hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rafi Ahmed
Rafi Ahmed (born 1948 in Hyderabad, India) is an Indian-American virologist and immunologist. He is the Charles Howard Candler Professor of Microbiology and Immunology at Emory University, where he is also the director of the Emory Vaccine Center and a Georgia Research Alliance Eminent Scholar in Vaccine Research. In 2009, he was elected to the National Academy of Sciences.

Georgia Research Alliance
The Georgia Research Alliance is an Atlanta, Georgia-based nonprofit organization that coordinates research efforts between Georgia's public and private sectors. While the GRA receives a state appropriation for investment in university-based research opportunities, its operations are funded through foundation and industry contributions. In its first 19 years, the GRA leveraged $525 million in state funding into $2.6 billion of additional federal and private investment. The university partners include the following institutions:

University of Georgia

Augusta University

Emory University

Clark Atlanta University

Georgia Institute of Technology

Georgia State University

Mercer University

Morehouse School of Medicine
Tõnu Möls
Tõnu Möls (12 June 1939 in Tartu – 1 December 2019 ) was an Estonian mathematician and biologist.

In 1965 he described the moth Epirrhoe tartuensis.

From 1994 until 2004, he was the president of Estonian Naturalists' Society.

In 2001, he was awarded with Order of the White Star, V class.

Order of the White Star
The Order of the White Star (Estonian: Valgetähe teenetemärk; French: Ordre de l'Etoile blanche) was instituted in 1936. The Order of the White Star is bestowed on Estonian citizens and foreigners to give recognition for services rendered to the Estonian state.
Chadwick Pictures
Chadwick Pictures was an American film production and distribution company active during the silent and early sound eras. It was originally established in New York by Isaac E. Chadwick (1884 – 1952) in 1920 to release films, but from 1924 also began to produce them. In later years the company's independent films were similar to those of other small studios on Poverty Row. Following the introduction of sound, its releases were handled by Monogram Pictures. In 1933 it ceased production entirely.

Film distribution
Film distribution, also called film exhibition or film distribution and exhibition, is the process of making a film available for viewing to an audience. This is normally the task of a professional film distributor, who would determine the marketing and release strategy for the film, the media by which a film is to be exhibited or made available for viewing and other matters. The film may be exhibited directly to the public either through a movie theater, physical media (DVD, Blu-ray), digital download/transactional video on demand (VOD) (sale or rental), subscription VOD (e.g. Amazon Prime Video, Apple TV+, Disney+, Netflix) or television programs through broadcast syndication. For commercial projects, film distribution is usually accompanied by film promotion.
Guy II the Red of Rochefort
Guy II the Red de Montlhéry (died 1108), son of Guy I, Seigneur de Montlhéry, and Hodierne de Gometz-la-Ferté. He held the titles of Count of Rochefort-en-Yvelines and  Châtelain of Châteaufort and of Gometz, and was Seneschal of France under Philip I the Amorous (1104–1106).

Guy joined with the Lombard contingent in the minor Crusade of 1101, later joining the army of Stephen of Blois.  He apparently rebelled against Louis VI, King of France (once his son-in-law), when he was killed.

Philip I of France
Philip I (c. 1052 – 29 July 1108), called the Amorous (French: L’Amoureux), was King of the Franks from 1060 to 1108. His reign of nearly 48 years, like that of most of the early Capetians, was extraordinarily long for the time. The monarchy began a modest recovery from the low it had reached during the reign of his father, Henry I, and he added the Vexin region and the viscountcy of Bourges to his royal domaine.
Oldbac Kalana
The Oldbac Kalana is a track-only sports car developed by Estonian car manufacturer Oldbac, and built in partnership with Italian coachbuilder Manifattura Automobili Torino. The car was created with the intention of setting a lap time of under 1:00 at the Porsche Ring, where it currently holds the outright record.

Porsche Ring
Porsche Ring (also known as Audru ringrada, auto24ring, Audru Ring, Pärnu Ring, Sauga Ring and EST-Ring) is a motor racing circuit in Papsaare, near Pärnu, Estonia. It is operated by A2 Racing MTÜ and is the only permanent road circuit in Estonia. The circuit hosts rounds of Baltic Touring Car Championship and other Estonian, Finnish, Baltic and North European Zone events. It is also possible to rent track cars and enjoy different driving experiences or drive your own vehicle (car, motorcycle).
Segonkō Kofun
Segonkō Kofun (千金甲古墳)  are two Kofun period decorated kofun burial mounds, located in the Kojima Shitamachi neighborhood of the city of  Kumamoto, Kumamoto Prefecture Japan. The tumuli were separately designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1921.

