hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Second Maratha invasion of Bengal
The Second Maratha invasion of Bengal was a military campaign from March to May 1743, during which Raghuji Bhonsle, instigated by Bhaskar, led a large army into Bengal Subah in February 1743 to enforce the chauth for Bengal, Bihar, and Odisha.

Concurrently, Peshwa Balaji Baji Rao, at Muhammad Shah's request, entered Bihar with another Maratha army to counter Raghuji. The Peshwa and Nawab Alivardi Khan met at Plassey, where Alivardi agreed to pay Shahu the chauth for Bengal and 22 lakh rupees to the Peshwa, who promised to prevent future invasions by Raghuji. The combined forces of the Nawab and the Peshwa defeated and expelled Raghuji, and both Maratha armies withdrew from Bengal by the end of May 1743.

Palashi
Palashi or Plassey, pronounced [ˈpɔlaʃi], Hindustani pronunciation: [pəˈlaːʃi]) is a town on the east bank of Bhagirathi River, located approximately 50 kilometres north of the city of Krishnanagar  in Kaliganj CD Block in the Nadia District of West Bengal, India.

It is particularly well known due to the Battle of Plassey fought there in June 1757, between the private army of the British East India Company and the army of Siraj-ud-Daulah, the Nawab of Bengal.
Beddomeia tumida
Beddomeia tumida is a species of very small (4 4 mm (0.16 in)) freshwater snail that has a gill and an operculum. It is an aquatic operculate gastropod mollusc in the family Hydrobiidae, and is endemic to Australia.

It had not been spotted for 120 years and was listed by the IUCN as "critically endangered but possibly extinct", when in late 2021 one was found by researchers in yingina/Great Lake in the Central Plateau of Tasmania. A survey found 15 further snails.

Snail
A snail is a shelled gastropod. The name is most often applied to land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs. However, the common name snail is also used for most of the members of the molluscan class Gastropoda that have a coiled shell that is large enough for the animal to retract completely into. When the word "snail" is used in this most general sense, it includes not just land snails but also numerous species of sea snails and freshwater snails. Gastropods that naturally lack a shell, or have only an internal shell, are mostly called slugs, and land snails that have only a very small shell (that they cannot retract into) are sometimes called semi-slugs.
FMW Women's Championship
The FMW Women's Championship consisted of two Japanese women's professional wrestling championships, the FMW Independent Women's Championship and the WWA World Women's Championship. The championships were contested in the promotion Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling (FMW). During the heyday of FMW, the female wrestlers wrestled in the same types of bloody death matches as the FMW men, and were feared by other Japanese female wrestlers for their toughness and intensity.

Women's professional wrestling
Professional wrestling is a dramatic enactment of wrestling as a spectator sport. As is the norm for this sport, women's professional wrestling is organized by wrestling federations called promotions. Some promotions are exclusively for women, while others have separate divisions for women. Among the nations that have women's professional wrestling are Australia, Bolivia, Canada, Japan, Mexico, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
John Bullman
John Joseph Bullman (c.1870 – March 6, 1922) was an American Thoroughbred horse racing jockey who competed at racetracks across the United States.

Riding at tracks on the American East Coast, in 1900 Bullman won the Matron Stakes at Morris Park Racecourse in The Bronx, New York then later that year won the American Derby at Washington Park Race Track in Chicago before going west in the late fall to compete at Tanforan Racetrack in San Bruno, California near San Francisco.

In 1901 Bullman won his second straight American Derby then in 1902 won the first of two consecutive editions of the Belmont Stakes at Morris Park Racecourse. Records show he continued to race on the West Coast during the winter months and in 1907 was in Los Angeles, California. Bullman was the first jockey to win purses totaling one million dollars in one season. One day he won all eight races.

Tanforan Racetrack
Tanforan Racetrack, also known as Tanforan Park, was a thoroughbred horse racing facility in San Bruno on the San Francisco Peninsula in California. It operated from November 4, 1899, to 1964. The horse racing track and buildings were constructed to serve a clientele from nearby San Francisco.

