hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sinuiju
Sinŭiju (Korean: 신의주시; MR: Sinŭiju-si; IPA: [ɕinɰidzu ɕi]) is a city in North Korea which faces Dandong, Liaoning, China, across the international border of the Yalu River. It is the capital of North P'yŏngan province. Part of the city is included in the Sinŭiju Special Administrative Region, which was established in 2002 to experiment with introducing a market economy. In recent years the city has seen increasing tourism from China.

McCune–Reischauer
McCune–Reischauer (MR; /məˈkjuːn ˈraɪʃaʊ.ər/ mə-KEWN RYSHE-ow-ər) is a romanization system for the Korean language. It was first published in 1939 by George M. McCune and Edwin O. Reischauer. Significant work on the system was done by Korean linguists Choe Hyeon-bae, Jeong In-seop, and Kim Seon-gi.

According to Reischauer, McCune "persuaded the American Army Map Service to adopt [the McCune–Reischauer system], and through the Korean War it became the foundation for most current Romanizations of Korean place names."

A variant of McCune–Reischauer is currently used as the official system in North Korea. Another variant is currently used for standard romanization library catalogs in North America. On the other hand, South Korea formerly used yet another variant as its official system from 1984 to 2000, but replaced it with the Revised Romanization of Korean in 2000.
Serhildan
The word serhildan describes several Kurdish protests and uprisings since the 1990s that used the slogan "Êdî Bese" ("Enough") against Turkey. Local shops are often closed on the day of demonstrations as a form of protest.

Protests are held every year on 15 February, the date of Abdullah Öcalan's capture, and during Newroz on 21 March, the Kurdish New Year.

The Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan has thus far refused to acknowledge the demands of the protests, calling them a conspiracy by an alleged Ergenekon–PKK axis.

Beytüşşebap
Beytüşşebap (Kurdish: Elkî) is a town and seat of Beytüşşebap District of Şırnak Province in Turkey. The town had a population of 6,367 in 2023. It is populated by Kurds of the Ertoşî, Geravî, Jirkî, Mamxûran and Pinyanîşî Kurdish tribes.

The mayor is Habip Aşan of the Justice and Development Party (AKP) and District Governor (Kaymakam), Hasan Meşel serves since September 2020 after he was appointed by Recep Tayyip Erdoğan.
Donald Æneas MacDonell
Donald Aeneas MacDonell (July 31, 1794 – March 11, 1879) was a soldier and political figure in Upper Canada.

He was born in Charlottenburgh Township in Upper Canada in 1794, the son of Miles Macdonell, and studied with John Strachan in Cornwall. He served in the British Army during the War of 1812, reaching the rank of lieutenant. In 1834, he was appointed justice of the peace for the Eastern District and was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada; he was reelected in 1836 but ran unsuccessfully for a seat in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada in 1841.

He was elected to the assembly in 1844 and then defeated again in 1848. He also served in the local militia, serving as commanding officer of the 1st Battalion of Stormont from 1846 to 1850. He also led an expedition to Beauharnois during the Lower Canada Rebellion.

In 1848, he became warden for the Kingston Penitentiary and he served until 1869.

He retired in Brockville, where he died in 1879.

Lower Canada Rebellion
The Lower Canada Rebellion (French: rébellion du Bas-Canada), commonly referred to as the Patriots' Rebellion (Rébellion des patriotes) in French, is the name given to the armed conflict in 1837–38 between rebels and the colonial government of Lower Canada (now southern Quebec). Together with the simultaneous rebellion in the neighbouring colony of Upper Canada (now southern Ontario), it formed the Rebellions of 1837–38 (rébellions de 1837–38).

As a result of the rebellions, the Province of Canada was created from the former Lower Canada and Upper Canada.
Ienashi church
The Ienashi church of the Prophet Jonah (Georgian: იენაშის იონა წინასწარმეტყველის ეკლესია, romanized: ienashis iona ts'inasts'armet'q'velis ek'lesia), also known as the church of Ian (Svan: ჲან), is a medieval Georgian Orthodox church in Mestia, Upper Svaneti. The church was built sometime between the 12th and 14th centuries, but reflects an earlier Georgian practice by having a semi-open aisle—an ambulatory—terminating in an apse to the east of the main nave of the building. The church is inscribed on the list of the Immovable Cultural Monuments of National Significance of Georgia.

