hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Burgfriedensäule
In Germany, Burgfriedensäulen ("town freedom columns") are former boundary signs that were erected as boundary stones at certain points in the terrain around a city or castle. The spatial scope of a castle trench was determined by the stones.

Only a few of these small monuments still exist. In the area of the city of Landshut, 26 out of 43 identified locations have been preserved. A number of historical debates with Bavaria are known about the pillars of the city of Regensburg.  Out of the five pillars preserved in Munich, only the ones at the English Garden and at the Theresienwiese are on their original sites.

Theresienwiese
Theresienwiese is a public space in the Ludwigsvorstadt-Isarvorstadt district of Munich. It covers 42 hectares (100 acres) and is best known as the site of the annual Oktoberfest.

The grounds border the Ruhmeshalle and Bavaria statue in the west and Esperantoplatz in the east, where a memorial commemorates the victims of the 1980 Oktoberfest bombing. The surrounding ring road, Bavariaring, provides access. To the north stands St. Paul's Church.
Egg Harbor Township Schools
The Egg Harbor Township Schools is a comprehensive community public school district that serves students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade from Egg Harbor Township in Atlantic County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey.

As of the 2023–24 school year, the district, comprised of seven schools, had an enrollment of 7,473 students and 684.4 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 10.9:1.

New Jersey Department of Education
The New Jersey Department of Education (NJ DOE) administers state and federal aid programs affecting more than 1.4 million public and non-public elementary and secondary school children in the state of New Jersey. The department is headquartered in the Judge Robert L. Carter Building in Trenton.
Redway, California
Redway is a census-designated place (CDP) in Humboldt County, California, United States. Redway is located 2.25 miles (3.6 km) northwest of Garberville, at an elevation of 538 feet (164 m). The population was 1,247 at the 2020 census, up from 1,225 at the 2010 census. Redway is also home to Redway Elementary School, with grades K–6.

Par (score)
In golf, par is the predetermined number of strokes that a proficient (scratch, or zero handicap) golfer should require to complete a hole, a round (the sum of the pars of the played holes), or a tournament (the sum of the pars of each round). For scoring purposes, a golfer's number of strokes is compared with the par score to determine how much the golfer was either "over par", "under par", or "even/level par".

Holes are generally assigned par values between three and five based on the distance from the teeing ground to the putting green, and occasionally other factors such as terrain and obstacles. A typical 18-hole golf course will have a total par around 72, and a 9-hole par-3 course (where all holes are rated as par 3) will have a total par of 27.
December 11 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
December 10 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - December 12

All fixed commemorations below celebrated on December 24 by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For December 11th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on November 28.

Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar
The Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar describes and dictates the rhythm of the life of the Eastern Orthodox Church. Passages of Holy Scripture, saints and events for commemoration are associated with each date, as are many times special rules for fasting or feasting that correspond to the day of the week or time of year in relationship to the major feast days.

There are two types of feasts in the Orthodox Church calendar: fixed and movable. Fixed feasts occur on the same calendar day every year, whereas movable feasts change each year. The moveable feasts are generally relative to Pascha (Easter), and so the cycle of moveable feasts is referred to as the Paschal cycle.
Generation Iron
Generation Iron is a 2013 American documentary film which follows the world's leading professional bodybuilders as they train and compete for the 2012 Mr. Olympia. Considered to be a spiritual sequel to the 1977 documentary Pumping Iron, the film gives access to the lives of the top seven bodybuilders in the sport, including Phil Heath, Kai Greene, Branch Warren, and Dennis Wolf. The film is narrated by Mickey Rourke, and features appearances by Arnold Schwarzenegger, Lou Ferrigno, and Jay Cutler.

The film is directed by Vlad Yudin and produced by Edwin Mejia Jr. at The Vladar Company and Generation Iron Brands.

Phil Heath
Phillip Jerrod Heath (born December 18, 1979) is an American IFBB Pro League professional bodybuilder. Known as 'the Gift', he is a seven-time Mr. Olympia winner, having won the competition every year from 2011 to 2017. Heath is tied with Arnold Schwarzenegger for the joint-second number of all-time Mr. Olympia wins, behind Ronnie Coleman and Lee Haney, who are joint-first with eight wins each. He was known for his rivalry with Kai Greene.

