hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Entropy unit
The entropy unit is a non-S.I. unit of thermodynamic entropy, usually denoted by "e.u." or "eU" and equal to one calorie per kelvin per mole, or 4.184 joules per kelvin per mole.  Entropy units are primarily used in chemistry to describe enthalpy changes.

Joule
The joule (/dʒuːl/ JOOL, or /dʒaʊl/ JOWL; symbol: J) is the unit of energy in the International System of Units (SI). In terms of SI base units, one joule corresponds to one kilogram-metre squared per second squared (1 J = 1 kg⋅m2⋅s−2). One joule is equal to the amount of work done when a force of one newton displaces a body through a distance of one metre in the direction of that force. It is also the energy dissipated as heat when an electric current of one ampere passes through a resistance of one ohm for one second. It is named after the English physicist James Prescott Joule (1818–1889).
Listed buildings in Ratcliffe-on-Soar
Ratcliffe-on-Soar is a civil parish in the Rushcliffe district of Nottinghamshire, England.  The parish contains four listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  Of these, one is listed at Grade I, the highest of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.  The parish contains the village of Ratcliffe-on-Soar and the surrounding area.  The listed buildings consist of a church, a farmhouse, a bridge and a canal lock, and a pair of railway tunnel portals.

Borough of Rushcliffe
Rushcliffe is a local government district with borough status in south Nottinghamshire, England. Its council is based in West Bridgford. The borough also includes the towns of Bingham and Cotgrave as well as numerous villages and surrounding rural areas. Some of the built-up areas in the north-west of the borough, including West Bridgford, form part of the Nottingham Urban Area.

The neighbouring districts are Broxtowe, Nottingham, Gedling, Newark and Sherwood, Melton, Charnwood, North West Leicestershire and Erewash.
Lemuel Allen Farm
Lemuel Allen Farm is a historic home and farm located in Madison Township, Jefferson County, Indiana.  The farmhouse was built in 1877, and is a 1+1⁄2-story, central passage plan, vernacular Italianate style brick dwelling. It features a side-gabled roof sheathed in slate shingles with triple-embedded and diamond patterns in red on either side of the front-gable on the façade. Also on the property are the contributing privy and large, transverse-frame basement barn, built around 1877, and a silo, the workshop, the granary, the garage, the feed shed, and a tool shed, all dated to the 1920s.: 4–5

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2016.

Silo
A silo (from Ancient Greek  σιρός (sirós) 'pit for holding grain') is a structure for storing bulk materials.

Silos are commonly used for bulk storage of grain, coal, cement, carbon black, woodchips, food products and sawdust. Three types of silos are in widespread use today: tower silos, bunker silos, and bag silos.

Silos are used in agriculture to store fermented feed known as silage.
The Bird of Happiness (film)
The Bird of Happiness (Spanish: El pájaro de la felicidad) is a 1993 Spanish drama film directed by Pilar Miró. It was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1993 Cannes Film Festival.

It was nominated for the 1994 Goya Awards for Best Cinematography and Best Sound and won the Best Cinematography award (José Luis Alcaine).

1993 Cannes Film Festival
The 46th Cannes Film Festival took place from 13 to 24 May 1993. French filmmaker Louis Malle served as jury president for the main competition. French actress Jeanne Moreau hosted the opening and closing ceremonies.

The Palme d'Or was jointly award to Chinese filmmaker Chen Kaige for the drama film Farewell My Concubine and New Zealand filmmaker Jane Campion for the drama film The Piano. Campion became the first woman to ever win the festival's top prize.

The festival opened with My Favorite Season by André Téchiné, and closed with Toxic Affair by Philomène Esposito.
Phoridae
The Phoridae are a family of small, hump-backed flies resembling fruit flies. Phorid flies can often be identified by their escape habit of running rapidly across a surface rather than taking flight. This behaviour is a source of one of their alternate names, scuttle fly. Another vernacular name, coffin fly, refers to Conicera tibialis.  About 4,000 species are known in 230 genera. The most well-known species is cosmopolitan Megaselia scalaris. At 0.4 mm in length, the world's smallest fly is the phorid Euryplatea nanaknihali.