Kumamoto Prefecture
Kumamoto Prefecture (熊本県, Kumamoto-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [kɯ.ma.mo.to, -toꜜ.keɴ]) is a prefecture of Japan located on the island of Kyūshū. Kumamoto Prefecture has a population of 1,683,115 (as of 1 October 2025) and has a geographic area of 7,409 square kilometres (2,861 sq mi). Kumamoto Prefecture borders Fukuoka Prefecture to the north, Ōita Prefecture to the northeast, Miyazaki Prefecture to the southeast, and Kagoshima Prefecture to the south.

Kumamoto is the capital and largest city of Kumamoto Prefecture, with other major cities including Yatsushiro, Amakusa, and Tamana. Kumamoto Prefecture is located in the center of Kyūshū on the coast of the Ariake Sea, across from Nagasaki Prefecture, with the mainland separated from the East China Sea by the Amakusa Archipelago. Kumamoto Prefecture is home to Mount Aso, the largest active volcano in Japan and among the largest in the world, with its peak 1,592 metres (5,223 ft) above sea level.
Miss Teen USA 2014
Miss Teen USA 2014, the 32nd Miss Teen USA pageant. It was held at the Atlantis Paradise Island Resort in Nassau, Bahamas on August 2, 2014, and was hosted by Australian journalist Karl Jeno Schmid and Miss USA 2013 Erin Brady. Cassidy Wolf of California crowned her successor K. Lee Graham of South Carolina at the end of the event.

Miss California Teen USA
The  Miss California Teen USA competition is the pageant that selects the representative for the state of California in the Miss Teen USA pageant. It was formed in 1983. This pageant is part of the Miss USA Organization.

California is in the top five most successful states at Miss Teen USA in terms  of number and value of placements. Miss California Teen USA titleholders have been invited to red-carpet movie premieres, such as that for Santa Clause 3 attended by Kylee Lin, and She's the Man, attended by Jessica Powell.

The current titleholder is Raynah Hudson of Malibu, who is crowned on August 10, 2025, at the Hyatt Regency Orange County. Hudson represented California at Miss Teen USA 2025.
Prem Prakash Singh
Prem Prakash Singh (born 1 October 1952) and (died 24 February 2023) is an Indian politician from Samajwadi Party.village - paina(Deoria). He was elected as an MLA from Barhaj constituency in 2012. He was also questioned by Chief Electoral Officer since it was found that he was voting at two distinct locations. As per Indian law, you can only register to vote from one place.

Barhaj Assembly constituency
Barhaj is a constituency of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly covering the city of Barhaj in the Deoria district of Uttar Pradesh, India. Barhaj is one of five assembly constituencies in the Bansgaon Lok Sabha constituency. Since 2008, this assembly constituency is numbered 342 amongst 403 constituencies. Bharatiya Janta Party candidate Deepak Mishra won in last Assembly election of 2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Elections.
2012 President's Cup – Women's singles
The 2012 President's Cup Women's singles was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts in Astana, Kazakhstan.

Vitalia Diatchenko would be the defending champion, but chose not to participate.

Maria João Koehler won the title defeating Marta Sirotkina in the final 7–5, 6–2.

Vitalia Diatchenko
Vitalia Anatolyevna Diatchenko (Russian: Виталия Анатольевна Дьяченко, IPA: [vʲɪˈtalʲɪjə dʲjɪˈtɕenkə] ⓘ; born 2 August 1990) is a Russian tennis player. Her career-high singles ranking is world No. 71, achieved on 17 November 2014. On 21 February 2011, she peaked at No. 60 in the WTA doubles rankings.
Zilioli
Zilioli is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Cesare Zilioli (born 1938), Italian sprint canoeist

Gianfranco Zilioli (born 1990), Italian cyclist

Italo Zilioli (born 1941), Italian cyclist

Italo Zilioli
Italo Zilioli (born 24 September 1941) is an Italian former professional cyclist.

Born in Turin, he won 58 races as a professional, including the 1966 Züri-Metzgete. He also totaled 5 stage wins at the Giro d'Italia; however, he never won the major tour of his country. He finished the Giro in the top 5 on six occasions and made the podium four times, finishing 2nd in 1964, 1965 and 1966, and finishing 3rd in 1969 as a member of Filotex.

