hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ian McDougall (architect)
Ian Lachlan McDougall is Professor of Architecture and Urban Design at the University of Adelaide and a founding director of the   Australian architecture firm Ashton Raggatt McDougall or ARM Architecture. His most significant projects include Melbourne Recital Centre and Melbourne Theatre Company's Southbank Theatre, Hamer Hall at Arts Centre Melbourne, masterplanning of Melbourne Docklands, Albury Library Museum and the Shrine of Remembrance Visitors Centre in Melbourne.

McDougall studied at RMIT University, and has also taught at that institution. He was awarded the Centenary Medal in 2001, and was made a Life Fellow of the Royal Australian Institute of Architects in 2004. His design work has had recognition in the professional arena for individual projects and as an urban designer. McDougall was also appointed to the Melbourne Festival Board of Directors in 2012.

Melbourne Theatre Company
The Melbourne Theatre Company is a theatre company based in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Founded in 1953 as the Union Theatre Repertory Company at the Union Theatre at the University of Melbourne, it is the oldest professional theatre company in Australia.

The company's Southbank Theatre houses the 500-seat Sumner and the 150-seat Lawler, and the company also performs in the Arts Centre Melbourne's Fairfax Studio and Playhouse, all located in Melbourne's Arts Precinct in Southbank.  Considered Victoria's state theatre company, it formally comes under the auspices of the University of Melbourne. As of 2013 it offered a Mainstage Season of ten to twelve plays each year, as well as education, family and creative development activities, and reported having a subscriber base of approximately 20,000 people and played to around a quarter of a million people annually.
Casey Charles
Casey Charles is an American lawyer, activist, academic, and author. He is a professor emeritus in the English Department at the University of Montana.

Charles is most known for articulating queer nuances in literature and work on HIV awareness through his essays, memoir, and poetry. He has authored eight books, including two poetry chapbooks, two novels—The Trials of Christopher Mann and The Monkey Cages—as well as a collection of essays on film and literature, a nonfiction book, and a memoir. His work has primarily focused on LGBTQ rights and representation.

Chapbook
A chapbook is a type of small printed booklet that was a popular medium for street literature throughout early modern Europe. Chapbooks were usually produced cheaply, illustrated with crude woodcuts and printed on a single sheet folded into 8, 12, 16, or 24 pages, sometimes bound with a saddle stitch. Printers provided chapbooks on credit to chapmen, who sold them both from door to door and at markets and fairs, then paying for the stock they sold. The tradition of chapbooks emerged during the 16th century as printed books were becoming affordable, with the medium ultimately reaching its height of popularity during the 17th and 18th centuries. Various ephemera and popular or folk literature were published as chapbooks, such as almanacs, children's literature, folklore, ballads, nursery rhymes, pamphlets, poetry, and political and religious tracts. The term chapbook remains in use by publishers to refer to short, inexpensive booklets.
D'Alembert–Euler condition
In mathematics and physics, especially the study of mechanics and fluid dynamics, the d'Alembert-Euler condition is a requirement that the streaklines of a flow are irrotational.  Let x = x(X,t) be the coordinates of the point x into which X is carried at time t by a (fluid) flow.  Let  be the second material derivative of x.  Then the d'Alembert-Euler condition is:

The d'Alembert-Euler condition is named for Jean le Rond d'Alembert and Leonhard Euler who independently first described its use in the mid-18th century.  It is not to be confused with the Cauchy–Riemann conditions.

Cauchy–Riemann equations
In mathematics, the Cauchy–Riemann equations are two partial differential equations that characterize differentiability of complex functions. The equations are

and

where u(x, y) and v(x, y) are real bivariate differentiable functions. Typically, u and v are the real and imaginary parts, respectively, of a complex-valued function

of a complex variable z = x + iy.

If f is complex-differentiable at a complex point z = x + iy, then the partial derivatives of u and v exist and satisfy the Cauchy–Riemann equations at that point. Conversely, if the functions u and v are (real) differentiable at z and satisfy the Cauchy-Riemann equations there, then f is complex-differentiable at z.

