hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Selaginella apoda
Selaginella apoda, commonly known as meadow spikemoss, is a perennial lycophyte native to much of the eastern United States and parts of northeastern Mexico. The life cycle is the shortest of the genus Selaginella, as well as one of the shortest among the lycophytes. Selaginella apoda is found primarily in damp soils in habitats such as swamps, wet fields, open woods and along stream banks. Selaginella apoda presents the potential for case studies involving the plant's adaptability to environmental toxins. It is closely related to Selaginella eclipes and S. ludoviciana, with both of which it has been reported to form hybrids. This group is characterized by relatively flat strobili and large megasporophylls which occur in the same plane as the lateral leaves.

The plant was originally described, and named Lycopodium apodum by Carl Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753).

Sporangium
A sporangium (from Late Latin, from Ancient Greek  σπορά (sporá) 'seed' and  ἀγγεῖον (angeîon) 'vessel'; pl.: sporangia) is an enclosure in which spores are formed. It can be composed of a single cell or can be multicellular. Virtually all plants, fungi, and many other groups form sporangia at some point in their life cycle. Sporangia can produce spores by mitosis, but in land plants and many fungi, sporangia produce genetically distinct haploid spores by meiosis.
Resignation and post-war life of Erich Raeder
Erich Johann Albert Raeder (24 April 1876 – 6 November 1960) was a naval leader in Germany before and during World War II. Raeder attained the highest possible naval rank – that of Großadmiral (Grand Admiral) – in 1939, becoming the first person to hold that rank since Henning von Holtzendorff. Raeder led the Kriegsmarine (German War Navy) for the first half of the war; he resigned in 1943 and was replaced by Karl Dönitz. He was sentenced to life in prison at the Nuremberg Trials, but was released early due to failing health.

Norman J. W. Goda
Norman J. W. Goda (born April 25, 1961) is an American historian specialised in the history of Nazi Germany and the Holocaust. He is a professor of history at the University of Florida, where he is the Norman and Irma Braman Professor of Holocaust Studies.

Goda is the author of several books on the international policy of Nazi Germany, the Holocaust, and the Cold War. He also serves as a historical consultant for the Nazi War Crimes and Japanese Imperial Government Records Interagency Working Group of the United States National Security Archive, tasked with reviewing the previously-classified intelligence documents of World War II and its aftermath.
1984 Congoleum Classic – Singles
The 1984 Congoleum Classic was a tennis tournament held February 13, 1984, in California. In singles, José Higueras was the defending champion but lost in the semifinals to Jimmy Connors.

Connors won in the final 6–2, 6–7, 6–3 against Yannick Noah.

1984 Congoleum Classic
The 1984 Congoleum Classic was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 11th edition of the tournament and was part of the Super Series of the 1984 Volvo Grand Prix circuit. It was played at the La Quinta Resort and Club in La Quinta, California in the United States and took place from February 13 through February 19, 1984. First-seeded Jimmy Connors won the singles title.
Fosdagrocorat
Fosdagrocorat (developmental code names PF-04171327 and PF-4171327; also known as dagrocorat 2-(dihydrogen phosphate)) is a nonsteroidal but steroid-like selective glucocorticoid receptor modulator (SGRM) which was under development for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis but was never marketed. It is the C2 dihydrogen phosphate ester of dagrocorat, and acts as a prodrug of dagrocorat with improved pharmacokinetics. The drug reached phase II clinical trials prior to the discontinuation of its development.

Prodrug
A prodrug is a pharmacologically inactive medication or compound that, after intake, is metabolized (i.e., converted within the body) into a pharmacologically active drug. Instead of administering a drug directly, a corresponding prodrug can be used to improve how the drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted (ADME).

Prodrugs are often designed to improve bioavailability when a drug itself is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. A prodrug may be used to improve how selectively the drug interacts with cells or processes that are not its intended target.  This reduces adverse or unintended effects of a drug, especially important in treatments like chemotherapy, which can have severe unintended and undesirable side effects.
Colin Barclay
Colin Walter Barclay (21 January 1937 – 8 April 2009) was a New Zealand cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and a right-arm medium-pace bowler who played for Central Districts. He was born in Wellington.

