hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lygodactylus
Lygodactylus is a genus of diurnal geckos with 82 species. They are commonly referred to as dwarf geckos. They are mainly found in Africa and Madagascar although two species are found in South America. Lygodactylus picturatus, the best known species, is found in Kenya and commonly known as the white-headed dwarf gecko.  Recently, illegal importation from Tanzania of brightly colored (and critically-endangered), Lygodactylus williamsi, known as electric blue geckos, has been gaining attention for Lygodactylus geckos in the reptile trade.

Since all trade in wild-caught Lygodactylus williamsi is illegal, shipments of these geckos are often intentionally mislabelled as Lygodactylus spp. or as Lygodactylus capensis. As some customs officials have difficulty identifying members of this genus, a Lygodactylus spp. identification guide has been published online by CITES.

CITES
CITES (shorter acronym for the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, also known as the Washington Convention) is a multilateral treaty to protect endangered plants and animals from the threats of international trade. It was drafted as a result of a resolution adopted in 1963 at a meeting of members of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The convention was opened for signature in 1973 and CITES entered into force on 1 July 1975.

Its aim is to ensure that international trade (import/export) in specimens of animals and plants included under CITES does not threaten the survival of the species in the wild. This is achieved via a system of permits and certificates. CITES affords varying degrees of protection to more than 40,900 species.

As of December 2024, the Secretary-General of CITES is Ivonne Higuero.
M6 aircrew survival weapon
The M6 aircrew survival weapon was a specially-made .22 Hornet over .410 bore combination gun issued to United States Air Force aircrews to help forage for food in the event of a plane crash. It was issued from 1952 until the early 1970s, in conjunction with the M4 Survival Rifle. Plans to replace both with the ArmaLite AR-5 (aka: MA-1) never came to fruition and in 2018 was instead replaced with the GAU-5A Aircrew Self Defense Weapon in some instances.

CAR-15
The Colt Automatic Rifle-15 or CAR-15 is a family of M16 rifle–based firearms marketed by Colt in the 1960s and early 1970s. However, the term "CAR-15" is most commonly associated with the Colt Commando (AKA: XM177); these select-fire carbines have ultrashort 10.5-inch (270 mm) and 11.5-inch (290 mm) barrels with over-sized flash suppressors.
The Mouse on the Moon
The Mouse on the Moon is a 1963 British comedy film, the sequel to The Mouse That Roared. It is an adaptation of the 1962 novel The Mouse on the Moon by Irish author Leonard Wibberley, and was directed by Richard Lester. In it, the people of the Duchy of Grand Fenwick, a microstate in Europe, attempt space flight using wine as a propellant. It satirises the space race, Cold War and politics.

Peter Sellers, who had played three roles in the first film, did not return for this sequel and was replaced by Margaret Rutherford and Ron Moody for two of Sellers' characters. The third character, Tully Bascombe, was not present in the sequel. Likewise Leo McKern did not reprise his role of Benter; this part was played by Roddy McMillan. The film also featured June Ritchie, Bernard Cribbins and Terry-Thomas, with David Kossoff reprising his role as Professor Kokintz.

Roddy McMillan
Roddy McMillan OBE (23 March 1923 – 9 July 1979) was a Scottish actor and playwright, possibly most famous for his comedy role as Para Handy for BBC Scotland's television series, The Vital Spark. He also played the lead role in Edward Boyd's private eye series, The View from Daniel Pike.
Isosorbide
Isosorbide is a bicyclic chemical compound from the group of diols and the oxygen-containing heterocycles, containing two fused furan rings. The starting material for isosorbide is D-sorbitol, which is obtained by catalytic hydrogenation of D-glucose, which is in turn produced by hydrolysis of starch. Isosorbide is discussed as a plant-based platform chemical from which biodegradable derivatives of various functionality can be obtained.

In 2023, it was the 125th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 5 million prescriptions.

Furan
Furan is a heterocyclic organic compound, consisting of a five-membered aromatic ring with four carbon atoms and one oxygen atom.  Chemical compounds containing such rings are also referred to as furans.

