hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Islam in Uttar Pradesh
Islam in Uttar Pradesh is the second largest religion in the state with 38,483,967 adherents in 2011, forming 19.26% of the total population. Muslims of Uttar Pradesh have also been referred to as Hindustani Musalman (Urdu: ہندوستانی مسلمان). They do not form a unified ethnic community, but are differentiated by sectarian and Baradari divisions, as well as by language and geography. Nevertheless, the community shares some unifying cultural factors. Uttar Pradesh has more Muslims than any Muslim-majority country in the world except Indonesia, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nigeria, Egypt, Iran, Turkey, Iraq and Afghanistan.

Muslim Kayasths
The Muslim Kayasths (Urdu: مسلمان کائستھ), also known as Siddiqui, are descendants of the Kayasth community of North India, mainly modern Uttar Pradesh, which embraced Islam during the medieval period. They are now mostly concentrated in the Pakistani provinces of Punjab and Sindh as well as northern India.
Okonina
Okonina (pronounced [ɔkɔˈniːna]) is a settlement on the left bank of the Savinja River in the municipality of Ljubno in Slovenia. The area belongs to the traditional region of Styria and is now included in the Savinja Statistical Region.

The local church is dedicated to Saint James and belongs to the parish of Radmirje. It has a wide nave with two chapels in its transepts. It is mentioned in documents dating back to 1426, but the current building dates back to the 1720s.

Radmirje
Radmirje (pronounced [ɾadˈmiːɾjɛ], German: Frattmannsdorf) is a village south of Ljubno ob Savinji in Slovenia. The area belongs to the traditional region of Styria and is now included in the Savinja Statistical Region.

The local parish church is dedicated to Saint Francis Xavier and belongs to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Celje. It was built between 1721 and 1725 to replace a 15th-century church dedicated to Saint Barbara. A second smaller church is built on a hill in the centre of the settlement and is dedicated to Saint Michael. It was first mentioned in written documents dating to 1395, but has been extensively rebuilt over the centuries.
Chandrasekhar algorithm
Chandrasekhar algorithm refers to an efficient method to solve matrix Riccati equation, which uses symmetric factorization and was introduced by Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar  in his book, Radiative Transfer. This technique was later adapted for use in control theory, leading to the development of the Chandrasekhar equations, which  refer to a set of linear differential equations that reformulates continuous-time algebraic Riccati equation (CARE).

Algebraic Riccati equation
An algebraic Riccati equation is a type of nonlinear equation that arises in the context of infinite-horizon optimal control problems in continuous time or discrete time.

A typical algebraic Riccati equation is similar to one of the following:

the continuous time algebraic Riccati equation (CARE):

or the discrete time algebraic Riccati equation (DARE):

P is the unknown n by n symmetric matrix and A, B, Q, R are known real coefficient matrices, with Q and R symmetric.

Though generally this equation can have many solutions, it is usually specified that we want to obtain the unique stabilizing solution, if such a solution exists.
Scooby-Doo and Scrappy-Doo (1979 TV series)
Scooby-Doo and Scrappy-Doo is an American animated television series, and the fourth incarnation of the Scooby-Doo franchise, produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions for ABC. It premiered on September 22, 1979, and ran for one season as a half-hour animated program. A total of sixteen episodes were produced. It aired internationally on BBC One in the United Kingdom from 1981 to 1984. It was the last Hanna-Barbera cartoon series (excluding prime-time specials) to use the studio's laugh track.

Scooby-Doo (character)
Scooby Dooby Doo is a fictional cartoon character and the main protagonist of the eponymous animated television franchise created in 1969 by the American animation company Hanna-Barbera. He is a male Great Dane and lifelong companion of amateur detective Shaggy Rogers, with whom he shares many personality traits. He features a mix of both canine and human behaviors (reminiscent of other talking animals in Hanna-Barbera's series), and is treated by his friends more or less as an equal. Scooby often speaks in a rhotacized way, substituting the first letters of many words with the letter 'r' a speech pattern that, while never fully explained, is understood and accepted without question by those around him. His catchphrase is "Scooby-Dooby-Doo!"
Odiidae
Odiidae is a family of amphipods, sometimes included in the family Ochlesidae. It includes the following genera:

Antarctodius Berge, Vader & Coleman, 1999

Cryptodius Moore, 1992

Imbrexodius Moore, 1992

Odius Liljeborg, 1865

Postodius Hirayama, 1983

Odius (crustacean)
Odius is a genus of amphipods belonging to the family Ochlesidae.