Svaneti
Svaneti (Svan: შუ̂ან, ლემშუ̂ანიერა; shwan, lemshwaniera, and Suania in ancient sources; Georgian: სვანეთი [ˈs̪ʷän̪e̞t̪ʰi] Svaneti) is a province in the northwestern part of Georgia. Running along the Greater Caucasus range, Svaneti is one of the most mountainous regions of Georgia. It is largely inhabited by the Svans, an ethnic subgroup of Georgians.
MV Gardyloo
MV Gardyloo was a specially designed sewage dumping vessel that operated from Leith, the port of Edinburgh, between 1978 and 1998. Prior to 1978, the city of Edinburgh's waste was discharged into the Forth from a series of eight outlets along the coastline, where it often washed back up on beaches and rocks. The vessel took her name from the word "gardyloo", which was historically used by the burghers of Edinburgh to warn passersby that they were about to dump waste water into the street below.

Leith
Leith (/liːθ/; Scottish Gaelic: Lìte) is a suburb to the north of Edinburgh, Scotland, lying at the mouth of the Water of Leith. It is home to the Port of Leith.

The earliest surviving historical references are in the royal charter authorising the construction of Holyrood Abbey in 1128 in which it is termed Inverlet (Inverleith). After centuries of control by Edinburgh, Leith was made a separate burgh in 1833 only to be merged into Edinburgh in 1920.

Leith is located on the southern coast of the Firth of Forth and lies within the City of Edinburgh council area; since 2007 it has formed one of 17 multi-member wards of the city.
Stehlin
Stehlin is a surname. Notable persons by this name include:

Benoist Stehlin (c.1732–1774), French harpsichord builder

Hans Georg Stehlin (1870–1941), Swiss paleontologist and geologist

Johann Jakob Stehlin (1803–1879), Swiss politician

Karl Rudolf Stehlin (1831–1881), Swiss politician and President of the Swiss Council of States

Andrew Stehlin, New Zealand actor

Johann Jakob Stehlin
Johann Jakob Stehlin (20 January 1803 – 18 December 1879) was a Swiss politician of the Free Democratic Party.

Born in Basel, Stehlin was mayor of that city from 1858 to 1868. He also represented the canton Basel-City in the National Council, which he presided over in 1858/59 and 1867/68, and in the Council of States.

On 11 July 1855, Stehlin was elected to the Swiss Federal Council to succeed the deceased Josef Munzinger. The next day, he declined the election, becoming the first of five Councillor-elects (as of 2020) to do so. Josef Martin Knüsel was elected in his place on 14 July.

Two of Stehlin's sons also acquired renown: Karl Rudolf Stehlin, also a member of the Council of States, and Johann Jakob Stehlin junior, a noted architect.
1926 Wisconsin Supreme Court election
The 1926 Wisconsin Supreme Court election was held on Tuesday, April 6, 1926, to elect a justice to the Wisconsin Supreme Court for a ten-year term. Incumbent justice Franz C. Eschweiler was re-elected to a second term without opposition.

Wisconsin Supreme Court
The Wisconsin Supreme Court is the highest and final court of appeals in the state judicial system of the U.S. state of Wisconsin. In addition to hearing appeals of lower Wisconsin court decisions, the Wisconsin Supreme Court also has the option to take original jurisdiction of cases, and serves as a regulator and administrator of judicial conduct and the practice of law in Wisconsin.

Justices on the Wisconsin Supreme Court are elected. The two most recent elections (2023 and 2025) received national attention. They both broke records for the most expensive judicial elections in U.S. history.
Pandavaru
Pandavaru is a 2006 Indian Kannada-language film directed by K. V. Raju. The film is a remake of Malayalam film Godfather (1991). The film is about five brothers played by Ambareesh, Devaraj, Jaggesh, Ramkumar and Abhijith. The film was released on 10 November 2006 alongside Hubballi.

Abhijith (actor)
Abhijith (born 30 July 1963) is an Indian actor, singer, producer and director working in Kannada films. Starting his career as an actor in the late 1980s, he went on to act in many films through the 1990s and 2000s. He mainly played lead roles and villains in the 1990s and some supporting roles as well.
Ohio State Route 503
State Route 503 (SR 503) is a north–south state highway in the southwestern quadrant of the U.S. state of Ohio.  The southern terminus of SR 503 is at U.S. Route 127 (US 127) in Seven Mile.  Its northern terminus is at a T-intersection with SR 121 on the eastern limits of the village of Wayne Lakes.

