hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ruth Lawson
Ruth Catherine Lawson (1911–December 14, 1990) was an American political scientist. Lawson specialized in international law and European affairs. She was a professor of political science at Mount Holyoke College from 1942 to 1976. She was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1956, and is the namesake for the Ruth C. Lawson Chair in International Politics and the Ruth C. Lawson Fellowships at Mount Holyoke.

Mount Holyoke College
Mount Holyoke College is a private women's liberal arts college in South Hadley, Massachusetts, United States. It is the oldest member of the historic Seven Sisters colleges, a group of historically women’s colleges in the Northeastern United States. The college was founded in 1837 as the Mount Holyoke Female Seminary by Mary Lyon, a pioneer in education for women. Mount Holyoke is part of the Five College Consortium in Western Massachusetts.

Undergraduate admissions are restricted to female, transgender, and nonbinary students. In 2014, it became the first member of the Seven Sisters (not counting the coeducational Vassar College) to introduce an admissions policy that was inclusive of transgender students. Graduate programs are open to applicants regardless of gender.

The college's 800-acre (3.2 km2) campus includes the Mount Holyoke College Art Museum, the John Payson Williston Observatory, and a botanic garden. The college awards the Glascock Prize annually.
Huncoat Power Station
Huncoat Power Station was located in Huncoat near Accrington, Lancashire. It was a 150 MW, coal-fired, electricity generating station in operation from 1952 to 1984. It has since been demolished. Huncoat power station replaced the earlier Accrington power station that had supplied electricity to the town since 1900.

Central Electricity Generating Board
The Central Electricity Generating Board (CEGB) was responsible for electricity generation, transmission and bulk sales in England and Wales from 1958 until privatisation of the electricity industry in the 1990s.

It was established on 1 January 1958 to assume the functions of the Central Electricity Authority (1955–1957), which had in turn replaced the British Electricity Authority (1948–1955).  The Electricity Council was also established in January 1958, as the coordinating and policy-making body for the British electricity supply industry.
Yatharth Hospitals
Yatharth Hospital & Trauma Care Services Ltd is an Indian for-profit private hospital chain of North India. It operates 8 hospitals with more than 2500 beds in four states of India. It was founded by Dr. Ajay Kumar Tyagi and Dr. Kapil Kumar in 2008. All of its hospitals are accredited by NABH. Its facility in Greater Noida West is the first and only hospital in Uttar Pradesh to be accredited by Joint Commission International.

Joint Commission
The Joint Commission is a United States-based nonprofit tax-exempt 501(c) organization that accredits more than 22,000 US health care organizations and programs. The international branch accredits medical services from around the world.

A majority of US state governments recognize Joint Commission accreditation as a condition of licensure for the receipt of Medicaid and Medicare reimbursements.

The Joint Commission is based in the Chicago suburb of Oakbrook Terrace, Illinois.
2021 World RX of Portugal
The 2021 Cooper Tires World RX of Montalegre was the seventh round of the eighth season of the FIA World Rallycross Championship. The event was held at the Pista Automóvel de Montalegre in Montalegre, Vila Real.

Vila Real District
The District of Vila Real (Portuguese: Distrito de Vila Real [ˈvilɐ ʁiˈal] ⓘ) is a district of northern Portugal.  With an area of 4,239 km2 (1,637 sq mi), the district is located east of the port city of Porto and north of the Douro River.  Vila Real has always belonged to the historical province of Trás-os-Montes.  It is bordered by Spain (Galicia) in the north and east, Braga District and Porto District in the west, Viseu District in the south and Bragança District in the east.

Approximate population in the 2001 census was 230,000.  The population has shown negative rates in recent years due to emigration and aging.  Many of the villages have lost population and have become deserted, while the namesake district capital has gained in population.
Tissue expansion
Tissue expansion is a technique used by plastic, maxillofacial and reconstructive surgeons to cause the body to grow additional skin, bone, or other tissues. Other biological phenomena such as tissue inflammation can also be considered expansion (see tissue inflammation below).

Otorhinolaryngology
Otorhinolaryngology (/oʊtoʊˌraɪnoʊˌlærɪnˈɡɒlədʒi/ oh-toh-RY-noh-LARR-in-GOL-ə-jee, abbreviated ORL and also known as otolaryngology, otolaryngology – head and neck surgery (ORL–H&N or OHNS), or ear, nose, and throat (ENT) ) is a surgical subspecialty within medicine that deals with the surgical and medical management of conditions of the head and neck. Doctors who specialize in this area are called otorhinolaryngologists, otolaryngologists, head and neck surgeons, or ENT surgeons or physicians.