The species of this genus are found in Arctic regions.

Species:

Odius carinatus (Spence Bate, 1862)

Odius cassigerus Gurjanova, 1972

Odius oclairi (Moore, 1992)

Odius polarsterni (Brandt & Vassilenko, 1995)
United Javakhk Democratic Alliance
The United Javakhk Democratic Alliance (Armenian: Միացյալ Ջավախք ժողովրդավարական դաշինք, romanized: Miats’yal Javakhk’ Zhoghovrdavarakan dashink’) is a non-government organization composed of ethnic Armenians living in the Samtskhe-Javakheti region of Georgia. It has, at various times, called for local autonomy of the predominantly ethnic Armenian area of Javakheti known in Armenian as Javakhk, whence the organization's name. Its current leader is Vahagn Chakhalyan.

Government of Georgia (country)
The Government of Georgia (Georgian: საქართველოს მთავრობა, romanized: sakartvelos mtavroba) is the supreme body of executive power in Georgia that implements the domestic and foreign policies of the country. It consists of the prime minister—the head of the government—and ministers and is accountable and responsible to the Parliament of Georgia. The current powers and responsibilities of the government are governed by the amendments of the Constitution of Georgia passed in 2017 and 2018. From 14 May 1991 to 9 November 1996, the executive government of Georgia was referred to as the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Georgia (საქართველოს რესპუბლიკის მინისტრთა კაბინეტი).

The incumbent government of Prime Minister Irakli Kobakhidze was sworn in on February 8, 2024.
Nesah-ye Sofla
Nesah-ye Sofla (Persian: نسه سفلي, also Romanized as Nesah-ye Soflá; also known as Nesah-ye Mollā Ghaz̧anfar) is a village in Sepidar Rural District, in the Central District of Boyer-Ahmad County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 87, in 13 families.

Sepidar Rural District (Boyer-Ahmad County)
Sepidar Rural District (Persian: دهستان سپيدار) is in Sepidar District of Boyer-Ahmad County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Pazanan. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Sepidar, now a city.
Alan Ford (swimmer)
Alan Robert Ford (December 7, 1923 – November 3, 2008) was an American competition swimmer, Olympic medalist, and former world record-holder in two events.  Ford won a silver medal at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London, and was the first person to swim the 100-yard freestyle in under 50 seconds.

Robert J. H. Kiphuth
Robert John Herman Kiphuth (November 17, 1890 – January 7, 1967) was an American swimming coach and college athletics administrator. He served as the head men's swimming coach at Yale University for 41 years, from 1918 to 1959. During his tenure with the Yale Bulldogs swimming and diving team, he amassed a record of 520 wins to only 12 losses, along with four NCAA titles (1942, 1944, 1951, 1953), earning a reputation as one of America's most winning swim coaches in the history of the sport.
Spraglegga Ridge
Spraglegga Ridge (71°55′S 14°45′E﻿ / ﻿71.917°S 14.750°E﻿ / -71.917; 14.750) is a ridge that is partly rock and partly covered by snow, surmounted by Stenka Mountain, standing 4.5 nautical miles (8 km) southeast of Kvaevefjellet Mountain in the Payer Mountains, Queen Maud Land. Discovered and plotted from air photos by German Antarctic Expedition, 1938–39. Replotted from air photos and surveys by Norwegian Antarctic Expedition, 1956 60, and named Spraglegga.

Payer Mountains
The Payer Mountains (German: Payergruppe) is a group of scattered mountains extending north-south for about 37 km (23 mi), standing 15 km (9 mi) east of the Weyprecht Mountains and forming the eastern half of the Hoel Mountains in central Queen Maud Land.

They were discovered by the Third German Antarctic Expedition (1938–1939), led by Capt. Alfred Ritscher, and named for Julius Payer, Austrian polar explorer, who in company with Karl Weyprecht discovered Franz Josef Land in 1873.
2023 Kozerki Open
The 2023 Kozerki Open was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the second edition of the tournament which was part of the 2023 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Grodzisk Mazowiecki, Poland between 14 and 19 August 2023.

