hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Karni Singh
Colonel Dr. Maharaja Karni Singh ji  (21 April 1924 – 6 September 1988), also known as Dr Karni Singh, was from 1950 the last Maharaja of Bikaner State to hold the title of Maharaja of Bikaner, officially, until 1971, when the privy purse and all the royal titles were abolished by the Republic of India. He was also a politician, serving as a member of the Lok Sabha for twenty-five years, from 1952 to 1977, and an international clay pigeon and skeet champion. He was the son of Lt. General Maharaja Sir Sadul Singh of Bikaner and Maharani Sudarshan Kumari of Rewah.

Privy purse in India
In India, a privy purse was a payment made to the ruling families of erstwhile princely states as part of their agreements to first integrate with India in 1947 after the independence of India, and later to merge their states in 1949, thereby ending their ruling rights.

The privy purses continued to be paid to the royal families until the 26th Amendment in 1971, by which all their privileges and allowances from the central government ceased to exist, which was implemented after a two-year legal battle.

In some individual cases, privy purses were continued for life for individuals who had held ruling powers before 1947; for instance, HH Maharani Sethu Lakshmi Bayi's allowance was reinstated after a prolonged legal battle, and lasted until she died in 1985.
Early Side of Later
Early Side of Later is the third studio album by English singer-songwriter Matt Goss.

It was released on 21 June 2004 by Concept Music and reached No. 87 on the UK Albums Chart for 1 week. The album featured the single, "Fly", which was released in July 2004 and peaked at No. 31 on the UK Singles Chart. The album was released after Goss appeared in the ITV reality show Hells Kitchen. The non-album single, "I'm Coming with Ya", which was released earlier in November 2003, reaching No. 22 on the singles charts, was included on the album as an enhanced video.

Hell's Kitchen (British TV series)
Hell's Kitchen is a British cookery reality show, aired on ITV, which featured prospective chefs competing with each other for a final prize. Four series aired between 2004 and 2009, three presented by Angus Deayton and the fourth and final series presented by Claudia Winkleman.

During its run, the first two series, along with its sister show Hell's Kitchen: Extra Portions as well as the 2004 one-off specials Hell's Kitchen: School Reunion and Hell's Kitchen: Coming Out were sponsored by Tio Pepe.
Jiří Ondra
Jiří Ondra (born 7 June 1957) is a retired football defender.

During his club career, Ondra played for Bohemians 1905 and First Vienna in Austria. He also made 20 appearances for the Czechoslovakia national team.

Bohemians 1905
Bohemians Praha 1905, commonly known as Bohemka or Bohemians Prague, is a professional football club based in Vršovice, Prague, Czech Republic. The club competes in the Czech First League, the top division in the Czech Republic football league system. Founded in 1905 as AFK Vršovice, the club won the 1982–83 Czechoslovak First League, its only league championship. Its traditional home colours are green and white and a stylized kangaroo serves as both emblem and mascot, which gave rise to its more recent nickname Klokani ("Kangaroos").

The best-known player from Bohemians' history is Antonín Panenka, who is now the club chairman. Bohemians' mascot is a kangaroo, the legacy of a 1927 tour of Australia. Following the tour, the club was awarded two live kangaroos, which they donated to the Prague Zoo.
Poland national under-16 football team
The Poland national under-16 football team represents Poland in international football at this age level and is controlled by Polish Football Association. The team previously competed in the annual UEFA European Under-16 Football Championship before it was re-arranged into an under-17 competition in 2002.

Polish Football Association
The Polish Football Association (Polish: Polski Związek Piłki Nożnej; PZPN) is the governing body of association football in Poland. It organizes the Polish football leagues (without the Ekstraklasa), the national cups, and manages the men's and women's national teams. It also runs the national futsal and beach soccer competitions. It is based in the Polish capital of Warsaw.
Snow Crash
Snow Crash is a 1992 science fiction novel by Neal Stephenson. Like many of Stephenson's novels, its themes include history, linguistics, anthropology, archaeology, religion, computer science, politics, cryptography, memetics, and philosophy.