In October 2024, Heath was inducted into the International Sports Hall of Fame.
Carlos Eduardo (footballer, born 1987)
Carlos Eduardo Marques (born 18 July 1987), known as Carlos Eduardo, is a Brazilian former footballer who played as an attacking midfielder or a winger. He is known for speed, good passing, dribbling and strong shots play.

Esporte Clube Juventude
Esporte Clube Juventude (Brazilian Portuguese pronunciation: [isˈpɔʁtʃi ˈklubi ʒuvẽˈtudʒi]), or simply Juventude, is a Brazilian football club in Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul. The club currently competes in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série B, the second tier of Brazilian football, as well as in Campeonato Gaúcho, the Rio Grande do Sul state football league. Major titles won by the club include the 1999 Copa do Brasil, the 1994 Campeonato Brasileiro Série B and the 1998 Campeonato Gaúcho. Their greatest rival is Caxias, with whom it contests the Caxias do Sul derby, also known as Ca–Ju.
Mukaiwadi
Mukaiwadi is a village in Mulshi taluka of Pune District in the state of Maharashtra, India.Talukas surrounding the village are Karjat taluka, Talegaon Dabhade Taluka, Mawal taluka and by Khalapur taluka. Districts closest to the village are Raigad district, Thane district, Mumbai City district and Mumbai Suburban district. Nearest railway stations around the village are  Vadgaon railway station, Begdewadi railway station, Lonavala railway station, Talegaon railway station and Kamshet railway station.

Maval taluka
Maval taluka is a taluka in Mawal subdivision of Pune district of state of Maharashtra in India.

At the time of the 2011 Census of India, the taluka comprised 187 villages, a figure that was unchanged from 2001. There were also three census towns at that time - Wadagaon, Khadkale and Kusgaon Budruk. The census towns had their own governing bodies, whilst the gram panchayats which governed the villages numbered 100; there were two villages - Ahirvade and Kamshet - which had no official governing body.
Golf at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics
Golf at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics was held from 19 August to 26 August at the Zhongshan International Golf Club in Nanjing, China. This marked the debut of golf at the Youth Olympics as it was voted an Olympic sport for the 2016 Summer Olympics.

Golf at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Golf at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, was held in August at the new Olympic Golf Course (Portuguese: Campo Olímpico de Golfe), built within the Reserva de Marapendi in the Barra da Tijuca zone.

The 2016 Summer Olympics was the first time golf had been played at the Olympics since the 1904 Summer Olympics and featured two events: the men's and women's individual events.
UTC Warrington
UTC Warrington is a university technical college which opened in September 2016 in Warrington, United Kingdom. It is for students aged 14 to 19, and focuses on energy and engineering.
The UTC is sponsored by Manchester Metropolitan University and engineering companies including Sellafield Ltd, Amec Foster Wheeler, Rolls-Royce, National Nuclear Laboratories, Atkins, Fircroft Engineering, Kawasaki Robotics and Jungheinrich.

It is located in the heart of Warrington's Stadium Quarter redevelopment area, where it acts as an anchor tenant.

Manchester Metropolitan University
Manchester Metropolitan University is a public university in Manchester, England. The university's predecessor, Manchester Polytechnic, gained university status in 1992. The university has 44,000 students and over 5,100 members of staff. It is home to four faculties (Arts and Humanities, Business and Law, Health and Education and Science and Engineering). It is the fifth-largest university in the United Kingdom by total enrolment.
Gerty Archimède
Gerty Archimède (April 26, 1909 – April 15, 1980) was a politician from Guadeloupe who served in the French National Assembly from 1946 to 1951. She was the first female lawyer to pass the Guadeloupe Bar and the second black woman elected to the French National Assembly, shortly after Eugénie Éboué-Tell.

Archimède was a lawyer, prominent member of the Parti Communiste Guadeloupeen (PCG), founder and president of the Union des Femmes Guadeloupeennes, and conseiller général from Basse-Terre, Guadeloupe.

