hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Drudge Report
The Drudge Report (stylized in all caps as DRUDGE REPORT) is an American-based news aggregation website founded by Matt Drudge, and run with the help of Charles Hurt and Daniel Halper. Prior to the 2020 United States presidential election, the site was generally regarded as a conservative publication, but its ownership and political leanings moved left in mid-to-late 2019. The site consists mainly of links to news stories from other outlets about politics, entertainment, and current events; it also has links to many columnists.

The Drudge Report originated in 1995 as a weekly subscriber-based email dispatch. It was the first news source to break the Clinton–Lewinsky scandal to the public, after Newsweek decided to "kill the story".

Charles Hurt
Henry Charles Hurt III (born November 3, 1971) is an American political commentator. He is currently the opinion editor of The Washington Times, as well as a co-host of Fox & Friends Weekend.  Hurt's views have been considered to be Republican-leaning.
Bristol Island
Bristol Island is an uninhabited island in the South Sandwich Islands, an archipelago in the Southern Ocean. The island is almost entirely surrounded by ice cliffs and largely covered with ice. It features both the oldest rocks of this archipelago and an active volcano that last erupted in 2016.

RRS Discovery II
RRS Discovery II was a British Royal Research Ship which, during her operational lifetime of about 30 years, carried out considerable hydrographical and marine biological survey work in Antarctic waters and the Southern Ocean in the course of the Discovery Investigations research program.  Built in Port Glasgow, launched in 1928 and completed in 1929, she was the first purpose-built oceanographic research vessel and was named after Robert Falcon Scott's 1901 ship, RRS Discovery.
Digital multiplex hierarchy
In telecommunications, a digital multiplex hierarchy is a hierarchy consisting of an ordered repetition of tandem digital multiplexers that produce signals of successively higher data rates at each level of the hierarchy.

Digital multiplexing hierarchies may be implemented in many different configurations depending on; (a) the number of channels desired, (b) the signaling system to be used, and (c) the bit rate allowed by the communications media.

Some currently available digital multiplexers have been designated as Dl-, DS-, or M-series, all of which operate at T-carrier rates.

In the design of digital multiplex hierarchies, care must be exercised to ensure interoperability of the multiplexers used in the hierarchy.

Means of communication
Means of communication or media are ways used by people to communicate and exchange information with each other as an information sender and a receiver. Diverse arrays of media that reach a large audience via mass communication are called mass media.
Kurixalus motokawai
Kurixalus motokawai, the Kon Tum frilled tree frog, is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae.  It is endemic to Vietnam's Annamite Mountains. It has been observed between 1050 and 1400 meters above sea level.

The skin of the dorsum is brown in color with darker brown marks. Mitochondrial DNA analysis indicates this frog is most similar to Kurixalus banaensis and Kurixalus viridescens

This frog is found in evergreen forests and scrublands on the slopes of tall hills. It perches .5 to 1 meters above the ground. It has shown some tolerance to habitat disturbance. Scientists believe it may lay eggs in holes in trees that have water in them, like other frogs in Kurixalus.

Scientists classify this as vulnerable to extinction. Its range includes two protected parks: Ngoc Linh Nature Reserve and Kon Ka Kinh National Park. Both these areas are subject to deforestation associated with farming. The construction of hydroelectric dams cause floods and earthquakes in its habitat.

Annamite Range
The Annamite Range (Lao: ພູ ຫລວງ, romanized: Phū Lūang; Vietnamese: Dãy Trường Sơn, IPA: [zǎˀj ʈʂɯə̀n ʂɤ̄n]) is a major mountain range of Mainland Southeast Asia, extending approximately 1,100 km (680 mi) through Laos, Vietnam, and a small area in northeast Cambodia.
English invasion of Scotland (1482)
In July 1482, an English army invaded Scotland during the Anglo-Scottish Wars. The town of Berwick-upon-Tweed and its castle were captured and the English army briefly occupied Edinburgh. These events followed the signing of the Treaty of Fotheringhay, 11 June 1482, in which Alexander Stewart, Duke of Albany, the brother of James III of Scotland declared himself King of Scotland and swore loyalty to Edward IV of England. The follow-up invasion of Scotland under the command of Edward's brother, Richard, Duke of Gloucester failed to install Albany on the throne, but Berwick has remained English ever since the castle surrendered on 24 August 1482. The English army left Edinburgh with a promise for the repayment of the dowry paid for the marriage of Princess Cecily of England to the Scottish Prince.

