hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
William Bruce Almon
William Bruce Almon (25 October 1787 – 12 July 1840) was a medical doctor and politician in Halifax, Nova Scotia.  He was the son of William James Almon. He went to University of Edinburgh to study medicine (1809). He was involved in caring for inmates of the jail and the poor house with his father.  In the aftermath of the war of 1812, he petitioned the government for assistance for the 185 Black refugees who came to the poor house from the ship Chesapeake.

As health officer in 1840, he boarded a ship to treat passengers suffering from typhus.  He contracted the disease and soon died at the age of 52.  His son was William Johnston Almon.

At the base of his monument in St. Paul's Church is the parable of the Good Samaritan, in which a traveller is stripped of clothing, beaten, and left half dead alongside the road. First a priest and then a Levite comes by, but both avoid the man.

He was buried in the Old Burying Ground (Halifax, Nova Scotia).

Kohen
Kohen (Hebrew: כֹּהֵן, romanized: kōhēn, pronounced [koˈ(h)en]; pl. כֹּהֲנִים, kōhănīm, [ko(h)aˈnim]) is the Hebrew word for "priest", used in reference to the Aaronic priesthood, also called Aaronites or Aaronides. They are traditionally believed, and halakhically required, to be of direct patrilineal descent from the biblical Aaron (also Aharon), brother of Moses, and thus belong to the Tribe of Levi.

During the existence of the Temple in Jerusalem (and previously the Tabernacle), kohanim performed the Temple sacrificial offerings, which were only permitted to be offered by them. Following its destruction, it seems that most of them joined the Synagogal Jewish movement before adopting gradually Rabbinic Judaism, other types of Judaism, Christianity or Islam. Today, kohanim retain a lesser though distinct status within Rabbinic and Karaite Judaism, including certain honors and restrictions.

In the Samaritan community, the kohanim have remained the primary religious leaders.
The Pingelly Leader
The Pingelly Leader was a newspaper published in Pingelly from 1906 until 1925. The newspaper was launched by John Mackay, who was previously proprietor and editor of the Wagin Argus and had started the Great Southern Leader of Narrogin, under the management of James Henry Greive. It was originally printed at Wagin for its first few issues but was later issued from Pingelly starting 31 August 1906. The paper changed its name and served a larger area beginning 8 October 1925, becoming the Pingelly-Brookton Leader.

Pingelly
Pingelly is a town and shire located in the Wheatbelt region of Western Australia, 158 kilometres (98 mi) from Perth via the Brookton Highway and Great Southern Highway. The town is also located on the Great Southern railway line.

The surrounding areas produce wheat and other cereal crops. The town is a receival site for Cooperative Bulk Handling. At the 2016 census, Pingelly had a population of 809.
Ihor Biskup
Ihor Biskup (Ukrainian: Ігор Іванович Біскуп; born 11 August 1960) is a former Soviet and Ukrainian footballer and Ukrainian football coach. He is known as a record holder for the most appearances for FC Nyva Ternopil in 1978-2002 during which the club transformed from an amateur team to the flagman of local football.

Biskup participated in the 1991–92 Soviet Cup when Nyva beat FC Ararat Yerevan and Biskup scored a goal (an equalizer). After that game, Nyva did not go to the next match in Yerevan due to the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict as Ararat has forfeited it. The decision of not traveling to the Caucasus region was taken after the away game against PFC Spartak Nalchik (1991 Soviet Second League) which Nyva lost, but Nyva's players were threatened with physical "influence".

Ihor Biskup has a son Andriy who also played football as a defender at lower Ukrainian leagues including FC Nyva Ternopil.

PFC Spartak Nalchik
PFC Spartak Nalchik (Russian: Профессиональный футбольный клуб "Спартак Нальчик") is a Russian association football club based in Nalchik that plays in the fourth-tier Russian Second League Division B. They played in the Russian Premier League between 2006 and 2012.
Caffenol
Caffenol is a photographic alternative process whereby phenols, sodium carbonate and optionally vitamin C are used in aqueous solution as a film and print photographic developer.

Other basic (as opposed to acidic) chemicals can be used in place of sodium carbonate; however, sodium carbonate is the most common.

There are many formulas for caffenol, all based on preparations that contain caffeic acid (i.e., coffee or tea) and a pH modifier, most often sodium carbonate. The chemistry of caffenol developers is based on the action of the reducing agent caffeic acid, which is chemically unrelated to caffeine.

