hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Reference software
Reference software is software which emulates and expands upon print reference forms including the dictionary, translation dictionary, encyclopaedia, thesaurus, and atlas. Like print references, reference software can either be general or specific to a domain, and often includes maps and illustrations, as well as bibliography and statistics. Reference software may include multimedia content including animations, audio, and video, which further illustrate a concept. Well designed reference software improves upon the navigability of print references, through the use of search functionality and hyperlinks.

Illustration
An illustration is a decoration, interpretation, or visual explanation of a text, concept, or process, designed for integration in print and digitally published media, such as posters, flyers, magazines, books, teaching materials, animations, video games and films. An illustration is typically created by an illustrator. Digital illustrations are often used to make websites and apps more user-friendly, such as the use of emojis to accompany digital type. Illustration also means providing an example; either in writing or in picture form.

The origin of the word "illustration" is late Middle English (in the sense ‘illumination; spiritual or intellectual enlightenment’): via Old French from Latin illustratio(n-), from the verb illustrare.
Universiada Hall
Universiada Hall (Bulgarian: Зала "Универсиада") is an Indoor arena in Sofia, Bulgaria. Opened in 1961 for the II Summer Universiade, the arena has a seating capacity for 4,000 people and is the regular home venue of the Levski Sofia basketball team.

1961 Summer Universiade
The 1961 Summer Universiade, also known as the II Summer Universiade, was an international sporting event for university students that took place in Sofia, Bulgaria. Held from 25 August to 3 September, the event featured nine different sports, with participation by 1,627 athletes from 33 countries.
Paddy Farrell
Paddy Farrell (2 February 1912 – 19 March 1987) was an Irish footballer who  played for Bohemians and Hibernian during the 1930s. He was born in Athlone, Ireland. As an international he also played for both Ireland teams – the FAI XI and the IFA XI. At the outbreak of the Second World War, Farrell joined the RAF and after completing his service set up a dental practice in Hull.

FAI Cup
The Football Association of Ireland Senior Challenge Cup (FAI Cup), known as the Sports Direct FAI Cup for sponsorship reasons, is a knock-out association football competition contested annually by teams from the Republic of Ireland (as well as Derry City from Northern Ireland). Organised by the FAI (Football Association of Ireland), the competition is currently sponsored by Sports Direct. It was known as the Free State Cup from 1923 to 1936. Shamrock Rovers hold the record of most wins with 26.

The current holders are Shamrock Rovers who won their 26th title on 9 November 2025, defeating Cork City 2–0 at the Aviva Stadium.
Lucius Mantennius Sabinus
Lucius Mantennius Sabinus was a Roman eques who is known to have held imperial appointments during the reign of the Emperor Commodus. Sabinus was appointed prefect of the Roman province of Egypt by Pertinax to consolidate the latter's control over this vital source of grain for the city of Rome. His tenure ran from 192 to 194.

Sabinus' explicit connection to Pertinax and his supporters is not clear. However, Anthony Birley observes that "it was perhaps no coincidence that his [Sabinus'] wife came from Praeneste, where Pertinax's father-in-law Flavius Sulpicianus had estates."

Pertinax
Publius Helvius Pertinax (/ˈpɜːrtɪnæks/ PER-tin-ax; 1 August 126 – 28 March 193) was Roman emperor for the first three months of 193, succeeding Commodus and becoming the first ruler of the turbulent Year of the Five Emperors.

The son of a freedman, Pertinax rose from modest origins through a military career. He distinguished himself in the Roman–Parthian War of 161–166 and went on to hold a succession of governorships and senior commands. He also sat in the Roman Senate, where he was a contemporary of the historian Cassius Dio.

After the assassination of Commodus, Pertinax was chosen emperor. He aimed at restoring army discipline and imperial financial stability, but his reforms angered the Praetorian Guard, who killed him after just 87 days. He was later deified by Septimius Severus, who promoted his memory as part of his own rise to power. Ancient and modern assessments generally view Pertinax as a capable and conscientious ruler undone by circumstances.
Hyde Park Obelisk
The Hyde Park Obelisk is a heritage-listed obelisk that served as a sewer vent and is now a monument located in Hyde Park at the intersection of Elizabeth Street and Bathurst Street, in the Sydney central business district, New South Wales, Australia. It was designed and built by the NSW Department of Public Works. It is also known as The Obelisk and Obelisk Sewer Vent. It is also jokingly referred to as Thornton's Scent Bottle after mayor George Thornton. The obelisk is owned by Sydney Water, an agency of the Government of New South Wales. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 15 November 2002.

