hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fake Indian currency note
Fake Indian Currency Note (FICN) is a term used by officials and media to refer to counterfeit currency notes  circulated in the Indian economy. In 2012, while responding to a question in parliament, the Finance Minister, P. Chidambaram, admitted that there is no confirmed estimate of fake currency in India.

On 8 November 2016, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced that the hitherto existing 500 and 1000 rupee notes cease to be legal tender. He said that the move is taken to curb black money and widespread counterfeit currency in the country. He introduced new ₹500 and ₹2000 notes, and discontinued the existing ₹1000 note.

Indian 1000-rupee note
The Indian 1000-rupee banknote (₹1000) is an obsolete denomination of the Indian rupee. It was first introduced by the Reserve Bank of India in 1938 under British rule and subsequently demonetized in 1946. Post-independence, the denomination was reintroduced in 1954. In January 1978, all high-denomination banknotes of ₹1000, ₹5000, and ₹10000 were demonetized in order to curb unaccounted cash money.

In order to contain the volume of banknotes in circulation due to inflation, the ₹1000 banknote was again reintroduced in November 2000, under the government of Atal Bihari Vajpayee, as a part of the Mahatma Gandhi Series of banknotes; these were demonetized on 8 November 2016 by the Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi, with the claimed reasons of preventing the issue of counterfeit currency and to fight corruption and black money in India.
Acanthocasuarina muellerianae
Acanthocasuarina muellerianae is a species of jumping plant lice, first found on plants of the genus Allocasuarina in Australia. The species is characterised by exhibiting an elongate habitus; short Rs and short cubital forewing cells; ventral genal processes beneath the apical margin of its vertex; short antennae; and nymphs that are elongate and very sclerotised (scale-like). It possesses rhinaria on its fourth, sixth, eighth and ninth antennal segments; the species' hind tibia has one outer and two inner spurs, while the female's proctiger carries an apical hook posteriorly.

Triozidae
Triozidae is one of seven families, collectively referred to as plant lice, based on the type genus Trioza. They had traditionally been considered part of a single family, Psyllidae, but recent classifications divide the superfamily into a total of seven families; most of the genera remain in the Psyllidae, but Triozidae is the third-largest family in the group.

The family contains a number of agricultural pest species including:

Baeoalitriozus diospyri, the persimmon psyllid

Bactericera cockerelli, the potato psyllid

Lauritrioza alacris, infesting bay trees and their relatives

Trioza erytreae, the African citrus psyllid
Yevhenivka, Pokrovsk Raion, Donetsk Oblast
Yevhenivka (Ukrainian: Євгенівка; Russian: Евгеновка) is a village in Hrodivka settlement hromada, Pokrovsk Raion, Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine. It is located 31.59 kilometres (19.63 mi) northwest by north (NWbN) of the centre of Donetsk city. On 11 July 2024, the village was captured by Russian forces during the Russian Invasion of Ukraine.

Hrodivka settlement hromada
Hrodivka settlement hromada (Ukrainian: Гродівська селищна громада) is a hromada of Ukraine, located in Pokrovsk Raion, Donetsk Oblast. Its administrative center is the town of Hrodivka.

It has an area of 340.3 square kilometres (131.4 mi2) and a population of 9,518, as of 2020.

The hromada includes 32 settlements: 3 rural settlements (Hrodivka, Lozuvatske, and Novoekonomichne), and 29 villages:
Danny Hogan
"Dapper" Danny Hogan (c. 1880 - December 4, 1928) was an Irish-American organized crime figure, political fixer, and the boss of Saint Paul, Minnesota's Irish Mob both before and during Prohibition.

Following Hogan's 1928 murder by car bomb, his former position as leader of organized crime in St. Paul was taken over by Lithuanian Jewish gangster and former Hogan associate Harry Sawyer and his ally, corrupt police chief Big Tom Brown. They did not share Hogan's distaste for unnecessary violence. Their collusion with both the Dillinger and Barker-Karpis Gangs resulted in some of the most infamous crimes of the Depression era and in the rise of the Federal Bureau of Investigation under J. Edgar Hoover.

