hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thestor compassbergae
Thestor compassbergae, the Compassberg skolly, is a species of butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is endemic to South Africa, where it is only known from grassy inclusions in Nama Karoo on the mountain slopes of the Kompasberg, above Nieu-Bethesda in the East Cape.

The wingspan is 26–29 mm for males and 27–30 mm for females. Adults are on wing in mid-December. There is one generation per year.

Nama Karoo
Nama Karoo is a xeric shrubland ecoregion located on the central plateau of South Africa and Namibia. It occupies most of the interior of the western half of South Africa and extends into the southern interior of Namibia.
Yevgeny Polivanov
Yevgeny Dmitrievich Polivanov (Russian: Евге́ний Дми́триевич Полива́нов; 12 March [O.S. 28 February] 1891 – 25 January 1938) was a Soviet linguist, orientalist, and polyglot who wrote major works on the Chinese, Japanese, Uzbek, and Dungan languages and on theoretical linguistics and poetics.

Dungan language
Dungan (/ˈdʊŋ.ɡɑːn/ or /ˈdʌŋ.ɡən/) is a Sinitic language spoken primarily in the Chu Valley of southeastern Kazakhstan and northern Kyrgyzstan. It is the native language of the Dungan people, a Hui subgroup that fled Qing China in the 19th century. It evolved from the Central Plains Mandarin variety spoken in Gansu and Shaanxi. It is the only Sino-Tibetan language to be officially written in the Cyrillic script. In addition, the Dungan language contains loanwords and archaisms not found in other modern varieties of Mandarin.
S v Moloto
In S v Moloto (1982), an important case in South African criminal procedure, the two appellants were charged with both attempted murder and robbery.

The court held that where attempted murder is committed in connection with a robbery the State is entitled, according to the circumstances, to charge the accused both with robbery and with attempted murder.

Furthermore, the court is entitled to find him guilty on the two separate offenses provided that it was proved beyond reasonable doubt that the accused also had the intention to kill and not merely to use force.

Guilt (law)
In criminal law, guilt is the state of being responsible for the commission of an offense. Legal guilt is entirely externally defined by the state, or more generally a "court of law". Being factually guilty of a criminal offense means that one has committed a violation of criminal law or performed all the elements of the offense set out by a criminal statute. The determination that one has committed that violation is made by an external body (a "court of law") after the determination of the facts by a finder of fact or "factfinder" (i.e., a jury) and is, therefore, as definitive as the record-keeping of the body. For instance, in the case of a bench trial, a judge acts as both the court of law and the factfinder, whereas in a jury trial, the jury is the trier of fact and the judge acts only as the trier of law.
KDCD-TV
KDCD-TV (channel 18) was a television station in Midland, Texas, United States, owned by the Midland Telecasting Company. The station broadcast for three separate periods: briefly in January and February 1962; between June 8, 1969, and March 16, 1971; and from February 2, 1973, to either October 13, October 16, or November 15, 1974, though the construction permit remained on the books into the 1980s. An independent station without network affiliation for its entire run, KDCD-TV had an extremely low effective radiated power from its transmitter atop downtown Midland's Wilco Building. It struggled against a variety of economic headwinds.

Wilco Building
The Wilco Building is a high rise in downtown Midland, Texas.  At 308 feet (94 m) tall and 22 floors, it is the second-tallest building in the city after the Bank of America Building. In 1985, the Wilco Building underwent some renovations. It is one of the iconic images of the Midland downtown skyline.
Jon Paul Puno
Jon Paul Puno (born 1985) is an American filmmaker and classical crossover singer. As a filmmaker, he has directed films such as Valle de Lágrimas (2006) and Peace Grows (2004). And also played a small role in the 2006 movie I Will Always Love You (film).

At the young age of 16 Puno created the Peace Grows! documentary which was latterly selected in various film festivals in the US and beyond including the International Festival of Human Rights of Barcelona, Spain, Mill Valley Film Festival, Atlanta Film Festival, Austin Film Festival and Nosotros American Latino Film Festival.
Later Puno graduated from the University of Southern California School of Cinematic Arts and went on to direct the film "Valle de Lágrimas" in 2006.

