hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cortland Red Dragons football
The Cortland Red Dragons football program is the intercollegiate American football team for the State University of New York at Cortland. The team competes in the NCAA Division III, and is a member of the Empire 8. The team plays its home games at James J. Grady '50, M '61 Field at the SUNY Cortland Stadium Complex or Grady Field for short in Cortland, New York. The Red Dragons are led by Tom Blumenauer, who has served as head coach since 2025. The Red Dragons won their first NCAA Division III national championship in 2023.

Empire 8
The Empire 8 (E8) is an intercollegiate athletic conference affiliated with the NCAA's Division III. The E8 sponsors intercollegiate athletic competition in men's baseball, men's and women's basketball, men's and women's cross country, women's field hockey, men's football, men's golf, men's and women's lacrosse, men's and women's soccer, women's softball, men's and women's swimming and diving, men's and women's tennis, men's and women's track and field, and women's volleyball. The E8 shares offices with the United Volleyball Conference, a separate Division III league that competes solely in men's volleyball.
Henry Ernest Tanner
Henry Ernest Tanner (1868 – June 24, 1940) was an English-born farmer and political figure in British Columbia. He represented Saanich in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia from 1903 until his retirement in the 1907 provincial election as a Liberal.

Tanner came to South Saanich by way of California, arriving around 1891. He served as first president of the local Fruit Growers Association and was also an active member of the local temperance society. He died in Victoria at the age of 72.

Saanich (electoral district)
Saanich was a provincial electoral district in British Columbia, Canada. It made its first appearance in the election of 1903 and its last in the general election of 1963 after which it was combined with parts of the former Nanaimo and the Islands riding to form Saanich and the Islands. The same area is currently represented by Saanich North and the Islands and Saanich South.
Qian Yuanguan
Qian Yuanguan (Chinese: 錢元瓘) (30 November 887 – 17 September 941), born Qian Chuanguan (錢傳瓘), also known by his temple name as the King Shizong of Wuyue (吳越世宗), courtesy name Mingbao (明寶), was the second king of Wuyue during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period of China. He ascended to the throne in 932, when his father Qian Liu (King Taizu) left the state in his hands, to 941. He was the father to all three of Wuyue's subsequent kings.

Chinese sovereign
The Chinese sovereign was the ruler of a particular monarchical regime in the historical periods of ancient China and imperial China. Sovereigns ruling the same regime, and descended from the same paternal line, constituted a dynasty. Several titles and naming schemes have been used throughout Chinese history.
Olaf Baloyi
Olaf Baloyi is a South African politician and civil servant. He represented the Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) in the National Assembly from 2001 to 2002, serving the KwaZulu-Natal constituency. Thereafter he was a member of the KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Legislature from 2002 to 2004.

KwaZulu-Natal Legislature
The KwaZulu-Natal Legislature is the primary legislative body of the South African province of KwaZulu-Natal. It is unicameral in its composition and elects the premier and the provincial cabinet from among the leading party or coalition members in the parliament. Thami Ntuli of the Inkatha Freedom Party was elected Premier of KwaZulu-Natal at the first sitting of the provincial legislature on 14 June 2024.
Rahelty, County Kilkenny
Rahelty (Irish: Ráth-eilte) is a townland of 298 acres in the civil parish of Ballinamara in the barony of Cranagh in County Kilkenny, Ireland.

It is located a few miles to the north-west of Kilkenny City.

County Kilkenny
County Kilkenny (Irish: Contae Chill Chainnigh) is a county in Ireland. It is in the province of Leinster and is part of the Southern Region. It is named after the city of Kilkenny. Kilkenny County Council is the local authority for the county. At the 2022 census the population of the county was 103,685. The county was based on the historic Gaelic kingdom of Ossory (Osraighe), which was coterminous with the Diocese of Ossory.
Adobe Type Manager
Adobe Type Manager (ATM) was the name of a family of computer programs created and marketed by Adobe Systems for use with their PostScript Type 1 fonts.  The last release was Adobe ATM Light 4.1.2, per Adobe's FTP (at the time).

