hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Old Mandarin
Old Mandarin or Early Mandarin was the speech of northern China during the Jurchen-ruled Jin dynasty and the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty (12th to 14th centuries). New genres of vernacular literature were based on this language, including verse, drama and story forms, such as the qu and sanqu.

The phonology of Old Mandarin has been inferred from the ʼPhags-pa script, an alphabet created in 1269 for several languages of the Mongol empire, including Chinese, and from two rime dictionaries, the Menggu Ziyun (1308) and the Zhongyuan Yinyun (1324).  The rhyme books differ in some details but show many of the features characteristic of modern Mandarin dialects, such as the reduction and disappearance of final stops and the reorganization of the four tones of Middle Chinese. Zhuzi yulei (c.1270) is also believed to record a form of Early Mandarin in conversation.

Mandarin (late imperial lingua franca)
Mandarin (traditional Chinese: 官話; simplified Chinese: 官话; pinyin: Guānhuà; lit. 'official speech') was the common spoken language of administration of the Chinese empire during the Ming and Qing dynasties. It arose as a practical measure, due to the mutual unintelligibility of the varieties of Chinese spoken in different parts of China. Knowledge of this language was thus essential for an official career, but it was never formally defined. The language was a koiné based on Mandarin dialects. The southern variant spoken around Nanjing was prevalent in the late Ming and early Qing eras, but a form based on the Beijing dialect became dominant by the mid-19th century and developed into Standard Chinese in the 20th century. In some 19th-century works, it was called the court dialect.
CM postcode area
The CM postcode area, also known as the Chelmsford postcode area, is a group of 25 postcode districts in England, within 16 post towns. These cover central Essex (including Chelmsford, Harlow, Brentwood, Billericay, Braintree, Burnham-on-Crouch, Dunmow, Epping, Ingatestone, Maldon, Ongar, Southminster, Stansted and Witham), plus a small part of east Hertfordshire (including Bishop's Stortford and Sawbridgeworth) and a very small part of the London Borough of Havering.

The southern part of the CM7 district for Braintree was recoded to CM77 in 2002.

Stansted Mountfitchet
Stansted Mountfitchet, commonly known as Stansted, is a village and civil parish in the Uttlesford district of Essex, England. It lies 35 miles (56 km) north-east of London. It gives its name to London Stansted Airport, which is 2 miles (3 km) south-east from the village centre. The village is served by Stansted Mountfitchet railway station.

The village is situated in north-west Essex, near the county boundary with Hertfordshire and 3 miles (5 km) north of Bishop's Stortford. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 8,691 and the built up area had a population of 8,625.
Hani Hayajneh
Hani Hayajneh (born 1965 in Deir Al-Siʿneh, Jordan) is a professor of Ancient Near Eastern Languages and civilizations at Yarmouk University, Jordan. He is expert in the field of cultural heritage studies, especially the Intangible cultural heritage. His research focuses on areas including the cultural history and heritage of the Arabian Peninsula from ancient periods to modern times.  He represented Jordan on cultural heritage issues in the Intergovernmental Committee of the UNESCO Convention for Safeguarding Intangible Cultural Heritage.

Marburg University
Marburg University (German: Philipps-Universität Marburg) is a public research university located in Marburg, Germany. It was founded in 1527 by Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse, which makes it one of Germany's oldest universities and the oldest still operating Protestant university in the world. It is now a public university of the state of Hesse, without religious affiliation.

Marburg University has 21,162 students (2024/25) and is located in Marburg. It offers an International summer university programme and offers student exchanges through the Erasmus programme.
Pharmacognosy Communications
Pharmacognosy Communications is a peer-reviewed open-access pharmacy journal published by EManuscript Services on behalf of Pharmacognosy Network Worldwide. It is a quarterly publication edited by pharmacognosist Ian Edwin Cock, Griffith University, Australia. It publishes articles on the subjects of pharmacognosy, natural products, phytochemistry, and phytomedicine.

The journal is indexed with CAB Abstracts, Chemical Abstracts, EBSCO, Google Scholar, Index Copernicus, OpenJGate, ProQuest, and Ulrich's Periodicals Directory.

Phcog.net (Pharmacognosy Network Worldwide) appeared on Beall's list from October 2012 through September 12, 2015.

