hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sizeof
sizeof is a unary operator in the C and C++ programming languages that evaluates to the storage size of an expression or a data type, measured in units sized as char. Consequently, the expression sizeof(char) evaluates to 1. The number of bits of type char is specified by the preprocessor macro CHAR_BIT, defined in the standard include file <limits.h>. On most modern computing platforms this is eight bits. The result of sizeof is an unsigned integer that is usually typed as size_t.

The operator accepts a single operand which is either a data type expressed as a cast – the name of a data type enclosed in parentheses – or a non-type expression for which parentheses are not required.

Preprocessor
In computer science, a preprocessor (or precompiler) is a program that processes its input data to produce output that is used as input in another program. The output is said to be a preprocessed form of the input data, which is often used by some subsequent programs like compilers. The amount and kind of processing done depends on the nature of the preprocessor; some preprocessors are only capable of performing relatively simple textual substitutions and macro expansions, while others have the power of full-fledged programming languages.

A common example from computer programming is the processing performed on source code before the next step of compilation.
In some computer languages (e.g., C and PL/I) there is a phase of translation known as preprocessing. It can also include macro processing, file inclusion and language extensions.
FemTechNet
FemTechNet (FTN) is a feminist network of scholars, artists, and activists known for its feminist, decentralized pedagogy experiments. FemTechNet became the focus of various media outlets when it broadcast its efforts to "storm" Wikipedia under its "wikistorming" initiative. Beyond its 2013 Wikipedia project, FemTechNet has been described as "a new approach to collaborative learning", and a "feminist anti-MOOC." Through its website, FemTechNet provides "resources for learning more about feminism, cyberfeminism, and feminist theories of technology, including videos with major scholars and subject matter experts, reading lists and bibliographies, projects to do with classmates or undertake on your own as a do-it-yourselfer, and syllabi from past and present FemTechNet classes."

Massive open online course
A massive open online course (MOOC /muːk/) or an open online course is an online course aimed at unlimited participation and open access via the Web. In addition to traditional course materials, such as filmed lectures, readings, and problem sets, many MOOCs provide interactive courses with user forums or social media discussions to support community interactions among students, professors, and teaching assistants (TAs), as well as immediate feedback to quick quizzes and assignments. MOOCs are a widely researched development in distance education, first introduced in 2008, that emerged as a popular mode of learning in 2012.

Early MOOCs (cMOOCs: Connectivist MOOCs) often emphasized open-access features, such as open licensing of content, structure and learning goals, to promote the reuse and remixing of resources.  Some later MOOCs (xMOOCs: extended MOOCs) use closed licenses for their course materials while maintaining free access for students.
Ion Vîlcu
Ion Vîlcu (born May 12, 1966 Bucharest) is a Romanian software engineer, academic, administrator and diplomat who served as the Ambassador of Romania in Chile, Argentina, Spain and Mexico. He is now Director of Affiliate Members Department of UNWTO.

Vîlcu is married to Florica Cristina Vîlcu and has two daughters, Claudia Ioana born in 1995 and Maria Elena born in 2005.

UN Tourism
The United Nations World Tourism Organization or UN Tourism (formerly UNWTO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations which promotes responsible, sustainable and universally-accessible tourism. Its headquarters are in Madrid, Spain. Other offices include a Regional Support Office for Asia and the Pacific in Nara, Japan, and a Regional Office for the Middle East in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

UN Tourism serves as a global forum for tourism policy and a source of tourism research and knowledge. It encourages tourism competitiveness, innovation, education, investments and digital transformation. The organization also focusses on ethics, culture and social responsibility related to tourism, provides technical cooperation, and operates a UN Tourism Academy and tourism statistics programs.

The six official languages of UN Tourism are Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, and Spanish.

From its inception in 1975 until 2023, the UN World Tourism Organization was abbreviated as UNWTO.
The Very Reverend
The Very Reverend (abbreviated as The Very Revd or The Very Rev) is an honorific style  given to certain (primarily Western) Christian clergy and ministers.

The definite article "the" should always precede "Reverend" when used before a name (e.g., the Very Rev. John Smith), because "Reverend" is an honorific adjective, not a title.

Article (grammar)
In grammar, an article is any of a small set of words or affixes (such as a, an, and the in English) used with nouns to limit or give definiteness to the application. The category of articles constitutes a part of speech.

