hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alvo (river)
The Alvo is a river in the Basilicata region of southern Italy. The source of the river is located in the province of Potenza between Pietragalla and Vaglio Basilicata. It flows north near Pietragalla and curves eastward north of Cancellara and south of the Bradano. The river then flows southeast near Oppido Lucano, Tolve, and San Chirico Nuovo before curving northeast. It then crosses the border into the province of Matera and joins the Bradano west of Irsina.

Irsina
Irsina, until 1895 called Montepeloso (in local dialect: Montepelòse or Mondepelòse), is a town, comune (municipality) and former Latin bishopric in the province of Matera, in the Southern Italian region of Basilicata. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").
Princess of Mars
Princess of Mars (also released on DVD as John Carter of Mars) is a 2009 direct-to-DVD science fiction film made by American independent studio The Asylum, loosely based on the Edgar Rice Burroughs novel A Princess of Mars (1917). The film's promotional art mentions how the original story inspired some elements of the James Cameron film Avatar (2009), but neither the credits nor promotional material mention Edgar Rice Burroughs. It is not to be confused with the higher-budget science fantasy film John Carter (2012), which is a direct adaptation of the novel. In the UK, the film was released with the title The Martian Colony Wars, and in other international markets (such as Japan) with the title Avatar of Mars.

Edgar Rice Burroughs
Edgar Rice Burroughs (September 1, 1875 – March 19, 1950) was an American writer, recognized for his prolific output in the adventure, science fiction, and fantasy genres. Best known for creating the characters Tarzan (who appeared in a series of twenty-four books by him) and John Carter (who was a recurring character in a series of eleven books), he also wrote the Pellucidar series, the Amtor series, and the Caspak trilogy.

Tarzan was immediately popular, and Burroughs capitalized on it in every possible way, including a syndicated Tarzan comic strip, films, and merchandise. Tarzan remains one of the most successful fictional characters to this day and is a cultural icon. Burroughs's California ranch is now the center of the Tarzana neighborhood in Los Angeles, named after the character. Burroughs was an explicit supporter of eugenics and scientific racism in both his fiction and nonfiction; Tarzan was meant to reflect these concepts.
Economy and Society
Economy and Society: An Outline of Interpretive Sociology (1921; German: Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft. Grundriß der verstehenden Soziologie; or simply Economy and Society) is a book by political economist and sociologist Max Weber, published posthumously in Germany by his wife Marianne. Alongside The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (1905), it is considered to be one of Weber's most important works. Extremely broad in scope, the book covers numerous themes including religion, economics, politics, public administration, and sociology. A complete translation of the work was not published in English until 1968.

In 1998, the International Sociological Association listed this work as the most important sociological book of the 20th century.

Social action
In sociology, social action, also known as Weberian social action, is an act which takes into account the actions and reactions of individuals (or 'agents'). According to Max Weber, "Action is 'social' insofar as its subjective meaning takes account of the behavior of others and is thereby oriented in its course."
Periodic tense
Periodic tense is a subtype of the grammatical category of tense, which encodes that the event expressed by the verb occurs within a particular period of the day (such as 'at night', 'in the morning' etc.) or of the year ('in winter', 'in summer' etc.). Its does not encode a relation to a particular point of reference, unlike deictic tense, the grammatical expression of time reference (usually past, present or future) relative either to the moment of speaking (absolute tense) or to another point of reference (relative tense).

Periodic tense is geographically restricted to Northern America, the Western Amazon region, the Sepik region, Arnhem land and it is almost entirely absent from languages of Africa and Eurasia, which the exception of Chukotkan languages.: 12–14

Chukotkan languages
Chukotkan (Chukotian, Chukotic) is a dialect cluster that forms one branch of the Chukotko-Kamchatkan language family. It is spoken in two autonomous regions at the extreme northeast of Russia, bounded on the east by the Pacific and on the north by the Arctic.

The term Luorawetlan (Luoravetlan), used for Chukchi in the 1930s, is actually based on the ethnonym of both the Chukchi and Koryak.
TRNA (adenine9-N1)-methyltransferase
TRNA (adenine9-N1)-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.218, Trm10p, tRNA(m1G9/m1A9)-methyltransferase, tRNA(m1G9/m1A9)MTase, TK0422p (gene), tRNA m1A9-methyltransferase, tRNA m1A9 Mtase) is an enzyme with systematic name S-adenosyl-L-methionine:tRNA (adenine9-N1)-methyltransferase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

S-adenosyl-L-methionine + adenine9 in tRNA  S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N1-methyladenine9 in tRNA

The enzyme from Sulfolobus acidocaldarius specifically methylates adenine9 in tRNA.

