hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
La Solidaridad
La Solidaridad (lit. The Solidarity) was an organization created in Spain on December 13, 1888. Composed of Filipino liberals exiled in 1872 and students attending Europe's universities, the organization aimed to increase Spanish awareness of the needs of its colony, the Philippines, and to propagate a closer relationship between the Philippines and Spain.

Headed by Galicano Apacible, it also issued a newspaper of the same name which was published in Barcelona, Spain on February 15, 1889. It was edited by Graciano López Jaena and later on by Marcelo H. del Pilar. The social, cultural, and economic conditions of the colonial Philippines were published in La Solidaridad. Speeches of the Spanish liberals about the Philippines were also featured in the newspaper.

Ferdinand Blumentritt
Ferdinand Johann Franz Blumentritt (10 September 1853, Prague – 20 September 1913, Litoměřice) was an Austrian teacher, secondary school principal in Leitmeritz, lecturer, and author of articles and books about the Philippines and its ethnography. He is well known in the Philippines for his close friendship with the writer and Propagandist José Rizal, and the numerous correspondence between the two provide a vital reference for historians and scholars studying Rizal, including his last letter from prison before the execution.
Il figlio delle selve
Il Figlio delle selve is an opera in three acts by Ignaz Holzbauer to a libretto by Carlo Sigismondo Capece premiering in June 1753 at the Schlosstheater Schwetzingen for Kurfürst Carl Theodor zu Mannheim, securing Holzbauer employment as kapellmeister. The opera was revived by Staats Theater Mainz for the Schwetzingen Festival 2003, and again for the Festival de Radio France et Montpellier Languedoc Roussillon in July 2005.

Schwetzingen Festival
The Schwetzingen Festival (German: Schwetzinger Festspiele, now Schwetzinger SWR Festspiele) is an early summer festival of opera and other classical music presented each year from May to early June in Schwetzingen, Germany.

In 1952, the broadcaster Süddeutscher Rundfunk founded the festival in the Schwetzingen area. It is located in a beautiful 250-year-old palace and park, Schwetzingen Castle, near the famous city of Heidelberg. The main venue is the historic Schlosstheater Schwetzingen. Nowadays, the successor organization is the Südwestrundfunk (SWR) and it organises many international concerts and music theatre events every year.
TDLR 4
Tralee and Dingle Light Railway 4 was a 0-4-2T was a 3 ft (914 mm) narrow gauge locomotive built by Hunslet Engine Company in 1890.  It operated the Tralee and Dingle Light Railway's 6 mi (9.7 km) Castle-Gregory branch in County Kerry, Ireland, until withdrawn in 1907.

The locomotive had cabs at both ends and the controls were duplicated so there was no need to turn the locomotive round at each end of the route.

The Fry Collection includes a model of the locomotive.  The picture of the Fry model shows a locomotive to apparently have a raised covered cab at both ends linked by the boiler with side tanks with the chimney extending though the somewhat longer cab at the front end.

Following withdrawal the number 4 was taken in 1908 by 2-6-0T No. 8 built in 1903, the number 8 then being taken a locomotive built in 1910.

Casino Model Railway Museum
The Casino Model Railway Museum at Malahide, Ireland (previously called the Fry Model Railway) is the display home for the Fry Model Collection in the refurbished Casino cottage building in central Malahide. It opened to the public on 22 January 2020.

The railway and collection was moved from its previous home in Malahide Castle in 2010.  The collection originated from the work of Cyril Fry who had created the collection to run on his layout at his cottage in Churchtown, Dublin.
Ulundi Airport
Ulundi Airport (IATA: ULD, ICAO: FAUL) is an airport serving the towns of Ulundi, Nongoma and Melmoth in the Zululand Municipal District of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.  Its official name is the Prince Mangosuthu Buthelezi Airport.  The airport is situated 1 km south-west of the entrance to the Ulundi Central Business District at the intersection of the R66 and the P700. The Ulundi airport is in close proximity to the Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park, and the EMakhosini Ophathe Heritage Park.

Hluhluwe–Imfolozi Park
Hluhluwe–Imfolozi Park, formerly Hluhluwe–Umfolozi Game Reserve, is a nature reserve in central KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. It consists of 960 km2 (370 sq mi) of hilly topography and is the oldest reserve in Africa. Operated by Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife, the park is the only state-run park in KwaZulu-Natal where each of the big five game animals occur.

