hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thomas Price (Carnhuanawc)
The Reverend Thomas Price (2 October 1787 – 7 November 1848) (known by the bardic name of Carnhuanawc) was a historian and a major Welsh literary figure of the early 19th century. Price was also "an essayist, orator, naturalist, educationalist, linguist, antiquarian, artist and musician". He contributed to learned and popular journals and was a leading figure in the revival of the Eisteddfod.

Bardic name
A bardic name (Welsh: enw barddol, Cornish: hanow bardhek, Breton: anv ur barzh) is a pseudonym used by poets and other artists in the Brythonic cultures of Wales, Cornwall and Brittany.

In Wales, it is also associated with the National Eisteddfod, with new members of the Gorsedd assuming a bardic name when being admitted.
Desmond Surfleet
Desmond Ford Surfleet (5 February 1912, in Drumcondra, Dublin, Ireland – 13 May 2006, in Los Altos, California) was an Irish cricketer and schoolmaster.

He was educated at University College School (UCS), Hampstead, and Christ's College, Cambridge, where he qualified as a doctor. He created an impression for UCS in schools cricket and also in club cricket for Finchley.

He represented Cambridge University and Middlesex in 14 first-class matches between 1931 and 1933 as a defensive top-order batsman and off-spinner. He scored 86 on his Freshman's debut versus against the New Zealand tourists in 1931. He scored 337 runs at an average of 16.85 and took seven catches. After entering teaching, he took part in no further county cricket.

He was the second oldest surviving Middlesex cricketer at the time of his death in May 2006.

Off spin
Off spin is a type of spin bowling in cricket. A bowler who uses this technique is called an off spinner. Off spinners bowl with their right-arm and a  finger spin action. Their normal delivery is called an off break, which spins from left to right (from the bowler's perspective) when the ball bounces on the pitch. For a right-handed batter, the ball breaks towards them from the off side, hence the name 'off break'.

Off spinners bowl mostly off breaks, varying them by adjusting the line and length of the deliveries. Off spinners also bowl other types of delivery, which spin differently. Aside from these variations in spin, varying the speed, length and flight of the ball are also important for the off spinner.

The bowler with the most wickets in the history of both Test matches and ODIs, Muttiah Muralitharan, was an off spinner.
Quasi-isomorphism
In homological algebra, a branch of mathematics, a quasi-isomorphism or quism is a morphism A → B of chain complexes (respectively, cochain complexes) such that the induced morphisms

of homology groups (respectively, of cohomology groups) are isomorphisms for all n.

In the theory of model categories, quasi-isomorphisms are sometimes used as the class of weak equivalences when the objects of the category are chain or cochain complexes. This results in a homology-local theory, in the sense of Bousfield localization in homotopy theory.

Homotopy theory
In mathematics, homotopy theory is a systematic study of situations in which maps can come with homotopies between them. It originated as a topic in algebraic topology, but nowadays is learned as an independent discipline.
Teen Top
Teen Top (Korean: 틴탑) is a South Korean boy band formed by TOP Media in 2010. The group is composed of four members: Chunji, Niel, Ricky and Changjo. Originally a six-piece group, L.Joe had filed for contract termination in February 2017, and former leader C.A.P. left the group on May 11, 2023. Teen Top debuted with their first single album Come into the World on July 9, 2010.

Music Bank
Music Bank (Korean: 뮤직뱅크) is a South Korean music program which airs every Friday at 17:15 KST on KBS2. As of 2015, the show is also broadcast in more than a hundred countries through KBS World. Episodes are filmed at the KBS New Wing Open Hall in Yeouido-dong, Yeongdeungpo District. The show also organizes the global live concert Music Bank World Tour.
J. Smeaton Chase
Joseph Smeaton Chase (8 April 1864 – 29 March 1923) was an English-born American author, traveler, and photographer. He has become an integral part of California literature: revered for his poignant descriptions of California landscapes. An Englishman who toured the Santa Rosa and San Jacinto mountains in 1915 with his burro, Mesquit, Chase published poetic diary entries detailing his escapades through the Sierra Nevada mountains and California desert.