Patients seek treatment from an otorhinolaryngologist for diseases of the ear, nose, throat, base of the skull, head, and neck. These commonly include functional diseases that affect the senses and activities of eating, drinking, speaking, breathing, swallowing, and hearing. In addition, ENT surgery encompasses the surgical management of cancers and benign tumors and reconstruction of the head and neck as well as plastic surgery of the face, scalp, and neck.
Launceston South (electoral division)
Launceston South (Cornish: Lannstevan Soth) is an electoral division of Cornwall in the United Kingdom and returns one member to sit on Cornwall Council. The current Councillor is Jade Farrington, a standalone Independent.

Cornwall Council
Cornwall Council (Cornish: Konsel Kernow [ˈkɔn.sɛl ˈkɛrnɔʊ]), known between 1889 and 2009 as Cornwall County Council (Cornish: Konteth Konsel Kernow), is the local authority for the non-metropolitan county of Cornwall in South West England. Since 2009 it has been a unitary authority, having taken over district-level functions when the county’s districts were abolished. The non-metropolitan county of Cornwall is slightly smaller than the ceremonial county, which additionally includes the Isles of Scilly. The council's headquarters is Lys Kernow (also known as New County Hall) in Truro.

The council has been under no overall control since July 2024. Following the May 2025 election an administration of the Liberal Democrats and independents formed to run the council.
Members of the Queensland Legislative Assembly, 2006–2009
This is a list of members of the 52nd Legislative Assembly of Queensland from 2006 to 2009, as elected at the 2006 election held on 9 September 2006.

1  On 13 September 2007, the Labor member for Brisbane Central and Premier, Peter Beattie, resigned. Labor candidate Grace Grace won the resulting by-election on 13 October 2007.

2  The opposition Liberal and National parties merged to create the Liberal National Party of Queensland on 27 July 2008.

3  On 5 October 2008, the member for Indooroopilly, Ronan Lee, resigned from the Labor Party and joined the Queensland Greens, becoming their first ever member of parliament in the state.

Queensland Greens
The Queensland Greens is a Green party in Queensland, Australia, and a state member of the Australian Greens. The party is currently represented in all three levels of government, by Larissa Waters and Penny Allman-Payne in the federal Senate; Elizabeth Watson-Brown in the House of Representatives; Michael Berkman in the state Legislative Assembly; and Trina Massey and Seal Chong Wah in Brisbane City Council.
BPP University
BPP University is a private university in the United Kingdom. Running courses in law, accountancy, business, nursing, and technology, the for-profit institution is currently a part of BPP Education Group. Established in 1976 as an accountancy school, the school was granted degree-awarding powers in 2007 and renamed BPP University College of Professional Studies in 2010. It gained full university status in 2013 as BPP University, with a governing board of nine directors. It operates four schools: BPP University Business School, BPP University Law School, BPP University School of Technology, and BPP University School of Nursing.

Office for Students
The Office for Students (OfS) is a non-departmental public body of the Department for Education of the United Kingdom Government. It acts as the regulator and competition authority for the higher education sector in England.
Alex Greenfield
Alexandra Greenfield (born 1990) is a Welsh former road and track cyclist from Barry. She began competing at a young age with the Maindy Flyers children's cycle club before joining Cardiff Ajax CC. Greenfield holds the record for the 5 km Tandem Standing Start event on the track along with Katie Curtis, with a time of 7 minutes 4.424 seconds. The record was set in Newport Velodrome on 10 June 2004. She transitioned from Wiggle High5's former technical director and assistant directeur sportif, to be Cycling New Zealand's women's endurance assistant coach by mid-2018.

She became the British junior scratch race champion in 2007 as well as the junior European points race champion. In 2008, Greenfield retained her European points race title and added another title as a member of the junior team pursuit squad. She made her debut to the UCI Track Cycling World Cup Classics in the 2008–2009 season, taking third place in the scratch race in the first round in Manchester.

Cycling New Zealand
Cycling New Zealand (Māori: Eke Paihikara Aotearoa), originally known as BikeNZ, is the national governing body for cycling organisations in New Zealand, and represents the interests of BMX NZ, Cycling New Zealand Road & Track, Mountain Bike NZ, and Cycling New Zealand Schools (formerly NZ Schools Cycling Association). Cycling New Zealand covers the disciplines of road, track, mountain bike, cyclo-cross, BMX, BMX freestyle, e-cycling sports and para-cycling.

