hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Italian irredentism in Nice
Italian irredentism in Nice was the political movement supporting the annexation of the County of Nice to the Kingdom of Italy.

According to some Italian nationalists and fascists like Ermanno Amicucci, Italian- and Ligurian-speaking populations of the County of Nice (Italian: Nizza) formed the majority of the county's population until the mid-19th century. However, Occitan nationalists and linguists argue that both Occitan and Ligurian languages were spoken in the County of Nice.

During the Italian unification, in 1860, the House of Savoy allowed the Second French Empire to annex Nice from the Kingdom of Sardinia in exchange for French support of its quest to unify Italy. Consequently, the Niçois were excluded from the Italian unification movement and the region has since become primarily French-speaking.

Occitan nationalism
Occitan nationalism is a social and political movement in Occitania. Nationalists seek self-determination, greater autonomy or the creation of a sovereign state of Occitania. The basis of nationalism is linguistic and cultural although currently the Occitan language is spoken by a minority within the language area. Therefore, it has minority language status under the law in France.
H. S. Wong
H. S. "Newsreel" Wong (1900 – March 9, 1981) was a Chinese newsreel photojournalist. He is most notable for Bloody Saturday, a photograph of a crying baby in Shanghai that he took during the Second Sino-Japanese War.

Wong was also known as Wang Haisheng (Chinese: 王海升) or Wang Xiaoting (Chinese: 王小亭). He owned a camera shop in Shanghai. For capturing moving images he used an Eyemo newsreel camera, and for still photography he used a Leica.

Newsreel
A newsreel is a form of short documentary film, containing news stories and items of topical interest, that was prevalent between the 1910s and the mid 1970s. Typically presented in a cinema, newsreels were a source of current affairs, information, and entertainment for millions of moviegoers. Newsreels were typically exhibited preceding a feature film, but there were also dedicated newsreel theaters in many major cities in the 1930s and ’40s, and some large city cinemas also included a smaller theaterette where newsreels were screened continuously throughout the day.

By the end of the 1960s television news broadcasts had supplanted the format. Newsreels are considered significant historical documents, since they are often the only audiovisual record of certain cultural events.
USNSCS Grayfox
The United States Naval Sea Cadet Ship (USNSCS) Grayfox (TWR-825) is a training ship, the largest owned by the United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps. It is homeported in Port Huron, Michigan and is used by the USNSCC for shipboard training.

Port Huron, Michigan
Port Huron is a city in and the county seat of St. Clair County, Michigan, United States. The population was 28,983 at the 2020 census. The city is bordered on the west by Port Huron Township, but the two are administered autonomously. The city is the largest in The Thumb area of Michigan, and principal community in the Blue Water Area, more recently rebranded as Michigan's Thumb Coast, for tourism purposes..

Port Huron is located along the source of the St. Clair River at the southern end of Lake Huron. The city is along the Canada–United States border and directly across the river from Sarnia, Ontario. The two cities are connected by the Blue Water Bridge at the eastern terminus of Interstate 69/Interstate 94. Port Huron has the easternmost point of land in the state of Michigan and is also one of the northernmost areas included in the Detroit–Warren–Dearborn Metropolitan Statistical Area (Metro Detroit).
Lucienne Day
Désirée Lucienne Lisbeth Dulcie Day OBE RDI FCSD (née Conradi; 5 January 1917 – 30 January 2010) was one of the most influential British textile designers of the 1950s and 1960s. Day drew on inspiration from other arts to develop a new style of abstract pattern-making in post-war British textiles, known as 'Contemporary' design. She was also active in other fields, such as wallpapers, ceramics and carpets.

Paul Klee
Paul Klee (German: [paʊ̯l ˈkleː]; 18 December 1879 – 29 June 1940) was a Swiss-born German artist. His highly individual style was influenced by movements in art that included expressionism, cubism, and surrealism.

Klee was a natural draftsman who experimented with and eventually deeply explored color theory, writing about it extensively. His lectures Writings on Form and Design Theory (Schriften zur Form und Gestaltungslehre), published in English as the Paul Klee Notebooks, are held to be as important for modern art as Leonardo da Vinci's A Treatise on Painting was for the Renaissance.

