hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bud Cooper
William Gordon "Bud" Cooper (April 14, 1913 – August 11, 1998) was an American gridiron football player. He played college football at Penn State for the Penn State Nittany Lions football team. After college in 1936 he became a fullback in the National Football League (NFL) for the Cleveland Rams, who the played in the second American Football League (AFL). When the Rams moved into the NFL in 1937, and Cooper went with them. Even though the NFL confederation gave the membership to the same team owner, this NFL franchise officially became a detach entity because only four players of the team joined the NFL that was newly launched. No personnel of the team joined the NFL league. The four players were Mike Sebastian, Stan Pincura, Harry Mattos, and Bud Cooper.

Cleveland Rams
The Cleveland Rams were a professional American football team that played in Cleveland from 1936 to 1945. The Rams competed in the second American Football League (AFL) for the 1936 season and the National Football League (NFL) from 1937 to 1945, winning the NFL championship in 1945, before moving to Los Angeles in 1946 to become the first of only two professional football champions to play the following season in another city.

The move of the team to Los Angeles helped to jump-start the reintegration of pro football by African American players and opened up the West Coast to professional sports. After being based in Los Angeles for 49 years, the Rams franchise moved again after the 1994 NFL season to St. Louis where the franchise stayed for 21 seasons before moving back to Los Angeles after the 2015 NFL season.
Zhu Faya
Zhu Faya (Chinese: 竺法雅; pinyin: Zhú Fǎyǎ; Wade–Giles: Chu Fa-ya; lit. 'Buddhist Dharmic Elegance') or Faya was a Chinese Jin Dynasty (266–420 CE) Buddhist monk and teacher from Hejian (in modern Hebei province), best known for developing the Geyi method of explaining numbered categories of Sanskrit terms from the Buddhist canon with comparable lists from the Chinese classics. The dates of Zhu Faya's life are unknown, but he was a student of the Indian monk Fotudeng or Zhu Fotudeng 竺佛圖澄 (c. 231–349), and a contemporary of the translators Dao'an 道安 (312–385) and Zhu Fatai 竺法汰 (320–387).

Zhu Fatai
Zhu Fatai (Chinese: 竺法汰; pinyin: Zhú Fǎtài; Cantonese Yale: Chu1 Faat3 Taai3; AD 320 – 387) was a Chinese Buddhist scholar of the Jin dynasty. He was a disciple of Dao'an and Fotucheng in the ancient city of Ye and taught at Jiankang.
Kentucky's 3rd congressional district
Kentucky's 3rd congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Kentucky.  It encompasses almost all of Louisville Metro, which, since the merger of 2003, is consolidated with Jefferson County, though other incorporated cities exist within the county, such as Shively and St. Matthews. The far eastern portions of Louisville Metro are part of the 2nd congressional district.

The district is currently represented by Democrat Morgan McGarvey. With a Cook Partisan Voting Index rating of D+10, it is the only Democratic district in Kentucky.

Cook Partisan Voting Index
The Cook Partisan Voting Index, abbreviated PVI or CPVI, is a measurement of the partisanship of a U.S. congressional district or U.S. state. This partisanship is indicated as lean towards either the Republican Party or the Democratic Party, compared to the nation as a whole, based on how that district or state voted in the previous two presidential elections.
Rasch model estimation
Estimation of a Rasch model is used to estimate the parameters of the Rasch model. Various techniques are employed to estimate the parameters from matrices of response data. The most common approaches are types of maximum likelihood estimation, such as joint and conditional maximum likelihood estimation. Joint maximum likelihood (JML) equations are efficient, but inconsistent for a finite number of items, whereas conditional maximum likelihood (CML) equations give consistent and unbiased item estimates. Person estimates are generally thought to have bias associated with them, although weighted likelihood estimation methods for the estimation of person parameters reduce the bias.

Expectation–maximization algorithm
In statistics, an expectation–maximization (EM) algorithm is an iterative method to find (local) maximum likelihood or maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimates of parameters in statistical models, where the model depends on unobserved latent variables. The EM iteration alternates between performing an expectation (E) step, which creates a function for the expectation of the log-likelihood evaluated using the current estimate for the parameters, and a maximization (M) step, which computes parameters maximizing the expected log-likelihood found on the E step. These parameter-estimates are then used to determine the distribution of the latent variables in the next E step. It can be used, for example, to estimate a mixture of gaussians, or to solve the multiple linear regression problem.
Tiziano Frieri
Tiziano Frieri (born 22 December 1944 in Nanto) is an Italian retired footballer. He played as a striker. He is the son of the guardian of Stadio Romeo Menti. He played for Lanerossi Vicenza youth teams and then in lower series for Juve Stabia, Puteolana, Marsala, Lecce and Acireale.

