hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act
The Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act, or JOBS Act, is a law intended to encourage funding of small businesses in the United States by easing many of the country's securities regulations. It passed with bipartisan support, and was signed into law by President Barack Obama on April 5, 2012. Title III, also known as the CROWDFUND Act, has drawn the most public attention because it creates a way for companies to use crowdfunding to issue securities, something that was not previously permitted. Title II went into effect on September 23, 2013.  On October 30, 2015, the SEC adopted final rules allowing Title III equity crowdfunding. These rules went into effect on May 16, 2016; this section of the law is known as Regulation CF. Other titles of the Act had previously become effective in the years since the Act's passage.

Bipartisanship
Bipartisanship is a political situation, sometimes referred to as nonpartisanship and usually in the context of a two-party system (especially those of the United States and some other Western countries), in which opposing political parties find common ground through compromise. In multi-partisan electoral systems or in situations where multiple parties work together, it is called multipartisanship. Partisanship is the antonym, where an individual or political party adheres only to its interests without compromise.
Podolina
Podolina [pɔdɔˈlina] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zbójno, within Golub-Dobrzyń County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland.

The village lies 4 kilometres (2 mi) southeast of Zbójno, 16 km (10 mi) south-east of Golub-Dobrzyń, and 39 km (24 mi) east of Toruń.

Golub-Dobrzyń County
Golub-Dobrzyń County (Polish: powiat golubsko-dobrzyński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, north-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is the town of Golub-Dobrzyń, which lies 30 km (19 mi) east of Toruń and 71 km (44 mi) east of Bydgoszcz. The only other town in the county is Kowalewo Pomorskie, lying 13 km (8 mi) north-west of Golub-Dobrzyń.

The county covers an area of 612.98 square kilometres (236.7 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 45,059, out of which the population of Golub-Dobrzyń is 12,563, that of Kowalewo Pomorskie is 4,130, and the rural population is 28,366.
Small nucleolar RNA SNORA30
In molecular biology, SNORA30 (also known as ACA30) is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the biogenesis (modification) of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is located in the nucleolus of eukaryotic cells. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a 'guide RNA' as it 'guides' the modification process.

ACA30 was originally cloned from HeLa cells and belongs to the H/ACA box class of snoRNAs based on its structure and the proteins it is associated with.  snoRNA ACA30 is predicted to guide the pseudouridylation  of U4643 of 28S ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Pseudouridylation is the (isomerisation of the nucleoside uridine) to the different isomeric form pseudouridine(Ψ).

This snoRNA is related to other snoRNAs identified in human (ACA37) and mouse (MBI-26).

Ribosomal RNA
Ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) is a type of non-coding RNA which is the primary component of ribosomes, essential to all cells. rRNA is a ribozyme which carries out protein synthesis in ribosomes. Ribosomal RNA is transcribed from ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and then bound to ribosomal proteins to form small and large ribosome subunits. rRNA is the physical and mechanical factor of the ribosome that forces transfer RNA (tRNA) and messenger RNA (mRNA) to process and translate the latter into proteins. Ribosomal RNA is the predominant form of RNA found in most cells; it makes up about 80% of cellular RNA despite never being translated into proteins itself. Ribosomes are composed of approximately 60% rRNA and 40% ribosomal proteins, though this ratio differs between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Tom Athans
Tom Athans (born 1961) is an American media executive. He is the co-founder and former CEO of Democracy Radio, an organization that created and produced progressive talk radio shows that included The Ed Schultz Show and The Stephanie Miller Show. After his tenure at Democracy Radio, he joined Air America Radio as Executive Vice President for Programming. Athans was married to U.S. Senator Debbie Stabenow from 2003 to 2010.

The Ed Schultz Show
The Ed Schultz Show was a progressive talk radio program hosted by Ed Schultz. It was formerly broadcast from KFGO in Fargo, North Dakota. It was heard on a network of over 100 stations, including seven of the ten largest radio markets. It was also on XM and Sirius satellite radio.

Schultz's radio show moved to New York City in May 2009, a relocation brought on by the launch of his new television show, The Ed Show, on MSNBC.
Schweyen
Schweyen (French pronunciation: [ʃvajɛn]; Lorraine Franconian: Schweije) is a commune in the Moselle department of the Grand Est administrative region in north-eastern France.

