hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Little England (Gloucester, Virginia)
Little England is a historic plantation house located near Gloucester, Gloucester County, Virginia.  The plantation dates to a 1651 land grant to a John Perrin family by Governor William Berkeley. His descendant, also named John Perrin, built the house on a point of land overlooking the York River directly across from Yorktown in 1716 with plans reputed to have been drawn by Christopher Wren. The house was used as a lookout for ships during the Battle of Yorktown. It is a 2+1⁄2-story, five-bay, gable roofed brick dwelling in the Georgian style.  A 1+1⁄2-story frame wing was added in 1954. It has a single-pile plan and two interior end chimneys. The brickwork is Flemish bond with few glazed headers.  Little England is one of Virginia's least altered and best-preserved colonial plantation homes. The interior features some of the finest colonial paneling in Virginia.

The house was restored in 1939.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1970.

York River (Virginia)
The York River is a navigable estuary, approximately 34 miles (55 km) long, in eastern Virginia in the United States. It ranges in width from 1 mile (1.6 km) at its head to 2.5 miles (4.0 km) near its mouth on the west side of Chesapeake Bay. Its watershed drains an area of the coastal plain of Virginia north and east of Richmond.

Its banks were inhabited by indigenous peoples for thousands of years.  In 2003 evidence was found of the likely site of Werowocomoco, one of two capitals used by the paramount chief Powhatan before 1609.  The site was inhabited since 1200 as a major village.  Enormously important in later U.S. history, the river was also the scene of early settlements of the Virginia Colony.  It was the site of significant events and battles in both the American Revolutionary War and the American Civil War.
La Brévière
La Brévière (French pronunciation: [la bʁevjɛʁ] ⓘ) is a former commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Val-de-Vie.

Calvados (department)
Calvados (UK: /ˈkælvədɒs/, US: /-doʊs, ˌkælvəˈdoʊs, ˌkɑːlvəˈ-/; French: [kalvados] ⓘ) is a department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. It takes its name from a cluster of rocks off the Normandy coast. In 2019, it had a population of 694,905.
PGM Hécate II
The Hécate II is the standard heavy sniper rifle and anti-materiel rifle of the French Army, sometimes known as the FR-12.7 (French: Fusil à Répétition de calibre 12.7 mm or "12.7 mm calibre repeating rifle"). It is manufactured by PGM Précision of France. This is the largest weapon manufactured by PGM, chambered for the .50 BMG (12.7×99mm NATO) cartridge. The name of the rifle is derived from the ancient Greek goddess Hecate.

Muzzle brake
A muzzle brake or recoil compensator is a device connected to, or a feature integral (ported barrel) to the construction of, the muzzle or barrel of a firearm or cannon that is intended to redirect a portion of propellant gases to counter recoil and unwanted muzzle rise. Barrels with an integral muzzle brake are often said to be ported.

The concept of a muzzle brake was first introduced for artillery. It was a common feature on many anti-tank guns, especially those mounted on tanks, in order to reduce the area needed to take up the strokes of recoil and kickback. They have been used in various forms for rifles and pistols to help control recoil and the rising of the barrel that normally occurs after firing. They are used on pistols for practical pistol competitions, and are usually called compensators in this context.
Ineke Dezentjé Hamming-Bluemink
Ineke Dezentjé Hamming-Bluemink (born 15 September 1954) is a former Dutch politician. As a member of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) she was elected to the House of Representatives from 3 June 2003 to 9 November 2011. She focused on matters linked to the Algemene Ouderdomswet and other pensions affairs. She was succeeded by Ybeltje Berckmoes-Duindam when she resigned to become corporate director of employers' organization FME-CWM. At FME-CWM, she succeeded her party colleague Jan Kamminga as the chairperson. She was appointed on November 14, 2011 and stepped down as president in 2021. From April 1, 2014, to March 31, 2016, Dezentjé Hamming-Bluemink served as an employer member of the Social and Economic Council representing VNO-NCW.

Previously, she was a member from 2002 to 2004 of the municipal council of Cromstrijen and studied law at Erasmus University Rotterdam.

