hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fractional ideal
In mathematics, in particular commutative algebra, the concept of fractional ideal is introduced in the context of integral domains and is particularly fruitful in the study of Dedekind domains. In some sense, fractional ideals of an integral domain are like ideals where denominators are allowed. In contexts where fractional ideals and ordinary ring ideals are both under discussion, the latter are sometimes termed integral ideals for clarity.

Commutative algebra
Commutative algebra, first known as ideal theory, is the branch of algebra that studies commutative rings, their ideals, and modules over such rings. Both algebraic geometry and algebraic number theory build on commutative algebra. Prominent examples of commutative rings include polynomial rings; rings of algebraic integers, including the ordinary integers ; and p-adic integers.

Commutative algebra is the main technical tool of algebraic geometry, and many results and concepts of commutative algebra are strongly related with geometrical concepts.

The study of rings that are not necessarily commutative is known as noncommutative algebra; it includes ring theory, representation theory, and the theory of Banach algebras.
Nikita Osipov
Nikita Osipov (born April 22, 1984) is a Belarusian ice hockey player. He is currently playing with the HC Dinamo Minsk of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL).

Osipov played in the KHL with HC Sibir Novosibirsk during the 2012–13 season.

HC Sibir Novosibirsk
Hockey Club Sibir Novosibirsk Oblast (Russian: ХК Сибирь, English: Siberia HC), also known as HC Sibir or Sibir Novosibirsk, is a professional ice hockey club based in Novosibirsk, Russia. It is a member of the Chernyshev Division in the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL).
Wayne Hutchinson
Wayne Hutchinson is an Irish sportsperson. He plays hurling with his local club Ballygunner and has been a member of the Waterford senior inter-county team since 2011, making his Championship debut against Limerick on 12 June 2011, starting at full back.

Limerick GAA
The Limerick County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) (Irish: Cumann Lúthchleas Gael, Coiste Chontae Luimneach) or Limerick GAA is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland, and is responsible for Gaelic games in County Limerick. The county board is also responsible for the Limerick county teams.

The county hurling team has the fourth highest total of All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship (SHC) titles, behind Kilkenny, Cork and Tipperary. The county football team was the first from the province of Munster both to win an All-Ireland Senior Football Championship (SFC), as well as to appear in the final.

As of 2009, there were 108 clubs affiliated to Limerick GAA — the third highest, alongside Antrim.
CIGI
CIGI can refer to:

Carrabba's Italian Grill Inc., a chain of over 200 Italian-style restaurants in the USA

Centre for International Governance Innovation

Colliers International Group Inc., a Canada-based real estate services firm

Common Image Generator Interface

Consolidated Industrial Gases, Inc., a member of the Linde Group, the leading industrial gas company in the Philippines.

Common Image Generator Interface
The Common Image Generator Interface (CIGI) (pronounced sig-ee), is an on-the-wire data protocol that allows communication between an Image Generator and its host simulation.  The interface is designed to promote a standard way for a host device to communicate with an image generator (IG) within the industry.

CIGI enables plug-and-play by standard-compliant image generator vendors and reduces integration costs when upgrading visual systems.
Majagual, Dominican Republic
Majagual is a small town in the province of Monte Plata, Dominican Republic. The population is approximately 1400.

Many of its residents have immigrated abroad to the US and Europe but they still maintain a strong connection to the town and help the population that remain behind.

Many of the town's young residents attend college in the capital of Santo Domingo, transportation is provided by the local government.

The town is divided into 6 neighborhoods: Sector Deportivo, Higuerito, San Jose, Las Flores, Rinconsolo and El Grillo.

The local economy is based on cattle ranching and dairy products. There used to be a farming communities, but the government took the land from the farmer and convert it into extension of the Haitises national park.

Dairy product
Dairy products or milk products are food products made from (or containing) milk. The most common dairy animals are cow, water buffalo, goat, and sheep. Dairy products consumed around the world include yogurt, cheese, milk, and butter. A facility that produces dairy products is a dairy. Dairy products are consumed worldwide to varying degrees. Some people avoid some or all dairy products because of lactose intolerance, veganism, environmental concerns, or other reasons or beliefs.
1816 New Hampshire gubernatorial election
The 1816 New Hampshire gubernatorial election was held on March 12, 1816.

Incumbent Federalist Governor John Taylor Gilman did not run for re-election.

