hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Semiautomaton
In mathematics and theoretical computer science, a semiautomaton is a deterministic finite automaton having inputs but no output. It consists of a set Q of states, a set Σ called the input alphabet, and a function T: Q × Σ → Q called the transition function.

Associated with any semiautomaton is a monoid called the characteristic monoid, input monoid, transition monoid or transition system of the semiautomaton, which acts on the set of states Q. This may be viewed either as an action of the free monoid of strings in the input alphabet Σ, or as the induced transformation semigroup of Q.

In older books like Clifford and Preston (1967) semigroup actions are called "operands".

In category theory, semiautomata essentially are functors.

Function composition
In mathematics, the composition operator  takes two functions,  and , and returns a new function .  When the composite function  (pronounced " of ") is evaluated at an input , the result is . That is, the function  is applied after applying  to .

The composition of functions is a special case of the composition of relations, sometimes also denoted by . As a result, all properties of composition of relations are true of composition of functions, such as associativity.
Manghopir Hills
Manghopir Hills are located in between Karachi West District of Sindh and Hub District of Balochistan in Pakistan.

The hills in Karachi are the offshoots of the Kirthar Range. The highest point of these hills in Karachi is about 528m in the extreme north. All these hills are devoid of vegetation and have wide intervening plains, dry river beds and water channels.

Hub District
Hub District (Balochi, Lasi, Urdu: ضِلع حَب) is a coastal administrative district located in the southern part of Balochistan Province of Pakistan. The district was created after bifurcation of Lasbela District in 2022.

Hub district is bordered by Arabian sea to the south, Lasbela district to the west, Karachi division to the southeast, Dadu district to the northeast, Jamshoro district to the east, and Khuzdar to the north and northwest.

Its Provincial Assembly seat is PB-21 and National Assembly seat is NA-257 shared with the districts Awaran and Lasbela.

Sardar Muhammad Saleh Bhootani confirmed that the creation of Hub District is a long-standing demand of his people of PB-49 constituency and he thanked chief minister of Balochistan Abdul Quddus Bizenjo for approving the creation of this district.
Amitkumar Gautam
Amitkumar Gautam (born 10 October 1995) is an Indian cricketer. He made his first-class debut for Rajasthan in the 2016–17 Ranji Trophy on 5 November 2016. He made his List A debut for Rajasthan in the 2017–18 Vijay Hazare Trophy on 5 February 2018.

Rajasthan cricket team
The Rajasthan cricket team is a cricket team which represents the Indian state of Rajasthan. The team won the Ranji Trophy in the 2010–11 and 2011-12 seasons, having finished runners-up eight times between 1960–61 and 1973-74. It is currently in the Ranji Trophy Elite group. It is run by the Rajasthan Cricket Association and is popularly known as "Team Rajasthan".
Gabii
Gabii was an ancient city of Latium, located 18 km (11 mi) due east of Rome along the Via Praenestina, known in earlier times as the Via Gabina.

It lies within an archaeological park in which many remains have been recently unearthed.

Gabii was a renowned city and once a powerful rival to Rome, particularly during the early Republican period. In legend it was said to be the place where Rome’s founders Romulus and Remus were educated.

It was sited on the south-eastern perimeter of an extinct volcanic crater lake, approximately circular in shape, named the Lacus Gabinus, and then during later times called the Lago di Castiglione, "lake of the fortification", after Castiglione, a mediaeval tower erected on the site of the ancient acropolis, or arx, of Gabii. A necropolis is adjacent on that side of the lake. At present, the former lake is entirely agricultural land. Gabii is located in the frazione of Osteria dell'Osa 10 km (6.2 mi), in the Province of Rome, Region of Lazio.

Necropolis
A necropolis (pl.: necropolises, necropoles, necropoleis, necropoli) is a large, designed cemetery with elaborate tomb monuments. The name stems from the Ancient Greek νεκρόπολις nekropolis (lit. 'city of the dead').

