hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Five Houses on Avers District
The Five Houses on Avers District is a historic district in Chicago, Illinois, United States.  The district was built between 1892 and 1894 by Frederick B. Townsend. It was designated a Chicago Landmark on March 2, 1994.

Frederick B. Townsend House
The Frederick B. Townsend House is located in the DeKalb County, Illinois county seat of Sycamore. The home is within the boundaries of the Sycamore Historic District. The district was designated and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in May 1978. The Queen Anne style home was designed and constructed in 1890 or 1892 by the same architect and general contractor responsible for Altgeld Hall at Northern Illinois University and the nearby DeKalb County Courthouse, as well as the courthouse in Lee County.
Krasnoborsk
Krasnoborsk (Russian: Краснобо́рск) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Krasnoborsk, Arkhangelsk Oblast, a selo in Krasnoborsky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast

Krasnoborsk, Ulyanovsk Oblast, a selo in Krasnoborsky Rural Okrug of Terengulsky District of Ulyanovsk Oblast

Krasnoborsk, Arkhangelsk Oblast
Krasnoborsk (Russian: Краснобо́рск) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Krasnoborsky District, Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia, located on the left bank of the Northern Dvina. It also serves as the administrative center of Alexeyevsky Selsoviet, one of the ten selsoviets into which the district is administratively divided. Municipally, it is the administrative center of Alexeyevskoye Rural Settlement in Krasnoborsky Municipal District. Population:  4,771 (2010 Census); 5,030 (2002 Census); 5,110 (1989 Soviet census).
Post-election pendulum for the 1990 Australian federal election
The Mackerras pendulum as a way of predicting the outcome of an election contested between two major parties in a Westminster style lower house legislature such as the Australian House of Representatives, which is composed of single-member electorates and which uses a preferential voting system such as a Condorcet method or instant-runoff voting.

The pendulum works by lining up all of the seats held in Parliament for the government, the opposition and the crossbenches according to the percentage point margin they are held by on a two party preferred basis. This is also known as the swing required for the seat to change hands. Given a uniform swing to the opposition or government parties, the number of seats that change hands can be predicted.

Lower house
A lower house is the lower chamber of a bicameral legislature, where the other chamber is the upper house. Although styled as "below" the upper house, in many legislatures worldwide, the lower house has come to wield more power or otherwise exert significant political influence.
Abbey of Saint-Jean-le-Grand
The Abbey of Saint-Jean-le-Grand (French: Abbaye Saint-Jean-le-Grand d'Autun) is a former Benedictine nunnery, in Autun, Saône-et-Loire, France, possibly founded by Queen Brunhilda and Bishop Syagrius of Autun. According to Gregory of Tours, it already existed in 589.

This monastery was plundered and destroyed by the Saracens in 732, and again in 765 by Waiofar, Duke of Aquitaine. Charlemagne had it rebuilt and gave it the name of St. John.

It was suppressed during the French Revolution.

The abbey church was demolished; a parish church was built on the same site in the 1850s. Most of the conventual buildings were also demolished. The few that survive are from no earlier than the late 17th century and early 18th centuries.

Saône-et-Loire
Saône-et-Loire (French pronunciation: [sonelwaʁ]; Arpitan: Sona-et-Lêre) is a department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in France. It is named after the rivers Saône and Loire, between which it lies, in the country's central-eastern part.

Saône-et-Loire is Bourgogne-Franche-Comté's most populous department with a population of 551,493 as of 2019. It is also its southernmost department, as it is situated on the regional border with Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. Saône-et-Loire's prefecture is Mâcon, with subprefectures in Autun, Chalon-sur-Saône, Charolles and Louhans. Its INSEE and postcode number is 71.
Lange Linschoten
Lange Linschoten is a hamlet in the Dutch province of Utrecht. It is a part of the municipality of Oudewater, and lies about 2 km northeast of the city of Oudewater.

The hamlet was first mentioned in 1555 as Lange Lynschoten, and means "the long part of the Linschoten (river)". It is not a statistical entity, and the postal authorities have placed it under Snelrewaard. In 1840, Lange Linschoten was home to 144 people. Nowadays, it consists of about 120 houses.

