hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Georg Reismüller
Georg Reismüller was a German librarian. He was the Director-General of the Bavarian State Library from 1929 to 1935.

From April 1, 1923 to 1928 during the Occupation of the Ruhr he was commissioned to set up the Pfälzische Landesbibliothek Speyer as part of the art funding program, headed this Library, became member of the Bavarian People's Party and befriended with Heinrich Held.

Bavarian People's Party
The Bavarian People's Party (German: Bayerische Volkspartei; BVP) was a principally Catholic Christian democratic political party in Bavaria during the Weimar Republic. After the collapse of the German Empire in 1918, it split away from the federal Centre Party and formed the BVP in order to pursue a conservative and regionalist stance. It dominated in state politics; all Ministers-President from 1920 onwards were from the BVP. In the national Reichstag it remained a minor player with only about three percent of total votes in all elections. The BVP disbanded shortly after the Nazi seizure of power in early 1933. It was not reformed after the war; much of its electorate was absorbed by the new centre-right regionalist Christian Social Union in Bavaria.
Isabel Hardwich
Isabel Helen Hardwich MIEE CEng MInstP (née Cox; 19 September 1919 – 19 February 1987) was an English electrical engineer, an expert in photometry, and fellow and president of the Women's Engineering Society.

Institution of Engineering and Technology
The Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET) is a multidisciplinary professional engineering institution. The IET was formed in 2006 from two separate institutions: the Institution of Electrical Engineers (IEE), dating back to 1871, and the Institute of Incorporated Engineers (IIE), dating back to 1884. Its worldwide membership is currently in excess of 156,000 in 148 countries. The IET's main offices are in Savoy Place in London, England, and at Futures Place in Stevenage, England.

In the United Kingdom, the IET has the authority to establish professional registration for the titles of Chartered Engineer, Incorporated Engineer, Engineering Technician, and ICT Technician, as a licensed member institution of the Engineering Council.

The IET is registered as a charity in England, Wales and Scotland.
Jovica Lakić
Jovica Lakić (Serbian Cyrillic: Јовица Лакић; born September 4, 1974) is a retired Serbian professional footballer.

During his career he played for the Serbian clubs OFK Kikinda, FK Beograd, FK Milicionar, FK Obilić and FK Mladost Apatin and the Russian clubs FC Torpedo Moscow and FC Torpedo-ZIL Moscow.

FK Obilić
Fudbalski klub Obilić (Serbian Cyrillic: Фудбалски клуб Обилић) is a Serbian football club based in Vračar, a neighbourhood of Belgrade. It was named after medieval Serbian hero Miloš Obilić, a legendary 14th-century knight.

In its long history, Obilić's most notable success occurred in 1998, when it became only the third club since the breakup of Yugoslavia to win the national league, winning the 1997–98 season. As of 2025, one of the two Belgrade football giants, Crvena Zvezda and Partizan, have won every other year. At the time, it was bankrolled by Serbian warlord Arkan.

Since the 2001–02 season, when it finished in fourth place, Obilić has declined steeply: a club which once competed in European club competitions was relegated to the lowest tier of the Serbian football league system and now no longer competes in any recognised competition (with the exception of the women's team).
Grace Theological Journal
Grace Theological Journal (GTJ) was a peer-reviewed academic journal published by Grace Theological Seminary. It contained articles of theological interest, the majority of which were written by the faculty of the seminary. It was abstracted and indexed in the ATLA Religion Database.

The founding editor-in-chief was John C. Whitcomb; towards the end of its run the journal was edited by John J. Davis.

Atla Religion Database
The Atla Religion Database (ATLA RDB) is an index of academic journal articles in the area of religion. It is updated monthly and published by the American Theological Library Association. The database indexes articles, essays, and book reviews related to a wide range of scholarly fields related to religion. The database is available on a subscription basis through a database aggregator.

The total database includes over 3.0 million article citations from over 2,400+ journals. There are more than a quarter of a million essay citations from more than 18,000 multi-author works. The number of book reviews is over half a million. Atla indexes multi-author works, such as Festschriften and conference proceedings, with separate records for each essay.
Li Xin (Qin)
Li Xin (李信), courtesy name Youcheng (有成), was an important Chinese military general of Qin during the Warring States era. Alongside Wang Jian, Wang Ben and other generals, Li Xin served under Qin Shi Huang (Ying Zheng) in his conquest of the six Warring States. He was also the great-great-grandfather of Li Guang, a Han dynasty general.

