hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Icelanders
Icelanders (Icelandic: Íslendingar) are an ethnic group and nation who are native to the island country of Iceland. They speak Icelandic, a North Germanic language.

Icelanders established the country of Iceland in mid 930 CE when the Alþingi (parliament) met for the first time. Iceland came under the reign of Norwegian, Swedish and Danish kings but regained full sovereignty from the Danish monarchy on 1 December 1918, when the Kingdom of Iceland was established. On 17 June 1944, Iceland became a republic. Lutheranism is the predominant religion. Historical and DNA records indicate that around 60 to 80 percent of the male settlers were of Norse origin (primarily from Western Norway) and a similar percentage of the women were of Gaelic stock from Ireland and peripheral Scotland.

Icelandic literature
Icelandic literature refers to literature written in Iceland or by Icelandic people. It is best known for the sagas written in medieval times, starting in the 13th century. As Icelandic and Old Norse are almost the same, and because Icelandic works constitute most of Old Norse literature, Old Norse literature is often considered a subset of Icelandic literature. However, works by Norwegians are present in the standard reader Sýnisbók íslenzkra bókmennta til miðrar átjándu aldar, compiled by Sigurður Nordal on the grounds that the language was the same.
Colwall
Colwall is a civil parish in Herefordshire, England, on the border with Worcestershire, on the western side of the Malvern Hills, and within the AONB. Areas of the village are known as Colwall Stone, Upper Colwall which shares a common border at the Wyche Cutting with the Malvern suburb of Malvern Wells, and Colwall Green, spread along 2 miles (3.2 km) of the B4218 road, with the historic village core (at the parish church) being 1 mile (1.6 km) to the west of Colwall Stone.

A feature of Colwall is the view of the Iron Age British Camp (Herefordshire Beacon), which largely falls within the southeast corner of the parish. The towns of Ledbury and Malvern are 5 miles (8.0 km) southwest and 3 miles (4.8 km) northeast respectively from Colwall Stone, via the B4218. Colwall is often included in the informal region referred to as "The Malverns", which refers to the Malvern Hills and the surrounding settlements.

Malvern Wells
Malvern Wells is a village and civil parish south of Great Malvern in the Malvern Hills district of Worcestershire, England. The parish, once known as South Malvern, was formed in 1894 from parts of the civil parishes of Hanley Castle, Welland, and the former parish of Great Malvern, and owes its development to the 19th-century boom years of Malvern as a spa town. Malvern Wells is a centre of commercial bottling of Malvern water. The population of the parishes of Malvern Wells and Little Malvern was recorded in 2011 as 3,196.
Ashley Matthews
Ashley Matthews (born 26 November 1969) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for the Carlton Football Club and Fitzroy Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL). He was recruited from Lilydale in the Eastern Districts Football League (EDFL).

When he finished his VFL career Matthews returned to grass roots football including to Lilydale as its captain and coach. He coached Lilydale to a premiership in 1996 in the EDFL and again in 1998 this time in the Eastern Football League (EFL) both in the second division of the competition.

Although he coached Lilydale in first division in 1997 they were not competitive and were immediately relegated.

Matthews also has been Chairman of Selectors at the club when working with coach Brett Fisher in 2006 and 2007 in the first division of the EFL.

Matthews is also member of the club's "Team of the Century" as coach.

In 2016, Matthews coached the East Ringwood U13A team to the EFL U13 premiership.

Eastern Districts Football League
The Eastern Districts Football League is an Australian rules football league based in the eastern Wheatbelt region of Western Australia.  The league stretches from Southern Cross in the east, Hyden in the south, Corrigin in the west and Nukarni in the north.
Kalwas
Kalwas is a village located in Taranagar subdistrict, Churu district, Rajasthan, India which is situated on the road between Taranagar and Sahawa. As of 2011 it had 528 households and a population of 2,884.

