hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Roman–Parthian War of 194–198
The Roman–Parthian War of 194–198 involved the Roman armies' success over the Parthians for supremacy over the nearby Kingdom of Armenia. After this defeat the Parthians were first defeated by the Roman armies of Severus's son, Caracalla (215–217), and then replaced in 224 by the Sassanid dynasty.

Parthian war of Caracalla
The Parthian war of Caracalla was an unsuccessful campaign by the Roman Empire under Caracalla against the Parthian Empire in 216–17 AD. It was the climax of a four-year period, starting in 213, when Caracalla pursued a lengthy campaign in central and eastern Europe and the Near East. After intervening to overthrow rulers in client kingdoms adjoining Parthia, he invaded in 216 using an abortive wedding proposal to the Parthian king Artabanus's daughter as a casus belli. His forces carried out a campaign of massacres in the northern regions of the Parthian Empire before withdrawing to Asia Minor, where he was assassinated in April 217. The war was ended the following year after Parthian victory at the Battle of Nisibis, with the Romans paying a huge sum of war reparations to the Parthians.
Billy McClain
William C. McClain (12 October 1866 – 19 January 1950) was an African-American acrobat, comedian and actor who starred in minstrel shows before World War I.
He wrote, produced and directed several major stage and outdoor extravaganzas, and wrote a number of popular songs.
He was influential in extending the range of minstrel shows far beyond the traditional conventions of the time, giving them appeal to much wider audiences.
He toured in the United States, Canada, Australia and Europe.
Later he promoted boxing and played several minor roles in movies.

Ernest Hogan
Ernest Hogan (born Ernest Reuben Crowdus; 1865 – May 20, 1909) was the first Black American entertainer to produce and star in a Broadway show, The Oyster Man in 1907, (shows at the African Grove Theatre preceded it by generations) and helped to popularize the musical genre of ragtime.

A native of Bowling Green, Kentucky, Hogan worked in traveling minstrel shows as a dancer, musician, and comedian as a teenager. In 1895 Hogan composed several popular songs, including "La Pas Ma La" and "All Coons Look Alike to Me." The success of the latter song created many derogatory imitations, known as "coon songs," because of their use of racist and stereotypical images of black people. Hogan also wrote "The Phrenologist Coon" in 1901.

Hogan was considered one of the most talented performers and comedians of his day.
HMAS Lae (P 93)
HMAS Lae (P 93) was an Attack-class patrol boat of the Royal Australian Navy (RAN). It was named for the city of Lae, capital of Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea. Completed in 1968, the vessel was one of five assigned to the RAN's Papua New Guinea (PNG) Division. The patrol boat was transferred to the Papua New Guinea Defence Force in 1974 as HMPNGS Lae. She remained in service until 1988.

Attack-class patrol boat
The Attack-class patrol boats were small coastal defence vessels built for the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) and operated between 1967 and at least 1991. Following their Australian service, twelve ships were transferred to Papua New Guinea and Indonesia.
Westwick, North Yorkshire
Westwick is a civil parish in the county of North Yorkshire, England.  It lies 3 miles (5 km) west of Boroughbridge, on the south bank of the River Ure.  It is a small parish of only 422 acres (171 ha), and consists of a few scattered houses.  In 2012 the population of the parish was estimated at 10. As the population was less than 100 at the 2011 Census details are included by ONS in the civil parish of Skelton-on-Ure.

Westwick was historically a township in the ancient parish of Ripon in the West Riding of Yorkshire.  It became a separate civil parish in 1866. From 1974 to 2023 it was part of the Borough of Harrogate, it is now administered by the unitary North Yorkshire Council.

Westwick Lock, one of two locks on the navigable section of the River Ure, is in the parish.

Boroughbridge
Boroughbridge (/ˈbʌrəbrɪdʒ/ BURR-ə-brij) is a town and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England. Historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, it is 16 miles (26 km) north-west of York. Until a bypass was built the town lay on the main A1 road from London to Edinburgh, which crosses the River Ure here.

The civil parish includes the villages of Aldborough and Minskip.
Jesse Davis (saxophonist)
Jesse Davis (born November 9, 1965) is an American jazz saxophonist. He began as a student in Ellis Marsalis's New Orleans Center for Creative Arts. After graduating, Davis embarked on a productive jazz career, recording eight albums on the Concord Jazz label, alongside collaborations with such artists as Jack McDuff and Illinois Jacquet. Davis has studied music at Northeastern Illinois University, and in 1989 he received a "Most Outstanding Musician award" from DownBeat magazine.