Furan is a colorless, flammable, highly volatile liquid with a boiling point close to room temperature. It is soluble in common organic solvents, including alcohol, ether, and acetone, and is slightly soluble in water.  Its odor is strong and chloroform-like.  It is toxic and may be carcinogenic in humans. Furan is used as a starting point for other speciality chemicals.
Zelyony, Bykovsky District, Volgograd Oblast
Zelyony (Russian: Зелёный) is a rural locality (a settlement) and the administrative center of Zelyonovskoye Rural Settlement, Bykovsky District, Volgograd Oblast, Russia. The population was 609 as of 2010. There are 10 streets.

Bykovsky District
Bykovsky District (Russian: Бы́ковский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the thirty-three in Volgograd Oblast, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Bykovsky Municipal District. It is located in the east of the oblast. The area of the district is 3,410 square kilometers (1,320 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Bykovo. Population: 27,055 (2010 Census); 28,572 (2002 Census); 27,151 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Bykovo accounts for 28.5% of the district's total population.
The Register-Guard
The Register-Guard is a daily newspaper in the northwestern United States, published in Eugene, Oregon. It was formed in a 1930 merger of two Eugene papers, the Eugene Daily Guard and the Morning Register. The paper serves the Eugene-Springfield area, as well as the Oregon Coast, Umpqua River valley, and surrounding areas. As of 2019, it had a supposed circulation of 18,886 daily.

The newspaper has been owned by The Gannett Company since Gannett's 2019 merger with GateHouse Media. It had been sold to GateHouse in 2018. From 1927 to 2018, it was owned by the Baker family of Eugene, and members of the family served as both editor and publisher for nearly all of that time period. It is Oregon's second-largest daily newspaper and, until the 2018 sale to GateHouse, was one of the few medium-sized family newspapers left in the United States.

Springfield, Oregon
Springfield is a city in Lane County, Oregon, United States. Located in the Southern Willamette Valley, it is within the Eugene-Springfield metropolitan statistical area. Separated from Eugene to the west, mainly by Interstate 5, Springfield is the second-most populous city in the metropolitan area after Eugene. As of the 2020 census, the city has a total population of 61,851, making it the ninth-most populous city in Oregon.

The Briggs family first settled the Springfield area, arriving in 1848. The community was incorporated as a city in 1885. The city was named after a natural spring located in a field or prairie within the current city boundaries. For the majority of the 20th century, the economy of Springfield was largely dependent on the Oregon timber industry; since the 1990s, however, the economy has diversified, with PeaceHealth now the largest employer in the city. Public education in the city is provided by the Springfield School District.
History of rugby union matches between South Africa and the British & Irish Lions
In rugby union, since their first meeting in 1891, the British & Irish Lions and the South Africa national team have contested 13 series, with South Africa winning nine to the Lions' four, and one drawn series in 1955. The two teams have played 49 matches; South Africa have won 25 times to the Lions' 18, with the remaining six matches finishing as draws. The Lions won the first two series between the two sides in 1891 and 1896, including wins in the first six matches, but then did not win another series until their unbeaten 1974 tour. After South Africa's victory in the 1980 series, the two teams did not meet again until 1997 as a result of apartheid sanctions; the Lions won the 1997 series, before South Africa won the next two tours; 2009 and 2021.

1980 British Lions tour to South Africa
In 1980 the British Lions rugby union team toured South Africa (including one game in Windhoek, South West Africa, the future Namibia). The tour was not a success for the Lions, as they lost the first three tests before salvaging some pride with a win in the fourth. The team did however win all their 14 non-international matches. The Lions were captained by Bill Beaumont.
Sukh Kalale
"Sukh Kalale" is a Marathi-language song from the soundtrack album of the film Ved, directed by Riteish Deshmukh. The song is composed and written by Ajay-Atul, sung by Shreya Ghoshal. The song depicting Shravani's (Genelia D'Souza) one-sided love in the film. It became a hit. A new version of the same song is featured in the voice of Ajay Gogavle.

Ved (film)
Ved (transl. Madness) is a 2022 Indian Marathi-language romantic drama film directed by Riteish Deshmukh, in his directorial debut, and produced by Genelia D'Souza, both of whom also star along with Jiya Shankar marking her debut in Marathi films. Ashok Saraf play supporting roles. It is a remake of the 2019 Telugu language romantic slice of life, Majili.