SS Juve Stabia
Società Sportiva Juve Stabia is an Italian professional football club based in Castellammare di Stabia, Campania.

Juve Stabia plays in Serie B, the second tier of Italian football system, following their promotion ahead of the 2024–25 season.
Steve Stone (baseball)
Steven Michael Stone (born July 14, 1947) is an American former Major League Baseball (MLB) player and current sportscaster and author.

Stone pitched for four MLB teams between 1971 and 1981. In 1980, he was the AL Cy Young Award winner and an American League All Star, finishing the season with a record of 25–7 for the Baltimore Orioles. He was WGN-TV's color commentator for Chicago Cubs broadcasts between 1983 and 2004, missing a couple of seasons late in his tenure due to health problems. He worked in radio until 2009, when he became the color commentator for Chicago White Sox television broadcasts.

WSCR (AM)
WSCR (670 kHz) – branded 104-3 The Score – is a commercial AM sports radio station, licensed to Chicago, Illinois, which serves the Chicago metropolitan area. Owned by Audacy, Inc., WSCR is a clear-channel station with extended nighttime range in most of the Central United States and part of the Eastern United States.

Studios are located at Two Prudential Plaza in the Chicago Loop, while the station transmitter site is in suburban Bloomingdale, diplexed with co-owned WBBM. Besides its main analog transmission, WSCR is simulcasted on 104.3 WSCR-FM, and streams online via Audacy.
The Beggar Queen
The Beggar Queen (1984) is a speculative fiction novel by American author Lloyd Alexander. It is the third and last book in the Westmark trilogy. The authoritarian Cabbarus has returned to Westmark and Theo and Queen Mickle, along with their allies, plot a revolution. Upon their victory, Mickle declares a republic and goes into exile with her new husband Theo and their old friends Count Las Bombas and Musket the dwarf.

Lloyd Alexander noted that the book was inspired by several different sources, including the paintings of Francisco Goya and key figures in the French Revolution. As The Beggar Queen was released, publications from Boys' Life to New Directions for Women praised it. It has come under some critique for its heavy subject matter and complex plot, but has also received recognition as a "serious look at revolution and its difficulties and consequences."

Speculative fiction
Speculative fiction is an umbrella genre of fiction that encompasses all the subgenres that depart from realism, or strictly imitating everyday reality, instead presenting fantastical, supernatural, futuristic, or other highly imaginative realms or beings.

This catch-all genre includes, but is not limited to: fantasy, science fiction, science fantasy, superhero, paranormal and supernatural horror, alternate history, magical realism, slipstream, weird fiction, utopia and dystopia, apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction. In other words, the genre presents individuals, events, or places beyond the ordinary real world.

The term speculative fiction has been used for works of literature, film, television, drama, video games, radio, and hybrid media.
Stoney Creek Township, Henry County, Indiana
Stoney Creek Township is one of thirteen townships in Henry County, Indiana, United States. As of the 2010 census, its population was 817 and it contained 348 housing units.

Stony Creek Township was organized in 1828. It was named for the stream which runs through it.

Henry County, Indiana
Henry County is a county located in east central Indiana, United States. As of 2020, the population was 48,914. The county seat and largest and only city is New Castle. Henry County is the main setting of the novel Raintree County by Ross Lockridge Jr.
Farnley Tyas
Farnley Tyas is a village in the parish of Kirkburton, in the Kirklees district, in the county of West Yorkshire, England 3 miles (4.8 km) south east of Huddersfield. It is located on a hilltop between Almondbury, Castle Hill, Thurstonland and Honley. It is mostly rural and farmland with private housing and some local authority social housing. In 1921 the parish had a population of 486.

The village has a public house, the Golden Cock Inn, a First School catering for around 50 children aged from four to ten years old, a bowling club and a small sports field. St Lucius' Church, along with All Hallows' and St Michael and St Helen's Churches in Almondbury form the Parish of Almondbury with Farnley Tyas.