Mill Valley Film Festival
The Mill Valley Film Festival (MVFF) is an annual film festival organized by the California Film Institute. It takes place each October in Mill Valley, California, and welcomes more than 200 filmmakers, representing more than 50 countries, each year.
2015 Africa Cup Sevens
The 2015 RA Africa Cup Sevens is an Olympic qualification tournament for rugby sevens at the 2016 Summer Olympics held in Kempton Park, Gauteng, South Africa on 14–15 November 2015. It was the 3rd championship in a series that began in 2013.

The tournament qualified directly for the Olympics, while the second, third, and fourth place teams earned spots in the 2016 Men's Rugby Sevens Final Olympic Qualification Tournament.

Rugby sevens at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Rugby sevens at the 2016 Summer Olympics was held over six days in August 2016 in Rio de Janeiro. The 2016 Olympics was the debut for rugby sevens at the Summer Olympics, though rugby union was last played at the 1924 games.

The usual laws of rugby sevens applied.
Daraa and As-Suwayda offensive (June 2015)
The Daraa and As-Suwayda offensive (June 2015) (titled "The battle of the crushing of the tyrants" by the Southern Front) was launched in eastern Daraa Governorate during the Syrian Civil War, by the Southern Front and allied Islamic Front rebel group against government positions in and around the 52nd Mechanized Brigade base (Liwa 52), which housed an infantry unit, an artillery battalion and a T-72 tank battalion. The offensive moved directly onto nearby Al-Tha'lah airbase in western As-Suwayda Governorate after the swift capture of Brigade 52. However, after initially managing to capture parts of the airbase, the rebels were forced to withdraw.

Jaysh al-Muwahhidin
The Jaysh al-Muwahhidin (Arabic: جيش الموحدين, romanized: Jaysh al-Muwaḥḥidīn, lit. 'Army of Monotheists') was a Druze militia in the Syrian civil war that engaged in defensive war, though were also described as supporters of Bashar al-Assad and the Ba'athist Syrian government.

The group mainly operated in the Suwayda, Deraa, Damascus and other regions where the Druze are concentrated and announced their formation in the beginning of 2013. It operated largely in the Mount Druze, also known as Jabal al-Arab, a mountainous area of as-Suwayda Governorate as well as the Mount Hermon area in Damascus Governorate, areas primarily inhabited by Druze. The group was set up in response to attacks on Druze civilians. The group commemorates anticolonial figures such as Sultan al-Atrash, who was a prominent Druze chieftain. The group joined the National Guard in August 2025.
Çamlıdere, Kızıltepe
Çamlıdere (Kurdish: Gundikê Hecî Silêman, Zerîn) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Kızıltepe, Mardin Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Kîkan tribe and had a population of 54 in 2021.

Mardin Province
Mardin Province (Turkish: Mardin ili; Kurdish: Parêzgeha Mêrdîn; Arabic: محافظة ماردين; Classical Syriac: ܡܪܕܝܢ ܗܘܦܪܟܝܐ) is a province and metropolitan municipality in Turkey. Its area is 8,780 km2, and its population is 870,374 (2022). The largest city in the province is Kızıltepe, while the capital Mardin is the second largest city.
Star Trek (soundtrack)
Star Trek: Music from the Motion Picture is a soundtrack album for the 2009 film Star Trek, composed and arranged by Michael Giacchino. The score was recorded in October 2008 since the film was originally scheduled to be released the following December. It was performed by the Hollywood Studio Symphony and Page LA Studio Voices at the Sony Scoring Stage in Culver City, California. The score incorporates the "Theme from Star Trek" by Alexander Courage and Gene Roddenberry.

Varèse Sarabande
Varèse Sarabande is an American record label, owned by Concord Music Group and distributed by Universal Music Group, which specializes in film scores and original cast recordings. It aims to reissue rare or unavailable albums, as well as newer releases by artists no longer under a contract. The label's name was derived from combining French-born composer Edgard Varèse's last name with the musical term sarabande, a slow Spanish dance.

As of February 2018, Varèse operates as a division of Concord Music Group's Craft Recordings label.
Historic preservation
Historic preservation (US), built heritage preservation or built heritage conservation (UK) is an endeavor that seeks to preserve, conserve and protect buildings, objects, landscapes or other artifacts of historical significance. It is a philosophical concept that became popular in the twentieth century, which maintains that cities as products of centuries' development should be obligated to protect their patrimonial legacy. The term refers specifically to the preservation of the built environment, and not to preservation of, for example, primeval forests or wilderness.

