hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Anatolii I. Zvyagin
Zvyagin Anatolii Illarionovich (born 14 November 1937 Panyutino, Kharkiv Region – died 4 May 1991 Kharkiv) is the author of pioneer studies of dynamical (in the wide range of frequencies, including rf, IR, and optical ones), magnetic, and thermal properties of low-symmetric and low-dimensional magnetic insulators.

He was physicist-researcher, Doctor of Sciences (Physics and Mathematics), professor, Corresponding Member of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, the State Prize of the Ukrainian SSR in Science and Technology, director of the Institute for Low Temperature Physics and Engineering (1988–1991).

Low Temperature Physics (journal)
Low Temperature Physics  is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering all aspects of low temperature physics. The journal publishes original articles, review articles, brief communications, memoirs, and biographies. The editor-in-chief is Yurii G. Naidyuk. This is a translation of the journal Fizika Nizkikh Temperatur (in Russian), published by the B.Verkin Institute for Low Temperature Physics and Engineering of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.
Matteo Raeli
Matteo Raeli (Noto, 23 December 1812 – Noto, 26 November 1875) was an Italian patriot, jurist and politician. As Minister of Justice of the Kingdom of Italy he was responsible for the Law of Guarantees.

Noto
Noto (Sicilian: Notu; Latin: Netum) is a city and comune in the Province of Syracuse, Sicily, Italy. It is 32 kilometres (20 mi) southwest of the city of Syracuse at the foot of the Hyblaean Mountains. It lends its name to the surrounding area Val di Noto. In 2002 Noto and its church were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Bardaasht
Bardaasht (transl. Tolerance) is a 2004 Indian Hindi-language vigilante action-thriller film directed by Eeshwar Nivas and written by Vikram Bhatt. The film stars Bobby Deol, Lara Dutta, Ritesh Deshmukh, Tara Sharma, and Rahul Dev, with Vishwajeet Pradhan, Ganesh Yadav, Nagesh Bhonsle, Shivaji Satam, and Virendra Saxena in supporting roles. The film focuses on the issue of police brutality.

Police brutality
Police brutality is the excessive and unwarranted use of force by law enforcement against an individual or a group. It is an extreme form of police misconduct and is a civil rights violation. Police brutality includes, but is not limited to, asphyxiation, beatings, shootings, improper takedowns, racially-motivated violence and unwarranted use of tasers.
Dialogue principle
In Canadian constitutional law, the dialogue principle is an approach to the interpretation of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms where judicial review of legislation is said to be part of a "dialogue" between the legislatures and the courts. It specifically involves governments drafting legislation in response to court rulings and courts acknowledging the effort if the new legislation is challenged.

This approach was introduced by constitutional scholars Peter Hogg and Allison Bushell, and has had acceptance in much of the academic world and in courts. Nevertheless, it remains a controversial principle as it attempts to justify what many critics see as judicial activism in the courts.

Judicial activism
Judicial activism is a judicial philosophy holding that courts can and should go beyond the applicable law to consider broader societal implications of their decisions. It is sometimes used as an antonym of judicial restraint. The term usually implies that judges make rulings based on their own views rather than on precedent. The definition of judicial activism and the specific decisions that are activist are controversial political issues. The question of judicial activism is closely related to judicial interpretation, statutory interpretation, and separation of powers.
Dionísio, Minas Gerais
Dionísio is a municipality in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The city belongs to the mesoregion Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte and to the microregion of Itabira.  As of 2020, the estimated population was 7,609.

The municipality contains part of the 35,970 hectares (88,900 acres) Rio Doce State Park, created in 1944, the first state-level conservation unit in Minas Gerais.

Mesoregions of Brazil
A mesoregion (Portuguese: Mesorregião) was a subdivision of the Brazilian states, grouping together various municipalities in proximity and with common characteristics. They were abolished in 2017 and replaced by intermediate and immediate geographic regions. The mesoregions were created by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics for statistical purposes and did not, therefore, constitute political or administrative areas. They were further divided into microregions.
Hira Mountains
The Hira Mountains (比良山地, Hira-sanchi) are a mountain range to the west of Lake Biwa on the border of Shiga Prefecture and Kyoto Prefecture, Japan. The range runs 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) north to south. It  is narrowest in the southern part of the range, running 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) east to west, and broadest at the northern part of the range, running 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) km east to west. The eastern side of the Hira Mountains looks steeply over Lake Biwa, while the western side of the range forms a gentler valley in Kyoto.

