hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Glenn Firebaugh
Glenn Firebaugh is an American sociologist (born: Charleston, West Virginia) and leading international authority on social science research methods. Currently he is the Roy C. Buck Distinguished Professor of Sociology (Emeritus) at the Pennsylvania State University. He has also held regular or visiting faculty appointments at Harvard University, Vanderbilt University, Oxford University, and the University of Michigan.
Firebaugh is best known for his contributions to statistical methods and for his research on global inequality. In 2018 he received the Paul F. Lazarsfeld Award from the American Sociological Association for "a career of distinguished contributions to the field of sociological methodology". His publications are highly cited by other social scientists.

Public opinion
Public opinion, or popular opinion, is the collective opinion on a specific topic or voting intention relevant to society. It is the people's views on matters affecting them.

In the 21st century, public opinion is heavily influenced by the media; many studies have been undertaken which look at the different factors which influence public opinion. Politicians and other people concerned with public opinion often attempt to influence it using advertising or rhetoric. Opinion plays a vital role in uncovering some critical decisions. Sentiment analysis or opinion mining is a method used to mine the thoughts or feelings of the general population. One of the struggles of public opinion is how it can be influenced by misinformation.
Novorossiysk Chimes
Novorossiysk Chimes (also known as The Flame of Eternal Glory or The Fire of Eternal Glory), Op. 111b, was written by Dmitri Shostakovich in 1960 for the war memorial in the city of Novorossiysk.  The piece consists, mainly, of material Shostakovich had originally written in 1943 as an entry in a contest to compose a new national anthem for the U.S.S.R.

Novorossiysk Chimes has been playing nonstop at Heroes Square in Novorossiysk since its opening on September 27, 1960.  The song's opening phrases have also been used as introductory music for Moscow Radio's late-night news program CKACWH.

National anthem
A national anthem is a patriotic musical composition symbolizing and evoking eulogies of the history and traditions of a country or nation. The majority of national anthems are marches or hymns in style. Some countries that are devolved into multiple constituent states have their own official musical compositions for them (such as with the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union); their constituencies' songs are sometimes referred to as national anthems even though they are not sovereign states.
Edvīns Bietags
Edvīns Bietags (28 February 1908, in Rūjiena – 29 September 1983, in Jūrmala) was a Latvian wrestler and Olympic medalist.

Edvīns competed at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, Germany, and won a silver medal in Greco-Roman Light Heavyweight wrestling.

Jūrmala
Jūrmala (Latvian: [ˈjuːrmala] ⓘ; "seaside") is a state city in the Vidzeme region of Latvia, about 25 kilometres (16 miles) west of Riga. Jūrmala is a resort town stretching 32 km (20 miles) and is sandwiched between the Gulf of Riga and the Lielupe River. It has a 33 km (21 miles) stretch of white-sand beach and is the fifth-largest city in Latvia.

While Latvia was under Soviet occupation, Jūrmala was a favorite holiday-resort and tourist destination for high-level Communist Party officials, particularly Leonid Brezhnev and Nikita Khrushchev. Although many amenities such as beach-houses and concrete hotels remain, some have fallen into disrepair. Jūrmala remains a tourist attraction with long beaches facing the Gulf of Riga and romantic wooden houses in the Art Nouveau style.
Muskeg Formation
The Muskeg Formation is a geologic formation of Middle Devonian (Givetian) age in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin. It extends from the plains of northwestern Alberta to northeastern British Columbia, and includes important petroleum and natural gas reservoirs in the Zama lake and Rainbow Lake areas of northwestern Alberta.

Givetian
The Givetian is one of two faunal stages in the Middle Devonian Period. It lasted from 387.95 million years ago to 382.31  million years ago. It was preceded by the Eifelian Stage and followed by the Frasnian Stage. It is named after the town of Givet in France. The oldest forests occurred during the late Givetian. The lower GSSP is located at Jebel Mech Irdane, Tafilalt, Morocco.
Charas (1976 film)
Charas (transl. Hashish) is a 1976 Indian Hindi-language action thriller film produced and directed by Ramanand Sagar. It is set against the backdrop of the expulsion of Indian community from Uganda by its dictator Idi Amin in 1972. The film stars Dharmendra, Hema Malini, Ajit, Amjad Khan, Sujit Kumar, Aruna Irani, Asrani, Keshto Mukherjee and Tom Alter in lead roles. The film's music is by Laxmikant–Pyarelal.

