hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Date and time notation in the United States
Date and time notation in the United States differs from that used in nearly all other countries. It is inherited from one historical branch of conventions from the United Kingdom. American styles of notation have also influenced customs of date notation in Canada, creating confusion in international commerce.

In traditional American usage, dates are written in the month–day–year order (e.g. February 27, 2026) with a comma before and after the year if it is not at the end of a sentence, and time is written in 12-hour notation (e.g. 4:55 pm).

International date and time formats typically follow the ISO 8601 format (2026-02-27) for all-numeric dates, write the time using the 24-hour clock (16:55), and notate the date using a day–month–year format (27 February 2026). These forms are increasingly common in American professional, academic, technological, military, and other internationally oriented environments.

12-hour clock
The 12-hour clock is a time convention in which the 24 hours of the day are divided into two periods: a.m. (from Latin ante meridiem, translating to "before midday") and p.m. (from Latin post meridiem, translating to "after midday"). Each period consists of 12 hours numbered: 12 (acting as 0), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11. The 12-hour clock has been developed since the second millennium BC and reached its modern form in the 16th century.

The 12-hour time convention is common in several English-speaking nations and former British colonies, as well as a few other countries. In English-speaking countries: "12 p.m." usually indicates noon, while "12 a.m." means midnight, but the reverse convention has also been used (see § Confusion at noon and midnight). "Noon" and "midnight" are unambiguous.
Middlesbrough Trophy
The Middlesbrough Trophy (or JD Sports Cup for sponsorship reasons) was an invitational football tournament held at the Riverside, Middlesbrough. The only edition took place between 1 and 2 August 1998. It was contested by four teams.

Riverside Stadium
The Riverside Stadium is a football stadium in Middlesbrough, England, which has been the home of Middlesbrough since its opening in 1995. It has an all-seated capacity of 33,746, although provisional planning permission is in place to expand to 42,000 if required.

Middlesbrough Women became affiliated with the Middlesbrough men's team in May 2023 and now play selected matches at the Riverside Stadium.
2024 Reyes Cup
The 2024 Reyes Cup was the inaugural edition of the Reyes Cup, an annual nine-ball pool competition between teams representing Asia and Europe. It was held at the Ninoy Aquino Stadium in Manila, Philippines, from 15 to 18 October 2024.

Team Asia defeated Team Europe by a score of 11–6 to win the inaugural title. Aloysius Yapp was named the most valuable player (MVP) of the tournament.

Aloysius Yapp
Aloysius Yapp (/ˌæloʊˈɪʃəs/; Chinese: 叶浚惟; pinyin: Yè Jùnwéi; born 2 May 1996) is a Singaporean professional pool player. He was the world junior champion in nine-ball in 2014 and runner-up in the 2021. In 2025, Yapp defeated Jonas Souto Comino of Spain 13–1 in the final of the UK Open Pool Championship, claiming his first major open title.
Sakurai Station (Nara)
Sakurai Station (桜井駅, Sakurai-eki) is a passenger railway station located in the city of Sakurai, Nara Prefecture, Japan. Although the station is on the Sakurai Line as rail infrastructure, it has been served by the Man-yō Mahoroba Line since 2010 in terms of passenger train services. Sakurai Station is also served by the Osaka Line of the Kintetsu Railway.

Contactless smart cards including ICOCA (JR-West) and PiTaPa (Surutto KANSAI) are available on both rail systems.

Nara Prefecture
Nara Prefecture (奈良県, Nara-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [naꜜ.ɾa, na.ɾaꜜ.keɴ]) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kansai region of Honshu. As of 2020, Nara Prefecture has a population of 1,321,805 and has a geographic area of 3,691 square kilometres (1,425 sq mi). Nara Prefecture borders Kyoto Prefecture to the north, Osaka Prefecture to the northwest, Wakayama Prefecture to the southwest, and Mie Prefecture to the east.

Nara is the capital and largest city of Nara Prefecture, with other major cities including Kashihara, Ikoma, and Yamatokōriyama. Nara Prefecture is located in the center of the Kii Peninsula on Japan's Pacific Ocean coast, and is one of only eight landlocked prefectures. Nara Prefecture has the distinction of having more UNESCO World Heritage listings than any other prefecture in Japan.
Sclerophrys turkanae
Sclerophrys turkanae, the Lake Turkana toad or Turkana toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Kenya, and is only known from two localities; Loiyangalani on the southeastern shores of Lake Turkana, and the Ewaso Ng'iro River in the Samburu National Reserve.