Henry Percy, 4th Earl of Northumberland
Henry Percy, 4th Earl of Northumberland KG (c. 1449 – 28 April 1489) was an English aristocrat during the Wars of the Roses. After losing his title when his father was killed fighting the Yorkists, he later regained his position. He led the rearguard of Richard III's army at the Battle of Bosworth in 1485, but failed to commit his troops. He was briefly imprisoned by Henry VII, but later restored to his position. A few years later he was murdered by citizens of York during a revolt against Henry VII's taxation.
On Parables
"On Parables" (German: "Von den Gleichnissen") is a short story fragment by Franz Kafka. It was not published until 1931, seven years after his death. Max Brod selected stories and published them in the collection Beim Bau der Chinesischen Mauer. The first English translation by Willa and Edwin Muir was published by Martin Secker in London in 1933. It appeared in The Great Wall of China. Stories and Reflections (New York City: Schocken Books, 1946).

The piece consists of a narrative on the merits of parables. The debate is whether they are useful or merely folklore handed down from one generation to the next. The narrator mentions that parables are not necessarily useful; after all, they've been around for many years, but despite their "wisdom," people still struggle with the same difficulties. The story ends by claiming that the text can be interpreted as a parable.

Martin Secker
Martin Secker (6 April 1882 – 6 April 1978), born Percy Martin Secker Klingender, was a London publisher who was responsible for producing the work of a distinguished group of literary authors, including D. H. Lawrence, Thomas Mann, Norman Douglas, Henry James, Compton Mackenzie, and George Orwell. He began publishing just before the First World War.
Secker lived at Bridgefoot House, Iver, Buckinghamshire.

In 1935, Secker's original firm merged to form the new company of Secker & Warburg.
New Youth Forum
New Youth Forum (Chinese: 新青年論壇) is a political party in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China.  The youth group was established in October 2001, and is currently led by convenor Regina Yeung Sum-yu.

The basic platform of the group is to promote youth participation in political and social affairs, to serve the community, and to focus on the rights of the youth.

The convenor of the group, Regina Yeung, attempted to run for a seat in the 2003 District Council elections but failed.  She ran under the banner of the New Century Forum during the 2000 Legislation Council elections before the establishment of the group.

Leader: Tang Wing-chun (鄧咏駿)
Vice leader: Chan Hoi-yan (陳凱茵), Szeto Ngai-man (司徒毅敏)

New Century Forum
New Century Forum is a pro-Beijing, middle-class-oriented political group in Hong Kong, compromising professionals, businessmen and academics, and aims to represent the voice of the middle-class. It is currently led by convenor Ma Fung-kwok.
Devdas (1979 film)
Devdas (Bengali: দেবদাস Debdash) is a 1979 a Bengali-language epic period drama film based on Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay's 1917 novel Devdas. The film stars Soumitra Chatterjee, Uttam Kumar, Sumitra Mukherjee, and Supriya Choudhury. The lyrics for the film's songs were written by Kazi Nazrul Islam.

Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay
Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay (anglicised as Sarat Chandra Chatterjee; 15 September 1876 – 16 January 1938) was a Bengali novelist and short story writer of the early 20th century. He generally wrote about the lives of Bengali family and society in cities and villages. However, his keen powers of observation, great sympathy for fellow human beings, a deep understanding of human psychology (including the "ways and thoughts and languages of women and children"), an easy and natural writing style, and freedom from political biases and social prejudices enable his writing to transcend barriers and appeal to all Indians. He remains the most popular, translated, and adapted Indian author of all time.
Abyssinia Lines
Abyssinia Lines is one of the neighbourhoods of Jamshed Town in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.

There are several ethnic groups including Muhajirs, Punjabis, Sindhis, Kashmiris, Seraikis, Pakhtuns, Balochis, Memons, Bohras Ismailis, Baltis Nagaris commonly call Gilgitis and Christians. It was established as a colony for refugees from India who migrated to Pakistan in and soon after 1947.

