hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Phonemic awareness
Phonemic awareness is a part of phonological awareness in which listeners are able to hear, identify and manipulate phonemes, the smallest mental units of sound that help to differentiate units of meaning (morphemes). Separating the spoken word "cat" into three distinct phonemes, /k/, /æ/, and /t/, requires phonemic awareness. The National Reading Panel has found that phonemic awareness improves children's word reading and reading comprehension and helps children learn to spell. Phonemic awareness is the basis for learning phonics.

Phonemic awareness and phonological awareness are often confused since they are interdependent. Phonemic awareness is the ability to hear and manipulate individual phonemes. Phonological awareness includes this ability, but it also includes the ability to hear and manipulate larger units of sound, such as onsets and rimes and syllables.

Sound
Sound is a phenomenon in which pressure disturbances propagate through a transmission medium. In the context of physics, it is characterised as a mechanical wave of pressure or related quantities (e.g. displacement), whereas in physiological-psychological contexts it refers to the reception of such waves and their perception by the brain. Though sensitivity to sound varies among all organisms, the human ear is sensitive to frequencies ranging from 20 Hz to 20 kHz. Examples of the significance and application of sound include music, medical imaging techniques, oral language and parts of science.
France–Vietnam relations
France–Vietnam relations (French: Relations franco-vietnamiennes; Vietnamese: quan hệ Pháp-Việt) are the diplomatic and historical relations between the French Republic and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. These relations began in the 17th century with Catholic missions and various traders until the major involvement of French forces under Pierre Pigneau de Béhaine from 1787 to 1789 helped establish the Nguyễn dynasty. France was heavily involved in Vietnam in the 19th century under the pretext of protecting Catholic missions and ensuring trading privileges in the country. In practice, however, colonial officials in French Indochina were strongly secularist.

Pierre Lambert de la Motte
Pierre Lambert de la Motte, MEP (French pronunciation: [pjɛʁ lɑ̃bɛʁ də la mɔt]; 16 January 1624 – 15 June 1679) was a French bishop. He was a founding member of the Paris Foreign Missions Society and became a missionary in Asia.
Star Insight
Star Insight was a fortnightly magazine published as a supplement to The Daily Star, Bangladesh's largest circulated English newspaper. The magazine aimed at promoting people and events and achievements from underprivileged rural and townships of Bangladesh. Prominent figures of Bangladesh like Shykh Seraj and Faridur Reza Sagar contributed to the magazine. Publication began in July 1996. The magazine ceased publication in April 2013 and was integrated into the national page of The Daily Star.

The Daily Star (Bangladesh)
The Daily Star is a Bangladeshi English-language daily newspaper. It is by far the largest circulating English-language newspaper in the country. Founded by Syed Mohammed Ali on 14 January 1991, as Bangladesh transitioned and restored parliamentary democracy, the newspaper became popular for its outspoken coverage of politics, corruption, and foreign policy. It is considered a newspaper of record for Bangladesh. The newspaper has been described as having a "reputation for journalistic integrity and liberal and progressive views - a kind of Bangladeshi New York Times".

Mahfuz Anam serves as the editor and publisher of The Daily Star. The Daily Star is owned by Mediaworld, in which a major share is held by the Transcom Group. Star Business, the business edition of the paper, is highly popular. The newspaper serves its Bengali readership digitally through its website.
Aaron Mason
Aaron Mason (born 20 September 1979) is a British racing driver who last competed in the Porsche Supercup with Martinet by Alméras. He is a two-time champion of the Volkswagen Racing Cup GB. He made his British Touring Car Championship debut in 2013, replacing James Kaye at AmDTuning.com for the Oulton Park round.

2022 Porsche Supercup
The 2022 Porsche Mobil 1 Supercup was the 30th Porsche Supercup season, a GT3 production stock car racing series sanctioned by Porsche Motorsports GmbH in the world. It began on 24 April at the Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari, Italy and ended on 11 September at the Autodromo Nazionale di Monza, Italy, after eight races, all of which were support events for the 2022 Formula One season. It marked the first time that the series visited Circuit Paul Ricard.
Ruth Boynton
Ruth Boynton (1896 – 1977) was a physician, researcher, and administrator who spent almost her entire career at the University of Minnesota. She worked in public health and student health services. At that time, there were few women in any of these fields. She was director of the University Student Health Service from 1936 to 1961and it was renamed the Boynton Health Service in her honor in 1975. She served as the acting dean of the School of Public Health from 1944 to 1946.

