hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Birth dearth
Birth dearth is a neologism coined by Ben J. Wattenberg in his 1987 book of the same name, which refers to the declining fertility rates observed in many modern industrialized, affluent societies. It is often cited as a response to overpopulation. Countries and geographic regions that are currently experiencing the highest rates of declining populations include Western Europe, Japan, the Russian Federation, and South Korea. Populations in other industrialized countries, such as the United Kingdom and the United States, and developing, poorer regions of the world, including the Balkans, Central Asia, the Middle East, and Sub-Saharan Africa, are also being impacted.

Periphery countries
In world-systems theory, periphery countries are those that are less developed than the semi-periphery and core countries. These countries usually receive a disproportionately small share of global wealth. They have weak state institutions and are dependent on—and, according to some, exploited by—more developed countries. These countries are usually behind because of obstacles such as lack of technology, unstable government, and poor education and health systems. In some instances, the exploitation of periphery countries' agriculture, cheap labor, and natural resources aid core countries in remaining dominant. This is best described by dependency theory, which is one theory on how globalization can affect the world and the countries in it. It is, however, possible for periphery countries to rise out of their status and move into semi-periphery or core status. This can be done by doing things such as industrializing, stabilizing the government and political climate, etc.
The Bandits (ballet)
The Bandits (French: Les Brigands) is a grand ballet in two acts and five scenes with prologue, choreographed by Marius Petipa to music by Léon Minkus. The libretto by Marius Petipa is based on Miguel de Cervantes' novella La gitanilla.

The work was first presented by the Imperial Ballet on January 26/February 7 (Julian/Gregorian calendar dates), 1875 at the Imperial Bolshoi Kammeny Theatre in St. Petersburg, Russia.

Principal dancers: Ekaterina Vazem.

Mariinsky Ballet
The Mariinsky Ballet (Russian: Балет Мариинского театра) is the resident classical ballet company of the Mariinsky Theatre in Saint Petersburg, Russia.

Founded in the 18th century and originally known as the Imperial Russian Ballet, the Mariinsky Ballet is one of the world's leading ballet companies.  Internationally in some quarters, the Mariinsky Ballet continues to be known by its former Soviet name the Kirov Ballet.  The Mariinsky Ballet is the parent company of the Vaganova Ballet Academy, a leading international ballet school.
Itqiy meteorite
The Itqiy meteorite is an enstatite-rich stony-iron meteorite. It is classified as an enstatite chondrite of the EH group that was nearly melted and is therefore very unusual for that group. Other classifications have been proposed and are an ongoing scientific debate.

Stony-iron meteorite
Stony-iron meteorites or siderolites are meteorites that consist of nearly equal parts of meteoric iron and silicates. This distinguishes them from the stony meteorites, that are mostly silicates, and the iron meteorites, that are mostly meteoric iron.

Stony-iron meteorites are all differentiated, meaning that they show signs of alteration. They are therefore achondrites.

The stony-irons are divided into mesosiderites and pallasites. Pallasites have a matrix of meteoric iron with embedded silicates (most of it olivine). Mesosiderites are breccias which show signs of metamorphism. The meteoric iron occurs in clasts instead of a matrix.

They are in the top rank of all Meteorite classification schemes, usually called "Type".
2017 BRDC British Formula 3 Championship
The 2017 BRDC British Formula 3 Championship is a motor racing championship for open wheel, formula racing cars held across England and Belgium. The season began at Oulton Park on 15 April and ended on 25 September at Donington Park, after eight triple header events for a total of twenty-four races.

Open-wheel car
An open-wheel car is a car with the wheels outside the car's main body, and usually having only one seat. Open-wheel cars contrast with street cars, sports cars, stock cars, and touring cars, which have their wheels below the body or inside fenders. Open-wheel cars are built both for road racing and oval track racing. Open-wheel cars licensed for use on public roads (street legal), such as the Ariel Atom, are uncommon, as they are often impractical for everyday use.
Star of Courage (Australia)
The Star of Courage (SC) is a bravery decoration awarded to Australians. It is awarded for acts of conspicuous courage in circumstances of great peril. The SC was created on 14 February 1975. It is awarded by the governor-general of Australia, on the recommendation of the Australian Bravery Decorations Council. The decoration recognises acts of bravery by members of the community. They selflessly put themselves in jeopardy to protect the lives or property of others. It is ranked second in the Australian civil bravery decorations in the Australian Honours System. Recipients of the Star of Courage are entitled to use the post-nominal letters "SC".

