hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
West Harlsey
West Harlsey is a hamlet and civil parish in the county of North Yorkshire, England. The population as taken at the 2011 Census was less than 100. Details are included in the civil parish of Winton, Stank and Hallikeld. It is situated near the A19 road, 3 miles north-east of Northallerton.

From 1974 to 2023 it was part of the district of Hambleton, it is now administered by the unitary North Yorkshire Council.

Hambleton District
54°20′02″N 1°25′44″W﻿ / ﻿54.334°N 1.429°W﻿ / 54.334; -1.429

Hambleton was a local government district in North Yorkshire, England. The administrative centre was Northallerton, and the district included the outlying towns and villages of Bedale, Thirsk, Great Ayton, Stokesley, and Easingwold.

The district was formed by the Local Government Act 1972 on 1 April 1974, as a merger of Northallerton Urban District, Bedale Rural District, Easingwold Rural District, Northallerton Rural District, and parts of Thirsk Rural District, Stokesley Rural District and Croft Rural District, all in the North Riding of Yorkshire. It was subsumed into the new unitary authority of North Yorkshire Council on 1 April 2023.
Libertarian Party of New York
The Libertarian Party of New York (LPNY; also known as the Free Libertarian Party of New York) is the affiliate of the Libertarian Party in the U.S. state of New York. Due to changes in New York State election law in 2020, the Libertarian Party lost its ballot status.
It is the recognized affiliate of the national Libertarian Party.

The Libertarian Party of New York is dedicated to the principle that free people have the right to live the way they please, except to initiate force, the threat of force, or fraud, against other persons or their property.

Non-aggression principle
The non-aggression principle (NAP) is a concept in which "aggression" – defined as initiating or threatening any forceful interference with an individual, their property or their agreements (contracts) – is illegitimate and should be prohibited. Interpretations of the NAP vary, particularly concerning issues like intellectual property, force, and abortion.

Like the Golden Rule, the Non-Aggression Principle follows an ethics of reciprocity, in the sense that whether a person's action is permissible, depends upon the preceding actions of others.

The non-aggression principle is considered by some to be a, or even the, defining principle of libertarianism. It is a common principle among libertarians of both minarchist and anarchist beliefs.
Vanaratna
Vanaratna (c. 1384-1468 CE), was an Indian Buddhist monk and scholar. Along with Dhyānabhadra (c. 1289–1363 C.E) and Śāriputra (c. 1335-1426 CE), he is one of the last recorded Indian Buddhists in the pre-modern era.

Bodh Gaya
Bodh Gayā is a religious site and place of pilgrimage associated with the Mahabodhi Temple complex, situated in the Gaya district in the Indian state of Bihar. It is famous for being the place where Gautama Buddha is said to have attained enlightenment (Pali: bodhi) under what became known as the Bodhi Tree. Since antiquity, Bodh Gayā has remained the object of pilgrimage and veneration for Buddhists. In particular, archaeological finds, including sculptures, show that the site was in use by Buddhists since the Mauryan period.

For Buddhists, Bodh Gayā is the most important among the four main pilgrimage sites related to the life of Gautama Buddha, the other three being Kushinagar, Lumbini, and Sarnath. In 2002, Mahabodhi Temple, located in Bodh Gayā, became a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Edmund Tobin Asselin
Edmund Tobin Asselin (September 26, 1920 – March 24, 1999) was a Canadian politician, administrator and businessman. He was elected to the House of Commons of Canada in the 1962 election as a Member of the Liberal Party representing the riding of Notre-Dame-de-Grâce. He was re-elected in 1963.

1963 Canadian federal election
The 1963 Canadian federal election was held on April 8, 1963, to elect members of the House of Commons of Canada of the 26th Parliament of Canada. It resulted in the defeat of the minority Progressive Conservative (Tory) government of Prime Minister John Diefenbaker, with the Liberals returning to power for the first time in 6 years, where they would remain for twenty of the next twenty-one years (winning every election except the 1979 election until their landslide defeat in 1984).  For the Social Credit Party, despite getting their highest ever share of the vote, the party lost 6 seats compared to its high-water mark in 1962.