2023 ATP Challenger Tour
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour in 2023 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2023 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 196 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $40,000 up to $220,000. It was the 46th edition of Challenger tournaments cycle and 15th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Wei Fenghe
Wei Fenghe (Chinese: 魏凤和; pinyin: Wèi Fènghé; born February 1954) is a retired former general (shang jiang) in the People's Liberation Army (PLA) who served as commander of the PLA Rocket Force, formerly known as the Second Artillery Corps. From 2018 to 2023, he was the Minister of National Defense, the first to have not come from the PLA Ground Forces and the first-ranked State Councilor from March 2018 to March 2023, and also the first-ranked ordinary Member of the Central Military Commission (CMC).

In September 2023, Wei was investigated by the CMC's disciplinary inspection department for charges of corruption. In June 2024, he was expelled from the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and his case transferred to the military judiciary for criminal prosecution, and his rank of General in the Rocket Force revoked.

State councillor
A State Councillor of the People's Republic of China (Chinese: 中华人民共和国国务委员; pinyin: guówù wěiyuán) serves as a senior vice leader within the State Council and shares responsibilities with the Vice Premiers in assisting the Premier in the administration and coordination of governmental affairs.
February 2025 Kosovan parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Kosovo on 9 February 2025 to elect the 120 members of the Assembly. Following the February election, Vetëvendosje of Prime Minister Albin Kurti remained the largest party, but without an overall majority and no party was able to form the government in what was described as a constitutional crisis. Kurti, who was elected Prime Minister in 2021, remained in office in a caretaker capacity throughout the year until new elections were held in December.

Central Election Commission (Kosovo)
The Central Election Commission (Albanian: Komisioni Qendror i Zgjedhjeve, Serbian: Централна Изборна Комисија, romanized: Centralna Izborna Komisija), abbreviated in English as CEC, in Albanian as KQZ and in Serbian as ЦИК/CIK, is the permanent, independent, non-partisan election commission responsible for conducting parliamentary, local elections, and referendums in the Republic of Kosovo. It also oversees political parties, government bodies, and the media to ensure electoral laws are upheld.

The commission consists of the Commissioner, the Deputy Commissioner, the Regulatory Commission, and the Commission for Complaints and Sanctions.
Kopurererua
Kopurererua is a rural community in the upper valley of the Kopurererua Stream in the Western Bay of Plenty District and Bay of Plenty Region of New Zealand's North Island. The lower Kopurererua valley is in Tauranga.

Western Bay of Plenty District
Western Bay of Plenty District is a territorial district within the Bay of Plenty Region of New Zealand. The district envelops Tauranga city by land, and includes Matakana Island, at the entrance to Tauranga Harbour.
Kyriakos Papadopoulos
Kyriakos Papadopoulos (Greek: Κυριάκος Παπαδόπουλος; born 23 February 1992) is a Greek professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for non-league club Svoronos Katerinis. He last played, at a professioanl level, for Greek Super League club Levadiakos.

Having made his first league appearances for Olympiacos at the age of 15, Papadopoulos moved to Germany in 2010 to join Schalke 04 and scored on his senior debut for Greece the following year, aged 19. However, his career progress in the Bundesliga was hampered by a succession of injuries over several seasons.

2007–08 Super League Greece
The 2007–08 Super League Greece was the 72nd season of the highest football league of Greece and the second under the name Super League. The season began on 1 September 2007 and ended on 20 April 2008. The defending champions were Olympiacos. Asteras Tripolis, Veria and Levadiakos were promoted from Beta Ethniki in the previous season.
Engine swap
In car tuning culture, an engine swap is the process of removing a car's original engine and replacing it with another. This may be a like-for-like replacement or the installation of a non-factory specification engine. Typically, an engine swap is performed for performance using a more powerful engine, but may also be performed for ease of maintenance as older engines may have a shortage of spare parts.

MG MGB
The MGB is a two-door sports car which was manufactured from 1962 until 1980 by the British Motor Corporation (BMC) (later the Austin-Morris division of British Leyland) and marketed under the MG marque. It was announced and its details first published on 19 September 1962. Introduced as a four-cylinder soft-top roadster, later variants include the MGB GT three-door 2+2 coupé (1965–1980), the six-cylinder sports car and coupé MGC (1967–1969), and the eight-cylinder 2+2 coupé, the MGB GT V8 (1973–1976).

