hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Šuto Orizari
Šuto Orizari (Macedonian: Шуто Оризариⓘ, Balkan Romani: Shuto Orizari, Albanian: Shutkë), often shortened as Šutka (Macedonian: Шутка, Albanian: Shutkë), is a neighbourhood in the City of Skopje, North Macedonia, and the seat of Šuto Orizari Municipality. It is often regarded as the cultural capital of the Romani people in North Macedonia. It is "the the only place in the world where Roma are organised politically and economically" according to president of Šutka's municipal council, Sead Ismail. An independent Romanistan (a state for the Romani people) was proposed here in the early 1990s by leaders of the Party for the Complete Emancipation of Roma.

Party for the Full Emancipation of the Roma of Macedonia
The Party for the Full Emancipation of the Roma of Macedonia (Macedonian: Партија за целосна еманципација на Ромите од Македонија, Partija za Celosna Emancipacija na Romite od Makedonija, PCERM) is a political party in North Macedonia representing the Roma minority.
Canton of Longjumeau
The canton of Longjumeau is an administrative division of the Essonne department, Île-de-France region, northern France. Its borders were modified at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Longjumeau.

It consists of the following communes:

Essonne
Essonne (French pronunciation: [ɛsɔn] ⓘ) is a department in the southern suburb part of the Île-de-France region. It is named after the river Essonne. In 2019, it had a population of 1,301,659, across 194 communes.

Essonne was formed on 1 January 1968, when Seine-et-Oise was split into smaller departments. Its prefecture is Évry-Courcouronnes. Its INSEE and postcode number is 91.
Fortson
Fortson is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Benjamin W. Fortson Jr. (1904–1979), American politician from Georgia

Benjamin W. Fortson IV, American linguist

Bettiola Heloise Fortson (1890–1917), poet, suffragist, and civil rights activist

Danny Fortson (born 1976), American basketball player

Jody Fortson (born 1997), American football player

Lucy Fortson, American astronomer

Sheila Fortson (born 1983), American television journalist, model, and writer

Bettiola Heloise Fortson
Bettiola Heloise Fortson (December 29, 1890 – April 13, 1917) was an African-American poet, essayist, activist and suffragist. Fortson was one of the first African-American people in the Midwestern United States to write and publish a book.
Self-loading rifle
A self-loading rifle or auto-loading rifle is a rifle with an action using a portion of the energy of each cartridge fired to load another cartridge. Self-loading pistols are similar, but intended to be held and fired by a single hand, while rifles are designed to be held with both hands and fired from the shoulder. Self-loading rifles include semi-automatic rifles and automatic rifles.

Shooting
Shooting is the act or process of discharging a projectile from a ranged weapon (such as a gun, bow, crossbow, slingshot, or blowpipe). Even the acts of launching flame, artillery, darts, harpoons, grenades, rockets, and guided missiles can be considered acts of shooting.  When using a firearm, the act of shooting is often called firing as it involves initiating a combustion (deflagration) of chemical propellants.

Shooting can take place in a shooting range or in the field, in shooting sports, hunting, or in combat.  The person involved in the shooting activity is called a shooter.  A skilled, accurate shooter is a marksman or sharpshooter, and a person's level of shooting proficiency is referred to as their marksmanship.
Bobby Haque
Eamin Haque Bobby, better known as Bobby Haque, is a Bangladeshi film actress, model and film producer. She made her acting debut in Khoj: The Search, released on 16 April 2010. Dehorokkhi (2013) helped her to be established as a star in the Dhallywood film industry.

Film industry
The film industry or motion picture industry comprises the technological and commercial institutions of filmmaking, i.e., film production companies, film studios, cinematography, animation, film production, screenwriting, pre-production, post-production, film festivals, distribution, and actors. Though the expense involved in making film almost immediately led film production to concentrate under the auspices of standing production companies, advances in affordable filmmaking equipment, as well as an expansion of opportunities to acquire investment capital from outside the film industry itself, have allowed independent film production to evolve.