The term usually implies a separate burial site at a distance from a city, as opposed to tombs within cities, which were common in various places and periods of history. They are different from grave fields, which did not have structures or markers above the ground. While the word is most commonly used for ancient sites, the name was revived in the early 19th century and applied to planned city cemeteries, such as the Glasgow Necropolis.
Apulu
Apulu (Etruscan: 𐌖𐌋𐌖𐌐𐌀), also syncopated as Aplu (Etruscan: 𐌖𐌋𐌐𐌀), is an epithet of the Etruscan fire god Śuri as chthonic sky god, roughly equivalent to the Greco-Roman god Apollo.
Their names are associated on Pyrgi inscriptions too.
The name Apulu or Aplu did not come directly from Greece but via a Latin center, probably Palestrina.

Under the name Apulu, he is known as god of the Sun and light, thunder and lightning, healing and plague, as well as the protector of divination, but he also has volcanic and infernal characteristics.

He was also known as Rath, Usil and Vetis, among other names.

Syncope (phonology)
In phonology, syncope (/ˈsɪŋkəpi/; from Ancient Greek: συγκοπή, romanized: sunkopḗ, lit. 'cutting up') is the loss of one or more sounds from the interior of a word, especially the loss of an unstressed vowel. It is found in both synchronic and diachronic analyses of languages. Its opposite, whereby sounds are added, is epenthesis.
Franklin Mountain talus snail
The Franklin Mountain talus snail, scientific name Sonorella metcalfi, is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the subfamily Helminthoglyptinae. This species is endemic to the United States.

The name "talus snail" refers to the fact that snails in this genus live on and in talus. This species is named after the Franklin Mountains in Texas.

The specific name metcalfi honors the American Malacologist Artie L. Metcalf

Franklin Mountains (Texas)
The Franklin Mountains of Texas (Spanish: Sierras de los Mansos) are a small range 23 miles (37 km) long, 3 miles (5 km) wide that extend from El Paso, Texas, north into New Mexico. The Franklins were formed due to crustal extension related to the Cenozoic Rio Grande rift. Although the present topography of the range and adjoining basins is controlled by extension during rifting in the last 10 million years, faults within the range also record deformation during the Laramide orogeny, between 85 and 45 million years ago.

The highest peak is North Franklin Peak at 7,192 feet (2,192 m). Much of the range is part of the Franklin Mountains State Park. The mountains are composed primarily of sedimentary rock with some igneous intrusions. Geologists refer to them as tilted-block fault mountains and in them can be found 1.25 billion-year-old Precambrian rocks, the oldest in Texas.
Hockley, West Midlands
Hockley is a central inner-city district in the city of Birmingham, England. It lies about one mile (1.5 kilometres) northwest of the city centre, and is served by the Jewellery Quarter station. Birmingham's Jewellery Quarter continues to thrive in Hockley, and much of the original architecture and small artisan workshops have survived intact.

Hockley is the location of the Museum of the Jewellery Quarter and Birmingham Mint. Vittoria Street in Hockley is home to Birmingham Institute of Art and Design's Jewellery School, and The Big Peg arts & crafts workshop cluster is nearby. Housing in the area is generally characterised by well-built Victorian villas and terraces.

The Hockley Flyover murals at the "Hockley flyover" road interchange are an exemplary example of brutalist late-modernist concrete architecture and are grade II listed.

Jewellery Quarter station
Jewellery Quarter station is a combined railway station and tram stop, situated in the Jewellery Quarter of Birmingham, England. The station is served by West Midlands Trains (who operate the station), Chiltern Railways, and West Midlands Metro.

The station is set at the mouth of Hockley No 2 Tunnel below the elevation of its road-level access point on Vyse Street; stairs and a lift are provided.
Ctenophorus adelaidensis
Ctenophorus adelaidensis, commonly known as the western heath dragon is a species of agamid lizard occurring in sandplains with heath and banksia along the lower coast of Western Australia, between Kalbarri and Perth. Adults are grey in colour, with dark blotches. They are relatively slow compared to other Ctenophorus species, preferring to scuttle rather than sprint.

Kalbarri, Western Australia
Kalbarri is a coastal town in the Mid West region located 592 km (368 mi) north of Perth, Western Australia. The town is located at the mouth of the Murchison River, which has an elevation of 6 metres (20 ft). It is connected by public transport to Perth via Transwa coach services N1 and N2.
Truman Bodden Law School
Truman Bodden Law School (previously known as Cayman Islands Law School) is a law school based in George Town, Cayman Islands affiliated with the University of Liverpool and Oxford Brookes University in the UK.  It was founded in 1982 by the Governor of the Cayman Islands and subsequently named after Truman Bodden, in recognition of the role that he played in the establishment of the law school.