Kirklees
Kirklees is a metropolitan borough of West Yorkshire, England. The borough comprises the ten towns of Batley, Birstall, Cleckheaton, Dewsbury, Heckmondwike, Holmfirth, Huddersfield, Meltham, Mirfield and Slaithwaite. It is governed by Kirklees Council. Kirklees had a population of 422,500 in 2011; it is the third-largest metropolitan district in Yorkshire by area, behind Doncaster and Leeds.
Ping Shan South (constituency)
Ping Shan South (Chinese: 屏山南) is one of the 39 constituencies in the Yuen Long District of Hong Kong.

The constituency returns one district councillor to the Yuen Long District Council, with an election every four years. Ping Shan South constituency is loosely based on Arnold Gardens, Aster Court, Lam Hau Tsuen, Shan Ha Tsuen, Tai Tao Tsuen, Tan Kwai Garden, Tan Kwai Tsuen, The Woodsville, Tong Yan San Tsuen in Yuen Long with estimated population of 16,555.

Yuen Long
Yuen Long is a town in the western north New Territories, Hong Kong. To its west lie Hung Shui Kiu (洪水橋), Tin Shui Wai, Lau Fau Shan and Ha Tsuen, to the south Shap Pat Heung and Tai Tong, to the east Au Tau and Kam Tin (錦田), and to the north Nam Sang Wai.
KNDA (Odessa, Texas)
KNDA (1000 AM) was a radio station in Odessa, Texas, that served the Midland–Odessa metropolitan area. It aired Spanish-language formats throughout its 11-year history. In its final days, it was known as Qué Onda with a bilingual Tejano format.

Tejano music
Tejano music (Spanish: música tejana), also known as Tex-Mex music, is a popular music style fusing Mexican influences. Its evolution began in northern Mexico (a variation of regional Mexican music known as norteño).

It reached a larger audience in the late 20th century with the popularity of performers and groups such as Mazz, Selena, La Mafia, Ram Herrera, La Sombra, Elida Reyna, Elsa García, Laura Canales, Intocable, Jay Perez, Emilio Navaira, Esteban "Steve" Jordan, Shelly Lares, David Lee Garza y Los Musicales, Jennifer Peña and La Fiebre.
Human Again
Human Again is the fourth studio album by the American singer-songwriter Ingrid Michaelson. The album was released on January 24, 2012, by Cabin 24 Records and Mom + Pop Music. The first single from the album, "Ghost", was released on November 15, 2011.

RED Music
RED Music, stylized RED MUSIC, formerly RED Distribution, LLC (Relativity Entertainment Distribution) was a Sony-owned sales and marketing division that merged under The Orchard in 2017. RED previously handled releases for more than sixty independent record labels.
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 13
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 13 (P. Oxy. 13) is a fragment of a letter to a King of Macedon, written in Greek. It was discovered by Grenfell and Hunt in 1897 in Oxyrhynchus. The fragment is dated to the second or third century. It is housed at Columbia University (Head of Special Collections). The text was published by Grenfell and Hunt in 1898.

The manuscript was written on papyrus in the form of a roll. The measurements of the fragment are 87 by 71 mm.  The fragment contains 18 lines of text. It seems to have been addressed to Antigonus I or his son Demetrius Poliorcetes. The text is written in a medium-sized uncial hand.

Uncial script
Uncial is a majuscule script (written entirely in capital letters) commonly used from the 4th to 8th centuries AD by Latin and Greek scribes. Uncial letters were used to write Greek and Latin, as well as Gothic, and are the current style for Coptic and Nobiin.
Treehouse of Horror XXVII
"Treehouse of Horror XXVII" is the fourth episode of the twenty-eighth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons, the 27th episode in the Treehouse of Horror series of Halloween specials, and the 600th episode of the series overall. The episode was directed by Steven Dean Moore and written by Joel H. Cohen. It aired in the United States on Fox on October 16, 2016.

In this episode, the children fight to spend time at a reservoir, Lisa's imaginary friend kills her real friends, and Bart joins a group of secret agents. Judith Owen and Sarah Silverman guest starred. Comedian Drew Carey and musician Donald Fagen appeared as themselves. The episode received mixed reviews.

Joel H. Cohen
Joel H. Cohen is a Canadian producer and screenwriter for Saturday Night Live, Suddenly Susan and The Simpsons. He is the younger brother of one-time Simpsons writer Robert Cohen, who wrote the season three episode "Flaming Moe's".  Cohen was born in Calgary, Alberta. He received a Bachelor of Science degree in 1988 from the University of Alberta and an MBA from the Schulich School of Business in 1992.

