hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Steve Carlip
Steven Jonathan Carlip (born 1953) is an American professor of physics at the University of California, Davis. He is known for his work on  (2+1)-dimensional quantum gravity, the quantum gravitational basis of black hole thermodynamics, and causal dynamical triangulations. Carlip graduated from Harvard University with a Bachelor of Arts in physics in 1975. In 1987, he graduated from the University of Texas at Austin, with a Doctor of Philosophy under the direction of Bryce DeWitt. After a post-doctoral period at Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, he has been teaching—since 1990—at the University of California, Davis.

Carlip was one of the recipients of the Department of Energy Outstanding Junior Investigator Award in the year 1991.

Causal dynamical triangulation
Causal dynamical triangulation (CDT), theorized by Renate Loll, Jan Ambjørn and Jerzy Jurkiewicz, is an approach to quantum gravity that, like loop quantum gravity, is background independent.

This means that it does not assume any pre-existing arena (dimensional space) but, rather, attempts to show how the spacetime fabric itself evolves.

There is evidence that, at large scales, CDT approximates the familiar 4-dimensional spacetime but shows spacetime to be 2-dimensional near the Planck scale, and reveals a fractal structure on slices of constant time. These interesting results agree with the findings of Oliver Lauscher and Martin Reuter, who use an approach called quantum Einstein gravity (QEG), and with other recent theoretical work.
Annayyagari Sai Prathap
Annayyagari Sai Prathap (born 20 September 1944) is an Indian politician from Andhra Pradesh. He represented Rajampet in the Lok Sabha from 1989 until 1999 and again from 2004 until 2014. During his last term, he served as Minister of State for Steel for almost two years and Minister of State for Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises for six months in the second Manmohan Singh ministry.

Union Council of Ministers
The Union Council of Ministers is the principal executive organ of the Government of India, which serves to aid and advise the President of India in execution of their functions. It is chaired by the Prime Minister of India and consists of the heads of each of the executive government ministries. Currently, the council is headed by Narendra Modi and consists of 71 fellow members. The council is answerable to the Lok Sabha.

A smaller executive body called the Union Cabinet is the supreme decision-making body in India; it is a subset of the Union Council of Ministers who hold important portfolios and ministries of the government.
Joseph Paul Jernigan
Joseph Paul Jernigan (January 31, 1954 – August 5, 1993) was a Texas murderer who was executed by lethal injection on August 5, 1993 at 12:31 a.m.

In 1981, Jernigan was found guilty of "cold-blooded murder" and sentenced to death for killing Edward Hale, a 75-year-old homeowner who discovered Jernigan and his accomplice, Roy Lamb, as they were burglarizing his home.

Jernigan spent 12 years in prison before his final plea for clemency was denied. At the prompting of a prison chaplain, he agreed to donate his body for scientific research or medical use. After execution, his cadaver was sectioned and photographed for the Visible Human Project and the University of Colorado School of Medicine by Dr. Vic Spitzer and associates. He is the subject of an HBO documentary Virtual Corpse and also appeared on the British video game TV series GamesMaster's gore special.

Jernigan had no last words.

Lamb pleaded guilty to murder, received a 30-year sentence, and was paroled in 1991.

University of Colorado School of Medicine
The University of Colorado School of Medicine is the medical school of the University of Colorado system. It is located at the Anschutz Medical Campus in Aurora, Colorado, one of the four University of Colorado campuses, six miles east of downtown Denver at the junction of Interstate 225 and Colfax Avenue.
Ostend, New Zealand
Ostend is a settlement on Waiheke Island, in New Zealand's Hauraki Gulf within the Auckland Region. Ostend is located in the west of the island, on and around a small peninsula which juts into Putiki Bay, one of two large indentations in the island's southwest coast. The southwest of the island contains much of the island's population, with Ostend being located immediately to the east of the settlement of Surfdale, and to the southwest of Onetangi.

Ostend is connected to Surfdale by a causeway which crosses the western arm of Putiki Bay. The area is used by boatsmen who moor their boats on the beach, as it is easy to access from the mainland marina at Half Moon Bay. Ostend is home to the island's only supermarket (Countdown), a branch office of the Auckland council, the island's Baptist church, and a medical centre. It is known as the industrial area of the island.

