hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Telephone numbers in Germany
The regulation of telephone numbers in Germany is the responsibility of the Federal Network Agency (German: Bundesnetzagentur, BNetzA) of the German government. The agency has a mandate to telecommunications in Germany and other infrastructure systems.

Telecommunications in Germany
Telecommunications in Germany is highly developed. The German telecommunication market has been fully liberalized since January 1, 1998. Germany is served by an extensive system of automatic telephone exchanges connected by modern networks of fiber-optic cable, coaxial cable, microwave radio relay, and a domestic satellite system; cellular telephone service is widely available, expanding rapidly, and includes roaming service to foreign countries. As a result of intensive capital expenditures since reunification, the formerly antiquated system of the eastern part of the country has been rapidly modernized to the most advanced technology. Deutsche Telekom began rolling out FTTH networks in ten cities in 2011, following the launch of pilot projects in Hennigsdorf, Braunschweig and Dresden in 2010.
Rick Taylor
Rick Taylor (born 1969) is a former Democratic member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives for the 151st legislative district. He was elected in 2006.
Taylor attended University of Minnesota and interned for Minnesota House of Representatives and with Paul Wellstone. He earned a master's degree in Industrial and Labor Relations from Cornell University and worked as Manager of Compensation for IMS Health. He served as a member of the Ambler, Pennsylvania Borough Council prior to his election in 2006, when he defeated incumbent Eugene McGill. He lost re-election in 2010 to Republican Todd Stephens. His wife Jeanne Sorg is the current mayor of Ambler, Pennsylvania.

Ambler, Pennsylvania
Ambler is a borough in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is located approximately 16 miles (26 km) north of Center City Philadelphia.

As of the 2020 census, Ambler had a population of 6,807.
DFA minimization
In automata theory (a branch of theoretical computer science), DFA minimization is the task of transforming a given deterministic finite automaton (DFA) into an equivalent DFA that has a minimum number of states. Here, two DFAs are called equivalent if they recognize the same regular language. Several different algorithms accomplishing this task are known and described in standard textbooks on automata theory.

Edward F. Moore
Edward Forrest Moore (November 23, 1925 – June 14, 2003) was an American professor of mathematics and computer science, the inventor of the Moore finite state machine, and an early pioneer of artificial life.
AK-105
The AK-105 is a short barrel, carbine version of the AK-74M rifle, originally developed to replace the shorter barrelled AKS-74U. The AK-105 is chambered in 5.45×39mm ammunition and is used domestically by the Russian Army in contrast to other AK-100 series rifles.

The carbine is produced at Izhmash factories in Izhevsk, Russia. It is part of the AK-100 family.

Carbine
A carbine (/ˈkɑːrbiːn/ KAR-been or /ˈkɑːrbaɪn/ KAR-byn) is a long gun that has a barrel shortened from its original length. Most modern carbines are rifles that are compact versions of a longer rifle or are rifles chambered for less powerful cartridges.

The smaller size and lighter weight of carbines make them easier to handle. They are typically issued to high-mobility troops such as special operations soldiers and paratroopers, as well as to mounted, artillery, logistics, or other non-infantry personnel whose roles do not require full-sized rifles, although there is a growing tendency for carbines to be issued to front-line soldiers to offset the increasing weight of other issued equipment. An example of this is the M4 carbine, the standard issue carbine of the United States Armed Forces.
Coastal fortifications of colonial Chile
In Colonial times the Spanish Empire diverted significant resources to fortify the Chilean coast to defend against Dutch and British raids. During the 16th century the Spanish strategy was to complement the fortification work in its Caribbean ports with forts in the Strait of Magellan. As attempts at settling and fortifying the Strait of Magellan were abandoned the Spanish began to fortify the Captaincy General of Chile and other parts of the west coast of the Americas. The coastal fortifications and defense system was at its peak in the mid-18th century.

Colonial Chile
In Chilean historiography, Colonial Chile (Spanish: La colonia) is the period from 1600 to 1810, beginning with the Destruction of the Seven Cities and ending with the onset of the Chilean War of Independence. During this time, the Chilean heartland was ruled by Captaincy General of Chile. The period was characterized by a lengthy conflict between Spaniards and Native Mapuches known as the Arauco War. Colonial society was divided in distinct groups including Peninsulars, Criollos, Mestizos, Indians and Black people.