Hluhluwe–Imfolozi Park has one of the largest populations of southern white rhinoceros in the world. However, this population remains severely threatened by poaching.
Robert McNaughton
Robert Forbes McNaughton, Jr. (1924–2014) was an American mathematician, logician, and computer scientist with several key contributions in formal languages, grammars and rewriting systems, and word combinatorics.

McNaughton was originally from Brooklyn, and earned a bachelor's degree from Columbia University.
He completed his Ph.D. at Harvard University; his dissertation, On Establishing the Consistency of Systems, was supervised by Willard Van Orman Quine.
He taught at the University of Pennsylvania and then at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.

He died in 2014 in Troy, New York.

Combinatorics on words
Combinatorics on words is a subfield of mathematics focused on the study of words and formal languages, which are (usually finite) strings of symbols from an arbitrary set (an "alphabet") and sets of words, respectively. The field has implications in various areas of mathematical study, notably algebra and theoretical computer science. Combinatorics on words became useful in the study of algorithms and coding.
PHF6
PHD finger protein 6 is a protein that is encoded by the PHF6 gene in humans.

This gene is a member of the plant homeodomain (PHD)-like finger (PHF) family. It encodes a protein with two atypical PHD-type zinc finger domains, indicating a potential role in transcriptional regulation, that localizes to the nucleolus.

PHD finger
The PHD finger was discovered in 1993 as a Cys4-His-Cys3 motif in the plant homeodomain (hence PHD) proteins HAT3.1 in Arabidopsis and maize ZmHox1a. 
The PHD zinc finger motif resembles the metal binding RING domain (Cys3-His-Cys4) and FYVE domain. It occurs as a single finger, but often in clusters of two or three, and it also occurs together with other domains, such as the chromodomain and the bromodomain.
Francesco Stelluti
Francesco Stelluti (12 January 1577, in Fabriano – November 1652, in Rome) was an Italian polymath who worked in the fields of mathematics, microscopy, literature, and astronomy. Along with Federico Cesi, Anastasio de Filiis and Johannes van Heeck, he founded the Accademia dei Lincei in August 1603.

Polymath
A polymath or polyhistor is an individual whose knowledge spans many different subjects, known to draw on complex bodies of knowledge to solve specific problems. Polymaths often prefer a specific context in which to explain their knowledge, but some are gifted at explaining abstractly and creatively.

Embodying a basic tenet of Renaissance humanism that humans are limitless in their capacity for development, the concept led to the notion that people should embrace all knowledge and develop their capacities as fully as possible. This is expressed in the term Renaissance man, often applied to the gifted people of that age who sought to develop their abilities in all areas of accomplishment: intellectually, artistically, socially, physically, and spiritually.
Ubari
Ubari or Awbari (Arabic: أوباري, romanized: ‘Awbārī) is an oasis town and the capital of the Wadi al Hayaa District, in the Fezzan region of southwestern Libya. It is in the Idehan Ubari, a Libyan section of the Sahara Desert. It was the capital of the former baladiyah (district) called Awbari, in the southwest of the country.

Fezzan
Fezzan (UK: /fɛˈzɑːn/ fez-AHN, US: /fɛˈzæn, fəˈzæn/ fez-AN, fə-ZAN; Berber languages: ⴼⵣⵣⴰⵏ, romanized: Fezzan; Arabic: ‏فَزَّان‎, romanized: Fazzān [fazˈzaːn]; Latin: Phazania) is the southwestern region of modern Libya. It is largely desert, but broken by mountains, uplands, and dry river valleys (wadis) in the north, where oases enable ancient towns and villages to survive deep in the otherwise inhospitable Sahara Desert. The term originally applied to the land beyond the coastal strip of Africa proconsularis, including the Nafusa and extending west of modern Libya over Ouargla and Illizi. As these Berber areas came to be associated with the regions of Tripoli, Cirta or Algiers, the name was increasingly applied to the arid areas south of Tripolitania.

After the 1934 formation of Libya, the Fezzan province was designated as one of the three primary provinces of the country, alongside Tripolitania province to the north and Cyrenaica province to the northeast.
Tuoyo Egodo
Tuoyo Anthony Egodo (born 16 February 1997) is a rugby footballer who plays rugby union for Moseley RFC and Nigeria. He previously played rugby league as a winger or centre for the London Broncos and Castleford Tigers, and for Nigeria at international level. Egodo also had loan spells at Hemel Stags, Oldham, York City Knights, Newcastle Thunder and the Bradford Bulls.

