hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
M50 Ontos
Ontos, officially the Rifle, Multiple 106 mm, Self-propelled, M50, was an American light armored tracked anti-tank vehicle developed in the 1950s.

It mounted six 106 mm manually loaded M40 recoilless rifles as its main armament, which could be fired in rapid succession against single targets to increase the probability of a kill. Although the actual caliber of the main guns was 105 mm, it was designated 106 mm to prevent confusion with the ammunition for the 105 mm M27 recoilless rifle, which the M40 replaced.

It was produced in limited numbers for the United States Marine Corps after the United States Army cancelled the project. The Marines consistently reported excellent results when they used the Ontos for direct fire support against infantry in numerous battles and operations during the Vietnam War. The American stock of Ontos was largely expended towards the end of the conflict and the Ontos was removed from service in 1969.

National Museum of the Marine Corps
The National Museum of the Marine Corps is the historical museum of the United States Marine Corps. Located in Triangle, Virginia near Marine Corps Base Quantico, the museum opened on November 10, 2006, and is now one of the top tourist attractions in the state, drawing over 500,000 people annually.

In July 2013, the museum announced plans for a major expansion, to include sections on more modern Marine Corps history, such as the 1983 Beirut barracks bombing, a combat art gallery, and a Global War on Terrorism gallery.
Pontrhythallt railway station
Pontrhythallt was a railway station in the hamlet of Pont Rhythallt, Gwynedd, Wales. It was ½ mile from the village of Llanrug, to which it was connected by Station Road, and which it mostly served. This station opened in 1869 and closed for regular passenger services in 1930, but trains continued to pass through until the last goods train of all on 3 September 1964, which delivered a panel of lap fencing.

The station was at the end of a nearly five mile climb from crossing the Afon Seiont on the southern edge of Caernarfon. Pontrhythallt's "Home" signal was the first since leaving the town, 5.75 miles (9.25 km) earlier.

The 1939 Working timetable shows that some excursions made unadvertised stops at Pontrhythallt.

The line was lifted in early 1965. The station survives as a private dwelling. The bridge over the Afon Rhythallt immediately next to the station has lost its original railway decking, but has been replaced with a footbridge.

Afon Rhythallt
The River Rhythallt (Welsh: Afon Rhythallt) is a river in Gwynedd, North Wales whose source is Llyn Padarn. It flows in a northwesterly direction past the village of Brynrefail, Gwynedd and changes its name to Afon Seiont downstream of Pont Rhythallt in Llanrug. The Afon Seiont eventually reaches the sea at Caernarfon. The river has a broad flood plain which occasionally threatens homes in the village of Cwm-y-glo.

53°08′56″N 4°10′13″W﻿ / ﻿53.14883°N 4.17034°W﻿ / 53.14883; -4.17034
Orazio Cambiasi
Orazio Cambiasi, also Orazio Cambiaso, was an Italian Baroque painter of the Genoese school of the late sixteenth and early seventeenth century.

Cambiasi was born to the painter Luca Cambiaso, who trained him. He specialized in frescos decorative painting grotesques. In 1583 he accompanied Lazzaro Tavarone to Spain, where his father was appointed Painter to the King to King Philip II, and commissioned for the frescoes in the choir of the Royal Monastery of San Lorenzo de El Escorial. He joined his father, Fabrizio Castello, Niccolò Granello, and many others to complete the works. He returned to Genoa in 1585 after the death of his father, where he took up teaching, mentoring among others Giovanni Andrea Ansaldo, Simone Barabino, Giulio Benso, and Giovanni Battista Castello.

Simone Barabino
Simone Barabino (c. 1585 – c. 1620 or later) was an Italian painter of the late-Mannerist style. Born in Val de Polcevera, near Genoa, he was mainly active in his native city, where he trained with Bernardo Castello. He later feuded with his master and left for Milan, where after some works, he stopped painting. Notable works include San Diego restoring sight to blind child for the Nunziata del Guastato in Genoa and Dead Christ with the Virgin and Saints Michael and  Andrew for the church of San Girolamo at Milan. He died in penury. Lanzi says he quit his profession and turned to merchandise, in which he did not succeed, and that be died in prison. The exact date of his death is not known, but he may have been quite old when he died.
Thermobia
Thermobia (from Ancient Greek θερμός (thermós), meaning "warmth", and βίος (bíos), meaning "life"] is a genus of silverfishes belonging to the family Lepismatidae. The genus was first erected as Termophila by Giovanni Battista Grassi in 1887, emended to Thermophila two years later, and renamed to Thermobia by Ernst Evald Bergroth in 1890. By far the best known member of the genus is the firebrat (T. domestica), which is often seen in warm places indoors such as bakeries.

