hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
DAPI
DAPI (pronounced 'DAPPY', /ˈdæpiː/), or 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, is a fluorescent stain that binds strongly to adenine–thymine-rich regions in DNA.  It is used extensively in fluorescence microscopy. As DAPI can pass through an intact cell membrane, it can be used to stain both live and fixed cells, though it passes through the membrane less efficiently in live cells and therefore provides a marker for membrane viability.

Adenine
Adenine (symbol A, or Ade) is a  purine nucleotide base that is found in DNA, RNA, and ATP. Usually a white crystalline subtance. The shape of adenine is complementary and pairs to either thymine in DNA or uracil in RNA. In cells adenine, as an independent molecule, is rare. It is almost always covalently bound to become a part of a larger biomolecule.

Adenine has a central role in cellular respiration. It is part of adenosine triphosphate which provides the energy that drives and supports most activities in living cells, such as protein synthesis, chemical synthesis, muscle contraction, and nerve impulse propagation. In respiration it also participates as part of the cofactors nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, flavin adenine dinucleotide, and Coenzyme A.

It is also part of adenosine, adenosine monophosphate, cyclic adenosine monophosphate, adenosine diphosphate, and S-adenosylmethionine.
French Poets and Novelists
French Poets and Novelists is a book of literary criticism by Henry James published in 1878. The book collected essays that James had written over the preceding several years. From an early age James was fluent in French and read widely in the country's literature. These essays show a deep familiarity with the techniques and themes of many French writers. The book also includes an interesting essay on Russian novelist Ivan Turgenev, who James read in a German translation.

Ivan Turgenev
Ivan Sergeyevich Turgenev (/tʊərˈɡɛnjɛf, -ˈɡeɪn-/ toor-GHEN-yef, -⁠GAYN-; Russian: Иван Сергеевич Тургенев, IPA: [ɪˈvan sʲɪrˈɡʲe(j)ɪvʲɪtɕ tʊrˈɡʲenʲɪf]; 9 November [O.S. 28 October] 1818 – 3 September [O.S. 22 August] 1883) was a Russian novelist, short story writer, poet, playwright, translator and popularizer of Russian literature in the West.

His first major publication, a short story collection titled A Sportsman's Sketches (1852), was a milestone of Russian realism. His novel Fathers and Sons (1862) is regarded as one of the major works of 19th-century fiction.
Calliphon of Croton
Calliphon of Croton (Ancient Greek: Καλλιφῶν) (fl. 6th century BC), Magna Graecia, was a Pythagorean physician. He was apparently the chief priest at Croton and a man of great importance in civic affairs. Hermippus reports that he was an associate of Pythagoras, and he appears in Iamblichus's catalogue of Pythagoreans; thus he is one of the few Pythagoreans who can be dated from the time of Pythagoras. Josephus quotes Hermippus as saying that Pythagoras claimed that the soul of Calliphon of Croton used to remain at his side night and day, and that he used to utter the following advice: not to pass over a place where his donkey had stumbled, to drink only of clear fountain water, and to speak ill of no man. Herodotus, in telling the story of the physician Democedes of Croton, reports that Democedes was the son of Calliphon.

Iamblichus
Iamblichus (/aɪˈæmblɪkəs/ eye-AM-blik-əs; Ancient Greek: Ἰάμβλιχος, romanized: Iámblichos; Aramaic: 𐡉𐡌𐡋𐡊𐡅, romanized: Yamlīkū; c. 245 – c. 325) was a Syrian Arab Neoplatonist philosopher who determined a direction later taken by Neoplatonism. Iamblichus was also the biographer of the Greek mystic, philosopher, and mathematician Pythagoras. In addition to his philosophical contributions, his Protrepticus is important for the study of the sophists because it preserved about ten pages of an otherwise unknown sophist known as the Anonymus Iamblichi.
Finn Martin Vallersnes
Finn Martin Vallersnes (born 27 December 1945 in Haugesund) is a Norwegian politician for the Conservative Party.

He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Rogaland in 2001, and has been re-elected on one occasion. He had previously served in the position of deputy representative during the terms 1985–1989 and 1989–1993.

Vallersnes was a member of Haugesund municipality council from 1979 to 1991, and served as mayor from 1995 to 2001.

