hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fong Sai-yuk
Fong Sai-yuk (or Fang Shiyu) is a Chinese martial artist and folk hero from Zhaoqing City, Guangdong Province of the Qing dynasty. Fong was also associated with Hung Hei-gun and the Five Elders of the Southern Shaolin Monastery. He was a disciple of Shaolin and his martial arts techniques were considered to have contributed to the development of Hung Ga Kuen.

He was first mentioned in wuxia stories dating from the Qing dynasty (1644–1912), such as Shaolin Xiao Yingxiong (少林小英雄; Young Hero of Shaolin), Wan Nian Qing (萬年青) and Qianlong You Jiangnan (乾隆游江南; The Qianlong Emperor Visits Jiangnan).

Although Fong Sai-yuk is a fictional character, the stories about him treat him as if he really existed. He has been the subject of various novels, movies and dramas.Stories about Fong have been adapted into films and television series since 1949. The most notable ones are the 1993 Hong Kong film Fong Sai-yuk and its sequel, which both starred Jet Li.

Folk hero
A folk hero or national hero is a type of hero – real, fictional or mythological – with their name, personality and deeds embedded in the popular consciousness of a people, mentioned frequently in folk songs, folk tales and other folklore; and with modern trope status in literature, art and films.
1999 US Open – Girls' doubles
Kim Clijsters and Eva Dyrberg were the defending champions, but they did not compete in the Junior's this year.

First seeds Dája Bedáňová and Iroda Tulyaganova won in the final, 6–3, 6–4, against unseeded Russians Galina Fokina and Lina Krasnoroutskaya.

Dája Bedáňová
Dája Bedáňová (born Daniela Bedáňová 9 March 1983) is a former professional tennis player from the Czech Republic. She lives in Leonberg, Germany. Bedáňová turned pro in 2000 and retired in 2005.

She was named the WTA Newcomer of the Year in 2000. Her best performance at a Grand Slam tournament came when she got to the quarterfinals of the 2001 US Open, defeating Joannette Kruger, Silvija Talaja, Meghann Shaughnessy and Monica Seles, then losing to Martina Hingis. She attained a career high ranking of 16 in singles in 2002.
Glyptoscelis squamulata
Glyptoscelis squamulata, the grape bud beetle, is a leaf beetle. The species was first described by George Robert Crotch in 1873. It is found in the western United States.

In the 1920s to 1940s, G. squamulata was considered a major pest of table grapes in Coachella Valley of southern California. It is now considered to be a minor pest.

George Robert Crotch
George Robert Crotch (1842 – 16 June 1874) was a British entomologist and an authority on Coleoptera (beetles), particularly the ladybird beetles. He was the grandson of the English composer and organist William Crotch.
John Boys (cricketer)
John James Boys (17 August 1856 – 1 August 1883) was an English cricketer active in first-class cricket in the mid-1870s and early 1880s. Born at Titchfield, Hampshire, Boys was a right-handed batsman who played as a wicket-keeper.

Boys entered the British Army at the age of fifteen with the Royal Artillery based at Woolwich, where he was a musician with the Royal Artillery Band. He played cricket with some success for the Royal Artillery Cricket Club and was asked to play for Kent County Cricket Club many times but was unable to get leave of absence to do so. He did, however, make his debut in first-class cricket for Kent in 1875 against Hampshire. He later made two further first-class appearances for Kent in 1881 against the Marylebone Cricket Club and Surrey. Boys scored 34 runs in his four matches, as well as taking four catches and making two stumpings.

Boys died suddenly aged 26 at Woolwich on 1 August 1883 on the day of his planned wedding to his fiancée.

Stumped
Stumped is a method of dismissing a batter in cricket, in which the wicket-keeper puts down the wicket of the striker while the striker is out of their ground. It is governed by Law 39 of the Laws of Cricket.

Being "out of their ground" means no part of the batter's body, equipment or bat is touching the ground behind the crease.

Stumped is a special case of run out, but a stumping can only be affected by the wicket-keeper without the intervention of another fielder, when the striker is not attempting a run, and the ball must not be a no-ball. If the criteria for both stumped and run out are met, then the dismissal will be recorded as a stumping and credited to the bowler and wicket-keeper.

