hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Namibian Newspaper Cup
The Namibian Newspaper Cup is an under-20 association football tournament for the top men's U-20 players in Namibia. It also promotes women's football in Namibia by holding a match between top Namibian women's squad prior to the final. it is sponsored by the newspaper The Namibian. The Namibia Football Association considers it preparation for the All Africa Games and Summer Olympics. The event has been held in Walvis Bay, Oshakati, Gobabis, Otjiwarongo, Mariental and Keetmanshoop. The 2009 version was held from 10 April to 13 April at Sam Nujoma Stadium in Katutura, Windhoek.

Katutura
Katutura (Otjiherero for We do not settle) is a township of Windhoek, Khomas Region, Namibia. Katutura was created in 1961 following the forced removal of Windhoek's black population from the Old Location, which afterwards was developed into the suburb of Hochland Park. Sam Nujoma Stadium, built in 2005, is located within Katutura. Katutura Community Radio, a community-based radio station, also operates from the township. Katutura State Hospital, one of two State Hospitals in the Windhoek area, is located in the township.
Opopanax (perfumery)
Opopanax is the commercial name of bisabol or bissabol, the fragrant oleo-gum-resin of Commiphora guidottii. It has been a major export article from Somalia since ancient times, and is called hebbakhade, habaghadi or habak hadi (habbak haddi) in Somali. It is an important ingredient in perfumery and therefore known as scented myrrh, sweet myrrh, perfumed myrrh or perfumed bdellium.

Sometimes the oleo-gum-resin of Commiphora holtziana (often treated as a synonym of C. erythraea or C. kataf), called habak hagar, habaq hagar ad or habbak harr in Somali, is also sold under the name of opopanax.

Natural gum
Natural gums are polysaccharides of natural origin, capable of causing a large increase in a solution's viscosity, even at small concentrations. They are mostly botanical gums, found in the woody elements of plants or in seed coatings.
Time Bank Zimbabwe
Time Bank Zimbabwe Limited, also referred to as Time Bank Zimbabwe, but commonly known as Time Bank,  is commercial bank in Zimbabwe. It is one of the seventeen licensed commercial banks in the country.

Commercial bank
A commercial bank is a financial institution that accepts deposits from the public and gives loans to its clients to make a profit.

It can also refer to a bank or a division of a larger bank that deals with wholesale banking to corporations or large or middle-sized businesses, to differentiate from retail banks and investment banks. Commercial banks include private sector banks and public sector banks. However, central banks function differently from commercial banks, despite a common misconception known as the "bank analogy". Unlike commercial banks, central banks are not primarily focused on generating profits and cannot become insolvent in the same way as commercial banks in a fiat currency system.
Nematoida
Nematoida is a clade of pseudocoelomate free living or parasitic animals. It consists of phyla Nematoda and Nematomorpha. The two groups share a number of features in common; the presence of a cloaca in both sexes, aflagellate sperm, and a cuticle made of collagen.

Its position within Ecdysozoa is uncontroversial, but the identity of their closest relatives has been debated. Under the Cycloneuralia hypothesis, the nematoids are considered to be closest to Scalidophora, named for the ring-shaped brains found in these animals. However, this group has seen less support in phylogenetic analyses, with the Cryptovermes hypothesis being more consistently supported, which groups the nematoids with the panarthropods, although the issue is still not completely settled.

Cloaca
A cloaca (/kloʊˈeɪkə/ ⓘ kloh-AY-kə), pl.: cloacae (/kloʊˈeɪsi/ kloh-AY-see or /kloʊˈeɪki/ kloh-AY-kee), or vent, is the rear orifice that serves as the only opening for the digestive (rectum), reproductive, and urinary tracts (if present) of many vertebrate animals. All amphibians, reptiles, birds, cartilaginous fish and a few mammals (monotremes, afrosoricids, and marsupial moles) have this orifice, from which they excrete both urine and feces; this is in contrast to most placental mammals, which have separate orifices for evacuation and reproduction. Excretory openings with analogous purpose in some invertebrates are also sometimes called cloacae. Mating through the cloaca is called cloacal copulation and cloacal kissing.

The cloacal region is also often associated with a secretory organ, the cloacal gland, which has been implicated in the scent-marking behavior of some reptiles, marsupials, amphibians, and monotremes.
Sigaus piliferus
Sigaus piliferus is a species of short-horned grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It is found in New Zealand. Sigaus piliferus is restricted to alpine and sub-alpine habitats in North Island New Zealand. This grasshopper species has two ecotypes - the shrubland form in the north with relatively long legs and the alpine form in the south. The two ecotypes were probably isolated during the last glacial maximum but are now in contact in the central volcanic region of North Island.