Dillinger Gang
The Dillinger Gang was a group of American Depression-era bank robbers led by John Dillinger. The gang gained notoriety for a successful string of bank robberies, using modern tools and tactics, in the Midwestern United States from September 1933 to July 1934. During this crime spree, the gang killed 10 and wounded 7. They managed to pull off three jail breaks which wounded two guards and killed a sheriff.

The increased use of new law enforcement techniques by the newly strengthened Bureau of Investigation (FBI predecessor) led to the dismantling of the gang. Many of its members were killed or imprisoned. Most notably, the BOI killed Dillinger in 1934 when he exited a movie theater.
38-72 High Street, Millers Point
38–72 High Street, Millers Point are heritage-listed terrace houses located at 38–72 High Street, Millers Point, City of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. The properties are privately owned. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

Millers Point, New South Wales
Millers Point is an inner-city suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is on the north-western edge of the Sydney central business district, adjacent to The Rocks and is part of the local government area of the City of Sydney.

Millers Point lies on the southern shore of Sydney Harbour, beside Darling Harbour. The Barangaroo development is taking place on 22 hectares of land on the western side of the suburb. Millers Point historically includes what are now known as the suburbs of Dawes Point and Barangaroo and the renaming of those parts of Millers Point is controversial. The original headland of Millers Point is now known as Barangaroo Reserve, though the point itself has been returned to its original name.
Scribonia gens
The gens Scribonia was a plebeian family of ancient Rome.  Members of this gens first appear in history at the time of the Second Punic War, but the first of the Scribonii to obtain the consulship was Gaius Scribonius Curio in 76 BC.

Gens
In ancient Rome, a gens (/ɡɛns/ or /dʒɛnz/, Latin: [gẽːs]; pl.: gentes [ˈgɛnteːs]) was a family consisting of individuals who shared the same nomen gentilicium and who claimed descent from a common ancestor. A branch of a gens, sometimes identified by a distinct cognomen, was called a stirps (pl.: stirpes). The gens was an important social structure at Rome and throughout Italia during the period of the Roman Republic. Much of individuals' social standing depended on the gens to which they belonged. Certain gentes were classified as patrician, others as plebeian; some had both patrician and plebeian branches. The importance of the gens as a social structure declined considerably in imperial times, although the gentilicium continued to define the origins and dynasties of the ancient Romans, including the emperors.
Daniel Bolton
Major General Daniel Bolton (1793 – 1860) was an English military engineer of the Corps of Royal Engineers, who served in the Peninsular War (1813–1814), Netherlands Campaign (1814–1815), army of occupation in France (1815–1818), in Canada (1823–1843), particularly as superintending engineer in the construction of the Rideau Canal (1832–1843) and as Commanding Royal Engineer at Harwich (1846–1847), New Zealand (1847–1853) and Cape of Good Hope (1855–1860).

He also collected fossil, plant, insect and seashell specimens, particularly for the scientific collections under Sir William Jackson Hooker and Joseph Dalton Hooker at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, William Henry Harvey at the Herbarium, Trinity College Dublin, and Francis Walker at the British Museum.

John Jeremiah Bigsby
John Jeremiah Bigsby (14 August 1792 – 10 February 1881), was an English physician who became known for his work on geology, an interest developed while on military service in Lower and Upper Canada, 1818-1826. He was a member of the American Philosophical Society (elected in 1825). Before moving to London, he was Alderman and Mayor of Newark-upon-Trent, 1827–1830. In 1850, he published a lively book recounting his life and travels in British North America, The Shoe and Canoe. In 1868, he published his most important scientific work, Thesaurus Siluricus, being a list of all the fossils which occur in the Silurian formation across the world. He contributed about twenty seven papers to various scientific societies in London. He published Thesaurus Devonico-Carboniferus but died shortly before completing Thesaurus Permianus. In 1874, he was awarded the Murchison Medal. In 1876, he endowed the Bigsby Medal.
UNCP School of Business
The UNCP School of Business is located within the University of North Carolina at Pembroke. All undergraduate and graduate degree programs are fully accredited by the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB).

Undergraduate degrees are the Bachelor of Science in Business Administration (BSBA) and the Bachelor of Science in Accounting (BSA). Some programs are offered entirely online. A Master of Business Administration (MBA) degree is offered on campus as well as in a completely online format.