Ajit (Hindi film actor)
Hamid Ali Khan (27 January 1922 – 22 October 1998), better known by his stage name Ajit, was an Indian actor active in Hindi films. He acted in over two hundred movies over a period of almost four decades.

Ajit is also credited for starring as a lead actor in popular Bollywood movies such as Beqasoor, Nastik, Bada Bhai, Milan, Bara Dari, and later as a second lead in Mughal-e-Azam and Naya Daur.
Hebecarpa rectipilis
Hebecarpa rectipilis, synonym Polygala rectipilis, common name New Mexico milkwort, is a plant native to one county in New Mexico and to northeast Mexico. The type specimen was collected near the Town of Hillsboro in Sierra County, at an elevation of 1675 m (5500 feet).

Hebecarpa rectipilis is herbaceous and up to 30 cm (12 inches) tall. It has oblong to ovate leaves narrowing to a point at the tip. Flowers are borne in terminal racemes of as many as 20 flowers. Flowers are purple, up to 6 mm (0.24 inches) long.

Hillsboro, New Mexico
Hillsboro is an unincorporated community in Sierra County, New Mexico, United States, located in the southwestern part of the state. It was founded in 1877, following the discovery of gold. The community was the county seat of Sierra County from 1884 until 1936, when Hot Springs (now called Truth or Consequences) became the county seat.

The town was named Hillsborough by prospectors in December 1877, but later shortened to Hillsboro. By 1880, the town had four companies of soldiers and 400 miners, but the population soon grew to 700. A county courthouse was built in 1892. By 1907, the population was 1200. A flood on 10 June 1914 caused considerable damage to many town buildings. New Mexico State Road 152 and NM 27 intersect in and bisect the town.
İnce Memed
İnce Memed is a series of four epic novels written by the Turkish novelist of Kurdish descent Yaşar Kemal. The novel narrates the tale of Memed, the only son of a poor widow, who, after having witnessed the cruelties and injustices of feudalism under Abdi Ağa's (the landlord) yoke, decides to take up arms and emancipate the landless peasants of Çukurova. The novel is set in the early years of the Turkish Republic.

İnce Memed (1955), the first novel in the tetralogy, was Kemal's first published novel. Subsequent volumes of the İnce Memed saga were published in 1969, 1984 and 1987. The tetralogy took Kemal thirty-nine years to complete. The four-volume series was intended by Kemal to be ‘the epic of Anatolia.’

The main character is thought to be loosely based on a real historical bandit named "Safiye Memed".

The first novel adapted into a feature-length movie named as Memed, My Hawk in 1984 by director Peter Ustinov.

Kurdish population
The Kurdish population is estimated to be between 30 and 45 million. Most Kurdish people live in Kurdistan, which today is split between Iranian Kurdistan, Iraqi Kurdistan, Turkish Kurdistan, and Syrian Kurdistan.
Albertus L. Meyers Bridge
The Albertus L. Meyers Bridge, also known as the Eighth Street Bridge, the South Eighth Street Viaduct, and unsigned as SR 2055, is a reinforced concrete open-spandrel arch bridge located in Allentown, Pennsylvania. The bridge is "one of the earliest surviving examples of monumental, reinforced concrete construction," according to the American Society of Civil Engineers.

Upon its opening on November 17, 1913, the bridge, then known as the Eighth Street Bridge, was the longest and highest concrete bridge in the world.

The bridge spans the Little Lehigh Creek, linking Center City Allentown with Allentown's South Side. The bridge has seventeen spans and is longer than the more massive Tunkhannock Viaduct of the same type.

In 1974, the bridge was renamed in honor Albertus L. Meyers, who served as bandmaster of the Allentown Band for 50 years, from 1926 to 1976.

American Society of Civil Engineers
The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) is a tax-exempt professional body founded in 1852 to represent members of the civil engineering profession worldwide. Headquartered in Reston, Virginia, it is the oldest national engineering society in the United States. Its constitution was based on the older Boston Society of Civil Engineers from 1848.