Adenine
Adenine (symbol A, or Ade) is a  purine nucleotide base that is found in DNA, RNA, and ATP. Usually a white crystalline subtance. The shape of adenine is complementary and pairs to either thymine in DNA or uracil in RNA. In cells adenine, as an independent molecule, is rare. It is almost always covalently bound to become a part of a larger biomolecule.

Adenine has a central role in cellular respiration. It is part of adenosine triphosphate which provides the energy that drives and supports most activities in living cells, such as protein synthesis, chemical synthesis, muscle contraction, and nerve impulse propagation. In respiration it also participates as part of the cofactors nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, flavin adenine dinucleotide, and Coenzyme A.

It is also part of adenosine, adenosine monophosphate, cyclic adenosine monophosphate, adenosine diphosphate, and S-adenosylmethionine.
Macklem
Macklem is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Peter Macklem (1931–2011), Canadian doctor, medical researcher, and hospital administrator

Tiff Macklem (born 1961), Canadian banker and economist

Tiff Macklem
Richard Tiffany "Tiff" Macklem (born June 4, 1961) is a Canadian banker and economist who has served as the tenth governor of the Bank of Canada since 2020. He was also the former dean of the Rotman School of Management and had previously served as the senior deputy governor of the Bank of Canada.
Dihydrouridine
Dihydrouridine (abbreviated as D,: N3.2.1  hU,: N4.1  DHU, or UH2) is a pyrimidine nucleoside which is the result of adding two hydrogen atoms to a uridine, making it a fully saturated pyrimidine ring with no remaining double bonds. D is found in tRNA and rRNA molecules as a nucleoside; the corresponding nucleobase is 5,6-dihydrouracil.

Because it is non-planar, D disturbs the stacking interactions in helices and destabilizes the RNA structure. D also stabilizes the C2′-endo sugar conformation, which is more flexible than the C3′-endo conformation; this effect is propagated to the 5′-neighboring residue. Thus, while pseudouridine and 2′-O-methylations stabilize the local RNA structure, D does the opposite.

The tRNAs of organisms that grow at low temperatures (psychrophiles) have high 5,6-dihydrouridine levels  (40-70% more on average) which provides the necessary local flexibility of the tRNA at or below the freezing point.

Nucleic acid structure
Nucleic acid structure refers to the structure of nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA. Chemically speaking, DNA and RNA are very similar. Nucleic acid structure is often divided into four different levels: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary.
Ethylpropyllysergamide
N-Ethyl-N-propyllysergamide (EPLA), also known as lysergic acid ethylpropylamide (LEP or LEP-57), is a psychedelic drug of the lysergamide family related to lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). It is the analogue of LSD in which the amide group has one ethyl group and one propyl group instead of two ethyl groups.

The drug shows affinity for serotonin receptors and acts as a serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonist similarly to LSD. EPLA has about one-third of the potency of LSD in producing psychedelic effects in humans. Its exact dose has not been reported.

EPLA was first described in the scientific literature by at least 1959. It was reportedly encountered as a designer drug by the 1990s.

5-HT2A receptor
The 5-HT2A receptor is a subtype of the 5-HT2 receptor that belongs to the serotonin receptor family and functions as a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). It is a cell surface receptor that activates multiple intracellular signalling cascades.
Like all 5-HT2 receptors, the 5-HT2A receptor is coupled to the Gq/G11 signaling pathway. It is the primary excitatory receptor subtype among the serotonin-responsive GPCRs. The 5-HT2A receptor was initially noted for its central role as the primary target of serotonergic psychedelic drugs such as LSD and psilocybin mushrooms. It later regained research prominence when found to mediate, at least in part, the effects of many antipsychotic drugs, particularly atypical antipsychotics.
Novation DrumStation
The Novation DrumStation is a 1U rackmount "analog modelling" digital drum machine by Novation Digital Music Systems. It emulates the sounds of the Roland TR-808 and Roland TR-909, although it lacks the step sequencers of the originals, instead receiving notes via MIDI.

