hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Invest In Our New York Act
The Invest In Our New York Act was a proposed New York State legislative package of six bills introduced in February 2021. The bills were to increase the personal income tax rate, impose an unearned income surcharge on capital gains, and raise the corporate tax rate. They did not pass in the 2021-2022 NYS budget.

The legislation was backed by a coalition of over 100 different unions, community groups, and grassroots organizations, including the Democratic Socialists of America.

According to a report by the coalition, the new tax code could raise as much as $12 billion to $18 billion.  Supporters  said that the increased revenue would be spent on jobs, housing, public education, and healthcare. The coalition believed the money would aid the recovery of the state of New York from the economic crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, help close budget deficits, and rebuild New York's budget.

Unearned income
Unearned income is a term coined by Henry George to refer to the income gained through the ownership of land and other forms of monopoly. Today the term often refers to income received by virtue of owning property (known as property income), inheritance, pensions and payments received from public welfare. The three major forms of unearned income based on property ownership are rent, received from the ownership of natural resources; interest, received by virtue of owning financial assets; and profit, received from the ownership of capital equipment. As such, unearned income is often categorized as "passive income".

Unearned income can be discussed from either an economic or accounting perspective, but is more commonly used in economics.
2018 Gibraltar Darts Trophy
The 2018 Gibraltar Darts Trophy was the seventh of thirteen PDC European Tour events on the 2018 PDC Pro Tour. The tournament took place at Victoria Stadium, Gibraltar from 8–10 June 2018. It featured a field of 48 players and £135,000 in prize money, with £25,000 going to the winner.

Michael Smith was the defending champion after defeating Mensur Suljović 6–4 in the 2017 final, but he lost 6–5 to Jermaine Wattimena in the second round.

Michael van Gerwen won the title for a third time by defeating Adrian Lewis 8–3 in the final.

Michael Smith (darts player)
Michael Colin Smith (born 18 September 1990) is an English professional darts player. Nicknamed "Bully Boy", he competes in Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) events, where he is ranked world number thirty-two; he was ranked world number one during the 2023 season. He is a former PDC World Champion, having won the 2023 World Championship after hitting a nine-dart finish in the final. He won his first PDC major title at the 2022 Grand Slam after previously finishing as the runner-up in eight major singles finals, including the World Championship in 2019 and 2022.

He won the World Cup of Darts for England in 2024, partnering Luke Humphries. He has won a total of 26 PDC titles in his professional career, including three World Series of Darts titles and six European Tour titles.

In his youth career, Smith won the 2013 PDC World Youth Championship and five Youth Tour titles.
Kaikohe-Bay of Islands volcanic field
The recently active basaltic Kaikohe-Bay of Islands volcanic field in the Northland region of New Zealand is associated geographically with an older region of extinct volcanism to its north the Wairakau Volcanic Centre, meaning eruptions in this region have occurred over the last 20 million years. All the cones older than 2 million years have eroded away, leaving plateaus from Ōkaihau to Kerikeri and north to Whangaroa from the old andesite/dacite stratovolcanoes of the Wairakau Volcanic Centre and the ten million year old or more recent volcanoes in field towards the south. In the southern part of the field, around 12 small basaltic scoria cones, and a rhyolite dome erupted in the last 500,000 years around Kaikohe. The field is considered dormant, rather than extinct.

Dacite
Dacite (/ˈdeɪsaɪt/) is a volcanic rock formed by rapid solidification of lava that is high in silica and low in alkali metal oxides. It has a fine-grained (aphanitic) to porphyritic texture and is intermediate in composition between andesite and rhyolite. It is composed predominantly of plagioclase feldspar and quartz.

Dacite is relatively common, occurring in many tectonic settings. It is associated with andesite and rhyolite as part of the subalkaline tholeiitic and calc-alkaline magma series.
Centro Nacional de Aceleradores
The Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (CNA) is the centre for particle accelerators in Spain and is based in Seville. It was created in 1997.

It combines the efforts of the University of Seville, the Regional Government of Andalusia and the Spanish Higher Council for Scientific Research. It is located in the Cartuja 93 Science and Technology Park.