The 1963 election was the first in which all of the Northwest Territories were contained in an electoral district, and consequently the first in which 100% of Canadian territory was represented in Parliament.
Evolutionary art
Evolutionary art is a branch of generative art, in which the artist does not do the work of constructing the artwork, but rather lets a system do the construction.  In evolutionary art, initially generated art is put through an iterated process of selection and modification to arrive at a final product, where it is the artist who is the selective agent.

Evolutionary art is to be distinguished from BioArt, which uses living organisms as the material medium instead of paint, stone, metal, etc.

Evolutionary pressure
Evolutionary pressure, selective pressure or selection pressure is exerted by factors that reduce or increase reproductive success in a portion of a population, driving natural selection. It is a quantitative description of the amount of change occurring in processes investigated by evolutionary biology, but the formal concept is often extended to other areas of research.

In population genetics, selective pressure is usually expressed as a selection coefficient.
Berezan Island
The Berezan island is situated in the Black Sea at the entrance of the Dnieper-Bug Estuary, Mykolaiv Raion, Mykolaiv Oblast, Ukraine. Located 8 kilometers from the city of Ochakiv and 4 kilometers from the resort village of Rybakivka. It is often being confused with the artificial island of Pervomaisky that is located within Dnieper-Bug Estuary. The Berezan island measures approximately 900 metres in length by 320 metres in width, the height of the northern part is 3-6 metres, the southern part is 21 metres. It is separated from the mainland (to which it may have been connected long ago) by about a mile and a half of shallow water. Berezan is an integral part of the historical and archaeological reserve of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine "Olbia". The island is uninhabited. In the summer, archaeological expeditions of the IA NASU and the State Hermitage Museum used to work here. The archaeological site is regularly destroyed as a result of unauthorized excavations.

Mykolaiv Raion
Mykolaiv Raion (Ukrainian: Миколаївський район, romanized: Mykolajivs'kyj rajon) is a raion (district) in Mykolaiv Oblast, Ukraine with a pre-war population of 636,832 (2022 estimate). Its administrative center is the city of Mykolaiv.
1949 New Jersey gubernatorial election
The 1949 New Jersey gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1949. Primary elections were held on April 19, 1949. Incumbent Republican Alfred E. Driscoll defeated Democratic former U.S. Representative Elmer H. Wene with 51.54% of the vote.

Under the 1947 New Jersey Constitution, Driscoll was the first Governor in state history eligible to succeed himself in a second consecutive term in a popular election. For the first time, the governor was elected to a four-year term, as opposed to three years. This is the most recent time the Republican Party won more than two consecutive gubernatorial elections in New Jersey.

1944 United States Senate special election in New Jersey
The 1944 United States Senate special election in New Jersey was held on November 7, 1944.

The election was held to fill the unexpired term of W. Warren Barbour, who died in November 1943. H. Alexander Smith was elected to the open seat over Democratic U.S. Representative Elmer H. Wene.

The incumbent Democratic appointee, Arthur Walsh, did not run.
Z.C.B.J. Opera House (Clarkson, Nebraska)
Z.C.B.J. Opera House is an historic building located in Clarkson, Nebraska, United States, that was built in 1913 by the Zapadni Ceska Bratrska Jednota, or Western Bohemian Fraternal Association. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 28, 1988. The building serves as a meeting hall for the Czech community.  It has hosted operas, dances, lectures, films and Czech heritage events.

Sound films were shown in the opera house beginning in the 1930s.

Czech Americans
Czech Americans (Czech: Čechoameričané), known in the 19th and early 20th century as Bohemian Americans, are citizens of the United States whose ancestry wholly or partly originates from the Czech lands, a term which refers to the majority of the traditional lands of the Bohemian Crown, namely Bohemia, Moravia and Czech Silesia. These lands over time have been governed by a variety of states, including the Kingdom of Bohemia, the Austrian Empire, Czechoslovakia, and the Czech Republic, also known by its short-form name, Czechia. Germans from the Czech lands who emigrated to the United States are usually identified as German Americans, or, more specifically, as Americans of German Bohemian descent. According to the 2000 U.S. census, there are 1,262,527 Americans of full or partial Czech descent, in addition to 441,403 persons who list their ancestry as Czechoslovak.
Ericameria pinifolia
Ericameria pinifolia is a species of flowering shrubs in the family Asteraceae known by the common name pinebush. This plant is native to southern California and northern Baja California.