Utrecht (province)
Utrecht (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈytrɛxt] ⓘ), officially the Province of Utrecht (Dutch: Provincie Utrecht), is a province of the Netherlands. It is located in the centre of the country, bordering the Eemmeer in the north-east, the province of Gelderland in the east and south-east, the province of South Holland in the west and south-west and the province of North Holland in the north-west and north. The province of Utrecht has a population of about 1,388,000 as of January 2023. With a land area of approximately 1,484 square kilometres (573 sq mi), it is the second smallest province in the country. Apart from its eponymous capital, major cities and towns in the province are Amersfoort, Houten, IJsselstein, Nieuwegein, Veenendaal and Zeist. The busiest railway station in the Netherlands, Utrecht Centraal, is located in the province of Utrecht.
Medical optical imaging
Medical optical imaging is the use of light as an investigational imaging technique for medical applications,  pioneered by American Physical Chemist Britton Chance. Examples include optical microscopy, spectroscopy, endoscopy, scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, laser Doppler imaging, optical coherence tomography, and transdermal optical imaging. Because light is an electromagnetic wave, similar phenomena occur in X-rays, microwaves, and radio waves.

Optical imaging systems may be divided into diffusive and ballistic imaging systems. A model for photon migration in turbid biological media has been developed by Bonner et al. Such a model can be applied for interpretation  data obtained from laser Doppler blood-flow monitors and for designing  protocols for therapeutic
excitation of tissue chromophores.

Endoscopy
An endoscopy is a procedure used in medicine to look inside the body. The endoscopy procedure uses an endoscope to examine the interior of a hollow organ or cavity of the body. Unlike many other medical imaging techniques, endoscopes are inserted directly into the organ.

There are many types of endoscopies. Depending on the site in the body and type of procedure, an endoscopy may be performed by a doctor or a surgeon. During the procedure, a patient may be fully conscious or anaesthetised. Most often, the term endoscopy is used to refer to an examination of the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract, known as an esophagogastroduodenoscopy.

Similar instruments are called borescopes for nonmedical use.
Fayid Air Base
Fayid Air Base is an Air base of the Egyptian Air Force located west of Fayed, Ismailia Governorate, Egypt and 23 km (14 mi) south of Ismailia (Al Isma`iliyah) and 116 km (72 mi) northeast of Cairo. It was formerly RAF Fayid, a Royal Air Force station operational from 1942.

The base is home to both 86 and 88 Squadrons of 282 Tactical Fighter Wing of 149 Air Division, both squadrons fly the General Dynamics F-16C/D-40 Fighting Falcon.

Air base
An airbase or air base, sometimes referred to as a military airbase, military airfield, military airport, air station, naval air station, air force station, or air force base, is an aerodrome or airport used as a military base by a military force for operating military aircraft.
Madan Lal Saini
Madan Lal Saini  (13 July 1943 – 24 June 2019) was an Indian politician who was the former Member of Parliament in the Rajya Sabha until his death. He hailed from the state of Rajasthan. He was a former MLA in Udaipurwati constituency from Rajasthan. He was a leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party. He was serving as President of Rajasthan State BJP until his death.

Udaipurwati
Udaipurwati (उदयपुरवाटी)  is a town and a municipality in Jhunjhunu District in the Indian state of Rajasthan.
Sikar is the nearest city near Udaipurwati. Udaipurwati is a tehsil in the Jhunjhunu district in Rajasthan.
It is also Sub Division and Tehsil of Jhunjhunu District. Its ancient name, mentioned in Harsha Inscription 961 AD (L-39), was Udarbhatika (उदर्भटिका).
High Water Recording Company
High Water Recording Company is an American blues record label, founded in 1979 by David Evans and Memphis State University.

The label initially only issued singles. From 1983 onwards, it released LPs of recordings by blues and gospel musicians from the Memphis area produced by Evans. Almost all recordings since 1997 were re-released on Hightone Records. In 2008, HighTone was bought by Shout! Factory,

University of Memphis
The University of Memphis (Memphis) is a public research university in Memphis, Tennessee, United States. Founded in 1912, the university has an enrollment of more than 20,000 students.