Rogaland
Rogaland (Norwegian: [ˈrûːɡɑlɑn] ⓘ) is a county in Western Norway, bordering the North Sea to the west and the counties of Vestland to the north, Telemark to the east and Agder to the east and southeast. As of 1 January 2024, it had a population of 499,417 people.

The administrative centre of the county is the city of Stavanger, which is the third largest city in Norway.
Hear Me Out (Exo song)
"Hear Me Out" is a song by South Korean–Chinese boy band Exo, released on June 30, 2023, by SM Entertainment as the second single from their seventh studio album, Exist. The song features the vocals of Exo's eight active members, including Kai who enlisted as a public service worker shortly before the song's release.

Conscription in South Korea
Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service. Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.
GDDR6 SDRAM
Graphics Double Data Rate 6 Synchronous Dynamic Random-Access Memory (GDDR6 SDRAM) is a type of synchronous graphics random-access memory (SGRAM) with a high-bandwidth, "double data rate" interface, designed for use in graphics cards, game consoles, and high-performance computing. It is a type of GDDR SDRAM (graphics DDR SDRAM), and is the successor to GDDR5. Just like GDDR5X it uses QDR (quad data rate) in reference to the write command clock (WCK) and ODR (Octal Data Rate) in reference to the command clock (CK).

Bandwidth (computing)
In computing, bandwidth is the maximum rate of data transfer across a given path. Bandwidth may be characterized as network bandwidth, data bandwidth, or digital bandwidth.

This definition of bandwidth contrasts with usage in signal processing, wireless communications, modem data transmission, digital communications, and electronics, in which bandwidth is used to refer to the signal bandwidth measured in hertz, meaning the frequency range between lowest and highest attainable frequency while meeting a well-defined impairment level in signal power. The actual bit rate that can be achieved depends not only on the signal bandwidth but also on the noise on the channel.
João Souza (fencer)
João Antônio de Albuquerque e Souza (born August 23, 1983 in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul) is a Brazilian foil fencer. Souza represented Brazil at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, where he competed in the individual foil event. He lost the first preliminary match to Japan's Yuki Ota, with a score of 4–15.

Souza also won a bronze medal for his category at the 2007 Pan American Games in Rio de Janeiro.

Foil (fencing)
A foil is one of the three weapons used in the sport of fencing. It is a flexible weapon of total length 110 cm (43 in) or under, rectangular in cross section, weighing under 500 g (18 oz), with a blunt tip. As with the épée, points are only scored by making contact with the tip. The foil is the most commonly used weapon in fencing.
Stephen Tibbo
Stephen A. Tibbo (born 1968) is a sound mixer who has worked in American Pie 2, Kiss Kiss Bang Bang, in addition to television shows including Modern Family, Ghost Whisperer, and Life. In addition, Tibbo did webisodes for the show Childrens Hospital, which won an Emmy". Since the early 1990s, Stephen Tibbo has "worked in both production and post production" and in "2007 Stephen built his own stage to do ADR and to mix film and television projects".

Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Sound Mixing for a Comedy or Drama Series (Half-Hour) and Animation
The Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Sound Mixing for a Comedy or Drama Series (Half-Hour) and Animation is an award handed out annually at the Creative Arts Emmy Awards.

In the following list, the first titles listed in gold are the winners; those not in gold are nominees, which are listed in alphabetical order. The years given are those in which the ceremonies took place:
Ohio State Route 147
State Route 147 (SR 147) is an east-west state highway in the eastern portion of the U.S. state of Ohio. Its eastern terminus is at State Route 7 near Bellaire, with its western terminus at SR 78 in Noble County, Ohio.  The highway passes near Senecaville Lake near Batesville.

Noble County, Ohio
Noble County is a county located in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2020 census, the population was 14,115, making it the fourth-least populous county in Ohio. Its county seat is Caldwell. The county is named for Rep. Warren P. Noble of the Ohio House of Representatives, who was an early settler there.
Cooper Mk.V
The Cooper Mk.V, is a series of three different Formula 3 cars, designed, developed and built by Cooper Cars in 1951. Like its predecessor, it used a 500 cc (31 cu in) JA Prestwich Industries (JAP) single-cylinder engine, or a 1,000–1,100 cc (61–67 cu in) JA Prestwich Industries (JAP) V-2 engine. The first version was the short-wheelbase Cooper T15; which featured a box-section chassis frame, detachable body panels, and a rack-and-pinion steering system. The second version was the long wheelbase Cooper T16, which featured a lengthened wheelbase to be able to equip the larger 1 L (61 cu in) engine. And the third and final version, the Cooper T17; which was a special streamliner version land speed record attempt car for speed record attempts, and sometimes, used for fast road racing circuits.

