hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Caledonia Township, Kent County, Michigan
Caledonia Charter Township is a charter township of Kent County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 15,811 at the 2020 census, an increase from 12,332 at the 2010 census.

The township was organized as a survey township in 1838.  It is part of the Grand Rapids metropolitan area and is located about 10 miles (16 km) southeast of the city of Grand Rapids.

Thornapple River
The Thornapple River (Ottawa: Sowanquesake, "Forked River") (GNIS ID #1075813) is an 88.1-mile-long (141.8 km) tributary of Michigan's longest river, the Grand River. The Thornapple rises in Eaton County, Michigan and drains a primarily rural farming area in Central Michigan. It joins the Grand in Ada, Michigan, 10 miles (16 km) east of Grand Rapids.
Sandrine Josso
Sandrine Josso (born 19 September 1975) is a French politician who has been serving as a member of the French National Assembly since the 2017 elections, representing the department of Loire-Atlantique.

In parliament, Josso served on the Committee on Social Development and Spatial Planning from 2017 until 2019 before moving to the Committee on Cultural Affairs and Education.

From 2017 until 2019, Josso was a member of La République En Marche! (LREM) and therefore part of its parliamentary group. She quit the LREM group and joined the Liberties and Territories group in 2019. She was one of the founding members of The New Democrats in 2020. She then moved to the MoDem group in 2020.

In November 2023, Josso claimed that her drink was spiked with ecstasy by senator Joël Guerriau. After a trial, Guerriau was convicted and sentenced to four years' imprisonment in 2026.

The Democrats group
The Democrats group (French: Groupe Les Démocrates), known as the Democratic, MoDem and Independents group (French: Groupe démocrate, MoDem et indépendants) until 2024, is a parliamentary group in the National Assembly of France including representatives of the Democratic Movement (MoDem).

Formed following the 2017 legislative election, it is currently the fifth-largest group in the National Assembly.
Armoured bus
An armoured bus or armored bus is a type of bus which provides increased protection for passengers, usually against small arms and improvised explosive devices. The bus can be a stock commercial bus with retro-fitted vehicle armour as well as bulletproof glass, or a specially built military armoured vehicle. Lighter armoured buses are also used for prisoner transport.

Prisoner transport
Prisoner transport is the transportation of prisoners from one secure location to another. It may be carried out by law enforcement agencies or private contractors such as Prisoner Transportation Services.

To extradite a suspected or convicted criminal from one jurisdiction to another, a rendition aircraft may be used, although the high cost involved means that it is normally used only to transport the most dangerous of prisoners; more commonly, a person convicted of a non violent crime with low risk of escape would be put onto a commercial airliner, albeit escorted by law enforcement officers. One notable example of a prisoner transported on a commercial airliner was that of Christopher Tappin, a Briton extradited to the United States in February 2012 to face American charges of selling arms parts to Iran. Tappin was flown on United Airlines flights from London Heathrow Airport to El Paso, Texas via Houston accompanied, but not handcuffed, by US Marshals at all times.
Jensenism
Jensenism is a term coined by New York Times writer Lee Edson. Named after educational psychologist Arthur Jensen, it was originally defined as "the theory that IQ is largely determined by the genes". The term was coined after Jensen published the article "How Much Can We Boost IQ and Scholastic Achievement?" in the Harvard Educational Review in 1969. It has since been included in several dictionaries.

Arthur Jensen
Arthur Robert Jensen (August 24, 1923 – October 22, 2012) was an American psychologist and writer. He was a professor of educational psychology at the University of California, Berkeley.  Jensen was known for his work in psychometrics and differential psychology, the study of how and why individuals differ behaviorally from one another.

He was a major proponent of the hereditarian position in the nature and nurture debate, the position that genetics play a significant role in behavioral traits, such as intelligence and personality. He was the author of over 400 scientific papers published in refereed journals and sat on the editorial boards of the scientific journals Intelligence and Personality and Individual Differences.

Jensen was controversial, largely for his conclusions regarding the causes of race-based differences in IQ.
Herbert Addo
Herbert Addo (24 June 1951 – 24 March 2017) was a Ghanaian Premier League football coach. He was born in Accra. He coached Hasaacas, Asante Kotoko, Ashanti Gold, Hearts of Oak, Aduana Stars and Inter Allies. He also coached Gabonese club Shellsport now Mbilinga.

