hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
University of Hawaiʻi Press
The University of Hawaiʻi Press is a university press that is part of the University of Hawaiʻi.

The University of Hawaiʻi Press was founded in 1947, publishing research in all disciplines of the humanities and natural and social sciences in the regions of Asia and the Pacific. In addition to scholarly monographs, the press publishes educational materials and reference works such as dictionaries, language texts, classroom readers, atlases, and encyclopedias.

The press is currently a member of the Association of University Presses.

Association of University Presses
The Association of University Presses (AUPresses) is an association of nonprofit, mostly, but not exclusively, North American university presses. It is based in New York City. Until December 2017, it was known as the Association of American University Presses (AAUP).

In 2021, AUPresses became an affiliate member of the American Council of Learned Societies. AUPresses is also an affiliate member of the International Publishers Association.
My Great Grandfather
My Great Grandfather is a 2019 Malayalam-language family-drama film starring Jayaram, Surabhi Santosh, Baburaj, Divya Pillai and directed by Aneesh Anwar. The cinematography was handled by Sameer Haq and the film was bankrolled by Achicha Cinemas, which previously produced Kunchacko Boban-starrer Kuttanadan Marpappa.

The switch on ceremony of the film garnered a lot of media attention as it was attended by the superstars of Malayalam cinema Mammootty and Mohanlal.

The film was shot mainly in Alappuzha, Ooty and Cherthala and was released on 7 June 2019.This movie was a commercial failure.

Kuttanadan Marpappa
Kuttanadan Marpappa is a 2018 Indian Malayalam-language romantic comedy film written and directed by Sreejith Vijayan. The cast includes Kunchacko Boban, Surabhi Santosh, Aditi Ravi, Innocent, Ramesh Pisharody, and Dharmajan Bolgatty. Kuttanadan Marpappa was released in India on 29 March 2018.
Rodent Research Hardware System
NASA's Rodent Research Hardware System provides a research platform aboard the International Space Station for long-duration experiments on rodents in space. Such experiments will examine how microgravity affects the rodents, providing information relevant to human spaceflight, discoveries in basic biology, and knowledge that can help treat human disease on Earth.

Center for the Advancement of Science in Space
The Center for the Advancement of Science in Space (CASIS), a non-profit organization, is the manager of the International Space Station United States National Laboratory, a US government-funded laboratory with principal research facilities located in the United States Orbital Segment of the International Space Station (ISS).
Tsing Yi Nature Trail
Tsing Yi Nature Trail (Chinese: 青衣自然徑), also known as Kwai Tsing Reunification Health Trail is a hiking trail on Tsing Yi Island, New Territories, Hong Kong.

At the highest point, it has a view of Rambler Channel and Ma Wan Channel, with Ting Kau Bridge and Tsing Ma Bridge spanning over.

Ting Kau Bridge
Ting Kau Bridge is a 1,177-metre (3,862 ft) long cable-stayed bridge in Hong Kong that spans from the northwest of Tsing Yi Island and Tuen Mun Road. It is near the Tsing Ma Bridge which also serves as a major connector between the Hong Kong International Airport on Lantau Island and the rest of Hong Kong. It was completed on 5 May 1998. The bridge is toll-free.

The bridge is part of Route 3, connecting the northwest New Territories with Hong Kong Island. Other major structures on the road include the Tai Lam Tunnel, the Cheung Tsing Tunnel, the Cheung Tsing Bridge and the Western Harbour Crossing. The Ting Kau Bridge carries the heaviest traffic volume of the bridges on the Lantau Link, with many container trucks travelling between mainland China and the Hong Kong container port. A chromatic study and specially designed architectural lighting are intended to set the bridge off in its surroundings.
Always, Then, & Now
Always, Then, & Now stylized as Always, Then + Now is the fourth studio album of independent singer songwriter Jay Brannan after his albums Goddamned in 2008, In Living Cover in 2009 and Rob Me Blind in 2012. The 12-track album on his own independent Great Depression Records was released on 15 July 2014. It was produced in collaboration with Drew Brody who first worked with Brannan on his 2009 album In Living Color.

