hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Carmen García Rosado
PFC Carmen García Rosado (born October 29, 1926 - April 30, 2016) was an educator, author and activist for the rights of women veterans who was among the first 200 Puerto Rican women to be recruited into the WAC's during World War II. Her book "LAS WACS-Participacion de la Mujer Boricua en la Segunda Guerra Mundial" (The WACs-The participation of the Puerto Rican women in the Second World War), is the first book to document the experiences of the first 200 Puerto Rican women who participated in said conflict as members of the armed forces of the United States.

Humacao, Puerto Rico
Humacao (Spanish pronunciation: [umaˈkao]) is a city and municipality in Puerto Rico located in the eastern coast of the island, north of Yabucoa; south of Naguabo; east of Las Piedras; and west of Vieques Passage. Humacao is spread over 12 barrios and Humacao Pueblo (the downtown area and the administrative center of the city). It is part of the San Juan-Caguas-Guaynabo Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Råbygda
Råbygda (or historically: Gjølme) is a village in Orkland Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. The village is located on the western shore of the Orkla River, at the mouth of the river. The village lies about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) west of the centre of the town of Orkanger and about 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) south of the village of Kjøra. There is a silicon carbide factory in the village.

The 0.61-square-kilometre (150-acre) village had a population (2012) of 521 and a population density of 854 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,210/sq mi). Since 2012, the population and area data for this village has not been separately tracked by Statistics Norway. Since 2012, the village has been considered a part of the Orkanger-Fannrem urban area. The name was changed to Råbygda in 2013. Prior to that time, it was called Gjølme.

Silicon carbide
Silicon carbide (SiC), also known as carborundum (/ˌkɑːrbəˈrʌndəm/), is a hard chemical compound containing silicon and carbon. A wide bandgap semiconductor, it occurs in nature as the extremely rare mineral moissanite, but has been mass-produced as a powder and crystal since 1893 for use as an abrasive. Grains of silicon carbide can be bonded together by sintering to form very hard ceramics that are widely used in applications requiring high endurance, such as car brakes, car clutches and ceramic plates in bulletproof vests. Large single crystals of silicon carbide can be grown by the Lely method and they can be cut into gems known as synthetic moissanite.

Electronic applications of silicon carbide such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and detectors in early radios were first demonstrated around 1907. SiC is used in semiconductor electronics devices that operate at high temperatures or high voltages, or both.
Punto Neutro de Intercambio de Tráfico de Costa Rica
Punto Neutro de Intercambio de Tráfico de Costa Rica (Costa Rica Neutral Internet Exchange Point) (CRIX), established in 2014, is an internet exchange point operated by NIC Costa Rica in San José, the capital of Costa Rica. NIC Costa Rica is a non-profit organization and specialized unit of the National Academy of Sciences. It is responsible for managing and providing top-level .cr domains and second-level .co.cr, .fi.cr, .or.cr, .sa.cr, .ed.cr, ac.cr and .go.cr domains.

CRIX has two points of presence, both in San José, for redundancy.

As a neutral IXP, CRIX connects today all the Service Providers in Costa Rica and hosts the most popular CDN (Content delivery network).

CRIX is an active member of different international organizations like the European Internet Exchange Association and Latin American and Caribbean Internet Exchange Association

Point of presence
A point of presence (PoP) is an artificial demarcation point or network interface point between communicating entities. A common example is an ISP point of presence, the local access point that allows users to connect to the Internet with their Internet service provider (ISP). A PoP typically houses servers, routers, network switches, multiplexers, and other network interface equipment that connects an ISP to customers including OLTs (optical line terminals) for fibre internet, and is typically located in a data centre. ISPs typically have multiple PoPs. PoPs are often located at Internet exchange points and colocation centres.

In the US, this term became important during the court-ordered breakup of the Bell Telephone system.  A point of presence was a location where a long-distance carrier (IXC) could terminate services and provide connections into a local telephone network (LATA).
Mount Surat
Mount Surat is a mountain in Dukes County, Massachusetts, United States. It is located on Naushon Island 1.7 miles (2.7 km) west of Jobs Neck in the Town of Gosnold. Mount Cary is located southwest of Mount Surat.