2010 WAFU Nations Cup
The 2010 WAFU Nations Cup was the first edition of the WAFU Nations Cup, an association football tournament organised by the West African Football Union. The tournament was also held in 2002, but that edition was cancelled due to the civil war in the host nation Ivory Coast. The 2010 edition was held in Nigeria and was competed by eight national football team selections using only players from local leagues. The event took place between 9 and 18 April 2010 and was sponsored by ECOWAS.

The matches took place at two stadiums; Gateway International Stadium (Ijebu-Ode) and the MKO Abiola Stadium (Abeokuta).
Jaú (footballer)
Euclydes Barbosa, known by the nickname Jaú (Portuguese: [ʒaˈu]; December 17, 1909, São Paulo – February 26, 1988) was an association footballer who played in the central defender position.

In his career, he played for Brazilian teams Corinthians (1934–1938), Vasco da Gama (1938–1942) and Santos FC.

He won two São Paulo State Leagues (1937, 1938), Torneio Internacional Luiz Aranha (1940) and one Torneio Início do Rio de Janeiro (1942). Jaú was on the Brazil national football team roster for the 1938 FIFA World Cup where he played one match.

During his life, Jaú was persecuted by the Brazilian governments due to his practice of Umbanda. He died at age 78.

Campeonato Paulista
The Campeonato Paulista Série A1, commonly known as Campeonato Paulista, nicknamed Paulistão, is the top-flight professional state football league in the Brazilian state of São Paulo. Run by the São Paulo State Football Federation (FPF), the league is contested by 16 clubs and typically lasts from January to April. Rivalries amongst four of the best-known Brazilian teams (Corinthians, Palmeiras, Santos and São Paulo) have marked the history of the competition. The Campeonato Paulista is the oldest established league in Brazil, being held since 1902 and professionally since 1933.
Telecommunications in Brazil
Brazil has both modern technologies in the center-south portion, counting with LTE, 3G HSPA, DSL ISDB based Digital TV. Other areas of the country, particularly the North and Northeast regions, lack even basic analog PSTN telephone lines. This is a problem that the government is trying to solve by linking the liberation of new technologies such as (WiMax and FTTH) to extension of the service to less populated regions.

North Region, Brazil
The North Region of Brazil (Portuguese: Região Norte do Brasil [ʁeʒiˈɐ̃w ˈnɔʁtʃi du bɾaˈziw]) is the largest region of Brazil, accounting for 45.27% of the national territory. It has the second-lowest population of any region in the country, and accounts for a minor percentage of the national GDP. The region is slightly larger than India and slightly smaller than the whole European Union. It comprises the states of Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Pará, Rondônia, Roraima, and Tocantins.

It has the lowest population density out of all the regions of Brazil, with only 4.5 inhabitants per km2. Most of the population is centered in urban areas.

Belém International Airport and Manaus International Airport connect the North Region with many Brazilian cities and also operate some international flights. The region is home to the Federal University of Amazonas and the Federal University of Pará, among others.
Brolin
Brolin is a surname, most commonly occurring in Sweden. Notable people with the surname include:

Anna Brolin (born 1980), Swedish sports reporter and sport-television presenter

James Brolin (born 1940), American actor, producer, and director

Josh Brolin (born 1968), American actor

Tomas Brolin (born 1969), Swedish professional football player

Anna Brolin
Anna Eleonora Brolin (born 1980) is a Swedish sports reporter and sport-television presenter. Brolin has worked for Viasat Sport and TV4.

Born in Stockholm, Brolin is the sister of the male model Carl Brolin, but is not related to the footballer Tomas Brolin. In the summer of 2010, she was selected for TV4's World Cup squad and reported on site from the World Cup in South Africa. Brolin participated as a contestant in Let's Dance 2013. She was present in Brazil as one of the presenters on TV4 during the 2014 FIFA World Cup. In 2016, she took over as host of Biggest Loser. In 2020, she was appointed program manager for the Farmen. She succeeded Paolo Roberto.
Strzelce, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship
Strzelce [ˈstʂɛlt͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Giżycko, within Giżycko County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) south of Giżycko and 86 km (53 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

Giżycko County
Giżycko County (Polish: powiat giżycki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, northern Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms of 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Giżycko, which lies 88 kilometres (55 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn. The only other town in the county is Ryn, lying 18 km (11 mi) south-west of Giżycko.