Modern operating systems such as Windows and MacOS have built-in support for PostScript fonts, eliminating the need for Adobe's 3rd party utility.

SoftMaker
SoftMaker Software GmbH is a German software company based in Nuremberg that produces office productivity software and digital fonts. SoftMaker was founded in 1987 by Martin Kotulla. Best known in Germany and the EU, SoftMaker is offering its software worldwide.

Students, teachers, schools, and universities can purchase SoftMaker Office for a lower price, part of SoftMaker's academic sales program. Additionally, a free version named FreeOffice is available to all.
Hans Fischerkoesen
Hans Fischerkoesen, also known as Hans Fischerkösen or Hans Fischer (18 May 1896 – 23 April 1973) was a German commercial animator. Fischerkoesen is considered an animation pioneer, due to the inventions and innovations he applied to animation technology, especially the use of three-dimensional elements in his animations. Later he becomes Germany's most influential cartoonist, often nicknamed “Germany’s Walt Disney” alongside Rolf Kauka. He won both first and second prizes at a Dutch-sponsored international competition in 1937, for advertising films (the runners up included George Pal and Alexander Alexeieff ). By 1956 he had won major prizes at commercial film festivals in Rome, Milan (three times), Venice, Monte Carlo and Cannes.  Most notable was the participation in the 1st Berlin International Film Festival, where Fischerkoesen's film Blick ins Paradies won the Bronze Medal (Advertising Film) award.

Reich Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda
The Reich Ministry for Public Enlightenment and Propaganda (Reichsministerium für Volksaufklärung und Propaganda, RMVP), also known simply as the Ministry of Propaganda (Propagandaministerium), controlled the content of the press, literature, visual arts, film, theater, music and radio in Nazi Germany.

The ministry was created as the central institution of Nazi propaganda shortly after the party's national seizure of power in January 1933. In the Hitler cabinet, it was headed by Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels, who exercised control over all German mass media and creative artists through his ministry and the Reich Chamber of Culture (Reichskulturkammer), which was established in the fall of 1933. It was abolished by the Flensburg Government on 5 May 1945.
Fustereau
A fustereau (or fûtreau as in current French) is a small light flat-bottomed boat traditional of the Loire Valley, in France.

This kind of boat can be equipped with a square sail or not (if so, just like weidlings on the Rhine river), depending on the wanted usage. Typically, fustereaus are around 10m-long.

Historically, such riverboats have been used by fishermen, travelers, and local inhabitants for a long time. Nowadays, they are still used for crossing from one bank to the other, or for tourism.

Loire Valley
The Loire Valley (French: Vallée de la Loire, pronounced [vale də la lwaʁ]), spanning 280 kilometres (170 mi), is a valley located in the middle stretch of the Loire river in central France, in both the administrative regions Pays de la Loire and Centre-Val de Loire. The area of the Loire Valley comprises about 800 square kilometres (310 sq mi). It is referred to as the Cradle of the French and the Garden of France due to the abundance of vineyards, fruit orchards (such as cherries), and artichoke and asparagus fields, which line the banks of the river. Notable for its historic towns, architecture, and wines, the valley has been inhabited since the Middle Palaeolithic period. In 2000, UNESCO added the central part of the Loire River valley to its list of World Heritage Sites.
Pterodaustro
Pterodaustro (from Greek pteron, 'wing' and Latin auster, 'south') is a genus of ctenochasmatid pterodactyloid pterosaur from South America. Its fossil remains dated back to the Early Cretaceous period, about 105 million years ago.

José Bonaparte
José Fernando Bonaparte (14 June 1928–18 February 2020) was an Argentine paleontologist who discovered a plethora of South American dinosaurs and mentored a new generation of Argentine paleontologists. He has been described by paleontologist Peter Dodson as "almost singlehandedly...responsible for Argentina becoming the sixth country in the world in kinds of dinosaurs."
Archeological Site No. 143-15
Archeological Site No. 143-15 is a historic site in Ripogenus, Maine.  It is part of the Penobscot Headwater Lakes Prehistoric Sites and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 31, 1995.

