hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ravazd
Ravazd is a village in Győr-Moson-Sopron county, Hungary.

King Ladislaus I donated it to the Benedictine Abbey of Pannonhalma. During the Ottoman invasion, the Cseszneky family also had noble estates in the village. The Turks destroyed the village, but in the 18th century, it was re-populated by Hungarian serfs.

Ravazd is famous for the fountain of King Béla IV.

Pannonhalma
Pannonhalma (Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈpɒnːonɦɒlmɒ]; German: Martinsberg; Slovak: Rábsky Svätý Martin), called Győrszentmárton until 1965, is a town in Győr-Moson-Sopron county in western Hungary. With a little under 4,000 inhabitants, it is about 20 km (12 mi) south-southeast of Győr. Pannonhalma is home to the oldest extant religious and educational institution in Hungary, the Benedictine Pannonhalma Archabbey, which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and major touristic destination.
Ruan Greyling
Ruan Greyling (born 28 July 1993) is a South African sprinter. He won silver at the 2010 Youth Olympic Games in the 400 meters. He also competed in the medley relay for Africa alongside Tinashe Samuel Mutanga, Alphas Kishoyian and Okeudo Jonathan Nmaju.

He is the son of middle-distance runner Bennie Greyling.

Alphas Kishoyian
Alphas Leken Kishoyian (born 12 October 1994) is a Kenyan sprinter.

Kishoyian won a silver medal in the 400 metres at the 2011 World Youth Championships in Athletics, losing to Arman Hall. He also won a silver medal in the 400 m at the 2011 Commonwealth Youth Games, losing to Clovis Asong.
Magic: The Gathering Players Tour
The Players Tour (PT) is a competitive international league for the Magic: The Gathering collectible card game, culminating in the World Championship. It consists of a series of tournaments held throughout the world, each requiring an invitation to participate. The Players Tour permanently replaced the Pro Tour in the 2020 season. Every PT awards a total of $250,000 in cash prizes, with $50,000 going to the winner. The Players Tour is split into three regions: Americas, Europe, and Asia-Pacific. Each region hosts three events, resulting in nine Players Tour events per season.

Wizards Play Network
The Wizards Play Network (WPN) is the  official sanctioning body for competitive play in Magic: The Gathering (Magic) and various other games produced by Wizards of the Coast and its subsidiaries, such as Avalon Hill. Originally, it was known as the DCI (formerly Duelists' Convocation International) but was rebranded in 2008. The WPN provided game rules, tournament operating procedures, and other materials to private tournament organizers and players. It also operated a judge certification program to provide consistent rules enforcement and promote fair play. The DCI's name was still commonly used, however, to refer to the player registration number ("DCI number") until 2020.
Addison and Hedgefield Reserve
Addison and Hedgefield Reserve is a woodland area located in the region of Gateshead, United Kingdom, situated to the north of the B6317 to the west of Ryton, Tyne and Wear. The reserve holds historical significance as it was once the site of a working coal pit and a vibrant mining community. Today, it encompasses woodlands, scrub, grasslands, and wet grasslands, that contain a variety of plant and animal species.

Ryton, Tyne and Wear
Ryton is a village in Tyne and Wear, England. It is in the Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead, historically part of County Durham. In 2011, the population of the Ryton, Crookhill and Stella ward was 8,146. It is 6 miles (9.7 km) west of Newcastle upon Tyne.
Prolargin
Prolargin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PRELP gene.

The protein encoded by this gene is a leucine-rich repeat protein present in connective tissue extracellular matrix. This protein functions as a molecule anchoring basement membranes to the underlying connective tissue. This protein has been shown to bind type I collagen to basement membranes and type II collagen to cartilage. It also binds the basement membrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan perlecan. This protein is suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of Hutchinson–Gilford progeria (HGP), which is reported to lack the binding of collagen in basement membranes and cartilage. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been observed.

Progeria
Progeria  (also Hutchinson–Gilford syndrome or Hutchinson–Gilford progeroid syndrome; HGPS) is a type of progeroid syndrome. A single gene mutation is responsible for causing progeria. The affected gene, known as lamin A (LMNA), makes a protein necessary for holding the cell nucleus together. When this gene mutates, an abnormal form of lamin A protein called progerin is produced. Progeroid syndromes are a group of diseases that cause individuals to age faster than usual. People born with progeria typically live until their mid- to late-teens or early twenties. Severe cardiovascular complications usually develop by puberty, later on resulting in death.
Chợ Mới district, Bắc Kạn
Chợ Mới is a rural district of Bắc Kạn province in the Northeast region of Vietnam. As of 2003 the district had a population of 37,665. The district covers an area of 606 km2. The district capital lies at Chợ Mới.