Articles combine with nouns to form noun phrases, and typically specify the grammatical definiteness of the noun phrase. In English, the and a (rendered as an when followed by a vowel sound) are the definite and indefinite articles respectively. Articles in many other languages also carry additional grammatical information such as gender, number, and case. Articles are part of a broader category called determiners, which also include demonstratives, possessive determiners, and quantifiers. In linguistic interlinear glossing, articles are abbreviated as ART.
Byzantine (album)
Byzantine is the fourth studio album by American heavy metal band Byzantine. The album was partially crowdfunded through Kickstarter and was released on February 26, 2013,

On November 28, 2012, the band premiered the first single from the album, "Signal Path", on MetalSucks. The second single and accompanying music video for "Soul Eraser" premiered on January 11, 2013, on No Clean Singing.

MetalSucks
MetalSucks is an American  heavy metal music-themed news website. The site features reviews, interviews, information on the latest metal releases and blog-like posts from the writers, most notably Vince Neilstein and Axl Rosenberg.
2002–03 Primeira Liga
The 2002–03 Primeira Liga was the 69th edition of top flight of Portuguese football. It started on 25 August 2002 with a match between Varzim and Paços de Ferreira, and ended on 1 June 2003. The league was contested by 18 clubs with Sporting CP as the defending champions.

Porto won the league and qualified for the 2003–04 UEFA Champions League group stage, along with Benfica, who qualified for the third round. Sporting and União de Leiria qualified for the 2003–04 UEFA Cup. In opposite, Varzim, Santa Clara and Vitória de Setúbal were relegated to the Segunda Liga. Faye Fary was the top scorer with 18 goals.

F.C. Paços de Ferreira
Futebol Clube Paços de Ferreira (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈpasuʒ ðɨ fɨˈʁɐjɾɐ]) is a Portuguese professional football club based in Paços de Ferreira, district of Porto. Founded in 1950, the club competes in the Liga Portugal 2, holding home games at the 9,076 seat Estádio Capital do Móvel The club's colours are yellow and green. The club is owned 100% by its members ("sócios").

They have won four Segunda Liga titles (now Liga Portugal 2), and in 2007 they qualified for the UEFA Cup for the first time. In the 2012–13 Primeira Liga, the team finished third and qualified for the 2013–14 UEFA Champions League play-offs for the first time in their history. They were also runners-up of the 2008–09 Taça de Portugal, the 2009 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira and the 2010–11 Taça da Liga.
Ebenezer Pettigrew
Ebenezer Pettigrew (March 10, 1783 – July 8, 1848) was a Congressional Representative from North Carolina. He was born near Plymouth, North Carolina, March 10, 1783. He studied under tutors at home and later attended the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill where he was a charter member of the Debating Society, which became the Dialectic and Philanthropic Societies. He was a planter slaveholder, and later became a member of the State senate in 1809 and 1810. He was elected as an Anti-Jacksonian to the Twenty-fourth Congress (March 4, 1835 – March 3, 1837), afterwards resuming his agricultural pursuits. He was also a slave owner. He died at Magnolia Plantation on Lake Scuppernong, July 8, 1848, and was interred in the family cemetery.

He was the father of Confederate General J. Johnston Pettigrew.

Scuppernong River (North Carolina)
35°56′38″N 76°19′25″W﻿ / ﻿35.94389°N 76.32361°W﻿ / 35.94389; -76.32361

The Scuppernong River is a blackwater river that flows through Tyrrell County and Washington County, North Carolina, into the Albemarle Sound. The river shares its name with the Scuppernong grapes native to the area. The river has a history closely linked to colonization and agricultural utilization. Currently, the Pocosin Lakes National Wildlife Refuge and Pettigrew State Park can be found on the banks of the river. The River is celebrated annually through the Scuppernong River Festival.
Karl Johann von Hueck
Karl Johann von Hueck (also spelled Johan; 6 July 1844 – 8 October 1925) was a Baltic German politician who was the mayor of Reval (now Tallinn) from April 1895 to February 1905. He graduated from the University of Tartu's Faculty of Economics in 1865, and went abroad thereafter. He was a farmer throughout what is now Estonia. He managed Laitse and Kukruse manors after his return, and later owned Munalaskme manor. From 1891 to 1894, he was the secretary of the Estonian Agricultural Society, and was the chairman and honorary member of the Estonian Horticultural Society. von Hueck later became the mayor of Reval from April 1895 to February 1905. He was later a city councilor in Reval from 1905 to 1912. He was succeeded by Erast Hiatsintov.

Kukruse
Kukruse (German: Kuckers) is a village in Toila Parish, Ida-Viru County in northeastern Estonia. It is located by the Tallinn–Narva road (E20), between the cities of Kohtla-Järve and Jõhvi. Adjacent to the village is a district of Kohtla-Järve sharing the same name, Kukruse.