In his 1999 essay "In the Beginning... Was the Command Line", Stephenson explained the title of the novel as his term for a particular software failure mode on the early Macintosh computer. Stephenson wrote, "When the computer crashed and wrote gibberish into the bitmap, the result was something that looked vaguely like static on a broken television set—a 'snow crash'". Stephenson has also mentioned that Julian Jaynes' book The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind was one of the main influences on Snow Crash.

Snow Crash was nominated for both the British Science Fiction Award in 1993 and the Arthur C. Clarke Award in 1994.

Macintosh 128K
The Macintosh, later rebranded as the Macintosh 128K, is the original Macintosh personal computer from Apple. It is the first successful mass-market all-in-one desktop personal computer with a graphical user interface, built-in screen and mouse. It was pivotal in establishing desktop publishing as a general office function. The motherboard, a 9 in (23 cm) CRT monochrome monitor, and a floppy drive are in a beige case with an integrated carrying handle; it has a keyboard and single-button mouse.

The Macintosh was introduced by a television commercial titled "1984" during Super Bowl XVIII on January 22, 1984, directed by Ridley Scott. Sales were strong at its initial release on January 24, 1984, at US$2,495 (equivalent to $7,700 in 2025), and reached 70,000 units on May 3, 1984. Upon the release of its successor, the Macintosh 512K, it was rebranded as the Macintosh 128K. The computer's model number is M0001.
Castle of Paderne
The Castle of Paderne (Portuguese: Castelo de Paderne) is an ancient fortification located in the civil parish of Paderne, municipality of Albufeira, in the Portuguese Algarve. It was constructed in the later 12th century by Berbers, in an area around 7.5 kilometres (4.7 mi) inland.

The edifice is located just 8.2 kilometres (5.1 mi) from the resort town of Albufeira, along a bend in the Quarteira River. It is believed to be one of the original castles that occupy the shield of the Portuguese national flag.

Concelho
Concelho (Portuguese: [kõˈseʎu]) is the Portuguese-language term for municipality, referring to the territorial subdivision in local government. In comparison, the word município ([muniˈsipiu]) refers to the organs of State. This differentiation is still in use in Portugal and some of its former overseas provinces, but is no longer in use in Brazil following the abolition of these organs, in favour of the French prefecture system. It is similar to borough and council.
Subprime crisis background information
This article provides background information regarding the subprime mortgage crisis.  It discusses subprime lending, foreclosures, risk types, and mechanisms through which various entities involved were affected by the crisis.

Thomas L. Friedman
Thomas Loren Friedman (/ˈfriːdmən/ FREED-mən; born July 20, 1953) is an American political commentator and author. He is a three-time Pulitzer Prize winner who is a weekly columnist for The New York Times. He has written extensively on foreign affairs, global trade, the Middle East, globalization, and environmental issues.

Friedman began his career as a reporter and won two Pulitzer Prizes in the 1980s for his coverage on conflict in Lebanon and politics in Israel, followed by a further prize in 2002 for commentary on the war on terror.
Eugenio Govea Arcos
Eugenio Guadalupe Govea Arcos (born 22 March 1966) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the Convergence. As of 2013 he served as Senator of the LX and LXI Legislatures of the Mexican Congress representing San Luis Potosí.

LX Legislature of the Mexican Congress
The LX Legislature (60th session) of the Congress of Mexico met from September 1, 2006, to September 1, 2009. All members of both the lower and upper houses of Congress were elected in the elections of July 2006.
Ruzhyn, Zhytomyr Oblast
Ruzhyn (Ukrainian: Ружин; Polish: Rużyn; Russian: Ружин translit. Ruzhyn; Yiddish: רוזשין, Rizhn) is a rural settlement in Berdychiv Raion, Zhytomyr Oblast, Ukraine. Prior to the administrative reform of 2020, it served as the administrative centre of the former Ruzhyn Raion. Population: 4,209 (2022 estimate)

Berdychiv Raion
Berdychiv Raion (Ukrainian: Бердичівський район) is a raion (district) of Zhytomyr Oblast, northern Ukraine. Its administrative centre is located at Berdychiv. The raion is located in the southern part of the oblast; the distance between Zhytomyr and Berdychiv is 43 kilometres (27 mi). Population: 156,419 (2022 estimate).