Lepismatidae
Lepismatidae is a family of primitive wingless insects with about 340 described species. This family contains the two most familiar members of the order Zygentoma: the silverfish (Lepisma saccharinum) and the firebrat (Thermobia domestica). It is one of five families in the order Zygentoma.

Lepismatids are elongated, flattened insects, the majority of which are scavengers. The abdomen is usually clothed in tiny scales and terminates with three "tails" of roughly equal length. The compound eyes are small and well separated.

They typically live in warm, damp environments, including indoors. They avoid light.
Espenberg, Alaska
Espenberg (Iñupiaq: Iñuiġniq) is a settlement in the U.S. state of Alaska, located 50 mi (80 km) northwest of Deering on the Seward Peninsula at the mouth of the Espenberg River by the Chukchi Sea. It lies within the Northwest Arctic Borough, consisting of a site with five or six buildings. The name is derived from nearby Cape Espenberg.

Chukchi Sea
The Chukchi Sea (Russian: Чуко́тское мо́ре, romanized: Chukótskoye móre, IPA: [tɕʊˈkotskəjə ˈmorʲe]), sometimes referred to as the Chuuk Sea, Chukotsk Sea or the Sea of Chukotsk, is a marginal sea of the Arctic Ocean. It is bounded on the west by the Long Strait, off Wrangel Island, and in the east by Point Barrow, Alaska, beyond which lies the Beaufort Sea. The Bering Strait forms its southernmost limit and connects it to the Bering Sea and the Pacific Ocean. The principal port on the Chukchi Sea is Uelen in Russia. The International Date Line crosses the Chukchi Sea from northwest to southeast. It is displaced eastwards to avoid Wrangel Island as well as the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug on the Russian mainland.
2011 Superstars Series Valencia round
The 2012 Superstars Series Valencia round was the second round of the 2011 Superstars Series season. It took place on 8 May at the Circuit Ricardo Tormo.

Andrea Bertolini won the first race, starting from pole position, driving a Maserati Quattroporte and Luigi Ferrara gained the second one, driving a Mercedes C63 AMG.

2011 Superstars Series
The 2011 Superstars Series season was the eighth year of the Superstars Series, an Italian-based touring car racing series, featuring the eighth edition of the Campionato Italiano Superstars (Italian Superstars Championship) and the fifth year of the International Superstars Series. The season began at Monza on April 10, and finished at Vallelunga on October 10, after nine rounds. Eight of the nine rounds counted towards the International title, won by Andrea Bertolini driving for Maserati, with six rounds counting towards the Italian title, won by Alberto Cerqui driving for BMW.
Chattanooga Express
Chattanooga Express were a soccer club that competed in the USISL
from 1992 to 1997. The club originally started in 1992 as the Chattanooga Railroaders in the USISL. They became the Chattanooga Express in 1993. The club played in both the indoor and outdoor USISL leagues through 1996. They moved to the USISL Pro League in 1995 and were later relegated to the USISL PDSL in 1997.

United States Interregional Soccer League
The United States Interregional Soccer League (USISL) was a semi-professional men's outdoor soccer league that played six seasons from 1989 to 1994. It was the first outdoor league to be operated by the organization known today as the United Soccer League. Commencing play in 1989, it received Division 3 status from U.S. Soccer for its final season in 1994. It was split into the USISL Professional League and the amateur USISL Premier League in 1995. The Colorado Comets and Greensboro Dynamo were the most successful clubs in the league, winning two championships each.
Line 5 (Shenzhen Metro)
Line 5 (formerly branded as the Huanzhong line) of the Shenzhen Metro runs West–East from Chiwan to Grand Theater forming an arc around central Shenzhen. It opened on 22 June 2011. Line 5 is an important east west and orbital line that connects various sub-centers of Shenzhen. This led to Line 5 being heavily used. In 2014, average daily ridership exceeded 500,000 people, with over 1 million passengers using the line on 20 July 2018, setting a new record. Since 2019, Line 5 has surpassed Line 1 as the busiest line in the Shenzhen Metro network. By 2021, the line regularly carries well over 1 million passengers every day and reaching the predicted long term daily passenger volume.