Relative to other Spanish colonies, Chile was a "poor and dangerous" place.
Mir Allahyar Talpur
Mir Allahyar Talpur (Mir Allah Yar Khan Talpur) belonged to Mankani branch of the Talpur dynasty, which ruled Southeastern Sindh. He founded the town of Tando Allahyar. Remnants of his clay fort are still of interest to visitors.  He "occupies a distinguished place in the annals of Talpur history for his contribution in the field of architecture, art and irrigation in Kachho (Dadu)."  His tomb, built in 1731 is in Drigh Bala, along with others of the Talpurs.  It features panels with battle scenes and men and women sitting and talking with their attendants.

He was the son of Mir Manak Khan, who founded Drigh Bala, and the father of Mir Massu Khan (1689–1754).

Talpur dynasty
The Talpur dynasty (Balochi: تالپور ءِ راج دفتر ءِ سرا) was a Shia Baloch dynasty established by Mir Fateh Ali Khan in 1783, after he overthrew the Kalhora dynasty. When Mian Sarfaraz Kalhora ordered the execution of the Talpur leader Mir Bahram Khan and his son Mir Sobdar Khan, it led the Talpurs to take control of Sindh and defeat the Kalhoras at the Battle of Halani. Under Talpur rule, Sindh was divided into several semi-autonomous states including Hyderabad, Khairpur, Mirpur Khas, and Tando Muhammad Khan, and the dynasty governed through a system of divided authority among different branches of the family. The Talpur period marked an important phase in Sindh’s architectural history, during which Kot Diji Fort and Faiz Mahal were constructed, and the historical Ranikot Fort also known as the Great Wall of Sindh was reconstructed.

For most of their rule, they were subordinate to the Khanate of Kalat
Maelor Way
Maelor Way is a key long distance footpath, running 38 kilometres / 24 miles from the Offa's Dyke Path National Trail at Bronygarth to the Shropshire Way, Sandstone Trail, Llangollen Canal, South Cheshire Way, and the Marches Way all at Grindley Brook near Whitchurch.

Shropshire Way
The Shropshire Way Main Route  is a waymarked long distance footpath running through the English county of Shropshire. It runs 202 miles (325 km) around the interior of the county in two loops centred on Shrewsbury, with an additional spur to Whitchurch.
Texas Hold 'Em Poker (video game)
Texas Hold 'Em Poker is a card game video game developed by Skyworks Technologies and published by Majesco Entertainment for the Game Boy Advance and Nintendo DS. The Game Boy Advance version was also released on a Twin Pack cartridge bundled with Golden Nugget Casino.

Betting in poker
In the game of poker, the play largely centers on the act of betting, and as such, a protocol has been developed to speed up play, lessen confusion, and increase security while playing. Different games are played using different types of bets, and small variations in etiquette exist between cardrooms, but for the most part the following rules and protocol are observed by the majority of poker players.
KUSD (AM)
KUSD was a non-commercial educational radio station in Vermillion, South Dakota, United States, licensed to the University of South Dakota (USD) from 1922 until 1992. It was deleted two years later after the university decided not to replace a transmission tower that had fallen and shuttered the station. At the time of its deletion, KUSD was the oldest broadcasting station in the state of South Dakota; it was the predecessor to the present radio service of South Dakota Public Broadcasting.

Vermillion, South Dakota
Vermillion (Lakota: Waséoyuze; "The Place Where Vermilion is Obtained") is a city in and the county seat of Clay County. It is in the southeastern corner of South Dakota, United States, and is the state's 12th-most populous city. According to the 2020 census, the population was 11,695. The city lies atop a bluff near the Missouri River.

The area has been home to Native American tribes for centuries. French fur traders first visited in the late 18th century. Vermillion was founded in 1859 and incorporated in 1873. The name refers to the Lakota name: wa sa wak pa'la (red stream). Home to the University of South Dakota, Vermillion has a mixed academic and rural character: the university is a major academic institution for the state, with its only law and medical schools and its only AACSB-accredited business school. Major farm products include corn, soybeans, and alfalfa.
O (Armenian letter)
O or Oh (majuscule: Օ, minuscule: օ, Armenian: օ) is the 38th letter of the reformed Armenian alphabet and the 37th letter of the classical Armenian alphabet. This letter was first noticed in a text from the year 1046 at the word փափագանօք (p'ap'aganok', longing).

Unlike many Armenian letters, O has no numeric value.
It represents the open-mid back rounded vowel /ɔ/ in both Eastern and Western Armenian.