It has three different types of ion accelerators (3MV Van de Graaf Tandem, Cyclotron which provides 18 MeV protons and 9 MeV deuterons and a 1 MV Cockcroft-Walton Tandem as a mass spectrometer) for studies in various fields. In addition, they feature a PET/CT scanner for people, new Carbon 14 dating systems (the MiCaDaS) and a 60CO.2 irradiator.

Regional Government of Andalusia
The Regional Government of Andalusia (Spanish: Junta de Andalucía) is the government of the Autonomous Community of Andalusia. It consists of the Parliament, the President of the Regional Government and the Government Council. The 2011 budget was 31.7 billion euros. It employs about 500,000 workers.
McIlwaine
McIlwaine is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ellen McIlwaine (1945–2021), American singer-songwriter and musician

Garry McIlwaine (born 1944), Australian politician

George Arthren McIlwaine (c. 1905–1930), South African rugby union player

Henry Read McIlwaine (1864–1934), American librarian

Johnny McIlwaine (1904–1980), Scottish footballer

Richard McIlwaine (born 1950), English cricketer

Richard McIlwaine (educator) (1835–1913), American theologian and college president

Robert McIlwaine (1924–2015), American lawyer and public official

Johnny McIlwaine
John Arkison McIlwaine (12 June 1904 – 24 April 1980) was a Scottish footballer who played as a centre half for Portsmouth, where he captained the team in the 1929 FA Cup Final, before moving to south coast rivals Southampton. He also played for Falkirk and Llanelly, whom he helped win the Welsh Football League championship in 1932–33.
Huỳnh Phương Đài Trang
Huỳnh Phương Đài Trang (born 1 August 1993) is a Vietnamese former tennis player.

Trang has career-high WTA rankings of 876 in singles, reached in April 2010, and 380 in doubles, achieved on 23 July 2012. In her career, she won three $10k doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit and reached another two $25k doubles finals.

Playing for Vietnam Fed Cup team, Trang has a win–loss record of 4–3.

She made her WTA Tour main-draw debut at the 2010 Malaysian Open, where she was given a wildcard into the doubles event with Jawairiah Noordin of Malaysia. The pair lost in the first round to Vitalia Diatchenko and Chanelle Scheepers, 4–6, 2–6.

Trang has participated for Vietnam at the Asian Games and the Southeast Asian Games. At the 2011 Southeast Asian Games she won two bronze medals, in the doubles and the team events.

Chanelle Scheepers
Chanelle Scheepers (/ʃəˈnɛl ˈskɛpərz/ shə-NEL SKEP-ərz; born 13 March 1984) is a retired South African tennis player.

She won one singles and one doubles title on the WTA Tour, as well as 12 singles and 20 doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit in her career. On 10 October 2011, she reached her best singles ranking of world No. 37. On 10 April 2014, she peaked at No. 42 in the doubles rankings.
Tony Award for Best Scenic Design in a Play
Tony Award for Best Scenic Design in a Play is an award for outstanding set design of a play. The award was first presented in 1960 after the category of Best Scenic Design was divided into Scenic Design in a Play and Scenic Design in a Musical with each genre receiving its own award.   Between 1962 and 2004, the award was re-combined to Best Scenic Design before being split again in 2005.

58th Tony Awards
The 58th Annual Tony Awards were held June 6, 2004 at Radio City Music Hall and broadcast on CBS television. Hugh Jackman was the host.

The Awards telecast won the Creative Arts Primetime Emmy for Outstanding Variety, Music or Comedy Special, and Jackman won the Primetime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Individual Performance in a Variety or Music Program.

Wicked had the most nominations of the ceremony with 10, winning three of them, tying with Avenue Q, which won Best Musical, while the revival of Assassins won the most awards of the night with five, including Best Revival of a Musical.
Richard Townley
Colonel Richard Townley (died 1711) was born in England probably at Astlam (Astleham) Manor in Littleton (formerly in Middlesex, today in Surrey). He was the eighth son of Nicholas Townley of Littleton and Joanne White.

He emigrated to Virginia in the suite of Lord Effingham, Governor of Virginia in 1683. He settled in the Elizabethtown, New Jersey area and married his 2nd wife, Elizabeth Carteret (née. Smith), widow of the first governor of New Jersey Philip Carteret in 1685.

Townley was one of the East New Jersey Provincial Council during the administration of deputy governor Lord Neill Campbell in 1686. In 1692 and 1697 he was a member of the New York Provincial Council but was accused by New York Governor Lord Bellomont of attending neither.

