hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of Chioggia
The Battle of Chioggia was a naval battle during the War of Chioggia that culminated on June 24, 1380 in the lagoon off Chioggia, Italy, between the Venetian and the Genoese fleets. The Genoese, commanded by Admiral Pietro Doria, had captured the little fishing port in August the preceding year.

The port was of no consequence, but its location at an inlet to the Venetian Lagoon threatened Venice at her very doorstep. The Venetians, under Vettor Pisani and Doge Andrea Contarini, were victorious thanks in part to the fortunate arrival of Carlo Zeno at the head of a force from the east.  The Venetians both captured the town and turned the tide of the war in their favor. A peace treaty signed in 1381 in Turin gave no formal advantage to Genoa or Venice, but it spelled the end of their long competition: Genoese shipping was not seen in the Adriatic Sea after Chioggia. This battle was also significant in the technologies used by the combatants.

Doge (title)
A doge (/doʊdʒ/ DOHJ, Italian: [ˈdɔːdʒe]; plural dogi or doges; see below) was an elected lord and head of state in several Italian city-states, notably Venice and Genoa, during the medieval and Renaissance periods. Such states were referred to as crowned republics. Doges wore a special hat, the Corno ducale and usually ruled life-long.

The office of the doge in English is termed a dogeship.
Cēsis Castle
Cēsis Castle (German: Schloß Wenden) is one of the most iconic and best preserved medieval castles in Latvia. The foundations of the castle were laid 800 years ago by the Livonian Brothers of the Sword. The most prosperous period Cēsis Castle experienced was during  its next owners, the Teutonic Order. It became one of the key administrative and economic centers of the Teutonic Order in Livonia and was the seat of the Landmeister in Livland. The first serious damage was done to the castle during the Livonian War, when it was besieged by the army of Ivan the Terrible. In the course of the siege of 1577 approximately 300 people within the castle committed mass suicide by blowing themselves up with gunpowder. Cēsis Castle was still in use during the following century but it fell into disuse after the Great Northern War. Today the castle is the most visited heritage site in Cēsis and one of the 'must see' destinations in the Baltic states.

Wolter von Plettenberg
Wolter or Walter von Plettenberg (c. 1450 – February 28, 1535) was Master (Landmeister) of the Livonian Order from 1494 to 1535, and one of the greatest leaders of the Teutonic Knights. He was an important early Baltic German.
Richard Rudgley
Richard Rudgley (born 1961) is a British anthropologist, author, and television presenter. He specialises on the topics of the usage of hallucinogens and intoxicants in society. He has also written about the Stone Age and about paganism. He has authored several books on these topics, including  The Alchemy of Culture: Intoxicants in Society, Lost Civilisations of the Stone Age, and Pagan Resurrection, and has presented several television programmes.

Inner Traditions – Bear & Company
Inner Traditions – Bear & Company, also known as Inner Traditions, is a book publisher founded by Ehud Sperling in 1975 and based in Rochester, Vermont in the United States. Their books are distributed by Simon & Schuster.
Ignatz Urban
Ignatz Urban (7 January 1848 – 7 January 1931) was a German botanist.  He is known for his contributions to the flora of the Caribbean and Brazil, and for his work as curator of the Berlin Botanical Garden. Born the son of a brewer, Urban showed an interest in botany as an undergraduate.  He pursued further study at the University of Bonn and later at the University of Berlin where he gained a doctorate in 1873. Urban was appointed by A. W. Eichler to run the Berlin Botanical Garden and supervised its move to Dahlem. He also worked as Eichler's assistant on the Flora Brasiliensis, later succeeding him as editor. In 1884 Urban began working with Leopold Krug on his Puerto Rican collections, a collaboration would later produce the nine-volume Symbolae Antillanae, one of his most important contributions, and his 30-part Sertum Antillanum. Urban's herbarium, estimated to include 80,000 or more sheets, was destroyed when the Berlin Herbarium was bombed in 1943, during the Second World War.

Dahlem (Berlin)
Dahlem (German: [ˈdaːlɛm] ⓘ or [ˈdaːləm]) is a locality of the Steglitz-Zehlendorf borough in southwestern Berlin. Until Berlin's 2001 administrative reform it was a part of the former borough of Zehlendorf. It is located between the mansion settlements of Grunewald and Lichterfelde West.

