hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Narratology
Narratology is the study of narrative and narrative structure and the ways that these affect human perception. The term is an anglicisation of French narratologie, coined by Tzvetan Todorov (Grammaire du Décaméron, 1969). Its theoretical lineage is traceable to Aristotle (Poetics) but modern narratology is agreed to have begun with the Russian formalists, particularly Vladimir Propp (Morphology of the Folktale, 1928), and Mikhail Bakhtin's theories of heteroglossia, dialogism, and the chronotope first presented in The Dialogic Imagination (1975).

Cognitive narratology is a more recent development that allows for a broader understanding of narrative. Rather than focus on the structure of the story, cognitive narratology asks "how humans make sense of stories" and "how humans use stories as sense-making instruments".

Mikhail Bakhtin
Mikhail Mikhailovich Bakhtin (/ˈbɑːxtɪn/; Russian: Михаи́л Миха́йлович Бахти́н, IPA: [mʲɪxɐˈil mʲɪˈxajləvʲɪdʑ bɐxˈtʲin]; 16 November [O.S. 4 November] 1895 – 7 March 1975) was a Russian philosopher and literary critic who worked on the philosophy of language, ethics, and literary theory. His writings, on a variety of subjects, inspired scholars working in a number of different traditions (Marxism, semiotics, structuralism, religious criticism) and in disciplines as diverse as literary criticism, history, philosophy, sociology, anthropology, and psychology. Although Bakhtin was active in the debates on aesthetics and literature that took place in the Soviet Union in the 1920s, his distinctive position did not become well known until he was rediscovered by Russian scholars in the 1960s.
Mailbox Birmingham
Mailbox Birmingham, also known as The Mailbox, is a mixed-use development located within the city centre of Birmingham, England. It houses British luxury department store chain Harvey Nichols, and the BBC Birmingham studios.

The scheme comprises 689,000 sq. ft. of primarily office space, with ancillary retail and leisure offering, located on a 4.8-acre waterside site. It is home to BBC Birmingham, WSP, Associated Architects, Harvey Nichols, Malmaison Birmingham and other leading stores and restaurants.

The Mailbox is about 300 metres (980 ft) long from front to back including The Cube. Above the front shops it has an additional six floors which includes a hotel and residential apartments. The Worcester and Birmingham Canal passes along the back with a number of restaurants overlooking. To the front it faces a flyover of the Suffolk Street Queensway road, with an underpass leading to Birmingham New Street railway station.

WSP Global
WSP Global Inc. is a Canadian consulting firm working mostly in the built environment.  It was created in 2012, following Montreal-based Genivar's takeover of British firm WSP Group plc. It is listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange. After the purchase of New York-headquartered professional services firm Parsons Brinckerhoff in October 2014, WSP effectively became one of the largest professional services firms in the world, with approximately 73,300 employees in 500 offices serving in 40 countries.
Balkan Gagauz language
Balkan Gagauz,  Balkan Turkish or Rumelian Turkish (Turkish: Rumeli Türkçesi), is a Turkic language spoken in European Turkey, in Dulovo and the Deliorman area in Bulgaria, the Prizren area in Kosovo, and the Kumanovo and Bitola areas of North Macedonia. Dialects include Gajal, Gerlovo Turk, Kyzylbash, Surguch, Tozluk Turk, Yuruk (Konyar, Yoruk), Prizren Turk, and Macedonian Gagauz.

Although it is mutually intelligible with both Gagauz and Turkish to a considerable degree, it is usually classified as a separate language, due to foreign influences from neighboring languages spoken in the Balkans.

Balkan Gagauz Turkish was given international prominence through the Oscar-nominated 2019 film Honeyland, in which the protagonist is an ethnic Macedonian Turk and mostly speaks in the local dialect throughout the film.

Turks in North Macedonia
Turks in North Macedonia, also known as Turkish Macedonians and Macedonian Turks, (Macedonian: Македонски Турци, romanized: Makedonski Turci, Turkish: Makedonya Türkleri) are the ethnic Turks who constitute the third-largest ethnic group in the Republic of North Macedonia. According to the 2021 census, there were 70,961 Turks living in the country, forming a minority of some 3.86% of the population. The community forms a majority in Centar Župa and Plasnica.
Aircraft engine
An aircraft engine, often referred to as an aero engine, is the power component of an aircraft propulsion system. Aircraft using power components are referred to as powered flight. Most aircraft engines are either piston engines or gas turbines, although a few have been rocket powered and in recent years many small UAVs have used electric motors.