During the 1970 Tour de France he won stage 2 and took over the Yellow jersey, which caused a minor controversy as it angered his teammate Eddy Merckx, who was anticipated to wear the jersey for the majority of the race and repeat as champion. Zilioli held the jersey for three stages before relinquishing it to Merckx.

Zilioli lives in the province of Cuneo (Piedmont) and is responsible for the stage starts for Giro d'Italia.
2018 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting
The 2018 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting (also known as CHOGM 2018) was the 25th meeting of the heads of government of the Commonwealth of Nations, held on 19–20 April 2018 in the United Kingdom.

The meeting was planned to be held at the end of 2017 in Vanuatu, but was moved to the United Kingdom after the impact of Cyclone Pam on the infrastructure of Vanuatu. The meeting was then postponed to April 2018 due to other international commitments.

The position of Commonwealth Chair-in-Office, held by the government leader of the CHOGM host country, was transferred at the summit from the prime minister of Malta to the prime minister of the United Kingdom, who held the post until the 26th CHOGM in 2022.

Prime Minister of Malta
The prime minister of Malta (Maltese: Prim Ministru ta' Malta) is the head of government, which is the highest official of Malta. The prime minister chairs Cabinet meetings, and selects its ministers to serve in their respective portfolios. The prime minister holds office by their ability to command the confidence of the Parliament, as such they sit as members of Parliament.

The prime minister is appointed by the president, in doing so, the president believes that the appointed individual is the most able to command the majority of the House of Representatives; typically, this individual is the leader of a political party or coalition of parties that hold the largest number of seats in the House of Representatives.

The prime minister is ex officio an appointee to the grade of Companion of Honour - K.U.O.M. (Kumpanju tal-Unur) of the National Order of Merit.
Hossein-Ali Amiri
Hossein-Ali Amiri (Persian: حسینعلی امیری) is an Iranian jurist and conservative politician who currently serves as the governor general of Fars province since 2024.

He was Vice President of Iran for Parliamentary Affairs from 2016 to 2021. Amiri formerly held office as the deputy of Ministry of Interior under Abdolreza Rahmani Fazli, a member of the Guardian Council and a deputy of Judiciary branch under Mahmoud Hashemi Shahroudi.

Governor-general
Governor-general (plural governors-general), or governor general (plural governors general), is the title of an official, most prominently associated with the British Empire and the Commonwealth. In the context of the governors-general and former British colonies, governors-general continue to be appointed as viceroy to represent the monarch of a personal union in any sovereign state over which the monarch does not normally reign in person (non-UK Commonwealth realm). In the British Empire, governors-general were appointed on the advice of the government of the United Kingdom and were often British aristocracy, but in the mid-twentieth century they began to be appointed on the advice of the independent government of each realm and were citizens of each independent state.

Governors-general have also previously been appointed in respect of major colonial states or other territories held by either a monarchy or republic, such as Japan, Korea, Taiwan and France in Indochina.
Artur Yeghoyan
Artur Yeghoyan (born 14 September 1990) is an Armenian cross-country skier. He represented Armenia at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2013 in Val di Fiemme, and the 2015 World Championships in Falun. He competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, in the 30 kilometre skiathlon.

Fiemme Valley
Fiemme Valley (Italian: Val di Fiemme, German: Fleimstal) is a valley in the Trentino province, i.e. the southern half of the Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol region, in northern Italy, located in the Dolomites mountain region.
Bexagliflozin
Bexagliflozin, sold under the brand name Brenzavvy, is an antidiabetic medication used to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes. It is a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor that is taken by mouth.

The most common side effects include genital yeast infections, urinary tract infections, and increased urination.

Bexagliflozin was approved for medical use in the United States in January 2023.

Oral administration
Oral administration is a route of administration whereby a substance is taken through the mouth, swallowed, and then processed via the digestive system. This is a common route of administration for many medications.

Oral administration can be easier and less painful than other routes of administration, such as injection.  However, the onset of action is relatively low, and the effectiveness is reduced if it is not absorbed properly in the digestive system, or if it is broken down by digestive enzymes before it can reach the bloodstream. Some medications may cause gastrointestinal side effects, such as nausea or vomiting, when taken orally. Oral administration can also only be applied to conscious patients, and patients able to swallow.
Calep Emphrey Jr.
Calep H. Emphrey Jr. (May 1, 1949 – April 25, 2017) was an American blues drummer and bandleader, best known as a member of B. B. King's band.