Yên Bình, Thái Nguyên
Yên Bình is a commune (xã) and village in Thái Nguyên Province, in Vietnam.

In June 2025, Yên Bình Commune was established through the merger of the entire natural area and population of Yên Cư Commune (natural area: 47.20 km²; population: 3,286), Bình Văn Commune (natural area: 26.67 km²; population: 1,624), and Yên Hân Commune (natural area: 26.84 km²; population: 2,126) of Chợ Mới District.
East New York Loop
The East New York Loop was a short rapid transit structure in the East New York neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York City, connecting the Fulton Street Elevated and Broadway Elevated, and its associated service patterns. The changes were unpopular with residents and soon undone; the loop was later used to connect the Canarsie Line to the Broadway Elevated. As part of the Dual Contracts, the loop was torn down and replaced by the multi-level Broadway Junction.

Dual Contracts
The Dual Contracts, also known as the Dual Subway System, were contracts for the construction and/or rehabilitation and operation of rapid transit lines in the City of New York. The contracts were signed on March 19, 1913, by the Interborough Rapid Transit Company and the Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company. As part of the Dual Contracts, the IRT and BRT would build or upgrade several subway lines in New York City, then operate them for 49 years.

Most of the lines of the present-day New York City Subway were built or reconstructed under these contracts. The contracts were "dual" in that they were signed between the City and two separate private companies. Both the IRT and BRT (later Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation, or BMT) worked together to make the construction of the Dual Contracts possible.
Federal Triangle
Federal Triangle is a triangular area in Washington, D.C., formed by 15th Street NW, Constitution Avenue NW, Pennsylvania Avenue NW, and E Street NW. Federal Triangle is occupied by 10 large city and federal office buildings, all of which are part of the Pennsylvania Avenue National Historic Site. Seven of the buildings in Federal Triangle were built by the U.S. federal government in the early and mid-1930s as part of a coordinated construction plan that has been called "one of the greatest building projects ever undertaken".  Two buildings predating this coordinated effort were incorporated into Federal Triangle, and one was constructed in the 1990s.

Federal Triangle station is the Washington Metro station serving Federal Triangle and its immediately surrounding areas.

John A. Wilson Building
The John A. Wilson District Building, popularly known simply as the Wilson Building, houses the district offices and chambers of the Mayor and the Council of the District of Columbia. It was originally called the District Building. In 1994, it was renamed in recognition of former Council Chair John A. Wilson. Completed in 1908, during the administration of 26th President Theodore Roosevelt, the building is a contributing structure to the Pennsylvania Avenue National Historic Site.
Independent University, Bangladesh
Independent University, Bangladesh (Bengali: ইন্ডিপেন্ডেন্ট বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়, more commonly known as IUB) is a private research university in Bangladesh. It is located in Bashundhara of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Founded in 1993 under the Private University Act, 1992. The university awards bachelor's degrees and master's degrees in a wide variety of subjects within business, humanities, social sciences, information technology, engineering, medicine and space and astronomy.

The university has over 19,000 students, both national and international, and is one of Bangladesh's top private universities. It is the first university in Bangladesh to launch deep-sky imaging telescopes.

University Grants Commission of Bangladesh
University Grants Commission of Bangladesh (Bengali: বাংলাদেশ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় মঞ্জুরী কমিশন, romanized: Bañglādeś Biśbobidyālaẏ mañjurī komiśan; abbreviated as UGC) is the apex body responsible for overseeing higher education in Bangladesh, ensuring quality standards, and advising on university development. It was established on 16 December 1972, according to the Presidential Order (P.O. No 10 of 1973) of the Government of People's Republic of Bangladesh. It regulates public and private universities, promoting academic excellence and supporting research initiatives across the country.
Hurn v. Oursler
Hurn v. Oursler, 289 U.S. 238 (1933), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that a significant federal question raised by a suit can give jurisdiction to federal courts. If the federal question is rejected on the merits, the federal court still has jurisdiction to decide the local question on the merits.