The track "Blue-Haired Lady" was the first official single release accompanied by a video release directed by Who Ate My Teeth and strings by Skye Steele. The follow-up was "Square One" accompanied by an official video release directed by ThreadKillers. The tracks were produced by Jay Brannan & Drew Brody and arrangement and instrumentation by Scott Starrett.

Goddamned (album)
Goddamned is the debut studio album by American singer–songwriter Jay Brannan, released in the United States on July 1, 2008, and in the UK on August 25. The album features eleven original songs; a bonus track is included by purchase via iTunes.
Coleman University
Coleman University (1963–2018) was a private university in San Diego, California, focused on Information Technology education. Coleman had a technology-based curriculum with undergraduate, graduate, and distance education academic programs and was accredited by the Accrediting Council for Independent Colleges and Schools.  The university closed on August 5, 2018.

San Marcos, California
San Marcos (/ˌsæn ˈmɑːrkoʊs/ SAN MAR-kohs; Spanish for "St. Mark") is a city in the North County region of San Diego County, California, United States. As of the 2020 census, the city's population was 94,833. It is the site of California State University San Marcos and Palomar College. The city is bordered by Escondido to the east, Encinitas to the southwest, Carlsbad to the west, and Vista to the northwest. Lake San Marcos is an enclave, or county island, within the southwestern part of the city and its sphere of influence but is an unincorporated community.
Joan Brown Campbell
Joan Louise Brown Campbell (November 13, 1931 – March 29, 2025) was an American Christian minister and ecumenical leader. She had standing as an ordained minister in both the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) and the American Baptist Church. In 1991, she became the first ordained woman to serve as the general secretary for the National Council of Churches of Christ USA. During her career, she also served as the head of the US office for the World Council of Churches, and later, as director of the Religion Department for the Chautauqua Institution. In both cases, she was the first woman to hold these roles.

Chautauqua Institution
The Chautauqua Institution (/ʃəˈtɔːkwə/ shə-TAW-kwə) is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit education center and summer resort for adults and youth located on 2,070 acres (840 ha) in Chautauqua, New York, 17 miles (27 km) northwest of Jamestown in the western southern tier of New York state. Established in 1874, the institution was the home of, and provided the impetus for, the Chautauqua movement that became popular in the United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The Chautauqua Institution Historic District is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and was further designated a National Historic Landmark.
Glen Scotia distillery
Glen Scotia, historically known as The Scotia or Old Scotia is a distillery that produces single malt Scotch whisky. It was founded in 1832 and is one of three distilleries left in Campbeltown, the smallest whisky region.

Single malt Scotch
Single malt Scotch refers to single malt whisky made in Scotland. To qualify for this category, a whisky must have been distilled at a single distillery using a pot still distillation process and made from a mash of malted barley. Therefore, a single malt means that the whisky has not been blended elsewhere with whisky from other distilleries. As with any Scotch whisky, a single malt Scotch must be distilled in Scotland and matured in oak casks in Scotland for at least three years, although most single malts are matured longer.
Bias
Bias is a disproportionate weight in favor of or against an idea or thing, usually in a way that is inaccurate, closed-minded, prejudicial, or unfair. Biases can be innate or learned. People may develop biases for or against an individual, a group, or a belief. In science and engineering, a bias is a systematic error. Statistical bias results from an unfair sampling of a population, or from an estimation process that does not give accurate results on average.

Regulatory agency
A regulatory agency (regulatory body, regulator) or independent agency (independent regulatory agency) is a government authority that is responsible for exercising autonomous jurisdiction over some area of human activity in a licensing and regulating capacity. Examples of responsibilities include strengthening safety and standards, and/or to protect consumers in markets where there is a lack of effective competition. Examples of regulatory agencies that enforce standards include the Food and Drug Administration in the United States and the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency in the United Kingdom; and, in the case of economic regulation, the Office of Gas and Electricity Markets and the Telecom Regulatory Authority in India.
Conscientious objector
A conscientious objector is an "individual who has claimed the right to refuse to perform military service" on the grounds of freedom of conscience or religion. The term has also been extended to objecting to working for the military–industrial complex due to a crisis of conscience. In some countries, conscientious objectors are assigned to an alternative civilian service as a substitute for conscription or military service.