Ripogenus Gorge
Ripogenus Gorge is a rock-walled canyon formed in Maine where the West Branch Penobscot River intersects the Caribou Lake anticline. Ripogenus Falls controlled discharge from Ripogenus Lake until Ripogenus Dam was completed at the upstream end of the gorge in 1916. The dam forms a hydroelectric reservoir raising the level of Ripogenus Lake to include the upstream Chesuncook Lake, Caribou Lake, and Moose Pond. This reservoir is commonly referred to by the name of its largest included lake, Chesuncook. The gorge provides an unusual exposure of North Maine Woods bedrock typically covered by saturated glacial till. The Silurian Ripogenus Formation of weakly metamorphosed shallow marine siliciclastics and fossiliferous limestone, has been described from investigation of the gorge.
1969 NCAA Men's Basketball All-Americans
The consensus 1969 College Basketball All-American team, as determined by aggregating the results of four major All-American teams.  To earn "consensus" status, a player must win honors from a majority of the following teams: the Associated Press, the USBWA, The United Press International and the National Association of Basketball Coaches.

U.S. Basketball Writers Association
The United States Basketball Writers Association (USBWA) was founded in 1956 with the urging of National Collegiate Athletic Association director Walter Byers to serve the interests of journalists who cover college basketball.
Caldillo de congrio
Caldillo de congrio (Spanish for cusk-eel stock) is a Chilean fish soup. The dish is made of congrio dorado (pink cusk-eel) or congrio colorado (red cusk-eel), cusk-eel species common in the Chilean Sea. The dish is made by boiling together fish heads, onion, garlic, coriander, carrots, and pepper. Once these are boiled, only the stock is used. Onion and garlic are fried together with chopped tomatoes. The vegetables are mixed then with the stock, cream, boiled potatoes, and marinated and boiled conger.

Chilean literature Nobel laureate Pablo Neruda wrote an ode to caldillo de congrio called Oda al Caldillo de Congrio. The Communist Party of Chile has a tradition of serving the Chilean press and media caldillo de congrio at an annual event at which important announcements are made regarding the current year.

Communist Party of Chile
The Communist Party of Chile (Spanish: Partido Comunista de Chile, PCCh) is a communist party in Chile. It was founded in 1912 as the Socialist Workers' Party (Partido Obrero Socialista) and adopted its current name in 1922. The party established a youth wing, the Communist Youth of Chile (Juventudes Comunistas de Chile, JJ.CC), in 1932.
Al-Maamora Forest
Al-Mamoura Forest in Morocco is the largest Quercus suber forest in the world, with an area of 130,000 hectares. It is situated on the Atlantic coast between the cities of Rabat and Kenitra and is primarily composed of four tree species: Quercus suber, eucalyptus, pinales, and acacias. The forest is home to a diverse array of plant species and serves as a vital habitat for numerous animal species. However, the ecological balance of the forest is threatened by overgrazing and logging activities. The expansion of urban and agricultural areas is placing increasing pressure on the forest, leading to a reduction in its area. In response, the authorities issued a real estate map in 2008, clearly defining the boundaries of the forest to deter any attempts to seize or illegally own it.

Overgrazing
Overgrazing occurs when plants are exposed to intensive grazing for extended periods of time, or without sufficient recovery periods. It can be caused by either livestock in poorly managed agricultural applications, game reserves, or nature reserves. It can also be caused by immobile, travel restricted populations of native or non-native wild animals.

Overgrazing reduces the usefulness, productivity and biodiversity of the land and is one cause of desertification and erosion. Overgrazing is also seen as a cause of the spread of invasive species of non-native plants and of weeds. Degrading land, emissions from animal agriculture and reducing the biomass in a ecosystem contribute directly to climate change between grazing events.
Charlie Morrow
Charlie Morrow (born Charles Morrow, February 9, 1942) is an American sound artist, composer, conceptualist, and performer. His creative projects have included chanting and healing works, museum and gallery installations, large-scale festival events, radio and TV broadcasts, film soundtracks, commercial sound design, and advertising jingles.