Single-cylinder engine
A single-cylinder engine, sometimes called a thumper, is a piston engine with one cylinder. This engine is often used for motorcycles, motor scooters, motorized bicycles, go-karts, all-terrain vehicles, radio-controlled vehicles, power tools and garden machinery (such as chainsaws, lawn mowers, cultivators, and string trimmers). Single-cylinder engines are made both as 4-strokes and 2-strokes.
England and Wales Cricket Board
The England and Wales Cricket Board (abbreviated as ECB) is the national governing body of cricket in England and Wales. It was formed on 1 January 1997 as a single governing body to combine the roles formerly fulfilled by the Test and County Cricket Board, the National Cricket Association and the Cricket Council. In April 1998 the Women's Cricket Association was integrated into the organisation. The ECB's head offices are at Lord's Cricket Ground in north-west London.

The board oversees all levels of cricket in England and Wales, including the national teams: England Men (Test, One Day International and T20I), England Women, England Lions (Men's second tier), Physical Disability, Learning Disability, Visually Impaired, and Deaf.

Although the organisation is the England and Wales Cricket Board, it is referred to as the ECB, as a result of a decision by those overseeing the transition from the previous bodies.

Sports governing body
A sports governing body is a sports organization that has a regulatory or sanctioning function.

Sports governing bodies come in various forms and have a variety of regulatory functions, including disciplinary procedure for rule infractions and deciding on rule
changes in the sport that they govern. Governing bodies have different scopes. They may cover a range of sport at an internationally acceptable level, such as the International Olympic Committee and the International Paralympic Committee, or only a single sport at a national level, such as the Rugby Football League. National bodies will largely have to be affiliated with international bodies for the same sport. The first international federations were formed at the end of the 19th century.
Dermaordinology
Dermaordinology (from Ancient Greek δέρμα (derma) “skin”, Latin ordināre, “to put in order” and Ancient Greek λόγος, “knowledge/study”) is a specialised field in cosmetics and medicine aimed at finding the optimal permanent solution to superficial skin defects, such as hypertrichosis, hirsutism, couperosis, acne, milia and fibromata. Combining findings from endocrinology and dermatology, dermaordinology serves as the basis for the development of innovative micro-surgical methods to safely and painlessly remove these defects without damaging the surrounding skin tissue.

Hypertrichosis
Hypertrichosis (sometimes known as werewolf syndrome or Ambras syndrome) is an abnormal amount of hair growth over the body. The two distinct types of hypertrichosis are generalized hypertrichosis, which occurs over the entire body, and localized hypertrichosis, which is restricted to a certain area. Hypertrichosis can be either congenital (present at birth) or acquired later in life. The excess growth of hair occurs in areas of the skin with the exception of androgen-dependent hair of the pubic area, face, and axillary regions.

Several circus sideshow performers in the 19th and early 20th centuries, such as Julia Pastrana, had hypertrichosis. Many of them worked as freaks and were promoted as having distinct human and animal traits.
Clear Light of Day
Clear Light of Day is a novel published in 1980 by Indian novelist and three-time Booker Prize finalist Anita Desai. Set primarily in Old Delhi, the story describes the tensions in a post-partition Indian family, starting with the characters as adults and moving back into their lives throughout the course of the novel. While the primary theme is the importance of family, other predominant themes include the importance of forgiveness, the power of childhood and the status of women, particularly their role as mothers and caretakers, in modern-day India.

In 2022, the novel was included on the "Big Jubilee Read" list of 70 books by Commonwealth authors, selected to celebrate the Platinum Jubilee of Elizabeth II.

Big Jubilee Read
The Big Jubilee Read is a 2022 campaign to promote reading for pleasure and to celebrate the Platinum Jubilee of Elizabeth II. A list of 70 books by Commonwealth authors, 10 from each decade of Elizabeth II's reign, was selected by a panel of experts and announced by the BBC and The Reading Agency on 18 April 2022.
Cover Plus
Cover Plus is the third album by English singer Hazel O'Connor, released in August 1981 by Albion Records. The album charted at number 32 on the UK Albums Chart. It was reissued on CD with bonus tracks on 17 November 2017 by Cherry Red Records.