Royal Entomological Society Handbooks
Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects is a series of books produced by the Royal Entomological Society (RES). The aim of the Handbooks is to provide illustrated identification keys to the insects of Britain, together with concise morphological, biological and distributional information. The series also includes several Check Lists of British Insects. All books contain line drawings, with the most recent volumes including colour photographs. In recent years, new volumes in the series have been published by Field Studies Council, and benefit from association with the AIDGAP identification guides and Synopses of the British Fauna.
Sivaganga estate
The estate of Sivaganga, as per British records also known as Kingdom of the Lesser Marava, was a permanently settled zamindari estate in the Ramnad sub-division of Madura district, Madras Presidency, British India. Along the estate of Ramnad, it formed one of the two zamindari estates of Ramnad subdivision.

The Sivaganga Kingdom was ruled by a branch of the Marava royal family of Ramnad till 1790 by Rani Velu Nachiyar. After her death, Maruthu brothers ruled the kingdom from 1790–1801. After their death, the kingdom was reduced to a zamindari by the British in 1803. The zamindari was abolished through socialist reform on India's independence.

Ramanathapuram
Ramanathapuram (pronunciationⓘ), also known as Ramnad, is a city Municipal Corporation in Ramanathapuram district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is the administrative headquarters of Ramanathapuram district and the second largest town (by population) in Ramanathapuram district.
Hayat Sharara
Hayat Sharara (Arabic:حياة شرارة ; c.1935 – August 1, 1997) was an Iraqi writer, translator and educator.

She was born in Najaf. Her family moved to Baghdad in the mid-1940s. Sharara graduated from high school and completed her baccalaureate but could not attend Baghdad University because she was unable to obtain the necessary certificate of good conduct due to her political activism. She was told that she must join the Ba'ath Party if she wished to keep her university job. After she refused, she was transferred to a job as an interpreter for the Ministry of Industry.

Sharara and her daughter Maha, who had also been discriminated against in hiring due to her mother's political activism, committed suicide in 1997.

Her semi-autobiographical novel Idha al-Ayyam Aghsaqat ("When darkness falls"), which she completed shortly before her death, was published posthumously in 2000.  Her sister wrote an introduction, which was translated into English.

Najaf
Najaf is the capital city of the eponymous Najaf Governorate in central Iraq, about 160 km (99 mi) south of Baghdad. Its estimated population in 2024 was about 1.41 million people. It is widely considered amongst the holiest cities of Shia Islam and one of its spiritual capitals, as well as the center of Shia political power in Iraq.

It is the burial place of Muhammad's son in law and cousin, ‘Alī ibn Abī Tālib, and thus a major pilgrimage destination for Shia Muslims. The largest cemetery in the world (Wadi-us-Salaam) and the oldest Shi'a Islamic seminary in the world (Hawza of Najaf) are located in Najaf.
Ralph Baker Jr.
Ralph Durwood Baker Jr. (February 3, 1945 – July 16, 2008) was an American broadcaster and actor. He was known for being a co-host of The Group and Chapman and Sump'n Else shows on WFAA-TV. He was known for being a DJ and announcer at KLIF-AM, one of the first Top 40 radio stations. Ralph was a "Teen Idol" broadcaster in the 1960s and was heard and seen in many television and radio commercials as well. In the mid-1960s he became known as "The Sanger-Harris Man" and was an official model for the Sanger-Harris department store. He starred in Night Fright, a 1967 American science-fiction film that was shot near Dallas, Texas.

Night Fright
Night Fright is a 1967 American science-fiction horror film directed by James A. Sullivan that was shot near Dallas, Texas.

In the early 1980s, the film was re-titled in the United Kingdom for VHS release as E.T.N.: The Extraterrestrial Nastie, E.T.N.: The Extraterrestrial Nasty, The Extraterrestrial Nastie and The Extraterrestrial Nasty .
Blues Funeral
Blues Funeral is the seventh studio album by American alternative rock musician Mark Lanegan, released on February 6, 2012, on 4AD. The album was recorded with producer Alain Johannes throughout early 2011 and Johannes, as well as other musicians including Greg Dulli,  David Catching and Jack Irons, contributed to the recording process. Blues Funeral was announced for release on November 7, 2011, through Lanegan's official website and less than a month later, the album's lead single, "The Gravedigger's Song," was released as a digital download on iTunes.

Aside from collaborative albums with Isobel Campbell, and other collaboration projects including Soulsavers and The Gutter Twins, Blues Funeral was Mark Lanegan's  first new material in eight years, since Bubblegum (2004) Upon its release, Blues Funeral received widespread critical acclaim and charted in six countries within the week of its release, including Belgium, the Netherlands, Sweden, New Zealand and the United Kingdom.

