hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alfonso de Palencia
Alfonso Fernández de Palencia (July 21, 1423–1492) was a Castilian royal secretary, historian, and humanist scholar. He first served Enrique IV of Castile and later played an active role in the political intrigue that ultimately brought Fernando II to Castile and put Isabel I on the throne. His chronicles, the Décadas, are an important historical source for this period.

Kingdom of Castile
The Kingdom of Castile (/kæˈstiːl/; Spanish: Reino de Castilla: Latin: Regnum Castellae) was a polity in the Iberian Peninsula during the Middle Ages. It traces its origins to the 9th-century County of Castile (Spanish: Condado de Castilla, Latin: Comitatus Castellae), as an eastern frontier lordship of the Kingdom of León. During the 10th century, the Castilian counts increased their autonomy, but it was not until 1065 that it was separated from the Kingdom of León and became a kingdom in its own right. Between 1072 and 1157, it was again united with León, and after 1230, the union became permanent.

Throughout that period, the Castilian kings made extensive conquests in southern Iberia at the expense of the Islamic principalities. The Kingdoms of Castile and of León, with their southern acquisitions, came to be known collectively as the Crown of Castile, a term that also came to encompass overseas expansion.
Thomas Wing (politician)
Thomas Edward Wing MP (12 August 1853 – 12 May 1935) was a Liberal Party politician in the United Kingdom.

He was elected at the January 1910 general election as member of parliament (MP) for Grimsby, but lost that seat at the general election in December 1910.

He was returned to Parliament as MP for Houghton-le-Spring in County Durham at a by-election in 1913 following the death of the Liberal MP Robert Cameron.  He was defeated again at the 1918 general election, this time by the Labour candidate Robert Richardson.

After his defeat, he unsuccessfully contested the Dartford by-election in 1920.  He also stood in Spennymoor at the 1922 election, Grimsby for the 1924 general election and in Houghton-le-Spring for the 1929 election but never returned to the House of Commons.

Spennymoor (UK Parliament constituency)
Spennymoor was a county constituency centred on the town of Spennymoor in County Durham.  It returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, elected by the first past the post system from 1918 to 1950.
Edokko-1
Edokko-1 (江戸っ子1号 Edokko Ichigo) is a Japanese small-sized unmanned submersible developed by Edokko-1 Project Committee in 2013. On November 22, 2013, the submersible dove to a depth of 7,800 meters in the Japan Trench and captured images of deep-sea fish using a 3D full hi-vision video camera. The Edokko-1 Project Committee consists of five small- and medium-sized firms based in Tokyo and Chiba prefectures. The submersible was developed jointly by the committee and a consortium of support organizations (including universities, research labs, private firms and volunteers).

Japan Trench
The Japan Trench is an oceanic trench part of the Pacific Ring of Fire off northeast Japan. It extends from the Kuril Islands to the northern end of the Izu Islands, and is 8,046 metres (26,398 ft) at its deepest. It links the Kuril–Kamchatka Trench to the north and the Izu–Ogasawara Trench to its south with a length of 800 kilometres (497 mi). This trench is created as the oceanic Pacific plate subducts beneath the continental Okhotsk microplate (a microplate formerly a part of the North American plate). The subduction process causes bending of the down going plate, creating a deep trench. Continuing movement on the subduction zone associated with the Japan Trench is one of the main causes of tsunamis and earthquakes in northern Japan, including the megathrust Tōhoku earthquake and resulting tsunami that occurred on 11 March 2011. The rate of subduction associated with the Japan Trench has been recorded at about 7.9–9.2 centimetres (3.1–3.6 in)/yr.
Miss Missouri
The Miss Missouri competition is the pageant that selects the representative for the U.S. state of Missouri in the Miss America pageant.

Courtney Rowe of Kansas City was crowned Miss Missouri 2025 on June 14, 2025, at Missouri Military Academy in Mexico, Missouri. She competed for the title of Miss America 2026.

Miss America 2026
Miss America 2026 was the 98th Miss America pageant, held inside the Walt Disney Theater, located at the Dr. Phillips Center for the Performing Arts in Orlando, Florida, alongside the Miss America's Teen 2026 competition on September 6 and 7, 2025, respectively. This was the first time since 2018 that it returned to its traditional September schedule.