Acrididae
Acrididae are the predominant family of grasshoppers, comprising some 10,000 of the 11,000 species of the entire suborder Caelifera. The Acrididae are best known because all locusts (swarming grasshoppers) are of the Acrididae. The subfamily Oedipodinae is sometimes classified as a distinct family Oedipodidae in the superfamily Acridoidea. Acrididae grasshoppers are characterized by relatively short and stout antennae (so they may be called "short-horned grasshoppers"), and tympana on the side of the first abdominal segment.
Journal of Optics (IOP Publishing journal)
The Journal of Optics is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering all aspects of modern and classical optics, experimental and theoretical studies, applications and instrumentation. It is the official journal of the European Optical Society and is published by IOP Publishing. The editor-in-chief is Andrew Forbes (University of the Witwatersrand). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2024 impact factor of 2.7.

Instrumentation
Instrumentation is a collective term for measuring instruments, used for indicating, measuring, and recording physical quantities. It is also a field of study about the art and science about making measurement instruments, involving the related areas of metrology, automation, and control theory. The term has its origins in the art and science of scientific instrument-making.

Instrumentation can refer to devices as simple as direct-reading thermometers, or as complex as multi-sensor components of industrial control systems. Instruments can be found in laboratories, refineries, factories and vehicles, as well as in everyday household use (e.g., smoke detectors and thermostats).
Basic Education High School No. 3 Shwebo
Basic Education High School No. 3 Shwebo (Burmese: အခြေခံပညာ အထက်တန်းကျောင်း အမှတ် (၃) ရွှေဘို; commonly known as Shwebo 3 High School) is a public high school located in Shwebo, Sagaing Region, Myanmar.

Sagaing Region
Sagaing Region (Burmese: စစ်ကိုင်းတိုင်းဒေသကြီး, pronounced [zəɡáɪ̯ɰ̃ táɪ̯ɰ̃ dèθa̰ dʑí]; formerly Sagaing Division) is an administrative region of Myanmar, located in the north-western part of the country between latitude 21° 30' north and longitude 94° 97' east. It is bordered by Chin State and India's Nagaland, Manipur, and Arunachal Pradesh states to the west and north, Kachin State, Shan State, and Mandalay Region to the east and Mandalay Region and Magway Region to the south. The Ayeyarwady River forms a greater part of its eastern and also southern boundary. Sagaing Region has an area of 93,527 square kilometres (36,111 sq mi), making it the second-largest subdivision of Myanmar. In 1996, it had a population of over 5,300,000, while its population in 2012 was 6,600,000. The urban population 2012 was 1,230,000, and the rural population was 5,360,000. The namesake of Sagaing Region is Sagaing but the administrative capital and largest city is Monywa.
Ifè people (Togo)
The Ifè people also known as the  Ana, Atakpame or Baate people, are an ethnic group of Benin and Togo. In Togo, the Ifè are indigenously concentrated around Atakpame, primarily in the Gnagna (Ñaña) and Djama (Jama) quarters, and on the vertical land strip between the towns of Glei and Sokode on the west and the Togo-Benin international border in the east. In Benin, they are found domiciled in the area between the aforementioned border and the town of Savalou.

Ethnologists identify the Ifè (Ana) as the most western of the Yoruba subgroups. In fact, the Ana trace their origins to Ife, and their language is also called Ifè, which has more than 400,000 speakers.

Tchetti
Tchetti is an arrondissement in the Collines department of Benin. It is an administrative division under the jurisdiction of the commune of Savalou. According to the population census conducted by the Institut National de la Statistique Benin on February 15, 2002, the arrondissement had a total population of 8,284.
Topher
Topher, and  less commonly Toph, are abbreviations of the name Christopher.