Ancient Monuments Consolidation and Amendment Act 1913
The Ancient Monuments Consolidation and Amendment Act 1913 (3 & 4 Geo. 5. c. 32) was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that aimed to improve the protection afforded to ancient monuments in Britain.
Tavrichesky (inhabited locality)
Tavrichesky (Russian: Таврический; masculine), Tavricheskaya (Таврическая; feminine), or Tavricheskoye (Таврическое; neutral) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.

Urban localities

Tavricheskoye, Omsk Oblast, a work settlement in Tavrichesky District of Omsk Oblast

Rural localities

Tavrichesky, Rostov Oblast, a khutor in Nosovskoye Rural Settlement of Neklinovsky District of Rostov Oblast

Tavrichesky, Stavropol Krai, a settlement in Kulikovo-Kopansky Selsoviet of Turkmensky District of Stavropol Krai

Tavricheskoye, Krasnodar Krai, a selo in Srednechuburksky Rural Okrug of Kushchyovsky District of Krasnodar Krai

Kushchyovsky District
Kushchyovsky District (Russian: Кущёвский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the thirty-eight in Krasnodar Krai, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Kushchyovsky Municipal District. It is located in the north of the krai. The area of the district is 2,372 square kilometers (916 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a stanitsa) of Kushchyovskaya. Population:  67,164 (2010 Census); 70,513 (2002 Census); 66,238 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Kushchyovskaya accounts for 42.2% of the district's total population.
Mitsuhide Iwaki
Mitsuhide Iwaki (岩城 光英, Iwaki Mitsuhide; born 4 December 1949) is a Japanese politician of the Liberal Democratic Party, a member of the House of Councillors in the National Diet (national legislature). A native of Iwaki, Fukushima and graduate of Sophia University with a B.L., he worked at Suntory and served in the city assembly of Iwaki for two terms since 1980, in the assembly of Fukushima Prefecture for two terms from 1986 and as mayor of Iwaki for two terms from 1990. He was elected to the House of Councillors for the first time in 1998.

Iwaki was named Minister of Justice in Shinzo Abe cabinet on 7 October 2015.

Iwaki, Fukushima
Iwaki (いわき市, Iwaki-shi) is a city located in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 August 2023, Iwaki had a population of 322,019 in 143,500 households, and population density of 261 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 1,232.02 square kilometres (475.69 sq mi), making it the largest city in the prefecture and the 10th largest city in Japan (2010) in terms of area. Iwaki is a designated core city, and is also one of the growing number of cities written in hiragana. The present Iwaki City started as the merger of 14 smaller municipalities on October 1, 1966. Every year, Iwaki hosts the Taira Tanabata Festival from 6–8 August.
Neeraj Suri
Neeraj Suri is an American-Austrian computer scientist. He is a Distinguished University Professor at Lancaster University (UK)  and an adjunct professor of Computer Science at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst.

He holds a MS and PhD from the University of Massachusetts at Amherst. His research focuses on Trustworthy Computing, notably the experimental validation of software including quantification of dependability and security. He is a member of the IFIP WG10.4 on Dependable Computing and Fault Tolerance. He is a recipient of the NSF CAREER, Microsoft and IBM faculty awards

International Federation for Information Processing
The International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP) is a global organisation for researchers and professionals working in the field of computing to conduct research, develop standards and promote information sharing.

Established in 1960 under the auspices of UNESCO, IFIP is recognised by the United Nations and links some 50 national and international societies and academies of science with a total membership of over half a million professionals. IFIP is based in Laxenburg, Austria and is an international, non-governmental organisation that operates on a non-profit basis.
2023 in Philippine television
The following is a list of events affecting Philippine television in 2023. Events listed include television show debuts, finales, cancellations, and channel launches, closures and rebrandings, as well as information about controversies and carriage disputes.

The Voice Generations (Philippine TV series)
The Voice Generations is a 2023 Philippine television reality competition show broadcast by GMA Network. Based on the Australian television series The Voice Generations, it is the third spin-off of The Voice of the Philippines. Directed by Johnny Manahan, it was hosted by Dingdong Dantes. It premiered on August 27, 2023 on the network's Sunday Grande sa Gabi line up. The show concluded on December 10, 2023 with a total of 16 episodes.
Östorp and Ådran
Östorp and Ådran (sometimes Ådran and Östorp) (Östorp och Ådran) is a bimunicipal locality situated in Haninge Municipality and Huddinge Municipality in Stockholm County, Sweden with 244 inhabitants in 2010.