Pharmacognosy
Pharmacognosy is the study of crude drugs obtained from medicinal plants, animals, fungi, and other natural sources. The American Society of Pharmacognosy defines pharmacognosy as "the study of the physical, chemical, biochemical, and biological properties of drugs, drug substances, or potential drugs or drug substances of natural origin as well as the search for new drugs from natural sources".
Lilliput, Dorset
Lilliput is an area of Poole in Dorset, England. It borders Sandbanks, Canford Cliffs, Lower Parkstone, and Whitecliff and has a shoreline within Poole Harbour with views of Brownsea Island and the Purbeck Hills.

Well known residents have included modernist writer Mary Butts, a very young John le Carré and disc-jockey Tony Blackburn. Impresario Fred Karno who popularised the custard-pie-in-the-face comedy routine spent his last years in the village as a part-owner of an off-licence, bought with financial help from Charlie Chaplin, and died here in 1941 aged 75.

Lilliput is home to Evening Hill at the edge of Parkstone Bay, Salterns Marina, a hotel 'Salterns Harbourside', the Lilliput C of E Infants First School, and an Anglican church 'The Church of the Holy Angels'.

Brownsea Island
Brownsea Island is the largest of the islands in Poole Harbour, in the county of Dorset, England. The island is owned by the National Trust, with the northern half managed by the Dorset Wildlife Trust. Much of the island is open to the public and includes areas of woodland and heath with a wide variety of wildlife, together with cliff top views across Poole Harbour and the Isle of Purbeck.

The island was the location of an experimental camp in 1907 that preceded the publication of Scouting for Boys and The Scout magazine in 1908. Access is by public ferry or private boat; in 2017 the island received 133,340 visitors. The island's name probably comes from Old English Brūnoces īeg = "Brūnoc's island".
Jonathan M. Shiff
Jonathan Mark Shiff is an Australian television producer of television series. After leaving his work as a lawyer, he founded his own Melbourne-based production company, Jonathan M. Shiff Productions, in 1988. His company produces programs for children and families, which are screened in 170 countries. He is regarded in the industry as being known for discovering Australian talent who go on to successful international careers, such as Margot Robbie, Liam Hemsworth, Claire Holt, and Phoebe Tonkin.

Liam Hemsworth
Liam Hemsworth (born 13 January 1990) is an Australian actor. He played the roles of Josh Taylor in the soap opera Neighbours and Marcus in the children's television series The Elephant Princess. In American films, Hemsworth starred as Will Blakelee in The Last Song (2010), as Gale Hawthorne in The Hunger Games film series (2012–2015), and as Jake Morrison in Independence Day: Resurgence (2016).
Lorentz group
In physics and mathematics, the Lorentz group is the group of all Lorentz transformations of Minkowski spacetime, the classical and quantum setting for all (non-gravitational) physical phenomena. The Lorentz group is named for the Dutch physicist Hendrik Lorentz.

For example, the following laws, equations, and theories respect Lorentz symmetry:

The kinematical laws of special relativity

The local (differential) structure of general relativity

Maxwell's field equations in the theory of electromagnetism

The Dirac equation in the theory of the electron

The Standard Model of particle physics

The Lorentz group expresses the fundamental symmetry of space and time of all known fundamental laws of nature. In small enough regions of spacetime where gravitational variation is negligible, physical laws are Lorentz-invariant.

Null vector
In mathematics, given a vector space X with an associated quadratic form q, written (X, q), a null vector or isotropic vector is a non-zero element x of X for which q(x) = 0.

In the theory of real bilinear forms, definite quadratic forms and isotropic quadratic forms are distinct. They are distinguished in that only for the latter does there exist a nonzero null vector.

A quadratic space (X, q) which has a null vector is called a pseudo-Euclidean space. The term isotropic vector v when q(v) = 0 has been used in quadratic spaces, and anisotropic space for a quadratic space without null vectors.

A pseudo-Euclidean vector space may be decomposed (non-uniquely) into orthogonal subspaces A and B, X = A + B, where q is positive-definite on A and negative-definite on B. The null cone, or isotropic cone, of X consists of the union of balanced spheres:

The null cone is also the union of the isotropic lines through the origin.
2018 Atlantic Hockey men's ice hockey tournament
The 2018 Atlantic Hockey Tournament is the 14th Atlantic Hockey Tournament. It was played between March 2 and March 17, 2018 at home campus locations and at the Blue Cross Arena in Rochester, New York. It was the last tournament at Blue Cross Arena before the tournament moved to HarborCenter in Buffalo, New York. By winning the tournament, Air Force earned Atlantic Hockey's automatic bid to the 2018 NCAA Division I Men's Ice Hockey Tournament.

