hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Abraham de Bruyn
Abraham de Bruyn (c. 1539, Antwerp – 1587, Cologne?) was a Flemish engraver. He established himself at Cologne about the year 1577. He is ranked among the Little Masters, on account of his plates being usually very small. He engraved in the manner of Wierix, and worked entirely with the graver, in a neat and formal style, but his drawing is far from correct. It is believed that he worked also as a goldsmith. Among his portraits, and prints of small friezes of hunting, hawking, &c., which are esteemed for their neatness, may be mentioned:

Little Masters
The Little Masters ("Kleinmeister" in German), were a group of German printmakers who worked in the first half of the 16th century, primarily in engraving.  They specialized in very small finely detailed prints, some no larger than a postage stamp.  The leading members were Hans Sebald Beham, his brother Barthel, and George Pencz, all from Nuremberg, and Heinrich Aldegrever and Albrecht Altdorfer.  Many of the Little Masters' subjects were mythological or Old Testament stories, often treated erotically, or genre scenes of peasant life.   The size and subject matter of the prints shows that they were designed for a market of collectors who would keep them in albums, of which a number have survived.

The term Kleinmeister was used of the Nuremberg Little Masters as early as 1679, by Joachim von Sandrart, and has been applied to other groups of artists, from the genre masters of the Dutch Golden Age to a group of 6th-century BC Ancient Greek vase-painters.
Chris Packham
Christopher Gary Packham CBE (born 4 May 1961) is an English naturalist, nature photographer, television presenter and author, best known for his television work including the CBBC children's nature series The Really Wild Show from 1986 to 1995. He has also presented the BBC nature series Springwatch, including Autumnwatch and Winterwatch, since 2009.

Dorling Kindersley
Dorling Kindersley Limited (branded as DK) is a British multinational publishing company specialising in illustrated reference books for adults and children in 63 languages. 
It is part of Penguin Random House, a subsidiary of German media conglomerate Bertelsmann.
Established in 1974, DK publishes a range of titles in genres including travel (including DK Eyewitness Travel), history, geography, science, space, nature, sports, gardening, cookery, parenting and many others. DK has offices in New York, Melbourne, London, Munich, New Delhi, Toronto, Madrid, Beijing, and Jiangmen.
DK works with licensing partners such as Disney, LEGO, DC Comics, the Royal Horticultural Society, MasterChef, and the Smithsonian Institution. 
DK has commissioned authors such as Mary Berry, Monty Don, Robert Winston, Huw Richards, and Steve Mould for a range of books.
Burr–Erdős conjecture
In mathematics, the Burr–Erdős conjecture was a problem concerning the Ramsey number of sparse graphs. The conjecture is named after Stefan Burr and Paul Erdős, and is one of many conjectures named after Erdős; it states that the Ramsey number of graphs in any sparse family of graphs should grow linearly in the number of vertices of the graph.

The conjecture was proven by Choongbum Lee. Thus it is now a theorem.

Linear function
In mathematics, the term linear function refers to two distinct but related notions:

In calculus and related areas, a linear function is a function whose graph is a straight line, that is, a polynomial function of degree zero (a constant polynomial) or one (a linear polynomial). For distinguishing such a linear function from the other concept, the term affine function is often used.

In linear algebra, mathematical analysis, and functional analysis, a linear function is a kind of function between vector spaces.
Caldume
Caldume (Italian) or quarumi (Sicilian) is a Sicilian dish of veal tripe stewed with vegetables, served as a street food in Palermo and Catania.

All parts of the tripe (rumen, omasum, abomasum) as well as the duodenum are stewed with carrots, parsley, tomato, and onion. It is served hot, with salt, pepper, oil, and lemon.

Vendors of quarumi, called "quarumaru", are often found in the public markets. You can find it, from morning to night, both in the local markets and at some stalls scattered throughout the city. A seller of quarumi is called quarumaru. One of the few "quarumari" is Zù Carmelo in Via Oreto Nuova in Palermo, but he has only been open in the afternoon until evening, for 45 years now.

