hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Arabic Competency Test
Arabic Competency Test (Arabic: اختبار كفايات اللغة العربية) is a standardized test held in Saudi Arabia to evaluate and certify Arabic language proficiency for non-native speakers, covering language knowledge, reading, writing, listening and conversation. The test was officially introduced on June 12, 2022, by the country's Minister of Tourism Badr bin Abdullah al-Saud and is jointly managed by the Saudi Education and Training Evaluation Commission and King Salman Global Academy for Arabic Language.

King Salman Global Academy for Arabic Language
King Salman Global Academy for Arabic Language (KSAA) (Arabic: مجمع الملك سلمان العالمي للغة العربية), initially as the King Salman International Complex for the Arabic Language, is an international language complex based in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, which was established for the promotion of Arabic language. Founded in September 2020 through a Council of Ministers decree, it is affiliated to the country's Ministry of Culture.
Milyika Carroll
Milyika Carroll (born 1958), also known as Alison Carroll, Alison Milyika Carroll, or "Windlass" Carroll, is an Aboriginal Australian artist. She is also a community leader on the Aṉangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Lands in South Australia.

Aṉangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara
Aṉangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara, also known as APY, APY Lands or the Lands, is a large, sparsely populated local government area (LGA) for Aboriginal people, located in the remote north west of South Australia.  Some of the Aṉangu (people) of the Western Desert cultural bloc, in particular Pitjantjatjara, Yankunytjatjara and Ngaanyatjarra peoples, inhabit the Lands.

Governance of the area is determined by the Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Land Rights Act 1981 (or APYLRA), whereby an elected executive board reports to the Premier of South Australia. The APY's administration centre is located at Umuwa.

A large portion of the APY Lands was formerly the North-West Aboriginal Reserve.
John Warren (British Army soldier)
John Warren (before 1755 – May 1813) was a soldier, official and merchant in Upper Canada.

Warren served in the British army from 1755; in 1778, he was appointed commissary at Fort Erie. In 1788, he was named justice of the peace for the Nassau District and, in 1790, a road commissioner for the district. Warren was named to the district land board in 1791 and, in the following year, to the land board for Lincoln County. In 1797, he was named to the Heir and Devisee Commission, which dealt with transfers of land title that occurred due to inheritance, sale or exchange of title. Warren also served as lieutenant-colonel for the 3rd Lincoln Militia. He was customs collector at Fort Erie from 1801 until his death at Fort Erie in 1813.

His son John served in the Upper Canada assembly and also succeeded his father as customs collector.

Lincoln County, Ontario
Lincoln County is a historic county in the Canadian province of Ontario.

The county was formed in 1792. In 1845, the southern portion of Lincoln County was separated to form Welland County.

In some census and election records from the late 19th century, the townships of Caistor and Gainsborough (which can be seen on the map below) were enumerated as part of Monck County, while Grantham and Niagara Townships were enumerated as part of Niagara County. However, neither Monck nor Niagara ever existed as incorporated municipal counties, but rather as electoral districts.

In 1970, Lincoln and Welland Counties were amalgamated to form the Regional Municipality of Niagara.
Grand Lodge of North Carolina
The Grand Lodge of North Carolina, formally the Grand Lodge of Ancient, Free and Accepted Masons of North Carolina, was formed on December 12, 1787.  Previously, it was the Provincial Grand Lodge of North Carolina, being under jurisdiction of the Premier Grand Lodge of England since January 14, 1771. It is currently composed of 349 active lodges across the 100 counties of North Carolina. The Grand Lodge recognizes its Prince Hall counterpart, The Most Worshipful Prince Hall Grand Lodge of North Carolina and its Jurisdictions, Inc., and maintains co-territorial jurisdiction and encourages visitation between the two entities.

North Carolina Executive Mansion
The North Carolina Executive Mansion (also referred to as the North Carolina Governor's Mansion) is the official residence of the governor of North Carolina and their family. The First Lady of North Carolina is the mansion's official hostess. Building began in the year 1883 and it was designed by architects Samuel Sloan and A.G. Bauer. The first occupants, Governor Daniel G. Fowle and his daughter, Helen Whitaker Fowle, moved into the unfinished building in January 1891. It is located within the Blount Street Historic District and is an example of Queen Anne style architecture.
Munga Mibindo
Munga "Max" Mibindo served as the President Delegate General of SNEL, La Société Nationale d'Electricité, in the Republic of Zaire in the early and mid 1980s. Prior to that appointment, he had been the Director of Zaire's largest public bus company.