It is known from arid semi-desert regions with nearby permanent water (either lake or river). Breeding and larval development presumably takes place in water. Threats to this poorly known species are unknown.

True toad
A true toad is any member of the family Bufonidae, in the order Anura (frogs and toads). This is the only family of anurans in which all members are known as toads, although some may be called frogs (such as harlequin frogs). The bufonids now comprise more than 35 genera, Bufo being the best known.
Springfield Armory 911
The Springfield Armory 911 is a concealed carry semi-automatic pistol manufactured by Springfield Armory, Inc. A smaller version of a single-action hammer-fired M1911 pistol, it was first introduced in 2018 chambered in .380 ACP; the 9mm version was announced a year later. A full-length metal guide rod, removable G10 grips, a squared trigger guard, an ambidextrous safety, and drift-able fixed sights are all features of the all-metal construction.

Similar offerings from other manufacturers include the Kimber Micro and Micro 9, and the SIG Sauer P238 and P938.

Concealed carry
Concealed carry, or carrying a concealed weapon (CCW), is the practice of carrying a weapon (usually a sidearm such as a handgun), either in proximity to or on one's person in public places in a manner that hides or conceals the weapon's presence from surrounding observers. In the United States, the opposite of concealed carry is called open carry.

While most law enforcement officers carry their handguns in a visible holster, some officers such as plainclothes detectives or undercover agents carry weapons in concealed holsters.  In some countries and jurisdictions, civilians are legally required to obtain a concealed carry permit in order to possess and carry a firearm.  In others, a CCW permit is only required if the firearm is not visible to the eye, such as carrying the weapon in one's purse, bag, trunk, etc.
The Ace of Knaves
The Ace of Knaves is a collection of three mystery novellas by Leslie Charteris, first published in the United Kingdom in 1937 by Hodder and Stoughton, and in the United States by The Crime Club. This book continues the adventures of Charteris' creation, Simon Templar, alias The Saint. Later editions of the book were retitled The Saint in Action. The adventures in this book mark the return of Templar's longtime girlfriend and partner Patricia Holm and his nemesis, Chief Inspector Claud Eustace Teal since The Saint Goes On.

Two of the three novellas were first published in Thriller magazine several months before the book was released; this marked the return of the character to the magazine after a hiatus during which Charteris focused on writing novels.

Leslie Charteris
Leslie Charteris (/ˈtʃɑːrtərɪs/; born Leslie Charles Bowyer-Yin; 12 May 1907 – 15 April 1993), was a British-Chinese author of adventure fiction, as well as a screenwriter. He was best known for his many books chronicling the adventures of his hero Simon Templar, alias "The Saint".
Robert Walker (Third Lanark footballer)
Robert Walker was a Scottish footballer who was one of the first black players of the sport. He played in the late 1870s for Parkgrove (alongside fellow black player Andrew Watson) and between 1875 and 1877 for 3rd Lanark RV (with whom he was a runner-up in the 1876 Scottish Cup Final). He took part in two trials for the Scotland national football team (1876 and 1877), but this did not lead to a full cap.

1876 Scottish Cup final
The 1876 Scottish Cup final was the third final of the Scottish Cup and the final of the 1875–76 Scottish Cup, the most prestigious knockout football competition in Scotland. The original match took place at Hamilton Crescent on 11 March 1876 and was contested by Queen's Park and 3rd Lanarkshire Rifle Volunteers. The match was the first final to be held at a neutral venue and also the first to require a replay to decide a winner.

The first match ended in a 1–1 draw with the first goal from Drinnan of 3rd Lanark RV in the second minute of the match. Queen's Park equalised in the second half with a goal from Thomas Highet. In the replay a week later – also played at Hamilton Crescent – Queen's Park won 2–0 with a double from Highet to seal a hat-trick of cup final victories.
Chuck Tanner
Charles William Tanner (July 4, 1928 – February 11, 2011) was an American professional baseball player and manager. A left fielder and pinch hitter who appeared in 396 games in Major League Baseball (MLB) between 1955 and 1962, he was known for his unwavering confidence and infectious optimism. As a manager for all or parts of 19 seasons, he led the Pittsburgh Pirates to a World Series championship in 1979. In his last baseball job, he served as a senior advisor to Pirates general manager Neal Huntington.