Notable people with the name include:

Topher Campbell, British director of film, television and theatre

Topher Grace (born 1978), American actor

Topher Payne (born 1979), American playwright and screenwriter

Topher Ricketts (1955–2010), Filipino martial artist, teacher, actor and author

Christopher Ricketts
Christopher Naldo Ricketts (also "Topher" Ricketts; March 21, 1955–October 5, 2010) was a well-known Filipino martial arts innovator, teacher, actor and author. He was also one of the chief founders and head instructors of Bakbakan International and the eldest brother of the action star Ronnie Ricketts.
Samjhauta Express
The Samjhauta Express (transl. Agreement Express) was a twice-weekly train, Thursday and Monday, that ran between Delhi and Attari in India and  Lahore in Pakistan. In Hindustani (Hindi-Urdu), the word "समझौता/سمجھوتا" (samjhauta) means an "agreement" or an "accord", especially one arising out of a compromise.

Until the reopening of the Thar Express, this was the only rail connection between the two countries. The train was started on 22 July 1976 following the Simla Agreement and ran between Amritsar and Lahore, a distance of about 50.2 km. Following disturbances in Punjab in the late 1980s, due to security reasons Indian Railways decided to terminate the service at Attari, where customs and immigration clearances take place. On 14 April 2000, in an agreement between Indian Railways and Pakistan Railways (PR), the distance was revised to cover just under three km.

Hindustani orthography
Hindustani (standardized Hindi and standardized Urdu) has been written in several different scripts.  Most Hindi texts are written in the Devanagari script, which is derived from the Brāhmī script of Ancient India. Most Urdu texts are written in the Urdu alphabet, which comes from the Persian alphabet. Hindustani has been written in both scripts. In recent years, the Latin script has been used in these languages for technological or internationalization reasons. Historically, Kaithi script has also been used.
Kwaśny
Kwaśny, feminine: Kwaśna is surname of:

Dorota Kwaśna (born 1972), Polish cross country skier

Mary Kwasny (née Morrissey), American biostatistician

Joanna Nowicka (née Kwaśna; born 1966), Polish archer

Suzanne Kwasny

Ursula Kwasny (born 1952), German politician

Zdzisław Kwaśny (born 1960), Polish hammer thrower

Joanna Nowicka
Joanna  Nowicka (née Kwaśna born 25 July 1966 in Kołobrzeg) is a Polish archer, who competed in four consecutive Summer Olympics, starting in 1988. At the 1996 Olympic Games she won the bronze medal in the Women's Team Competition (together with Iwona Dzięcioł and Katarzyna Klata).

For her sport achievements, she received: 
 Silver Cross of Merit in 1996.
Great Lake to Lake Trail Route 1
The Great Lake to Lake Trail Route 1 is a 275-mile trail route connecting South Haven on the west side of Michigan to Port Huron on the east side, forming a route between Lake Michigan and Lake Huron for cyclists and hikers. The route incorporates several preexisting rail trails and, although 78 percent complete, some on-road gaps are present.

South Haven, Michigan
South Haven is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan. Most of the city is in Van Buren County, although a small portion extends into Allegan County. The population was 3,964 at the 2020 census.

Because of its position on Lake Michigan, at the mouth of the Black River, South Haven has always been a port city. During settlement, major ship lines stopped there, both passenger and freight. In the early 1900s South Haven became a resort town, sometimes referred to as "The Catskills of the Midwest." South Haven is a major regional tourist draw because of its recreational harbor and beaches. It is the western terminus of the Kal-Haven Trail, popular with bicyclists and snowmobilers. Nearby are Van Buren State Park and the Van Buren Trail State Park.

Noted botanist Liberty Hyde Bailey was born in South Haven. His childhood home was presented to the city in the 1930s, and is now a museum.
Ritam (Novi Sad magazine)
Ritam (Serbian Cyrillic: Ритам, trans. Rhythm) was a Yugoslav music magazine. Prior to the appearance of Ritam, there were Yugoslav magazines dedicated to jazz, but Ritam, founded in 1962, was the first Yugoslav magazine which dealt with jazz as well as rock and pop music, thus paving the way for Yugoslav rock magazines like Džuboks and Pop Express.

Music magazine
A music magazine is a magazine dedicated to music and music culture. Such magazines typically include music news, interviews, photo shoots, essays, record reviews, concert reviews and occasionally have a covermount with recorded music.
John Butt (politician)
John C. Butt (born September 24, 1941) is a former politician in Newfoundland. He represented Conception Bay South in the Newfoundland House of Assembly from 1979 to 1989.

Butt was born in Pouch Cove. He served on the town council for Conception Bay South. He was elected to the Newfoundland assembly in 1979 and served in the provincial cabinet as Minister of Environment and Lands and as Minister of Culture, Recreation and Youth. Butt was defeated by Pat Cowan when he ran for reelection in 1989.

