hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Yukpa language
Yukpa (Yuco, Yucpa, Yuko, Yupa) is a Cariban language, spoken by 3,000 people in Zulia State in Venezuela and 3,000 across the border in Colombia. It is also known as Carib Motilón, Macoíta, Northern Motilón, and Manso.

Río Casacará (Iroka) and Río Maracas are the main dialects, and different enough to possibly be considered separate languages. Also Caño Padilla–La Laguna. The Venezuelan dialects, Yrapa and Río Negro, are closer to Río Maracas than to Río Casacará.

Similarity to Japrería, the other Yupka language, is slight.

Zulia
Zulia State (Spanish: Estado Zulia, IPA: [esˈtaðo ˈsulja]; Wayuu: Mma’ipakat Suuria) is one of the 23 states of Venezuela. The state capital is Maracaibo. As of the 2011 census, it had a population of 3,704,404, making it the most populous state in the country. Zulia is also notable for being one of the few states in Venezuela where voseo—the use of vos as the second-person singular pronoun—is widespread. The state is coterminous with the eponymous region of Zulia.

Zulia is located in northwestern Venezuela, bordering Lake Maracaibo, the largest body of its kind in Latin America. The lake's basin holds some of the largest oil and gas reserves in the Western Hemisphere.

Zulia is economically significant due to its oil and mineral exploitation, but it is also one of Venezuela's major agricultural regions. The state contributes notably in livestock, bananas, fruits, meat, and milk.
Titus Flavius Genialis
Titus Flavius Genialis (Latin: T. Flavius Genialis) was Praetorian prefect with Tullius Crispinus in 193 AD. He was appointed by Didius Julianus, who had just bought the throne from the Guard. Even in the face of Julianus' rapidly deteriorating political position, Genialis remained utterly loyal. However, he could not prevent the Senate from condemning or executing Julianus as they did on behalf of Septimius Severus who succeeded Julianus as Emperor of Rome.

In 185, Genialis appears to have been tribunus cohortis, or commander, of a presumably praetorian cohort.

Didius Julianus
Marcus Didius Julianus (/ˈdɪdiəs/; 29 January 133 – 2 June 193) was Roman emperor from March to June 193, during the Year of the Five Emperors.

Julianus had a successful political career, governing several provinces, including Dalmatia and Germania Inferior, and defeating the two Germanic tribes, the Chauci and Chatti. He was appointed to the consulship in 175 along with Pertinax as a reward, before being demoted by Commodus.

Julianus became emperor after winning an auction held by the Praetorian Guard, who had assassinated his predecessor Pertinax. A civil war ensued in which three rival generals laid claim to the imperial throne. Septimius Severus, commander of the legions in Pannonia and the nearest of the generals to Rome, marched on the capital, gathering support along the way and routing cohorts of the Praetorian Guard Julianus sent to meet him. Abandoned by the Senate and the Praetorian Guard, Julianus was killed by a soldier in the palace and succeeded by Severus.
Iris Tió
Iris Tió Casas (born 2 November 2002) is a Spanish synchronised swimmer.

She won a bronze medal in the free routine combination competition at the 2018 European Aquatics Championships. During the 2025 World Aquatics Championships in Singapore she won two bronze medals – in solo technical routine and team free routine events – and three gold medals –  solo free routine, duet free routine and mixed duet free routine –, becoming the first Spaniard to win each one of the three medals, and the only Spaniard with more than one gold medal in the world championships.

2018 European Aquatics Championships
The 2018 European Aquatics Championships took place in Glasgow, Edinburgh and Luss in the central belt of Scotland, from 3 to 12 August 2018.

The championships were part of the first European Championships with other events happening in Scotland and Berlin.
Roseibium marinum
Roseibium marinum is a Gram-negative, aerobic and halophilic bacterium from the genus Roseibium which has been isolated from seawater from the Yellow Sea in Korea.

Roseibium marinum is chemoheterotrophic, requiring organic matter for growth. Fermentation has not been observed, either in the presence of oxygen (under aerobic conditions) or under anaerobic conditions. Under anaerobic conditions (in the absence of oxygen), it can grow through denitrification.

It belongs to the aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria. These bacteria use light as an additional source of energy when nutrients are scarce or oxygen levels are low. Unlike anaerobic anoxygenic phototrophs, aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria produce bacteriochlorophyll a in the presence of oxygen. They have a quinone-like reaction centre and produce a range of carotenoids, which give them their characteristic pink or orange colour.

