hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Peace of Prague (1635)
The Peace of Prague, dated 30 May 1635 Old Style, was a significant turning point in the Thirty Years' War. Signed by John George I, Elector of Saxony, and Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor, the terms ended Saxony's support for the anti-Imperial coalition led by Sweden.

Other states within the Holy Roman Empire subsequently joined the treaty, and their exit was a key factor in Catholic France entering the war as an ally of Protestant Sweden. Although fighting continued until 1648, it is generally agreed Prague ended the war as primarily one of religion.

Bohemian Revolt
The Bohemian Revolt (German: Böhmischer Aufstand; Czech: České stavovské povstání; 1618–1620) was an uprising of the Bohemian estates against the rule of the Habsburg dynasty that began the Thirty Years' War. It was caused by both religious and power disputes. The estates were almost entirely Protestant, mostly Utraquist Hussite but there was also a substantial German population that endorsed Lutheranism. The dispute culminated after several battles in the final Battle of White Mountain, where the estates suffered a decisive defeat. This started re-Catholisation of the Czech lands, but also expanded the scope of the Thirty Years' War by drawing Denmark and Sweden into it. The conflict spread to the rest of Europe and devastated vast areas of Central Europe, including the Czech lands, which were particularly stricken by its violent atrocities.
Buenos Aires Midland Railway
The Buenos Aires Midland Railway (BAM) was a British-owned railway company which operated in Argentina, where it was known as Ferrocarril Midland de Buenos Aires. The company built and operated the 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) gauge (metre gauge) line between Puente Alsina and Carhué in Buenos Aires Province.

After the railway nationalisation in Argentina in 1948, the BAM became part of Belgrano Sur Line, the company closing as a result. Today services on the line are operated by the state-owned company Trenes Argentinos, the concessionary of Puente Alsina-Marinos del Crucero General Belgrano branch.

Sentinel Waggon Works
Sentinel Waggon Works Ltd was a British company based in Shrewsbury, Shropshire that made steam-powered lorries (steam wagons), railway locomotives, and later, diesel engined lorries, buses and locomotives.
Spirotryprostatin B
Spirotryprostatin B is an indolic alkaloid found in the Aspergillus fumigatus fungus that belongs to a class of naturally occurring 2,5-diketopiperazines.  Spirotryprostatin B and several other indolic alkaloids (including Spirotryprostatin A, as well as other tryprostatins and cyclotryprostatins) have been found to have anti-mitotic properties, and as such they have become of great interest as anti-cancer drugs.  Because of this, the total syntheses of these compounds is a major pursuit of organic chemists, and a number of different syntheses have been published in the chemical literature.

Oxindole
Oxindole (2-indolone) is an aromatic heterocyclic organic compound with the formula C6H4CH2C(O)NH. It has a bicyclic structure, consisting of a six-membered benzene ring fused to a five-membered nitrogen-containing ring. Oxindole is a modified indoline with a substituted carbonyl at the second position of the 5-member indoline ring.  Classified as a cyclic amide, it is a pale yellow solid.
Counter-revolutionary
A counter-revolutionary or an anti-revolutionary is anyone who opposes or resists a revolution, particularly one who acts after a revolution has occurred, in order to try to overturn it or reverse its course, in full or in part. The adjective "counter-revolutionary" pertains to movements that would restore the state of affairs or the principles that prevailed during a pre-revolutionary era.

Revolutionary
A revolutionary is a person who either participates in, or advocates for, a revolution. The term revolutionary can also be used as an adjective to describe something producing a major and sudden impact on society.
Oslo Opera Ball
The annual Operaball is a masquerade with live performances held in Oslo, Norway, by the Tårnseilerne association (Swift) since 1988. The Operaball merged with Oslo Opera Festival in 2004 for a week of concerts and performances with Opera and classical music.

Akershus Fortress
Akershus Fortress (Norwegian: Akershus Festning, pronounced [ɑkəʂˈhʉːs ˈfɛ̂sːtnɪŋ]) or Akershus Castle (Norwegian: Akershus slott [ɑkəʂˈhʉːs ˈslɔtː]) is a medieval castle in the Norwegian capital Oslo that was built to protect and provide a royal residence for the city. It is located on the banks of the Oslofjord. Since the Middle Ages the fortress has been the namesake and centre of the main fief and later main county of Akershus, which was originally one of Norway's four main regions and which included most of Eastern Norway. The fortress itself was located within the Akershus main county until 1919, and also within the smaller Akershus sub-county until 1842.