Taranagar
Taranagar is a city and a municipality in Churu district in the Indian state of Rajasthan, situated at 28° 41'N 75° 3'E, about 28 miles south of Churu City. Taranagar was earlier known as Reni, named for the lady Rinkali who came here to live from Vishalnagar Koyalapatan, currently Foga in Sardarshar (Rajasthan). Reni was the headquarters of the nizamat and the tehsil of the same name in the state of Bikaner in Rajputana. The nizamat consisted of five eastern tehsils of Bhadra, Churu, Nohar, Rajgarh and Reni. In 1948, the town was renamed for King Tara Singh, who ruled it in the mid-18th century.
Galloway revolt of 1234–1235
The Galloway revolt of 1234–1235 was an uprising in Galloway during 1234–1235, led by Tomás mac Ailein and Gille Ruadh. The uprising was in response to the succession of Alan of Galloway, whereby King Alexander II of Scotland ordered Galloway to be divided the amongst Alan's three heiresses under Norman feudal law. This judgement excluded Alan's illegitimate son Tomás, who believed he was the rightful heir under the Gaelic system of tanistry. Alexander II responded by leading an army into Galloway to crush the rebellion. The Scottish army was almost routed, however was saved by the arrival of Fearchar, Earl of Ross and his forces. Walter Comyn, Lord of Badenoch was left to mop up the revolt, however was forced to abandon the region. Patrick II, Earl of Dunbar led another army in 1235, with Adam, Abbot of Melrose, and Gilbert, Bishop of Galloway and forced the submission of Tomás and Gille.

Fearchar, Earl of Ross
Fearchar of Ross or Ferchar mac in tSagairt (Fearchar mac an t-sagairt, often anglicized as Farquhar MacTaggart), was the first of the Scottish Ó Beólláin (O’Beolan, Beolan) family who received by Royal Grant the lands and Title of Mormaer or Earl of Ross (1223–1251) we know of from the thirteenth century, whose career brought Ross into the fold of the Scottish kings for the first time, and who is remembered as the founder of the Earldom of Ross.
Debojyoti Mishra
Debojyoti Mishra (born 30 April  1963 at Kolkata) is an Indian music director and film composer. He became popular with his minimalist classical compositions for the Hindi film Raincoat, directed by Rituparno Ghosh. He also worked on Bengali films,  Chaturanga and Sesher Kobita, directed by Suman Mukhopadhyay. He composed songs for the Bengali film Autograph starring Prasenjit Chatterjee, Nandana Sen and Indraneil Sengupta.

Music director
A music director, musical director or director of music is a person responsible for the musical aspects of a performance, production, or organization. This would include the artistic director and usually chief conductor of an orchestra or concert band, the director of music of a film, the director of music at a radio station, the person in charge of musical activities or the head of the music department in a school, the coordinator of the musical ensembles in a university, college, or institution (but not usually the head of the academic music department), the head bandmaster of a military band, the head organist and choirmaster of a church, or an organist and master of the choristers (the title given to a director of music at a cathedral, particularly in England).
Nicholas Saunders (died 1605)
Nicholas Saunders (died 1605) was an English politician.

He was the only son of Thomas Saunders of Uxbridge, Middlesex and educated at King's College, Cambridge (1565).

He was employed as a government messenger carrying state correspondence to overseas countries. At one stage (1585) he got into debt and spent time in prison.

He was elected a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Penryn in 1589, St. Ives in 1593, Helston in 1597 and Lostwithiel in 1601.

He never married.

Helston (UK Parliament constituency)
Helston, sometimes known as Helleston, was a parliamentary borough centred on the small town of Helston in Cornwall.

Using the block vote system of election, it returned two Members of Parliament (MPs) to the House of Commons of England until 1707, then to the House of Commons of Great Britain until 1800, and to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom until the 1832 general election.

The Reform Act 1832 reduced its representation to one member, elected by the first-past-the-post system. Under the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885, it was abolished with effect from the 1885 general election.
Til I Loved You
"Til I Loved You" is a song written by Van Stephenson, Dave Robbins and Jeff Silbar, and first recorded by American singer Juice Newton for her 1983 album Dirty Looks. It was covered by Restless Heart in 1985 and released as the fourth single from their album Restless Heart in March 1986, peaking at number 10 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.