Post-nominal letters
Post-nominal letters, also called post-nominal initials, post-nominal titles, designatory letters, or simply post-nominals, are letters placed after a person's name to indicate that the individual holds a position, an academic degree, accreditation, an office, a military decoration, or honour, or is a member of a religious institute or fraternity. An individual may use several different sets of post-nominal letters, but in some contexts it may be customary to limit the number of sets to one or just a few. The order in which post-nominals are listed after a name is based on rules of precedence and what is appropriate for a given situation. Post-nominal letters are one of the main types of name suffix. In contrast, pre-nominal letters precede the name rather than follow it, such as addressing a physician or professor as "Dr. Smith".
South Devon Railway Gorgon class
The Gorgon class were six 4-4-0ST broad gauge locomotives operated on the South Devon Railway, Cornwall Railway and West Cornwall Railway. They were designed for passenger trains on this steep and sharply curved line but were also used on goods trains when required.

They were ordered by the South Devon Railway which was contracted to operate the locomotives for both the railways. They were designed by Daniel Gooch a development of his earlier Comet class, and built by the Avonside Engine Company.

The locomotives of the three railways were operated as a combined fleet by the South Devon Railway but each was accounted to the railway that ordered it. On 1 February 1876, the South Devon Railway was amalgamated with the Great Western Railway, the locomotives were given numbers by their new owners but continued to carry their names too.

South Devon Railway Company
The South Devon Railway Company built and operated the railway from Exeter to Plymouth and Torquay in Devon, England. It was a 7 ft 1⁄4 in (2,140 mm) broad gauge railway built by Isambard Kingdom Brunel.

The line had to traverse difficult hilly terrain, and the company adopted the atmospheric system in which trains were drawn by a piston in a tube laid between the rails, a vacuum being created by stationary engines. The revolutionary system proved to have insuperable technical difficulties and was abandoned. The line continued as a conventional locomotive railway. The company promoted a number of branches, through the medium of nominally independent companies.

Its original main line between Exeter and Plymouth remains in use today as an important part of the main line between London and Plymouth.
Hanan (surname)
Hanan is a surname of Semitic origin. Notable people with the surname include:

Elizabeth Hanan (1937–2024), New Zealand local politician

Harry Hanan (1916–1982), British cartoonist

Josiah Hanan (1868–1954), New Zealand politician

Maurice Hanan, the namesake of the Hanan grid, a geometrical construction

Peter Hanan (1915–2008), New Zealand swimmer

Ralph Hanan (1909–1969), New Zealand politician, nephew of Josiah

Stephen Mo Hanan, American actor and performance artist

Hanan grid
In geometry, the Hanan grid H(S) of a finite set S of points in the plane is obtained by constructing vertical and horizontal lines through each point in S.

The main motivation for studying the Hanan grid stems from the fact that it is known to contain a minimum length  rectilinear Steiner tree for S. It is named after Maurice Hanan, who was first to investigate the rectilinear Steiner minimum tree and introduced this graph.
Heidelberg Disputation
The Heidelberg Disputation was held at the lecture hall of the Augustinian order in Heidelberg, Germany on April 26, 1518.  It was here that Martin Luther, as a delegate for his order, began to have occasion to articulate his views. In the defense of his theses, which culminated in a contrast between divine love and human love, Luther defended the doctrine of human depravity and the bondage of the will. Martin Bucer, the reformer of Strasbourg, heard Luther here and became an avid follower.  This disputation also led to Johann Eck's challenging Martin Luther to the Leipzig Debate.

