hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Garrigue
Garrigue or garigue (/ɡəˈriːɡ/ gə-REEG), also known as phrygana (Greek: φρύγανα [ˈfriɣana], n. pl.), is a type of low scrubland ecoregion and plant community in the Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub biome.

It is found on limestone soils in southern France and around the Mediterranean Basin, generally near the seacoast where the moderated Mediterranean climate provides annual summer drought. It is an anthropogenic degradation and succession form of former evergreen oak forests that existed until around 2500 years BCE.

The term has also found its way into haute cuisine, suggestive of the resinous flavours of a garrigue shrubland.

Grammatical gender
In linguistics, a grammatical gender system is a specific form of a noun class system, where nouns are assigned to gender categories that are often not related to the real-world qualities of the entities denoted by those nouns. In languages with grammatical gender, most or all nouns inherently carry one value of the grammatical category called gender. The values present in a given language, of which there are usually two or three, are called the genders of that language. Determiners, adjectives, and pronouns also change their form depending on the noun to which they refer.

According to one estimate, gender is used in approximately half of the world's languages.
Charles of Bourbon Visiting Pope Benedict XIV at the Coffee House del Quirinale
Charles of Bourbon Visiting Pope Benedict XIV at the Coffee House del Quirinale is an oil-on-canvas painting by the Italian painter Giovanni Paolo Pannini, commissioned by Charles of Bourbon in 1746 and completed the same year. It is held at the National Museum of Capodimonte, in Naples.

Giovanni Paolo Panini
Giovanni Paolo, also known as Gian Paolo Panini or Pannini (17 June 1691 – 21 October 1765), was an Italian Baroque painter and architect who worked in Rome and is primarily known as one of the vedutisti ("view painters"). As a painter, Panini is best known for his vistas of Rome, in which he took a particular interest in the city's antiquities. Among his most famous works are his view of the interior of the Pantheon (on behalf of Francesco Algarotti), and his vedute—paintings of picture galleries containing views of Rome. Most of his works, especially those of ruins, have a fanciful and unreal embellishment characteristic of capriccio themes. In this they resemble the capricci of Marco Ricci. Panini also painted portraits, including one of Pope Benedict XIV.
Jardin du Ranelagh
The Jardin du Ranelagh (French: [ʒaʁdɛ̃ dy ʁanlaɡ]) is a urban park in the 16th arrondissement of Paris, France, named after the British diplomat and politician Richard Jones, 1st Earl of Ranelagh.

It is an English-style garden designed by the engineer Jean-Charles Alphand, the leading designer of Parisian parks and wooded spaces during the Haussmann era. Its Puppet Theatre is particularly appreciated. On the western side of the garden is the Musée Marmottan Monet. The streets in the immediate vicinity of the garden are also known for their concentration of Parisian embassies and international institutions, along with those around Parc Monceau, making it a popular destination for diplomats.

Unusually for a Parisian park, it is open to the public continuously, even at night. Its relative isolation in the western part of the 16th arrondissement and its proximity to the Bois de Boulogne limit its popularity.

Richard Jones, 1st Earl of Ranelagh
Richard Jones, 1st Earl of Ranelagh, PC (Ire), FRS (8 February 1641 – 5 January 1712), known as The Viscount Ranelagh between 1669 and 1677, was an Irish peer, politician both in the Parliaments of England and Ireland.
Mateo Martinic
Mateo Martinić Beroš (born 20 October 1931) is a Chilean historian, politician and lawyer of Croatian descent. He has primarily dealt with the history of the Magallanes Region. He entered the University of Chile in 1953 studying briefly pedagogy before moving on to study law and then continued his law studies in the Catholic University of Chile. He finally became a lawyer in 1983. From 1964 to 1970 he served as intendant of Magallanes Region. He received the National History Award in 2000.

Together with botanist Edmundo Pisano Martnic was among the founding members of Instituto de la Patagonia which in 1985 became integrated into the University of Magallanes.