Dahlem is one of the most affluent parts of the city and a center for academic research. It is home to the Freie Universität Berlin, with its architecturally significant Philological Library ("The Brain"). Several other research institutions and museums, as well as parts of the Grunewald forest with its renaissance hunting lodge, are located in Dahlem.

The U3 line of the Berlin U-Bahn system connects Dahlem to central Berlin.
Guilty Gear Dust Strikers
Guilty Gear: Dust Strikers (ギルティギア ダストストライカーズ, Giruti Gia Dasuto Sutoraikāzu), or Guilty Gear DS, is a fighting game of the Guilty Gear series for the Nintendo DS. Modeled after Guilty Gear Isuka, its gameplay allows up to four player fights. It was the first versus fighting game for the Nintendo DS to be released outside Japan.

Guilty Gear: Dust Strikers is also the first Guilty Gear game so far to have mini-games, ranging from the Balance Game where the player must help a chibi Jam balance the falling items with her plate, to Venom's Billiards, which puts the player and opponent in a pool-style game. The boss of the game's Story and Arcade modes is Gig, an immense insect-like monster with an angel attached to its bottom half. The game has 21 playable characters in all, but only twenty story modes, as Robo-Ky has no story mode.

Guilty Gear
Guilty Gear is a series of fighting games by Arc System Works, created and designed by artist Daisuke Ishiwatari. The first game was published in 1998, and has spawned several sequels. It has also adapted to other media such as manga and drama CD. Guilty Gear has generally received praise from video game reviewers for its highly technical gameplay, graphics, soundtrack, and for its characters. Another fighting game franchise by Arc System Works, BlazBlue, is considered a spiritual successor of the series.
Nantclwyd railway station
Nantclwyd railway station was a station near Nantclwyd Hall, Llanelidan, Denbighshire, Wales.

The station was opened on 22 September 1864 by the Denbigh, Ruthin and Corwen Railway.

The station was host to a LMS caravan from 1934 to 1939.

The station closed to passengers on 2 February 1953, and completely on 30 April 1962.

The station was demolished in the 1970s and only the approach road exists today.

Nantclwyd Hall
Nantclwyd Hall is a 17th-century Grade II* listed mansion near the village of Llanelidan, Denbighshire, Wales, built by the Parry family, and rebuilt by Eubule Thelwall (c. 1622–95) and his wife Mary Parry, the heiress of the estate.
Millville, Missouri
Millville is an unincorporated community in Ray County, in the U.S. state of Missouri and part of the Kansas City metropolitan area.

The community is on Missouri Route K and is approximately 8.5 miles northeast of Richmond. The East Fork of Crooked River flows past the west side of the community.

Crooked River (Missouri)
The Crooked River is a tributary of the Missouri River in west-central Missouri in the United States. The stream has also been known historically as "Big Creek," "Little River" and "Tiger River." The Crooked River was named for its meandering disposition. Big Creek refers to the stream's status as the largest tributary to the Missouri River in the county.

The Crooked River headwaters arise approximately four miles southeast of Lathrop just east of I-35 in southeastern Clinton County and flows generally southeastwardly through the southwest corner of Caldwell and Ray counties. In southwestern Ray County it collects the short East Fork and West Fork and flows into the Missouri River, approximately 4 miles (6 km) south of Hardin and 2.5 miles northeast of Lexington across the Missouri in northern Lafayette County.
Pagoda (Sri Jayawardanapura Kotte) Grama Niladhari Division
Pagoda Grama Niladhari Division is a Grama Niladhari Division of the Sri Jayawardanapura Kotte Divisional Secretariat of Colombo District of Western Province, Sri Lanka. It has Grama Niladhari Division Code 519A.

Ananda Balika Vidyalaya, Kotte, Yachting Association of Sri Lanka, Ananda Sastralaya, Kotte, Jubilee Post, Nugegoda, Pita Kotte Gal Ambalama and Kotte Raja Maha Vihara are located within, nearby or associated with Pagoda.

Pagoda is a surrounded by the Pitakotte West, Nawala East, Nugegoda, Nugegoda West and Pagoda East Grama Niladhari Divisions.