He and his colleague, Russian painter Wassily Kandinsky, both taught at the Bauhaus school of art, design and architecture in Germany. His works reflect his dry humor and his sometimes childlike perspective, his personal moods and beliefs, and his musicality.
Bo McCalebb
Lester "Bo" McCalebb (Macedonian: Лестер „Бо“ МекКејлеб; born May 4, 1985) is an American-Macedonian former professional basketball player. He represented the senior Macedonian national team internationally. Standing at 1.83 m (6 ft 0 in), he played at the point guard position. Born and raised in New Orleans, he attended the University of New Orleans. A two-time All-EuroLeague selection, McCalebb was part of the All-Tournament Team at EuroBasket 2011.

New Orleans Privateers men's basketball
The New Orleans Privateers men's basketball team represents the University of New Orleans in New Orleans, Louisiana, United States. The school's team currently competes as a member of the Southland Conference. They are currently led by head coach Stacy Hollowell and play their home games at Lakefront Arena.

Of the 13 head coaches in the history of UNO basketball, four of them are native Hoosiers: Ron Greene (1969-1976), Don Smith (1979-1985), Monte Towe (2001-2006) and Mark Slessinger (2011–2024)
Debra DiGiovanni
Debra DiGiovanni (born March 21, 1972) is a Canadian stand-up comedian originally from Tillsonburg, Ontario.

She is a frequent guest on the CBC Radio program The Debaters, for which she earned a Canadian Comedy Award nomination for writing. Her previous work includes being a regular contributor to Much’s Video on Trial series and its spinoff Stars on Trial, as well as a permanent panellist on The Comedy Network’s Canadian revival of Match Game, among other things.

Now (newspaper)
Now (styled as NOW), also known as NOW Magazine is an online publication based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Through most of its existence, Now was a free alternative weekly newspaper. Physical publication of Now was suspended in August 2022, amid the bankruptcy of its former owner Media Central Corporation, although some new content was still published to its website. In January 2023, it was announced that the publication will be acquired by journalist Brandon Gonez.
Trochoceras
Trochoceras is a genus of trochoidally coiled nautiloid cephalopods placed in the nautilid family Rutoceratidae that lived during the Middle and Late Devonian in what is now central Europe.

The Trochoceras shell is a narrow, smooth, offset gyrocone consisting of little more than a single whorl, trochoidally grown in the sense of left hand screw. The phragmocone, with chambers, is ovate in cross section; the body or living chamber, quadrangular, with two pairs of winglike processes, one at the aperture and one at its base.  The siphuncle is ventral, segments fusiform.

Trochoceras resembles the rutoceratid Ptenoceras except the latter has a planar gyroconic shell with narrow projections extending laterally from the body chamber.

Nautilida
The Nautilida constitute a large and diverse order of generally coiled nautiloid cephalopods that began in the mid Paleozoic and continues to the present with a single family, the Nautilidae which includes two genera, Nautilus and Allonautilus, with six species.  All told, between 22 and 34 families and 165 to 184 genera have been recognised, making this the largest order of the subclass Nautiloidea.
Il Paride
Il Paride is an opera in five acts composed by Giovanni Andrea Bontempi who also wrote the libretto. The first Italian-language opera to be given in Dresden, it was first performed on 3 November 1662 at the Dresden Castle to celebrate the marriage of Erdmuthe Sophie von Sachsen, the daughter of John George II, Elector of Saxony, and Christian Ernst, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth. The opera was revived on 21 June 2011 at the Potsdam Sanssouci Festival and on 24 August 2012 at the Tyrolean State Theatre as part of the Innsbruck Festival of Early Music.

Innsbruck Festival of Early Music
The Innsbruck Festival of Early Music (German: Innsbrucker Festwochen der Alten Musik)  is a festival of historically informed performances of music from the late Renaissance,  Baroque and early Classical periods which takes place annually in Innsbruck, Austria. It was founded in 1976.
Hypericum pseudohenryi
Hypericum pseudohenryi, called the Irish tutsan, is a species of flowering plant in the family Hypericaceae, endemic to China. The species has been awarded the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. It is invasive in South Africa.