Omasum
The  omasum, also known as the green, the fardel, the manyplies and the psalterium, is the third compartment of the stomach in ruminants. The omasum comes after the rumen and reticulum and before the abomasum. Different ruminants have different omasum structures and function based on the food that they eat and how they developed through evolution.
Kusakari
Kusakari (written: 草刈) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Masao Kusakari (草刈 正雄, born 1952), Japanese actor and model

Tamiyo Kusakari (草刈 民代, born 1965), Japanese ballet dancer and actress

Tamiyo Kusakari
Tamiyo Kusakari (草刈 民代, Kusakari Tamiyo, born 10 May 1965) is a Japanese actress and former ballet dancer. In 1997 her portrayal of Mai Kishikawa in Shall We Dance? won a Japan Academy Prize for Outstanding Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role.
Sardion Aleksi-Meskhishvili
Sardion Demeter Aleksi-Meskhishvili (Georgian: სარდიონ ალექსი-მესხიშვილი; 1814, Ruispiri – 1863) was a Georgian critic, translator, and military doctor. He studied at the Medical Surgical Academy in Moscow from 1832 to 1836, from which he graduated as a doctor and veterinarian. From 1840 he worked as a doctor in Telavi, Sighnaghi and Tbilisi. His critical writings and translations were published in the newspaper Kavkazsa and the magazine Tsiskari which published his letter Ustari Antikritikuli in 1861. There he defended his theory of the principle of division of the Georgian 
noise occlusive consonants into "triads".

Telavi
Telavi (/təˈlɑːvi/; თელავი [t̪ʰeɫaβi]) is the main city and administrative center of the eastern Georgian province of Kakheti. As of the 2024 census, its population was 16,800. The city is located on the foothills of the Tsiv-Gombori Range at 500–800 m (1,600–2,600 ft) above sea level.
Bulan (song)
"Bulan" (lit. transl. Moon), is a song by Filipino singer, songwriter, and producer Felip also known by his stage name Ken, released on May 28, 2022. He wrote the song and produced it with Joshua Daniel Nase. It is a R&B, hip hop-produced song which contains Bisayan word, makes a commentary on modern life through the myth of the Bicolano moon deity, Bulan. Felip uses the story of Bulan as a metaphor for crab mentality.

It premiered on YouTube on May 28, 2022. The music video features the sand dunes of Paoay and the Graciano Cliffs along Cape Bojeador in Ilocos Norte as the backdrop for the battle between darkness and light, taking inspiration from the deities and mythological creatures of pre-colonial times. The "Bulan" MV takes us on a journey to this world as Felip uses ancient Filipino lore as a metaphor for how he chooses to respond to the negativity he receives.

Philippine mythology
Philippine mythology is rooted in the many indigenous Philippine folk religions. Philippine mythology exhibits influence from Hindu, Muslim, Buddhist, and Christian traditions.

Philippine mythology includes concepts akin to those in other belief systems, such as the notions of heaven (kaluwalhatian, kalangitan, kamurawayan), hell (kasamaan, sulad), and the human soul (kaluluwa, kaulolan, makatu, ginoand kud,...).

The primary use of Philippine mythology is to explain the nature of the world, human existence, and life's mysteries. Myths include narratives of heroes, deities (anito, Diwata), and mythological creatures. These myths were transmitted through oral tradition, handed down through generations guided by spiritual leaders or shamans, (babaylan, katalonan, mumbaki, baglan, machanitu, walian, mangubat, bahasa,...), and community elders.
Kramers
Kramers can refer to:

Kramers (bookstore), Independent bookstore in Dupont Circle, Washington, D.C., United States

Kramers (crater), an old lunar impact crater on the northern hemisphere on the far side of the Moon

Kramers F.C., football team from Palau

People

Johannes Hendrik Kramers (26 February 1891 – 17 December 1951), Dutch scholar of Islam

Hans Kramers (2 February 1894 – 24 April 1952), Dutch physicist

Kramers (crater)
Kramers is an old lunar impact crater that is located on the northern hemisphere on the far side of the Moon. It lies some distance to the west of the larger crater Coulomb, and to the northwest of the smaller Weber, and it was named after Hendrik Anthony Kramers, a Dutch physicist, in 1970.

The outer rim of Kramers is heavily eroded and worn, although the perimeter of the original crater can be readily discerned. The younger, but comparably sized formation Kramers C intrudes into the northeast rim, and the two form a crater pair. The later crater has a terraced inner wall and a central peak at the midpoint.

Kramers lies within the Coulomb-Sarton Basin, a 530 km wide impact crater of Pre-Nectarian age.
William Basset (divine)
William Basset (1644–1695) was an English divine.

Basset was the son of Thomas Basset, minister of Great Harborough in Warwickshire, was baptised there 22 October 1644, became a commoner of Magdalen Hall, Oxford, in 1660, and afterwards a demy of Magdalen College, also at the University of Oxford. He graduated M.A., and took orders, was beneficed first in Surrey, afterwards (1671) at Brinklow in his native county, and in July 1683 was presented by the Salters' Company to the rectory of St Swithin in London. His death occurred in the beginning of the year 1695–6, as he was succeeded on 25 March 1696 in his rectory of St Swithin by John Clark, M.A.