Alain Johannes
Alain Johannes Mociulski (born May 2, 1962) is a Chilean-American multi-instrumentalist and vocalist, whose primary instruments are guitar and bass. He is a founding member of several bands, including the alternative rock group Eleven, and has been involved with acts such as hard rock band Queens of the Stone Age, Them Crooked Vultures, PJ Harvey, Chris Cornell, Arctic Monkeys, Mark Lanegan and The Desert Sessions, both as a musician and as a producer.

Alain Johannes is a nephew of Chilean nueva ola musician Peter Rock.  He was born in Santiago. He was married to Natasha Shneider from 1987 until her death in 2008.
Todi Columns
The Todi Columns are four Corten steel columns designed by the American artist Beverly Pepper, and now installed at the Beverly Pepper park located on Via Valle Inferiore #6 in Todi, region of Umbria, Italy. The site is part of the Parco della Rocca: a park built at the ruins of a 14th-century castle, of which a crumbling round former stone keep (donjon) rises a few yards from the columns. The park has a view south and east along a valley of the Tiber river.

Umbria
Umbria (/ˈʌmbriə/ UM-bree-ə; Italian: [ˈumbrja]) is a region of central Italy. It includes Lake Trasimeno and Marmore Falls, and is crossed by the Tiber. It is the only landlocked region on the Apennine Peninsula. The capital is Perugia. The region has 851,954 inhabitants as of 2025.

The region is characterized by hills, mountains, thick forests, valleys and historical towns such as the university centre of Perugia, Assisi (a World Heritage Site associated with St. Francis of Assisi), Terni, Norcia, Città di Castello, Gubbio, Spoleto, Orvieto, Todi, Castiglione del Lago, Narni, Amelia, Spello and other small cities.
Yiwenzhi
The "Yiwenzhi", or "Treatise on Literature", is the bibliographical section of the Book of Han authored by the Chinese historian Ban Gu (32–92 AD), who completed the work begun by his father Ban Biao. The bibliographical catalog is the last of its ten treatises, and scroll 30 of the 100 scrolls comprising the Hanshu.

The basis for the catalog came from the "Qilüe" (七略) by Liu Xin (c. 46 BCE – 23 CE), which gives detailed bibliographical information about holdings in the Imperial Library, which itself was an extension on Bielu (別錄) by Liu Xin's father Liu Xiang, on which the two had collaborated. The catalog provides important insights into the literature of the various Chinese intellectual currents of the pre-Qin period (Nine Schools of Thought), of which only some 20% are presently known.

Book of Han
The Book of Han (Chinese: 漢書), finished in 111 CE, is one of the Twenty-Four Histories and covers the Western, or Former Han dynasty from the first emperor in 206 BCE to the fall of Wang Mang in 23 CE. The work was composed by Ban Gu (32–92 CE), an Eastern Han court official, with the help of his sister Ban Zhao, continuing the work of their father, Ban Biao. They modelled their work on the Records of the Grand Historian (c. 91 BCE), a cross-dynastic general history, but theirs was the first in this annals-biography form to cover a single dynasty. It is the best source, sometimes the only one, for many topics such as literature in this period. The Book of Han is also called the Book of the Former Han (前漢書; Qián Hàn shū) to distinguish it from the Book of the Later Han (後漢書; Hòu Hàn shū) which covers the Eastern Han period (25–220 CE), and was composed in the fifth century by Fan Ye (398–445 CE).
Kentucky Railway Museum
The Kentucky Railway Museum, now located in New Haven, Kentucky, United States, is a non-profit railroad museum dedicated to educating the public regarding the history and heritage of Kentucky's railroads and the people who built them.  Originally created in 1954 in Louisville, Kentucky, the museum is at its third location, in extreme southern Nelson County.  It is one of the oldest railroad stations in the United States.

The museum owns four steam locomotives, twelve diesel locomotives and over a hundred pieces of rolling stock.  Four of the pieces are separately on the National Register of Historic Places: the Louisville and Nashville Steam Locomotive No. 152, the Louisville and Nashville Combine Car Number 665, the Mt. Broderick Pullman Lounge-Obs-Sleeping Car, and the Frankfort and Cincinnati Model 55 Rail Car.

