hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Spandau
Spandau (German: [ˈʃpandaʊ] ⓘ) is the westernmost of the 12 boroughs (Bezirke) of Berlin, situated at the confluence of the Havel and Spree rivers and extending along the western bank of the Havel. It is the smallest borough by population, but the fourth largest by land area.

Spandau Synagogue
The Spandau Synagogue  (German: Synagoge Spandau) was a former Orthodox Jewish congregation and synagogue, located at 12 Lindenufer, in the Old Town area of Spandau, Berlin, Germany.

Also known as Spandauer Vereinssynagoge (translated as Spandau private synagogue), the synagogue was built in 1894–95 and destroyed during Kristallnacht on 9 November 1938 when it was set on fire. The ruins were removed, probably in 1942. The site is now marked by a memorial tablet, installed in 1988. The congregation maintained a Jewish cemetery, on Spandau's Neue Bergstrasse, which was closed by the Nazi government  and was evacuated in 1939 to the cemetery of the Orthodox congregation Adass Jisroel in Berlin.
Dhuwarrwarr Marika
Dhuwarrwarr Marika (born 1946), also known as Banuminy, a female contemporary Aboriginal artist. She is a Yolngu artist and community leader from East Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory of Australia. She belongs to the Dhuwa moiety of the Rirratjingu clan in the homeland of Yalangbara, daughter of Mawalan Marika. Marika is an active bark painter, carver, mat maker, and printmaker.

National Gallery of Australia
The National Gallery of Australia (NGA), formerly the Australian National Gallery, is the national art museum of Australia as well as one of the largest art museums in Australia, holding more than 166,000 works of art. Located in Canberra in the Australian Capital Territory, it was established in 1967 by the Australian Government as a national public art museum. As of 2022 it is under the directorship of Nick Mitzevich.
United Nations Security Council Resolution 438
United Nations Security Council Resolution 438, adopted on October 23, 1978, after reaffirming previous resolutions, considered a report by the Secretary-General regarding the United Nations Emergency Force and noted the discussions the Secretary-General had with all the concerned parties to the Middle East situation.

The Council expressed its concern over the continuing tension in the area and decided to:

(a) To renew the mandate of the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force for another year, until July 24, 1979;

(b) To request the Secretary-General to keep the Security Council to publish a report on the progress made at the end of this period;

(c) To call upon all parties to immediately implement resolution 338 (1973).

The resolution was adopted by 12 votes to none; Czechoslovakia and the Soviet Union abstained from voting. China did not participate in the vote.

United Nations Security Council Resolution 338
United Nations Security Council Resolution 338 was a three-line resolution adopted by the UN Security Council on 22 October 1973, which called for a ceasefire in the Yom Kippur War in accordance with a joint proposal by the United States and the Soviet Union. It was passed at the 1747th Security Council meeting by 14 votes to none, with China abstaining.

The resolution stipulated that the ceasefire should take effect within 12 hours of the adoption of the resolution; that Security Council Resolution 242 be implemented "in all its parts"; and for negotiations to start between Israel and the Arab states. Fighting continued despite the passing of Resolution 338, and the Security Council passed Resolution 339 soon after. Resolution 340 was passed on 25 October, ending the war.
Pulse fishing
Pulse fishing is a fisheries management technique for preventing fish stocks from being overfished by periodically permitting a cycle of fishing followed by a fallow period which allows stocks to reconstitute. It should not be confused with electric pulse fishing which is a fishing technique which involves pulsing electric currents.

Fish stocks
Fish stocks are subpopulations of a particular species of fish, for which intrinsic parameters (growth, recruitment, mortality and fishing mortality) are traditionally regarded as the significant factors determining the stock's population dynamics, while extrinsic factors (immigration and emigration) are traditionally ignored. Stocks fished within biologically sustainable levels decreased from 90% in 1974 to 62.3% in 2021.
The Collection of Pre- and Protohistoric Artifacts at the University of Jena
50°55′27.63″N 11°35′1.78″E﻿ / ﻿50.9243417°N 11.5838278°E﻿ / 50.9243417; 11.5838278

The Collection of Pre- and Protohistoric Artifacts at the University of Jena was founded in 1863 as the Germanic Museum of the University of Jena and existed under this name until 1945. After the Second World War, it was known as the Prehistoric Museum of the Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Institute of Prehistoric Archaeology, until 1968. The collection belongs to the Department of Prehistory and Early History of the Friedrich Schiller University of Jena. Courses in prehistoric archaeology have been offered in Jena since 1859, with some short interruptions. The institute has had its own professorship since 1934 and is concerned with the preservation of archaeological monuments in Thuringia.