In 2019, the global box office was worth $42.2 billion. When including box office and home entertainment revenue, the global film industry was worth $136 billion in 2018. Hollywood is the world's oldest national film industry, and largest in terms of box-office gross revenue.
William Wrigley III
William A. Wrigley III (January 21, 1933 – March 8, 1999), known as William Wrigley, was president of the Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company, founded by his grandfather William Wrigley Jr., from 1961 until his death from pneumonia in March 1999.  His father, P. K. Wrigley, preceded him as president. He was succeeded by his son Bill Wrigley Jr. as president and CEO.  He inherited ownership of the Chicago Cubs in 1977. Only a few months later, his mother died, saddling him with massive estate taxes. With most of his money tied up in the Wrigley Company and the Cubs, he eventually sold the Cubs to the Chicago Tribune in 1981 to pay off the tax bill.

After assuming the company's presidency in 1961, Wrigley maintained its position as the world's largest manufacturer of chewing gum by venturing into  Orbit, Freedent, Extra, Hubba Bubba, and Big Red.

Freedent
Freedent is a brand of chewing gum manufactured by Wrigley's, first introduced in 1975. It is marketed as the gum that "won't stick to most dental work (or braces)." Freedent currently comes in two flavors in the American market: Peppermint and Spearmint; in the past it also offered other flavors.

The Freedent brand is also used in France as a rebranding of Orbit/Extra. It launched there in 1987. It has also been marketed as such in the Netherlands.
Islam Hassan
Islam Hassan (Arabic: إسلام حسن) also known as Eslam Issa or Eslam Eissa (إسلام عيسى) (born 2 July 1988) is an Egyptian handball player for Saudi Arabian captains club Al-Wehda Club and the Egyptian national team. He has also played for clubs in Tunisia and Qatar.

Tunisian Handball League
The Tunisian Handball League or the National A is the top Tunisian professional handball. The league started in 1956, just after Tunisia had gained its independence. 12 teams participate in the league, which is the strongest in Africa. The Espérance Sportive de Tunis H.C is the most successful team, and the first team in the world to win a total of 36 titles in its national league, 15 of them consecutively. Club Africain H.C have won 13 titles. Both clubs focus on international competitions rather than the domestic league, however, since they make up the bulk of the national team.
Soil-transmitted helminth
The soil-transmitted helminths (also called geohelminths) are a group of intestinal parasites belonging to the phylum Nematoda that are transmitted primarily through contaminated soil. They are so called because they have a direct life cycle which requires no intermediate hosts or vectors, and the parasitic infection occurs through faecal contamination of soil, foodstuffs and water supplies. The adult forms are essentially parasites of humans, causing soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH), but also infect domesticated mammals. The juveniles are the infective forms and they undergo tissue-migratory stages during which they invade vital organs such as lungs and liver. Thus the disease manifestations can be both local and systemic. The geohelminths together present an enormous infection burden on humanity, amounting to 135,000 deaths every year, and persistent infection of more than two billion people.

Phylum
In biology, a phylum (/ˈfaɪləm/; pl.: phyla) is a level of classification, or taxonomic rank, that is below kingdom and above class. Traditionally, in botany the term division has been used instead of phylum, although the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants accepts the terms as equivalent. Depending on definitions, the animal kingdom Animalia contains about 32 phyla, the plant kingdom Plantae contains about 14 phyla, and the fungus kingdom Fungi contains about eight phyla. Current research in phylogenetics is uncovering the relationships among phyla within larger clades like Ecdysozoa and Embryophyta.
KATO (AM)
KATO (1230 AM) is a radio station broadcasting a News Talk Information format. Licensed to Safford, Arizona, United States, the station is currently owned by Reed Richins, through licensee Double-R-Communications LLC, and features programming from Westwood One and ESPN Radio.

KATO carries local high school sports and Eastern Arizona College football and basketball. The "voice" of Gila Valley sports is Lee Patterson, who has been on the mic at KATO since 2000.

Safford, Arizona
Safford (Western Apache: Ichʼįʼ Nahiłtį́į́) is a city in Graham County, Arizona, United States. According to the 2020 Census, the population of the city is 10,129. The city is the county seat of Graham County.

Safford is the principal city of the Safford Micropolitan Statistical Area, which includes all of Graham County.
Dimestore soldier
Dimestore soldier is a name first given by collector and author Don Pielin to American-made toy soldiers sold individually in five and dime stores from the 1930s to the 1950s before being replaced by plastic toy soldiers called army men. Though most figures were hollowcast metal, composition and plastic dimestore figures were also made. The popularity of the toy soldier reflected public interest in wars around the world and America's own military preparedness of the era. The largest dimestore companies are: Barclay, Manoil, Grey Iron, and Auburn.

