hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hiraab Imamate
The Hiraab Imamate (Somali: Saldanadda Hiraab), also known as the Yacquubi Dynasty, was a Somali kingdom that ruled parts of the Horn of Africa during the 16th century till the 19th century until it was incorporated into Italian Somaliland. The Imamate was governed by the Hiraab Yacquub Dynasty. It was founded by Imam Omar who successfully rebelled against and defeated the Ajuran Sultanate, later establishing an independent kingdom.

Merca
Merca (Somali: Marka; Arabic: مركة)  is the capital city of the Lower Shebelle province of Somalia, a historic port city in the region. It is located approximately 109 km (68 mi) to the southwest of the nation's capital Mogadishu. Merca is the traditional home territory of the Bimal clan and was the center of the Bimal revolt.
Spartakos Glyfadas
Spartakos Glyfadas is a baseball team based in Glyfada, Greece. Spartakos is the most successful Greek baseball team having won 6 Greek Baseball league championships and 3 Greek Baseball Cups. The team plays in the Greek Baseball league where they are the current champions.

Aris Baseball Club
Aris Thessaloniki Baseball Club is a baseball club based in Thessaloniki, Greece; it is owned by one of the biggest sports clubs in Greece, Aris Thessaloniki. The club was established in 2002 and is the only major baseball club in Macedonia and one of the most important in Greece.

From its first participation in the Hellenic Baseball League, Aris managed to finish in the first three places, being able to play in three international league cups.

Also Aris Baseball Club hosts the biggest baseball tournament in Greece every year in September–October, the Aris Baseball Cup.

In 2008, the club started a women's softball team, which participates at the Greek Softball Championship.
Buchanhaven Hearts F.C.
Buchanhaven Hearts Football Club is a Scottish football club from Peterhead, Aberdeenshire. Members of the Scottish Junior Football Association, it currently plays in North of Scotland Football League. The club is based at Raemoss Park in the Buchanhaven area of Peterhead. The team home colour is maroon & away colour is blue.

The original Buchanhaven Hearts side was founded in 1908 and existed as a Junior club until 1946. After several years in abeyance, the club re-formed in 1959 as a Welfare side before re-joining the SJFA in 1971. A new committee was formed in July 2023, on returning to the Premier division. The committee is working hard behind the scenes to modernize the football club and organising events and sponsors that will continue to provide financial stability for years to come.

The Buchanhaven Hearts social club supports the football club, making use of its bar and large function room to provide refreshments and hospitality packages for home fixtures.

North of Scotland Football League
The North of Scotland Football League (NoSFL) is a football league based in the north east of Scotland. The league sits at levels 6–7 on the Scottish football league system, acting as a feeder to the Highland Football League. It is split into two separate leagues, the Premier League and the Championship which contain 16 teams and 15 teams respectively. Geographically, the league covers Aberdeen, Aberdeenshire, Highland and Moray. The league is the direct successor to the North Region Junior Football League which had been run by the North Region of the Scottish Junior Football Association from 2001 until 2025.

Subject to clubs meeting the required licensing criteria for the Highland League, the winners of the NoSFL take part in an end of season promotion play-off with the North Caledonian Football League champions, with the winner being promoted to the Highland League. As of the 2025–26 season, no team in the NoSFL meets the required licensing criteria.
Thinorycter
Thinorycter is a genus of scarab beetles in the family Scarabaeidae, the sole genus in the tribe Thinorycterini. There are five described species in Thinorycter, found in Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Kazakhstan.

Scarabaeidae
The family Scarabaeidae, as currently defined, consists of over 35,000 species of beetles worldwide; they are often called scarabs or scarab beetles. The classification of this family has undergone significant change. Several groups formerly treated as subfamilies have been elevated to family rank (e.g., Bolboceratidae, Geotrupidae, Glaresidae, Glaphyridae, Hybosoridae, Ochodaeidae, and Pleocomidae), and some reduced to lower ranks. The subfamilies listed in this article are in accordance with those in Catalog of Life (2023).
David A. B. Miller
David A. B. Miller is the W. M. Keck Foundation Professor of Electrical Engineering at Stanford University, emeritus since October 2024. His research interests include the use of optics in switching, interconnection, communications, computing, and sensing systems, physics and applications of quantum well optics and optoelectronics, and fundamental features and limits for optics and nanophotonics in communications and information processing.