University of North Carolina at Pembroke
The University of North Carolina at Pembroke (UNC Pembroke or UNCP) is a public university in Pembroke, North Carolina, United States. UNC Pembroke is a master's level degree-granting university and part of the University of North Carolina system. Its history is intertwined with that of the Lumbee nation.
World record progression 100 metres breaststroke
This is a listing of the history of the World Record in the 100 breaststroke swimming event.

The first world record in long course (50 metres) swimming was recognized by the International Swimming Federation (FINA) in 1961, while the women's world record times were officially acknowledged in 1958. In the short course (25 metres) swimming events the world's governing body has recognized world records since 3 March 1991.

Breaststroke
Breaststroke is a swimming style in which the swimmer is on their chest and the torso does not rotate. It is the most popular recreational style due to the swimmer's head being out of the water a large portion of the time, and that it can be swum comfortably at slow speeds. In most swimming classes, beginners learn either the breaststroke or the freestyle (front crawl) first. However, at the competitive level, swimming breaststroke at speed requires endurance and strength comparable to other strokes. Some people refer to breaststroke as the "frog" stroke because the arms and legs move somewhat like a frog swimming in the water. The stroke itself is the slowest of any competitive strokes and is thought to be the oldest of all swimming strokes.
Arabicnemis
Arabicnemis is a monotypic genus of damselflies in the family Platycnemididae containing the single species Arabicnemis caerulea. It is known commonly as the powder blue damselfly. It is endemic to the Arabian Peninsula, where it occurs in Oman, the United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.

This insect lives in wadis with bodies of freshwater. It can also be found in agricultural areas, where it lives in irrigation systems.

Platycnemididae
The Platycnemididae are a family of damselflies.
They are known commonly as white-legged damselflies. There are over 400 species native to the Old World. The family is divided into several subfamilies.
Criticism of Wikipedia
Wikipedia has been criticized since its creation in 2001. Most of the criticism has been directed toward its content, community of volunteer editors, process, and rules. Critics have questioned its factual reliability, the readability and organization of its articles, the lack of methodical fact-checking, and its political bias.

Concerns have also been raised about systemic bias along gender, racial, political, corporate, institutional, and national lines. Conflicts of interest arising from corporate campaigns to influence content have also been highlighted. Further concerns include the vandalism and partisanship facilitated by anonymous editing, clique behavior (from contributors as well as administrators and other top figures), social stratification between a guardian class and newer users, excessive rule-making, edit warring, and uneven policy application.

Andrew Keen
Andrew Keen (born c. 1960) is a British-American entrepreneur and author. He is particularly known for his view that the current Internet culture and the Web 2.0 trend may be debasing culture, an opinion he shares with Jaron Lanier and Nicholas G. Carr among others. Keen is especially concerned about the way that the current Internet culture undermines the authority of learned experts and the work of professionals.
Maundy Thursday
Maundy Thursday, also referred to as Holy Thursday, or Thursday of the Lord's Supper, among other names, is a Christian feast during Holy Week that marks the beginning of the Paschal Triduum, and commemorates the Washing of the Feet (Maundy) and Last Supper of Jesus Christ with the Apostles, as described in the canonical gospels.

It is the fifth day of Holy Week, preceded by Holy Wednesday (Spy Wednesday) and followed by Good Friday. "Maundy" comes from the Latin word mandatum, or commandment, reflecting Jesus' words "I give you a new commandment."  
The date of the day will vary according to whether the Gregorian calendar or the Julian calendar is used. Eastern churches generally use the Julian system.

Liturgical colours
Liturgical colours are specific colours used for vestments and hangings within the context of Christian liturgy. The symbolism of violet, blue, white, green, red, gold, black, rose, and other colours may serve to underline moods appropriate to a season of the liturgical year or may highlight a special occasion.

There is a distinction between the colour of the vestments worn by the clergy and their choir dress, which with a few exceptions does not change with the seasons of the liturgical year.
Brian Seeley
Brian Seeley (1933 – 25 August 2024) was an Irish Gaelic footballer and manager. He played at club level with Clan na Gael and at inter-county level with the Armagh senior football team. Seeley later managed the Clan na Gael team.

Armagh Senior Football Championship
The Armagh Senior Football Championship is an annual Gaelic football competition contested by top-tier Armagh GAA clubs. The Armagh County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association has organised it since 1889.

