hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Philip Guedalla
Philip Guedalla (12 March 1889 – 16 December 1944) was an English barrister, and a popular historical and travel writer and biographer. His wit and epigrams are well-known, one example being "Even reviewers read a Preface". He also was the originator of a now-common theory on Henry James, writing that "The work of Henry James has always seemed divisible by a simple dynastic arrangement into three reigns: James I, James II, and the Old Pretender."

Wit
Wit is a form of intelligent humour—the ability to say or write things that are clever and typically funny. Someone witty, also known as a wit, is a person skilled at wit, making spontaneous one-line or single-phrase jokes. Forms of wit include the quip, repartee, and wisecrack.
Theodora Bynon
Theodora Bynon (born 1936) is a British linguist and Emeritus Professor of Historical Linguistics at SOAS University of London. She was a student of the German linguist Hans Krahe and studied the ergative case in languages such as Kurdish. She is known for her works on historical linguistics and wrote what is considered a seminal text in 1977.

Ergative case
In grammar, the ergative case (abbreviated erg) is the grammatical case that identifies a nominal phrase  as the agent of a transitive verb in ergative–absolutive languages.

Comparing this with English: we use a Subject-Object model where the Subject is the "doer" and the object is the one done to.  For example, a sentence like "I help him" is Subject-Noun-Object (a transitive sentence) and "He sleeps" is Subject-Noun with no object (intransitive).  But in languages that use an Ergative-Absolutive model, the Ergative is used as "doer" only in a transitive sentence, otherwise the Absolutive is used.  So it's like saying "I help him" (Ergative-Noun-Absolutive) but "Him sleeps" (Absolutive-Noun) (= sleeping is happening to him).
Line M101 (Beijing Subway)
Line M101 of the Beijing Subway (Chinese: 北京地铁M101线; pinyin: Běijīng Dìtiě M101 Xiàn) is a rapid transit line under construction in Tongzhou District, Beijing, China. It will run from Shangwuyuan to Zhangjiawandong. It is fully underground. It is scheduled to open in 2027. The line will be 18.1 kilometres (11.2 mi) in length with 14 stations.

Tongzhou, Beijing
Tongzhou (Chinese: 通州; pinyin: Tōngzhōu), historically romanized as Tong-Choo-Foo in 18th-century British accounts,
is a district of Beijing. It is located in southeast Beijing and considered the eastern gateway to the nation's capital. Downtown Tongzhou itself lies around 20 km (12 mi) east of central Beijing, at the northern end of the Grand Canal (on the junction between the Tonghui Canal and the Northern Canal) and at the easternmost end of Chang'an Avenue. The entire district covers an area of 906 km2 (350 sq mi), or 6% of Beijing's total area. It had a population of 673,952 at the 2000 Census, and has seen significant growth and development since then, growing to a population of 1,184,000 at the 2010 Census and 1,840,295 at the 2020 census. The district is subdivided into four subdistricts, ten towns, and one ethnic township.
Sex differences in cognition
Sex differences in cognition are widely studied in the current scientific literature. Biological and genetic differences in combination with environment and culture have resulted in the cognitive differences among males and females. Among biological factors, hormones such as testosterone and estrogen may play some role mediating these differences. Among differences of diverse mental and cognitive abilities, the largest or most well known are those relating to spatial abilities, social cognition and verbal skills and abilities.

Neural efficiency hypothesis
The neural efficiency hypothesis proposes that while performing a cognitive task, individuals with higher intelligence levels exhibit lower brain activation in comparison to individuals with lower intelligence levels. This hypothesis suggests that individual differences in cognitive abilities are due to differences in the efficiency of neural processing. Essentially, individuals with higher cognitive abilities utilize fewer neural resources to perform a given task than those with lower cognitive abilities.
Wagholi, Pune
Wagholi is situated within the Pune Metropolitan in the Indian state of Maharashtra. Wagholi is historically kenned as the habitation of Maratha Warrior Sardar Pilajirao Changojirao Jadhavrao. Wagholi was added to the area under Pune Municipal Corporation in 2021. Wagheshwar temple is popular temple at Wagholi. The name Wagholi was derived from the local Marathi word "Wagh" meaning "tiger", and is connected to the temple of Wagheshwar which is located at the entrance to the mining complex 20 km north of Pune.