The village belongs to the Pays de Bitche and to the Northern Vosges Regional Nature Park. It is located on the German border between the towns of Bitche, France and Zweibrücken, Germany. It has a population of 319 and an area of 1,135 hectares (2,800 acres).

It was first mentioned in 1322 under the name of "Schweien", which comes from the Old German name "Schweiga", which meant "cow" or "cattle".

Today, this village is noted for its brass band, "Amicale des Sapeurs Pompiers et Batterie Fanfare de Schweyen".

Northern Vosges Regional Nature Park
The Northern Vosges Regional Natural Park (French: Parc naturel régional des Vosges du Nord) is a protected area of woodland, wetland, farmland and historical sites in the Grand Est region in northeastern France. The area was officially designated as a regional natural park in 1976.

At its inauguration, the park covered 120,000 hectares (300,000 acres), but it has since grown to 130,500 hectares (322,000 acres).

The rich natural landscape has been added to the UNESCO list of international biosphere reserves.

Northern Vosges PNR does not include any of the Vosges Mountains but rather the foothills just north of them. Despite its name, no part of it lies in the department of Vosges but rather it spans two other departments, Bas-Rhin and Moselle.
Georgia Tech–Tennessee football rivalry
The Georgia Tech–Tennessee football rivalry is an American college football rivalry between the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets and Tennessee Volunteers. The series dates back to 1902 and features two of the most prominent programs in college football history, with Georgia Tech claiming four national championships, 15 conference titles, and 21 consensus All-Americans, and Tennessee claiming six national championships, 16 conference titles, and 38 consensus All-Americans.  Tennessee leads the series 25–17–2.  The series ended in 1987, but it was renewed in the September 2017 Chick-fil-A Kickoff Game. The programs will meet once again in a home-and-home series, in Atlanta in 2026 and in Knoxville in 2027.

Aflac Kickoff Game
The Aflac Kickoff Game (known as the Chick-fil-A Kickoff Game until 2023) is an annual series of college football games played on the opening weekend of the NCAA Division I FBS season in Atlanta, Georgia. Organized by the Peach Bowl, the event coincides with Labor Day weekend in the United States. From its inception in 2008 until 2016, it was held at the Georgia Dome. The Georgia Dome's replacement, Mercedes-Benz Stadium, began hosting the games starting in 2017. Since 2012, there have been occasional doubleheaders in the series.
British Grand Prix (squash)
The British Grand Prix is an annual men's squash tournament that takes place at the National Squash Centre in Manchester.

The tournament was part of the PSA World Series (2010-2011), the most prestigious class of event in the PSA World Tour. The tournament was founded in 2010 and takes place in September. The first two editions of the tournament were won by Egyptian Ramy Ashour. It was a partial replacement of the British Open Squash Championships, which were suspended in 2010 and restarted in 2012.

Professional Squash Association
The Professional Squash Association, or simply the PSA, is the governing body for the men's and women's professional squash circuit. The body operates in a similar fashion to the ATP and the WTA for tennis. The PSA's highest professional level, the PSA Squash Tour involves over 250 tournaments annually around the world. Over 1,200 players from five continents and more than 60 countries are registered with the PSA. Rankings are updated weekly based on performances.
Noise shaping
Noise shaping is a technique typically used in digital audio, image, and video processing, usually in combination with dithering, as part of the process of quantization or bit-depth reduction of a signal. Its purpose is to increase the apparent signal-to-noise ratio of the resultant signal. It does this by altering the spectral shape of the error that is introduced by dithering and quantization, such that the noise power is at a lower level in frequency bands at which noise is considered to be less desirable and at a correspondingly higher level in bands where it is considered to be more desirable. A popular noise shaping algorithm used in image processing is known as ‘Floyd Steinberg dithering’; and many noise shaping algorithms used in audio processing are based on an ‘Absolute threshold of hearing’ model.

Absolute threshold of hearing
The absolute threshold of hearing (ATH), also known as the absolute hearing threshold or auditory threshold, is the minimum sound level of a pure tone that an average human ear with normal hearing can hear with no other sound present. The absolute threshold relates to the sound that can just be heard by the organism. The absolute threshold is not a discrete point and is therefore classed as the point at which a sound elicits a response a specified percentage of the time.