The three main peaks of the Hira Mountains are Mount Bunagatake, the highest with an elevation of 1,214.4 metres (3,984 ft); Hōraisan, at 1,174 metres (3,852 ft), and Mount Uchimi at 1,103 metres (3,619 ft).

The spring snow of the Hira Mountains is one of the Eight Views of Ōmi.

Lake Biwa
Lake Biwa (Japanese: 琵琶湖, Hepburn: Biwa-ko) is the largest freshwater lake in Japan. It is located entirely within Shiga Prefecture (west-central Honshu), northeast of the former capital city of Kyoto. Lake Biwa is an ancient lake, over 4 million years old. It is estimated to be the 13th oldest lake in the world. Because of its proximity to the country's historical capital Kyoto, references to Lake Biwa appear frequently in Japanese literature, particularly in poetry and in historical accounts of battles.
Hakata Gion Yamakasa
Hakata Gion Yamakasa (博多祇園山笠) is a Japanese festival celebrated from the 1st until the 15th of July in Hakata, Fukuoka. The festivities are centred on the Kushida Jinja. The festival is famous for the Kakiyama, that weigh around one ton and are carried around the city as an act of float-racing. The festival is believed to be over 770 years old and attracts up to a million spectators each year. It was designated an Important Intangible Folk Cultural Property of Japan in 1979. 
The origin of the festival is believed to date back to 1241, when the founder of Joten-ji temple, monk Enni had people carry him around the town on a float, while praying in order to get rid of the plague which is considered to have been successful. The sound of the Yamakasa has also been selected by the Ministry of the Environment as one of the 100 Soundscapes of Japan.

Hakata-ku, Fukuoka
Hakata-ku (博多区) is a ward of the city of Fukuoka in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan.

Many of Fukuoka Prefecture and Fukuoka City's principal government, commercial, retail and entertainment establishments are located in the district. Hakata-ku is also the location of Fukuoka's main train station, Hakata Station, Fukuoka Airport and the Hakata Port international passenger ship terminal.
USS Wyoming
One ship of the United States Navy has been named USS Wyoming in honor of the Wyoming Valley in eastern Pennsylvania that runs along the Susquehanna River.  Three others have been named in honor of the state of Wyoming.

USS Wyoming (1859) was a screw sloop that operated on the California coast during the American Civil War and fought the forces of a Japanese warlord in the Battle of Shimonoseki.

USS Wyoming (BM-10), an Arkansas-class monitor, later renamed USS Cheyenne.

USS Wyoming (BB-32) was the lead ship of her class of battleships.

USS Wyoming (SSBN-742) is an Ohio-class ballistic missile submarine.

Battle of Shimonoseki Straits
The Battle of Shimonoseki Straits (Japanese: 下関海戦, romanized: Shimonoseki Kaisen) was a naval engagement fought on July 16, 1863, by the United States Navy warship USS Wyoming against the powerful daimyō (feudal lord) Mōri Takachika of the Chōshū clan based in Shimonoseki.

USS Wyoming, under Captain David McDougal, sailed into the strait and single-handedly engaged the US-built but poorly manned Japanese fleet. Engaged for almost two hours before withdrawing, McDougal sank two enemy vessels, severely damaged the other one, and inflicted some forty Japanese casualties. Wyoming suffered considerable damage with four crew dead and seven wounded.

The battle was a prelude to the larger-scale 1863 and 1864 Shimonoseki campaign by allied foreign powers. It took place among the troubled events of the Late Tokugawa shogunate from 1854 to 1868, associated with the opening of Japan to the European and American powers.
Battle of Wołodarka
The Battle of Wołodarka was a clash between the Polish Army and Semyon Budyonny's First Cavalry Army. It took place between 29 and 31 May 1920, near the Ukrainian village of Volodarka, in the course of the Polish Offensive on Kiev during the Polish-Soviet War.

Uman
Uman (Ukrainian: Умань, IPA: [ˈumɐnʲ] ⓘ, Polish: Humań, Yiddish: אומאַן) is a city in Cherkasy Oblast, central Ukraine. It is located to the east of Vinnytsia. Located in the east of the historical region of Podolia, the city rests on the banks of the Umanka River. Uman serves as the administrative center of Uman Raion (district). It hosts the administration of Uman urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 81,525 (2022 estimate).

Among Ukrainians, Uman is known for its mention in Taras Shevchenko's longest poem, Haidamaky ("The Haidamaks", 1841). The city is also a pilgrimage site for Breslov Hasidic Jews and a major center of gardening research containing the dendrological park Sofiyivka and the University of Gardening.