The case being discussed was a copyright infringement suit.

In United States v. United States Gypsum Co., the Court's majority opinion referred to Hurn v. Oursler in passing. Justice Felix Frankfurter expanded this and recounted the case's background in his concurrence as a key point in his argument.

United States v. United States Gypsum Co.
United States v. United States Gypsum Co. was a patent–antitrust case in which the United States Supreme Court decided, first, in 1948, that a patent licensing program that fixed prices of many licensees and regimented an entire industry violated the antitrust laws, and then, decided in 1950, after a remand, that appropriate relief in such cases did not extend so far as to permit licensees enjoying a compulsory, reasonable–royalty license to challenge the validity of the licensed patents. The Court also ruled, in obiter dicta, that the United States had standing to challenge the validity of patents when a patentee relied on the patents to justify its fixing prices. It held in this case, however, that the defendants violated the antitrust laws irrespective of whether the patents were valid, which made the validity issue irrelevant.
Shakuntala Railway
Shakuntala Railway was a 2 ft 6 in narrow gauge 189 km lone railway line that ran from Achalpur in north in Amravati district to Yavatmal in southeast via Murtizapur in Akola district. It is being converted to 1676 mm Broad gauge. It was originally called Yavatmal–Murtizapur Junction–Achalpur railway, before it was renamed after Shakuntala Deshmukh née Jadhav, who was wife of freedom fighter (Indian independence activist) Balwantrao Deshmukh.

Akola district
Akola district (Marathi pronunciation: [əkolaː]) is a district in the Indian state of Maharashtra. The city of Akola is the district headquarters. Akola district forms the central part of Amravati Division, which was the former British Raj Berar Province.

Area of the district is 5,428 km2. It is bounded on the north and east by Amravati District, to the south by Washim District, and to the west by Buldhana District. Washim was earlier a part of Akola till 1999. Akola district includes seven talukas which are Akola, Akot, Telhara, Balapur, Barshitakli, Murtijapur and Patur.
Taurates
Taurates (or taurides) are a group of mild anionic surfactants. They are composed of a hydrophilic head group, consisting of N-methyltaurine (2-methylaminoethanesulfonic acid) and a lipophilic residue, consisting of a long-chain carboxylic acid (fatty acid), both linked via an amide bond. The fatty acids used could be lauric (C12), myristic (C14), palmitic (C16) or stearic acid (C18), but mainly mixtures of oleic acid (C18:1) and coconut fatty acid (C8 – C18) are used. Besides sodium, no other counterions play a relevant role (these could be e. g. ammonium or other alkali or alkaline earth metals).

Acyl chloride
In organic chemistry, an acyl chloride (or acid chloride) is an organic compound with the functional group −C(=O)Cl. Their formula is usually written R−COCl, where R is a side chain.  They are reactive derivatives of carboxylic acids (R−C(=O)OH).  A specific example of an acyl chloride is acetyl chloride, CH3COCl. Acyl chlorides are the most important subset of acyl halides.
Nowra Anglican College
The Nowra Anglican College, (abbreviated as NAC), is an independent Anglican co-educational early learning, primary, and secondary day school, located on the corner of West Bunbera Street and the Princes Highway, in Bomaderry in the South Coast region of New South Wales, Australia.

Established in 2000 as a Kindergarten to Year 7 school, additional years were added with every year, and became Kindergarten to Year 12 school in 2005. In 2009 the College took over the management of Bomaderry Community Preschool. It is a member school of the Sydney Anglican Schools Corporation, currently with over 860 students.

South Coast (New South Wales)
The South Coast refers to the narrow coastal belt from the Shoalhaven district in the north to the state border with Victoria in the south in the south-eastern part of the State of New South Wales, Australia. It is bordered to the west by the coastal escarpment of the Southern Tablelands, and is largely covered by a series of national parks, namely Jervis Bay National Park, Eurobodalla National Park, and Beowa National Park. To the east is the coastline of the Pacific Ocean, which is characterised by rolling farmlands, small towns and villages along a rocky coastline, interspersed by numerous beaches and lakes.