On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Zhytomyr Oblast was reduced to four, and the area of Berdychiv Raion was significantly expanded.  Before the expansion, the area of the raion was 865.2 square kilometres (334.1 sq mi); after the expansion, the area of the raion is 3,018.5 square kilometres (1,165.4 sq mi). The January 2020 estimate of the raion population was 27,587 (2020 est.).
Bad Newz (film)
Bad Newz is a 2024 Indian Hindi-language comedy film directed by Anand Tiwari. Produced by Amazon Prime, Dharma Productions and Leo Media Collective, the film inspired by true events stars Vicky Kaushal, Triptii Dimri, and Ammy Virk. It is a spiritual sequel to Good Newwz (2019), and revolves around heteropaternal superfecundation, a reproductive process in which twins are born to the same mother, but from different biological fathers.

Principal photography took place from March 2022 to July 2023. The film was theatrically released on 19 July 2024. It received mixed reviews from critics and has grossed over ₹115.74 crore (US$14 million) worldwide against a budget of ₹80 crore (US$9.5 million), becoming ninth highest-grossing Hindi film of 2024.

Spiritual successor
A spiritual successor (sometimes called a spiritual sequel) is a product or fictional work that is similar to, or directly inspired by, another previous product or work, but (unlike a traditional prequel or sequel) does not explicitly continue the product line or media franchise of its predecessor, and is thus only a successor "in spirit". Spiritual successors often have similar themes and styles to their preceding material, but are generally a distinct intellectual property.

In fiction, the term generally refers to a work by a creator that shares similarities to one of their earlier works, but is set in a different continuity, and features distinct characters and settings. Such works may arise when licensing issues prevent a creator from releasing a direct sequel using the same copyrighted characters and names as the original.
Inca complex at Písac
The Inca complex at Pisac is a large Incan complex of agricultural terraces, residences, guard posts, watchtowers and a ceremonial/religious centre located along a mountain ridge above the modern town of Pisac in the Sacred Valley of Peru. In 1983 the Pisac National Archeological Park was established to recognize the importance of and to protect the remains of the complex.

Willka Raymi
Willka Raymi (Quechua willka grandchild / great-grandson / lineage / minor god in the Inca culture, an image of the Willkanuta valley worshipped as God / holy, sacred, divine, willka or wilka Anadenanthera colubrina (a tree), raymi feast) is a feast celebrated in the Cusco Region in Peru. It is the representation of the traditional offering ceremony to Pachamama. The celebrations are held annually on August (24th) in the archaeological complex of Pisac.
Orgy of Violence
Orgy of Violence was a professional wrestling live event produced by Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) on June 28, 1997. The event was held in the ECW Arena in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in the United States. Excerpts from Orgy of Violence aired on episodes #219 and #220 of ECW Hardcore TV on July 5, 1997 and July 12, 1997.

Chris Candido
Christopher Barrett Candito (March 21, 1972 – April 28, 2005) was an American professional wrestler. Candito is best remembered for his tenures with promotions such as World Championship Wrestling (WCW), Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW), New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW), Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA), and Smoky Mountain Wrestling, where he performed under the ring name Chris Candido, as well as for his appearances in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF; now known as WWE) under the ring name Skip, one-half of the tag team The Bodydonnas. For much of his career, he performed alongside his real-life partner, Tammy "Sunny" Sytch, who acted as his valet.

During his career, Candito held professional wrestling championships such as the NWA World Heavyweight Championship, WWF World Tag Team Championship, ECW World Tag Team Championship, and WCW Cruiserweight Championship. When he died, he was the reigning NWA Midwest Heavyweight Champion.
Poetaster
Poetaster (/poʊɪtæstər/), like rhymester or versifier, is a derogatory term applied to bad or inferior poets. Specifically, poetaster has implications of unwarranted pretensions to artistic value. The word was coined in Latin by Erasmus in 1521. It was first used in English by Ben Jonson in his 1600 play Cynthia's Revels; immediately afterwards Jonson chose it as the title of his 1601 play Poetaster. In that play the "poetaster" character is a satire on John Marston, one of Jonson's rivals in the Poetomachia or War of the Theatres.