In addition to his work on The Simpsons, he is also the author of the non-fiction book How to Lose a Marathon, a retelling of his training for and running the New York City Marathon. It was released April 4, 2017 by Abrams and as an audiobook by Audible.
Alpine skiing at the 1988 Winter Paralympics – Women's downhill LW2
The women's downhill LW2 was one of the events held in Alpine skiing at the 1988 Winter Paralympics in Innsbruck.

There were 12 competitors in the final.

The United States' Diana Golden set a time of 1:23.90, taking the gold medal.

Diana Golden (skier)
Diana Golden Brosnihan (née Diana Golden, March 20, 1963 – August 25, 2001) was an American disabled ski racer. After losing a leg to cancer at age 12, she went on to win 10 world and 19 United States championships between 1986, and 1990 as a three-tracker, or one-legged skier. Golden also won an Olympic gold medal in giant slalom at the 1988 Calgary Games, where disabled skiing was a demonstration sport. She participated in alpine skiing at two Winter Paralympic Games, in 1980, and 1988, winning two gold medals in the latter year. After retiring from skiing, cancer returned in 1992, and 1996, with her last bout of cancer resulting in her death in 2001.
Geology of Timor-Leste
The geology of Timor-Leste has been studied onshore and with offshore seismic studies. The region experienced rifting between the Permian and early Cretaceous. Shallow water sediments shifted to deep water sediments by the Triassic. The region was a subsiding passive margin from the Early Cretaceous through the Eocene, experiencing deep water carbonate and shale deposition.

During the mid-Eocene, the Australian Plate collided with a subduction zone, generating folds and thrusts plus emplacing sheets of ophiolite and continental rock on top of Mesozoic sedimentary rocks. Some eroded sediments were shifted into a neighboring foredeep and these tectonic conditions produced oil-forming conditions in Triassic shales. Slow subsidence and carbonate deposition were typical of the region from the Eocene through the Miocene, until a second phase of thrusting uplifted onshore structures up to one kilometer. Offshore thrust sheets were buried beneath Pliocene and Pleistocene sediments.

Ophiolite
An ophiolite is a section of Earth's oceanic crust and the underlying upper mantle that has been uplifted and exposed, and often emplaced onto continental crustal rocks.

The Greek word ὄφις, ophis (snake) is found in the name of ophiolites, because of the superficial texture of some of them. Serpentinite especially evokes a snakeskin.  (The suffix -lite is from the Greek lithos, meaning "stone".)  Some ophiolites have a green color. The origin of these rocks, present in many mountainous massifs, remained uncertain until the advent of plate tectonic theory.

Their great significance relates to their occurrence within mountain belts such as the Alps and the Himalayas, where they document the existence of former ocean basins that have now been consumed by subduction. This insight was one of the founding pillars of plate tectonics, and ophiolites have always played a central role in plate tectonic theory and the interpretation of ancient mountain belts.
Cycling at the 1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games – Men's time trial
The men's time trial at the 1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games, was part of the cycling programme, which took place in 1962.

The time trial took place at Lake Monger Velodrome in Leederville, Western Australia, a 333-metre 37 degree banked track,

Peter Bartels won the gold medal.

Leederville, Western Australia
Leederville is a suburb within the City of Vincent in the Perth metropolitan region of Western Australia.

It is home to Aranmore Catholic College, the School of Isolated and Distance Education, North Metropolitan TAFE, Trinity Theological College, and St Mary's Church. The suburb was named after William Henry Leeder, the original grantee of land that encompassed the area.
Friedensthal Mission
The Friedensthal Mission, southwest of Christiansted in Saint Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands, was partly built by 1830.  Also known as Friedensthal Moravian Church, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.  In German, Fridensthal means "valley of peace".

The mission complex is significant as it was one of the first Moravian missions in the Virgin Islands, and it played a role in preparing slaves for emancipation.

The listing included four contributing buildings and two contributing structures on 5 acres (2.0 ha).
The mission complex includes a manse (built in 1830) which is 46 by 62.5 feet (14.0 m × 19.1 m) in plan, a church (1852), a slave quarter and kitchen, and a 20th-century schoolhouse.