Barclay made a single first-class appearance, during the 1955–56 season, against Otago. He scored six runs in the only innings in which he batted, and conceded 21 runs from five overs. He later played for Taranaki in the Hawke Cup. He was a member of the Taranaki team that beat Southland to claim the Cup in December 1970 and then held the Cup for two seasons.

His father Wally played for Wellington in the 1920s. Colin's older brother Laurie also played Hawke Cup cricket for Taranaki.

Central Districts cricket team
The Central Stags, formerly known as Central Districts, are a first-class cricket team based in central New Zealand. They are the men's representative side of the Central Districts Cricket Association. They compete in the Plunket Shield first-class competition, The Ford Trophy domestic one-day competition and the Men's Super Smash Twenty20 competition. They are one of six teams that make up New Zealand Cricket. They were the fifth of the current teams to compete in the Plunket Shield which they entered for the first time in the 1950/51 season, and are the only men's first-class side representing regions in both the North and South Islands of New Zealand.
Praça Roosevelt
23°32′55″S 46°38′48″W﻿ / ﻿23.5487°S 46.6466°W﻿ / -23.5487; -46.6466

Praça Roosevelt is a public square in São Paulo, Brazil. Construction of the square began in 1968 and was completed in 1970. After decades of decline, the square was renovated in 2011–12. A second renovation to expand the skate park on Praça Roosevelt was completed in November 2014.

Praça Roosevelt is located between Rua da Consolação and Rua Augusta at the beginning of the Minhocão elevated highway in downtown São Paulo.

Central Zone of São Paulo
The Central Zone (Portuguese: Zona Central de São Paulo) is an administrative zone of the city of São Paulo, Brazil.

One of the largest commercial and business districts in South America, the region is administered by the subprefecture of Sé. It is not concurrent, although often confused, with the regions known as Centro Expandido ("Expanded Center"), a broader area used by the city government for urban planning and road space rationing actions and Centro Histórico de São Paulo ("Historic Center of São Paulo"), which, as the name implies, includes only the oldest part of the central region.
Creative writing
Creative writing is any writing that goes beyond the boundaries of normal professional, journalistic, academic, or technical forms of literature, typically identified by an emphasis on craft and technique, such as narrative structure, character development, literary tropes, genre, and poetics. Both fictional and non-fictional works fall into this category, including such forms as novels, biographies, short stories, poems, and even some forms of journalism. In academic settings, creative writing is typically separated into fiction and poetry classes, with a focus on writing in an original style, as opposed to imitating pre-existing genres such as crime or horror. Writing for the screen and stage—screenwriting and playwriting—are often taught separately, but fit under the creative writing category as well.

Screenwriting
Screenwriting or scriptwriting is the art and craft of writing scripts for mass media such as feature films, television productions or video games. It is often a freelance profession.

Screenwriters are responsible for researching the story, developing the narrative, writing the script, screenplay, dialogues and delivering it, in the required format, to development executives. Screenwriters therefore have great influence over the creative direction and emotional impact of the screenplay and, arguably, of the finished film.

Screenwriters either pitch original ideas to producers, in the hope that they will be optioned or sold; or are commissioned by a producer to create a screenplay from a concept or true story, or adapt one from an existing screen work or literary work, such as a novel, poem, play, comic book, or short story.
National Government (1937–1939)
The National Government of 1937–1939 was formed by Neville Chamberlain on his appointment as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom by King George VI. He succeeded Stanley Baldwin, who announced his resignation following the coronation of the King and Queen in May 1937.

As a National Government it contained members of the Conservative Party, Liberal Nationals and National Labour, as well as a number of individuals who belonged to no political party. In September 1939, Chamberlain requested the formal resignations of all his colleagues, reconstructing the government in order to better confront Nazi Germany in the Second World War.

National Government (United Kingdom)
In the politics of the United Kingdom, a National Government is a coalition of some or all of the major political parties.  In a historical sense, it refers primarily to the governments of Ramsay MacDonald, Stanley Baldwin and Neville Chamberlain which held office from 1931 until 1940.