Ananda Sastralaya, Kotte
Ananda Sastralaya (sinhala: ආනන්ද ශාස්ත්‍රාලය) is a public boys school located in Kotte, Sri Lanka. It was founded in 1890 as Kotte Buddhist English Mixed School. In 1952 a part of the school land was designated by the Government as an archaeological site since an underground residence of a Buddhist place of worship was discovered at the site.
Basel Dove
The Basel Dove (Basel German: Basler Dybli, German: Basler Taube) is a notable stamp issued by the Swiss canton of Basel on 1 July 1845 with a value of 2½-rappen. The stamp was printed in black, crimson and blue and was the first tricolor stamp in the world and the only postage stamp issued by Basel.

The stamp, designed by the architect Melchior Berri, featured a white embossed dove carrying a letter in its beak, and was inscribed STADT POST BASEL ("City Post Office Basel"). It was valid for use until 30 September 1854, by which time 41,480 stamps had been printed.

At the time, each canton was responsible for its own postal service.  There were no uniform postal rates for Switzerland until after the establishment of a countrywide postal service on 1 January 1849. The only other cantons to issue their own stamps were Zürich and Geneva.

Canton of Zurich
The canton of Zurich is an administrative unit (canton) of Switzerland, situated in the northeastern part of the country. With a population of 1,553,423 (as of 31 December 2020), it is the most populous canton of Switzerland. Zurich is the de facto capital of the canton, but is not specifically mentioned in the constitution. The official language is German. The local Swiss German dialect, called Züritüütsch, is commonly spoken.

The canton has the highest Human Development Index score (0.993) out of 1,790 subnational regions as of 2022. It is also a global financial center and has the fourth-highest GRP in Switzerland behind Basel-Stadt, Zug and Geneva by GDP per capita.
Gymnosporangium libocedri
Gymnosporangium libocedri, the Pacific Coast pear rust, is a plant pathogen and rust fungus.  It produces orange gelatinous growths (telia) on incense cedar in the spring.  Its secondary hosts include apple, crabapple, hawthorn, mountain ash, pear, quince, and serviceberry.

Calocedrus decurrens
Calocedrus decurrens, with the common names incense cedar and  California incense cedar (syn. Libocedrus decurrens Torr.), is a species of coniferous tree native to western North America. It is the most widely known species in the genus, and is often simply called incense cedar without the regional qualifier.
Czesław Lang
Czesław Stanisław Lang (born 17 May 1955) is a Polish former road racing cyclist.

He was a bronze medalist at the 1977 UCI Road World Championships in San Cristóbal and a silver medalist at the 1979 UCI Road World Championships in Valkenburg, both in the men's amateur team time trial. He was also the winner of the 1980 edition of the Tour de Pologne.

He competed for Poland at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal and the 1980 Summer Olympics held in Moscow, Soviet Union in the individual road race, where he finished in second place.

Since 1993, he has been the Director of the Tour de Pologne.

Valkenburg aan de Geul
Valkenburg aan de Geul (Dutch: [ˈvɑlkə(m)bʏr(ə)x aːn də ˈɣøːl] ⓘ; Limburgish: Valkeberg [ˈvɑl˦əkəˌbæʀ˦əx] ⓘ) is a municipality situated in the southeastern Dutch province of Limburg. The name refers to the central town in the municipality, Valkenburg, and the small river Geul passing through it.
Mona Williams (writer, born 1905)
Mona Williams (born Vermona March Goodwyn; March 26, 1905 – December 5, 1991) was an American novelist and poet, best known as the author of the novelette from which the 1954 feature film, Woman's World, was adapted. She also contributed articles, fiction and poetry to magazines including The Writer, McCall's, Ladies Home Journal and Cosmopolitan.

McCall's
McCall's was a monthly American women's magazine, published by the McCall Corporation, that enjoyed great popularity through much of the 20th century, peaking at a readership of 8.4 million in the early 1960s. The publication was established as a small-format magazine called The Queen in 1873. In 1897 it was renamed McCall's Magazine—The Queen of Fashion (later shortened to McCall's) and subsequently grew in size to become a large-format glossy. It was one of the "Seven Sisters" group of women's service magazines.

McCall's published fiction by such well-known authors as Alice Adams, Lester Atwell, Ray Bradbury, Gelett Burgess, Willa Cather, Jack Finney, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Barbara Garson, John Steinbeck, Tim O'Brien, Tony J. Caridi, Anne Tyler and Kurt Vonnegut.
Erwin Carl Gangl
Erwin Carl 'Erv' Gangl (February 16, 1938 – June 27, 2021) was an electrical engineer who worked as a civilian for the United States Air Force at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. After taking early retirement in 1988, he continued working for defense contractors including Softech and CACI, Inc. in Centerville, OH. He was named Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2013 for his development of digital avionics intra-communication systems and the military standard MIL-STD-1553.