Conceptualism
In metaphysics, conceptualism is a theory that explains universality of particulars as conceptualized frameworks situated within the thinking mind. Intermediate between nominalism and realism, the conceptualist view approaches the metaphysical concept of universals from a perspective that denies their presence in particulars outside the mind's perception of them. Conceptualism is anti-realist about abstract objects, just like immanent realism is (their difference being that immanent realism accepts there are mind-independent facts about whether universals are instantiated).
Benny Emmanuel
Benny Emmanuel Mendoza Yirene (born 17 December 1996) is a Mexican actor and singer. He gained recognitionfor playing "Beto", in the series La CQ (2012–14). He joined the sitcom Como dice el dicho in 2015, playing Pato. In 2019 and 2021, he starred in the films Chicuarotes and Cosas Imposibles, which earned him nominations for Best Actor at the prestigious Ariel Awards. Since 2014, Emmanuel has voiced Leo San Juan in the animated film franchise Leyendas.

Como dice el dicho
Como dice el dicho (translation: As the saying goes) is a Mexican anthology drama series produced by Genoveva Martínez for Televisa. The series premiered on 1 February 2011, on Las Estrellas.

The series covers a variety of stories in which a proverb (usually of Mexican origin) is selected for each episode and applied to real-life situations such as family violence, economic crisis, personal growth, the dignity of women, homosexuality, and drug addiction, among others.

In November 2024, the series was canceled after fourteen seasons. The last episode aired on 31 January 2025.
Mortar (weapon)
A mortar today is usually a simple, lightweight, man-portable, muzzle-loaded cannon consisting of a smooth-bore (although some models use a rifled barrel) metal tube fixed to a base plate (to spread out the recoil) with a lightweight bipod mount and a sight. Mortars are typically used as indirect fire weapons for close fire support with a variety of ammunition. Historically, mortars were heavy siege artillery. Mortars launch explosive shells (technically called bombs) in high arching ballistic trajectories.

Recoil
Recoil (often called knockback, kickback or simply kick) is the rearward thrust generated when a gun is being discharged. In technical terms, the recoil is a result of conservation of momentum, for according to Newton's third law the force required to accelerate something will evoke an equal but opposite reactional force, which means the forward momentum gained by the projectile and exhaust gases (ejectae) will be mathematically balanced out by an equal and opposite impulse exerted back upon the gun.
Tututni language
Tututni (Dotodəni, alternatively Tutudin tu-tu-DE-NE), also known as Upper Coquille, (Lower) Rogue River and Nuu-wee-ya, is an Athabaskan language spoken by three Tututni (Lower Rogue River Athabaskan) tribes: the Tututni tribe (including Euchre Creek band), the Coquille tribe, and the Chasta Costa tribe, who are part of the Rogue River Indian peoples of southwestern Oregon.  In 2006 students at Linfield College participated in a project to "revitalize the language." It is one of the four languages belonging to the Oregon Athabaskan cluster of the Pacific Coast Athabaskan languages.

Dialects were Coquille (Upper Coquille, Mishikhwutmetunee), spoken along the upper Coquille River; Tututni (Tututunne, Naltunnetunne, Mikonotunne, Kwatami, Chemetunne, Chetleshin, Khwaishtunnetunnne); Euchre Creek, and Chasta Costa (Illinois River, Šista Qʼʷə́sta).

Linfield University
Linfield University is a private liberal arts college with campuses in McMinnville, and Portland, Oregon. Linfield Wildcats athletics participate in the NCAA Division III Northwest Conference. Linfield reported a total of 1,755 students after the fall 2022 census date. The institution officially changed its name from Linfield College to Linfield University in 2020.
CKPC-FM
CKPC-FM (92.1 FM, Lite 92) is a commercial radio station in Brantford, Ontario. Owned by Evanov Communications, it broadcasts a soft adult contemporary format, branded as "Southern Ontario's Favourites". The studios are on West Street at Harris Avenue in Brantford.

CKPC-FM is a Class C1 FM station.  It has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 80,000 watts, covering not just the Waterloo Region of Southern Ontario but also the Hamilton and Niagara Regions.  The transmitter is off McLean School Road near Ontario Highway 24, north of Brantford.