Uman (Humań) was a privately owned city of Poland and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
Los Angeles Times Festival of Books
The Los Angeles Times Festival of Books is a free, public festival celebrating the written word. It is the largest book festival in the United States, drawing approximately 85,000 attendees in 2025. The festival began in 1996 and is held on the penultimate weekend of April, hosted by the University of Southern California. It features vendors, authors, and publishers. Among the events are panel discussions, storytelling, and performances for children, as well as the Los Angeles Times book prize ceremony. It is well regarded as a celebration of American culture through literature.

Dave Eggers
Dave Eggers (born March 12, 1970) is an American writer, editor, and publisher. His 2000 memoir, A Heartbreaking Work of Staggering Genius, became a bestseller and was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction. Eggers is also the founder of several literary and philanthropic ventures, including the literary journal Timothy McSweeney's Quarterly Concern, the literacy project 826 Valencia, and the human rights non-profit organisation Voice of Witness. Additionally, he founded ScholarMatch, a program that connects donors with students needing funds for college tuition. His writing has appeared in publications including The New Yorker, Esquire, and The New York Times Magazine.
Let's Make a Dream
Let's Make a Dream (French: Faisons un rêve...) is a 1936 French romantic comedy film directed by Sacha Guitry and starring Guitry, Raimu and Jacqueline Delubac. It is an adaptation of the 1916 play of the same title by Guitry. It was shot at the Epinay Studios on the outskirts of Paris, and distributed by the French subsidiary of Tobis Film. The film's sets were designed by the art director Robert Gys.

Epinay Studios
The Epinay Studios are film production studios located in Epinay in northern Paris. It was a complex with two distinct and separate structures on forty acres of land.

The launch of the Cité du Cinéma in 2012, also in Seine-Saint-Denis, greatly slowed down interest in the Épinay studios.
Bedford Estate
The Bedford Estate is an estate in central London owned by the Russell family, which holds the peerage title of Duke of Bedford. The estate was originally based in Covent Garden, then stretched to include Bloomsbury in 1669. The Covent Garden property was sold for £2 million in 1913 by Herbrand Russell, 11th Duke of Bedford, to the MP and land speculator Harry Mallaby-Deeley, who sold his option to the Beecham family for £250,000; the sale was finalised in 1918.

Beecham Group
The Beecham Group plc  was a British pharmaceutical company. It was once a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. Founded by Thomas Beecham who opened the first factory in St Helens, Lancashire in 1859, Beecham focused on marketing the business by advertising in newspapers and using a network of wholesale agents in northern England and in London, rapidly building up the business. In August 1859 he created the slogan for Beecham's Pills: "Worth a guinea a box", considered to be the world's first advertising slogan, which helped the business become a global brand.

Beecham, after having merged with American pharmaceutical company SmithKline Beckman to become SmithKline Beecham, merged with Glaxo Wellcome to become GlaxoSmithKline (GSK). GSK (and later, Haleon) still uses the Beechams brand name in the UK for its over-the-counter cold and flu relief products.
Ribbon Peak
Ribbon Peak is a 2,880-metre (9,450-foot) summit located in Kananaskis Country in the Canadian Rockies of Alberta, Canada. Ribbon's nearest higher neighbor is Mount Bogart, 1.0 km (0.62 mi) to the southwest. Ribbon Peak is situated four kilometres northwest of Mount Kidd, and both can be seen from Highway 40 near the Kananaskis Village junction along Highway 40.

Kananaskis Village
Kananaskis Village is an unincorporated community in Alberta's Rockies within the Kananaskis Country park system in the Kananaskis Improvement District of Alberta, Canada. It is located between Calgary and Banff, approximately 26 km (16 mi) south of the Trans-Canada Highway (Highway 1), 3 km (1.9 mi) west of Highway 40 (Kananaskis Trail) via Mt. Allan Drive and Centennial Drive. The community is located on the west shore of the Kananaskis River at the base of Mount Kidd.

The village was the host of the 28th G8 summit in 2002 and the 51st G7 summit in 2025.

Kananaskis Improvement District's municipal office is located in Kananaskis Village.
1999 Rugby League Tri-Nations
The 1999 Rugby League Tri-Nations series was contested by Australia, Great Britain and New Zealand in 1999. It was the first multi-national rugby league tournament to feature the sport's three world powers since the 1989–1992 Rugby League World Cup (the 1995 World Cup featured England and Wales separately). Co-hosts Australia and New Zealand played in the final, which was narrowly won by the Kangaroos. Great Britain didn't win a game of the tournament.