Countdown (supermarket)
Countdown was an Australian-owned New Zealand full-service supermarket chain and subsidiary of Woolworths New Zealand, itself a subsidiary of Australia's Woolworths Group. It was one of two supermarket chains in New Zealand, the other being Foodstuffs.

Until the brand's rebranding, there were 194 Countdown stores, with 61 in Auckland.

In July 2023, the company announced that all Countdown stores would be rebranded back to Woolworths, the name of the parent company and name of the supermarket used in Australia. The rebrand came into effect from early 2024 with signage changing over the following two years.
Hubbard, Dodge County, Wisconsin
See also Hubbard, Rusk County, Wisconsin.

Hubbard is a town in Dodge County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 1,643 at the 2000 census. The unincorporated community of Neda is located in the town. The town is named for Henry Hubbard, the governor of New Hampshire from 1842 to 1844.

Henry Hubbard
Henry Hubbard (May 3, 1784 – June 5, 1857) was a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1829 to 1835, a Senator from New Hampshire during 1835 to 1841, and the 18th governor of New Hampshire from 1842 to 1844.
Ordnance Annex
Ordnance Annex is a US naval base in the United States territory of  Guam. It used to be known as Naval Magazine, Guam. The base is on the south-central section of the island. It occupies an area of 8,800 acres (36 km2).

The entirety of the man-made Fena Lake, which provides drinking water to the southern part of the island, is within the boundaries of Ordnance Annex. It is the original location of the latte stones relocated to Latte Stone Park in Hagåtña.

Military base
A military base is a facility directly owned and operated by or for the military or one of its branches that shelters military equipment and personnel, and facilitates training and operations. A military base always provides accommodations for one or more units, but it may also be used as a command center, training ground or proving ground. In most cases, military bases rely on outside help to operate. However, certain complex bases are able to endure on their own for long periods because they are able to provide food, drinking water, and other necessities for their inhabitants while under siege. Bases for military aviation are called air bases. Bases for military ships are called naval bases.
Diocese of Quimper
The Diocese of Quimper (–Cornouaille) and Léon (Latin: Dioecesis Corisopitensis (–Cornubiensis) et Leonensis; French: Diocèse de Quimper (–Cornouaille) et Léon) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in France. In 1853, the name was changed from the Diocese of Quimper (–Cornouaille) to the Diocese of Quimper (–Cornouaille) and Léon.

Originally established in the 5th century, the diocese was dismantled during the anti-clericalism of the French Revolution. It was restored by the Concordat of 1801, as the combination of the Dioceses of Quimper, Saint-Pol-de-Léon and Tréguier in Brittany, France. Traditionally, it formed part of Lower Brittany; today's diocese is coextensive with the Department of Finistère.

The diocese is a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Rennes, Dol, and Saint-Malo. The current bishop is Laurent Marie Bernard Dognin.

Lower Brittany
Lower Brittany (Breton: Breizh-Izel; French: Basse-Bretagne) denotes the parts of Brittany west of Ploërmel, where the Breton language has been traditionally spoken, and where the culture associated with this language is most prolific. The name is in distinction to Upper Brittany, the eastern part of Brittany, which is of a predominantly Romance culture.
Tomasz Szczerba
Tomasz Szczerba (born November 2, 2004) is a Canadian professional ice hockey forward currently playing for the Podhale Nowy Targ team in the Polska Hokej Liga. He was born in Toronto, Canada, to Polish parents.

Before playing for Podhale Nowy Targ, he played in the Quebec Maritimes Junior Hockey League and the German junior league. During this period he scored six points, which was four more points than any other U20 skaters for that season.

He transferred to Podhale Nowy Targ in November 2023 as a forward. In May 2024, Benjamin Krzywicki, from Polish Puck, included him in his top 10 reasons to be excited about Polish hockey in 2024. During his first season in the team on the Polska Hokej Liga, he played 29 matches, scored 2 goals and had 5 assists. For the local Podhale League, he played 9 matches, scored 8 goals and had six assists.

Point (ice hockey)
In ice hockey, a player is credited with one point for either a goal or an assist.

The total number of goals plus assists equals total points. In the National Hockey League (NHL), the Art Ross Trophy is awarded to the player who leads the league in points at the end of the regular season.
Duke Ai of Lu
Duke Ai of Lu (Chinese: 魯哀公; pinyin: Lǔ Āi Gōng, died 468 BC) was a ruler of the State of Lu during the Spring and Autumn period of ancient China. His ancestral name was Ji (姬), given name Jiang (將), and Duke Ai was his posthumous title.