Optica (society)
Optica, founded as the Optical Society of America (later the Optical Society), is a professional society of individuals and companies with an interest in optics and photonics. It publishes journals, organizes conferences and exhibitions, and carries out charitable activities.
Chanang
Chanang (Khmer: ចាណាង) is a Cambodian soup eaten by Kreung and other ethnic groups in Ratanakiri province. It is made with beef or pork, noodles, Senna occidentalis, bamboo shoots, baby corn, taro leaves, and ghost beans, the latter of which gives the soup its characteristic dark colour.

Cambodian cuisine
Cambodian cuisine is the national cuisine of Cambodia. It reflects the varied culinary traditions of different ethnic groups in Cambodia, central of which is Khmer cuisine (Khmer: សិល្បៈធ្វើម្ហូបខ្មែរ, lit. 'Khmer culinary art'), the nearly-two-thousand-year-old culinary tradition of the Khmer people. Over centuries, Cambodian cuisine has incorporated elements of Indian, Chinese (in particular Teochew), French, and Portuguese cuisines. Due to some of these shared influences and mutual interaction, Cambodian cuisine has many similarities with the cuisines of Central Thailand, and Southern Vietnam and to a lesser extent also Central Vietnam, Northeastern Thailand and Laos.

Cambodian cuisine can be categorized into three main types: rural, elite and royal cuisine. Although there is some distinction between royal and popular cuisine, it is not as pronounced as in Thailand and Laos. Cambodian royal dishes tend to feature a wider variety of higher-quality ingredients and contain more meat.
Free Dutch forces
The Free Dutch Forces refers to the Dutch military formations of the Dutch government-in-exile and its colonies that were formed to fight alongside the Western Allies against Nazi Germany and its allies during World War II following the Dutch surrender in May 1940.

After the Battle of France, Dutch infantry that had escaped to Britain organized themselves into a "Dutch Legion," which after more structural changes became the Princess Irene Brigade and fought alongside the Allies until the end of the war. In the West Indies, the local defense force protected some of the largest oil refineries in the world, while the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army (KNIL) played a major part in the Pacific War from 1941 to 1942. The Royal Netherlands Navy, the strongest branch of the Dutch Armed Forces, served all over the world.

Dutch East Indies campaign
The Dutch East Indies campaign of 1941–1942 was the conquest of the Dutch East Indies (present-day Indonesia) by forces of the Empire of Japan in the early days of the Pacific campaign of World War II. Allied forces attempted unsuccessfully to defend the islands. The East Indies were targeted by the Japanese for their rich oil resources which would become a vital asset during the war. The campaign and subsequent three-and-a-half-year Japanese occupation was also a major factor in the end of Dutch colonial rule in the region.
Garbary Street
Garbary street is located in the Okole district of Bydgoszcz city, Poland. Its development occurred during the second half of the 19th century and today it displays several buildings listed on the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship Heritage list, with a variety of architectural styles, from eclectic to early modernist. The area also nurtured a series of local successful factories, under the Prussian and the Polish periods.

Mascaron (architecture)
A mascaron is an ornament in the form of a face used in architecture and the decorative arts.  Originally intended to frighten evil spirits from entering a building, the compositional element became purely decorative, usually human in appearance, sometimes chimeric. The most recent architectural styles to extensively employ it were Beaux Arts and Art Nouveau. In addition to architecture, mascarons are used in the other applied arts.
Huaillaccocha
Huaillaccocha (possibly from Quechua waylla meadow, qucha lake, "meadow lake") is a mountain in the Chila mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about 5,100 metres (16,732 ft) high. It is situated in the Arequipa Region, Caylloma Province, Tapay District. Huaillaccocha lies northwest of Surihuiri and Minaspata and southeast of Huallatane. The valley south of the mountain is named Kencohuaycco (possibly from Quechua for "zig-zag valley" or "zig-zag stream"). Its waters flow to the Molloco River, an affluent of the Colca River.

