hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Attalus of Rhodes
Attalus of Rhodes (Greek: Ἄτταλος ὁ Ῥόδιος) was an ancient Greek grammarian, astronomer, and mathematician, who lived in Rhodes in the 2nd century BC, and was a contemporary of Hipparchus. He wrote a commentary on the Phaenomena of Aratus. Although this work is lost, Hipparchus cites him in his Commentary on the Phaenomena of Eudoxus and Aratus. Attalus sought to defend both Aratus and Eudoxus against criticisms from contemporary astronomers and mathematicians.

Book IV of Apollonius of Perga's Conics is addressed to someone named Attalus, and it has been suggested that this may have been Attalus of Rhodes. However, this is not a good match chronologically, and Attalus was a common name at the time, so the connection is only speculative.

Eudoxus of Cnidus
Eudoxus of Cnidus (/ˈjuːdəksəs/; Ancient Greek: Εὔδοξος ὁ Κνίδιος, Eúdoxos ho Knídios; c. 390 – c. 340 BC) was an ancient Greek astronomer, mathematician, doctor, and lawmaker. He was a student of Archytas and Plato. All of his original works are lost, though some fragments are preserved in Hipparchus's Commentaries on the Phenomena of Aratus and Eudoxus. Spherics by Theodosius of Bithynia may be based on a work by Eudoxus.
2016 Heartland Championship
The 2016 Heartland Championship, known as the 2016 Mitre 10 Heartland Championship for sponsorship reasons, was the eleventh edition of the Heartland Championship, a rugby union competition involving the twelve amateur rugby unions in New Zealand. The tournament included a round-robin stage in which the twelve teams played eight games each and then the top four advanced to the Meads Cup semifinals, while fifth to eighth advanced to the Lochore Cup semifinals. In both of these knockout stages the top seeds (first and fifth) played at home against the lowest seeds (fourth and eighth), the second highest seeds (second and sixth) played at home against the third highest seeds (third and seventh) and the final had the higher seed play at home against the lower seed.

Heartland Championship
The Heartland Championship is an annual round-robin rugby union competition in men's domestic New Zealand rugby. First played in 2006, it is the third highest level of competition in New Zealand alongside the Ranfurly Shield. It is organised by New Zealand Rugby (NZR) and since 2021, it has been known as the Bunnings Heartland Championship after Bunnings, its naming rights sponsor.

Following the 2005 National Provincial Championship the NPC was restructured into two competitions. The Heartland Championship would include semi-professional and amateur players, and consist of the bottom twelve populated and performing regional teams. The higher ranked teams would compete in the reformed professional National Provincial Championship.
Frederick Gaddum
Frederick Ducange Gaddum (28 June 1860 – 14 October 1900) was an English cricketer active from 1880 to 1884 who played for Cambridge University and Lancashire. He appeared in eleven first-class matches as a lefthanded batsman who bowled slow left arm orthodox. He scored 87 runs with a highest score of 16 and held nine catches. He took 21 wickets with a best analysis of four for 34.

Gaddum was born in Didsbury (now a suburb of Manchester) and educated at Uppingham, Rugby and St John's College, Cambridge. After graduating from Cambridge he became a merchant in Manchester. He died in Stockport from the result of a bicycle accident.

Uppingham School
Uppingham School is a public school (English fee-charging boarding and day school for pupils 13–18) in Uppingham, Rutland, England, founded in 1584 by Robert Johnson, the Archdeacon of Leicester, who also established Oakham School. The headmaster, Richard Maloney, belongs to the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference and the school to the Rugby Group of British independent schools. Edward Thring was the school's best-known headmaster (in 1853–1887). His curriculum changes were adopted in other English public schools. John Wolfenden, headmaster from 1934 to 1944, chaired the Wolfenden Committee, whose report recommending the decriminalisation of homosexuality appeared in 1957. Uppingham has a musical tradition based on work by Paul David and Robert Sterndale Bennett. It has the biggest playing-field area of any school in England, in three separate areas of the town: Leicester to the west, Middle to the south, and Upper to the east.
Hristoforos Hoidis
Hristoforos Hoidis (Greek: Χριστόφορος Χοϊδης; born 10 September 1978) is a Greek sprinter who specialized in the 100 metres.

He competed at the 2004 Olympic Games and the 1999 World Championships, but did not reach the final.

His personal best time was 10.14 seconds, achieved in June 2004 in Plovdiv. This ranks him third among Greek 100 metres sprinters, only behind Angelos Pavlakakis and Aristotelis Gavelas.