Pipistrel Velis Electro
The Pipistrel Velis Electro is a Slovenian light aircraft, designed and produced by Pipistrel of Ajdovščina. The aircraft was EASA CS-LSA fully electric type certified in June 2020 and it is intended primarily for the training aircraft role, particularly multiple successive take-off and landings at the airfield. The design is the first type certified electric aircraft and is supplied complete and ready-to-fly.
Bichpari
Bichpari is a village in Gohana tehsil of the Sonipat district in the Indian state of Haryana. At the 2011 census, its population was 6,032.

The village made international headlines on 5 January 2020 when Pastor Jai Singh was dragged from his home by a large mob of Hindu extremists, thirty of whom took turns to beat him before handing him over to police. Pastor Singh was accused of paying Hindus to convert to Christianity and arrested. He remained in custody for three days and so far no action has been taken against his attackers.

Bichpari is also known for the medical treatment given by villagers for fractures, and many people used to come here from nearby villages to receive treatment. It's also known as "Ladoo wali Bichpari", because of the many temples surrounding the village. Vinay Punia who is eminent personality in law hails from this village.

Gohana
Gohana is a city and a municipal council, near Sonipat city in the Sonipat district of the Indian state of Haryana. Gohana is the oldest Tehsil of Haryana. Gohana is also famous all over the world for its Maturam's Jalebi (which is also national sweet of India).
Quim (footballer, born 1975)
Joaquim Manuel Sampaio da Silva OIH (born 13 November 1975), known as Quim (Portuguese pronunciation: [kĩ]), is a Portuguese former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

He appeared in 396 Primeira Liga matches during his career, over 12 seasons with Braga, six with Benfica and one with Aves, and won five major titles with the second club.

Quim represented Portugal at the 2006 World Cup and in two European Championships, earning 32 caps.

1994 UEFA European Under-18 Championship
The UEFA European Under-18 Championship 1994 Final Tournament was held in Spain. It also served as the European qualification for the 1995 FIFA World Youth Championship. Players born on or after 1 August 1975 were eligible to participate in this competition.
Andrei Stelmakh
Andrei Stelmakh (born March 15, 1990) is a Russian professional ice hockey goaltender. He is currently playing with PSK Sakhalin of the Asia League Ice Hockey (ALIH).

Stelmakh made his professional debut with HC Almaty during the 2012–13 Kazakhstan Hockey Championship season, playing 35 games. He also played one game for Admiral Vladivostok of the Kontinental Hockey League during the 2013–14 KHL season.

2012–13 Kazakhstan Hockey Championship
The 2012–13 Kazakhstan Hockey Championship was the 21st season of the Kazakhstan Hockey Championship, the top level of ice hockey in Kazakhstan. 10 teams participated in the league, and Yertis Pavlodar won the championship.
T. G. Kamala Devi
T. G. Kamala Devi (born Thota Govindamma; 29 December 1930 – 16 August 2012), also known as Kamala Chandra Babu, was an Indian dubbing artist, playback singer and actor who primarily contributed to Telugu cinema as well as a few Tamil films. She was also a former professional level billiards player who won the Indian Women Billiards title twice. She died of a brief illness at Chennai on 16 August 2012.

Playback singer
A playback singer, as they are usually known in South Asian cinema, or ghost singer in Western cinema, is a vocalist whose performance is pre-recorded for use in film. Playback singers record songs for soundtracks, and the actors lip-sync the songs for camera; the actual playback singer does not get filmed or appear on screen. Generally, to synchronise with the emotional situation of the song or complete film, the playback singer is given an idea or emotional context of that part of the film so that they can interpret by taking the right moves in their vocals.
Richard Bethell (1772–1864)
Richard Bethell (10 May 1772 – 25 December 1864) was a British Tory and then Conservative Party politician from Rise in the East Riding of Yorkshire. He sat in the House of Commons between 1830 and 1841.

Rise, East Riding of Yorkshire
Rise is a village and civil parish in Holderness, the East Riding of Yorkshire, England.  It is situated approximately 7 miles (11 km) east of the town of Beverley and 5 miles (8 km) south-west of Hornsea. It lies to the east of the B1243 road.