The all-party coalitions of H. H. Asquith and David Lloyd George in the First World War were sometimes referred to as National Governments at the time, but are now more commonly called Coalition Governments.  The term "National Government" was chosen to dissociate itself from negative connotations of the earlier coalitions. Similarly the all-party government of Winston Churchill in the Second World War was generally referred to as the National Government at the time.
Rans S-19 Venterra
The Rans S-19 Venterra (English: wind over the earth) is an American single-engined, tractor configuration, two-seats in side-by-side configuration, low-wing monoplane designed by Randy Schlitter as a light-sport aircraft and manufactured by Rans Inc. The Venterra is available as a complete factory-built aircraft and in kit form for amateur construction.

Light-sport aircraft
A light-sport aircraft (LSA), or light sport aircraft, is a category of small, lightweight aircraft that are simple to fly. LSAs tend to be heavier and more sophisticated than ultralight (aka "microlight") aircraft, but LSA restrictions on weight and performance separates the category from established GA aircraft. There is no standard worldwide description of an LSA.
Huaxia Elevated Road
The Huaxia Elevated Road (Chinese: 华夏高架路) is a 15.6-kilometre  (9.7 mi) long elevated expressway entirely in the Pudong New Area of Shanghai, a direct-controlled municipality in the People's Republic of China. It opened to traffic on 25 December 2009, and connects the Middle Ring Road with the Yingbin Expressway. It serves as a new roadway from Shanghai Pudong International Airport to the city centre. It makes the journey from Shanghai Pudong International Airport to the city centre in 30 minutes, and to Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport, via the Middle Ring Road, in 60 minutes. The route normally takes 70 percent of traffic flow to Shanghai Pudong International Airport.

Middle Ring Road (Shanghai)
Middle Ring Road (simplified Chinese: 中环路; traditional Chinese: 中環路; pinyin: Zhōnghuán Lù) is a ring expressway in Shanghai, China. It is the second smallest in a series of four ring expressways around the city of Shanghai. Construction began in April 2003 on the first section of the Middle Ring Road in Yangpu District. The Middle Ring Road crosses the Huangpu River twice through the Jungong Road Tunnel and the Shangzhong Road Tunnel. On the Pudong side, the southern section from the Shangzhong Road Tunnel to Shenjiang Road opened on 25 December 2009. Most sections of the ring road are elevated. However, some sections passing through the Changning, Minhang, and Yangpu districts run at-grade and utilize Texas U-turn interchanges with the expressway running in a trenched underpass.
1997 World Wrestling Championships – Women's freestyle 46 kg
The women's freestyle 46 kilograms is a competition featured at the 1997 World Wrestling Championships, and was at the Clermont-Ferrand Sports Hall held in Clermont-Ferrand, France from 10 to 12 July 1997.

1997 World Wrestling Championships
The following is the final results of the 1997 World Wrestling Championships. Men's Freestyle competition were held in Krasnoyarsk, Russia. Men's Greco-Roman competition were held in Wrocław, Poland and Women's competition were held in Clermont-Ferrand, France.
Qərvənd, Fuzuli
39°37′56″N 47°13′37″E﻿ / ﻿39.63222°N 47.22694°E﻿ / 39.63222; 47.22694

Qərvənd (Gervend; also, Qərbənd) is a village in the Fuzuli District of Azerbaijan, around 9 km northeast of Fuzuli City. The site is currently uninhabited.

Following the First Nagorno-Karabakh War, the village fell under the occupation of the unrecognized Republic of Artsakh since August 1993 as a part of its Hadrut Province.

During the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, the Ministry of Defence of Azerbaijan announced that it had retaken the village on 27 September 2020. A video released a few weeks later showed that the village was now little more than a scattering of very degraded ruins.

Fuzuli (city)
Fuzuli (Azerbaijani: Füzuli (listen)ⓘ) is a city and the capital of the Fuzuli District of Azerbaijan.

The city had a population of 17,090 before its occupation by Armenian forces on 23 August 1993, during the First Nagorno-Karabakh War, which resulted in the expulsion of the local Azerbaijani population and the city becoming a ghost town. However people are slowly starting to return.