Brinklow
Brinklow is a village and civil parish in the Rugby district of Warwickshire, England. It is about halfway between Rugby and Coventry. The parish had a population of 1,120 at the 2021 Census.

Brinklow is an ancient settlement located on the Fosse Way former roman road, it is most well known for the large earthwork remains of Brinklow Castle.
Karen Devine
Karen Dragon Devine is an American computer scientist specializing in high-performance technical computing. She is a Distinguished Member of the Technical Staff in the Center for Computing Research at Sandia National Laboratories. At Sandia, she is part of the development team for the Zoltan and Trilinos scientific computing packages.

High-performance technical computing
High-performance technical computing (HPTC) is the application of high performance computing (HPC) to technical, as opposed to business or scientific, problems (although the lines between the various disciplines are necessarily vague). HPTC often refers to the application of HPC to engineering problems and includes computational fluid dynamics, simulation, modeling, and seismic tomography (particularly in the petrochemical industry).
Mauro Baccelli
Mauro Baccelli (19 May 1980 – 27 April 2008) was an Italian lightweight rower. He won a gold medal at the 1999 World Rowing Championships in St. Catharines with the lightweight men's quadruple scull. Baccelli died in a car crash on the Autostrada A12 near Sarzana.

Lightweight rowing
Lightweight rowing (abbreviated Lwt or Lt) is a category of rowing where limits are placed on the maximum body weight of competitors. According to the International Rowing Federation (FISA), this weight category was introduced "to encourage more universality in the sport especially among nations with less statuesque people".

At the international level, for crew boats, the limits are:

Men: Crew average 70 kg (154.3 lb) – no rower over 72.5 kg (159.8 lb)

Women: Crew average 57 kg (125.7 lb) – no rower over 59 kg (130.1 lb)

For single sculls, the limits are 72.5 kg (159.8 lb) for men and 59 kg (130.1 lb) for women.
Tactics and methods surrounding the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests
The sophistication, novelty and diversity of tactics and methods used by protests in the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests have been noted by many scholars and news outlets around the world. They range from new principles of autonomy and decentralisation, incorporating different methods of demonstration, economic and social protest, and most notably new technological methods for organising and ensuring the security of protesters. Many of these tactics have been used or were inspired by previous protests. The sheer scale, complexity, and variety of tactics used have become a case study for mass protests around the world.

Tsim Sha Tsui
Tsim Sha Tsui (Chinese: 尖沙咀), often abbreviated as TST, is an area in southern Kowloon, Hong Kong. The area is administratively part of the Yau Tsim Mong District. Tsim Sha Tsui East is a piece of land reclaimed from the Hung Hom Bay now east of Tsim Sha Tsui. The area is bounded north by Austin Road and in the east by Hong Chong Road and Cheong Wan Road.

Geographically, Tsim Sha Tsui is a cape on the tip of the Kowloon Peninsula pointing towards Victoria Harbour, opposite Central. Several villages had been established in this location before Kowloon was ceded to the British Empire in 1860. The name Tsim Sha Tsui in Cantonese means sharp sandspit. It was also known as Heung Po Tau (香埗頭), i.e. a port for exporting incense tree.

Tsim Sha Tsui is a major tourist hub in Hong Kong, with many high-end shops, bars, pubs and restaurants that cater to tourists. Many of Hong Kong's museums are located in the area.
Kentucky's 32nd Senate district
Kentucky's 32nd Senatorial district is one of 38 districts in the Kentucky Senate. Located in the southern part of the state, it comprises the counties of Logan, Simpson, Todd, and part of Warren. It has been represented by Mike Wilson (R–Bowling Green) since 2011. As of 2023, the district had a population of 128,080.

Bowling Green, Kentucky
Bowling Green is a city in and the county seat of Warren County, Kentucky, United States. Its population was 72,294 as of the  2020 census, making it the third-most populous city in the state, after Louisville and Lexington. The Bowling Green metropolitan area is the fourth-largest in the state and had a population of 179,639 in 2020.

