hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
First Herat War
The First Herat War (Persian: جنگ اول هرات, romanized: Jang-e Avval-e Herāt; 1837–1838) was an attack on the Principality of Herat by Qajar Iran during the Great Game. Herat was held by Kamran Shah and his vizier Yar Mohammad Khan Alakozai. The Shah of Iran was Mohammad Shah Qajar. Four Europeans were involved: the British, Sir John McNeill and Eldred Pottinger as well as the Russians, Count Simonich and Jan Prosper Witkiewicz. Sher Mohammad Khan Hazara, an ally of Kamran and chieftain of the Qala-e Naw Hazaras, helped form a Sunni confederacy of Aimaq, Turkmen, and Uzbek tribes and played a crucial role in defending Herat when the city was besieged. The siege ended when neither side gained a clear advantage, the British threatened to take military action and the Russians withdrew their support.

Uzbeks
The Uzbeks (Uzbek: Oʻzbeklar; Ўзбеклар; اۉزبېکلر‎) are a Turkic ethnic group native to Central Asia, being the largest Turkic ethnic group in the area. They comprise the majority population of Uzbekistan, next to Tajiks and Karakalpak minorities, and also form minority groups in Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Russia, and China. Uzbek diaspora communities also exist in Turkey, Saudi Arabia, United States, Ukraine, Pakistan, and other countries.
Little Pigeon Creek Community
Little Pigeon Creek Community, also known as Little Pigeon Creek Settlement and Little Pigeon River settlement, was a settlement in present Carter and Clay Townships: 271–272, 412  in Spencer County, Indiana along Little Pigeon Creek. The community, near present-day Lincoln City, Indiana, was established on frontier land by 1816. There were enough settlers in the Indiana wilderness to enable Indiana to become a state in December, 1816.: 22

Lincoln family
The Lincoln family is an American family of English origins. It includes the fourth United States Attorney General, Levi Lincoln Sr., governors Levi Lincoln Jr. (of Massachusetts) and Enoch Lincoln (of Maine), and Abraham Lincoln, the sixteenth president of the United States.

There were ten known descendants of Abraham Lincoln. The president's branch of the family is believed to have been extinct since its last undisputed, legal and known descendant, Robert Todd Lincoln Beckwith, died on December 24, 1985, without any acknowledged children.
Baltimora
Baltimora was an Italian music project from Milan, active from 1984 to 1987. They are best known for their 1985 single "Tarzan Boy" and are often considered a one-hit wonder in the United Kingdom and the United States. In other European countries, including their native Italy, Baltimora scored a follow-up hit "Woody Boogie" the same year.

One-hit wonder
A one-hit wonder is any person, band, etc., that achieves mainstream popularity, often for only one piece of work, and becomes known among the general public solely for that momentary success. The term is most commonly used in regard to music performers with only one hit single that overshadows their other work. Some artists dubbed "one-hit wonders" in a particular country had achieved success in other countries. Music artists with subsequent popular albums and hit listings are not properly considered a one-hit wonder, although artists with multiple hits have sometimes been erroneously labelled as "one-hit wonders" if one particular hit has become much more well-remembered years or decades later than their other hits. One-hit wonders usually see their popularity decreasing after their hit listing, and most often never return to hit listings with other songs or albums.
Kyzylkala
Kyzylkala, or Kzylkala (Red Fortress), was a medieval trading settlement on the Silk Road, situated close to the mountain Sherkala in Kazakhstan. The town developed around the 10th century with the arrival of settlers from Khorezm, and declined in the 13th century after the Mongol conquest of Khorezm. This decay was reinforced by changes in the level of the Caspian Sea, which caused caravans to take a new route, bypassing Kyzylkala.

According to al-Khwārizmī Kyzylkala was founded by the invading Sheikh of Khorezm Astsyz after conquering Mankashlak in 1138. Remains of several buildings including fortifications, an extensive caravanserai, mausoleum and three ovens have been identified. Remains of Oguz, Khorezm pottery and stone talc vessels originating from Sultan-Uizdag mountain have been found. But coins have never been found either here or at Sherkala, implying that only bartering occurred.