Nigeria national rugby league team
The Nigeria national rugby league team represents Nigeria in international rugby league football competitions.
They made their debut in the 2019 Middle East Africa Championship with a 23-12 victory over Ghana.
The Stool Pigeon (1915 film)
The Stool Pigeon is a 1915 American crime film directed by Lon Chaney and starring J. Warren Kerrigan, Vera Sisson and George Periolat. Chaney did not appear in the film himself. The film is considered to be lost.

The Stool Pigeon was Chaney's debut as a movie director. Chaney directed a total of six silent films for the Victor Company, all released in 1915. (The other five were For Cash, The Oyster Dredger, The Violin Maker, The Trust and The Chimney's Secret. Sadly none of the six films exist today.)

This film should not be confused with The Stool Pigeon (also 1915) which was directed by Paul Powell.

Lon Chaney
Leonidas Frank "Lon" Chaney (April 1, 1883 – August 26, 1930) was an American actor and makeup artist. He is regarded as one of the most versatile and powerful actors of cinema, renowned for his characterizations of tortured, often grotesque and afflicted, characters and for his groundbreaking artistry with makeup. Chaney was known for his starring roles in such silent horror films as The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1923) and The Phantom of the Opera (1925). His ability to transform himself using makeup techniques that he developed earned him the nickname "The Man of a Thousand Faces".
2023 Istanbul Challenger – Doubles
Purav Raja and Divij Sharan were the defending champions but only Sharan chose to defend his title, partnering Niki Kaliyanda Poonacha. Sharan lost in the first round to Altuğ Çelikbilek and Cem İlkel.

Luke Johnson and Skander Mansouri won the title after defeating Sander Arends and Aisam-ul-Haq Qureshi 7–6(7–3), 6–3 in the final.

Divij Sharan
Divij Sharan (born 2 March 1986) is an Indian professional tennis player. He specialises in doubles and competes on the ATP World Tour. He has won five ATP doubles  titles and represents India in the Davis Cup. He won a gold medal in the men's doubles at the 2018 Asian Games.
Alfred Claeys-Boùùaert (colonial administrator)
Alfred Marie Joseph Ghislain Claeys-Boúúaert (alternatively, Claeys-Bouüaert; 31 March 1906 – 9 October 1993) was a Belgian lawyer, colonial administrator and diplomat.
He was acting governor of Ruanda-Urundi from 1952 to 1955. Later he served on the United Nations Trusteeship Council.

Ruanda-Urundi
Ruanda-Urundi (French pronunciation: [ʁwɑ̃da uʁundi]), later Rwanda-Burundi, was a mandate and later trust territory ruled by Belgium between 1916 and 1962.

Once part of German East Africa, the region was occupied by troops from the Belgian Congo during the East African campaign in World War I. It was administered by Belgium under military occupation from 1916 to 1922. It was subsequently awarded to Belgium as a Class-B Mandate under the League of Nations in 1922 and became a Trust Territory of the United Nations in the aftermath of World War II and the dissolution of the League. In 1962, Ruanda-Urundi became the two independent states of Rwanda and Burundi.
Shirley Englehorn Invitational
The Shirley Englehorn Invitational was a women's professional golf tournament in Idaho for three seasons on the LPGA Tour. It was played from 1966 to 1968, at the Purple Sage Golf Course, north of Caldwell. Tour player Shirley Englehorn, a Caldwell native, hosted the tournament and won in 1967 in a playoff. Purple Sage was one of the final designs of A.V. Macan.

1966 LPGA Tour
The 1966 LPGA Tour was the 17th season since the LPGA Tour officially began in 1950. The season ran from March 17 to December 4. The season consisted of 32 official money events. Kathy Whitworth won the most tournaments, nine. She also led the money list with earnings of $33,517.

The season saw the first tournament in Canada, the Supertest Ladies Open. An unofficial event, The Lagunita Invitational, was played in Venezuela. This was the last year that the Titleholders Championship, an LPGA major, would be played in Georgia. It would return for one final year in 1972. The LPGA introduced the Player of the Year in 1966, won by Kathy Whitworth. There were two first-time winners in 1966: Gloria Ehret and Sandra Spuzich.