Permanent mold casting
Permanent mold casting is a metal casting process that employs reusable molds ("permanent molds"), usually made from metal. The most common process uses gravity to fill the mold, however gas pressure or a vacuum are also used. A variation on the typical gravity casting process, called slush casting, produces hollow castings. Common casting metals are aluminium, magnesium, and copper alloys. Other materials include tin, zinc, and lead alloys and iron and steel are also cast in graphite molds.

Typical products are components such as gears, splines, wheels, gear housings, pipe fittings, fuel injection housings, and automotive engine pistons.
Counsell
Counsell is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Craig Counsell (born 1970), American baseball player

D'Arcy Argue Counsell Martin (1898–1992), Ontario lawyer and political figure

Duaine Counsell (1920–2012), American football and baseball coach

Elizabeth Counsell (born 1942), English actress

Eos Counsell (born 1976), Welsh violinist

Frank Counsell (1864–1933), Australian architect

Garth Counsell, South African Anglican archbishop

Harry Counsell (1909–1990), English footballer

John Counsell (pastor) (born 1959), Canadian broadcaster and pastor

John Counsell (theatre director) (1905–1987), English actor, director and theatre manager

Marilyn Trenholme Counsell (born 1933), Canadian Senator

Melanie Counsell (born 1964), Welsh filmmaker, installation artist and sculptor

Melanie Counsell
Melanie Counsell (born in 1964) is a British artist. She works with a multitude of media such as, sculpture, installation, 16 mm film, drawing, printed matter. Counsell has been resident at a range of art institutions, has undertaken roles in teaching and has won multiple awards for her works.
Portage Lake Observatory
The Portage Lake Observatory (PLO) was an astronomical observatory owned and operated by the University of Michigan (UM). It was located near the village of Dexter, Michigan (USA), about 20 kilometers (12 miles) northwest of Ann Arbor.  Construction at the site began in 1948, and the facility was closed in 1975.

Other observatories that UM has operated include the Detroit Observatory (Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1854), the Angell Hall Observatory (Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1927), the Lamont–Hussey Observatory (South Africa, 1928), the McMath–Hulbert Observatory (Lake Angelus, Michigan, 1930), and the Peach Mountain Observatory (Dexter, Michigan, 1955).

Observatory
An observatory is a location used for observing terrestrial, marine, or celestial events. Astronomy, climatology/meteorology, geophysics, oceanography and volcanology are examples of disciplines for which observatories have been constructed.

The term observatoire has been used in French since at least 1976 to denote any institution that compiles and presents data on a particular subject (such as public health observatory) or for a particular geographic area (European Audiovisual Observatory).
Citibank Uganda
Citibank Uganda, is a commercial bank in Uganda operating as a wholly owned subsidiary of New York–based Citigroup. It is one of the regulated banking institutions licensed by the Bank of Uganda, the national banking regulator.

Commercial bank
A commercial bank is a financial institution that accepts deposits from the public and gives loans to its clients to make a profit.

It can also refer to a bank or a division of a larger bank that deals with wholesale banking to corporations or large or middle-sized businesses, to differentiate from retail banks and investment banks. Commercial banks include private sector banks and public sector banks. However, central banks function differently from commercial banks, despite a common misconception known as the "bank analogy". Unlike commercial banks, central banks are not primarily focused on generating profits and cannot become insolvent in the same way as commercial banks in a fiat currency system.
Nikulitsa
Nikulitsa (Bulgarian: Никулица; Greek: Νικουλίτσας) was a noble from Larissa and governor of Servia during the reign of Samuil (r. 997–1014). Nikulitzas belonged to a prominent family in the city. In 980, Emperor Basil II had appointed his grandfather as leader (archon) of the Vlachs; a local ethnic group that was also at the center of the rebellion of 1066–1067. The leaders of that rebellion were all prominent men of Larissa, two of whom are specifically mentioned by Kekaumenos as being Vlachs; Slavota Karmalakis and a certain Beriboes (Berivoi).

Archon
Archon (Greek: ἄρχων, romanized: árchōn, plural: ἄρχοντες, árchontes) is a Greek word that means "ruler", frequently used as the title of a specific public office. It is the masculine present participle of the verb stem αρχ-, meaning "to be first, to rule" (see also ἀρχή "beginning, origin"), derived from the same root as words such as monarch and hierarchy.
Gyaho
In Tibetan cuisine, gyaho is a chafing dish in the Han Chinese style: a hot pot of vermicelli, kombu, mushrooms, meatballs, bamboo sprouts and salt. It has special significance, generally eaten by senior monks during important ceremonies.