Replacing the MGA in 1962, production of the MGB and its variants continued until 1980, though fixed roof GT models ceased export to the US in 1974. Sales for the MGB, MGC and MGB GT V8 combined totaled 523,836 cars. After a 12-year hiatus, the MGB re-entered production as the heavily modified MG RV8 with a limited run of 2,000 cars before its final replacement in 1995 by the MG F.
High Bridge Reformed Church
High Bridge Reformed Church is a historic church located at Church Street and County Route 513 in High Bridge in Hunterdon County, New Jersey. The church, built in 1870, is part of the Reformed Church in America. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 21, 1980, for its significance in architecture and religion.

High Bridge Reformed Church and Chapel

High Bridge, New Jersey
High Bridge is a borough in Hunterdon County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the borough's population was 3,546, a decrease of 102 (−2.8%) from the 2010 census count of 3,648, which in turn reflected a decline of 128 (−3.4%) from the 3,776 counted in the 2000 census.
Prophets of Regulation
Prophets of Regulation: Charles Francis Adams, Louis D. Brandeis, James M. Landis, Alfred E. Kahn is a book by American business historian Thomas K. McCraw, published in 1984, which won the 1985 Pulitzer Prize for History.

The book is about the American trade and industry regulation history, profiling Charles Francis Adams, Louis D. Brandeis, James M. Landis, and Alfred E. Kahn.  “McCraw explains sophisticated economic theory in accessible terms, and he has a historian’s knack for isolating such basic American traits as a mistrust of big business and for showing how regulators manipulated these traits to implement their policies.” (New York Times Book Review)

Pulitzer Prize for History
The Pulitzer Prize for History, administered by Columbia University, is one of the seven American Pulitzer Prizes that are annually awarded for Letters, Drama, and Music. It has been presented since 1917 for a distinguished book about the history of the United States. Thus it is one of the original Pulitzers, for the program was inaugurated in 1917 with seven prizes, four of which were awarded that year. The Pulitzer Prize program has also recognized some historical work with its Biography prize, from 1917, and its General Nonfiction prize, from 1962.

Finalists have been announced since 1980, ordinarily two others beside the winner.
Sendling
Sendling (German pronunciation: [ˈzɛntlɪŋ] ⓘ) is a borough of Munich. It is located south-west of the city centre and spans the city boroughs Sendling and Sendling-Westpark. Sendling is subdivided into Obersendling, Mittersendling, and Untersendling. Untersendling and Mittersendling are located in the borough of Sendling, and Obersendling is located in the borough of Thalkirchen-Obersendling-Forstenried-Fürstenried-Solln.

Thalkirchen-Obersendling-Forstenried-Fürstenried-Solln
Thalkirchen-Obersendling-Forstenried-Fürstenried-Solln (German pronunciation: [taːlˈkɪʁçn̩ oːbɐˈzɛntlɪŋ ˈfɔʁstn̩ˌʁiːt ˈfʏʁstn̩ˌʁiːt ˈzɔl̩n]; Central Bavarian: Thoikircha-Obasendling-Forstnriad-Fiastnriad-Soin) is the 19th borough of Munich, Germany, comprising the extreme southern part of the city on the west bank of the river Isar. After the administrative reform, the boroughs Thalkirchen-Obersendling-Forstenried and Solln were incorporated, thus forming the new borough. It comprises 17.7631 square kilometres and has a population of 96,714 residents (as of 2018).
Mise en place
Mise en place (French pronunciation: [mi zɑ̃ ˈplas]) is a French culinary phrase which means "putting in place" or "gathering". It refers to the setup required before cooking, and is often used in professional kitchens to refer to organizing and arranging the ingredients (e.g., cuts of meat, relishes, sauces, par-cooked items, spices, freshly chopped vegetables, and other components) that a cook will require for the menu items that are expected to be prepared during a shift.

The practice can be applied in home kitchens.

In the kitchen, the phrase is used as a noun (i.e., the setup of the array of ingredients), a verb (i.e., the process of preparing) and a state of mind. The term's broader meanings can be applied to classrooms, hospitals, IT departments, and elsewhere.