Ericameria pinifolia is found in scrub and chaparral from the inland Peninsular and western Transverse Ranges foothills to the Colorado Desert. It is a green, hairless shrub sometimes as much as 300 cm (10 feet) tall. It is covered in clustered needle-like leaves each 1-4 centimeters (0.4-1.6 inches) long which at first glance look like very young pine needles. The leaves are fleshier than true needles and the plant is not closely related to the pines.

Atop each of the many erect branches is an inflorescence of small whitish flower heads. The plant blooms twice per year, producing single-head inflorescences in the spring and inflorescences with many smaller heads in the fall. Each head contains 3–10 ray florets and 11–25 disc florets. The fruit is an achene with a bright white, red, or tan pappus.

Peninsular Ranges
The Peninsular Ranges (also called the Lower California province) are a group of mountain ranges that stretch 930 mi (1,500 km) from Southern California to the southern tip of the Baja California peninsula; they are part of the North American Pacific Coast Ranges, which run along the Pacific coast from Alaska to Mexico. Elevations range from 500 to 10,834 ft (150 to 3,300 m).
Qendresa Krasniqi
Qendresa Krasniqi (born 28 June 1994) is a footballer who plays as a midfielder for Swiss Women's Super League club Basel. Born in Kosovo, she plays for the Albania national team. She also represented Kosovo in a 2017 FIFA international window.

Swiss Women's Super League
The Women's Super League is the highest-level league competition for women's football clubs in Switzerland. It was established in 1970 (formerly named Nationalliga A).

League winners qualify for the UEFA Women's Champions League. The team that end as number 10 relegate to the Nationalliga B.

The Super League replaced the Nationalliga A as the highest level of women's football in Switzerland from 2020–21 onwards.
Richard A. Andersen (chemist)
Richard "Dick" A. Andersen (November 16, 1942 – June 16, 2019) was a professor of chemistry at the University of California, Berkeley, and faculty senior scientist at the chemical sciences division of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL, Berkeley Lab) is a federally funded research and development center in the hills of Berkeley, California, United States. Established in 1931 by the University of California (UC), the laboratory is sponsored by the United States Department of Energy and administered by the UC system. Ernest Lawrence, who won the Nobel prize for inventing the cyclotron, founded the lab and served as its director until his death in 1958. Located in the Berkeley Hills, the lab overlooks the campus of the University of California, Berkeley.
Jabez Coon
Jabez Coon (1869 – 18 April 1935) was an Australian politician. Born in Maldon, Victoria, he received a primary education before becoming a goldminer and then a boot merchant in Melbourne. In 1906, he was elected to the Australian House of Representatives as the Protectionist member for the new seat of Batman. He held the seat until his defeat in 1910 by a Labor candidate. He was a member of the City of Collingwood council, and mayor from 1909 to 1910. He is the father-in-law of Gilbert Chandler, member of the Victorian Legislative Council and Minister for Agriculture in the Bolte Ministry from 1955 to 1973.

On 18 April 1935, Coon collapsed and died suddenly at South Yarra whilst returning home to Boronia.

Division of Batman
The Division of Batman was an Australian Electoral Division in the state of Victoria. It took its name from John Batman, one of the founders of the city of Melbourne. The division was created in 1906, replacing the Division of Northern Melbourne, and was abolished in 2019 and replaced by the Division of Cooper.

The division was located in Melbourne's northern suburbs, comprising the entire City of Darebin and parts of City of Yarra and City of Whittlesea at the time of abolition. Held by Labor for all but 10 years of its history, Batman traditionally had been a safe Labor seat. However, the Greens made the seat a contest beginning with the 2010 election, where they reduced Labor from a 26.0% margin to a 7.9% margin. Though Labor increased their margin against the Greens to 10.6% in 2013, the Greens reduced Labor's margin to just 1.0% in 2016. At the 2018 Batman by-election however, Labor increased their margin to 4.4% against the Greens.
Veliki vojvoda
Veliki vojvoda (Serbian Cyrillic: велики војвода; from veliki = great and vojvoda = duke) was a Serbian military and noble title in use during the Middle Ages and the Modern period. It is often translated into "grand duke".