The South Coast includes Shoalhaven district in the north and the Bega Valley in the more remote south as well as the Eurobodalla Shire and the Commonwealth Jervis Bay Territory which is adjacent to the City of Shoalhaven Local Government Area. Some definitions of the region include the Illawarra, but it is often seen as a separate and distinct region of New South Wales.
Kalo Chorio, Larnaca
Kalo Chorio Larnakas (Greek: Καλό Χωριό Λάρνακας, literally 'Good Village'; Turkish: Vuda) is a village located in the Larnaca District of Cyprus, 10 km west of the town of Larnaca. Prior to 1974, the majority of the village consisted of Turkish Cypriots.

Larnaca
Larnaca, also spelled Larnaka, is a city on the southeast coast of Cyprus and the capital of the Larnaca District. With a district population of 155,000 in 2021, it is the third largest city in the country after Nicosia and Limassol.

Built on the ruins of Kition, an Ancient Greek city-state and the birthplace of Stoic philosopher Zeno of Citium, Larnaca is home to the Church of Saint Lazarus, Hala Sultan Tekke, the Kamares Aqueduct, Larnaca Castle, Larnaca District Archaeological Museum, and Pierides Museum. It attracts many visitors to its beaches, as well as to Finikoudes (Φοινικούδες; Greek for "palm trees"), the city's signature seafront promenade lined with palm trees. It gives its name to the country's primary airport, Larnaca International Airport, which is situated in the neighbouring village of Dromolaxia rather than Larnaca proper. It also has a seaport and a marina.
Lev Gatovsky
Lev Markovich Gatovsky (Russian: Лев Маркович Гатовский; 26 July 1903 – 18 April 1997) was a Soviet economist, being one of the first who tried to create a theoretical framework in which to understand the nature of the socialist project taking place in the Soviet Union from a political economy perspective. He became director of the Institute of Economics of the Soviet Academy of Sciences, later renamed Russian Academy of Sciences, from 1965 to 1971. Apart from his general academic work, he contributed to several major economic developments such as the first two five-year economic plans and the 1965 Soviet Economic Reform, as well as editing the first Political Economy textbook of the USSR.

Demand
In economics, demand is the quantity of a good that consumers are willing and able to purchase at various prices during a given time. In economics "demand" for a commodity is not the same thing as "desire" for it. It refers to both the desire to purchase and the ability to pay for a commodity.

Demand is always expressed in relation to a particular price and a particular time period since demand is a flow concept. Flow is any variable which is expressed per unit of time. Demand thus does not refer to a single isolated purchase, but a continuous flow of purchases.
Cucurbiteae
The Cucurbiteae are a tribe of the subfamily Cucurbitoideae, which is part of the flowering plant family Cucurbitaceae (gourds). Species are usually monoecious herbaceous annuals or woody lianas.

The tribe consists of 13 genera reported, but a 2011 study based on genetics reported 11. Members of the genus Cucurbita produce economically valuable fruits, namely squashes and pumpkins.

Abobra
Abobra is a monotypic genus of the gourd family containing the one species Abobra tenuifolia (syn. Abobra viridiflora Naudin, Bryonia tenuifolia Hook. & Arn.). It is a diecious, perennial climbing plant reaching up to the height of 4 m (13 ft). It is native to South America (Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay) and is sometimes cultivated as ornamental plants and also for its edible fruits. The flowers exude a strong fragrance and are of pale green color and blossom between July and August. The seeds ripen between September and October. The fruit is ovoid and has a diameter of 14 mm. Common names include cranberry gourd.
Parish of Nattery
The Parish of Nattery is a parish of Argyle County located between Goulburn and Marulan in New South Wales. It is just east of the village of Towrang and includes the locality of Carrick. The Wollondilly River is the boundary in the north-west. Jerraba creek is part of the boundary in the south-east. The Southern Highlands railway line runs through the northern end of the parish, to the east of the Wollondilly river. The Hume Highway passes through the middle of the parish.

Portion 103 of the parish was granted to Joseph Peters, on which the Woolpack Inn was built and licensed on 17 June 1834.

Towrang
Towrang is a village in the Southern Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia, in Goulburn Mulwaree Council. It is approximately 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) north of Goulburn on the Hume Highway 180 kilometres (110 mi) south from Sydney. At the 2016 census, Towrang had a population of 171.
Grove Lime Kiln
Grove Lime Kiln is a disused 19th century lime kiln on the Isle of Portland, Dorset, England. It is located close to HM Prison Portland and The Grove village. Owned by the prison service, the lime kiln has been Grade II Listed since 2009.

