hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Maurice Grammont
Maurice Grammont (15 April 1866, in Damprichard – 17 October 1946, in Montpellier) was a French linguist.

He studied linguistics in Paris as a student of Michel Bréal, Arsène Darmesteter, Jules Gilliéron, Gaston Paris and Ferdinand de Saussure. Also, he studied Indo-European languages in Germany; at Freiburg as a pupil of Rudolf Thurneysen and at the University of Berlin under Johannes Schmidt. From 1892 taught classes in linguistics, Gothic and Lithuanian at the Faculty of Letters in Dijon. In 1895 he was appointed chair of grammar and philology at the Faculty of Letters in Montpellier, where he remained up until his retirement in 1939.

In 1904/05 he founded the laboratory of experimental phonetics at the University of Montpellier. He also worked as editor of the journal Revue des langues romanes.

Michel Bréal
Michel Jules Alfred Bréal (French: [miʃɛl bʁeal]; 26 March 1832 – 25 November 1915), French philologist, was born at Landau in Rhenish Palatinate. He is often identified as a founder of modern semantics. He was also the creator of the modern marathon race, having proposed its first running at the 1896 Olympic Games and offered what would become known as Breal's Silver Cup to the winner.
Academy of American Studies
The Academy of American Studies is a public high school in Long Island City, Queens, New York, which was founded in 1996 by the New York City Board of Education and the Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History. In June 2022, the school had approximately 1200 students;

The school gives preference to Queens applicants in the admissions process through a priority system, and it is not to be confused with the High School of American Studies at Lehman College, a specialized high school in the Bronx. Academy of American Studies is a semi-screened school, and thus does not require students to take the SHSAT for admission.

The school was moved into a new building in February 2022.

Secondary education in the United States
Secondary education is the last six or seven years of statutory formal education in the United States. It reaches the climax with twelfth grade (age 17–18). Whether it begins with sixth grade (age 11–12) or seventh grade (age 12–13) varies by state and sometimes by school district.

Secondary education in the United States occurs in two phases. The first, as classified by the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED), is the lower secondary phase, either called a middle school or junior high school. A middle school is for students sixth grade, seventh grade and eighth grade and a junior high school is only for students in seventh and eighth grade.

The second is the ISCED upper secondary phase, a high school or senior high school for students ninth grade through twelfth grade. There is some debate over the optimum age of transfer, and variation in some states; also, middle school often includes grades that are almost always considered primary school.
Brasschaat
Brasschaat (Dutch pronunciation: [brɑˈsxaːt] ⓘ) is a municipality located in Flanders, one of the three regions of Belgium, and in the Flemish province of Antwerp. The municipality only comprises the town of Brasschaat proper. In November 2006, Brasschaat won the LivCom-Award 2006 for the most livable municipality in the world.

Flemish Region
The Flemish Region (Dutch: Vlaams Gewest, pronounced [ˌvlaːms xəˈʋɛst] ⓘ), usually simply referred to as Flanders (Dutch: Vlaanderen [ˈvlaːndərə(n)] ⓘ), is one of the three regions of Belgium—alongside the Walloon Region and the Brussels-Capital Region. Covering the northern portion of the country, the Flemish Region is primarily Dutch-speaking. With an area of 13,626 km2 (5,261 sq mi), it accounts for only 45% of Belgium's territory, but 58% of its population. It is one of the most densely populated regions of Europe with around 500/km2 (1,300/sq mi).

The Flemish Region is distinct from the Flemish Community: the latter encompasses both the inhabitants of the Flemish Region and the Dutch-speaking minority living in the Brussels-Capital Region. It borders the Netherlands and France.
Australia national quadball team
The Australian national quadball team, known as the Dropbears, is the representative national team in the sport of quadball for Australia. The team made history in 2016 when it won the 2016 IQA World Cup, becoming the first non-United States Quidditch World Champions.

Australia made its international debut in 2012 at the IQA Summer Games in Oxford, UK, and is one of only 4 national teams to have competed in all 6 IQA World Cups. Until 2025, the Dropbears were the only team to ever beat the  United States at an international level, and after beating them at the 2025 World Cup to win bronze, are the only team to beat the USA twice.