In 2005 Hoidis was found guilty of doping. He received an IAAF suspension from July 2005 to July 2007.

Aristotelis Gavelas
Aristotelis ("Aris") Gavelas (Greek: Αριστοτέλης Γκαβέλας, born 10 November 1978) is a retired Greek sprinter who specialized in the 100 metres.

He finished sixth at the 2002 European Championships and won the gold medal at the 2001 Mediterranean Games, the latter in a career best time of 10.14 seconds. In Greece only Angelos Pavlakakis has run faster. Gavelas also competed at the 2003 World Indoor Championships without reaching the finals.
Dowlais Ironworks
The Dowlais Ironworks was a major ironworks and steelworks located at Dowlais near Merthyr Tydfil, in Wales.  Founded in the 18th century, it operated until the end of the 20th, at one time in the 19th century being the largest steel producer in the UK.  Dowlais Ironworks was the first business to license the Bessemer process, using it to produce steel in 1865. Dowlais Ironworks was one of the four principal ironworks in Merthyr.  The other three were Cyfarthfa, Plymouth, and Penydarren Ironworks. In 1936 Dowlais played a part in the events leading to the abdication crisis of Edward VIII, when the King visited the steelworks and was reported as saying that "these works brought these men here. Something must be done to get them back to work", a statement which was seen as political interference. The steelworks closed in 1987.

Plymouth Ironworks
The Plymouth Ironworks was a major 18th- and 19th-century ironworks located on land leased from the Earl of Plymouth at Merthyr Tydfil, in South Wales. The metal produced was considered to be the finest in South Wales.

The Ironworks was established by John Guest and Isaac Wilkinson in 1763, but the venture was unsuccessful and transferred to Anthony Bacon in 1765. On his death in 1788, Richard Hill became the owner. Anthony Hill, a later owner, adopted the Bessemer process. On his death in 1862, the company was taken over by Fothergill, Hankey, and Bateman until its closure in 1882.
Dayle Rooney
Dayle Rooney (born 24 February 1998) is an Irish professional footballer who plays as a winger for League of Ireland Premier Division club Bohemians, having previously played for Drogheda United and Shelbourne, where he started his career.

2016–17 Leinster Senior Cup
The 2017 Leinster Senior Cup was the 116th staging of the Leinster Football Association's primary competition. It included all Leinster based League of Ireland clubs from the First Division and Premier Division, as well as a selection of intermediate level sides. The competition was won by Shelbourne.
Branko Kovačević (volleyball)
Branko Kovačević (Serbian Cyrillic: Бранко Ковачевић, born 27 February 1967) is a Serbian volleyball coach. He is currently the head coach of Olympiacos Piraeus women's volleyball team and the assistant coach of Serbia women's national volleyball team.

A1 Ethniki Women's Volleyball
The Greek Women's Volleyball League is organised by Hellenic Volleyball Federation (Greek:Ελληνική Ομοσπονδία Πετοσφαίρισης).
Panathinaikos won the first championship in 1971. During the first decade, Panathinaikos and ZAON Kifissia dominated. Panathinaikos have won 26 championships.
Indiana Subdivision
The Indiana Subdivision is a railroad line owned and operated by CSX Transportation in the U.S. states of Ohio and Indiana. The line runs from Cincinnati, Ohio, west to Washington, Indiana, along a former Baltimore and Ohio Railroad line.

At its east end, the Indiana Subdivision becomes the Cincinnati Terminal Subdivision; it continues west as the Illinois Subdivision. Along the way, the line intersects the Hoosier Subdivision at Mitchell, Indiana.

Cincinnati Terminal Subdivision
The Cincinnati Terminal Subdivision is a railroad line owned by CSX Transportation in the U.S. states of Kentucky and Ohio. The line is part of the CSX Transportation Louisville Division and the Northern Region. There are seven sections to the Cincinnati Terminal Subdivision. The seven sections are as follows:

Butler St. to Winton Pl. – Hamilton, Ohio to Cincinnati, Ohio (19.1 miles)

Hamilton to Belt Junction – Hamilton, Ohio (1.5 miles)

(Hamilton Belt Line tracks have been removed).

NA Tower to CT Junction – Cincinnati, Ohio (6.6 miles)

RH West to CT Junction – Cincinnati, Ohio (4.8 miles)

CT Junction to Spring Lake – Cincinnati, Ohio to Covington, Kentucky (9.5 miles)

NX Cabin to South Latonia – Covington, Kentucky (4.4 miles)

Melbourne to KC Junction – Melbourne, Kentucky to Covington, Kentucky (12.6 miles)
Council of Jerusalem
The Council of Jerusalem or Apostolic Council is a council described in chapter 15 of the Acts of the Apostles, held in Jerusalem c. AD 48–50.