Juice Newton
Juice Newton (born Judith Kay Newton; February 18, 1952) is an American pop and country singer, songwriter, and musician. Newton has received five Grammy Award nominations in the Pop and Country Best Female Vocalist categories – winning once in 1983 – as well as an ACM Award for Top New Female Artist and two consecutive Billboard Female Album Artist of the Year awards. Newton's other awards include a People's Choice Award for "Best Female Vocalist" and the Australian Music Media's "Number One International Country Artist".

Newton has several Gold and Platinum records to her credit, including Juice, Quiet Lies and her first Greatest Hits album. During the 1980s, she charted 14 top 10 hits across the Billboard Country, AC, and Hot 100 charts, with many of the recordings achieving crossover success and six of the songs hitting the No. 1 position.
Thomas Covered Bridge (Pennsylvania)
The Thomas Covered Bridge is an historic, American wooden covered bridge that is located in Armstrong Township in Indiana County, Pennsylvania.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

Covered bridge
A covered bridge is a timber-truss bridge with a roof, decking, and siding, which in most covered bridges create an almost complete enclosure. The purpose of the covering is to protect the wooden structural members from the weather. Uncovered wooden bridges typically have a lifespan of only 20 years because of the effects of rain and sun, but a covered bridge can last over 100 years. In the United States, only about 1 in 10 survived the 20th century. The relatively small number of surviving bridges is due to deliberate replacement, neglect, and the high cost of restoration.

Surviving covered bridges often attract touristic attention due to their rarity, quaint appearance, and bucolic settings. Many are considered historic and have been the subject of historic preservation campaigns.
Prodiame
Prodiame, also known as 17β-((3-aminopropyl)amino)estradiol, is a synthetic, steroidal estrogen and a 17β-aminoestrogen with anticoagulant effects that was first described in 1983 and was never marketed.

Steroid
A steroid is an organic compound with four fused rings (designated A, B, C, and D) arranged in a specific molecular configuration.

Steroids have two principal biological functions: as important components of cell membranes that alter membrane fluidity; and as signaling molecules. Examples include the lipid cholesterol, sex hormones estradiol and testosterone,: 10–19  anabolic steroids, and the anti-inflammatory corticosteroid drug dexamethasone. Hundreds of steroids are found in fungi, plants, and animals. All steroids are manufactured in cells from a sterol: cholesterol (animals), lanosterol (opisthokonts), or cycloartenol (plants). All three of these molecules are produced via cyclization of the triterpene squalene.
The Howlands Butte
The Howlands Butte, elevation 5,572 feet (1,698 m), is a minor butte in the southeast drainage of the very large Clear Creek drainage. Clear Creek is a medium length flowing creek, just upstream of the major Bright Angel Creek outfall into the Colorado River, Granite Gorge. The Howlands Butte was officially named in 1932 for brothers Seneca and Oramel G. Howland, members of the Powell Geographic Expedition of 1869. Just two days from the expedition's intended destination, the pair and William H. Dunn left the expedition, fearing they could not survive the dangers of the river much longer. They hiked out of the canyon and were never seen again. Separation Rapids on the river is where they departed from Powell.

Surprise Canyon Formation
The Surprise Canyon Formation is a geologic formation that consists of clastic and calcareous sedimentary rocks that fill paleovalleys and paleokarst of Late Mississippian (Serpukhovian) age in Grand Canyon. These strata outcrop as isolated, lens-shaped exposures of rocks that fill erosional valleys and locally karsted topography and caves developed in the top of the Redwall Limestone. The Surprise Canyon Formation and associated unconformities represent a significant period of geologic time between the deposition of the Redwall Limestone and the overlying Supai Group.
Owieczki, Łódź Voivodeship
Owieczki [ɔˈvjɛt͡ʂki] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Klonowa, within Sieradz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) south-east of Klonowa, 30 km (19 mi) south-west of Sieradz, and 82 km (51 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

The village has an approximate population of 450.