Employers' organization
An employers' organization or employers' association is a collective organization of manufacturers, retailers, or other employers of wage labor. Employers' organizations seek to coordinate the behavior of their member companies in matters of mutual interest, such as during negotiations with trade unions or government bodies. Employers' organizations operate like trade unions and promote the economic and social interests of its member organizations.
Brush Valley (Pennsylvania)
Brush Valley is a southwest to northeast narrow valley of the Ridge-and Valley Province of the Appalachian Mountains in central Pennsylvania.  The valley is bordered by Nittany Mountain to the north and Brush Mountain to the south in Gregg and Miles Townships in eastern Centre County.  The main route of travel through the valley is PA Route 192 which starts at Centre Hall and travels the entirety of the valley before the valley ends near the village of Livonia in the Bald Eagle State Forest near R.B. Winter State Park.  The valley is a little over 16 mi (26 km) in length and averages around 1 mi (1.6 km) in width.  At its widest point it reaches only around 1.5 mi (2.4 km).

Centre Hall, Pennsylvania
Centre Hall is a borough in Centre County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is located in Penns Valley and is part of the State College, Pennsylvania Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2020 census, Centre Hall had a population of 1,268.

Centre Hall was so named on account of its location near the geographical center of Penns Valley.
Catocala clintoni
Catocala clintoni,  Clinton's underwing, is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found from Ontario and Quebec, southward to Florida, west to Texas and north to Wisconsin.

The wingspan is 45–55 mm. Adults are on wing from February to July depending on the location. There is probably one generation per year.

The larvae feed on Crataegus, Gleditsia triacanthos, Malus pumila, Prunus americana, Prunus ilicifolia and Ulmus.

Honey locust
The honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos),  also known as the thorny locust or thorny honeylocust, is a deciduous tree in the family Fabaceae, native to central North America where it is mostly found in the moist soil of river valleys. Honey locust trees are highly adaptable to different environments, and the species has been introduced worldwide. Outside its natural range it can be an aggressive, damaging invasive species.
Lighthouse (Eindhoven)
The Lighthouse also known as Niko Tower or Woontoren N is a high-rise residential building in the Strijp-S district of Eindhoven, Netherlands. Built between 2022 and 2025, the tower stands at 109 m (358 ft) with 34 floors and is the tallest building in Eindhoven as well as the 30th tallest in the Netherlands.

Residential area
A residential area is a land used in which housing predominates, as opposed to industrial and commercial areas.

Housing may vary significantly between, and through, residential areas. These include single-family housing, multi-family residential, or mobile homes. Zoning for residential use may permit some services or work opportunities or may totally exclude business and industry. It may permit high density land use or only permit low density uses.  Residential zoning usually includes a smaller FAR (floor area ratio) than business, commercial or industrial/manufacturing zoning. The area may be large or small.
Dana Meadows (Pakistan)
Dana Meadows are meadows located in the north-end of Kaghan Valley in Mansehra District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa the province of Pakistan. Surrounded by Lower Himalayan mountain peaks with elevation of around 15,000 feet (4,600 m), the alpine  meadows are located at an altitude of 10,000 feet (3,000 m).

Khanian is the starting point for a trip to Dana Meadows. The track to Dana Meadows was destroyed by the 2005 Kashmir earthquake which resulted the Jeep access to the meadows insurmountable.

Alpine tundra
Alpine tundra is a type of natural region or biome that does not contain trees because it is at high elevation, with an associated harsh climate. As the latitude of a location approaches the poles, the threshold elevation for alpine tundra gets lower until it reaches sea level and merges with polar tundra.

The high elevation causes an adverse climate, which is too cold and windy to support tree growth. Alpine tundra transitions to sub-alpine forests below the tree line; stunted forests occurring at the forest-tundra ecotone are known as krummholz. With increasing elevation it ends at the snow line where snow and ice persist through summer.

Alpine tundra occurs in mountains worldwide. The flora of the alpine tundra is characterized by dwarf shrubs close to the ground. The cold climate of the alpine tundra is caused by adiabatic cooling of air, and is similar to polar climate.
Lindy's
Lindy's was two different deli and restaurant chains in Manhattan, New York City. The first chain, founded by Leo "Lindy" Lindemann, operated from 1921 to 1969.  In 1979, the Riese Organization determined that the Lindy's trademark had been abandoned, and opened new restaurants, the last of which closed in February 2018.