American Geographical Society
The American Geographical Society (AGS) is an organization of professional geographers, founded in 1851 in New York City. Most fellows of the society are Americans, but among them have always been a significant number of fellows from around the world. The society encourages activities that expands geographical knowledge, and the interpretation of that knowledge so that it can be useful to geographers and other disciplines, especially in a policymaking environment. It is the oldest nationwide geographical organization in the United States. Over the century and a half of its existence, the AGS has been especially interested in three regions: the Arctic, the Antarctic, and Latin America. A signature characteristic of the AGS-sponsored exploration was the requirement that its expeditions produce tangible scientific results.
Pat Cortina
Pasqualino "Pat" Cortina (born 4 September 1964) is a Canadian ice hockey coach who has coached several club and national teams in Europe since the 1990s. He is serving as head coach of the SC Riessersee in Germany.

SC Riessersee
SC Riessersee is a professional ice hockey team based in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Oberbayern, Germany. They currently play in the Oberliga, the third level of ice hockey in Germany. Prior to the 2013–14 season, they played in the 2nd Bundesliga. They play their home games at the  Olympia-Eissport-Zentrum.

The club is the most historic club in the German professional league, with the most German championships.

Famous players who played in the club are the current president of the German Icehockey Federation Franz Reindl and Ignaz Berndaner, both local players and national players and Olympic medallists in the 1976 Olympic games at Innsbruck.

The SC Riessersee has played in its history 26 championship finals, being considered today a cult club in German sports.
NGC 6800
NGC 6800 is a open cluster in Vulpecula. It is located 30' to the east of Alpha Vulpeculae. It was discovered in 10 September, 1784, by William Herschel and independently rediscovered by his son John Herschel on 18 August 1828.

The cluster contains 109 members. The brightest are 10th magnitude stars, with the remainder being dimmer main-sequence stars.

John Herschel
Sir John Frederick William Herschel, 1st Baronet KH FRS (/ˈhɜːrʃəl, ˈhɛər-/; 7 March 1792 – 11 May 1871) was an English polymath active as a mathematician, astronomer, chemist, inventor and experimental photographer who invented the blueprint and did botanical work.

Herschel originated the use of the Julian day system in astronomy. He named seven moons of Saturn and four moons of Uranus – the seventh planet, discovered by his father Sir William Herschel. He made many contributions to the science of photography, and investigated colour blindness and the chemical power of ultraviolet rays. His Preliminary Discourse (1831), which advocated an inductive approach to scientific experiment and theory-building, was an important contribution to the philosophy of science.
Marakkanam
Marakkanam is a developing town and taluk in Villupuram district of Tamil Nadu. It is well connected to the state capital Chennai and the nearby union territory of Puducherry by the East Coast Road.  To the west, Marakkanam is connected to the city of Tindivanam by the SH-134. Marakkanam is situated on the declared National Waterways NW-4. On materialisation of National Waterways NW-4, Marakkanam will be connected to two states Andhra Pradesh (Kakinada) and Puducherry through north and south of Buckingham Canal.

Mamallapuram
Mamallapuram (also known as Mahabalipuram), is a town in Chengalpattu district in the southeastern Indian state of Tamil Nadu, best known for the UNESCO World Heritage Site of 7th- and 8th-century Hindu Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram. It is one of the famous tourist sites in India. The ancient name of the place is Thirukadalmallai. It is a part of Chennai Metropolitan Area. It is a satellite town of Chennai.

Mamallapuram was one of two major port cities in the Pallava kingdom. The town was named after Pallava king Narasimhavarman I, who was also known as Mamalla. Along with economic prosperity, it became the site of a group of royal monuments, many carved out of the living rock. These are dated to the 7th and 8th centuries: rathas (temples in the form of chariots), mandapas (cave sanctuaries), the giant open-air rock relief the Descent of the Ganges, and the Shore Temple dedicated to Shiva. The contemporary town plan was established by the British Raj in 1827.
Resorts International Holdings
Resorts International Holdings, LLC (RIH), also known as Colony Resorts Holdings (CRH) was an affiliate of Colony NorthStar based in Las Vegas, Nevada.
As of 2005, they were the fifth largest gaming company in America under Nick Ribis.

