hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stauran
Stauren or Syltefjordstauran is a mountain cliff in Båtsfjord Municipality in Finnmark County, Norway. It is located along the northern coast of the Syltefjorden, about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) northeast of the abandoned village of Nordfjord. The 222-metre (728 ft) tall mountain cliff runs for a length of about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) along the shore. It is among the largest bird cliffs in Finnmark county.

The cliff hosts the largest colony of black-legged kittiwake in Northern Europe as well as a large colony of northern gannet.

Bird cliff
Bird cliffs, or nesting cliffs, are steep cliffs with numerous small shelves which serve as nesting locations for bird colonies. Bird cliffs are found on islands in the North Atlantic and Arctic, such as the Faroe Islands, Iceland, the Svalbard archipelago and on islands off Northern Norway. Birds that nest in large numbers on bird cliffs include auks, kittiwakes, barnacle geese, and typical Old World vultures. The number of breeding couples may exhibit large variations depending on available food. Bird cliffs have often been exploited as a food resource by the local population, as well as being used by hunters and egg collectors.
SS Ragnhild (1941)
Ragnhild was a 2,866 GRT cargo ship which was built in 1941 for the British Ministry of War Transport (MoWT) as Empire Carey. In 1942 she was transferred to the Norwegian Government in exile and renamed Ragnhild. Her war service is very well documented, and serves to illustrate a typical tramp ship's service life during the Second World War.

She was sold out of government service in 1946 and renamed Penelope. She was sold to Finland in 1950 and served until 1972 when she was sold to Sweden, renamed Ingeborg and hulked. Laid up in 1974, she was scrapped in Denmark in 1976.

Ministry of War Transport
The Ministry of War Transport (MoWT) was a department of the British Government formed early in the Second World War to control transportation policy and resources. It was formed by merging the Ministry of Shipping and the Ministry of Transport, bringing responsibility for both shipping and land transport to a single department, and easing problems of co-ordination of transport in wartime.

The MoWT was founded on 1 May 1941, when Lord Leathers was appointed Minister of War Transport. Following the general election of July 1945, Alfred Barnes was appointed Minister of War Transport, remaining in the post after the department was renamed the Ministry of Transport in April 1946.
Murder of Richard Collins III
The murder of Richard Collins III occurred on May 20, 2017, while Collins and friends waited for an Uber to arrive around 3 AM near Montgomery Hall on the University of Maryland, College Park campus. Twenty-two year old University of Maryland senior Sean Urbanski emerged from a wooded area, screamed at the group, and proceeded to stab Collins, who later died of his wounds.

Due to Urbanski's online involvement with far-right politics and the alt-right, many condemned Urbanski's actions as a hate crime. The Federal Bureau of Investigation declined to investigate the perceived hate crime at the federal level, but Urbanski still faced hate crime charges in Prince George's County court. After a trial delayed four times, a jury found Urbanski guilty of first-degree murder in December 2019. The hate crime charge was dismissed by the judge due to lack of evidence. On January 14, 2021, Urbanski was sentenced to life in prison, with the possibility of parole.

Uber
Uber Technologies, Inc. is an American multinational transportation company that provides ride-hailing services, courier services, food delivery, and freight transport. It is headquartered in San Francisco, California, and operates in approximately 70 countries and 15,000 cities worldwide. It is the largest ridesharing company worldwide with over 202 million monthly active users and 10 million active drivers and couriers. It coordinates an average of 42 million trips and delivery orders per day, and has coordinated 72 billion trips and delivery orders since its inception in 2010. In the fourth quarter of 2025, the company had a take rate (revenue as a percentage of gross bookings) of 29.9% for mobility services and 19.2% for food delivery.

The company is also in the process of developing robotaxi services in partnership with Lucid Motors, Nuro, and Baidu.
Asiophlugis
Asiophlugis is a genus of Asian bush crickets belonging to the tribe Phlugidini, of the subfamily Meconematinae.

The known distribution of Asiophlugis is Malesia (including Sulawesi and the Philippines) and Indo-China (but there are no Vietnam records).

Tettigoniidae
Insects in the family Tettigoniidae are commonly called katydids (especially in North America) or bush crickets. They have previously been known as "long-horned grasshoppers". More than 8,000 species are known. Part of the suborder Ensifera, the Tettigoniidae are the only extant (living) family in the superfamily Tettigonioidea.