Conception Bay South (electoral district)
Conception Bay South is a provincial electoral district for the House of Assembly of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. In 2011 there were 9,938 eligible voters living within the district.

Composed of part of the town of Conception Bay South. A mix of rural and suburban populations, especially as the town of Conception Bay South grows. The district includes the communities of Foxtrap, Long Pond, Manuels, Kelligrews and part of Chamberlains. It is part of the St. John's metropolitan area.

The riding was created for the 1975 election from Harbour Main and St. John's North.
Kantō Soccer League
Kantō Soccer League (関東サッカーリーグ, Kantō Sakkā Rīgu), abbreviated as KSL,  is the Japanese fifth tier of league football, which is part of the Japanese Regional Leagues. It covers most of the Kantō region, as well as the prefectures of Chiba, Gunma, Ibaraki, Kanagawa, Saitama, Tochigi, Tokyo and Yamanashi. Its area is thus coextensive with the National Capital Region.

Greater Tokyo Area
The Greater Tokyo Area is the third most populous metropolitan area in the world, consisting of the Kantō region of Japan (including Tokyo Metropolis and the prefectures of Chiba, Gunma, Ibaraki, Kanagawa, Saitama, and Tochigi) as well as the prefecture of Yamanashi of the neighboring Chūbu region. In Japanese, it is referred to by various terms, one of the most common being Capital Region (首都圏, Shuto-ken).

As of 2026, the United Nations estimates the total population at 36,954,512. It is the second-largest single metropolitan area in the world in terms of built-up or urban function landmass at 8,547 square kilometres (3,300 sq mi), behind only the New York City metropolitan area at 4,495 square miles (11,640 km2). With around US$1.8 trillion in GDP, Tokyo remains the second-largest metropolitan economy in the world, also behind New York.
Oliver Barbosa
Oliver Barbosa (born September 29, 1986) is a Filipino chess grandmaster. He earned his International Master title in 2008 and his grandmaster title in 2011. Barbosa won the 10th Parsvnath International Grandmasters Tournament in New Delhi, with 9.5/11 and an astounding Tournament Performance Rating (TPR) of 2710.  By winning the said tournament, he also raised his ELO Live Rating from 2573 to 2627 as he gained 53.8 ELO rating points. He earned his first GM norm in the Asian Individual in Mashad, Iran and his second norm in the Philippines National Championships. In 2014, he tied for 1st–2nd with Francisco Vallejo Pons in the Thailand Open Chess Championship.

He has trained with Wesley So and John Paul Gomez. These days, he coaches kids at the Speyer School.

The Speyer School
Note: this article is about two distinct but related schools for gifted education in New York City, USA: the Speyer Legacy School (founded 2009, ongoing), and the Speyer School (1935-1941). The present-day school is named after the earlier one, and takes its inspiration from the approach to gifted education that was developed there.
Mehdi Khazali
Mehdi Khazali (Persian: مهدی خزعلی, also Romanized as Mahdi Khazali; born November 25, 1965) is an Iranian publisher, physician, blogger and son of a leading right-wing cleric and former Counsel of Guardians member, Ayatollah Abolghasem Khazali. He is also an Islamic scholar and the director of the Hayyan Cultural Institute in Tehran. Contrary to the legacy of his father - who is a strong supporter of Iranian President Ahmedinejad - he opposes the excessive mixing of religion and government and believes it can be harmful in modern society. He is one of the strongest critics of the government in Iran. He was a presidential candidate at the 2017 election, but was disqualified by the Guardian Council.

Guardian Council
The Guardian Council (also called Council of Guardians or Constitutional Council, Persian: شورای نگهبان, romanized: Shourā-ye Negahbān) is a 12-member council that wields considerable power and influence in the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Per the Constitution of Iran, the council has three mandates, namely having a veto power over legislation passed by the Islamic Consultative Assembly, supervising elections, and approving or disqualifying candidates seeking to run in local, parliamentary, presidential, or Assembly of Experts elections.

The Council is composed of Islamic clerics and lawyers. Membership is for phased six-year terms: half the membership changes every three years. The Supreme Leader of Iran directly appoints the six clerics, and may dismiss them at will. The Chief Justice of Iran nominates six lawyers for confirmation by the Islamic Consultative Assembly.
Doebner–Miller reaction
The Doebner–Miller reaction is the organic reaction of an aniline with α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds to form quinolines.

