hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jolo Group of Volcanoes
The Jolo Group of Volcanoes, more commonly referred to as the Jolo Group, are an active group of volcanoes on the island of Jolo in Southern Philippines. The Global Volcanism Program lists Jolo as one of the active volcanoes in the Philippines. The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) collectively lists the group under Bud Dajo, one of the cinder cones on the island.

Global Volcanism Program
The Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program (GVP) documents Earth's volcanoes and their eruptive history during the Quaternary Period of Earth's geologic history, with particular emphasis on volcanic activity during the Holocene Epoch (the last 11,700 years). The mission of the GVP is to document, understand, and disseminate information about global volcanic activity.
RCAF Station Weyburn
RCAF Station Weyburn was located 2.2 nautical miles (4.1 km; 2.5 mi) north-east of Weyburn, Saskatchewan, Canada at the hamlet of North Weyburn and was constructed in 1941 by the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) as part of the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan. The Station was home to No. 41 Service Flying Training School and during its operation graduated 1,055 pilots and recorded more than 180,000 hours of flight time before being abandoned on 30 June 1944.

British Commonwealth Air Training Plan
The British Commonwealth Air Training Plan (BCATP), often referred to as simply "The Plan", was a large-scale multinational military aircrew training program created by the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and New Zealand during the Second World War. The BCATP remains one of the single largest aviation training programs in history and was responsible for training nearly half the pilots, navigators, bomb aimers, air gunners, wireless operators and flight engineers who served with the Royal Air Force (RAF), Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm (FAA), Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF), Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) and Royal New Zealand Air Force (RNZAF) during the war.

Trainees from many other countries attended schools under the Plan, including Rhodesia, Argentina, Belgium, Ceylon, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, Fiji, Free France, Greece, the Netherlands, Newfoundland, Norway, Poland, and the United States.

Canada was chosen as the primary location for the BCATP's training operations.
Mørkenatten Peak
Mørkenatten Peak (71°52′S 10°34′E﻿ / ﻿71.867°S 10.567°E﻿ / -71.867; 10.567) is a peak, 2,515 metres (8,250 ft) high, located 1 nautical mile (2 km) south of Chervov Peak in the Shcherbakov Range of the Orvin Mountains, in Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. It was mapped by Norway from air photos and surveys by the Sixth Norwegian Antarctic Expedition 1956–60, and named "Mørkenatten" (the dark night).

Shcherbakov Range
71°51′S 10°32′E﻿ / ﻿71.850°S 10.533°E﻿ / -71.850; 10.533

Shcherbakov Range is a mountain range trending north–south for 20 miles (32 km), standing immediately east of Mount Dallmann where it marks the east extremity of the Orvin Mountains, in Queen Maud Land. Discovered and plotted from air photos by German Antarctic Expedition, 1938–39. Mapped from air photos and surveys by Norwegian Antarctic Expedition, 1956–60; remapped by Soviet Antarctic Expedition, 1960–61, and named after Soviet scientist D.I. Shcherbakov (d.1966).
Dennis Soga
Dennis William Soga (13 May 1917 — 22 September 2003) was a South African first-class cricketer and rugby union player.

The son of the physician Alexander Robert Bogue Soga, he was born in May 1917 at Elliotdale, Cape Province. With family connections to Scotland, Soga was educated there at Selkirk High School. Playing his club cricket for Selkirk, Soga was selected to play for the Scottish cricket team against Ireland at Edinburgh in 1936. Batting from the middle order, he was dismissed in the Scottish first innings for a single run by James Graham, while in their second innings he was dismissed for 24 runs by Eddie Ingram. In addition to playing cricket, Soga also played rugby union for Selkirk RFC. Soga later returned to South Africa, where he became a dentist. He died there at East London in September 2003. His great-grandfather was Tiyo Soga, the first black South African to be ordained.

Eddie Ingram
Edward Ingram (14 August 1910 – 13 March 1973) was an Irish cricketer. A right-handed batsman and right-arm medium pace/leg spin bowler, he played 48 times for the Ireland cricket team between 1928 and 1953 including nineteen first-class matches. He also played county cricket for Middlesex, playing twelve times between 1938 and 1949.
Trzcianka railway station
Trzcianka railway station is a railway station serving the town of Trzcianka, in the Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland. The station opened in 1851 and is located on the Tczew–Kostrzyn railway. The train services are operated by PKP and Przewozy Regionalne.