ASCE is dedicated to the advancement of the science and profession of civil engineering and the enhancement of human welfare through the activities of society members. It has more than 143,000 members in 177 countries. Its mission is to provide essential value to members, their careers, partners, and the public; facilitate the advancement of technology; encourage and provide the tools for lifelong learning; promote professionalism and the profession; develop and support civil engineers.
Shakila Thangaratinam
Shakila Thangaratinam is a British physician who is Professor of Women's Health at the University of Liverpool and a consultant obstetrician at Liverpool Women's University Hospital. She is executive dean of the Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, at the University of Liverpool. She is the vice president (International) of the Academy of Medical Sciences in the UK. She is an NIHR senior investigator. Her research has shaped global guidelines on COVID-19 in gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia, pulse oximetry and epilepsy.

The BMJ
The BMJ is a fortnightly peer-reviewed medical journal, published by BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, which in turn is wholly owned by the British Medical Association (BMA). The BMJ has editorial freedom from the BMA. It is one of the world's oldest general medical journals. Previously called the British Medical Journal, the title was officially shortened to BMJ in 1988, and then changed to The BMJ in 2014. The current editor-in-chief of The BMJ is Kamran Abbasi, who was appointed in January 2022.
Globe Theatre
The Globe Theatre was a theatre in London associated with William Shakespeare. It was built in 1599 at Southwark, close to the south bank of the Thames, by Shakespeare's playing company, the Lord Chamberlain's Men. It was destroyed by fire on 29 June 1613. A second Globe Theatre was built on the same site by June 1614 and stayed open until the  London theatre closures of 1642. As well as plays by Shakespeare, early works by Ben Jonson, Thomas Dekker and John Fletcher were first performed here.

A modern reconstruction of the Globe, named "Shakespeare's Globe", opened in 1997 approximately 750 feet (230 m) from the site of the original theatre.

Thomas Dekker (writer)
Thomas Dekker (c. 1572 – 25 August 1632) was an English Elizabethan dramatist and pamphleteer, a versatile and prolific writer, whose career spanned several decades and brought him into contact with many of the period's most famous dramatists.
Dolma Festival in Armenia
The Dolma Festival in Armenia, also known as Uduli (a term meaning "grape" in Urartian), is an annual festival that is held annually near the city of Armavir, Armenia. It began in 2011 and focuses on appreciation of Armenian cuisine, especially dolma, a traditional Armenian dish made of ground beef, lamb and spices wrapped in grape leaves, cabbage leaves and vegetables.

During the festival, chefs from Armenia and other countries aim to cook different kinds of stuffed vegetable dishes known as dolma. During the competition, festival guests can watch Armenian dances, listen to songs, and taste the dolma. At the end of the festival, a jury chooses the best chef. The winner gets a special prize — a golden statue.

Armenian cuisine uses many spices and herbs, including salt, garlic, red pepper, dried mint (in Western Armenia), cumin, coriander, sumac, cinnamon, cloves and mahleb.

Urartian language
Urartian or Vannic is an extinct Hurro-Urartian language which was spoken by the inhabitants of the ancient kingdom of Urartu (Biaini or Biainili in Urartian), which was centered on the region around Lake Van and had its capital, Tushpa, near the site of the modern town of Van in the Armenian highlands, now in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. Its past prevalence is unknown. While some believe it was probably dominant around Lake Van and in the areas along the upper Zab valley, others believe it was spoken by a relatively small population who comprised a ruling class.

First attested in the 9th century BCE, Urartian ceased to be written after the fall of the Urartian state in 585 BCE and presumably became extinct due to the fall of Urartu. It must have had long contact with, and been gradually totally replaced by, an early form of Armenian.
Valence Romans Drôme Rugby
Valence Romans Drôme Rugby (formerly L’Union sportive romanaise and péageoise) is a French rugby union club based in Romans-sur-Isère (Drôme). For the 2023–24 season they will be playing in Pro D2, the second tier of the country's professional rugby system, having been promoted from Nationale.

Championnat Fédéral Nationale
The Championnat Fédéral Nationale, also known simply as the Nationale, is the third tier of rugby union club competition division in France. Introduced in 2020, it is operated by the French Rugby Federation (FFR).
Joseph-Marcellin Wilson
Joseph-Marcellin Wilson (November 26, 1859 – September 10, 1940) was a Canadian merchant and senator.

Born in Île Bizard, Canada East, he was summoned to the Canadian Senate in 1911. A Liberal, he represented the senatorial division of Saurel, Quebec. He resigned in February 1940. He died in 1940 and is buried in Notre-Dame-des-Neiges Cemetery.