Qi (state)
Qi, or Ch'i in Wade–Giles romanization,  was a regional state of the Zhou dynasty in ancient China, whose rulers held titles of Hou (侯), then Gong (公), before declaring themselves independent Kings (王). Its capital was Linzi, located in present-day Shandong. Qi was founded shortly after the Zhou conquest of Shang, c. 1046 BCE. Its first monarch was Jiang Ziya (Lord Tai; r. 1046–1015 BCE), minister of King Wen and a legendary figure in Chinese culture. His family ruled Qi for several centuries before it was replaced by the Tian family in 386 BCE. Qi was the final surviving state to be annexed by Qin during its unification of China.
Thomas Marchildon
Thomas Marchildon (February 27, 1805 – May 17, 1858) was a businessman, farmer and political figure in Canada East.

He was born in Batiscan in 1805 and became a farmer there. With one of his brothers, he also owned a shipbuilding yard. Marchildon was elected to the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada for Champlain in 1851; he was reelected in 1854 as a member of the parti rouge. In 1858, he was defeated in the same riding by his cousin, Joseph-Édouard Turcotte. He opposed the construction of the North Shore Railway.

In 1858, he was found drowned in the well on his farm. He was believed to have suffered an attack of apoplexy although some people thought that he had committed suicide; the coroner found that his death had been accidental.

Canada East
Canada East (French: Canada-Est) was the northeastern portion of the Province of Canada. Lord Durham's Report investigating the causes of the Upper and Lower Canada Rebellions recommended merging those two colonies. The new colony, known as the Province of Canada, was created by the Act of Union 1840 passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom, having effect in 1841. For administrative purposes, the new Province was subdivided into Canada West and Canada East.  The former name of "Lower Canada" came back into official use in 1849, and as of Canadian Confederation of 1867 it formed the newly created province of Quebec.

An estimated 890,000 people lived in Canada East in 1851.
Sixteen Tons (club)
Sixteen Tons (Russian: Шестнадцать тонн) is a musical nightclub, restaurant, and pub in Moscow, Russia.

Established in 1996, the club was named after the song Sixteen Tons. Initially is was opened in the format of a traditional English pub. In 1997 the second floor was added, to function as a nightclub, with musical stage and a dance floor. It is located at 6 unit 1, Presnensky Val (Metro station Ulitsa 1905 Goda).

In 1999 the club established a musical prize, Golden Gargoyle, first awarded in 2000.

Ulitsa 1905 Goda
Ulitsa 1905 Goda (Russian: Улица 1905 года, romanized: Ulitsa tysyacha devyat'sot pyatogo godapronunciationⓘ) is a Moscow Metro station in the Presnensky District, Central Administrative Okrug, Moscow, Russia. It is on the Tagansko-Krasnopresnenskaya Line, between Begovaya and Barrikadnaya stations.  The station was opened on 30 December 1972, as part of the Krasnopresnenskiy radius.
Clara Livingston
Clara Livingston (1900 in Chautauqua, New York,– January 29, 1992 in Puerto Rico) was the 200th licensed female pilot and 11th female helicopter pilot in the world.

Livingston made her first airplane trip in 1927. She was the daughter of Alfred Livingston. In the 1940s Livingston enlisted in the Women's Army Corps (WAC). She was also Wing Commander for the Puerto Rico Wing Civil Air Patrol. At the age of 25, her father died and she managed his property, in Dorado, Puerto Rico, for the next two decades. She built her own landing strip, known as Dorado Airport, on this 1,700 acres (6.9 km2) property. In 1937, Amelia Earhart, who was a friend of Livingston's, made a stop during her last flight at the Isla Grande Airport and stayed overnight. Her home is well recognized in a community known as Dorado Beach for being a historical house which she rebuilt in 1928.

Women's Army Corps
The Women's Army Corps (WAC; /wæk/) was the women's branch of the United States Army. It was created as an auxiliary unit, the Women's Army Auxiliary Corps (WAAC), on 15 May 1942, and converted to an active duty status in the Army of the United States as the WAC on 1 July 1943. Its first director was Colonel Oveta Culp Hobby. The WAC was disbanded on 20 October 1978, and all WAC units were integrated with male units.
Hachiman Shrine (Saipan)
The Hachiman Jinja (彩帆八幡神社) is a derelict Shinto shrine off Kagman Road on the island Saipan in the Northern Mariana Islands, and one of the few on those islands to survive relatively intact.  The shrine, dedicated to the kami Hachiman, was probably built in the 1930s by the Japanese administration of the South Seas Mandate as part of a program to Japanize the large number of Ryukyuan and Korean workers on the island. The shrine survived the World War II Battle of Saipan in remarkably good condition, although its main torii fell, and two komainu (dog-like statues) were lost. The main honden received some maintenance in the 1970s, and the property has received some maintenance from a local landholder. As of 2019, it is in total disrepair.