As always in cricket, one of the fielding team must appeal for the wicket by asking the umpires. It is the striker's end umpire who adjudicates all stumpings, and all run-out appeals at the striker's end.
Osmia (journal)
Osmia (ISSN 2727-3806) is a scientific journal published in English and French about Hymenoptera research, launched in 2007. It is published by the Observatoire des Abeilles [Observatory of Bees], a French and Belgian society about knowledge and protection of wild bees. The items are peer-reviewed and available online, in open access, under a free licence CC BY 4.0.

Free license
A free license or open license is a license that allows copyrighted work to be reused, modified, and redistributed. These uses are normally prohibited by copyright, patent or other Intellectual property (IP) laws. The term broadly covers free content licenses and open-source licenses, also known as free software licenses.
Dutch Corps Monument
The Dutch Corps Monument is a provincial heritage site in Kliprivier in the KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. It was designed by Gerard Moerdijk. The monument was vandalised in 2014.

In 1982, it was described in the Government Gazette as

This memorial, which was designed by G. Moerdyk of Pretoria, was built by the firm Barker and Nel of Volksrust and was erected by the citizens of The Netherlands in memory of members of the Dutch Corps who died during the battle of Elandslaagte on 21 October 1899.

Government Gazette of South Africa
The Government Gazette (Afrikaans: Staatskoerant) is the gazette of record of South Africa. It is the "official organ of Government". The Government Gazette is used by the government as an official way of communicating to the general public.
Stupid Girl (Cold song)
"Stupid Girl" is a song by the American rock band Cold and the lead single from their third major label album, Year of the Spider. It was the second song released for the album overall; "Gone Away" was released on the WWF Tough Enough 2 soundtrack while recognized as a Year of the Spider track a year prior to its release. "Stupid Girl" made its radio debut on March 18, 2003, and was the only Cold single to crack the Billboard Hot 100 staying on for 20 weeks and peaking at No. 87. The song, as well as its music video, were heavily played on MTV2 and Fuse TV throughout the several months following its release.

The single was also included on the 2003 heavy metal compilation, MTV2 Headbangers Ball.

MTV2 Headbangers Ball
MTV2 Headbangers Ball is a heavy metal compilation album released in conjunction with the MTV program Headbangers Ball. It is the first in a series of compilations and was released approximately five months after the program re-debuted on MTV2. The first disc consists largely of singles by mainstream bands, while the second disc features lesser known groups of intense musical style. Nearly all the tracks had a music video which aired on Headbangers Ball in 2003.
History of Ireland (400–795)
The early medieval history of Ireland, often referred to as Early Christian Ireland, spans the 5th to 8th centuries, from the gradual emergence out of the protohistoric period (Ogham inscriptions in Primitive Irish, mentions in Greco-Roman ethnography) to the beginning of the Viking Age. The period includes the Hiberno-Scottish mission of Christianised Ireland to regions of pagan Great Britain and the spread of Irish cultural influence to Continental Europe.

Hiberno-Scottish mission
The Hiberno-Scottish mission was a series of expeditions in the 6th and 7th centuries by Gaelic missionaries originating from Ireland that spread Celtic Christianity in Scotland, Wales, England and Merovingian lands. Catholic Christianity spread first within Ireland. Since the 8th and 9th centuries, these early missions were called 'Celtic Christianity'.

There is dispute over the relationship of the Hiberno-Scottish mission to Catholic Christianity. Catholic sources claim it functioned under the authority of the Holy See, while Protestant historians highlight conflicts between Celtic and Roman clergy. There is agreement that the mission was not strictly coordinated. As a whole, Celtic-speaking areas were part of Latin Christendom at a time when there was significant regional variation of liturgy and structure, but a general collective veneration of the Papacy was no less intense in Celtic-speaking areas.
Buxar railway station
Buxar railway station is a railway station in Buxar district, Bihar, India. Its code is BXR. It serves Buxar city. The station consists of 3 platforms. Buxar is connected to the state capital Patna by rail routes and there are direct trains from Buxar to the metro cities of India like Bangalore, Delhi, Jaipur, Kolkata, Ahmedabad, Chennai, Pune, Surat, Hydrerabad, Guwahati and Mumbai.secundrabad, howrah, jammu tawi, chandigarh, yeshwantpur, nagpur, Ajmer, Lucknow, Prayagraj Junction railway station

On the enquiry section of Buxar railway station, there is only one counter. There is artwork done in the waiting hall near entrance of the railway station gives a classy look. In the year 2019, Buxar railway station has been renovated very fast. A new overbridge has been associated with a lift system along with escalator installed within. The station lacks basic facilities, such as parking, drinking water, lights, shedding.