RIH was created by Colony Capital (now known as Colony NorthStar) in 2000 after it purchased Resorts Atlantic City from Sun International for $144 million and continued to grow its portfolio through the acquisition of properties that were in decline. Further acquisitions in partnership with Colony included the Las Vegas Hilton, Bally's Tunica, Resorts Casino Tunica, Ameristar Casino East Chicago and Atlantic City Hilton.

After selling Resorts East Chicago to Ameristar and losing Resorts Atlantic City in bankruptcy, RIH was in decline. It lost its last casino, the Atlantic Club Casino in bankruptcy in 2014.

Sun International
Sun International is a South African gambling and hospitality company, founded by Sol Kerzner in 1967.

Sun International owns diverse assets, including the Sun City resort in Ledig, in the North West Province, and an online gambling platform.

Specializing in gambling and hospitality, the company has 42.5% of the South African casino market share, and owns or holds a significant interest in 11 out of the 38 operating casinos in South Africa.
CETME C2
The CETME C2 (also named the CB-64,) is a Spanish submachine gun based on the British Sterling L2A3. It is an open-bolt, blowback-operated firearm that fires the 9×23mm Largo and 9×19mm Parabellum pistol cartridge. Designed in the 1960s, the C2 has many notable safety features built into it and was later used to replace the Star Model Z-45 submachine gun series for Spain in the 1960s however, was later superseded by the MP5 and Star Z-84.

Submachine gun
A submachine gun (SMG) or sub-gun is a magazine-fed automatic carbine designed to fire handgun cartridges. The term "submachine gun" was coined by John T. Thompson, the inventor of the Thompson submachine gun, to describe its design concept as an automatic firearm with notably less firepower than a machine gun (hence the prefix "sub-"). As a machine gun must fire rifle cartridges to be classified as such, submachine guns are not considered machine guns.

In the 20th century, the submachine gun was developed during World War I (1914–1918) as a close-quarter offensive weapon, mainly for trench raiding. At its peak during World War II (1939–1945), millions of submachine guns were made for assault troops and auxiliaries whose doctrines emphasized close-quarter suppressive fire. New submachine gun designs appeared frequently during the Cold War, especially among special forces, commandos and mechanized infantrymen. Submachine gun usage for frontline combat decreased in the 1980s and 1990s.
Kazimierz Vetulani
Kazimierz Franciszek Vetulani (3 January 1889 – 4 July 1941) was a Polish civil engineer, professor at the Lviv Polytechnic, member of the Polish Mathematical Society, author of several dozen papers in the fields of technology and mathematics, as well as in the field of musical scale theory.

A participant of World War I in the rank of lieutenant of the Austro-Hungarian Army reserve, he was a sapper and a military engineer. He was promoted to the rank of captain in the Polish Army reserve and participated in the Polish–Ukrainian War. In 1935 he obtained Ph.D. at the Lviv Polytechnic. In 1938 he was appointed a deputy professor of general mechanics, and in 1940 he was appointed full professor.

Shortly after the Germans seized Lviv during World War II, on the night of 4 July 1941, he was arrested by Gestapo, the German secret police, and murdered among a group of Lviv professors.

Polish Land Forces
The Land Forces (Polish: Wojska Lądowe) are the ground forces of the Polish Armed Forces. They currently contain some 110,000 active personnel and form many components of the European Union and NATO deployments around the world. Poland's recorded military history stretches back a millennium – since the 10th century (see List of Polish wars and History of the Polish Army). Poland's modern army was formed after Poland regained independence following World War I in 1918.
West School (Burlington, Massachusetts)
The West School is a historic school building at 106 Bedford Street in Burlington, Massachusetts.  The one-room schoolhouse was built in 1794–5, when the area was still part of Woburn.  The building was originally located in what is now Simonds Park in the center of Burlington, but was moved to its present location in 1839 to serve as the school for the western part of town.  It served as a public school at 1897.  After serving for a time as a garage, the building was rehabilitated by the local historical society in 1964.  Of four Woburn-built 18th century school buildings in Burlington, this is the only one to survive.  The building is a well-preserved example of Federal and Greek Revival styling.

The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.