In this way, the Cauchy-Riemann equations are closely related to differentiability, which is in turn closely related to analyticity. These close relationships are the starting point of complex analysis.
Liberty Tree Mall
The Liberty Tree Mall is a shopping mall in Danvers, Massachusetts, U.S., managed by the Simon Property Group. It is anchored by Kohl's, Total Wine & More, AMC Theatres, Marshalls, Sky Zone, and Best Buy, along with Aldi.

Simon Property Group owns one-third of the common area of the mall; the Michaels Strip Mall, and the entire interior space between Kohl's and Best Buy. The right-hand area of the property from Best Buy to Staples is owned by Target. The property from Kohl's to Dick's Sporting Goods is owned by New England Development, the mall's original developer.

Dick's Sporting Goods
Dick's Sporting Goods, Inc. (stylized as DICK'S Sporting Goods) is an American chain of sporting goods stores founded in 1948 by Richard "Dick" Stack. It is the largest sporting goods retailer in the United States and is listed on the Fortune 500.
MSC Pamela
MSC Pamela was built by Samsung Heavy Industries and launched in 2005. The vessel's engine, also built by Samsung Heavy Industries, consumes 248 tonnes of heavy fuel oil per day.

The vessel measures 336.6m in length, a draft of 15m, with a gross tonnage of 107,200 and with a breadth of 45.6m (150ft); is capable of a maximum speed of 25.2 knots.  She sails under the Panamanian flag for the Mediterranean Shipping Company.

At its launch, MSC Pamela broke the world records for the number of containers that could be carried on a single vessel. As a post-Panamax vessel, and therefore unable to pass through the Panama Canal, she operates between the major ports of Europe and the Far East.

Mediterranean Shipping Company
Mediterranean Shipping Company S.A., branded as MSC, is an international shipping line founded by Italian Gianluigi Aponte and his wife Rafaela Aponte-Diamant in Italy in 1970. The company is owned by the Aponte-Diamant family with its headquarters in the suburb of Champel, Geneva, Switzerland, since 1978. It is the world's largest container shipping company by both fleet size and cargo capacity, controlling 21.2% of global container capacity as of November 2025.

As of September 2025, MSC operates about 900 cargo vessels with an intake capacity of 7,000,000 twenty-foot equivalent units (TEU). MSC subsidiaries operate rail freight transport in Portugal and Spain, cruise ships, and cargo aircraft.

The company is independent and wholly owned by the Aponte-Diamant family under the leadership of Diego Aponte. Diego was appointed president and CEO by his father and company founder Gianluigi in October 2014. In December 2020, Soren Toft became MSC chief executive officer.
1945 Croke Cup
The 1945 Croke Cup was the second staging of the Croke Cup since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1944.

St Flannan's College were the defending champions.

The final was played on 29 April 1945 at Croke Park in Dublin, between St Flannan's College and St Joseph's, Fairview, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. St Flannan's College won the match by 7–10 to 2–03 to claim their second successive Croke Cup title.

St Joseph's, Fairview
St Joseph's, Fairview, sometimes St Joseph's C.B.S., and previously St Joseph's Secondary Christian Brothers' School, is a co-educational secondary school in Fairview, Dublin, Ireland, having been boys-only until 2023. The school was in the patronage of the Irish Christian Brothers; the patron is now the Edmund Rice Schools Trust.
PlayCanvas
PlayCanvas is an open-source 3D game engine/interactive 3D application engine alongside a proprietary cloud-hosted creation platform that allows for simultaneous editing from multiple computers via a browser-based interface. It runs in modern browsers that support WebGL, including Mozilla Firefox and Google Chrome. The engine is capable of rigid-body physics simulation, handling three-dimensional audio and 3D animations.

PlayCanvas has gained the support of ARM, Activision and Mozilla.

The PlayCanvas engine was open-sourced on June 4, 2014.

In April 2019, BusinessInsider.com reported that the company was acquired by Snap Inc. in 2017.

Snap Inc.
Snap Inc. is an American technology company, founded on September 16, 2011, by Evan Spiegel, Bobby Murphy, and Reggie Brown, based in Santa Monica, California. The company developed and maintains technological products and services, namely Snapchat, Spectacles, Bitmoji, and SnapBoost. The company was named Snapchat Inc. at its inception, but it was rebranded Snap Inc. on September 24, 2016, to include the Spectacles product under the company name.
Gary Bennett (educator)
Gary G. Bennett Jr. is the Bishop-MacDermott Family Professor of Psychology & Neuroscience, Global Health and Medicine at Duke University. In November 2022, he was appointed Dean of Trinity College of Arts and Sciences, effective February 2023.