Madden Raparees are the title holders (2024) defeating Cullyhanna in the 2025 final.
Pottinger Point
Pottinger Point is a low-lying, ice-free promontory 4 km (2.5 mi) east of Round Point, about 500 m long, on the north coast of King George Island in the South Shetland Islands of Antarctica. It was named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) in 1960 for Captain Pottinger, Master of the Tartar from London, who visited the South Shetland Islands in 1821–22.

Round Point
Round Point is a point 22 km (14 mi) west of False Round Point on the north coast of King George Island, in the South Shetland Islands of Antarctica. Kellick Island lies 2 km to the north-east and Tartar Island 1 km to the north-west.  The descriptive name dates back to at least 1822 and is established in international usage.
Ridaküla, Lääne-Viru County
Ridaküla is a village in Kadrina Parish, Lääne-Viru County, in northern Estonia. It is located on the Tapa–Loobu road (nr. 24), about 5 km (3 mi) northeast of the town of Tapa. Ridaküla is bordered by the Tallinn–Tapa–Narva railway to the southeast and the Valgejõgi River to the southwest.

Tapa, Estonia
Tapa is a town in Tapa Parish, Lääne-Viru County, Estonia, located at the junction of the country's Tallinn–Narva (west–east) and Tallinn–Tartu–Valga (north–south) railway lines. Tapa has the Estonian Defense Forces nearby Keskpolügoon. The Valgejõgi River passes Tapa on its northeastern side. Tapa has been known as both a railway and a military town throughout its history.

Tapa developed as a village in the 13th–14th centuries. It was first mentioned in 1482 and the Tapa knight manor (Taps) in 1629. Tapa was officially recognized as a town in 1926. In October 2005, the town merged with the municipalities of Lehtse Parish, Saksi Parish, and Jäneda Parish to form Tapa Parish.
Transhumanist politics
Transhumanist politics constitutes a group of political ideologies that generally express the belief in improving human individuals through science and technology. Specific topics include space migration, and cryogenic suspension. It is considered the opposing ideal to the concept of bioconservatism, as Transhumanist politics argue for the use of all technology to enhance human individuals.

Posthuman
Posthuman or post-human is a concept originating in the fields of science fiction, futurology, contemporary art, and philosophy that means a person or entity that exists in a state beyond being human. The concept aims at addressing a variety of questions, including ethics and justice, language and trans-species communication, social systems, and the intellectual aspirations of interdisciplinarity.

Posthumanism is not to be confused with transhumanism (the biotechnological enhancement of human beings) and narrow definitions of the posthuman as the hoped-for transcendence of materiality. The notion of the posthuman comes up both in posthumanism as well as transhumanism, but it has a special meaning in each tradition.
Samanabedda cave temple
Samanabedda cave temple (Sinhalaː සමනබැද්ද පුරාණ ගල්ලෙන් විහාරය) is an ancient Buddhist temple situated in Uhana, Ampara District, Sri Lanka. The temple lies on the Ampara – Mahaoya main road, approximately 6 km (3.7 mi) away from the town of Ampara. The temple has been formally recognised by the Government as an archaeological site in Sri Lanka. It is believed that the temple was built by king Saddha Tissa (137–119 BC).

Ampara
Ampara (Sinhala: අම්පාර, Tamil: அம்பாறை) is the main town of Ampara District, governed by an Urban Council.

It is located in the Eastern Province, Sri Lanka, about 360 km (224 mi) east of Colombo and approximately 60 km (37 mi) south of Batticaloa.
Rosche
Rosche is a municipality in the district of Uelzen, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated approximately 13 km east of Uelzen.

Rosche is also the seat of the Samtgemeinde ("collective municipality") Rosche.

Uelzen
Uelzen (German: [ˈʏltsn̩] ⓘ; Low German: Ülz'n), officially the Hanseatic City of Uelzen (German: Hansestadt Uelzen), is a town in northeast Lower Saxony, Germany, and capital of the district of Uelzen. It is part of the Hamburg Metropolitan Region, a Hanseatic town and an independent municipality.

Uelzen is characterised by timber-framed architecture and also has some striking examples of North German brick Gothic. The town earned pan-regional fame when Friedensreich Hundertwasser was selected to redesign the railway station: the final work of the celebrated Viennese artist and architect was ceremonially opened in 2000 as the Hundertwasser Station, Uelzen, and remains a popular tourism destination.