Île Bizard
Île Bizard (French pronunciation: [il bizaʁ]) is an island near the Island of Montreal in the Hochelaga Archipelago region. It is one of the three populated islands within the city of Montreal, along with the Island of Montreal and Nuns' Island (Île des Soeurs). The island is served by buses 207 and 407.
Three Dark Horses
Three Dark Horses is a 1952 short subject directed by Jules White starring American slapstick comedy team The Three Stooges (Moe Howard, Larry Fine and Shemp Howard). It is the 142nd entry in the series released by Columbia Pictures starring the comedians, who released 190 shorts for the studio between 1934 and 1959.

Slapstick
Slapstick is a style of humor involving exaggerated physical activity that exceeds the boundaries of normal physical comedy. Slapstick may involve both intentional violence and violence by mishap, often resulting from physical abuse and/or inept use of props such as saws and ladders.

The term arises from a device developed for use in the broad, physical comedy style known as commedia dell'arte in 16th-century Italy. The "slap stick" consists of two thin slats of wood, which makes a "slap" when striking another actor, with little force needed to make a loud—and comical—sound. The physical slap stick remains a key component of the plot in the traditional and popular Punch and Judy puppet show. More contemporary examples of slapstick humor include The Three Stooges, The Naked Gun and Mr. Bean.
Smara refugee camp
Smara refugee camp (Arabic: مخيم السمارة) is one of the Sahrawi refugee camps located in Tindouf province in southwest Algeria. According to UNHCR statistics and the Algerian Red Crescent, the camp has a population of about 39,000 Sahrawi refugees. Attempts to create an accurate census have been met with resistance from the Moroccan government. The refugee camp was named after the Western Saharan city of Smara. It is located about 30 miles (50 km) from Tindouf.

After his visit to the Smara refugee camp, United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon spoke of a "human tragedy" and said the world "must act" to help the Sahrawi people. He rejected criticism from Morocco of his remarks on Western Sahara, and pledged to push for action to advance peace efforts.

Algerian Red Crescent
The Algerian Red Crescent (Arabic: جمعية الهلال الأحمر الجزائري, romanized: Jamʻīyat al-Hilāl al-Aḥmar al-Jazāʼirī) is an Algerian humanitarian volunteer organization founded in 1957. It has been recognized by the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement only since 1963.
Canada's Worst Driver season 1
Canada's Worst Driver 1 is the first season of the Canadian reality TV show Canada's Worst Driver, which aired on the Discovery Channel, based on the UK five's version Britain's Worst Driver. As with subsequent years, eight people, nominated by their family or friends, enter the 25-day Driver Rehabilitation Centre to improve their driving skills. This year, the Driver Rehabilitation Centre is located at CFB Picton, a decommissioned military base near Picton, Ontario that closed down in 1969, with the final road test taking place in Montreal, Quebec.

The first season was aired as an eight-part series. The show's weekly time slot captured 65% more viewers for the Discovery Channel compared to the prior year.

Britain's Worst Driver
Britain's Worst Driver is a British television series that was broadcast on Channel 5 between 2002 and 2005. Created and hosted by ex-Top Gear host Quentin Willson and made by Mentorn, the show was mostly filmed at Millbrook Proving Ground in Bedfordshire, England.
Love by Design
Love by Design (Chinese: 必勝練習生; pinyin: bì shèng liàn xí shēng; literally "Win Trainee") is a 2016 Taiwanese romantic comedy television series created and produced by Eastern Television. It stars Alan Ko, Allison Lin, Ahn Zhe and Beatrice Fang as the main cast. Filming began on May 12, 2016 and wrapped up on August 24, 2016. First original broadcast began on July 30, 2016 on TTV airing every Saturday night at 10:00-11:30 pm.

It is a remake of the South Korean drama Baby Faced Beauty, which first aired in 2011.

Eastern Broadcasting Company
Eastern Broadcasting Company (EBC; Chinese: 東森電視; pinyin: Dōngsēn Diànshì), originally called Eastern Television (ETTV), is a nationwide cable television network in Taiwan that is operated by the Eastern Broadcasting Group. ETTV began channel syndications in the United States in 2003 under the name of ETTV America. In November 2015, Eastern Television renamed as Eastern Broadcasting Company.
Mario Marmo
Mario Marmo (7 January 1940 – 26 November 2016) was an Argentine tango pianist, orchestra conductor, and arranger. Known for his milonguero style and his work alongside renowned singers, he had a long career as an accompanist, ensemble leader, and teacher in the field of tango.