Trinity College of Arts and Sciences
The Trinity College of Arts and Sciences is the undergraduate liberal arts college of Duke University. Founded in 1838, it is the original school of the university. Currently, Trinity is one of five undergraduate degree programs at Duke, the others being the Edmund T. Pratt School of Engineering, Nicholas School of the Environment, School of Nursing, and Duke Kunshan University.

At Duke, Arts & Sciences is the collective name of all educational programs, research programs, and faculty in the humanities, social sciences, and the natural sciences at Duke, inclusive of undergraduate programs and many degree programs in Duke's Graduate School.

The division's unusual dual name may reflect the fact that it is responsible for undergraduate education (through Trinity College) and graduate education and research (Arts and Sciences).
English ship Maidstone (1654)
HMS Maidstone was a 40-gun fourth-rate frigate of the Royal Navy, originally built for the navy of the Commonwealth of England at Woodbridge, Suffolk and launched in 1654. Following the 1660 Stuart Restoration, her name was changed to HMS Mary Rose. By 1677 the ships armament was increased to 48 guns. She was used in the Anglo-Dutch Wars and the War of the Grand Alliance.  John Kempthorne commanded her in 1669, and fought off an attack by seven Algerian corsair ships in the aftermath of the Battle of Cádiz. Thomas Hamilton commanded the Mary Rose between 1673 and 1675. Mary Rose was captured by the French in 1691.

Woodbridge, Suffolk
Woodbridge is a port town and civil parish in the East Suffolk district of Suffolk, England. It is 8 miles (13 km) up the River Deben from the sea. It lies 7 miles (11 km) north-east of Ipswich and around 74 miles (119 km) north-east of London. In 2011 it had a population of 7,749.

The town is close to some major archaeological sites of the Anglo-Saxon period, including the Sutton Hoo burial ship. It is well known for its boating harbour and tide mill next to the River Deben, in the Suffolk & Essex Coast & Heaths National Landscape. Several festivals are held. As a "gem in Suffolk's crown" (according to The Suffolk Coast tourist site) it has been named the best place to live in the East of England.
Eleousa Monastery, Achaea
The Eleousa Monastery (Greek: Μονή Αγίας Ελεούσης) is an Orthodox female Monastery dedicated to the Nativity of the Theotokos.

It is located at an altitude of approximately 610 meters in the northeastern foothills of Panahaiko, near the southern ends of Ziria, its tributary. It is located on the southern road, which leads from Agios Vasileios, Rio to Kamares, between the villages of Pititsa, Voteni and the settlements of Salmeniko. Access is very easy by car.

Kamares, Achaea
Kamares (Greek: Καμάρες) is a village and a community in the east-northeastern part of Achaea, Greece. Kamares was an independent commune until 1994 when it became part of the municipality of Erineos. Erineos became part of the municipality Aigialeia in 2011. The community Kamares consists of the villages Kamares, Bouka and Pefka. Kamares is situated near the Gulf of Corinth, 9 km northwest of Aigio. The Greek National Road 8A (Patras - Corinth) and the railway from Patras to Corinth (not in operation anymore since OSE announced the suspension of all the rail service in the Peloponnese in January 2011) run through the village.
Herbert William Garratt
Herbert William Garratt (8 June 1864 – 25 September 1913) was an English mechanical engineer and the inventor of the Garratt system of articulated locomotives.

Garratt began his engineering career by serving an apprenticeship under John Carter Park, locomotive superintendent of the North London Railway, from 1879 to 1882 at the Bow works. He gained further experience at Doxford's marine engineering works in Sunderland and later as an inspector for Sir Charles Fox and Sir Alexander Rendel. Garratt joined the Argentine Central Railway in 1889, where he became Locomotive Superintendent in 1892, and between 1900 and 1906 he worked for railways in Cuba, Lagos and Lima (Peru). In 1902, Garratt was elected to membership of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. He returned to England in 1906, taking on a role inspecting locomotives built for the New South Wales Government Railways by British manufacturers.

