hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pirotehnia Armatei
Pirotehnia Armatei (or the Army Pyrotechnics in English) was the munitions factory of the Romanian Army. It was founded in Bucharest on 23 November 1861. In 1939 it was moved to Sadu (Bumbești-Jiu) where it continued to work as Pirotehnia Armatei Sadu until 1948. Today the factory is known as the Sadu Mechanical Plant. The former factory from Bucharest was eventually transformed into the "9 May" Plant in 1950, and was demolished in 2009.

The headstamp of the factory was "PA", though many variations such as "PAB", "PAF", "PAH", "PAM", and "PAR" also existed.

Headstamp
A headstamp is the markings on the bottom of a cartridge case designed for a firearm. It usually tells who manufactured the case. If it is a civilian case it often also tells the caliber: if it is military, the year of manufacture is often added.

The headstamp is punched into the base of the cartridge during manufacture.  A resource for identifying where the ammunition originated can be found at Cartridge Collectors.
1892–93 French Rugby Union Championship
The 1892–93 French Rugby Championship was the second edition of the annual French rugby union championship under the auspices of the USFSA, a one off game between Racing Club de France and Stade Français. Stade Français defeated Racing Club de France in the final to win the Bouclier de Brennus.

The tournament was played by five clubs, with a preliminary round, semifinals and final.

Bouclier de Brennus
The Bouclier de Brennus (French pronunciation: [buklie də bʁenys]), or Brennus Shield in English, is a trophy awarded annually to the French rugby union club that wins the domestic league.

The shield was not named, as it is often believed, after the famous Gallic warrior Brennus but rather artist Charles Brennus, co-founder of the Union des sociétés françaises de sports athlétiques (USFSA), the original governing body of rugby union in France. Charles Brennus sculpted the shield himself in 1892, based on an original design from his friend and fellow USFSA co-founder Pierre de Coubertin, the man who founded the modern Olympic Games.

Standing 1 metre (3.3 ft) high, 75 centimetres (2.46 ft) wide and weighing around 20 kilograms (44 lb), the trophy consists of a brass shield and plaque both fixed on a wooden support made of ash. An integral part of French sporting folklore, the Brennus Shield is one of the most recognisable trophies in France.
Huara
Huara is a Chilean town and commune in Tamarugal Province, Tarapacá Region. It is located 45 km (28 mi) or (75 km (47 mi) by road) northeast of Iquique. The village is crossed by the Pan-American Highway and is the crossing point for the road that goes to Oruro in Bolivia. This road also serves as access to the Atacama Giant site and the  Volcán Isluga National Park.

The commune also comprises the Pisagua and Tarapacá hamlets.

Huara was badly damaged during an earthquake in 2005.

Oruro
Oruro (Hispanicized spelling) or Uru Uru is a city in Bolivia with a population of 264,683 (2012 calculation), about halfway between La Paz and Sucre in the Altiplano, approximately 3,709 meters (12,169 ft) above sea level.

It is Bolivia's fifth-largest city by population, after Santa Cruz de la Sierra, El Alto, La Paz, and Cochabamba. It is the capital of the Department of Oruro and the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Oruro. Oruro has been subject to cycles of boom and bust owing to its dependence on the mining industry, notably tin, tungsten, silver and copper.
Unity Environmental University
Unity Environmental University (formerly Unity College) is a private university in New Gloucester, Maine, United States. It offers in-person and online associate, baccalaureate, and master's degree programs on sustainability and environmental science. Unity is accredited by the New England Commission of Higher Education and is classified among "M3: Master’s Colleges and Universities – Small programs".

Initially founded as a residential institute in Unity, Maine, the university expanded into online education in 2016 which grew both its enrollment and number of academic programs. The university moved its online program to the Pineland Farms campus in New Gloucester in 2019 and later relocated their administrative headquarters there. It also operates a farm and indoor growing facility in Thorndike and an outdoor center in Moose River.

New England Commission of Higher Education
The New England Commission of Higher Education (NECHE) is a voluntary, peer-based, non-profit membership organization that performs peer evaluation and accreditation of public and private universities and colleges in the United States and other countries. Until federal regulations changed on July 1, 2020, it was one of the seven regional accreditation organizations dating back 130 years. NECHE then became an institutional accreditor recognized by the United States Department of Education and the Council for Higher Education Accreditation.

