hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Charles Lawrence Abernethy
Charles Lawrence Abernethy FRSE (1889–1969) was a Scottish research physicist born in America. He oversaw the creation of the gutta percha golf balls for the North British Rubber Company in Fountainbridge in west Edinburgh and made improvements to golf ball design. He was involved in a legal battle over patenting of golf balls in 1931.

Gutta-percha
Gutta-percha is a tree of the genus Palaquium in the family Sapotaceae, which is primarily used to create a high-quality latex of the same name. Most commonly sourced from Palaquium gutta, the material is rigid, naturally biologically inert, resilient, electrically nonconductive, and thermoplastic; it is a polymer of isoprene which forms a rubber-like elastomer.

The word "gutta-percha" comes from the plant's name in Malay: getah translates as 'sticky gum' and pertja (perca) is the name of a less-sought-after gutta tree. The western term therefore is likely a derivative amalgamation of the original native names.
Sunderland Power Station
Sunderland Power Station was a coal-fired power station situated on the bank of the River Wear, in the city centre of Sunderland, in Tyne and Wear, North East England. The station was initially built in 1901 by the Sunderland Corporation and had several extensions added.

North East England
North East England, often referred to as simply the North East within England, is one of nine official regions of England. It consists of County Durham, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear and part of North Yorkshire. With 2.6 million residents in 2022, it is the least populous region of England. Its largest settlements include Newcastle upon Tyne, Sunderland, Middlesbrough, Gateshead, Darlington and Hartlepool. The North East is covered by two mayoral combined authorities: North East Combined Authority and Tees Valley Combined Authority. It is one of three regions, the other two being North West England and Yorkshire and the Humber, that make up Northern England.
Allstadt House and Ordinary
The Allstadt House and Ordinary was built about 1790 on land owned by the Lee family near Harpers Ferry, West Virginia, including Phillip Ludwell Lee, Richard Bland Lee and Henry Lee III.  The house at the crossroads was sold to the Jacob Allstadt family of Berks County, Pennsylvania in 1811.  Allstadt operated an ordinary (a tavern) in the house, and a tollgate on the Harpers Ferry-Charles Town Turnpike, while he resided farther down the road in a stone house.  The house was enlarged by the Allstadts c. 1830.  The house remained in the family until the death of John Thomas Allstadt in 1923, the last survivor of John Brown's Raid.

The property was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

It was purchased by the American Battlefield Trust, which in 2019 donated it to the Harpers Ferry National Historical Park.

Henry Lee III
Henry Lee III (January 29, 1756 – March 25, 1818) was an early American Patriot  and politician who served as the ninth Governor of Virginia and as the Virginia Representative to the United States Congress. Lee's service during the American Revolution as a cavalry officer in the Continental Army earned him the nickname by which he is best known, "Light-Horse Harry". He was a member of the Lee Family of Virginia and the father of Confederate general Robert E. Lee, who led the Army of Northern Virginia against the Union Army during the American Civil War.
Ajmal Ali Choudhury
Ajmal Ali Choudhury (Bengali: আজমল আলী চৌধুরী, Urdu: اجمل علی چودھری) was a Pakistani politician and former Minister of Commerce of Pakistan. He was also a member of the 4th National Assembly of Pakistan. His close relationship with Muhammad Ali Jinnah and contributions during the 1947 Sylhet referendum led to him being known as the Sylhet's Quaid by his supporters. However, he became heavily criticised after supporting Pakistan during the Bangladesh Liberation War.

Ministry of Commerce (Pakistan)
The Ministry of Commerce (Urdu: وزارت تجارت); abbreviated as MoCom), is a Cabinet-level ministry of the Government of Pakistan concerned with economic growth and commerce development and promotion in Pakistan.  The administrative head of the ministry is the Commerce Secretary of Pakistan, presently Muhammad Sualeh Ahmad Faruqi. The political head, Minister of Commerce, is required to be the member of Parliament.
Virginia's Run
Virginia's Run is a 2002 Canadian-American independent coming-of-age drama film directed by Peter Markle and starring Lindze Letherman, Rachel Skarsten, and Gabriel Byrne. It was filmed in Shelburne, Nova Scotia. The original screenplay was written by Valarie Trapp about her maternal grandmother, Virginia.