At the time of his death in April 1711, Richard Townley was Presiding Judge of the Court of Quarter Sessions for Essex County. He left two sons, Charles and Effingham.

Governor of Virginia
The governor of the Commonwealth of Virginia is the head of government of the Commonwealth of Virginia. The governor is head of the executive branch of the government of Virginia and is the commander-in-chief of the Virginia National Guard and Virginia Defense Force.

Three signatories of the Declaration of Independence served as governor of Virginia and three governors became president of the United States: Thomas Jefferson, James Monroe, and John Tyler.

The current officeholder is Abigail Spanberger, a member of the Democratic Party who took office on January 17, 2026. She is Virginia's first female governor.
Stef Bos
Steven "Stef" Bos (born 12 July 1961 in Veenendaal) is a Dutch singer who lives in Cape Town, South Africa. He sings in Dutch, and occasionally in Afrikaans, and has been successful in Belgium, the Netherlands and South Africa since his breakthrough single "Papa" (Daddy) came out in 1990.

Early in his career, Bos worked as a TV actor, playing the character Joop Mengelmoes in the children's TV show Samson en Gert.

He wrote Belgium's entry into the 1989 Eurovision Song Contest, "Door De Wind".

Stef recorded an album (Together as One) in 1993 on which he worked with the South African singers Johannes Kerkorrel and Thandi Klaasen.

Samson en Gert (TV series)
Samson & Gert is a Dutch-language Belgian children's television series produced by Eline van Noppen, centered on the talking dog Samson and his owner Gert. In its entire run, the show was originally aired on TV1 from Christmas Day 1989 until 1 December 1997, where it moved to Ketnet and continues airing all of its episodes to this day.
Belt-sander racing
Belt-sander racing is the practice of racing belt sanders competitively. Belt sanders may have been one of the first power tools used in the growing field of power tool drag racing wherein a pair of stock or modified belt sanders are placed in parallel wooden channels and fitted with long extension cords. Each heat begins when a common switch or individual switches triggered by the racers energizes them, causing the sanders to race towards the end of the track spitting wood dust along the way. Both stock sanders and modified sanders race down a 75-foot-long (23 m) track. Sanders of all shapes and sizes can go very fast, or very slow depending on the power of the motor. The fastest time on a 75-foot track was 2.2103 seconds recorded by Dudley Harper's Sudden Death Racer of San Marcos, Texas. Sudden Death raced on that date at the Legends Raceway in Rockport, Texas. The peak velocity of that belt sander at the finish line was in the range of 50–60 miles per hour (80–97 km/h).

San Marcos, Texas
San Marcos (/ˌsæn ˈmɑːrkəs/) is a city and the county seat of Hays County, Texas, United States. The city is a part of the Greater Austin Metropolitan Area. San Marcos's limits extend into Caldwell and Guadalupe counties, as well. San Marcos is on the Interstate 35 corridor between Austin and San Antonio. Its population was 44,894 at the 2010 census and 67,553 at the 2020 census.
Founded on the banks of the San Marcos River, the area is thought to be among the oldest continuously inhabited sites in the Americas. San Marcos is home to Texas State University and the Meadows Center for Water and the Environment.

In 2010, San Marcos was listed in Business Week's fourth annual survey of the "Best Places to Raise your Kids". In 2013 and 2014, the United States Census Bureau named it the fastest-growing city in the United States. In December 2013, it was named number nine on Business Insider's list of the "10 Most Exciting Small Cities In America".
Hilgard Mountain
Hilgard Mountain is a summit in Sevier County, Utah, in the United States. Its elevation is 11,538 feet (3,517 m) NAVD 88. The summit is in the Fishlake National Forest.

It was named for Julius Erasmus Hilgard, former superintendent of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey.

Sevier County, Utah
Sevier County (/sɛˈvɪər/ sə-VEER) is a county in Utah, United States. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 21,522. Its county seat and largest city is Richfield.

Pando, a clonal quaking aspen stand, that, according to some sources, is the oldest (80,000 years) and largest (106 acres, 13 million pounds) organism on Earth, is located in this county.
François Josephe Fettig
Abbé François Joseph Fettig (10 July 1824, Mothern near Wissembourg – 5 May 1906, Matzenheim)
was a French entomologist specialising in Lepidoptera and Coleoptera.