Its headquarters are in Wakefield, Massachusetts. NECHE accredits over 200 institutions primarily in Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont.
Damodar Rawat
Damodar Rawat is an Indian politician. He was elected to the Bihar Legislative Assembly from Jhajha constituency in Bihar in the 2010 Bihar Legislative Assembly election as a member of the Janata Dal (United).

2010 Bihar Legislative Assembly election
The Bihar legislative assembly election, 2010 was held in six phases over a period of one month starting from 21 October until 20 November in all 243 constituencies of Bihar, India. The election is conducted to elect the government in Bihar for a five-year term. The votes were scheduled to be counted on 24 November.
Veronica Ljosnes
Mako Veronica Ljosnes (born November 20, 1988, in Oslo, Norway), is a Norwegian circus performer, currently working as an entertainer in Las Vegas, Nevada.

Ljosnes has worked in circuses all over Europe since she was a child, known as the circus artist from Norway, performing in Cirkus Agora as an aerialist and contortionist. She is known from the TV program America's Got Talent and several big events and concerts, as well as from the TV program Norway's Got Talent Miss Norway contest. Ljosnes also performed for the King and the Queen of Norway.

Ljosnes moved to Hollywood, got a part in the movie The Cloth, and is a model and actress while still performing as a contortionist.

Acrobatics
Acrobatics (from Ancient Greek  ἀκροβατέω (akrobatéō) 'walk on tiptoe, strut') is the performance of human feats of balance, agility, and motor coordination. Acrobatic skills are used in performing arts, sporting events, and martial arts. Extensive use of acrobatic skills are most often performed in acro dance, circus, gymnastics, and freerunning and to a lesser extent in other athletic activities including ballet, slacklining and diving. Although acrobatics is most commonly associated with human body performance, the term is used to describe other types of performance, such as aerobatics.
Nike Smoke
The Nike Smoke was a sounding rocket, part of a research project on the behavior of the horizontal winds in the upper atmosphere, developed by NASA in the 1960s based on the Nike booster. The goal was to obtain more accurate data on the behavior of these winds in order to guide the design of new vehicles particularly the Saturn family of vehicles.

Nike Smoke used the release of titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) at altitude to create a smoke trail at altitude. The release created a white smoke trail which was then photographed from two cameras situated 10–12 miles from the launch site and 90 degrees apart. Comparison of the photographs allowed winds aloft to be calculated in both direction and velocity.

Winds aloft
Winds aloft, officially known as the winds and temperatures aloft forecast, (known as "FD" in the US and Canada, but becoming known as "FB", following the World Meteorological Organization [WMO] nomenclature), is a forecast of specific atmospheric conditions in terms of wind and temperature at certain altitudes, typically measured in feet (ft) above mean sea level (MSL). The forecast is specifically used for aviation purposes.
Helge Nordahl
Helge Nordahl (12 January 1927 – 31 March 2018) was a Norwegian philologist.

Nordahl graduated from the University of Oslo in 1953 with the cand.philol. degree in French. He was a part-time teacher at Oslo Cathedral School from 1954 to 1956, teacher at Trondheim Cathedral School from 1956 to 1963, lecturer at the University of Bergen from 1963 to 1970, docent at the University of Oslo from 1970 to 1972 and professor of Romance languages at the University of Oslo from 1972 to 1996.

Nordahl took the dr.philos. degree in 1969 with the thesis Les systèmes du subjonctif corrélatif: étude sur l'emploi des modes dans la subordonnée complétive en français moderne. He was a member of the Norwegian Academy for Language and Literature, and served as its praeses from 1988 to 1995. He resided at Gjettum. He died at age 91.

Oslo Cathedral School
Schola Osloensis, known in Norwegian as Oslo Katedralskole (Oslo Cathedral School) and more commonly as "Katta", is a selective upper secondary school located in Oslo, Norway.

The school offers the college preparatory Studiespesialisering (literal translation: specialization for studies) of the Norwegian school system. It is one of four schools in Norway that can trace its origins directly to the Middle Ages and is generally regarded as one of the country's most prestigious schools, which celebrated its 850th anniversary in 2003.