Phenols
In organic chemistry, phenols, sometimes called phenolics, are a class of chemical compounds consisting of one or more hydroxyl groups (−O H) bonded directly to an aromatic hydrocarbon group. The simplest is phenol, C6H5OH. Phenolic compounds are classified as simple phenols or polyphenols based on the number of phenol units in the molecule.

Phenols are both synthesized industrially and produced by plants and microorganisms.
Hard and soft G
In the Latin-based orthographies of many European languages, the letter ⟨g⟩ is used in different contexts to represent two distinct phonemes that in English are called hard and soft ⟨g⟩. The sound of a hard ⟨g⟩ (which often precedes the non-front vowels ⟨a o u⟩ or a consonant) is usually the voiced velar plosive [ɡ] (as in gain or go) while the sound of a soft ⟨g⟩ (typically before ⟨i⟩, ⟨e⟩, or ⟨y⟩) may be a fricative or affricate, depending on the language. In English, the sound of soft ⟨g⟩ is the affricate /dʒ/, as in general, giant, and gym. A ⟨g⟩ at the end of a word usually renders a hard ⟨g⟩ (as in "rag"), while if a soft rendition is intended it would be followed by a silent ⟨e⟩ (as in "rage").

Affricate
An affricate is a consonant that begins as a stop and releases as a fricative, generally with the same place of articulation (most often coronal). It is often difficult to decide if a stop and fricative form a single phoneme or a consonant pair. English has two affricate phonemes, /t͡ʃ/ and /d͡ʒ/, generally spelled ch and j, respectively.
Yorghaki
Yorghaki Yacoub (born 3 May 1999), known professionally as Yorghaki, is a Venezuelan singer-songwriter of the reggaeton and afrobeat genres. In 2025, Alleh & Yorghaki were nominated for the 2025 Premios Juventud to be held in Panama.

2025 Premios Juventud
The 22nd Premios Juventud were held on September 25, 2025, recognizing the best in pop culture of young Hispanic and Latino Americans in 2025. The ceremony took place at the Figali Convention Center in Fort Amador, Panama. It was simulcast by Univision, UniMás, Galavisión, and streamed on ViX. This was the first edition since the 2nd Premios Juventud in 2005 to not be held in July.
Parachute Band (military band)
The Parachute Band (French: Musique des Parachutistes) is a Toulouse-based military band of the French Army. It is stationed in the Balma District of Toulouse. Composed of 55 musicians, in consists of all professional musicians under a chief music director (currently Philippe Ballada). Its field of action represents 20 departments across the Aquitaine, Midi-Pyrénées, Limousin and Poitou-Charentes regions. It is administratively attached to the 11th Parachute Brigade.

Midi-Pyrénées
Midi-Pyrénées (French pronunciation: [midi piʁene] ⓘ; Occitan: Miègjorn-Pirenèus [mjɛdˈdʒuɾ piɾeˈnɛws] or Mieidia-Pirenèus [mjejˈði.ɔ piɾeˈnɛws]; Spanish: Mediodía-Pirineos) is a former administrative region of France. Since 1 January 2016, it has been part of the new region of Occitania. It was the largest region of Metropolitan France by area, larger than the Netherlands or Denmark.

Midi-Pyrénées has no historical or geographical unity. It is one of the regions of France created in the late 20th century to serve as a hinterland and zone of influence for its capital, Toulouse, one of a handful of so-called "balancing metropolises" (métropoles d'équilibre). Another example of this is the region of Rhône-Alpes which was created as the region for Lyon.
Nicholas Hagiotheodorites
Nicholas Hagiotheodorites (Greek: Νικόλαος Ἁγιοθεοδωρίτης, romanized: Nikolaos Hagiotheodōritēs; died 1175) was a Byzantine scholar, official, and Metropolitan of Athens.

The Hagiotheodorites family first appears in the early 12th century, and were all civil and religious functionaries. Nicholas and his two brothers all rose to occupy the highest offices under Manuel I Komnenos (r. 1143–1180): Michael Hagiotheodorites became epi tou kanikleiou, orphanotrophos, and logothetes tou dromou, while John Hagiotheodorites became Eparch of Constantinople and mesazon.

Nicholas Hagiotheodorites served as law teacher (nomophylax) and even held the post of maistor ton rhetoron ("master of the rhetoricians"). He then resided in Athens as its metropolitan bishop from ca. 1160 to his death in 1175. His successor was the scholar Michael Choniates.