An engineer by profession, he was educated in Belgium at Leuven University and was considered an integral part of Prime Minister Kengo Wa Dondo's entourage during the Mobutu years. A personable and erudite technocrat, he oversaw construction of the Inga-Shaba Transmission Line, often mediating brilliantly during disputes among sub-contractors.

Inga–Shaba HVDC
The Inga–Shaba EHVDC Intertie (officially: The Inga–Shaba Extra High Voltage D.C. Intertie; nickname: Inga–Shaba and also referred to as Inga–Kolwezi) is a 1,700 kilometres (1,100 mi)-long  high-voltage direct current overhead electric power transmission line in the Democratic Republic of Congo, linking the Inga hydroelectric complex at the mouth of the Congo River to mineral fields in Shaba (Katanga).   It was primarily constructed by Morrison-Knudsen International, an American engineering company, with the converter equipment supplied by ASEA. Construction was completed in 1982 and it cost US$900 million.  The scheme was, for many years, the longest HVDC line in the world.
2008 Oregon Ballot Measure 64
Oregon Ballot Measure 64 (IRR 25)   was an initiated state statute ballot measure on the November 4, 2008 general election ballot in Oregon.

This measure would have prohibited money collected with the use of public resources from being used for political purposes, except elections, official voter pamphlets and most lobbying. "Political purpose" is defined as: candidates, political committee or party, initiative or referendum committee, and supporting/opposing candidates or ballot measures (including signature gathering for petitions).

Oregon Secretary of State
The secretary of state of Oregon, an elected constitutional officer within the executive branch of the government of the U.S. state of Oregon, is first in the line of succession to the governor. The duties of the office are auditor of public accounts, chief elections officer, and administrator of public records. Additionally, the secretary of state serves on the Oregon State Land Board and chairs the Oregon Sustainability Board. Following every United States Census, if the Oregon Legislative Assembly cannot come to an agreement over changes to legislative redistricting, the duty falls to the secretary of state.

The current secretary of state is Democrat Tobias Read, who took office on January 6, 2025.
Mid-Tertiary ignimbrite flare-up
The Mid-Tertiary ignimbrite flare-up, was a dramatic period of volcanic eruptions in mid-Cenozoic time, approximately 25–40 million years ago, centered in the western United States.  These eruptions are seen today as deposits of ignimbrite, the pyroclastic material that was laid down from these eruptions.

Pyroclastic rock
Pyroclastic rocks are clastic rocks composed of rock fragments produced and ejected by explosive volcanic eruptions. The individual rock fragments are known as pyroclasts. Pyroclastic rocks are a type of volcaniclastic deposit, which are deposits made predominantly of volcanic particles. Phreatic pyroclastic deposits are a variety of pyroclastic rock formed from volcanic steam explosions and are entirely composed of accidental clasts. Phreatomagmatic pyroclastic deposits are formed from explosive interaction of magma with groundwater. Pyroclastic material has been produced during some of history's most powerful volcanic eruptions, including the 79 AD eruption of Mount Vesuvius, the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, the large eruptions from the Yellowstone Caldera, and the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo. The word pyroclastic comes from the Ancient Greek words pyr, meaning "fire", and klastos, meaning "broken in pieces".
2006 Women's European Water Polo Championship
The 2006 Women's European Water Polo Championship was the eleventh edition of the now tri-annual event, organised by the Europe's governing body in aquatics, the Ligue Européenne de Natation. The event took place in the Banjica Sports Center in Belgrade, Serbia from September 2 to September 9, 2006.

There were two qualification tournaments ahead of the event, held from April 7 to April 9, 2006 in Nancy, France (with France, Germany, Great Britain and the Netherlands competing) and in Madrid, Spain (Czech Republic, Greece, Spain and Ukraine).

European Aquatics
European Aquatics (formerly French: Ligue Européenne de Natation, English: European Swimming League, popularly known by its acronym LEN) is the European governing body for aquatic sports affiliated to World Aquatics — it is the Continental Association for Europe. It was formally organized in 1927 in Bologna, and since 2015 is headquartered in Nyon.