Bilzingsleben (Paleolithic site)
Bilzingsleben (German: Fundplatz Bilzingsleben, lit. discovery site Bilzingsleben) is a former stone quarry in Thuringia, Germany, notable for its wealth of palaeolithic human fossils and artifacts.

One of the oldest buildings in the world and one of the oldest pieces of art were found at the site.
Porphyra umbilicalis
Porphyra umbilicalis, commonly called "laver", is a species of seaweed in the genus Porphyra. It is smooth in texture and forms delicate, sheetlike thalli, reaching 25 centimetres (10 in) long and often clinging to rocks. Porphyra is classified as red algae; it tends to be a brownish colour, but boils down to a dark green pulp when prepared. It is unusual amongst seaweeds because the fronds are only one cell thick.

It is commonly found around the west coast of Great Britain and east coast of Ireland along the Irish Sea, where it is also known as "sleabhac" or "slake". It is edible and used to make laverbread.

Edible seaweed
Edible seaweeds are seaweeds that can be eaten and used for culinary purposes. They typically contain high amounts of fiber. They may belong to one of several groups of multicellular algae: the red algae, green algae, and brown algae. Seaweeds are also harvested or cultivated for the extraction of polysaccharides such as alginate, agar and carrageenan, gelatinous substances collectively known as hydrocolloids or phycocolloids. Hydrocolloids have attained commercial significance, especially in food production as food additives. The food industry exploits the gelling, water-retention, emulsifying and other physical properties of these hydrocolloids.

Seaweed as food is particularly popular in East Asia.

Most edible seaweeds are marine algae, a group containing few toxic (though some deadly) species, while freshwater algae are mostly toxic.
2012 IAAF World Challenge
The 2012 IAAF World Challenge was the third edition of the annual, global circuit of one-day track and field competitions organized by the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF). The series featured a total of fourteen meetings – the same number as the previous year as the IAAF World Challenge Dakar and Brothers Znamensky Memorial meetings were dropped to the schedule while the Moscow Challenge and Ponce Grand Prix de Atletismo were added.

Moscow Challenge
The Moscow Challenge was a track and field competition at the Luzhniki Stadium in Moscow, Russia as part of the IAAF World Challenge Meetings. The first edition took place in 2011 and it was last organized in 2014.
McAlester, Oklahoma
McAlester is a city in and the county seat of Pittsburg County, Oklahoma. As of the 2020 census, McAlester had a population of 18,171. The town gets its name from James Jackson McAlester, an early settler and businessman who later became lieutenant governor of Oklahoma. Known as "J. J.", McAlester married Rebecca Burney, the daughter of a full-blood Chickasaw family, which made him a citizen of the Chickasaw Nation.

McAlester is the home of the Oklahoma State Penitentiary, the former site of an "inside the walls" prison rodeo that ESPN's SportsCenter once broadcast. The prison's nickname, Big Mac, was derived from its location in the town.

McAlester is home to many of the employees of the McAlester Army Ammunition Plant. This facility makes the majority of the bombs used by the United States military. In 1998 McAlester became the home of the Defense Ammunition Center (DAC), which moved from Savanna, Illinois, to McAlester Army Ammunition Plant.

Household
A household consists of one or more persons who live in the same dwelling. It may be of a single family or another type of person group. The household is the basic unit of analysis in many social, microeconomic and government models, and is important to economics and inheritance.

Household models include families, blended families, shared housing, group homes, boarding houses, houses of multiple occupancy (UK), and single room occupancy (US). In feudal societies, the royal household and medieval households of the wealthy included servants and other retainers.
2018 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix
The 2018 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix (formally known as the Formula 1 2018 Etihad Airways Abu Dhabi Grand Prix) was a Formula One motor race held on 25 November 2018 at the Yas Marina Circuit in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. The race was the twenty first and final round of the 2018 Formula One World Championship and marked the tenth running of the Abu Dhabi Grand Prix and the tenth time that the race has been run as a World Championship event since the inaugural event in 2009.  The race was the last to be officiated by Charlie Whiting as race director as he would die shortly before the next race was held. It was also notable for being the final Grand Prix for Fernando Alonso until his return in 2021.