One of its notable characteristics is its DIN sync connector, allowing synchronisation of older equipment such as the Roland TB-303.

Roland TB-303
The Roland TB-303 Bass Line (also known as the 303) is a bass synthesizer released by Roland Corporation in 1981. Designed to simulate bass guitars, it was a commercial failure and was discontinued in 1984. However, cheap second-hand units were adopted by electronic musicians, and its "squelching" or "chirping" sound became a foundation of electronic dance music genres such as acid house, Chicago house and techno. It has inspired numerous clones.
Laconia Passenger Station
The Laconia Passenger Station is a historic railroad station at 9-23 Veterans Square in downtown Laconia, New Hampshire. It was built in 1892 for the Boston and Maine (B&M) Railroad and is a prominent regional example of Richardsonian Romanesque style architecture. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. The building now houses a variety of commercial businesses.

Richardsonian Romanesque
Richardsonian Romanesque is a style of Romanesque Revival architecture named after the American architect Henry Hobson Richardson (1838–1886). The revival style incorporates 11th- and 12th-century southern French, Spanish, and Italian Romanesque characteristics. Richardson first used elements of the style in his Richardson Olmsted Complex in Buffalo, New York, designed in 1870, and Trinity Church in Boston is his most well-known example of this medieval revival style. Multiple architects followed in this style in the late 19th century; Richardsonian Romanesque later influenced modern styles of architecture as well.
Magic Magic 3D
Magic Magic 3D is a 2003 Indian Tamil-language children's fantasy film directed by Jose Punnoose. The film stars Suraj Balajee, S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Tirlok Malik and Pooja Kumar. It was dubbed in Malayalam, Telugu and Hindi, with the Hindi dub being titled as Chota Jadugar (transl. Little Magician). It won the National Film Award for Best Special Effects.

Pooja Kumar
Pooja Kumar is an American actress of Indian descent who works in Tamil, Hindi, and English-language Indian films. After winning Miss India USA in 1995, she pursued a career as an actress and producer. She has appeared in a number of American films and shows, including Man on a Ledge, Brawl in Cell Block 99, Bollywood Hero, Flavors, Hiding Divya, Park Sharks, Bollywood Beats, Night of Henna, Anything for You, Drawing with Chalk, and Knots Urbane. Her Indian films include Vishwaroopam and Vishwaroopam 2, and she made her Telugu-language debut with PSV Garuda Vega.
Arthur Hübner
Arthur Hübner (17 September 1885, Neudamm – 9 March 1937, Berlin) was a German philologist. He specialized in research of German literature from the Middle Ages (folk songs and folk tales, study of dialects, etc.).

From 1904 to 1909, he studied classical and German philology at the Universities of Graz and Berlin, where he was influenced by the work of Germanist Gustav Roethe. In 1918 he became an associate professor in Berlin, later relocating to Münster as a full professor of  medieval Germanic studies (1924). In 1927 he succeeded Roethe as professor at the University of Berlin.

In 1932 he became a member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences. In 1932–1937, along with Edward Schröder, he was editor of the "Zeitschrift für deutsches Altertum und deutsche Literatur".

Prussian Academy of Sciences
The Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences  (German: Königlich-Preußische Akademie der Wissenschaften) was an academy established in Berlin, Germany on 11 July 1700, four years after the Prussian Academy of Arts, or "Arts Academy," to which "Berlin Academy" may also refer.  In the 18th century, when French was the language of science and culture, it was a French-language institution.
Iván Ochoa (baseball)
Iván G. Ochoa (born December 16, 1982) is a Venezuelan former professional baseball shortstop. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the San Francisco Giants in 2008. Ochoa is from Guacara, Venezuela.

Guacara
Guacara is a city in Carabobo State, Venezuela, seat of Guacara Municipality.

It was officially founded 1624, although it was already a settlement of indigenous people. It has an estimated population for July 2009 of 178,000 inhabitants. It is located northeast of Lake Valencia and has a river, the Vigirima River, which empties into the lake. It is connected to the Caracas-Valencia motorway and is 12 km from the city of Valencia.
The Kresge Foundation
The Kresge Foundation is a philanthropic private foundation headquartered in Troy, Michigan, United States. The foundation works to expand opportunities in America's cities through grantmaking and investing in arts and culture, education, environment, health, human services and community development efforts. The Kresge Foundation is one of wealthiest charitable organizations in the world, with an endowment of $4.3 billion as of June 2021.