The tournament results and award winners are listed below.
Lynn Bromley
Lynn Bromley is an American politician and family therapist from Maine. From 2000 to 2008, Bromley, a Democrat, represented South Portland, Cape Elizabeth and Scarborough in the Maine Senate, where she was chair of the Joint Standing Committee on Business, Research and Economic Development. She was unable to run in 2008 because of term limits. In December 2010, she was appointed New England regional advocate for the federal Small Business Administration. She was recommended by Republican US Senator Susan Collins.

Bromley earned a B.A. from Bridgewater State College and a M.S.W. from Boston College.

Scarborough, Maine
Scarborough is a town in Cumberland County on the southern coast of the U.S. state of Maine. Located about 7 miles (11 km) south of Portland, Scarborough is part of the Portland–South Portland–Biddeford, Maine metropolitan statistical area. The population was 22,135 at the 2020 census, making it the most populous town in Maine.
Water pollution in the Canterbury Region
Water pollution in Canterbury, New Zealand has become a major environmental issue, largely due to pollution from agricultural sources. Most of the region's drinking water is sourced from groundwater via aquifers. Groundwater pollution has increased in the region following the expansion of irrigation and dairy farming since the 1990's. Research has shown that Canterbury has the largest percentage of high groundwater nitrates in the country. Nitrate exposure has been found to be associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer. The Canterbury Regional Council (Environment Canterbury) declared a 'nitrate emergency' in 2025.

The use of water for irrigation, and the discharge of nutrients, requires a resource consent. Water resources are managed by Environment Canterbury through the Canterbury Strategic Water Strategy, under the Resource Management Act.

Resource consent
A resource consent is the authorisation given to certain activities or uses of natural and physical resources required under the New Zealand Resource Management Act (the "RMA"). Some activities may either be specifically authorised by the RMA  or be permitted activities authorised by rules in plans. Any activities that are not permitted by the RMA, or by a rule in a plan, require a resource consent before they are carried out.
Marden, Tyne and Wear
Marden is an urban area between the towns of North Shields and Cullercoats in Tyne & Wear. It consists of a housing estate built in the 20th century. St Hilda's Church (Church of England) is in Marden, and has existed since 1955, moving to its current site in 1966. The area has a secondary school, Marden High School on Hartington Road.

North Shields
North Shields (/ʃiːlz/ SHEELZ) is a town in the borough of North Tyneside in Tyne and Wear, England. It is 8 miles (13 km) north-east of Newcastle upon Tyne and borders nearby Wallsend and Tynemouth. The population of North Shields at the 2021 census was 6,137.

Since 1974, it has been in the North Tyneside borough of Tyne and Wear: its historic administration was as part of the Castle ward in county of Northumberland. It was part of the Tynemouth County Borough; when abolished in 1974, the borough became an unparished area.

It is on the northern bank of the River Tyne, opposite to South Shields on the other bank.  The name derives from Middle English schele meaning "temporary sheds or huts used by fishermen".
2012 Southwestern Athletic Conference baseball tournament
The 2012 Southwestern Athletic Conference baseball tournament took place at Lee–Hines Field, on the campus of Southern University in Baton Rouge, LA from May 16 through 20, 2012.  The Prairie View A&M Panthers won their third tournament championship and earned the conference's automatic bid to the 2012 NCAA Division I baseball tournament.

The double elimination tournament featured the top four teams from each division, leaving one team from each division out of the field.

Southern University
Southern University and A&M College (Southern University, Southern, SUBR or SU) is a public historically black land-grant university in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States. It is the largest historically black college or university (HBCU) in Louisiana, a member-school of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund, and the flagship institution of the Southern University System. Its campus encompasses 512 acres (207 hectares), with an agricultural experimental station on an additional 372-acre (151-hectare) site, five miles (8.0 km) north of the main campus on Scott's Bluff overlooking the Mississippi River in the northern section of Baton Rouge.

Southern University's 13 intercollegiate athletics teams are known as the Jaguars, and are members of the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC) in NCAA Division I. The Human Jukebox is a well known collegiate marching band that has represented Southern University since 1947.
Fox Valley Classic Conference
The Fox Valley Classic Conference was a high school football conference that was formed for the spring 2021 alternate football season in Wisconsin. Containing members in northeastern and north central Wisconsin, the conference and its member schools were affiliated with the Wisconsin Interscholastic Athletic Association.