His collections are shared between Muséum national d'histoire naturelle (Coleoptera), Museum Colmar (Microlepidoptera and larvae, destroyed or badly damaged) and Zoological Museum, Strasbourg (Macrolepidoptera).

Unterlinden Museum
The Unterlinden Museum (French: Musée Unterlinden) is located in Colmar, in the Alsace region of France. The museum, housed in a 13th-century Dominican religious sisters' convent and a 1906 former public baths building, is home to the Isenheim Altarpiece by the German Renaissance painter Matthias Grünewald and features a large collection of local and international artworks and manufactured artifacts from prehistorical to contemporary times. It is a Musée de France. With roughly 200,000 visitors per year, the museum is the most visited in Alsace.
Aso-class patrol vessel
The Aso-class patrol vessel is a class of PL type patrol vessel of the Japan Coast Guard. PL stands for Patrol vessel Large, and the class is named after Mount Aso, the largest active volcano in Japan.

This class is one of the new patrol vessel classes to intercept spy boats of DPRK. These classes are called "高速高機能大型巡視船", High-speed, high-functionality patrol vessel, large. Having Bofors 40 mm L/70 autocannon with fire-control system, this class is safely able to deal with heavily armed spy boats of DPRK which intrude into Japanese waters. The hull of this class is bulletproof in case of close-range firefights.

In the back of the bridge's side, this class has display devices that can be used to instruct other ships to stop even at nighttime. And on the bridge superstructure, this class is equipped with the LIDAR system to acquire targets with high accuracy. At the same time, this system enables them to perform search and rescue missions more safely.

Japan Coast Guard
The Japan Coast Guard (Japanese: 海上保安庁, Hepburn: Kaijō Hoan-chō) is the coast guard responsible for the protection of the coastline of Japan under the oversight of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism. It consists of about 13,700 personnel. The Japan Coast Guard was founded in 1948 as the Maritime Safety Agency and received its current English name in 2000.

The motto of the Japan Coast Guard is "Righteous Benevolence" (正義仁愛, Seigi Jin'ai).
Decter
Decter is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Duke Decter (born 1970), American guitarist and entertainer

Ed Decter (born 1959), American film director

Midge Decter (1927–2022), American journalist and author

Moshe Decter (1921-2007), American Jewish activist

Shari Decter Hirst, Canadian politician

Shari Decter Hirst
Shari Decter Hirst is a Canadian politician, who was elected mayor of Brandon, Manitoba, in the 2010 municipal election and is the  first female mayor in Brandon City Council history. She was formally sworn into office on November 9, 2010. She was defeated by Rick Chrest in the 2014 municipal election. Decter Hirst previously ran as a New Democratic Party of Manitoba candidate in Brandon West in the 1990 provincial election, losing to incumbent MLA James McCrae.
David McKellop Hodge
David McKellop Hodge (1841–1920, Creek) was an attorney and interpreter for the Creek Nation, and was politically active. He became an orator and a leader on the Creek Nation Council at Muskogee, the capital.

Born in Choska, Creek Nation, Indian Territory (near present-day Coweta in present-day Wagoner County, Oklahoma). Son of a white man and a Creek woman, he was raised in the matrilineal Creek culture, learning both Creek and English languages. He became involved with Creek Nation politics, and was licensed to practice law in the Creek Nation; he was recorded as "David M. Hodge" on legal documentation. He was buried at Oaklawn Cemetery in Tulsa, Oklahoma.

Wagoner County, Oklahoma
Wagoner County is a county located in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of the 2020 census, the population was 80,981. Its county seat is Wagoner. Wagoner County is included in the Tulsa metropolitan area.
Mitsuko Tottori
Mitsuko Tottori  (鳥取 三津子, Tottori Mitsuko; born 31 December 1964) is a Japanese airline executive.

She was named representative director, President and Chief Executive Officer of Japan Airlines (JAL) in April 2024, becoming the first woman to lead the company.

Tottori began her career as a flight attendant. She joined Toa Domestic Airlines (TDA) in 1985 after graduating from Kwassui Women's Junior College. TDA (later JAS) was merged with JAL in 2001.

She is ranked number 5 on the 2024 Fortune Most Powerful Women Asia list.