The team is regulated by Quadball Australia and is a national member of the International Quadball Association.

2016 IQA World Cup
The 2016 IQA World Cup is the third edition of the IQA World Cup, the international quidditch championship organized by the International Quidditch Association. It was held in Frankfurt, Germany on 23–24 July 2016. Australia won the cup 150*–130 against the United States; the latter team had won all the previous editions. 21 nations competed, including Australia, Canada, Ireland, and the United Kingdom. A crowdfunding campaign aimed to send the Ugandan team as the first-ever African nation to compete internationally. However, the team members failed to obtain a German visa and withdrew from the competition. The Peruvian team also withdrew before the competition due to a lack of funds. A documentary entitled Fly the Movie: Journey to Frankfurt followed the British team in their preparation before the cup.
Five-Odd
Five-Odd is an anthology of science fiction novelettes edited by Groff Conklin. It was first published in paperback by Pyramid Books in August 1964; it was reprinted in June 1971. The first British edition was published under the alternate title Possible Tomorrows in hardcover by Sidgwick & Jackson in June 1972; a paperback edition was issued by Coronet under the same title in September 1973. It was later gathered together with the Donald A. Wollheim-edited anthology Trilogy of the Future into the omnibus anthology Science Fiction Special 9 (Sidgwick & Jackson, April 1974).

The book collects one novella, three novelettes and one short story by various science fiction authors, together with an introduction by the editor. The stories were previously published from 1954-1961 in various science fiction magazines.

Donald A. Wollheim
Donald Allen Wollheim (October 1, 1914 – November 2, 1990) was an American science fiction editor, publisher, writer, and fan. As an author, he published under his own name as well as under pseudonyms, including David Grinnell, Martin Pearson, and Darrell G. Raynor. A founding member of the Futurians, he was a leading influence on science fiction development and fandom in the 20th-century United States. Ursula K. Le Guin called Wollheim "the tough, reliable editor of Ace Books, in the Late Pulpalignean Era, 1966 and '67", which is when he published her first two novels in Ace Double editions.
Grand Prince Hotel Takanawa
The Grand Prince Hotel Takanawa (グランドプリンスホテル高輪) is a complex of three hotels (Grand Prince Hotel Takanawa, Grand Prince Hotel Shin Takanawa, and The Prince Sakura Tower Tokyo, Autograph Collection) designed by architect Togo Murano in 1982, and situated in the Takanawa district of Minato, Tokyo, Japan. The hotel was originally established as the Takanawa Prince Hotel in 1953.

The three hotels, effectively managed as one, are situated in a 10-acre (40,000 m2) garden which formerly belonged to Takeda Palace of Prince Tsuneyoshi Takeda, a member of the Japanese Imperial Family.

The hotels are the flagship properties of the Prince Hotels group which has a recently checkered history due to events at its corporate parent, Seibu Corporation, an affiliate of Seibu Railway and its former chairman Yoshiaki Tsutsumi.

35°37′53″N 139°44′06″E﻿ / ﻿35.6315°N 139.734997°E﻿ / 35.6315; 139.734997

Yoshiaki Tsutsumi
Yoshiaki Tsutsumi (堤 義明, Tsutsumi Yoshiaki; born May 29, 1934) is a Japanese businessman. During the Japanese economic bubble, Forbes listed Tsutsumi as the wealthiest person in the world during 1987–94 due to his extensive real estate investments through the Seibu Corporation, which he controlled. In 1987, he had a net worth of $20 billion (approximately $47.2 billion in today's value). However, as a result of a series of scandals and his 2005 arrest, his wealth has fallen to such an extent that he was taken off the Forbes list of billionaires in 2007.
General regression neural network
Generalized regression neural network (GRNN) is a variation to radial basis neural networks. GRNN was suggested by D.F. Specht in 1991.

GRNN can be used for regression, prediction, and classification. GRNN can also be a good solution for online dynamical systems.

GRNN represents an improved technique in the neural networks based on the nonparametric regression. The idea is that every training sample will represent a mean to a radial basis neuron.