Kashmiris
Kashmiri people (Kashmiri pronunciation: [kəːʃirʲ]) are an Indo-Aryan ethnolinguistic group speaking the Kashmiri language and originating from the Kashmir Valley region, which is located in Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir.
Jim Lewis (writer)
James "Jim" Lewis (born December 23, 1955) is an American writer known for his work with The Jim Henson Company and The Muppets. Lewis first worked with the Muppets as the editor of Muppet Magazine. The Disney Channel program Studio DC: Almost Live was produced by him.

Lewis grew up in Boonton, New Jersey, and attended Boonton High School.

Studio DC: Almost Live
Studio DC: Almost Live is the title of a pair of specials that aired on the Disney Channel. The specials are half-hour variety shows featuring The Muppets and Disney Channel stars performing comedy sketches and musical numbers together. The style is similar to that of The Muppet Show. The first special aired August 3, 2008, and was hosted by Dylan and Cole Sprouse. The second special aired October 5, 2008, and was hosted by Selena Gomez.
Ufot Ekaette
Ufot Ekaette listenⓘ (born 1939) was appointed the first Nigerian Minister of Niger Delta on 17 December 2008 by President Umaru Yar'Adua.
He left office in March 2010 when acting president Goodluck Jonathan dissolved his cabinet.

Goodluck Jonathan
Goodluck Ebele Azikiwe Jonathan Listenⓘ GCFR GCON (born 20 November 1957) is a Nigerian politician who served as the president of Nigeria from 2010 to 2015. He lost the 2015 presidential election to former military head of state General Muhammadu Buhari and was the first incumbent president in Nigerian history to lose re-election.

Previously, Jonathan served as the vice president of Nigeria from 2007 to 2010 under the administration of Umaru Musa Yar'Adua; and in oil-rich Bayelsa State as governor from 2005 to 2007, and deputy governor from 1999 to 2005. In 2015, Jonathan became the first Nigerian president to concede election defeat. It allowed the transfer of power to the opposition party in Africa's biggest democracy—a country that had hitherto experienced vote-rigging and violence.
Bonfante
Bonfante is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Giuliano Bonfante (1904–2005), Italian linguist

Larissa Bonfante (1931–2019), Italian-American classicist

Paola Bonfante (born 1947), Italian botanist

Samuel Bonfante (born 1959), Italian-American Education Technology Executive and President of Hatch Early Learning

Paola Bonfante
Paola Bonfante is a Professor Emerita of plant biology at the University of Turin, she has studied symbiosis between fungi and plants (mycorrhizae), associations that involve 90% of plants with significant impacts on ecosystems, as well as on agriculture.
Seoul International Marathon
The Seoul International Marathon (Korean: 서울 국제 마라톤; RR: Seoul Gugje Malaton), also known as The Dong-A Ilbo Seoul Marathon or Seoul Marathon, is an annual marathon race that takes place in Seoul, South Korea. It is hosted by the newspaper The Dong-A Ilbo. It is one of two annual races over the 42.195 km classic distance in the city, alongside the JoongAng Seoul Marathon which is held in November. It holds World Athletics Platinum Label Road Race status. First held in 1931, it is the third longest-running road running competition in Asia after the Hakone Ekiden and Chugoku Yamaguchi Ekiden in Japan.

The race has been integral to the elite level of the sport in Korea, as ten of the 28 South Korean national records in the marathon have been set at the competition. The day's races attract around 35,000 people on a yearly basis.

Hakone Ekiden
Hakone Ekiden (箱根駅伝), officially called the Tokyo-Hakone Round Trip College Ekiden Race (東京箱根間往復大学駅伝競走, Tōkyō Hakone kan Ōfuku Daigaku Ekiden Kyōsō), is a ekiden (relay marathon) race held between Tokyo and Hakone in Japan on January 2 and 3. Hakone Ekiden is one of the most prominent university-level Ekiden races of the year and is part of the two ekiden race events that celebrate the new year, the other one being the New Year Ekiden for corporate teams on January 1st.

The race is telecast on Nippon Television and streamed on TVer and in the special Yomuri coverage website for the event.

This two-day race from Ōtemachi to Hakone and back is separated into five legs on each day.  Due to slight variations in the courses, the first day distance is 107.5 km while the distance on the second day is 109.6 km.
Peter Murrell Conservation Area
The Peter Murrell Conservation Area is located in Huntingfield, Tasmania, approximately 15 km (9.3 mi) south of the state's capital city, Hobart. The conservation area has an area of 135 ha (330 acres) and is one of three reserves within the Peter Murrell Reserves. Also within these reserves are the Peter Murrell State Reserve (133 ha (330 acres)) and a Public Reserve (9 ha (22 acres)). These reserves and the Conservation Area lie at the base of the Tinderbox Peninsula, between the suburbs of Kingston, Howden and Blackman's Bay. The Peter Murrell Conservation Area surrounds the northern, western and southern sides of the Peter Murrell State Reserve.