Armenian alphabet
The Armenian alphabet (Armenian: Հայոց գրեր, romanized: Hayocʼ grer or Հայոց այբուբեն, Hayocʼ aybuben) or, more broadly, the Armenian script, is an alphabetic writing system developed for Armenian and occasionally used to write other languages. It was developed around 405 AD by Mesrop Mashtots, an Armenian linguist and ecclesiastical leader. The script originally had 36 letters. Eventually, two more were adopted in the 13th century. In the reformed Armenian orthography (1920s), the ligature և, ev, is also treated as a letter, bringing the total number of letters to 39.

The Armenian word for 'alphabet' is այբուբեն, aybuben, named after the first two letters of the Armenian alphabet: ⟨Ա⟩ այբ, ayb, and ⟨Բ⟩ բեն, ben. Armenian is written horizontally, left to right.
Khawaja Shamsuddin Khawafi
Khawaja Shamsuddin Khawafi (d. 1600) was a Mughal official who served as minister and superintendent of construction during the reign of Akbar. He served as governor of Subah of Lahore between 1598 and 1600.

He was a son of Khwaja Alauddin, a native of Khawaf, and came to India during the reign of Akbar. He soon attained a position of trust. Attock Fort was built between 1581 and 1583 under his supervision to protect the passage of the Indus. The mausolea known as Hakimon ka Maqbara were also built by him. Shamsuddin was appointed to the Punjab when Akbar set out for the Deccan in 1598. He died at Lahore in 1600, and was succeeded in his office by Zain Khan Koka.

Zain Khan Koka
Zain Khan Koka (died 1601) was a leading official in the Mughal Empire under Akbar, including serving for a time as governor of Kabul.

Zain Khan was the son of Akbar's wetnurse and thus received the title "Koka" which means foster brother. He was of Iranian heritage.  Zain Khan was a musician, besides being a failed military leader.  In 1585, he was made one of the leaders of the Mughal forces fighting to bring the Yusufzai tribe under Mughal control. But his subsequent failure at the Battle of the Malandari Pass due to undermining the strength of Yusufzai, refusal to agree with Birbal and other commanders in that battle and his run from the battle field to save his life, somewhat earned him a reputation of being an incompetent military leader. Still, in 1596, he was made governor of Kabul, likely due to him being Akbar's Foster brother.
2012 Singapore Grand Prix
The 2012 Singapore Grand Prix (officially the 2012 Formula 1 SingTel Singapore Grand Prix) was a Formula One motor race that took place at the Marina Bay Street Circuit in Marina Bay, Singapore on 23 September 2012 as the fourteenth round of the 2012 season. The race was the thirteenth time that a Singapore Grand Prix has been held, and the fifth time it was a round of the Formula One World Championship.

Lewis Hamilton started the race from pole. Sebastian Vettel won the race, his second of the season, after Hamilton's gearbox failed early in the race. Hamilton's teammate Jenson Button finished second, with championship leader Fernando Alonso rounding out the podium in third.

Marina Bay Street Circuit
The Marina Bay Street Circuit (otherwise known as the Singapore Street Circuit) is a street circuit around Marina Bay, Singapore, encompassing the planning areas of Downtown Core (Turns 4 to 19) and Kallang (Turns 1 to 3).

It is the venue for the Singapore Grand Prix. The track is 4.927 km (3.061 mi) long in a harbourside location similar in style to the Circuit de Monaco and the Valencia Street Circuit.

The circuit was designed by KBR, and is a modification of the original one first proposed by Hermann Tilke. The circuit has a FIA Grade 1 license. The circuit held a unique record of having at least one safety car appearance in every Grand Prix until the 2024 race. There has been a total of 24 safety car deployments in 16 races.
Philotheus of Sinai
Philotheus of Sinai was a Christian monk and writer who lived in Egypt. He lived sometime before 1100 – most likely during the 9th century, or possibly the 10th century. Very little is known about his life.

Nepsis
Nepsis (Greek: νῆψις) is a concept in Orthodox Christian theology. It means wakefulness or watchfulness and constitutes a condition of sobriety acquired following a period of catharsis. St. Hesychios the Priest defines nepsis as "a continual fixing and halting of thought at the entrance to the heart."
1938 Princeton Tigers football team
The 1938 Princeton Tigers football team was an American football team that represented Princeton University as an independent during the 1938 college football season. In its first season under head coach Tad Wieman, the team compiled a 3–4–1 record and outscored opponents by a total of 117 to 107. The team played its home games at Palmer Stadium in Princeton, New Jersey.