European Aquatics comprises 52 national swimming federations in Europe, and includes Israel which for Olympic-sport purposes is grouped with Europe. European Aquatics is overseen by an elected Bureau (board) composed of Members representing 17 different Federations. European Aquatics oversees aquatic sports in Europe: diving, swimming, open water swimming, synchronized swimming and water polo.
Ekembo
Ekembo is an early ape (hominoid) genus found in 17- to 20-million-year-old sediments from the Miocene epoch. Specimens have been found at sites around the ancient Kisingiri volcano in Kenya on Rusinga Island and Mfangano Island in Lake Victoria. The name Ekembo is Suba for "ape" or "monkey".

To account for substantial morphological variation in the genus Proconsul, two species, P. nyanzae and P. heseloni, were placed in the new genus Ekembo. Ekembo is one of the earliest ape (Hominoids), after having diverged from the old world monkeys. The Dendropithecidae appear to be sister to Ekembo. Ekembo was found to be paraphyletic with respect to Proconsul and the more advanced Hominoidea.

Rusinga Island
Rusinga Island, with an elongated shape approximately 10 miles (16 km) from end to end and 3 miles (5 km) at its widest point, lies in the eastern part of Lake Victoria at the mouth of the Winam Gulf. Part of Kenya, it is linked to Mbita Point on the mainland by the new Rusinga-Mbita bridge which replaced the old causeway.
Society of Texas Film Critics Awards 1994
The 1st Society of Texas Film Critics Awards were given by the Society of Texas Film Critics (STFC) on December 17, 1994. The list of winners was announced by STFC founder Michael MacCambridge, then also a film critic for the Austin American-Statesman. Founded in 1994, the Society of Texas Film Critics members included 21 film critics working for print and broadcast outlets across the state of Texas. The society's first meeting was held in the Representative Boardroom at the Omni Austin Hotel. Pulp Fiction took the top honor and a total of four awards, more than any other film, in this initial awards presentation.

Austin American-Statesman
The Austin American-Statesman is the major daily newspaper for Austin, the capital city of the U.S. state of Texas. It is owned by Hearst Communications. The distribution of the following The New York Times, The Washington Post, Associated Press, and USA TODAY international and national news, but also incorporates Central Texas coverage, especially in political reporting. The paper covers the area's music scene, especially the annual South by Southwest Music Festival, and co-sponsors Austin events such as the Capital 10K, one of the largest 10K runs in the U.S., and the Season for Caring charity campaign. In the Austin market, the Statesman competes with the Austin Chronicle, an alternative weekly.
Yamaha SR250
The Yamaha SR250 is a single cylinder motorcycle made by Yamaha Motor Company initially from 1980 to 1984 and then 2001 to 2004 for a second generation. It shares styling with the larger Yamaha SR500. The first generation had a 249 cc (15.2 cu in) displacement and the second generation was 239 cc (14.6 cu in).

Engine displacement
Engine displacement is the measure of the cylinder volume swept by all of the pistons of a piston engine, excluding the combustion chambers. It is commonly used as an expression of an engine's size, and by extension as an indicator of the power (through mean effective pressure and rotational speed) an engine might be capable of producing and the amount of fuel it should be expected to consume. For this reason displacement is one of the measures often used in advertising, as well as regulating, motor vehicles.

It is usually expressed using the metric units of cubic centimetres (cc or cm3, equivalent to millilitres) or litres (l or L), or – particularly in the United States  – cubic inches (CID, c.i.d., cu in, or in3).
The Fourteenth Man
The Fourteenth Man is a lost 1920 American silent comedy film starring Robert Warwick and Bebe Daniels. It was directed by Joseph Henabery and produced and distributed by Paramount Pictures.

This film is an adaption of F. Anstey's play, The Man from Blankley's. It was remade a decade later as a talkie, The Man from Blankley's, at Warner's with John Barrymore.

This film had several alternate titles i.e.: The Romantic Meddler, The Trouble Hunter, Hunting Trouble.