Johann Eck
Johann Eck (13 November 1486 – 10 February 1543), also known as Johann Maier von Eck and often anglicized as John Eck, was a German Roman Catholic theologian, scholastic, prelate, and opponent of Martin Luther.
American Conference (NASL)
The American Soccer Conference was one of two conferences of the original North American Soccer League between 1978 and 1980. It along with the National Conference were formed for the 1978 season as part of a realignment to accommodate an expanding league, and bolster more competitive play which had been lacking under the previous Atlantic and Pacific conferences. It is speculated, that the league decided to realign the league to be more similar to the National Football League (American football) format, with one league official stating that the league hoped that new expansions and initiatives would cause "enough demand for soccer that they [could] sell the TV rights to two networks like the NFL did." During the three seasons using the American/National alignment, American Conference teams struggled to compete against their National Conference counterparts, with the American Conference champion failing to win the Soccer Bowl in every season.

Athletic conference
An athletic conference is a collection of sports teams which play competitively against each other in a sports league. In many cases conferences are subdivided into smaller divisions, with the best teams competing at successively higher levels. Conferences often, but not always, include teams from a common geographic region.
Mohammad Hotak
Mohammad Hotak (Pashto/Dari/Arabic/Urdu: ډاکټر محمد هوتک ) is a founder of the British Afghanistan Chamber of Commerce and Industry and is also a managing partner in Washington and Afghanistan based MAIH Group, a consulting and contracting firm that helps international companies do business in Afghanistan and helps Afghan companies grow globally. He is also a board member for Foreign Language Institute, CSA Business, and AWRCC. He a member of the Afghana Foundation and Afghan Council of Great Britain.

Hotak has commentated on global affairs, business, philanthropy and social issues on BBC, RT, Al Jazeera, Islam Channel, Tolo TV and Ariana TV. His article From Aid To Trade was published by Foreign Policy Magazine.

TOLO (TV channel)
TOLO (Persian: طلوع, lit. 'sunrise') is a commercial television station operated by MOBY Group in Afghanistan. Launched in 2004, it became one of the first commercial stations in the country and laid the foundation for an accessible media outlet by offering a large library of shows. It is one of the most popular television channels in Afghanistan and broadcasts shows in both Dari-Persian and Pashto.
Exacerbation
In medicine, an exacerbation is the worsening  of a disease or an increase in its symptoms. Examples includes an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and acute exacerbation of congestive heart failure.

Acute decompensated heart failure
Acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) is a sudden worsening of the signs and symptoms of heart failure, which typically includes difficulty breathing (dyspnea), leg or feet swelling, and fatigue. ADHF is a common and potentially serious cause of acute respiratory distress. The condition is caused by severe congestion of multiple organs by fluid that is inadequately circulated by the failing heart. An attack of decompensation can be caused by underlying medical illness, such as myocardial infarction, an abnormal heart rhythm, infection, or thyroid disease.
Bill Blair (1940s pitcher)
William Blair (October 17, 1921 – April 20, 2014) was an American Negro league pitcher.

Blair graduated Booker T. Washington High School in Dallas and briefly attended Prairie View A&M University. He began his baseball career at the age of 16, playing for a barnstorming team in Mineola, Texas, and went on to join the United States Army, where he became the youngest African American to serve as a first sergeant in the Army during World War II.

He pitched from 1946 to 1951, for teams including the Indianapolis Clowns, Cincinnati Crescents, and was a player-manager for the Dallas Black Giants. He played against players such as Cool Papa Bell, Satchel Paige, and Hilton Smith. After retiring from baseball, he became a fixture in the community, running a local newspaper, the Elite News, and organizing golf tournaments and parades. He died in Campbell, Texas in 2014.

William Blair Park in South Dallas, formerly Rochester Park, was named after him.

Prairie View A&M University
Prairie View A&M University (PVAMU or PV) is a public historically black (HBCU) land-grant university in Prairie View, Texas, United States. Founded in 1876, it is the oldest public HBCU in Texas  and the second oldest public institution of higher learning in the state. It offers baccalaureate degrees in 50 academic majors, 37 master's degrees and four doctoral degree programs through eight colleges and the School of Architecture. PVAMU is the largest HBCU in the state of Texas and the third largest HBCU in the United States.  PVAMU is a member of the Texas A&M University System and Thurgood Marshall College Fund.