Rachel Skarsten
Rachel Skarsten (born 23 April, 1985) is a Canadian actress. She is known for playing Dinah Lance in Birds of Prey (2002–2003), Tamsin in Lost Girl (2013–2015), Queen Elizabeth I in Reign (2014–2017) and Beth Kane in Batwoman (2019–2022).
De niña a mujer
De Niña a Mujer (English: From a Child to a Woman) is a 1981 album by Julio Iglesias. The album was his first Spanish-language album to be released in the United States by Columbia Records to capitalize on the singer's rising popularity. The American version was retitled "From a Child to a Woman" and released simultaneously with the original Discos CBS version. The album, as its title implies, was dedicated to his daughter Chabeli, who is featured on the album's cover alongside her father.

Chabeli Iglesias
María Isabel "Chábeli" Iglesias Preysler (born 3 September 1971) is a Spanish journalist and socialite. She is the daughter of Spanish singer Julio Iglesias and Spanish-Filipina socialite Isabel Preysler, and the older sister of singers Julio Iglesias Jr. and Enrique Iglesias.
Glyphidocera dimorphella
Glyphidocera dimorphella is a moth in the family Autostichidae. It was described by August Busck in 1907. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Florida, Maine, Maryland, New Hampshire, South Carolina and Texas.

The wingspan is 10–11 mm. The forewings are light straw yellow, sparsely sprinkled with dark brown atoms, with a blackish brown round dot on the middle of the cell, another similar dot at the end of the cell and a more or less complete series of blackish-brown dots along the terminal edge of the wing. The hindwings are light straw colored.

August Busck
Augustus Busck (February 18, 1870 in Randers, Denmark – March 7, 1944) was a Danish-American entomologist with the United States Department of Agriculture's Bureau of Entomology, stationed in the U.S. National Museum. He is best known for his work with microlepidoptera, of which he described over 600 species. His collections of Lepidoptera from North America and the Panama Canal Zone are held by the National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C.
Masque (Manfred Mann's Earth Band album)
Masque is the thirteenth studio album by Manfred Mann's Earth Band, released in 1987 on Virgin Records. Chris Thompson had left the band after their previous album Criminal Tango and the band was now at three permanent members. After this album the Earth Band name was retired until 1991.

Charlie Parker
Charles Parker Jr. (August 29, 1920 – March 12, 1955), nicknamed "Bird" or "Yardbird", was an American jazz saxophonist, bandleader, and composer. Parker was a highly influential soloist and leading figure in the development of bebop, a form of jazz characterized by fast tempos, virtuosic technique, and advanced harmonies. He was a virtuoso and introduced revolutionary rhythmic and harmonic ideas into jazz, including rapid passing chords, new variants of altered chords, and chord substitutions. Parker primarily played the alto saxophone.

Parker was an icon for the hipster subculture and later the Beat Generation, personifying the jazz musician as an uncompromising artist and intellectual rather than just an entertainer.
Absolutely (Eurogliders album)
Absolutely is the third studio album by Australian pop band Eurogliders, released on 	October 11, 1985 by CBS Records. It peaked at No. 7 on the Australian Kent Music Report albums chart and remained in the charts for 47 weeks; it spawned three Top 20 hit singles, "We Will Together" in April, "The City of Soul" in September and "Can't Wait to See You" in November. Two further singles, "Absolutely" and "So Tough" appeared in 1986.

At the height of the band's success, Eurogliders Grace Knight and Bernie Lynch reconciled their relationship and were married in 1985, although the union was short-lived. Despite their marital separation, they stayed together in the band for another four years.

Kent Music Report
The Kent Music Report was a weekly record chart of Australian music singles and albums which was compiled by music historian David Kent from May 1974 through to January 1999. The chart was re-branded the Australian Music Report (AMR) in July 1987. From June 1988, the Australian Recording Industry Association, which had been using the top 50 portion of the report under licence since mid-1983, chose to produce their own listing as the ARIA Charts.

Before the Kent Report, Go-Set magazine published weekly Top 40 Singles from 1966, and albums chart from 1970 until the magazine's demise in August 1974.

David Kent later published Australian charts from 1940 to 1973 in a retrospective fashion, using state by state chart data obtained from various Australian radio stations.
Ahmad ibn Abi Bakr al-Zuhri
Abū Muṣʿab Aḥmad ibn Abī Bakr al-Qāsim ibn al-Ḥārith al-Zuhri (Arabic: أبو مصعب أحمد بن أبي بكر القاسم بن الحارث الزهري), 767–856 CE / 150–242 AH, was a Muslim scholar and judge (qadi) who was a student of Malik ibn Anas.