Chandigarh Junction railway station
Chandigarh Junction railway station (station code: CDG), serves the union territory city of Chandigarh. The station is at an elevation of 330.77 metres (1,085.2 ft). It is 8 Kms from the City Centre of Chandigarh i.e. Sector 17.
Frank W. Warner
Frank W. Warner (1861–1919) was one of the first Native Americans to serve as a missionary for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.

Warner was the son of Sagwitch and his wife Tan-tapai-cci.  He was originally known as Pisappih Timbimboo.  He was wounded at the Bear River Massacre.  Later he was adopted by Amos Warner and his family and was given his new name.

Warner studied at Brigham Young College in Logan, Utah.  He worked as an educator.  He was first called as a missionary in October 1880 by John Taylor to share the teachings of Mormonism with those in Washakie, Utah. In 1914–1915 and again in 1917 Warner served as a missionary among the Sioux and Assiniboine at the Fort Peck Indian Reservation.  He died from influenza in 1919 at Parker, Idaho.

Assiniboine
The Assiniboine (/əˈsɪnɪbɔɪn/ ə-SIN-ih-boyn) are an Indigenous people of the Northern Plains. They are a First Nations in Canada, where they primarily live in Saskatchewan, with some living in Alberta and southwestern Manitoba, and they are a Native American people in the United States, where they primarily live in northern Montana, with some living in western North Dakota.

In the 18th century, the Assiniboine were part of the Iron Confederacy with the Cree.
The Saint Patrick's Day Four
The Saint Patrick's Day Four (also, The Saint Patrick's Four, or SP4) are four American peace activists of Irish Catholic heritage who poured their own blood on the walls, posters, windows, and a US flag at a military recruiting center to protest the United States' impending 2003 invasion of Iraq.  Peter De Mott, Daniel Burns, Teresa Grady, and Clare Grady each were members of the Ithaca Catholic Worker community, which teaches that Christians should practice non-violence and devote their lives to service of others. They each served between four and six months in federal prison for their action on Saint Patrick's Day, March 17, 2003, in Lansing, New York, near Ithaca where they reside.

Irish Catholics
Irish Catholics (Irish: Caitlicigh na hÉireann) are an ethnoreligious group native to Ireland whose members are both Catholic and Irish. The diaspora and the descendants of Irish Catholics includes millions of Americans, Canadians and Australians. In countries like the United States, Canada and Australia, many Catholics descend from Irish immigrants/migrants who passed down their faith.
Premamayi
Premamayi (pronunciationⓘ) is a 1966 Indian Kannada-language film, directed by M. R. Vittal and produced by Srikanth Nahatha and Srikanth Patel. The film stars Rajkumar, K. S. Ashwath, Leelavathi and Jayanthi. The film has musical score by R. Sudarshanam. This is the only movie where Leelavathi played the role of Rajkumar's sister-in-law. The movie is an official adaptation of the National Award winning 1964 Malayalam movie Kudumbini.

This was singer K. J. Yesudas's second movie which had Rajkumar in the lead role - the  first one being Ondaguva Mundaguva from Chandavalliya Thota (1964) which however was not picturized on Rajkumar. Thus, this became the only movie where Rajkumar lip synced to Yesudas' voice who sang two songs in the movie - Too Too Too Bedappa and Henne Ninna Kannanota. The movie is also noticeable for not having any songs by P.B. Sreenivas.

Jayanthi (actress)
Kamala Kumari (6 January 1945 – 26 July 2021), known by her stage name Jayanthi, was an Indian actress known for her work in Kannada cinema and Telugu cinema. She was noted for her contributions to different genres of films from the 1960s, 1970s and early 1980s. She had appeared in over 500 films in various languages, including Kannada, Telugu, Tamil, Malayalam, Hindi and Marathi.