Tango
Tango is a partner dance and social Latin dance that originated in the 1880s along the Río de la Plata, the natural border between Argentina and Uruguay. The tango was born in the impoverished port areas of these countries from a combination of Argentine Milonga, Spanish-Cuban Habanera, and Uruguayan Candombe celebrations. It was frequently practiced in the brothels and bars of ports, where business owners employed bands to entertain their patrons. It then spread to the rest of the world. A number of variations of this dance currently exist around the world.

On August 31, 2009, UNESCO approved a joint proposal by Argentina and Uruguay to include the tango in the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists.
1927 West Tennessee State Teachers football team
The 1927 West Tennessee State Teachers football team was an American football team that represented West Tennessee State Teachers College (now known as the University of Memphis) as an independent during the 1927 college football season. In their fourth season under head coach Zach Curlin, West Tennessee State Teachers compiled a 5–3–1 record.

1927 college football season
The 1927 college football season ended with the Illini of the University of Illinois (7–0–1) being recognized as champion under the Dickinson System. At season's end, the Rissler Cup was awarded to the team that finished first in the "Dickinson ratings", which considered strength of schedule. In the final week, Georgia's "Dream and Wonder team" was upset by Georgia Tech. Georgia had upset Eastern power Yale 14–10. Though most selectors retrospectively named either Illinois or Georgia as their 1927 national champions, over a half-century later Jeff Sagarin, a computer-based selector, named the Texas Aggies as the No. 1 team.

In the Rose Bowl, the Pittsburgh Panthers (8–0–1) were invited to play against the Pacific Coast Conference champion.  Though USC and Stanford had identical records in conference play, Stanford was given a chance to "avenge" its 7–7 tie against Alabama in the previous year's Rose Bowl. Stanford won 7–6.
Alberta Highway 11A
Highway 11A is the designation of two routes that connect to Highway 11 (David Thompson Highway) in Alberta, Canada. The Rocky Mountain House section is referred to as 11A:02 by Alberta Transportation, while 11A:06 runs from Sylvan Lake to Red Deer.

Rocky Mountain House
Rocky Mountain House is a town in west-central Alberta, Canada. It is approximately 77 km (48 mi) west of Red Deer at the confluence of the Clearwater and North Saskatchewan Rivers, and at the crossroads of Highway 22 (Cowboy Trail) and Highway 11 (David Thompson Highway). The surrounding Clearwater County's administration office is located in Rocky Mountain House.
Munneru River
Munneru is a left tributary of the Krishna River. It originates in Warangal District of Telangana, India and flows in the districts of  Khammam District and Krishna District. The river is named after Rishi Maudgalya, who is said to have created this river with his spiritual power and performed a penance ritual in Khammam.

Mudgala
Mudgala (Sanskrit: मुद्गल, romanized: Mudgala), sometimes also rendered Maudgalya (Sanskrit: मौद्गल्य, romanized: Maudgalya), is a rishi (sage) in Hinduism. Leading a life of poverty and piety, he is regarded to have mastered the attainment of the state of nirvana. The Maudgalya Brahmanas claim their descent from this sage.
Oklahoma State Highway 150
State Highway 150 (abbreviated SH-150) is a state highway in McIntosh County, Oklahoma, in the United States. It is 8.77 miles (14.11 km) long, running diagonally from U.S. Highway 69 north of Eufaula in the southeast to Interstate 40 west of Checotah in the northwest. SH-150 provides access to Lake Eufaula and Lake Eufaula State Park. It has no lettered spur routes.

SH-150 was established in the mid-1960s as a spur route connecting I-40 to the parklands surrounding Lake Eufaula. In the early 1970s, it was extended to reconnect with the state highway system, as it does today, at its south end.

Eufaula, Oklahoma
Eufaula is a city in and the county seat of McIntosh County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 2,766 at the 2020 census. It is in the southern part of the county, north of McAlester and south of Muskogee.

The name "Eufaula" comes from the Eufaula people, part of the Muscogee Creek confederacy. The town and county are within the jurisdiction of the federally recognized Muscogee Nation, descendants of the tribe who were removed here from the Southeastern United States in the 1830s.