Between April and October 1942, the racetrack was the site of the Tanforan Assembly Center, an internment camp in which 8,000 Bay Area Japanese Americans were detained and processed for forced relocation and internment.

The racetrack was destroyed by fire on July 31, 1964. The site is now the location of The Shops at Tanforan shopping center. The mall has a Tanforan Racetrack historical plaque, the Tanforan Assembly Center commemorative garden and a statue of Seabiscuit.
Paula Isabel da Silva Moreira
Paula Isabel da Silva Moreira (born January 4, 1975) is a neuroscientist and Associate Professor of Physiology at the University of Coimbra. Moreira is recognized in the field of Alzheimer's disease research particularly for her work on bioenergetics.

Moreira is Co-Editor of Journal of Alzheimer's Disease and recipient of Stimulus for Research prize in 2003 by the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation. She also received the L'Oreal for Women in Science award (2008) supported by L'Oreal Portugal/UNESCO/Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT).

Neuroscientist
A neuroscientist (or neurobiologist) is a scientist specializing in neuroscience that deals with the anatomy and function of neurons, neural circuits, and glia, and their behavioral, biological, and psychological roles in health and disease.

Neuroscientists generally work as researchers within a college, university, government agency, or private industry setting. In research-oriented careers, neuroscientists design and conduct scientific experiments on the nervous system and its functions. They can engage in basic or applied research. Basic research seeks to expand current understanding of the nervous system, whereas applied research seeks to address a specific problem, such as developing a treatment for a neurological disorder.

Neuroscientists have numerous career opportunities outside of academic research, including careers in industry, science writing, government program management, science advocacy, and education. A neuroscientist commonly holds a doctorate in a medical science.
Borgen, Oslo
Borgen is a neighbourhood in the Vestre Aker borough in Oslo, Norway. In addition to being a residential area, Borgen is mostly known for Borgen station on the Oslo Metro which is located adjacent to Vestre gravlund.

Vestre gravlund
Vestre Gravlund is a cemetery in the Frogner borough of Oslo, Norway. It is located next to the Borgen metro station. At 60 acres (0.24 km2), it is the largest cemetery in Norway. It was inaugurated in September 1902 and also contains a crematorium (Vestre krematorium) and chapel (Gravkapellet).

The grave chapel was constructed in granite and clay stone and was designed by architect Alfred Christian Dahl (1857–1940). It was built in 1900 and consecrated in 1902. In the foundation wall, it has stained glass that was designed by artist Oddmund Kristiansen (1920–1997) in 1970.
Uncial 0168
Uncial 0168 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament. It was dated paleographically to the 8th-century. 
The codex contained the four Gospels, with some lacunae. It was a palimpsest. The codex is now lost, and further details are unavailable.

Currently it is dated by the INTF to the 8th century. The codex was housed at the Melissa Brothers in Veria.

The text-type of this codex is unknown. Kurt Aland did not place it in any Category.

Lacuna (manuscripts)
A lacuna (pl. lacunae or lacunas) is a gap in a manuscript, inscription, text, painting, or musical work. A manuscript, text, or section suffering from gaps is said to be "lacunose" or "lacunulose".

Weathering, decay, and other damage to old manuscripts or inscriptions are often responsible for lacunae - words, sentences, or whole passages that are missing or illegible. Palimpsests are particularly vulnerable. To reconstruct the original text, the context must be considered. In papyrology and textual criticism, this may lead to competing reconstructions and interpretations. Published texts that contain lacunae often mark the section where text is missing with a bracketed ellipsis. For example, "This sentence contains 20 words, and [...] nouns," or, "Finally, the army arrived at [...] and made camp."
Cystobasidium
Cystobasidium is a genus of fungi in the order Cystobasidiales. The type species is a fungal parasite forming small gelatinous basidiocarps (fruit bodies) on various ascomycetous fungi (including Lasiobolus and Thelebolus spp) on dung. Microscopically, it has auricularioid (laterally septate) basidia producing basidiospores that germinate by budding off yeast cells. Other species are known only from their yeast states. The yeasts Cystobasidium minutum and C. calyptogenae are rare but known human pathogens.