Trzcianka
Trzcianka ([ˈtʂt͡ɕaŋka]; German: Schönlanke) is a town in the Greater Poland region in northwestern Poland, in the Czarnków-Trzcianka County, in the Greater Poland Voivodeship. In May 2007, Trzcianka had 17,131 inhabitants. Trzcianka is located on the Trzcianka River, and three lakes, Sarcze, Okunie and Długie, are located within the town limits.
Ch'oe U
Ch'oe U (Korean: 최우; Hanja: 崔瑀; 1166 – 10 December 1249), also known as Ch'oe I (최이; 崔怡), was a military ruler and official during the later Goryeo period, serving in various positions such as  Assistant Executive in Political Affairs, the minister of personnel and war, and Censorate superintendent. Ch'oe U's posthumous title was Kwangnyŏl (匡烈). His exact birth year is unknown, but he died in 1249 . His ancestral seat was Ubong, now known as Gimcheon in Hwanghae Province. Ch'oe U was the son of Ch'oe Ch'unghŏn. After Ch'oe Ch'unghŏn died in 1219, Ch'oe U ruled the Ch'oe military regime until 1249, becoming the second ruler of the Ch'oe family's military government. His first name was Ch'oe U, but he later changed it to Ch'oe I. During his rule, Goryeo faced many hardships, including the Mongol invasion of Korea, which led to the relocation of the capital from Gaegyeong to Ganghwa Island.

Hwanghae Province
Hwanghae Province (Hwanghae-do [hwa̠ŋ.ɦɛ.do̞]) was one of the Eight Provinces of Korea during the Joseon era. Hwanghae was located in the northwest of Korea. The provincial capital was Haeju. The regional name for the province was  Haeseo (Korean: 해서). It is a region of Korea that occupies what is now North Hwanghae and South Hwanghae provinces of North Korea, as well as Baengnyeong Island and Ongjin County of South Korea.
Suwa Shrine (Tottori)
Suwa Jinja (諏訪神社) is a Shinto shrine in Chizu, Tottori Prefecture, Japan. Known from the time of the Mongol invasions, the shrine is celebrated for its Zelkova and momiji. The Honden dates to 1832. The Onbashira Festival, held in the Year of the Tiger and Year of the Rooster, sees pillars of Japanese cedar carried through the town.

Mongol invasions of Japan
Major military efforts were taken by Kublai Khan of the Yuan dynasty in 1274 and 1281 to conquer the Japanese archipelago after the submission of the Korean kingdom of Goryeo to vassaldom. Ultimately a failure, the invasion attempts are of macro-historical importance because they set a limit on Mongol expansion and rank as nation-defining events in the history of Japan. The invasions are referred to in many works of fiction and are the origin of the word kamikaze (神風  "divine wind"), first used to describe the typhoons that destroyed the Mongol invasion fleets in the 13th century. The term was later adopted in the 20th century to describe Japanese pilots who deliberately crashed their aircraft into enemy warships during the last years of World War II.

The invasions were one of the earliest cases of gunpowder warfare outside of China. One of the most notable technological innovations during the war was the use of explosive, hand-thrown bombs.
Holy Trinity monastery
Holy Trinity monastery is the title of several Christian monasteries, including 
(sorted by the country):

Holy Trinity Monastery Church, Pepel, Albania

Etropole Monastery of the Holy Trinity (AKA Varovitets), near Etropole, Bulgaria

Patriarchal Monastery of the Holy Trinity, a monastery near Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria

Lintula Holy Trinity Convent, Finland

Monastery of the Holy Trinity, Meteora, Greece

Holy Trinity Abbey, Lough Key, Ireland

Church and monastery of the Holy Trinity, Vilnius, Lithuania

Monastery of the Holy Trinity of Pljevlja, Montenegro

Holy Trinity Monastery (Strâmba), Romania

Saharna Monastery of the Holy Trinity, Romania

Trinity-St. Sergius Lavra, about 90 km north-east of Moscow, Russia

Monastery of the Holy Trinity, Kikinda, Serbia

Holy Trinity Monastery (Jordanville, New York), United States

Holy Trinity Monastery, East Hendred, a monastery of nuns in Oxfordshire, United Kingdom