Born in Greenville, Mississippi, he played French horn and saxophone in the school band at Coleman High School, before attending Mississippi Valley State College, where he majored in music.  Around 1969, he began playing drums in Little Milton's band, before joining first Freddie King and then Albert King.  In 1977, he joined B. B. King's band, remaining a member of King's band until around 2009. He formed his own Calep Emphrey Blues Band, and issued an album, Handcuffed to the Blues, in 2010.

Emphrey died in 2017, aged 67. In 2017 the Killer Blues Headstone Project placed the headstone for Calep Emphry Jr. at Oaklawn Cemetery in Greenville, Mississippi.

Mississippi Valley State University
Mississippi Valley State University (MVSU, The Valley or Valley) is a public historically black university in Mississippi Valley State, Mississippi, adjacent to Itta Bena, Mississippi. MVSU is a member-school of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund.
Judah Löb Minden
Judah Löb ben Joel Minden (Hebrew: יהודא ליב בן יואל‏ מינדן, romanized: Yehuda Leyb ben Yo'el Minden) was an 18th-century German Jewish lexicographer.

In 1760, with the approval of the rabbinates of Berlin and Halberstadt, he published Millim le-eloah, the first Hebrew-German dictionary produced by a Jew. Inspired by David Kimḥi's Sefer ha-shorashim, the work also contained discussions of the grammatical functions of the letters. In 1765 Minden published a new edition of Benjamin Musaphia's Zekher rav as a supplement to his own work.

David Kimhi
David Kimhi (Hebrew: ר׳ דָּוִד קִמְחִי, also Kimchi or Qimḥi) (1160–1235), also known by the Hebrew acronym as the RaDaK (רַדָּ״ק) (Rabbi David Kimhi), was a medieval rabbi, biblical commentator, philosopher, and grammarian.
Neolioceratoides
Neolioceratoides is a genus of ammonites that lived during the Pliensbachian and Toarcian stages of the Early Jurassic. It has been considered to be a synonym of Lioceratoides, although cladistic analysis has shown that this genus is not only valid, but they even belong to different subfamilies, as Lioceratoides belongs to Harpoceratinae. Its fossils were found in Europe and northern Africa.

Toarcian
The Toarcian is, in the ICS' geologic timescale, an age and stage in the Early or Lower Jurassic. It spans the time between 184.2 Ma (million years ago) and 174.7 ±0.8 Ma.  It follows the Pliensbachian and is followed by the Aalenian.

The Toarcian Age began with the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event, a major anoxic event associated with marine extinctions and increased global temperatures  that sets its fossil faunas apart from the previous Pliensbachian age. It is believed to have ended with a global cooling event known as the Comptum Cooling Event, although whether it represented a worldwide event is controversial.
Finger gun
The finger gun is a hand gesture in which a person will use their hand to mimic a handgun, raising their thumb above their fist to act as a hammer, and one or two fingers extended perpendicular to it acting as a barrel. The middle finger can also act as the trigger finger or part of the barrel itself. An optional clicking of the fingers or making firing sounds with the mouth can be included when forming the "gun" to emphasise the gesture. The gesture can be intended to be a friendly gesture or a threat, among other meanings, depending on context.

Hammer (firearms)
The hammer is a part of a firearm that is used to strike the percussion cap/primer, or a separate firing pin, to ignite the propellant and fire the projectile. It is so called because it resembles a hammer in both form and function. The hammer itself is a metal piece that forcefully rotates about a pivot point.

The term tumbler can refer to a part of the hammer or a part mechanically attached to the pivot-point of the hammer, depending on the particular firearm under discussion (see half-cock). According to one source the term tumbler is synonymous with hammer.
Guru Deshpande
Guru Deshpande is an Indian film director, producer and distributor, known for his work in Kannada film industry. He is well known for Raja Huli starring Yash and Meghana Raj. In 2019, Guru Deshpande turned produced launching his banner G Cinemas and started a Film Institute under the name G Academy in Bengaluru.

Film distributor
A film distributor is a person responsible for the marketing of a film. The distribution company may be the same as, or different from, the production company. Distribution deals are an important part of financing a film.