Regional Municipality of Waterloo
The Regional Municipality of Waterloo (Waterloo Region or Region of Waterloo) is a metropolitan area of Southern Ontario, Canada. It contains the cities of Cambridge, Kitchener and Waterloo (KWC or Tri-Cities), and the townships of North Dumfries, Wellesley, Wilmot and Woolwich. Kitchener, the largest city, is the seat of government.

The region is 1,370 square kilometres (530 sq mi) in area, with a population of 587,165 as of the 2021 Canada census, though an end of 2023 estimate puts the population above 673,910 people. Waterloo Region forms the tenth-largest metropolitan area in Canada, with recent population growth almost entirely fuelled by international students.

The region was formerly called Waterloo County, created in 1853 and dissolved in 1973. The county consisted of five townships: North Dumfries, Waterloo, Wellesley, Wilmot, and Woolwich.
Second-system effect
The second-system effect (also second-system syndrome) is the tendency for a successful first system (often small and relatively elegant) to be followed by a second system that becomes over-engineered or bloated. The effect is commonly attributed to increased confidence after the first success and to accumulated ideas that were deferred from the first system and then added en masse to the second.

Brooks introduced the phrase in The Mythical Man-Month (1975) while describing IBM's transition from relatively simple operating systems for the IBM 700/7000 series to the much more ambitious OS/360 for the IBM System/360 family (announced in 1964).

OS/360 and successors
OS/360, officially known as IBM System/360 Operating System, is a discontinued batch processing operating system developed by IBM for their then-new System/360 mainframe computer, announced in 1964; it was influenced by the earlier IBSYS/IBJOB and Input/Output Control System (IOCS) packages for the IBM 7090/7094 and even more so by the PR155 Operating System for the IBM 1410/7010 processors. It was one of the earliest operating systems to require the computer hardware to include at least one direct access storage device.

Although OS/360 itself was discontinued, successor operating systems, including the virtual storage MVS and the 64-bit z/OS, are still run as of 2023 and maintain application-level compatibility with OS/360.
Garden 5
Garden 5 (Korean: 가든파이브) is one of South Korea's largest cultural centers and shopping malls. As the nation's largest specialized mall, omnidirectional marketing attempts to establish Garden 5 as a fusion distribution complex.

It was built as a migrant store for Cheonggyecheon merchants for the restoration work of Cheonggyecheon. It claims to be the largest distribution and logistics complex in Asia with 1.3 trillion invested. Although tenants arrived began in 2008, it was not officially opened until 2010 due to high pre-sale prices and low pre-sale rates.

Garden 5 is served by Jangji station on line 8 of the Seoul Subway. In the early days, the high vacancy rate led it to be stigmatized as a 'ghost mall'. It was used as one of the movie lots for the movie Take Off.

Take Off (2009 film)
Take Off (Korean: 국가대표; lit. National Representative) is a 2009 South Korean sports drama film written and directed by Kim Yong-hwa. It follows a group of misfit athletes who form Korea’s first national ski jumping team to compete in the 1998 Winter Olympics. The film was the 2nd most attended film of the year in South Korea with 8,392,953 admissions. Critics noted its blend of sports drama, comedy, and themes of national belonging, particularly in its portrayal of the protagonist, an adoptee navigating identity and family. Scholars and journalists have noted similarities between the characters and the real first Korean ski jumpers for the national team, whose stories were not widely known until after the film’s success.
South Renovo, Pennsylvania
South Renovo is a borough in Clinton County, Pennsylvania, United States, located on the West Branch Susquehanna River, directly across from Renovo. As of the 2020 census, South Renovo had a population of 411.

Historically, the economy of the area was based on lumbering, but when the mountains of the region had been stripped of their first-growth forest, the industry collapsed. There are also deposits of bituminous coal and fire clay in the region.

Today, the area largely consists of state land in the form of state forests, state parks and game lands. The region is known as the Pennsylvania Wilds.

Fire clay
Fire clay is a range of refractory clays used in the manufacture of ceramics, especially fire brick. The United States Environmental Protection Agency defines fire clay very generally as a "mineral aggregate composed of hydrous silicates of aluminium (Al2O3·2SiO2·2H2O) with or without free silica."