University of Magallanes
University of Magallanes (UMAG) is a university in the southern Chilean city of Punta Arenas. It is a public state university and it is part of the Chilean Traditional Universities. The University of Magallanes was established in 1981 during the neoliberal reforms of the Chile's military regime as the successor of Universidad Técnica del Estado's Punta Arenas section.  Universidad Técnica del Estado had established the Punta Arenas section in 1961. The University of Magallanes have campuses in Punta Arenas and Puerto Natales as well as a university centre in Puerto Williams. University of Magallanes publishes the humanities and social sciences journal Magallania twice a year.
Portland Orange
Portland Orange is the color of light emitted by the dont walk phase of pedestrian crossing signals in the United States and Canada. The color was chosen to avoid confusion with regular traffic lights in conditions of poor visibility.

Its chromaticity is specified by the Institute of Transportation Engineers in that body's technical standards, along with lunar white for the walk lights. Its application is stipulated in the U.S. federal Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices. Various jurisdictional standards also require Portland Orange for dont walk signs.

The color can be created with some LEDs, and the ITE specifies the precision of its wavelength to 3 nanometers. In practice, the most brilliant color of gaseous tubing is similar to Portland Orange.

Tube (fluid conveyance)
A tube, or tubing, is a long hollow cylinder used for moving fluids (liquids or gases) or to protect electrical or optical cables and wires.

The terms "pipe" and "tube" are almost interchangeable, although minor distinctions exist — generally, a tube has tighter engineering requirements than a pipe. Both pipe and tube imply a level of rigidity and permanence, whereas a hose is usually portable and flexible. A tube and pipe may be specified by standard pipe size designations, e.g., nominal pipe size, or by nominal outside or inside diameter and/or wall thickness. The actual dimensions of pipe are usually not the nominal dimensions: A 1-inch pipe will not actually measure 1 inch in either outside or inside diameter, whereas many types of tubing are specified by actual inside diameter, outside diameter, or wall thickness.
Mike Dmitrich
Mike Dmitrich (born Milan Dmitrasnovic; October 23, 1936 – September 30, 2024) was an American politician and Natural Resource Consultant from Utah. A Democrat, he served as a member of the Utah State Senate, representing the state's 27th senate district in Price. Dmitrich served as the Minority Leader in the Utah Senate. Prior to being elected to the Utah Senate Dmitrich served in the State House from 1969 to 1992.  He retired prior to the 2008 elections and was replaced by David P. Hinkins.

Dmitrich attended the College of Eastern Utah and Utah State University.

Dmitrich died on September 30, 2024, at the age of 87.

Price, Utah
Price is a city in the U.S. state of Utah and the county seat of Carbon County. The city is home to Utah State University Eastern, as well as the USU Eastern Prehistoric Museum. Price is located within short distances of both Nine Mile Canyon and the Manti-La Sal National Forest.

The population was 8,216 at the 2020 census, making it the largest city in Carbon County.
Tilt (Confidence Man album)
Tilt is the second studio album by Australian electro pop band, Confidence Man. It was announced on 10 November 2021, alongside the album's lead single, "Holiday" and released on 1 April 2022. According to the album's announcement press release, the album is "fierce, flirty and full of anthems" and listeners "might need to sit down before you hit play".

Upon release, it was met with favourable reviews and peaked at number seven on the Australian album chart. At the 2022 ARIA Music Awards, the album was nominated for Best Dance/Electronic Release. At the AIR Awards of 2023, the album won Best Independent Dance or Electronica Album or EP. The Mushroom team were also nominated for Independent Marketing Team of the Year and Independent Publicity Team of the Year.

AIR Awards of 2023
The 2023 AIR Awards is the seventeenth annual Australian Independent Record Labels Association Music Awards ceremony (generally known as the AIR Awards), which took place on 3 August 2023 in Adelaide. The 2023 AIR Awards introduced two new categories; the Independent Marketing Team of the Year and the Independent Publicity Team of the Year. The nominations were revealed on 31 May 2023.