The shrine was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.

Koreans
Koreans are an East Asian ethnic group native to the Korean Peninsula. The majority of Koreans live in the two Korean sovereign states of North and South Korea, which are collectively referred to as Korea. As of 2021, an estimated 7.3 million ethnic Koreans resided outside of Korea. Koreans are also an officially recognised ethnic minority in other several Continental and East Asian countries, including China, Japan, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Uzbekistan. Outside of Continental and East Asia, sizeable Korean communities have formed in Germany, the United Kingdom, France, the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand.
I Adore Mi Amor
"I Adore Mi Amor" is a song by American R&B group Color Me Badd, released by Giant Records as the second single (third outside North America) from their debut album, C.M.B. (1991). The song peaked at number one on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart for two weeks and spent 20 weeks on the listing, finishing 1991 at number 18 on the Billboard year-end chart. Worldwide, the track entered the top 20 in Canada, the Netherlands, and New Zealand. In 1992, saxophonist Najee covered the song from the album Just an Illusion.

Giant Records
Giant Records was an American record label launched in 1990 as a joint venture between Warner Bros. Records and record executive Irving Azoff. Currently, this name is used as a Swedish label owned by Warner Music Sweden, a Swedish branch of Warner Music Group.
Alfredo Donnarumma
Alfredo Donnarumma (Italian pronunciation: [alˈfreːdo ˌdɔnnaˈrumma]; born 30 November 1990) is an Italian professional footballer who plays as a forward or attacking midfielder for Serie C Group A club Lumezzane, on loan from Serie C Group B club Ternana.

US Salernitana 1919
Unione Sportiva Salernitana 1919 is an Italian professional football club based in Salerno, Campania. The original club was founded in 1919 and has been reconstituted three times in the course of its history, most recently in 2011. The current club is the heir of the former Salernitana Calcio 1919, and it restarted from Serie D in the 2011–12 season. Salernitana returned to Serie A in 2021, after a break of 23 seasons, having finished second in Serie B. Their tenure at the top level lasted until the 2023–24 season, when they were relegated back to Serie B. In the 2024-25 season, following the defeat against Sampdoria in the relegation playoff, Salernitana was relegated to Serie C. It is an associated member of European Club Association.
2003 DFS Classic – Doubles
Shinobu Asagoe and Els Callens were the defending champions but they competed with different partners that year, Asagoe with Nana Miyagi and Callens with Meilen Tu.

Asagoe and Miyagi lost in the quarterfinals to Rika Fujiwara and Roberta Vinci.

Callens and Tu won in the final 7–5, 6–4 against Alicia Molik and Martina Navratilova.

Els Callens
Els Callens (born 20 August 1970) is a former professional female tennis player from Belgium.

Callens became professional in January 1990.
Her biggest achievement came in 2000 during the Summer Olympic Games in Sydney where she won the bronze medal in women's doubles, partnering Dominique Van Roost-Monami.

She retired on 26 October 2005, after losing her second-round match at the Gaz de France Stars tournament in Hasselt. She started a comeback, and finally retired from professional tennis in 2011.

Nowadays, she works as sports commentator for the Belgian public broadcast Eén.
Cameron Gordon (mathematician)
Cameron Gordon (born 1945) is a Professor and Sid W. Richardson Foundation Regents Chair in the Department of Mathematics at the University of Texas at Austin, known for his work in knot theory. Among his notable results is his work with Marc Culler, John Luecke, and Peter Shalen on the cyclic surgery theorem. This was an important ingredient in his work with Luecke showing that knots were determined by their complement. Gordon was also involved in the resolution of the Smith conjecture.

Andrew Casson and Gordon defined and proved basic theorems regarding strongly irreducible Heegaard splittings, an important concept in the modernization of Heegaard splitting theory. They also worked on the slice-ribbon conjecture, inventing the Casson-Gordon invariants in the process.

Gordon was a 1999 Guggenheim Fellow.
In 2005, Gordon was elected a Corresponding Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. In 2023, Gordon was elected to the National Academy of Sciences.