War of the Theatres
The War of the Theatres  (also termed, by Thomas Dekker, the Poetomachia or "poets' war") was a controversy in later Elizabethan theatre.

Because of an actual ban on satire in prose and verse publications in 1599 (the Bishops' Ban of 1599), the satirical urge had no other remaining outlet than the stage. The resulting controversy, which unfolded between 1599 and 1602, involved the playwright Ben Jonson on one side and his rivals John Marston and Thomas Dekker (with Thomas Middleton as an ancillary combatant) on the other. The role Shakespeare played in the conflict, if any, has long been a topic of dispute among scholars.
Hillend, Midlothian
Hillend is a small hamlet in Midlothian, Scotland. Lying just south of Edinburgh, it is close to the boundary between Midlothian and the City of Edinburgh council area (partly denoted by the A720 Edinburgh City Bypass road) and takes its name from being situated at the end of the Pentland Hills.

It was the site of a fort, but all the stone has been removed and the land is now cultivated.

Today, Hillend is best known for the Midlothian Snowsports Centre (formerly the Hillend Ski Centre), an artificial ski slope. Swanston Golf Course and Lothianburn Golf Course are located nearby. The terrain is well suited to paragliding and is flyable in NE and SE winds, although care needs to be taken when landing in the relatively small landing field. It is also a well known camping spot among teenagers from Edinburgh.

Dry ski slope
A dry ski slope or artificial ski slope is a ski slope that mimics the attributes of snow using materials that are stable at room temperature, to enable people to ski, snowboard or snow tube in places where natural, snow-covered slopes are inconvenient or unavailable.

Although commonly known as "dry ski slopes", many slopes are lubricated using a mist or jet system to increase speed and prevent damage to equipment from friction heat build-up.
First of the month
The first of the month or first day of the month is the recurring calendar date position corresponding to the day numbered 1 of each month. In the Gregorian calendar (and other calendars that number days sequentially within a month), the first day occurs in every month of the year, and therefore occurs twelve times per year.

First of January

First of February

First of March

First of April

First of May

First of June

First of July

First of August

First of September

First of October

First of November

First of December

First of October Anti-Fascist Resistance Groups
The First of October Anti-Fascist Resistance Groups (Spanish: Grupos de Resistencia Antifascista Primero de Octubre, GRAPO) was a Spanish clandestine Marxist–Leninist group aiming for the formation of a Spanish Republican state.

The group was anti-capitalist, anti-imperialist, and strongly opposed Spain's membership in NATO.

GRAPO's last attack was in 2006. After having been fairly active in the late 1970s and early 1980s, a dwindling number of its militants along with police actions allowed Spanish officials to claim a number of times to have disbanded the GRAPO after the remaining militants were captured. According to the Spanish police, GRAPO was disbanded after six of its militants were arrested in June 2007 but formally, the group has not announced its dissolution.

GRAPO is included in the European Union's list of terrorist organisations.
Collace
Collace (/kəˈleɪs/) is a parish in Perthshire, Scotland, 8 miles (13 kilometres) northeast of Perth, in  Strathmore.  The parish boundary includes the neighbouring villages of Kinrossie and Saucher.

The traditional industries of the area are farming, quarrying (sandstone) and weaving, but the latter is now gone.

Dunsinane Hill, mentioned in the Shakespeare play Macbeth, is located near Collace. King's Seat, a low hill east of the village, is marked romantically on older maps as "Macbeth's Castle".

Bandirran Stone Circle stands just south of the village.

Valley of Strathmore
56°43′01″N 3°32′56″W﻿ / ﻿56.717°N 3.549°W﻿ / 56.717; -3.549

Strathmore (Scottish Gaelic: An Srath Mòr) is a broad valley or strath in east-central Scotland, lying between the Grampian mountains and the Sidlaws.
It is approximately 50 mi (80 km) long and 10 mi (16 km) wide. Strathmore is underlain by Old Red Sandstone but this is largely obscured by glacial till, sands and gravels deposited during the ice age. Its northeast to southwest alignment is influenced by the underlying geological structure of the area which reflects the dominant Caledonian trend of both the central lowlands and the Highlands of Scotland; its northern margin reflects the presence of the Highland Boundary Fault. Strathmore is fertile and has some of Scotland's best arable farmland, producing soft fruits and cereals.
Alexandria Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology
31°13′13″N 29°57′00″E﻿ / ﻿31.22028°N 29.95000°E﻿ / 31.22028; 29.95000

