hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Vexatorella
Vexatorella  is a genus containing four species of flowering plant, commonly known as vexators, in the family Proteaceae. The genus is endemic to the Cape Floristic Region of South Africa. The name means “little trouble-maker”, given with reference to the initial difficulties of placing V. latebrosa within the family. All species are shrubs which occur in dry fynbos habitats on the fringes of the Succulent Karoo ecoregion. The inflorescences are similar to those of the related leucospermums but also share features of the leucadendrons, with the floral bracts becoming woody and enlarged following pollination. The flowers are insect-pollinated, with the seeds dispersed by ants (myrmecochory).

Leucadendron
Leucadendron is a genus of about 80 species of flowering plants in the family Proteaceae, endemic to the Cape Provinces and KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa, where they are a prominent part of the fynbos ecoregion and vegetation type.
Old Miller Hospital
The Old Miller Hospital was constructed as a single-family home located at 121 Michigan Avenue in Owosso, Michigan; it was later converted to a private hospital. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

Owosso, Michigan
Owosso (/oʊˈɒsoʊ/ oh-OS-oh) is the largest city in Shiawassee County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 14,714 at the 2020 census. It is located 29 miles (46.7 km) west of Flint, and 32 miles (51.5 km) northeast of Lansing. The city is mostly surrounded by Owosso Township on its west, but the two are administered autonomously. The city was named after Chief Wosso, an Ojibwe leader of the Shiawassee area.
Orbifold notation
In geometry, orbifold notation (or orbifold signature) is a system, invented by the mathematician William Thurston and promoted by John Conway, for representing types of symmetry groups in two-dimensional spaces of constant curvature.  The advantage of the notation is that it describes these groups in a way which indicates many of the groups' properties: in particular, it follows William Thurston in describing the orbifold obtained by taking the quotient of Euclidean space by the group under consideration.

Groups representable in this notation include the point groups on the sphere (), the frieze groups and wallpaper groups of the Euclidean plane (), and their analogues on the hyperbolic plane ().

William Thurston
William Paul Thurston (October 30, 1946 – August 21, 2012) was an American mathematician. He was a pioneer in the field of low-dimensional topology and was awarded the Fields Medal in 1982 for his contributions to the study of 3-manifolds.

Thurston was a professor of mathematics at Princeton University, University of California, Davis, and Cornell University. He was also a director of the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute.
Mongol Armenia
Mongol Armenia or Ilkhanid Armenia refers to the period beginning in the early-to-mid 13th century during which both Zakarid Armenia and the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia became tributary and vassal to the Mongol Empire and the successor Ilkhanate. Armenia and Cilicia remained under Mongol influence until around 1335.

During the time period of the later Crusades (1250s to 1260s), there was a short-lived Armenian-Mongol alliance, engaged in some combined military operations against their common enemy, the Mamluks. They succeeded in the Siege of Baghdad, but suffered defeat eight years later.

The Armenian calls for a wider Christian-Mongol alliance against Mamluk Islam, advocated notably by Hayton of Corycus, were ignored by the Latin powers in the Levant, leading to the demise of the European Crusader States and the imminent failure of the Crusades as a whole.

Templar of Tyre
Templar of Tyre (French: Templier de Tyr) is the conventional designation of the anonymous 14th-century historian who compiled the Old French chronicle known as the Deeds of the Cypriots (French: Gestes des Chiprois). The Deeds was written between about 1315 and 1320 on Cyprus and presents a history of the Crusader states and the Kingdom of Cyprus from 1132 down to 1309 as well as an account of the trials of the Templars in 1314. It is divisible into three parts and the third, which is the original work of the compiler, is the most important source for the final years of the Kingdom of Jerusalem and one of only two eyewitness accounts of the fall of Acre in 1291.
Nelson Bay Cave
Nelson Bay Cave, previously known as Wagenaar's Cave, is a coastal archaeological site in the Robberg Nature Reserve on the Robberg Peninsula in Plettenberg Bay, South Africa, about 250 km east of Cape Town. The cave is 18 meters (59 ft) wide and 35 meters (115 ft) deep, and the cave opening is 21 meters (68 ft) above mean sea level. The cave was amongst the first sites excavated in the southern Cape aimed at recording changes in terrestrial fauna caused by changes in climate and sea levels. It documents environmental changes during glacial and interglacial periods. Additionally, the cave is recognized for its Stone Age artifacts that show the transition from Middle Stone Age (MSA) to Later Stone Age (LSA) technologies. It has been regarded as a type-site (site where a particular industry, period, or any significant evidence was first studied in detail and can be used as a standard to be referenced by other sites)  of the Robberg Later Stone Age Industry.