The university maintains the Herff College of Engineering, the Center for Earthquake Research and Information (CERI), the Cecil C. Humphreys School of Law, the School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, the former Lambuth University campus in Jackson, Tennessee (now a branch campus of the University of Memphis), the Loewenberg College of Nursing, the School of Public Health, the College of Communication and Fine Arts, the FedEx Institute of Technology, the Advanced Distributed Learning Workforce Co-Lab, and the Institute of Egyptian Art and Archaeology. The University of Memphis is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very High research activity".
Op. 70
In music, Op. 70 stands for Opus number 70. Compositions that are assigned this number include:

Beethoven – Piano Trios, Op. 70

Britten – Nocturnal after John Dowland

Chopin – Waltzes, Op. 70

Dvořák – Symphony No. 7

Godard – Les Guelfes

Mendelssohn – Elijah

Prokofiev – The Queen of Spades

Rubinstein – Piano Concerto No. 4

Schumann – Adagio and Allegro for Horn and Piano

Scriabin – Piano Sonata No. 10

Shostakovich – Symphony No. 9

Sibelius – Luonnotar, tone poem for soprano and orchestra (1913)

Stanford – Violin Sonata No. 2

Strauss – Schlagobers

Tchaikovsky – Souvenir de Florence

Piano Concerto No. 4 (Rubinstein)
The Piano Concerto No. 4 in D minor, Op. 70, by Anton Rubinstein is a  Romantic concerto that was once highly esteemed and was in the repertoire of the Russian and Polish piano virtuosos Sergei Rachmaninoff and Ignacy Jan Paderewski.

Anton Rubinstein, himself a renowned pianist, left five numbered piano concertos. (He wrote three earlier piano concertos; two were lost and the third was transformed into Octet, Op. 9.) Rubinstein composed the Fourth Concerto in 1864. He published two revisions of it and then a final revision in 1872. He dedicated the concerto to the violinist Ferdinand David.
Bromley North Line
The Bromley North line is a less than 2-mile (3.2 km) long branch line in Greater London that connects at Grove Park with the South Eastern Main Line operated by Southeastern. Since the 1990s, the line which has two stations of its own has been served almost exclusively by shuttle services to and from Grove Park railway station in the London Borough of Lewisham, where passengers can change trains for onward journeys towards Central London, as well as towards Kent.  Network Rail records the line as route SO350.

London Borough of Lewisham
Lewisham (/ˈluːɪʃəm/ ⓘ LOO-ish-əm) is a London borough in south-east London, England. It forms part of Inner London. The principal settlement of the borough is Lewisham. The local authority is Lewisham London Borough Council, based in Catford. The Prime Meridian passes through Lewisham. Blackheath, Goldsmiths, University of London and Millwall F.C. are located within the borough.
Cantate!
Cantate! (Sing!) is a German Catholic hymnal first published in 1847, and continued in seven editions until 1879. It was a collection of 444 old and new songs, edited by the educator and hymnwriter Heinrich Bone, and the first Catholic hymnal in German that was used in multiple dioceses. Several of the songs are still part of the common Catholic hymnal in the Germanosphere, Gotteslob.

Hymnal
A hymnal or hymnary is a collection of hymns, usually in the form of a book, called a hymnbook (or hymn book). They are used in congregational singing. A hymnal may contain only hymn texts (normal for most hymnals for most centuries of Christian history); written melodies are extra, and more recently harmony parts have also been provided.

Hymnals are omnipresent in churches but are not often discussed; nevertheless, liturgical scholar Massey H. Shepherd once observed: "In all periods of the Church's history, the theology of the people has been chiefly molded by their hymns."
Opel Twin
The Opel Twin was a prototype vehicle built by Opel in 1991. If was an electric car with an exchangeable drive unit including the rear wheels. For an electric drive, the batteries and motors could be replaced by an internal combustion engine including fuel tank, gearbox and an exhaust system.

The electric drive consists of two 10kW engines and one 29kWh battery giving a range of 200km, The petrol drive had an 0.8-litre, 25kW-engine with a 20-litre fuel capacity, giving a range of 500km (3.5l/100km). The Twin's première was at the 1992 Geneva Motor Show.

Direct-drive mechanism
A direct-drive mechanism is a mechanism design where the force or torque from a prime mover is transmitted directly to the effector device (such as the drive wheels of a vehicle) without involving any intermediate couplings such as a gear train or a belt.
Pro Lombardy Independence
Pro Lombardy Independence (Pro Lombardia Indipendenza) was an independentist party active in Lombardy, Italy.

The party, which was launched in 2011, was led by Alfredo Gatta; the spokesman is Alessandro Ceresoli.