Line 2 (Shenzhen Metro)
Line 2 (formerly branded as Shekou line) of the Shenzhen Metro runs West–East from Chiwan to Liantang. It opened on 28 December 2010. Line 2 merges into Line 8 at Liantang station, where trains continue service as Line 8 to Xichong station.
Rendzina
Rendzina (or rendsina) is a soil type recognized in various soil classification systems, including those of Britain and Germany as well as some obsolete systems. They are humus-rich shallow soils that are usually formed from carbonate- or occasionally sulfate-rich parent material. Rendzina soils are often found in karst and mountainous regions.

The term rendzina originated via Russian from the Polish rędzina (the word "rędzina" comes from the old Polish word "rzędzić" (to speak, to drone).

In the World Reference Base for Soil Resources, rendzina soils would be classified as leptosols, chernozems, kastanozems, or phaeozems, depending on their specific characteristics.

Parent material
Parent material is the underlying geological material (generally bedrock or a superficial or drift deposit) in which soil horizons form.  Soils typically inherit a great deal of structure and minerals from their parent material, and, as such, are often classified based upon their contents of consolidated or unconsolidated mineral material that has undergone some degree of physical or chemical weathering and the mode by which the materials were most recently transported.
Interrogations and Confessions
Interrogations and Confessions is the third album from the Chicago-based band Oh My God.  It was released on October 7, 2003, by NoVo Records and then on October 28 of the same year on the Lightyear Entertainment label, with a slightly altered track listing.

The songs on this album can be considered to have been written in a much more conventional and structured style than on their previous album, The Action Album!

Johnny Iguana
Brian Berkowitz, known professionally as Johnny Iguana, is an American Chicago blues pianist, singer and songwriter. He has recorded albums with Junior Wells, Carey Bell, Koko Taylor, Lil' Ed Williams, Eddie Shaw, Matthew Skoller, Lurrie Bell, Carey Bell, Oh My God, and the Claudettes among many others.

His own debut as a blues bandleader, Chicago Spectacular!, was issued in August 2020 on Delmark Records.
2012 AFC Challenge Cup
The 2012 AFC Challenge Cup was the fourth edition of the tournament, an international football competition for Asian Football Confederation (AFC) member nations that are mainly categorized as "emerging countries" in the defunct Vision Asia programme.  It took place in Nepal from 8–19 March 2012.  Unlike in previous editions of the tournament, there were no automatic qualifiers. Therefore, 2010 champions North Korea, runners-up Turkmenistan, and third-placed Tajikistan had to navigate the qualification phase in order to return to the finals.  North Korea successfully defended their title and qualified for the 2015 AFC Asian Cup.

2010 AFC Challenge Cup
The 2010 AFC Challenge Cup was the third edition of the tournament which was held from 16–27 February 2010 in Sri Lanka.  India, the defending champions, fielded their under-23 team for this tournament in preparation for the 2010 Asian Games later that year.  The champions, North Korea, qualified for the 2011 Asian Cup.
Mood Indigo (festival)
Mood Indigo, otherwise known as MoodI or MI, is the cultural and signature festival of the Indian Institute of Technology Bombay. Mood Indigo was held in over 4,000+ colleges and universities before ending in IIT Bombay.

Cultural festival (India)
In India, a cultural festival, cultfest, culfest or college fest is an annual cultural event at a college or university organised by the student community, involving participants from other colleges as well. Professional performing artists are also typically invited, and a number of competitions are held for students. Fests are usually funded through sponsors, although some colleges have begun exploring the idea of crowdfunding.
Brian Campfield
Brian Campfield is a trade unionist from Northern Ireland.

Campfield began working for the Northern Ireland Public Service Alliance (NIPSA) in 1978.  During the 1980s, he was the Communist Party of Ireland's officer with responsibility for Northern Ireland, and in 1989 he and Michael O'Riordan visited East Germany to take part in celebrations of the country's fortieth anniversary, shortly before the fall of the Berlin Wall.  Around that time, he was elected as President of Belfast Trades Union Council, serving until the 2010s.