Hypericaceae
Hypericaceae is a plant family in the order Malpighiales, comprising six to nine genera and up to 700 species, and commonly known as the St. John's wort family. Members are found throughout the world apart from extremely cold or dry habitats. Hypericum and Triadenum occur in temperate regions but other genera are mostly tropical.
Gertrude of Northeim
Gertrude of Northeim (also Gertrude of Nordheim) (c. 1090 – after 1154/before 1169), was a German noblewoman and regent.

She was the daughter of Henry, Margrave of Frisia. Gertrude was heiress of Bentheim and Rheineck. She married first Siegfried I of Weimar-Orlamünde and then Otto I, Count of Salm. She was regent of the County of Weimar-Orlamünde during the minority of her son Siegfried II of Weimar-Orlamünde in 1113-1115, and regent of the County of Bentheim on behalf of her daughter Sophia in 1150.

County of Bentheim
The County of Bentheim (German: Grafschaft Bentheim, Low German Benthem) was a state of the Holy Roman Empire, located in the south-west corner of today's Lower Saxony, Germany. The county's borders corresponded largely to those of the modern administrative district (Landkreis) of Grafschaft Bentheim.

Geographically, Bentheim is composed largely of fenland, and early settlement was concentrated along the banks of the rivers which pass through the county. Deposits of Bentheim sandstone formed the basis of a profitable export trade to other parts of present-day Germany and the Netherlands.
Sara Groves
Sara Groves (born Nancy Lee Colbaugh; September 10, 1972) is an American contemporary Christian singer, record producer, and author.

Groves received her Bachelor of Science degree in history and English in 1994 from Evangel University, a private Christian university in Springfield, Missouri. Groves spent four years teaching 
high school in Rosemount, Minnesota before recording her first album, Past the Wishing, in 1998. Since then, she has released nine additional albums and appeared on several others. Groves has been nominated for three Dove Awards, including New Artist of the Year in 2002 and Special Event Album of the Year 2003 by the Gospel Music Association. She was named one of the best Christian music artists of 2005 and the album, Add to the Beauty, was named Album of the Year for 2005 by CCM Magazine.

GMA Dove Award
A Dove Award is an accolade by the Gospel Music Association (GMA) of the United States to recognize outstanding achievement in the Christian music industry. The awards ceremonies presented annually and have been held in Nashville, Tennessee except in 2011 and 2012 when they were held in Atlanta, Georgia. The ceremonies feature live musical performances and are broadcast on TBN.

The awards were established in 1969 and represent a variety of musical styles including rock, pop, hip hop, country, and urban.
Exposure (infant)
In ancient times, exposure, or exposition (both ultimately  from the Latin expōnō, "to set forth, expose"), was a method of infanticide or child abandonment in which infants were left in a wild place either to die due to hypothermia, starvation, animal attack or to be collected by slavers or by those unable to produce children.

Following exposure, the infants usually died, were taken by slave traders, or were adopted by others.

Adoption
Adoption is a process whereby a person assumes the parenting of another, usually a child, from that person's biological or legal parent or parents. Legal adoptions permanently transfer all rights and responsibilities, along with filiation, from the biological parents to the adoptive parents.

Unlike guardianship or other systems designed for the care of the young, adoption is intended to effect a permanent change in status and as such requires societal recognition, either through legal or religious sanction. Historically, some societies have enacted specific laws governing adoption, while others used less formal means (notably contracts that specified inheritance rights and parental responsibilities without an accompanying transfer of filiation). Modern systems of adoption, arising in the 20th century, tend to be governed by comprehensive statutes and regulations.
Randy Rasmussen (American football, born 1945)
Randall Lee Rasmussen (born May 10, 1945) is an American former professional football guard who played for 15 seasons with the New York Jets of the American Football League (AFL) and later National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Nebraska–Kearney Lopers and was selected 302nd overall by the Jets in the 12th round of the 1967 NFL/AFL draft. Rasmussen played for the Jets in the 1968 AFL Championship Game victory over the Oakland Raiders. He started in the Super Bowl III, in which the Jets defeated the Baltimore Colts.

He was the last of the starting Jets players in the game to retire, playing his final game in the 1981 playoffs against the Buffalo Bills.

Rasmussen is one of five professional football players in history who attended the University of Nebraska at Kearney. He was the only one of those five to be selected in the NFL draft.