Basidiocarp
In fungi, a basidiocarp, basidiome, or basidioma (pl. basidiomata) is the sporocarp of a basidiomycete, the multicellular structure on which the spore-producing hymenium is borne. Basidiocarps are characteristic of the hymenomycetes; rusts and smuts do not produce such structures. As with other sporocarps, epigeous (above-ground) basidiocarps that are visible to the naked eye (especially those with a more or less agaricoid morphology) are commonly referred to as mushrooms, while hypogeous (underground) basidiocarps are usually called false truffles.
Human rights movement
Human rights movement refers to a nongovernmental social movement engaged in activism related to the issues of human rights. The foundations of the global human rights movement involve resistance to: colonialism, imperialism, slavery, racism, segregation, patriarchy, and oppression of indigenous peoples.

A key principle of the human rights movement is its appeal to universality: the idea that all human beings should struggle in solidarity for a common set of basic conditions that has to be followed by all.

International Federation for Human Rights
The International Federation for Human Rights (French: Fédération internationale pour les droits humains, FIDH) is a non-governmental federation for human rights organizations. Founded in 1922, FIDH is the third oldest international human rights organization worldwide after Anti-Slavery International and Save the Children. As of 2025, the organization is made up of a federation of 196 organizations from 115 countries.

FIDH is nonpartisan, nonsectarian, and non-governmental. Its core mandate is to promote respect for all the rights set out in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.

FIDH coordinates and supports collaborations with intergovernmental organizations.
Martina Cavallero
Martina Cavallero (born 7 May 1990) is an Argentine field hockey player. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, she competed for the Argentina national team where the team achieved the silver medal. Martina also won three Champions Trophy, the World League 2014-15, the bronze medal at the 2014 World Cup and two Pan American Cups.  She was also part of the 2016 Olympic team.

Argentina at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Argentina competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 5 to 21 August 2016. This was the nation's twenty-fourth appearance at the Summer Olympic Games, having missed only three editions since their 1900 debut: the 1904 Summer Olympics in St. Louis, the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm and the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow because of its support for the United States-led boycott. The Argentine Olympic Committee (Spanish: Comité Olímpico Argentino) sent the nation's largest ever delegation to the Games in Olympic history, surpassing the record set in London 1948.

On 6 August, judoka Paula Pareto claimed the gold in the women's 48 kg, becoming the first Argentine woman to become an Olympic champion.
Charles the Second (play)
Charles the Second is an 1824 historical comedy in two acts by the British-based American writer John Howard Payne. It is set at the court of Charles II in Restoration London, and features a series of adventures in the company of his friend Rochester. It premiered at the Theatre Royal, Covent Garden on 27 May 1824. The original cast included Charles Kemble as Charles II, John Duruset as Edward, John Fawcett as Captain Copp, Harriet Faucit as Lady Clara, Maria Tree as Mary. It was performed 14 times in its initial run. An afterpiece, the running time was roughly an hour and fifty minutes. It subsequently performed in the United States at the Park Theatre Olympic Theatre in New York.

Afterpiece
An afterpiece is a short, usually humorous one-act playlet or musical work following the main attraction, the full-length play, and concluding the theatrical evening. This short comedy, farce, opera or pantomime was a popular theatrical form in the 18th and 19th centuries. It was presented to lighten the five-act tragedy that was commonly performed.

A similar piece preceding the main attraction is a curtain raiser.

An example is The Padlock by Charles Dibdin, first performed in London in 1768.
Deborah Boone
Deborah Boone (born 1951) is an American politician from the state of Oregon. She served as a Democratic member of the Oregon House of Representatives, where she represented District 32. Her time in office began with her appointment on August 4, 2004, to serve out the remaining term of Representative Elaine Hopson. Boone won election in 2004 and was re-elected in 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014, and 2016. She was succeeded by Representative Tiffiny Mitchell, who was elected in 2018 and took office in 2019.