Jack McDuff
Eugene McDuffy (September 17, 1926 – January 23, 2001), known professionally as "Brother" Jack McDuff or "Captain" Jack McDuff, was an American jazz organist and organ trio bandleader. He was most prominent during the hard bop and soul jazz era of the 1960s, often performing with an organ trio. He is also credited with giving guitarist George Benson his first break.
Nicholas Attygalle
Sir Nicholas Attygalle KBE FRCS FRCOG (14 July 1894 – 27 March 1970) was a Ceylonese academic, surgeon and a Senator. He was the President of the Senate of Ceylon from 1953 to 1960 and the first Ceylonese Vice-Chancellor of the University of Ceylon, where he was known as the "Iron Vice Chancellor".

Ceylon Medical College
Ceylon Medical College was a public medical school in Ceylon. The college was established in 1870 as the Colombo Medical School. The college was based in Colombo. The college was merged with Ceylon University College in 1942 to form the University of Ceylon. The medical college became the university's faculty of medicine. The college was also known as Colombo Medical College.
Liberalism and radicalism in Chile
This article gives an overview of liberal and radical parties in Chile. It is limited to liberal and radical parties with substantial support, mainly proved by having had a representation in parliament. The sign ⇒ means a reference to another party in that scheme. For inclusion in this scheme, parties do not necessarily need to have labeled themselves as a liberal party.

José Manuel Balmaceda
José Manuel Emiliano Balmaceda Fernández (Latin American Spanish: [maˈnwel βalmaˈseða]; July 19, 1840 – September 19, 1891) served as the 11th President of Chile from September 18, 1886, to August 29, 1891.

Balmaceda was part of the Castilian-Basque aristocracy in Chile. While he was president, his political disagreements with the Chilean congress led to the 1891 Chilean Civil War, following which he killed himself with a pistol.
Myzocallis
Myzocallis is a genus of true bugs belonging to the family Aphididae.

Some species feed on oaks, others on Apocynaceae.

Some species

There are more than 40 species

Myzocallis coryli

Myzocallis asclepiadis

Myzocallis castanicola

Myzocallis myricae

Aphididae
The Aphididae are a very large insect family in the aphid superfamily (Aphidoidea), of the order Hemiptera. These insects suck the sap from plant leaves. Several thousand species are placed in this family, many of which are considered plant/crop pests. They are the family of insects containing most plant virus vectors (around 200 known) with the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) being one of the most prevalent and indiscriminate carriers.
Ruhollah Khomeini's life in exile
Ruhollah Khomeini's life in exile was the period that Grand Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini spent from 1964 to 1979 in Turkey, Iraq and France, after Mohamed Reza Shah Pahlavi had arrested him twice for dissent from his “White Revolution” announced in 1963. Ayatollah Khomeini was invited back to Iran by the government, and returned to Tehran from exile in 1979.

On 4 November 1964, Khomeini was secretly taken to Ankara and then to Bursa, Turkey. On 5 September 1965, he moved to Najaf, Iraq and stayed there until Saddam Hussein deported him in 1978. Finally, he was exiled by the pressure of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi to Neauphle-le-Château, Paris on 6 October 1978.

Kashf al-Asrar
Kashf al-Asrar (Persian: کشف الأسرار Kashf al-Âsrâr "Unveiling of Secrets") is a book written in 1943 by Ruhollah Khomeini, the founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran, to respond to the questions and criticisms raised in a 1943 pamphlet titled The Thousand-Year Secrets (Persian: Asrar-i Hazarsala) by Ali Akbar Hakimzadeh, who had abandoned clerical studies at Qom seminary and in the mid-1930s published a modernist journal titled Humayun that advocated reformation in Islam. Kashf al-Asrar is the first book that expresses Khomeini's political views.
Huzurabad Assembly constituency
Huzurabad is a constituency of the Telangana Legislative Assembly. It is in Karimnagar district and partly in Hanamkonda district. It is part of Karimnagar Lok Sabha constituency.

In 2021, the seat was vacated following the resignation of Etela Rajender and again re-elected on 2 November.

Karimnagar Lok Sabha constituency
Karimnagar Lok Sabha constituency  is one of the 17 Lok Sabha (Lower House of the Parliament) constituencies in Telangana state in southern India.