Dukes County, Massachusetts
Dukes County is a county in the U.S. state of Massachusetts. At the 2020 census, the population was 20,600, making it the second-least populous county in Massachusetts. Its county seat is Edgartown.

Dukes County comprises the Vineyard Haven, MA Micropolitan Statistical Area. The county consists of 33 named islands, the largest of which is Martha's Vineyard. It also includes Chappaquiddick Island (sometimes peninsula of the Vineyard), the Elizabeth Islands, including Cuttyhunk, and Nomans Land.
Tyuy
Tyuy (Russian: Тюй) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Tyuinskoye Rural Settlement, Chernushinsky District, Perm Krai, Russia. The population was 475 as of 2010. There are 5 streets.

Chernushinsky District
Chernushinsky District (Russian: Черну́шинский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion) of Perm Krai, Russia; one of the thirty-three in the krai. Municipally, it is incorporated as Chernushinsky Municipal District. It is located in the south of the krai and borders with Uinsky District in the north, Oktyabrsky District in the east, the Republic of Bashkortostan in the south, Kuyedinsky District in the west, and with Bardymsky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 1,676 square kilometers (647 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Chernushka. Population:  50,593 (2010 Census); 53,746 (2002 Census); 51,743 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Chernushka accounts for 65.8% of the district's total population.
Tanvir Mokammel
Tanvir Mokammel (born 8 March 1955) is a Bangladeshi filmmaker and writer. He is the recipient of Ekushey Padak in 2017. He won Bangladesh National Film Awards total ten times for the films Nodir Naam Modhumoti (1995), Chitra Nodir Pare (1999) and Lalsalu (2001). He is the current director of Bangladesh Film Institute in Dhaka.

National Film Awards (Bangladesh)
The National Film Awards (Bengali: জাতীয় চলচ্চিত্র পুরস্কার) is an annual awards ceremony held annually in Dhaka, Bangladesh. It is considered to be the most significant film award ceremony in Bangladesh. The National Film Awards were established in 1975 by the government of Bangladesh. Every year, a national panel appointed by the government selects the winning entries.
Shaadisthan
Shaadisthan is a 2021 Indian Hindi-language drama musical film directed by Raj Singh Chaudhary starring Kirti Kulhari. The film is produced under the production company Famous Digital Studio and distributed by Disney+ Hotstar Multiplex. The story is based on women's empowerment.

Music genre
A music genre is a conventional category that identifies some pieces of music as belonging to a shared tradition or set of conventions. Genre is to be distinguished from musical form and musical style, although in practice these terms are sometimes used interchangeably.

Music can be divided into genres in numerous ways, sometimes broadly and with polarity, e.g., popular music as opposed to art music or folk music, or, as another example, religious music and secular music. Often, however, classification draws on the proliferation of derivative subgenres, fusion genres, and microgenres that has started to accrue, e.g., screamo, country pop, and mumble rap, respectively. The artistic nature of music means that these classifications are often subjective and controversial, and some may overlap. As genres evolve, novel music is sometimes lumped into existing categories.
Francisco Pérez Castro
Eulalio Francisco Castro Paz (Frank Castro or Frank Pérez) was a Cuban-American anticommunist revolutionary, gang leader, arms dealer, terrorist group leader, intelligence operative, undercover agent, drug and narcotics smuggler, decades-long jewelry store owner, and pillar of the Little Havana community who has a street named after him in Miami.

Frank was a Cuban-born exile living in the United States who worked for the Central Intelligence Agency and as a member of Brigade 2506 participated in the Bay of Pigs Invasion. Frank was a vocal critic of the Castro regime, and was a staunch anticommunist and anti-Castro activist (activista anticastra). Castro hated Castro most of all, and spent his adult life in exile trying to topple his government in Cuba.