The county covers an area of 1,118.74 square kilometres (431.9 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 56,661, out of which the population of Giżycko is 29,335, that of Ryn is 2,851, and the rural population is 24,475.

Until 2002 Giżycko County also included the three gminas which now form Węgorzewo County.
Leda and the Swan (Uffizi)
Leda and the Swan is a c.1505-1507 oil and resin on panel painting by a painter in the circle of Leonardo da Vinci. It may have originated in the Gualtieri Collection in L'Aquila and passed through various others before being acquired from the Spiridon Collection in 1989 by its present owner, the Uffizi.

It and the versions in the Galleria Borghese and Wilton House are considered the three closest copies after Leonardo's own lost work on the same subject. Bernard Berenson even argued the Uffizi work was an autograph work by Leonardo himself, but this is rejected by modern art historians in favour of one of Leonardo's students, possibly Francesco Melzi with some assistance on the landscape background from Joos van Cleve. It is usually dated to the end of Melzi's stay in Milan before leaving for France with Leonardo. Other suggestions include Cesare da Sesto or Fernando Yáñez de la Almedina - the latter assisted Leonardo in 1505 on The Battle of Anghiari.

Fernando Yáñez de la Almedina
Fernando (or Hernando) Yáñez de la Almedina, born in Almedina, Spain in c. 1475 and died in Valencia, Kingdom of Spain in 1536, was a Spanish painter. He was one of the most important early Renaissance painters in Spain. Of  supposed morisco origin, he travelled to Italy to study fine art, and in the process became familiar with the work of Leonardo da Vinci. After returning to Spain, he collaborated with Hernando de los Llanos on many works.
Hunter Lab
Hunter Lab (also known as Hunter L,a,b) is a color space defined in 1948 by Richard S. Hunter.  
It was designed to be computed via simple formulas from the CIEXYZ space, but to be more perceptually uniform.  Hunter named his coordinates L, a and b. 
Hunter Lab was a precursor to CIELAB, created in 1976 by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE), which named the coordinates for CIELAB as L*, a*, b*  to distinguish them from Hunter's coordinates.

International Commission on Illumination
The International Commission on Illumination (abbreviated CIE for its French name, Commission internationale de l'éclairage, but historically abbreviated ICI in English) is the international authority on light, illumination, colour, and colour spaces. It was established in 1913 as a successor to the Commission Internationale de Photométrie, which was founded in 1900. It is based in Vienna, Austria.
Lalbahadur Thapa
Lalbahadur Thapa Magar VC (Nepali: लालबहादुर थापामगर; February 1906 – 19 October 1968) was a Nepali Gorkha recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

Nepalis
Nepali or Nepalese or Gorkhali (Nepali: नेपाली जनता) are the permanent citizens of Nepal under Nepali nationality law. The term Nepali strictly refers to nationality, meaning people holding citizenship of Nepal. Conversely, people without Nepalese citizenship but with roots in Nepal (such as Nepalese Australians), who speak Nepali or any of the other 128 Nepali languages but hold foreign citizenship, are referred to as Nepali-language Speaking Foreigners (Nepali: नेपाली भाषी विदेशी). The term Nepali is also not generally used to refer to non-citizen residents, dual citizens, or expatriates.

Nepal is a multicultural and multi-ethnic country. Bagmati Province is the most densely populated province, holding approximately 20.97 percent of Nepal's population.
Bowling at the 1999 Pan American Games
This page shows the results of the Bowling Competition for men and women at the 1999 Pan American Games, held from July 23 to August 8, 1999 in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. The event was included for the fourth time at the Pan American Games.

Having been held at the Games as a demonstration sport in 1983, the sport was given full status by the Pan American Sports Organization Council in 1986.