1976 Oakland Athletics season
The 1976 Oakland Athletics season was the 76th season for the Oakland Athletics franchise, all as members of the American League, and their 9th season in Oakland. The Athletics finished second in the American League West with a record of 87 wins and 74 losses, 2+1⁄2 games behind the Kansas City Royals. The A's failed to win the division (and make the playoffs) for the first time since 1970. The team set and still holds the American League record for most stolen bases with 341, second in Major League Baseball's modern era (since 1901) to the 1911 New York Giants, who had 347.

The Athletics did not eclipse this season's win total until 1988 (104 wins). Nearly all of the team's stars (Sal Bando, Rollie Fingers, Gene Tenace, Joe Rudi, Bert Campaneris, Don Baylor, Phil Garner, Billy Williams, Claudell Washington, and an injury-plagued Willie McCovey) departed after this season. This staggering mass exodus led to a 24-win plunge in 1977 to last place in the standings and attendance.
House of Cool
House of Cool Studios is a boutique animation studio based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada and founded as a pre-production studio in 1994 by animation veteran Ricardo Curtis and finance expert Wes Lui, specializing in designing and storyboarding of films, series and commercials.

On March 29, 2023, Canadian media company WildBrain announced its intent to acquire the company for CA$18.3 million. The acquisition was completed in July 19, 2023.

Storyboard
A storyboard is a graphic organizer that consists of simple illustrations or images displayed in sequence for the purpose of pre-visualizing a motion picture, animation, motion graphic or interactive media sequence. The storyboarding process, in the form it is known today, was developed at Walt Disney Productions during the early 1930s, after several years of similar processes being in use at Walt Disney and other animation studios.
Bahçe Wind Farm
Bahçe Wind Farm or Gökçedağ Wind Farm is an onshore wind power plant in the Bahçe district of Osmaniye Province, in the eastern Mediterranean Region of Turkey. Consisting of 54 wind turbines with an installed output power of 135 MW in total, the wind farm was the country's largest one when it was commissioned in 2009.

The licence for the wind farm was obtained in 2003 and will expire in 2033. Construction works at the site began in 2008. It was constructed on Gökçedağ, a mountain between Bahçe and Hasanbeyli, south of the Osmaniye-Gaziantep highway  D.400. It is operated by Rotor Co., a subsidiary of Zorlu Holding. The wind farm cost €200 million.

Osmaniye
Osmaniye (pronounced [osˈmaːnije]) is a city on the eastern edge of the Çukurova plain in southern Turkey. It is the seat of Osmaniye Province and Osmaniye District. Its population is 252,186 (2022).

Backed by the foothills of the Nur Mountains, Osmaniye lay on one of the old Silk Roads and was always a place of strategic importance since it straddled the main route between Anatolia and the Middle East.

Osmaniye lies at the centre of a rich agricultural region watered by the Ceyhan river and known for growing peanuts. During the intensely hot summers many residents escape either to the Mediterranean coast or into the Nur mountains. The yayla of Zorkun is a particularly popular mountain retreat.

Osmaniye is strongly associated with Devlet Bahçeli, the leader of the MHP, who was its member of parliament for many years.
Howard Baum Site
Howard Baum Site (also called Clark's Work) is a Hopewell tradition earthworks site located in Ross County, Ohio, in the United States. The work is located near the north fork of Paint Creek. It was described, in 1848, as "one of the largest and most interesting in the Scioto valley."

Earthworks (archaeology)
In archaeology, earthworks are artificial changes in land level, typically made from piles of artificially placed or sculpted rocks and soil. Earthworks can themselves be archaeological features, or they can show features beneath the surface.
Godley Head
Awaroa / Godley Head (Māori: Awaroa), called Cachalot Head by early French explorers, is a prominent headland in Christchurch, New Zealand, located at the entrance to Lyttelton Harbour / Whakaraupō. The headland is named for John Robert Godley.

