hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Muscular Christianity
Muscular Christianity is a religious movement that originated in England in the mid-19th century, characterized by a belief in patriotic duty, discipline, self-sacrifice, masculinity, and the moral and physical beauty of athleticism.

The movement came into vogue during the Victorian era as a method of building character in pupils at English public schools. It is most often associated with English author Thomas Hughes and his 1857 novel Tom Brown's School Days, as well as writers Charles Kingsley and Ralph Connor. American President Theodore Roosevelt was raised in a household that practised Muscular Christianity and was a prominent adherent to the movement. Roosevelt, Kingsley, and Hughes promoted physical strength and health as well as an active pursuit of Christian ideals in personal life and politics. Muscular Christianity has continued through organizations that combine physical and Christian spiritual development. It is influential within both Catholicism and Protestantism.

Religious movement
A religious movement is a theological, social, political, or philosophical interpretation of religion that is not generally represented and controlled by a specific church, sect, or denomination.  A religious movement is characterized by significant growth in people, ideas and culture. Otherwise, it ceases to be a movement.
Dublin Zoo
Dublin Zoo (Irish: Zú Bhaile Átha Cliath), in Phoenix Park, is a zoo in Dublin, Ireland, and one of Dublin's most popular attractions. Established and designed in 1830 by Decimus Burton, it opened the following year. Today, it focuses on conservation projects, breeding programmes, and growing awareness for animals. Its stated mission is to "work in partnership with zoos worldwide to make a significant contribution to the conservation of the endangered species on Earth".

Covering over 28 hectares (69 acres) of Phoenix Park, the zoo is divided into habitats including the Himalayan Hills, Wolves in the Woods, the African Savanna, Kaziranga Forest Trail, South American House, Zoorassic World, Gorilla Rainforest, Orangutan Forest, Sea Lion Cove, and Family Farm (as of July 2022). Overall, the zoo houses about 400 animals across 100 species and attracts over one million visitors each year.

White-faced saki
The white-faced saki (Pithecia pithecia), is a species of New World saki monkey. The small bodied neotropical primate can be found in Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela. This species feeds mostly on fruits, nuts, seeds, and insects. Although it is an arboreal species and is a specialist of brachiation, it is also terrestrial when foraging. Typical life expectancy is around 14 years in its natural habitat, although individuals have been recorded to live up to 36 years in captivity. The white faced saki is active in the day and sleeps highly elevated (15–20 m (49–66 ft)) in trees with many leaves to shelter from weather and flying predators.

A formerly recognized subspecies, P. p. chrysocephala, was elevated to full species status as P. chrysocephala in 2014.
Secret Service Counter Assault Team
The Counter Assault Team (CAT) is a specialized tactical unit of the U.S. Secret Service that provides tactical support to the Presidential Protective Division to protect the president of the United States. This is in contrast to the Presidential Protective Division whose mission is to shield the president from an attack and to evacuate them to a place of safety. The CAT can also provide tactical support to other designated protectees, at venues and National Special Security Events.

The Secret Service first began fielding counter assault teams in 1979. "Hawkeye" is the designation for a CAT assigned to the president, followed by the president's Secret Service code name. For example, the code name for President Obama's CAT was "Hawkeye Renegade".

United States Secret Service
The United States Secret Service (USSS or Secret Service) is a federal law enforcement agency under the United States Department of Homeland Security. It is tasked with conducting criminal investigations and providing protection to American political leaders, their families, and visiting heads of state or government.

The Secret Service was, until 2003, part of the United States Department of the Treasury, due to their initial mandate of combating counterfeiting of United States currency. The agency has protected United States presidents and presidential candidates since 1901.
Christian Annan
Christian Kwesi Annan (Chinese: 安基斯; born 3 May 1978) is a former professional footballer who played as a striker or left winger. Born in Ghana, he represented Hong Kong at international level. He is renowned in Hong Kong for his high pace and dribbling skill.

Hong Kong First Division League
The Hong Kong First Division League (Chinese: 香港甲組聯賽) is the second-highest division in the Hong Kong football league system. Established in 1908, it is the third oldest in Asia, after Calcutta and Bombay. Moreover, it is the oldest top-flight league system in Asia. The league was formerly the highest division in Hong Kong until the formation of the Hong Kong Premier League in 2014.