The school's motto is the Latin phrase Non scholae, sed vitae discimus which translates to "We do not learn for the sake of the school, but for the sake of life".
Hannu Mäkirinta
Hannu Mäkirinta (30 April 1949 – 17 February 1989) was a Finnish orienteering competitor. At the 1974 World Orienteering Championships in Silkeborg he finished 16th in the individual event, and received a silver medal in the relay with the Finnish team. In 1976 he finished 15th in the individual event, and received a bronze in the relay. He won the 1975 Jukola relay.

Orienteering
Orienteering is a group of sports in which participants use a map and compass to navigate from point to point in unfamiliar terrain as quickly as possible.

The sport originated from military land-navigation training in the late 19th century. It has since evolved into several competitive forms where participants race against the clock and other competitors while navigating through checkpoints. Variants include automobile, underwater, mountain bike, ski, and trail orienteering. The most common form is foot orienteering, also known as FootO.

In formal foot-orienteering competitions, participants are given a specially prepared orienteering map, usually topographical, which they use to locate control points.

Orienteering is part of the World Games and the World Police and Fire Games.
UC Irvine School of Medicine
The University of California, Irvine School of Medicine (with the affiliated healthcare system branded as UC Irvine Health) is the medical school of University of California, Irvine, located in Irvine, California. It is accredited by the Liaison Committee on Medical Education.

The school owns UC Irvine Medical Center and is affiliated with the Children's Hospital of Orange County.

Of the medical schools evaluated for its 2024 edition, U.S. News & World Report ranked the school No. 44 (tie) in Best Medical Schools: Research and No. 67 (tie) in Best Medical Schools: Primary Care. The school was founded in 1896 by A.C. Moore and is the oldest continually operating medical school in the greater Los Angeles area.

Liaison Committee on Medical Education
The Liaison Committee on Medical Education (LCME) is an accrediting body for educational programs at schools of medicine in the United States and Canada. The LCME is sponsored by the Association of American Medical Colleges and the American Medical Association.

The committee publishes many guides and standards, including the Directory of Accredited Medical Education Programs. The LCME currently accredits 155 U.S. schools, which includes 4 in Puerto Rico, as well as 17 others in Canada. The LCME accredits the schools that grant a Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) degree. Graduates of LCME-accredited schools are eligible for residency programs accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME).
The White Fathers Mission in Uganda
The pioneer White Fathers were affiliated to the Catholic Missionary Society of White Fathers which is also known as Religious Institute of the Missionaries of Africa. They arrived in Algiers in February 1874. They started their journey to  Equatorial Africa (victoria Nyanza region) on 15 November 1878. They spent 10 months on their journey in which 2 months were spent in a boat from Algiers to Bagamoyo and the other 8 months on foot from Bagamoyo to Kigungu.

Kilungutwe village
2°53′18″S 28°34′23″E﻿ / ﻿2.88833°S 28.57306°E﻿ / -2.88833; 28.57306

Kilungutwe is a small village in the Luindi Chiefdom, located in the valley of the Kilungutwe River in the Mwenga Territory of the South Kivu Province. Situated in the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Kilungutwe is positioned nearby the neighboring villages of Kirukungutu and Chowe. The region is a melting pot for many ethnic groups, boasting a diverse ethnocultural landscape. It is also a point of confluence for numerous ethnic groups, including the Lega, Nyindu, Shi, Fuliiru, Holoholo, Bwari, Vira, Hunde, Nyanga, Bembe, and Amba people.

Kilungutwe has been the site of violence for nearly three decades due to its proximity along the route to a nearby gold mine. In the First and Second Congo Wars, the region experienced a surge in armed conflicts that resulted in displacement, loss of lives, and property damage.
NGC 4790
NGC 4790 is a barred spiral galaxy located in the constellation of Virgo. Its velocity with respect to the cosmic microwave background is 1679 ± 24 km/s, which corresponds to a Hubble distance of 80.8 ± 5.8 Mly (24.76 ± 1.77 Mpc) away from the Solar System. In addition, six non-redshift measurements give a distance of 74.75 ± 4.07 Mly (22.917 ± 1.249 Mpc). NGC 4790 was discovered on 25 March 1786 by German-British astronomer William Herschel.

NGC 4790 is a member of the NGC 4699 Group (also known as LGG 307) of galaxies, which is a member of the Virgo II Groups, a series of galaxies and galaxy clusters strung out from the southern edge of the Virgo Supercluster.