On 17 October 2020, Azerbaijani forces recaptured the city during the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war.
Jiugong
Jiugong  (simplified Chinese: 旧宫地区; traditional Chinese: 舊宮地區; pinyin: Jiùgōng Dìqū; lit. 'old palace') is an area in northern Daxing District, Beijing, located just inside the 5th Ring Road. It borders Huaxiang and Nanyuan Subdistircts to its north and west, Xiaohongmen and Yizhuang Towns to its east, as well as Yinghai and Xihongmen Towns to its south. As of 2020, it had a population of 189,300 under its administration.

During the Ming and Qing dynasties, this area hosted a palace that served as temporary adobe for the emperor. After the fall of Qing dynasty, the palace was destroyed by armies of the Fengtian clique. The region was given the name Jiugong (Chinese: 旧宫; lit. 'Old Palace') as a result.

Daxing, Beijing
Daxing District (Chinese: 大兴区; pinyin: Dàxīng Qū) is a district of Beijing, covering the southern suburbs of the city. It borders the Beijing districts of Tongzhou to the east/northeast, Fangshan to the west, Fengtai to the northwest, Chaoyang to the northeast, and the Hebei province to the south.
Fractional wavelet transform
Fractional wavelet transform (FRWT) is a generalization of the classical wavelet transform (WT). This transform is proposed in order to rectify the limitations of the WT and the fractional Fourier transform (FRFT). The FRWT inherits the advantages of multiresolution analysis of the WT and has the capability of signal representations in the fractional domain which is similar to the FRFT.

Wavelet transform
In mathematics, a wavelet series is a representation of a square-integrable (real- or complex-valued) function by a certain orthonormal series generated by a wavelet. This article provides a formal, mathematical definition of an orthonormal wavelet and of the integral wavelet transform.
Blue Crab 11
The Blue Crab 11, also called the Gloucester 11, is an American utility dinghy that can be rowed, used as a motorboat or as a sailing dinghy. It was designed by Harry R. Sindle and first built in 1971. The design is named for the family of crustaceans.

Dinghy
A dinghy  is a type of small boat, often carried or towed by a larger vessel for use as a tender. Utility dinghies are usually rowboats or have an outboard motor.  Some are rigged for sailing but they differ from sailing dinghies, which are designed first and foremost for sailing.  A dinghy's main use is for transfers from larger boats, especially when the larger boat cannot dock at a suitably-sized port or marina.

The term "dinghy towing" sometimes is used to refer to the practice of towing a car or other smaller vehicle behind a motorhome, by analogy to towing a dinghy behind a yacht.
Turner v. United States
Turner v. United States was a United States Supreme Court case in which the court held that evidence withheld by the prosecution is only Brady material if there is a reasonable probability that the result of the proceeding would have been different, considering the context of the entire record. If the evidence is too little, too weak, or too distant from the main evidentiary points, there is no violation.

The case considered the convictions in the 1984 case involving the sexual assault and murder of Catherine Fuller in Washington, D.C. and whether the court was misled by the prosecution because of a failure to disclose evidence. The court was questioned whether the undisclosed evidence requires the defendant's convictions to be overturned.

Brady disclosure
In the legal system of the United States, a Brady disclosure consists of exculpatory or impeaching information and evidence that is material to the guilt or innocence or to the punishment of a defendant. The term comes from the 1963 U.S. Supreme Court case Brady v. Maryland, in which the Supreme Court ruled that suppression by the prosecution of evidence favorable to a defendant who has requested it violates due process.

Following Brady, the prosecutor must disclose evidence or information that would prove the innocence of the defendant or would enable the defense to more effectively impeach the credibility of government witnesses. Evidence that would serve to reduce the defendant's sentence must also be disclosed by the prosecution. In practice, this doctrine has often proved difficult to enforce. Some states have established their own laws to try to strengthen enforcement against prosecutorial misconduct in this area.
Cross of the Seven Arms
The Cross of the Seven Arms is the highest distinction of the Principality of Andorra.