The castle has also been used as a military base, a prison and is currently the temporary office of the prime minister of Norway.
Anō temple ruins
The Anō temple ruins (穴太廃寺跡, Anō Haiji ato) is an archaeological site with the ruins of an Asuka period Buddhist temple located between the Anō and Karasaki neighborhoods of the city of  Ōtsu, Shiga Prefecture, in the Kansai region of Japan. The site was designated as a National Historic Site of Japan in 1997.

Asuka period
The Asuka period (飛鳥時代, Asuka jidai; Japanese pronunciation: [a.sɯ̥.ka ((d)ʑiꜜ.dai)]) was a period in the history of Japan lasting from 538 to 710, although its beginning could be said to overlap with the preceding Kofun period. The Yamato polity evolved greatly during the Asuka period, which is named after the Asuka region, about 25 km (16 mi) south of the modern city of Nara.

The Asuka period is characterized by its significant artistic, social, and political transformations, having their origins in the late Kofun period. The introduction of Buddhism marked a change in Japanese society. The Asuka period is also distinguished by the change in the name of the country from Wa (倭) to Nippon (日本).
Military ranks of Maldives
The Military ranks of the Maldives are the ranks used by the Maldives National Defence Force. The ranks are based on a combination of the traditional British military system and the U.S. military system.

Maldives National Defence Force
Maldives National Defence Force (MNDF; Dhivehi: ދިވެހިރާއްޖޭގެ ޤައުމީ ދިފާއީ ބާރު, romanized: Dhivehi Raajjeyge Qaumee Dhifaaee Baaru) is the national military responsible for defending the security and sovereignty of the Maldives. It is primarily responsible per the constitution to defend and protect the Republic, its territorial integrity, its exclusive economic zone (EEZ) and the people. Its branches include the Maldivian Coast Guard, MNDF Marine Corps, MNDF Air Corps, and MNDF Fire and Rescue Service.
County Route 11 (Nassau County, New York)
County Route 11 (CR 11) is a major, 6.46-mile (10.40 km) county road connecting New Hyde Park and Kings Point, in Nassau County, on Long Island, New York. The unsigned, north–south county route is the primary road serving the Great Neck Peninsula and a major access road for the United States Merchant Marine Academy. CR 11 consists of Lakeville Road and Middle Neck Road.

CR 11, in its entirety, is owned by Nassau County and is maintained by the Nassau County Department of Public Works (NCDPW).

United States Merchant Marine Academy
The United States Merchant Marine Academy (USMMA or Kings Point) is a United States service academy in Kings Point, New York. It trains its midshipmen (as students at the academy are called) to serve as officers in the United States Merchant Marine, branches of the United States Armed Forces, and the transportation industry. Midshipmen are trained in marine engineering, navigation, ship's administration, maritime law, personnel management, international law, customs, and other subjects important to the task of running a large ship.
Aelia Eudocia
Aelia Eudocia Augusta (/ˈiːliə juːˈdoʊʃə ɔːˈɡʌstə/; Ancient Greek: Αἰλία Εὐδοκία Αὐγούστα; c. 400 – 460 AD), also called Saint Eudocia, was an Eastern Roman empress by marriage to Emperor Theodosius II (r. 408–450). Daughter of an Athenian philosopher, she was also a poet, whose works include Homerocentones, or Homeric retellings of Biblical stories. After an estrangement with Theodosius, she permanently settled in Jerusalem, where she supported the local population.

Socrates of Constantinople
Socrates of Constantinople (c. 380 – after 439), also known as Socrates Scholasticus (Ancient Greek: Σωκράτης ὁ Σχολαστικός), was a 5th-century Greek Christian church historian, a contemporary of Sozomen and Theodoret.

He is the author of a Historia Ecclesiastica ("Church History", Ἐκκλησιαστική Ἱστορία) which covers the history of late ancient Christianity during the years 305 to 439.
Manteo High School
Manteo High School is one of ten schools located in Dare County, North Carolina. The high school was named after the Native American chief Manteo, who assisted the Roanoke Colony. Renovations to the school were completed in 2007.