American College Health Association
The American College Health Association (ACHA) is a Silver Spring, Maryland-based organization of college health professionals throughout the United States. It was founded in 1920 as the American Student Health Association (ASHA), obtaining its current name in 1948. Over 800 higher education institutions are members of the ACHA, as of 2019. The association also has over 2,800 individual health care professionals as members. Since 1958, the association's official journal has been the Journal of American College Health, which was founded in 1958 as Student Medicine.
Trent Kersten
Trent Michael Kersten (born April 21, 1993) is an American former volleyball player who is the head coach of the Oregon Ducks women's volleyball team. He previously served as head coach at San Jose State and Loyola Marymount. He also was an assistant coach at TCU for five seasons.

TCU Horned Frogs
The TCU Horned Frogs are the athletic teams that represent Texas Christian University. The 18 varsity teams participate in NCAA Division I and in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) for football, competing mostly in the Big 12 Conference. The school was a founding member of the Southwest Conference and was a member of the Western Athletic Conference, Conference USA (CUSA), and the Mountain West Conference before joining the Big 12. One TCU team participates outside the Big 12 in a sport not sponsored by that conference. The rifle team competes in the Patriot Rifle Conference. The beach volleyball team formerly played in CUSA and the Coastal Collegiate Sports Association prior to the Big 12 sponsoring beach volleyball in 2024-25.

The "horned frog" nickname and mascot refer to the Texas horned lizard, also known as the "horned frog".
Hwang Byungsng
Hwang Byung-seung (April 4 1970 – July 24 2019) was a South Korean poet. He studied creative writing at the Seoul Institute of the Arts and Chugye University for the Arts. He finished coursework in creative writing at Myongji Graduate School. Hwang is considered to have made a radical break from the lyric poetry tradition and introduced queer imagination, subcultural thinking, and stateless language to South Korean literature through the genderqueer voice of multisexual subjects.

Chugye University for the Arts
Chugye University for the Arts (Korean: 추계예술대학교) is a South Korean institute of higher education in the music and fine arts. The campus is in Seodaemun District in central Seoul, the country's capital.
Adore U
"Adore U" is a song by British producer Fred Again (Fred Gibson) and London-based Nigerian musician Obongjayar (Steven Umoh). It was released on 11 August 2023 through Warner Music UK and Atlantic as the lead single of Gibson's fourth studio album, Ten Days (2024).

Fred Again
Frederick John Philip Gibson (born 19 July 1993), known professionally as Fred Again (stylised as Fred again..) or simply Fred, is a British record producer, singer, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist and DJ.  At the 66th Annual Grammy Awards, he was nominated for Best New Artist, won Best Dance/Electronic Album for his third album Actual Life 3 (January 1 – September 9 2022) (2022), and won Best Dance/Electronic Recording for his 2023 single "Rumble" (with Skrillex and Flowdan).
Rachele Gilmore
Rachele Gilmore (born 1981, Georgia) is an American coloratura soprano, originally from Atlanta, Georgia.

Gilmore earned her bachelor of music from Indiana University School of Music and continued with graduate studies at Boston University. After her unscheduled major debut, she was compared to Mado Robin.

Mado Robin
Madeleine Marie "Mado" Robin (French pronunciation: [madlɛn maʁi mado ʁɔbɛ̃]; 29 December 1918 – 10 December 1960) was a French coloratura soprano. A soprano acuto sfogato, she was noted for her extremely high register.
Gregory Deighan
Gregory "Greg" J. Deighan (born 15 October 1939) was the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island, Canada. He was a member of the Progressive Conservative Party, representing the Wilmot-Summerside electoral district.

In May 2000, Deighan was appointed to the Executive Council of Prince Edward Island as Minister of Tourism. In August 2002, Deighan was moved to Minister of Fisheries and Aquaculture. He served as Speaker of the Legislative Assembly from 2003 to 2007.

He did not stand for re-election in the 2007 general election.

Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island
The Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island (French: Assemblée législative de l'Île-du-Prince-Édouard) together with the lieutenant governor of Prince Edward Island form the General Assembly of Prince Edward Island. The Legislative Assembly meets at Province House, which is at the intersection of Richmond and Great George Streets in Charlottetown. Bills passed by the Assembly are given royal assent by the lieutenant governor in the name of the King of Canada.
Demoted tenancy
A demoted tenancy is, in English law, a type of tenancy created by a court when a housing association get a demotion order from a court. It is typically created when an assured tenant or secure tenant engages in anti-social behaviour. The creation of the demoted tenancy is an alternative to eviction and makes a tenant easier to evict in the future. The Housing Act 1985 established demoted tenancy, and the Housing Act 1996 expanded on it.

In 2024, the UK government introduced legislation to abolish demoted tenancies, but it did not pass into law due to the early general election.

Housing Act 1985
The Housing Act 1985 (c. 68) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The act introduced laws relating to the succession of council houses. It also facilitated the transfer of council housing to not-for-profit housing associations.
Marc Leuenberger
Marc Leuenberger (born July 24, 1962) is a former Swiss professional ice hockey left winger who last played for HC Fribourg-Gottéron in Switzerland's National League A.

Leuenberger has participated as a member of the Swiss national team at the 1988 Winter Olympics.

Ice hockey at the 1988 Winter Olympics
The men's ice hockey tournament at the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, was the 16th Olympic Championship. The Soviet Union won its seventh gold medal. The silver medal was won by Finland, marking its first ever Olympic ice hockey medal. Sweden won the bronze medal. Games were held in the Olympic Saddledome, the Stampede Corral, and Father David Bauer Olympic Arena. This is so far the only Olympic tournament held on North American soil that was not won by either Canada or United States.

The IIHF did not run a championship in Olympic years at this time. Nations that did not participate in the Calgary Olympics were invited to compete in the final Thayer Tutt Trophy.
Leeland Road station
Leeland Road station is a Virginia Railway Express station located at 275 Leeland Road in Stafford, Virginia, although VRE states that its address is in Falmouth, Virginia. The station serves the Fredericksburg Line and shares the right-of-way with Amtrak's Northeast Regional, Silver Meteor, Silver Star, Palmetto, Auto Train, and Carolinian trains. However, no Amtrak trains stop here. The station is located next to the Leeland Station community, which was named after the VRE station. It is also next to Conway Elementary School.

Stafford County, Virginia
Stafford County is a county located in the Commonwealth of Virginia. It is approximately 40 miles (64 km) south of Washington, D.C. It is part of the Northern Virginia region, and the D.C area. It is one of the fastest-growing and highest-income counties in America. As of the 2020 United States census, the population sits at 156,927. Its county seat is Stafford.

Located across the Rappahannock River from the City of Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania County, Stafford County is part of the Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area. In 2006, and again in 2009, Stafford was ranked by Forbes magazine as the 11th highest-income county in the United States. According to a Census Bureau report released in 2019, Stafford County is currently the sixth highest-income county in America.
Amy Patterson
Amelia Cabeza de Pelayo Patterson (16 July 1912 – 28 December 2019) was an Argentine composer, singer, poet, and teacher responsible for writing the anthem of the Province of Salta. She was very popular in Argentina, and much of her music received state approval from the Ministry of Education of Argentina.

Secretariat of Education (Argentina)
The Secretariat of Education (Spanish: Secretaría de Educación, formerly Ministry of Education) of Argentina is a secretariat and former ministry of the national executive power that oversaw education policies on all educational levels, alongside the governments of the twenty-three provinces of Argentina and the City of Buenos Aires.

The Ministry was founded in 1949, when the state's education portfolio was split from the Ministry of Justice and Public Instruction in the first cabinet of President Juan Domingo Perón; the first minister was Oscar Ivanissevich.

After president Javier Milei dissolved the Ministry of Education turning it into a secretariat, Carlos Torrendell was appointed secretary. The secretariat is controlled by the Ministry of Human Capital.