Many species are nocturnal in habit, having strident mating calls and may exhibit mimicry or camouflage, commonly with shapes and colours similar to leaves.
Mandla Lamba
Mandla Lamba is a South African scammer, known for having acquired a fake reputation as the country's "youngest billionaire" and a successful mining tycoon before being exposed. He was arrested on fraud and homicide charges in May 2011 and was imprisoned before becoming active again in 2021 following his release from jail.

Homicide
Homicide is an act in which a person causes the death of another person. A homicide requires only a volitional act, or an omission, that causes the death of another, and thus a homicide may result from accidental, reckless, or negligent acts even if there is no intent to cause harm.

Homicides can be divided into many overlapping legal categories, such as murder, manslaughter, justifiable homicide, assassination, killing in war (either following the laws of war or as a war crime), euthanasia, and capital punishment, depending on the circumstances of the death. These different types of homicides are often treated very differently in human societies; some are considered crimes, while others are permitted or even ordered by the legal system.
Reither Spitze
The Reither Spitze is a mountain in the Karwendel in the Austrian  federal state of Tyrol that, thanks to its location at the southwestern end of the Erlspitze Group, is particularly well known for its great views of the surrounding area from its summit. Its name is derived the village of Reith bei Seefeld, which lies at its southwestern foot.

The Schlossbach, a tributary of the River Inn, rises on the mountainside.

Inn (river)
The Inn (German pronunciation: [ɪn] ⓘ; Latin: Aenus; Romansh: En) is a river in Switzerland, Austria and Germany. The 518 km (322 mi) long river is a right tributary of the Danube, being the third largest tributary of the Danube by discharge. The highest point of its drainage basin is the summit of Piz Bernina at 4,049 m (13,284 ft). The Engadine, the valley of the En, is the only Swiss valley whose waters end up in the Black Sea (via the Danube).
Persecution of Yazidis
The persecution of Yazidis has been ongoing since at least 637 CE. Yazidis are an endogamous and mostly Kurmanji-speaking minority, indigenous to Kurdistan. The Yazidi religion has historically been regarded as "devil-worship" among the followers of Abrahamic religions, primarily among Muslims and is still described as such by some, especially by Islamic extremists. Yazidis have been persecuted by surrounding Muslim state entities and groups since the medieval ages, most notably by  Ottomans, neighbouring Muslim Arab and Kurdish tribes and principalities. After the 2014 Sinjar massacre of thousands of Yazidis by ISIL, which started the ethnic, cultural, and religious genocide of the Yazidis in Iraq, Yazidis still face discrimination from the Iraqi government and the Kurdistan Regional Government.

Kurmanji
Kurmanji (Kurdish: کورمانجی, romanized: Kurmancî, lit. 'Kurdish', pronunciationⓘ), also termed Northern Kurdish, is the northernmost of the Kurdish languages, spoken predominantly in southeast Turkey, northwest and northeast Iran, northern Iraq, northern Syria and the Caucasus and Khorasan regions. It is the most widely spoken form of Kurdish.

Kurmanji is also the common and ceremonial language of Yazidis. Their sacred book Mishefa Reş and all prayers are written and spoken in Kurmanji.

Ethnologue reports that the use of Kurmanji is declining in Turkey even when the language is used as a language of wider communication (LWC) by immigrants to Turkey, and that the language is threatened because it is losing speakers.
Tsuzumi
The tsudzumi (鼓) or tsuzumi is a hand drum of Japanese origin. It consists of a wooden body shaped like an hourglass, and it is taut, with two drum heads with cords that can be squeezed or released to increase or decrease the tension of the heads respectively. This mechanism allows the player to raise or lower the pitch of the drum while playing, not unlike the African talking drum and the Indian dhadd.

Pitch (music)
Pitch is the quality that makes it possible to judge sounds as "higher" and "lower" in the sense associated with musical melodies. Pitch is a perceptual property that allows sounds to be ordered on a frequency-related scale. 
Pitch is a major auditory attribute of musical tones, along with duration, loudness, and timbre.