Prairie View A&M fields 18 intercollegiate sports team, commonly known by their Prairie View A&M Panthers nickname. Prairie View A&M competes in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I and the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC).  Prairie View A&M is the only charter member remaining in the conference.
The Neighbors season 2
The second and final season of the American television science fiction comedy series The Neighbors premiered on September 21, 2013, on ABC, after being renewed for a second season on May 11, 2013. The series was created by Dan Fogelman and produced by Fogelman, Chris Koch, Aaron Kaplan, John Hoberg, Kat Likkel, Kristin Newman, Kirker Butler, and Jeffrey Morton. The series follows the Weavers (Jami Gertz, Lenny Venito, Max Charles, Isabella Cramp, and Clara Mamet), a family of humans who relocate to a gated community, which happens to be inhabited by aliens, such as the Bird-Kersees (Simon Templeman, Toks Olagundoye, Ian Patrick, and Tim Jo).

Max Charles
Max Joseph Charles (born August 18, 2003) is an American actor. He appeared in the 2012 film The Three Stooges, as young Peter Parker in The Amazing Spider-Man, and had a role in the ABC comedy science fiction series The Neighbors. In 2014, Charles voiced Sherman in DreamWorks' Mr. Peabody & Sherman. He played the recurring role of Spin in Disney XD's Lab Rats: Bionic Island. He voiced Kion on the Disney Junior series The Lion Guard, and Harvey Beaks on the Nickelodeon series of the same name. He also played Zach Goodweather on seasons two through four on the TV series The Strain, replacing Ben Hyland from the first season. Max Charles also voiced Buddy G in the direct-to-video Scooby-Doo film Scooby-Doo! Shaggy's Showdown.
Nemanthias bicolor
Nemanthias bicolor, the bicolor anthias or yellowback basslet, is a species of marine ray-finned fish in the family Serranidae, the groupers and sea basses. It is from the Indo-Pacific Ocean. It occasionally makes its way into the aquarium trade. It grows to a size of 13 cm in length.

Serranidae
Serranidae is a family of marine fish belonging to the order Perciformes. The family used to contain about 450 species in 65 genera, including some of the sea basses and groupers, but taxonomic revisions split out Epinephelinae (groupers), Grammistini (soapfish),  and Anthiadinae (anthias); as a consequence, this family is now much less speciose. Representatives of this group live in tropical and subtropical seas worldwide.
Joshua White (artist)
Joshua White (born 1942) is an American artist, video maker and broadcast television director. Best known for The Joshua Light Show, a 1960s and 1970s liquid light show, his work is in the permanent collection of the Museum of Modern Art in New York and has been exhibited at Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles, the Whitney Museum of American Art, the Hirshhorn Museum, the New Museum, the Hayden Planetarium, the Barbican Center in London, the Centre Pompidou in Paris, The Broad Museum in Los Angeles, and the New-York Historical Society as well as many other venues.

Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles
The Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles (MOCA) is a contemporary art museum with two locations in Los Angeles, California. The main branch is located on Grand Avenue in Downtown Los Angeles, near the Walt Disney Concert Hall. MOCA's original space, initially intended as a temporary exhibit space while the main facility was built, is now known as the Geffen Contemporary and located in the Little Tokyo district of downtown Los Angeles. Between 2000 and 2019, it operated a satellite facility at the Pacific Design Center facility in West Hollywood.

The museum's exhibits consist primarily of American and European contemporary art created after 1940. Since the museum's inception, MOCA's programming has been defined by its multi-disciplinary approach to contemporary art.
IFRS 15
IFRS 15 is an International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) promulgated by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) providing guidance on accounting for revenue from contracts with customers. It was adopted in 2014 and became effective in January 2018. It was the subject of a joint project with the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), which issues accounting guidance in the United States, and the guidance is substantially similar between the two boards.

International Accounting Standards Board
The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) is the independent accounting standard-setting body of the IFRS Foundation.
The IASB was founded on April 1, 2001, as the successor to the International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC).  It is responsible for developing International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and for promoting their use and application.
Auburndale station (MBTA)
Auburndale station is an MBTA Commuter Rail station in Auburndale, Massachusetts. It serves the Framingham/Worcester Line. It is located next to the Massachusetts Turnpike near Lasell College. The modern station platform, built around 1961, replaced a highly acclaimed 1881 depot building designed by H. H. Richardson. A full renovation of the station for accessibility is planned.