Abbie Stockard of Alabama crowned Cassie Donegan of New York as her successor at the end of the event.
2021–22 Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. season
The 2021–22 season was the 144th in the history of Wolverhampton Wanderers and the 4th consecutive in the Premier League. The club also competed in the FA Cup and the EFL Cup.

This was the first season under former Benfica manager Bruno Lage, who was appointed on 9 June 2021 following the departure of Nuno Espírito Santo by mutual consent at the end of the previous season.

Penalty card
Penalty cards are used in many sports as a means of warning, reprimanding or penalising a player, coach or team official. Penalty cards are most commonly used by referees or umpires to indicate that a player has committed an offence. The official will hold the card above their head while looking or pointing toward the player who has committed the offence. This action makes the decision clear to all players, as well as spectators and other officials in a manner that is language-neutral. The colour or shape of the card used by the official indicates the type or seriousness of the offence and the level of punishment that is to be applied. Yellow and red cards are the most common, typically indicating, respectively, cautions and dismissals.
Rhys Murphy
Rhys Philip Elliot Murphy (born 6 November 1990) is a professional footballer who plays as a striker for National League South club Horsham.

He has played in the English Football League for Brentford, Preston North End, Dagenham & Redbridge, Oldham Athletic, Crawley Town, AFC Wimbledon, Forest Green Rovers and Gillingham.

Murphy represented his native England at under-16, under-17 and under-19 international levels, but switched allegiance to the Republic of Ireland in 2011 and played for their under-21 team.

Chelmsford City F.C.
Chelmsford City Football Club is a professional football club based in Chelmsford, Essex, England. Currently members of the National League South, the sixth tier of English football, they play at the Melbourne Stadium.
Rabirius (Epicurean)
Rabirius was a 1st-century BC Epicurean associated with Amafinius and Catius as one of the early popularizers of the philosophy in Italy. Their works on Epicureanism were the earliest philosophical treatises written in Latin. Other than Lucretius, Amafinius and Rabirius are the only Roman Epicurean writers named by Cicero.

In his Academica, Cicero criticizes Amafinius and Rabirius from an elitist perspective for their unsophisticated prose style, and says that in their efforts to introduce philosophy to common people they end up saying nothing. He concludes indignantly: "they think there is no art of speechmaking or composition." Although Cicero in his writings is mostly hostile toward Epicureanism, his dear friend Atticus was an Epicurean, and this remark, occurring within a dialogue, is attributed to the interlocutor Varro, not framed as Cicero's own view.

Dialogue
Dialogue (sometimes spelled dialog in American English) is an interactive communication between two or more people, and a literary and theatrical form that depicts such an exchange. As a philosophical or didactic device, it is chiefly associated in the West with the Socratic dialogue as developed by Plato, but antecedents are also found in other traditions including Indian literature.
Digendra Kumar
Digendra Kumar Paraswal MVC, SM (born 3 July 1969) is a former soldier of the 2nd battalion of the Rajputana Rifles regiment of the Indian army. He was awarded the Mahavir Chakra on 15 August 1999, for his acts of bravery in the Kargil War. He retired from the army on 31 July 2005.

Operation Pawan
Operation Pawan (Sanskrit: कार्यवाही पवन Kãryvãhi Pavan, lit. "Operation Wind") was the code name assigned to the operation by the Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF) to take control of Jaffna from the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), better known as the Tamil Tigers, in late 1987 to enforce the disarmament of the LTTE as a part of the Indo-Sri Lanka Accord. In brutal fighting lasting about three weeks, the IPKF took control of the Jaffna Peninsula from the LTTE, something that the Sri Lankan Army had tried but failed to do. Supported by Indian Army tanks, helicopter gunships and heavy artillery, the IPKF routed the LTTE at the cost of 214 soldiers and officers.
Taberville Prairie Conservation Area
The Taberville Prairie Conservation Area is a 1,680-acre (685-hectare) unit, including a 1,360-acre tallgrass prairie which is a natural area located in St. Clair County in the U.S. state of Missouri.  The conservation area is characterized by rolling tallgrass prairie, with outcrops of sandstone.  The Taberville Prairie, located within the conservation area, is a National Natural Landmark.