Democratic-Republican nominee William Plumer 
defeated Federalist nominee James Sheafe.

John Taylor Gilman
John Taylor Gilman (December 19, 1753 – September 1, 1828) was a farmer, shipbuilder and statesman from Exeter, New Hampshire. He represented New Hampshire in the Continental Congress in 1782–1783 and was the fifth governor of New Hampshire for nearly 14 years, from 1794 to 1805, and from 1813 to 1816. Taylor Gilman's tenure as governor of 13 years, 11 months, and 25 days is the longest for any governor from the Federalist Party.
Ponte della Magliana
Ponte della Magliana is a motorway bridge in Rome (Italy). It crosses the Tiber between Pian due Torri (right bank) and Via del Cappellaccio (left bank), linking the Quartieri Portuense and Ostiense, respectively, on the right and on the left of the river.

It is currently part of a larger viaduct, which continues on the right bank of the Tiber towards the Colli Portuensi urban zone and the highway to the Fiumicino Airport and on the left one towards the EUR district, the Tre Fontane urban zone and Via Laurentina.

Quarters of Rome
The Quarters of Rome (Italian: Quartieri di Roma) are the areas in and around the Italian city of Rome which became urbanised after the foundation of the last city-centre rione, Prati.

They form the second level of administrative sub-divisions of Roma Capitale. Together they cover 171.38 km2 and hold 1483913 inhabitants.
Patrick Palmer (politician)
Patrick William Palmer (13 April 1889 – 21 March 1971) was an Irish Fine Gael politician who served as a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Kerry South constituency from 1948 to 1961.

A national school teacher before entering politics, he was first elected to Dáil Éireann as a Fine Gael TD for the Kerry South constituency at the 1948 general election. He was re-elected at the 1951, 1954 and 1957 general elections. He retired from politics at the 1961 general election.

Kerry South (Dáil constituency)
Kerry South was a parliamentary constituency represented in Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Irish parliament or Oireachtas, from 1937 to 2016. The constituency elected 3 deputies (Teachtaí Dála, commonly known as TDs). The method of election was proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV).
Feel Desain
Feel Desain is a blog aimed at the creative industries. It features general articles, inspiration, and visual communications related to categories including Adv, Architecture, Art, Design, Digital, Photography, Events, Fashion & Graphic Design, and also runs giveaways of selected products for readers.

Based in Turin, the online magazine has a particular focus on Italian products, designers and artists, but also regularly publishes articles about other projects from around the world. The articles are written in English.

Feel Desain also has a section called 8 Questions With..., featuring interviews with influential people in the world of creativity and design, such as founder of Red Dot, Peter Zec, architect Carlo Ratti, and illustrators such Elisa Talentino and Fernando Cobelo.

In 2014 Feel Desain released its first paper magazine called Feel, while in May 2018 the second issue was launched during Forward Festivals in Munich, Germany with 2.000 visitors and more than 40 speakers.

Red Dot Design Award
The Red Dot Design Award is an international, annual design competition for product and industrial design, brand and communication design as well as design concepts, in which the Red Dot quality label is awarded to winners. The Red Dot Design Award, which is organized by Red Dot GmbH & Co. KG, dates back to 1954 when the "Verein Industrieform e. V." was founded.

The competition is divided into the three disciplines Red Dot Award: Product Design, Red Dot Award: Brands & Communication Design and Red Dot Award: Design Concept. Participation in the competition is subject to a fee, the submissions are then evaluated by an international jury. Products, concepts and works that have received the Red Dot Design Award are presented in exhibitions (e.g. the Red Dot Design Museum in Essen), yearbooks and online. In addition, winning designers and companies can use the "Red Dot" quality label for their product and corporate communication.
Henrike
Henrike is a feminine given name of Germanic origin, the female form of the male given name Henrik. Notable women with the name include:

Henrike Brandstötter (born 1975), Austrian politician

Henrike Hahn (born 1970), German politician

Henrike Handrup (born 1983), German former Paralympic cyclist

Henrike Heiland (born 1975; pen name: Zoë Beck), German writer, publisher, and translator