The school offers two qualifications:
Full and part-time programmes leading to the Bachelor of Law (Honours) Degree of the University of Liverpool 
and attorney at law qualification of the Cayman Islands.

Attorney at law
Attorney at law or attorney-at-law, usually abbreviated in everyday speech to attorney, is the preferred term for a practising lawyer in certain jurisdictions, including South Africa (for certain lawyers), Sri Lanka, the Philippines, and the United States. The term has its roots in the verb to attorn, meaning to transfer one's rights and obligations to another.
R. Arunachalam
R. Arunachalam (ta: ஆர். அருணாச்சலம்) was an Indian politician and former Member of the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu. He was elected to the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly as an Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam candidate from Namakkal constituency in 1977, 1980 and 1984 elections.

1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election
The eighth legislative assembly election for Tamil Nadu was held on 24 December 1984. All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) won the election and its general secretary, incumbent M. G. Ramachandran (M.G.R) was sworn in as Chief Minister, for the third time. The election victory was mainly attributed to the sympathy wave created by Indira Gandhi's assassination and M.G.R's illness coupled with Rajiv Gandhi's popularity. This is the last election M.G.R contested as he died in office in 1987. This is also the only general election which M. Karunanidhi did not contest since 1957 until his death, as he sought to avoid a direct, disadvantageous contest due to a volatile political climate. As now, this is the last election where the ruling party gained seats.
Divine Comedy in popular culture
The Divine Comedy has been a source of inspiration for artists, musicians, and authors since its appearance in the late 13th and early 14th centuries. Works are included here if they have been described by scholars as relating substantially in their structure or content to the Divine Comedy.

The Divine Comedy (Italian: Divina Commedia) is an Italian narrative poem by Dante Alighieri, begun c. 1308 and completed in 1320, a year before his death in 1321. Divided into three parts: Inferno (Hell), Purgatorio (Purgatory), and Paradiso (Heaven), it is widely considered the pre-eminent work in Italian literature and one of the greatest works of world literature. The poem's imaginative vision of the afterlife is representative of the medieval worldview as it had developed in the Catholic Church by the 14th century. It helped to establish the Tuscan language, in which it is written, as the standardized Italian language.

Tuscan dialects
Tuscan (Italian: toscano [djaˈlɛtto tosˈkaːno; di.a-]; locally: vernacolo) is a set of Italo-Dalmatian varieties of Romance spoken in Tuscany, Corsica, and Sardinia.

Tuscan, especially its Florentine variety, formed the basis for establishing Standard Italian. Due mostly to the prestige of the works by Dante Alighieri, Petrarch, Giovanni Boccaccio, Niccolò Machiavelli, and Francesco Guicciardini, the Tuscan-derived elaboration became the primary language of culture throughout Italy, and later the official language of all of the historic Italian states and then of the Kingdom of Italy when it was formed.
Hot Wheels Turbo Racing
Hot Wheels Turbo Racing is a racing video game released for the Nintendo 64 and PlayStation in 1999. It features 40 cars based on the Hot Wheels series of toys. It also features Kyle Petty's 1999 NASCAR stock car, as it was sponsored by Hot Wheels. The game features music from artists like Primus, Metallica, The Reverend Horton Heat and Mix Master Mike.

Kyle Petty
Kyle Eugene Petty (born June 2, 1960) is an American former stock car racing driver and current racing commentator. He is the son of racer Richard Petty, grandson of racer Lee Petty, and father of racer Adam Petty, who was killed in a crash during practice in May 2000. Petty last drove the No. 45 Dodge Charger for Petty Enterprises, where he was CEO; his last race was in 2008.
Community Charter of the Fundamental Social Rights of Workers
The Community Charter of the Fundamental Social Rights of Workers (9 December 1989) is a principles-based charter of human rights that apply specifically to the workforce in the European Union. It is used as an interpretative aid by the Court of Justice of the European Union in construing the meaning of legislation and developing case law. It was initially drafted in 1989. All member states have adopted the text. (Initially, the United Kingdom under Margaret Thatcher's government did not adopt the charter, but the UK subsequently adopted the Charter in 1998).