Jayanthi has been recipient of seven Karnataka State Film Awards, four times as Best Actress and twice as Best Supporting Actress, the President's Medal for Best Actress and two Filmfare Awards for Best Actress. She has been cited as Kannada cinema's "most bold and beautiful" actress by various media outlets, a title for which she has received substantial publicity. The Kannada film industry honored her with the title "Abhinaya Sharadhe", (Goddess Sharada in acting).
Tithal
Tithal is an out growth in Valsad district of Gujarat. Tithal is located around 4.1 kilometer away from its district headquarter Valsad. It is known for its beach with brownish-black color soil. Swaminarayan temple, Saibaba temple and Shantidham temple are local places of worship in Tithal.

Out growth
An out growth (OG) is an urban settlement contiguous to another urban area (such as a statutory town, census town, or city) that possesses urban characteristics but is not qualified as an independent town. It should not possess any uninhabited areas, and should be strictly contiguous with the town.

The 2011 Census of India defined it as:

A viable unit such as a village or part of a village contiguous to a statutory town and possess the urban features in terms of infrastructure and amenities such as pucca roads, electricity, taps, drainage system, educational institutions, post offices, medical facilities, banks etc.

Examples of OGs are Railway colonies, university colonies and port areas, that may come up near a city or statutory towns outside its statutory limits but within the revenue limit of a village or villages contiguous to the town or city.
Diffeomorphism
In mathematics, a diffeomorphism is an isomorphism of differentiable manifolds. It is an invertible function that maps one differentiable manifold to another such that both the function and its inverse are continuously differentiable.

Inverse function
In mathematics, the inverse function of a function f (also called the inverse of f) is a function that undoes the operation of f. The inverse of f exists if and only if f is bijective, and if it exists, is denoted by

For a function , its inverse  admits an explicit description:  it sends each element  to the unique element  such that f(x) = y.

As an example, consider the real-valued function of a real variable given by f(x) = 5x − 7. One can think of f as the function which multiplies its input by 5 then subtracts 7 from the result. To undo this, one adds 7 to the input, then divides the result by 5. Therefore, the inverse of f is the function  defined by
1863 Florida's 1st congressional district special election
A special election to the Confederate States House of Representatives for Florida's 1st congressional district was held February 2, 1863.

The winning candidate would serve the remainder of a two-year term in the Confederate States House of Representatives to represent Florida in the 1st Confederate Congress from February 3, 1863, to February 18, 1864.

Florida Senate
The Florida Senate is the upper house of the Florida Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Florida, the Florida House of Representatives being the lower house. Article III, Section 1 of the Constitution of Florida, adopted in 1968, defines the role of the Legislature and how it is to be constituted. The Senate is composed of 40 members, each elected from a single-member district with a population of approximately 540,000 residents. The Senate Chamber is located in the State Capitol building.

The Republicans hold a supermajority in the chamber with 27 seats; Democrats are in the minority with 11 seats. One seat is held by an independent, and one seat is vacant.
Kasai Allstars
Kasai Allstars are a 25-piece musical collective based in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. The musicians are from the Kasaï region, originating from five different ethnic groups: the Songye, Lulua, Tetela, Luba, and Luntu. The collective includes members active in bands, including Masanka Sankayi and Basokin.

Some of these groups have endured conflicting relationships over the centuries, and they each have their own culture, their own language, and their own musical traditions. These were always thought to be incompatible until the musicians decided to pool their resources and form a collective.

Their records were produced, recorded & mixed by Vincent Kenis, a Belgian producer with interest in Congolese music.

Luba people
The Luba people or Baluba are a Bantu ethno-linguistic group indigenous to the south-central region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The majority of them live in this country, residing mainly in Katanga, Kasaï, Kasaï-Oriental, Kasaï-Central, Lomami and Maniema. The Baluba consist of many sub-groups or clans.