The council decided that Gentiles who converted to Christianity were not obligated to keep most of the rules prescribed to the Jews by the Mosaic Law, such as Jewish dietary laws and other specific rituals, including the rules concerning circumcision of males. The council did, however, retain the prohibitions on eating blood or meat containing blood, and meat of animals that were strangled, and on fornication and idolatry, sometimes referred to as the Apostolic Decree. The purpose and origin of these four prohibitions is debated.

Accounts of the council are found in Acts of the Apostles (chapter 15 in two different forms, the Alexandrian and Western versions) and also possibly in Paul's letter to the Galatians (chapter 2). Some scholars dispute that Galatians 2 is about the Council of Jerusalem, while others have defended this identification.

Bruce M. Metzger
Bruce Manning Metzger (February 9, 1914 – February 13, 2007) was an American biblical scholar and historian who spent his career at Princeton Theological Seminary. Metzger specialized in textual criticism and Bible translation and chaired committees for the Revised Standard Version and New Revised Standard Version. He served on the board of the American Bible Society and United Bible Societies. He was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1986. Metzger is often considered among the most influential New Testament scholars of the 20th century.
Rushcliffe Wapentake
Rushcliffe was a wapentake (administrative area, equivalent to a hundred) of the historic county of Nottinghamshire, England.  It was in the south of the county, on the south side of the River Trent, covering the parishes of Barton in Fabis, Bradmore, Bunny, Clifton with Glapton, Costock, East Leake, Edwalton, Gotham, Keyworth, Kingston on Soar, Normanton on Soar, Plumtree, Ratcliffe on Soar, Rempstone, Ruddington, Stanford on Soar, Stanton-on-the-Wolds, Sutton Bonington, Thorpe in the Glebe, Thrumpton, West Leake, Widmerpool, Wilford, Willoughby on the Wolds and Wysall.

Contained within the boundaries of the wapentake is the western part of the current Rushcliffe borough and a small area of the City of Nottingham around Clifton.

Widmerpool
Widmerpool is a village and civil parish in Nottinghamshire, about 10 miles south-south-east of Nottingham and some 7.5 miles north-east of Loughborough. It is one of Nottinghamshire's oldest settlements and is just over a mile west of the A46 (the Fosse Way). Extensive dual carriageway road works along the A46 have now been completed. At the time of the 2001 census it had a population of 262, increasing to 339 at the 2011 census, and falling slightly to 327 residents at the 2021 census. Until the 1960s there had not been any building in the village for 100 years.

Widmerpool is also the surname of a disreputable character in Anthony Powell's twelve-volume sequence of novels A Dance to the Music of Time. The connexion between the village and the character can be explored at Kenneth Widmerpool.
Dangar Island
Dangar Island is a forested island, 30.8 hectares (76 acres) in area, in the Hawkesbury River, on the northern outskirts of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Dangar Island is a suburb of Hornsby Shire, and as of the 2021 census, has a population of 313, which swells dramatically during holiday seasons. The island is serviced regularly by Brooklyn Ferry Service and departs from Brooklyn and takes about fifteen minutes. The Brooklyn ferry is itself adjacent to Hawkesbury River railway station. The ferry service is in operation 7 days a week.

Hornsby Shire
Hornsby Shire is a local government area situated on the Upper North Shore as well as parts of the Hills District, of Sydney in the state of New South Wales, Australia. The shire stretches from the M2 Hills Motorway in the south to the Hawkesbury River town of Wisemans Ferry, some 53 kilometres (33 mi) to the north, making it the largest local government council in the Greater Sydney Metropolitan region by total area. As of the 2016 census the shire had an estimated population of 142,667.

The mayor of Hornsby Shire is Cr Warren Waddell, a member of the Liberal Party, who was elected on 14 September 2024.
Ginger (comics)
Ginger is a British comic strip series, introduced in the first issue of The Beezer in 1956. The character was the magazine's cover star until 1961, after which  Pop, Dick and Harry took over the cover for a few years afterwards, but Ginger returned to the front cover in 1964.

Ginger was a gag-a-day comic strip about a young boy. A typical gag was a one- or two-pager.