A number of organizations around the world celebrate the principle on May 15 as International Conscientious Objection Day.

On March 8, 1995, the United Nations Commission on Human Rights resolution 1995/83 stated that "persons performing military service should not be excluded from the right to have conscientious objections to military service". This was re-affirmed on April 22, 1998, when resolution 1998/77 recognized that "persons [already] performing military service may develop conscientious objections".

Militia (Great Britain)
The British Militia was the principal military reserve force of the Kingdom of Great Britain. Militia units were repeatedly raised in Great Britain during the Georgian era for internal security duties and to defend against external invasions. The Militia Act 1757 (30 Geo. 2. c. 25), passed by the Parliament of Great Britain after the outbreak of the Seven Years' War, led to the rapid expansion of the British Militia in order to defend from potential French invasions. In the Kingdom of Ireland, a client state of Great Britain, the equivalent force was the Irish Militia, which saw heavy service in the Irish Rebellion of 1798 alongside British militia units. The existence of militia units in Great Britain and Ireland played an important role in freeing regular troops from the British and Irish establishments for overseas service.
Killitorous
Killitorous is a Canadian technical death metal band based in Ottawa, Ontario.  The band is known for its unorthodox blend of technical death metal, grindcore and hardcore as well as using comedy and pop culture references rather than stereotypical death metal themes.

Formed in 2006 the band has seen multiple line up changes leaving founding guitarist Aaron Homma as the only original member, although Eric Morotti and Nick Miller from the debut 2014 full length Party, Grind still remain in the band.

Cryptopsy
Cryptopsy is a Canadian death metal band from Montreal, formed in 1988, initially consisting of drummer Mike Atkin, guitarist Steve Thibault, and vocalist Dan "Lord Worm' Greening. The band are regarded as one of the most significant acts in Technical Death Metal and Brutal Death Metal, with their second album None So Vile today regarded as an influential cult classic in the death metal underground.

The band initially formed under the name Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, releasing numerous demos before eventually renaming to Cryptospy and releasing their debut album, Blasphemy Made Flesh, followed by their second album, None So Vile. The band continue to record and release music, so far having released nine albums, two EPs, and a live album.
Dipak Banerjee
Dipak Banerjee (1930–2007) was an Indian economist. He obtained his Bachelor and, later on, his Doctorate from the London School of Economics and taught at Presidency College, Calcutta, where he eventually became head of the economics department. Among his students at Presidency was noted Indian economist Debraj Ray. His wife Nirmala Patankar is also an economist, as is his son, the Nobel Prize winner Abhijit Banerjee.

Debraj Ray (economist)
Debraj Ray (born 3 September 1957) is an Indian-American economist, who is currently teaching and working at New York University. His research interests focus on development economics and game theory. Ray served as Co-editor of the American Economic Review between 2012 and 2020.

Ray is Julius Silver Professor in the Faculty of Arts and Science, New York University, since 2003, and Professor of Economics at New York University since 1999. He is also a Part-Time Professor at the University of Warwick. He is a Research Affiliate at the National Bureau of Economic Research, a council member of the Game Theory Society, and a board member of Theoretical Research in Development Economics (ThReD). He served as a board member at the Bureau for Research in the Economic Analysis of Development (BREAD), since its inception till 2023.
Elizabeth Laverick
Elizabeth Laverick OBE FIEE FInstP (25 November 1925 – 12 January 2010) was a British engineer who became technical director of Elliott Automation Radar Systems. Laverick was the first female deputy secretary of the Institution of Electrical Engineers (now the Institution of Engineering and Technology) and president of the Women's Engineering Society. She was the first woman to receive a PhD in a scientific curriculum at Durham University, and was appointed an OBE in 1993.