Tony Visconti
Anthony Edward Visconti (born April 24, 1944) is an American record producer, musician and singer. Since the late 1960s, he has worked with an array of performers. His first hit single was T. Rex's "Ride a White Swan" in 1970, the first of many hits in collaboration with Marc Bolan. Visconti's lengthiest involvement was with David Bowie: intermittently from 1968 to his final album Blackstar in 2016, Visconti produced and occasionally performed on many of Bowie's albums. Visconti's work on Blackstar was awarded the Grammy Award for Best Engineered Album, Non-Classical and his production of Angelique Kidjo's Djin Djin received the Grammy Award for Best Contemporary World Music Album.
Hyundai i20
The Hyundai i20 is a supermini hatchback produced by Hyundai since 2008. The i20 made its debut at the Paris Motor Show in October 2008, and sits between the i10 and i30. The i20 replaces the Getz in nearly all of its markets, while several markets received the slightly larger Accent/Verna hatchback to replace it instead.

Currently, the largest markets for the i20 are Europe and India, with two different variations being developed to cater to each market.

2008 Paris Motor Show
The 2008 Paris Motor Show took place from 4 October to 19 October 2008, in Paris expo Porte de Versailles.

This edition of the Paris Motor Show featured a high number of hybrid and electric vehicles (EVs), that led a blogger with The New York Times to ask, "Who killed the non-electric cars?".
Andriy Mukhin
Andriy Mukhin (born 6 January 1971 in Kyiv, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union) is a Ukrainian luger who competed in the mid to late 1990s. Competing in two Winter Olympics, he earned his best finish of seventh in the men's doubles event at Nagano in 1998.

Nagano (city)
Nagano (長野市, Nagano-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [naꜜɡano, naɡanoꜜɕi]) is the capital and largest city of Nagano Prefecture, located in the Nagano Basin (Zenkoji Daira) in the central Chūbu region of Japan. Nagano is categorized as a core city of Japan. Nagano City is the highest prefectural capital in Japan, with an altitude of 371.4 meters (1,219 ft).

The city is surrounded by mountains, the highest of which is Mount Takatsuma (2,353 m), and it is near the confluence of the Chikuma River—the longest and widest river in Japan—and the Sai River. As of 1 July 2023, the city had an estimated population of 365,296 in 160,625 households, and a population density of 438 persons per km². The total area of the city is 834.81 square kilometres (322.32 sq mi).
Vasili Oshchepkov
Vasili Sergeyevich Oshchepkov (Russian: Васи́лий Серге́евич Още́пков; January 7, 1893 - October 10, 1937) was a Russian and Soviet researcher of different types of national wrestling and martial arts. He was ranked as a Merited Master of Sports of the USSR and an Honored Coach of the USSR. He was one of the founders of Sambo, a martial art developed in the Soviet Union. During the Great Purge, Oshchepkov was arrested in 1937 and accused of being a Japanese spy; he was executed in prison as a result.

Unified Sports Classification System of Russia
Unified All-Russian Sports Classification (Russian: Единая всероссийская спортивная классификация) is a system which regulates the Russian physical education system requirements for both athletes and coaches.
Zach Messinger
Zachary Joseph Messinger (born October 4, 1999) is an American professional baseball pitcher for the New York Yankees organization.

Messinger attended John H. Castle High School in Newburgh, Indiana, and the University of Virginia, where he played college baseball for the Virginia Cavaliers. He had a 5–3 win–loss record and a 4.42 earned run average in 51 appearances in his three seasons at Virginia. He helped the Cavaliers reach the 2021 College World Series.

The New York Yankees selected Messinger in the 13th round, with the 393rd overall selection, in the 2021 MLB draft. He signed with the Yankees, receiving a $225,000 signing bonus. He made his professional debut in 2022 with the Tampa Tarpons. He pitched for the Hudson Valley Renegades in 2023. In 2024, he pitched for the Somerset Patriots.