Mangyshlak Peninsula
Mangyshlak or Mangghyshlaq Peninsula (Kazakh: Маңғыстау түбегі, romanized: Mañğystau tübegı; Russian: Полуостров  Мангышла́к, romanized: Poluostrov Mangyshlák) is a large peninsula located in western Kazakhstan. It borders on the Caspian Sea in the west and with the Buzachi Peninsula, a marshy sub-feature of the main peninsula, in the northeast. The Tyuleniy Archipelago lies off the northern shores of the peninsula.

The area is between desert and semidesert with a harsh continental dry climate. There are no rivers and no fresh water springs. Geologically, the Mangyshlak Peninsula is part of the Ustyurt Plateau. To the north, three mountain ranges stretch across the peninsula, the North and South Aktau Range and the Mangystau Range, with the highest point reaching 555 m. Administratively, the peninsula is in Kazakhstan's Mangystau Province. The largest city, and the capital of the province, is Aktau (formerly Shevchenko).
1888 Harvard Crimson football team
The 1888 Harvard Crimson football team represented Harvard University in the 1888 college football season. They finished with a 12–1 record. The team outscored its opponents 626–32, including a 102–0 victory over Amherst on November 3. The Crimson suffered its sole loss, to Princeton, losing by an 18–6 score on November 17.  Two days later, Harvard defeated the Penn by a 50–0 score.

1888 Princeton Tigers football team
The 1888 Princeton Tigers football team represented Princeton University in the 1888 college football season. The team compiled an 11–1 record.  The team held its first ten opponents scoreless, winning those games by a combined 589 to 0 score. The team's sole loss was by a 10–0 score in the final game of the season against an undefeated Yale team that has been recognized as the 1888 national champion.

The practice of selecting All-American football teams began the following year with the 1890 College Football All-America Team. However, Princeton's roster in 1888 included a number of star players, including fullback Knowlton "Snake" Ames, end Jesse Riggs, right tackle Hector Cowan.
Akoris, Egypt
Akoris (Ancient Greek: Ἄκωρις or Ἀκορίς); Egyptian: Mer-nefer(et) (Old and Middle Kingdoms), Per-Imen-mat-khent(j) (New Kingdom), or Dehenet (since 26th Dynasty) is the Greek name for the modern Egyptian village of Ṭihnā al-Ǧabal (Arabic: طهنا الجبل, from Coptic: ⲧⲉϩⲛⲉ, lit. 'peak'), located about 12 km north of Al Minya. The ancient site is situated in the southeast of the modern village.

Karl Richard Lepsius
Karl Richard Lepsius (Latin: Carolus Richardius Lepsius; 23 December 1810 – 10 July 1884) was a German Egyptologist, linguist and modern archaeologist.

He is widely known for his opus magnum Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien (Monuments from Egypt and Ethiopia), one of the first scientific studies of the pyramids in Giza, Abusir, Saqqara, and Dahshur. His contributions to Egyptology as director of the German Archaeological Instititute and editor of the Zeitschrift für ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde have had a lasting impact on the field.
Dimitrije Dimitrijević (footballer)
Dimitrije Dimitrijević (1903–1984) was a Yugoslav footballer who played between two world wars. He was one of the founders of prominent Bosnian club FK Željezničar and scorer of the club's first ever goal.

Like all the other founders of FK Željezničar, Dimitrijević worked as a railway worker in his hometown Sarajevo. It was his idea to form a football club as a way of recreation in 1921. Željezničar played its first game on 17 September 1921 against SAŠK Sarajevo, losing 5–1. Dimitrijević scored the only Željezničar goal of the game.

World war
A world war is an international conflict that involves most or all of the world's major powers. Conventionally, the term is reserved for the two major international conflicts that occurred during the first half of the 20th century: World War I (1914–1918) and World War II (1939–1945). Some historians have also characterized other global conflicts as world wars, such as the Cold War and the War on terror.
Flenniken
Flenniken is a surname. Notable people with this surname include:

Kathleen Flenniken (born 1960), American writer, poet, editor, and educator

Mack Flenniken (1905–1956), American American football player and coach

Brian Flenniken, member of Mad Caddies

Shary Flenniken (born 1950), American illustrator

Mad Caddies
The Mad Caddies (or the Caddies) is an American ska punk band from Solvang, California. The band formed in 1995 and has released seven full-length albums, one live album, and two EPs.