Guys and Dolls
Guys and Dolls is a musical with music and lyrics by Frank Loesser and book by Jo Swerling and Abe Burrows. It is based on "The Idyll of Miss Sarah Brown" (1933) and "Blood Pressure", which are two short stories by Damon Runyon, and also borrows characters and plot elements from other Runyon stories, such as "Pick the Winner".

The show premiered on Broadway on November 24, 1950, where it ran for 1,200 performances and won the Tony Award for Best Musical. The musical has had several revivals on both Broadway and the West End, as well as a 1955 film adaptation starring Frank Sinatra, Marlon Brando, Jean Simmons, and Vivian Blaine, who reprised her role of Adelaide from Broadway.

Guys and Dolls is considered one of the greatest Broadway musicals. In 1998, Vivian Blaine, Sam Levene, Robert Alda and Isabel Bigley, along with the original Broadway cast of the 1950 Decca cast album, were 
inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame.
Blacklight (software)
Blacklight is an open-source Ruby on Rails engine for creating search interfaces on top of Apache Solr indices.  The software is used by libraries to create discovery layers or institutional repositories; by museums and archives to highlight digital collections; and by other information retrieval projects.

Information retrieval
Information retrieval (IR) in computing and information science is the task of identifying and retrieving information system resources that are relevant to an information need. The information need can be specified in the form of a search query. In the case of document retrieval, queries can be based on full-text or other content-based indexing. Information retrieval is the science of searching for information in a document, searching for documents themselves, and also searching for the metadata that describes data, and for databases of texts, images, or sounds. Cross-modal retrieval implies retrieval across modalities.

Automated information retrieval systems are used to reduce what has been called information overload. An IR system is a software system that provides access to books, journals, and other documents, as well as storing and managing those documents. Web search engines are the most visible IR applications.
Mike Hawkins (linebacker)
Michael Douglas Hawkins (born November 29, 1955) is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker for five seasons with the New England Patriots and Los Angeles Raiders of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Texas A&M–Kingsville Javelinas.

Los Angeles Raiders
The Los Angeles Raiders were a professional American football team of the National Football League (NFL). The Raiders played in Los Angeles from 1982 to 1994 before moving back to Oakland, California, where the team played from its inaugural 1960 season through 1981, and then again from 1995 to 2019.

The team's first home game in Los Angeles was at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum on November 22, 1982, after a 57-day player strike. They played their last game as a Los Angeles–based team on December 24, 1994. During their tenure in Los Angeles, the Raiders won four Division titles (AFC West), and one Super Bowl championship: 1983 (XVIII).

After both the Raiders and the Rams left Los Angeles after the 1994 season, Los Angeles was left without an NFL team until the 2016 season.
Trinitarian Sisters of Valence
The Congregation Sisters of the Most Holy Trinity, also known as the Trinitarian Sisters of Valence, is a Roman Catholic religious congregation of religious sisters based in Lyon, France, founded in 1660.

Religious congregation
A religious congregation is a type of religious institute in the Catholic Church. They are legally distinguished from religious orders – the other major type of religious institute – in that members take simple vows, whereas members of religious orders take solemn vows.
Jailbirds (1940 film)
Jailbirds is a 1940 British second feature ('B') comedy crime film directed by Oswald Mitchell and starring Albert Burdon, Harry Terry and Charles Farrell. It was written by Con West and Mitchell based on a theatrical sketch by Fred Karno.

Charles Farrell
Charles David Farrell (August 9, 1900 – May 6, 1990) was an American film actor whose height was in the 1920s and 1930s and the Mayor of Palm Springs from 1947 to 1955. Farrell was known for his onscreen romances with actress Janet Gaynor in more than a dozen films, including 7th Heaven, Street Angel, and Lucky Star. Later in life, he starred on TV in the 1950s sitcoms My Little Margie and played himself in The Charles Farrell Show. He was also among the early developers of Palm Springs.
Family of curves
In geometry, a family of curves is a set of curves, each of which is given by a function or parametrization in which one or more of the parameters is variable. In general, the parameter(s) influence the shape of the curve in a way that is more complicated than a simple linear transformation. Sets of curves given by an implicit relation may also represent families of curves.