Private foundation
A private foundation is a tax-exempt organization that does not rely on broad public support and generally claims to serve humanitarian purposes.

Unlike a charitable foundation, a private foundation does not generally solicit funds from the public or have the legal requirements and reporting responsibilities of a registered non-profit or charitable foundation. Not all foundations engage in philanthropy; some private foundations are used for estate planning purposes.
Pom Pom Squad
Pom Pom Squad is an American indie rock/grunge band from Brooklyn, New York. It is the solo project of frontwoman Mia Berrin, and features permanent members Shelby Keller (drums), Alex Mercuri (guitar) and Lauren Marquez (bass and keys). They released the extended plays Hate It Here in 2018 and Ow in 2019 before releasing their debut studio album Death of a Cheerleader in 2021. They toured extensively in the years following, opening for musicians Pvris and Bartees Strange before releasing their second album Mirror Starts Moving Without Me in 2024 to positive reviews.
On August 6 in 2025, Mia announced on Facebook that they were an independent indie band again without any label.

Cellophane (FKA Twigs song)
"Cellophane" is a song by English singer FKA Twigs and the lead single from her second studio album, Magdalene (2019). It was released on 24 April 2019 through the record label Young. Its music video was also released on 24 April. "Cellophane" was met with widespread critical acclaim, with Twigs' vocal performance drawing significant praise.
Andrey Lugovoy
Andrey Konstantinovich Lugovoy (Russian: Андре́й Константи́нович Лугово́й; born 19 September 1966), also spelled Lugovoi, is a Russian  politician and businessman and deputy of the State Duma, the lower house of the Russian parliament, for the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia. He worked as a KGB bodyguard and as head of "Ninth Wave", a security firm.

He is wanted by British police on suspicion of the murder of Alexander Litvinenko, a former KGB and later FSB officer. Russia has rejected the request for his extradition, as the country's constitution forbids the extradition of its own citizens.

Lower house
A lower house is the lower chamber of a bicameral legislature, where the other chamber is the upper house. Although styled as "below" the upper house, in many legislatures worldwide, the lower house has come to wield more power or otherwise exert significant political influence.
IICD
The acronym IICD is used by at least four organisations:

The Indian Institute of Crafts and Design, an arts academy located in Jaipur, India

The Independent International Commission on Decommissioning, a group set up to oversee the decommission of weapons from conflict in Northern Ireland

The International Institute for Communication and Development, a development aid agency established by the government of The Netherlands

The Institute for International Cooperation and Development, a private nonprofit organization based in Massachusetts and Michigan, USA

Indian Institute of Crafts and Design
Indian Institute of Crafts & Design (IICD Jaipur) is an academic institution in Jaipur, India, offering undergraduate and postgraduate programs in craft design. The Indian Institute of Crafts and Design is an autonomous institute set up by the Government of Rajasthan and managed by the Ambuja Educational Institute (AEI) under the public-private partnership model.
Aniket Choudhary
Aniket Vinod Choudhary (born 28 January 1990) is an Indian professional cricketer who plays for Rajasthan in domestic cricket. He is a left-arm medium-fast bowler. He was a member of the Kings XI Punjab squad in 2013. In 2013, he played for India A. He made his List A debut on 27 February 2014, for Rajasthan in the 2013–14 Vijay Hazare Trophy.

In February 2017, he was bought by the Royal Challengers Bangalore for the 2017 Indian Premier League for 2 crores. In January 2018, he was bought by the Royal Challengers Bangalore in the 2018 IPL auction. He was the leading wicket-taker for Rajasthan in the group stage of the 2018–19 Ranji Trophy, with 47 dismissals in eight matches.

In August 2019, he was named in the India Blue team's squad for the 2019–20 Duleep Trophy.

India A cricket team
The India A cricket team is a national cricket team representing second-tier cricket of India national cricket team. The matches played by India A receive first-class and List A classification. It is a developmental team, domestic players who are about to get picked and are in contention for national team get selected in this team or some international players who are not in national team contention also sometimes play.