Wisconsin Interscholastic Athletic Association
The Wisconsin Interscholastic Athletic Association (WIAA) is the regulatory body for all high school sports in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. Its history dates to 1895, making it the earliest continually existing high school athletic organization in the country. It also provides the licensing program for more than 10,000 officials in the state, and oversees junior high or middle school athletics in about 100 of the state's nearly 400 school districts. Among its duties are the administration of state tournament series in its various sports, overseeing eligibility and conference alignment, and promoting sportsmanship.
Bill Loika
William W. Loika (January 1, 1922 – July 31, 1986) was an American football coach.  He was the sixth head football coach at Central Connecticut State University in New Britain, Connecticut, serving 18 seasons, from 1964 to 1981, and compiling a record  of 94–72–3.

Loika graduated from East Hartford High School in East Hartford, Connecticut in 1939.  He then attended St. Benedict's College—now known as Benedictine College—in Atchison, Kansas.  Loika began his coaching career 1947 in Hartford High School in Hartford, Connecticut, where he coached football, basketball, and baseball.  From 1962 to 1963, he was an assistant football coach at the University of Connecticut.  Loika died of cancer on July 31, 1986, at his home in Niantic, Connecticut.

East Hartford High School
East Hartford High School is a public high school of the East Hartford, Connecticut Public Schools. East Hartford High Schools shares its campus and many of its programs with the Connecticut International Baccalaureate Academy (CIBA), an honors college-preparatory high school for grades 9–12.
Golha (radio programmes)
The Golha (Persian: گلها, romanized: Flowers) was a radio broadcast on an Iranian government-owned radio station Radio Tehran, active from 1956 to 1979. The history of the broadcast is supported by The Golha Project. There were 1,578 programs, consisting of approximately 847 hours of music and poetry. Additionally they were covered in the Journal of Persianate Studies in 2008.

Radio Tehran
Radio Tehran (Persian: رادیو تهران) is a radio station in Tehran, Iran, broadcasting content directed mainly at Tehran and Tehran province. It is fully owned and operated by the Iranian government through the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting.
Jan van Leeuwen
Jan van Leeuwen (born 17 December 1946 in Waddinxveen) is a Dutch computer scientist and emeritus professor of computer science at the Department of Information and Computing Sciences at Utrecht University.

Waddinxveen
Waddinxveen (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌʋɑdɪŋksˈfeːn] ⓘ) is a town and municipality along the Gouwe river in the western Netherlands in the province of South Holland near Gouda. The municipality had a population of 30,479 in 2021 and covers an area of 29.40 km2 (11.35 sq mi) of which 1.63 km2 (0.63 sq mi) is water.

A small piece of artwork named De Vergeten Plek (Dutch for 'The Forgotten Place') marks the lowest point on the Dutch polders, 7.01 meters below Amsterdam Ordnance Datum.
Muuga, Viimsi Parish
Muuga is a village in Viimsi Parish, Harju County in northern Estonia. It is located about 12 km (7 mi) northeast of the centre of Tallinn, just north of Maardu's district of Muuga aedlinn (Muuga garden city), on the coast of Muuga Bay. Half of the village's territory is occupied by the Port of Muuga (which also occupies lands from Uusküla and Maardu). As of the 2011 census, the settlement's population was 581, of which the Estonians were 327 (56.3%).

The western part of Muuga is connected to the centre of Tallinn by Tallinn Bus Company's route no. 38 (Viru keskus – Muuga), and the average travel time is about 35 minutes. The eastern part is reachable by route no. 34A (Viru keskus - Muuga aedlinn), and the average travel time is also about 35 minutes, but it is much more frequent.

Estonia's second-largest glacial erratic, Kabelikivi (Chapel Rock), is located in Muuga. It is 18.7 m long, 14.9 m wide, and 6.4 m high, and its above-ground volume is 728 m³.

Kabelikivi

Muuga aedlinn
Muuga aedlinn (lit. 'Muuga Garden City') is a residential area in the western part of the town of Maardu, Estonia. It is located just east of Tallinn's Pirita district.

The development of Muuga aedlinn has been active since the 1950s. At first it was mainly covered with summer cottages. Since the 1990s it has gradually changed into a permanent residential area.

Muuga aedlinn is reachable from the centre of Tallinn by Tallinn Bus Company's route no. 34 (Viru Keskus – Muuga aedlinn), average traveling time is about 30 minutes.