The threshold of hearing is generally reported in reference to the RMS sound pressure of 20 micropascals, i.e. 0 dB SPL, corresponding to a sound intensity of 0.98 pW/m2 at 1 atmosphere and 25 °C. It is approximately the quietest sound a young human with undamaged hearing can detect at 1 kHz. The threshold of hearing is frequency-dependent and it has been shown that the ear's sensitivity is best at frequencies between 2 kHz and 5 kHz, where the threshold reaches as low as −9 dB SPL.
Transport in Albania
Transport in Albania consists of transport by land, water and air, which are predominantly under the supervision of the Ministry of Infrastructure of Albania. The development and improvement of the transport in the country remains among the most important priorities of the Government of Albania.

It has experienced significant changes and major growth and expansion in recent years, especially after the fall of communism in the country. Improvements to the road infrastructure,  urban transport, and air travel have all led to a vast improvement in transportation. These upgrades have played a key role in supporting Albania's economy, which in the past decade has come to rely heavily on the construction industry.

Land transport
Land transport is the transport or purposeful movement of people, animals and/or goods from one location to another via land-based routes. This is in contrast with other main types of transport such as maritime transport, which moves over waterbodies; and aviation, which moves via flight through the atmosphere. The two main forms of land transport are rail transport and road transport.
Albulena Haxhiu
Albulena Haxhiu (born 11 May 1987; Albanian: ['albuleˈna haˈdʒiu]) is a Kosovar politician, currently serving as the Speaker of the Assembly of Kosovo. She has previously served as the Minister of Justice of Kosovo, and as a member of parliament for Vetëvendosje! in the Assembly of Kosovo.

Haxhiu studied law and finance at the University of Pristina. She is married and has three children. She then studied criminal law at the University of Southeast Europe in Tetovo.

Haxhiu is the granddaughter of Kosovar political activist Ahmet Haxhiu.

University of Pristina
The University of Pristina (Albanian: Universiteti i Prishtinës) is a public university located in Pristina, Kosovo. It is the institution that emerged after the disestablishment of the University of Pristina (1969–1999) as a result of the Kosovo War. The inauguration of the university was a historical occurrence not only for the people of Kosovo, but for the whole Albanian nation. On 15 February, the solemn Parliament session took place, which is also proclaimed as The University of Pristina's Day. In the composition of the newly established University of Pristina were faculties with their headquarters in Pristina: the Faculty of Philosophy, Faculty of Law and Economics, Faculty of Engineering and Faculty of Medicine. Now the University of Pristina has 17 faculties, of which 14 are academic faculties and 3 are faculties of applied sciences. 
Contained within the emblem is a translation of the name into Latin, Universitas Studiorum Prishtiniensis.
Broda (surname)
Broda is a surname, which means "chin" in Polish. Notable people with the surname include:

Ana Casas Broda (born 1965), Mexican photographer

Abraham ben Saul Broda (c. 1640–1717), Bohemian rabbi

Christian Broda (1916–1987), Austrian politician

Dave Broda (1944–2010), Canadian politician

Engelbert Broda (1910–1983), Austrian scientist, brother of Christian

Hal Broda (1905–1989), American football player

Jan Broda (born 1940), Czechoslovak athlete

Joel Broda (born 1989), Canadian ice hockey player

Kamil Broda (born 2001), Polish footballer

Marzena Broda (born 1965), Polish poet

Martine Broda (1947–2009), French poet

Turk Broda (1914–1972), Canadian ice hockey player

Ana Casas Broda
Ana Casas Broda (born 1965) is a Mexican photographer. She is known for her work Kinderwunsch (2013) which, created over seven years, explored "the joys and woes of motherhood, from sonograms and childbirth to playful adventures with her two sons".
The Aftermath (Dystopia album)
The Aftermath is the second album by American crust punk/sludge metal band Dystopia. It was originally released in 1999 as a four-track LP on Life Is Abuse Records, and as a 13-track CD featuring additional songs from their splits with Skaven and Suffering Luna, the Backstabber EP, and one unreleased cover, on Life Is Abuse Records, Misanthropic Records and Crawlspace Records. The final song, "Cosmetic Plague", begins near the end of track 12, and is a Rudimentary Peni cover. The LP version contains tracks 1–4 on side A and has an etching on side B.