He was born and lived in Medina, where he wrote a work called al-Mukhtaṣar fī al-fiqh ('The Epitome on Fiqh'), as well as a recension of Malik ibn Anas' Kitāb al-Muwaṭṭaʾ. He was dismissed from his position as qadi by Qutham ibn Ja'far in 210 AH (825/826 CE). In his judicial opinions (fatwas), he relied not only on hadith reports, but also on rational discretion (raʾy).

Abū Muṣʿab's recension of the Kitāb al-Muwaṭṭaʾ is approximately five to ten percent larger than the recension of Yahya ibn Yahya al-Laythi, which is considered the 'vulgate' or standard version in the Maliki school of law.

Maliki school
The Maliki school or Malikism is one of the four major schools of Islamic jurisprudence within Sunni Islam. It was founded by Malik ibn Anas (c. 711–795 CE) in the 8th century. In contrast to the Ahl al-Hadith and Ahl al-Ra'y schools of thought, the Maliki school takes a unique position known as Ahl al-A'mal, in which they consider the Sunnah to be primarily sourced from the practice of the people of Medina and living Islamic traditions for their rulings on Islamic law.

The Maliki school is the second largest Sunni school, larger than the Shafi’i school but smaller than the Hanafi school. It is predominant in North Africa, West Africa and the Gulf states of Bahrain, Kuwait and United Arab Emirates. The current Maliki population is said to be around 500 million, comprising about 25% of the total Muslim population.
Golra Hashim
Golra Hashim Urdu pronunciation: [golrɑːhɑːshim] ⓘis a small village in Kharian Tehsil, Gujrat District in Punjab province, Pakistan. Its nearby villages are Bhagwal, Kotla Haji Shah, Jhantla, Shorian, Chak Bakhtawar, Chak Budho, and Malka. It is situated at 32° 50' 17N 73° 56' 56E. It is part of Union council  Bhagwal.

Kharian Tehsil
Kharian Tehsil (Punjabi and Urdu: تحصیل کھاریاں) is a tehsil (sub-district) located in Gujrat District, Punjab, Pakistan. The town lies between the Chenab and Jhelum rivers and in the north the foothills of the Pir Panjal mountains.
Richard Ofshe
Richard Jason Ofshe (born 27 February 1941)  is an American sociologist and professor emeritus of sociology at the University of California, Berkeley.  He is known for his expert testimony relating to coercion in small groups, confessions, and interrogations.

Miscarriage of justice
A miscarriage of justice occurs when an unfair outcome occurs in a criminal or civil proceeding. Examples of miscarriage of justice include conviction of an innocent person, error of impunity, sentencing disparity, and delayed justice.

Innocent people have sometimes ended up in prison for years before their conviction has eventually been overturned. They may be exonerated if new evidence comes to light or it is determined that the police or prosecutor committed some kind of misconduct at the original trial. In some jurisdictions this leads to the payment of compensation.

Academic studies have found that the main factors contributing to miscarriages of justice are: eyewitness misidentification; faulty forensic analysis; false confessions by vulnerable suspects; perjury and lies stated by witnesses; misconduct by police, prosecutors or judges; and/or ineffective assistance of counsel (e.g., inadequate defense strategies by the defendant's or respondent's legal team).
2009 CAF Confederation Cup final
The 2009 CAF Confederation Cup final was the final of 2009 CAF Confederation Cup, which was the 6th edition of the CAF Confederation Cup, Africa's secondary club football competition organized by the Confederation of African Football (CAF).

The final was played between ES Sétif from Algeria and Stade Malien from Mali. The winners qualified to participate in the 2010 CAF Super Cup against the winner of the 2009 CAF Champions League.

2010 CAF Super Cup
The 2010 CAF Super Cup was the 18th CAF Super Cup, an annual football match in Africa organized by the Confederation of African Football (CAF), between the winners of the previous season's two CAF club competitions, the CAF Champions League and the CAF Confederation Cup. The match was contested between TP Mazembe of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, who won the 2009 CAF Champions League, and Stade Malien de Bamako of Mali, who won the 2009 CAF Confederation Cup.
Battle of Wana
The Battle of Wana was a March 2004 military engagement between the Pakistan Army and members of Osama Bin Laden's al-Qaeda at Azam Warsak, near the South Waziristan town of Wana. The army troops and intelligence paramilitary soldiers faced an estimated ~500 al-Qaeda foreign fighters holed up in several fortified settlements. The fighting ended with 17 soldiers dead.

It was speculated at the time that Osama bin Laden's deputy Ayman al-Zawahiri was among those trapped by the Pakistan Army, but he either escaped or was never among these fighters. After weeks of fighting, the ISPR admitted that it was actually Tohir Yoldeshev, leader of the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan, who was hiding there.