Abraham's Oak Holy Trinity Monastery, West Bank

Holy Trinity Monastery, East Hendred
Holy Trinity Monastery, East Hendred was briefly a convent of contemplative Benedictine nuns situated in the Vale of White Horse, Oxfordshire, from 2004 to 2012, forming part of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Portsmouth. In late May 2012 the community of two relocated to Howton Grove, Wormbridge, Herefordshire, where it became part of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cardiff. The community retained its dedication to the Most Holy Trinity but, following Benedictine custom, it also became known by the name of the locality to which it had moved, and therefore called Howton Grove Priory.
Cole Twins
The Cole Twins were a professional wrestling tag team consisting of twin brothers Kent and Keith Cole. They competed in North American regional and independent promotions, however the twins were best known for their stint in World Championship Wrestling during the early 1990s. During their time in WCW, they feuded with several tag teams including Tex Slazenger and Shanghai Pierce, The Wrecking Crew (Rage and Fury), Harlem Heat (Booker T and Stevie Ray) and The Hollywood Blonds (Brian Pillman and Steve Austin).

WCW Power Hour
WCW Power Hour (originally NWA Power Hour) was the original Friday-night wrestling show for World Championship Wrestling (WCW), airing on TBS from June 23, 1989 to March 5, 1994.

Unlike most television (and wrestling) shows that started their program either at the top or bottom of the hour, WCW Power Hour aired 10 minutes before the bottom of the hour at 10:20 p.m.  In Summer 1990 when it was moved to Saturday mornings, it adopted a more traditional television time slot. The rights to WCW Power Hour now belong to WWE. Jim Ross and Jim Cornette were the original hosts and commentators of the show.
Thomas McKay (Canadian politician)
Thomas McKay (January 8, 1839 – January 13, 1912) was a Canadian politician.

Born in Pictou County, Nova Scotia, the son of William McKay, who emigrated from Sutherland, Scotland, McKay was educated in Pictou. In 1868, he married Jessie Blair. A merchant, he was first elected to the House of Commons of Canada for Colchester in the 1874 general election. Unseated on petition in November 1874, he was re-elected and again in 1878. He resigned in June 1881 and was called to the Senate on the advice of John Alexander Macdonald on December 24, 1881 representing the senatorial division of Truro, Nova Scotia. A Liberal-Conservative, he served for 37 years until his death in 1912 in Truro.

Pictou
Pictou (/ˈpɪktoʊ/ PIK-toh; Canadian Gaelic: Baile Phiogto; Mi'kmaq: Piktuk) is a town in Pictou County, in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. Located on the north shore of Pictou Harbour, the town is approximately 10 km (6 miles) north of the larger town of New Glasgow.

Once an active shipping port and the shire town of the county, today Pictou is primarily a local service centre for surrounding rural communities and the primary tourist destination in this region of Nova Scotia.

The name Pictou derives from the Mi'kmaq name Piktuk, meaning 'explosive place', a reference to the river of pitch that was found in the area, or perhaps from methane bubbling up from coal seams below the harbour. The surrounding region formed one part of the Mi'kmaw district Epekwitk aq Piktuk, one of the seven districts of Mi'kma'ki.
Persson Island
Persson Island is an island 1.5 nautical miles (2.8 km) long, lying in the entrance to Rohss Bay on the southwest side of James Ross Island. Discovered by the Swedish Antarctic Expedition under Nordenskjold, 1901–04, and named by him for Nils Persson, a patron of the expedition.

Röhss Bay
Röhss Bay (64°12′S 58°16′W﻿ / ﻿64.200°S 58.267°W﻿ / -64.200; -58.267﻿ (Röhss Bay)) is a bay 11 nautical miles (20 km; 13 mi) wide, between Cape Broms and Cape Obelisk on the southwest side of James Ross Island, Antarctica.
Henry R. Durand
Henry R. Durand (1855–1932) born in Atlanta was president and general manager of the H. R. Durand Restaurant Company, which ran Durand's restaurant at Atlanta's Union Station. In 1919, he was also a director of the Atlanta National Bank.

In 1895, his residence was at 195 Crew Street in the Washington-Rawson neighborhood.