The secretariat of Education is headquartered at the Sarmiento Palace, popularly known as "Pizzurno Palace" due to its location on Pasaje Pizzurno, in  the Buenos Aires neighbourhood of Recoleta.
Open Source Day
Open Source Day is an international conference gathering fans of open solutions from Central and Eastern Europe. Mission of the event is to introduce open source solutions to Polish public and business institutions and popularize it as a secure, efficient, cost saving alternative to proprietary software. The conference has taken place in Warsaw since its beginning in 2007. Participants are mainly managers, developers, technical officers of public, banking, and insurance industries.

The conference has become a platform for exchanging experience, contacts and use cases of open source solutions in fields of: virtualization, cloud computing, database, big data, Information security.

Ministry of Investment and Economic Development
The Ministry of Investment and Economic Development (Polish: Ministerstwo Inwestycji i Rozwoju) was an agency of the government of Poland. The ministry was headquartered in Warsaw and was formed from the Ministry of Development in 2018. Jerzy Kwieciński was the first and only Minister of Investment and Economic Development, serving from 9 January 2018 to 15 November 2019. It was succeeded by the Ministry of Funds and Regional Policy.
Terletskiy Peak
Terletskiy Peak (71°49′S 10°31′E﻿ / ﻿71.817°S 10.517°E﻿ / -71.817; 10.517) is a peak, 2,505 m, rising 1.7 nautical miles (3.1 km) northwest of Chervov Peak in the Shcherbakov Range, Orvin Mountains, in Queen Maud Land. Discovered and roughly plotted from air photos by German Antarctic Expedition, 1938–39. Mapped from air photos and surveys by Norwegian Antarctic Expedition, 1956-60 remapped by Soviet Antarctic Expedition, 1960–61, and named after Soviet hydrographer N.A. Terletskiy (1910–1954).

This article incorporates public domain material from "Terletskiy Peak". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Soviet Antarctic Expedition
The Soviet Antarctic Expedition (SAE or SovAE) (Russian: Советская антарктическая экспедиция, САЭ, Sovetskaya antarkticheskaya ekspeditsiya) was a Soviet research institute.  It was succeeded by the Russian Antarctic Expedition.
Baldovinești
Baldovinești is a commune in Olt County, Oltenia, Romania. It is composed of three villages: Baldovinești, Gubandru, and Pietriș. It included four other villages until 2004, when they were split off to form Găvănești Commune.

The commune is situated in the Wallachian Plain, at an altitude of 157 m (515 ft), on the banks of the river Geamărtălui. It is located in the northwestern part of Olt County, 6 km (3.7 mi) from the town of Balș and 32 km (20 mi) west of the county seat, Slatina. Baldovinești is on the border with Dolj County; the city of Craiova is 25 km (16 mi) to the southwest.

Oltenia
Oltenia (Romanian pronunciation: [olˈtenia]), also called Lesser Wallachia in antiquated versions – with the alternative Latin names Wallachia Minor, Wallachia Alutana, and Wallachia Caesarea between 1718 and 1739 – is a historical province and geographical region of Romania in western Wallachia. It is situated between the Danube, the Southern Carpathians and the Olt river.
Collateral ventilation
Collateral ventilation is a back-up system of alveolar ventilation that can bypass the normal route of airflow when airways are restricted or obstructed. The pathways involved include those between adjacent alveoli (pores of Kohn), between bronchioles and alveoli (canals of Lambert), and those between bronchioles (channels of Martin).
Collateral ventilation also serves to modulate imbalances in ventilation and perfusion, a feature of  many diseases. The pathways are altered in lung diseases particularly asthma, and emphysema. A similar functional pattern of collateralisation is seen in the circulatory system of the heart.

Interlobar collateral ventilation has also been noted and is a major unwanted factor in the consideration of lung volume reduction surgery and some lung volume reduction procedures.

Collateralization
In medicine, collateralization, also vessel collateralization and blood vessel collateralization, is the growth of a blood vessel or several blood vessels that serve the same end organ or vascular bed as another blood vessel that cannot adequately supply that end organ or vascular bed sufficiently.

Coronary collateralization is considered a normal response to hypoxia and may be induced, under some circumstances, by exercise. It is considered to be protective.