Chila mountain range
The Chila mountain range lies in the Arequipa Region in the Andes of Peru. It extends between 15°02' and 15°26'S and 71°43' and 72°37'W for about 80 km. The range is located in the provinces of Castilla and Caylloma.
Alborz University of Medical Sciences
Alborz University of Medical Sciences (ABZUMS) is a medical school in Alborz Province of Iran. Located in the city of Karaj, the university was established in 2010. The university offers degrees in 7 schools including residencies and fellowships, and administers hospitals and clinics in Karaj city and province of Alborz.

Alborz province
Alborz province (Persian: استان البرز) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its capital is the city of Karaj, which lies 40 km west of Tehran, at the foothills of the Alborz mountains. Alborz is Iran's smallest province in area.
Electronic Commerce Directive 2000
The Electronic Commerce Directive (2000/31/EC) in EU law sets up an Internal Market framework for online services. Its aim is to remove obstacles to cross-border online services in the EU internal market and provide legal certainty for businesses and consumers. It establishes harmonized rules on issues such as the transparency and information requirements for online service providers; commercial communications; and electronic contracts and limitations of liability of intermediary service providers. Finally, the Directive encourages the drawing up of voluntary codes of conduct and includes articles to enhance cooperation between Member States.

There was wide-ranging discussion within EU institutions about how to revise this directive which finally happened with the adoption of the Digital Services Act 2022.

Offer and acceptance
Offer and acceptance are generally recognized as essential requirements for the formation of a contract (together with other requirements such as consideration and legal capacity). Analysis of their operation is a traditional approach in contract law. This classical approach to contract formation has been modified by developments in the law of estoppel, misleading conduct, misrepresentation, unjust enrichment, and power of acceptance.
1962 UCI Road World Championships – Men's road race
The men's road race at the 1962 UCI Road World Championships was the 29th edition of the event. The race took place on Sunday 2 September 1962 in Salò, Italy. The race was won by Jean Stablinski of France.

UCI Road World Championships – Men's road race
The UCI Road World Championships Elite Men's Road Race is a one-day event for professional cyclists that takes place annually. The winner is considered the World Cycling Champion (or World Road Cycling Champion) and earns the right to wear the Rainbow Jersey for a full year in road race or stage events. The event is a single mass start road race with the winner being the first across the line at the completion of the full race distance. The road race is contested by riders organized by national cycling teams as opposed to commercially sponsored trade teams, which is the standard in professional cycling.
Emil von Brück
Emil von Brück (1807 in Krefeld – 1884 in Krefeld) was a German dealer and entomologist mainly interested in Coleoptera.

Brück led an extensive correspondence with the coleopterists of his time, especially Ernst Gustav Kraatz, Lucas von Heyden, Ernest August Hellmuth von Kiesenwetter and Alexander Henry Haliday. He made collecting trips to Italy and Spain and financially supported the expeditions of Gustav Zebe into the Balkans, Greece and Crete.

The expeditions to Spain were in the spring  of 1868 and 1870, when he met Lucas von Heyden in Granada. He collected in Gibraltar, Puerto Santa Maria, Seville, Alicante, Málaga, Cartagena and Valencia.

He became a member of the Netherlands Entomological Society in 1853 and in 1858 joined the Entomological Society of Berlin.

Ernst Gustav Kraatz
Ernst Gustav Kraatz (13 March 1831 – 2 November 1909) was a German entomologist. He collected and described numerous beetles including Staphylinidae. Kraatz was a founding member of the Berlin Entomological Club (Berliner Entomologischer Verein) and the German entomological society (Deutsche Entomologische Gesellschaft) and the first editor of its journal, the Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift. Kraatz was involved in improving the standards of taxonomic description in German entomology and he was a proponent of a national collection that allowed public access to specimens.
2019 Svijany Open
The 2019 Svijany Open was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the 7th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2019 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Liberec, Czech Republic between 29 July and 4 August 2019.

Svijany Open
The Svijany Open is a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor red clay courts. It is currently part of the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour. The first edition was held in 2013. It is held annually at the Liberec Tennis Club in Liberec, Czechia.
Hugh Macdonald Sinclair
Hugh Macdonald Sinclair, FRCP (4 February 1910 – 22 June 1990) was a medical doctor and researcher into human nutrition. He is most widely known for claiming that what he called "diseases of civilization" such as coronary heart disease, cancer, diabetes, inflammation, strokes and skin disease are worsened by "bad fats".