The Mad Caddies sound has influences from broad ranging genres including ska (especially ska 3rd wave), punk rock, hardcore punk, reggae, dixieland jazz, Latin music, polka, cowpunk ("Crew Cut Chuck"), and sea shanties ("Weird Beard").
The Complete Cellout
The Complete Cellout Vol. 1  is a remix album by the American electronic rock project Celldweller, which is essentially a compilation of old and new remixes by Klayton himself, Blue Stahli, Drivepilot, Josh Money and many others. It was released alongside Blue Stahli's Antisleep Vol. 02 on December 16, 2011. The instrumental version of the album, titled The Complete Cellout Vol. 01 Instrumentals was released on June 25, 2013.

Electronic rock
Electronic rock (also known as synth rock and electro rock) is a music genre that involves a combination of rock music and electronic music, featuring instruments typically found within both genres. It originates from the late 1960s when rock bands began incorporating electronic instrumentation into their music. Electronic rock acts usually fuse elements from other music styles, including punk rock, industrial rock, hip hop, techno and synth-pop, which has helped spur subgenres such as indietronica, dance-punk and electroclash.
Leo Hope-Ede
Leo Hope-Ede is a former association football player who represented New Zealand at international level.

Hope-Ede made his full All Whites debut in a 0–2 loss to New Caledonia on 19 September 1952 and ended his international playing career with eight A-international caps to his credit, scoring one goal. His final cap was an appearance in a 5–3 win over Tahiti on 28 September 1952.

Tahiti national football team
The Tahiti national football team (French: Équipe de football de Tahiti; Tahitian: Te pŭpŭ tu'e popo a te fenua Tahiti) represents French Polynesia in men's international football, and is controlled by the Tahitian Football Federation. The team consists of a selection of players from French Polynesia, including Tahiti; they have competed in the Oceania Football Confederation (OFC) since 1990.

Tahiti is traditionally one of the stronger footballing nations of the Pacific Islands, with the second-best record at the Pacific Games, winning five gold medals. They were runners-up in the first three editions of the OFC Nations Cup (1973, 1980, 1996). Tahiti eventually won the competition in 2012, becoming the first team other than Australia and New Zealand to win the title. The feat qualified Tahiti to the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup held in Brazil.
Salinas de Hidalgo
Salinas de Hidalgo, also known as Salinas del Peñón Blanco, is a small town located in the northwestern part of the Mexican state of San Luis Potosí. It is the seat of the municipality of Salinas.

It attracts a variety of tourists because of its historical contents, and quality of being. It is believed that at one time it used to belong to the colonial state Zacatecas, but even today, people still argue whether it was.  It is a municipal seat surrounded by ranches and places that seem of interest because of its mass in culture, and religious values. Salinas is also known for its beautiful mountain range outside on the eastern part of the town.

San Luis Potosí
San Luis Potosí, officially the Free and Sovereign State of San Luis Potosí, is one of the 32 states which compose the Federal Entities of Mexico. It is divided in 59 municipalities and is named after its capital city, San Luis Potosí.

It is located in eastern and central Mexico and is bordered by seven other Mexican states: Nuevo León to the north; Tamaulipas to the north-east; Veracruz to the east; Hidalgo, Querétaro and Guanajuato to the south; and Zacatecas to the north-west. In addition to the capital city, other major cities in the state include Ciudad Valles, Matehuala, Rioverde, and Tamazunchale.
This Extraordinary Being
"This Extraordinary Being" is the sixth episode of the HBO superhero drama miniseries Watchmen, based on the 1986 DC Comics series of the same name by Alan Moore and Dave Gibbons. The episode was written by Damon Lindelof and Cord Jefferson and directed by Stephen Williams, and aired on November 24, 2019. It is principally the origin story of Hooded Justice, a minor character from the original comic.

Samuel J. Battle
Samuel Jesse Battle (January 16, 1883 – August 7, 1966) was an American police officer and one of the first African-American New York City Police Department officers, sworn in on March 6, 1911.
Wellington Schuyler, a native of Flushing, NY and a Civil War veteran of the Eleventh US (Colored) Heavy Artillery, won unanimous support from the police commissioners to serve as a police officer in 1896. (The National Tribune Thu, Nov 19, 1896 ·Page 4)
Cryptogenic species
A cryptogenic species is a biological species whose origins are unknown.  It can be an animal or plant, including other kingdoms or domains, such as fungi, algae, bacteria, or even viruses. The word cryptogenic is derived from Greek κρυπτός, kryptos 'hidden' and γένεσις, genesis 'origin')

In ecology, a cryptogenic species is one which may be either a native species or an introduced species, clear evidence for either origin being absent. An example is the Northern Pacific seastar (Asterias amurensis) in Alaska and Canada.