Huntingfield, Tasmania
Huntingfield is a residential locality in the local government area (LGA) of Kingborough in the Hobart LGA region of Tasmania. The locality is about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) south-west of the town of Kingston. The 2021 census recorded a population of 540 for the state suburb of Huntingfield.

It is an outer suburb of the greater Hobart area, bordering Blackmans Bay and Kingston. The area was created in the late 1980s. Located in Huntingfield are Tarremah Steiner School, St Aloysius Catholic College and Kingborough Family Church. In 2017 its houses were the fastest selling in Australia, which was attributed to reasonable prices and a good range of services.
2004 Big South Conference men's basketball tournament
The 2004 Big South Conference men's basketball tournament took place March 2–6, 2004, at campus sites. The tournament was won by the Liberty Flames, their second tournament win in school history. Liberty defeated High Point in the title game 89–44, although Danny Gathings of High Point won the tournament's Most Valuable Player.

Big South Conference
The Big South Conference is a collegiate athletic conference affiliated with the NCAA's Division I. Originally a non-football conference, the Big South began sponsoring football in 2002 as part of the Football Championship Subdivision (FCS), and began operating the OVC–Big South Football Association in partnership with the Ohio Valley Conference in 2023. The Big South, founded in 1983, is firmly rooted in the South Atlantic region of the United States, with full member institutions located in North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia. Associate members are located in Georgia and South Carolina.
Wojciech Smoczyński
Wojciech Sławomir Smoczyński (born March 12, 1945, in Głowno near Łowicz) is a Polish linguist. He is a tenured professor at the Department of General and Indo-European linguistics at Jagiellonian University, and since 1996 also the head of the Department of Indo-European Studies.

From 1962 to 1967 he studied Slavic philology, Lithuanian and Gothic at Warsaw University. In 1977 he defended his thesis at Jagiellonian University. In 2000 he received the title of professor, and subsequently full professorship in 2002.

He is the author of over 200 articles, five monographs and the Etymological Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language (Polish: Słownik etymologiczny języka litewskiego), as well as the editor of two conference proceedings.

He received an honorary doctorate from the University of Vilnius.

Indo-European studies
Indo-European studies (German: Indogermanistik) is an interdisciplinary field that examines the Indo-European languages and related cultural history through historical linguistics, comparative philology, archaeology, and genetics.

The discipline coalesced in late eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Europe as comparative linguists including Marcus Zuerius van Boxhorn, Franz Bopp, and August Schleicher refined methods for reconstructing a shared ancestry among the languages. Research centers on rebuilding the Proto-Indo-European language, homeland, and society by combining comparative analysis with archaeological, mythological, and genetic evidence to test models such as the Kurgan hypothesis. Dedicated programs, research centers, journals, and book series sustain Indo-European studies across Europe and North America.
Codex Veronensis (R)
Codex Veronensis (R) is a 6th-century manuscript of the Psalter, with the shelfmark "Verona, Chapter Library I (1)."  It is a bilingual manuscript in Greek and Latin. The Greek text is that of the Septuagint; the Latin is a unique version of the Old Latin.

The manuscript consists of 405 leaves, measuring 27 x 20 cms. Each page contains 26 lines.  The text is written in an uncial hand of the 6-7th century, probably written in the north of Italy. The Greek text appears at each opening on the left-hand page, and the Latin on the right.

Both texts are written in Roman characters. A few lacunae (Ps. 1. 1—2. 7, 65. 20—68. 3, 68. 26—33, 105. 43—106. 2) have been supplied by a later hand, which has also added the ψαλμὸς ἰδιόγραφος (Ps. 151.). The Psalms are followed prima manu by eight canticles (Exod. 15. 1—21, Deut. 32. 1—44, 1 Regn. 2. 1—10, Isa. 5. 1—9, Jon. 2. 3—10, Hab. 3. 1—10, Magnificat, Dan. 3. 23 ff.).