Worshipful Society of Apothecaries
The Society of Apothecaries of London is one of the livery companies of the City of London. It is one of the largest livery companies (with over 1,600 members in 2012) and ranks 58th in their order of precedence.

The Society is a member of the London Museums of Health & Medicine and its guild church is the Church of St Andrew-by-the-Wardrobe.
The Society's modern roles include educational, charitable and social activities, in addition to supporting the City of London, its governance and the Lord Mayor of the City of London.
2024 Missouri House of Representatives election
The 2024 Missouri House of Representatives election took place on November 5, 2024, as part of the biennial 2024 United States elections. It was held alongside numerous other federal, state, and local elections, including the 2024 U.S. presidential election and the 2024 Missouri Senate election. All 163 seats in the Missouri House of Representatives were up for election. Primary elections took place on August 6, 2024.

2024 United States presidential election in Missouri
The 2024 United States presidential election in Missouri took place on Tuesday, November 5, 2024, as part of the 2024 United States elections in which all 50 states plus the District of Columbia participated. Missouri voters chose electors to represent them in the Electoral College via a popular vote. The state of Missouri has 10 electoral votes in the Electoral College, following reapportionment due to the 2020 United States census in which the state neither gained nor lost a seat.

Prior to the election, all major news organizations considered Missouri a state Trump would win, or a red state. Formerly a bellwether state, Missouri has trended towards the Republican Party in recent years and since the late 2010s has been considered a GOP stronghold at both the federal and state levels.

As he did in the previous two presidential elections, Republican Donald Trump easily won Missouri in 2024, this time by an 18.4% margin. This was 0.1% less than the 2016 margin.
Tyuntyugur
Tyuntyugur (Kazakh: Тімтуір; Russian: Тюнтюгур) is a lake in the Kostanay Region, Kazakhstan.

Tyuntyugur is a steppe lake of the central sector of the Turgay Basin in Karasu District, Kostanay Region. By the northern shore lies the small village of Tyuntyugur and the administrative center of the district, Karasu village, is located 15 kilometers (9.3 mi) to the west of the western lakeshore. Tyuntyugur is part of the Koibagar-Tyuntyugur Lake System, a 58,000 hectares (140,000 acres) Ramsar site, since 2009.

Karasu District
Karasu (Kazakh: Қарасу ауданы, Qarasu audany) is a district of Kostanay Region in northern Kazakhstan. The administrative center of the district is the selo of Karasu. Population: 27,879 (2013 estimate); 29,238 (2009 census results); 37,360 (1999 census results).
1952 United States Senate special election in Connecticut
The 1952 United States Senate special election in Connecticut was held on November 4, 1952, to fill the vacancy left by the death of Brien McMahon.

Republican candidate Prescott Bush defeated Democrat Abraham Ribicoff and served the remainder of the Senate term. Bush was later re-elected in 1956 to a full term in office over Democratic U.S. Representative Thomas J. Dodd. Ribicoff would later succeed Bush in the Senate after his retirement in 1962.

1962 United States Senate election in Connecticut
The 1962 United States Senate election in Connecticut was held on November 6, 1962.

Incumbent Senator Prescott Bush retired instead of seeking a second full term in office. Former Governor of Connecticut and United States Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare Abraham Ribicoff was elected his successor over Congressman Horace Seely-Brown Jr. Ribicoff had previously sought election to this seat in 1952 but lost to Bush.
James Murray Yale
James Murray Yale (c. 1798 – 7 May 1871) was a clerk, and later, a chief trader for the Hudson's Bay Company, during the late North American fur trade, as they were competing with the Montreal-based North West Company and the American Fur Company of John Jacob Astor. During his career, he would negotiate and compete with Americans, French Canadians, Russians, and Indians for market shares. He is best remembered for having given his name to Fort Yale, British Columbia, which became the city of Yale during the gold rush, and later on, became the name of the Yaletown district of downtown Vancouver.