1983 Pan American Games
The 1983 Pan American Games, officially known as the IX Pan American Games (Spanish: IX Juegos Panamericanos) and commonly known as Caracas 1983, were held in Caracas, Venezuela from August 14 to August 29, 1983. The games were the first major international competition to include relatively accurate steroid testing.
Ferndale (Lambeth ward)
Ferndale was an electoral ward in the London Borough of Lambeth from 1965 to 2022. The ward was first used in the 1964 elections and last used for the 2018 elections. It returned three councillors to Lambeth London Borough Council. The boundaries were redrawn in 1978 and 2002. The ward was replaced in 2022 by Brixton Acre Lane, Brixton North and Clapham East. Notable councillors to represent the ward are John Major who became Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, civil rights activist Rudy Narayan and Ted Knight who was leader of Lambeth Council during the 1985 rate-capping rebellion.

London Borough of Lambeth
Lambeth (/ˈlæmbəθ/ ⓘ) is a London borough in South London, England, which forms part of Inner London. Its name was recorded in 1062 as Lambehitha ("landing place for lambs") and in 1255 as Lambeth. The geographical centre of London is at Frazier Street near Lambeth North tube station, though nearby Charing Cross on the other side of the Thames in the City of Westminster is traditionally considered the centre of London.
Aldo Vidussoni
Aldo Vidussoni (21 January 1914 – 30 November 1982) was an Italian lawyer and Fascist politician.

After law studies at the University of Trieste, Vidussoni joined the Partito Nazionale Fascista (PNF) in May 1936. He was a volunteer soldier in the Second Italo-Abyssinian War, and then on Francisco Franco's side in the Spanish Civil War; he lost an eye and an arm on the Santander front, and was awarded a gold medal for valor in combat. Aldo Vidussoni's reputation made him an asset with the Benito Mussolini régime, and he became an important figure in the hierarchy of the Fascist university corporations - the Gruppi universitari fascisti (GUF). First a secretary of the GUF for the Province of Trieste (in 1938), he was (1940–1941) inspector for the GUF in Enna, and, in November–December 1941, national secretary of the GUF.

Province of Trieste
The province of Trieste (Italian: provincia di Trieste) is a province in the autonomous Friuli-Venezia Giulia region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Trieste. It has a population of 227,792 in an area of 212 square kilometres (82 mi2). It has a coastal length of 48.1 kilometres (29.9 mi). Abolished in 2017, it was reestablished in 2019 as the regional decentralization entity of Trieste (Italian: ente di decentramento regionale di Trieste; Slovene: enota deželne decentralizacije Trst; Friulian: ent di decentrament regjonâl di Triest), and was reactivated on 1 July 2020.

The province contains 6 municipalities (comuni). It is the smallest province in Italy by area, and its land area is much smaller than large Italian cities.
Seve Trophy
The Seve Trophy was a biennial golf tournament between teams of professional male golfers; one team representing Great Britain and Ireland, the other team representing Continental Europe. The tournament was played in years when there is no Ryder Cup. The competition was held eight times from 2000 to 2013.

The Trophy was named after five times major winner Seve Ballesteros, the most successful golfer ever from Continental Europe who was one of the key instigators of the tournament. He made an exceptional contribution to the European Ryder Cup successes of the 1980s and 1990s, and came to be regarded as an exceptionally keen team man in a usually individualistic sport.

A sponsorship deal with the French media conglomerate Vivendi meant that the 2009 was known as The Vivendi Trophy with Seve Ballesteros, the 2011 event was the Vivendi Seve Trophy and the 2013 event was known as the Seve Trophy by Golf+.

Four-ball golf
Four-ball is a pairs playing format in the game of golf. It is also known as better ball or best ball. It is also sometimes abbreviated as 4BBB.

In a stroke play competition, competitors are paired and play as a team. Each golfer plays their own ball; the team's score on each hole is the lower of the two players' scores. Only one of a pair is required to complete each hole. The winners are the team with the lowest aggregate score over a set number of holes. Since 2017 this format, along with foursomes, has been used by the Zurich Classic on the PGA Tour.