Nebraska–Kearney Lopers football
The Nebraska–Kearney Lopers football program represents the University of Nebraska at Kearney in college football and competes in the NCAA Division II. In 2012, Nebraska–Kearney became a member of the Mid-America Intercollegiate Athletics Association. UNK's home games are played at Ron & Carol Cope Stadium in Kearney, Nebraska.
J. Alfred Broaddus
John Alfred Broaddus Jr. (July 8, 1939 – October 26, 2025) was an American banker and the sixth president of the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, headquarters of the Fifth District of the Federal Reserve System serving the District of Columbia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and most of West Virginia with the exception of the Northern Panhandle.

Broaddus succeeded Robert P. Black and served as the Richmond Fed's president from January 1, 1993, until his retirement on July 31, 2004. He was succeeded as president by Jeffrey M. Lacker.

University of Richmond
The University of Richmond (UR or U of R) is a private liberal arts college in Richmond, Virginia, United States. It is a primarily undergraduate, residential institution with approximately 3,900 undergraduate and graduate students in five schools: the School of Arts and Sciences; the E. Claiborne Robins School of Business; the Jepson School of Leadership Studies; the University of Richmond School of Law; and the School of Professional & Continuing Studies. It is classified among "Baccalaureate Colleges: Arts & Sciences Focus".

The university's athletics teams are known as the "Richmond Spiders," after the university's distinctive mascot. A participant in the U.S. Navy's V-12 Navy College Training Program during World War II, Richmond commissions U.S. Army officers through its ROTC program, which is partnered with Hampden-Sydney College and Longwood University in Farmville, Virginia.
Santa Clara, Utah
Santa Clara is a city in Washington County, in southwestern Utah, (Western United States) and is a part of the St. George Metropolitan Area. As of the 2020 census, Santa Clara had a population of 7,553. The region and county borders the states of Arizona to the south and Nevada to the west. The town is a western suburb of the nearby county seat and larger city of St. George, Utah

Utah Territory
The Territory of Utah was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from September 9, 1850, until January 4, 1896, when the final extent of the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Utah, the 45th state.  At its creation, the Territory of Utah included all of the present-day State of Utah, most of the current state of Nevada save for a portion of Southern Nevada (including the metro area of the city of Las Vegas), much of modern western Colorado, and the extreme southwest corner of present-day Wyoming.
Lawhorn
Lawhorn is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Geraldine Lawhorn (1916–2016), American deaf-blind advocate, performer, actress and pianist

JJ Lawhorn (born 1993), American country music singer-songwriter

Joseph Lawhorn, United States Army military chaplain

Sammy Lawhorn (1935–1990), American Chicago blues guitarist

Geraldine Lawhorn
Geraldine Jerrie Lawhorn (December 31, 1916 – July 3, 2016) was an American deafblind performer, actress, pianist, and educator. She taught at the Hadley Institute for the Blind and Visually Impaired and was a prominent figure in the deafblind community. At 67 years old, she became the first deafblind African American in the United States to earn a college degree.
Alessandro Orsini (sociologist)
Alessandro Orsini (born 14 April 1975) is an Italian sociologist and scholar of terrorism who is an associate professor at LUISS University. He is the author of several works, most notably L'eretico della sinistra (2004), Anatomy of the Red Brigades (2009), and Sacrifice: My Life in a Fascist Militia (2017), attracting both praise and criticism. In the 2020s, he attracted controversy for his views over the Russian invasion of Ukraine and the broader Russo-Ukrainian war.

Cornell University Press
The Cornell University Press is the university press of Cornell University, an Ivy League university in Ithaca, New York. It is currently housed in Sage House, the former residence of Henry William Sage.
Deoxycytidine
Deoxycytidine is a deoxyribonucleoside, a component of deoxyribonucleic acid. It is similar to the ribonucleoside cytidine, but with one hydroxyl group removed from the C2' position. Deoxycytidine can be phosphorylated at C5' of the deoxyribose by deoxycytidine kinase, converting it to deoxycytidine monophosphate (dCMP), a DNA precursor. dCMP can be converted to dUMP and dTMP.

Doxecitine is the international nonproprietary name.