The place-name 'Rise' is first attested in the Domesday Book of 1086, where it appears as Risun in the Holderness Wapentake. This is the plural of the Old English word 'hris', meaning 'brushwood'.

According to the 2011 UK census, Rise parish had a population of 105, a reduction on the 2001 UK census figure of 119.

Rise was served from 1864 to 1964 by Whitedale railway station on the Hull and Hornsea Railway, until the line was closed following the Beeching Report.
Khumanlol
Khumanlol (Meitei: ꯈꯨꯃꯟꯂꯣꯜ), also spelt as Khumanlon (Meitei: ꯈꯨꯃꯟꯂꯣꯟ), is a chronicle (puya) of the genealogy of the rulers of the Khuman dynasty, which flourished as an independent principality in the south of Ancient Manipur, and later absorbed into the Meitei ethnicity in the fourteenth century AD.

It is categorized as one of the historical documents of the ethnic groups settling in Manipur since seventh century AD.

Meitei people
The Meitei people, also known as Meetei people, are a Tibeto-Burman ethnic group native to the Indian State of  Manipur. They form the largest and dominant ethnic group of Manipur in Northeast India. They speak the Meitei language (officially called Manipuri), one of the 22 official languages of the Republic of India and the sole official language of government of Manipur.
The Meiteis primarily settled in the Imphal Valley region in modern-day Manipur, though a sizeable population has settled in the other Indian states of Assam, Tripura, Nagaland, Meghalaya, and Mizoram. There is also a notable presence of Meiteis in the neighbouring countries of Myanmar and Bangladesh. The Meiteis represent about 53% of Manipur's population.
Stigmella splendidissimella
Stigmella splendidissimella is a moth of the family Nepticulidae. It is found from Scandinavia to Italy and from Ireland to the Crimea. It is not found in the Iberian Peninsula and the Balkan Peninsula.

The wingspan is 4–6 millimetres (0.16–0.24 in). The thick erect hairs on the head vertex are black. The collar is black. The antennal eyecaps are white. The forewings are dark coppery-purple-brown with a suffused brassy or green basal patch; a straight shining pale golden or shiny silver fascia beyond middle. The hindwings are grey. External image

The larvae feed on Agrimonia, Fragaria, Filipendula, Geum urbanum, Potentilla anserina, Rubus caesius, Rubus fruticosus and Rubus idaeus. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

Geum urbanum
Geum urbanum, also known as wood avens, herb Bennet, colewort, clove root and St. Benedict's herb (Latin: herba benedicta), is a perennial plant in the rose family (Rosaceae), which grows in shady places (such as woodland edges and near hedgerows) in the temperate regions of Eurasia and North America.
Laguta
Laguta, also transliterated Lahuta (Cyrillic: Лагута), is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Artem Laguta (born 1990), Russian motorcycle speedway rider, brother of Grigory

Grigory Laguta (born 1984), Russian-born Latvian motorcycle speedway rider

Hennadiy Lahuta (1974–2023), Ukrainian politician

Hennadii Lahuta
Hennadii Mykolaiovych Lahuta (Ukrainian: Геннадій Миколайович Лагута; 10 August 1974 – 17 September 2023) was a Ukrainian politician who served as the governor of Kherson Oblast from 26 October 2021 to 9 July 2022. Lahuta was removed from office by the Russian military on 26 April 2022 during the Russian occupation of Kherson Oblast. He was removed from office by President Volodymyr Zelenskyy on 9 July. He was a member of the We Have to Live Here party headed by the mayor of Kherson Ihor Kolykhaiev.
Unqua station
Unqua was a Long Island Rail Road station located along the Montauk Branch in East Massapequa, New York and first appeared on employee timetables around 1880 and listed as a flag stop station after. It was located between the Massapequa and Amityville stations just east of Unqua Creek, and served a Brooklyn Water Supply pumping station. It seemed to disappear from issued timetables around 1881 or 1882. Freight service at the station however, appears to have existed as late as 1893.