Completed in the Victorian Egyptian style, it was modelled on Cleopatra's Needle on the banks of London's River Thames. The overall structure is 22 metres (72 ft) high, including the square sandstone base which is 6.5 metres (21 ft) high. The vent at the top is a filigreed bronze pyramidion.

Cleopatra's Needle, London
Cleopatra's Needle in London is one of a pair of obelisks, together named Cleopatra's Needles, that were moved from the ruins of the Caesareum of Alexandria, in Egypt, in the 19th century. Inscribed by Thutmose III and later Ramesses II of the Egyptian New Kingdom, the obelisk was moved in 12 BC to Alexandria, where it remained for over 1,800 years.

It was presented to the Prince Regent in 1819 by the ruler of Egypt, Muhammad Ali, as a diplomatic gift to mark British victories over the French in Egypt, namely the Battle of the Nile in 1798 and the Battle of Alexandria in 1801. Although the British government welcomed the gesture, it declined to pay to move the obelisk to London. It was subsequently erected in the West End of London on the Victoria Embankment in Westminster, in 1878.
Bigelow Rock
Bigelow Rock (66°10′S 95°25′E﻿ / ﻿66.167°S 95.417°E﻿ / -66.167; 95.417) is a low, ice-covered rock about 150 feet (50 m) long, with numerous rock exposures close above sea level, lying immediately west of Shackleton Ice Shelf, about 25 nautical miles (50 km) northeast of Junction Corner. It was delineated from aerial photographs taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump (OpHjp), 1946–47. An astronomical control station was established on the rock by U.S. Navy Operation Windmill (OpWml), 1947–48. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Technical Sergeant George H. Bigelow, United States Marine Corps, a tractor driver-mechanic with OpHjp and OpWml.

Operation Highjump
Operation HIGHJUMP, officially titled The United States Navy Antarctic Developments Program, 1946–1947, (also called Task Force 68), was a United States Navy (USN) operation to establish the Antarctic research base Little America IV. The operation was organized by Rear Admiral Richard E. Byrd, Jr., USN, Officer in Charge, Task Force 68, and led by Rear Admiral Ethan Erik Larson, USN, Commanding Officer, Task Force 68. Operation HIGHJUMP commenced 26 August 1946 and ended in late February 1947. Task Force 68 included 4,700 men, 13 ships, and 33 aircraft.
Canal du Segond
Canal du Segond, also known as Canal Pekoa and in English Segond Channel, literally "Second Channel," separates the island of Aore from the city of Luganville on main island of Espiritu Santo, Vanuatu.

The channel was the location of the United States Navy's Naval Advance Base Espiritu Santo during World War II. The channel was a major anchorage for vessels during the war.

Espiritu Santo
Espiritu Santo (UK: /ɛˌspɪrɪtuː ˈsæntoʊ/, US: /- ˈsɑːntuː, - ˈsɑːntoʊ/; French: [ɛspiʁity sɑ̃to]) is the largest island in the nation and archipelago of Vanuatu (formerly the New Hebrides), with an area of 3,955.5 km2 (1,527.2 sq mi), although Efate, on which the capital city of Port Vila is located, has a larger population. As of 2020, the population of Santo was 37,328. Luganville is the only true town on the island.
Minister for Foreign Affairs (Sweden)
The Minister for Foreign Affairs (Swedish: utrikesminister) is the foreign minister of Sweden and the head of the Ministry for Foreign Affairs.

The current Minister for Foreign Affairs is Maria Malmer Stenergard of the Moderate Party.

Ministry of foreign affairs
In many countries, the ministry of foreign affairs (abbreviated as MFA or MOFA) is the highest government department exclusively or primarily responsible for the state's foreign policy and relations, diplomacy, bilateral, and multilateral relations affairs as well as for providing support, including consular services, for a country's citizens who are abroad. The entity is usually headed by a foreign minister or minister of foreign affairs (the title may vary, such as a secretary of state who has the same functions). The foreign minister typically reports to the head of government (such as prime minister or president).
London Buses route 15
London Buses route 15 is a Transport for London contracted bus route in London, England. Running between Blackwall and Charing Cross stations, it is operated by Go-Ahead London subsidiary Blue Triangle.