Since 1908, a total of 29 clubs have been crowned champions of the Hong Kong football system. South China are the most successful club, having won 41 times since their first participation in 1941.
2014 New York Mets season
The 2014 New York Mets season was the 53rd season of the franchise. The Mets finished 79–83, their most wins since the 2010 season. Also, they finished tied for second place in the National League East, their highest place in the standings since 2008. On July 8, the Mets won 8–3 over the Atlanta Braves to celebrate their 4,000th win in team history.

2010 New York Mets season
The 2010 New York Mets season was the franchise's 49th season and their second at Citi Field. The team was attempting to rebound from the injury plagued 2009 season as they sought their first postseason appearance since 2006. However, they failed in their goal, earning a 79–83 record and second consecutive fourth-place finish in the National League East, leading to the firing of manager Jerry Manuel and the dismissal of general manager Omar Minaya at the conclusion of the season.
Electoral district of Hannans
Hannans was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Western Australia from 1901 to 1956.

The district was located on the Eastern Goldfields and was based in the mining districts surrounding Kalgoorlie. It was one of several districts created for the 1901 election at the 1899 redistribution. Upon its creation, it took in the outskirts of Kalgoorlie and Boulder as well as the towns of Feysville and Boorara. While the mostly immigrant population had been in the area for some time, they only got the right to vote at the election due to changes in the electoral law which modified residency requirements.

The seat was at all times held by the Labor Party. It was abolished before the 1956 election in a redistribution, and its area was split between the Kalgoorlie and Boulder electorates.

Electoral district of Kalgoorlie
Kalgoorlie is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Western Australia.

The district includes not only the town of Kalgoorlie, but significant parts of the outback in central and eastern Western Australia.

Long a Labor stronghold, the district was lost to the Liberal Party at the 2001 state election. The new Liberal member, Matt Birney, was re-elected at the 2005 state election. The district then proceeded to change hands at every election until the 2025 state election where incumbent Labor MP Ali Kent retained the seat for the first time in 20 years.
Pierre G. Deslondes
Pierre George Deslondes, last name sometimes spelled Deslonde (born c. 1825), was an African-American sugar planter who served as Secretary of State of Louisiana during the Reconstruction era. He was a wealthy freeman. He served as secretary of state from 1872 until 1876. He later published the News Pioneer in Plaquemine. He owned $55,000 (~$1.56 million in 2024) worth of property in 1860.

He filed a petition in 1859. He was a Republican organizer in Iberville Parish.

He was the son of George Deslondes (died July 7, 1854) and Eloise Belly. Odile and Victoria were his siblings.

Secretary of State of Louisiana
The secretary of state of Louisiana (French: Secrétaire d'État de la Louisiane) is one of the elected constitutional officers of the U.S. state of Louisiana and serves as the head of the Louisiana Department of State. The position was created by Article 4, Section 7 of the Louisiana Constitution.

The current secretary of state is Nancy Landry.
Messina astronomical clock
38°11′32.14″N 15°33′16.84″E﻿ / ﻿38.1922611°N 15.5546778°E﻿ / 38.1922611; 15.5546778

The astronomical clock of Messina is an astronomical clock in Messina, Sicily, southern Italy, constructed by the Ungerer Company of Strasbourg in 1933. It is built into the campanile of Messina Cathedral.

The mechanism was designed by Frédéric Klinghammer, with the artistic design based on plans by Théodore Ungerer. Parts of the design are similar to the Strasbourg astronomical clock. The idea was to restore the ancient astronomical clock of the old medieval bell tower of the cathedral of Messina, destroyed in previous eras. It was commissioned by the Archbishop of Messina Angelo Paino to mark the reconstruction of the campanile after the 1908 Messina earthquake, perhaps on inspiration of Pope Pius XI, who gave him a functioning model of the Strasbourg clock.

The clock's displays appear in several different levels of the campanile, on the sides facing the square and the cathedral.