Yas Marina Circuit
The Yas Marina Circuit (Arabic: حلبة مرسى ياس) is a 5.281 km (3.281 mi) motorsport circuit situated on Yas Island, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. The circuit was designed by Hermann Tilke. It has hosted the season-ending Formula One Abu Dhabi Grand Prix since 2009. Yas Marina was the second of four Formula One tracks in the Middle East, with the first being in Bahrain and subsequent tracks in Qatar and Saudi Arabia.

A two-day GP2 Asia Series test was held to officially open the circuit, which was held a week before the 2009 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix. It also hosted V8 Supercars between 2010 and 2012, with the event being the opening round in 2010 and 2011. Outside motorsport, the circuit was used for the final stage of the inaugural Abu Dhabi Tour cycle race in 2015–2017. The circuit has an FIA Grade 1 license.
A Social Celebrity
A Social Celebrity is a 1926 American silent comedy drama film directed by Malcolm St. Clair and starred Louise Brooks as a small town manicurist who goes to New York City with her boyfriend (Adolphe Menjou), a barber who poses as a French count. The film is now considered lost.

Mordaunt Hall
Mordaunt Hall (1 November 1878 – 2 July 1973) was the first regularly assigned motion picture critic for The New York Times, working from October 1924 to September 1934.

His writing style was described in his Times obituary as "chatty, irreverent, and not particularly analytical. […] The interest of other critics in analyzing cinematographic techniques was not for him."
Hochstadt, Rhineland-Palatinate
Hochstadt (German pronunciation: [ˈhoːxʃtat]; previously also "Niederhochstadt") is a municipality in Südliche Weinstraße district, in Rhineland-Palatinate, western Germany.

It belongs, along with other municipalities, to the Verbandsgemeinde Offenbach an der Queich.
The town has a long history, dating back several thousands of years.
Hochstadt has just recently held its 1225 Year Celebration, from August 1–4 and August 8–11.

Johann Valentin Pressler, who was a forebear of Elvis Presley and a winegrower, emigrated from Niederhochstadt (then a village) to America in 1710.

Südliche Weinstraße
Südliche Weinstraße (German: [ˌzyːtlɪçə ˈvaɪnˌʃtʁaːsə]; Palatine German: Siedlischi Woischdrooß; lit. 'Southern Wine Route') is a district (Kreis) in the south of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from west clockwise) Südwestpfalz, Bad Dürkheim, the district-free city Neustadt (Weinstraße), Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis, Germersheim, and the French département Bas-Rhin. The district-free city Landau is surrounded by the district.
1991 Mercedes Cup
The 1991 Mercedes Cup,  was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts and held at the Tennis Club Weissenhof in Stuttgart, Germany that was part of the Championship Series of the 1991 ATP Tour. It was the 14th edition of the tournament was held from 15 July until 21 July 1991. First-seeded Michael Stich won the singles title.

1991 ATP Tour
The 1991 IBM ATP Tour was the elite tour for professional men's tennis organized by the ATP Tour. The IBM ATP Tour included the Grand Slam tournaments (organized by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the ATP Championship Series, Single-Week, the ATP Championship Series, the ATP World Series and the ATP Tour World Championships. The World Team Cup, Davis Cup (organized by the ITF) and Grand Slam Cup (organized by the ITF) are included in this calendar but did not count towards the Tour.
Stanley Gibbons catalogue
The first Stanley Gibbons stamp catalogue was a penny price list issued in November 1865 and reissued at monthly intervals for the next 14 years. The company produces numerous catalogues covering different countries, regions and specialisms; many of them are reissued annually. The catalogues list all known adhesive postage stamp issues and include prices for used and unused stamps.

Stanley Gibbons
The Stanley Gibbons Group plc is a company quoted on the London Stock Exchange specialising in the retailing of collectable postage stamps and similar products. The group is incorporated in London. The company is a major stamp dealer and philatelic publisher. The company's philatelic subsidiary, Stanley Gibbons Limited, had a royal warrant of appointment from Queen Elizabeth II.
VF bandwidth
In broadcast television systems, VF bandwidth, video bandwidth or more formally video frequency bandwidth is the range of frequencies between 0 and the highest frequency used to transmit a live television image. The maximum frequency can be found by multiplying three figures; the number of frames (images) per second, number of lines per frame and maximum number of  sine periods per line. In the table below number of frames per second, number of lines per frame and the video band width in different systems are shown.