Vermicelli
Vermicelli (/ˌvɜːrmɪˈtʃɛli, -ˈsɛli/, UK: /ˌvɛərmɪˈtʃɛli/; Italian: [vermiˈtʃɛlli]) is a type of pasta that is round in section, similar to spaghetti. In English-speaking regions, it is usually thinner than spaghetti, while in Italy it is thicker. It is typically made with semolina.
2003 Zhaosu earthquake
A Ms 6.1 earthquake struck the China–Kazakhstan border region on 1 December 2003 at 01:38 UTC. The epicenter was located in Raiymbek District, Almaty Region, Kazakhstan, just 2 km (1.2 mi) from the border with Zhaosu County, Xinjiang, China.

China–Kazakhstan border
The China–Kazakhstan border (Kazakh: Қазақстан–Қытай мемлекеттiк шекарасы, romanized: Qazaqstan–Qytai memlekettık şekarasy; Chinese: 中哈边界; pinyin: Zhōnghā biānjiè; Dungan: Җунгуй–Хазахстан бянҗе), also known as the Sino-Kazakh border, is the international border between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Kazakhstan.

The border line between the two countries has been largely inherited from the border existing between the Soviet Union and the PRC and, earlier, between the Russian Empire and the Qing Empire; however, it has been fully demarcated only in the late 20th and early 21st century. According to the international boundary commissions that have carried out the border demarcation, the border is 1,782.75 km (1,107.75 mi) long.
Makuyuni, Korogwe
Makuyuni  is a historic town and current ward  in Tanga Region's Korogwe District of Tanzania. The town along with Mazinde was a significant site in the Shambaa Kingdom of the Usambara mountain's historical context. The name Makuyuni  translates to "at the sycamore trees" in Swahili

Tanga Region
Tanga Region (Swahili: Mkoa wa Tanga) is one of Tanzania's 31 administrative regions. The region covers an area of 26,667 km2 (10,296 sq mi). The region is comparable in size to the combined land area of the nation state of Burundi. The regional capital is the municipality of Tanga city. Located in northeast Tanzania, the region is bordered by Kenya and Kilimanjaro Region to the north; Manyara Region to the west; and Morogoro and Pwani Regions to the south. It has a coastline to the east with the Indian Ocean. According to the 2022 national census, the region had a population of 2,615,597.
Sir George Thomas, 7th Baronet
Sir George Alan Thomas, 7th Baronet (14 June 1881 – 23 July 1972) was a British badminton, tennis and chess player. He was twice British chess champion and a 21-time All-England badminton champion. He also reached the quarterfinals of the singles and the semifinals of the men's tennis doubles at Wimbledon in 1911. Badminton's world men's team championships cup, equivalent to tennis' Davis Cup, is named Thomas Cup after him. Thomas lived most of his life in London and Godalming. He never married, so the hereditary Thomas baronetcy ended on his death.

Types of tennis match
Traditionally, tennis is played between two people in a singles match, or two pairs in a doubles match. Tennis can also be played on different courts, including grass courts, clay courts,  hard courts, and artificial grass courts.
Presolar grains
Presolar grains are any solid material formed before the coalescence of the Sun, the star at the center of the Solar System. This material is most frequently encountered as tiny grains incorporated whole into asteroids and comets. Presolar grains formed within the outflow of cooling gases from stars that predate the Sun, i.e., stars that came into being earlier than 4.6 billion years ago.

The stellar nucleosynthesis that took place within these stars lent distinct isotopic signatures to presolar grains, aiding their identification. These isotopic signatures often permit the identification of specific astrophysical nuclear processes different from any that have ever occurred in the Sun, proving the presolar origin of any grains bearing these isotopic ratios.

The study of presolar grains is the domain of cosmochemistry and meteoritics.