Pitch may be quantified as a frequency, but pitch is not a purely objective physical property; it is a subjective psychoacoustical attribute of sound. Historically, the study of pitch and pitch perception has been a central problem in psychoacoustics, and has been instrumental in forming and testing theories of sound representation, processing, and perception in the auditory system.
Mike Barry (American football)
Mike Barry (born 10/18/1946) is an American former offensive line coach. He coached for Carbondale Community High School, Fenwick High School, Southern Illinois, Arizona, Iowa State, Colorado, USC, Tennessee, NC State, and the San Antonio Gunslingers and Portland Breakers of the United States Football League (USFL), and the Detroit Lions of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for Nebraska and Southern Illinois as a center.

Iowa State Cyclones football
The Iowa State Cyclones football program is the intercollegiate football team at Iowa State University in Ames, Iowa. The team is coached by Jimmy Rogers. The Cyclones compete in the Big 12 Conference, and are a Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) member of the NCAA. The Cyclones play their home games at Jack Trice Stadium, with a capacity of 61,500. The Iowa State Cyclones football team drew an average home attendance of 60,384 in 2023, the 28th highest in college football.
Jehad Al-Hussain
Jehad Fadhil Al Hussain (Arabic: جِهَاد فَاضِل الْحُسَيْن, born July 30, 1982, in Homs, Syria) is a former Syrian footballer who played as a midfielder. He is now the head coach of the Syria U23 national team.

2006 AFC Champions League
The 2006 AFC Champions League was the 25th edition of the top-level Asian club football tournament and the fourth edition under the current AFC Champions League title. Al-Ittihad automatically qualified for the quarter-finals as the title holders.

Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors won their first AFC Champions League title after beating Al-Karamah 3–2 on aggregate in the final. Jeonbuk also became the first team in history of Asia to have won the Champions League before the national league title (they won their first K League championship three years later, in 2009).
Francis Edwards (architect)
Francis Edwards (1784–1857) was a British architect of the Georgian and early Victorian periods, who worked extensively in the London area.

Sir John Soane's foremost pupil, Edwards joined Soane's office at Lincoln's Inn Fields as an improver in 1806 and was admitted to the Royal Academy Schools two years later.

His work, mostly neo-classical in style, is best known now for town planning and landscaping, but Edwards also oversaw construction of his celebrated and much copied design of St John's Church at Hoxton, and the Lion Brewery at Lambeth (demolished in 1949).

He was architect to the Imperial Gas Light and Coke Company as well as to the Goding brewing family, becoming an Associate of the Institute of British Architects in London before establishing his own practice, Francis Edwards & Co.

In later years he lived at Bloomsbury Square in the parish of St Giles, London. He died in London.

St Giles, London
St Giles is an area in London, England and is located in the London Borough of Camden. It is in Central London and part of the West End. The area gets its name from the parish church of St Giles in the Fields. The combined parishes of St Giles in the Fields and St George Bloomsbury (which was carved out of the former) were administered jointly for many centuries, leading to the conflation of the two, with much or all of St Giles usually taken to be a part of Bloomsbury.
Points of interest include the church of St Giles in the Fields, Seven Dials, the Phoenix Garden, and St Giles Circus.
Stephen Sugarman
Stephen D. Sugarman was the Roger J. Traynor Professor of Law at the UC Berkeley School of Law, where he taught since 1972. He was the associate dean of the UC Berkeley School of Law from 1980 to 1982, and then again from 2004 to 2009. At UC Berkeley, he taught multiple classes in the social justice curriculum, including classes on torts and sports law.

He was a visiting professor at London School of Economics, University College, London, Columbia University, and other institutions. Sugarman died on December 26, 2021, at age 79 after a four-year battle with kidney cancer.

With his colleague John Coons, Sugarman was an influential architect of the school voucher movement in the United States. Their research was cited by The Heritage Foundation to argue for such programs in 1981.

Coons and Sugarman also argued the case Serrano v. Priest before the California Supreme Court in 1976.