Thomas Anstey Guthrie
Sir Thomas Anstey Guthrie (8 August 1856 – 10 March 1934) was an English writer (writing as F. Anstey or F. T. Anstey), most noted for his comic novel Vice Versa about a boarding-school boy and his father exchanging identities. His reputation was confirmed by The Tinted Venus and many humorous parodies in Punch magazine.
Bas van Bemmelen
Sebastiaan "Bas" van Bemmelen (born 18 August 1989) is a Dutch male volleyball player. He is part of the Netherlands men's national volleyball team. He competed at the 2013 Men's European Volleyball Championship and 2015 Men's European Volleyball Championship.  On club level he plays for Topvolley Precura Antwerpen in Belgium.

Topvolley Antwerpen
Topvolley Precura Schelde-Natie Antwerpen is a volleyball club from Antwerp, Belgium.

Antwerpen plays in the Liga, the highest level of Belgian men's volleyball. The club has been present at this level since 2008. They ended 5th after the regular competition of the 2008-09 season, but still had to participate in the playdowns after they lost a double confrontation against 8th placed PNV Waasland.

The club came into existence in 1995, after a merger between VC Zorgvliet Hoboken and First Antwerp Volley Team. Two years later, VC Zorgvliet Antwerpen promoted for the first time to the Liga. After some quite successful seasons and a participation in the 1998 CEV Cup, the club relegated in 2003. After five seasons at the second level, Antwerpen returned to the highest division.

The team merged with VBC Scheld-Natie Kapellen after the 2010-11 season. Kapellen were also playing in the Liga at that moment.

In 2014, the club secured the victory in the Belgian cup.
Djibouti at the African Games
Djibouti competed at several editions of the African Games. Djibouti first competed at the 2011 All-Africa Games held in Maputo, Mozambique. The country did not win a medal on this occasion.

The nation won its first medal in 2015, at the African Games held in Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo. Abdi Waiss Mouhyadin won the silver medal in the men's 1500 metres event.

Four years later, Djibouti also won a medal in the same athletics event: Ayanleh Souleiman won the silver medal in the men's 1500 metres at the 2019 African Games. Judoka Aden-Alexandre Houssein also won one of the bronze medals in the men's 73 kg event.

2015 African Games
The 11th African Games (French: 11es Jeux africains), also known as Brazzaville 2015, took place from September 4–19, 2015 in Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo. This edition marked the 50th anniversary of the Games, as well as their return to Brazzaville, which hosted the first edition in 1965.
Mars Ravelo's Darna! Ang Pagbabalik
Mars Ravelo's Darna! Ang Pagbabalik (lit. 'Mars Ravelo's Darna! The Return'), or simply Darna! Ang Pagbabalik, is a 1994 Filipino superhero film based on the Pilipino Komiks character Darna. Directed by Peque Gallaga and Lore Reyes from a screenplay by playwright Floy Quintos, it stars Anjanette Abayari as Narda / Darna, alongside Edu Manzano, BB Gandanghari (credited as Rustom Padilla), Bong Alvarez, Pilita Corrales, Cherie Gil and Lester Llansang. Produced by Viva Family Entertainment, the film was released in June 9, 1994.

As of 2023, it is the last Darna film to be released in theaters, with studios opting instead to produce television shows for the character of Darna in later years.

Viva Films
Viva Films, Inc. (also known as Viva Films, stylized as VIVA Films) is a Philippine film production and distribution company owned by Viva Communications. It was founded in 1981 by Vic del Rosario Jr. and his sister Tess Cruz. Viva Films is one of the largest film studios in the Philippines, along with Star Cinema, Regal Entertainment and GMA Pictures.
Fairhaven (Svalbard)
Fairhaven is an area of Norway. Generally speaking, it is the area between Amsterdam Island and Danes Island and the mainland, while specifically it refers to the sound between Danes Island and the mainland (Albert I Land), in particular the strait between Moseøya and Danes Island. The modern name for this area is Smeerenburgfjorden (a modern blunder, as Smeerenburg was only a settlement).

The fjord is 20 km long and 4 km wide.

Amsterdam Island (Spitsbergen)
Amsterdam Island (Norwegian: Amsterdamøya) is a small island off the northwest coast of West-Spitsbergen. It is separated from Danes Island by the strait Danskegattet. Its total area is 16.8 km2. Its highest point is Hiertabreen, at 472 meters above sea level. The percentage of the island covered in ice is 11.5%.
Russia women's junior national goalball team
Russia women's junior national goalball team is the women's junior national team of Russia.  Goalball is a team sport designed specifically for athletes with a vision impairment.  The team takes part in international competitions.