Woburn, Massachusetts
Woburn (/ˈwuːbərn/ ⓘ WOO-bərn) is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 40,876 at the 2020 census. Woburn is located 9 miles (14 km) north of Boston. Woburn uses Massachusetts' mayor-council form of government, in which an elected mayor is the executive and a partly district-based, partly at-large city council is the legislature. It was the last of Massachusetts' 351 municipalities to refer to members of its city council as "aldermen".
George Hibbert (1803 ship)
George Hibbert was launched in 1803 at Newcastle-upon-Tyne. In 1815 and 1822 she rescued the crews of sinking vessels. In 1834 she made one voyage transporting female convicts to New South Wales. She was condemned as unseaworthy at Coringa on her way back to England via India.

Penal transportation
Penal transportation (or simply transportation) was the relocation of convicted criminals, or other persons regarded as undesirable, to a distant place, often a colony, for a specified term; later, specifically established penal colonies became their destination. While the prisoners may have been released once the sentences were served, they generally did not have the resources to return home.
Vale of Berkeley
The Vale of Berkeley (sometimes known as Berkeley Vale) is an area in Gloucestershire, England. It lies between the River Severn and the Cotswold Edge, north of Bristol and south of Gloucester. It includes the towns of Berkeley, Thornbury, Cam, Dursley, Wotton-under-Edge and surrounding villages.

Vale of Berkeley College was a comprehensive school at Wanswell, just north of Berkeley, which closed in 2010.

The Vale of Berkeley Railway is a heritage line, with hopes to reopen the Sharpness branch line.

Cam, Gloucestershire
Cam is a large village and civil parish in Gloucestershire, England, situated on the edge of the Cotswolds and contiguous with the town of Dursley,  north of Bristol and south of Gloucester. The Cotswold Way runs less than a mile from the village.

Cam had 8,160 residents with 3,575 households in the 2011 census. Its population is actually larger than neighbouring Dursley, which is a town. The population is planned to grow, with new developments near the railway station increasing the number of households by about 12%.
Bear's Den (band)
Bear's Den are a British alternative country and indie folk band from London, formed in 2009 by multi-instrumentalist Kevin Jones and vocalist/guitarist Andrew Davie. In 2025, Jones departed the band, leaving Davie as the sole remaining permanent member.

They have released five studio albums: Islands (2014), Red Earth & Pouring Rain (2016), So That You Might Hear Me (2019), Fragments (2020), and Blue Hours (2022). They have also produced one soundtrack album and issued nine EPs as well as numerous singles.

Bear's Den have been nominated for several music awards throughout their career, with "Above the Clouds of Pompeii" earning them a nomination for the Ivor Novello Award for Best Song Musically and Lyrically, in 2015. They received two nominations at the UK Americana Awards in 2016, as Artist of the Year and Song of the Year, for "Agape".

Ivor Novello Awards
The Ivor Novello Awards, named after the Welsh entertainer Ivor Novello, are awards for songwriting and composing. They have been presented annually in London by the Ivors Academy, formerly called the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers, and Authors, since 1956.
Beit Sahour
Beit Sahour or Beit Sahur (Arabic: بيت ساحور, romanized: Bayt Sāḥūrⓘ; Palestine grid 170/123) is a Palestinian town east of Bethlehem, in the Bethlehem Governorate of the West Bank in the State of Palestine. The city is under the administration of the Palestinian National Authority. The population was 13,281 in 2017, consisting of approximately 80% Christians (most of them Greek Orthodox) and 20% Muslims.

Christian tradition holds Beit Sahour to be the site of the Annunciation to the Shepherds. There are two enclosures in the eastern part of Beit Sahour that are claimed by different Christian denominations to be the actual 'Shepherds Field': one belonging to the Greek Orthodox Church, and the other, the Catholic site, belonging to the Franciscan Custody of the Holy Land.

The mainly Christian Palestinian inhabitants are being pressured by encroaching Israeli settlements, with one housing development threatened with demolition.

Palestine Exploration Fund
The Palestine Exploration Fund is a British society based in London. It was founded in 1865, shortly after the completion of the Ordnance Survey of Jerusalem by Royal Engineers of the War Department. The Fund is the oldest known organization in the world created specifically for the study of the Levant region, also known as Palestine. Often simply known as the PEF, its initial objective was to carry out surveys of the topography and ethnography of Ottoman Palestine – producing the PEF Survey of Palestine. Its remit was considered to fall between an expeditionary survey and military intelligence gathering. There was also strong religious interest from Christians; William Thomson, Archbishop of York, was the first president of the PEF.