Pune Municipal Corporation
Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC) is the civic body that governs the city of Pune, situated in the state of Maharashtra, India.

Established on 15 February 1950, the executive power of the PMC is vested in the Municipal Commissioner, an Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officer appointed by the Government of Maharashtra. The position is held by Naval Kishor Ram, IAS. Manjusha Nagpure from BJP was elected as the 
mayor and Parshuram Wadekar from  RPI(A) as the deputy mayor in February 2026.
Chrisp Street Market
Chrisp Street Market is the central marketplace and town centre of Poplar and is located in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. It was the first purpose-built pedestrian shopping area in the United Kingdom, rebuilt as part of the 1951 Festival of Britain and is directly connected onto the high street, East India Dock Road.

It features a prominent clock tower, shops, small retail outlets, pubs, cafes, flats, and 80 market stalls.

Town centre
A town centre is the commercial or geographical centre or core area of a town. Town centres are traditionally associated with shopping or retail. They are also the centre of communications with major public transport hubs such as train or bus stations. Public buildings including town halls, museums and libraries are often found in town centres.

Town centres are symbolic to settlements as a whole and often contain the best examples of architecture, main landmark buildings, statues and public spaces associated with a place.
Apollos Rivoire
Apollos Rivoire (November 30, 1702 - July 22, 1754), often known as Paul Revere I, was a French-American Huguenot silversmith, active in Boston. He was father to Paul Revere, the famous American silversmith and patriot.

Silversmith
A silversmith is a metalworker who crafts objects from silver. The terms silversmith and goldsmith are not exact synonyms, as the techniques, training, history, and guilds are (or were, at least) largely the same but differed in that the end product may vary greatly (as may the scale of objects created).
Jean E. Pendziwol
Jean E. Pendziwol (born 1965) is a Canadian writer of children's literature from Thunder Bay, Ontario. She is most noted for her book Skating Wild on an Inland Sea, which was the winner of both the Governor General's Award for English-language children's illustration at the 2024 Governor General's Awards, and the 2024 TD Canadian Children's Literature Award.

Her book Once Upon a Northern Light was previously nominated for the Governor General's Award for English-language children's literature at the 2013 Governor General's Awards, and for the TD Children's Literature award in 2014.

She has also published one adult novel, The Lightkeeper's Daughters.

Governor General's Awards
The Governor General's Awards are a collection of annual awards presented by the governor general of Canada, recognizing distinction in numerous academic, artistic, and social fields.

The first award was conceived and inaugurated in 1937 by the Lord Tweedsmuir, a prolific writer of fiction and non-fiction; he created the Governor General's Literary Award with two award categories. Successive governors general have followed suit, establishing an award for whichever endeavour they personally found important. Only Adrienne Clarkson created three Governor General's Awards: the Governor General's Award in Visual and Media Arts, the Governor General's Northern Medal, and the Governor General's Medal in Architecture (though this was effectively a continuation of the Massey Medal, first established in 1950).
Passion Play (game)
Passion Play is a live action role-playing game created by Bill Bridges and Bill Maxwell and first published by Holistic Design in 1999. Passion Play is based on the 1996 table top role-playing game Fading Suns.

Bill Bridges (game designer)
Bill Bridges (born September 17, 1965) is an American role-playing game developer and fantasy author. He designed the role-playing games Werewolf: The Apocalypse, Mage: The Ascension, and Promethean: The Created. He additionally worked on a video game based on his Fading Suns role-playing game Emperor of the Fading Suns. He is currently a developer at Holistic Design.
New Zealand cricket team in Pakistan in 2003–04
The New Zealand cricket team toured Pakistan in November to December 2003 and played a five-match One Day International (ODI) series against the Pakistan cricket team. Pakistan won the series 5–0. New Zealand were captained by Chris Cairns and Pakistan by Inzamam-ul-Haq.

Chris Cairns
Christopher Lance Cairns ONZM (born 13 June 1970) is a former New Zealand cricketer and former ODI captain, who played for the New Zealand cricket team as an all-rounder. Cairns finished his Test career with a batting average of 33.53 and a bowling average of 29.40. In 2000, he was named as one of five Wisden Cricketers of the Year. He has appeared in ICC Cricket World Cup tournaments on 4 occasions in 1992, 1996, 1999 and 2003. He is regarded as one of the greatest allrounders of the game. Cairns was a member of the New Zealand team that won the 2000 ICC KnockOut Trophy, the first time the country won an ICC trophy, and he had a major role in the final with 102 not out, and scored the winning run.