Marine engineering
Marine engineering is the engineering of watercrafts, ocean systems, and ocean structures. After completing this degree, one can join a ship as an officer in the engine department and eventually rise to the rank of chief engineer. This rank is one of the top ranks onboard and is equal to the rank of a ship's captain. Marine engineering is the highly preferred course to join the merchant Navy as an officer, as it provides ample opportunities in terms of both afloat and ashore jobs.

Marine engineering applies a number of engineering sciences, including mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, electronic engineering, and computer Engineering, to the development, design, operation and maintenance of watercraft propulsion and ocean systems. It includes but is not limited to power and propulsion plants, machinery, piping, automation and control systems for marine vehicles of any kind, as well as coastal and offshore structures.
Lower Swansea valley
The Lower Swansea Valley (Welsh: Cwm Tawe Isaf) is the lower half of the valley of the River Tawe in south Wales. It runs from approximately the level of Clydach down to Swansea docks, where it opens into Swansea Bay and the Bristol Channel. This relatively small area was a focus of industrial innovation and invention during the Industrial Revolution, leading to a transformation of the landscape and a rapid rise in the population and economy of Swansea.

Today the area is in the final stages of regeneration. Modern Industrial units and housing has replaced the pollution of the metallurgical industry and the area is now the home of Championship football club Swansea City A.F.C. and Welsh Rugby Union region Ospreys.
Railway lines which criss-crossed the valley have now been replaced by pleasant walking and cycling paths and the River Tawe now hosts canoeists instead of copper barges.

Swansea Bay
Swansea Bay (Welsh: Bae Abertawe) is a bay on the southern coast of Wales. The River Neath, River Tawe, River Afan, River Kenfig and Clyne River flow into the bay. Swansea Bay and the upper reaches of the Bristol Channel experience a large tidal range. The shipping ports in Swansea Bay are Swansea Docks, Port Talbot Docks and Briton Ferry wharves.

Each stretch of beach within the bay has its own name:

Aberavon Beach

Baglan Bay

Jersey Marine Beach

Swansea Beach

Mumbles Beach
2016 Philippine Super Liga season
The 2016 Philippine Super Liga season was the fourth season of the Philippine Super Liga (PSL). The season started with the return of the Invitational Cup, followed by the All-Filipino and the Grand Prix conferences. The second edition of the Beach Volleyball Challenge Cup was also held.

The PSL was also chosen to organize two international volleyball tournaments for the year - the 2016 Asian Women's Club Volleyball Championship and the 2016 FIVB Volleyball Women's Club World Championship - both of which were staged in the Philippines.

Larong Volleyball sa Pilipinas
Larong Volleyball sa Pilipinas, Inc.  (lit. Volleyball Sport in the Philippines) was the national sport association for volleyball in the Philippines between 2015 and January 2021. It was recognized by the Philippine Olympic Committee (POC), the Philippine Sports Commission (PSC), the Asian Volleyball Confederation (AVC) and provisionally recognized by the International Volleyball Federation (FIVB). In 2021, the newly formed Philippine National Volleyball Federation became recognized by the POC, AVC and FIVB as the national sport association for volleyball in the Philippines.
Sheri Graner Ray
Sheri Graner Ray is an American computer game designer. Active since 1990, she has worked for such companies as Electronic Arts, Origin Systems, Sony Online Entertainment, and Cartoon Network, and has worked on such licenses as Star Wars Galaxies, Ultima, and Nancy Drew. She is author of the book Gender Inclusive Game Design-Expanding the Market and is the computer game industry's leading expert on the subject of gender and computer games.

The Hollywood Reporter named Ray one of the 100 most influential women in the video game industry in 2004. In 2005 she received the International Game Developers Association Award for Community Contribution at the Game Developers Choice Awards for her work on women's interests in the video game industry. She served as Chair of the Steering Committee for Women In Games International, a non-profit organization she co-founded.

She currently lives in Austin, Texas with her husband, Tim.

Ultima (series)
Ultima is a series of open world fantasy role-playing video games from Origin Systems, created by Richard Garriott. Electronic Arts has owned the brand since 1992. The series had sold over 2 million copies by 1997.

Alongside Wizardry and Might and Magic, the Ultima series is considered to have established many norms of the computer role-playing game genre. Several games of the series are considered seminal in their genre. Their innovations, particularly in the early installments, were widely copied by other games.