This reaction is also known as the Skraup-Doebner-Von Miller quinoline synthesis, and is named after the Czech chemist Zdenko Hans Skraup (1850–1910), and the Germans Oscar Döbner (Doebner) (1850–1907) and Wilhelm von Miller (1848–1899). When the α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound is prepared in situ from two carbonyl compounds (via an Aldol condensation), the reaction is known as the Beyer method for quinolines.

The reaction is catalyzed by Lewis acids such as tin tetrachloride and scandium(III) triflate and Brønsted acids such as p-toluenesulfonic acid, perchloric acid, amberlite and iodine.

Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory
The Brønsted–Lowry theory (also called proton theory of acids and bases) is an acid–base reaction theory, developed independently in 1923 by physical chemists Johannes Nicolaus Brønsted (in Denmark) and Thomas Martin Lowry (in the United Kingdom). The basic concept of this theory is that when an acid and a base react with each other, the acid forms its conjugate base, and the base forms its conjugate acid by exchange of a proton (the hydrogen cation, or H+). This theory generalises the Arrhenius theory.
1878 Minnesota State Auditor election
The 1878 Minnesota State Auditor election was held on November 5, 1878, in order to elect the state auditor of Minnesota. Republican nominee and incumbent state auditor Orlan P. Whitcomb defeated Democratic nominee and former Mayor of Stillwater Mahlon Black, Greenback nominee Orin H. Page and Prohibition nominee Theodore G. Carter.

Stillwater, Minnesota
Stillwater is a city in the U.S. state of Minnesota and the county seat of Washington County. It is in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan area, on the west bank of the St. Croix River, across from Houlton, Wisconsin. Stillwater's population was 19,394 at the 2020 census. Stillwater is often called "the birthplace of Minnesota" due to its role in the establishment of the state.
Való Világ (franchise)
Való Világ is a reality game show franchise developed by Magyar RTL Televízió, the Hungarian branch of RTL Group to compete with Big Brother. The first season of Való Világ launched on 11 September 2002, and has been followed by seven more seasons, as well as a Czechoslovak incarnation from 2005 titled VyVolení.

In 2015, RTL Hungary purchased the rights to produce the Hungarian version of Big Brother and announced to merge the two formats under the name Való Világ powered by Big Brother.

RTL Group
RTL Group S.A. ("Radio Télévision Luxembourg") is a Luxembourg-based international media conglomerate owned by the Mohn Family, with another corporate office in Cologne, Germany. The company operates 56 television channels and 36 radio stations in Germany, France and other European countries. It also offers national streaming platforms, content productions and a range of digital services. Important segments of RTL Group are RTL Deutschland, Groupe M6 and Fremantle.

The company in its present form was established by Bertelsmann, Groupe Bruxelles Lambert (GBL), and Pearson plc in 2000. As of 2024 Bertelsmann, a conglomerate based in the German city of Gütersloh owns 76% of the shares in the company, after holding a stake of more than 90% in the past. RTL Group is one of a total of eight divisions of Bertelsmann: It is responsible for more than a third of its revenue and a large share of its operating profit.

It is one of the founding members of the European Broadcasting Union.
Jón Ásgeirsson
Jón Ásgeirsson (full name: Jón Gunnar Ásgeirsson, 11 October 1928 – 21 November 2025) was an Icelandic composer, teacher, and conductor. He is known for his songs and choral arrangements, many of which remain highly popular in Iceland.

Choir of Clare College, Cambridge
The Choir of Clare College, Cambridge, is a mixed-voice choir whose primary function is to lead services in the chapel of Clare College, Cambridge. Since its founding in 1972, the choir has gained an international reputation as one of the leading university choral groups in the world.
In-young
In-young is a Korean given name.

People with this name include:

Choi In-young (born 1962), South Korean football player

Hwang In-young (born 1978), South Korean actress

Park Inyoung (born 1982), South Korean singer

Seo In-young (born 1984), South Korean singer

Yoo In-young (born Yoo Hyo-min, 1984), South Korean actress

Hong In-young (born 1985), South Korean actress

Song In-young (born 1990), South Korean football player

Hwang In-young
Hwang In-young (Korean: 황인영; born November 23, 1978) is a South Korean actress. She officially made her acting debut in 1999, and has since starred in films, television series and theater.

Hwang also launched the fashion shop 175.5 in 2005, the internet shopping mall White Soda in 2007, and the clothing brand Voet in 2008.