In addition to Manteo it serves Nags Head and other parts of Roanoke Island (including Wanchese) as well as portions of Dare County on the North Carolina mainland (including Manns Harbor and Stumpy Point).

Manteo (Native American leader)
Manteo (c. 1564 – c. 1590) was a Croatan Native American, and was a member of the local tribe that befriended the English explorers who landed at Roanoke Island in 1584. Though multiple stories claim he was a chief, it is understood that his mother was actually the principal leader of the tribe. This leadership would not have automatically passed down to her children as a number of English at the time may have assumed.

In 1585 the English returned to Roanoke, arriving too late in the year to plant crops and harvest food, and Manteo helped the colonists make it through the harsh winter. He traveled to England on two occasions, in 1584 and 1585. After staying there, he was among those who sailed for the New World in 1587 along with Governor John White and his colonists, who founded the failed settlement later known as "The Lost Colony". On Sunday, August 13, 1587, Manteo was christened on Roanoke Island, making him the first Native American to be baptized into the Church of England.
Gmina Opole Lubelskie
Gmina Opole Lubelskie is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Opole County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. Its seat is the town of Opole Lubelskie, which is approximately 44 kilometres (27 mi) west of the regional capital Lublin.

The gmina covers an area of 193.81 square kilometres (74.8 sq mi) and, in 2006, its total population was 17,795 (of which the population of Opole Lubelskie amounted to 8,832 and the population of the rural part of the gmina was 8,963).

Opole County, Lublin Voivodeship
Opole County (Polish: powiat opolski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lublin Voivodeship, eastern Poland. It was established on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the town of Opole Lubelskie, which lies 44 kilometres (27 mi) west of the regional capital Lublin. The only other town in the county is Poniatowa, lying 8 km (5 mi) north-east of Opole Lubelskie.

The county covers an area of 804.14 square kilometres (310.5 sq mi). As of 2019, its total population is 59,511, including 9,144 in Poniatowa, 8,421 in Opole Lubelskie, 915 in Józefów nad Wisłą, and a rural population of 41,031.
2024 Japanese Regional Football Champions League
2024 Japanese Regional Football Champions League (全国地域サッカーチャンピオンズリーグ2024) was the 48th edition of the referred annually contested cup for the best-placed teams of each of their respective Regional Leagues, and of the 2024 Shakaijin Cup. Briobecca Urayasu was the title holder, as winners of the 2023 edition of the tournament. They currently playing in the Japan Football League, they are unable to defend their title.

2024 All Japan Senior Football Championship
The 60th All Japan Senior Football Championship (Japanese: 第60回全国社会人サッカー選手権大会, Hepburn: Dai 60-kai zenkoku shakai hito sakkā senshuken taikai), officially known as the 2024 All Japan Adults Football Tournament, and commonly referred to as the 2024 Shakaijin Cup, was the 60th edition of the annually contested single-elimination tournament (or cup) for the best-ranked amateur clubs in Japan, non-league clubs (participating in Regional or Prefectural Leagues and not included in the nationwide league competitions).

FC Kariya were the defending champions, but were eliminated in the semifinals by Japan Soccer College and finished in fourth place. Japan Soccer College became champions, beating FC Tokushima in the final, earning them their first title in the competition. They also became only the third team from Hokushin'etsu to do so, and the only one from Niigata Prefecture.
2018–19 Saint Peter's Peacocks men's basketball team
The 2018–19 Saint Peter's Peacocks men's basketball team represented Saint Peter's University in the 2018–19 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. They played their home games at Yanitelli Center in Jersey City, New Jersey as members of the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference (MAAC), and were led by first-year head coach Shaheen Holloway. They finished the season 10–22 overall, 6–12 in MAAC play, to finish in a three-way tie for ninth place. As the ninth seed in the 2019 MAAC tournament, they upset No. 8 seed Marist in the first round before falling to No. 1 seed Iona in the quarterfinals.