Coordination of United Revolutionary Organizations
The Coordination of United Revolutionary Organizations (Spanish: Coordinación de Organizaciones Revolucionarias Unidas, CORU) was a militant group responsible for a number of terrorist activities directed at the Cuban government following the Cuban Revolution. It was founded by a group that included Orlando Bosch and Luis Posada Carriles, both of whom worked with the CIA at various times, and was composed chiefly of Cuban exiles opposed to the Castro government. It was formed in 1976 as an umbrella group for a number of anti-Castro militant groups. Its activities included a number of bombings and assassinations, including the killing of human-rights activist Orlando Letelier in Washington, D.C. in collaboration with Chilean secret police DINA, and the bombing of Cubana Flight 455 which killed 73 people.
Crouzon syndrome
Crouzon syndrome is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder caused by a mutation in a gene on chromosome 10 that controls the body's production of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2).  Crouzon syndrome is named for Octave Crouzon, a French physician who first described this disorder. First called "craniofacial dysostosis" ("craniofacial" refers to the skull and face, and "dysostosis" refers to malformation of bone), the disorder was characterized by a number of clinical features which can be described by the rudimentary meanings of its former name. The developing fetus's skull and facial bones fuse early or are unable to expand. Thus, normal bone growth cannot occur. Fusion of different sutures leads to abnormal patterns of growth of the skull.

Lambdoid suture
The lambdoid suture, or lambdoidal suture, is a dense, fibrous connective tissue joint on the posterior aspect of the skull that connects the parietal bones with the occipital bone. It is continuous with the occipitomastoid suture.
D. H. Robins' cricket team in New Zealand in 1979–80
Sports promoter Derrick Robins assembled a cricket team, captained by Chris Cowdrey, to tour Australia and New Zealand in February and March 1980. The team played only minor cricket in Australia but their schedule in New Zealand included two first-class matches against Northern Districts at Seddon Park, Hamilton and against a Young New Zealand XI at Eden Park, Auckland. These two matches ended in draws. In addition to Cowdrey, Robins' team included Dipak Patel, Bill Athey, Kim Barnett and Nick Cook.

Kim Barnett
Kim John Barnett (born 17 July 1960) is an English former cricketer. Barnett was a batsman who played internationally for England between 1988 and 1989.

He was primarily a batsman, but could also deploy effective leg spin, and topped the English first-class bowling averages in 1994 with 13.30, albeit with only thirteen wickets to his name. Barnett was named one of the five Wisden Cricketers of the Year in 1989.
Hellhole (cave)
Hellhole is a large and deep pit cave in Germany Valley of eastern West Virginia. It is the seventh longest cave in the United States and is home to almost half of the world's population of Virginia big-eared bats. At 737 feet (225 m), Hellhole is the deepest of several caves in the Valley.

Hellhole has had a long and storied association with the National Speleological Society dating back to the creation of that organization in the early 1940s. Many basic caving techniques (e.g., the single rope technique) were developed in Hellhole's 154-foot (47-meter) entrance drop.

West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection
The West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection is a government agency of the U.S. state of West Virginia.

The Department originated as the Division of Environmental Protection (an agency of the Department of Commerce, Labor and Environmental Resources), created in October 1992. The Division was elevated to a Cabinet-level Department in 2001.
Acacia falcata
Acacia falcata, commonly known as burra, sickle-shaped acacia, sally, hickory wattle or silver-leaved wattle, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is an erect, slender shrub or tree with red-brown, glabrous branchlets, sickle-shaped phyllodes, spherical heads of creamy white flowers and linear, leathery pods.

Phyllode
Phyllodes are modified petioles or leaf stalks, which are leaf-like in both appearance and function. In some plants, these  become flattened and widened, while the leaf itself becomes reduced or vanishes altogether. Thus the phyllode comes to serve the purpose of the leaf. Some important examples are Euphorbia royleana which are cylindrical and Opuntia which are flattened.

They are common in the genus Acacia, especially the Australian species, at one time put in Acacia subg. Phyllodineae. Sometimes, especially on younger plants, partially formed phyllodes bearing reduced leaves can be seen. The illustration (to the right) of Acacia suaveolens from Novae Hollandiae plantarum specimen shows the juvenile true leaves, together with the developing phyllodes, and the phyllodes of the mature plant.

The genus, Daviesia, in the family Fabaceae, is characterised in part by the plants having phyllodes.
Tony Devenish
Anthony Stuart Devenish (born 31 March 1968) is a British politician who served as the member of the London Assembly for West Central between 2016 and 2024. A member of the Conservative Party, he is also a councillor on Westminster City Council, representing the Knightsbridge and Belgravia ward. Devenish is a member of the Conservative Friends of Israel group.