Fellow of the Institute of Physics
Fellowship of the Institute of Physics (FInstP) is "the highest level of membership attainable" by physicists who are members of the Institute of Physics (IOP), "for those with a degree in physics or related subject (or equivalent knowledge gained in the workplace) and who have made a significant impact on their sector"; it is for "distinguished physicists in recognition of their accomplishments".

Honorary Fellowship (HonFInstP) is for "exceptional individuals" who can be nominated in recognition of having "contributed to physics generally or to the work of the IOP", working in fields including business, education, research, and policy relating to physics. The Institute's bye-laws limit the number of fellows in this category to being not more than 100 living Honorary Fellows at any one time.
Lycoteuthis
Lycoteuthis is a genus containing two species of squid:  Lycoteuthis springeri and Lycoteuthis lorigera. They are small animals which grow up to 8 cm (3.1 in) in length.

These squid live in the deep sea at depths of up to 3000 metres, making horizontal migrations within their range along the steep shelves.

Lycoteuthis are particularly characterised by their photophores, shining organs which give them their German name "Miracle Lamps". The photophores are located in various parts of the body, with males having them on their mantle and head. The light of these photophores results from bioluminescence. The photophores serve as camouflage, since the body appears almost transparent by the light effects and normally visible structures, such as the eyes, lose their sharp outline.

Lycoteuthis springeri
Lycoteuthis springeri is a small species of rarely captured squid from the family Lycoteuthidae. It has three  photophores on the posterior portion of the abdomen and the males have a long tail which bears seven deeply embedded long and thin photophores. The males also have photophores on arms II and III, as well as on the head and the mantle. The tentacular clubs and the structure of the suckers on the club and arm are not distinctive. Two of the known specimens were males which had mantle lengths of 80mm and 97mm. The type locality was in the Gulf of Mexico and the holotype was found in the stomach of a shark which was captured at 367m.
Etherington's reciprocity theorem
The Etherington distance-duality equation is the relationship between the luminosity distance of standard candles and the angular diameter distance. The equation is as follows: , where  is the redshift,  is the luminosity distance and  the angular-diameter distance.

Angular diameter distance
In astronomy, angular diameter distance is a distance (in units of length) defined in terms of an object's physical size (also in units of length), , and its angular size (necessarily in radians), , as viewed from Earth:
Gmina Zalewo
Gmina Zalewo is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Iława County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the town of Zalewo, which lies approximately 28 kilometres (17 mi) north of Iława and 59 km (37 mi) west of the regional capital Olsztyn.

The gmina covers an area of 254.34 square kilometres (98.2 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 6,986 (out of which the population of Zalewo amounts to 2,152, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 4,834).

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Iława Lake District Landscape Park.

Zalewo
Zalewo (Polish pronunciation: [zaˈlɛvɔ] ⓘ; German: Saalfeld) is a town in Iława County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, Poland, with 2,977 inhabitants (2008). It is situated on the northern shore of Lake Ewingi.
Ashur-nadin-apli
Aššūr-nādin-apli, inscribed maš-šur-SUM-DUMU.UŠ, was a king of Assyria, reigning in 1206 BC–1203 BC or 1196 BC–1193 BC (short chronology). The alternate dating is due to uncertainty over the length of reign of a later monarch, Ninurta-apal-Ekur, where conflicting king lists differ by ten years. His name meant "Aššur is the giver of an heir" in the Akkadian language. He was a son of Tukulti-Ninurta I.

Ninurta-apal-Ekur
Ninurta-apal-Ekur, inscribed mdMAŠ-A-é-kur, meaning "Ninurta is the heir of the Ekur," was a king of Assyria in the early 12th century BC who usurped the throne and styled himself king of the universe and priest of the gods Enlil and Ninurta. His reign overlaps the reigns of his Babylonian contemporaries Adad-šuma-uṣur and Meli-Šipak.
Book of Horizons
Book of Horizons is the fourth studio album by Secret Chiefs 3, released May 25, 2004. Book of Horizons was the first Secret Chiefs 3 album to reveal the satellite bands that form the actual band under their own names. Out of the seven bands only one, NT Fan, was not heard on the album at all. The other six are The Electromagnetic Azoth, UR, Ishraqiyun, Traditionalists, Holy Vehm and FORMS. Since the release of Book of Horizons the satellite bands have seen several releases of their own.