Urban areas in Sweden
An urban area or tätort (lit. 'dense locality') in Sweden has a minimum of 200 inhabitants and may be a city, town or larger village. It is a purely statistical concept, not defined by any municipal or county boundaries. Larger urban areas synonymous with cities or towns (Swedish: stad for both terms) for statistical purposes have a minimum of 10,000 inhabitants. The same statistical definition is also used for urban areas in the other Nordic countries.

In 2018, there were nearly two thousand urban areas in Sweden, which were inhabited by 87% of the Swedish population.

Urban area is a common English translation of the Swedish term tätort. The official term in English used by Statistics Sweden is, however, "locality" (Swedish: ort). It could be compared with "census-designated places" in the United States.
Title 51 of the United States Code
Title 51 of the United States Code (51 U.S.C.), entitled National and Commercial Space Programs, is the compilation of the general laws regarding space programs. It was promulgated by U.S. President Barack Obama on December 18, 2010 when he signed PL 111-314 (H.R. 3237) into law.

Promulgation
Promulgation is the formal proclamation or the declaration that a new statutory or administrative law is enacted after its final approval. In some jurisdictions, this additional step is necessary before the law can take effect.

After a new law is approved, it is announced to the public through the publication of government gazettes and/or on official government bulletins. National laws of extraordinary importance to the public may be announced by the head of state or head of government on a national broadcast. Local laws are usually announced in local newspapers and published in bulletins or compendia of municipal regulations.
WBDR
WBDR (106.7 FM) is a commercial radio station licensed to Copenhagen, New York, and serving the Watertown area of New York State.  It has a CHR/Top 40 radio format and is owned by Community Broadcasters, LLC.

Its effective radiated power (ERP) is 1,800 watts.  It uses a fairly tall tower, at 363 meters (1,191 ft) in height above average terrain (HAAT).

Community Broadcasters
Community Broadcasters, LLC is a Watertown, New York based radio holding group that owns radio stations in its own market and surrounding areas.  It was founded by media executives Bruce Mittman and Jim Leven, and started out in 2006 by buying stations owned by Clancy-Mance Communications, Inc.
Hamberg Glacier
Hamberg Glacier (54°21′S 36°31′W﻿ / ﻿54.350°S 36.517°W﻿ / -54.350; -36.517) is a glacier which flows in an east-northeasterly direction from the northeast side of Mount Sugartop to the west side of the head of Moraine Fjord, South Georgia. It was charted by the Swedish Antarctic Expedition, 1901–04, under Otto Nordenskiöld, who named it for Axel Hamberg, a Swedish geographer, mineralogist and Arctic explorer.

Swedish Antarctic Expedition
The Swedish Antarctic Expedition of 1901–1903 was a scientific expedition led by Otto Nordenskjöld and Carl Anton Larsen. It was the first Swedish endeavour to Antarctica in the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration.
Adlai E. Stevenson High School (New York City)
Adlai E. Stevenson High School was a New York City public high school located at 1980 Lafayette Avenue, in the Soundview section of the Bronx.

The New York City Department of Education closed the school in June 2009, owing to poor performance (high truancy, violence and a low graduation rate).  New, specialty schools were created as part of the New Century Schools initiative. The high schools on the Stevenson Campus are:

Bronx Community High School

Bronx Guild (X452)

Gateway School for Environmental Research and Technology (X295)

Millennium Art Academy (X312)

Pablo Neruda Academy for Architecture and World Studies (X305)

School for Community Research and Learning (X540)

Bronx Compass (X561)

In addition to the five high schools, two middle schools are collocated on campus:

Bronx Bridges High School (X432)

Antonia Pantoja Preparatory Academy, A College Board School (X376)

New York City Department of Education
The New York City Department of Education (NYCDOE) is the department of the government of New York City that manages the city's public school system. The City School District of the City of New York (more commonly known as New York City Public Schools) is the largest public school district in the United States (and among the largest in the world), with approximately 1.1 million students taught in more than 1,800 separate schools. The department covers all five boroughs of New York City, and has an annual budget of around $38 billion.