Shaheen Holloway
Shaheen Holloway (born October 7, 1976) is an American men's basketball coach and former player who is the coach for the Seton Hall Pirates. He played college basketball at Seton Hall from 1996 to 2000. A point guard, Holloway played professionally for seven seasons. He served as the head coach for the Saint Peter's Peacocks from 2018 to 2022, where he led the 15th seed Peacocks to the Elite Eight in the 2022 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament. As head coach of Seton Hall, he led the top-seeded Pirates to the 2024 National Invitation Tournament (NIT) championship.
Minmi
Michiko Evwana (born December 8, 1974), better known by her stage name Minmi (Japanese: ミンミ), is a Japanese hip-hop and reggae musician, as well as a singer-songwriter and record producer. She is the first soca artist from Japan. She was married to Wakadanna (若旦那), a member of Japanese reggae group Shōnan no Kaze, from 2007 until their divorce on June 28, 2016.

She began playing reggae music in Japanese clubs in 1996. Her 2002 debut single, "The Perfect Vision", went on to sell over 500,000 copies.

Victor Entertainment
Victor Entertainment, Inc. (ビクターエンタテインメント株式会社, Bikutā Entateinmento kabushiki-gaisha) is a subsidiary of JVCKenwood that produces and distributes music, movies and other entertainment products such as anime and television shows in Japan. It is known as JVC Entertainment in countries where Sony Music Entertainment operates the RCA Victor label.
John McDermott (golfer)
John J. McDermott Jr. (August 12, 1891 – August 1, 1971) was an American professional golfer. He was the first U.S.-born golfer to win the U.S. Open, triumphing at the 1911 U.S. Open and the 1912 U.S. Open. McDermott remains the youngest player to win the event, at age 19, as well as the second youngest to win any of golf's four major tournaments after Young Tom Morris. He was the first player to break par over 72 holes in a significant event, which he did at the 1912 U.S. Open. He was one of the world's top players between 1910 and 1914.

Young Tom Morris
Thomas Morris (20 April 1851 – 25 December 1875), better known as Young Tom Morris, was a Scottish professional golfer. He is considered one of the pioneers of professional golf, and was the first young prodigy in golf history. He won four consecutive titles in the Open Championship, and did this by the age of 21.

Morris was born in St Andrews, the "Home of Golf", and died there on Christmas Day, 1875, aged 24. His father, Old Tom Morris, was the greenkeeper and professional of the St Andrews Links, and himself won four of the first eight Open Championships. Young Tom's first Open Championship win – in 1868 at age 17 – made him the youngest major champion in the PGA, a record which still stands.
2013 Open Championship
The 2013 Open Championship was a men's major golf championship and the 142nd Open Championship, held from 18 to 21 July at Muirfield Golf Links in Gullane, East Lothian, Scotland. Phil Mickelson shot a final round 66 (−5) to win his fifth major title, three strokes ahead of runner-up Henrik Stenson. Mickelson began the round five strokes back, in a tie for ninth place.  Ian Poulter, Adam Scott, and 54-hole leader Lee Westwood tied for third, four back of Mickelson.

Grant Forrest
Grant Forrest (born 19 June 1993) is a Scottish professional golfer. He plays on the European Tour, and won the 2021 Hero Open. Forrest had a successful amateur career which included being runner-up in the Amateur Championship and playing in the 2015 Walker Cup.
Malik Pur, Mansehra
Malik Pur is a village and union council (an administrative subdivision) of Mansehra District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is located to the north east the district capital Mansehra.

Alisheri family of Swatis is the only landowning family of Malik Pur.

Mansehra
Mansehra (Urdu, Hindko:  مانسہرہ) is a city in the Hazara Division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. It is the 71st most populous city in the country and the 7th most populous in the province, and serves as the headquarter of its namesake tehsil and district.
Henry Weston Smith
The Reverend Henry Weston Smith (January 10, 1827 – August 20, 1876) was an American preacher and early resident of Deadwood, South Dakota.

Unlike most of the residents of the time, Smith was not interested in material riches; instead, he was the first preacher, of any denomination, in the Black Hills gold rush camps.

Seth Bullock
Seth Bullock (July 23, 1849 – September 23, 1919) was a Canadian-American frontiersman, business proprietor, politician, sheriff, and U.S. Marshal. He was a prominent citizen in Deadwood, South Dakota, where he lived from 1876 until his death, operating a hardware store and later a large hotel, the Bullock Hotel.
Satibhata Airstrip
Satibhata Airstrip also known as Padmapur Airstrip, is located 6 km from the Padmapur city center in western Odisha, India. Nearest airport to this airstrip is Raipur's Swami Vivekananda Airport in the state of Chhattisgarh (137 km). The airport serves Padmapur city in the Bargarh district of Odisha.