The team had played in NKP Salve Challenger Trophy as India Red, Its names were changed for the 2006 version of this tournament. India A became India Red. The team has won the NKP Salve Challenger Trophy four times (2001/02, 2003/04, 2004,05, 2009/10) and shared the trophy thrice (1998/99, 2006/07, 2011/12). They won the Duleep Trophy in 2024.
Hydrocarbon poisoning
Hydrocarbon poisoning is either the swallowing or breathing in of hydrocarbons. Swallowing hydrocarbons may result in symptoms include coughing or vomiting. Breathing in hydrocarbons may result in low blood oxygen and shortness of breath. Complications may include confusion or seizures.

Hydrocarbons may include gasoline, mineral oil, or paint thinner. Treatment is supportive care. Efforts to empty the stomach are not recommended.

Paint thinner
A paint thinner is a solvent used to dilute oil-based paints or varnish. In this context, to dilute is also known as to 'thin'. Paint thinners are diluents. Solvents labeled "paint thinner" are usually white or mineral spirits.
Democracy in Asia
Democracy in Asia can be comparatively assessed according to various definitions of democracy. According to the V-Dem Democracy indices, the Asian countries with the highest democracy scores in year 2023 were Taiwan, Japan,  Cyprus, Israel, and South Korea, meanwhile the Asian countries with lowest democracy scores in 2023 are Saudi Arabia, China and Afghanistan. Democratic backsliding can be observed in parts of Asia. The V-Dem Democracy Report identified for the year 2023 East Timor as a case of stand-alone democratization and Thailand and Maldives as cases of U-Turn democratization.

Comparative politics
Comparative politics is a field in political science characterized either by the use of the comparative method or other empirical methods to explore politics both within and between countries. Substantively, this can include questions relating to political institutions, political behavior, conflict, and the causes and consequences of economic development. When applied to specific fields of study, comparative politics may be referred to by other names, such as comparative government (the comparative study of forms of government).
Karima Abd-Daif
Karima Abd-Daif (born 23 June 1965) is a Moroccan Norwegian politician for the Labour Party.

Born in Meknès, Morocco, she migrated to Norway and studied economics and French at the Oslo University College and Bergen University College. She has been elected to the Oslo city council several times.

She also served as a deputy representative to the Norwegian Parliament from Oslo during the term 2005–2009.

Norwegians with Pakistani background
Pakistani Norwegians are Norwegians of Pakistani descent, 65.23% of Pakistanis in Norway live in the capital Oslo. First-generation Pakistani Norwegians, who migrate from Pakistan, are distinguished from the mainstream in several demographic aspects, while second-generation Pakistani Norwegians, who are born in Norway, are well established in Norway and have gone on to become professionals and politicians.

Almost 70% of the Pakistanis in Norway are originally from Kharian, Punjab. The city is often nicknamed as Little Norway.
The Wayward Wife
The Wayward Wife (Italian: La provinciale) is a 1953 Italian melodrama film directed by Mario Soldati. It was entered into the 1953 Cannes Film Festival. In 2008, the film was included on the Italian Ministry of Cultural Heritage’s 100 Italian films to be saved, a list of 100 films that "have changed the collective memory of the country between 1942 and 1978."

Mario Soldati
Mario Soldati (17 November 1906 – 19 June 1999) was an Italian writer and film director. In 1954, he won the Strega Prize for Lettere da Capri. He directed several works adapted from novels, and worked with leading Italian actresses, such as Alida Valli, Sophia Loren and Gina Lollobrigida.
Gabrielino High School
Gabrielino High School (abbreviated GHS and often referred to as Gab) is a public high school located on San Gabriel Boulevard in San Gabriel, California, 10 miles (16 km) east of Downtown Los Angeles, serving the 9th to 12th grades. It was established in 1994. Gabrielino High School is accredited by Western Association of Schools and Colleges (WASC). It is a part of the San Gabriel Unified School District.

The district, and therefore the high school's attendance boundary, includes most of San Gabriel as well as sections of Rosemead, East San Gabriel, and Temple City.

Temple City, California
Temple City is a city in Los Angeles County, California located northeast of downtown Los Angeles and at the base of the San Gabriel Mountains. Temple City is part of a cluster of cities, along with Pasadena, Arcadia, Alhambra, San Marino, and San Gabriel, in the west San Gabriel Valley.

As of the 2020 census, Temple City had a population of 36,494.