The Ultima games are primarily within the scope of fantasy fiction but contain science fiction elements as well. They take place for the most part in a world called Britannia; the recurring hero is initially called the Stranger, until he attains the role of Avatar in Ultima IV and is known by that appellation from then on.
Camp Hill, Glenn Springs, South Carolina
Camp Hill, near Spartanburg, South Carolina, is the site of a plantation house built by Dr. John Winsmith in 1835. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970.

It had originally been the camp site of British Major Patrick Ferguson prior to the Battle of Kings Mountain, October 17, 1780.  This was an important Patriot victory in the Southern campaign of the American Revolutionary War. Frontier militia overwhelmed the Loyalist militia led by Major Ferguson.  In The Winning of the West, Theodore Roosevelt wrote of Kings Mountain, "This brilliant victory marked the turning point of the American Revolution."

Patrick Ferguson
Major Patrick Ferguson (1744 – 7 October 1780) was a British Army officer who designed the Ferguson rifle. He is best known for his service in the 1780 military campaign of Charles Cornwallis during the American Revolutionary War in the Carolinas, in which he played a great effort in recruiting American Loyalists to serve in his militia against the Patriots.

Ultimately, his activities and military actions led to a Patriot militia force mustered to put an end to his force of Loyalists, and he was killed in the Battle of Kings Mountain, at the border between the colonies of North Carolina and South Carolina. Leading a group of Loyalists whom he had recruited, he was the only regular army officer participating on either side of the conflict.  The victorious Patriot forces desecrated his body in the aftermath of the battle.
Annemarie Selinko
Annemarie Selinko (1 September 1914 – 28 July 1986) was an Austrian novelist who wrote a number of best-selling books in German from the 1930s through the 1950s. Although she had been based in Germany, in 1939 at the start of World War II she took refuge in Denmark with her Danish husband, but then in 1943, they again became refugees, this time to Sweden.

Many of her novels have been adapted into movies and all have been translated into numerous languages. Her last work Désirée (1951) was about Désirée Clary, the one-time fiancée of Napoleon Bonaparte and later Queen of Sweden and Norway. It is dedicated to her sister Liselotte, who was murdered by the Nazis. Translated into 25 languages, in 1954 it was turned into a major Hollywood film starring Marlon Brando and Jean Simmons.

Jean Simmons
Jean Merilyn Simmons (31 January 1929 – 22 January 2010) was a British actress and singer. One of J. Arthur Rank's "well-spoken young starlets", she appeared predominantly in films, beginning with those made in Britain during and after the Second World War, followed mainly by Hollywood films from 1950 onwards.

Simmons was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for Hamlet (1948), and won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress for Guys and Dolls (1955). Among her other films were Great Expectations (1946), Black Narcissus (1947), The Blue Lagoon (1949), So Long at the Fair (1950), Angel Face (1953), Young Bess (1953), The Robe (1953), The Big Country (1958), Elmer Gantry (1960), Spartacus (1960), and  The Happy Ending (1969), for which she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress. She also won an Emmy Award for the miniseries The Thorn Birds (1983).
Broussard v. School Board of Norfolk
Broussard v. School Board of Norfolk, 801 F. Supp. 1526 (E.D. Va. 1992) was a court case that took place in Norfolk, Virginia, United States in 1992.  Kimberly Broussard, a middle school student was disciplined by the Norfolk Public Schools for wearing a t-shirt that read "Drugs Suck". When her parents sued on her behalf, her lawyer claimed that her shirt was a form of free speech protected by the First Amendment of the United States Constitution and the Tinker Standard. The United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia ruled in favor of the school board, saying that although the shirt displayed an anti-drug message, the word "suck" was a vulgar word with a sexual connotation and therefore not allowed in school.

Connotation
A connotation is a commonly understood cultural or emotional association that any given word or phrase carries, in addition to its explicit or literal meaning, which is its denotation.

A connotation is frequently described as either positive or negative, with regard to its pleasing or displeasing emotional connection. For example, a stubborn person may be described as being either strong-willed or pig-headed; although these have the same literal meaning (stubborn), strong-willed connotes admiration for the level of someone's will (a positive connotation), while pig-headed connotes frustration in dealing with someone (a negative connotation).