Massapequa station
Massapequa is a station along the Long Island Rail Road's Montauk Branch in Massapequa, New York, serving Babylon Branch trains. It is located on Sunrise Highway east of Broadway and NY 107 and parking lots are located far beyond its given location. Some off-peak and weekend Babylon Branch trains begin or end their runs at this station.
Mythos (Marvel Comics)
Mythos is a six-issue series of one-shot Marvel comic books written by Paul Jenkins and fully painted by Paolo Rivera. Each issue is based on the origin story of a particular character or group within Marvel's collective universe.

Jenkins remarked in several promotional interviews that the project was to be used to bridge the gap between the comics and more recent movie adaptations as a means of introducing the new readers with little knowledge of these characters comic histories.

One-shot (comics)
In comics, a one-shot is a work composed of a single standalone issue or chapter, contrasting a limited series or ongoing series, which are composed of multiple issues or chapters. One-shots date back to the early 19th century, published in newspapers, and today may be in the form of single published comic books, parts of comic magazines/anthologies or published online on websites. In the marketing industry, some one-shots are used as promotion tools that tie in with existing productions, films, video games or television shows.
Usha (Telugu singer)
Usha (born 29 May 1980) is an Indian singer who works predominantly in Telugu. She has sung in Kannada and Tamil also. In a career spanning about 10 years, she has established herself as one of the leading playback singers in the Telugu film industry and has worked with many major music directors.

Gemini TV
Gemini TV is an Indian Telugu language general entertainment pay television channel owned by Sun TV Network. It is the first satellite TV channel in Telugu. It was launched on 9 February 1995 by the Gemini Group of Hyderabad (run by Akkineni Manohar Prasad, grandson of L. V. Prasad), in association with Sun TV Network. In 1996–97, Sun TV Network acquired a controlling interest in the channel. The channel's programming consists of serials, films, film-based programs and game shows alongside some reality shows. Gemini TV HD was launched on 11 December 2011.
Chastye, Chastinsky District, Perm Krai
Chastye (Russian: Частые) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Chastinsky District of Perm Krai, Russia, located on the banks of the Votkinsk Reservoir. Population:  4,859 (2010 Census); 5,032 (2002 Census); 4,556 (1989 Soviet census).

Votkinsk Reservoir
Votkinsk Reservoir is a reservoir formed by the dam of the Votkinsk Hydroelectric Station on the Kama River in Perm Krai, Russia. Besides electricity generation, the reservoir also facilitates navigation and water supply. The town of Chaikovsky is located on the reservoir.
Arne L. Kalleberg
Arne Lindeman Kalleberg (born February 9, 1949) is a Norwegian social scientist, serving as the Kenan Distinguished Professor of Sociology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and a Faculty Fellow at the Carolina Population Center. He is also an adjunct professor in the Kenan-Flagler Business School, the Department of Public Policy, and the Curriculum in Global Studies. Kalleberg served as the secretary of the American Sociological Association from 2001 to 2004 and as its president from 2007 to 2008. He has been the editor-in-chief of Social Forces, an international journal of social research for over ten years. He was elected a fellow of the National Academy of Sciences in 2024.

American Behavioral Scientist
American Behavioral Scientist is a peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes papers in the fields of social and behavioral sciences. The managing editor is Laura Lawrie. It was established in 1957 by Alfred de Grazia and is currently published by SAGE Publications, who acquired the journal from de Grazia.
Cornafean GAA
Cornafean is a Gaelic Athletic Association club based in the rural parishes of Killeshandra and Kilmore, in County Cavan, Ireland. The club plays Gaelic Football and competes in Cavan GAA competitions. Cornafean is the most successful club in Cavan, having won 20 Cavan Senior Football Championships. The club produced some of the best players in the 'Golden Era' of the Cavan team. The club's last championship title at adult level was in 2016 when they won the 2016 Cavan Junior Championship title.

Killeshandra
Killeshandra or Killashandra (Irish: Cill na Seanrátha, meaning 'church of the old rath or ring-fort') is a small town or village and civil parish in County Cavan, Ireland. It is located 20 kilometres (12 mi) west of Cavan Town. Killeshandra town has a long record of participation in the National Tidy Towns competition and has won several awards.
Un Encuentro
Un Encuentro is an album by Gibraltarian Flamenco metal quintet Breed 77. It was released exclusively as a digital download on iTunes through J. Albert Productions in early 2007, to coincide with the launch of "iTunes Latino". It features 11 songs, all from previous albums, but all sung in Spanish.