Bandi Sanjay of Bharatiya Janata Party is currently representing the constituency.
Ellen Hooton
Ellen Hooton was a ten-year-old girl from Wigan who gave testimony to the Central Board of His Majesty's Commissioners for inquiring into the Employment of Children in Factories, 1833. She had been working for several years at a spinning frame, in a cotton mill along with other children. She worked from 5.30 am till 8 pm, six days a week and nine hours on a Saturday. She absconded at least 10 times and was punished by her overseers.

She is of interest because of the insight it gives into factory conditions, and the relationship with her mother. The ensuing Royal Commission, acted on her evidence and the Factory Acts were changed to regulate the use of children in factories.

Throstle frame
The throstle frame was a spinning machine for cotton, wool, and other fibers, differing from a mule in having a continuous action, the processes of drawing, twisting, and winding being carried on simultaneously. It derived its name from the "singing or humming which it occasioned," throstle being a dialect name for the song thrush.
Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Production Design
The Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Production Design (previously known as the Critics' Choice Award for Best Art Direction) is one of the Critics' Choice Movie Awards given to people working in the film industry by the Critics Choice Association. It was first given out as a juried award in 2001 and then competitively in 2010 onward.

Critics' Choice Awards
The Critics' Choice Awards (formerly known as the Broadcast Film Critics Association Award) is an awards show presented annually by the American Critics Choice Association (CCA) to honor the finest in cinematic achievement. Written ballots are submitted during a week-long nominating period, and the resulting nominees are announced in December. The winners chosen by subsequent voting are revealed at the annual Critics' Choice Movie Awards ceremony in January. Additionally, special awards are given out at the discretion of the BFCA Board of Directors.
Torture in international law
The prohibition of torture is a peremptory norm in public international law—meaning that it is forbidden under all circumstances—as well as being forbidden by international treaties such as the United Nations Convention Against Torture.

Optional Protocol to the Convention Against Torture
The Optional Protocol to the Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (commonly known as the Optional Protocol to the Convention Against Torture (OPCAT)) is a treaty that supplements to the 1984 United Nations Convention Against Torture. It establishes an international inspection system for places of detention modeled on the system that has existed in Europe since 1987 (the Committee for the Prevention of Torture).

The OPCAT was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in New York on 18 December 2002, and it entered into force on 22 June 2006. As of October 2025, the Protocol has 95 parties and 11 additional signatories.
Mars First Logistics
Mars First Logistics is an indie transport simulation video game developed by Shape Shop and published by Shape Shop and Outersloth. The game was released in early access in June 2023 for Windows, and saw a full release on September 25, 2025. The game, which includes single-player and up to 3-player cooperative multiplayer, takes place in a future, science fiction setting, and revolves around building rovers and other forms of vehicles to transport various unusual items across Mars and aid in its colonization. It was positively received by critics, who cited its gameplay as unique and enjoyable.

Cooperative video game
A cooperative video game, often abbreviated as co-op video game, is a video game that allows players to work together as teammates, usually against one or more non-player character opponents (PvE). Co-op games can be played locally using one or multiple input controllers or over a network via local area networks, wide area networks, or the Internet.

Co-op gameplay has gained popularity as controller and networking technology has developed. On PCs, consoles and mobile devices, cooperative games have become increasingly common, and many genres of games—including shooter games, sports games, real-time strategy games, and massively multiplayer online games—include co-op modes.

In 2025, cooperative games (specifically non-MMO games such as Lethal Company, R.E.P.O. and PEAK) gained the derogatory slang term Friendslop, coined alongside the complementary term "Friendfarming".
Waheed Allahabadi
Waheed Allahabadi (born Waheeduddin Ahmad; 1829–1892) was an Urdu-language Indian Poet. He was the teacher of Mubarak Azimabadi, Benazir Shah Warsi, Akbar Allahabadi and Shah Akbar Danapuri in poetry. He was a student of Khwaja Haidar Ali Aatish.

Khwaja Haidar Ali Aatish
Khwaja Haider Ali Aatish (1764
–1846) of Lucknow was an Urdu poet. Khwaja Haider Ali Aatish Lakhnawi is one of the giants of Urdu literature. Aatish and Imam Baksh Nasikh were contemporary poets whose rivalry is well known. Both had hundreds of disciples. The era of Aatish-Nasikh was a golden era for Urdu poetry in Lucknow. Aatish is mostly known for his ghazals, and for his amazing and different style of poetry.
Kenya Ports Authority
Kenya Ports Authority (KPA) is a state corporation with the responsibility to "maintain, operate, improve and regulate all scheduled seaports" on the Indian Ocean coastline of Kenya, including principally Kilindini Harbour at Mombasa.  Other KPA ports include Lamu, Malindi, Kilifi, Mtwapa, Kiunga, Shimoni, Funzi and Vanga.