The department is run by the Panel for Educational Policy and the New York City Schools chancellor. The current chancellor is Kamar Samuels.
Lewis Meredith
Lewis Evan Meredith  (1900 - 1968) was an Anglican bishop, the seventh Suffragan Bishop of Dover in the modern era.

Educated at Lancing College and Trinity College, Cambridge, he was ordained in 1923 and began his career with a curacy at Oswestry. From 1927 to 1931 he was a Minor Canon at Canterbury Cathedral and then held incumbencies at Wath-on-Dearne and Bognor Regis. Following this he was Rural Dean of Eastbourne before ascending to the Episcopate, a post he held for 7 years. In retirement he continued to serve the church as an Assistant Bishop within the Diocese of Gloucester.

Oswestry
Oswestry (/ˈɒzwəstri/ OZ-wəss-tree; Welsh: Croesoswallt) is a market town, civil parish and historic railway town in Shropshire, England, close to the Welsh border. It is at the junction of the A5, A483 and A495 roads.

The town was the administrative headquarters of the Borough of Oswestry until that was abolished in 2009. At the 2021 Census, the population of Oswestry was 17,509. The town is five miles (8.0 km) from the Welsh border and has a mixed English and Welsh heritage.

Oswestry is the largest settlement within the Oswestry Uplands, a designated natural area and national character area.
NGC 6559
NGC 6559 is a star-forming region located at a distance of about 5000 light-years from Earth, in the constellation of Sagittarius, showing both emission (red) and reflection (bluish) regions. NGC 6559 is relatively small at only a few lightyears across. The nebula is found within Sharpless 29, an irregular H II region.

Star formation
Star formation is the process by which dense regions within molecular clouds in interstellar space—sometimes referred to as "stellar nurseries" or "star-forming regions"—collapse and form stars. As a branch of astronomy, star formation includes the study of the interstellar medium (ISM) and giant molecular clouds (GMC) as precursors to the star formation process, and the study of protostars and young stellar objects as its immediate products.  It is closely related to planet formation, another branch of astronomy.  Star formation theory, as well as accounting for the formation of a single star, must also account for the statistics of binary stars and the initial mass function. Most stars do not form in isolation but as part of a group of stars referred to as star clusters or stellar associations.
This Strange Engine
This Strange Engine is the ninth studio album by the British neo-prog band Marillion, released in April 1997 by the Castle Communications imprint Raw Power. It was the first of the three recordings that Marillion made under contract with Castle, after being dropped by EMI Records in 1995 and before eventually going independent in 2000. The album was recorded at The Racket Club in Buckinghamshire, England, between August and November 1996 and was produced by the band themselves.

EMI Records
EMI Records (formerly EMI Records Ltd.) is a British multinational record label owned by Universal Music Group. It was originally founded as a British flagship label by the music company EMI in 1972, and launched in January 1973 as the successor to its Columbia and Parlophone record labels. The label was later launched worldwide. It has a branch in India called EMI Records India, run by director Mohit Suri. In 2014, Universal Music Japan revived the label in Japan as the successor to EMI Records Japan. In June 2020, Universal revived the label as the successor to Virgin EMI, with Virgin Records now operating as an imprint of EMI Records. In February 2024, UMG Philippines relaunched EMI as a successor to the former EMI Philippines label after 22 years.
Totland, Vestland
Totland is a village in Stad Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The village is located on the northern shore of the Nordfjorden, immediately east of the larger village of Bryggja and about 18 kilometres (11 mi) east of the town of Måløy. The village is the site of Totland Church.

Måløy
Måløy (Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈmôːɫœʏ] ⓘ) is a town in Kinn Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The town is located on the southeastern side of the island of Vågsøy, about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) northeast of the village of Holvika and about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) south of the village of Raudeberg. The Måløy Bridge connects the town centre to the area of Deknepollen on the mainland. Sør-Vågsøy Church is located in Måløy.

Måløy is one of the most important fishing ports in Norway. In 1997, the town was granted town status by the municipality. The 2.22-square-kilometre (550-acre) town has a population (2024) of 3,343 and a population density of 1,506 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,900/sq mi). Prior to 2020, the town was also the administrative centre of the old Vågsøy Municipality.