Before the 2017 Administrative Reform, the village belonged to Kohtla Parish.

As of the 2011 census, the settlement's population was 52.

Kukersite, a marine type oil shale of Ordovician age, is named after Kukruse.

During the road construction in 2009, a cemetery approximately 800 years old was revealed. Fifty graves were studied. The human remains and objects placed in the graves provide a good picture of 13th-century society, culture, and beliefs. Some of the finds from Kukruse were displayed at the Estonian History Museum.
Infrahelvetic complex
The Infrahelvetic complex is a tectonic unit in the Swiss Alps. It consists of autochthonous rocks of the former southern continental margin of the European Plate.

The Infrahelvetic complex has been overthrusted by the Helvetic nappes, that partly contain similar rocks. It crops out in the northern part of the canton of Graubünden, generally south and below the Helvetic nappes and north of the Penninic nappes.

The Infrahelvetic complex consists of Mesozoic cover rocks, most notably massive limestones from the European continental shelf. These limestones have a shallower marine facies than contemporary sediments from the Helvetic nappes since they were originally deposited north of those units. The Triassic and Permian consist of dolomites, marls and conglomerates. In contrast to the completely detached Helvetic nappes, the Infrahelvetic complex is still lying conformably on top of a Hercynian basement which forms the external massifs of the Aar and Gotthard nappes.

Décollement
Décollement (from French  décoller 'to detach from') is a gliding plane between two rock masses, also known as a basal detachment fault.  Décollements are a deformational structure, resulting in independent styles of deformation in the rocks above and below the fault. They are associated with both compressional settings (involving folding and overthrusting) and extensional settings.
Ronny Teriipaia
Ronny Teriipaia-Naia (born 1971) is a French Polynesian educator, politician and Cabinet Minister. He is a member of Tāvini Huiraʻatira.

Teriipaia had a twenty-year career in education, particularly primary education, before entering politics. He was chair of the Tāvini's youth wing from 2009 to 2010. In 2014 he completed a masters thesis at the University of French Polynesia on Mā̕ Ohi tradition and culture within the Catholic Church of French Polynesia. In 2017 he completed a doctoral thesis on the same subject. In 2021 he was the first person to pass the admission tests for Agrégation in Reo Tahiti.

On 15 May 2023 he was appointed Minister of Education in the government of Moetai Brotherson.

Agrégation
In France, the agrégation (French pronunciation: [aɡʁeɡasjɔ̃] ⓘ) is the most competitive and prestigious examination for civil service in the French public education system. Successful candidates become professeurs agrégés ([pʁɔfesœʁ(z‿)aɡʁeʒe]) and are usually appointed as teachers in secondary schools or preparatory classes, or as lecturers in universities.
Andrea Morricone
Andrea Morricone (born 10 October 1964) is an Italian composer and conductor, known for his film scores. He is the third child, and second son, of  late composer and Academy Award winner Ennio Morricone. 
He composed the film scores for the American films Capturing the Friedmans and Liberty Heights. He collaborated with his father on the score for Cinema Paradiso, for which they won a BAFTA Award for For Best Original Film Music. The Love Theme from Cinema Paradiso is a work by Andrea Morricone. He has also composed music for many other Italian films, including The Inquiry and The Entrepreneur. On 29 May 2018, Andrea Morricone received the "Golden Slipper" award at the 58th Zlín Film Festival, during the premiere of 72 Hours in Bangkok, in recognition of his contribution to world cinematography.

The Entrepreneur
The Entrepreneur (Italian: L'industriale) is a 2011 Italian drama film directed by Giuliano Montaldo. The film premiered out of competition at the 2011 Rome Film Festival. It won three Italian Golden Globes for best film, cinematography and best music and the special jury prize to Pierfrancesco Favino. Additionally, it was also nominated to four Nastro d'Argento Awards (for best script, best actress, best cinematography and best scenography).
Phineas Davis Farmstead
Phineas Davis Farmstead is a historic farm complex and national historic district located in the village of Mexico in Oswego County, New York.  The district features an Italianate farmhouse built in 1874.  Also on the property is a historic henhouse and three stone hitching posts.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.

Oswego County, New York
Oswego County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 117,525. The county seat is Oswego. The county name is from a Mohawk-language word meaning 'the pouring out place', referring to the point at which the Oswego River feeds into Lake Ontario at the northern edge of the county in the city of Oswego. The county is part of the Central New York region of the state.