Deoxyribose
Deoxyribose, or more precisely 2-deoxyribose, is a monosaccharide with idealized formula H−(C=O)−(CH2)−(CHOH)3−H. Its name indicates that it is a deoxy sugar, meaning that it is derived from the sugar ribose by loss of a hydroxy group. Discovered in 1929 by Phoebus Levene, deoxyribose is most notable for its presence in DNA. Since the pentose sugars arabinose and ribose only differ by the stereochemistry at C2′, 2-deoxyribose and 2-deoxyarabinose are equivalent, although the latter term is rarely used because ribose, not arabinose, is the precursor to deoxyribose.
2023 Lincoln, Nebraska mayoral election
The 2023 Lincoln, Nebraska mayoral election was held on May 2, 2023, to determine the mayor of Lincoln, Nebraska. It was preceded by a primary election on April 4 where the top two vote-getters, regardless of party affiliation, advanced to the general election. Incumbent Democratic mayor Leirion Gaylor Baird ran for reelection to a second term in office, and was re-elected. The election was officially nonpartisan.

Nonpartisanship
Nonpartisanship, also known as nonpartisanism, is a lack of affiliation with a political party and a lack of political bias.

While an Oxford English Dictionary definition of partisan includes adherents of a party, cause, person, etc., in most cases, nonpartisan refers specifically to political party connections rather than being the strict antonym of "partisan".
Sidney-Black Hills Trail
The Sidney Black Hills Stage Road or Route was a trail connecting Sidney, Nebraska, Sidney Barracks, and the Union Pacific Railroad with Fort Robinson, Red Cloud Agency, Spotted Tail Agency, Custer City, Dakota Territory, and Deadwood, Dakota Territory between 1876 and 1887, when it was replaced.

It competed with the Cheyenne Black Hills Stage Route to supply the gold mining fields of the Black Hills prior to the construction of the Cowboy Line railroad in Northern Nebraska in 1887, which linked the Black Hills by rail to the rest of the world.

The trail went north from Sidney past Courthouse and Jail Rocks to present-day Bridgeport, Nebraska where it crossed the North Platte River via the Clarke Bridge to present-day Northport, Nebraska, Red Willow, Running Water (on the Niobrara River), Red Cloud Agency, and eventually on two separate branches; one to Deadwood and one via Four Mile to Custer City.

Custer City, Oklahoma
Custer City is a town in Custer County, Oklahoma, United States. Custer City is northeast of Clinton and northwest of Weatherford along Oklahoma 33.  The population was 367 at the time of the 2020 census.

Custer City was originally known as Graves, and a post office was established there on January 22, 1894.  The post office changed its name to Custer City on September 28, 1904, in honor of Lt. Col. George Armstrong Custer.
1989 Internationaux de Strasbourg – Doubles
Manon Bollegraf and Nicole Provis were the defending champions but they competed with different partners that year, Bollegraf with Eva Pfaff and Provis with Elna Reinach.

Bollegraf and Pfaff lost in the first round to Jo-Anne Faull and Rachel McQuillan.

Provis and Reinach lost in the quarterfinals to Neige Dias and Adriana Villagrán.

Mercedes Paz and Judith Wiesner won in the final 6–3, 6–3 against Lise Gregory and Gretchen Magers.

Gretchen Rush
Gretchen Anne Rush (born February 7, 1964), also known by her married name Gretchen Magers, is a former professional tennis player from the United States who was active in the 1980s and early 1990s.

Rush played tennis at Trinity University in San Antonio, Texas from 1983 to 1986, where she was a four-time All-American. While at Trinity, she won the Broderick Award (now the Honda Sports Award) as the nation's top collegiate tennis player in 1986.

During her career, Rush reached the singles quarter-finals at Wimbledon, the US Open and the French Open. She won three top-level singles titles: Auckland in 1987, Schenectady in 1988, and Moscow in 1989, and she reached a career-high singles ranking of no. 22 on March 12, 1990. She was runner-up in the 1988 mixed doubles at Wimbledon, partnering Kelly Jones.

Rush retired from the professional tour in 1992, but has continued to play in seniors events.

In 2016, she was inducted into the Women's Collegiate Tennis Hall of Fame.