Anoxygenic photosynthesis
Anoxygenic photosynthesis is a special form of photosynthesis used by some bacteria, which differs from the better known oxygenic photosynthesis in plants and cyanobacteria in the reductant used (e.g. hydrogen sulfide instead of water) and the byproduct generated (e.g. elemental sulfur instead of molecular oxygen).

Unlike oxygenic phototrophs that only use the Calvin cycle to fix carbon dioxide, anoxygenic phototrophs can use both the Calvin cycle and the reverse TCA cycle to fix carbon dioxide. Additionally, unlike its oxygenic counterpart that predominantly uses chlorophyll, this type of photosynthesis uses the bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) to utilize light as an energy source. A precursor to oxygenic photosynthesis but having been developed after chemolithoautotrophy, anoxygenic photosynthesis uses one of two reaction centers while oxygenic photosynthesis uses both type I and type II reaction centers.
Luis Macas
Luis Macas Ambuludí (born 1951) is a Kichwa politician and intellectual from Saraguro, Ecuador.

Macas has honorary university degrees in anthropology, linguistics and jurisprudence. He was one of the founders of the CONAIE and of the Pachakutik Movement, and was member of the National Congress of Ecuador. In 2003 he joined Lucio Gutiérrez's government as Minister of Agriculture, quit because of disagreements with his neoliberal policies.

Macas was vice-president of the CONAIE (Confederación de Nacionalidades Indígenas de Ecuador) from 1988 to 1991, and CONAIE president from 1991 to 1996 and from 2004–2008.

On May 24, 2006 Macas was proclaimed by the Pachakutik Movement as presidential candidate for the October 15, 2006 election. He came in seventh (out of 13 candidates), with just over 2 percent of the vote.

Kichwa language
Kichwa (Kichwa shimi, Runashimi, also Spanish Quichua) is a Quechuan language that includes all Quechua varieties of Ecuador and Colombia (Inga), as well as extensions into Peru. It has an estimated half million speakers.
Ratha
Ratha (Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hrátʰas, Vedic Sanskrit: रथ, IAST: rátha; Avestan: raθa) is the Indo-Iranian term for a spoked-wheel chariot.  The term has been used since antiquity for both fast chariots and other wheeled vehicles pulled by animals or humans, in particular the large temple cars or processional carts still used in Indian religious processions to carry images of a deity.

Vedic Sanskrit
Vedic Sanskrit, also simply referred as the Vedic language, is the earliest attested form of the Sanskrit and Prakrit languages: members of the Indo-Aryan subgroup of the Indo-European language family. It is attested in the Vedas and related literature compiled over the period of the mid-2nd to mid-1st millennium BCE. It is orally preserved, predating the local advent of writing by several centuries.

Extensive ancient literature in the Vedic Sanskrit language has survived into the modern era, and this has been a major source of information for reconstructing Proto-Indo-European and Proto-Indo-Iranian history.
Thomas Jones (Titanic survivor)
Thomas William Jones (15 November 1877  – June 1967), nicknamed as Tommy or Tom Titanic was a British sailor who survived the sinking of the Titanic on 15 April 1912. Jones, who was part of the deck crew, served as an able seaman and was put in charge of lifeboat #8 when it was launched at 1:10 a.m. Jones, who insisted on going back for survivors, developed a lifelong correspondence with the Countess of Rothes after the sinking, one of the few people on boat No. 8 who supported going back.

Able seaman
An able seaman (AB) is a seaman and member of the deck department of a merchant ship with more than two years' experience at sea and considered "well acquainted with his duty".  An AB may work as a watchstander, a day worker, or a combination of these roles.  Once a sufficient amount of sea time is acquired, then the AB can apply to take a series of courses/examinations to become certified as an officer.
Tropilaelaps
Tropilaelaps is a genus of parasitic mites in the family Laelapidae. Their range spans the Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam, India, Sri Lanka, Afghanistan and Pakistan. T. mercedesae has now established a foothold in Europe with verified reports in the Krasnodar region, Western Russia. Their primary hosts are the larva of Apis dorsata and Apis laboriosa, although after Apis mellifera was imported to Asia, they were found to also be suitable hosts for two species of Tropilaelaps, T. clareae and T. mercedesae. Species can be identified by DNA analysis. They are considered a major economic threat to the beekeeping industry.