Families of curves appear frequently in solutions of differential equations; when an additive constant of integration is introduced, it will usually be manipulated algebraically until it no longer represents a simple linear transformation.

Families of curves may also arise in other areas. For example, all non-degenerate conic sections can be represented using a single polar equation with one parameter, the eccentricity of the curve:

as the value of e changes, the appearance of the curve varies in a relatively complicated way.

Set (mathematics)
In mathematics, a set is a collection of different things; the things are called elements or members of the set and are typically mathematical objects: numbers, symbols, points in space, lines, geometric shapes, variables, or other sets.  A set may be finite or infinite. There is a unique set with no elements, called the empty set; a set with a single element is a singleton.

Mathematics typically does not define precisely what constitutes a "set" or "collection", because such a definition would have to be in terms of something else previously defined.  Instead, sets serve as foundational objects whose behavior is described by axioms modeled on intuition about collections, and then essentially all other mathematical objects are rigorously defined in terms of sets.

Set theory studies possible axiom systems and their consequences.
Since the first half of the 20th century, ZFC (Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory with the axiom of choice) has been the axiom system most commonly used.
Neff Tavern Smokehouse
The Neff Tavern Smokehouse is a historic smokehouse located on the old Santa Fe Trail northeast of Napton, Saline County, Missouri.  It is off Interstate 70 and 6 miles west of Arrow Rock, Missouri.  Missouri pioneer Isaac Neff (aka Isaac Nave) was born in Tennessee in 1797 and died in Missouri in 1878. He originally built a log tavern on the site in 1837. The Santa Fe Trail went between the tavern and the barn (later a stage station), skirted the family cemetery, and continued to the northwest. The tavern was torn down in 1890. The stone smokehouse is the only remaining original structure on Neff's former property.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.

Smokehouse
A smokehouse (North American) or smokery (British) is a building where meat or fish is cured with smoke. The finished product might be stored in the building, sometimes for a year or more. Even when smoke is not used, such a building—typically a subsidiary building—is sometimes referred to as a "smokehouse".  When smoke is not used, the term meathouse or meat house is common.
Escape the Backrooms
Escape the Backrooms is a cooperative horror video game developed by Fancy Games and Blackbird Interactive and published by Secret Mode. It was officially released on 23 October 2025, for Windows, after an early access version released on 11 August 2022. The game will be released on PlayStation 5 and the Xbox Series in 2026.

Early access
Early access, also known as alpha access, alpha founding, paid alpha, or game preview, is a funding model in the video game industry by which consumers can play a game in the various pre-release development cycles, such as pre-alpha, alpha, and/or beta, while the developer is able to use those funds to continue further development on the game. Those that pay to participate typically help to debug the game, provide feedback and suggestions, and may have access to special materials in the game. The early-access approach is a common way to obtain funding for indie games, and may also be used along with other funding mechanisms, including crowdfunding. Many crowdfunding projects promise to offer access to alpha and/or beta versions of the game as development progresses; however, unlike some of these projects which solicit funds but do not yet have a playable game, all early access games offer an immediately playable version of the unfinished game to players.
Lydie Err
Lydie Err (born 23 April 1949, in Pétange) is a Luxembourgish politician.

She was elected to the Chamber of Deputies for the Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party (LSAP) in 1984, representing Circonscription Sud.  She was re-elected in 1989, 1994, 1999, and 2004.  From 1989 until 1991, she sat as one of the two Vice-Presidents of the Chamber.  She entered the Juncker-Poos Ministry in 1998 as a Secretary of State.  She remained for one year, before the CSV-LSAP coalition collapsed in the wake of the LSAP's 1999 election defeat.