One supernova has been observed in NGC 4790. SN 2012au (type Ib, mag. 13.8) was discovered by the Catalina Sky Survey on 14 March 2012. This supernova later produced evidence of a pulsar wind nebula which appears to be expanding outward at approximately 2300 km/s.

Type Ib and Ic supernovae
Type Ib and Type Ic supernovae are categories of supernovae that are caused by the stellar core collapse of massive  stars. These stars have shed or been stripped of their outer envelope of hydrogen, and, when compared to the spectrum of Type Ia supernovae, they lack the absorption line of silicon. Compared to Type Ib, Type Ic supernovae are hypothesized to have lost more of their initial envelope, including most of their helium.
El Poblenou
El Poblenou (Catalan for 'new village'; Catalan pronunciation: [əl ˌpɔbːləˈnɔw]) is an extensive neighborhood of Barcelona’s Sant Martí district that borders the Mediterranean Sea to the south, Sant Adrià del Besòs to the east, Parc de la Ciutadella in  Ciutat Vella to the west, and Sant Andreu to the north. Originally,  it was a town entirely separate from Barcelona proper.

Sant Andreu
Sant Andreu (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈsant ənˈdɾew], in spanish: San Andrés) is one of the ten districts of Barcelona since its redistricting in 1984. It was named after the former municipality of Sant Andreu de Palomar, which was the largest in the area and now makes up the bulk of the neighbourhood bearing its name, as well as part of the neighboring district of Nou Barris.

Its size is 653 ha. (third district in size) and it had 142,598 inhabitants in 2005. It is in the northern part of the city, bordering the river Besòs, two adjacent towns in the metropolitan area, Sant Adrià de Besòs and Santa Coloma de Gramenet, and three other districts of Barcelona: Nou Barris, Horta-Guinardó and Sant Martí.
David Cain (professor)
David William Cain (November 5, 1941 - July 31, 2021) was a professor emeritus of religion at the University of Mary Washington and past president of the Søren Kierkegaard Society of North America. He chaired plenary sessions on and authored books about Søren Kierkegaard.  He lectured in Christian theology and edited, compiled, and preserved the work of the late Harvard theologian Arthur Chute McGill, three volumes of which are available in new editions. He was also an ordained minister of the United Church of Christ. On July 31, 2021, David William Cain died at the age of 79 after a lengthy illness.

Søren Kierkegaard Society
The Søren Kierkegaard Society (U.S.A.) is a philosophical society whose purpose is to promote the study of the philosophy and theology of Søren Kierkegaard in the United States. The society is affiliated with both the American Academy of Religion and the American Philosophical Association. They often present papers at the AAR annual conference.
Como Así
"Como Así"  (English: "How So?" or "What Do You Mean?") is a song by Argentine singer Lali featuring boyband CNCO, released as the second single from her fourth studio album, Libra (2020). Written by Lali, Brasa, Yoel Henriquez, Pablo Preciado, along with its producers Jowan Espinosa and Rolo, the song was released on November 8, 2019 through Sony Music Argentina.

The song was voted Best Latin Collaboration of 2019 by Billboard readers.

Sony Music Latin
Sony Music Entertainment US Latin LLC (often referred to as Sony Music Latin) is an American record label owned by Sony Music. The label focuses on artists of Latin music. Sony Latin was also a division of the Sony Discos label.
Dehydration reaction
In chemistry, a dehydration reaction is a chemical reaction that involves the loss of an H2O from the reacting molecule(s) or ion(s). This reaction results in the release of the H2O as water. When the reaction involves the coupling of two molecules into a single molecule it is referred to as a condensation reaction. Dehydration reactions are common processes in the manufacture of chemical compounds as well as naturally occurring within living organisms.

The reverse of a dehydration reaction is called a hydration reaction. The reverse of a condensation reaction yielding water is called hydrolysis.

Hydration reaction
In chemistry, a hydration reaction is a chemical reaction in which a substance combines with water. In organic chemistry, water is added to an unsaturated substrate, which is usually an alkene or an alkyne. This type of reaction is employed industrially to produce ethanol, isopropanol, and butan-2-ol.
A. Welford Castleman Jr.
Albert Welford Castleman Jr. (January 7, 1936 – February 28, 2017) was an American physicist and chemist who was the Eberly Family Distinguished Chair of Science at Eberly College of Science, Pennsylvania State University. He was elected member of the National Academy of Sciences and fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, both in 1998. In 2010, Castleman was awarded the  Irving Langmuir Award.