Cycling New Zealand was established in July 2003 and is a member of the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) and the Oceania Cycling Confederation (OCC). It is also recognised by the New Zealand Government, the New Zealand Olympic Committee, and the New Zealand Paralympic Committee.

Cycling New Zealand's mission is to ensure cyclists of every age and ability are given the opportunity to participate, develop, compete and perform at the level they aspire to.
Making Men: Sophists and Self-Presentation in Ancient Rome
Making Men: Sophists and Self-Presentation in Ancient Rome is a 1995 book by classicist Maud W. Gleason. Gleason studies the construction of masculinity among the Greek-speaking elite of the Roman Empire during the second century CE through the careers and writings of two rhetoricians: Favorinus of Arles, a eunuch who achieved success as a Greek orator and philosopher, and Marcus Antonius Polemo of Laodicea, a celebrated sophist and author of a physiognomical treatise. Gleason argues that masculinity in this period was not determined by anatomical sex alone but was an achieved status constructed through sustained training in rhetoric, deliberate management of physical deportment, and mastery of vocal techniques. Based on Pierre Bourdieu's concepts of habitus and symbolic capital, the book treats rhetorical performance as a process of self-fashioning that served both to establish individual masculine identity and to maintain class distinctions within elite society.

Marcus Antonius Polemo II
Marcus Antonius Polemo II (Ancient Greek : Μάρκος Ἀντώνιος Πολέμων Πυθόδωρος) (died c. 69/72), dynast of Olba and king in Cilicia between 54-69/72. This character has sometimes been confused with his contemporary cousin and almost namesake Polemon II of Pontus.
Gygax
Gygax is a German-language surname, mainly distributed in Switzerland. Gigas and Gygas are related surnames. It is a Grecianization of German surnames with the meaning of "giant", such as Riese, Reese, and Heune. Notable people with the surname include:

Albert Friedrich Gygax (1896–1968), Swiss chemigrapher

Daniel Gygax (born 1981), Swiss footballer

Gary Gygax (1938–2008), American writer and game designer

Hansueli Gygax (1942–2017), Swiss handball player

Jean-Louis Gygax (born 1935), Swiss footballer

Luke Gygax, American game designer, son of Gary

Marc Domingo Gygax (born 1965), Spanish historian

Markus Gygax (born 1950), commander of the Swiss Air Force

Nicolas Gygax (born 1996), Swiss freestyle skier

Pascal Gygax (born 1974), Swiss psycholinguist

Markus Gygax
Lieutenant General Markus Gygax is a former commander of the Swiss Air Force. His active career within the SAF began in 1971 when he achieved his qualification as a pilot. In 1973 he joined the surveillance wing flying the Hawker Hunter, and in 1978 underwent conversion to the F-5 at Williams AFB, Arizona.
He was also pilot by the Swiss Air Force's jet display team Patrouille Suisse when they used the Hawker Hunter. 
Starting with 1985 until 1989 he was the head of the F-5 training school. In 1994 he was appointed interim commander of an aviation regiment and from 1998 through 2002 he commanded the 31st Aviation Brigade. By 2003 he became chief of air force operations and deputy commander of the air force.

He took office as overall commander of the Swiss Air Force on 1 March 2009 and gathered more than 4,600 flying hours. He retired in 2012, his successor was Aldo C. Schellenberg.
Óðsmál
Óðsmál is a research project, starting 1990, conducted by Guðrún Kristín Magnúsdóttir.

The research is done at Guðrún's Óðsmál-research institute, Freyjukettir – Norræn menning, in Iceland. The research is inspired by Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, founder of Transcendental Meditation. Guðrún met Maharishi in 1962.

The Óðsmál research is revealed as a series of books and online lectures reflecting many new theories and insights into spirituality, the profundity of meaning inherent in Heathenry, Paganry, Asatru (Icelandic: Ásatrú), the Viking spiritual heritage, "vor forni siður" ("our ancient tradition").

The purpose of Óðsmál is to easily make everyone literate on the symbolic language and allegory of Norse Edda poems and myths.