Nonparametric regression
Nonparametric regression is a form of regression analysis where the predictor does not take a predetermined form but is completely constructed using information derived from the data. That is, no parametric equation is assumed for the relationship between predictors and dependent variable. A larger sample size is needed to build a nonparametric model having the same level of uncertainty as a parametric model because the data must supply both the model structure and the parameter estimates.
Quarry, Newfoundland and Labrador
Quarry is an abandoned railway community that was located in the Gaff Topsails area of the province of Newfoundland, Canada. The community lies just north of Buchans and takes its name from the quarry established in the 1890s when the Newfoundland Railway was being built.

Granite from this quarry was used throughout the island by the Reid Newfoundland Company and it also provided cobblestones for Water Street in St. John's. The nearest community was Millertown Junction, 25 kilometres to the east. It became an important station as the area just west of Quarry was renowned for its frequently closing of the railway due to heavy snow drifts, an area known as the Gaff Topsails. The station was reclassified as unstaffed by Canadian National in 1954.

Water Street (St. John's)
Water Street is located in downtown St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. It became a commercial trading outpost for the Basques, French, Spanish, Portuguese, and English. The street now boasts many souvenir shops, restaurants, pubs, and high-end boutiques, as well as other commercial ventures. To this day, the street remains the hub of commercial activity in the city; in 2020, the city implemented a seasonal pedestrian-only section of the road.
Holman House, Dover Heights
Holman House, in Dover Heights, New South Wales, Australia was completed in 2004 to a design by architectural firm Durbach Block Architects. The firm is located in Potts Point, Sydney, Australia, and is a small architectural practice who specialise in residential and public space designs. The house was the winner of the Wilkinson Award in 2005.

Potts Point
Potts Point is a small and densely populated suburb in inner-city Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Potts Point is located 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) east of the Sydney central business district and is part of the local government area of the City of Sydney.

Potts Point sits on a ridge immediately east of Woolloomooloo, west of Elizabeth Bay and Rushcutters Bay and north of Darlinghurst. The suburb has a roughly trapezoidal shape, and at its greatest extent is no more than 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) long by 200 metres (660 ft) wide. The suburb's boundaries include Macleay Street to the east, Darlinghurst Road to the southeast, William Street to the south, Brougham Street and part of Cowper Wharf Roadway to the west.
Lord Arthur Hervey
Lord Arthur Charles Hervey (20 August 1808 – 9 June 1894) was an English bishop who served as Bishop of Bath and Wells from 1869 to 1894. He was usually known by his aristocratic courtesy title, "Lord", rather than the style appropriate to a bishop, the Right Reverend.

The Right Reverend
The Right Reverend (abbreviated as The Rt Revd or The Rt Rev) is an honorific style given to certain (primarily Western) Christian ministers and members of clergy. It is a variant of the more common style "The Reverend".
Michael Warren (artist)
Michael Warren (born 1938, sometimes called Mike) is an English artist, known for painting birds. He has designed several series of commemorative postage stamps and book jackets, as well as publishing books of his own work. His works have also featured on the cover of the RSPB's Birds magazine. He is a member of the Society of Wildlife Artists and the Artists for Nature Foundation.

Society of Wildlife Artists
The Society of Wildlife Artists (SWLA) is a British organisation for artists who paint or draw wildlife. It was founded in 1964. Its founder president was Sir Peter Scott, the current president of the society is British artist Harriet Mead.

The society was founded by Eric Ennion and Robert Gillmor. Other founder members were Donald Watson, a former president of the Scottish Ornithologists' Club artist James T.A. Osborne a Fellow of the Royal Society of Painter-Etchers, and artist Eileen Soper.

The society holds an annual exhibition at the Federation of British Artists in the Mall Galleries, every September/ October.

The society  is a registered charity in England and Wales, number 328717.
Robert Gluck
Robert Gluck (born 1955) is a writer, educator, rabbi, pianist and composer whose repertoire spans jazz, live electronic music, and avant-garde music. Bob Gluck is currently an Associate Professor for the Department of Music at The University at Albany.