Sieradz County
Sieradz County (Polish: powiat sieradzki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Sieradz, which lies 54 kilometres (34 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź. The county contains three other towns: Złoczew, lying 23 km (14 mi) south-west of Sieradz, Warta, lying 14 km (9 mi) north-west of Sieradz, and Błaszki, 23 km (14 mi) west of Sieradz.

The county covers an area of 1,491.04 square kilometres (575.7 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 121,013, out of which the population of Sieradz is 44,045, that of Złoczew is 3,403, that of Warta is 3,388, that of Błaszki is 2,179, and the rural population is 67,998.
2014–15 Chelsea F.C. season
The 2014–15 season was Chelsea Football Club's 101st competitive season, 26th consecutive season in the top flight of English football, 23rd consecutive season in the Premier League, and 109th year in existence as a football club. In addition to the domestic league, Chelsea participated in the UEFA Champions League after qualifying directly for the group stage by finishing third in the league last season. The club secured its fourth Premier League title by beating Crystal Palace on 3 May 2015.

The season was the first since 2000–01 without Frank Lampard, who joined Manchester City.

2014–15 UEFA Champions League group stage
The 2014–15 UEFA Champions League group stage was played from 16 September to 10 December 2014. A total of 32 teams competed in the group stage to decide the 16 places in the knockout phase of the 2014–15 UEFA Champions League.
Film promotion
Film promotion is the practice of promotion specifically in the film industry, and usually occurs in coordination with the process of film distribution. Sometimes this is called the press junket or film junket. Film promotion generally includes press releases, advertising campaigns, merchandising, franchising, media, and interviews with the key people involved in making the film, such as the film's actors and directors.  This process is an important part of any release because of the inherent high financial risk; film studios will invest in expensive marketing campaigns to maximize revenue early in the release cycle. Marketing budgets tend to equal about half the production budget. Publicity is generally handled by the distributor and exhibitors.

Film studio
A film studio (also known as movie studio or simply studio) is a major entertainment company that makes films. Today, studios are mostly financing and distribution entities. In addition, they may have their own studio facility or facilities; however, most firms in the entertainment industry have never had their own studios, but have rented space from other companies instead. Day-to-day filming operations are generally handled by a production company subsidiary.

Another type of company is an independently owned studio facility, which does not produce motion pictures by itself; such facilities only sell studio space.
Volvarina tessae
Volvarina tessae is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Marginellidae, the margin snails. It was first described by Italian malacologist Tommaso Cossignani in Malacologia No. 54, published in February 2007. The species was discovered off the coast of Santos, São Paulo State, Brazil. The holotype, measuring 7.59 mm in length, is preserved at the Museo Malacologico Piceno in Cupra Marittima, Italy.

Santos, São Paulo
Santos (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈsɐ̃tus] ⓘ, Saints), officially Municipality of Estância Balneária de Santos, is a city and municipality in the Brazilian state of São Paulo, founded in 1546 by the Portuguese nobleman Brás Cubas. It is located mostly on the island of São Vicente, which harbors both the city of Santos and the city of São Vicente, and partially on the mainland. It is the main city in the metropolitan region of Baixada Santista. The population is 440,965 (2025 est.) in an area of 280.67 km2 (108.37 sq mi). The city is home to the Coffee Museum, where world coffee prices were once negotiated. There is also a football memorial, dedicated to the city's greatest players, which includes Pelé, who spent the majority of his career with Santos Futebol Clube. Its beachfront garden, 5,335 m (5,834 yd) in length, figures in Guinness World Records as the largest beachfront garden in the world.
Soviet destroyer Otvazhny
Otvazhny is the name of the following ships of the Soviet Navy:

Soviet destroyer Otvazhny (1948), a Ognevoy-class destroyer in service until 1966

Soviet destroyer Otvazhny (1964), a Kashin-class destroyer, sunk due to an ammunition accident in 1974

Kashin-class destroyer
The Kashin class, Soviet designation Project 61, were series of anti-aircraft guided-missile destroyers built for the Soviet Navy staying in the 1960s were the first major warships in the world powered solely by gas turbines. As of 2026, no ships remain in service with the Russian Navy, and three modified ships continue in service with the Indian Navy as Rajput-class destroyers.