Short workings of route 15 were provided by route 15H with traditional AEC Routemaster buses between 2005 and 2019.

Aldwych
Aldwych (pronounced /ˈɔːldwɪtʃ/ AWLD-witch) is a street and the name of the area immediately surrounding it, in the City of Westminster, part of Greater London, and is part of the West End Theatreland. The 450 metres (1,480 ft) street starts 600 metres (2,000 ft) east-northeast of Charing Cross, the conventional map centre-point of the capital city.

In the 7th century, the area was an Anglo-Saxon settlement. The name means "old port", and was the port of the City of London.
Piano Trio No. 4 (Dvořák)
The Piano Trio No. 4 in E minor, Op. 90, B. 166 (also called the Dumky trio from the subtitle Dumky) is a composition by Antonín Dvořák for piano, violin and cello. It is among the composer's best-known works.

It is also a well-known example of chamber music that significantly deviates from the traditional structure of classical chamber music, in terms of both the number of movements and the formal organization of those movements.

Jarmil Burghauser
Jarmil Michael Burghauser (born Jarmil Michael Mokrý; 21 October 1921, Písek – 19 February 1997, Prague) was a Czech composer, conductor, and musicologist.

Burghauser's parents were painters František Viktor Mokrý and Zdenka Burghauserová. He studied piano since he was 6 years old under Jaroslav Křička and later Otakar Jeremiáš. He continued his musical education by studying composition with Václav Talich at Prague Conservatory. From 1948 to 1953 Burghauser was a choirmaster in National Theatre.

After the short-lived Prague Spring, he incurred the disfavor of his country's Communist regime and had to adopt the pseudonym Michal Hájků in order to write a series of compositions in a style which evoked earlier periods of music, called Storia apocrifa della musica Boema.
Polatbey, Polateli
Polatbey, historically Cercik, is a village in the Polateli District, Kilis Province, Turkey. The village had a population of 433 in 2022.

In late 19th century, German orientalist Martin Hartmann listed the village as a settlement of 10 houses inhabited by Turks.

Polateli District
Polateli District is a district of Kilis Province of Turkey. Its seat is the town Polateli. It had a total population of 4,856 in 2022. Its area is 218 km2. It has a population density of 22.51/km² as of 2022.
John Goodison (musician)
John Kenneth Goodison (1943 – 3 September 1988) was an English pop/rock singer, musician, songwriter and producer. He was a member of the original Brotherhood of Man, prior to leading his own number one charting group Big John's Rock and Roll Circus. As a songwriter, he co-wrote the number-one charting song "Give a Little Love" for Bay City Rollers.

Goodison is especially unique in that he made it big in different musical scenes using five different names during the 1960s and 1970s; Johnny B. Great as a solo artist, John Goodison, his real name, as a member of Brotherhood of Man, Big John as a member of Big John's Rock and Roll Circus, and Peter Simmons or Peter Simons as a songwriter.

After a decade of touring as a solo artist or group member, Goodison moved behind the scenes to songwriting and producing. He died on 3 September 1988.

Johnny B. Goode
"Johnny B. Goode" is a song by American musician Chuck Berry, written and sung by Berry in 1958. Released as a single in 1958, it peaked at number two on the Hot R&B Sides chart and number eight on its pre-Billboard Hot 100 chart. The song remains a staple of rock n' roll music.

"Johnny B. Goode" is considered one of the most recognizable songs in the history of popular music. Credited as "the first rock & roll hit about rock & roll stardom", it has been covered by various other artists and has received several honors and accolades. These include being ranked 33rd and 7th, respectively, on Rolling Stone's 2021 and 2004 versions of 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. It was also included as one of the 27 songs on the Voyager Golden Record, a collection of music, images, and sounds designed to serve as an introduction and record of global humanity’s achievements, innovations and culture, to alien/otherworldly inhabitants.
Brabanthallen
51°42′04″N 5°17′23″E﻿ / ﻿51.701111°N 5.289722°E﻿ / 51.701111; 5.289722

The Brabanthallen (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈbraːbɑntˌɦɑlə(n)]; literally "Brabant Halls") is a convention center in 's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands. Every year, it hosts several exhibitions, conferences, trade fairs, concerts and other big events. It is the third largest convention center in the Netherlands, after RAI Amsterdam and Jaarbeurs Utrecht.