Broadcast television systems
Broadcast television systems (or terrestrial television systems outside the US and Canada) are the encoding or formatting systems for the transmission and reception of terrestrial television signals.

Analog television systems were standardized by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) in 1961, with each system designated by a letter (A-N) in combination with the color standard used (NTSC, PAL or SECAM) - for example PAL-B, NTSC-M, etc.). These analog systems for TV broadcasting dominated until the 2000s.

With the introduction of digital terrestrial television (DTT), they were replaced by four main systems in use around the world: ATSC, DVB, ISDB and DTMB.
Nunley's
Nunley's was a carousel and amusement park that was located in Baldwin, Nassau County, New York from 1940 to 1995. The namesake carousel was located in Golden City Park, within the neighborhood of Canarsie, Brooklyn, New York City, from 1912 to 1939.

Freeport, New York
Freeport is a village in the town of Hempstead, in Nassau County, on the South Shore of Long Island, in New York state, United States. The population was 43,713 at the 2010 census, making it the second largest village in New York by population.

A settlement since the 1640s, it was once an oystering community and later a resort popular with the New York City theater community. It is now primarily a bedroom suburb but retains a modest commercial waterfront and some light industry.
Chida, Pakistan
Chida is a village in Narowal District of Punjab province, Pakistan. It is located at 32°14'0N 74°49'0E with an altitude of 242 metres (797 feet). Neighbouring settlements include Lala, Qila Sobha Singh and Depoke.

Lala, Narowal
Lala is a village in Narowal District of Punjab province in Pakistan. It is located at 32°15'0N 74°48'0E with an altitude of 245 metres (807 feet). Neighbouring settlements include Seowal, Khewa, Qila Sobha Singh and Depoke.
2004 J.League Cup
The J. League Cup 2004, officially the 2004 J.League Yamazaki Nabisco Cup, was the 2nd edition of Japan soccer league cup tournament and the 12th edition under the current J. League Cup format. The competition started on March 27, and finished on November 3, 2004.

Teams from the J1 took part in the tournament. The tournament started from the group stage, where they're divided into four groups. The group winners and runners-up of each group qualifies for the quarter final.

2004 J.League Division 1
The 2004 J.League Division 1 season was the 12th season of the J.League Division 1. The league fixture began on March 13 and ended on December 12. The Suntory Championship took place on December 5 and 11, followed by the first ever J. League promotion/relegation series on December 4 and 12.
Ben Shneiderman
Ben Shneiderman (born August 21, 1947) is an American computer scientist, a Distinguished University Professor in the University of Maryland Department of Computer Science, which is part of the University of Maryland College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences at the University of Maryland, College Park, and the founding director (1983-2000) of the   University of Maryland Human-Computer Interaction Lab. He conducted fundamental research in the field of human–computer interaction, developing new ideas, methods, and tools such as the direct manipulation interface, and his eight rules of design.

Flowchart
A flowchart is a type of diagram that represents a workflow or process. A flowchart can also be defined as a diagrammatic representation of an algorithm, a step-by-step approach to solving a task.

The flowchart shows the steps as boxes of various kinds, and their order by connecting the boxes with arrows. This diagrammatic representation illustrates a solution model to a given problem. Flowcharts are used in analyzing, designing, documenting or managing a process or program in various fields.
1967–68 S.L. Benfica season
The 1967–68 season was Sport Lisboa e Benfica's 64st season in existence and the club's 34st consecutive season in the top flight of Portuguese football, covering the period from 1 August 1967 to 31 July 1968. Domestically, Benfica competed in the Primeira Divisão and Taça de Portugal, while internationally participated in the European Cup.

Long-serving players Costa Pereira, Germano and Augusto Silva left the club, while the board decided to maintain Fernando Riera as head coach for a second season. Midway through the campaign Riera left the club, and Otto Glória returned as manager. Benfica won its 16th league title, reached the semi-finals of the Taça de Portugal, and advanced to the European Cup final, where they lost 4–1 after extra time to Manchester United at Wembley Stadium.