Malindi
Malindi (known as Melinde in antiquity) is a is a town on Malindi Bay at the mouth of the Galana River, lying on the Indian Ocean coast of Kenya. It is 120 kilometres northeast of Mombasa. The population of Malindi was 119,859 as of the 2019 census. It is the largest urban centre in Kilifi County.
Bojana Vunturišević
Bojana Vunturišević (Serbian Cyrillic: Бојана Вунтуришевић; born 6 March 1985) is a Serbian singer-songwriter. Born in Požarevac and raised in Kostolac, she rose to prominence as the lead singer of Svi na pod!. Since pursuing a solo career in 2015, Vunutrišević has released two critically acclaimed albums: Daljine (2017) and Ljubav (2023). Additionally, she has written hit-singles for other prominent regional artists, such as Nataša Bekvalac, Sara Jo, Senidah, Franka and Seka Aleksić.

Seka Aleksić
Svetlana Piljikić (née Aleksić; Serbian Cyrillic: Светлана Пиљикић, née Алексић; born 23 April 1981), better known professionally as Seka Aleksić (Serbian Cyrillic: Сека Алексић), is a Serbian singer. She rose to prominence with her debut album Idealno tvoja (2002). Aleksić has collectively released nine studio albums of predominately pop-folk music.

In addition to music, she starred in the movie We Are Not Angels 3: Rock & Roll Strike Back (2006) and her own reality television show Moja desna ruka (2010). Aleksić has also launched several clothing lines. She is currently the most followed woman from Serbia on Instagram with over two million followers.
Richfield (hamlet), New York
Monticello is a hamlet west of Richfield Springs located at the corner of CR-24 and CR-25 in the Town of Richfield, Otsego County, New York, United States. The community is known by its historic name of Monticello. (In recent state use it may also be referenced as "Richfield"; however, in normal use, the name Richfield always refers to Richfield Springs.) It was once a busy hamlet along the Skaneateles Turnpike. The source of Hyder Creek is near the hamlet. Richfield Springs bears a street over a hill on the southwest of the village called Monticello Street, which leads directly to the hamlet.

Richfield Springs, New York
Richfield Springs is a village located in the Town of Richfield, on the north-central border of Otsego County, New York, United States. The population was 1,050 at the 2020 census. The name is derived from local sulfur springs.
Shaw (name)
Shaw is primarily a surname of English or Chinese origin, rarely used as a given name. In English, it derives from Old English roots meaning "woodland" or "thicket". In Chinese contexts, Shaw is a romanization of the surname 邵 (Shao), or 萧 (Xiao) among overseas Chinese communities especially in the United States.

Runme Shaw
Runme Shaw, K.St.J (Chinese: 邵仁枚; pinyin: Shào Rénméi; 1 January 1901 – 2 March 1985) was the chairman and founder of the Shaw Organisation of Singapore. Runme Shaw and his brother, Run Run Shaw, together known as the Shaw Brothers, were pioneers in the film and entertainment industry in Singapore and Malaya, and brought to life the movie industry in Asia, especially the Southeast Asian region.

Runme Shaw was also a philanthropist who started the Shaw Foundation, a charitable organisation. In addition, Runme was the chairman and president of several government boards, and a patron of many organisations. As a result, Runme won many local and foreign awards for his philanthropic work and contribution to the movie industry in Southeast Asia.
2013 Dollar General 300 (Charlotte)
The 2013 Dollar General 300 was the 30th stock car race of the 2013 NASCAR Nationwide Series and the 32nd iteration of the event. The race was held on Friday, October 11, 2013, in Concord, North Carolina at Charlotte Motor Speedway, a 1.5 miles (2.4 km) permanent quad-oval. The race took the scheduled 200 laps to complete. At race's end, Kyle Busch, driving for Joe Gibbs Racing, would complete a late-race pass on eventual third-place driver, Penske Racing's Sam Hornish Jr., to win his 62nd career NASCAR Nationwide Series win and his 11th win of the season. To fill out the podium, Austin Dillon of Richard Childress Racing would finish third.