Henrike Kadzidroga (born 1971), German tennis player

Henrike Lähnemann (born 1968), German medievalist and academic

Henrike Naumann (1984–2026), German installation artist

Henrike Naumann
Henrike Naumann (1984 – 14 February 2026) was a German installation artist. She became known for her furniture installations, often made from wall units from the 1990s. In her work, she explored the relationship between furniture and interior design with political and social issues. Her unconventional approach to complex political issues has garnered broad media attention. Naumann received numerous awards, including the Karl-Schmidt-Rottluff Fellowship, the Max Pechstein Prize from the city of Zwickau, and the Villa Aurora Scholarship from the Thomas Mann House, Los Angeles. Major exhibitions of her work have taken place at the SculptureCenter in New York, the Haus der Kunst in Munich, Documenta in Kassel and the Kyiv Biennal in Ukraine. At the 61st Venice Biennale in summer 2026, Naumann was set to design the German pavilion together with Sung Tieu.
Knut Stenborg
Knut Stenborg (25 March 1890, in Hjo – 10 October 1946, in Vänersborg) was a Swedish athlete. He competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics in London and in the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm.

In the 100 metres, Stenborg placed second in his first round heat with a time of 11.5 seconds. His loss to Robert Duncan eliminated Stenborg from competition.

Stenborg placed fourth and last in his preliminary heat of the 200 metres, not advancing to the semifinals in that event either.

Four years later, he was eliminated in the first round of the 200 metres competition. In the 400 metres event he was eliminated in the semi-finals. He was also a member of the Swedish relay team, which was eliminated in the first round of the 4x400 metre relay contest.

Athletics at the 1908 Summer Olympics – Men's 100 metres
The men's 100 metres was the shortest of the sprint races at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London. The competition was held over the course of three days. The first round was held on 20 July, the semifinals on 21 July, and the final on 22 July. NOCs could enter up to 12 athletes, The event was won by Reggie Walker of South Africa, the first time the gold medal went to a nation other than the United States. The Americans did stay on the podium with James Rector's silver medal. Canada won its first medal in the event, a bronze by Robert Kerr.
Chalabi (surname)
Chalabi (Arabic: جلبي) is a surname. Notable people with the surname Chalabi or al-Chalabi include:

Ahmed Chalabi (1944–2015), Iraqi politician

Ammar Al-Chalabi (fl. 1999 – present), British neuroscientist and motor neuron diseases researcher

Burhan Al-Chalabi (born 1947), British-Iraqi writer and political commentator

Edgard Chalabi (1928–1963), Lebanese chess master

Fadhil Chalabi (1929–2019), Iraqi oil economist

Husam al-Din Chalabi (1225–1284), Kurdish Muslim Sufi and a prominent disciple of Rumi

Issam Al-Chalabi (1942–2025), Iraqi politician

Mona Chalabi (born 1987), British writer

Nuri Ja'far Ali al-Chalabi, known as Nuri Ja'far (1914–1991), Iraqi psychologist and philosopher of education

Salem Chalabi (born 1963), Iraqi lawyer

Selma Chalabi (fl. 2000s), British radio producer and journalist

Burhan Al-Chalabi
Burhan Al-Chalabi (born 1 March 1947) is a British-Iraqi writer and political commentator, and an expert on Middle Eastern relations. He is also the publisher of the London Magazine, Britain's oldest journal of the arts and literature (est 1732). Al-Chalabi is the founder and former chairman of the British-Iraqi Foundation, and has been described as one of the most prominent Iraqis living in the UK. He is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts, and a member of the Royal Institute of International Affairs. He is also a former academic advisor to the United Arab Emirates.
Teenager (Jane Siberry album)
Teenager is a 1996 album by Jane Siberry.

It was her first release for Sheeba Records, the independent label she established for herself after the end of her contract with Reprise Records. The album is composed of songs that Siberry had written as a teenager, but had never subsequently released on record.

Reprise Records
Reprise Records is an American record label founded in 1960 by Frank Sinatra. It is owned by Warner Music Group, and operates through Warner Records, one of its flagship labels.

Artists currently signed to Reprise Records include Green Day, Enya, Michael Bublé, Eric Clapton, Stevie Nicks, Neil Young, Deftones, Lindsey Buckingham, Josh Groban, Disturbed, Idina Menzel, My Chemical Romance, Gerard Way, Dwight Yoakam, Never Shout Never, and Billy Strings.
School for Husbands
School for Husbands is a 1937 British comedy film directed by Andrew Marton and starring Rex Harrison, Diana Churchill and June Clyde.

The film was an independent production which was shot at Shepperton Studios. It was distributed by the newly-formed General Film Distributors. It was based on a 1932 play by Frederick J. Jackson.