Atlantic Hockey tournament
The Atlantic Hockey tournament was the conference tournament for the Atlantic Hockey Association. The winner of the tournament received an automatic berth into the NCAA Division I men's ice hockey tournament. The Atlantic Hockey tournament was discontinued after the 2024 edition, following the merger of the CHA and AHA. The tournament is succeeded by the Atlantic Hockey America men's tournament.
Mandarin Oriental, Tokyo
35°41′12.86″N 139°46′23″E﻿ / ﻿35.6869056°N 139.77306°E﻿ / 35.6869056; 139.77306

Mandarin Oriental, Tokyo is a luxury hotel located in the Nihonbashi Mitsui Tower in Tokyo’s Nihonbashi neighborhood, close to Tokyo Station and Tokyo Stock Exchange.  The hotel, opened on 2 December 2005, is managed by Mandarin Oriental Hotel Group. The hotel contains 178 guestrooms and suites as well as ten restaurants and bars.  Among the restaurants, Sense, Signature and Tapas Molecular Bar have each been awarded Michelin Stars. Additionally, the hotel operates a spa, which, in 2011, was named by Conde Nast Traveller readers as one of the Top 25 spas in the world.

Nihonbashi Mitsui Tower
The Nihonbashi Mitsui Tower (日本橋三井タワー) is a skyscraper located in Chūō, Tokyo, Japan. The 192-metre, 34-storey building is primarily used for office space with the upper floors occupied by a hotel. Its construction was completed in 2005. It is connected by an underground concourse to the Tokyo Metro Mitsukoshimae Station.
Rudniki, Opatów County
Rudniki [rudˈniki] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Baćkowice, within Opatów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) south-east of Baćkowice, 9 km (6 mi) south-west of Opatów, and 51 km (32 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.

Baćkowice
Baćkowice [bat͡ɕkɔˈvit͡sɛ] is a village in Opatów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Baćkowice. It lies approximately 14 km (9 mi) west of Opatów and 45 km (28 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.
Western Bank Campus
The Western Bank Campus is the main campus of the University of Sheffield. It lies one mile to the west of Sheffield city centre and is bounded by Upper Hanover Street to the east, Glossop Road to the south, Clarkson Street to the west, and Winter Street to the north. The campus includes Firth Court, Alfred Denny Building, Western Bank library and Arts Tower, Geography and Planning building, Bartolomé House, Dainton and Richard Roberts Buildings, the Sheffield Students' Union building, the Octagon Centre, Graves Building, Hicks Building and the Information Commons. The nearest motorway is the A57.

University of Sheffield Students' Union
Sheffield Students' Union, officially known as the University of Sheffield Students' Union, is the representative body of students at the University of Sheffield. It is run by a team of six elected officers.
Emily Fanning
Emily Fanning (born 13 June 1995) is a former tennis player from New Zealand. Her career-high junior ranking is 38, achieved in July 2012. In her career, Fanning won three doubles titles at tournaments of the ITF Women's Circuit.

Hong Kong Billie Jean King Cup team
The Hong Kong Billie Jean King Cup team represents Hong Kong in the Billie Jean King Cup tennis competition and are governed by the Hong Kong Tennis Association.  They will compete in the Asia/Oceania Zone Group II in 2022.
Antipathella
Antipathella is a genus of cnidarians belonging to the family Myriopathidae.

The genus has almost cosmopolitan distribution.

Species:

Antipathella aperta (Totton, 1923)

Antipathella fiordensis (Grange, 1990)

Antipathella strigosa Brook, 1889

Antipathella subpinnata (Ellis & Solander, 1786)

Antipathella wollastoni (Gray, 1857)

Antipathella fiordensis
Antipathella fiordensis is a species of colonial coral in the order Antipatharia, the black corals, so named because their calcareous skeletons are black. It was first described as Antipathes fiordensis by the New Zealand zoologist Ken R. Grange in 1990, from material collected in the steep-sided fiords of Fiordland in the southeastern South Island, New Zealand. A 2001 revision of the Antipatheria put this species in the newly created genus Antipathella.
Lowell Palmer
Lowell Raymond Palmer (born August 18, 1947) is a retired American professional baseball pitcher who appeared in 106 games in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member of four different teams over all or portions of five seasons (1969–1972 and 1974). Born in Sacramento, California, he threw and batted right-handed and was listed as 6 feet 1 inch (1.85 m) tall and 190 pounds (86 kg).