In palaeontology, a cryptogenic species is one which appears in the fossil record without clear affinities to an earlier species.

Asterias amurensis
Asterias amurensis, also known as the Northern Pacific seastar and Japanese common starfish, is a seastar found in shallow seas and estuaries, native to the coasts of northern China, Korea, far eastern Russia, Japan, Alaska, the Aleutian Islands and British Columbia in Canada. Two forms are recognised: the nominate and forma robusta from the Strait of Tartary. It mostly preys on large bivalve molluscs, and it is mostly preyed on by other species of starfish. Population booms in Japan can affect the harvest of mariculture operations and are costly to combat.

This species has been introduced to oceanic areas of southern Australia, and is an invasive species there causing damage to native species, especially in Tasmania.
Save Me (British TV series)
Save Me is a British drama television series, created by, written, and starring Lennie James. The first series premiered on 28 February 2018 on Sky Atlantic. In March 2018, it was renewed for a second series, titled Save Me Too, which premiered on 1 April 2020.

Now (streaming service)
Now (formerly Now TV and often stylised as NOW) is a subscription over-the-top streaming television service launched in the United Kingdom in 2012. It is operated by Sky Group in Europe, and Xfinity in the US; both owned by the American media conglomerate Comcast.

Now offers both live streaming and video-on-demand without a contract. The service offers "passes" for various types of content, for a monthly fee on a pay-as-you-go basis. Differing passes offer films, sports and entertainment from Sky such as material from Sky Atlantic and Sky Cinema, and from British and American licensed third-parties such as Fox. The service is available to consumers through retail Roku-based Now TV digital media players (in both set-top box and HDMI dongle form factors) as well as via an app on computers, various mobile devices, some game consoles and set-top boxes. It is separate from and not viewable through the Sky Go Internet service, or via Sky's digital satellite television service Sky Q.
Michael Hawkins (British actor)
Stanley Michael Hawkins (26 November 1928 – 26 October 2014) was a British actor. Though rarely the star in any series or film in which he appeared, Hawkins appeared in supporting roles in dozens of productions over three decades.

Starting on the theatrical ladder with a weekly repertory job painting scenery, he was given the odd walk-on role. Within a year, he was playing secondary leads.damages.

His credits included parts in The Avengers, I, Claudius, George and Mildred, Doomwatch, The Brothers and the Doctor Who story Frontier in Space.

Hawkins retired in 1980, and died on 26 October 2014, at the age of 85.

Doomwatch
Doomwatch is a British science fiction television programme produced by the BBC, which ran on BBC1 between 1970 and 1972. The series was set in the then present day, and dealt with a scientific government agency led by Doctor Spencer Quist (played by John Paul), responsible for investigating and combating various environmental and technological dangers. The series was followed by a film adaptation produced by Tigon British Film Productions and released in 1972 and a revival TV film was broadcast on Channel 5 in 1999.
EBS Hello Rookie Contest
EBS Hello Rookie Contest (Korean: EBS 헬로 루키 콘테스트) is a South Korean music competition aimed at discovering rookies, which began in 2007. The competition began as a project for rookies at The EBS space in 2007, and has been hosted by the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism and co-hosted by the Korea Creative Content Agency and The EBS space since 2008. The two teams selected through video screening and public auditions every month have been introduced as "Hello Rookie of the Month" (이 달의 헬로 루키) on the stage of The EBS space, and application qualifications will be given to rookie musicians whose first album has been released for less than 2 years, or who have never released an album. EBS Hello Rookie Contest is considered an influential competition in the Korean independent music industry, the competition that sets the stage for rookie musicians to become famous.

