hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Heteroscypha
Heteroscypha is a genus of fungi in the order Auriculariales. Species form cup-shaped, cyphelloid basidiocarps (fruit bodies) with basidia that are wholly or partly septate. They are presumed to be saprotrophic, growing on dead wood. Originally described in the Tremellales, the genus was placed in its own family, the Heteroscyphaceae, by Jülich and included within the Auriculariales by Wells. Further research is required to determine its true disposition.

Basidium
A basidium (pl.: basidia) is a microscopic spore-producing structure found on the hymenophore of reproductive bodies of basidiomycete fungi. The presence of basidia is one of the main characteristic features of the group. These bodies are also called tertiary mycelia, which are highly coiled versions of secondary mycelia. A basidium usually bears four sexual spores called basidiospores. Occasionally the number may be two or even eight. Each reproductive spore is produced at the tip of a narrow prong or horn called a sterigma (pl. sterigmata), and is forcefully expelled at full growth.

The word basidium literally means "little pedestal". This is the way the basidium supports the spores. However, some biologists suggest that the structure looks more like a club. A partially grown basidium is known as a basidiole.
Warm & Wonderful
Warm & Wonderful Knitwear is a British fashion brand specialising in knitwear. Founded by Joanna Osborne and Sally Muir in 1979, the label is best known for its "black sheep" sweater, famously worn by Diana, Princess of Wales. In 2023, a Warm & Wonderful jumper worn by Diana became the most valuable sweater in history.

Knitted fabric
Knitted fabric is a textile that results from knitting, the process of inter-looping of yarns or inter-meshing of loops. Its properties are distinct from woven fabric in that it is more flexible and can be more readily constructed into smaller pieces, making it ideal for socks and hats.
North Dumpling Island
North Dumpling Island is a two-acre (8,100 m2) island in Fishers Island Sound of Long Island Sound, one mi (1.6 km) off the coast of Connecticut, south of Groton, within the territory of the town of Southold on Long Island in New York State. The island is about 0.3 nmi (560 m) north of South Dumpling Island, and is home to the North Dumpling Light, which dates from 1859. The island is privately owned by Dean Kamen, inventor of the Segway.

Groton, Connecticut
Groton (/ˈɡrɒtən/ GRAH-tən) is a town in New London County, Connecticut, located on the Thames River. It is the home of General Dynamics Electric Boat, which is the major contractor for submarine work for the United States Navy. The Naval Submarine Base New London is located in Groton, and the pharmaceutical company Pfizer is also a major employer. Avery Point in Groton is home to a regional campus of the University of Connecticut. The town is part of the Southeastern Connecticut Planning Region. The population was 38,411 at the 2020 census.
Charles Henry Poor
Rear Admiral Charles Henry Poor (June 11, 1808 – November 5, 1882) was a U.S. Navy officer of the mid-19th century.

Born in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in 1808, Poor entered the Navy in 1825 and served nearly 30 years at sea. During the Civil War, he commanded the Brooklyn, Roanoke, St. Louis, and Saranac. He was promoted to rear admiral in 1868 and commanded the North Atlantic Squadron. Poor retired in 1870 from that post.

Poor married Mattie Lindsay Stark, daughter of Dr. Robert B. Stark. His daughters Elizabeth Lindsey Poor and Annie Cunnigham Poor married rear admiral Theodore Frelinghuysen Jewell (on June 15, 1871) and philanthropist Charles Carroll Glover, respectively. Poor died on November 5, 1882, in Washington, D.C. He was interred at Oak Hill Cemetery in Washington, D.C.

USS Saranac (1848)
USS Saranac was a sloop-of-war of the United States Navy. The ship laid down in 1847 during the Mexican–American War; however, by the time she completed sea trials, the war was over. She was commissioned in 1850 and saw service protecting American interests in the Atlantic Ocean as well as the Pacific Ocean.

When the American Civil War broke out, Saranac patrolled America's West Coast.  Retained by the Navy post-war, she continued in service until wrecked on Vancouver Island, British Columbia in 1875.
Northern Kanto proportional representation block
The Northern Kanto proportional representation block (北関東比例ブロック, Kita Kantō hokubu hirei burokku) is one of eleven proportional representation (PR) blocks for the House of Representatives in the Diet of Japan. It consists of the northern part of the Kanto region, and consists of the prefectures of Gunma, Tochigi, Saitama and Ibaraki. Proportional voting blocks were first introduced in the 1996 General Election. The block elects 19 members to the House of Representatives.