1908 Messina earthquake
A devastating earthquake occurred on 28 December 1908 in Sicily and Calabria, southern Italy, with a moment magnitude of 7.1 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme). The epicentre was in the Strait of Messina which separates Sicily from the Italian mainland. The cities of Messina and Reggio Calabria were nearly destroyed and around 120,000 people died, making it the deadliest earthquake in the history of Europe.
Spinycheek soldierfish
The spinycheek soldierfish (Corniger spinosus) is a species of soldierfish found in the Atlantic Ocean at depths of 45 to 275 metres (148 to 902 ft). This species grows to a length of 20 centimetres (7.9 in) TL. It is the only known member of genus Corniger.

Myripristinae
Myripristinae is a subfamily of the ray-finned fish family Holocentridae. They are typically known as soldierfish.

Fossil members of the group include Africentrum from Malta and Holocentrites from Florida.
Coppia ferrarese
Coppia ferrarese (Italian: [ˈkɔppja ferraˈreːze, ˈkop-, -eːse]), also known as ciopa, ciupeta and pane ferrarese, is a type of sourdough bread made with flour, lard, malt, and olive oil, and has a twisted shape. It was first made around the thirteenth century in the Italian province of Ferrara. It has protected geographical indication (PGI) in the European Union status under European Union law, which was obtained in 2001.

Province of Ferrara
The province of Ferrara (Italian: provincia di Ferrara; Emilian: pruvîncia ad Fràra) is a province in the Italian region of Emilia-Romagna. Its capital is the city of Ferrara. As of May 2023, it has a population of 338,143 inhabitants over an area of 2,635.12 square kilometres (1,017.43 sq mi). The province contains 23 comuni (sg.: comune), listed in the list of comuni of the province of Ferrara. Its provincial president is Gianni Michele Padovani.
Corpus manager
A corpus manager (corpus browser or corpus query system) is a tool for multilingual corpus analysis, which allows effective searching in corpora.

A corpus manager usually represents a complex tool that allows one to perform searches for language forms or sequences. It may provide information about the context or allow the user to search by positional attributes, such as lemma, tag, etc. These are called concordances. Other features include the ability to search for collocations, frequency statistics as well as metadata information about the processed text.
The narrower meaning of corpus manager refers only to the server side or the corpus query engine, whereas the client side is simply called the user interface.

A corpus manager can be software installed on a personal computer or it might be provided as a web service.

Part-of-speech tagging
In corpus linguistics, part-of-speech tagging (POS tagging, PoS tagging, or POST), also called grammatical tagging, is the process of marking up a word in a text (corpus) as corresponding to a particular part of speech, based on both its definition and its context.
A simplified form of this is commonly taught to school-age children, in the identification of words as nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, etc.

Once performed by hand, POS tagging is now done in the context of computational linguistics, using algorithms which associate discrete terms, as well as hidden parts of speech, by a set of descriptive tags. POS-tagging algorithms fall into two distinctive groups: rule-based and stochastic. E. Brill's tagger, one of the first and most widely used English POS taggers, employs rule-based algorithms.
Corey Bojorquez
Corey Bojorquez (/boʊˈhɔːrkɛz/ boh-HOR-kez; born September 13, 1996) is an American professional football punter for the Cleveland Browns of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Cerritos College before transferring to New Mexico, and signed with the New England Patriots as an undrafted free agent in 2018. He has also played for the Buffalo Bills, Los Angeles Rams, and Green Bay Packers.

Punter (gridiron football)
A punter in gridiron football is a special teams player who receives the snapped ball directly from the line of scrimmage and then punts (kicks) the football to the opposing team so as to limit any field position advantage. This generally happens on a fourth down in American football and a third down in Canadian football. Punters may also occasionally take part in fake punts in those same situations, when they throw or run the football to get a first down instead of punting.
NGC 5917
NGC 5917 is a spiral galaxy located in the constellation of Libra. It was discovered by English astronomer John Herschel on 16 July 1835. This galaxy is located at a distance of 90.4 ± 6.2 million light-years (27.73 ± 1.90 Mpc) from the Milky Way, and is receding with a heliocentric radial velocity of 1,934.1 km/s. It is interacting with the neighboring galaxy, PGC 54817, at an angular separation of 4.2′. Tidal tails extend from PGC 54817 to the halo of NGC 5917.