Oregon House of Representatives
The Oregon House of Representatives is the lower house of the Oregon Legislative Assembly, the upper house being the Oregon State Senate. There are 60 members of the House, representing 60 districts across the state, each with a population of approximately 65,000. The House meets in the west wing of the Oregon State Capitol in Salem.

Members of the House serve two-year terms without term limits. In 2002, the Oregon Supreme Court struck down Oregon Ballot Measure 3 (1992), that had restricted State Representatives to three terms (six years) on procedural grounds.

In the current legislative session, Democrats have 37 seats, a slim 2 seat supermajority, while the Republicans have a minority of 23 seats.
Kodungallur Assembly constituency
Kodungallur State assembly constituency is one of the 140 state legislative assembly constituencies in Kerala. It is also one of the seven state legislative assembly constituencies included in Chalakudy Lok Sabha constituency. As of the 2021 assembly elections, the current MLA is V. R. Sunil Kumar of CPI.

2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election
The 2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election was held in Kerala on 6 April 2021 to elect 140 members to the 15th Kerala Legislative Assembly. The results were declared on 2 May.

The election saw the incumbent Left Democratic Front (LDF) in a historic win retaining power with 99 seats, 8 more than in the previous election, marking the first time that an alliance won consecutive terms in the state since 1977. The United Democratic Front (UDF) won the remaining 41 seats, 6 less than in the previous election. The National Democratic Alliance (NDA) received a dip in vote share and lost their lone seat. Pinarayi Vijayan became the first Chief Minister of Kerala to be re-elected after completing a full, five-year term in office.
Streptomyces showdoensis
Streptomyces showdoensis is a bacterium species from the genus Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Shōdoshima, Japan. Streptomyces showdoensis produces terferol, actinomycin and showdomycin.

Dactinomycin
Dactinomycin, also known as actinomycin D, is a chemotherapy medication used to treat a number of types of cancer. This includes Wilms tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, trophoblastic neoplasm, testicular cancer, and certain types of ovarian cancer. It is given by injection into a vein.

Most people develop side effects. Common side effects include bone marrow suppression, vomiting, mouth ulcers, hair loss, liver problems, infections, and muscle pains. Other serious side effects include future cancers, allergic reactions, and tissue death if extravasation occurs. Use in pregnancy may harm the baby. Dactinomycin is in the cytotoxic antibiotic family of medications. It is believed to work by blocking the creation of RNA.

Dactinomycin was approved for medical use in the United States in 1964. It is on the 2023 World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.
Ilias Psinakis
Ilias Psinakis (Greek: Ηλίας Ψινάκης, born 8 April 1958) is a Greek businessman, politician, manager, and television personality.

Psinakis served as Mayor of Marathon, located in the administrative region of Attica, from 2014 until 2019.

Marathon, Greece
Marathon (Demotic Greek: Μαραθώνας, Marathónas; Attic/Katharevousa: Μαραθών, Marathṓn) is a town in Greece and the site of the Battle of Marathon in 490 BCE, in which the heavily outnumbered Athenian army defeated the Persians. Legend has it that Pheidippides, a Greek herald at the battle, was sent running from Marathon to Athens to announce the victory, which is how the marathon running race was conceived in modern times. Today it is part of East Attica regional unit, in the outskirts of Athens and a popular resort town and center of agriculture.
1993 Memorial Cup
The 1993 Memorial Cup took place 15–23 May 1993, at the Sault Memorial Gardens in Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario.  It was the 75th annual Memorial Cup competition and determined the major junior ice hockey champion of the Canadian Hockey League (CHL).

Sault Ste. Marie won their first Memorial Cup, defeating Peterborough in the championship game.

Ralph Intranuovo
Ralph Intranuovo (born December 11, 1973) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey left winger. He played 22 games in the National Hockey League with the Edmonton Oilers and Toronto Maple Leafs between 1995 and 1997. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1993 to 2013, was mainly spent in various European leagues. Internationally Intranuovo played for the Canadian national team at the 1995 World Championships, where he won a bronze medal.
Jessop West
53°22′53″N 1°29′00″W﻿ / ﻿53.381327°N 1.483464°W﻿ / 53.381327; -1.483464

Jessop West is a building in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, and is part of the University of Sheffield. Designed by Berlin-based architectural firm Sauerbruch Hutton, it was completed in 2009, and is on the corner of Leafygreave Road and Upper Hanover Street, opposite the Information Commons.