2013 NASCAR Nationwide Series
The 2013 NASCAR Nationwide Series was the 32nd season of the NASCAR Nationwide Series, the second national professional stock car racing series sanctioned by NASCAR in the United States. The season was contested over thirty-three races and started on February 23, 2013 at Daytona International Speedway, with the DRIVE4COPD 300, and ended on November 16 with the Ford EcoBoost 300 at Homestead–Miami Speedway. Austin Dillon of Richard Childress Racing won the Drivers' Championship, becoming the first driver in the three major NASCAR series to do so without recording a win. The No. 22 entry of Penske Racing won the Owners' Championship, while Ford won the Manufacturers' Championship.
Packrat Peak
Packrat Peak, at 10,240 feet (3,120 m) above sea level is a peak in the Sawtooth Range of Idaho in the United States. The peak is located in the Sawtooth Wilderness of Sawtooth National Recreation Area on the border of Boise and Custer counties. The peak is located 2.38 mi (3.83 km) north of Elk Peak, its line parent. Warbonnet and Little Warbonnet lakes are in the basin north of the peak.

Sawtooth Wilderness
The Sawtooth Wilderness is a federally-protected wilderness area that covers 217,088 acres (87,852 ha) of the state of Idaho. Managed by the U.S. Forest Service in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, it was designated the Sawtooth Primitive Area in 1937 to preserve the scenic beauty of the Sawtooth Mountains. On August 22, 1972 Public Law 92-400 designated the Primitive Area as the Sawtooth Wilderness and part of the newly created Sawtooth National Recreation Area. As part of the National Wilderness Preservation System, the Sawtooth Wilderness is an area where human development and use are restricted and people are to remain only visitors. According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency, the Sawtooth Wilderness has some of the clearest air in the lower 48 states.
Pleat (knitting)
In knitting, pleats can be made in several ways.

Mock pleats can be made by alternating stitches that tend to recede (such as purl or slip wyif), stitches that lie flat (such as seed or plissé) and stitches that tend to advance (such as knit and slip wyib) along the backward fold, the flat face and the forward fold, respectively.

By contrast, true pleats can be made by folding the knitted fabric over and knitting the matching stitches together pairwise.  Any style of pleat can be made in this way, e.g., knife pleats or box pleats.

Basic knitted fabrics
Basic knitted fabrics include stocking stitch, reverse stocking stitch, garter stitch, seed stitch, faggoting, and tricot.  In some cases, these fabrics appear differently on the right side (as seen when making the stitch) than on the wrong side (as seen from the other side, when the work is turned).
John Hou Sæter
John Hou Sæter (born 13 January 1998), also known as Hou Yongyong (Chinese: 侯永永; pinyin: Hóu Yǒngyǒng) in China, is a Norwegian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Chinese Super League club Yunnan Yukun.

2024 Norwegian First Division
The 2024 Norwegian First Division (referred to as OBOS-ligaen for sponsorship reasons) was a Norwegian second-tier football league season.

The season started on 1 April 2024 and ended on 9 November 2024, not including play-off matches.

2024 marked Lyn's return to the second tier following an absence since 2010, coinciding with Vålerenga being relegated from the first tier. The Oslo Derby between the two at Ullevaal stadion in April notably broke the attendance record for the First Division. The previous record was 17,284, a number that was surpassed in ticket sales already two weeks ahead of the match. The final figure is disputed with the figures of 24,003 and 25,103 both being used, in either case far exceeding the former record.
FC Ribeira Peixe
Futebol Clube Ribeira Peixe is a football club that plays in the São Tomé Island League, it was recently promoted after being 2nd in the Third Division and plays in the Second Division for the 2017 season. The team is based in the village of Ribeira Peixe, Caué District in the south of the island of São Tomé, São Tomé and Príncipe.

In the 2009–10 two-year season, the club played in the regional First Division. In 2011, they were relegated and in 2012, the club played in the Second Division and at the end of the 2013 season, were relegated and started playing at the lowest Third Division. In 2014, they came back to the Second in 2015 after being in the top two, they were relegated and played for a season in the Third until 2016.  The club currently plays in the Second Division for the 2017 season.

Caué District
Caué is a district of São Tomé and Príncipe, on São Tomé Island. Covering 267 km2 (103 sq mi), it is the largest of the nation's seven districts in terms of area. In population it is the smallest, with 6,031 residents (2012). The district seat is São João dos Angolares. It is divided into the two statistical subdistricts São João dos Angolares and Malanza.: 15