Live electronic music
Live electronic music (also known as live electronics) is a form of music that can include traditional electronic sound-generating devices, modified electric musical instruments, hacked sound generating technologies, and computers. Initially the practice developed in reaction to sound-based composition for fixed media such as musique concrète, electronic music and early computer music. Musical improvisation often plays a large role in the performance of this music. The timbres of various sounds may be transformed extensively using devices such as amplifiers, filters, ring modulators and other forms of circuitry. Real-time generation and manipulation of audio using live coding is now commonplace.
Zelgoszcz, Gmina Parzęczew
Zelgoszcz [ˈzɛlɡɔʂt͡ʂ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Parzęczew, within Zgierz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) north-east of Parzęczew, 17 km (11 mi) north-west of Zgierz, and 25 km (16 mi) north-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Parzęczew, Łódź Voivodeship
Parzęczew [paˈʐɛnt͡ʂɛf] is a town in Zgierz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Parzęczew. It lies approximately 18 km (11 mi) north-west of Zgierz and 26 km (16 mi) north-west of the regional capital Łódź. It is located within the historic Łęczyca Land.
NGC 6633
NGC 6633 is a large bright open cluster in the constellation Ophiuchus. Discovered in 1745-46 by Philippe Loys de Chéseaux, it was independently rediscovered by Caroline Herschel in 1783 and included in her brother William's catalog as H VIII.72. Bright enough to be seen with the naked eye, the cluster is considered a fine object for binoculars or small telescopes.

NGC 6633 is also known as the Tweedledum Cluster (paired with IC 4756 as Tweedledee), also as the Captain Hook Cluster and the Wasp Cluster. It is also designated Collinder 380 or Melotte 201. Nearly as large as the full moon, the cluster contains 38 known stars and shines with a total magnitude of 4.6; the brightest star is of mag 7.6. Its age has been estimated at 550 million years.

The cluster contains at least one chemically peculiar star - NGC 6633 48 (BD+06 3755).

The 8th-magnitude binary star HD 169959 (NGC 6633 58) is within the line-of-sight of the open cluster but is not physically associated with it.

Melotte catalogue
The Melotte catalogue is a catalogue of 245 star clusters compiled by British astronomer Philibert Jacques Melotte. It was published in 1915 as A Catalogue of Star Clusters shown on Franklin-Adams Chart Plates. Catalogue objects are denoted by Melotte, e.g. "Melotte 20". Dated prefixes include as Mel + catalogue number, e.g. "Mel 20".

The catalogue contains 161 open clusters, 81 globular clusters, two asterisms, and one galaxy.
Hendrick Theyanoguin
Hendrick Theyanoguin (c. 1691 – September 8, 1755), whose name had several spelling variations, was a Mohawk leader and member of the Bear Clan. He resided at Canajoharie or the Upper Mohawk Castle in colonial New York. He was a Speaker for the Mohawk Council. Hendrick formed a close alliance with Sir William Johnson, the Superintendent of Indian affairs in North America.

Until the late 20th century, Hendrick's biography was conflated with an older Mohawk leader given the same first name in baptism, Hendrick Tejonihokarawa (also known as Hendrick Peters) (c. 1660 – c. 1735). The latter was a member of the Wolf Clan (an important difference, as shown by the historian Barbara Sivertsen) and based in Tiononderoge, the Lower Castle, closer to the English base in Albany. The English built Fort Hunter in Tionondaga in 1711 with an Anglican mission. The Mohawk village became mostly Christianized early in the eighteenth century.

Fort Hunter, Albany County, New York
Fort Hunter is a hamlet in the town of Guilderland, Albany County, New York, United States. Fort Hunter lies along New York Route 146 near the Albany-Schenectady county line. Exit 25 of the Governor Thomas E. Dewey Thruway and exit 9B of Interstate 890 is at the northern limits of the hamlet.
Clouet
Clouet is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Hadrien Clouet (born 1991), French politician

Jean Clouet (1480–1541), French Renaissance miniaturist and painter

Jean-François Clouet (1751–1801), French metallurgist and chemist

François Clouet (c. 1510–1572), French Renaissance miniaturist and painter, son of Jean

Michel Clouet (1770–1836), Canadian businessman and political figure

Jean Clouet
Jean (or Janet or Jehannot) Clouet (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ klu.ɛ]; c. 1485 – 1540/1541) was a painter, draughtsman and miniaturist from the Burgundian Netherlands whose known active work period took place in France. He was court painter to French king Francis I.  Together with his son François Clouet he is counted among the leading 16th century portrait painters working in France.  They are particularly known for their accomplished drawings, using black chalk and pure red chalk.
Cambridge, Pennsylvania
Cambridge is an unincorporated community and census designated place (CDP) mostly in Salisbury Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania with a small portion extending into Honey Brook Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania.