Rudimentary Peni
Rudimentary Peni are a British anarcho-punk band formed in 1980, emerging from the London anarcho-punk scene. Lead singer/guitarist Nick Blinko is notorious for his witty, macabre lyrics and dark pen-and-ink artwork, prominently featured on all of Rudimentary Peni's albums. Bassist Grant Matthews has also written several songs for the band, though his lyrics primarily focus on sociopolitical themes.
Al-Alusi
Al-Alusi or Al-Aloosi (Arabic: الآلوسي) is a surname and Arabic family name, popular in Iraq among other Arab countries. Notable people with the surname include:

Mahmud al-Alusi (1802–1854), Iraqi Islamic scholar

Mithal al-Alusi (born 1953), Iraqi politician

Mithal al-Alusi
Mithal Jamal Hussein Ahmad al-Alusi (Arabic: مثال جمال حسين أحمد الآلوسي; born 23 May 1953) is an Iraqi politician and the leader of the Iraqi Ummah Party. He was elected to the Iraqi Council of Representatives as an independent in the December 2005 election and was once again elected in the 2014 Iraqi parliamentary election as part of the Civil Democratic Alliance which is an Iraqi political coalition formed by various liberal and civil figures and his party one seat, represented by himself. He arrived in fifth place in Baghdad out of seventy-one seats. He is a Sunni Muslim Arab politician and supports a close alliance with the United States of America, the United Kingdom, Turkey and Israel.
Eric Nolte
Eric Carl Nolte (born April 28, 1964) is a former Major League Baseball pitcher who played for four seasons. He was drafted by the Padres in the Sixth Round of the 1985 MLB draft. He pitched for the San Diego Padres from 1987 to 1989 and 1991 and the Texas Rangers in 1991. Nolte recorded his first MLB win on August 1, 1987.

1985 Major League Baseball draft
The 1985 Major League Baseball draft took place in June 1985. The draft saw the Milwaukee Brewers select B. J. Surhoff first overall. Also picked in the first round were future stars Barry Bonds, Barry Larkin and Rafael Palmeiro.
Cadence Weapon
Roland "Rollie" Pemberton (born February 21, 1986), better known by his stage name Cadence Weapon, is a Canadian rapper based in Toronto, Ontario. Born and raised in Edmonton, Alberta, Pemberton released his first album, Breaking Kayfabe, in 2005 with positive reviews. He subsequently signed with the American record label ANTI-, releasing the albums Afterparty Babies in 2008 and Hope in Dirt City in 2012. In 2009, Cadence Weapon was named Edmonton's Poet Laureate. His first book Magnetic Days was published by Metatron in 2014. Cadence Weapon released a self-titled album in 2018.

His fifth studio album, Parallel World, was released on April 30, 2021, and won the 2021 Polaris Music Prize on September 27, 2021.

Jacques Greene
Philippe Aubin-Dionne (born 1989), better known by the stage name Jacques Greene, is a Canadian electronic musician based in Toronto. He has released music on the LuckyMe and Night Slugs labels and co-owns Vase Records.

Greene released his debut album, Feel Infinite, in 2017 on LuckyMe. He has produced for vocalists Katy B, Tinashe and How to Dress Well, and has remixed Radiohead, Autre Ne Veut, Ciara, and Shlohmo.
Hazarchishma Natural Bridge
Hazarchishma Natural Bridge (Persian: پل طبیعی هزارچشمه) is a natural arch located in central Afghanistan, and the world's 12th largest natural bridge. The bridge spans 64.2 meters (211.0 feet) across its base, and its elevation is 3,100 meters (10,000 feet) above sea level, making it one of the highest large natural bridges in the world.

The bridge is located in the Hindu Kush mountains and approximately 100km north of Band-e Amir, a collection of  six deep blue lakes separated by natural dams made of travertine, in the northern edge of Bamiyan Province in Afghanistan. Hazarchishma natural bridge was discovered in late 2010 by the Wildlife Conservation Society staff.

It is also home to ibex and urial wild sheep.