1974 Major League Baseball season
The 1974 Major League Baseball season: The Oakland Athletics won their third consecutive World Series, defeating the Los Angeles Dodgers four games to one.

Two notable personal milestones were achieved during the 1974 season. The first came on April 8, when Hank Aaron of the Atlanta Braves blasted his 715th career home run, breaking the all-time career home run mark of 714 set by Babe Ruth. Aaron would finish his career with 755 home runs, a record that would stand until Barry Bonds broke it in 2007. The second milestone came on September 10, when the St. Louis Cardinals' Lou Brock stole his 105th base off pitcher Dick Ruthven and catcher Bob Boone of the Philadelphia Phillies. This broke the single-season stolen base record of 104, set by Maury Wills in 1962. Brock stole 118 bases for the season, a record that would stand until 1982, when Rickey Henderson stole 130.
1951 William & Mary scandal
The William & Mary scandal of 1951 was a transcript-altering scandal at the College of William & Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia, United States. Prior to World War II, college officials at William & Mary "attempted to [have The College] become a big-time football power" despite its "enrollment of far less than 1000 males". (Other sources place the enrollment at approximately 1,500 students in the late 1930s.) That is, The College tried to become a formidable NCAA Division I athletics power despite its small size. Pressures to be successful in sports—especially football, men's basketball, and baseball—had been mounting for over a decade by the time the scandal was discovered in 1951.

William & Mary Tribe football
The William & Mary Tribe are a college football team representing the College of William & Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia. William & Mary competes in CAA Football, a single-sport NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision conference operated by the Tribe's primary athletic home of the Coastal Athletic Association. They are currently coached by Mike London. He succeeds Jimmye Laycock, who was the head coach of the Tribe for 39 years.

In 2008, William & Mary opened the Jimmye Laycock Football Center, housing the Tribe locker room, football players' classroom study sessions and tape review rooms.

The College of William & Mary has transitioned through several official nicknames since its athletic program began in 1893. From 1893 to 1916, William & Mary football players were known as the Orange and White because those were the old official school colors. From 1916 to 1977, all William & Mary athletes were known as the Indians. Since 1978, they have been known as the Tribe.
East Lancashire Royal Engineers
The East Lancashire Royal Engineers was a Volunteer unit of Britain's Royal Engineers raised in Manchester in 1901. It became the engineer component of the 42nd (East Lancashire) Division of the Territorial Force, seeing service in Egypt, at Gallipoli and (together with a duplicate unit) on the Western Front during the First World War. In the Second World War, it took part in the Dunkirk evacuation with 42nd (East Lancashire) Division, and then converted to the armoured assault engineer role in 79th Armoured Division in North West Europe. Its duplicate unit served in Tunisia and Italy. The unit continues today as part of 75 Engineer Regiment in the Army Reserve.

Cadre (military)
A cadre (/ˈkɑːdrə/, also UK: /ˈkɑːdər/, also US: /ˈkɑːdreɪ/) is the complement of commissioned officers and non-commissioned officers of a military unit responsible for training the rest of the unit. The cadre may be the permanent skeleton establishment of a unit, around which the full unit can be built if needed. In countries which have conscription, a cadre may comprise the permanent staff of a regiment who train the conscripts assigned to it. The term comes from the French expression en cadre, with the same meaning.
Biumo
Biumo is a neighbourhood of Varese, Lombardy, located to the northeast of the city centre, on a hill. Founded in the early medieval period, it is divided between Biumo Superiore (top of the hill) and Biumo Inferiore (base of the hill).

Varese
Varese (UK: /vəˈreɪzeɪ, -zi/ və-RAY-zay, -⁠zee, US: /vɑːˈreɪseɪ/ var-AY-say; Italian: [vaˈreːze] ⓘ or [vaˈreːse]; Varesino: Varés [ʋaˈreːs]; Latin: Baretium; archaic German: Väris) is a city and comune in north-western Lombardy, northern Italy, 55 km (34 mi) north-west of Milan. The population of Varese in 2018 was 80,559.

It is the capital of the Province of Varese. The hinterland or exurban part of the city is called Varesotto.
D124 road
D124 is a state road on Dugi Otok Island in Croatia connecting the D109 state road to Brbinj ferry port, from where Jadrolinija ferries fly to the mainland, docking in Zadar and the D407 state road. The road is 1.7 km (1.1 mi) long.