In a match play competition, a four-ball consists of two teams of two players competing directly against each other. All four golfers play their own balls throughout the round (rather than alternating shots on a single ball); each hole is won by the team whose member has the lowest score. This form of golf is commonly played in team golf competitions such as the Ryder Cup, Solheim Cup, and Presidents Cup.
Khwaja Abdullah Ansari International Airport
The Khwaja Abdullah Ansari International Airport, also known as Herat International Airport (IATA: HEA, ICAO: OAHR) is located about 10 km (6.2 mi) southeast of the city of Herat in western Afghanistan, next to the Kandahar–Herat Highway Highway in the Guzara District of the Herat Province. Named after Khwaja Abdullah Ansari, it is Afghanistan's fourth largest commercial airport after the Kabul International Airport in Kabul, the Ahmad Shah Baba International Airport in Kandahar and the Mawlana Jalaluddin Mohammad Balkhi International Airport in Mazar-i-Sharif.

Guzara District
Guzara (Gozareh) District (Persian: ګذره ولسوالۍ) is situated in the center of Herat Province, Afghanistan, 10 km south of Herat. It borders Injil District to the north, Pashtun Zarghun District to the east, Adraskan District to the south and Zinda Jan District to the west. The district center Guzara (Gozareh) is on the main road Herat-Kandahar.

On 19 August 2025, an overcrowded passenger bus, possibly speeding, carrying migrants deported from Iran veered off the road and collided with a truck and motorcycle before catching fire on the Guzara District section of the Herat–Islam Qala Highway, an extension of the Afghanistan Ring Road. The crash killed at least 79 people, including 19 children, and injuring two others. It is one of country's deadliest accidents in recent years.
Philippe Paolantoni
Philippe Paolantoni (born 1952) is a French civil servant and administrator. Paolantoni was appointed the French Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna on Monday 28 July 2008, succeeding his predecessor Richard Didier. He officially took office in Wallis and Futuna on 8 September 2008.

Paolantoni served as the Vice-Prefect of the city of Brest, France, in the region of Brittany, for the three years prior to being named the Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna.

Brittany (administrative region)
Brittany (French: Bretagne [bʁətaɲ] ⓘ; Breton: Breizh [brɛjs]; Gallo: Bertaèyn [bəʁtaɛɲ]) is an administrative region of Metropolitan France, comprising the departments of Côtes-d'Armor, Finistère, Ille-et-Vilaine, and Morbihan. Its capital and largest city is Rennes.

Bordered by the English Channel to the north, the Celtic Sea to the west, and the Atlantic Ocean (Bay of Biscay) to the south, Brittany's neighboring regions are Normandy to the northeast and Pays de la Loire to the southeast. It is one of two regions in Metropolitan France where all departments have direct access to the sea, the other being Corsica.

The region of Brittany is sometimes referred to as "administrative Brittany" in contrast to "historical Brittany" or "cultural Brittany", which also includes the Loire-Atlantique and whose potential reunification with the administrative region has been a subject of debate for decades.
Persecution of Baháʼís
Baháʼís are persecuted in various countries, especially in Iran, where the Baháʼí Faith originated and where a large Baháʼí population still lives. The persecution stems from the traditional Islamic perspective that Baháʼí teachings are inconsistent with Islamic  beliefs, including the finality of Muhammad's prophethood, and the placement of Baháʼís outside the Islamic religion. Thus, Baháʼís are seen as apostates from Islam.

The United Nations, European Union, rights groups including  Amnesty International and the Human Rights Watch (HRW) and scholarship have documented how the Baháʼí community in Iran has been subjected to the denial of civil rights, false imprisonment, torture, unjustified executions and the confiscation and destruction of property. According to HRW, the Iranian government’s long-term, systematic campaign against the Bahá’ís rises to the level of the crime against humanity of persecution. Baháʼís have also been significantly persecuted in Egypt.

False imprisonment
False imprisonment or unlawful imprisonment occurs when a person intentionally restricts another person's movement within any area without legal authority, justification, or the restrained person's permission.

Actual physical restraint is not necessary for false imprisonment to occur. A false imprisonment claim may be made based upon private acts, or upon wrongful governmental detention.

For detention by the police, proof of false imprisonment provides a basis to obtain a writ of habeas corpus.

Under common law, false imprisonment is both a crime and a tort.