He was originally created by Dudley D. Watkins, who drew the strip until his death in 1969. Bob McGrath then took over, drawing it until 1985, when he in turn was succeeded by Jimmy Glen, who drew the strip until the Beezer merged with the Topper. In the later Beezer annuals, he was drawn by Nick Brennan. The character was last seen on the covers of D.C. Thomson's monthly Classics from the Comics, issue # 134 (May 2007) and issue #141 (January 2008), in brand new artwork by Ken H. Harrison.

Gag-a-day
A gag-a-day comic strip is the style of writing comic cartoons such that every installment of a strip delivers a complete joke or some other kind of artistic statement. It is opposed to story or continuity strips, which rely on the development of a story line across a sequence of the installments. Most syndicated comics are of this type. Another term for this distinction is non-serial (gag-a-day) vs. serial strips.

Compared to single-panel cartoons ("gag panels"), gag-a-day comic strips can deliver a better timing for the narrative of a joke.

The distinction between continuity and gag-a-day strip may be blurred: a continuous story may still be delivered in the gag-a-day format. In fact, Lynn Johnston recommends it for story strips, to keep the readership and engage new audience which may be not very familiar with the background of the story.
Chachakumani (Oruro)
Chachakumani (Quechua chachakuma a medical plant, -ni an Aymara suffix to indicate ownership, "the one with chachakuma, Hispanicized spelling Chachacomani) is a 4,712-metre-high (15,459 ft) mountain in the Cordillera Occidental in the Andes of Bolivia. It is situated in the Oruro Department, Sajama Province, in the west of the Turco Municipality. Chachakumani lies south of Muru Qullu, northeast of Umurata and Kuntur Ikiña and southeast of Uqi Uqini. The Jaruma River flows between Muru Qullu and Chachakumani. It is a tributary of the Sajama River.

Umurata
Umurata is a mountain in the Andes, about 5,717 m (18,757 ft) high, situated in the Cordillera Occidental on the border of Bolivia and Chile. It is located in the Arica and Parinacota Region of Chile and in the Oruro Department of Bolivia, in the Sajama Province, Turku Municipality, Chachakumani Canton. Umurata lies south of the Uqi Uqini volcano, north of the Acotango and north-east of the Wallatiri volcano. Argon-argon dating has yielded ages of 970,000±120,000 for Umurata rocks. Umurata is situated south of National Route 4 near the Chungara-Tambo Quemado pass.
2018 Arizona Senate election
The 2018 Arizona Senate election took place on November 6, 2018, with the primary election held on August 28, 2018. Arizona voters elected all 30 members of the Arizona Senate to serve two-year terms.

The election coincided with United States national elections and Arizona state elections, including U.S. Senate, U.S. House, Arizona governor and Arizona House.

Following the previous election in 2016, Republicans held a 17-to-13-seat majority over Democrats. Republicans maintained their unchanged 17-to-13 majority in 2018. The newly elected members served in the 54th Arizona State Legislature, during which Republican Karen Fann was elected President of the Arizona Senate.

2016 Arizona Senate election
The 2016 Arizona Senate election was held on November 8, 2016. Voters elected members of the Arizona Senate in all 30 of the state's legislative districts to serve a two-year term. Primary elections were held on August 30, 2016.

Prior to the elections, the Republicans held a majority of 18 seats over the Democrats' 12 seats. Note that, following the 2014 Arizona Senate election, Republicans held only 17 seats; however, Senator Carlyle Begay switched parties during his term in office, which increased Republicans from 17 to 18 in the Arizona Senate by election day in 2016.

Following the election, Republicans maintained control of the chamber with 17 Republicans to 13 Democrats, a net gain of one seat for Democrats.

The newly elected senators served in the 53rd Arizona State Legislature.
2024 Omloop Het Nieuwsblad
The 2024 Omloop Het Nieuwsblad was a road cycling one-day race that took place on 24 February in Belgium, starting in Gent and finishing in Ninove. It was the 79th edition of the Omloop Het Nieuwsblad and the fourth event of the 2024 UCI World Tour. Jan Tratnik won the race from a two-man breakaway alongside Nils Politt. Tratnik's teammate Wout van Aert won the sprint for third from the chase group consisting of 32 riders.

2024 UCI World Tour
The 2024 UCI World Tour was a series of races that included thirty-five road cycling events throughout the 2024 cycling season. The tour started with the Tour Down Under on 16 January, and concluded with the Tour of Guangxi on 20 October.
William Dickson (chemist)
William Dickson TD MBE FRSE FRSC (23 January 1905 – 21 October 1992) was a Scottish chemist and educator. He was the only British schoolteacher to be elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry.