Nelson County, Kentucky
Nelson County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 46,738. Its county seat is Bardstown. Nelson County comprises the Bardstown, KY Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Louisville/Jefferson County-Elizabethtown-Madison, KY-IN Combined Statistical Area.
John Sturgess
John Sturgess (fl. 1864–1903) was a hunting and racing artist and lithographer who worked mainly for the Illustrated London News between 1875 and 1885, and also exhibited widely in the London galleries, in particular at the Royal Society of British Artists and also at the Royal Hibernian Society in Dublin. He was known for being an accomplished illustrator of books and magazines, but is probably best remembered for his portrait of "Blair Athol", the winner of the Derby in 1864.

The Illustrated London News
The Illustrated London News, founded by Herbert Ingram and first published on Saturday 14 May 1842, was the world's first illustrated weekly news magazine. The magazine was published weekly for most of its existence, switched to a less frequent publication schedule in 1971, and eventually ceased publication in 2003. The company continues today as Illustrated London News Ltd, a publishing, content, and digital agency in London, which holds the publication and business archives of the magazine.
George Shingler
George Shingler (15 May 1882 – 5 May 1946) was an English cricketer. Shingler was a right-handed batsman whose bowling style is unknown. He was born in Leicester, Leicestershire.

Shingler made his first-class debut for Leicestershire against Lancashire in the 1920 County Championship at Aylestone Road, Leicester. He made three further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Glamorgan in the 1921 County Championship. In his four first-class matches, he scored a total of 76 runs at an average of 9.50, with a high score of 26.

He died at Queniborough, Leicestershire on 5 May 1946.

Aylestone Road
Aylestone Road, now also known as the Leicester Electricity Sports Cricket Ground, is a cricket ground in Leicester, England, which was the headquarters of Leicestershire County Cricket Club from 1901 to 1939. Although the playing area is much reduced by housing and commercial developments, it is still used as a cricket ground, though not by the county team.
Music of Greenland
The music of Greenland is a mixture of two primary strands, Inuit and Danish, mixed with influences from the United States and United Kingdom.

Greenland's musical character has been described as "definitely a rock country, both musically and literally" according to Greenlandic drummer Hans Rosenberg.  The Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs describes all Greenlandic music except the drum dances as influenced by external styles.

Nuuk Posse
Nuuk Posse is a hip hop group from Greenland.  The group, whose members are Inuit, formed in 1985 under a different name, finally taking the name Nuuk Posse in 1991.  Nuuk Posse is multilingual, rapping in Kalaallisut, English, and Danish.

The group's members include Andreas Hojgaard (human beatbox), Lars Sørensen (rap), Peter Motzfeldt (rap, music), Henrik Pedersen (rap), Thomas Hansen (rap), and John Olsen (rap, lyrics).  They released their first single, "Sussa Appinnagu" in 1992. Their first album, NP, was released in 1995. In 1996 they released their album Kaataq through the Belgian label Sub Rosa.

Nuuk Posse has toured in various countries, including Sweden, Germany, Spain, Belgium, and Canada, but never in Denmark.
The group were awarded the cultural prize of Greenland in 1995, and they were nominated as "Messengers of Truth" by the United Nations in 2004.
Pro Moves Soccer
Pro Moves Soccer is a soccer video game developed by Danish studios BGS Developments and ZAT Productions and published by ASCII Entertainment for the Sega Genesis in North America. The game was released in 1993, and was based on the fictional Asciiware World Sports league.

Penalty card
Penalty cards are used in many sports as a means of warning, reprimanding or penalising a player, coach or team official. Penalty cards are most commonly used by referees or umpires to indicate that a player has committed an offence. The official will hold the card above their head while looking or pointing toward the player who has committed the offence. This action makes the decision clear to all players, as well as spectators and other officials in a manner that is language-neutral. The colour or shape of the card used by the official indicates the type or seriousness of the offence and the level of punishment that is to be applied. Yellow and red cards are the most common, typically indicating, respectively, cautions and dismissals.
Matanzas State Forest
The Matanzas State Forest is in the U.S. state of Florida. The 4,699-acre (19 km2) forest is located in northeastern Florida, near St. Augustine, though it is closer to Crescent Beach. Matanzas State Forest is bordered approximately by U.S. 1 to the west, State Road 206 to the north, the Matanzas River to the east, and the Faver-Dykes State Park to the south.