The Polabian name for Uelzen is Wilcaus (spelled Wiltzaus in older German reference material), possibly derived from wilca or wilsa (< Slavic *olăša) 'alder'.
Supramonte
The Supramonte is a mountain range located in central-eastern Sardinia, Italy. It lies northeast of the Gennargentu massif, traveling eastwards until it reaches the Tyrrhenian Sea at the Gulf of Orosei. It has an area of about 35,000 hectares, encompassing most of the territories of the comuni (municipalities) of Baunei, Dorgali, Oliena, Orgosolo and Urzulei. The populated areas of these comuni lie at the borders of the Supramonte, which, for the most part, is  a largely uninhabited area of sharp limestone cliffs and deep, lush canyons.

Gennargentu
Gennargentu (Italian: [dʒennarˈdʒɛntu]; Sardinian: Ghennarghentu [ɡɛnːaɾˈɡentu]) is a large massif in central-southern Sardinia, Italy, encompassing the provinces of Nuoro and Ogliastra. It includes the highest peaks on the island, such as Punta La Marmora (1,834 m or 6,017 ft), Monte Spada (1,595 m or 5,233 ft), Punta Erbas Virdes (1,676 m or 5,499 ft), Bruncu Spina (1,829 m or 6,001 ft) and Punta Paulinu (1,792 m or 5,879 ft).

The range forms part of the Gennargentu National Park. Geologically, its rocks are amongst the oldest in Europe, and are therefore smooth shaped: rock types include schist, limestone and granite.
Alexey Grigoryevich Dolgorukov
Alexey Grigoryevich Dolgorukov (Russian: Алексей Григорьевич Долгоруков; died 1734 in Beryozov) was a Russian politician and member of the Supreme Privy Council under Peter II. He is a cousin of Vasily Lukich Dolgorukov.

Alexander Danilovich Menshikov
Prince Alexander Danilovich Menshikov (Russian: Алекса́ндр Дани́лович Ме́ншиков; 16 November [O.S. 6 November] 1673 – 23 November [O.S. 12 November] 1729) was a Russian soldier and statesman. His official titles included Generalissimo, Prince of the Russian Empire and Duke of Izhora (Duke of Ingria), Prince of the Holy Roman Empire, Duke of Cosel. Rising from humble origins, he became a highly appreciated associate and friend of Tsar Peter the Great, leading to his rise as a prominent political and military figure in early 18th century Russia. He was the de facto ruler of Russia from 1725 to 1727.
Lawrencia Mallam
Lawrencia Laraba-Mallam is a former Nigerian Minister of Environment between 2014–2015. She was one of the 12 ministers sworn in by President Goodluck Jonathan in March 2014. She was succeeded by Amina Mohammed. Before her appointment as a minister, she served as the National President, Catholic Women Organization (CWO).

Goodluck Jonathan
Goodluck Ebele Azikiwe Jonathan Listenⓘ GCFR GCON (born 20 November 1957) is a Nigerian politician who served as the president of Nigeria from 2010 to 2015. He lost the 2015 presidential election to former military head of state General Muhammadu Buhari and was the first incumbent president in Nigerian history to lose re-election.

Previously, Jonathan served as the vice president of Nigeria from 2007 to 2010 under the administration of Umaru Musa Yar'Adua; and in oil-rich Bayelsa State as governor from 2005 to 2007, and deputy governor from 1999 to 2005. In 2015, Jonathan became the first Nigerian president to concede election defeat. It allowed the transfer of power to the opposition party in Africa's biggest democracy—a country that had hitherto experienced vote-rigging and violence.
Gianni Alemanno
Giovanni "Gianni" Alemanno (born 3 March 1958) is an Italian politician  who from April 2008 until June 2013 was mayor of Rome for The People of Freedom. He was the secretary of the National Movement for Sovereignty from 2017 to 2019.

Mayor of Rome
The mayor of Rome (Italian: sindaco di Roma) is an elected politician who, along with the Rome City Council (Italian: Assemblea Capitolina) of 48 members, is accountable for the strategic government of Rome. As Rome is a comune speciale since 2009, the office is different from the offices of the other Italian cities. The title is the equivalent of Lord Mayor in the meaning of an actual executive leader.