Canticle
In the context of Christian liturgy, a canticle (/ˈkæntɪkəl/; from the Latin canticulum, a diminutive of canticum, "song") is a psalm-like song with biblical lyrics taken from elsewhere than the Book of Psalms, but included in psalters and books such as the breviary. Of special importance to the Divine Office are three New Testament Canticles that are the climaxes of the Offices of Lauds, Vespers and Compline; these are respectively Benedictus (Luke 1:68-79), Magnificat (Luke 1:46-55) and Nunc dimittis (Luke  2:29-32). There are also a number of Canticles taken from the Old Testament.
Allan Hawke
Allan Douglas Hawke AC (18 February 1948 – 31 August 2022) was an Australian senior public servant and diplomat.

During his public service career, Hawke served as Chief of Staff to Prime Minister Paul Keating; Secretary of the Department of Veterans' Affairs (1994–1996); Secretary of the Department of Transport and Regional Services (1996–1999); and Secretary of the Department of Defence (1999–2002). Hawke was then appointed High Commissioner to New Zealand (2003–2005), and subsequently Chancellor of the Australian National University (2006–2008).

Hawke was Chairman of the Canberra Raiders Board of Directors.

Department secretary
In Australia, a departmental secretary is the most senior public servant of an Australian Government or state government department. They are typically responsible for the day-to-day actions of a department.
Shade tree
A shade tree is a large tree whose primary role is to provide shade in the surrounding environment due to its spreading canopy and crown, where it may give shelter from sunlight in the heat of the summer for people who seek recreational needs in urban parks and house yards, and thus, also protecting them from the sun's harmful UV rays.

Some of the most popular shade trees in temperate countries are oaks, plane trees, willows, birches, beeches, maples, ashes, lindens, and elms. In subtropical countries like Australia and India, figs are popular choices as shade trees. In tropical countries, trees such as some Erythrina and African tulip tree species are often planted as shade trees.

Ficus
Ficus (/ˈfaɪkəs/ or /ˈfiːkəs/) is a genus of about 850 species of woody trees, shrubs, vines, epiphytes and hemiepiphytes in the family Moraceae. Collectively known as fig trees or figs, they are native throughout the tropics with a few species extending into the semi-warm temperate zone. Many Ficus species are grown for their fruits, though only two species, the common fig (F. carica) and sycamore fig (F. sycomorus), are cultivated to any extent, with common fig being the type species and by far the most important. The fruit of most other species are also edible though they are usually of only local economic importance or eaten as bushfood. However, they are extremely important food resources for wildlife. Figs are also of considerable cultural importance throughout the tropics, both as objects of worship and for their many practical uses.
Doctors' Garden
The Doctors' Garden (Bulgarian: Докторска градина, Doktorska gradina) is a park in the Bulgarian capital Sofia between the Oborishte and Shipka streets. It is located behind the SS. Cyril and Methodius National Library and close to many of the historical monuments and state institutions in the capital.

The park is named after the monument of the fallen medics during the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878), most of whom worked for the mission of the Russian Red Cross Society and perished in the battles at Pleven, Plovdiv, Mechka and Shipka. The monument was constructed between 1883 and 1884 by the Russian architect of Czech origin Antoniy Osipovich Tomishko.

Pleven
Pleven (Bulgarian: Плèвен pronounced [ˈplɛvɛn]) is the seventh most populous city in Bulgaria. Located in the northern part of the country, it is the administrative centre of Pleven Province, as well as of the subordinate Pleven municipality. It is the biggest economic center in Northwestern Bulgaria. At the 2021 census its population was 89,823.

Internationally known for the siege of Plevna of 1877, today it is a major economic centre of the Bulgarian Northwest and Central North and the third largest city of Northern Bulgaria after Varna and Ruse.
Parornix carpinella
Parornix carpinella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is found from Sweden to the Pyrenees, Italy and Greece and from Great Britain to Russia.

The wingspan is 8–10 mm.

The larvae feed on Acer platanoides, Acer pseudoplatanus, Carpinus betulus, Carpinus orientalis and Ostrya carpinifolia. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

Ostrya carpinifolia
Ostrya carpinifolia, the European hop-hornbeam, is a tree in the family Betulaceae. It is the only species of the genus Ostrya that is native to Europe.

The specific epithet carpinifolia means "hornbeam-leaved", from carpinus, the Latin word for "hornbeam".