Knot (mathematics)
In mathematics, a knot is an embedding of the circle (S1)  into three-dimensional Euclidean space, R3 (also known as E3).  Often two knots are considered equivalent if they are ambient isotopic, that is, if there exists a continuous deformation of R3 which takes one knot to the other.

A crucial difference between the standard mathematical and conventional notions of a knot is that mathematical knots are closed — there are no ends to tie or untie on a mathematical knot. Physical properties such as friction and thickness also do not apply, although there are mathematical definitions of a knot that take such properties into account. The term knot is also applied to embeddings of S j in Sn, especially in the case j = n − 2. The branch of mathematics that studies knots is known as knot theory and has many relations to graph theory.
Cifas
Cifas is a fraud prevention service in the United Kingdom. It is a not-for-profit membership association representing organisations from across the public, private and voluntary sectors. Cifas states its mission is "to detect, deter and prevent fraud in society by harnessing technology and working in partnership".

Cifas operates two core fraud prevention databases that are claimed to be the largest in the UK: the National Fraud Database and the Internal Fraud Database. Since December 2014, Cifas' systems are used by banks and building societies to access Home Office immigration data through a specialist portal.

Data from Cifas' members indicated that instances of identity fraud in the UK were at record levels in the UK in 2016, particularly among people aged under 30.

Cifas data also highlights the growing issue of "money mules" – people who allow their bank accounts to be used to launder money.

Money mule
A money mule, sometimes called a "smurfer", is a person who transfers money acquired illegally, such as by theft or fraud. Money mules transfer funds in person, through a courier service, or electronically, on behalf of others. Typically, the mule is paid for services with a small part of the money transferred. Money mules are often recruited on-line under the guise of legitimate employment, not aware that the money they are transferring is the product of crime. Similar techniques are used to transfer merchandise illegally.
Positive definiteness
In mathematics, positive definiteness is a property of any object to which a bilinear form or a sesquilinear form may be naturally associated, which is positive-definite. See, in particular:

Positive-definite bilinear form

Positive-definite function

Positive-definite function on a group

Positive-definite functional

Positive-definite kernel

Positive-definite matrix

Positive-definite operator

Positive-definite quadratic form

Positive-definite function on a group
In mathematics, and specifically in operator theory, a positive-definite function on a group relates the notions of positivity, in the context of Hilbert spaces, and algebraic groups. It can be viewed as a particular type of positive-definite kernel where the underlying set has the additional group structure.
Aubré de Lambert Maynard
Aubré de Lambert Maynard (November 17, 1901 – March 20, 1999) was an American physician and surgeon who is most notable for operating on Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. to save his life after a 1958 assassination attempt. Maynard was an authority on chest and abdominal wounds.

Harlem Hospital Center
Harlem Hospital Center, branded as NYC Health + Hospitals/Harlem, is a 282-bed, public teaching hospital affiliated with Columbia University. It is located at 506 Lenox Avenue in Harlem, Manhattan, New York City and was founded on April 18, 1887.

The hospital was established to provide healthcare to the citizens of the neighborhood. Initially, the hospital served as a holding area for patients to be transferred to Randalls and Wards Islands and Bellevue Hospital. After World War I, the hospital soon outgrew its initial building. After acquiring land, a new building opened on April 13, 1907. The hospital developed a teaching program that is affiliated with Columbia University, and has continued to serve the Harlem neighborhood since its inception.
Han system
Han (Japanese: 藩, "domain") is a Japanese historical term for the estate of a daimyo in the Edo period (1603–1868) and early Meiji period (1868–1912). Han or Bakufu-han (daimyo domain) served as a system of de facto administrative divisions of Japan alongside the de jure provinces until they were abolished in the 1870s.

De jure
In law and government, de jure (/deɪ ˈdʒʊəri, di -, - ˈjʊər-/; Latin: [deː ˈjuːre]; lit. 'from law') describes practices that are officially recognized by laws or other formal norms, regardless of whether the practice exists in reality. The phrase is often used in contrast with de facto ('from fact'), which describes situations that exist in reality, even if not formally recognized.
Ben Longley
Benjamin Lehman Longley (August 7, 1930 – September 1990) was an American politician in the state of Tennessee. Longley served in the Tennessee House of Representatives from 1967 to 1978 and in the Tennessee Senate from 1979 to 1987. A Republican, he represented Bradley County, Tennessee and worked as an insurance broker. He lives in Cleveland, Tennessee. Longley died of lung cancer in September 1990, at the age of 60.