1967–68 European Cup
The 1967–68 European Cup was the 13th European Cup, UEFA's premier club football tournament. The competition was won by Manchester United, who beat Benfica 4–1 in the final at Wembley Stadium, London. The European Cup title marked the tenth year since the Munich air disaster, in which eight United players were killed and their manager, Matt Busby, was left close to death, the day after earning a place in the semi-finals of the 1957–58 competition. It was also the first time an English side had won the trophy.

The away goals rule (which had already been used in the Cup Winners' Cup and the Fairs' Cup) was introduced if aggregate scores were level after two legs, but only for the first round of the competition. Extra time goals were not included in the rule.

Celtic were the defending champions, but were eliminated by Dynamo Kyiv in the first round.
Hart County News-Herald
The Hart County News-Herald is a weekly newspaper serving Hart County in South-Central Kentucky, including Munfordville, Bonnieville and Horse Cave. Headquartered in Horse Cave, it is owned by Jobe Publishing, Inc.

The News-Herald is part of Jobe Publishing's news and advertising network that also publishes weekly newspapers in Barren, Butler, Edmonson, Metcalfe, and Monroe Counties, all of which, along with the News-Herald, are members of the Kentucky Press Association.

Monroe County Citizen
The Monroe County Citizen, known simply as The Citizen, is a weekly newspaper in south-central Kentucky. Headquartered in Tompkinsville, the newspaper serves Monroe County, including Tompkinsville, Gamaliel, and Fountain Run.

The Herald-News is a part of the Horse Cave-based Jobe Publishing's news and advertising network that, in addition to Metcalfe County, also serves neighboring Barren and Metcalfe Counties, along with Butler, Edmonson and Hart Counties by virtue of Jobe's ownership of weekly newspapers in the aforementioned counties. All Jobe Publishing-owned newspapers are members of the Kentucky Press Association.
Joe Solecki
Joe Solecki (born August 27, 1993) is an American retired professional mixed martial artist. A professional from 2016 to 2025, Solecki was most notable for his time in the Lightweight division for the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC).

Lightweight (MMA)
The lightweight division in mixed martial arts contains different weight classes:

The UFC's lightweight division, which groups competitors within 146 to 155 lb (66 to 70 kg)

The Shooto lightweight division, which limits competitors to 145 lb (65.8 kg)

The ONE Championship's lightweight division, with an upper limit at 77.1 kg (170.0 lb)

The Road FC's lightweight division, with an upper limit at 154 lb (70 kg)
Little Misunderstandings
Piccoli equivoci (internationally released as Little Misunderstandings) is a 1989 Italian comedy film directed by Ricky Tognazzi. It was shown at the 1989 Cannes Film Festival, in the section "Quinzaine des Réalisateurs".

For this film Nancy Brilli won a David di Donatello for Best Supporting Actress and a Silver Ribbon in the same category.
The director Ricky Tognazzi was instead awarded with a David di Donatello for Best New Director and a Silver Ribbon in the same category.

David di Donatello
The David di Donatello Awards, named after Donatello's David, a symbolic statue of the Italian Renaissance, are film awards given out each year by the Accademia del Cinema Italiano (the Academy of Italian Cinema). There are 26 award categories, as of 2023. The industry-voted awards are considered the Italian equivalent of the American Academy Awards.
Christianity in Uttar Pradesh
Christianity is a minority religion in Uttar Pradesh, the largest state of India. The Christians of Uttar Pradesh come under the territory of Lucknow and Agra Diocese of Church of North India (a member of the Anglican Communion) and of the Archdiocese of Agra (Roman Catholic Church). The Uttar Pradesh Christian Revival Church (UPCRC) was established in 2017 as a part of the Christian Revival Church.

Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Agra
The Archdiocese of Agra (Latin: Agraën(sis)) is a Latin Church archdiocese of the Catholic Church in northern India's Uttar Pradesh state. It comprises the following districts in Uttar Pradesh: Agra, Aligarh, Auraiya, Budaun, Bulandshahr, Etah, Etawah, Farrukabad, Firozabad, Gautambudha Nagar, Hathras, Kannauj, Mainpuri, Mathura and in Rajasthan: Bharatpur and Dholpur.

Its cathedral episcopal see is located in the city of Agra.