"Un Encuentro" was released as a physical CD album on 2007-05-07.

Albert Productions
Albert Productions, a division of music publishing and recording company Albert Music, is one of Australia's longest established independent record labels to specialise in rock and roll music. The label was founded in 1963 by Ted Albert, whose family owned and operated the Sydney music publishing house J. Albert & Son.
Mike Nelms
Michael Craig Nelms (born April 8, 1955) is an American former professional football player who was a defensive back and kick returner in the National Football League (NFL) for five seasons with the Washington Redskins from 1980 to 1984. Before his NFL career, Nelms played in the Canadian Football League (CFL). He played college football for the Baylor Bears.

Return specialist
A return specialist, subcategorized as kick or punt returners, is a player on the special teams unit of a gridiron football team who specializes in returning kickoffs and punts. There are few players who are exclusively return specialists; most also play another position such as wide receiver, cornerback, or running back. The special teams counterpart of a return specialist is a kicking specialist.

According to All-American Venric Mark, "Returning punts is harder. You have to judge the ball more, you have to know when to fair catch and when not to. You can't be a superhero and try to catch everything. With kickoff returns, you catch the ball and—boom—you're going."
Tunip
Tunip (probably modern Tell 'Acharneh) was a city-state along the Orontes River in western Syria in the Bronze Age. It was large enough to be an urban center, but too small to be a dominant regional power. It was under the influence of various factions like the Mitanni, Egyptians, and Hittites.

Aziru
Aziru (Akkadian: ma-zi-ra) was the Canaanite ruler of Amurru, modern Lebanon, in the 14th century BC. He was the son of Abdi-Ashirta, the previous Egyptian vassal of Amurru and a direct contemporary of Akhenaten.
Time in North Korea
Time in North Korea, called Pyongyang Time (PYT; Korean: 평양시간) or Standard Time of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (조선민주주의인민공화국 표준시간; 朝鮮民主主義人民共和國標準時間), is since May 2018 equal to Korea Standard Time: 9 hours ahead of UTC (UTC+09:00). Like South Korea, North Korea does not currently observe daylight saving time. Time keeping in North Korea is under the State Commission for Science and Technology.

Daylight saving time
Daylight saving time (DST), also referred to as daylight savings time, daylight time (United States and Canada), or summer time (United Kingdom, European Union, and others), is the practice of advancing clocks to make better use of the longer daylight available during summer so that darkness falls at a later clock time. The typical implementation of DST is to adjust clocks ahead of standard time by one hour in spring or late winter, and to set clocks back by one hour in the autumn (or fall in North American English, hence the mnemonic: "spring forward and fall back").

In many countries, the part of the year when DST is observed is much longer than the part aligned to standard time. The practice of DST was first tested in the early 20th century. Many countries, such as Russia and Mexico, have abandoned DST entirely.
Puntland Intelligence Security Agency
The Puntland Intelligence Security  Agency (Somali: Hay’ada Sirdoonka iyo Nabadsugidda Puntland, Arabic: وكالة الاستخبارات والامن في بونتلاند) is an Intelligence and Security Agency based in capital Garoowe, Puntland. It was officially established in 2001 as Puntland Intelligence Service during the rule of President Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed, with assistance from the United States. The agency operates throughout Somalia, but principally in the autonomous Puntland region, where it serves as the main intelligence and counter-terrorism wing of the Puntland Security Force.

The agency took the name Puntland Intelligence Agency in 2010 after undergoing extensive reform to streamline it to work side by side with other government agencies across Somalia. These reforms were instituted by former Puntland President Abdirahman Farole. Then the agency took another name in 2019 was Puntland Intelligency Security Agency (PISA).

Abdirahman Farole
Abdirahman Mohamed Mohamoud Farole (Somali: Cabdiraxmaan Maxamed Maxamuud Faroole; Arabic: عبدالرحمن محمد محمود فارولي; born 1945) is a Somali politician. He served for many years in the government, acting as a governor of the Nugal region of Somalia in the 1990s and later as the Minister of Finance of the autonomous Puntland region in the northeast. From 8 January 2009 to 8 January 2014, Farole was also the President of Puntland. Farole's multipronged efforts at creating provisions and collaboration with international policies and organizations resulted in a drastic decrease in piracy along the Marinka Gardafuul (Guardafui Channel).