In the Soviet Union they were officially classified as "guard ships" (storozhevoi korabl – SKR), then "large ASW ships" (BPK) or "large missile ships" (BRK); in the rest of world they are commonly regarded as missile destroyers due to their size and armament. They were the first Soviet purpose-built anti-air warfare ships and the first to carry an ASW helicopter.
2009 Spa-Francorchamps GP2 Series round
The 2009 Belgian GP2 round was the seventh race of the 2009 GP2 Series season. It was held on 29 August and 30, 2009 at Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps near the village of Francorchamps, Wallonia, Belgium. The race was used as a support race to the 2009 Belgian Grand Prix.

Francorchamps
Francorchamps (French pronunciation: [fʁɑ̃kɔʁʃɑ̃], Walloon: Francortchamp) is a village of Wallonia and a district of the municipality of Stavelot, located in the province of Liège, Belgium.

It is home to the motor-racing Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps. A ski resort, the Mont des Brumes, is located nearby.
Chloride Group
Chloride  is a global company that specializes in the design, production, and maintenance of industrial uninterruptible power supply (UPS) systems to ensure a reliable power supply for critical equipment across multiple industries. Formerly listed on the London Stock Exchange and a constituent of FTSE 250 index, the company has become privately owned since 2021.

FTSE 250 Index
The Financial Times Stock Exchange 250 Index, also called the FTSE 250 Index, FTSE 250, or, informally, the "Footsie 250" /ˈfʊtsi/, is a stock market index that consists of the 101st to the 350th mid-cap blue chip companies listed on the London Stock Exchange.
Nymphargus prasinus
Nymphargus prasinus is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae, formerly placed in the genus Cochranella.
It is endemic to Colombia.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, and rivers.
It is threatened by habitat loss.

Glass frog
The glass frogs belong to the amphibian family Centrolenidae (order Anura), native to the Central American and Colombian rainforests. The general background coloration of most glass frogs is primarily lime green, the abdominal skin of some members of this family is transparent and translucent, giving the glass frog its common name. The internal viscera, including the heart, liver, and gastrointestinal tract, are visible through the skin. When active, their blood makes them visible; when sleeping, most of the blood is concealed in the liver, hiding them. Glass frogs are arboreal, living mainly in trees, feeding on small insects and only coming out for mating season. Their transparency conceals them very effectively when sleeping on a green leaf, as they habitually do. However, climate change and habitat fragmentation have been threatening the survival rates of the family.
The Seed Company
Seed Company, also referred to as SC or formally The Seed Company, is an American Bible translation organization. It is a member of the Wycliffe Global Alliance.

SC was launched in 1993 by a former president of Wycliffe USA, Bernie May. Their focus is on linking donors to Bible translation projects where local people are doing Bible translation into their own languages.

Seed Company is also a member of the Forum of Bible Agencies International.

The current chief executive officer is Davis H. Powell.

Bible translations
The Christian Bible has been translated into many languages from the biblical languages of Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek.

According to a major Bible translation organization, as of August 2025 the full Protestant Bible has been translated into 776 languages, the New Testament has been translated into an additional 1,798 languages, and smaller portions have been translated into 1,433 other languages. Thus, at least some portions of the Bible have been translated into 4,007 languages, out of a total of 7,396 known languages (including sign languages).

Textual variants in the New Testament include errors, omissions, additions, changes, and alternate translations. In some cases, different translations have been used as evidence for or have been motivated by doctrinal differences.