The Baluba developed a society and culture by about the 400s CE, later developing a well-organised community in the Upemba Depression known as the Baluba in Katanga confederation. Luba society consisted of miners, smiths, woodworkers, potters, crafters, and people of various other professions. They found relative success over time, but this eventually caused their gradual decline with the Portuguese and Omani empires led or influenced invasions.
Audubon, Louisville
Audubon is a neighborhood in Louisville, Kentucky, United States.  Its boundaries are Clarks Lane to the north, Poplar Level Road to the east, Preston Highway to the west, and the city of Audubon Park to the south. The smaller city of Parkway Village is surrounded by Audubon.  George Rogers Clark Park, the site of a cabin owned by the parents of George Rogers Clark, is a prominent feature of the neighborhood.

The northern part of the neighborhood was developed by Harold W. Miller in the 1940s, taking advantage of the popularity of nearby Audubon Park, by subdividing the land into small lots and building inexpensive homes. The southern part of the neighborhood became the site of John J. Audubon Elementary School with the remainder being developed as the Glenafton subdivision in the mid-1960s.

Audubon Park, Kentucky
Audubon Park is a home rule-class city in central Jefferson County, Kentucky, United States. The population was 1,433 as of the 2020 census, down from 1,473 at the 2010 census. It is located about 5 miles (8 km) south of downtown Louisville and is surrounded on all sides by the city of Louisville.
Pulman
Pulman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Cory Pulman (born 1963), English actress now known by her married name Cory Pulman-Jones

Doug Pulman (1946–2011), New Zealand rower

Elizabeth Pulman (1836–1900), New Zealand photographer

Felicity Pulman (born 1945), Australian author

George Pulman (1819–1880), English journalist

Jack Pulman (1929–1979), English television screenwriter

James Pulman (1783–1859), English officer of arms

James Heard Pulman (1821–1900), House of Lords Librarian

John Pulman (1923–1998), English professional snooker player

Liza Pulman, English singer and actress

Officer of arms
An officer of arms is a person appointed by a sovereign or state with authority to perform one or more of the following functions:

to control and initiate armorial matters;

to arrange and participate in ceremonies of state;

to conserve and interpret heraldic and genealogical records.
Anna Larsson (contralto)
Anna Larsson (born 10 September 1966) is a Swedish contralto. As a student she attended the Adolf Fredrik's Music School in Stockholm. Her international debut was made with the Berlin Philharmonic and the conductor Claudio Abbado in a performance of Gustav Mahler's Symphony No. 2 in 1997. In 2005 received a Grammy nomination for her recording of Richard Strauss Daphne together with WDR Symphony Orchestra Cologne conducted by Semyon Bychkov.

In 2010, she was appointed Hovsångerska (i.e. ’courtsinger’ - cf. ’Kammersänger/in’ in Austria) by Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden

Claudio Abbado
Claudio Abbado OMRI (Italian pronunciation: [ˈklaudjo abˈbaːdo]; 26 June 1933 – 20 January 2014) was an Italian conductor who was one of the leading conductors of his generation. He served as music director of the La Scala opera house in Milan, principal conductor of the Berlin Philharmonic, principal conductor of the London Symphony Orchestra, principal guest conductor of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, music director of the Vienna State Opera, founder and director of the Lucerne Festival Orchestra, founder and director of the Mahler Chamber Orchestra, founding artistic director of the Orchestra Mozart and music director of the European Union Youth Orchestra. He was recipient of the Ernst von Siemens Music Prize and Senator for life in Italy.
Levitated Dipole Experiment
The Levitated Dipole Experiment (LDX) was an experiment investigating the generation of fusion power using the concept of a levitated dipole. The device was the first of its kind to test the levitated dipole concept and was funded by the US Department of Energy.  The machine was also part of a collaboration between the MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center and Columbia University, where another (non-levitated) dipole experiment, the Collisionless Terrella Experiment (CTX), was located.

LDX ceased operations in November 2011 when its funding from the Department of Energy ended as resources were being diverted to tokamak research.

Electromagnetic induction
Electromagnetic induction or magnetic induction is the production of an electromotive force (emf) across an electrical conductor in a changing magnetic field.

Michael Faraday is generally credited with the discovery of induction in 1831, and James Clerk Maxwell mathematically described it as Faraday's law of induction. Lenz's law describes the direction of the induced field. Faraday's law was later generalized to become the Maxwell–Faraday equation, one of the four Maxwell equations in his theory of electromagnetism.

Electromagnetic induction has found many applications, including electrical components such as inductors and transformers, and devices such as electric motors and generators.