Stefan Uroš V
Saint Stefan Uroš V (Serbian Cyrillic: Стефан Урош V, pronounced [stêfaːn ûroʃ peːti] ⓘ; 1336 – 2/4 December 1371), known in historiography and folk tradition as Uroš the Weak (Serbian: Урош Нејаки, romanized: Uroš Nejaki), was the second Emperor (Tsar) of the Serbian Empire (1355–1371), and before that he was Serbian King and co-ruler (since 1346) with his father, Emperor Stefan Dušan.
Digital clock manager
A digital clock manager (DCM) is an electronic component available on some field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) (notably ones produced by Xilinx). A digital clock manager is useful for manipulating clock signals inside the FPGA, and to avoid clock skew which would introduce errors in the circuit.

Xilinx
Xilinx, Inc. (/ˈzaɪlɪŋks/ ZY-links) was an American technology and semiconductor company that primarily supplied programmable logic devices. The company is renowned for inventing the first commercially viable field-programmable gate array (FPGA). It also pioneered the first fabless manufacturing model.

Xilinx was co-founded by Ross Freeman, Bernard Vonderschmitt, and James V Barnett II in 1984. The company went public on the Nasdaq in 1990. In October 2020, AMD announced its acquisition of Xilinx, which was completed on February 14, 2022, through an all-stock transaction valued at approximately $60 billion. Xilinx remained a wholly owned subsidiary of AMD until the brand was phased out in June 2023, with Xilinx's product lines now branded under AMD.
Donkey sentence
In semantics, a donkey sentence is a sentence containing a pronoun which is semantically bound but syntactically free. They are a classic puzzle in formal semantics and philosophy of language because they are fully grammatical and yet defy straightforward attempts to generate their formal language equivalents. In order to explain how speakers are able to understand them, semanticists have proposed a variety of formalisms including systems of dynamic semantics such as Discourse representation theory. Their name comes from the example sentence "Every farmer who owns a donkey beats it", in which "it" acts as a donkey pronoun because it is semantically but not syntactically bound by the indefinite noun phrase "a donkey". The phenomenon is known as donkey anaphora.

Walter Burley
Walter Burley (or Burleigh; c. 1275 – 1344/45) was an English scholastic philosopher and logician with at least 50 works attributed to him. He studied under Thomas Wilton and received his Master of Arts degree in 1301, and was a fellow of Merton College, Oxford until about 1310. He then spent sixteen years in Paris, becoming a fellow of the Sorbonne by 1324, before spending 17 years as a clerical courtier in England and Avignon. Burley disagreed with William of Ockham on a number of points concerning logic and natural philosophy. He was known as the Doctor Planus et Perspicuus.
Elisabeth Bergstrand-Poulsen
Anna Elisabeth Albertina Bergstrand-Poulsen (12 November 1887 – 18 February 1955) was a Swedish writer, painter, illustrator and textile artist who lived in Denmark after marrying the sculptor Axel Poulsen in 1917. As a painter, she exhibited from 1922, initially specializing in child portraits, later in religious works including altarpieces. She embarked on writing in 1926 with a copiously illustrated book on people from her native Småland, the first of many successful works influenced by her strong Christian beliefs and childhood memories. Several were translated into Danish, Dutch, German or English.

Textile arts
Textile arts are arts and crafts that use plant, animal, or synthetic fibers to construct practical or decorative objects.

Textiles have been a fundamental part of human life since the beginning of civilization. The methods and materials used to make them have expanded enormously, while the functions of textiles have remained the same, there are many functions for textiles. Whether it be clothing or something decorative for the house/shelter. The history of textile arts is also the history of international trade.  Tyrian purple dye was an important trade good in the ancient Mediterranean. The Silk Road brought Chinese silk to India, Africa, and Europe, and, conversely, Sogdian silk to China. Tastes for imported luxury fabrics led to sumptuary laws during the Middle Ages and Renaissance.  The Industrial Revolution was shaped largely by innovation in textiles technology: the cotton gin, the spinning jenny, and the power loom mechanized production and led to the Luddite rebellion.
Cynthia Jenks
Cynthia Jeanne Jenks is an American physical chemist whose research has involved the surface properties of silver and of quasicrystals, observed through scanning tunneling microscopy and photoelectron spectroscopy. She is associate laboratory director for physical sciences at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory.