The Taberville Prairie Conservation Area is maintained under the jurisdiction of the Missouri Department of Conservation (MDOC).  MDOC maintains the property parcels that make up the conservation area for outdoor enjoyments, hiking, shotgun hunting, and deer hunting. The Conservation Area was created by law in 1975, by which time less than one percent of the original prairie land of Missouri remained to be preserved.   Endangered species, including species that are critically endangered in Missouri, associated with Taberville Prairie include the greater prairie chicken.

St. Clair County, Missouri
St. Clair County is a county located in the western portion of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the population was 9,284. Its county seat is Osceola.   The largest city is Appleton City. The county was organized in 1841 and named after General Arthur St. Clair, Governor of the Northwest Territory. St. Clair was also the 9th president of the United States in Congress Assembled. Under his presidency, the Northwest Ordinance and United States Constitution were passed.

According to the April 1907 issue of The Century Magazine, for well over 30 years (dating from 1870) St. Clair County was in open rebellion against the U.S. Government, refusing to pay interest on bonds issued to assist in the building of a railroad that was never built.
Hussein Abdel-Latif
Hussein Abdel-Latif (Arabic: حسين عبد اللطيف) is a former Egyptian professional footballer and football manager. He played for Zamalek SC. As of 2014, he was technical director of the Qatari Al-Khor SC youth team. As of 2025, he is the coach of the Egypt national under-16 football team.

Egypt national under-17 football team
The Egypt national under-17 football team (Arabic: منتخب مصر الوطني تحت 17 سنة), nicknamed The Pharaohs (Arabic: الفراعنة), is the national team of Egypt, and is administered by the Egyptian Football Association.
Ziemer
Ziemer is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Arthur C. Ziemer (1848–1913), American Christian Science healer

Andrew Ziemer (born 1967), American soccer player

Ernst Ziemer (1911–1986), German soldier

Gregor Ziemer (1899–1982), American educator

James L. Ziemer (born 1951), American businessman

Marcel Ziemer (born 1985), German footballer

R. Timothy Ziemer, American expert in disaster response and health threats

Arthur C. Ziemer House
The Arthur C. Ziemer House is a historic house in Lincoln, Nebraska. It was built in 1909-1910 for Arthur Z C. Ziemer, a railroad ticket agent, interior designer, and Christian Science healer. Ziemer first arrived in Lincoln in 1870, and he died in 1913. The house was it was designed in the Shingle style. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since November 23, 1977.
Barn Church (Troy, Michigan)
The Barn Church was built by William Lakie in Troy in Oakland County, Michigan in 1912 and was converted to a church when it stopped being used for its original function as a dairy barn. It is now a Michigan State Historic Site.

Prior to its purchase by the Presbyterian Church in 1928, electric interurban cars would stop at the barn to pick up milk to take to market.  The Presbyterians made some modifications to the barn to convert it for use as a house of worship.  This included removing the silo, adding a steeple and a new entrance, and transforming the hay loft into the chancel.

In 1970 the church was sold by the Presbyterians to a growing Unitarian Universalist congregation from the nearby community of Clawson.  Emerson Church Unitarian Universalist called the "Barn Church" home until  2015 when they, and the neighboring Paint Creek Unitarian Universalist church of Rochester, decided to merge to form Beacon Unitarian Universalist Congregation.

Rochester, Michigan
Rochester is a city in Oakland County in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, Rochester had a population of 13,035. It is a northern suburb in Metro Detroit located 20 miles north of the city of Detroit.

Rochester was the first European settlement in Oakland County when it was founded in 1818. It became part of the Avon Township in 1835 and incorporated as an autonomous city in 1967. It is mostly surrounded by the city of Rochester Hills and also borders Shelby Township to the east.
M. A. Ramlu
Madisetti Anant Ramlu (12 February 1927 – 6 March 2023) was an Indian academic who was the founder and first Head of the Department of Mining Engineering at the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) in Kharagpur, from 1958 until 1987, when he retired as the Deputy Director & Acting Director of IIT. He was an expert in the area of mines safety, machinery, and open-cast mining. He received his BS in Mining & Metallurgy from the Banaras Hindu University (BHU) and his PhD in Mining Engineering from Germany (Bergakadamie Clausthal).

M. A. Ramlu was married to Saroja, and had two sons – Dr. Vijay K. Madisetti of Georgia Institute of Technology and Dr. Avanindra Madisetti of Mobius Semiconductors in Irvine, California.

Ramlu was awarded the 2009 S. K. Bose Memorial Teaching Excellence Award by the Mining, Geological, and Metallurgical Institute (MGMI) of India.