Founded by pioneers in 1798, Bowling Green was the provisional capital of Confederate Kentucky during the American Civil War. In the 21st century, it is the location of numerous manufacturers, including General Motors, Spalding, and Fruit of the Loom. The Bowling Green Assembly Plant has been the source of all Chevrolet Corvettes built since 1981. Bowling Green is also home to Western Kentucky University (or WKU for short), and the National Corvette Museum.
Gola (surname)
Gola is a surname with multiple origins. Notable people with this surname include:

Emilio Gola (1851–1923), Italian painter

Ferré Gola (born 1976), Congolese musician

José Gola (1904–1939), Argentine actor

Loyiso Gola (born 1983), South African comedian

Sisay Meseret Gola (born 1997), Ethiopian athlete

Tom Gola (1933–2014), American basketball player

Tom Gola
Thomas Joseph Gola (January 13, 1933 – January 26, 2014) was an American basketball player and politician. He is widely considered one of the greatest NCAA basketball players of all time. Gola was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 1976. He led his high school team to the Philadelphia Catholic League championship, his college team to the National Invitation Tournament championship and the NCAA championship, and was on the Philadelphia Warriors 1956 championship team, all in the space of six years.
Neuvic-Entier
Neuvic-Entier (French pronunciation: [nøvik ɑ̃tje]; Occitan: Nòu Vic) is a commune in the Haute-Vienne department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in west-central France.

Inhabitants are known as Neuvicois.

Haute-Vienne
Haute-Vienne (French: [ot vjɛn]; Occitan: Nauta Vinhana or Nauta Viena), also translated as Upper Vienne, is a department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in southwest-central France. Named after the Vienne River, it is one of the twelve départements that together constitute Nouvelle-Aquitaine. The prefecture and largest city in the department is Limoges, the other towns in the department each having fewer than twenty thousand inhabitants. Haute-Vienne had a population of 372,359 in 2019.
Samogitian Upland
56°02′55″N 21°53′20″E﻿ / ﻿56.04861°N 21.88889°E﻿ / 56.04861; 21.88889

The Samogitian Upland (Lithuanian: Žemaičių aukštuma) is a hilly terrain in the west of Lithuania. It is approximately 100 km in length in the northwest to southeast direction and 50 km in width.

The  current terrain of the highlands was formed after the last ice age as a result of the repeated regressions during warmer periods and progressions during colder periods.

The Žemaitija National Park and the  Varniai Regional Park are within the area.

The rivers that begin in the highlands include:  Venta, Virvyčia, Minija, Babrungas, Kražantė, Akmena, Ančia. The lakes within the area include: Plateliai Lake, Lūkstas, Paršežeris, Biržulis.

Its highest, central part is the Samogitian Watershed, which contains the highest point in the upland: the Medvėgalis hill  (234.6 m).

Its eastern part is the East Samogitian Plateau, the western part is the West Samogitian Plateau.

Plateliai Lake
Lake Plateliai (Samogitian dialect: Plateliu ežers) is the biggest lake in Samogitia and 9th biggest in Lithuania. It is the central attraction in the Žemaitija National Park. It covers about 12 square kilometres (4.6 sq mi) and reaches up to 49 metres (161 ft) in depth. It has seven islands, one of them housed a castle and now is called Castle Island. Archeologists found remains of two castles and think it might be the Queen Bona castle. The lake has both diving and yacht clubs. Plateliai town is located on the west bank of the lake.
Imake
imake is a build automation system written for the X Window System. It was used by X from X11R1 (1987) to X11R6.9 (2005), and continued to be used in XFree86 (last commit 2009). It is implemented on top of the C preprocessor and make. The first version was written by Todd Brunhoff at Tektronix.

imake generates makefiles from a template, a set of C preprocessor macro functions, and a per-directory input file called an Imakefile.  This allows machine dependencies (such as compiler options, alternate command names, and special make rules) to be kept separate from the descriptions of the various items to be built.

imake was heavily used for X and X-related software through the 1990s, and for unrelated software such as ChorusOS. It was also used for configuration management.

With the release of X.org X11R7.0, it was replaced by GNU Autotools. (X11R6.9 and X11R7.0 were the same codebase with a different build system.). X.Org plans to use Meson in the future instead of Autotools.

Tektronix
Tektronix, Inc., historically widely known as Tek, is an American company best known for manufacturing test and measurement devices such as oscilloscopes, logic analyzers, and video and mobile test protocol equipment.  Originally an independent company, it is now a subsidiary of Ralliant, a spinoff from Fortive.
New Athos Monastery
New Athos Monastery (Georgian: ახალი ათონის მონასტერი, romanized: akhali atonis monast'eri;  Abkhaz: Афон Ҿыцтәи аберҭыԥ; Russian: Новоафонский монастырь, Novoafonskiy monastir’) is a monastery in New Athos, municipality of Gudauta, in a breakaway republic of Abkhazia (mostly internationally recognized as a part of Georgia). New Athos Monastery was founded in 1875 by monks who came from the St. Panteleimon Monastery in Mount Athos, with Mount Athos having been an important site for the Orthodox Church since 1054.