At the awards ceremony, AIR's CEO Maria Amato said, "It was a great night of celebration and recognition for the talented, and resilient Australian independent artist and label community."
Dominique Mulamba
Dominique Lasconi Mulamba (born 22 October 2001) is a Congolese sprinter, who represents the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Although Mulamba competed in the men's 100 metres event at the 2024 Summer Olympics., the day after his first round race, he tested positive for a banned substance and was therefore disqualified and also subsequently provisionally suspended. In May 2025, Mulamba was issued with a four-year ban backdated to August 2024 for the positive test which was confirmed as being for stanozolol.

Athletics at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Men's 100 metres
The men's 100 metres event at the 2024 Summer Olympics took place on 3 August and 4 August at the Stade de France in Paris. Noah Lyles won the gold medal, setting a new personal best in the 100m and giving the United States its first victory in the event since 2004. Jamaican Kishane Thompson finished in second, taking the silver medal. The winning time of 9.79 was achieved by both Lyles and Thompson, but Lyles crossed the line 5 ms sooner to take gold. Lyles' teammate Fred Kerley finished third in 9.81, winning bronze.
Gaetano I Boncompagni Ludovisi
Gaetano I Boncompagni Ludovisi (1706–1777) was VII Duke of Sora and the Prince of Piombino, Marquis of Populonia, Prince of Venosa and Count of Conza, Lord di Scarlino, Populonia, Vignale, Abbadia del Fango, Suvereto, Buriano, Cerboli e Palmaiolan, and Lord prince of the Tuscan Archipelago including the islands of Elba, Montecristo, Pianosa, Gorgona, Capraia, and Isola del Giglio, from 1745 until 1777.

Tuscan Archipelago
The Tuscan Archipelago is a chain of islands between the Ligurian Sea and Tyrrhenian Sea, west of Tuscany, Italy.

The islands' proximity to several major cities has made them a favourite tourist location. History and literature have ensured that most people are familiar with the islands of Elba and Montecristo.

Legends says the archipelago originates from a necklace that Venus, the Roman goddess of beauty and sensuality, lost while emerging from the Tyrrhenian sea. In this myth, the seven islands are the seven pearls the goddess was unable to retrieve.
Milner Field
Milner Field was a large country house near Saltaire in West Yorkshire, England built in 1872 for Titus Salt Junior, youngest son of the Yorkshire wool merchant and philanthropist Sir Titus Salt and demolished in the 1950s. The house was situated at the edge of the village of Gilstead, near Bingley, overlooking the Aire Valley in the direction of Titus Salt senior's model village of Saltaire and Salts Mill.

Gilstead
53°51′04″N 1°48′54″W﻿ / ﻿53.851°N 1.815°W﻿ / 53.851; -1.815

Gilstead is a village within the City of Bradford Metropolitan District, West Yorkshire, England.  It is situated at the edge of the moors, above the town of Bingley which is the post town.

Eldwick Primary School is located on Warren Lane, Gilstead.  This is a primary school with around 450 pupils aged 3–11.

The village came to note in January 2007 when a rare sighting in Britain was made of an American robin.
Choji-dong
Choji-dong (Korean: 초지동; Hanja: 草芝洞) is dong (neighborhood) of Danwon District, Ansan, Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. Located in the center of the city, it is formed as a residential, green, and industrial complex area, and with the creation of Gojan New Town, the population is rapidly increasing, centering on new apartments.
Banwol Industrial Complex and Sihwa Industrial Complex, where the largest small and medium-sized enterprise complex in Korea is built, are included in Choji-dong, Korea, and have a large image as an industrial area. Choji-dong is the heart of the national industry with Banwol National Industrial Complex, which houses more than 2,000 small and medium-sized enterprises.
In addition to residents in the jurisdiction, there are Hwarang Recreation Area where many people gather to relax and Citizens Market, a traditional market where the 5-day market is active.

Ansan
Ansan (Korean: 안산, Korean pronunciation: [an.san]) is a city in Gyeonggi Province, South Korea.  It lies southwest of Seoul and is part of the Seoul  Metropolitan Area. It is connected to Seoul by rail via Seoul Subway Line 4. It is situated on the Yellow Sea coast and some islands lie within its jurisdiction. The largest and best-known of these is Daebu Island.