's-Hertogenbosch
's-Hertogenbosch (Dutch: [ˌsɛrtoːɣə(m)ˈbɔs] ⓘ), colloquially known as Den Bosch (pronounced [dɛm ˈbɔs] ⓘ), is a city and municipality in the Netherlands with a population of 160,783. It is the capital of the province of North Brabant and its fourth largest city by population. The city is directly south of the Maas river and near the Waal.
John MacLaughlin (priest)
John MacLaughlin  was an Irish Anglican priest.

MacLaughlin was born in County Londonderry and educated at Trinity College, Dublin. He held livings at Killukin and Creeve. 
MacLaughlin  was  Archdeacon of Elphin in 1761 until 1769.  He was then Prebendary of Tirbrien in Elphin Cathedral from 1769 until 1777.

Killukin
Killukin (Irish: Cill Abhaicín), sometimes known as Killucan, is a civil parish in the barony of Boyle, County Roscommon in Ireland. It overlaps with parts of the town of Carrick-on-Shannon, to which it is connected via a bridge over the River Shannon. Much of the parish is located along the road from Carrick-on-Shannon to Elphin. It is bounded on the north by the parish of Toomna, on the west by the parishes of Eastersnow and Ardcarne, on the south by the parish of Killummond, and on the east by the River Shannon.
Habif
Habif is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Agustina Habif (born 1992), Argentine field hockey player

Florencia Habif (born 1993), Argentine field hockey player

Thomas Habif (born 1996), Argentine field hockey player

Thomas Habif
Thomas Ezequiel Habif (born 27 May 1996) is an Argentine field hockey player who plays as a midfielder for German Bundesliga club Mannheimer HC and the Argentine national team.

His sisters Florencia and Agustina have also respresented Argentina in hockey.
Scottie Reynolds
Scottie Reynolds (born October 10, 1987) is an American professional basketball player. Prior to his professional career he played college basketball for Villanova. Reynolds also competed with the United States national team in the 2007 Pan American Games.

LNB Élite
The LNB Élite, currently known for sponsorship reasons as Betclic Élite, is a professional basketball league in France and is the highest level of the French basketball system. The competition has existed since 1921. Since 1987, the Ligue Nationale de Basket (LNB) has governed the league.

Formerly known as the LNB Pro A, each season consists of 16 teams. The bottom two placed teams from each season are relegated to the second tier level Élite 2. The winner of the play-offs of the league are crowned the French national champions.
Jennifer Ward (journalist)
Jennifer Ward (born October 8, 1957) is a Canadian broadcast journalist, and an anchor with CTV News Channel since 1999.

Ward joined Toronto's CFTO in August 1988 as a reporter and was promoted to news anchor in September.  She then moved to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S. in July 1991 to become anchor and reporter for KYW-TV.  In this role she worked as the first solo female anchor for the evening news in Philadelphia.  Five years later she moved to co-host Fox Television's morning program Good Day Philadelphia, which lasted until 1999.  In this role, she won two Emmys.

As of 2014, she works as a news anchor for the national cable channel CTV News Channel and CTV's Canada AM.  Ward is the morning weekend anchor on CTV News Channel, as well as a regular anchor on Canada AM.

Canada AM
Canada AM was a Canadian morning television news show that aired on CTV from 1972 to 2016. Its final hosts were Beverly Thomson and Marci Ien, with Jeff Hutcheson presenting the weather forecast and sports. The program aired on weekdays, and was produced from CTV's facilities at 9 Channel Nine Court in Scarborough, Toronto.

In addition to CTV's local owned-and-operated stations (O&Os) in Eastern Canada as well as affiliate station CITL-DT Lloydminster, the program also aired on independent station CJON-DT (NTV) in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, as well as CTV News Channel, the network's 24-hour national news service. The program previously aired on CTV's O&Os in Western Canada, until they launched their own all-local morning news programmes called CTV Morning Live on August 29, 2011.
Français Pour une Nuit
Français pour une nuit (English: French for One Night) is a live DVD by the American heavy metal band Metallica, recorded in Nîmes, France, in the Arena of Nîmes on July 7, 2009, during the World Magnetic Tour.  It was released in three formats: A standard DVD in a digipak including a 16-page booklet, a Blu-ray, and a digipak with the booklet and a deluxe limited edition box set including the DVD, a copy of Death Magnetic on CD, a T-shirt, laminated pass, and five exclusive photos. Despite only being issued in France, it has been imported in sufficient quantity to be considered a regular release. Aside from the photography by Ross Halfin, the entire project was made by French professionals, from the video to the art direction.