Film distribution
Film distribution, also called film exhibition or film distribution and exhibition, is the process of making a film available for viewing to an audience. This is normally the task of a professional film distributor, who would determine the marketing and release strategy for the film, the media by which a film is to be exhibited or made available for viewing and other matters. The film may be exhibited directly to the public either through a movie theater, physical media (DVD, Blu-ray), digital download/transactional video on demand (VOD) (sale or rental), subscription VOD (e.g. Amazon Prime Video, Apple TV+, Disney+, Netflix) or television programs through broadcast syndication. For commercial projects, film distribution is usually accompanied by film promotion.
Thomas Charles John Bain
Thomas Charles John Bain (29 September 1830 – 29 September 1893) was a South African road engineer. As a prolific road building pioneer, Bain was responsible for the planning and construction of more than 900 km of roads and mountain passes, many of them still in use today, over a career spanning from 1848 until 1888. These passes through the mountain ranges between the thin coastal plain and the interior of the former Cape Colony in South Africa, played a major role in opening up the vast hinterland of South Africa.

Montagu, South Africa
Montagu is a town in the Western Cape province of South Africa, about 180 kilometres (110 mi) from Cape Town in the Western Little Karoo.

The town is named after former secretary of the Cape Colony, John Montagu, but was once known as Agter Cogman's Kloof, Cogman's Kloof linking the town and railway station. It is situated at the confluence of the Keisie and Kingna rivers.

Montagu was founded on the farm "Uitvlugt" in 1851, and is known for its hot mineral springs and scenic mountains. It is also an agricultural centre, where orchards and vineyards are in production and local herbs are grown. The farming area, 'Koo', lies north of the town and is famous for the quality of its apples, pears, apricots and peaches.
Olga Bondarenko
Olga Petrovna Bondarenko (née Krentser, Russian: О́льга Петро́вна Бондаре́нко-Кренцер; born 2 June 1960 in Slavgorod) is a retired Russian track and field athlete who competed mainly in the 10,000 metres. She trained at the Armed Forces sports society in Volgograd and represented the Soviet Union internationally.

She competed for the Soviet Union at the 1988 Summer Olympics held in Seoul, South Korea, where she won the gold medal in the first Olympic women's 10,000 metres event, setting a new Olympic record with a time of 31:05.21.

Slavgorod
Slavgorod (Russian: Сла́вгород) is a town in Altai Krai, Russia, located between Lakes Sekachi and Bolshoye Yarovoye. The population of the town is 32,389 (2010 Census).

It was founded in 1910 and was granted town status in 1914.
Julio César Urías
Julio César Urías Meda (born 11 January 1972) is a Guatemalan retired race walker. He won the bronze medal in the men's 50 km race walk event at the 1995 Pan American Games in Mar del Plata, Argentina, where he set his personal best - 3:49.37 on 24 March 1995.

1995 Pan American Games
The 1995 Pan American Games, officially known as the XII Pan American Games (Spanish: XII Juegos Panamericanos) and commonly known as Mar del Plata 1995, were held in Mar del Plata, Argentina, from 12 to 26 March 1995. After 44 years, this was the Pan American Games' first return to the country that hosted the first Games, in 1951.
Daniel Hoeffel
Daniel Timothée Paul Hoeffel (French: [danjɛl timɔte pɔl ɔfɛl]; 23 January 1929 – 14 October 2025) was a French politician of the Centre of Social Democrats (CDS), the Union for French Democracy (UDF), and the Union for a Popular Movement (UMP).

Hoeffel was notably the son of politician Robert Hoeffel and grew up in an Alsatian Protestant family.

He served as Minister of Transport from 1980 to 1981 under third government of Prime Minister Raymond Barre. From 1995 to 2001, he represented France in the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe. He represented Bas-Rhin in the Senate from 1977 to 1978, 1981 to 1993, and 1995 to 2004.

Hoeffel died in Strasbourg on 14 October 2025, at the age of 96.