Conservative Friends of Israel
Conservative Friends of Israel (CFI) is a British parliamentary group affiliated to the Conservative Party, which is dedicated to strengthening control over business, cultural and political ties between the United Kingdom and Israel, as well as between the British Conservative Party and the Israeli Likud party.

It was founded in 1974 by Michael Fidler, the Conservative MP for Bury and Radcliffe. The current Honorary President is Stuart Polak, Baron Polak.

In 1995 Conservative politician Robert Rhodes James called it "the largest organisation in Western Europe dedicated to the cause of the people of Israel". By 2009, according to the Channel 4 documentary Dispatches – Inside Britain's Israel Lobby, around 80% of Conservative MPs were members of the CFI. In 2013, the Daily Telegraph's chief political commentator, Peter Oborne, called CFI "by far Britain's most powerful pro-Israel lobbying group."
Daewoo Precision Industries K2
Daewoo Precision Industries K2 assault rifle is the service rifle of the South Korean military. It was developed by the South Korean Agency for Defense Development and manufactured by SNT Motiv (formerly Daewoo Precision Industries) and Dasan Machineries (since 2016). Shoulder-fired and gas-operated, the K2 is capable of firing both 5.56×45mm NATO and .223 Remington ammunition; however, using .223 Remington is only recommended for practicing for short distance.

The K2 supplanted the M16A1 assault rifle as the primary infantry weapon for the South Korean military since its adoption in 1985, though the former remains in service with reservists.

.223 Remington
The .223 Remington, also known as 223 Remington by SAAMI  and 223 Rem. by the C.I.P., (pronounced "two-two-three") is a rimless, bottlenecked, centerfire intermediate cartridge. It was developed in 1957 by Remington Arms and Fairchild Industries for the U.S. Continental Army Command of the United States Army as part of a project to create a small-caliber, high-velocity firearm. Firing a .2245 in (5.70 mm) projectile, the .223 Remington is considered one of the most popular common-use cartridges and is used by a wide range of semi-automatic and manual-action rifles.
Canon de 19 C modèle 1870/93
The Canon de 19 C modèle 1870/93 was a French coastal defense gun designed and built before World War I that also saw action during World War II. A number of guns were also converted to railway guns during World War I in order to meet the need for heavy artillery and these were also used in World War II.

Railway gun
A railway gun, also called a railroad gun, is a large artillery piece, often surplus naval artillery, mounted on, transported by, and fired from a specially designed railway wagon. Many countries have built railway guns, but the best-known are the large Krupp-built pieces used by Germany in World War I and World War II. Smaller guns were often part of an armoured train.  They were only able to be moved where there were good tracks, which could be destroyed by artillery bombardment or airstrike. Railway guns were phased out after World War II.
Lat money
Lat money (Lao: ເງິນລາດ) refers to the bar-shaped coinage minted and used as currency in the kingdom of Lan Xang and its successor kingdoms of Vientiane, Luang Prabang, and Champasak. "Lat" is a Lao abbreviation for "talat" or "market," referring to the small denomination currency which may also be referred to as "boat money" or "Ngern Heua." The bar-shaped coinage of Lan Xang could be differentiated according to shape, weight, metal, alloy, and mint marks.

Kingdom of Vientiane
The Kingdom of Vientiane was formed in 1707 as a result of the split of the Kingdom of Lan Xang. The kingdom was a Burmese vassal from 1765 to 1779. It then became a Siamese vassal until 1828 when it was annexed by Siam.
You Be Killin Em
"You Be Killin Em" is a song by American rapper Fabolous, released by Def Jam Recordings on November 23, 2010 as the first single from his debut extended play There Is No Competition 2: The Grieving Music EP (2010). It was recorded at Tainted Blue Studio, NYC, by Widens Pkolo Dorsainville. Production was handled by American singer Ryan Leslie, with alleged involvement from American rapper Kid Cudi.

Def Jam Recordings
Def Jam Recordings (also simply known as Def Jam) is an American multinational record label owned by Universal Music Group. It is based in Manhattan, New York City, specializing predominantly in hip-hop, contemporary R&B, soul and pop.