Ramlu died on 6 March 2023 at the age of 96.

Kharagpur
Kharagpur (Bengali: [kʰɔɽɔɡɔpuɾ] ⓘ) is a semi-planned urban agglomeration and a major industrial city in the Paschim Medinipur district of West Bengal, India. It is the headquarters of the Kharagpur subdivision and the largest city of the district. It is located 120 km west of Kolkata. Kharagpur holds the oldest and biggest Indian Institute of Technology namely IIT Kharagpur. It has one of the largest railway workshops in India. Kharagpur Junction contains the fourth longest railway platform in the world (1072.5 m) and is the headquarter of the Kharagpur Division of the South Eastern Railways.
Wildlife forensic science
Wildlife forensic science is forensic science applied to legal issues involving wildlife.  Wildlife forensic sciences also deal with conservation and identification of rare species and is a useful tool for non-invasive studies. Methods can be used to determine relatedness of the animals in the area allowing them to determine rare and endangered species that are candidates for genetic rescue. Techniques using things such as the SSCP or Single-Strand Conformational Polymorphism gel electrophoresis technique, microscopy, DNA barcoding, Mitochondrial Microsatellite Analysis and some DNA and Isotope analysis can identify species and individual animals in most cases if they have already been captured . Unlike human identification, animal identification requires determination of its family, genus, and species, and sex in order to individualize the animal, typically through the use of DNA based analyses.

Genetic rescue
Genetic rescue is seen as a mitigation strategy designed to restore genetic diversity and reduce extinction risks in small, isolated and frequently inbred populations. It is largely implemented through translocation, a type of demographic rescue and technical migration that adds individuals to a population to prevent its potential extinction. This demographic rescue may be similar to genetic rescue, as each increase population size and/or fitness. This overlap in meaning has led some researchers to consider a more detailed definition for each type of rescue that details 'assessment and documentation of pre- and post-translocation genetic ancestry'. Not every example of genetic rescue is clearly successful and the current definition of genetic rescue does not mandate that the process result in a 'successful' outcome. Despite an ambiguous definition, genetic rescue is viewed positively, with many perceived successes.
Harvard Depository
The Harvard Depository, in Southborough, Massachusetts, is Harvard University's large-scale storage facility for books, documents, and special media (such as film and video). Opened in 1986 and expanded several times, it holds some 45% of the 16 million items held by Harvard's libraries, as well as non-library material such as archival records.

The Massachusetts Institute of Technology also uses the facility.

Southborough, Massachusetts
Southborough is a town in Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States. It incorporates the villages of Cordaville, Fayville, and Southville. Its name is often informally shortened to Southboro, a usage seen on many area signs and maps. At the 2020 census, its population was 10,450 in 3,542 households.

As of 2021, 43% of land use was residential, with 35% open space, including one-tenth of the town's area that is flooded by the Sudbury Reservoir. Light industrial land use is concentrated along main roads, primarily Massachusetts Route 9, and there are several small business districts in the villages and along Route 9.
Bobby Wilson (basketball, born 1951)
Robert E. Wilson (born January 15, 1951) is an American former professional basketball player. He played four seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA) with the Chicago Bulls, Boston Celtics and Indiana Pacers.

Born in Indianapolis, Indiana, Wilson attended Wichita State University and Pasadena Community College and was selected by the Chicago Bulls with the 16th pick of the 3rd round in the 1974 NBA draft. He was also drafted by the Memphis Tams in the 1974 ABA Draft.

Wilson played for the Hawaii / Billings Volcanos in the Continental Basketball Association (CBA) from 1979 to 1981. He was selected as the CBA Newcomer of the Year and named to the All-CBA Second Team in 1980. Wilson also served as head coach for a combined 37 games across the two seasons and accumulated a 16–21 record.

Memphis Sounds
The Memphis Sounds were an American professional sports franchise that played in Memphis, Tennessee from 1970 until 1975 as a member of the American Basketball Association (ABA). The team was first founded as the New Orleans Buccaneers in 1967.

Known during their time in Memphis as the Memphis Pros, Memphis Tams, and finally, Sounds, they played their home games at the Mid-South Coliseum.
Haidamatske, Kirovohrad Oblast
Haidamatske (Ukrainian: Гайдамацьке; Russian: Гайдамацкое) is a rural settlement in Kropyvnytskyi Raion of Kirovohrad Oblast in Ukraine. It is located on the right bank of the Inhulets, a right tributary of the Dnieper. Haidamatske belongs to Oleksandrivka settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 1,112 (2022 estimate).