He is son of former New Zealand cricketer Lance Cairns. He starred in both the One-day and Test New Zealand teams, as well as the Canterbury New Zealand domestic championship team. After his playing career Cairns went on to become a commentator with Sky Sport New Zealand.
Monkman
Monkman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alexander Monkman (1870–1941), Canadian Métis trading pioneer

Betty C. Monkman (1942–2025), American curator and author

Eric Monkman (born c.1987) Canadian academic and television personality

Francis Monkman (1949–2023), English composer

Kent Monkman (born 1965), Canadian artist

Noel Monkman (1896–1969), Australian film director

Percy Monkman (1892–1986), English entertainer, actor and painter

Phyllis Monkman (1892–1976), English actress

Eric Monkman
Eric Monkman (born c. 1987) is a Canadian academic and television personality based in the United Kingdom.

Monkman comes from Oakville, Ontario, Canada. His father, a doctor, died when Eric was thirteen. Monkman obtained his first degree from the University of Waterloo and then studied for a master's degree in economics at Wolfson College, Cambridge, when he captained the college's University Challenge team. The team lost in the 2017 final to a team from Balliol College, Oxford.

His girlfriend, Jiang Na teaches law at Beijing Normal University.  Viewers described him as the most intense contestant ever: a reviewer called him an "unexpected hero".
Sonia Singh
Sonia Singh is an Indian television actress. She is known for her role as Dr. Keerti Mehra in Star One's  Dill Mill Gayye, Richa Thakral in Parichay, Sushma "Sush" in Bhabhi and Antara in Kumkum – Ek Pyara Sa Bandhan.

Star One (TV channel)
Star One was an Indian pay television channel based in Mumbai and owned by Star TV, with worldwide distribution handled by Fox International Channels. Launched on 1 November 2004, Star One was launched in the UK on Sky in November 2006.

Star One was rebranded as Life OK on 18 December 2011. Its British feed continued broadcasting in the UK and Ireland until 28 May 2012, when it was also rebranded as Star Life OK.
Steve Tyrell
Steve Tyrell (born Stephen Louis Bilao III, December 19, 1944) is an American singer and record producer. He won a 2004 Grammy Award as the producer of the Rod Stewart studio album Stardust: The Great American Songbook, Volume III. He also hosts a jazz radio program on KKJZ at California State University, Long Beach.

Tyrell was head of artists and repertoire and promotion at Scepter Records. He produced B. J. Thomas' hit "Rock and Roll Lullaby." He wrote "How Do You Talk to an Angel" for the TV show The Heights, "Hold On" for Jamie Walters, "It's Only Love" for B. J. and Elvis Presley, and all the songs in the teen sitcom California Dreams.

He sang "The Way You Look Tonight" on the soundtrack for Father of the Bride (1991). Tyrell inherited the annual holiday residency at the Carlyle Hotel in Manhattan from cabaret singer Bobby Short.

Stardust: The Great American Songbook, Volume III
Stardust... the Great American Songbook, Volume III is the third studio album of pop standards by British musician Rod Stewart, released on 19 October 2004 by J Records, and his 22nd album overall. The album was dedicated to the Tartan Army.

The album was Rod Stewart's first number one on the Billboard 200 since Blondes Have More Fun in 1979. It later became the winner of the 2004 Grammy Award for Best Traditional Pop Vocal Album, giving Stewart his first and, to date, only Grammy victory in his career.
Palais Niederösterreich
Palais Niederösterreich, historically known as the Niederösterreichisches Landeshaus (Estates House of Lower Austria), is a historical building in Vienna. The building housed the estates general of the state of Lower Austria until 1848.  After 1861, the state assembly and some state government ministries occupied it until 1997, when St. Pölten fully took on the role of the new capital of Lower Austria.

In the revolution of March 1848, the Niederösterreichisches Landeshaus played an important role as the focal point of the revolutionary forces. The uprising was subsequently crushed by the military.