Syncerus antiquus
Syncerus antiquus is an extinct species of buffalo from the Late Pleistocene and Holocene of Africa. It was one of the largest species in its family, potentially weighing up to 2,000 kilograms (4,400 lb). Due to this fact, it is sometimes known as the African giant buffalo, or as the long-horned buffalo due to its exceptionally long horns (see Description). The time of its extinction is of debate; Syncerus antiquus either became extinct at the end of the Late Pleistocene about 12,000 years ago or during the Holocene, some 4,000 years ago.
Mooreland Hill School
Mooreland Hill School was an independent Kindergarten to Grade 9 school located in Kensington, Connecticut.
It is a member of the Connecticut Association of Independent Schools (CAIS) and National Association of Independent Schools (NAIS).

Kensington, Connecticut
Kensington is a census-designated place (CDP) and section of the town of Berlin in Hartford County, Connecticut, United States. The Berlin town offices are located in Kensington. The population was 8,459 at the 2010 census. The Henry Hooker House is a historic home in Kensington.
Shahbaz Khan Kamboh
Shahrullah Kamboh (Persian: شهرالله کمبوه; 1529 – 11 November 1599), better known as Shahbaz Khan Kamboh (Persian: شاهباز خان کمبوه), was one of the leading generals of Mughal emperor Akbar. He participated in some of the most difficult expeditions of Akbar and annexed numerous territories to the empire. The Mughal officials boasted that he conquered countries ten times the size of Deccan. He was too orthodox a Sunni Muslim for Akbar's taste, but not only was he tolerated but also was greatly valued.  He was named "Mang Khan" (Punjabi: منگ خان) by the people of Lahore meaning "ask the Khan and it will be done" in Punjabi due to his legendary generosity. The very first 'guzar', or protective military arc, in Lahore Fort was named Guzar Shahbaz Khan (Persian: گزر شاھباز خان) known locally as Guzar Mang Khan (Urdu: گزر منگ خان).

Subahdar
Subahdar was one of the designations of a governor of a Subah (province) during the Khalji dynasty of Bengal, Mamluk dynasty, Khalji dynasty, Tughlaq dynasty, and the Mughal era who was alternately designated as Sahib-i-Subah or Nazim. The word, Subahdar is of Persian origin. The Subahdar was the head of the Mughal provincial administration. He was assisted by the provincial Diwan, Bakhshi, Faujdar, Kotwal, Qazi, Sadr, Waqa-i-Navis, Qanungo and Patwari. The Subahdars were normally appointed from among the Mughal princes or the officers holding the highest mansabs (ranks).
Curt Anderson
Curtis Stovall Anderson (born October 12, 1949) is an American politician, lawyer and former broadcast journalist. He was first elected to the Maryland House of Delegates in 1983, was the chairman of the Baltimore City Delegation, and past chairman of the Legislative Black Caucus of Maryland. After serving 12 years, he was elected again in 2002, and served until his retirement in 2023. He was a delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1992 (Clinton) and 2008 (Obama).

Supreme Court of Maryland
The Supreme Court of Maryland (previously the Maryland Court of Appeals) is the highest court of the U.S. state of Maryland. The court, which is composed of one chief justice and six associate justices, meets in the Robert C. Murphy Courts of Appeal Building in the state capital, Annapolis. The term of the Court begins the second Monday of September. The Court is unique among American courts in that the justices wear red robes.
Lighthouse (band)
Lighthouse is a Canadian rock band formed in 1969 in Toronto, Ontario, whose repertoire included elements of rock music, jazz, classical music, and swing and featured horns, string instruments, and vibraphone. They won Juno Awards for Best Canadian Group of the Year in 1972, 1973, and 1974.