Lee Seung-hwan
Lee Seung-hwan (Korean: 이승환; born December 13, 1965) is a South Korean singer and record producer known as the country's "King of Live Performances" for his frequent solo concerts. Lee debuted in 1989 as a pop ballad singer and later incorporated rock elements into his music. He has released numerous hit songs and is the president and founder of South Korean entertainment agency Dream Factory.
International Congress of Oral Implantologists
The International Congress of Oral Implantologists (abbreviated as ICOI) is a tax-exempt, non-profit professional association that renders education, holds seminars and meetings, and encourages research work regarding implantology. Founded in 1972, the association aims at advancing and improving the quality of the practice of dental implant.

Membership of the ICOI is open to dental surgeons, laboratory technicians, manufacturers, industrial representatives and researchers. There are more than 25,000 active members of the association across 65 affiliate societies worldwide. It provides recognition to dentists in the following categories: fellowship, mastership and diplomate. The association publishes a journal twice and a newsletter four times a month. Various scientific symposia are conducted every year by the association with the support of its daughter project Implant Dentistry Research and Education Foundation (IDREF) for fund raising to achieve goals of the association.

Diploma
A diploma is a document awarded by an educational institution (such as a college or university) testifying the recipient has graduated by successfully completing their courses of studies. Historically, it has also referred to a charter or official document of diplomacy.

The diploma (as a document certifying a qualification) may also be called a testamur, Latin for "we testify" or "certify" (testari), so called from the word with which the certificate begins; this is commonly used in Australia to refer to the document certifying the award of a degree. Alternatively, this document can simply be referred to as a degree certificate or graduation certificate, or as a parchment. The certificate that a Nobel laureate receives is also called a diploma.

The term diploma is also used in some historical contexts, to refer to documents signed by a monarch affirming a grant or tenure of specified land and its conditions (see Anglo-Saxon charters and diplomatics).
Nagpur Graduates constituency
Nagpur Graduates constituency is one of 78 Legislative Council seats in Maharashtra. This constituency encompasses the entire Nagpur division, which includes the districts of Nagpur, Wardha, Bhandara, Gondia, Chandrapur and Gadchiroli.

Nagpur division
The Nagpur Division also known as Vidharbha Division is one of six administrative divisions of the state of Maharashtra in India. Nagpur is the easternmost division in the state, with an administrative headquarters in the city of Nagpur. It covers 51,336 km² (19,821 mi²). The Amravati and Nagpur divisions make up the Vidarbha region.

Two airports, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar International Airport and Gondia Airport, are located here.
Lake Angelus (Michigan)
Lake Angelus is a private, all-sports, 477 acres (193 ha) lake in Oakland County, in the U.S. state of Michigan.  The community of Lake Angelus is at the lake.

Lake Angelus is primarily located in Auburn Hills, except for a portion of the western portion of the lake which lies in Waterford Township.

Lake Angelus is the ninth-largest lake in Oakland County and the eighth-deepest lake in Oakland County.

Waterford Township, Michigan
Waterford Township (commonly known simply as Waterford) is a charter township in Oakland County in the U.S. state of Michigan. A northern suburb of Detroit, Waterford is located roughly 30 miles (48.3 km) northwest of downtown Detroit. As of the 2024 census, the township had a population of 70,538.
Mitsubishi 3A9 engine
The Mitsubishi 3A9 engine is a range of all-alloy three cylinder engines from Mitsubishi Motors that were jointly developed with 4A9 engine family. They were introduced in the 2003 version of their Mitsubishi Colt supermini, and built by DaimlerChrysler-owned MDC Power in Germany (previously a joint venture).

For engine family characteristics see 4A9 engine family.

Reciprocating engine
C. Crankshaft

E. Exhaust camshaft

I. Intake camshaft

P. Piston

R. Connecting rod

S. Spark plug

W. Water jacket for coolant flow

V. Valves

A reciprocating engine, more often known as a piston engine, is a heat engine that uses one or more reciprocating pistons to convert high temperature and high pressure into a rotating motion. This article describes the common features of all types. The main types are: the internal combustion engine, used extensively in motor vehicles; the steam engine, the mainstay of the Industrial Revolution; and the Stirling engine for niche applications. Internal combustion engines are further classified in two ways: either a spark-ignition (SI) engine, where the spark plug initiates the combustion; or a compression-ignition (CI) engine, where the air within the cylinder is compressed, thus heating it, so that the heated air ignites fuel that is injected then, in a diesel engine, or earlier, in a hot bulb engine.