After the Lions narrowly defeated the Queensland Cup premiers, Burleigh Bears, a poor crowd attended their match against Australia at Suncorp Stadium. Fearing a similar attendance for the series final, the tournament organisers relocated the match to Ericsson Stadium.

With the Rugby League World Cup to be staged the following year, and tours of Great Britain by Australia in 2001 and 2003 and New Zealand in 2002, the Tri-nations was not held again until 2004.

2001 Kangaroo tour
The 2001 Kangaroo Tour was the Australia national rugby league team's nineteenth Kangaroo tour of Great Britain. The truncated tour featured only the three Ashes series Test matches against Great Britain. The 2001 tour was almost abandoned due to military action in the wake of the September 11 attacks. Australia continued its dominance, winning two of the three tests against Great Britain and retaining The Ashes that they have held since 1973.
1959 Army Cadets football team
The 1959 Army Cadets football team represented the United States Military Academy in the 1959 college football season. In their first year under head coach Dale Hall, the Cadets compiled a 4–4–1 record and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 174 to 141. In the annual Army–Navy Game, the Cadets lost 43–12 to the Midshipmen. The Cadets also lost to Illinois, Penn State, and Oklahoma.

Army end Bill Carpenter was a consensus first-team player on the 1959 College Football All-America Team.

1959 Navy Midshipmen football team
The 1959 Navy Midshipmen football team represented the United States Naval Academy (USNA) as an independent during the 1959 college football season. The team was led by first-year head coach Wayne Hardin.
2023 Orlando USTA Pro Circuit Event
The 2023 Orlando USTA Pro Circuit Event was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the sixth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2023 ITF Women's World Tennis Tour. It took place in Orlando, Florida, United States between 6 and 12 February 2023.

Orlando USTA Pro Circuit Event
The Orlando USTA Pro Circuit Events are a series of tournaments for professional female tennis players played on outdoor hardcourts and outdoor clay courts.

The events are classified as $60,000 and $25,000 ITF Women's World Tennis Tour tournaments and have been held in Orlando, Florida since 2013.
She Has Funny Cars
"She Has Funny Cars" is a song by the American rock group Jefferson Airplane. Vocalist Marty Balin wrote the lyrics, while guitarist Jorma Kaukonen supplied the music. The song appeared as the opening track on their breakthrough album, Surrealistic Pillow (1967).

Jack Casady
John William Casady (born April 13, 1944) is an American bass guitarist, best known as a member of Jefferson Airplane and Hot Tuna. Jefferson Airplane became the first successful exponent of the San Francisco Sound. Singles including "Somebody to Love" and "White Rabbit" charted in 1967 and 1968. Casady, along with the other members of Jefferson Airplane, was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1996.
Nauru Olympic Committee
The Nauru Olympic Committee (IOC code: NRU) is the National Olympic Committee representing Nauru. It represents and organises the Olympic movement on the island. The NNOC was founded in 1991 and was recognised by the International Olympic Committee in 1994. It is also the body responsible for Nauru's representation at the Commonwealth Games.

Nauru has participated regularly in the Olympic Games since 1992. As of February 2025, the NNOC has sent thirteen athletes to the Olympic Games.

Marcus Stephen (1992-2000), first Nauruan Olympian

Quincy Detenamo (1996)

Gerard Garabwan (1996)

Sheeva Peo (2000), first Nauruan woman Olympian

Itte Detenamo (2004, 2008)

Yukio Peter (2004)

Reanna Solomon (2004)

Sled Dowabobo (2012)

Elson Brechtefeld (2016)

Ovini Uera (2016)

Nancy Genzel Abouke (2020)

Jonah Harris (2020)

Winzar Kakiouea (2024)

Gerard Garabwan
Gerard Darrien Garabwan (10 March 1971) is a former weightlifter who competed for Nauru at the 1996 Summer Olympic Games.

He was a plumber when he was picked to represent his nation at the Olympics, he had already competed at the 1995 World Cup in China and finished 33rd. After he finished 24th at the Olympics he went on to finish 8th at the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Malaysia.
Pavol Horov Gymnasium
Pavol Horov Grammar School (Slovak: Gymnázium Pavla Horova) is an upper secondary school located in the town of Michalovce in Košice Region, Slovakia. Established in 1922, it is the oldest Slovak Gymnasium east of the Mátra-Slanec Area and is one of two main providers of secondary school education in Michalovce, along with Gymnázium na ulici Ľudovíta Štúra.