It was theatrically released on 30 December 2022, to positive reviews with praise for its performances (especially Deshmukh's and D'Souza’s), direction, cinematography, soundtrack, and background score. Though, some criticised its slow pace. With a gross collection of ₹75 crore (US$8.9 million), it became the highest-grossing Marathi film of 2022 and the fourth highest-grossing Marathi film of all time, surpassing Deshmukh's own Lai Bhaari (2014). At 14th MKF Awards, the film received 15 nominations and won a leading seven awards, including Best Actor and Best Director for Riteish Deshmukh.
Jacques Dutronc (1968 album)
Jacques Dutronc is the second studio album by the French singer-songwriter Jacques Dutronc, released in 1968. Since Dutronc's first seven albums are all self-titled, the album is commonly referred to by the title Il est cinq heures, after one of its singles. It is also sometimes referred to as Comment elles dorment, after its opening track. Jean-Marie Périer was credited for the front cover photography.

The single "Il est cinq heures, Paris s'éveille" was number one on the French charts for one week, from 23 March 1968.

Jean-Marie Périer
Jean-Marie Périer (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ maʁi peʁje]; born 1 February 1940) is a French photographer and film director.

On 22 June 1963, the magazine Salut les copains organised a concert on Place de la Nation in Paris, with singers such as Johnny Hallyday, Richard Anthony, Eddy Mitchell and Frank Alamo. It attracted over 150,000 young people. The following day, the Paris-Presse headline read "Salut les voyous!" The concert photographer and friend of many singers was Jean-Marie Périer.
2015 Campeonato Cearense
The 2015 Campeonato Cearense de Futebol was the 101st season of top professional football league in the state of Ceará, Brazil. The competition began on January 14 and ended on May 3. Fortaleza won the championship for the 40th time, while Horizonte and São Benedito were relegated.

Horizonte Futebol Clube
Horizonte Futebol Clube, commonly known as Horizonte, is a Brazilian football men's and women's team based in Horizonte, Ceará state. The men's team competed in the Série C and in the Copa do Brasil once, while the women's team competed in the Copa do Brasil de Futebol Feminino once.
Rocco Marconi
Rocco Marconi (born before 1490 – 13 May 1529) was an Italian painter of the Renaissance period, active mainly in Venice and Treviso. He was a pupil of the painter Giovanni Bellini along with Vittore Belliniano and Girolamo Santacroce. His first wife died in 1511. He is known to have joined the Venetian painters' guild (fraglia) in 1517, and the Scuola di Sant’Anna in 1526.

Treviso
Treviso (US: /treɪˈviːzoʊ/ tray-VEE-zoh; Italian: [treˈviːzo] ⓘ; Venetian: Trevixo [tɾeˈvizo]) is a city and comune (municipality) in the Veneto region of northern Italy. It is the capital of the province of Treviso and the municipality has 87,322 inhabitants (as of December 2024). Some 3,000 live within the Venetian walls (le Mura) or in the historical and monumental center; some 80,000 live in the urban center while the city hinterland has a population of approximately 170,000.

The province is home to the headquarters of clothing retailer Benetton, Sisley, Stefanel, Geox, Diadora and Lotto Sport Italia, appliance maker De'Longhi, and bicycle maker Pinarello.

Treviso is also known for being the original production area of Prosecco wine and radicchio, and is thought to have been the origin of the popular Italian dessert tiramisù.
Shenouda
Shenouda (Egyptian Arabic: شنودة  pronounced [ʃeˈnuːdæ]) is an Egyptian male name, which is commonly used among Egyptian Christians (the Copts). The name comes from Coptic: Ϣⲉⲛⲟⲩϯ (Šenoude / Šinouti ) and is a composite of the Egyptian words: še (ϣⲉ "son"), en- (ⲉⲛ "of") and Noude / Nouti (Ⲛⲟⲩϯ "God"), thus meaning the son of God.

The difference in pronunciation and transcription of the last part of the name is because of differing pronunciations in the main Coptic dialects for the Coptic alphabet.