Yale also became Chief Factor of the Columbia District, opposing Astor's Pacific Fur Company and NWC's dominance along the Columbia department, including the Pacific Northwest and Oregon Country. Notably, the Colony of British Columbia was created at his fort in 1858, with Sir James Douglas elected as first Governor, and the fort as capital.

Kwantlen First Nation
Kwantlen First Nation (Halkomelem: q̓ʷa:n̓ƛ̓ən̓ or Qw'ó:ltl'el) is a First Nations band government in British Columbia, Canada, located primarily on McMillan Island near Fort Langley. The Kwantlen people traditionally speak hən̓q̓əmin̓əm̓, the Downriver dialect of Halkomelem, one of the Salishan family languages.

The Kwantlen are a Stó:lō people (an ethnicity which includes the nearby Katzie and Kwikwetlem First Nations among many others throughout British Columbia's Lower Mainland region), though as of June 2018, Kwantlen withdrew from the Sto:lo Tribal Council and currently operates as an independent Nation.
ISO 3166-2:SN
ISO 3166-2:SN is the entry for Senegal in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.

Currently for Senegal, ISO 3166-2 codes are defined for 14 regions.

Each code consists of two parts, separated by a hyphen. The first part is SN, the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code of Senegal. The second part is two letters.

ISO 3166-1 alpha-2
ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 codes are two-letter country codes defined in ISO 3166-1, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), to represent countries, dependent territories, and special areas of geographical interest. They are the most widely used of the country codes published by ISO (the others being alpha-3 and numeric), and are used most prominently for the Internet's country code top-level domains (with a few exceptions). They were first included as part of the ISO 3166 standard in its first edition in 1974.
Doda West Assembly constituency
Doda West Assembly constituency is one of the 90 constituencies in the Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir a north state of India. Doda West is also part of Udhampur Lok Sabha constituency. This constituency was created in 2022 after delimitation process in Jammu and Kashmir (union territory). In May 2022, the final list of new assembly constituencies was published in the gazette. The new constituency consists of Marmat, Assar, Kastigarh, and Bhagwah tehsils; Doda tehsil (part, excluding Doda), Arnora, Dhar, Doda MC, Udhyanpur (part), and Dhara PCs.

Udhampur Lok Sabha constituency
Udhampur Lok Sabha constituency is one of the six Lok Sabha (parliamentary) constituencies in Jammu and Kashmir in northern India. The constituency covers 20,230 square kilometres of mountainous Himalayan terrain, and is comparable to the size of Israel. It is composed of the districts of Kishtwar, Ramban, Kathua, Doda, and Udhampur. Udhampur constituency's population is over 2,400,000, and exceeds the population of New Mexico. The seat from 1967 to 1980 was held by Karan Singh, the former crown prince of Jammu and Kashmir. It is currently represented by Union minister Jitendra Singh since 2014 from the Bharatiya Janata Party.
Young Theater
Young Theater (Polish: Teatr Młodych, Yiddish: יינג טעאטער) was an experimental theatre started in Warsaw in 1929 by Michał Weichert, with support from the Kultur Lige. The theater aimed to teach new actors from working-class backgrounds, who often had some amateur experience. Weichert set up stages throughout the hall or venue, and immersed with the audience, using lighting to direct the attention of the audience.

Several prominent members of Yiddish drama in Warsaw were involved with the theater, such as composer Henech Kon, set designer Szymon Syrkus, and director Jakub Rotbaum. Young Theater had limited resources and faced frequent police incursions starting in 1936, changing its name many times, from 1937, the New Theater, but was able to put on many productions until the Nazi invasion of Poland in 1939.

Experimental theatre
Experimental theatre (also known as avant-garde theatre), inspired largely by Wagner's concept of Gesamtkunstwerk, began in Western theatre in the late 19th century with Alfred Jarry and his Ubu plays as a rejection of both the age in particular and, in general, the dominant ways of writing and producing plays. The term has shifted over time as the mainstream theatre world has adopted many forms that were once considered radical.

Like other forms of the avant-garde, it was created as a response to a perceived general cultural crisis. Despite different political and formal approaches, all avant-garde theatre opposes bourgeois theatre. It tries to introduce a different use of language and the body to change the mode of perception and to create a new, more active relation with the audience.