Guadeloupe Communist Party
The Guadeloupe Communist Party (French: Parti communiste guadeloupéen, PCG) is a political party in the French overseas department of Guadeloupe. The party publishes the newspaper Etincelle (meaning "Spark").
VEF I-15
The VEF I-15 was a Latvian advanced trainer aircraft of the 1930s. Two prototypes of the I-15, a small, single-engined monoplane, were built by the VEF to the designs of Kārlis Irbītis and were used by the Latvian Air Force

Latvian Air Force
Latvian Air Force (Latvian: Latvijas Gaisa spēki) is the aviation branch of the National Armed Forces. The first air force units were established in 1919 and re-established in 1992. It has no air combat capability, thus the defense of Latvian air space is maintained by NATO, with rotating detachments of four aircraft to Lithuania at four-monthly intervals (see Baltic Air Policing).
Acmaeoderoides
Acmaeoderoides is a genus of beetles in the family Buprestidae, containing the following species:

Acmaeoderoides cazieri Nelson, 1968

Acmaeoderoides confusus Nelson, 1999

Acmaeoderoides depressus Nelson, 1968

Acmaeoderoides distinctus Nelson, 1968

Acmaeoderoides ferruginis Wellso & Nelson in Nelson, 1968

Acmaeoderoides humeralis (Cazier, 1938)

Acmaeoderoides insignis (Horn, 1894)

Acmaeoderoides knulli Nelson, 1968

Acmaeoderoides rossi (Cazier, 1937)

Acmaeoderoides rufescens Nelson, 1968

Acmaeoderoides stramineus Nelson, 1968

Acmaeoderoides verityi Nelson, 1968

Buprestidae
Buprestidae is a family of beetles known as jewel beetles or metallic wood-boring beetles because of their glossy iridescent colors. Larvae of this family are known as flatheaded borers. The family is among the largest of the beetles, with some 15,500 species known in 775 genera. In addition, almost 100 fossil species have been described.

The larger and more spectacularly colored jewel beetles are highly prized by insect collectors. The elytra of some Buprestidae species have been traditionally used in beetlewing jewellery and decoration in certain countries in Asia, like India, Thailand and Japan.
Ngozi Onwumere
Ngozi Whitney OnwumereListenⓘ, also known as Betty Onwumere (born January 23, 1992) is an American– Nigerian sprinter and bobsledder who competes internationally for Nigeria. In track, Onwumere specializes in the 100 metres, 200 metres, 400 metres and 4 x 100 metres relay. Ngozi claimed gold alongside Blessing Okagbare, Lawretta Ozoh and Cecilia Francis in the 4 x 100 metres relay at the 2015 All-Africa Games in Brazzaville, Congo. She also represented Nigeria at the 2015 IAAF World Relays in Nassau, Bahamas. She represented Nigeria at the 2018 Winter Olympics in 2-women bobsled.

Onwumere was born and raised in Mesquite, Texas, where she graduated from Mesquite High School. She attended the University of Houston.

Bobsleigh at the 2018 Winter Olympics
Bobsleigh at the 2018 Winter Olympics was held at the Alpensia Sliding Centre near Pyeongchang, South Korea. The events were scheduled to take place between 18 and 25 February 2018. A total of three bobsleigh events were held.
Anti-Jewish violence in Central and Eastern Europe, 1944–1946
The anti-Jewish violence in Central and Eastern Europe following the retreat of Nazi German occupational forces and the arrival of the Soviet Red Army – during the latter stages of World War II – was linked in part to postwar anarchy and economic chaos exacerbated by the Stalinist policies imposed across the territories of expanded Soviet republics and new satellite countries. The antisemitic attacks had become frequent in Soviet towns ravaged by war; at the marketplaces, in depleted stores, in schools, and even at state enterprises. Protest letters were sent to Moscow from numerous Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian towns by the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee involved in documenting the Holocaust.

Night of the Murdered Poets
The Night of the Murdered Poets (Russian: Дело Еврейского антифашистского комитета, romanized: Delo Yevreyskovo antifashistskovo komiteta, lit. 'Case of the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee'; Yiddish: הרוגי מלכות פֿונעם ראַטנפאַרבאַנד, romanized: Harugey malkhes funem Ratnfarband, lit. 'Soviet Union Martyrs') occurred on 12 August 1952, and it involved the execution of 13 Soviet Jews in the Lubyanka Prison in Moscow. Arrests were made in September 1948 and June 1949, with all defendants having been falsely accused of espionage and treason, as well as many other crimes. Following their arrests and detention, they were tortured, beaten, and isolated for three years before being formally charged. There were five Yiddish writers among these defendants, all of whom were part of the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee.
Spencer George
Spencer James George (born October 28, 1973) is an American former professional football running back in the National Football League who played for the Tennessee Oilers/Titans. He played college football for the Rice Owls.