Sauerbruch Hutton
Sauerbruch Hutton  is an international agency for architecture, urban planning and design. It was founded in London in 1989 and is now based in Berlin, Germany. The practice is led by Matthias Sauerbruch, Louisa Hutton and Juan Lucas Young.
Simran Kaur Mundi
Simran Kaur Mundi is an Indian actress, model and beauty pageant titleholder. She works in Hindi films. She won the title of Femina Miss India Universe 2008 and represented India at Miss Universe 2008.
She made her acting debut in the Hindi film Jo Hum Chahein in 2011.

Jats
The Jat people (Hindi: [dʒaːʈ], Punjabi: [dʒəʈː]), also spelt Jaat and Jatt, are a traditionally agricultural caste in Northern India and Pakistan. Originally pastoralists in the lower Indus river-valley of Sindh, many Jats migrated north into the Punjab region in late medieval times, and subsequently into the Delhi Territory, northeastern Rajputana, and the western Gangetic Plain in the 17th and 18th centuries. Of Hindu, Muslim and Sikh faiths, they are now found mostly in the Indian states of Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan and the Pakistani regions of Sindh, Punjab and AJK.

By the 20th century, the landowning Jats became an influential group in several parts of North India, including Punjab, Western Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Haryana and Delhi. Over the years, several Jats abandoned agriculture in favour of urban jobs, and used their dominant economic and political status to claim higher social status.
Christ Enthroned (Tzanes)
Christ Enthroned is a tempera icon by Emmanuel Tzanes, a Greek painter of the late Cretan school. It is currently at the Byzantine & Christian Museum in Athens.

Tzanes was active for most of the 17th century, and has left 130 extant works. Born in Rethymno, Crete, he migrated to Corfu around 1646. In the 1650s he moved again, to Venice, where he became the priest of San Giorgio dei Greci.

Depictions of Christ enthroned were common among Italian and Greek Byzantine painters, who produced many versions of the theme. Tzanes's composition includes symbols of the Four Evangelists around the throne, making it a notable example of a pairing which occurs frequently in paintings of the Cretan and Heptanese schools. Angelos Akotantos gathered together Jesus and the Evangelists themselves in his 15th-century painting Christ the Vine; the Evangelists' symbols appear in the Enthroned Christs of Spyridon Ventouras and Stylianos Devaris.

Rethymno
Rethymno (Greek: Ρέθυμνο [ˈreθimno], Italian: Retimo, formerly also Rettimo or Retimno, Latin: Civitas Rethymnæ, Turkish: Resmo) is a city in Greece on the island of Crete. It is the capital of Rethymno regional unit, and has a population of more than 35,000 inhabitants (nearly 40,000 for the municipal unit). It is believed to have been built on the site of the earlier city of Rhithymna.
Wisecracks
Wisecracks is a Canadian documentary film, directed by Gail Singer and released in 1991. The film profiles a number of women who were active in comedy in the late 1980s and early 1990s, including Joy Behar, Phyllis Diller, Ellen DeGeneres, Whoopi Goldberg, Geri Jewell, Paula Poundstone, Sandra Shamas and Jenny Jones.

The film premiered at the 1991 Festival of Festivals. Singer's comedy film True Confections was also screened at the same festival, making her the first filmmaker in the festival's history to have both a documentary and a narrative fiction film screened at the festival in the same year.

The film subsequently received a Genie Award nomination for Best Feature Length Documentary at the 13th Genie Awards in 1992.

Geri Jewell
Geraldine Ann "Geri" Jewell (born September 13, 1956) is an American actress, stand-up comedian, diversity consultant, and motivational speaker, noted for roles on the 1980s sitcom The Facts of Life and the mid-2000s western Deadwood.