Archbishopric of Athens
The Archbishopric of Athens (Greek: Ιερά Αρχιεπισκοπή Αθηνών) is a Greek Orthodox archiepiscopal see based in the city of Athens, Greece. It is the senior see of Greece, and the seat of the autocephalous Church of Greece. Its incumbent (since 2008) is Ieronymos II of Athens. As the head of the Church of Greece, the holder is styled Archbishop of Athens and All Greece (Αρχιεπίσκοπος Αθηνών και πάσης Ελλάδος).
Froth flotation
Froth flotation is a process for selectively separating hydrophobic materials from hydrophilic. This is used in mineral processing, paper recycling and waste-water treatment industries. Historically this was first used in the mining industry, where it was one of the great enabling technologies of the 20th century. It has been described as "the single most important operation used for the recovery and upgrading of sulfide ores". The development of froth flotation has improved the recovery of valuable minerals, such as copper- and lead-bearing minerals. Along with mechanized mining, it has allowed the economic recovery of valuable metals from much lower-grade ore than previously possible.

Sulfide mineral
The sulfide minerals are a class of minerals containing sulfide (S2−) or disulfide (S2−2) as the major anion. Some sulfide minerals are economically important as metal ores. The sulfide class also includes the selenides, the tellurides, the arsenides, the antimonides, the bismuthinides, the sulfarsenides and the sulfosalts.  Sulfide minerals are inorganic compounds.
MLW Blood and Thunder
Blood and Thunder is a professional wrestling supercard event produced by Major League Wrestling (MLW) that was first held in 2019. The first three events served as television tapings for MLW Fusion, while other matches from the third event aired as part of MLW Underground Wrestling.

MLW Fusion
MLW Fusion is an American professional wrestling streaming television program produced by Major League Wrestling (MLW) that premiered on April 20, 2018. Originally airing on beIN Sports USA, Fusion moved to MLW's YouTube channel in 2020; with beIN Sports now airing replays on Saturdays. From November 10, 2022, to February 2, 2023, the series would stream on Pro Wrestling TV.

A thirteen-part mini-series, titled MLW Fusion: Alpha (stylized as MLW Fusion: ALPHA), aired from September 22 to December 16, 2021. A second mini-series, MLW Azteca, aired from Thursday January 6 to February 3, 2022.
Christian Gaillard
Christian Gaillard (20 March 1951 – 9 August 2018) was a French painter born in Avignon, France. He lived in Paris and Arles, France.

His figurative style was inspired by Spanish painters including Diego Velázquez, Zurbarán, Goya, Zuloaga and the Mexican Baroque.

He was the first painter born outside of Spain to be awarded First Prize by the Real Maestranza de Caballería de Sevilla. The winning painting is now part of the Maestranza's collection.

When asked about his classical style, Gaillard stated: "Whether or not an approach can be labeled modern is not very important; what matters is that it be unique." His technique as a painter was grounded in video and photography; media in which he also worked.

Francisco de Zurbarán
Francisco de Zurbarán (/ˌzʊərbəˈrɑːn/ ZOOR-bə-RAHN, Spanish: [fɾanˈθisko ðe θuɾβaˈɾan]; baptized 7 November 1598 – 27 August 1664) was a Spanish painter. He is known primarily for his religious paintings depicting monks, nuns, and martyrs, and for his still-lifes. Zurbarán gained the nickname "Spanish Caravaggio", owing to the forceful use of chiaroscuro in which he excelled.

He was the father of the painter Juan de Zurbarán.
Swordsmen from the Stars
Swordsmen from the Stars is a collection of sword and planet science fantasy short stories by American author Poul Anderson. It was first published in trade paperback and ebook by DMR Books in April 2020.

Short story collection
A short story collection is a book of short stories and/or novellas by a single author. A short story collection is distinguished from an anthology of fiction, which would contain work by several authors (e.g., Les Soirées de Médan). The stories in a collection may or may not share a tone, theme, setting, or characters with one another.
Muhammad Osman Said
Muhammad Osman Essed (or Assed) (17 October 1924 – 31 December 2007) was a Libyan politician who held many positions in the era of the Kingdom of Libya including the Prime Minister of Libya from 17 October 1960 to 19 March 1963.