One supernova has been observed in NGC 5917. SN 1990Q (type II, mag. 18) was discovered by Christian Pollas on 24 June 1990.

Interacting galaxy
Interacting galaxies, also known as colliding galaxies, are two or more galaxies whose gravitational fields result in a disturbance of one another. There are several types of galactic interactions, including major interactions, minor interactions, and galaxy harassment. Major interactions occur between galaxies with similar amounts of mass, whereas minor interactions involve galaxies with masses that vary significantly. An example of a minor interaction is a satellite galaxy disturbing the primary galaxy's spiral arms. An example of a major interaction is a galactic collision, such as the one that  astronomers estimate will happen in the future between the Milky Way and Andromeda. Collisions may lead to galaxy mergers and may also lead to other phenomena such as star formation and black hole activity.
Ishiya Kofun
Ishiya Kofun (石屋古墳)  is a Kofun period burial mound, located on the border of the Yata-chō and Higashitsuda-chō neighborhoods of the city of Matsue, Shimane in the San'in region of Japan. The tumulus was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1979. It is one of the largest rectangular tombs in the San'in region and is in good preservation.

Matsue
Matsue (Japanese: 松江市, Hepburn: Matsue-shi) is the capital city of Shimane Prefecture, Japan, located in the Chūgoku region of Honshu. As of 31 March 2023, the city had an estimated population of 196,748 in 91287 households and a population density of 340 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 572.99 square kilometres (221.23 sq mi). Matsue is home to the  Tokugawa-era Matsue Castle, one of the last surviving feudal castles in Japan.
Zimmerman (surname)
Zimmerman is a surname, a variant of the German Zimmermann, meaning "carpenter" (literally "room man").  The modern German terms for carpenter are Zimmerer, Tischler, or Schreiner, but Zimmermann is still used. It is also commonly associated with Ashkenazi Jews.

Zimmer in literal German means "room" or archaically a chamber within a structure; it is cognate with the English word "timber". The German mann means "man" or "worker". Combining the two German words, one gets "a worker of wood", or, literally translated, "room man" or "room worker".

At the 1990 United States census, it ranked as the 441st-most common surname. German names were regularly Anglicized with immigration. Surnames were often translated, so in this case, Zimmerman would become Carpenter.

Notable people and characters with the surname include:

Zimmermann
Zimmermann is a German occupational surname for a carpenter. The modern German terms for the occupation of carpenter are Zimmerer, Tischler, or Schreiner, but Zimmermann is still used.

A variant of Zimmermann is Zimmerman. Other variants include Zimmermanns, Timmermann, Cymerman and Cimrman.
Toledo Infantry Academy
The Toledo Infantry Academy (ACINF) is a military academy of Spanish Army, located in the city of Toledo, Spain. The center is responsible for providing basic training, specialization and training for officers and non-commissioned officers of the infantry branch of the Spanish Army. Lying at the opposite bank of the Tagus than the main urban core, it is connected to the Santa Bárbara residential area through the Cuesta de San Servando.

Spanish Army
The Spanish Army (Spanish: Ejército de Tierra, lit. 'Army of Land') is the terrestrial army of the Spanish Armed Forces responsible for land-based military operations. It is one of the oldest active armies, dating back to the late 15th century.

The Spanish Army has existed continuously since the reign of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella (late 15th century). The oldest and largest of the three services, its mission was the defence of Peninsular Spain, the Balearic Islands, the Canary Islands, Melilla, Ceuta and the Spanish islands and rocks off the northern coast of Africa.
B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia
B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia, referred to as B-PLL, is a rare blood cancer. It is a more aggressive, but still treatable, form of leukemia.

Specifically, B-PLL is a prolymphocytic leukemia (PLL) that affects prolymphocytes – immature forms of B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes – in the peripheral blood, bone marrow, and spleen. It is an aggressive cancer that presents poor response to treatment.

Mature lymphocytes are infection-fighting immune system cells. B-lymphocytes have two responsibilities:

Production of antibodies – In response to antigens, B-lymphocytes produce and release antibodies specific to foreign substances in order to aid in their identification and elimination phagocytes

Generation of memory cells – Interactions between antibodies and antigens allow B-lymphocytes to establish cellular memories, otherwise known as immunities that allow the body to respond more rapidly and efficiently to previously encountered species

CD20
B-lymphocyte antigen CD20 or CD20 is B lymphocyte cell-surface molecule.