Kantō region
The Kantō region (関東地方, Kantō Chihō; IPA: [kaꜜn.toː, kan.toː tɕiꜜ.hoː, kan.toː tɕi̥.hoꜜː]) is a geographical region of Honshu, the largest island of Japan. In a common definition, the region includes the Greater Tokyo Area and encompasses seven prefectures: Chiba, Gunma, Ibaraki, Kanagawa, Saitama, Tochigi, and Tokyo. Slightly more than 45 percent of the land area within its boundaries is the Kantō Plain. The rest consists of the hills and mountains that form land borders with other regions of Japan.

As the Kantō region contains Tokyo, the capital and largest city of Japan, the region is considered the center of Japan's politics and economy. According to the official census on October 1, 2010, by the Statistics Bureau of Japan, the population was 42,607,376, amounting to approximately one third of the total population of Japan.
Speedball (drug)
Speedball, powerball, or over and under is the polydrug mixture of a stimulant with a depressant, usually an opioid. The most well-known mixture used for recreational drug use is that of cocaine and heroin; however, methamphetamine mixed with morphine and/or fentanyl has also been used. A speedball may be taken intravenously or by nasal insufflation.

Speedballs often give stronger effects than either drug when taken alone due to drug synergy, but are a particularly hazardous mixture that can easily cause heart attack, respiratory arrest and death. When compared to single drugs, speedballs are more likely to lead to addiction, relapse and overdose.

Insufflation (medicine)
Insufflation (Latin: insufflare, lit. 'to blow into') is the act of blowing something (such as a gas, powder, or vapor) into a body cavity. Insufflation has many medical uses, most notably as a route of administration for various drugs.
Battle of Lipitsa
The Battle of Lipitsa (Russian: Ли́пицкая би́тва) was the decisive battle in the Vladimir-Suzdal war of succession (1212–1216), the struggle over the grand princely throne of Vladimir following the death of Vsevolod the Big Nest. In the battle, fought on 22 April 1216, the forces of Mstislav the Bold and Konstantin Vsevolodovich defeated those of Konstantin's younger brothers Yuri Vsevolodovich and Yaroslav Vsevolodovich. Konstantin took the throne of Vladimir and reigned as grand prince until his death two years later.

War of succession
A war of succession is prompted by a succession crisis in which two or more individuals claim to be the rightful successor to a deceased or deposed monarch. The rivals are typically supported by factions within the royal court. Foreign powers sometimes intervene, allying themselves with a faction. This may widen the war into one between those powers.

Wars of succession were some of the most prevalent types of wars by cause throughout human history, but the replacement of absolute monarchies by an international order based on democracy with constitutional monarchies or republics ended almost all such wars by 1900.
Sea Sorrow
Sea Sorrow is a 2017 British documentary film about child refugees in the European migrant crisis, directed by Vanessa Redgrave. It was shown in the Special Screenings section at the 2017 Cannes Film Festival. On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 67% based on 12 reviews, with an average rating of 5.4/10.

2017 Cannes Film Festival
The 70th Cannes Film Festival took place from 17 to 28 May 2017, in Cannes, France. Spanish filmmaker Pedro Almodóvar was the president of the jury for the main competition. Italian actress Monica Bellucci hosted the opening and closing ceremonies. Swedish filmmaker Ruben Östlund won the Palme d'Or, the festival's top prize, for his comedy-drama film The Square.

The festival celebrated its 70th edition with a special anniversary section featuring some of the new works from well established filmmakers. The official poster of the festival featured Italian actress Claudia Cardinale. The actress responded: "'I am honored and proud to be flying the flag for the 70th Festival de Cannes, and delighted with this choice of photo. It's the image I myself have of the Festival, of an event that illuminates everything around ... Happy anniversary!"