Music Canada
Music Canada is a non-profit trade organization that was founded 9 April 1963 in Toronto to represent the interests of companies that record, manufacture, produce, and distribute music in Canada. It also offers benefits to some of Canada's leading independent record labels and distributors. It was known as the Canadian Record Manufacturer's Association (French: Association canadienne des fabricants de disques) until 1972 and the Canadian Recording Industry Association (CRIA) (French: Association de l'industrie canadienne de l'enregistrement) until 2011.
Ringe, Denmark
Ringe is a town with a population of 6,822 (1 January 2025) on Funen in central Denmark. It is the seat of Faaborg-Midtfyn Municipality and was the seat of the now abolished Ringe municipality. The main office of Rynkeby Foods, a major Danish producer of juice and squash, is located in Ringe.

Faaborg-Midtfyn Municipality
Faaborg-Midtfyn Municipality (Danish: Faaborg-Midtfyn Kommune; formerly Fåborg-Midtfyn) is a kommune in the Region of Southern Denmark in Denmark. It covers an area of 638 km2 and has a total population of 52,284 (2025).

On 1 January 2007 Faaborg-Midtfyn municipality was created as the result of Kommunalreformen ("The Municipal Reform" of 2007), consisting of the former municipalities of Broby, Ringe, Aarslev, Ryslinge, and Faaborg.
Subjective refraction
Subjective Refraction is a technique to determine the combination of lenses that will provide the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA). It is a clinical examination used by orthoptists, optometrists and ophthalmologists to determine a patient's need for refractive correction, in the form of glasses or contact lenses.
The aim is to improve current unaided vision or vision with current glasses.  Glasses must also be comfortable visually. The sharpest final refraction is not always the final script the patient wears comfortably.

Jackson cross cylinder
The Jackson cross cylinder (JCC) is an instrument used by ophthalmologists, orthoptists and optometrists in their routine eye examination, particularly in determination of corrective lens power in patients with astigmatism. It is also used for testing near point of the eye.
2010 Lambertz Open by STAWAG
The 2010 Lambertz Open by STAWAG was a professional tennis tournament played on carpet. It was the 20th edition of the tournament which is part of the 2010 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Aachen, Germany between 8 and 14 November 2010.

2010 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour is the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2010 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprises 13 top tier Tretorn SERIE+ tournaments, and approximately 150 regular series tournaments, with prize money ranging from $35,000 up to $150,000.
Concangis
Concangis was an auxiliary castra in the Roman province of Lower Britain (Britannia Inferior). Its ruins are located in Chester-le-Street, County Durham, in England, and are now known as Chester-le-Street Roman Fort. It is situated 6 miles (10 km) north of the city of Durham and 8 miles (13 km) south of Newcastle upon Tyne.

Lewis (lifting appliance)
A lewis (sometimes called a lewisson) is one of a category of lifting devices used by stonemasons to lift large stones into place with a crane, chain block, or winch. It is inserted into a specially prepared hole, or seating, in the top of a stone, preferably above its centre of mass. It works by applying principles of the lever and utilises the weight of the stone to act on the long lever-arms, which in turn results in a very high reaction force and friction where the short lever-arms make contact with the stone inside the hole and thereby prevents slipping.
2nd European Political Community Summit
The Second European Political Community Summit was a meeting of the European Political Community held on 1 June 2023 at Mimi Castle, Bulboaca, 35 kilometres (22 miles) from Chișinău, Moldova. It was attended by forty-five heads of states and governments, as well as leaders of European Union institutions.

Summit (meeting)
A summit or summit meeting is an international meeting of heads of state or government, usually with considerable media exposure, tight security, and a prearranged agenda.