The first objective of the party was the independence of the present-day Lombardy region, but it hopes for a unification of the 'Historical Lombardy', which in its eyes includes Emilia (part of the Emilia-Romagna region), the provinces of Novara and Verbano-Cusio-Ossola and the commune of Tortona (all three part of the Piedmont Region), and the 'Swiss Lombardia' (the Canton of Ticino and parts of the Canton of Graubünden).

According to its former president Giovanni Roversi, 'We don't want independence to build walls nor in opposition to other peoples: for us, a Sicilian is a European brother as is a citizen from Bavaria or from Galicia. We have an inclusive speech”.

The party was a member of the European Free Alliance.

Lombardy (historical region)
Lombardy (Lombard: Lombardia), also called Historical Lombardy (Lombardia storega) or Greater Lombardy (Granda Lombardia), is a name referring to the territory, larger than the modern administrative region of Italy, which culturally, linguistically and politically has been historically considered Lombard.

Originally synonymous with Northern Italy, the definition of Lombardy shrank over time: Dante Alighieri, in his De vulgari eloquentia, recognised the autonomy of Romagna and Genoa from Lombardy. Since the 1400s Piedmont became more and more culturally autonomous from the rest of Lombardy, and by the 1600s there was a substantial partition between Lombardy and Piedmont, the latter being ruled by the House of Savoy.

The ancient concept of Lombardy has kept surfacing in a few placenames until the modern era, e.g. Massa Lombarda (in Romagna) or Reggio di Lombardia (in Emilia, known as Reggio nell'Emilia since the unification of Italy).
Brooksby Hall
Brooksby Hall is a late–16th-century manor house on 3.2 square kilometres (800 acres) of land between Leicester and Melton Mowbray. Situated 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) northeast of Leicester, the hall and the neighbouring church of St Michael and All Angels are the last remnants of the medieval village of Brooksby, which was founded during the period of the Danelaw in the 9th century AD. In the 15th and 16th centuries Brooksby was depopulated by enclosures carried out by the estate's owners, which turned its cultivated land into sheep pastures in order to profit from a boom in wool.

A 31-acre garden adjoins the hall, leading down to the River Wreake and the railway line from Leicester to Peterborough. The hall, which is Grade II* listed, was occupied for centuries by the Villiers family and later by Admiral David Beatty, the British commander at the Battle of Jutland in 1916. It is now part of the Brooksby Melton College and is also used as a wedding and conference venue.

Melton Mowbray
Melton Mowbray (/ˈmɛltən ˈmoʊbri/) is a market town in the Melton district in Leicestershire, England, 19 miles (31 km) north-east of Leicester and 20 miles (32 km) south-east of Nottingham. It lies on the River Eye, known below Melton as the Wreake. The town had a population of 27,670 in 2019. The town is sometimes promoted as Britain's "Rural Capital of Food"; it is the home of the Melton Mowbray pork pie and is the location of one of six licensed makers of Stilton cheese.
Wilczyca
Wilczyca [vilˈt͡ʂɨt͡sa] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dalików, within Poddębice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) south-west of Dalików, 9 km (6 mi) south-east of Poddębice, and 29 km (18 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź.

Poddębice County
Poddębice County (Polish: powiat poddębicki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Poddębice, which lies 37 kilometres (23 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź. The only other town in the county is Uniejów, lying 14 km (9 mi) north-west of Poddębice.

The county covers an area of 880.91 square kilometres (340.1 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 42,195, out of which the population of Poddębice is 7,875, that of Uniejów is 2,916, and the rural population is 31,404.
La'Roi Glover
La'Roi Damon Glover (/ləˈrɔɪ/; born July 4, 1974) is an American professional football coach and former player who id the defensive line coach for the Orlando Storm of the United Football League (UFL). He played as a defensive tackle in the National Football League (NFL). Glover played college football for the San Diego State Aztecs. He enjoyed a 13-year career in which he made six-consecutive Pro Bowls and was a four-time All-Pro selection. He spent five seasons with the New Orleans Saints (1997–2001), four seasons with the Dallas Cowboys (2002–2005) and finished his playing career with the St. Louis Rams (2006–2008).