Joseph Thomas (surveyor)
Captain Joseph Thomas (June 1803 – ?) was a British explorer and the chief surveyor for Lyttelton, Sumner and Christchurch in New Zealand. He took up surveying after service in the British army, gaining the rank of lieutenant. In the 1840s, he explored many parts of New Zealand and worked for the New Zealand Company. This gained him employment with the Canterbury Association, which sent him to New Zealand in 1848. Thomas' role was to find a suitable site for their proposed settlement, and what became the Canterbury region with Christchurch as its capital was the result of his efforts. He was dismissed in early 1851 over quarrels with John Robert Godley, the agent of the Canterbury Association, just after the first settlers had arrived in the colony. Thomas' life after 1853 is unknown. Having allowed for Hagley Park as a generous central city green space is regarded as his major achievement, and it is his lasting legacy.
Mansfield railway station (Nottinghamshire)
Mansfield railway station serves the town of Mansfield in Nottinghamshire, England. It was also known as Mansfield Town, to distinguish itself from the GCR's former Mansfield Central and Mansfield Woodhouse stations. It is a stop on the Robin Hood Line, located 17 miles (27 km) north of Nottingham; it is managed by East Midlands Railway. The station building is Grade II listed.

Great Central Railway
The Great Central Railway in England was formed when the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway changed its name in 1897, anticipating the opening in 1899 of its London Extension. On 1 January 1923, the company was grouped into the London and North Eastern Railway.
Dmitri Malgin
Dmitri Igorevich Malgin (Russian: Дмитрий Игоревич Мальгин; born July 28, 1987) is a Kazakhstani professional ice hockey goaltender currently playing for HC Almaty in the Kazakhstan Hockey Championship (KAZ). He has formerly played with top tiered club, Barys Astana of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL).

Pro Hokei Ligasy
The Pro Hokei Ligasy, commonly referred to as Kazakhstan Hockey Championship, is  the highest level of ice hockey in Kazakhstan. Founded in 1992, eleven teams from Kazakhstan compete to win the Kazakhstan Hockey Cup.
40 gradusov
"40 gradusov" (Russian: 40 градусов; transl. 40 degrees) is a song recorded by Ukrainian singer Loboda, released as a standalone single on 15 November 2012 by Zion Music. The song was written by Monatik and Loboda, and produced by Natella Krapivina.

Natella Krapivina
Natella Vagifivna Krapivina (Ukrainian: Нателла Вагіфівна Крапівіна; Russian: Нателла Вагифовна Крапивина; née Aliyeva; Azerbaijani: Natella Vaqif qızı Əliyeva; born 7 April 1982) is a Ukrainian producer and director who is best known for working extensively with Ukrainian singer LOBODA. Krapivina additionally produces the Ukrainian travel show Oryol i Reshka and works with the television channels Inter in Ukraine and Pyatnica! in Russia.
Paul J. Wahlbeck
Paul J. Wahlbeck is an American political scientist, lawyer, and academic administrator. He has served as the dean of the Columbian College of Arts and Sciences since 2020. He is a professor of political science.

Wahlbeck completed a B.A. in political science at Wheaton College in 1983. He earned a J.D. at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign in 1986. He completed a Ph.D. in political science at the Washington University in St. Louis in 1993.

Wheaton College (Illinois)
Wheaton College is a private Evangelical Christian liberal arts college in Wheaton, Illinois, United States. It was founded by evangelical abolitionists in 1860. Wheaton College was a stop on the Underground Railroad and graduated one of Illinois' first Black college graduates. Colloquially known as the "Harvard of Evangelical Schools", it has been considered one of the leading Christian universities in the United States and an influential institution in North American evangelicalism and as an anchor of the "Bible belt" centered around the Wheaton area.
The Haunted Bookshop
The Haunted Bookshop is a 1919 novel by Christopher Morley, now in the public domain in the United States. It has remained a popular representative of the "bibliomystery," a mystery story set in the world of books.

Samuel Butler (novelist)
Samuel Butler (4 December 1835 – 18 June 1902) was an English novelist and critic, best known for the satirical utopian novel Erewhon (1872) and the semi-autobiographical novel  The Way of All Flesh (published posthumously in 1903 with substantial revisions and published in its original form in 1964 as Ernest Pontifex or The Way of All Flesh). Both novels have remained in print since their initial publication. In other studies he examined Christian orthodoxy, evolutionary thought, and Italian art, and made prose translations of the Iliad and Odyssey that are still consulted.
Woodwardia unigemmata
Woodwardia unigemmata is a species of evergreen fern in the family Aspleniaceae. It is sometimes referred to by the common name jewelled chain fern. It is native to Assam, China (North-Central, South-Central, and Southeast), East and West Himalaya, Japan, Java, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Pakistan, the Philippines, Taiwan, Tibet, and Vietnam. Growing to 1.5 m (4.9 ft) tall by 2.5 m (8.2 ft) broad, it bears pinnately-divided fronds which emerge red and turn green when mature. It occurs  in areas of high rainfall.