Alexandria Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology (AIET) is a private institute for higher education founded in 1996 and owned by "Mohamed Ragab Foundation for Social Development" which is an organization registered with the Egyptian Government. It was named "Alexandria Institute of Technology (AIT)" till 2007 when its name was changed to "Alexandria Institute Of Engineering and Technology". It provides a bachelor's degree in engineering. Graduates can also be a member in Egyptian Engineering Syndicate.

Politics of Egypt
The politics of Egypt takes place within the framework of a republican semi-presidential system of government. The current political system was established following the 2013 Egyptian military coup d'état, and the takeover of President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi. In the current system, the President is elected for a six-year term. Furthermore, the President has the power to dissolve Parliament through Article 137.
The Parliament of Egypt is the oldest legislative chamber in Africa and the Middle East. The House of Representatives has the ability to impeach the President through Article 161. With 2020 elections to the new Senate, the chamber became bicameral.
Angular momentum problem
The angular momentum problem is a problem in astrophysics identified by Leon Mestel in 1965.

It was found that the angular momentum of a protoplanetary disk is misappropriated when compared to models during stellar birth. The Sun and other stars are predicted by models to be rotating considerably faster than they actually are. The Sun, for example, only accounts for about 0.3 percent of the total angular momentum of the Solar System while about 60% is attributed to Jupiter.

Protoplanetary disk
A protoplanetary disk is a rotating circumstellar disc of dense gas and dust surrounding a young newly formed  star, a T Tauri star, or Herbig Ae/Be star. The protoplanetary disk may not be considered an accretion disk; while the two are similar, an accretion disk is hotter and spins much faster; it is also found on black holes, not stars. This process should not be confused with the accretion process thought to build up the planets themselves. Externally illuminated photo-evaporating protoplanetary disks are called proplyds.
Definitivamente (album)
Definitivamente (Definitively), is the title of the third studio album released by Puerto-Rican singer Lourdes Robles in 1991. The album at number ten in the Billboard Latin Pop Albums chart. The album produced three singles: "Sola", "Todo Me Habla de Ti", and "Soñando Contigo". "Sola" peaked at #8 on the Billboard Hot Latin Songs chart, "Todo Me Habla de Ti" peaked at #15 on the Hot Latin Songs chart, and "Soñando Contigo" peaked at #23 on the Hot Latin Songs chart.

Definitivamente was produced by Rudy Pérez and Angel Carrasco and features songs written by both producers, Franco de Vita, Jorge Luis Piloto and Braulio García.

Braulio García
Braulio Antonio García Bautista (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈbɾawljo ɣaɾˈθi.a]; born 22 July 1946 in Santa María de Guía de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands), better known as Braulio, is a Spanish singer-songwriter.
Aletha C. Huston
Aletha C. Huston is an American developmental psychologist and professor known for her research on the effects of poverty on children, on how child care and income support policies impact children's development, and for ground-breaking research on the impact of television and media usage on child development. Huston is the Priscilla Pond Flawn Regents Professor Emeritus in Child Development at the University of Texas at Austin.

Huston has received numerous research rewards including the APA Urie Bronfenbrenner Award for Lifetime Contributions to Developmental Psychology, the APA Nicholas Hobbs Award for Research and Child Advocacy, and the SRCD Award for Contributions to Child Development and Public policy. Huston has trained a number of eminent media researchers including Sandra L. Calvert, Rosemarie Truglio, and  Ellen Wartella.

Ellen Wartella
Ellen A. Wartella (born October 16, 1949, in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania) is a leading scholar of the role of media in children's development. She is the chair and professor of communication, director of Northwestern University's Center on Media and Human Development, and an adviser for the review at Northwestern University. She studies social policy, media studies, psychology, and child development at the University. She believes that smartphones are disruptive in a way that's different from earlier technology.