The distributor may set the release date of a film and the method by which a film is to be exhibited or made available for viewing; for example, directly to the public either theatrically or for home viewing (DVD, video-on-demand, download, television programs through broadcast syndication etc.). A distributor may do this directly, if the distributor owns the theaters or film distribution networks, or through theatrical exhibitors and other sub-distributors. A limited distributor may deal only with particular products, such as DVDs or Blu-ray, or may act in a particular country or market. The primary distributor will often receive credit in the film's credits, one sheet or other marketing material.
Don't Tell Me Now (song)
"Don't Tell Me Now" is a song recorded by Australian rock band Mental As Anything, released in 1987 through the label CBS Records. It was released as the third and final single from the bands sixth studio album Mouth to Mouth. The song peaked at number 36 on the ARIA Charts and stayed in the charts for 20 weeks. It was written by Mental As Anything guitarist Martin Plaza.

Martin Plaza
Martin Edward Murphy (born 23 December 1955), commonly known by the pseudonym Martin Plaza, is an Australian singer-songwriter, musician and visual artist who is a founding member, vocalist and guitarist of the new wave band Mental As Anything. He has also worked with other bands and is an accomplished artist. Plaza also has a solo music career and had a No. 2 hit in Australia with his 1986 cover of the song "Concrete and Clay".
Channel 40 TV stations in Canada
The following television stations broadcast on digital or analog channel 40 in Canada:

CFCN-TV-13 in Pigeon Mountain, Alberta

CHNB-TV-13 in Miramichi, New Brunswick

CHOT-DT in Gatineau, Quebec

CIVK-DT-2 in Percé, Quebec

CJCH-TV-7 in Yarmouth, Nova Scotia

CJMT-DT in Toronto, Ontario

CKND-DT in Winnipeg, Manitoba

CHNB-DT
CHNB-DT (channel 12) is a television station in Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada, owned and operated by the Global Television Network, a division of Corus Entertainment. It serves as the network's outlet for both New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island (by way of a repeater in Lot 22 serving Charlottetown). CHNB-DT is sister to CIHF-DT in Halifax, Nova Scotia, and the two stations share studios on Gottingen Street in Downtown Halifax; CHNB-DT's transmitter is located on Mount Champlain. Aside from the transmitters, CHNB-DT does not maintain any physical presence locally in New Brunswick or Prince Edward Island.
Topswops
Topswops (and the variants Topdrops, Bottomswops and Bottomdrops) are mathematical problems devised and analysed by the British mathematician John Conway in 1973. Contrary to other games and problems introduced by Conway, these problems have not received much attention from the scientific community. Two famous mathematicians who have contributed to the problem are Martin Gardner and Donald Knuth.

Mathematical problem
A mathematical problem is a problem that can be represented, analyzed, and possibly solved, with the methods of mathematics. This can be a real-world problem, such as computing the orbits of the planets in the Solar System, or a problem of a more abstract nature, such as Hilbert's problems. It can also be a problem referring to the nature of mathematics itself, such as Russell's Paradox.
Mahmoud Shawkat
Mahmoud Shawkat Aqel Musleh (Arabic: محمود شوكت عقل مصلح; born May 20, 1995) is a Jordanian football player who plays as a midfielder for Jordanian Pro League side Al-Wehdat and the Jordan national team.

Al-Wehdat SC
Al-Wehdat Sports Club (Arabic: نادي الوحدات الرياضي) is a Jordanian sports club founded in 1956. Its football team competes in the Jordanian Pro League, the top flight of Jordanian football.

The club is based in and represents the Palestinian refugee camp Al-Wehdat in Amman. The football team's home games are played at King Abdullah II Stadium (cap. 13,265).
Cactus and a Rose
Cactus and a Rose is an album by the American musician Gary Stewart, released in 1980. The singer's seventh studio album, it only reached No. 49 on Billboard's "Country Albums" chart, spawning two low-charting singles: "Cactus and a Rose" (No. 48) and "Are We Dreamin' the Same Dream" (No. 66).  Produced by Chips Moman, it features Southern rockers Gregg Allman, Dickey Betts, Mike Lawler, Bonnie Bramlett (from Delaney, Bonnie & Friends), and Randy Scruggs as well as his usual honky-tonk style.

Delaney & Bonnie
Delaney & Bonnie were an American duo of singer-songwriters Delaney Bramlett and Bonnie Bramlett. In 1969 and 1970, they fronted a rock/soul ensemble, Delaney & Bonnie and Friends, whose members at different times included Duane Allman, Gregg Allman, Eric Clapton, George Harrison, Leon Russell, Bobby Whitlock, Dave Mason, Steve Howe, Rita Coolidge, and King Curtis.