Cleveland, Tennessee
Cleveland is the county seat of and the largest city in Bradley County, Tennessee. The population was 47,356 at the 2020 census. It is the principal city of the Cleveland metropolitan area, Tennessee (consisting of Bradley and neighboring Polk County), which is included in the Chattanooga–Cleveland–Dalton, TN–GA–AL Combined Statistical Area.

Cleveland is the seventeenth-largest city in Tennessee and has the fifth-largest industrial economy, having thirteen Fortune 500 manufacturers.
Sinmi Island
Sinmi Island (Korean: 신미도) is a North Korean island in the Pansong Archipelago in West Korea Bay. With an area of 52 square kilometers (20 sq mi), it is the largest island in North Korea.  It is uninhabited.

Korea Bay
39°N 124°E﻿ / ﻿39°N 124°E﻿ / 39; 124

Korea(n) Bay, sometimes West Korea(n) Bay (Chinese: 西朝鲜湾; pinyin: Xīcháoxiǎnwān; Korean: 서조선만 or 서한만; Hanja: 西朝鮮灣 or 西韓灣; Korean pronunciation: [sʰʌdʑosʰʌn.man] or [sʰʌhan.man]), is a bight and the northern extension of the Yellow Sea, between the southeastern coastline of China's Liaoning Province and the western coastline of North Korea's North Pyongan, South Pyongan and South Hwanghae provinces.  It is separated from the Bohai Sea by the Liaodong Peninsula, with Dalian's Lüshunkou District marking its western end, and westernmost tip of North Korea's Ryongyon County as its eastern end.

The Yalu (Amnok) River, which marks the western two-thirds of the China–North Korea border, empties into the Korea Bay between Dandong (China) and Sinŭiju (North Korea). The Chongchon River and Taedong River also drains into the Korea Bay at Sinanju and Nampo, respectively.
Liberty Hills (Antarctica)
The Liberty Hills (80°6′S 82°58′W﻿ / ﻿80.100°S 82.967°W﻿ / -80.100; -82.967) are a line of rugged hills and peaks with bare rock eastern slopes, about 10 nautical miles (19 km) long, standing 7 nautical miles (13 km) northwest of the Marble Hills and forming part of the west wall of Horseshoe Valley, in the Heritage Range, Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica. The Liberty Hills were mapped by the United States Geological Survey from ground surveys and U.S. Navy air photos, 1961–66. The name was applied by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names in association with the name Heritage Range. The remarkable High Nunatak towers east of the Hills.

Ellsworth Mountains
The Ellsworth Mountains are the highest mountain ranges in Antarctica, forming a 350 km (217 mi) long and 48 km (30 mi) wide chain of mountains in a north to south configuration on the western margin of the Ronne Ice Shelf in Marie Byrd Land. They are bisected by Minnesota Glacier to form the Sentinel Range to the north and the Heritage Range to the south. The former is by far the higher and more spectacular with Mount Vinson (4,892 meters (16,050 ft)) constituting the highest point on the continent. The mountains are located within the Chilean Antarctic territorial claim but outside of the Argentinian and British ones.
Mariscal
Mariscal is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alberto Mariscal (1926–2010), American-born Mexican actor and film director

Ana Mariscal (1923–1995), Spanish film actress, director, screenwriter and film producer

Ángel Mariscal (1904—1979), Spanish footballer

Antonio Mariscal (1915–2010), Mexican lawyer and Olympic-level diver

Ignacio Mariscal (1829–1910), Mexican liberal lawyer, politician, writer, and diplomat

Javier Mariscal (born 1950), Spanish artist and designer

Kary Mariscal (born 1976), Bolivian politician

Marco Antonio Barba Mariscal (born 1970), Mexican politician

Margarita Mariscal de Gante (born 1954), Spanish judge and politician

Mark Mariscal (born 1979), American college and professional football

Silvia Mariscal (born 1946), Mexican actress

María José Mariscal (born 2005), Mexican actress

Ana Mariscal
Ana María Arroyo Mariscal (31 July 1923 – 28 March 1995) better known as Ana Mariscal was a classic Spanish film actress, director, screenwriter and film producer. Mariscal worked in well over 50 films between 1940 and 1968, often starring in films she also wrote and directed. She is iconic in 1940s and 1950s Spanish cinema. She also acted in Argentinean films. Her brother Luis Arroyo (1915–1956) was also an actor and film director.