Secondary-ion mass spectrometry
Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a technique used to analyze the composition of solid surfaces and thin films by sputtering the surface of the specimen with a focused primary ion beam and collecting and analyzing ejected secondary ions. The mass/charge ratios of these secondary ions are measured with a mass spectrometer to determine the elemental, isotopic, or molecular composition of the surface to a depth of 1 to 2 nm. Due to the large variation in ionization probabilities among elements sputtered from different materials, comparison against well-calibrated standards is necessary to achieve accurate quantitative results. SIMS is the most sensitive elemental surface analysis technique, with elemental detection limits ranging from parts per million to parts per billion.
Rza Osmanov
Rza Fikrat oglu Osmanov (Azerbaijani: Rza Fikrət oğlu Osmanov; born 26 November 1983) is an Azerbaijani Paralympic athlete competing in the T12 category. He is a bronze medalist in the 400 meters at the 2008 Summer Paralympics and in the 4×100 meters relay at the 2012 Summer Paralympics. Osmanov won the 2012 IPC Athletics European Championships in the men's 4×100 meters relay. and earned a bronze medal in the long jump (T12 category) at the 2013 IPC Athletics World Championships.

In 16 February 2011, Osmanov was awarded the Taraggi Medal by the President of Azerbaijan for his contributions to the development of the Paralympic movement in Azerbaijan.

On 14 September 2012, he was awarded the Honorary Diploma of the President of Azerbaijan by a presidential decree.

President of Azerbaijan
The president of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan Respublikasının Prezidenti) is the head of state of the Republic of Azerbaijan. The Constitution states that the president is the embodiment of executive power, commander-in-chief, "representative of Azerbaijan in home and foreign policies", and "shall have the right of immunity [from prosecution]." The president rules through his executive office, the Presidential Administration, consisting of a group of secretaries and departmental ministers. Additionally, there is a Cabinet of Ministers regarding economic and social policy and a Security Council regarding foreign, military, and judicial matters.

The primary workplace is the presidential building (also known as the presidential apparatus) on Istiglaliyyat Street in Baku. Ilham Aliyev, son of the former president, Heydar, was elected the 4th and current president on 31 October 2003 after his father's resignation due to his deteriorating health.
The Belkin Tales
The Tales of the Late Ivan Petrovich Belkin (Russian: «По́вести поко́йного Ива́на Петро́вича Бе́лкина», 1831) is a series of five novelettes and a fictional editorial introduction by Russian author Aleksandr Pushkin. The five novelettes, while very different, are united by the image of their fictional author and occasional first-person narrator.

Table of Ranks
The Table of Ranks (Russian: Табель о рангах, romanized: Tabel' o rangakh) was a formal list of positions and ranks in the military, government, and court of Imperial Russia. Peter the Great introduced the system in 1722 while engaged in a struggle with the existing hereditary nobility, or boyars. The Table of Ranks was formally abolished on 11 November 1917 by the newly established Bolshevik government. During the Vladimir Putin  presidency, a similar formalized structure has been reintroduced into many governmental departments, combined with formal uniforms and insignia: Local Government, Diplomatic Service, Prosecution Service, Investigative Committee.
Favorite Channel
Favorite Channel is a channel in Southeast Alaska, northwest of Juneau, Alaska, United States. It is 25 kilometres (16 mi) long, extending northwest from Stephens Passage to Lynn Canal, separating Lincoln and Shelter islands from the mainland to the east. It was named in 1880 by U.S. Navy officers after the 80-foot (24 m) steamboat Favorite (built in 1874), which was chartered by the Navy for surveying work in Alaska, later being used to carry out trading and fishing for the herring plant at Killisnoo. The first European to traverse and chart the channel was Joseph Whidbey, master of HMS Discovery during George Vancouver's 1791–95 expedition, in 1794.

Southeast Alaska
57°34′48″N 135°29′14″W﻿ / ﻿57.58000°N 135.48722°W﻿ / 57.58000; -135.48722

Southeast Alaska, often abbreviated to southeast or southeastern, and sometimes called the Alaska(n) panhandle, is the southeastern portion of the U.S. state of Alaska, bordered to the east and north by the northern half of the Canadian province of British Columbia (and a small part of Yukon). The majority of southeast Alaska is situated in Tlingit Aaní, much of which is part of the Tongass National Forest, the United States' largest national forest. In many places, the international border runs along the crest of the Boundary Ranges of the Coast Mountains (see Alaska boundary dispute). The region is noted for its scenery and mild, rainy climate.

The largest cities in the region are Juneau, Sitka, and Ketchikan. This region is also home to Hyder, the easternmost town in Alaska.