The festival opened with Ismael's Ghosts by Arnaud Desplechin, and closed with The Square.
Hukmdev Narayan Yadav
Hukmdev Narayan Yadav (born 17 November 1939) is a politician from Bihar, who has been Union Minister for Textiles, whilst also serving as a Union Minister of State and long-serving influential member of the Lok Sabha. He is the recipient of Padma Bhushan India's third highest civilian award. He represented the Madhubani constituency of Bihar in 1977, 1999, 2009, 2014 and 1989 from Sitamarhi Lok Sabha constituency. He was with the Samyukta Socialist Party in 1960s and various faces of Janata Dal and its off-shoots in 1980s, before he joined the Bharatiya Janata Party. Yadav is known for his fiery speeches in the parliament. In August 2018, Yadav was recipient of Outstanding Parliamentarian Award for the period of 2014-2017 and was felicitated at an event at the central hall of Parliament. Yadav is also the father of politician Ashok Kumar Yadav, a Bharatiya Janata Party MP in the Lok Sabha.

Outstanding Parliamentarian Award
The Outstanding Parliamentarian Award is an award given by the Indian Parliamentary Group to an outstanding sitting Member of the Indian Parliament  for overall contribution in the Indian Parliament. It was instituted in 1995 by Shivraj Patil, who was the Speaker of Lok Sabha from 1991 to 1996.
Nicholas Tavelic
Nicholas Tavelic, O.F.M. (Croatian: Nikola Tavelić), was a Croatian Friar Minor, priest and missionary who was the leader of a group of friars who died a martyr's death in Jerusalem on November 14, 1391. He was beatified along with his companions, who included friars from Italy and France. All four members of his group have since been declared saints by the Catholic Church, making Tavelic the first canonized Croatian saint.

Friar
A friar is a member of one of the mendicant orders in the Catholic Church. There are also friars outside of the Catholic Church, such as within the Evangelical-Lutheran Churches and Anglican Communion. The term, first used in the 12th or 13th century, distinguishes the mendicants' itinerant apostolic character, exercised broadly under the jurisdiction of a superior general, from the older monastic orders' allegiance to a single monastery formalized by their vow of stability. A friar may be in holy orders or be a non-ordained brother. The most significant orders of friars are the Dominicans, Franciscans, Augustinians, and Carmelites.
Stingray Loud
Stingray Loud  is a Canadian English language discretionary specialty channel owned by Stingray Digital. The channel broadcasts music videos relating to rock, modern rock, alternative, punk, and heavy metal.

The channel was launched on September 7, 2001 as MuchLoud by CHUM Limited, the parent company of Citytv and it was a rock music spin-off of MuchMusic, based on its former TV series Loud (Power 30), which served as the daily hard rock and metal video show aired on that channel.

Through multiple ownership changes, MuchLoud and its sister channels were sold to Stingray Digital in 2016 and adopted its current name that year.

Modern rock
Modern rock is an umbrella term used to describe rock music that is found on college and commercial rock radio stations. Some radio stations use this term to distinguish themselves from classic rock, which is based in 1960s–1980s rock music.
EVE/ZeBu
EVE/ZeBu is a provider of hardware-assisted verification tools for functional verification of application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) and system on chip (SOC) designs and for validation of embedded software (software driver, operating system and application software) ahead of implementation in silicon.

EVE's hardware acceleration and hardware emulation products work in conjunction with Verilog, SystemVerilog, and VHDL-based simulators from Synopsys, Cadence Design Systems and Mentor Graphics. EVE's flagship product is ZeBu.

Verilog
Verilog, standardized as IEEE 1364, is a hardware description language (HDL) used to model electronic systems. It is most commonly used in the design and verification of digital circuits, with the highest level of abstraction being at the register-transfer level. It is also used in the verification of analog circuits and mixed-signal circuits, as well as in the design of genetic circuits.

In 2009, the Verilog standard (IEEE 1364-2005) was merged into the SystemVerilog standard, creating IEEE Standard 1800-2009. Since then, Verilog has been officially part of the SystemVerilog language. The current version is IEEE standard 1800-2023.
Arthur Gnahoua
Arthur Bertrand Gnahoua (born 18 September 1992) is a French footballer who plays as a winger or centre-forward for Southport.

He has previously played in the Football League for Bolton Wanderers, Shrewsbury Town, Carlisle United, Macclesfield Town, Morecambe and Grimsby Town, as well as at non-League level for Stalybridge Celtic, Colwyn Bay, Kidderminster Harriers and AFC Fylde. He also spent a season playing in Spain with CF Gavà.