Saint Croix
Saint Croix (/krɔɪ/ KROY; Spanish: Santa Cruz; Dutch: Sint-Kruis; French: Sainte-Croix; Danish and Norwegian: Sankt Croix; Taino: Ay Ay) is an island in the Caribbean, and a county and constituent district of the United States Virgin Islands (USVI), an unincorporated territory of the United States.

St. Croix is the largest of the territory's islands. As of the 2020 U.S. census, its population was 41,004. The island's highest point is Mount Eagle, at 355 meters (1,165 ft). St. Croix's nickname is "Twin City", for its two towns, Frederiksted on the western end and Christiansted on the northeast part of the island.
John Yealland
John James Yealland (1904 – 1983) was a noted British aviculturist and ornithologist. He is best remembered for helping Sir Peter Scott found the Wildfowl Trust at Slimbridge, Gloucestershire. He accompanied Gerald Durrell on his first animal collecting expedition to the British Cameroon in 1947 - 1948. He went on to become the Curator of Birds, London Zoo.

Aviculture
Aviculture is the practice of keeping and breeding birds, especially of wild birds in captivity, and including poultry, in controlled conditions, normally within the confines of a cage or an aviary.

Some reasons for aviculture are: breeding birds as a hobby, a business like a zoo, or sometimes for research and conservation purposes to preserve and protect some endangered avian species that are at risk due to habitat destruction, the illegal wildlife trade, diseases, and natural disasters. Aviculture encourages conservation, provides education about avian species, provides companion birds for the public, and includes research on avian behaviour. Popular birds people like to keep and breed include budgerigars, cockatiels, finches, macaws, domestic canaries, columbidae (pigeons and doves), loriini (lories and lorikeets), cockatoos, conures, and African grey parrots.
Büchler
Büchler or  Buechler is a German surname.  Notable people with the surname include:

Adolf Büchler (1867–1939), Austro-Hungarian rabbi, historian and theologian

Heinrich Bichler (also Hans Bichler, Heinrich Büchler or Hans Büchler), Swiss painter

Jean-Pierre Büchler (1908–1993), Luxembourgish politician

John Carl Buechler (1952–2019), American director, actor, and special effects and makeup artist

Jud Buechler (born 1968), American professional basketball player

Markus Büchler (born 1955), German surgeon and university professor

Nicole Büchler (born 1983), Swiss pole vaulter

Sándor Büchler (1869–1944), Hungarian rabbi and educator

Heinrich Bichler
Heinrich Bichler (also Hans Bichler, Heinrich Büchler or Hans Büchler; 1466–1497) was a Swiss painter.

Bichler was born in Bern, and later went on to be the instructor for the painter Hans Fries. In 1472 Bichler painted a portrait of Sulpitius the Pious for the Schloss Thorberg. He also completed a coat of arms for two gates leading to the city of Fribourg in 1478, and a scene portraying the Battle of Morat in 1480.
The Battle for the Republic of China
The Battle for the Republic of China (Chinese: 辛亥雙十) is a 1981 Taiwanese drama film directed by Ting Shan-hsi. The film was selected as the Taiwanese entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 55th Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee. It won the Golden Horse Award for Best Feature Film in 1982.

Ting Shan-hsi
Ting Shan-hsi (29 May 1935 – 22 November 2009), also known by his pseudonym Erh Yang, was a Chinese filmmaker and screenwriter who directed over 50 films in Taiwan and Hong Kong, mainly in the 1970s and 1980s.
Gildemeister
Gildemeister is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alfred Gildemeister (1875–1928), German politician

Eberhard Gildemeister (1897–1978), German architect

Fritz Gildemeister (born 1949), Chilean-American tennis player, brother of Hans and Heinz

Hans Gildemeister (born 1956), Chilean tennis player, brother of Fritz and Heinz

Heinz Gildemeister (born 1960), Chilean-Peruvian tennis player, brother of Fritz and Hans

Johann Gildemeister (1812–1890), German Orientalist

Karl Gildemeister (1820–1869), German architect

Laura Gildemeister (born 1964), Peruvian tennis player, ex-wife of Heinz

Otto Gildemeister (1823–1902), German journalist and translator

Rita Gildemeister (born 1947), German athlete

Rita Gildemeister
Rita Gildemeister (born 6 March 1947) is a German athlete. She competed in the women's high jump at the 1972 Summer Olympics, representing East Germany. She became East German champion in 1965, and also won two silver and two bronze between 1967 and 1971. At the East German indoor championships she won four silver medals between 1965 and 1973. She competed for the sports club SC Leipzig.