Kirovohrad Oblast
Kirovohrad Oblast (Ukrainian: Кіровоградська область, romanized: Kirovohradska oblast), also known as Kirovohradshchyna (Ukrainian: Кіровоградщина), is an oblast (province) in central Ukraine. The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Kropyvnytskyi. The oblast's population is 903,712 (2022 estimate). It is Ukraine's second least populated oblast, ahead of Chernivtsi.

In 2019, the Constitutional Court of Ukraine approved the change of the oblast's name to Kropyvnytskyi Oblast (Ukrainian: Кропивницька область, romanized: Kropyvnytska oblast, unofficially Kropyvnychchyna (Ukrainian: Кропивниччина)). The change is not yet implemented. The largest cities of the region are Kropyvnytskyi, Oleksandriia, Znamianka and Svitlovodsk.
Pù Luông Nature Reserve
Pù Luông Nature Reserve is a nature reserve in northern Vietnam. This nature reserve is situated in Quan Hóa and Bá Thước districts of Thanh Hóa Province, North Central Coast region of Vietnam. Pu Luong Nature Reserve is bordered by Mai Châu, Tân Lạc and Lạc Sơn districts of Hòa Bình Province. The reserve is located along two parallel mountain ridges, that run from north-west to south-east, and are divided by a central valley, which contains several human settlements and a large agricultural land area, therefore, is not included within the nature reserve.

Pù Luông is endowed with great biodiversity in its flora and fauna.

Thanh Hóa province
Thanh Hóa is the northernmost coastal province in the North Central Coast region of Vietnam. It borders Sơn La, Hòa Bình, and Ninh Bình to the north, Nghệ An to the south, Laos to the west with a boundary of over 192 kilometres (119 mi) long, and the South China Sea (Gulf of Tonkin) to the east.
Qin Ling Mountains deciduous forests
The Qin Ling Mountains deciduous forests ecoregion (WWF ID: PA0434) covers the Qin Mountains, which run west-to-east across central China.   The mountains effectively divide the biological regions of China into north and south.   To the north is the Yellow River basin, a loess-soil region of temperate deciduous forests.  To the south is the Yangtze River basic, a subtropical forest region.  In between, the Qin Mountains support many rare and endemic species, including the Giant panda and the Sichuan snub-nosed monkey.

Loess
Loess (US: /ˈlɛs, ˈlʌs, ˈloʊ.əs/, UK: /ˈloʊ.əs, ˈlɜːs/; from German: Löss [lœs]) is a clastic, predominantly silt-sized sediment that is formed by the accumulation of wind-blown dust. Ten percent of Earth's land area is covered by loesses or similar deposits.

Loess is a periglacial or aeolian (windborne) sediment, defined as an accumulation of 20% or less of clay with a balance of roughly equal parts sand and silt (with a typical grain size from 20 to 50 micrometers), often loosely cemented by calcium carbonate. Usually, they are homogeneous and highly porous and have vertical capillaries that permit the sediment to fracture and form vertical bluffs.
William of Ramsey
William of Ramsey (fl. 1219) was a 13th-century English Benedictine monk of Croyland Abbey (sometimes written Crowland), born at Ramsey, Huntingdonshire.

He wrote lives of saints and others in Latin verse, and probably therefore derived his materials from prose then in existence. He can be dated by the content and dedications of his works.

In his life of Earl Waltheof (printed in Francisque Michel's Chroniques Anglo-Normandes) events are brought down to 1219. His Life of St Guthlac is dedicated to Abbot Longchamp, of Croyland, abbot from 1191 to 1236 and that of Birinus is dedicated to Peter de Rupibus, Bishop of Winchester, 1205–1238.

He has sometimes been incorrectly identified with William of Crowland, Abbot of Ramsey and later of Cluny, who died in 1179.

Birinus
Birinus (also Berin, Birin; c. 600 – 3 December 649 or 650) was the first Bishop of Dorchester and was known as the "Apostle to the West Saxons" for his conversion of the Kingdom of Wessex to Christianity. He is venerated as a saint by the Roman Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church, and Anglican churches.