Seven Mile, Ohio
Seven Mile is a village in Butler County, Ohio, United States. The population was 712 at the 2020 census.

Seven Mile is served by Edgewood Local School District. Seven Mile Elementary School is the only school located within the village limits.
Kevin Wood (footballer)
Kevin Wood (3 November 1929 – 19 September 2012) was an English professional footballer who played as an inside forward in the Football League for Grimsby Town. He was on the books of Doncaster Rovers, without playing league football for them, and played non-league football for Worksop Town and Peterborough United.

Worksop Town F.C.
Worksop Town Football Club is an English football club based in Worksop, Nottinghamshire. The team play in the National League North. They are nicknamed The Tigers and play their home games at Sandy Lane in Worksop.
Lexanopadol
Lexanopadol (INNTooltip International Nonproprietary Name, USANTooltip United States Adopted Name), also known by its developmental code name GRT-6006, is an opioid receptor modulator which was under development for the treatment of pain. It is taken orally. The drug acts as a dual agonist of the μ-opioid receptor and nociceptin receptor. It is thought that the combination of these activities may confer enhanced analgesic efficacy. Lexanopadol was under development by Grünenthal. It reached phase 1 or 2 clinical trials prior to the discontinuation of its development, with no further development reported by 2016. The drug was a follow-on compound to cebranopadol (GRT-6005).

Mu-opioid receptor
The μ-opioid receptors (using the Greek letter mu, abbreviated MOR) are a class of opioid receptors with a high affinity for enkephalins and beta-endorphin, but a low affinity for dynorphins. They are also referred to as μ(mu)-opioid peptide (MOP) receptors. The prototypical μ-opioid receptor agonist is morphine, the primary psychoactive alkaloid in opium and for which the receptor was named, with mu being the first letter of Morpheus, the compound's namesake in the original Greek. It is an inhibitory G-protein coupled receptor that activates the Gi alpha subunit, inhibiting adenylate cyclase activity, lowering cAMP levels.
Papillion Creek
Papillion Creek is a 15.5-mile-long (24.9 km) tributary of the Missouri River in Nebraska.  Its watershed lies in Washington, Douglas and Sarpy counties, including parts of the city of Omaha.  The main branch of Papillion Creek is known as Big Papillion Creek.  Some of the tributaries include Little Papillion Creek, Thomas Creek, Cole Creek, Northwest Branch of West Papillion Creek, West Papillion Creek, South Papillion Creek, and Mud Creek.  Papillion Creek empties into the Missouri River south of Bellevue and just north of the mouth of the Platte River.

Locals often refer to the creek as the "Papio Creek".

Within its watershed lie Glenn Cunningham Lake, Standing Bear Lake, Zorinsky Lake and Wehrspann Lake at the Chalco Hills Recreation Area, which were created by the Army Corps of Engineers in the aftermath of extensive flooding in 1964 and 1965.

Zorinsky Lake Park
Zorinsky Lake Park is a park located at 156th and F streets in West Omaha, Nebraska. Named after Senator Edward Zorinsky of Omaha, the park has a 255-acre (103 ha) lake offering boating and fishing. The park is surrounded by 770 acres (310 ha) of public land, including 190 acres (77 ha) dedicated to wildlife management. The park is home to the Bauermeister prairie, which houses 120 species of plants, birds, and wildlife.
Sachida Nand Sharma
Sachida Nand Sharma MOF is a politician who was one of the eight nominees of the Leader of the Opposition to the Senate of Fiji after the 2006 elections.  In March 2012 he was appointed the acting leader of the Fiji Labour Party. In August 2019 he was appointed acting president of the party following the death of Lavinia Padarath. He was replaced in November 2019 by Anand Singh.

Leader of the Opposition (Fiji)
In Fiji, the leader of the opposition (or opposition leader) is a senior politician who commands the support of the Official Opposition. The leader of the opposition is, by convention, the leader of the largest political party in the Parliament of Fiji that is not in government. This is usually this is the parliamentary leader of the second-largest caucus in Parliament. It did not originate in Fiji but has a long tradition; in British constitutional theory, the leader of the opposition must pose a formal alternative to the government, ready to form a government himself should the prime minister lose the confidence of the parliament.