The label has a London-based, UK arm known as 0207 Def Jam (formerly Def Jam UK in the 1990s until the mid-2000s) and is currently operated through EMI Records. It has a Johannesburg, South Africa and Lagos, Nigeria-based arm known as Def Jam Africa.
181st New York State Legislature
The 181st New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 8, 1975, to August 5, 1976, during the first and second years of Hugh Carey's governorship in Albany.

Mary Anne Krupsak
Mary Anne Krupsak (March 26, 1932 – December 28, 2024) was an American lawyer and politician from New York. She was the lieutenant governor of New York from 1975 to 1978. She was the first woman to hold the office.
Shabaz Masoud
Shabaz Masoud (born 4 March 1996) is a British-Pakistani professional boxer. He has held the IBO super-bantamweight title since November 2024 and the European super-bantamweight title since December 2025.

European Boxing Union
The European Boxing Union (EBU), formerly known as the International Boxing Union (IBU), is a pan-European governing body that sanctions championship bouts in professional boxing. The EBU governs the EBU European Championship, in addition to their EBU EU Championship for competitors from within the European Union and the EBU EE Championship for those outside the European Union. It is a federation affiliated with the World Boxing Council (WBC).

During most of the 20th century and, particularly, during start of the century, the EBU recognized many world title fights as the IBU. It competed against the American-based National Boxing Association (NBA), which staged the more high profile world title fights.
South African Class NG G14 2-6-2+2-6-2
The South African Railways Class NG G14 2-6-2+2-6-2 of 1931 was an articulated narrow gauge steam locomotive.

In 1931, the South African Railways (SAR) placed a single lightweight Class NG G14 Garratt articulated steam locomotive with a 2-6-2+2-6-2 Double Prairie type wheel arrangement in service.

South African Railways and Harbours Administration
The South African Railways and Harbours Administration (SAR&H) was established on 31 May 1910 with formation of the Union of South Africa by the amalgamation of the four colonial railways and all harbours in South Africa - about 11,000 kilometres of track. It would manage road transport and pipelines in South Africa. It also managed South African Airways from 1934 to 1997. It was reorganised and renamed in 1981 as the South African Transport Services (SATS). In 1990 it became Transnet.
TIK-301
TIK-301, also known as LY-156735 or PD-6735 or as β-methyl-6-chloromelatonin, is an agonist for the melatonin receptors MT1 and MT2 that is under development for the treatment of insomnia and other sleep disorders. Its agonist action on MT1 and MT2 receptors in the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the brain enables its action as a chronobiotic. It is in the same class of melatonin receptor agonists as ramelteon and tasimelteon.

Phases of clinical research
The phases of clinical research are the stages in which scientists conduct experiments with a health intervention to obtain sufficient evidence for a process considered effective as a medical treatment. For drug development, the clinical phases start with testing for drug safety in a few human subjects, then expand to many study participants (potentially tens of thousands) to determine if the treatment is effective. Clinical research is conducted on drug candidates, vaccine candidates, new medical devices, and new diagnostic assays.
Mistri Airways
Mistri Airways, later known as Indian Overseas Airlines,  is a defunct airline, which was based in India.

The airline started operations in 1946 using Douglas DC-3s and later also ordered for a Martin 2-0-2.

The airline was started by one 29-year-old Parsi businessman, Rusi Mistri, who owned his personal Beech D17S.

Mistri Airways operated flights between Mumbai, Nagpur and Calcutta, in addition to charter work.  In 1947, it changed its name to Indian Overseas Airlines. In 1949, it also got license to operate flights for air-mail services and also started operating on other routes like Nagpur -Hyderabad -Bangalore - Madras and Nagpur- Jabalpur - Allahbad -Kanpur -Lukhnow. The night air mail services' first license was granted to Indian Overseas Airlines but the airline closed by end of year 1950 due to financial problems.

Martin 2-0-2
The Martin 2-0-2 was a low-wing, all-metal, twin piston-engined American airliner designed and built by the Glenn L. Martin Company.  Introduced in 1947, the 40 passenger unpressurized aircraft was powered by Pratt & Whitney R-2800 CA-18 Double Wasp 18-cylinder air-cooled radial engine, and cruised at 255 knots.