Colwyn Bay F.C.
Colwyn Bay Football Club (Welsh: Clwb Pêl-Droed Bae Colwyn) is a football club based in Old Colwyn in North Wales. They are currently members of the Cymru Premier. Nicknamed the Seagulls, but also known as 'The Bay', their home ground is Llanelian Road in Old Colwyn.
Listed buildings in Stockton Heath
Stockton Heath is a civil parish located to the south of Warrington, Cheshire, England. It was formerly a separate village but, with the growth of the town, it is now a suburb of Warrington. It stands at the crossroads of the A49 and the A56 roads, and is traversed by the Bridgewater and the Manchester Ship Canals. Stockton Heath contains 12 buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England as designated listed buildings, all of which are listed at Grade II. This grade is the lowest of the three gradings given to listed buildings and is applied to "buildings of national importance and special interest".

A56 road
The A56 is a road in England which extends between the city of Chester in Cheshire and the village of Broughton in North Yorkshire. The road contains a mixture of single and dual carriageway sections, and traverses environments as diverse as the dense urban sprawl of inner city Manchester and the lightly populated region of rural east Lancashire. The road includes a short section of trunk road between the end of the M66 motorway near Ramsbottom and the M65 motorway west of Burnley.
2003 Solomon Islands National Club Championship
The 2003 Solomon Islands National Club Championship was the 1st season of the National Club Championship in the Solomon Islands. Central Realas FC won the inaugural league. All matches were played at the hillside ground called Lawson Tama Stadium, with an approximate capacity of 20,000.

Lawson Tama Stadium
Lawson Tama Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Honiara, Solomon Islands. It is used mostly for football matches. The stadium is unique as the stand is built into the hillside so there is no official capacity but no more than 20,000 would fit the surrounding grassland. The stadium hosted the 2012 OFC Nations Cup and inaugural Mini South Pacific Games in July 1981.
Oleg Fatun
Oleg Nikolayevich Fatun (Russian: Олег Николаевич Фатун; born 11 November 1959) is a Russian former track and field sprinter. He won bronze medals in the 4×100 metres relay at the Goodwill Games in 1990 and 1994. He also represented Russia at the 1993 World Championships in Athletics and 1994 European Athletics Championships, as well as having represented the Soviet Union at the 1990 European Athletics Championships.

Along with his teammates, he set the Russian records in the 4×100 metres relay, 4×200 metres relay and indoor 4×200 metres relay which are still unbeaten (as of 2015).

1990 European Athletics Championships
The 15th European Athletics Championships were held from 26 August to 2 September 1990 in Split, Croatia, SFR Yugoslavia. The host stadium was Stadion Poljud.

It was the last participation of East Germany (which was already scheduled to be merged with the Federal Republic), the Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia,  and SFR Yugoslavia.
2024 GT World Challenge Asia
The 2024 Fanatec GT World Challenge Asia Powered by AWS was the sixth season of the GT World Challenge Asia, an auto racing series for grand tourer cars in Asia, co-promoted by the SRO Motorsports Group and Team Asia One GT Management. The races are contested with GT3-spec cars only, as the GT4 class was dropped from the series and moved to the Japan Cup Series. The season began on 20 April at the Sepang International Circuit in Malaysia and is scheduled to end on 15 September at Shanghai International Circuit in China.

Starting from this season, the Japan Cup Series is separated from the main GTWCA race, and would run as a stand alone race.

SRO Motorsports Group
SRO Motorsports Group (formerly the Stéphane Ratel Organisation) is an international sporting organisation best known for promoting and running a variety of racing events and series, including the CrowdStrike 24 Hours of Spa, Intercontinental GT Challenge and Fanatec GT World Challenge Europe.

The company was founded in 1995 by Stéphane Ratel and is now considered the global leader in GT racing. SRO also organises the multi-disciplinary FIA Motorsport Games, as well as e-sports events and touring car categories. As of 2020 it keeps offices in London, Paris, Liège and Hong Kong, while Ratel continues to act as CEO.
Ure2p
Ure2p is a yeast protein that represses transcription of genes involved in nitrogen catabolism. It specifically regulates the utilization of poor nitrogen sources in the presence of preferred nutrients such as ammonia or glutamine. Ure2p is one of the few yeast proteins that are known to be prions. At low frequency the protein adopts an alternative conformation that is auto-catalytic and self-propagating. Yeast cells that carry the protein in the prion conformation are designated as [URE3].  Autocatalytic conversion of Ure2p into the inactive prion form of the protein results in a loss of repression of nitrogen catabolic genes.