It is a 33-37 kDa non-glycosylated protein. CD20 is expressed on the surface of B-cells from the pre-B phase, the expression is lost in terminally differentiated plasma cells.

CD20 is used as a therapeutical target of B-cell malignancies and autoimmune diseases.
2019 Volta ao Algarve
The 2019 Volta ao Algarve is a road cycling stage race that took place in the Algarve region of Portugal between 20 and 24 February 2019. It was the 45th edition of the Volta ao Algarve and was rated as a 2.HC event as part of the UCI Europe Tour.

Volta ao Algarve
The Volta ao Algarve (Portuguese; English: Tour of the Algarve) is a road bicycle racing stage race held annually in the Algarve, Portugal. Since 2017, it has been organised as a 2.HC event on the UCI Europe Tour. The race became part of the new UCI ProSeries in 2020. Due to its early February position in the European calendar, it is used by many riders to prepare for the Spring Classics.
Windjana Gorge National Park
Windjana Gorge National Park is a national park in the Kimberley region of Western Australia, 1855 km northeast of Perth and 355 km east of Broome. It is open during the dry season only, usually April to November (dates vary according to conditions).

The gorge has been carved by the Lennard River and is over 3 km long and about 100 m wide with walls to a height of 30 m in places. The rocks are part of the Napier Range, an ancient Devonian reef system that is over 375 million years old.
The rocks are the same as the ones found at Tunnel Creek and Geikie Gorge.

The river flows freely through the gorge during the wet season but during the dry season (between May and September) it becomes a series of pools surrounded by trees and shrubs. Some of the vegetation found along the river banks include paperbarks, cadjebuts, native fig trees and leichhardt trees.

It is part of the  Balili (Devonian Reef) Conservation Park.

Tunnel Creek
Tunnel Creek is a creek located within the grounds of Tunnel Creek National Park in the Kimberley region of Western Australia. Along with Geikie Gorge and Windjana Gorge, Tunnel Creek is part of an ancient barrier reef that developed during the Devonian Period. Tunnel Creek is located 63 kilometres from the Great Northern Highway, between Derby and Fitzroy Crossing, and was created by waters from a creek that cut a 750-metre tunnel through the reef. The tunnel is 15 metres wide and up to 12 metres high. Tunnel Creek was also the hideout for the Bunuba man Jandamarra, also known as Pigeon, who was killed there by police in 1897.

The yellow-lipped cave bat, species Vespadelus douglasorum, was first collected at this location.
Linear programming decoding
In information theory and coding theory, linear programming decoding (LP decoding) is a decoding method which uses concepts from linear programming (LP) theory to solve decoding problems. This approach was first used by Jon Feldman et al. They showed how the LP can be used to decode block codes.

The basic idea behind LP decoding is to first represent the maximum likelihood decoding of a linear code as an integer linear program, and then relax the integrality constraints on the variables into linear inequalities.

Linear programming relaxation
In mathematics, the relaxation of a (mixed) integer linear program is the problem that arises by removing the integrality constraint of each variable.

For example, in a 0–1 integer program, all constraints are of the form

.

The relaxation of the original integer program instead uses a collection of linear constraints

The resulting relaxation is a linear program, hence the name. This relaxation technique transforms an NP-hard optimization problem (integer programming) into a related problem that is solvable in polynomial time (linear programming); the solution to the relaxed linear program can be used to gain information about the solution to the original integer program.
The Cambridge History of Japan
The Cambridge History of Japan is a multi-volume survey of Japanese history published by Cambridge University Press (CUP).  This was the first major collaborative synthesis presenting the current state of knowledge of Japanese history.  The series aims to present as full a view of Japanese history as possible. The collaborative work brings together the writing of Japanese specialists and historians of Japan.

John Whitney Hall
John Whitney Hall (September 13, 1916 – October 21, 1997) was an American historian of Japan who specialized in pre-modern Japanese history. His life work was recognized by the Japanese government, which awarded him the Order of the Sacred Treasure.