Notable summit meetings include those of Franklin D. Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, and Joseph Stalin during World War II, although the term summit was not commonly used for such meetings until the 1955 Geneva Summit. During the Cold War, when American presidents joined with Soviet or Chinese counterparts for one-on-one meetings, the media labelled the event as a summit. The post–Cold War era has produced an increase in the number of events described as summits. International summits are now the most common expression for global governance. Summit diplomacy fosters interpersonal trust between leaders and reinforces system trust in the state-as-person construct, which is identified as the implicit glue holding the international system together.
Roger Salengro
Roger Henri Charles Salengro (30 May 1890 – 18 November 1936) was a French politician. He achieved fame as Minister of the Interior during the Popular Front government in 1936. He committed suicide a few months after taking office, after being hounded by a calumny campaign orchestrated by extreme right-wing newspapers.

Minister of the Interior (France)
The Minister of the Interior (French: Ministre de l'Intérieur, pronounced [ministʁ d(ə) lɛ̃teʁjœʁ]) is the interior minister of the government of France, traditionally responsible for internal security and territorial administration. The minister ensures the maintenance and cohesion of the country's institutions throughout its national territory.

The current Minister of the Interior is Laurent Nuñez, who has held the position since 12 October 2025 under Prime Minister Sébastien Lecornu.
Saddle joint
A saddle joint (sellar joint, articulation by reciprocal reception) is a type of synovial joint in which the opposing surfaces are reciprocally concave and convex. It is found in the thumb, the thorax, the middle ear, and the heel.

Synovial joint
A synovial joint, also known as diarthrosis, joins bones or cartilage with a fibrous joint capsule that is continuous with the periosteum of the joined bones, constitutes the outer boundary of a synovial cavity, and surrounds the bones' articulating surfaces. This joint unites long bones and permits free bone movement and greater mobility. The synovial cavity/joint is filled with synovial fluid. The joint capsule is made up of an outer layer of fibrous membrane, which keeps the bones together structurally, and an inner layer, the synovial membrane, which seals in the synovial fluid.

They are the most common and most movable type of joint in the body. As with most other joints, synovial joints achieve movement at the point of contact of the articulating bones. They originated 400 million years ago in the first jawed vertebrates.
Wesley L. Harris
Wesley L. Harris is an American aerospace engineer and the Charles Stark Draper Professor of Aeronautics and Astronautics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He has been awarded honorary doctorates by Milwaukee School of Engineering, Lane College and Old Dominion University.

Harris was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 1995 for contributions to understanding of helicopter rotor noise, for encouragement of minorities in engineering, and for service to the aeronautical industry. His research interests include unsteady aerodynamics, aeroacoustics, and sickle cell disease and has authored over 130 technical papers.

American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
The American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) is a professional society for the field of aerospace engineering. The AIAA is the U.S. representative on the International Astronautical Federation and the International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences. In 2015, it had more than 30,000 members among aerospace professionals worldwide (a majority are American or live in the United States).
2022 Cinemalaya
The 18th Cinemalaya Independent Film Festival was held from August 5–14, 2022 in Metro Manila, Philippines, with the theme being "Breaking Through the Noise". A total of eleven full-length features and twelve short films competed. The festival was opened by the film Leonor Will Never Die by Martika Ramirez Escobar and its closing film was Delikado by Karl Malakunas and We Don't Dance for Nothing by Stefanos Tai. This year marks the return of the full-length category as well as the festival's return to on-site screening since the breakout of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Cinemalaya
The Cinemalaya Philippine Independent Film Festival, more commonly known as Cinemalaya, is a film festival in the Philippines held annually traditionally at the Cultural Center of the Philippines Complex as well as well as other select cinemas since 2011.

Established in 2005, Cinemalaya's aim is the development and promotion of Filipino independent films. The film festival is organized by the Cinemalaya Foundation, Inc. with the support of the Cultural Center of the Philippines and Econolink Investments, Inc.

The organizing committee, headed by veteran Filipino director and actress Laurice Guillen, oversees the production of the films and the festival.
Athens Internet Exchange
The Athens Internet Exchange was until January 2010 the main Internet Exchange Point in Greece, offering peering connectivity between the largest commercial ISPs as well as the academic network organization, GRNET. Operational authorities were GRNET along with the Network Operations Centre of the National Technical University of Athens. It operated under the auspices of the Hellenic National Telecommunications and Posts Committee the Greek regulator.