Several higher learning institutions are located in Ansan.  They include Ansan University, Shin Ansan University, the ERICA campus of Hanyang University, and the Seoul Institute of the Arts. The Korea Transportation Safety Authority, a government agency, has also been headquartered in Ansan since June 3, 2002.  With its high number of foreign workers, Wongokbon-dong has been designated as a multicultural area. In 2021, Ansan was selected as the largest residential area for foreigners and it is seeking designation as a special multicultural city. Street play festival is held every year in Ansan.
Jean Fritz
Jean Guttery Fritz (November 16, 1915 – May 14, 2017) was an American children's writer best known for American biography and history. She won the Children's Legacy Literature Award for her career contribution to American children's literature in 1986. She turned 100 in November 2015 and died in May 2017 at the age of 101.

Cowardice
Cowardice is a characteristic wherein excessive fear prevents an individual from taking a risk or facing danger. It is the opposite of courage. As a label, "cowardice"  indicates a failure of character in the face of a challenge. One who succumbs to cowardice is known as a coward.

As the opposite of bravery, which many historical and current human societies reward, cowardice is seen as a character flaw that is detrimental to society and thus the failure to face one's fear is often stigmatized or punished.
Grammarly
Grammarly is an American English language writing assistant software tool. It reviews the spelling, grammar, and tone of a piece of writing as well as identifying possible instances of plagiarism. It can also suggest style and tonal recommendations to users and produce writing from prompts with its generative AI capabilities.

Grammarly was developed in Ukraine and launched in 2009 by Alex Shevchenko, Max Lytvyn, and Dmytro Lider. It is available as a standalone application; a browser extension for Chrome, Safari, and Firefox; and as an add-on for Google Docs.

Grammarly is developed by Superhuman Platform Inc., which is headquartered in San Francisco and has offices in Kyiv, New York, and Vancouver.

Browser extension
A browser extension is a software module for customizing a web browser. Browsers typically allow users to install a variety of extensions, including user interface modifications, cookie management, ad blocking, and the custom scripting and styling of web pages.

Browser plug-ins are a different type of module and no longer supported by the major browsers. One difference is that extensions are distributed as source code, while plug-ins are executables (i.e. object code). The most popular browser, Google Chrome, has over 200,000 extensions available but stopped supporting plug-ins in 2020.
Bix Bottom
Bix Bottom is a 102.3-hectare (253-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest north-west of Henley-on-Thames in Oxfordshire. It is owned and  managed as Warburg Nature Reserve by the Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire Wildlife Trust.

This site has ancient woods which are shown on a map of 1786, together with areas of grassy clearings and scrub. More than 500 species of vascular plant  have been recorded, including 18 orchids and the rare meadow clary, which is listed in the British Red Data Book of Plants. There are more than 75 bird species and 650 fungi, including many which are nationally rare.

The site is open to the public.

Regional Red List
A Regional Red List is a report of the threatened status of species within a certain country or region.  It is based on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species — an inventory of the conservation status of species on a global scale.  Regional Red Lists assess the risk of extinction to species within a political management unit and therefore may feed directly into national and regional planning.  This project is coordinated by the Zoological Society of London, the World Conservation Union (IUCN) and partners in national governments, universities and organizations throughout the world.

Regional Red Lists may assist countries or regions in:

Determining the conservation status and trends of species

Identifying species or ecosystems under greatest threat

Informing conservation planning and priority setting

Raising awareness of threatened species
L'album de Noël
L'album de Noël is a 2000 French language Christmas album by Canadian singer Roch Voisine. He simultaneously released an English language Christmas album entitled Christmas Is Calling.

The album was released in two versions:

Canadian version - contains 14 songs (all in French)

European version - contains 14 songs (3 in English)

Roch Voisine
Joseph Armand Roch Voisine, OC CQ ONB (born 26 March 1963) is a Canadian singer-songwriter, actor, and radio and television host who lives in Montreal and Paris. He writes and performs material in both English and French. He won the Juno Award for Male Vocalist of the Year in 1994. In 1997, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada.
Cligosiban
Cligosiban (INNTooltip International Nonproprietary Name; developmental code names IX-01 and PF-3274167) is an oxytocin receptor antagonist which is or was under development for the treatment of premature ejaculation. It is taken orally. The drug is a small molecule or non-peptide and is a potent, highly selective, and brain-penetrant antagonist of the oxytocin receptor. Cligosiban was originated by Pfizer and is under development by Ixchelsis and Chorus Group. As of December 2019, it is in phase 2 clinical trials. However, another source lists the drug's development as having been discontinued. The drug failed to show effectiveness in a phase 2b trial.