Some of the most famous people with this name include:

Saint Shenouda the Archimandrite

Shenoute
Shenoute of Atripe, also known as Shenoute the Great or Saint Shenoute the Archimandrite (Coptic: Ⲁⲃⲃⲁ Ϣⲉⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲡⲓⲁⲣⲭⲓⲙⲁⲛ'ⲇⲣⲓⲧⲏⲥ), was the abbot of the White Monastery in Egypt. He is considered a saint by the Oriental Orthodox Churches and is one of the most renowned saints of the Coptic Orthodox Church.
Jakub Lejkin
Jakub Lejkin (1906 – 29 October 1942) was a Polish lawyer, deputy commander of the Jewish Ghetto Police subordinate to the Germans at the Warsaw Ghetto. He was the administrator from May to July 1942 (after the temporary arrest by the Gestapo of Józef Szeryński). Lejkin played a leading role in the deportation of local Jews to extermination camps. The Germans nicknamed him “little Napoleon” and adored his brutality.

His father was a wealthy tradesman. Lejkin graduated from the Polish military school in Jarocin. Before the war, he worked as a lawyer in Warsaw.

On 29 October 1942, at 18:10, he died as a result of the execution carried out by the Jewish Combat Organization. Lejkin was shot in broad daylight on Gęsia Street in Warsaw by the Jewish resistance fighter Eliasz Różański. His route was tracked down earlier by other resistance soldiers, Emilia Landau and Israel Gutman. Lejkin was buried in the Warsaw Jewish cemetery.

Jewish Combat Organization
The Jewish Combat Organization (Polish: Żydowska Organizacja Bojowa, ŻOB; Yiddish: ייִדישע קאַמף אָרגאַניזאַציע‎ Yidishe Kamf Organizatsie; often translated to English as the Jewish Fighting Organization) was a World War II resistance movement in occupied Poland, which emerged from the merger of five Jewish political and youth organizations: Hashomer Hatzair, Habonim Dror, Poale Zion, and the Bund, and was central in organizing and launching the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. ŻOB took part in a number of other resistance activities as well.
Laz people in Georgia
The Laz people in Georgia (Georgian: ლაზები საქართველოში, Lazebi Sakartveloshi; Laz: ლაზეფე ოქორთურას, Lazepe Okorturas) refers to an indigenous Kartvelian-speaking ethnic group inhabiting the Black Sea coastal regions of Turkey and Georgia. There are about 2,000 Laz in Georgia, mainly in Sarpi, Kvariati and Gonio villages and Batumi. Laz identity in Georgia has largely merged with a Georgian identity, and the meaning of "Laz" is seen as merely a regional category. Kolkhoba is an annual Laz festival held each year at the end of August or the beginning of September in Sarpi, a village in Georgia. Sopho Khalvashi was a first Georgian musician of Laz heritage who represented her home nation at the Eurovision Song Contest 2007.

Kvariati
Kvariati (Georgian: კვარიათი) is a village in Georgia, situated on the eastern coast of the Black Sea. It is part of the municipal area of Batumi since 2011 and a seaside resort, visited annually by Georgians and many former Soviet Union residents. It is inhabited by the Laz subgroup of Georgians.

According to census held in 2002, the population of the village was 98.
FC Echallens
FC Échallens Région, commonly known as Échallens Région is a Swiss football club from Echallens, canton of Vaud. The team currently play in 1. Liga Classic, fourth tier of Swiss football pyramid. The club was formed in 1921.

Swiss Football League
The Swiss Football League is the organisation which controls and directs the professional football in Switzerland and Liechtenstein. Founded in 1933 as the National League (in German Nationalliga, in French Ligue Nationale), it assumed its current name in 2003.

It deals with the Super League and Challenge League championships and is therefore made up of 22 clubs.
Mike Martin (British politician)
Dr. Michael Peter Martin is a British politician, author and former Army officer, who has served multiple tours in Afghanistan. Martin has been a Member of Parliament (MP) for Tunbridge Wells since 2024. A member of the Liberal Democrats, he gained the seat vacated by Greg Clark, the Conservative MP who stood down at the 2024 election. Martin is the first Liberal Democrat MP ever to be elected in Kent. Martin identifies as pro-European, internationalist, pro-business, "explicitly pro-green", and as being in favour of a strong stance on defence.

Pro-Europeanism
Pro-Europeanism, sometimes called European Unionism, is a political position that favours European integration and membership of the European Union (EU). The opposite of Pro-Europeanism is Euroscepticism.
Society for Disability Studies
The Society for Disability Studies is an international academic network of disability studies practitioners. It often abbreviates its name to SDS, though that abbreviation continues to be used by academics and political scientists to describe the Students for a Democratic Society organization in the United States. The society's overall goal is to promote disability studies as a serious academic discipline on par with philosophy, the social sciences, and similar fields.