Rice Owls football
The Rice Owls football program represents Rice University in the sport of American football. The team competes at the NCAA Division I FBS level and compete in the American Athletic Conference. Rice Stadium, built in 1950, hosts the Owls' home football games. Rice has the second-smallest undergraduate enrollment of any FBS member, ahead of only Tulsa.
Nevestino, Kyustendil Province
Nevestino (Bulgarian: Невестино, pronounced [nɛˈvɛstino]) is a village in southwestern Bulgaria, part of Kyustendil Province. It is the administrative centre of Nevestino municipality, which lies in the central part of Kyustendil Province.

The village lies 13 kilometres from the provincial capital of Kyustendil, on both banks of the Struma River and near the Kyustendil-Dupnitsa and Kyustendil-Boboshevo-Blagoevgrad roads. Nevestino was first mentioned in 1576 under the name Gospozhino pole (Госпожино поле, "lady's field"); a parallel Ottoman Turkish name was Köprü ("[the] bridge"), referring to the famous bridge Kadin most in the village, which has existed since 1470. Nevestino's name roughly means "the bride's [place, field]", from the word nevesta (невеста), "bride", attested in Old Bulgarian НЄВѢСТА.

Dupnitsa
Dupnitsa, or Dupnica (Bulgarian: Дупница (previously Дубница), pronounced [ˈdupnit͡sɐ]), is a town in Western Bulgaria. It is at the foot of the highest mountains in the Balkan Peninsula – the Rila Mountains, and about 50 km (31 mi) south of the capital Sofia. Dupnitsa is the second largest town in Kyustendil Province.
Silvia Braslavsky
Silvia Elsa Braslavsky (born April 5, 1942 in Buenos Aires) is an Argentine chemist.
She is the daughter of educationist Berta Perelstein de Braslavsky and biochemist Lázaro Braslavsky, and the sister of Cecilia Braslavsky, educationist and erstwhile director of the International Bureau of Education of UNESCO. She has two daughters, sociologist Paula-Irene Villa Braslavsky and Carolina Klockow.

Braslavsky has worked extensively in the domain of photobiology and she is a specialist in experimental photooptoacoustics. She was senior research scientist and Professor at the Max Planck Institute for Radiation Chemistry (now renamed Bioinorganic Chemistry) until her retirement in 2007.

Photobiology
Photobiology is the scientific study of the beneficial and harmful interactions of light (technically, non-ionizing radiation) in living organisms. The field includes the study of photophysics, photochemistry, photosynthesis, photomorphogenesis, visual processing, circadian rhythms, photomovement, bioluminescence, and ultraviolet radiation effects.

The division between ionizing radiation and non-ionizing radiation is typically considered to be a photon energy greater than 10 eV, which approximately corresponds to both the first ionization energy of oxygen, and the ionization energy of hydrogen at about 14 eV.

When photons come into contact with molecules, these molecules can absorb the energy in photons and become excited. Then they can react with molecules around them and stimulate "photochemical" and "photophysical" changes of molecular structures.
Madison High School (New Jersey)
Madison High School is a four-year public high school serving students in ninth to twelfth grades in Morris County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, operating as part of the Madison Public Schools. The school is located entirely in the borough of Madison. Students from Harding Township attend the school as part of a sending/receiving relationship.

As of the 2023–24 school year, the school had an enrollment of 816 students and 71.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 11.5:1. There were 38 students (4.7% of enrollment) eligible for free lunch and 9 (1.1% of students) eligible for reduced-cost lunch. More than 90% of the district's graduates move on to a four-year college, with half of those attending highly competitive schools.

AP Calculus
Advanced Placement (AP) Calculus (also known as AP Calc, Calc AB / BC, AB / BC Calc or simply AB / BC) is a set of two distinct Advanced Placement calculus courses and exams offered by the American nonprofit organization College Board. AP Calculus AB covers basic introductions to limits, derivatives, and integrals. AP Calculus BC covers all AP Calculus AB topics plus integration by parts, infinite series, parametric equations, vector calculus, and polar coordinate functions, among other topics.
Dun-sur-Meuse
Dun-sur-Meuse (French pronunciation: [dœ̃ syʁ møz], literally Dun on Meuse) is a commune in the Meuse department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.