Autocatalysis
A chemical reaction is autocatalytic if one of the reaction products is also a catalyst for the same reaction. Many forms of autocatalysis are recognized.

A set of chemical reactions can be said to be "collectively autocatalytic" if a number of those reactions produce, as reaction products, catalysts for enough of the other reactions that the entire set of chemical reactions is self-sustaining given an input of energy and food molecules (see autocatalytic set).
Cat training
Cat training is the process of modifying a domestic cat's behavior for entertainment or companionship purposes. Training is commonly used to reduce unwanted or problematic behaviors in domestic cats, to enhance interactions between humans and pet cats, and to allow them to coexist comfortably. There are various methods for training cats which employ different balances between reward and punishment.

Behavior
Behavior (American English) or behaviour (British English) is the range of actions of organisms, individuals, systems or artificial entities in some environment. These systems can include other systems or organisms as well as the inanimate physical environment. It is the computed response of the system or organism to various stimuli or inputs, whether internal or external, conscious or subconscious, overt or covert, and voluntary or involuntary. While some behavior is produced in response to an organism's environment (extrinsic motivation), behavior can also be the product of intrinsic motivation, also referred to as "agency" or "free will".

Taking a behavior informatics perspective, a behavior consists of actor, operation, interactions, and their properties. This can be represented as a behavior vector.
Charles Hall (Lincoln MP)
Charles Hall (1690–1743), of Kettlethorpe, Lincolnshire, was a British Tory politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1727 to 1734.

Hall was baptized on 6 May 1690, the only son of Thomas Hall of Kettlethorpe and his wife  Amy Mildmay, daughter of Henry Mildmay of Graces, Essex. She was previously married to Vincent Amcotts of Harrington, Lincolnshire. He succeeded his father in 1698 and, after he came of age,  built the present house at Kettlethorpe Hall in the early 1700s.

Hall  was returned in a contest  as a Tory Member of Parliament for Lincoln at the  1727 British general election. He voted consistently against the Administration. He did not stand in the  1734 British general election but supported his kinsman, Coningsby Sibthorp instead.

Hall died   unmarried on  21 August 1743, leaving all his Lincolnshire estates to his nephew Charles Amcotts.

1734 British general election
The 1734 British general election returned members to serve in the House of Commons of the 8th Parliament of Great Britain to be summoned, after the merger of the Parliament of England and the Parliament of Scotland in 1707. Robert Walpole's increasingly unpopular Whig government lost ground to the Tories and the opposition Whigs, but still had a secure majority in the House of Commons. The Patriot Whigs under William Pulteney were joined in opposition by a group of Whig members led by Lord Cobham. They were known as the Cobhamites, or 'Cobham's Cubs'.
BookArmy
BookArmy was a social networking website and book recommendation tool for readers, owned by HarperCollins. BookArmy was launched in February 2009, and closed in December 2010.

After being in private beta for some months the site went live in February 2009, though remained in its beta phase. BookArmy was owned by HarperCollins UK and Fleming Media. BookArmy carried every English language book with an ISBN, and featured pages for around six million books and authors. Site users could discuss and review titles, record their own personal book collection and create reading lists. All data was collected from Nielsen.

On 25 March 2009, BookArmy launched its video channel. BookArmy closed on 21 December 2010 citing "strong competition from similar sites and fewer advertising opportunities".

Nielsen Holdings
Nielsen Holdings plc (or simply Nielsen) is an American media audience measurement firm. Nielsen operates in over 100 countries and employs approximately 15,000 people worldwide.

For most of its history, the company was known for its two subsidiaries, Nielsen Media Research, which was responsible for TV ratings, and AC Nielsen, which was responsible for consumer shopping trends and box-office data. Nielsen Media Research later evolved into Global Media division and the AC Nielsen later evolved into Global Connect division. The company later decided to retain its Global Media division and divested the Global Connect division (NielsenIQ, the former AC Nielsen) to private equity firm Advent International in March 2021.

The company was listed on the New York Stock Exchange and used to be a component of the S&P 500.