Tropilaelaps are ectoparasites that reduce the lifespans of individual bees and reduce their overall health and wellbeing by depriving them of nutrients and inflicting injuries. Evidence of Tropilaelaps presence in a hive might include deformed wings or legs on honey bees.

Krasnodar
Krasnodar, formerly Yekaterinodar (until 1920), is the largest city and the administrative centre of Krasnodar Krai, Russia. The city stands on the Kuban River in southern Russia, with a population of 1,154,885 residents, and up to 1.263 million residents in the Urban Okrug. In the past decade Krasnodar has experienced rapid population growth, rising to become the tenth-largest city in Russia, and the largest city in southern Russia, as well as the Southern Federal District.

The city originated in 1793 as a fortress built by the Cossacks, and became a trading center for southern Russia. The city sustained heavy damage in World War II but was rebuilt and renovated after the war. Krasnodar is a major economic hub in southern Russia; In 2012, Forbes named Krasnodar the best city for business in Russia. Krasnodar is home to numerous sights, including the Krasnodar Stadium. Its main airport is Krasnodar International Airport.
The Emperor's New Clothes (song)
"The Emperor's New Clothes" is a song written and recorded by Irish singer-songwriter Sinéad O'Connor for her second studio album, I Do Not Want What I Haven't Got (1990). The song was released as the album's second single on 5 June 1990 by Ensign and Chrysalis Records and reached number three in Canada, number five in Ireland, and the top 20 in Australia, Italy and Switzerland. In the United States, the song topped the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart for a week. Its music video was directed by John Maybury.

Chrysalis Records
Chrysalis Records (/ˈkrɪsəlɪs/) is a British independent record label that was founded in 1968. The name is both a reference to the pupal stage of a butterfly and a combination of its founders' names, Chris Wright and Terry Ellis. It started as the Ellis-Wright Agency.
Ruin (album)
Ruin is the second studio album by British metalcore band Architects. It was released on 25 October 2007 through United by Fate, Distort and Century Media Records. The album was produced by John Mitchell, Ben Humphreys and the band themselves. It is the first album to feature vocalist Sam Carter and bassist Alex Dean.

Century Media Records
Century Media Records is a German heavy metal record label with offices in Germany, the United States and the United Kingdom. In August 2015, Century Media was acquired by Sony Music for US$17 million.
Symbiosis (1976 film)
Symbiosis is a Canadian animated short film, directed by David Cox and released in 1976. Inspired by the ongoing controversy around land tenancy on the Toronto Islands, the film centres on the residents of an unnamed island that is under threat of being taken over by its occasional visitors.

The film won the award for best film under three minutes at the 1976 Ottawa International Animation Festival, and was a Canadian Film Award nominee for Best Animated Short at the 28th Canadian Film Awards in 1977.

Ottawa International Animation Festival
The Ottawa International Animation Festival is an annual animated film and media festival that takes place in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. The OIAF was founded in 1975, with the first festival held from August 10 to 15 in 1976. Initially organized by the Canadian Film Institute on a biennial basis and with the co-operation of the International Animated Film Association, the Festival organization now remains in the hands of the CFI. It moved from a biennial to an annual festival in 2005. Today the festival is recognized as the largest and oldest animation festival in North America, and regularly attracts upwards of 25,000 attendees when it is held each September.
Job characteristic theory
Job characteristics theory is a theory of work design. It provides "a set of implementing principles for enriching jobs in organizational settings". The original version of job characteristics theory proposed a model of five "core" job characteristics (i.e., skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy, and feedback) that affect five work-related outcomes (i.e., motivation, satisfaction, performance, and absenteeism and turnover) through three psychological states (i.e., experienced meaningfulness, experienced responsibility, and knowledge of results).

Performance
A performance is an act or process of staging or presenting a play, concert, or other forms of entertainment. It is also defined as the action or process of carrying out or accomplishing an action, task, or function.
Bregaglia
Bregaglia  (Italian and Romansh: Bregagliaⓘ) is a municipality in the Maloja Region in the canton of Grisons in Switzerland. It was formed by the 2010 merger of the municipalities of Bondo, Castasegna, Soglio, Stampa and Vicosoprano, all located in the Val Bregaglia.

Bregaglia is the only Italian-speaking municipality in Switzerland in which the majority of the population is Protestant.