Brak, Libya
Brak (sometimes written Biraq or Birak (Arabic: براك) is a town in the Wadi al Shatii District in west-central Libya. The town serves as the administrative center of the district, housing key government offices and public services. It is also the largest urban settlement in the region, both in terms of population and infrastructure. Its central role in governance and its size make it a vital hub for economic activity, healthcare, education, and transportation within the surrounding area.
Core Component Technical Specification
A cornerstone of the UN/CEFACT standardisation activities is the Core Component Technical Specification (CCTS). Core Components are the syntax-neutral and technology-independent building blocks that can be used for data modeling. Major benefits of CCTS include improved reuse of existing data artifacts, improved enterprise interoperability, and consistency across vertical industry standards.

Related work includes the OASIS CAM specification and OASIS Registry Repository specification.

OASIS Open
The Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS; /oʊˈeɪ.sɪs/), also known as OASIS Open, is an industry consortium that develops technical standards for information technology.
Soul Assassins II
Muggs Presents Soul Assassins II is the second studio album by American hip-hop collective Soul Assassins. It was released on October 3, 2000, via RuffLife Records. Recording sessions took place at The Cutting Room, at Battery Studios, at Greenstreet Studios and at D&D Studios in New York, at PatchWerk Recording Studios in Atlanta, at Soul Assassins Studios in Los Angeles, and at CMO Greens Studios. Production was primarily handled by DJ Muggs, with three tracks produced by The Alchemist and one by DJ Khalil. The album includes features with Kool G Rap, Infamous Mobb's Godfather Pt. III, Xzibit, King T, GZA, Goodie Mob, Kurupt, Screwball's Hostyle, Self Scientific, Krondon, Phenam a.k.a. Don Krisis, Ras Kass, Dilated Peoples, Roscoe, Cypress Hill and Everlast.

Roscoe (rapper)
David Brown Williams (born 1983), better known by his stage name Roscoe, is an American rapper.

He released his debut album, Young Roscoe Philaphornia, in 2003, with the album debuting at #148 on the Billboard 200.
John Rawlinson (cricketer, born 1867)
John Baldwin Rawlinson (1 May 1867 – 12 May 1945) was an English first-class cricketer and stockbroker.

The son of Robert Rawlinson, he was born in May 1867 at Whitehaven. He was educated at Malvern College, before going up to Brasenose College, Oxford. While studying at Oxford, he made a single appearance in first-class cricket for Oxford University against A. J. Webbe's XI at Oxford in 1887. Batting once in the match, he was dismissed without scoring in the Oxford first innings by John Rawlin, while with the ball he took a single wicket when he dismissed Albert Leatham in the A. J. Webbe's XI first innings. Rawlinson died at Kensington in May 1945.

University Parks
The Oxford University Parks, commonly referred to locally as the University Parks, or just The Parks, is a large parkland area slightly northeast of the city centre in Oxford, England.  The park is bounded to the east by the River Cherwell, though a small plot of land called Mesopotamia sits between the upper and lower levels of the river. To the north of the parks are Norham Gardens (with large houses including Gunfield backing onto the park) and Lady Margaret Hall,  to the west the Parks Road, and the Science Area on South Parks Road to the south. The park is open to the public during the day, and has gardens, large sports fields, and exotic plants. It includes a cricket ground used by Oxford University Cricket Club.
1981 Men's British Open Squash Championship
The 1981 Audi British Open Championships was held at the Bromley Town Squash Club with the later stages being held at the Churchill Theatre, Bromley, Greater London from 30 March – 9 April 1981. Geoff Hunt won his eighth title defeating Jahangir Khan in the final. This eighth win set a new record surpassing the seven wins set by Hashim Khan of Pakistan.

Hashim Khan
Hashim Khan SI TQA (Pashto: ہاشم خان; c. 1910 to 1914 – 18 August 2014) was a squash player from Pakistan. He won the British Open Squash Championships (the then de facto world championship) a total of seven times, from 1951 to 1956, and then again in 1958. Khan was the patriarch of the Khan squash family of Pakistan, which dominated the sport from the 1950s through the 1980s.
Tane Nikolov
Tane Nikolov (Bulgarian: Тане Николов; 9 March 1873 – 19 January 1947) was a Bulgarian revolutionary and member of the revolutionary movement in Macedonia, Thrace and Pomoravlje. He was among the leading members of the Secret Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization, Internal Western Outland Revolutionary Organisation and the leader of the Internal Thracian Revolutionary Organisation. Nikolov was also participant in the wars for National unification of Bulgaria.