Artistic symbol
In works of art, literature, and narrative, a symbol is a concrete element like an object, character, image, situation, or action that suggests or hints at abstract, deeper, or non-literal meanings or ideas. The use of symbols artistically is symbolism. In literature, such as novels, plays, and poems, symbolism goes beyond just the literal written words on a page, since writing itself is also inherently a system of symbols.

Artistic symbols may be intentionally built into a work by its creator, which in the case of narratives can make symbolism a deliberate narrative device. However, it also may be decided upon by the audience or by a consensus of scholars through their interpretation of the work. Various synonyms exist for this type of symbol, based on specific genre, artistic medium, or domain: visual symbol, literary symbol, poetic symbol, etc.
USS Orleans Parish
USS Orleans Parish (LST-1069) was an LST-542-class tank landing ship in the United States Navy during World War II. Unlike many of her class, which received only numbers and were disposed of after World War II, she survived long enough to be named. On 1 July 1955, all LSTs still in commission were named for US counties or parishes; LST-1069 was given the name Orleans Parish, after Orleans Parish, Louisiana. She was the only U.S. Naval vessel to bear that name.

LST-1069 was laid down on 7 February 1945 at the Bethlehem-Hingham Shipyard of Hingham, Massachusetts; launched on 7 March 1945, sponsored by Mrs. James Whitfield; and commissioned on 31 March 1945.

Orleans Parish, Louisiana
Orleans Parish (French: Paroisse d'Orléans; Spanish: Parroquia de Orleans) is a parish of the U.S. state of Louisiana. Since 1870, the parish has been coterminous with the city of New Orleans, and the parish and city are largely governed as a single consolidated city.
Tha Chang railway station (Nakhon Ratchasima)
Tha Chang railway station is a railway station located in Tha Chang Subdistrict, Chaloem Phra Kiat District, Nakhon Ratchasima Province. It is a class 3 railway station located 285.40 km (177.3 mi) from Bangkok railway station and is the main station for Chaloem Phra Kiat District.

Hua Lamphong railway station
Bangkok (Hua Lamphong) railway station (Thai: สถานีกรุงเทพ (หัวลำโพง), RTGS: Sathani Krung Thep (Hua Lamphong)) is a railway station in Pathum Wan, the former central passenger terminal in Bangkok and the former railway hub of Thailand. It is in the center of the city in the Pathum Wan district, and is operated by the State Railway of Thailand (SRT). Long distance trains moved to the new central station at Krung Thep Aphiwat Central Terminal in 2023.
Global motion compensation
Global motion compensation (GMC) is a motion compensation technique used in video compression to reduce the bitrate required to encode video. It is most commonly used in MPEG-4 ASP, such as with the DivX and Xvid codecs.

Bit rate
In telecommunications and computing, bit rate (bitrate or as a variable R) is the number of bits that are conveyed or processed per unit of time.

The bit rate is expressed in the unit bit per second (symbol: bit/s), often in conjunction with an SI prefix such as kilo (1 kbit/s = 1,000 bit/s), mega (1 Mbit/s = 1,000 kbit/s), giga (1 Gbit/s = 1,000 Mbit/s) or tera (1 Tbit/s = 1,000 Gbit/s). The non-standard abbreviation bps is often used to replace the standard symbol bit/s, so that, for example, 1 Mbps is used to mean one million bits per second.

In most computing and digital communication environments, one byte per second (symbol: B/s) corresponds to 8 bit/s (1 byte = 8 bits).  However if stop bits, start bits, and parity bits need to be factored in, a higher number of bits per second will be required to achieve a throughput of the same number of bytes.
Caetra
Caetra was the shield used by Iberian, Celtiberian, Gallaecian and Lusitanian warriors. The shield was circular shaped with a diameter between 30 cm to 90 cm. It was tied to the warrior's body with ropes or leather strips that passed over the shoulder and that gave great mobility to fight both on foot and on horseback. The shapes and decorations of the shields had variations in their metal, wood or leather protection.
Warriors that carried this shield were usually light infantry called caetratus (pl. Caetrati).

Lusitanians
The Lusitanians were an Indo-European-speaking people living in the far west of the Iberian Peninsula, in present-day central Portugal and the regions of Extremadura and Castilla y León of Spain. It is uncertain whether the Lusitanians were Celts or Celticized Iberians, related to the Lusones. After its conquest by the Romans, the land was subsequently incorporated as a Roman province named after them (Lusitania).
2020 Australian Open – Girls' singles
Victoria Jiménez Kasintseva won the girls' singles title at the 2020 Australian Open, defeating Weronika Baszak in the final, 5–7, 6–2, 6–2. She became the first tennis player from Andorra to win a Grand Slam title in any discipline.