Swami Vivekananda Airport
Swami Vivekananda Airport (IATA: RPR, ICAO: VERP), formerly known as Mana Airport, is a domestic airport serving the Raipur Metropolitan Region in the Indian state of Chhattisgarh. The airport is located at Mana, about 15 km (9.3 mi) south-east of Raipur and 10 km (6.2 mi) east of Naya Raipur. On 24 January 2012, the airport was renamed after Hindu monk and philosopher Swami Vivekananda, who spent his youth in Raipur between 1877 and 1879. Between April 2024 and March 2025, it handled around 2.6 million passengers, and is the busiest airport by passenger traffic in the state, and the second-busiest in Central India after Devi Ahilya Bai Holkar Airport in Indore.
Critical international relations theory
Critical international relations theory is a diverse set of schools of thought in international relations (IR) that have criticized the theoretical, meta-theoretical and/or political status quo, both in IR theory and in international politics more broadly – from positivist as well as postpositivist positions.  Positivist critiques include Marxist and neo-Marxist approaches and certain ("conventional") strands of social constructivism.  Postpositivist critiques include poststructuralist, postcolonial, "critical" constructivist, critical theory (in the strict sense used by the Frankfurt School), neo-Gramscian, most feminist, and some English School approaches, as well as non-Weberian historical sociology, "international political sociology", "critical geopolitics", and the so-called "new materialism" (partly inspired by actor–network theory).  All of these latter approaches differ from both realism and liberalism in their epistemological and ontological premises.

English school of international relations theory
The English School of international relations theory (sometimes also referred to as liberal realism, the international society school or the British institutionalists) maintains that there is a 'society of states' at the international level, despite the condition of anarchy (that is, the lack of a global ruler or world state). The English school stands for the conviction that ideas, rather than simply material capabilities, shape the conduct of international politics, and therefore deserve analysis and critique. In this sense it is similar to constructivism, though the English School has its roots more in world history, international law and political theory, and is more open to normative approaches than is generally the case with constructivism.
Acetithermum
"Candidatus Acetithermum" is a thermophilic bacterial genus, belonging to the monotypic phylum "Acetithermota" and non-monotypic kingdom Thermotogati. It has the sole species "Ca. Acetithermum autotrophicum".

Candidatus
In prokaryote nomenclature, Candidatus (abbreviated Ca.; Latin for 'candidate of Roman office') is used to name prokaryotic taxa that are well characterized but yet-uncultured. Contemporary sequencing approaches, such as 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing or metagenomics, provide much information about the analyzed organisms and thus allow identification and characterization of individual species. However, the majority of prokaryotic species remain uncultivable and hence inaccessible for further characterization in in vitro study. The recent discoveries of a multitude of candidate taxa has led to candidate phyla radiation expanding the tree of life through the new insights in bacterial diversity.
WAPI (AM)
WAPI (1070 AM) is a commercial radio station licensed to Birmingham, Alabama, United States, that is currently silent. It is owned by Cumulus Media, with studios on Goodwin Crest Drive in Homewood and a transmitter in Forestdale. Prior to going silent in March 2025, WAPI simulcast the conservative talk format of co-owned WZRR. WAPI also broadcast in HD Radio.

Cumulus Media
Cumulus Media, Inc. is a broadcasting company of the United States and is the second largest owner and operator of AM and FM radio stations in the United States ahead of Audacy and behind iHeartMedia. As of June 2019, Cumulus lists ownership of 428 stations in 87 media markets. It also owns and operates Westwood One. Its headquarters are located in Atlanta, Georgia. Its subsidiaries include Cumulus Broadcasting LLC, Cumulus Licensing LLC and Broadcast Software International Inc.
558 Carmen
558 Carmen is a minor planet orbiting the Sun. As with a number of asteroids discovered by Max Wolf, it is named after a female character in opera, in this case the title character of Bizet's Carmen. This is classified as an M-type asteroid that spans a girth of approximately 59 km. The near infrared spectrum of this object is described as featureless. Some evidence for iron-poor orthopyroxenes on the surface has been reported.

M-type asteroid
M-type (metallic-type, aka M-class) asteroids are a spectral class of asteroids which appear to contain higher concentrations of metal phases (e.g. iron-nickel) than other asteroid classes, and are widely thought to be the source of iron meteorites.