Ross Halfin
Ross William Halfin (born 11 August 1957) is a British rock music photographer. Since the late 1970s he has worked for some of the biggest acts in rock and heavy metal, including Led Zeppelin, AC/DC, Black Sabbath, The Who, Kiss, Metallica, Iron Maiden, Judas Priest, Van Halen, Def Leppard, UFO and many others.
Freedom of religion in Sri Lanka
Freedom of religion in Sri Lanka is a protected right under Chapter II, Article 9 of the constitution of Sri Lanka. This applies to all religions, though Buddhism is given the foremost place under the 1978 Republican Constitution. Sri Lanka is regarded by its Supreme Court as being a Buddhist state.

Limitations on proselytism were outlined by the Supreme Court of Sri Lanka in 2018, with the ruling against a Catholic organisation stating that the provision of economic and financial support to vulnerable individuals while promulgating a faith was an infringement upon those individuals' right to freedom of religion.

In 2023, the country was scored 2 out of 4 for religious freedom.

Proselytism
Proselytism (/ˈprɒsəlɪtɪzəm/ ⓘ) is the policy of attempting to convert people's religious beliefs. Carrying out attempts to instill beliefs can be called proselytization.

Proselytism is illegal in some countries. Some draw distinctions between Christian evangelism and proselytism, regarding proselytism as involuntary or coerced; the two terms can also be understood to merely be synonyms.
Eggs Benedict
Eggs Benedict is a common American breakfast or brunch dish, consisting of two halves of an English muffin, each topped with Canadian bacon or sliced ham, a poached egg, and hollandaise sauce. The dish is believed to have originated in New York City, although a number of different origin stories exist.

Black pudding
Black pudding, also called blood pudding, is a type of blood sausage originating in the United Kingdom and Ireland. It is made from pork or occasionally beef blood, with pork fat or beef suet, and a cereal, usually oatmeal, oat groats, or barley groats. The high proportion of cereal, along with the use of certain herbs, such as pennyroyal, distinguishes black pudding from other blood sausages.
Hill 16
Hill 16  – officially called Dineen Hill 16 and sometimes referred to as The Hill – is a terrace at the Railway End of Croke Park, the principal stadium and headquarters of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA). It is located on the Northside of the Irish capital city, Dublin.

Northside, Dublin
The Northside (Irish: Taobh Ó Thuaidh) in an informal but commonly used term to describe the part of the city of Dublin that lies to the north of the River Liffey, and extending into part of North County Dublin. The part outside the city is within the county of Fingal, a local government area established in 1994. While it is sometimes regarded as less wealthy than the city's Southside, the Northside was originally the home of the city's upper classes and the more privileged of the two. Today, some of the wealthiest areas in Ireland, such as Malahide, Howth, Clontarf, and Castleknock, lie north of the river.
Punitive Expedition Medal
The Punitive Expedition Medal of 1897 was awarded to those veterans of the British North Borneo Company (BNBC), and especially the British North Borneo Constabulary who served in the first punitive expedition to crush Mat Salleh in North Borneo in the year 1897 in the initial stages of the Mat Salleh Rebellion. It was produced in silver and bronze variants.

This was the first medal issued by the company for the war, notably with an orange ribbon and a singular noun. The next medal issued was the Punitive Expeditions Medal (plural noun and tricolor ribbon), issued for fighting taking place in the year 1888 and afterward. Other medals were issued for this war as well, including the Tambunan Expedition Medal, and the Rundum Expedition Medal.

Noun
In grammar, a noun is a word that represents a concrete or abstract thing, like living creatures, places, actions, qualities, states of existence, and ideas. A noun may serve as an object or subject within a phrase, clause, or sentence.

In linguistics, nouns constitute a lexical category (part of speech) defined according to how its members combine with members of other lexical categories. The syntactic occurrence of nouns differs among languages.

In English, prototypical nouns are common nouns or proper nouns that can occur with determiners, articles and attributive adjectives, and can function as the head of a noun phrase. According to traditional and popular classification, pronouns are distinct from nouns, but in much modern theory they are considered a subclass of nouns.  Every language has various linguistic and grammatical distinctions between nouns and verbs.