Orlando Storm
The Orlando Storm are an upcoming professional American football team based in Orlando, Florida. The Storm compete in the United Football League (UFL). The team was announced on October 7, 2025 as part of several major updates to the UFL which saw the replacement of three existing teams and the re-branding of others. The Storm are owned and operated by the UFL (a consortium of Mike Repole, Dwayne Johnson, Dany Garcia, RedBird Capital Partners and Fox Corporation) and play their home games at Inter&Co Stadium.
Church of St. Charles Borromeo, Pinsk
The Church of Charles Borromeo (Belarusian: Касцёл Карла Барамея; Russian: Церковь Святого Карла Борромео; Polish: Kościół św. Karola Boromeusza) is a former Roman Catholic church in Pinsk, Belarus. Constructed between 1770 and 1782, it was consecrated in the name of St. Charles Borromeo, then reconstructed in the second part of the 19th century and dedicated to the Holy Trinity.

The church was closed by the Soviet authorities in the 1960s and repurposed as a music hall. Nowadays it is one of the cultural centres of Pinsk.

It is listed as a monument of historical heritage of Belarus.

Pinsk
Pinsk (Belarusian: Пінск; Russian: Пинск, IPA: [pʲinsk]; Polish: Pińsk; Ukrainian: Пінськ; Yiddish: פינסק) is a city in Brest Region, Belarus. It serves as the administrative center of Pinsk District, though it is administratively separated from the district. It is located in the historical region of Polesia, at the confluence of the Pina River and the Pripyat River. The region was known as the Pinsk Marshes and is southwest of Minsk. As of 2025, it has a population of 124,008.

The historic city has a restored city centre, with two-storey buildings from the 19th and early 20th centuries. The centre has become an active place for youths of all ages with summer theme parks and an association football stadium, which houses the city's football club, FC Volna Pinsk.
Amparo Rubiales
Amparo Rubiales Torrejón (Madrid, 20 October 1945) is a Spanish politician who belongs to the political party PSOE and is ex-counsellor of the Junta de Andalucía. She holds a PhD in Law, and is a lawyer and Senior Lecturer of Administrative Law at the University of Seville.

University of Seville
The University of Seville (Universidad de Sevilla) is a  university in Seville, Andalusia, Spain. Founded under the name of Colegio Santa María de Jesús in 1505, in 2022 it has a student body of 57,214, and is ranked 6th among Spanish universities.
Jelgava–Meitene Railway
The Jelgava–Meitene Railway is a 33 kilometres (21 mi) long, 1,524 mm (5 ft) gauge railway built in the 20th century to connect Jelgava and Tilsit (now Sovetsk, Kaliningrad Oblast). Past the border with Lithuania, the line continues over Šarkiai to connect with the Vilnius–Klaipėda Railway at Šiauliai.

Sovetsk, Kaliningrad Oblast
Sovetsk (Russian: Сове́тск; German: Tilsit [ˈtɪlzɪt] ⓘ; Lithuanian: Tilžė; Polish: Tylża) is a town in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the south bank of the Neman River which forms the border with Lithuania.

Founded in the medieval period and granted municipal rights in 1552, it is one of the historically most important towns of the oblast and the traditional capital of the region of Lithuania Minor. It was the place where two treaties were concluded, of great importance in the history of France, Poland, Lithuania, Germany and Russia. It is the place of origin of the Tilsit cheese.

With a population of 38,614 as of 2023 it is the second largest city of the Kaliningrad Oblast.
Compatriots Club
The Compatriots Club was an unofficial grouping of British Conservatives between 1904 and 1914. According to E. H. H. Green, the club "was made up of a membership of Conservative MPs, academics, journalists, and writers, functioned as a form of 'think tank' to generate Conservative ideas on the economy, imperial relations, defence, and other issues." Members included William Cunningham, William Hewins, William Ashley, Lord Milner, Leo Amery, John Waller Hills, and Arthur Steel-Maitland. The theme of the club was a hostility to laissez-faire and individualism with an affinity to collectivism.

Arthur Steel-Maitland
Sir Arthur Herbert Drummond Ramsay Steel-Maitland, 1st Baronet (5 July 1876 – 30 March 1935) was a British Conservative politician. He was the first Chairman of the Conservative Party from 1911 to 1916 and held junior office from 1915 to 1919 in David Lloyd George's coalition government. From 1924 to 1929 he was Minister of Labour under Stanley Baldwin, with a seat in the cabinet.