1994 Luxembourg general election
General elections were held in Luxembourg on 12 June 1994, alongside European Parliament elections. The Christian Social People's Party remained the largest party, winning 21 of the 60 seats in the Chamber of Deputies. It continued the coalition government with the Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party.
West Division (WHA)
The WHA's West Division was formed in 1972. The division existed for five seasons until 1977. In 1972, the WHA was formed with 12 teams, split into two divisions of six teams each, with the other division being the East Division.  The division existed until 1977, as the WHA decreased to only eight teams and divisions weren't used anymore.

Calgary Cowboys
The Calgary Cowboys were an ice hockey team that played two seasons in the World Hockey Association (WHA) from 1975 to 1977. The Cowboys played at the Stampede Corral in Calgary. The franchise was founded in 1972 as the Miami Screaming Eagles, though it never played a game in Miami. The team was based in Philadelphia  and Vancouver, known in both markets as the Blazers, before relocating to Calgary. The franchise folded in 1977.
WD 1856+534
WD 1856+534 is a white dwarf located in the constellation of Draco. At a distance of about 25 parsecs (80 ly) from Earth, it is the outer component of a visual triple star system consisting of an inner pair of red dwarf stars, named G 229-20. The white dwarf displays a featureless absorption spectrum, lacking strong optical absorption or emission features in its atmosphere. It has an effective temperature of 4,700 K (4,430 °C; 8,000 °F), corresponding to an age of approximately 5.8 billion years. WD 1856+534 is approximately half as massive as the Sun, while its radius is much smaller, being 40% larger than Earth.

Absorption (electromagnetic radiation)
In physics, absorption of electromagnetic radiation is how matter (typically electrons bound in atoms) takes up a photon's energy—and so transforms electromagnetic energy into internal energy of the absorber (for example, thermal energy).

A notable effect of the absorption of electromagnetic radiation is attenuation of the radiation; attenuation is the gradual reduction of the intensity of light waves as they propagate through a medium.

Although the absorption of waves does not usually depend on their intensity (linear absorption), in certain conditions (optics) the medium's transparency changes by a factor that varies as a function of wave intensity, and saturable absorption (or nonlinear absorption) occurs.
Revelation (Armored Saint album)
Revelation is the fifth studio album by the American heavy metal band Armored Saint. It was released in 2000 on Metal Blade Records. Armored Saint reformed in the entire Symbol of Salvation lineup to record Revelation in 1999 after six years of being disbanded. The result is a traditional heavy metal record and a natural sequel of their previous effort. The limited edition came with a bonus CD including the complete A Trip Thru Red Times video.

"Creepy Feelings", "What's Your Pleasure", and the Japanese bonus track "Shadows" were originally demoed in 1989 with original guitarist Dave Prichard during the writing sessions of what would become the Symbol of Salvation album, but ultimately did not make the cut.

The song "The Pillar" was originally written for the 1992 horror film Hellraiser III: Hell on Earth where the band makes a cameo appearance as a bar band performing the song "Hanging Judge" at the 'Boiler Room' club.

Metal Blade Records
Metal Blade Records (often shortened to Metal Blade) is an American independent record label founded by Brian Slagel in 1982 based in the U.S. state of California. The label primarily focuses on heavy metal.
Prey (2024 film)
Prey is a 2024 American action thriller film written and directed by Mukunda Michael Dewil and starring Ryan Phillippe and Emile Hirsch, with Dylan Flashner, Tristan Thompson, Jeremy Tardy, Michaela Sasner, and Mena Suvari in supporting roles. It was released on March 15, 2024, by Vertical.

Kodansha USA
Kodansha USA Publishing, LLC is a publishing company based in New York, US, and a subsidiary of Japan's largest publishing company Kodansha. Established in July 1st 2008, Kodansha USA publishes books relating to Japan, Japanese culture, and manga, the latter under their Kodansha Manga imprint (formerly Kodansha Comics).

In 2020, Kodansha announced that it had consolidated Kodansha Advanced Media and Vertical into Kodansha USA Publishing, with Kodansha Advanced Media general manager Alvin Lu becoming the president and CEO of Kodansha USA Publishing.

On March 9, 2021, Kodansha USA Publishing announced it had rebranded and relaunched its website, and unified Kodansha Comics, Kodansha USA International, and Vertical under the Kodansha name, and Kodansha Comics being renamed Kodansha Manga.