Third Thatcher ministry
Margaret Thatcher was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 4 May 1979 to 28 November 1990, during which time she led a Conservative majority government. She was the first woman to hold that office. During her premiership, Thatcher moved to liberalise the British economy through deregulation, privatisation, and the promotion of entrepreneurialism.

This article details the third Thatcher ministry which she led at the invitation of Queen Elizabeth II from 1987 to 1990.
Chullachaki
The Chullachaki (Quechua, "one-footed", from chulla or ch'ulla = single, odd, unpaired, asymmetric, chaki = foot; spelling sometimes also used in Spanish) or Chullachaqui (Hispanicized spelling), also known as the Shapishico, is a mythical forest creature of the Peruvian and Brazilian Amazonian jungle.

Jungle
A jungle is land covered with dense forest and tangled vegetation, usually in tropical climates. Application of the term has varied greatly during the past century. Because jungles occur on all inhabited landmasses and may incorporate numerous vegetation and land types in different climatic zones, the wildlife of jungles cannot be straightforwardly defined.
History of Thurgau
The Thurgau (Turgowe, Turgovia) was a pagus of the Duchy of Alamannia in the early medieval period. 
A County of Thurgau (Landgrafschaft Thurgau) existed from the 13th century until 1798. 
Parts of Thurgau were acquired by the Old Swiss Confederacy during the early 15th century, and the entire county passed to the Confederacy as a condominium in 1460.

The county became  the Canton of Thurgau within the Helvetic Republic in 1798, and with the Act of Mediation of 1803 a canton of the restored Confederacy.

Restoration and Regeneration in Switzerland
The periods of Restoration and Regeneration in Swiss history lasted from 1814 to 1847. "Restoration" is the period of 1814 to 1830, the restoration of the Ancien Régime (federalism), reverting the changes imposed by Napoleon Bonaparte on the centralist Helvetic Republic from 1798 and the partial reversion to the old system with the Act of Mediation of 1803. "Regeneration" is the period of 1830 to 1848, when in the wake of the July Revolution the "restored" Ancien Régime was countered by the liberal movement. In the Protestant cantons, the rural population enforced liberal cantonal constitutions, partly in armed marches on the cities. This resulted in a conservative backlash in the Catholic cantons in the 1830s, raising the conflict to the point of civil war by 1847.
Leichlingen station
Leichlingen station is a through station in the town of Leichlingen in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It was opened on 25 August 1867 on the Gruiten–Köln-Deutz railway, which was completed between Gruiten and Opladen by the Bergisch-Märkische Railway Company on 25 September 1867. It has two platform tracks and it is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 5 station.

The station is served by the Rhein-Wupper-Bahn (RB 48) between Wuppertal-Oberbarmen and Cologne twice an hour during the day, with one train an hour to/from Bonn-Mehlem.

It is also served by two bus routes operated by Hüttebräucker: 253 (once a day) and 254 (at 60 minute intervals). It is served by bus route 255, operated by Wiedenhoff at 20–40 minute intervals and by bus route 694, operated by Stadtwerke Solingen at 30–60 minute intervals.

German railway station categories
The approximately 5,400 railway stations in Germany that are owned and operated by the Deutsche Bahn subsidiary DB InfraGO are divided into seven categories, denoting the service level available at the station.

This categorisation influences the amount of money railway companies need to pay to DB Station&Service for using the facilities at the stations.
Scott Steinert
Scott Steinert (1962 – 4 November 1997) was an American outlaw biker and gangster who was a member of the Hells Angels Motorcycle Club in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. He is generally regarded as the man behind the 9 August 1995 car bomb which accidentally killed 11-year-old Daniel Desrochers during the Hells Angels' war against the Rock Machine.