AIX members were the following ISPs:

GRNET

Forthnet

Hellas OnLine

Altec Telecoms

Net One

Vivodi

Verizon Hellas

On Telecoms

Otenet

ORANGE BUSINESS SERVICES

AT&T Global Network Services Hellas

Vodafone NET

Wind

Tellas

Lannet

AIX was a founding member of European Internet Exchange Association (Euro-IX)

In January 2010, AIX was replaced by the Greek Internet Exchange.

Internet in Greece
Internet in Greece reached an 82% usage rate among individuals in 2022, yet it slightly trails behind the European Union averages in digital skills among individuals aged 16–74, as highlighted in the European Commission's Digital Decade Country Report 2023. In an effort to bridge this gap and enhance digital proficiency across the nation, Greece implemented the "Works Again" law in April 2022. This law is designed to modernize the Public Employment Service, aligning it more closely with the demands of the labor market and vocational training needs. Additionally, Greece has launched a strategic initiative for Vocational Education and Training (VET) and lifelong learning. This initiative aims to revamp educational curricula to include digital and green skills.
United States Bureau of Efficiency
The United States Bureau of Efficiency was a bureau under the United States federal government from 1916 to 1933. The Woodrow Wilson administration established this bureau for creating efficiency ratings "for the classified service in the several executive departments in the District of Columbia". Prior to 1916, its efforts had been organized under the Division of Efficiency within the United States Civil Service Commission. The bureau was discontinued by the newly inaugurated Franklin D. Roosevelt early in his presidency in 1933.

In 1915, Woodrow Wilson, then president of the United States, appointed Herbert D. Brown to head the bureau.

United States Civil Service Commission
The United States Civil Service Commission was a government agency of the federal government of the United States. It was created to select employees of federal government on merit rather than relationships. In 1979, it was dissolved as part of the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978; the Office of Personnel Management and the Merit Systems Protection Board are the successor agencies.
Cephalotes placidus
Cephalotes placidus is a species of arboreal ant of the genus Cephalotes, characterized by an odd shaped head, and the ability to "parachute" by steering their fall if they drop off of the tree they're on. Giving their name also as gliding ants.

Cephalotes
Cephalotes is a genus of tree-dwelling ant species from the Americas, commonly known as turtle ants. All appear to be gliding ants, with the ability to "parachute" and steer their fall so as to land back on the tree trunk rather than fall to the ground, which is often flooded.
Nandi Awards of 2014
Nandi Awards for the year 2014 announced by Andhra Pradesh Government on 14 November 2017. The Nandamuri Balakrishna starrer Legend emerged as a big winner by winning eight awards for the year. The NTR National award for the year was conferred upon actor Kamal Haasan.

Nandi Awards
The Nandi Awards were annual awards presented by the Government of Andhra Pradesh to recognise excellence in Telugu cinema, theatre, and television, as well as lifetime achievements in Indian cinema. The awards were named after the monolithic sculpture of the sacred bull in Hinduism, Nandi, at Lepakshi, a cultural and historical symbol of the Telugu people.

The Nandi Awards were categorised into four levels: Swarnam (Gold), Rajatam (Silver), Kamsyam (Bronze), and Raagi (Copper). In addition to film and television awards, the government also presented the Nandi Natakotsavam Awards to honour outstanding contributions in social, mythological, and poetic dramas in Telugu theatre.
Machi Esports
Machi Esports was a professional esports organization founded by Taiwanese hip hop group Machi. Machi previously had a League of Legends team competing in the League of Legends Master Series (LMS) and later the Pacific Championship Series (PCS), as well as an academy team competing in the Elite Challenger Series (ECS) named MachiX.

League of Legends Master Series
The League of Legends Master Series (LMS) was a professional League of Legends league with teams from Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macau from 2015 to 2019. Eight teams competed over two seasons to qualify for the League of Legends World Championship. In September 2019, Riot announced that the LMS would merge with the League of Legends SEA Tour (LST) to create a new professional league for all Garena-affiliated regions except Vietnam, the Pacific Championship Series (PCS).