Atlanta Union Station (1871)
Atlanta's second Union Station was built in 1871 on the site of the 1853 station, burned in mid November 1864 when Federal forces left Atlanta for the March to the Sea. It was built in Second Empire style, designed by architect Max Corput. It was located at what is now Wall Street between Pryor Street and Central (now Shirley C. Franklin Ave). Its eastern corner for many years held the original Zero Mile Marker, which has since been moved to the Atlanta History Center.

It was replaced by the 1930 Union Station three blocks northwest and one block southwest.

As of 2011, a parking structure is located on the site of the 1853 and 1871 stations.
Ella's Americana Folk Art Cafe
Ella's Americana Folk Art Cafe was a restaurant and bar in the Seminole Heights section of Tampa, Florida. Ernie Locke and Melissa Deming opened it in 2009. It is decorated with artwork from regional artists, hosts live music on the weekends, and serves Soul Food on Sundays. It is also known for its chocolate bacon bars. It is part of a group of notable restaurants in Seminole Heights that includes The Refinery (twice nominated for a James Beard Award) and the Independent (restaurant). The restaurant closed in September, 2024. It was located at 5119 North Nebraska Avenue.

Seminole Heights
Seminole Heights is a historic neighborhood and district located in central Tampa. It is bounded on the west by Florida Avenue, on the north by Hanna Avenue, on the east by Interstate 275 and on the south by Osborne Avenue.  It includes many early 20th century bungalow homes and historic buildings. It was an early residential area of Tampa connected by streetcar. The area had an economic downturn in the late 20th century marked by increased crime, but has since seen a resurgence with new restaurants, brew pubs and independent businesses opening up. The neighborhood's historic homes, eclectic shops and gourmet restaurants are an increasing draw.

As of the 2000 census, the district had a population of 24,567.
Operation Chameleon (Peru)
Operation Chameleon (Spanish: Operación Camaleón) was an anti-terrorist operation carried out on August 11, 2013, by the Peruvian Armed Forces and the Peruvian National Police that resulted in the death of Alejandro Borda Casafranca (Comrade Alipio), number two of the remnants of the Shining Path and Martín Antonio Quispe Palomino (Comrade Gabriel).

Peruvian Armed Forces
The Peruvian Armed Forces (Spanish: Fuerzas Armadas del Perú) are the military services of Peru, comprising independent Army, Navy and Air Force components. Their primary mission is to safeguard the country's independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity against any threat. As a secondary mission they participate in economic and social development as well as in civil defence tasks.

The National Police of Peru is often classified as a part of the armed forces. Although in fact it has a different organisation and a wholly civil mission, its training and activities over more than two decades as an anti-terrorist force have produced markedly military characteristics, giving it the appearance of a virtual fourth military service with significant land, sea and air capabilities and approximately 140,000 personnel. The Peruvian armed forces report through the Ministry of Defence, while the National Police of Peru report through the Ministry of Interior.
Operation Five Stones
Operation Five Stones was a four-day Israeli military operation in the northern West Bank that lasted from 26 to 29 November 2025. It focused on combatting Palestinian militants in an area of Tubas Governorate dubbed the "Pentagon of Villages": Tubas, Tammun, the al-Fara'a camp, Aqaba, and Tayasir. While some sources described the operation as an extension of Israel's large-scale "Iron Wall" operation, the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) said it was not and referred to it as a new and distinct operation.

Tubas Governorate
The Tubas Governorate (Arabic: محافظة طوباس, romanized: Muḥāfaẓat Ṭūbās) is an administrative district of Palestine, in the northeastern West Bank. Its district capital or muhfaza is the city of Tubas. In 2007, the population was 50,267, raising to 60,927 in 2017.
National Petrochemical Company
The National Petrochemical Company (NPC) (Persian: شرکت ملی صنایع پتروشیمی, Sherkat-e Melli-ye Sanāye'-e Petroshimi), a subsidiary to the Iranian Petroleum Ministry, is owned by the government of the Islamic Republic of Iran. It is responsible for the development and operation of the country's petrochemical sector. Founded in 1964, NPC began its activities by operating a small fertilizer plant in Shiraz.