Lancaster County, Pennsylvania
Lancaster County (/ˈlæŋkɪstər/), sometimes nicknamed the Garden Spot of America or Pennsylvania Dutch Country, is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, United States.

As of the 2020 census, the population was 552,984, making it Pennsylvania's sixth-most populous county. Its county seat is also Lancaster. Lancaster County comprises the Lancaster metropolitan statistical area. Lancaster County is a tourist destination with its Amish community being a major attraction. The ancestors of the Amish began to immigrate to colonial Pennsylvania in the early 18th century to take advantage of the religious freedom offered by William Penn, as well as the area's rich soil and mild climate. They were joined by French Huguenots fleeing the religious persecution of Louis XIV. There were also significant numbers of English, Welsh and Ulster Scots (also known as the Scotch-Irish in the colonies). The county is part of the South Central region of the commonwealth.
College of Nursing, Dhaka
College of Nursing (Bengali: সেবা মহাবিদ্যালয়) is the first nursing college in Bangladesh and is located in Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Any candidate who has passed from any nursing institute of the country can get admission in this college on the basis of merit. But must have three years of practical experience in professional work.

Mohakhali
Mohakhali (Bengali: মহাখালী) is a neighborhood of Dhaka city, the capital of Bangladesh. Mohakhali is one of the busiest places in Dhaka city. Mohakhali is bounded by Banani in the north, Tejgoan area in the south, Gulshan and Niketan is in the east and Mohakhali DOHS in the west. Many important offices and institutions are based in Mohakhali. Mohakhali Inter District Bus Terminal is one of the
most important terminals of Dhaka city. DGHS, NICRH, NIDCH, BCPS, Institute of
Health Technology, Dhaka, BRAC Centre, Titumir College, ICDDR,B and SKS Tower are situated in Mohakhali. T & T satellite offices are situated on the west side of the Korail slum. Mohakhali Flyover, the first flyover to open to traffic in the country, in November 2004, is located in Mohakhali. Mohakhali General Market is situated beside the flyover bridge close to the Dhaka-Mymensingh highway.
Quercus coccinea
Quercus coccinea, the scarlet oak, is a deciduous tree in the red oak section Lobatae of the genus Quercus, in the family Fagaceae.

It is primarily distributed in the central and eastern United States. It occurs on dry, sandy, usually acidic soil. It is often an important canopy species in oak–heath forests. The scarlet oak is the official tree of Washington, D.C.

Oak–heath forest
An oak–heath forest is a plant community association and type of forest ecology. It is a deciduous forest type of well-drained, acidic soils, characterized by oaks (Quercus) and plants of the heath family (Ericaceae). It is commonly found in the high elevations of the eastern United States.  Such forest areas typically have a dense fibrous root layer at the surface of the soil, and in many areas predominate on south-facing or southwest-facing slopes. Many of the existing oak–heath forests once featured American chestnut (Castanea dentata) as an important canopy species before being decimated by blight. The chestnut populations still exist today as sprouts, though they rarely reach maturity.
2012 Estoril Open – Women's doubles
Alisa Kleybanova and Galina Voskoboeva were the defending champions but Kleybanova did not participate. Voskoboeva played alongside compatriot Yaroslava Shvedova, but they lost in the final against Chuang Chia-jung and Zhang Shuai, 4–6, 6–1, [11–9].

Galina Voskoboeva
Galina Olegovna Voskoboeva (Russian: Галина Олеговна Воскобоева; born 18 December 1984) is a Russian-born Kazakhstani tennis player. She reached career-high rankings of world No. 42 in singles and No. 26 in doubles. She won five doubles titles on the WTA Tour, as well as one doubles title on the WTA Challenger Tour. She also won three singles titles (in Mont-de-Marsan in 2003, Cuneo in 2006, and Casablanca in 2011) and 13 doubles titles on the ITF Circuit.