Uzbeks
The Uzbeks (Uzbek: Oʻzbeklar; Ўзбеклар; اۉزبېکلر‎) are a Turkic ethnic group native to Central Asia, being the largest Turkic ethnic group in the area. They comprise the majority population of Uzbekistan, next to Tajiks and Karakalpak minorities, and also form minority groups in Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Russia, and China. Uzbek diaspora communities also exist in Turkey, Saudi Arabia, United States, Ukraine, Pakistan, and other countries.
Markus Heikkinen
Markus Heikkinen (born 13 October 1978), nicknamed Mako, is a Finnish former professional footballer who played as a centre back or defensive midfielder. He was most recently the sporting director of Veikkausliiga side AC Oulu.

He previously played for Oulun Palloseura (OPS), Turun Palloseura (TPS), MyPa, HJK Helsinki, Portsmouth, Aberdeen, Luton Town, Rapid Wien and Start, before returning to his hometown and ending his professional playing career in AC Oulu.

Sporting director
A sporting director, or director of sport, is an executive management position in a sports club. The role is well known as a management role for European football clubs, which are sometime also "sports clubs", offering many types of sports. The sporting director is, in many cases, a member of the executive board and therefore an executive director. The sporting director is usually directly subordinate to the chief executive officer or the chairman of the sports organisation. The sporting director is in turn typically the manager of the coaching staff.
Christine Riedtmann
Christine Riedtmann (born 1952) is a Swiss mathematician specializing in abstract algebra. She earned her PhD in 1978 from the University of Zurich under the supervision of Pierre Gabriel, and is a professor emeritus (since 2016) at the University of Bern.

In 2012–2013 she was president of the Swiss Mathematical Society.

Swiss Mathematical Society
The Swiss Mathematical Society, SMS (German: Schweizerische Mathematische Gesellschaft, SMG; French: Société Mathématique Suisse), founded in Basel on 4 September 1910, is the national mathematical society of Switzerland. It is a member of the European Mathematical Society.
Langley Vale
Langley Vale is a village in the  Borough of Epsom and Ewell, in Surrey, England, approximately 15 miles (24 km) south of central London. As its name suggests, the village is in a dry valley between Epsom Downs and Walton Downs. Historically part of the Ashtead Park estate, Langley Vale was the location of a farm in medieval times. The modern village began to develop in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

The nearest settlements are Burgh Heath to the east, Tadworth to the south-east,  Headley to the south, Ashtead to the west and the Woodcote part of Epsom to the north.

Epsom Downs Racecourse is 1 mile to the northeast and Woodcote Park, a stately home owned by the Royal Automobile Club, is 1 mile to the west.

Burgh Heath
Burgh Heath (/ˌbɜːr ˈhiːθ/ bur HEETH or, especially amongst older residents, /ˌbʌrə ˈhiːθ/ BURR-ə HEETH) is a residential neighbourhood with a remnant part of the Banstead Commons of the same name. Immediately north of Upper Kingswood on the A217 road, it adjoins part of Banstead to the north. The north of the area is more specifically called Great Burgh, but the terms are largely interchangeable.
Passumpsic Railroad
The Passumpsic Railroad was located in Barnet, Vermont. The railroad had the only operable steam locomotive in Vermont. Their steam engine was a two-truck Heisler that ran on the Phenix Marble Company.

The Passumpsic Railroad was owned by Marvin Kendall and was located along route 5 south of St. Johnsbury.

The railroad had or has the locomotive named Phenix Marble Company 1.

St. Johnsbury, Vermont
St. Johnsbury (known locally as "St. J") is the shire town (county seat) of Caledonia County, Vermont, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 7,364. St. Johnsbury is situated on the Passumpsic River and is located approximately six miles northwest of the Connecticut River and 48 miles (77 km) south of the Canada–U.S. border.

St. Johnsbury is the largest town by population in the Northeast Kingdom of Vermont and has long served as a commercial center for the region. The more densely settled southern one-third of the town is defined by the U.S. Census Bureau as the St. Johnsbury census-designated place, where over 81% of the population resides.
Lewis Mitchell
Lewis Mitchell (c. 1847–1930), a Native American member of the Maine State Legislature in the late 1800s into the early 1900s, is known for his advocacy of the Passamaquoddy people and his work on a plethora of writings in the Passamaquoddy language, of which only some have been preserved. Although he was Passamaquoddy, he was widely versed in Wabanaki tradition, as Wabanaki was the overall surrounding language and more general culture of not just Maine, but the Canadian and New England area, home to several indigenous tribes during this time period (a decent amount of which still exist today, including the Passamaquoddy peoples, Mitchell's native tribe).