He was proud of his fishing heritage. A keen fisherman he held the claim to fame for catching one of Scotland’s largest ever halibut 77 pounds (35 kg). He believed that education, and teaching, should be enjoyable. His nickname amongst pupils was Cappy Dick.

Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry
Fellowship of the Royal Society of Chemistry (FRSC) is one of the most prestigious awards conferred by the Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) in the United Kingdom. Existing Fellows include award winning scientists and Nobel prize winners.
1971 Speedway World Pairs Championship
The 1971 Speedway World Pairs Championship was the second FIM Speedway World Pairs Championship. The final took place on 11 July 1971 in Rybnik, Poland. The championship was won by Poland (maximum 30 points) who beat New Zealand (25 points) and Sweden (22 points).

Speedway World Pairs Championship
The Speedway World Pairs Championship was a motorcycle speedway event held annually in different countries. The first competition was held in 1968, and the final competition was held in 1993.  In 1994, it was merged with the World Team Cup to create the Speedway World Cup, which held its final edition in 2017.

The concept of an international pairs championship was re-established in the form of the Speedway of Nations, held for the first time in 2018.
Sulkhan-Saba Orbeliani
Prince Sulkhan-Saba Orbeliani (Georgian: სულხან-საბა ორბელიანი [sulχan saba oɾbeliani]; November 4, 1658 – January 26, 1725), known simply as Sulkhan-Saba, was a Georgian writer and diplomat. Orbeliani is noted in part due to his important role as an emissary of Georgia to France and the Vatican, where he vainly sought assistance on behalf of his beleaguered King Vakhtang VI.

Pope Clement XI
Pope Clement XI (Latin: Clemens XI; Italian: Clemente XI; Albanian: Klementi XI; 23 July 1649 – 19 March 1721), born Giovanni Francesco Albani, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 23 November 1700 to his death in March 1721.

Clement XI was a patron of the arts and of science. He was also a great benefactor of the Vatican Library; his interest in archaeology is credited with saving much of Rome's antiquity. He authorized expeditions which succeeded in rediscovering various ancient Christian writings and authorized excavations of the Roman catacombs.
Bukhtarma Hydroelectric Power Plant
The Bukhtarma Hydroelectric Power Plant is a hydroelectric power plant on the Irtysh River 5 kilometres (3 mi) upstream of Serebryansk, East Kazakhstan. The plant has 9 individual turbines with a total generating capacity of 675 megawatts and generates 2.77 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity per year. The plant is operated by Kazzinc under a long-term concession. It is integrated into Kazakhstan's national electricity system and is used as a peak producer to regulate supply.

Kazzinc
Kazzinc (Kazakh: Қазмырыш, romanized: Qazmyrysh, قازمىرىش, pronounced [qɑzməˈɾəɕ]) with its headquarters in Oskemen is Kazakhstan's largest producer of zinc, lead and precious metals. The general investor is Glencore International AG.  Kazzinc’s core operations are in East-Kazakhstan, Karagandy and Akmola regions of Kazakhstan. According to the data for 2020, Kazzinc employs over 20,000 people.
Outline of Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg – second-largest city in Russia. An important Russian port on the Baltic Sea, it has the status of a federal subject (a federal city). Its name was changed to "Petrograd" in 1914, then to "Leningrad" in 1924, and back to Saint Petersburg in 1991.

Old Saint Petersburg Stock Exchange and Rostral Columns
The Old Saint Petersburg Stock Exchange (also Bourse) and Rostral Columns, located in Saint Petersburg in the Russian Federation, are significant examples of Greek Revival architecture. Designed by French architect Thomas de Thomon, and inspired by the Greek Temple of Hera at Paestum, the stock exchange was constructed between 1805 and 1810. The rostral columns erected on either side of the Stock Exchange were completed in 1811. The Old Saint Petersburg Stock Exchange is located at Birzhevaya Ploschad 4.
Timeline of women in computing
This is a timeline of women in computing. It covers the time when women worked as "human computers" and then as programmers of physical computers. Eventually, women programmers went on to write software, develop Internet technologies and other types of programming. Women have also been involved in computer science, various related types of engineering and computer hardware.

Kathleen Antonelli
Kathleen Rita Antonelli (née McNulty; formerly Mauchly; 
12 February 1921 – 20 April 2006), known as Kay McNulty, was an Irish computer programmer and one of the six original programmers of the ENIAC, one of the first general-purpose electronic digital computers. The other five ENIAC programmers were Betty Holberton, Ruth Teitelbaum, Frances Spence, Marlyn Meltzer, and Jean Bartik.