Wildlife Conservation Society
The Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) is a global 501(c)(3) non-governmental organization, headquartered at the Bronx Zoo in New York City, with a mission to save "wildlife and wild places across the globe". Founded in 1895 as the New York Zoölogical Society (NYZS), the global conservation organization is, as of July 1, 2025, led by President and CEO Adam Falk. WCS manages four New York City wildlife parks in addition to the Bronx Zoo: the Central Park Zoo, New York Aquarium, Prospect Park Zoo, and Queens Zoo. Together, these parks receive 4 million visitors per year. All these facilities are accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA). WCS has a global program doing conservation work on the ground in more than 50 countries.
Greek ship Navarinon
At least three ships of the Hellenic Navy have borne the name Navarinon :

Greek destroyer Navarinon (1944) was an E-class destroyer, launched as HMS Echo in 1934 and renamed  on transfer to Greece in 1944. She was returned to the Royal Navy in 1956 and scrapped.

Greek destroyer Navarinon (D63), a Fletcher-class destroyer launched in 1943 as USS Brown she was transferred to Greece in 1962 and renamed. She was scrapped in 1981.

Greek frigate Navarinon (F-461), an Elli-class frigate launched in 1977 as HNLMS Van Kinsbergen she was transferred to Greece in 1995 and renamed.

Elli-class frigate
The Elli-class frigates are a series of frigates operated by the Hellenic Navy. The ships are of Dutch origin and are also known as Kortenaer-class or Standard-class or S-class frigates. The first two ships (Elli and Limnos), which have lengthened hangars and different armament were built specifically for the Hellenic Navy. The remaining ships are ex-Royal Netherlands Navy S-frigates of the Kortenaer class transferred to the Hellenic Navy in the 1990s and early 2000s. These robust and reliable ships constitute the backbone of the Hellenic Navy. Elli, for which the class is named, is itself named after two famous Greek cruisers, one of which was sunk during peacetime before the Greco-Italian War.
Udan Pirappu
Udan Pirappu (pronunciationⓘ) (transl. Sibling) is a 1993 Indian Tamil-language action drama film directed by P. Vasu. The film stars Sathyaraj, Rahman, Sukanya and Kasthuri, while Thilakan, Nassar, K. R. Vijaya, Radha Ravi, Goundamani, and Mohan Raj appear in supporting roles. It was released on 15 August 1993.

K. R. Vijaya
Deivanayaki, better known by her stage name K. R. Vijaya, is an Indian actress who has featured in Tamil, Malayalam, Telugu and Kannada films. She started her career in 1963 and has been acting for more than six decades in South Indian cinema. The actress has worked with almost all the stalwarts of South Indian cinema and has played many key roles.
Philippine literature in Spanish
Philippine literature in Spanish (Spanish: Literatura filipina en español; Filipino: Literaturang Pilipino sa Espanyol) is a body of literature made by Filipino writers in the Spanish language. Today, this corpus is the third largest in the whole corpus of Philippine literature (Philippine Literature in Filipino being the first, followed by Philippine literature in English). It is slightly larger than the Philippine literature in the vernacular languages. However, because of the very few additions to it in the past 30 years, it is expected that the former will soon overtake its rank.

José Palma
José Palma y Velásquez (Spanish: [xoˈse ˈpalma]: June 3, 1876  –  February 12, 1903) was a Filipino poet and soldier. He was on the staff of La independencia at the time he wrote "Filipinas", a patriotic poem in Spanish. It was published for the first time in the issue of the first anniversary of La independencia on September 3, 1899. The poem fit the instrumental tune "Marcha Nacional Filipina" by Julián Felipe, and it has since been the basis for every translation of the Philippine National Anthem.
Marvin Guy
Marvin Louis Guy (born October 27, 1964) is an American man who was convicted of murder in the death of Bell County, Texas police officer Charles Dinwiddie. In 2014, Dinwiddie died after a no-knock raid had been executed on Guy's house after gunfire erupted, including Guy shooting, stating that he believed the policemen were intruders.

Guy was charged with capital murder in the death of Charles Dinwiddie. Nine years later, his case went to trial and a jury found him guilty on the lesser offense of non-capital murder. Guy's case became notable due to debate over the extent of the castle doctrine, whether Guy's actions were self-defense, and whether Guy was truly the one who shot Dinwiddie.

Bell County, Texas
Bell County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. It is in Central Texas and its county seat is Belton. As of the 2020 census, its population was 370,647. Bell County is part of the Killeen–Temple, Texas, Metropolitan Statistical Area. The county was founded in 1850 and is named for Peter Hansborough Bell, the third governor of Texas. In 2010, the center of population of Texas was located in Bell County, near the town of Holland.