Two special economic zones on the northern coast of the Persian Gulf have been developed to be home to the NPC's new project. These two zones enjoy a good access to feedstock, infrastructural facilities, local and international markets and skilled manpower. Despite pressure being exerted on the Islamic Republic over its nuclear program, Tehran expects to see a surge in petrochemical exports from $5.5 billion in 2007 to a total of nearly $9 billion in 2008. The Fourth Five-Year Plan (2005–10) calls for a fourfold expansion of petrochemical output, to 56 million tons per year.

Polyvinyl chloride
Polyvinyl chloride (alternatively: poly(vinyl chloride), colloquial: vinyl or polyvinyl; abbreviated: PVC) is the world's third-most widely produced synthetic polymer of plastic (after polyethylene and polypropylene). About 40 million tons of PVC are produced each year.

PVC comes in rigid (sometimes abbreviated as RPVC) and flexible forms. Rigid PVC is used in construction for pipes, doors and windows. It is also used in making plastic bottles, packaging, and bank or membership cards. Adding plasticizers makes PVC softer and more flexible. It is used in plumbing, electrical cable insulation, flooring, signage, phonograph records, inflatable products, and in rubber substitutes. With cotton or linen, it is used in the production of canvas.

Polyvinyl chloride is a white, brittle solid. It is soluble in ketones, chlorinated solvents, dimethylformamide, THF and DMAc.
United States Nordic Combined Championships 2009
The United States Nordic Combined Championships 2009 took place on October 11, 2008 in Lake Placid, New York. Johnny Spillane won the race, earning his first Nordic combined national title.

Canadian athlete Jason Myslicki, raced together with the Americans and finished in fifth place.

Johnny Spillane
Johnny Spillane (born November 24, 1980) is an American athlete who competes in Nordic combined, a combination event consisting of ski jumping and cross-country skiing. Spillane is a world champion and three-time Olympic silver medalist. He announced his retirement from Nordic combined on April 18, 2013.
Walter and Eva Burgess Farm
The Walter and Eva Burgess Farm was a historic farm at 257 Shaw Road in the rural southwestern part of Dover-Foxcroft, Maine known as Macomber Corner.  The main farmstead, including a house and barn, were built in 1914 after the 19th-century farmstead was destroyed by fire.  The property represented a virtually intact and well-preserved early 20th-century farmstead of rural Maine, and was stylistically distinctive because not very much new farm construction took place at that time in the state.  The farm was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997. This farmstead, including the historic house and barn, was destroyed by fire in 2013.  It was removed from the National Register in 2015.

Dover-Foxcroft, Maine
Dover-Foxcroft is the largest town in and the seat of Piscataquis County, Maine, United States. The population was 4,422 at the 2020 census. The town is located near the geographic center of the state.  It contains a census-designated place of the same name.
Te Mārama
Te Mārama was most likely a Māori woman possibly from one of the Muriwhenua iwi (tribes) in northern New Zealand.

Te Mārama signed the Treaty of Waitangi on an unknown date, but it was probably in the Bay of Islands. She was one of a select few of Māori women who signed the treaty.

Bay of Islands
The Bay of Islands (Māori: Te Pēwhairangi) is an area on the east coast of the Far North District of the North Island of New Zealand. It is one of the most popular fishing, sailing and tourist destinations in the country, and has been renowned internationally for its big-game fishing since American author Zane Grey publicised it in the 1930s. It is 60 km (37 mi) north-west of the city of Whangārei. Cape Reinga, at the northern tip of the country, is about 210 km (130 mi) by road further to the north-west.
ATT&CK
The Adversarial Tactics, Techniques, and Common Knowledge (ATT&CK) is a guideline for classifying and describing cyberattacks and intrusions. It was created by the Mitre Corporation and released in 2013.

Rather than examining the results of an attack (also known as indicators of compromise (IoCs)), it identifies tactics that indicate an attack is in progress. Tactics are the “why” of an attack technique.

The framework consists of 14 tactic categories, which encompass the "technical objectives" of an adversary. Examples include privilege escalation and command and control. These categories are then broken down further into specific techniques and sub-techniques.

The framework is an alternative to the cyber kill chain developed by Lockheed Martin.

Privilege escalation
Privilege escalation is the act of exploiting a bug, a design flaw, or a configuration oversight in an operating system or software application to gain elevated access to resources that are normally protected from an application or user. The result is that an application or user with more privileges than intended by the application developer or system administrator can perform unauthorized actions.