Culinary arts
Culinary arts are the cuisine arts of the preparation, cooking, and presentation of food, usually in the form of meals. People working in this field – especially in establishments such as restaurants – are commonly called chefs or cooks, although, at its most general, the terms culinary artist and culinarian are also used.

Expert chefs are in charge of making meals that are both aesthetically beautiful and delicious. This often requires understanding of food science, nutrition, and diet. Delicatessens and relatively large institutions like hotels and hospitals rank as their principal workplaces after restaurants.
Oligolactoria
Oligolactoria bubiki is an extinct prehistoric boxfish that lived during the Rupelian epoch from the Middle Oligocene of Moravia, Czech Republic.

In life, it would have strongly resembled a modern cowfish (genus Lactoria).

Ostraciidae
Ostraciidae or Ostraciontidae is a family of squared, bony fish belonging to the order Tetraodontiformes, closely related to the pufferfishes and filefishes. Fish in the family are known variously as boxfishes, cofferfishes, cowfishes and trunkfishes. It contains about 23 extant species in 6 extant genera.
ISO 3166-2:GG
ISO 3166-2:GG is the entry for Guernsey in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.

Currently no ISO 3166-2 codes are defined in the entry for Guernsey.

Guernsey, a Crown dependency of the United Kingdom, is officially assigned the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code GG since 2006. Previously it was assigned the ISO 3166-2 code GB-GSY under the entry for the United Kingdom.

ISO 3166-2:GB
ISO 3166-2:GB is the entry for the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (GBNI) in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal divisions and subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.  The codes and structures for the United Kingdom (UK) are provided to the ISO in Geneva by the British Standards (BS) and the Office for National Statistics (ONS).
Information processing (psychology)
In cognitive psychology, information processing is an approach to the goal of understanding human thinking that treats cognition as essentially computational in nature, with the mind being the software and the brain being the hardware. It arose in the 1940s and 1950s, after World War II. The information processing approach in psychology is closely allied to the computational theory of mind in philosophy; it is also related to cognitivism in psychology and functionalism in philosophy.

Robert Sternberg
Robert J. Sternberg (born December 8, 1949) is an American psychologist and psychometrician. He is a professor of Human Development at Cornell University. Sternberg received his BA from Yale University and a PhD from Stanford University under advisor Gordon Bower. He is a distinguished associate of the Psychometrics Centre at the University of Cambridge.

Among his major contributions to psychology, the most notable are the triarchic theory of intelligence and several influential theories related to creativity, wisdom, thinking styles, love, hate, and leadership. A Review of General Psychology survey, published in 2002, ranked Sternberg as the 60th most cited psychologist of the 20th century.
Paramount Plaza Walk of Fame
The Paramount Plaza Walk of Fame honors artists who recorded for Paramount Records in Grafton, Wisconsin with a 'piano key'.

The first of a total of 44 'piano keys' is 2 feet (0.61 m) wide by 7 feet (2.1 m) long and made of black granite to resemble a keyboard. Annually, additional keys – placed by the Village of Grafton – will be inscribed with the names of artists who recorded for Paramount Records.

Starting in 2006, the first inductees chosen by the Paramount GIG ('Grooves In Grafton') organization, in Grafton, were Charley Patton, Ma Rainey, Blind Lemon Jefferson, Skip James, Thomas Dorsey, and Henry Townsend.

Paramount Records
Paramount Records was an American record label known for its recordings of jazz and blues in the 1920s and early 1930s, including such artists as Ma Rainey, Tommy Johnson, Blind Blake and Blind Lemon Jefferson.
Revagupti
Revagupti (pronounced rēvagupti) is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is a pentatonic scale (audava rāgam or owdava rāgam). It is a janya rāgam (derived scale), as it does not have all the seven swaras (musical notes).

It is a morning rāgam.  The similar scales in Hindustani music are Rewa and Bibhas.

Arohana
Arohana, arohanam, aroh or aroha, in the context of Indian classical music, is the ascending scale of notes in a raga. The pitch increases as we go up from Shadja (Sa) to the Taar Shadja (Sa), possibly in a crooked (vakra) manner.

It contrasts with an avarohana, avarohanam or avaroha the descending scale of any raga. The notes descend in pitch from the upper tonic (taar shadja or Sa) down to the lower tonic, possibly in a crooked (vakra) manner.