Among notable residents was the painter Hector Leroux, who was buried in the cemetery there.

Meuse
The Meuse or Maas is a major European river, rising in France and flowing through Belgium and the Netherlands before draining into the North Sea from the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta. It has a total length of 925 km (575 miles).
Wank (mountain)
The Wank (German pronunciation: [ˈvaŋk]) is a mountain in southern Germany, situated in the Loisach valley close to the Austrian border in the southwestern Ester Mountains range near Garmisch-Partenkirchen. It rises from about 700 metres (2,300 ft) above mean sea level up to 1,780 metres (5,840 ft) at the summit. The mountain is crowned by a grassy summit which has views over Garmisch-Partenkirchen and the surrounding region. The summit can be reached via the eponymous Wankbahn, a cable car system that runs during the summer months, or by a network of footpaths that criss-cross the area. A mountain hut on the summit, the Wank-Haus, provides food and accommodation, and a nearby scientific observatory plays a role in monitoring atmospheric and climatic conditions. The Wank is a destination for hikers, day-trippers from Garmisch-Partenkirchen and paragliders.

Day trip
A day trip is a visit to a tourist destination or visitor attraction from a person's home, hotel, or hostel in the morning, returning to the same lodging in the evening. The day trip is a form of recreational travel and leisure to a location that is close enough to make a round-trip within a day and does not require an overnight stay. The logistics and/or costs of spending nights on the road are worth avoiding. Such travel of using one location as a homebase is popular with budget and active travelers to avoid finding new lodging at each destination. A caregiver may take a day trip from their home to return to their children or pets.
Susan Dunlap
Susan Dunlap (born June 20, 1943) is an American writer of mystery novels and short stories. Her novels have mostly appeared in one of four series, each with its own sleuthing protagonist: Vejay Haskell, Jill Smith, Kiernan O'Shaughnessy, or Darcy Lott. Through 2020, more than two dozen of Dunlap's book-length mysteries have appeared in print. She has also edited crime fiction and has contributed to anthologies, including A Woman's Eye (1991), and to periodicals such as Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine and Alfred Hitchcock's Mystery Magazine. Her short story "Checkout" won a Macavity Award and an Anthony Award in 1994.

Dunlap was a founding member of Sisters in Crime and served as its president in 1990–91. Before becoming a full-time writer in 1984, she was a social worker in Baltimore (1966–67), New York City (1967), and Contra Costa County, California (1968–84). She has also worked as a paralegal, private investigator, and yoga teacher.

Private investigator
A private investigator (often abbreviated to PI; also known as a private detective, an inquiry agent or informally a private eye) is a person who can be hired by individuals or groups to undertake investigatory law services. Private investigators often work for attorneys to problem solve in civil and criminal cases.
Acanthaxius
Acanthaxius is a genus of  mud lobster native to the Indo-Pacific oceans. It has a slender rostrum which is longer than the eyestalks, is spinose and has seven spines and has a depth range of 228–438 metres (748–1,437 ft).

Eyestalk
In anatomy, an eyestalk (sometimes spelled eye stalk and also known as an ommatophore) is a protrusion that extends an eye away from the body, giving the eye a better field of view. It is a common feature in nature and frequently appears in fiction.
Ripabottoni
Ripabottoni is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Campobasso in the Italian region Molise, located about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northeast of Campobasso. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 644 and an area of 31.9 square kilometres (12.3 sq mi).

Ripabottoni borders the following municipalities: Bonefro, Campolieto, Casacalenda, Monacilioni, Morrone del Sannio, Provvidenti, Sant'Elia a Pianisi.

Molise
Molise (UK: /mɒˈliːzeɪ/ mol-EE-zay, US: /ˈmoʊlizeɪ, moʊˈliːzeɪ/ MOH-lee-zay, moh-LEE-zay;Italian: [moˈliːze]) is an administrative region of Italy that covers 4,460.65 km2 (1,722 sq mi), thus being the second smallest region in the country after Aosta Valley; it is located in southern Italy, and has a population of 287,966 as of 2025. Its regional capital is Campobasso, which is also the capital of the Province of Campobasso, one of the two provinces that make up Molise. The other one is the Province of Isernia.

The region was born in 1963 from the division with Abruzzo, with which it formed the region of Abruzzi e Molise.

Molise's small size and relative obscurity led it to become the subject of a popular meme "Molise doesn't exist".