Eberly College of Science
The Eberly College of Science is the science college of Pennsylvania State University in University Park, Pennsylvania. It was founded in 1859 by Jacob S. Whitman, professor of natural science. The College offers baccalaureate, master's, and doctoral degree programs in the basic sciences. It was named after Robert E. Eberly.
Annie Foreman-Mackey
Annie Foreman-Mackey (born 25 June 1991) is a Canadian professional racing cyclist. She won the bronze medal in the women's individual pursuit event at the 2016 UCI Track Cycling World Championships. She qualified to represent Canada at the 2020 Summer Olympics. In 2022, she officially retired from cycling.

2016 UCI Track Cycling World Championships
The 2016 UCI Track Cycling World Championships were the World Championships for track cycling in 2016. They took place in London in the Lee Valley VeloPark from 2–6 March 2016.

As the last major track cycling event prior to the 2016 Summer Olympics, the championships were particularly important for cyclists and national teams aiming to qualify for the track cycling competitions at Rio 2016. Hosts Great Britain finished top of the medals table with five gold, one silver and three bronze medals.
Ouachita Baptist Tigers
The Ouachita Baptist Tigers are composed of 16 teams representing Ouachita Baptist University in intercollegiate athletics, including men and women's basketball, golf, soccer, swimming, and tennis. Men's sports include baseball, football, and wrestling. Women's sports include volleyball, cross country, and softball. The Tigers compete in the NCAA Division II and are members of the Great American Conference. The wrestling team competes as a single-sport member of the Great Lakes Valley Conference. The men's and women's swimming teams compete in the New South Intercollegiate Swim Conference.

Ouachita Baptist University
Ouachita Baptist University (OBU) (/ˈwɑːʃɪtɑː/ WAH-shi-tah) is a private Christian university in Arkadelphia, Arkansas. It is affiliated with the Arkansas Baptist State Convention, a state convention affiliated with the Southern Baptist Convention. The university's name is taken from the Ouachita River, which forms the eastern campus boundary.
Nuestra Belleza Baja California Sur 2010
Nuestra Belleza Baja California  Sur 2010, was a pageant held at the Balneario El Coromuel in La Paz, Baja California Sur on May 21, 2010. At the conclusion of the final night of competition, Karen Higuera of San Antonio was crowned the winner. Higuera was crowned by outgoing Nuestra Belleza Baja California Sur titleholder, Giovanna Martínez. Twelve contestants competed for the state title.

The pageant was hosted by Nuestra Belleza México 2007 Elisa Najera and René Strickler.

Elisa Nájera
Elisa Nájera Gualito (born August 16, 1986, in Celaya, Guanajuato) is a Mexican TV host, model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Nuestra Belleza México on October 5, 2007, in Manzanillo, Colima.
Ovington, County Durham
Ovington is a village and civil parish in County Durham, England. Situated 8 miles (13 km) east of Barnard Castle. Lying within the historic boundaries of the North Riding of Yorkshire, the village along with the rest of the former Startforth Rural District has been administered with County Durham since 1 April 1974, under the provisions of the Local Government Act 1972.

Barnard Castle
Barnard Castle (/ˈbɑːnəd/, BAR-nəd) is a market town on the north bank of the River Tees, in County Durham, England. The town is named after and built around a ruined medieval castle. The town's Bowes Museum has an 18th-century Silver Swan automaton exhibit and paintings by Goya and El Greco.

Barnard Castle is on the left bank of the River Tees, opposite to Startforth, and is 21 miles (34 km) south-west of the county town of Durham. Nearby towns include Bishop Auckland to the north-east, Darlington to the east and Richmond to the south-east. The largest employer is GlaxoSmithKline, with a manufacturing facility on the town's outskirts.
Christopher Sabec
Christopher Sabec is an entertainment attorney, manager, and entrepreneur who has worked with Dave Matthews Band, Hanson, the Jerry Garcia Estate and Tea Leaf Green. Sabec is also the co-founder and CEO of Rightscorp, Inc., the copyright monetization company.

Tea Leaf Green
Tea Leaf Green is an American four-piece jam band from the San Francisco Bay Area, composed of Josh Clark (guitar and vocals), Trevor Garrod (keyboards, vocals, guitar, and harmonica), Scott Rager (drums), and Eric DiBerardino (bass).