Protestantism in Switzerland
The Reformed branch of Protestantism in Switzerland was started in Zürich by Huldrych Zwingli and spread within a few years to Basel (Johannes Oecolampadius), Bern (Berchtold Haller and Niklaus Manuel), St. Gallen,(Joachim Vadian), to cities in southern Germany and via Alsace (Martin Bucer) to France.

Since 1920, the Swiss Reformed Churches have been organized in 26 member churches of the Federation of Swiss Protestant Churches. In the 2000 Swiss census, 33% of Swiss population were reported as registered members of a Reformed cantonal church. By 2022, this was 22.5%, with 2.7% of the populations belonging to other Protestant denominations.
Mama (Nomeansno album)
Mama is the debut album by Victoria, British Columbia punk rock band Nomeansno. Featuring the band's original incarnation comprising brothers John and Rob Wright, the album was released independently on LP in 1982. Nomeansno reissued a remastered version the album in 1992 on their own Wrong Records imprint, coupled with the tracks from their Betrayal, Fear, Anger, Hatred EP of 1981.

Recorded after a period of gigging as a two-piece lineup with bass, drums, and vocals, the album reflects the band's early live sound, with minimal guitar overdubs.  Nomeansno later expanded their sound with the addition of guitarist Andy Kerr and developed a following after signing with the Alternative Tentacles imprint, but Mama remained popular with fans and critics. Writing for Trouser Press, critic Ira Robbins described Mama and the band's early 7-inches as "Devo on a jazz trip, Motörhead after art school, or Wire on psychotic steroids."

Alternative Tentacles
Alternative Tentacles is an independent record label established in 1979 by Dead Kennedys vocalist Jello Biafra and guitarist East Bay Ray in San Francisco, California, with the intention to release the Dead Kennedys' self-produced single "California Über Alles".  After realizing the potential for an independent label, they released records for other bands as well. They would go on to release albums by artists such as Dead Kennedys, NoMeansNo, D.O.A., Alice Donut, Lard, the Dicks, Butthole Surfers, 7 Seconds, Neurosis, Wesley Willis, Half Japanese, Blowfly, Subhumans (Canada), the Crucifucks, Victims Family, Pansy Division, Zolar X, Culture Shock, World/Inferno Friendship Society, Itchy-O, ArnoCorps, the Darts, Tsunami Bomb, and many more.
In the mid-1980s Jello Biafra became the sole owner of Alternative Tentacles.
Nakhuda
A Nakhuda was the captain of a pearling boat sailing in the Persian Gulf, typically from Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates (then the Trucial States).

Arabian Pearling vessels would typically take to sea with the Nakhuda, assistant ("Mijadimi"), a singer ("Nahham"), some eight divers ("Ghais"), and ten haulers ("Saib"). The cook on the vessel was titled the "Jallas". Larger boats would even include a Muttawa to lead prayers.

The vessels ranged from the relatively small Banoosh to the 100-foot Jalboot, a corruption of the English term jollyboat. The trade was lucrative - at the turn of the 19th century, revenues from the Gulf pearl trade were estimated at some £1,434,000, with an additional £30,439 of this earned from mother-of-pearl.

In the early 20th century, Lorimer recorded 1200 boats involved in the trade across the Trucial States, each carrying an average crew of 18.

Trucial States
The Trucial States, also known as the Trucial Coast, or the Trucial Sheikhdoms, or Trucial Oman, was a group of tribal confederations in southeastern Arabia south of the Persian Gulf whose leaders had signed protective treaties with the British Empire between 1820 and 1892.

The Trucial States remained an informal British protectorate until the treaties were revoked on 1 December 1971. The following day, six of the sheikhdoms—Dubai, Abu Dhabi, Sharjah, Ajman, Umm Al Quwain and Fujairah—formed the United Arab Emirates; the seventh, Ras Al Khaimah, joined on 10 February 1972.
Kevin Connolly (writer)
Kevin Michael Connolly (born March 20, 1962) is a Canadian poet, editor, and teacher who was born in Biloxi, Mississippi and grew up in Maple, Ontario. Connolly has served as an editor for presses such as ECW Press, Coach House Press, and McClelland & Stewart. He is currently the poetry editor at House of Anansi Press. He has edited and published more than 60 full-length poetry collections, many of them debuts.

Connolly's book Drift won the 2005 Trillium Award, and his fourth book, Revolver, was shortlisted for the 2009 Griffin Poetry Prize. He received the 2015 Artist Award recipient from the KM Hunter Foundation.