Estradasphere
Estradasphere was an American experimental rock band that originated in Santa Cruz, California, during the late 1990s. The band, which in its last incarnation was based in Seattle, consisted of six multi-instrumentalists from a variety of musical backgrounds trained in disciplines ranging from classical music and jazz to heavy metal.

In November 2007, members of Estradasphere started touring with Amanda Palmer of The Dresden Dolls, as well as helping to produce her debut solo album Who Killed Amanda Palmer.

The band is on a "permanent hiatus" since 2010.
Lefter Talo, Finiq
Lefter Talo (Greek: Λευτέρη Τάλλιος) is a village in the former commune of Livadhe, Vlorë County, southern Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality of Finiq.

Finiq
Finiq (Albanian: Finiq, Albanian definite form: Finiqi, Greek: Φοινίκη, romanized: Foiniki) is a settlement, considered a town or village, and municipality in Vlorë County, in southern Albania located 8 km from the Ionian Sea and 20 km north of the Greek border. It was formed at the 2015 local government reform by the merger of the former communes Aliko, Dhivër, Livadhja, Mesopotam, and Finiq itself. It is inhabited by ethnic Greeks and is one of two municipalities in Albania in which Greeks form a majority, alongside Dropull. The seat of the municipality is the village Dërmish. The total population is 10,529 (2011 census), in a total area of 444.28 km2.

The population of the former municipality at the 2011 census was 1,333; according to the civil offices, which count all citizens including those who live abroad, was 6,780 (2011 estimate).
Alternaria leaf spot
Alternaria leaf spot or Alternaria leaf blight are a group of fungal diseases in plants, that have a variety of hosts. The diseases infects common garden plants, such as cabbage, and are caused by several closely related species of fungi. Some of these fungal species target specific plants, while others have been known to target plant families. One commercially relevant plant genus that can be affected by Alternaria Leaf Spot is Brassica, as the cosmetic issues caused by symptomatic lesions can lead to rejection of crops by distributors and buyers. When certain crops such as cauliflower and broccoli are infected, the heads deteriorate and there is a complete loss of marketability. Secondary soft-rotting organisms can infect stored cabbage that has been affected by Alternaria Leaf Spot by entering through symptomatic lesions. Alternaria Leaf Spot diseases that affect Brassica species are caused by the pathogens Alternaria brassicae and Alternaria brassicicola.

Alternaria brassicicola
Alternaria brassicicola is a fungal necrotrophic plant pathogen that causes black spot disease on a wide range of hosts, particularly in the genus of Brassica, including a number of economically important crops such as cabbage, Chinese cabbage, cauliflower, oilseeds, broccoli and canola. Although mainly known as a significant plant pathogen, it also contributes to various respiratory allergic conditions such as asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis. Despite the presence of mating genes, no sexual reproductive stage has been reported for this fungus. In terms of geography, it is most likely to be found in tropical and sub-tropical regions, but also in places with high rain and humidity such as Poland. It has also been found in Taiwan and Israel. Its main mode of propagation is vegetative. The resulting conidia reside in the soil, air and water. These spores are extremely resilient and can overwinter on crop debris and overwintering herbaceous plants.
Jethpur
Jethpur is a village in Jalandhar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 25 kilometres (16 mi) from district headquarter Jalandhar and 144 kilometres (89 mi) from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by a sarpanch who is an elected representative of village as per Panchayati raj (India).

The villages of Chak Jethpur, Mussapur, Lutera Khurd, Lutera Kalan, Kotli Jamiat Singh are located nearby.

Lutera Khurd
Lutera Khurd is a village in Jalandhar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 28 kilometres (17 mi) from district headquarter Jalandhar and 142 kilometres (88 mi) from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by a sarpanch who is an elected representative of village as per Panchayati raj (India).