Face to Face (photograph)
Face to Face is a photograph of Canadian Army soldier Patrick Cloutier and Ojibwe activist Brad Larocque staring each other down during the Oka Crisis. It was taken on September 1, 1990, by Shaney Komulainen, and has become one of Canada's most famous images.
Sanjay Kumar (wrestler, born 1967)
Sanjay Kumar (born 23 December 1967) is a former freestyle wrestler from India. He became Commonwealth Champion twice, along with finishing runner-up in the 1989 South Asian Games. Although wrestling was not part of the 1990 Commonwealth Games, United World Wrestling conducted the event for the same in 1991, in which Kumar won gold medal. He had represented India in both the junior and the senior World Wrestling Championships.

Along with amateur wrestling, Kumar was also active in the traditional Indian wrestling, where he won the Hind Kesari, the Bharat Kesari, and the Rustom-e-Hind title. He served in the Border Security Force (BSF).

In 1997, the Government of India conferred the Arjuna Award on him.

1989 South Asian Games
The 1989 South Asian Games, officially the IV South Asian Federation Games, were held in Islamabad, Pakistan from 20 October to 28 October 1989. Muhammad Ali appeared as a special guest at the closing ceremony.
Bert Adams Scout Reservation
Bert Adams Scout Camp is a long-term overnight camp owned and operated by the Atlanta Area Council of the Boy Scouts of America. Bert Adams is located south of Covington, Georgia, situated on Lake Bulow Campbell; the camp is one of three major BSA summer camps in the Atlanta Area Council. The camp is named after Albert S. "Bert" Adams, a "beloved leader in the city of Atlanta", and the president of what was then called the "Atlanta Council of the Boy Scouts", during the 1920s.

Bert Adams has consistently been listed as one of the best scout camps in the United States by Boys Life and Scouting Magazines.

Central Georgia
Central Georgia, also known as Middle Georgia, is an eleven-county region in the U.S. state of Georgia. It abuts the Atlanta metropolitan area, just to the north, and is anchored by both the Macon and Warner Robins metropolitan areas.
Cephalanthus occidentalis
Cephalanthus occidentalis is a species of flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae that is native to eastern and southern North America. Common names include buttonbush, common buttonbush, button-willow, buck brush, and honey-bells.

San Joaquin Valley
The San Joaquin Valley (/ˌsæn hwɑːˈkiːn/ ⓘ SAN whah-KEEN; Spanish: Valle de San Joaquín) is the southern half of California's Central Valley. Famed as a major breadbasket, the San Joaquin Valley is an important source of food, producing a significant part of California's agricultural output.

San Joaquin Valley draws from nine counties of Northern and Central California, including all of San Joaquin and Kings counties, most of Stanislaus, Merced, and Fresno counties, and parts of Madera and Tulare counties, along with a majority of Kern County. Although the valley is predominantly rural, it has four densely populated urban centers:  Stockton/Modesto, Fresno, Porterville/Visalia, and Bakersfield.
Tutur Tinular
Tutur Tinular is an Indonesian historical-drama radio series.  Consists of 24 chapters with a total of 720 episodes, it was first aired in January 1989. At its prime, it was aired on 515 radio stations in Indonesia with millions of listeners. It was adapted to movies (Tutur Tinular I, II, III, IV) from 1989-1992. It was then adapted into a TV series  produced by Genta Buana Pitaloka and first aired on ANTV on October 25, 1997.

The 1997 TV series version is considered as one of the best adaptation of the radio series.

ANTV
ANTV (abbreviation from Andalas Televisi, stylized antv, alternatively spelled ANteve which was also known as a brand before 2003) is an Indonesian free-to-air television broadcaster based in South Jakarta. It is owned by Visi Media Asia (Viva), part of the Bakrie Group.
Alina Stoica
Alina Stoica (born 18 January 1979, Baia Mare) is a Romanian rhythmic gymnast.

Stoica competed for Romania in the rhythmic gymnastics individual all-around competition at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta. There she tied for 11th place in the qualification and advanced to the semifinal. In the semifinal she was 15th and didn't advance to the final of 10 competitors.

Gymnastics at the 1996 Summer Olympics – Women's rhythmic individual all-around
These are the results of the rhythmic team all-around competition, one of the two events of the rhythmic gymnastics discipline contested at the 1996 Summer Olympics. These games marked the beginning of the olympic career of Almudena Cid from Spain who went to compete in another three more olympic games.