Boston and Albany Railroad
The Boston and Albany Railroad (reporting mark B&A) was a railroad connecting Boston, Massachusetts to Albany, New York, later becoming part of the New York Central Railroad system, Conrail, and CSX Transportation. The mainline is currently used by CSX for freight as the Berkshire Subdivision and Boston Subdivision. Norfolk Southern also has trackage rights to operate freight trains over the line. Passenger service is provided on the line by Amtrak, as part of their Lake Shore Limited service, and by the MBTA Commuter Rail system, which owns the section east of Worcester and operates it as its Framingham/Worcester Line.
Oreoleuciscus angusticephalus
Oreoleuciscus angusticephalus, the narrow-headed Altai osman, is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Leuciscidae, which contains the daces, chubs, true minnows and related species. It is endemic to Mongolia and has a maximum standard length of 23.8 centimetres (9.4 in). Its young feed on plankton while adults feed predominantly on fish. It has a lifespan of over 40 years and takes 8–9 years to mature.

Chub
Chub is a common fish name.  It pertains to any one of a number of ray-finned fish in several families and general. In the UK, the term chub usually refers to the species Squalius cephalus. In addition, see sea chub.
Clinical and Translational Science
Clinical and Translational Science is a bimonthly peer-reviewed open-access medical journal covering translational medicine. It is published by Wiley-Blackwell and is an official journal of the American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. The journal was established in 2008 and the editor-in-chief is John A. Wagner (Cygnal Therapeutics).

Wiley-Blackwell
Wiley-Blackwell is an international scientific, technical, medical, and scholarly publishing business of John Wiley & Sons. It was formed by the merger of John Wiley & Sons Global Scientific, Technical, and Medical business with Blackwell Publishing in 2007.

Wiley-Blackwell is now an imprint that publishes a diverse range of academic and professional fields, including biology, medicine, physical sciences, technology, social science, and the humanities.
Tsaghkunk, Gegharkunik
40°34′59″N 44°52′10″E﻿ / ﻿40.58306°N 44.86944°E﻿ / 40.58306; 44.86944

Tsaghkunk (Armenian: Ծաղկունք) is a village in the Sevan Municipality of the Gegharkunik Province of Armenia. It is situated at the right bank of the Hrazdan River, 40 km northwest from the capital city of the Kotayk Province, Hrazdan, 60 km from Yerevan and 7 km northwest of Sevan, Armenia. It is bordered by Ddmashen to the west, Geghamavan to the south, Tsovagyugh to the southeast and Dilijan National Park to the north-west. Tsaghkunk is located at the foot of the Pambak Mountain Range. St. Hovhannes, Abazants, Khachidosh Rocks and Tapidosh Hill.

Hrazdan
Hrazdan (Armenian: Հրազդան [həɾɑzˈdɑn]) is a town and urban municipal community in Armenia serving as the administrative centre of Kotayk Province, located 45 kilometres (28 miles) northeast of the capital Yerevan. As of the 2011 census, the population of the town is 44,231.

During the Soviet period, Hrazdan was one of the industrialized centres of the Armenian SSR.

The prelacy of the Diocese of Kotayk of the Armenian Apostolic Church is headquartered in Hrazdan.
Luigi Stoisa
Luigi Stoisa, (Selvaggio di Giaveno, Turin, 1958) is an Italian painter and sculptor. He began creating his artwork at the end of the 1970s while he was still studying at the school of Fine Arts in Turin. He is currently a professor as well as an artist.

Fundació Joan Miró
The Fundació Joan Miró (Catalan: Fundació Joan Miró, Centre d'Estudis d'Art Contemporani [fundəsiˈo ʒuˈam miˈɾo]; English: Joan Miró Foundation, Centre of Studies of Contemporary Art) is a modern art museum honoring the life and work of the Spanish artist Joan Miró, located on the hill called Montjuïc in Barcelona, Catalonia (Spain).