As a result, the PEF had a complex relationship with Corps of Royal Engineers of the War Department. The PEF members sent back reports to the UK on the need to salvage and modernise the Levant region.
The Borgia Stick
The Borgia Stick is a 1967 American made-for-television crime drama film starring Don Murray and Inger Stevens. It featured Fritz Weaver, Barry Nelson, Barnard Hughes, Conrad Bain, and Sorrell Booke in supporting roles, and was directed by David Lowell Rich. Shot in New York City, the film was one of the highest-rated events of the 1966–1967 season.

The story of a couple trying to break free from a crime syndicate, it was made by Universal Studios.

Barnard Hughes
Bernard Aloysius Kiernan "Barnard" Hughes (July 16, 1915 – July 11, 2006) was an American actor. His most successful roles came after middle age, and he was often cast as a dithering authority figure or grandfatherly elder. He won the 1978 Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play.
Deaths in February 2021
The following is a list of notable deaths in February 2021.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent country of citizenship (if applicable), reason for notability, cause of death (if known), and reference.

Academy of Sciences of Moldova
The Academy of Sciences of Moldova (Romanian: Academia de Științe a Moldovei), established in 1961, is the main scientific organization of Moldova and coordinates research in all areas of science and technology. Ion Tighineanu has been the president of the Academy of Sciences since 9 April 2019.
Simon Baker (priest)
Christianity portal

Simon Nicholas Hartland Baker (born 1957) is a British retired Anglican priest who served as Archdeacon of Lichfield from 2013 until his retirement on 31 May 2019.

Baker was educated at King's College London and Queen's College, Birmingham. He was ordained deacon in  1981, and priest in 1982. After a curacy in Tupsley he was Vicar of Shinfield from 1985 to 1988. He was Director of Discipleship and Ministry, and Warden of Readers for the Diocese of Winchester from 2002 to 2013. In that year he became Rector of the United Benefice of St Michael and St Mary with St John at Wall, Lichfield.

Shinfield
Shinfield is a village and civil parish in the Borough of Wokingham, Berkshire, England. It lies just south of Reading, around 3 miles (4.8 km) from the town centre, and covers an area of 4,313 acres (17.45 km2). Shinfield Park is the northern part of the parish, becoming physically separated from Reading when the M4 motorway was constructed in 1971.
Foundation University of Health Sciences
The Health Sciences University Foundation (Spanish: Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud - FUCS) is a private educational and health care university founded in 1976. It has two locations: the main hospital and one in the University Children's Hospital, San José, Bogotá, Colombia. It offers seven undergraduate programs: Business Administration, Nursing, Surgical technologist, Medicine, Psychology with clinical emphasis, Emergency medical technician (EMT) and Cytology.

Emergency medical technician
An emergency medical technician (EMT) is a medical professional that provides emergency medical services. EMTs are most commonly found serving on ambulances and in fire departments in the US and Canada, as full-time and some part-time departments require their firefighters to at least be EMT certified.

EMTs are often employed by public ambulance services, municipal EMS agencies, governments, hospitals, and fire departments. Some EMTs are paid employees, while others (particularly those in rural areas) are volunteers. EMTs provide medical care under a set of protocols, which are typically written by a physician.

EMTs often work alongside other EMS professionals such as paramedics, who receive additional training and are granted a greater scope of practice.
Mariska Vízváry
Mariska Vízváry (1877–1954) was a Hungarian stage and film actress. She was a member of the Hungarian National Theatre. She appeared in around forty films during the sound era, working as a character actress in supporting roles.  Her second husband was the actor György Kürthy.

National Theatre (Budapest)
The National Theatre, located in Budapest originally opened in 1837. Since then, it has occupied several locations, including the original building at Kerepesi Street, the People's Theatre at Blaha Lujza Square, as well as Hevesi Sándor Square, its longest temporary location. It currently occupies the National Theatre building, which opened March 15, 2002.