Hudson Valley Renegades
The Hudson Valley Renegades are a Minor League Baseball team based in Fishkill, New York. The High-A affiliate of the New York Yankees, the Renegades play in the South Atlantic League. The Renegades play their home games at Heritage Financial Park. From 1994 to 2020, the team competed in the Class A Short Season New York–Penn League.
Parrot (surname)
Parrot is the surname of:

André Parrot (1901–1980), French archaeologist

Carl Parrot (1867–1911), German physician and ornithologist

Friedrich Parrot (1791–1841), Baltic German naturalist, explorer and mountaineer

Georg Friedrich Parrot (1767–1852), Estonian scientist

Henry Parrot (fl. 1600–1626), English epigrammatist

Jean-Claude Parrot (born 1937), Canadian union leader

Kent Kane Parrot (1880–1956), American politician

Philippe Parrot (1831–1894), French painter

William Parrot (1878–1952), birth name of English music hall performer who used the stage name Talbot O'Farrell

Jean-Claude Parrot
Jean-Claude Parrot (born 24 July 1936) was the National President of the Canadian Union of Postal Workers between 1977 and 1992, and its chief negotiator for eighteen years. Parrot led the union through several national postal strikes and was responsible for cultivating the union's reputation as a militant organization that made pathbreaking gains in collective bargaining that would later be adopted by other unions.
Counter Terrorism Department (Kurdistan Region)
The Counter Terrorism Department (Kurdish: دژه‌ تیرۆری كوردستان, romanized: Dijê Tirorî Kurdistan, CTD) or Counter Terrorism Unit (CT Unit) is a hybrid special forces unit and investigative agency within the Kurdistan Region Security Council (KRSC) responsible for analyzing and combating domestic and international terrorism. It shares its intelligence with KRSC members, in particular the Chancellor, to support counter-terrorism efforts and "protect the interests of the Kurdistan Region."

Although the CTD is aligned with the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP), it frequently conducts joint operations with the Counter-Terrorism Group Kurdistan, affiliated with the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK), as well as with the Iraqi Counter-Terrorism Service across the Kurdistan Region and Iraq.

The CTD has also been described as a military "division" of the KRSC.

Romanization of Kurdish
The romanization of Kurdish language is the practice of transcribing the Kurdish, traditionally written in both Arabic and Latin scripts, into a standardized Latin alphabet. The development of Kurdish romanization systems supports the need for digital communication, linguistic research, and accessibility for Kurdish speakers and Kurdish speakers in diaspora communities. These systems strive to maintain phonetic precision and consistency across the diverse Kurdish dialects.
Evgenii Tiurnev
Evgenii Igorevich Tiurnev (Russian: Евгений Игоревич Тюрнев, IPA: [jɪvˈɡʲenʲɪj ˈtʲurnʲɪf]; born 8 April 1997) is a Russian tennis player. He has career-high rankings of World No. 265 in singles achieved on 14 February 2022 and No. 291 in doubles achieved on 30 April 2018.

He has won two ATP Challengers and 14 Futures titles in singles as well as one ATP Challenger and eleven Futures titles in doubles.

ITF Men's World Tennis Tour
The ITF Men's World Tennis Tour (formerly ITF Men's Circuit) is a series of professional tennis tournaments held around the world that are organized by the International Tennis Federation (ITF).  The tour represents the lowest rung of the men's professional tennis ladder.  ITF tournaments are incorporated into the ATP rankings, enabling young professionals to progress on to the ATP Challenger Tour and ultimately the full ATP Tour.  Nearly every professional male player has spent some time on the ITF Men's World Tennis Tour.
Dasht-e Naomid
Dasht-e Naomid (Persian: دشت ناامید), also Dasht-e Namid, Dasht-e Namadī, or Dasht-e Nāomīd, is a desert in Central Asia, on the Afghanistan-Iran border. It can also be considered part of the Dasht-e Kavir, a large desert in Iran. It occupies a broad intermontane depression east of the East Iranian Mountains. It is partly flooded by the Farah River and its tributaries. The surface is made up of clayey and solonchak plains with desert vegetation. Wormwood and saltwort groupings predominate, with thinned-out black-saksaul thickets in some places. Along the East Iranian Mountains is a strip of steppes. There is transhumant sheep raising and camel raising.

Solonchak
Solonchak (Russian and Ukrainian: Солончак) is a Reference Soil Group of the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB). It is a pale or grey soil type found in arid to subhumid poorly-drained conditions. The word is Russian for "salt marsh", which is in turn from the Russian sol (соль) "salt".