The Grove Lime kiln is one of a few remaining lime kilns on the island. A 19th-century lime kiln at Easton Lane, now a residence, is another Grade Listed II example. Another kiln is found opposite, while at New Ground, another well-preserved example exists, but is hidden by undergrowth. Finally at Avalanche Road, within the Southwell village, remains another surviving kiln.

Southwell, Dorset
Southwell (pronounced south-well) is a small coastal village in Tophill on the Isle of Portland, Dorset. As Portland and Dorset's southernmost village, it lies between Portland Bill and the villages of Easton and Weston. Though close to the Bill, the village is sheltered by hills on three sides. It is the only village on Portland not to be designated a conservation area.

The Great Southwell Landslip, named after the village, remains Britain's second largest recorded historical landslide on the east side of Portland, occurring in 1734, between Durdle Pier and Freshwater Bay, at a distance of one and a half miles.
2013 Tashkent Open
The 2013 Tashkent Open was a WTA International tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 15th edition of the Tashkent Open, on the 2013 WTA Tour. It took place at the Tashkent Tennis Center in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, from September 7 through September 14, 2013. First-seeded Bojana Jovanovski won the singles title.

Tashkent Open
The Tashkent Open by Zeromax was a women's tennis tournament held in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. First held in 1999, this WTA Tour event is an International tournament and is played on outdoor hard courts.

Since 2014, the event has been scheduled in early autumn, during the same week as the Wuhan Open. In 2020, the tournament was replaced by the Lyon Open.
1977 Minnesota Twins season
The 1977 Minnesota Twins season  was the 17th season for the Minnesota Twins franchise in the Twin Cities of Minnesota, their 17th season at Metropolitan Stadium and the 77th overall in the American League.  The Twins finished 84–77, fourth in the American League West.

Metropolitan Stadium
Metropolitan Stadium (often referred to as "the Met", "Met Stadium", or now "the Old Met" to distinguish from the Metrodome) was an outdoor sports stadium in the north central United States, located in Bloomington, Minnesota, a suburb of Minneapolis.

The Minneapolis Millers of Minor League Baseball were the original tenant from 1956 to 1960, but Metropolitan Stadium was best known as the home of the American League's Minnesota Twins and the Minnesota Vikings of the National Football League (NFL); both played at the "Met" for 21 seasons, from 1961 through 1981. The Minnesota Kicks of the North American Soccer League (NASL) also played there from 1976 to 1981.

Southwest of the airport, the stadium site is now the Mall of America, which opened in 1992.
Immunoediting
Immunoediting is a dynamic process that consists of immunosurveillance and tumor progression. It describes the relation between the tumor cells and the immune system. It is made up of three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

Reactive oxygen species
In chemistry and biology, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive chemicals formed from diatomic oxygen (O2), water, and hydrogen peroxide. Some prominent ROS are the hydroperoxide radical or hydroperoxyl (HO2), superoxide (O2−), the hydroxyl radical (OH.), and singlet oxygen(1O2).  ROS are pervasive because they are readily produced from O2, which is abundant.  ROS are important in many ways, both beneficial and otherwise.  ROS function as signals, that turn on and off biological functions.  They are intermediates in the redox behavior of O2, which is central to fuel cells.  ROS are central to the photodegradation of organic pollutants in the atmosphere.  Most often, however, ROS are discussed in a biological context, ranging from their effects on aging and their role in causing dangerous genetic mutations.
Romanengo
Romanengo (Cremasco: Rumanènch) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cremona in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) east of Milan and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) northwest of Cremona.

Romanengo borders the following municipalities: Casaletto di Sopra, Izano, Offanengo, Salvirola, Ticengo.

Cremona
Cremona (/krɪˈmoʊnə/ krim-OH-nə, UK also /krɛˈ-/ krem-, Italian: [kreˈmoːna]; Cremunés: Cremùna; Emilian: Carmona) is a city and comune (municipality) in northern Italy, situated in Lombardy, on the left bank of the Po river in the middle of the Po Valley. It is the capital of the province of Cremona and the seat of the local city and province governments. The city of Cremona is especially noted for its musical history and traditions, including some of the earliest and most renowned luthiers, such as Giuseppe Guarneri, Antonio Stradivari, Francesco Rugeri, Vincenzo Rugeri, and several members of the Amati family.