Typically the leader of the opposition is elected by his or her party according to its rules. A new leader may be elected when the incumbent dies, resigns, or is challenged for the leadership. Inia Seruiratu of the FijiFirst party (independent since 2024) has been serving as the leader of the opposition since 29 March 2023.
Floating cable-stayed bridge
A floating cable-stayed bridge is a type of cable-stayed bridge where the towers float on tension-leg submerged material, tethered to the seabed for buoyancy. No floating cable-stayed bridge has been made or planned as of 2025, but a floating suspension bridge was planned in Norway before being turned into a floating pontoon bridge and conventional cable-stayed bridge. A floating cable-stayed bridge could be more stable horizontally across the bridge deck than floating suspension bridges. The lateral forces from the wind and water pose a problem, which could be solved by placing tethered cables at different angles from the floating platform to the seabed.

Float (nautical)
A float (also called a pontoon) is an airtight hollow structure, similar to a pressure vessel, designed to provide buoyancy in water.  Its principal applications are in watercraft hulls, aircraft floats, floating piers, aquaculture, pontoon bridges, and marine engineering applications such as salvage.
Horrilysin
Horrilysin (EC 3.4.24.47, Crotalus horridus metalloendopeptidase, hemorrhagic proteinase IV, Crotalus horridus horridus venom hemorrhagic proteinase) is an enzyme. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

Cleavage of only the single bond Ala14-Leu in the insulin B chain, Ser12-Leu in the A chain, and Ile-Gly, Pro-Ala, and Ser-Trp in melittin

This endopeptidase is present in the venom of the timber rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus horridus)

Timber rattlesnake
The timber rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus), also known commonly as the canebrake rattlesnake and the banded rattlesnake, is a species of pit viper in the family Viperidae. The species is native to the eastern United States. Like all other pit vipers, it is venomous, with a very toxic bite. Its venom is extremely potent, and both hemorrhagic and neurotoxic venom are present depending on population and location. C. horridus is the only rattlesnake species in most of the populous Northeastern United States and is second only to its relatives to the west, the prairie rattlesnake, as the most northerly distributed venomous snake in North America. There are no subspecies that are recognized as being valid.
Sabbath
In Abrahamic religions, the Sabbath (/ˈsæbəθ/) or Shabbat (Biblical Hebrew: שַׁבָּת [ʃa'bat]) is a day set aside for rest and worship. According to the Book of Exodus, the Sabbath is a day of rest on the seventh day commanded by Yahweh to be kept as a holy day of rest as God rested in the Genesis creation narrative. Shabbat observance is commanded in the Ten Commandments: "Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy" in the Masoretic text contrasting with the Samaritan Pentateuch which says "Keep the Sabbath day to keep it holy."

A day of rest is observed in Islam (Friday), Judaism (Saturday), and Christianity (Sunday). Observances similar to or descended from the Sabbath also exist in other religions. The term may be generally used to describe similar weekly observances in other religions.

The Sabbath might have been influenced by Babylonian mid-month rest days and lunar cycles, though its origins remain debated.

Cognate
In historical linguistics, cognates or lexical cognates are sets of words that have been inherited in direct descent from an etymological ancestor in a common parent language.

Because language change can have radical effects on both the sound and the meaning of a word, cognates may not be obvious, and it often takes rigorous study of historical sources and the application of the comparative method to establish whether lexemes are cognate.  It can also happen that words which appear similar, or identical, in different languages, are not cognate.

Cognates are distinguished from loanwords, where a word has been borrowed from another language.
PDGFA
Platelet-derived growth factor subunit A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PDGFA gene.

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the platelet-derived growth factor family. The four members of this family are mitogenic factors for cells of mesenchymal origin and are characterized by a motif of eight cysteines. This gene product can exist either as a homodimer or as a heterodimer with the platelet-derived growth factor beta polypeptide, where the dimers are connected by disulfide bonds. Studies using knockout mice have shown cellular defects in oligodendrocytes, alveolar smooth muscle cells, and Leydig cells in the testis; knockout mice die either as embryos or shortly after birth. Two splice variants have been identified for this gene.

Mitogen
A mitogen is a small bioactive  protein or peptide that induces a cell to begin cell division, or enhances the rate of division (mitosis).  Mitogenesis is the induction (triggering) of mitosis, typically via a mitogen.
Ollie Ogbu
Olong O. "Ollie" Ogbu (born May 18, 1987) is a defensive line coach for Lake Erie College in Painesville, Ohio. Prior to this year he coached Defensive Line at Wagner College, where he coached 3× All-American 6th round pick DE Titus Leo. Other coaching stints include The University of New Haven, Blinn College & Montana State University- Northern. Previously an American football defensive end for the Spring League and Hudson Valley Fort of the Fall Experimental Football League (FXFL). Before signing with the Indianapolis Colts as an undrafted free agent in 2011, he was a team captain and four-year starter at Penn State.