In 1918 it was the seat of the parliament of the new Republic of German Austria.

After the legislature and the ministries moved out of the building in 1997, the building underwent substantial renovations and restoration work, and is now used for exhibitions and for private functions and events. It was renamed the Palais Niederösterreich in 2004.

Lower Austria
Lower Austria (German: Niederösterreich pronounced [ˈniːdɐˌ(ʔ)øːstɐraɪç] ⓘ, Bavarian: Niedaöstareich, abbreviated LA or NÖ) is one of the nine states of Austria, located in the northeastern corner of the country. Major cities are Amstetten, Krems an der Donau, Wiener Neustadt and Sankt Pölten, which has been the capital of Lower Austria since 1986, replacing Vienna, which became a separate state in 1921. With a land area of 19,186 km2 (7,408 sq mi) and a population of 1.7 million people, Lower Austria is the largest and second-most-populous state in Austria (after Vienna).
Music for the Royal Fireworks
The Music for the Royal Fireworks (HWV 351) is a suite in D major for wind instruments composed by George Frideric Handel in 1749 under contract of George II of Great Britain for the fireworks in London's Green Park on 27 April 1749. The music celebrates the end of the War of the Austrian Succession and the signing of the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (Aachen) in 1748. The work was very popular when first performed and following Handel's death.

Händel-Werke-Verzeichnis
The Händel-Werke-Verzeichnis (abbreviated as HWV) is the Catalogue of Handel's Works. It was published in three volumes (in German) by Bernd Baselt between 1978 and 1986, and lists every piece of music known to have been written by George Frideric Handel. The catalogue also includes the first few bars of each piece and large amounts of factual information including manuscript sources, early prints, photographs, spurious works, etc. The catalogue does not include the full scores of Handel's works (for the full scores, see Händel-Gesellschaft and Hallische Händel-Ausgabe).
St James, New South Wales
St James is a locality within the City of Sydney, centred on St James' Church on King Street. The locality includes much of Hyde Park, those parts of the city from Elizabeth Street through to Macquarie Street.

St James railway station was opened in December 1926 as part of the City Circle. It is an underground station, constructed below Hyde Park. The station was the first electric railway service to enter an Australian city centre. The station is part of the Sydney Trains network, offering direct services to Sydney Airport.

David Jones used the name "St. James" as its private label in the second half of the twentieth century, reflecting the location of the main store on Elizabeth Street (opened in 1927).

33°52′31″S 151°12′53″E﻿ / ﻿33.87531°S 151.21459°E﻿ / -33.87531; 151.21459

City Circle
The City Circle is a mostly-underground railway line located in the Sydney central business district and Haymarket, in New South Wales, Australia, that forms the core of Sydney's passenger rail network. The lines are owned by the Transport Asset Holding Entity, a State government agency, and operated under Transport for NSW's Sydney Trains brand. Despite its name, the City Circle is of a horseshoe shape, with trains operating in a U-shaped pattern. The constituent stations of the Circle are (clockwise): Central, Town Hall, Wynyard, Circular Quay, St James, Museum and back to Central.
1992–93 UEFA Cup
The 1992–93 UEFA Cup was the 22nd season of Europe's then-tertiary club football tournament organised by UEFA. The final was played over two legs at Westfalenstadion, Dortmund, Germany, and at Stadio Delle Alpi, Turin, Italy. The competition was won by Italian club Juventus, who beat Borussia Dortmund of Germany by an aggregate result of 6–1, to claim their third UEFA Cup title.

Juventus became the first club to win the UEFA Cup three times, and registered a record score for a two-legged UEFA Cup final. Due to the breakup of Yugoslavia and the international sanctions for the ongoing Yugoslav Wars, UEFA banned all Yugoslavian teams from competing. Slovenia, a former Yugoslav republic, was represented for the first time in the UEFA Cup, although Olimpija Ljubljana competed in its unofficial predecessor Inter-Cities Fairs' Cup in the late 1960s.

Stadio Delle Alpi
The Stadio delle Alpi was a football and athletics stadium in Turin, Italy, and was the home of both Juventus Football Club and Torino Football Club between 1990 and 2006. In English, the name meant "Stadium of the Alps", a reference to the nearby Alps mountain range. The stadium was demolished in 2009 and both football clubs moved to the rebuilt Stadio Olimpico. A new stadium for Juventus, the Juventus Stadium, was constructed on the site of the former Delle Alpi and opened in 2011.