Spring and Autumn period
The Spring and Autumn period (c. 770 – c. 481 BCE) was a period in Chinese history corresponding roughly to the first half of the Eastern Zhou (c. 771 – 256 BCE), characterized by the gradual erosion of royal power as local lords nominally subject to the Zhou exercised increasing political autonomy. The period's name derives from the Spring and Autumn Annals, a chronicle of the state of Lu between 722 and 481 BCE, which tradition associates with Confucius (551–479 BCE).

During this period, local polities negotiated their own alliances, waged wars against one another, up to defying the king's court in Luoyi. The gradual Partition of Jin, one of the most powerful states, is generally considered to mark the end of the Spring and Autumn period and the beginning of the Warring States period. The periodization dates to the late Western Han (c. 48 BCE – 9 CE).
Nepal Swimming Association
The Nepal Swimming Association (NSA) is the national governing body for aquatic sports in Nepal. Legally, it is a non-profit association registered under National Sports Council (Nepal) The federation holds elections for its office bearers every five years.The NSA currently oversees competition in the sports of swimming, masters swimming, synchronized swimming, diving, high diving, and water polo. It is affiliated to FINA, and the Asia Swimming Federation (AASF).

The NSA organizes various competitions annually, with the Nepal Aquatics Championship standing as the premier aquatic event in Nepal.

High diving
High diving is the act of diving into water from relatively great heights. High diving can be performed as an adventure sport (as with cliff diving), as a performance stunt (as with many records attempts), or competitively during sporting events.

It debuted at a FINA event at the 2013 World Aquatics Championships in Barcelona, after the sport was added to the federation's list of disciplines. In the world championships, men jump from a 27-metre-high (89 ft) platform while women jump from a 20-metre-high (66 ft) platform. In other official competitions, men generally dive from a height of 22–27 metres (72–89 ft) while women dive from a height of 18–23 metres (59–75 ft). The sport is unique in that athletes are often unable to practice in an authentic environment until the days leading up to a competition. High divers have achieved speeds of descent of 96 kilometres per hour (60 mph).
Bacteroid-trp RNA motif
The Bacteroid-trp RNA motif is a conserved RNA element detected by bioinformatics.  It is found in the phylum Bacteroidota in the apparent 5' untranslated regions of genes that encode enzymes used in the synthesis of the amino acid tryptophan.  A short open reading frame is found within the motif that encodes at least two tryptophan codons.  Similar motifs have been identified regulating tryptophan genes in Pseudomonadota (see trp operon), but not in Bacteroidota. However, the Bacteroid-trp RNA motif likely operates via the same mechanism of attenuation.

Bacteroidota
The phylum Bacteroidota (synonym Bacteroidetes) is composed of three large classes of Gram-negative, nonsporeforming, anaerobic or aerobic, and rod-shaped bacteria that are widely distributed in the environment, including in soil, sediments, and sea water, as well as in the guts and on the skin of animals.

Although some Bacteroides spp. can be opportunistic pathogens, many Bacteroidota are symbiotic species highly adjusted to the gastrointestinal tract. Bacteroides are highly abundant in intestines, reaching up to 1011 cells g−1 of intestinal material. They perform metabolic conversions that are essential for the host, such as degradation of proteins or complex sugar polymers. Bacteroidota colonize the gastrointestinal tract already in infants, as non-digestible oligosaccharides in mother milk support the growth of both Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium spp. Bacteroides spp. are selectively recognized by the immune system of the host through specific interactions.
Blatná Uplands
The Blatná Uplands (Czech: Blatenská pahorkatina) are uplands and a geomorphological mesoregion of the Czech Republic. It is located mostly in the Plzeň and South Bohemian regions. It is named after the town of Blatná.

Geomorphological division of the Czech Republic
In terms of geomorphological division, the Czech Republic is a very diverse territory, located in the territory of four geomorphological provinces within four geomorphological subsystems. The Bohemian Massif within the sub-system of Hercynian Forest forms three quarters of the country. The southeastern and eastern part of the Czech territory belongs to the Western Carpathians within the Carpathian Mountains. The remaining two provinces, Western Pannonian Plain within the Pannonian Basin and North European Plain within the European Plain, cover only a small part of the Czech territory in the southeast and northeast.