Penn State Nittany Lions football
The Penn State Nittany Lions team represents the Pennsylvania State University in college football. The Nittany Lions compete in the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) as a member of the Big Ten Conference, which they joined in 1993 after playing as an Independent from 1892 to 1992.

Established in 1887, the Nittany Lions have achieved numerous on-field successes, including two consensus national championships in 1982 and 1986; four Big Ten Conference championships in 1994, 2005, 2008 and 2016; 13 undefeated seasons in 1887, 1894, 1909, 1911, 1912, 1920, 1921, 1947, 1968, 1969, 1973, 1986 and 1994; and 53 appearances in college bowl games, with an all-time post-season bowl record of 32–20–2. The team ranks seventh among NCAA Division I college football programs in all-time total wins.

The Nittany Lions play their home games at Beaver Stadium, located on campus in University Park, Pennsylvania.
Said Djauharsjah Jenie
Said Djauharsjah Jenie (22 August 1950, Surakarta – July 11, 2008, Bandung) was an Indonesian scientist and teacher. He was the head of The Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (AAAT) from 2006 until his death in 2008. He was a member of the Board of Commissioners PT. Indonesian Aerospace.

Said Jenie was one of the key figures behind the success of the maiden flight of aircraft N-250, the first commercial aircraft entirely designed and made in Indonesia. He worked as an educator in the Department of Aerospace Engineering ITB (ITB) as Professor Prodi Engineering Flight. Said was a researcher at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and NASA in United States.

Said Jenie died in Bandung Hospital on July 11, 2008, due to heart disease. He was buried in Family Cemetery Sewu, Bantul, Yogyakarta.

IPTN N250
The IPTN N250 was a turboprop regional airliner designed by Indonesian firm IPTN (Industri Pesawat Terbang Nusantara) (now Indonesian Aerospace). This aircraft was IPTN's first major effort to win the market share of the regional turboprop class of 64–68 seat airliners. The aircraft's development was eventually terminated after the Asian financial crisis of 1998.
George Bunn (lawyer)
George Lincoln Bunn (June 25, 1865 – October 9, 1918) was an American lawyer, judge, and academic from Minnesota. He served as a justice of the Minnesota Supreme Court and dean of William Mitchell College of Law.

Bunn was born in Sparta, Wisconsin. His father Romanzo Bunn was both a Wisconsin Court of Appeals justice and a United States federal judge in Wisconsin, which influenced him to practice law. He received both his undergraduate and law degrees from the University of Wisconsin, in 1885 and 1888.

Bunn moved to St. Paul, Minnesota after graduating from law school and worked in private practice until 1897. That year, Governor David Marston Clough appointed him to a judgeship in Ramsey County. In 1911, Governor Adolph Olson Eberhart appointed him to the Minnesota Supreme Court. From 1904 until his death in 1918, Bunn served as dean of the St. Paul College of Law, the first predecessor of William Mitchell College of Law.

Ramsey County, Minnesota
Ramsey County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 552,352, making it the state's second-most populous county, and was estimated to be 542,015 in 2024. Its county seat and largest city is Saint Paul, the state capital and the twin city of Minneapolis. The county was founded in 1849 and is named for Alexander Ramsey, the first governor of the Minnesota Territory. Ramsey County is part of the Minneapolis–Saint Paul–Bloomington, MN–WI Metropolitan statistical area. It is Minnesota's smallest and most densely populated county, as well as the 38th-most densely populated county in the United States in 2010.
Ministry of National Defence (São Tomé and Príncipe)
The Ministry of National Defence (Portuguese: Ministério da Defesa Nacional) is a ministry of the Government of São Tomé and Príncipe. It is headed by the Minister of Defence and Internal Order (Portuguese: Ministro da Defesa e Ordem Interna). The current minister is Lieutenant colonel Jorge Amado.

Manuel Pinto da Costa
Manuel Pinto da Costa (born 5 August 1937) is a Santomean economist and politician who served as the first president of São Tomé and Príncipe from 1975 to 1991. He again served as president from 2011 to 2016.