Tom Mountain was the team captain. He also received the John Prentiss Poe Cup, the team's highest award.

On February 9, 1938, Fritz Crisler announced his resignation as Princeton's head football coach in order to assume the same position at Michigan. Tad Wieman, who had served as an assistant coach under Crisler, was named days later as the school's new head coach.

Tad Wieman
Elton Ewart "Tad" Wieman (October 4, 1896 – December 26, 1971) was an American college football player and coach and athletics administrator. He played football for the University of Michigan from 1915 to 1917 and 1920 under head coach Fielding H. Yost. He was a coach and administrator at Michigan from 1921 to 1929, including two years as the school's head football coach. Wieman served as a football coach at the University of Minnesota from 1930 to 1931, Princeton University from 1932 to 1942, and Columbia University from  to 1945, and as an athletic director at the University of Maine from 1945 to 1951 and the University of Denver from 1951 to 1962. He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 1956.
Bergslagen Line
The Bergslagen Line (Swedish: Bergslagsbanan) is a railway line consisting of two sections, from Gävle via Falun, Ställdalen to Kil, Värmland, and from Ställdalen to Frövi. Although not officially, the Norway/Vänern Line is also often regarded part of the Bergslagen Line, because it was before the renaming 1990. Construction began in 1855 and the line opened in 1879.

At Kil, the line connects with the Norway/Vänern Line, the Fryksdal Line and the Värmland Line. At Borlänge, it connects to the Dala Line, at Frövi to the Freight Line through Bergslagen, and in Gävle with the Northern Main Line and the East Coast Line.

Värmland Line
The Värmland Line (Swedish: Värmlandsbanan), previously known as the Northwestern Main Line (Swedish: Nordvästra stambanan) is a 208-kilometer (129 mi) long railway line between Laxå and the Norway–Sweden border at Charlottenberg Station. In Norway, the line continues as the Kongsvinger Line.

Passenger train stops are:

Charlottenberg

Åmotfors

Arvika

Edane

Högboda

Lene

Fagerås

Kil

Karlstad C

Välsviken

Kristinehamn

Degerfors

Laxå
Maubara Administrative Post
Maubara, officially Maubara Administrative Post (Portuguese: Posto Administrativo de Maubara, Tetum: Postu administrativu Maubara), is an administrative post (and was formerly a subdistrict) in Liquiçá municipality, Timor-Leste, just west of the city of Liquiçá. Its seat or administrative centre is Vaviquinia.

Administrative posts of Timor-Leste
The municipalities of Timor-Leste are divided into 70 administrative posts (previously subdistricts until 2014) since 2024. On 1 January 2024, three new administrative posts were created, one in Liquiçá Municipality (Loes) and two in Baucau Municipality (Quelicai Antiga and Matebian)

Each administrative post is divided into several sucos. Sucos are divided into several aldeias, the smallest political division of Timor-Leste.
Vesëlaya Mountain
Veselaya Mountain is a mountain with a sharp summit (2,385 m) forming the north end of the Svarttindane Peaks in Sudliche Petermann Range, Wohlthat Mountains. It was discovered and plotted from air photos by the German Antarctic Expedition, 1938–39, and was mapped from air photos and surveys by the Norwegian Antarctic Expedition, 1956–60. It was later remapped by the Soviet Antarctic Expedition, 1960–61, and named Gora Veselaya, meaning "cheerful mountain."

This article incorporates public domain material from "Vesëlaya Mountain". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

71°38′S 12°32′E﻿ / ﻿71.633°S 12.533°E﻿ / -71.633; 12.533

Wohlthat Mountains
71°35′S 12°20′E﻿ / ﻿71.583°S 12.333°E﻿ / -71.583; 12.333
Wohlthat Mountains (German: Wohlthatmassiv) is a large group of associated mountain features consisting of the Humboldt Mountains, Petermann Ranges, and the Gruber Mountains, located immediately east of the Orvin Mountains in Fimbulheimen in the central Queen Maud Land. Discovered by the Third German Antarctic Expedition (1938–1939), led by Capt. Alfred Ritscher, and named for Prussian State Councilor Helmuth Wohlthat, who as economist and fiscal officer dealt with the organization of the expedition.