Students for a Democratic Society
Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) was a national student activist organization in the United States during the 1960s and was one of the principal representations of the New Left. Disdaining permanent leaders, hierarchical relationships and parliamentary procedure, the founders conceived of the organization as a broad exercise in "participatory democracy". From its launch in 1960, it grew rapidly in the course of the tumultuous decade, with over 300 campus chapters and 30,000 supporters recorded nationwide by its last national convention in 1969. The organization splintered at that convention amidst rivalry between factions seeking to impose national leadership and direction, and disputing "revolutionary" positions on, among other issues, the Vietnam War and Black Power.

A new national network for left-wing student organizing, also calling itself Students for a Democratic Society, was founded in 2006.
Morris Hirsch
Morris William Hirsch (born June 28, 1933) is an American mathematician, formerly at the University of California, Berkeley.

A native of Chicago, Illinois, Hirsch attained his doctorate from the University of Chicago in 1958, under supervision of Edwin Spanier and Stephen Smale. His thesis was entitled Immersions of Manifolds. In 2012, he became a fellow of the American Mathematical Society.

Hirsch had 23 doctoral students, including William Thurston, William Goldman, and Mary Lou Zeeman.

Academic Press
Academic Press (AP) is an academic book publisher founded in 1941. It launched a British division in the 1950s. Academic Press was acquired by Harcourt, Brace & World in 1969. Reed Elsevier said in 2000 it would buy Harcourt, a deal completed the next year, after a regulatory review.  Thus, Academic Press became an imprint of Elsevier.

Academic Press publishes reference books, serials and online products in the subject areas of:

Communications engineering

Economics

Environmental science

Finance

Food science and nutrition

Geophysics

Life sciences

Mathematics and statistics

Neuroscience

Physical sciences

Psychology

Well-known products include the Methods in Enzymology series and encyclopedias such as The International Encyclopedia of Public Health and the Encyclopedia of Neuroscience.
Dale Joseph Melczek
Dale Joseph Melczek (November 9, 1938 – August 25, 2022) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church.  He served as an auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Detroit in Michigan from 1982 to 1992 and as bishop of the Diocese of Gary in Indiana from 1996 until 2014.

Apostolic administration
An apostolic administration in the Catholic Church is administrated by a prelate appointed by the pope to serve as the ordinary for a specific area. Either the area is not yet a diocese (a stable 'pre-diocesan', usually missionary apostolic administration), or is a diocese, archdiocese, eparchy or similar permanent ordinariate (such as a territorial prelature or a territorial abbacy) that has no mainstay prelate (an apostolic administrator sede vacante, as after an episcopal death, resignation or transfer to another territory) or, in very rare cases, has an incapacitated head (apostolic administrator sede plena). The title also applies to an outgoing incumbent while awaiting for the date of assuming his new position or date of effectivity of a retirement.
Level of repair analysis
Level of repair analysis (LORA) is used as an analytical methodology used to determine where an item will be replaced, repaired, or discarded based on cost considerations and operational readiness requirements. For a complex engineering system containing thousands of assemblies, sub-assemblies, components, organized into several levels of indenture and with a number of possible repair decisions, LORA seeks to determine an optimal provision of repair and maintenance facilities to minimize overall system life-cycle costs.

Logistics personnel examine not only the cost of the part to be replaced or repaired but all of the elements required to make sure the job is done correctly. This includes the skill level of personnel, support equipment required to perform the task, test equipment required to test the repaired product, and the facilities required to house the entire operation.

Whole-life cost
Whole-life cost is the total cost of ownership over the life of an asset. The concept is also known as life-cycle cost (LCC) or lifetime cost, and is commonly referred to as "cradle to grave" or "womb to tomb" costs. Costs considered include the financial cost which is relatively simple to calculate and also the environmental and social costs which are more difficult to quantify and assign numerical values. Typical areas of expenditure which are included in calculating the whole-life cost include planning, design, construction and acquisition, operations, maintenance, renewal and rehabilitation, depreciation and cost of finance and replacement or disposal.