Designed by architect Studio Hutter, the Stadio delle Alpi was originally built in 1990 to host matches for the 1990 FIFA World Cup as a replacement for the aging Stadio Olimpico, then known as the Stadio Comunale. The stadium's original capacity was 69,041 fans. However, due to FIFA rules regarding the segregation of home and away supporters, the actual capacity was reduced to 67,229.
Gombito
Gombito (Cremasco: Gùmbet) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cremona in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) southeast of Milan and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) northwest of Cremona.

Gombito borders the following municipalities: Bertonico, Castelleone, Castiglione d'Adda, Formigara, Ripalta Arpina, San Bassano.

Eastern Lombard dialects
Eastern Lombard is a group of closely related variants of Lombard, a Gallo-Italic language
 spoken in Lombardy, mainly in the provinces of Bergamo, Brescia and Mantua, in the area around Cremona and in parts of Trentino. Its main variants are Bergamasque and Brescian.

In Italian-speaking contexts, Eastern Lombard is often called as dialetti (lit. 'dialects'), understood to mean not a variety of Italian, but a local language that is part of the Romance languages dialect continuum that pre-dates the establishment of Tuscan-based Italian.

Eastern Lombard and Italian have only limited mutual intelligibility, like many other Romance languages spoken in Italy.

Eastern Lombard does not have any official status either in Lombardy or anywhere else: the only official language in Lombardy is Italian.
Church of the Holy Trinity at the Borisovo Ponds
55°37′39″N 37°42′43″E﻿ / ﻿55.627418°N 37.71192°E﻿ / 55.627418; 37.71192

The Church of the Holy Trinity at the Borisovo Ponds (храм Троицы в Орехове-Борисове) is a metochion of the Patriarch of Moscow on the Kashira Highway in Orekhovo-Borisovo, a residential district in South Moscow. It was built in 2001–2004 to a Byzantine Revival design by Vladimir Kolosnitsyn, an architect favored by Mayor of Moscow, Yuri Luzhkov. Apart from the 70-metre-tall main church, the compound includes a chapel, a free-standing prothesis, a zvonnitsa, and a school. The interior has an icon screen made of porcelain and the academic wall paintings by Vasily Nesterenko. The church was originally slated to be erected in 1988, in commemoration of the millennium of the Baptism of Rus, but those plans did not materialize until 15 years later.

Patriarch of Moscow and all Rus'
The Patriarch of Moscow and all Rus' (Russian: Патриарх Московский и всея Руси, romanized: Patriarkh Moskovskiy i vseya Rusi), also known as the Patriarch of Moscow and all Russia, is the title of the primate of the Russian Orthodox Church (ROC). It is often preceded by the honorific "His Holiness". As the ordinary of the diocese of Moscow, the office holder's direct canonical remit extends only to Moscow; however, as the patriarch, the office holder has a number of church-wide administrative powers as laid down by the charter of the ROC.

The patriarchate was established in 1589 when the status of the Russian metropolitan was elevated, with Job becoming the first patriarch. The patriarchate was abolished in 1721 by Peter the Great and replaced with the Most Holy Synod as the supreme governing body of the ROC, before being restored on 10 November [O.S. 28 October] 1917, by decision of the All-Russian Local Council. The current patriarch is Kirill, who acceded to the position in 2009.
Deaths in September 2025
The following is a list of notable deaths in September 2025.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent country of citizenship (if applicable), reason for notability, cause of death (if known), and reference.

Rowing at the 1952 Summer Olympics – Men's coxed four
The men's coxed four competition at the 1952 Summer Olympics took place at Mei Bay, Helsinki, Finland. It was held from 20 to 23 July and was won by the team from Czechoslovakia. There were 17 boats (85 competitors) from 17 nations, with each nation limited to a single boat in the event. The gold medal was Czechoslovakia's first medal in the men's coxed four. Switzerland earned its third consecutive silver medal, and sixth medal in seven Games dating back to 1920 (the only Games in that time where the Swiss team did not win a medal was 1932, when no Swiss boat competed). The reigning champion United States took bronze.