Sports law in the United States
Sports law in the United States overlaps substantially with labor law, contract law, competition or antitrust law, and tort law. Issues like defamation and privacy rights are also integral aspects of sports law. This area of law was established as a separate entity only a few decades ago, coinciding with the rise of player-agents and increased media scrutiny of sports law topics.
Minoan frescoes from Tell el-Dab'a
The Minoan wall paintings at Tell el-Dab'a are of particular interest to Egyptologists and archaeologists. They are of Minoan style, content, and technology, but there is uncertainty over the ethnic identity of the artists. The paintings depict images of bull-leaping, bull-grappling, griffins, and hunts. They were discovered by a team of archaeologists led by Manfred Bietak, in the palace district of the Thutmosid period at Tell el-Dab'a. The frescoes date to the Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt, most likely during the reigns of either the pharaohs Hatshepsut (reigned c. 1479 – 1458 BCE) or Thutmose III (reigned 1479 – 1425 BCE), after being previously considered to belong to the late Second Intermediate Period. The paintings indicate an involvement of Egypt in international relations and cultural exchanges with the Eastern Mediterranean either through marriage or exchange of gifts.

Griffin
The griffin, griffon, or gryphon (Ancient Greek: γρύψ, romanized: grýps; Classical Latin: gryps or grypus; Late and Medieval Latin: gryphes, grypho etc.; Old French: griffon) is a legendary creature with the body, tail, and back legs of a lion, and the head and wings of an eagle with its talons on the front legs.
Stephen Lea Sheppard
Stephen Lea Sheppard   is a Canadian writer and former television and film actor. He played Dudley Heinsbergen in the 2001 Wes Anderson film The Royal Tenenbaums and geek guru Harris Trinsky on NBC dramedy Freaks and Geeks.

Sheppard was born in 1983 in Gibsons, British Columbia, northwest of Vancouver.

Anderson’s friend, Judd Apatow, recommended Sheppard, who was acting in Apatow’s TV series Freaks and Geeks, to Anderson. On a commentary track for the Freaks and Geeks episode, "Looks and Books”, Apatow shared that he gave Anderson an "acting reel" he made of Sheppard's performance on the show, in order to help Sheppard get his Royal Tenenbaums role. These two roles remain Sheppard's only on-camera acting credits.

Beginning in 2007, he has co-authored several modules for the role playing game Exalted.

Sheppard lives in Surrey, British Columbia.

Exalted (role-playing game)
Exalted is a high fantasy tabletop role-playing game originally published by White Wolf Publishing in July 2001. The game is in its third edition as of 2016. It was originally created by Robert Hatch, Justin Achilli and Stephan Wieck, and was inspired by world mythologies and anime.
McDonald's Gospelfest
The McDonald's Gospelfest is an annual gospel music festival, talent competition, and fundraiser. The Gospelfest is produced by Newark, New Jersey-based Irving Street Rep and is directed and hosted by its founder, A. Curtis Farrow.[13]

Prudential Center
Prudential Center is a multipurpose indoor arena in Newark, New Jersey, United States. Opened in 2007, it is the home of the New Jersey Devils of the National Hockey League (NHL), the New York Sirens of the Professional Women's Hockey League (PWHL), and the men's basketball program of Seton Hall University. By 2023, it was among the top five concert venues worldwide by earnings. The arena is owned by the Newark Housing Authority and operated by Harris Blitzer Sports & Entertainment (HBSE), owners of the Devils.
Tiberius Claudius Paulinus
Tiberius Claudius Paulinus was a was Roman senator of the early third century.

Several inscriptions in Britain preserve details of his cursus honorum. An inscription at Caerwent provides an account of his career. The earliest office Paulinus held was legatus or commander of Legio II Augusta at Caerleon. After an unknown period of time, he was proconsular governor of Gallia Narbonensis for the term 216/217; this was followed by legatus Augusti pro praetor, or governorship of the imperial province of Gallia Lugdunensis around 218. He returned to Roman Britain where he served as legatus Augusti pro praetor of Britannia Inferior in 220.

Anthony Birley notes he is "the only governor Lower Britain recorded outside the province": an official monument, the Marble of Thorigny includes a letter he addressed to his client, Titus Sennius Sollemnis. By October 221, Marius Valerianus succeeded him as governor.