The road, as well as all other state roads in Croatia, is managed and maintained by Hrvatske ceste, a state-owned company.

Dugi Otok
Dugi Otok (pronounced [dûɡiː ǒtok]; Croatian for "Long Island"; Italian and Venetian: Isola Lunga) is part of Croatia and the seventh largest island in the Adriatic Sea. It is located off the Dalmatian coast, west of Zadar. It is the largest and westernmost of the Zadarian Islands, and derives its name from its distinctive shape: it is 44.5 km (27.7 miles) long by 4.8 km (3.0 miles) wide, with an area of 114 square kilometres (44 sq mi). Its elevation reaches 300 m; and many of its higher portions contain stands of Maritime Pine.

The western coast is tall and rugged, and many of the towns are clustered on the eastern side, including Sali, the largest, Zaglav, Žman, Luka, Savar, Brbinj, Dragove, Božava, Soline, Verunić (Verona) and Veli Rat. A nature park, Telašćica, covers the southern part of the island and is adjacent to Kornati Islands National Park. There are six islets and rocks in the Telašćica Bay: Korotan, Galijola, Gozdenjak, Farfarikulac, Gornji Školj and Donji Školj.
Makinohara Tunnel
Makinohara Tunnel (牧の原トンネル, Makinohara tonneru) is a tunnel on Tokaido Shinkansen operated by Central Japan Railway Company located in Makinohara city, between Kakegawa Station and Shizuoka Station with total length of  2.917 km. It was built and completed in 1968.

Kakegawa Station
Kakegawa Station (掛川駅, Kakegawa-eki) is an interchange railway station in the city of Kakegawa, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan, jointly operated by Central Japan Railway Company (JR Tōkai). It is connected to the adjacent Tenryū-Hamanako Railway Kakegawa Station, which is located in a separate building.
Ana Paula Belo
Ana Paula Rodrigues Belo (née Rodrigues; born 18 October 1987) is a Brazilian former handball player. She played for the Brazilian national team. In 2013 she won the World Championship; the first time ever for Brazil and South America.

2021 South and Central American Women's Handball Championship
‌The 2021 South and Central American Women's Handball Championship was the second edition of the championship and held from 5 to 9 October 2021 at Asunción, Paraguay under the aegis of South and Central America Handball Confederation. It was the first time in history that the championship is organised by the Paraguay Handball Confederation. It also acted as the qualification tournament for the 2021 World Women's Handball Championship, with the top three teams qualifying.

Brazil won the tournament for the second time after a finals win over Argentina.
Vincent Kennedy
Vincent Paul Kennedy (15 February 1876 – 18 November 1943) was an Irish nationalist politician. He was Member of Parliament (MP) for West Cavan from 1904 to 1918, taking his seat as an Irish Parliamentary Party member in the House of Commons of what was then the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.

Kennedy was elected unopposed at a by-election on 11 June 1904, following the death of West Cavan's MP Thomas McGovern. He was returned unopposed in 1906, and at both the January and December elections in 1910., but like most Irish Parliamentary Party MPs, he did not stand at the 1918 general election, leaving the Sinn Féin candidate to be elected unopposed.

Irish Parliamentary Party
The Irish Parliamentary Party (IPP; commonly called the Irish Party or the Home Rule Party) was formed in 1874 by Isaac Butt, the leader of the Nationalist Party, replacing the Home Rule League, as official parliamentary party for Irish nationalist Members of Parliament (MPs) elected to the House of Commons at Westminster within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland up until 1918. Its central objectives were legislative independence for Ireland and land reform. Its constitutional movement was instrumental in laying the groundwork for Irish self-government through three Irish Home Rule bills.
Anna Kay
Anna Kay (born 6 May 1999) is a British professional cyclist who specializes in cyclo-cross. She won the silver medal in the under-23 race at the 2019 European Cyclo-cross Championships, and bronze at the women's under-23 race at the 2020 UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships.

2019–20 UCI Cyclo-cross World Cup
The 2019–20 Telenet UCI Cyclo-cross World Cup was a season long cyclo-cross competition, organised by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI). The UCI Cyclo-cross World Cup took place between 14 September 2019 and 26 January 2020, over a total of nine events. The defending champions were Toon Aerts in the men's competition and Marianne Vos in the women's competition.