Binding selectivity
In chemistry, binding selectivity is defined with respect to the binding of ligands to a substrate forming a complex. Binding selectivity describes how a ligand may bind more preferentially to one receptor than another. A selectivity coefficient is the equilibrium constant for the reaction of displacement by one ligand of another ligand in a complex with the substrate. Binding selectivity is of major importance in biochemistry and in chemical separation processes.
J. McAdoo Keaton
James McAdoo Keaton (June 11, 1899 – July 10, 1968) was an American football, basketball, and track coach.  He was the fourth head football coach at Howard Payne University in Brownwood, Texas, serving for eight seasons, from 1935 to 1942, and compiling a record of 53–19–8.  Keaton also served as the head basketball coach at Howard Payne from 1935 to 1943, tallying a mark of 95–64.

Keaton was born in Tennessee and moved with his family at the age of five to Texas.  He attended high school in Temple, Texas and played college football at Howard Payne.  In 1945 Keaton joined the football coaching staff as line coach at Southern Methodist University (SMU).  He later became track coach at SMU.  Keaton died following a cerebral hemorrhage on July 10, 1968, at Baylor Hospital in Dallas, Texas.

Brownwood, Texas
Brownwood is a city in and the county seat of Brown County, Texas, United States. The population was 18,862 as of  the 2020 census. Brownwood is in the Texas Hill Country and is home to Howard Payne University, which was founded in 1889.
Whitney: Brunei The Royal Wedding Celebration
Whitney – Brunei: The Royal Wedding Celebration was a notable concert performance by American singer Whitney Houston in August 1996.   
Houston performed a private concert, for the wedding of Princess Rashidah, the eldest daughter of the Sultan of Brunei, Hassanal Bolkiah, at the Jerudong Park Amphitheater on August 24, 1996.

Jerudong Park Amphitheatre
The Jerudong Park Amphitheater is an amphitheater at Jerudong Park in Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei. The amphitheater was built for a free Michael Jackson concert for the Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah's fiftieth birthday in 1996. The theater is located in Jerudong Park's Garden, designed with only a roof and its capacity is over 60,000. The stage is removable and can be replaced with another stage.

When Michael Jackson performed at the theater, he replaced the built-in stage with his own stage, from the Dangerous World Tour. When he returned for the HIStory World Tour, Jackson used the stage for the tour minus the cherry picker, A Curtain for the smooth criminal opening and a Statue Of Jackson. Whitney Houston and Janet Jackson, however, used the built-in stage. The theater is now used for wedding receptions, fundraiser events, and concerts.
Alfred Young Man
Alfred Young Man, Ph.D. or Kiyugimah (Eagle Chief) (born 1948) is a Cree artist, writer, educator, and an enrolled member of the Chippewa-Cree tribe located on the Rocky Boy Indian Reservation, Montana, US. His Montana birth certificate lists him as being 13/16th Cree by blood-quantum, his full sister, Shirley, is listed as 16/16ths. He is a former Department Head (2007–2010) of Indian Fine Arts at the First Nations University of Canada in Regina, Saskatchewan and former Chair (1999–2007) of Native American Studies, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada. He is professor emeritus at the University of Lethbridge and University of Regina.

University of Regina
The University of Regina is a public university located in Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada. Founded in 1911 as a private denominational high school of the Methodist Church of Canada, it began an association with the University of Saskatchewan as a junior college in 1925. It disaffiliated from its Methodist founders and fully ceded to the university in 1934; in 1961 it attained degree-granting status as the Regina Campus of the University of Saskatchewan. It became an autonomous university in 1974. The University of Regina is a research university with a focus on experiential learning. Record enrolment was seen in September 2023, with over 16,800 students enrolled.