Košice Region
The Košice Region (Slovak: Košický kraj, IPA: [ˈkɔʂitskiː ˈkraj]; Hungarian: Kassai kerület; Ukrainian: Кошицький край, romanized: Košyćkyj kraj) is one of the eight Slovak administrative regions. The region was first established in 1923 and its present borders were established in 1996. It consists of 11 districts (okresy) and 440 municipalities, 17 of which have a town status. About one third of the region's population lives in the agglomeration of Košice, which is its main economic and cultural centre.
James Brudenell, 7th Earl of Cardigan
Lieutenant-General James Thomas Brudenell, 7th Earl of Cardigan, KCB (16 October 1797 – 28 March 1868) was a British Army officer who commanded the Light Brigade during the Crimean War, leading its disastrous charge at the Battle of Balaclava. Throughout his life in politics and his long military career, Cardigan characterised the arrogant and extravagant aristocrat of the period. His progression through the British army was marked by many episodes of extraordinary incompetence, but also by generosity to the men under his command and genuine bravery. As a member of the aristocracy, he had actively and steadfastly opposed any political reform in Britain but, in the last year of his life, he relented and came to acknowledge that such reform would bring benefit to all classes of society.

Lieutenant-general (United Kingdom)
Lieutenant general (Lt Gen), formerly more commonly lieutenant-general, is a senior rank in the British Army and the Royal Marines. It is the equivalent of a multinational three-star rank; some British lieutenant generals sometimes wear three-star insignia, in addition to their standard insignia, when on multinational operations.

Lieutenant general is a superior rank to major general, but subordinate to a (full) general. The rank has a NATO rank code of OF-8, equivalent to a vice-admiral in the Royal Navy and an air marshal in the Royal Air Force (RAF) and the air forces of many Commonwealth countries.

The rank insignia for both the Army and the Royal Marines is a crown over a crossed sabre and baton. During the reign of Elizabeth II, the St Edward's Crown, commonly known as the Queen's Crown, was depicted. Before 1953, and again since the accession of Charles III in 2022, the Tudor Crown has been used.
1990s in film
The decade of the 1990s in film involved many significant developments in the industry of cinema. Numerous feature-length movies were specifically filmed and/or edited to be displayed not only on theater screens but also the smaller TV screens, like showing more close-ups and less wide shots during dialogue scenes. Moreover, the home video market grew into being a major factor on the total revenue of a theatrical film, often doubling the amount. An example of both cases is Batman: Mask of the Phantasm, which was initially intended as a direct-to-video release.

Wide shot
In photography, filmmaking and video production, a wide shot (sometimes referred to as a full shot or long shot) is a shot that typically shows the entire object or human figure and is usually intended to place it in some relation to its surroundings. These are typically shot now using wide-angle lenses (an approximately 25 mm lens in 35 mm photography and 10 mm lens in 16 mm photography). However, due to sheer distance, establishing shots and extremely wide shots can use almost any camera type.
Mirza Mahdi al-Shirazi
Grand Ayatollah Mirza Mahdi al-Husayni al-Shirazi (Arabic: مهدي الحسيني الشيرازي; 9 May 1887 –  14 February 1961), also known as Mirza Mahdi al-Shirazi, was a Shia marja. After the death of Abu al-Hasan Esfehani and Hossein Tabatabaei Qomi, Mirza Mahdi was considered to be the highest ranking cleric in Karbala, and one of the highest in Iraq, along with Muhsin al-Hakim and his second cousin once removed, Abd al-Hadi Shirazi in Najaf.

Mirza Mahdi was the Imam of the Imam Husayn Shrine.

Imam Husayn Shrine
The Imam al Husayn Shrine (Arabic: مَقَام الإِمَامُ الْحُسَيْن اِبِنْ عَلي, romanized: Maqām al-ʾImām al-Ḥusayn ʾibn ʿAlī) is the mausoleum of Husayn ibn Ali and Shi'ite mosque, located in the holy city of Karbala, in the Karbala Governorate of Iraq. Husayn was a grandson of Muhammad, and the site is near the place where he embraced martyrdom during the Battle of Karbala in 680 CE. The tomb of Husayn is one of the holiest sites in Shia Islam, outside of Mecca and Medina, and many make pilgrimages to the site. Every year, millions of pilgrims visit the city to observe Ashura, which marks the commemoration of Husayn's death for all Muslims.