The provinces are further subdivided into subprovinces, macroregions, mesoregions, microregions and areas. The generally accepted division of the relief of the Czech Republic into subprovinces, macroregions and mesoregions is given below.
Portrait of John Adams (Trumbull)
Portrait of John Adams is a 1793 portrait painting by the American artist John Trumbull depicting the lawyer,  politician and Founding Father of the United States John Adams. Trumbull was celebrated for his history paintings featuring scenes from the American Revolutionary War.

Adams sat for him while serving as the first Vice President under George Washington. He is shown wearing the fashionable powdered wig of the era. Versions of the painting are now in National Portrait Gallery (United States) of the Smithsonian, the White House and Harvard University. Trumbull later drew on this likeness of Adams for his incorporation into his large crowd scene for Declaration of Independence.

National Portrait Gallery (United States)
The National Portrait Gallery (NPG) is an art museum in Washington, D.C., United States. Founded in 1962 and opened in 1968, it is part of the Smithsonian Institution. Its collections focus on images of American artists, politicians, scientists, inventors, activists, and performers who have contributed to the nation's history, development, and culture. Along with the Smithsonian American Art Museum, the museum is housed in the historic Old Patent Office Building.
Sural arteries
The sural arteries (inferior muscular arteries) are two large branches, lateral and medial, which are distributed to the gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris muscles. Sural means related to the calf.     The term applies to any of four or five arteries arising from the popliteal artery, with distribution to the muscles and integument of the calf, and with anastomoses to the posterior tibial, medial and lateral inferior genicular arteries.

Gastrocnemius muscle
The gastrocnemius muscle (plural gastrocnemii) is a superficial two-headed muscle. It is located superficial to the soleus in the posterior (back) compartment of the leg. It runs from its two heads just above the knee to the heel, extending across a total of three joints (knee, ankle and subtalar joints).

The muscle is named via Latin, from Greek γαστήρ (gaster) 'belly' or 'stomach' and κνήμη (knḗmē) 'leg', meaning 'stomach of the leg' (referring to the bulging shape of the calf).
Virendera Singh Pathania
Group Captain Virendera Singh Pathania, VrC, VM, was an Indian Air Force (IAF) fighter pilot reputed for making the first confirmed aerial dogfight kill of independent India when he shot down a Pakistan Air Force (PAF) Sabre Jet with his Folland Gnat on 4 September 1965. For this action, he was awarded the Vir Chakra.

On 14 December 1971, he was awarded the Vayu Sena Medal for his role as a commander. While working under him, twenty-six-year-old flying officer PVC Nirmal Jit Singh Sekhon single-handedly engaged with six Sabre Jets.  Pathania made another unconfirmed kill on 16 December 1971, the day Gen. Niazi, Commander of the Eastern Command of the Pakistan Army surrendered to Gen. Aurora in Bangladesh.

Flying officer
Flying officer (Fg Off or F/O) is a junior officer rank used by some air forces, with origins from the UK Royal Air Force. The rank is used by air forces of many countries that have historical British influence.

Flying officer is one rank above pilot officer and one below flight lieutenant.

It is equivalent to the rank of sub-lieutenant in the navy and lieutenant in other services.

The equivalent rank in the Women's Auxiliary Air Force was "Section Officer" before this organisation adopted common ranks with male officers.
Kleny
Kleny (Russian: Клены) or Klyony (Клёны) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.

Urban localities

Kleny (urban-type settlement), Saratov Oblast, a work settlement under the administrative jurisdiction of the town of oblast significance of Volsk in Saratov Oblast

Rural localities

Kleny, Rostov Oblast, a settlement in Gigantovskoye Rural Settlement of Salsky District in Rostov Oblast

Kleny (rural locality), Saratov Oblast, a rural locality classified as a railway station under the administrative jurisdiction of the town of oblast significance of Volsk in Saratov Oblast

Salsky District
Salsky District (Russian: Са́льский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the forty-three in Rostov Oblast, Russia. It is located in the south of the oblast. The area of the district is 3,499 square kilometers (1,351 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Salsk. Population: 107,795 (2010 Census);  49,343 (2002 Census); 45,908 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Salsk accounts for 56.9% of the district's total population.
Narayanapuram, Kanchipuram district
Narayanapuram is a southern suburb of Chennai, located in Kanchipuram district of Tamil Nadu state in peninsular India.