Clara Tauson was the defending champion, but chose not to participate.

Tina Nadine Smith
Tina Nadine Smith (born 12 June 2002) is an Australian tennis player. She has a career-high WTA ranking of 266 in singles, achieved on 23 December 2024. Smith has won two singles title and two doubles title as a professional on the ITF Circuit.
Borolar Ghor
Borolar Ghor ( Bachelor’s House) is a 2012 bilingual Assamese-Bengali romantic comedy film starring Utpal Das and Debasmita Banerjee in the lead roles. The film was directed and produced by Mani C. Kappan under the banner of Okay Productions. This film was the remake of 1993 superhit Malayalam film Meleparambil Aanveedu, which was also produced by Kappan under the same production house. Noted Assamese filmmaker Manju Borah acted as an advisor in the film.

Nipon Goswami
Nipon Goswami (3 September 1942 – 27 October 2022) was an Indian actor and theatre artist associated with Assamese-language films. He was one of the veteran actors of Assamese Film Industry. He started his acting career as a stage actor and later established himself as a film actor. His most notable for his work in the 1969 film Dr. Bezbarua as well as Piyoli Phukan, Tumi Aahibaane and Aparoopa.
Orient Commercial Joint Stock Bank
The Orient Commercial Joint Stock Bank (also known as Oricombank and OCB, Vietnamese: Ngân hàng Phương Đông) is a joint-stock commercial bank state-owned (100%) government by the Vietnam National Hydrometeorological Administration under the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (now Ministry of Agriculture and Environment in Vietnam. Its Swift code is ORCOVNVX.

Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (Vietnam)
The Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MONRE, Vietnamese: Bộ Tài nguyên và Môi trường) is a government ministry in Vietnam responsible for: land, water resources; mineral resources, geology; environment; hydrometeorology; climate change;
surveying and mapping; management of the islands and the sea.
Lone Star National Bank
Lone Star National Bank is an American community bank with 33 locations in South Texas, United States, including the Rio Grande Valley and San Antonio, Texas.

LSNB operates with over 1680 staff in 33 locations in the Rio Grande Valley and San Antonio. As of 2016, the Texas Department of Banking placed Lone Star National Bank at 39 out of 100 according to asset size.

In 2015 the bank received a penalty for violating anti–money laundering regulations after some of the bank’s customers were identified as politically exposed persons without them having enhanced due diligence checks and at least one customer was convicted of money laundering.

South Texas
South Texas is a geographic and cultural region of the U.S. state of Texas that lies roughly south of—and includes—San Antonio. It is bordered by the Rio Grande,to the south and west, and by the Gulf of Mexico to the east. The population of this region is more than 5 million according to the 2024 census estimates. The southern portion of this region is often referred to as the Rio Grande Valley. The eastern portion along the Gulf of Mexico is also referred to as the Coastal Bend.

Greater Houston and Beaumont–Port Arthur are occasionally tied to the region because they are on the southern end of the state and for businesses that use "South Texas" in its name. (i.e. South Texas School of Law, South Texas State Fair, etc.). However, the two are more commonly associated with East Texas or Southeast Texas.
Den yttersta tiden
Den yttersta tiden is the debut EP by the Christian black metal band Admonish. The EP was recorded in 2004 and the cover art was done by Sean Palomino of Digital Extremist Studios. According to MusicMight.com, the EP was "ironically" released on April 11, 2005 following a release concert at Sweden's Club 666, sharing the stage with Frosthardr and Slechtvalk. The EP got positive reviews, and the cover art had a mixed reception as, for example, The Whipping Post mentioned it being "interesting for an extreme metal release."

Slechtvalk
Slechtvalk (the Dutch word for peregrine falcon) is a Christian black metal band from the Netherlands, formed in 1999. Previously signed to Fear Dark Records and currently to Whirlwind Records, the group has released five albums, a split-CD with Kekal, a single and a DVD. Their second album, The War That Plagues the Lands, reached No. 2 at Lowland's Top 50 Metal Charts. Their third album, At the Dawn of War, coincided with the release of a live-DVD, Upon the Fields of Battle, a maxi single for "Thunder of War", and was named one of HM Magazine's "100 best Christian metal albums of all time". The band's fifth album, Where Wandering Shadows and Mists Collide, was released on December 20, 2016.