Collateral or anastomotic blood vessels also exist even when blood supply is adequate to an area, and these blood vessels are often taken advantage of in surgery. Some notable areas where this occurs include the abdomen, rectum, knee, shoulder, and head.
Raouf Boutaba
Raouf Boutaba (born December 31, 1966) is an Algerian Canadian computer scientist. His research interests are in resource, network and service management in wired and wireless networked systems. His work focuses on network virtualization, network softwarization, cloud computing, and network security.

He has been a full professor in the David R. Cheriton School of Computer Science since 2007. In 2016, he became the associate dean of research in the University of Waterloo’s Faculty of Mathematics, and in July 2019 was appointed its first associate dean of innovation and entrepreneurship.  On July 1, 2020, he became the eighth director of the David R. Cheriton School of Computer Science. He holds a university research chair at the University of Waterloo, and an INRIA International Chair in France.

University of Waterloo Faculty of Mathematics
The University of Waterloo Faculty of Mathematics is one of six faculties of the University of Waterloo in Waterloo, Ontario, offering more than 500 courses in mathematics, statistics and computer science. The faculty also houses the David R. Cheriton School of Computer Science, formerly the faculty's computer science department. There are more than 31,000 alumni.
Kensington Park School
Kensington Park School is a coeducational private day and boarding school located in London, England.

The lower school for pupils aged 11 to 16 is situated in the Bayswater area of the City of Westminster, while the sixth form is located in nearby South Kensington. in 2020 Chelsea Independent College in Fulham formally merged with Kensington Park School.

While the school offers boarding services, the day school fees are around £26,300 - £27,350 per annum.

South Kensington
South Kensington is a district at the West End of Central London in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea. Historically it settled on part of the scattered Middlesex village of Brompton. Its name was supplanted with the advent of the railways in the late 19th century and the opening (and shutting) and naming of local tube stations. It is home to several well-known museums and cultural landmarks such as the Natural History Museum, the Science Museum, the Victoria and Albert Museum, and Imperial College London.
Flora Devonshire
Flora Diana Mary Devonshire (born 13 February 2003) is a New Zealand cricketer who currently plays for the New Zealand women's cricket team internationally, and Central Districts in domestic cricket. She plays as a left-handed batter and left-arm medium-fast bowler.

Central Hinds
The Central Hinds are the women's representative cricket team of the Central Districts Cricket Association, based in central New Zealand (excluding Wellington). The Major Association team is the only female team to draw players from both the main islands of New Zealand. They play their home games at Pukekura Park, New Plymouth, Fitzherbert Park, Palmerston North, Saxton Oval, Nelson and McLean Park, Napier. They compete in the Hallyburton Johnstone Shield  one-day competition and the Women's Super Smash Twenty20 competition and were originally known as Central Districts Women.
Illustrated Treatise on the Maritime Kingdoms
The Illustrated Treatise on the Maritime Kingdoms, or Haiguo Tuzhi, is a 19th-century Chinese gazetteer compiled by scholar-official Wei Yuan and others, based on initial translations ordered by Special Imperial Commissioner Lin Zexu. The Treatise is regarded as the first significant Chinese work on the West and one of China's initial responses to the Anglo-Chinese First Opium War (1839–1842). Eventually stretching to one hundred juan, or scrolls, the treatise contains numerous maps and much geographical detail covering both the western and eastern hemispheres. The main principles advocated in the Treatise were later absorbed by the Self-Strengthening Movement, and the book also garnered significant interest in Japan and helped mould the country's foreign policy with respect to the West.

Scholar-official
The scholar-officials, also known as literati, scholar-gentlemen or scholar-bureaucrats (Chinese: 士大夫; pinyin: shì dàfū), were government officials and prestigious scholars in Chinese society, forming a distinct social class.

Scholar-officials were politicians and government officials appointed by the emperor of China to perform day-to-day political duties from the Han dynasty to the end of the Qing dynasty in 1912, China's last imperial dynasty. After the Sui dynasty these officials mostly came from the scholar-gentry (紳士 shēnshì) who had earned academic degrees (such as xiucai, juren, or jinshi) by passing the imperial examinations. Scholar-officials were the elite class of imperial China. They were highly educated, especially in literature and the arts, including calligraphy and Confucian texts. They dominated the government administration and local life of China until the early 20th century.