The objective of the order is to reward persons living or dead, as well as entities, that have contributed significantly to benefit Andorra, such as promoting its economic, scientific, and social standing, as well as promoting the dissemination of Andorran history and culture.

The Cross of Seven Arms is regulated by Decree 221/2024, of 29-5-2024, which approved the Regulation of the Cross of the Seven Arms.

Co-princes of Andorra
The co-princes of Andorra are jointly the heads of state (Catalan: cap d'estat) of the Principality of Andorra, a landlocked microstate lying in the Pyrenees between France and Spain. The co-princes are the bishop of Urgell and the president of France.

Founded in 1278 by a treaty between the bishop of Urgell and the count of Foix, this unique diarchical arrangement has persisted through the Middle Ages to the present. Following the transfer of the count of Foix's claims to the Crown of France and, subsequently, to the head of state of the French Republic, the current arrangement has the bishop of Urgell (Josep-Lluís Serrano Pentinat) serving as the episcopal co-prince and the president of France (Emmanuel Macron) as the lay co-prince. Each co-prince appoints a personal representative. The episcopal co-prince is currently represented by Eduard Ibáñez and the lay co-prince by Patrice Faure.
Ling How Doong
Ling How Doong (simplified Chinese: 林孝谆; traditional Chinese: 林孝諄; pinyin: Lín Xiàozhūn; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Lîm Hàu-chùn; 1935 – 30 April 2021) was a Singaporean politician and lawyer. A member of the opposition Singapore Democratic Party (SDP), he has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Bukit Gombak Single Member Constituency from 1991 to 1996 and the de facto Leader of the Opposition from 1993 to 1996.

Leader of the Opposition (Singapore)
The leader of the opposition of Singapore is a position in the Parliament of Singapore referring to a politician who leads the largest opposition party in the country, typically the leader of a party that possesses the most seats in Parliament that is not the governing party or part of a governing coalition. Although the position has de facto existed since 1955, it was formally established in 2020, with Pritam Singh of the Workers' Party (WP) serving from 24 August 2020 until his removal by Prime Minister Lawrence Wong of the People's Action Party (PAP) on 15 January 2026. The position has since remained vacant after the WP declined to nominate a replacement, stating that the leader of the largest opposition party in Parliament was themselves the leader of the opposition. The rejection was accepted by the Prime Minister's Office.
2022–23 World Rugby Women's Sevens Series
The 2022–23 World Rugby Women's Sevens Series was the tenth edition of the global circuit for women's national rugby sevens teams, organised by World Rugby. New Zealand won the series at the last event in Toulouse, taking out six of the seven events on the tour to claim their seventh World Series title  with Australia and the United States placing second and third, respectively. The series doubled as a qualifier for the 2024 Olympic Sevens, so those three teams along with host country France, who finished fourth in the series, and Ireland, who finished fifth, all gained direct qualifying berths for the women's tournament  held in Paris in 2024.

Women's SVNS
The World Rugby SVNS, known as the HSBC SVNS for sponsorship reasons, is a series of international rugby sevens tournaments for women's national teams run by World Rugby. The inaugural series was held in 2012–13 as the successor to the IRB Women's Sevens Challenge Cup held the previous season. The competition has been sponsored by banking group HSBC since 2015.

The series, the women's counterpart to the World Rugby Sevens Series, provides elite-level women's competition between rugby nations. As with the men's Sevens World Series, teams compete for the title by accumulating points based on their finishing position in each tournament.
Morris Kight
Morris Kight (November 19, 1919 – January 19, 2003) was an American gay rights pioneer and peace activist.  He is considered one of the original founders of the gay and lesbian civil rights movement in the United States.

Outfest
Outfest is an LGBTQ-oriented nonprofit that produces two film festivals, operates a movie streaming platform, and runs educational services for filmmakers  in Los Angeles. Outfest is one of the key partners, alongside the Frameline Film Festival, the New York Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, & Transgender Film Festival, and the Inside Out Film and Video Festival, in launching the North American Queer Festival Alliance, an initiative to further publicize and promote LGBT film.