Macedonia (region)
Macedonia (/ˌmæsɪˈdoʊniə/ ⓘ MASS-ih-DOH-nee-ə) is a geographical and historical region of the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe. Its boundaries have changed considerably over time; however, it came to be defined as the modern geographical region by the mid-19th century. Today the region is considered to include parts of six Balkan countries: all of North Macedonia, large parts of Greece and Bulgaria, and smaller parts of Albania, Serbia, and Kosovo. Greek Macedonia comprises about half of Macedonia's area and population.

Its oldest known settlements date back approximately to 7,000 BC. From the middle of the 4th century BC, the Kingdom of Macedon became the dominant power on the Balkan Peninsula; since then Macedonia has had a diverse history.
David I and the Scottish Church
Historical treatment of David I and the Scottish church usually emphasises King David I of Scotland's pioneering role as the instrument of diocesan reorganisation and Norman penetration, beginning with the bishopric of Glasgow while David was Prince of the Cumbrians, and continuing further north after David acceded to the throne of Scotland. As well as this and his monastic patronage, focus too is usually given to his role as the defender of the Scottish church's independence from claims of overlordship by the Archbishop of York and the Archbishop of Canterbury.

Tironensian Order
The Tironensian Order or the Order of Tiron was a medieval monastic order named after the location of the mother abbey (Tiron Abbey, French: Abbaye de la Sainte-Trinité de Tiron, established in 1109) in the woods of Thiron-Gardais (sometimes Tiron) in Perche, some 35 miles west of Chartres in France). They were popularly called "Grey Monks" because of their grey robes, which their spiritual cousins, the monks of Savigny, also wore.
St Mawes
St Mawes (Cornish: Lannvowsedh) is a village on the end of the Roseland Peninsula, in the eastern side of Falmouth harbour, on the south coast of Cornwall, England. The village, formerly two separate hamlets, lies on the east bank of the Carrick Roads, a large waterway created after the Ice Age from an ancient valley which flooded as the melt waters caused the sea level to rise. The immense natural harbour thus created is claimed to be the third largest in the world.  St Mawes was once a busy fishing port, but the trade declined during the 20th century and the village now serves as a popular tourist location, with many properties functioning as holiday accommodation. The village is in the civil parish of St Just in Roseland and lies within the Cornwall Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB).

Falmouth, Cornwall
Falmouth (/ˈfælməθ/ FAL-məth; Cornish (SWF): Aberfala) is a town, civil parish and port on the River Fal on the south coast of Cornwall, England, United Kingdom.

Falmouth was founded in 1613 by the Killigrew family on a site near the existing Pendennis Castle. It developed as a port on the Carrick Roads harbour, overshadowing the earlier town of Penryn. In the 19th century after the arrival of the railways, tourism became important to its economy. In modern times, both industries maintain a presence in Falmouth and the town is also home to the National Maritime Museum Cornwall, a campus of Falmouth University and Falmouth Art Gallery. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 24,032.
Stanimir Ilchev
Stanimir Yankov Ilchev (Bulgarian: Станимир Янков Илчев) (born 31 July 1953 in Burgas) is a Bulgarian politician and former Member of the European Parliament (MEP). He is a member of the National Movement Simeon II, part of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe. With the accession of Bulgaria to the European Union on 1 January 2007 he was selected by the National Assembly to become a Member of the European Parliament, having already spent two years as an observer. He did not get reelected in the European Parliament election held several months later, that determined the Bulgarian MEPs that would serve during the rest of the term of the Sixth European Parliament. In 2015, he became one of three co-leaders of NDSV, a position he held until 2023 when he was chosen as the sole party leader.

Burgas
Burgas (Bulgarian: Бургас, pronounced [burˈɡas] ⓘ), sometimes transliterated as Bourgas, is the second largest city on the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast in the region of Northern Thrace and the fourth-largest city in Bulgaria after Sofia, Plovdiv, and Varna, with a population of 210,396 inhabitants, while 226,092 live in its urban area. It is the capital of Burgas Province and an important industrial, transport, cultural and tourist centre.

The city is surrounded by the Burgas Lakes and located at the westernmost point of the Black Sea, at the large Burgas Bay. LUKOIL Neftochim Burgas is the largest oil refinery in southeastern Europe and the largest industrial enterprise. The Port of Burgas is the second largest port in Bulgaria, and Burgas Airport is the second most important in the country. Burgas is the centre of the Bulgarian fishing and fish processing industry.