Japan Airlines Domestic
Japan Air System (JAS), later known as Japan Airlines Domestic from 2004, was the smallest of the big three Japanese airlines. In contrast to the other two, JAL and ANA, JAS' international route network was very small, but its domestic network incorporated many smaller airports that were not served by the two larger airlines. As an independent company, it was last headquartered in the JAS M1 Building at Haneda Airport in Ōta, Tokyo. It has since merged with Japan Airlines.

JAS was famous for its variety of aircraft liveries; Amy Chavez of The Japan Times described the rainbow liveries as "abstract." Many of its color schemes in the 1990s were designed by film director Akira Kurosawa.

The airline's slogan was "Good Speed Always".
Anson P. K. Safford
Anson Pacely Killen Safford (c. February 14, 1830 – December 15, 1891) was the third Governor of Arizona Territory. He was also a member of the California State Assembly from 1857–1858. Affectionately known as the "Little Governor" due to his 5-foot-6-inch (1.68 m) stature, he was also Arizona's longest-serving territorial governor. His work to create a public education system earned him the name "Father of the Arizona Public Schools".  Safford is additionally known for granting himself a divorce.

Arizona Territory
The Territory of Arizona, commonly known as the Arizona Territory, was a territory of the United States that existed from February 24, 1863, until February 14, 1912, when the remaining extent of the territory was admitted to the Union as the state of Arizona. It was created from the western half of the New Mexico Territory during the American Civil War.
2018–19 Linafoot
The 2018–19 Linafoot was the 58th season of the Linafoot, the top-tier football league in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, since its establishment in 1958. The season started on 23 September 2018.

Linafoot
The Illicocash Ligue 1 is the top division of the Congolese Association Football Federation, the governing body of football in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It was created in 1958.

In 2010 the competition was renamed the Vodacom Super League following the signing of a five-year sponsorship deal with communications company Vodacom.

In 2013, the highest Linafoot attendance was set in a match between AS Vita Club and DC Motema Pembe, which saw an attendance of 80,000 at the Stade des Martyrs. In 2025, the derby took place at the Stade Tata Raphaël in front of a crowd of 40,000.

As of 2025, TP Mazembe is the most successful Linafoot club with 20 titles, followed by AS Vita Club with 15 titles and DC Motema Pembe with 12 titles.
Thomas Lydiat
Thomas Lydiat (1572 – 3 April 1646) was a clergyman and mathematician in England. In his time he was noted as a chronologer and was an opponent in controversy of Joseph Justus Scaliger. He is now considered, albeit in a very different type of theory, to have provided in 1605 a clear suggestion of an oval orbit in astronomy, anticipating Johannes Kepler, with whom he also had a controversial exchange relating to chronology.

His contemporaries ranked him with Joseph Mede and Francis Bacon. His ultimate poverty, certainly exaggerated, furnished Samuel Johnson with an allusion in his poem on the Vanity of Human Wishes.

Chronology
Chronology (from Latin chronologia, from Ancient Greek χρόνος, chrónos, 'time'; and -λογία, -logia) is the science of arranging events in their order of occurrence in time, such as in a timeline or other sequence of events. It is also "the determination of the actual temporal sequence of past events".

Chronology is a part of periodization. It is also a part of the discipline of history including earth history, the earth sciences, and study of the geologic time scale.
1921 Buckingham and Carnatic Mills strike
The 1921 Buckingham and Carnatic Mills strike was a strike by the workers of Buckingham and Carnatic Mills in the city of Madras (now called Chennai), India, against the managing company, Binny and Co. The strike, which lasted from June to October 1921, caused severe losses to the Madras economy. It also created a rift in the ruling Justice Party forcing many Dalit leaders to leave.

M. C. Rajah
Mylai Chinna Thambi Pillai Rajah (17 June 1883 – 23 August 1943) was a Tamil politician, educationist, social and political activist from the Indian union state of Tamil Nadu.

Rajah was born to a Tamil family of Madras. He entered politics after graduation and was a leader in the Justice Party. However, he quit the party in 1923 over the party's treatment of the then Depressed Classes. He was the first leader who organized the Scheduled Classes at the national level in India, and the most prominent Scheduled Classes leader of pre-independent India. In his heyday, Rajah was considered to be a person equal in stature to B. R. Ambedkar. He was the pioneer of mid-day meal scheme in India.