The area was reconnoitered and aerially photographed by the 5th Indian Antarctic Expedition (Nov 1985-Mar 1986) with a three-month temporary summer camp established there. The area was revisited by later Indian Antarctic expeditions.
Wulin Square station
Wulin Square (simplified Chinese: 武林广场; traditional Chinese: 武林廣場) is an interchange station between Line 1 and Line 3 of Hangzhou Metro in China. It was opened in November 2012, together with the rest of the stations on Line 1. It is located at Wulin Square in Gongshu District of Hangzhou. The station complex is one of the largest in Hangzhou with platforms that are wider than regular Hangzhou Metro stations and have provision for a paired cross-platform interchange with Line 3. In addition, the station is connected to a large underground mall.

Line 1 (Hangzhou Metro)
Line 1 of the Hangzhou Metro (Chinese: 杭州地铁一号线; pinyin: Hángzhōu Dìtiě Yī Hào Xiàn) is an arc-shaped rapid transit line running from Xianghu station in western Xiaoshan District to Xiaoshan International Airport in eastern Xiaoshan District, passing through downtown Hangzhou. The line opened on 24 November 2012. It is the oldest in the city's metro network.

The line is 52 km (32 mi) long with 33 stations.

The line is operated by Hangzhou MTR, a consortium consisting of the Hangzhou Metro, which holds a 51% share, and the Hong Kong-based MTR Corporation Ltd., which holds a 49% share. As a result, the voice of Cheri Chan Yu-yan, the announcer of the Hong Kong MTR, can be heard on the English announcements on this line.
Robbi Kempson
Robert Bruce Kempson (born 23 February 1974 in Queenstown, South Africa) is a  South African former rugby union footballer, and the Director of High Performance and interim head coach of the Southern Kings in Pro14.

He played rugby between 1994 and 2003 for Natal, Western Province and Irish side Ulster, and also played in 37 test matches and one tour match for the South Africa national team. His regular position was prop.

Eastern Province Elephants
The Eastern Province Elephants (Afrikaans: Oostelike Provinsie Olifante), known as the Multisure Eastern Province Elephants for sponsorship reasons, are a South African rugby union team that participates in the annual Currie Cup and Rugby Challenge competitions. They are governed by the Eastern Province Rugby Union (EPRU or EP Rugby). The team represents the Western half of the Eastern Cape province, and they play their home games at the Nelson Mandela Bay Stadium in Port Elizabeth.

In February 2018, the EPRU announced that the name of the team would revert to Eastern Province Elephants for the 2018 season.
Baku International School
Baku International School (BIS) is an international school located in Baku, Azerbaijan, which was established by the Quality Schools International (QSI) group in 1994. The school provides preschool education, elementary education, middle school, and secondary education. The school programs are accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools (MSA) in the United States.

As an international school, there are students from the United States, Azerbaijan, India, Poland, Greece, South Korea, Turkey, Germany, Japan, Colombia, Spain, Russia, Australia, Trinidad, and Romania.

For after-school activities, there are Boy Scouts, Girl Scouts, and ballet for preschool and elementary students. For middle and high school students, there are sports activities such as cross-country running, soccer, basketball, and track and field.

Quality Schools International
Quality Schools International (QSI) is a group of non-profit international schools offering education in the English language, in a number of countries in Europe, Asia, Africa, the Middle East, South and North America. The first school was founded in 1971. The organization's world headquarters is located in Malta. The organization's founders and co-presidents are Jim Gilson and Duane Root.
Gauri Pradhan
Gauri Pradhan Tejwani is an Indian actress and model who primarily works in Hindi television. Pradhan is best recognised for her portrayal of Gauri Agarwal Mittal in Kutumb, Nandini Thakkar Virani in Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi, Dr. Deepika Ghosh in Special Squad, Captain Shona Das in Left Right Left and Anita Sharma in Tu Aashiqui.

StarPlus
StarPlus is an Indian Hindi-language general entertainment pay television channel owned by JioStar, a joint venture between Reliance Industries, Viacom18 and Disney India. Its programming consists of family dramas, romantic comedies, youth-oriented reality shows, shows on crime and television films.
Abel Lake
Abel Lake was a small lake in the Westland region of the South Island of New Zealand. It was located in the Southern Alps, 35 kilometres (22 mi) east of Franz Josef and was fed by the Abel Glacier.  A short stream linked the lake with the Perth River. The lake was (as of May 2017) was likely displaced with alluvial / glacial rock or the outlet was lowered by natural erosion or manually by gold prospectors.

Westland District
Westland District is a territorial authority district on the West Coast of New Zealand's South Island. It is administered by the Westland District Council. The district's population is 9,270 (June 2024).