In the 2000s, Campfield became Deputy General Secretary of NIPSA, and in 2009 he won election to the Irish Congress of Trade Unions'  (ICTU) Executive Council.  He became General Secretary of NIPSA in 2010, defeating Kieran Bannon in the election, remaining in post until his retirement in 2015.  That year, he became President of ICTU for a two-year term.

Michael O'Riordan
Michael O'Riordan (Irish: Mícheál Ó Ríordáin; 12 November 1917 – 18 May 2006) was the founder of the Communist Party of Ireland (3rd) and also fought with the Connolly Column in the International Brigades during the Spanish Civil War.
Fallacinol
Fallacinol (teloschistin) is an organic compound in the structural class of chemicals known as anthraquinones. It is found in some lichens, particularly in the family Teloschistaceae, as well as a couple of plants and non lichen-forming fungi. In 1936, Japanese chemists isolated a pigment they named fallacin from the lichen Oxneria fallax, which was later refined and assigned a tentative structural formula; by 1949, Indian chemists had isolated a substance from Teloschistes flavicans with an identical structural formula to fallacin. Later research further separated fallacin into two distinct pigments, fallacin-A (later called fallacinal) and fallacin-B (fallacinol). The latter compound is also known as teloschistin due to its structural match with the substance isolated earlier.

Methylation
Methylation, in the chemical sciences, is the addition of a methyl group on a substrate, or the substitution of an atom (or group) by a methyl group. Methylation is a form of alkylation, with a methyl group replacing a hydrogen atom.  These terms are commonly used in chemistry, biochemistry, soil science, and biology.

In biological systems, methylation is catalyzed by enzymes; such methylation can be involved in modification of heavy metals, regulation of gene expression, regulation of protein function, and RNA processing. In vitro methylation of tissue samples is also a way to reduce some histological staining artifacts. The reverse of methylation is demethylation.
Vaksdal Church
Vaksdal Church (Norwegian: Vaksdal kyrkje) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Vaksdal Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located in the village of Vaksdal. It is the church for the Vaksdal parish which is part of the Hardanger og Voss prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Bjørgvin. The gray, stone church was built in a long church design in 1933 using plans drawn up by the architect Ole Landmark. The church seats about 300 people.

Vaksdal Municipality
Vaksdalⓘ is a municipality in the county of Vestland, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Nordhordland. The administrative centre is the village of Dalekvam. Other villages in the municipality include Dalegarden, Flatkvål, Helle, Nesheim, Stamneshella, Stanghelle, and Vaksdal.

The 715.37-square-kilometre (276.21 sq mi) municipality is the 160th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Vaksdal Municipality is the 209th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 3,875. The municipality's population density is 5.4 inhabitants per square kilometre (14/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 7% over the previous 10-year period.
Joaquín Bernadó
Joaquín Bernadó y Bartoméu (16 August 1935 – 21 February 2022) was a Spanish matador.

At the age of 15, Bernadó abandoned his business studies and began bullfighting. He participated in his first novillada on 28 May 1950 in Manresa. He began his first season in Vista Alegre on 25 April 1954, in which he took part in 41 novilladas with limited success. His first alternativa took place on 4 March 1956 in Castellón de la Plana with his godfather Antonio Bienvenida and witness Julio Aparicio Martínez. He took part in 32 bullfights in his first year as an alternativa.

Bernadó died in Madrid on 21 February 2022, at the age of 86.

Antonio Bienvenida
Antonio Mejías Jiménez (Spanish: [anˈtonjo meˈxias xiˈmeneθ]; 25 June 1922 – 7 October 1975), better known as Antonio Bienvenida (Spanish: [bjembeˈniða]), was a Venezuelan-born Spanish bullfighter who belonged to the Bienvenida bullfighting dynasty. Eleven times he came out, borne on his fellow bullfighters' shoulders, through the Great Gate at Las Ventas (a great honour in the bullfighting world) as one of the most important bullfighting figures of the 1950s. Among bullfighting aficionados, the Bienvenida dynasty has been one of the most glorious in tauromachy's history. It was founded by Manuel Mejías Rapela Bienvenida, nicknamed "El Papa Negro" ("The Black Pope"), itself a nickname for the superior general of the Society of Jesus, and in this case, it was meant to distinguish him from the head of the bullfighting "church", Ricardo Torres Reina "Bombita".
John S. Kloppenborg
John S. Kloppenborg (born 1951) is a Canadian professor of religious studies with expertise in Greco-Roman culture, Judean culture and Christian origins, particularly the synoptic gospels and Q-source.  Kloppenborg is at the University of Toronto since 2007, where he holds the title of university professor. He was elected a member of the Studiorum Novi Testamenti Societas in 1990, and was elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada in 2014. In 2019-2020 he served as the president of the Studiorum Novi Testamenti Societas. He is also a member of the Context Group, the Society of Biblical Literature, and the Canadian Society of Biblical Studies. He was awarded honorary doctorates from the University of Lethbridge (2011) and the University of Pretoria (2018)