Team sport
A team sport is a type of sport where the fundamental nature of the game or sport requires the participation of multiple individuals working together as a team, and it is inherently impossible or highly impractical to execute the sport as a single-player endeavour. In team sports, the cooperative effort of team members is essential for the sport to function and achieve its objectives. The objective often involves teammates facilitating the movement of a ball or similar bob in accordance with a set of rules in order to score points. Examples are basketball, volleyball, rugby league, rugby union, water polo, handball, lacrosse, cricket, baseball, and the various forms of football and hockey. These sports emphasize teamwork, strategy, and coordination among team members while competing against opposing teams to achieve a common goal. Team sports do not include individual or individual-to-team events within a sport.
Tomás González (writer)
Tomás González (born 1950 in Medellín) is a Colombian writer. He studied philosophy at the National University of Colombia. He is best known for his debut novel In the Beginning Was the Sea (1983) which was translated into English by Frank Wynne and published by Pushkin Press. The translation was shortlisted for the Independent Foreign Fiction Prize. In 2025, he won the Manuel Rojas Ibero-American Narrative Award.

González lived in the United States for twenty years before returning to his native Colombia in 2002.

He is the nephew of the writer Fernando Gonzalez.

Pushkin Press
Pushkin Press is a British-based publishing house dedicated to publishing novels, essays, memoirs and children's books. The London-based company was founded in 1997 and is notable for publishing authors such as Stefan Zweig, Marcel Aymé, Antal Szerb, Paul Morand and Yasushi Inoue, as well as award-winning contemporary writers, including Andrés Neuman, Edith Pearlman, Ayelet Gundar-Goshen, Eka Kurniawan and Ryu Murakami.
Homogeneous variety
In algebraic geometry, a homogeneous variety is an algebraic variety on which an algebraic group acts transitively. Homogeneous varieties over an algebraically closed field are quotient varieties G/H where G is an algebraic group and H a subgroup scheme (for instance, an algebraic subgroup).

Such varieties are always smooth quasi-projective varieties.

Classical examples are flag varieties (when G is semisimple and H a parabolic subgroup), or more generally homogeneous spherical varieties. Severi-Brauer varieties are examples of homogeneous varieties over a field without any rational points.

Geometric quotient
In algebraic geometry, a geometric quotient of an algebraic variety X with the action of an algebraic group G is a morphism of varieties  such that

(i) The map  is surjective, and its fibers are exactly the G-orbits in X.

(ii) The topology of Y is the quotient topology: a subset  is open if and only if  is open.

(iii) For any open subset ,  is an isomorphism. (Here, k is the base field.)

The notion appears in geometric invariant theory. (i), (ii) say that Y is an orbit space of X in topology. (iii) may also be phrased as an isomorphism of sheaves . In particular, if X is irreducible, then so is Y and : rational functions on Y may be viewed as invariant rational functions on X (i.e., rational-invariants of X).

For example, if H is a closed subgroup of G, then  is a geometric quotient. A GIT quotient may or may not be a geometric quotient: but both are categorical quotients, which is unique; in other words, one cannot have both types of quotients (without them being the same).
Compound Junior
Compound Junior is a public art work by artist Beverly Pepper located at the Lynden Sculpture Garden near Milwaukee, Wisconsin.  The stainless steel sculpture is an abstract bent line. The form's ends are pressed to the ground horizontally and its middle is jutting upward vertically; it is installed on the lawn.

Beverly Pepper
Beverly Pepper (née Stoll; December 20, 1922 – February 5, 2020) was an American sculptor known for her monumental works, site specific and land art.  She remained independent from any particular art movement. She lived in Italy, primarily in Todi, since the 1950s.
2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Minnesota
The 2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Minnesota were held on Tuesday, November 6, 2012, to elect the eight U.S. representatives from the state of Minnesota. The elections coincided with the elections of other federal and state offices, including a quadrennial presidential election and an election to the U.S. Senate. Primary elections were held on August 14, 2012.

National Right to Life Committee
The National Right to Life Committee (NRLC) is the oldest and largest national anti-abortion organization in the United States with affiliates in all 50 states and more than 3,000 local chapters nationwide.

Since the 1980s, NRLC has influenced abortion policy at national and state levels through campaign financing of anti-abortion (and almost exclusively Republican) candidates and writing model legislation that would restrict or ban abortion.