Photoemission spectroscopy
Photoemission spectroscopy (PES), also known as photoelectron spectroscopy, refers to energy or spin measurement of electrons emitted from solids, gases or liquids by the photoelectric effect, in order to determine the binding energies or magnetic properties of electrons in the substance. The term refers to various techniques, depending on whether the ionization energy is provided by X-ray, EUV or UV photons. Regardless of the incident photon beam, however, all photoelectron spectroscopy revolves around the general theme of surface analysis by measuring the ejected electrons.
Koerakuiv
Koerakuiv is a small islet in the Baltic Sea belonging to the country of Estonia. Koerakuiv lies just off the northwest coast of the island of Saaremaa, and is administratively part of Atla village in Saaremaa Parish, Saare County and is also part of Vilsandi National Park.

Islet
An islet (/ˈaɪlət/ EYE-lət) is generally a small island. Definitions vary and are not precise, but some suggest that an islet is a very small, often unnamed, island with little or no vegetation unable to support human habitation. It may be made of rock, sand and/or hard coral; may be permanent or tidal (i.e. surfaced reef or seamount); and may exist in the sea, lakes, rivers or any other sizeable bodies of water.
Deficiency (statistics)
In statistics, the deficiency is a measure to compare a statistical model with another statistical model. The concept was introduced in the 1960s by the French mathematician Lucien Le Cam, who used it to prove an approximative version of the Blackwell–Sherman–Stein theorem. Closely related is the Le Cam distance, a pseudometric for the maximum deficiency between two statistical models. If the deficiency of a model  in relation to  is zero, then one says  is better or more informative or stronger than .

Pseudometric space
In mathematics, a pseudometric space is a generalization of a metric space in which the distance between two distinct points can be zero. Pseudometric spaces were introduced by Đuro Kurepa in 1934. In the same way as every normed space is a metric space, every seminormed space is a pseudometric space. Because of this analogy, the term semimetric space (which has a different meaning in topology) is sometimes used as a synonym, especially in functional analysis.

When a topology is generated using a family of pseudometrics, the space is called a gauge space.
Barlow Pass (Washington)
Barlow Pass (elevation 2,362 feet (720 m)) is a mountain pass on the west side of the Cascades in Washington on the Mountain Loop Highway between Silverton and Darrington. It is a popular trail head for access to the old mining town of Monte Cristo and has a branch off to hike up to Gothic Basin, which is about a mile in.

The mining boom at Monte Cristo, starting in 1890, resulted in the need for access to the remote town. In 1891 a wagon road was built along the Sauk River, from the Skagit River to Monte Cristo. That same year it was discovered that Monte Cristo could be accessed via the South Fork Stillaguamish River. A surveyor named J.Q. Barlow blazed a route from Silverton to Monte Cristo. Mining interests funded further work and soon a wagon road was built over Barlow Pass to join the Sauk wagon road. Later a railroad would be built over the same route.

It is the type locality of the mushroom species Cortinarius barlowensis.

Monte Cristo trail head

Road signage

Stillaguamish River
The Stillaguamish River is a river in the northwestern region of the U.S. state of Washington. It is mainly composed of two forks, the longer North Fork Stillaguamish (45 miles (72 km)) and the South Fork Stillaguamish.  The two forks join near Arlington. From there the Stillaguamish River proper flows for 22 miles (35 km) to Puget Sound.  The river's watershed drains part of the Cascade Range north of Seattle.
1987 NSWRL season
The 1987 NSWRL season was the 80th season of professional rugby league football in Australia. Thirteen clubs competed for the New South Wales Rugby League premiership's J J Giltinan Shield and Winfield Cup during the season, which culminated in the grand final between the Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles and the Canberra Raiders who were the first club ever from outside Sydney to appear in a premiership decider. This season, NSWRL teams also competed for the 1987 National Panasonic Cup.

1987 National Panasonic Cup
The 1987 National Panasonic Cup was the 14th edition of the NSWRL Midweek Cup, a NSWRL-organised national club Rugby League tournament between the leading clubs from the NSWRL, the BRL, the CRL, Papua New Guinea and State Representative Teams.

A total of 20 teams from across Australia and Papua New Guinea played 19 matches in a straight knock-out format, with the matches being held midweek during the premiership season.