Studiorum Novi Testamenti Societas
The Studiorum Novi Testamenti Societas (SNTS, Latin for Society for New Testament Studies) is an international learned society of New Testament scholars. It was founded in 1938 to further New Testament studies internationally. Membership is by nomination and election, with associate and full categories for qualified scholars.

The society convenes an annual General Meeting and oversees the peer reviewed journal New Testament Studies and the Society for New Testament Studies Monograph Series, both published by Cambridge University Press. For 2024–25 the president is Angela Standhartinger.
Çandarlızade Ali Pasha
Çandarlızade Ali Pasha (died 18 December  1406) was the grand vizier of the Ottoman Empire from 1387 until 1406, first under sultan Murad I, then sultan Bayezid I and, during the Ottoman Interregnum, Süleyman Çelebi.

Mehmed I
Mehmed I (Turkish: I. Mehmed; c. 1386/87 – 26 May 1421), also known as Mehmed Çelebi (Ottoman Turkish: چلبی محمد, "the noble-born") or Kirişçi (Greek: Κυριτζής, romanized: Kyritzis, "lord's son"), was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1413 to 1421. Son of Sultan Bayezid I and his concubine Devlet Hatun, he fought with his brothers over control of the Ottoman realm in the Ottoman Interregnum (1402–1413). Starting from the province of Rûm he managed to bring first Anatolia and then the European territories (Rumelia) under his control, reuniting the Ottoman state by 1413, and ruling it until his death in 1421. Called "The Restorer", he reestablished central authority in Anatolia, and he expanded the Ottoman presence in Europe through the conquest of Wallachia in 1415. Venice destroyed his fleet off Gallipoli in 1416 when the Ottomans lost a naval war.
Absolute monarchy in France
Absolute monarchy in France slowly emerged in the 16th century and became firmly established during the 17th century. Absolute monarchy is a variation of the governmental form of monarchy in which the monarch holds supreme authority and where that authority is not restricted by any written laws, legislature, or customs. In France, Louis XIV was the most famous exemplar of absolute monarchy, with his court central to French political and cultural life during his reign. It ended in May 1789 during the French Revolution, when widespread social distress led to the convocation of the Estates-General, which was converted into a National Assembly in June 1789. The National Assembly passed a series of radical measures, including the abolition of feudalism, state control of the Catholic Church and extending the right to vote.

Right to keep and bear arms
The right to keep and bear arms (often referred to as the right to bear arms) is a legal right for people to possess weapons (arms) for the preservation of life, liberty, and property. The purpose of gun rights is for self-defense, as well as hunting and sporting activities.: 96  Countries that guarantee a right to keep and bear arms include Albania, the Czech Republic, Guatemala, Mexico, Switzerland, the United States, Algeria and Yemen.
Wallend Glacier
Wallend Glacier is a deeply entrenched glacier which drains eastward from Forbidden Plateau to join Green Glacier in northern Graham Land. Surveyed by Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) in 1955. So named by United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) because the glacier is walled in on three sides by the escarpment of Forbidden Plateau.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Wallend Glacier". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

64°58′S 62°13′W﻿ / ﻿64.967°S 62.217°W﻿ / -64.967; -62.217

Green Glacier
Green Glacier (64°58′S 61°52′W﻿ / ﻿64.967°S 61.867°W﻿ / -64.967; -61.867) is a glacier on the east side of Graham Land, Antarctica, 15 nautical miles (28 km) long and 4 nautical miles (7 km) wide, flowing from the plateau northeast between Dugerjav Peak and Rugate Ridge, and then east into Vaughan Inlet next north of Pirne Peak and south of the terminus of Hektoria Glacier.

It was surveyed by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) in 1955, and was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee for John R. Green, FIDS leader at Deception Island in 1950 and at the Argentine Islands in 1951.