Besides being owned by the Florida State Division of Forestry, Matanzas State Forest is also co-managed in cooperation with the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission and the St. Johns River Water Management District.

First Coast
Florida's First Coast, or simply the First Coast, is the Atlantic coast of North Florida in the United States. It is the same general area as the directional region of Northeast Florida. It consists roughly of the counties abutting Jacksonville: Duval, Baker, Clay, Nassau, and St. Johns—and nearby Flagler County and Putnam County. The "First Coast" name originated in a marketing campaign in the 1980s, and has become part of Florida's regional vernacular. It is so named due to its history as the first European settlement in what is now the mainland United States, at Fort Caroline, Florida, in 1564.
The Scribbler (film)
The Scribbler is a 2014 American science fiction thriller film directed by John Suits and written by Daniel Schaffer, based on his own graphic novel of same name. The film stars Katie Cassidy, Garret Dillahunt, Michelle Trachtenberg, Michael Imperioli, Gina Gershon, Sasha Grey, Kunal Nayyar, Ashlynn Yennie, Eliza Dushku, and Billy Campbell.

Gina Gershon
Gina L. Gershon (/ˈɡɜːrʃɒn/; born June 10, 1962) is an American actress and singer. She has starred in such films as Cocktail (1988), Red Heat (1988), Showgirls (1995), Bound (1996), Face/Off (1997), The Insider (1999), Demonlover (2002), P.S. I Love You (2007), Five Minarets in New York (2010), Killer Joe (2011), and House of Versace (2013). She has also had supporting roles in FX's Rescue Me and HBO's How to Make It in America. Additionally, she portrayed Jughead's mom Gladys Jones on The CW teen drama series Riverdale and Lauren Bloom's mother Jeanie Bloom on the NBC medical series New Amsterdam.
Jewish Cemetery, Kielce
The Jewish Cemetery (also known as the Pakosz Cemetery) is located in the Pakosz District of Kielce, Poland, at the intersections of Pakosz Dolny and Kusocińskiego Streets. It has an area of 3.12 hectares. There are about 330 tombstones saved and preserved inside the necropolis, of which about 150 are arranged in the form of a lapidary monument. The cemetery is closed to visitors without special permit.

Necropolis
A necropolis (pl.: necropolises, necropoles, necropoleis, necropoli) is a large, designed cemetery with elaborate tomb monuments. The name stems from the Ancient Greek νεκρόπολις nekropolis (lit. 'city of the dead').

The term usually implies a separate burial site at a distance from a city, as opposed to tombs within cities, which were common in various places and periods of history. They are different from grave fields, which did not have structures or markers above the ground. While the word is most commonly used for ancient sites, the name was revived in the early 19th century and applied to planned city cemeteries, such as the Glasgow Necropolis.
2020–21 Vijay Hazare Trophy Group B
The 2020–21 Vijay Hazare Trophy was the 19th season of the Vijay Hazare Trophy, a List A cricket tournament in India. It was contested by 38 teams, divided into six groups, with six teams in Group B. Andhra Pradesh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, Tamil Nadu and Vidarbha were placed in Group B, with all the matches taking place in Indore.

On the opening day of the tournament, Jharkhand made the highest total in the Vijay Hazare Trophy. However, this was beaten five days later, when Mumbai made 457/4 against Puducherry. Andhra Pradesh won Group B to qualify for the knockout stage of the tournament.

Mumbai cricket team
The Mumbai cricket team is a cricket team which represents Mumbai in Indian domestic cricket. It is governed by Mumbai Cricket Association. Its home ground is Wankhede Stadium in Mumbai.

The team also plays its home matches at Bandra Kurla Complex Ground and Brabourne Stadium. The team comes under the West Zone designation. It was formerly known as the Bombay cricket team, but changed its name when the city was renamed from Bombay to Mumbai.

Mumbai is the most successful team in the history of Ranji Trophy, India's premier domestic cricket competition, with 42 titles. Its most recent title was in 2023–24. It also has won 14 (and 1 shared) Irani Cups.

Mumbai has produced some of the greatest Indian cricketers of all time, such as Sachin Tendulkar, Sunil Gavaskar,  Ajinkya Rahane, Rohit Sharma, Shreyas Iyer, Vijay Merchant, Polly Umrigar, and Dilip Vengsarkar.