Gudauta
Gudauta (Georgian: გუდაუთა, [ɡudautʰa] ⓘ; Abkhaz: Гәдоуҭа, Gwdowtha; Russian: Гудаута, Gudauta) is a town in Abkhazia/Georgia, and the capital of the eponymous district. It is situated on the Black Sea, 37 km northwest of Sukhumi, the capital of Abkhazia. It is the namesake for the Gudauta Bay.
Svasaṃvedana
In Buddhist philosophy, svasaṃvedana (also svasaṃvitti) is a term which refers to the reflexive nature of consciousness, or the awareness of being aware. It was initially a theory of cognition held by the Mahāsaṃghika and Sautrāntika schools while the Sarvāstivāda-Vaibhāṣika school argued against it.

The idea was famously defended by the Indian philosopher Dignāga, and is an important doctrinal term in Indian Mahāyāna thought and Tibetan Buddhism. It is also often translated as self-cognition or self-apperception, and by Malcolm Smith as "one's own vidyā."

Abhidharma Mahāvibhāṣa Śāstra
The Abhidharma Mahāvibhāṣā Śāstra (Sanskrit: अभिधर्म महाविभाष शास्त्र) is an ancient Buddhist text. It is thought to have been authored around 150 CE. It is an encyclopedic work on Abhidharma—scholastic Buddhist philosophy. Its composition led to the founding of a new doctrinal school, called Vaibhāṣika ("those [upholders] of the Vibhāṣā"), which was very influential in the history of Buddhist thought and practice.
Cindy Birdsong
Cynthia Ann Birdsong (born December 15, 1939) is an American singer who became famous as a member of the Supremes in 1967, when she replaced co-founding member Florence Ballard. Birdsong had previously been a member of Patti LaBelle & The Bluebelles.

I Sold My Heart to the Junkman
"'I Sold My Heart to the Junkman'" is a 1946 recording by The Basin Street Boys featuring Ormonde Wilson, written by Leon René, under the songwriting pseudonym of Jimmie Thomas. It was released on the Exclusive Records label in 1946.  It was covered a year later by Etta Jones with J. C. Heard and his Orchestra and released on RCA Victor.
St James the Great Church
Saint James the Great Church is a large Protestant church in the city of Flushing, Netherlands. The building is on the Old Market (Oude Markt); around are the streets called Branderijstraat and Lepelstraat. The original Roman Catholic church of the city, it has belonged to the Dutch Reformed Church since 1572, which became the Protestant Church in the Netherlands in 2004.

The church is pseudo-basilican in style; the aisles are almost as wide as the nave, the three aisles each have their own vault and the nave rises above the aisles, although a clerestory is missing.

Vlissingen
Vlissingen (Dutch: [ˈvlɪsɪŋə(n)] ⓘ; Zeelandic: Vlissienge) is a municipality and a city in the southwestern Netherlands on the island of Walcheren. With its strategic location between the Scheldt river and the North Sea, Vlissingen has been an important harbour for centuries. It was granted city rights in 1315. In the 17th century the roadstead of Vlissingen was a main harbour for ships of the Dutch East India Company (VOC). It is also known as the birthplace of Lieutenant-Admiral Michiel de Ruyter.

Vlissingen is mainly noted for the yards on the Scheldt where most of the ships of the Royal Netherlands Navy (Koninklijke Marine) are built.
Hillsdale, Pennsylvania
Hillsdale is an unincorporated community in Indiana County, Pennsylvania, United States. The community is located on Pennsylvania Route 286, 16.7 miles (26.9 km) northeast of Indiana. Hillsdale has a post office, with ZIP code 15746.

Indiana, Pennsylvania
Indiana is a borough in Indiana County, Pennsylvania, United States, and its county seat. The population was 14,044 at the 2020 census. It is the principal city of the Indiana, Pennsylvania micropolitan area, about 46 miles (74 km) northeast of Pittsburgh. It is a part of the greater Pittsburgh–New Castle–Weirton combined statistical area, as well as the Johnstown and Pittsburgh media markets.

The borough and the region as a whole promote itself as the "Christmas Tree Capital of the World" because the national Christmas Tree Growers Association was founded there. There are still many Christmas tree farms in the area. The largest employer in the borough today is Indiana University of Pennsylvania, the second-largest of 14 PASSHE schools in the state.