Narayanapuram is located at an altitude of about 29 m above the mean sea level with the geographical coordinates of 12°56′34″N 80°12′21″E﻿ / ﻿12.942800°N 80.205700°E﻿ / 12.942800; 80.205700.

There is a private Dental college and Hospital viz., Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital in Narayanapuram.

Narayanapuram Lake is a lake in the Narayanapuram area.

Kanchipuram district
Kanchipuram district is one of the 38 districts in the state of Tamil Nadu in India. The area comprising the present day Kancheepuram district was earlier a part of Chingleput district. The original Chingleput district was split in 1997 into form the present day Kanchipuram and Tiruvallur districts.

On 18 July 2019, Chengalpattu district was carved out of Kanchipuram district, with suburbs from Chengalpet towards Chennai under the district headquarters in Chengalpet. The separation came into effect from 29 November which was done by former Chief Minister Mr. Edappadi K Palaniswami.
Jody Kennedy
Jody Kennedy (born 8 July 1981) is an Australian actress. Along with an extensive list of theatre credits, including with the Bell Shakespeare Company, she appeared in the television drama headLand, as smart university student Maddie McKinnon.  She has also appeared in the short-lived Australian hidden camera show Monster House, Matthew Newton's feature film Three Blind Mice and the web series BedHead.

Bell Shakespeare
Bell Shakespeare is an Australian theatre company specialising in the works of William Shakespeare, his contemporaries and other classics. Founded by actor John Bell and based in Sydney, it is Australia's only national theatre company. Apart from a program of performances, the company also conducts learning programs.
Bounsall Super Prospector
The Bounsall Super Prospector is an American STOL homebuilt aircraft that was designed and produced by Bounsall Aircraft of Mesquite, Nevada, introduced in 1990s. When it was available the aircraft was supplied as a kit or in the form of plans for amateur construction.

Mesquite, Nevada
Mesquite is a city located in the northeast corner of Clark County, Nevada, United States adjacent to the Arizona state line and 80 miles (130 km) northeast of Las Vegas on Interstate 15. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 20,471. The city is located in the Virgin River valley adjacent to the Virgin Mountains in the northeastern part of the Mojave Desert. It is home to a growing retirement community, as well as several casino resorts and golf courses.
China Badminton Super League
The China Badminton Super League (CBSL) (Chinese: 中国羽毛球俱乐部超级联赛) is the prime National team competition for badminton players in China. The China Badminton Super League was re-launched in 2009 after a failing attempt seven years earlier. 
Liu Fengyan, director of the Table Tennis and Badminton Administration Center under China's State General Administration of Sport, announced the re-launch during the 50th anniversary meeting of the Chinese Badminton Association.

The China Badminton Super League (CBSL) has welcomed huge sponsorship deals hereby attracting top players from China and abroad to the participating teams.

Luo Ying
Luo Ying (Chinese: 骆赢; born 11 January 1991) is a Chinese badminton player. She specializes in doubles and partnered with her twin sister, Luo Yu. The twins competed at the 2016 Rio Summer Olympics but did not advance to the knock-out stage after placing third in the group stage.
Albert Marie Victor Lemée
Albert Marie Victor Lemée (1872 – 1961) was a French law graduate, zoologist, botanist and naturalist. He carried out important botanical explorations in French Guiana and present-day Vietnam. He worked for the French Ministry of the Colonies. A presidential decree appointing him an assistant inspector of colonies effective April 1, 1903 was not issued until April 4, 1903.

He died on May 22, 1961, in Rennes.

Minister of the Overseas
The Minister of the Overseas (French: Ministre des Outre-mer) is the official in charge of the Ministry of the Overseas in the Government of the French Republic, responsible for overseeing Overseas France. The office was titled Minister of the Colonies (Ministre des Colonies) until 1946.

The position is currently held by Naïma Moutchou in the government of Prime Minister Sébastien Lecornu with the title of Minister to the Prime Minister, in charge of the Overseas (Ministre auprès du Premier ministre, chargé des Outre-mer). She succeeded Manuel Valls on 12 October 2025.