Avionics
Avionics (a portmanteau of aviation and electronics) are the electronic systems used on aircraft. Avionic systems include communications, navigation, the display and management of multiple systems, and the hundreds of systems that are fitted to aircraft to perform individual functions. These can be as simple as a searchlight for a police helicopter or as complicated as the tactical system for an airborne early warning platform.
2016 FAI Cup
The 2016 FAI Senior Challenge Cup, also known as the 2016 FAI Irish Daily Mail Senior Cup for sponsorship reasons, was the 96th season of the national Football competition of the Republic of Ireland. The winners of the competition earned a spot in the First qualifying round of the 2017–18 UEFA Europa League.

A total of 40 teams competed in the 2016 competition, which commenced in April 2016. The teams entered from the 2016 League of Ireland
Premier Division and First Division received byes into the second round stage. Four non-league teams also received byes to the second round. The remaining 12 teams entered at the first round stage. These non league teams are composed of the sixteen clubs which reached the fourth round of the 2015–16 FAI Intermediate Cup, and the semi-finalists of the 2015–16 FAI Junior Cup.

Cork City won the cup with a late extra-time goal for a 1-0 win against Dundalk in the final on 6 November.

RTÉ2
RTÉ2 (formerly known as Network 2, N2 and RTÉ Two) is an Irish free-to-air television channel owned and operated by RTÉ. It was launched on 2 November 1978 as Ireland's second television channel, at which point the pre-existing channel was renamed RTÉ 1 (currently RTÉ One).
The channel airs content aimed at 16-45 year-olds.
Horseshoe Bossier City
Horseshoe Bossier City is a riverboat casino in Bossier City, Louisiana, across the river from Shreveport.  Horseshoe Bossier City has 606 suites in its 25-story hotel tower.  Horseshoe has over 1,500 slot machines and over 60 table games.  Horseshoe has over 200 video poker machines, and a 14-table poker room. The casino is owned by Vici Properties and operated by Caesars Entertainment.

In October 2017, ownership of the property was transferred to Vici Properties as part of a corporate spin-off, and it was leased back to Caesars.

Corporate spin-off
A corporate spin-off, also known as a spin-out, starburst or hive-off, is a type of corporate action where a company "splits off" a section as a separate business or creates a second incarnation, even if the first is still active. It is distinct from a sell-off, where a company sells a section to another company or firm in exchange for cash or securities.
July 1944 lunar eclipse
A penumbral lunar eclipse occurred at the Moon’s descending node of orbit on Thursday, July 6, 1944, with an umbral magnitude of −0.4398. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened. A penumbral lunar eclipse occurs when part or all of the Moon's near side passes into the Earth's penumbra. Unlike a solar eclipse, which can only be viewed from a relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on the night side of Earth. Occurring about 2.8 days before perigee (on July 8, 1944, at 23:40 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.

This eclipse was the second of four penumbral lunar eclipses in 1944, with the others occurring on February 9, August 4, and December 29.

Lunar eclipse
A lunar eclipse, also called a blood moon, is an astronomical event that occurs when the Moon orbits through Earth's shadow.‍‍ Lunar eclipses occur during eclipse season, when the Moon's orbital plane is approximately in line with Earth and the Sun. The type and length of a lunar eclipse depend on the Moon's proximity to the lunar node.‍‍ In contrast with illusive and short-lasting solar eclipses, lunar eclipses can be observed from anywhere on the night side of Earth and often last for an hour or longer. Lunar eclipses are safe to observe without eye protection.

Lunar eclipses are notable for causing the Moon to appear orange or red. This occurs when the Moon passes through the Earth's umbra, necessitating any sunlight that reaches the Moon to first pass through the Earth's atmosphere. The resulting Rayleigh scattering removes high-wavelength colors such as violet and blue from the incoming light before it reflects off the lunar surface and is observed on Earth.
2007 Pot Black
The 2007 Pot Black was a professional non-ranking snooker tournament that was held on 6 October 2007 at the Sheffield City Hall in Sheffield, England. All matches were played over one frame.