This plant is grown as an ornamental, and in the UK has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. It is an imposing architectural subject which is thought to be hardy down to −10 °C (14 °F). However it requires a sheltered position in well-cultivated, reliably moist soil.

Aspleniaceae
The Aspleniaceae (spleenworts) are a family of ferns, included in the order Polypodiales. The composition and classification of the family have been subject to considerable changes. In particular, there is a narrow circumscription, Aspleniaceae s.s. (adopted here), in which the family contains only two genera, and a very broad one, Aspleniaceae s.l., in which the family includes 10 other families kept separate in the narrow circumscription, with the Aspleniaceae s.s. being reduced to the subfamily Asplenioideae. The family has a worldwide distribution, with many species in both temperate and tropical areas. Elongated unpaired sori are an important characteristic of most members of the family.
St. Joseph's Episcopal Church, 1926 (Detroit)
St. Joseph's Episcopal Church, now known as St. Matthew's-St. Joseph's Episcopal Church, is a historic Episcopal church located at 8850 Woodward Avenue in Detroit, Michigan, and is part of the Episcopal Diocese of Michigan. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

Diocese of Michigan
The Episcopal Diocese of Michigan is the Episcopal diocese comprising 70 congregations in the southeast part of Michigan. In 2024, the diocese reported average Sunday attendance (ASA) of 3,893 persons. The most recent membership statistics (2023) showed 13,311 members.

The diocese traces its roots to the founding of St. Paul's, Detroit in 1824. It became a diocese of the Episcopal Church in 1836, one year before the State of Michigan entered the Union. Initially encompassing the entire Michigan Territory, it split several times to reflect a growing population, and now comprises only the densely populated southeastern portion of the state.

St. Paul's, Detroit was formally designated the cathedral of the diocese in 1912.
Girnar Wildlife Sanctuary
Girnar Wildlife Sanctuary is a protected area located in the Junagadh district of Gujarat, India. Nestled within the Girnar hills, it serves as a crucial habitat for several endangered species, most notably the Asiatic lion. The sanctuary was officially declared a protected area in 2008 to preserve its rich biodiversity and unique ecosystem.

Girnar
Girnar is an ancient hill in Junagadh, Gujarat, India. It is one of the  holiest pilgrimages of Jains, a Mahatirth, where the 22nd Tirthaṅkar, Lord Neminath attained omniscience, and later nirvana at its highest peak (Neminath Shikhar), along with other five hundred and thirty three enlightened sages. This is well described in ancient texts such as Kalpa Sūtra written by acharya Bhadrabāhu and Shri Uttaradhyayana Sutra by Arya Sudharmaswami. It is administered by the Junagadh Municipal Corporation.
2018 Sparks Energy 300
The 2018 Sparks Energy 300 was the ninth stock car race of the 2018 NASCAR Xfinity Series season, and the 27th iteration of the event. The race was held on Saturday, April 28, 2018, in Lincoln, Alabama at Talladega Superspeedway, a 2.66 miles (4.28 km) permanent triangle-shaped superspeedway. The race was extended from the scheduled 113 laps to 115 due to a NASCAR overtime finish. At race's end, Spencer Gallagher of GMS Racing would make a last lap pass on Tyler Reddick and fend off the field to win a shocker, winning his first and so far final NASCAR Xfinity Series win of his career and his first and only win of the season. To fill out the podium, Brandon Jones of Joe Gibbs Racing and Justin Allgaier of JR Motorsports would finish second and third, respectively.

Spencer Gallagher
Spencer Moritz Gallagher (born November 20, 1989) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He last competed part-time in the ARCA Menards Series, driving the No. 23 Chevrolet for Sigma Performance Services, part-time in the ARCA Menards Series East, driving the No. 24 Chevrolet for SPS, and part-time in the ARCA Menards Series West, driving the No. 23 Chevrolet for Clark Racing. He is the son of Allegiant Air's CEO, Maurice J. Gallagher Jr. In 2018, Gallagher announced that he would step away from full-time racing at the end of the 2018 season to take on a managerial role at GMS Racing.