Passamaquoddy
The Passamaquoddy (Passamaquoddy: Peskotomuhkati, Plural: Peskotomuhkatiyik) are a Native American/First Nations people who live in northeastern North America. Their traditional homeland, Peskotomuhkatikuk, straddles the Canadian province of New Brunswick and the U.S. state of Maine in a region called Dawnland. They are one of the constituent nations of the Wabanaki Confederacy.

The Passamaquoddy Tribe in Maine is a federally recognized tribe. The Passamaquoddy people in Canada have an organization known as the Peskotomuhkati Nation, but it does not have official First Nations status.
Guadalupe, Murcia
Guadalupe is a pedanía (village/suburban district) in the municipality of Murcia in the Region of Murcia, Spain.  The main populated area is known as Guadalupe de Maciascoque.

El Escorial Murciano, the complex that contains the Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia and the Monasterio de los Jerónimos de San Pedro de la Ñora, an historic Hieronymite monastery, is located here.

Historically, in the Middle Ages, Guadalupe was home to a Jewish community until the expulsion of the Jews in 1492.

Hieronymites
The Hieronymites (also spelled Jeronymites or Jeronimites, also formally known as the Order of Saint Jerome (Latin: Ordo Sancti Hieronymi; abbreviated OSH), is a Catholic cloistered religious order and a common name for several congregations of hermit monks living according to the Rule of Saint Augustine, though the role principle of their lives is that of the 5th-century hermit and biblical scholar Jerome.

The principal group with this name was founded in the Iberian Peninsula around the 14th century. Their religious habit is a white tunic with a brown, hooded scapular and a brown mantle. For liturgical services, they wear a brown cowl.
River Mole, Devon
The River Mole a tributary of the River Taw in Devon, England. It rises on the southwestern border of Exmoor. The river takes its name from the market towns of North and South Molton. The river used to be known as the Nymet.

North Molton
North Molton is a village, parish and former manor in North Devon, England. The population of the parish in 2001 was 1,047, decreasing to 721 in the 2011 census. An electoral ward with the same name also exists. The ward population at the census was 2,206. Bounded on the north east by the border with Somerset, it is the second largest parish in Devon, covering about 15,000 acres. Until the 18th century the village was an important centre of the woollen industry, and mining was also a significant employer in the parish until the 19th century.
Joseph Saint-Rémy
Joseph Saint-Rémy (c. 1818–1856) was a Haitian historian. He is best known for his biography La Vie de Toussaint Louverture about the Haitian Revolution leader Toussaint L'Ouverture, and for his work Pétion et Haïti, about another Revolutionary figure, Alexandre Pétion. Born in Guadeloupe, Saint-Rémy emigrated to Haiti as a young child and grew up in Les Cayes before leaving for school in France.

Alexandre Pétion
Alexandre Sabès Pétion (French pronunciation: [alɛksɑ̃dʁ sabɛs petjɔ̃]; 2 April 1770 – 29 March 1818) was a Haitian army officer and statesman who served as the first president of the Republic of Haiti from 1807 until his death in 1818. One of Haiti's founding fathers, Pétion belonged to the revolutionary quartet that also includes Toussaint Louverture, Jean-Jacques Dessalines, and his later rival Henri Christophe. Regarded as an excellent artilleryman in his early adulthood, Pétion would distinguish himself as an esteemed military commander with experience leading both French and Haitian troops. The 1802 coalition formed by him and Dessalines against French forces led by Charles Leclerc would prove to be a watershed moment in the decade-long conflict, eventually culminating in the decisive Haitian victory at the Battle of Vertières in 1803.
Inquest (1939 film)
Inquest is a 1939 British crime film directed by Roy Boulting and starring Elizabeth Allan, Herbert Lomas, Hay Petrie and Barbara Everest. It was based on the play Inquest by Michael Barringer which had previously been adapted as Inquest in 1931. The film was a quota quickie made at Highbury Studios to be used as a supporting feature.

Michael Barringer
Michael Barringer (30 July 1885 – ) was a British writer, screenwriter and playwright. He also occasionally served as film director, directing four films early in his career. His play Inquest was the first performed at the Windmill Theatre when it opened in 1931.

He was born in 1884, and died, aged 70, in 1954.