Ken Doherty became the first Irish Pot Black champion by defeating Shaun Murphy 1–0 (71–36) in the final. The two-time world champion Ronnie O'Sullivan turned down an invitation to participate in the tournament, citing "personal commitments". This was the last edition of Pot Black to be staged.

Glossary of cue sports terms
The following is a glossary of traditional English-language terms used in the three overarching cue sports disciplines: carom billiards referring to the various carom games played on a billiard table without pockets; pool, which denotes a host of games played on a table with six pockets; and snooker, played on a large pocket table, and which has a sport culture unto itself distinct from pool. There are also games such as English billiards that include aspects of multiple disciplines.
Grey-collar
Grey-collar refers to professions where the nature of the work cannot easily be classified as blue-collar or white-collar. As such, the category represents an intermediary between blue-collar and white-collar work that combines elements of both categories in regard to the nature of the work and the required type of training, licensure, and formal education. In general, the category requires more intellectual labor than would be required of a blue-collar profession and more physical labor than would be required of a white-collar profession. The concept helps address, but does not fully resolve, classist attitudes towards and misconceptions about different professions.

Tradesperson
A tradesperson or tradesman/tradeswoman is a skilled worker that specialises in a particular craft or occupation. Tradespeople (tradesmen/women) usually gain their skills through work experience, on-the-job training, an apprenticeship program or formal education, or some mix of these methods.

As opposed to a master craftsman or an artisan, a tradesperson (tradesman/tradeswoman) is not necessarily restricted to manual work.
Fiesta (1947 film)
Fiesta is a 1947 American Technicolor musical drama film directed by Richard Thorpe and starring Esther Williams, Ricardo Montalbán, Mary Astor and Cyd Charisse. It was released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. The screenplay was written by George Bruce and Lester Cole.

The story focuses on Mario Morales (Montalbán), a bullfighter who wants to be a composer, and his twin sister, Maria Morales (Williams), who wants to be a bullfighter even though she is a woman.

The film was shot on location in Puebla, Mexico. This was Montalbán's first credited role in a Hollywood film, and resulted in him being offered a contract by the studio. It was also the first of three films pairing Williams and Montalbán, the other two being On an Island with You (1948) and Neptune's Daughter (1949).

Fiesta was the first time Williams's name was billed above the title in the marketing, though in the onscreen credits, all the actors are below the title.

Lester Cole
Lester Cole (June 19, 1904 – August 15, 1985) was an American screenwriter. He was one of the Hollywood Ten, a group of screenwriters and directors who were cited for contempt of Congress and blacklisted for their refusal to testify regarding their alleged involvement with the Communist Party.
Amazonas Baroque Ensemble
Amazonas Baroque Ensemble – ABE is a Baroque music group based on Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. Its members join themselves in Amazonas State University as music and musicology teachers and former students. Their aims included restoration of ancient Brazilian and Portuguese repertory, in a historically inspired approaching. Many of them joined musicological research and practical performance projects sponsored by local and federal government agencies, such as Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Amazonas, Petrobrás, Eletrobrás, among others. At this moment ABE performed in many Brazilian and European cities, including festivals (opera, sacred music) and stage productions.

Amazonas State University
The Amazonas State University (Portuguese: Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, UEA) is a Brazilian public university operated by the state of Amazonas, located in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. It was established in 2001 by a state law that turned the University of Technology of Amazonas (Universidade de Tecnologia do Amazonas) into the UEA. In 2011, UEA was ranked the best university of the state in an evaluation made by the Ministry of Education.
Uvea (Wallis and Futuna)
ʻUvea (Wallisian: ʻUvea, French: Royaume coutumier de Uvea) is one of the three official chiefdoms (Royaume coutumier, lit. 'customary kingdom') of the French territory of Wallis and Futuna (the other two being Sigave and Alo) in Oceania in the South Pacific Ocean.

Chiefdom
A chiefdom is a political organization of people represented or governed by a chief. Chiefdoms have been discussed, depending on their scope, as a stateless, state analogue or early state system or institution.

Usually a chief's position is based on kinship, which is often monopolized by the legitimate senior members of select families or 'houses'. These elites can form a political-ideological aristocracy relative to the general group.

Chiefdoms and chiefs are sometimes identified as the same as kingdoms and kings, and therefore understood as monarchies, particularly when they are understood as not necessarily states, but having monarchic representation or government.