McClelland & Stewart
McClelland & Stewart Limited is a Canadian publishing company. It is owned by Penguin Random House of Canada, a branch of Penguin Random House, the international book publishing division of German media giant Bertelsmann.
Shame on Me
"Shame on Me" is a song recorded by Canadian country music group The Wilkinsons. It was released in 2000 as the second single from their second studio album, Here and Now. It peaked at number 10 on the RPM Country Tracks chart in August 2000.

The Wilkinsons
The Wilkinsons were a Canadian country music trio from Belleville, Ontario. Founded in 1997, the group consisted of lead singer Amanda Wilkinson, her brother Tyler Wilkinson, and their father, Steve Wilkinson. The Wilkinsons achieved success late in 1998 with the hit single "26 Cents", a Number One on the Canadian country music charts and Top 5 hit on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts. It was followed by "Fly (The Angel Song)", also a No. 1 in Canada. A second album, Here and Now, produced the group's last American top 40 hit in "Jimmy's Got a Girlfriend". Afterward, the trio recorded three more albums, one of which was not released, and a Greatest Hits package.

As of 2023, Amanda and Tyler Wilkinson will still perform together occasionally as "The Wilkinsons" without their father, who has retired.
Manuele Blasi
Manuele Blasi (Italian pronunciation: [manuˈɛːle ˈblaːzi]; born 17 August 1980) is an Italian former professional footballer who played a midfielder, currently working as the sporting director of Swiss club FC Paradiso.

SSD Varese Calcio
Società Sportiva Dilettantistica Varese Calcio, commonly referred to as Varese, was an Italian football club based in Varese, Lombardy. It was founded as Varese Football Club on 22 March 1910. It became Associazione Sportiva Varesina in 1923, Varese Sportiva in 1926, reverted to Varese F.C. from 1946 to 2004, and then Associazione Sportiva Varese 1910 (A.S. Varese 1910) from 2004 to 2015. The club dissolved in 2019.
The Laughing Apple
The Laughing Apple is the fifteenth studio album by Yusuf / Cat Stevens, released on 15 September 2017 by Cat-O-Log Records. It is Yusuf's fourth mainstream release since his return to music and his first since 2014's Tell 'Em I'm Gone. The album was produced by Yusuf / Cat Stevens & Paul Samwell-Smith. Its title is a reference to one of Cat Stevens' earlier song, "The Laughing Apple" that was included as the B-side of his 1967 single "A Bad Night" and later on his second album New Masters. It would be the first album with his former name (Cat Stevens) included on an album since his Back to Earth album, released in 1978.  It was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Folk Album.

Paul Samwell-Smith
Paul Granville Samwell-Smith (born Paul Granville Smith, 8 May 1943) is an English musician and record producer. He was a founding member and the bassist of the 1960s English rock band the Yardbirds, which launched leading guitarists Eric Clapton, Jeff Beck and Jimmy Page to fame.
ARY
ARY may stand for:

Abdul Razzak Yaqoob, a Pakistani expatriate businessman

Andre Romelle Young, real name of Dr. Dre

Ary and the Secret of Seasons, an action adventure video game

ARY Digital, a Pakistani television network

ARY Digital Network, a subsidiary of the ARY Group

ARY Musik (formerly The Musik), a Pakistani Urdu-English music channel

ARY News, a Pakistani news channel

ARY One World, a bilingual news channel in English and Urdu

ARY, the IATA airport code for the Ararat Airport

ary, ISO 639-3 code for the Moroccan Arabic language

Ary (footballer) (1919-unknown), Ary Nogueira Cezar, Brazilian footballer

ARY Musik
ARY Musik HD (Urdu: اے آر وائے میوزک, formerly The Musik) is a Pakistani pay television music channel, first launched in August 2003 as "The Musik" in Dubai by Salman Iqbal. It is part of the ARY Digital Network. In 2009 its name was changed to "ARY Musik". It features music genres including pop, rock, rap, bhangra, classical, and folk. It also airs interactive shows, celebrity interviews, comic fillers, theme shows, animations and live concerts.

The channel's longest-running international music based show was Music Hour with Wiqar Ali Khan, hosted in English and Pashto. ARY Musik is one of the first satellite channels to have live link-ups between its studios based in London, UK, USA, Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Afghanistan and Dubai, Cologne and Slovenia.