Caerleon
Caerleon (/kərˈliːən/ kər-LEE-ən; Welsh: Caerllion) is a town and community in Newport, Wales. Situated on the River Usk, it lies 5 miles (8 km) northeast of Newport city centre, and 5.5 miles (9 km) southeast of Cwmbran. Caerleon is of archaeological importance, being the site of a notable Roman legionary fortress, Isca Augusta, and an Iron Age hillfort. Close to the remains of Isca Augusta are the National Roman Legion Museum and the Roman Baths Museum. The town also has strong historical and literary associations: Geoffrey of Monmouth elevated the significance of Caerleon as a major centre of British history in his Historia Regum Britanniae (c. 1136), and Alfred Lord Tennyson wrote Idylls of the King (1859–1885) while staying in Caerleon.
When I'm Alone (song)
"When I'm Alone" is a single from Catching a Tiger, American folk rock singer Lissie's debut album. The song was written in London with Jim Irvin and Julian Emery, who also collaborated with Lissie on the singles "In Sleep" and "Cuckoo". It was released on June 18, 2010 for digital download and serves as the debut single in the UK & Ireland.

In December 2010 it was selected as iTunes UK's Song Of The Year.

The song was also featured in the end credits of the 2014 comedy Dumb and Dumber To, starring Jim Carrey and Jeff Daniels and also in episode 5 of third season on Loudermilk tv series.

Jim Irvin
James Lawrence Irvin is an English singer, songwriter, music journalist and podcast host. Irvin was a singer in the English new wave band Furniture, who had a UK hit single, in 1986 with Irvin's "Brilliant Mind". Irvin contributed to Melody Maker magazine, before becoming its reviews editor. Later he became the features editor of Mojo magazine. Irving has written or edited a number of books, including The Mojo Collection and Jeff Buckley: From Hallelujah To The Last Goodbye. Irvin returned to songwriting full-time in 2001 including the 2004 hit "The Weekend" by Michael Gray, and the song "Love", co-written with, and performed by, Unloved, introduced the Apple Keynote Speech in March 2019.
Otto J. Maenchen-Helfen
Otto John Maenchen-Helfen (German: Otto Mänchen-Helfen; July 26, 1894 – January 29, 1969) was an Austrian academic, sinologist, historian, author, and traveler.

From 1927 to 1930, he worked at the Marx-Engels Institute in Moscow, and from 1930 to 1933 in Berlin. When the Nazi Party came to power in Germany, he returned to Austria, and after the Anschluss in 1938 he emigrated to the United States, eventually becoming a professor at the University of California, Berkeley. He was the author of several oft-cited books, including a history of the Huns.

He was the first non-Russian to travel and report on Tannu Tuva. He obtained permission to travel there and study its inhabitants in 1929. He later published his experiences in a book, Reise ins asiatische Tuwa (Travels in Asiatic Tuva).

San Francisco Examiner
The San Francisco Examiner is a newspaper distributed in and around San Francisco, California, and has been published since 1863. Once self-dubbed the "Monarch of the Dailies" by then-owner William Randolph Hearst and the flagship of the Hearst chain, the Examiner converted to free distribution early in the 21st century and is owned by Clint Reilly Communications, which bought the newspaper at the end of 2020 along with the SF Weekly.
Chancelade Abbey
Chancelade Abbey (French: Abbaye Notre-Dame de Chancelade) is an Augustinian monastery in Chancelade in the Dordogne. It was founded in 1129.

The abbey was damaged by English troops in the 14th century during the Hundred Years' War and again by Protestants in the 16th century during the French Wars of Religion.

Alain de Solminihac (beatified in 1981 by John Paul II) had the abbey restored in 1623. He was consecrated abbot of Chancelade by Urban VIII in 1636.

Economist Nicolas Baudeau taught theology at the abbey.

A contemporary monastic community is now in occupation of some buildings and in 2016 completed a new community house on the site.

Pope Urban VIII
Pope Urban VIII (Latin: Urbanus VIII; Italian: Urbano VIII; baptised 5 April 1568 – 29 July 1644), born Maffeo Vincenzo Barberini, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 6 August 1623 to his death, in July 1644. As pope, he expanded the papal territory by force of arms and advantageous politicking, and was also a prominent patron of the arts, commissioning works from artists like Gian Lorenzo Bernini, and a reformer of Church missions. His papacy also covered 21 years of the Thirty Years' War.

The massive debts incurred during his pontificate greatly weakened his successors, who were unable to maintain the papacy's longstanding political and military influence in Europe. He was also an opponent of Copernicanism and was involved in the Galileo affair, which saw the astronomer tried for heresy. He is the last pope to date to take the papal name Urban.