Centre of Social Democrats
The Centre of Social Democrats (French: Centre des démocrates sociaux, pronounced [sɑ̃tʁ de demɔkʁat sɔsjo], CDS; also translated as the "Democratic and Social Centre") was a Christian-democratic and centrist political party in France. It existed from 1976 to 1995 and was based both directly and indirectly on the tradition of the Popular Republican Movement (MRP). The CDS was one of the co-founding parties of the European People's Party (EPP); it later merged into the Democratic Force (FD).
Mors Subita
Mors Subita (Latin: Sudden Death) is a melodic death metal band from Finland. It has released four studio albums, including the first Human Waste Compression in 2011. The band's music has been said to be influenced by Carcass, At the Gates, Arch Enemy and others.

Arch Enemy
Arch Enemy is a Swedish melodic death metal band, originally a supergroup from Halmstad, formed in 1995. Its members were in bands such as Carcass, Armageddon, Carnage, Mercyful Fate, Spiritual Beggars, The Agonist, Nevermore, Eucharist, and Once Human. It was founded by Carcass guitarist Michael Amott along with Johan Liiva, who were both originally from the death metal band Carnage. The band has released eleven studio albums, three live albums, three video albums and four EPs. The band was originally fronted by Johan Liiva, who was replaced by German vocalist Angela Gossow in 2000. Gossow left the band in March 2014, subsequently becoming the group's manager, and was replaced by Canadian vocalist Alissa White-Gluz. White-Gluz left the band at the end of 2025. Australian vocalist Lauren Hart was announced as the band's new frontwoman on 19 February 2026.
Dooryard Bloom
Dooryard Bloom is a composition for solo baritone and orchestra by the American composer Jennifer Higdon. The work was commissioned by the Brooklyn Philharmonic in 2004 and was premiered on April 16, 2005, by the baritone Nmon Ford and the Brooklyn Philharmonic under the conductor Michael Christie. The piece is adapted from the poem "When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd" by the American author Walt Whitman.

Jennifer Higdon
Jennifer Elaine Higdon (born December 31, 1962) is an American composer of contemporary classical music. She has received many awards, including the 2010 Pulitzer Prize for Music for her Violin Concerto and three Grammy Awards for Best Contemporary Classical Composition for her Percussion Concerto in 2010, Viola Concerto in 2018, and Harp Concerto in 2020. Elected a Member of the American Philosophical Society in 2019, she was a professor of composition at the Curtis Institute of Music from 1994 to 2021.
Neptune's Fountain, Gdańsk
Neptune's Fountain (Polish: Fontanna Neptuna; German: Neptunbrunnen) is a historic fountain in Gdańsk, a Mannerist-Rococo masterpiece, and one of the most distinctive landmarks of the city. The fountain is located at the Długi Targ (Long Market), in front of the entrance to the Artus Court. It was constructed in the early 17th century. Kashubians use a nickname Krësztof for the sculpture.

Coat of arms of Poland
The coat of arms of Poland is the heraldic symbol representing Poland. The current version was adopted in 1990. It is a white, crowned eagle with a golden beak and talons, on a red background.

In Poland, the coat of arms as a whole is referred to as godło both in official documents and colloquial speech, despite the fact that other coats of arms are usually called a herb (e.g. the Nałęcz herb or the coat of arms of Finland). This stems from the fact that in Polish heraldry, the word godło (plural: godła) means only a heraldic charge (in this particular case a white crowned eagle) and not an entire coat of arms, but it is also an archaic word for a national symbol of any sort. In later legislation only the herb retained this designation; it is unknown why.
Fontes Pereira de Melo
António Maria de Fontes Pereira de Melo GCTE KGF (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈfõtɨʃ pɨˈɾɐjɾɐ ðɨ ˈmɛlu]; Lisbon, 8 September 1819 – 22 January 1887) was a Portuguese statesman and engineer. He was a leading parliamentarian and political figure of his time. Among other posts held, he was six times minister of finance and minister of public works. From 1871 to 1886, he served three times as prime minister of Portugal, for a total of 11 years.

Fontes Pereira de Melo is mostly remembered for implementing dynamic industrial and public infrastructure policy, which became known as Fontismo (after his name). He also implemented educational reforms in accordance with the industrialization process he initiated (see Instituto Industrial de Lisboa and Escola Industrial do Porto).

Ministry of Planning (Portugal)
The Ministry of Planning (Portuguese: Ministério do Planeamento), formerly Ministry of Public Works, Transport and Communications (Ministério das Obras Públicas, Transportes e Comunicações or MOPTC) was a Portuguese government ministry. It had its head office in Lisbon.

The Gabinete de Prevenção e Investigação de Acidentes com Aeronaves was a subordinate agency.