Oswego County is part of the Syracuse metropolitan area.
Stochastic tunneling
In numerical analysis, stochastic tunneling (STUN) is an approach to global optimization based on the Monte Carlo method-sampling of the function to be objective minimized in which the function is nonlinearly transformed to allow for easier tunneling among regions containing function minima. Easier tunneling allows for faster exploration of sample space and faster convergence to a good solution.

Sampling (signal processing)
In signal processing, sampling is the reduction of a continuous-time signal to a discrete-time signal. A common example is the conversion of a sound wave to a sequence of "samples".
A sample is a value of the signal at a point in time and/or space; this definition differs from the term's usage in statistics, which refers to a set of such values.

A sampler is a subsystem or operation that extracts samples from a continuous signal. A theoretical ideal sampler produces samples equivalent to the instantaneous value of the continuous signal at the desired points.

The original signal can be reconstructed from a sequence of samples, up to the Nyquist limit, by passing the sequence of samples through a reconstruction filter.
2014–15 Czech National Football League
The 2014–15 Czech National Football League is the 22nd season of the Czech Republic's second tier football league. The season started on 2 August 2014 and ran until May 2015, with a winter break between November and March.

Czech National Football League
The Czech National Football League (Czech: Fotbalová národní liga, FNL), known as Chance Národní Liga due to sponsorship reasons, is the second level professional association football league in the Czech Republic. Before 2013 it was known as 2. liga or Druhá liga. The top team each season is eligible for promotion to the Czech First League, while the second and third placed teams enter play offs for possible promotion.

The league replaced the I.ČNL (I. Česká národní liga; First Czech National League), which had been established following the end of the nationwide Czechoslovak Second League in 1977. The league became known as simply II. liga (Second League) in 1993 following the establishment of the Czech Republic as an independent state.
Pedro Aguirre Cerda
Pedro Abelino Aguirre Cerda (Latin American Spanish: [ˈpeðɾo aˈɣire ˈseɾða]; February 6, 1879 – November 25, 1941) was a Chilean political figure, educator, and lawyer who served as the 23rd president of Chile from 1938 until his death in 1941. He was a center left moderate.

A member of the Radical Party since 1906, he was chosen by the left-wing Popular Front coalition as its candidate for the 1938 presidential election and won. He had previously served as deputy for San Felipe, Putaendo and Los Andes from 1915 to 1918, Minister of the Interior from January to September 1918 under president Juan Luis Sanfuentes, deputy for Santiago from 1918 to 1921, Minister of Justice and Public Instruction from 1920 to 1921 under president Arturo Alessandri, and senator for Concepción from 1921 to 1927.

He died two years and eleven months into his presidency on November 25, 1941, at the age of 62, from tuberculosis.

Ministry of Justice and Human Rights (Chile)
The Ministry of Justice and Human Rights of Chile (Spanish: Ministerio de Justicia y Derechos Humanos; MinJusticia) is the state ministry responsible for liaising between the executive branch and the judicial branch, and promoting and fostering human rights. Currently, the lawyer Jaime Gajardo Falcón serves as Minister of Justice and Human Rights and Daniela Quintanilla holds the position of Head of the Undersecretariat of Human Rights, both appointed under president Gabriel Boric.

The Undersecretary for Human Rights is the chief executive of the Undersecretariat of Human Rights and the immediate collaborator of the Minister in matters within its sphere of competence, and, in the event of the absence or incapacity of the Undersecretary of Justice, serves as the latter's legal substitute.
History of dance in Taiwan
Located between China, South Korea, Japan, and several island countries of Southeast Asia, Taiwan is situated at the junction of maritime traffic connecting Indo-Pacific countries. The earliest human activity on the island dated back to the Paleolithic Changbin culture in Taitung County. Taiwan then experienced the Dutch Formosa period (1624–1662), the Kingdom of Tungning (1661–1683), the Japanese rule (1895–1945), and the current period starting with the Nationalist government's move to Taiwan in 1949. With the human body as its primary medium of expression, dance is inextricably linked to the activities of different ethnic groups. Influenced by Taiwan's geographical location and historical background, the establishment and evolution of dance forms are closely connected to the political, economic, social, and cultural factors in every period.

Paiwan people
The Paiwan (Paiwan: Kacalisian; Chinese: 排灣; pinyin: Páiwān) are an indigenous people of Taiwan. They speak the Paiwan language. In 2014, the Paiwan numbered 96,334. This was approximately 17.8% of Taiwan's total indigenous population, making them the second-largest indigenous group.

The majority of Paiwan people live in the southern chain of the Central Mountain Range, from Damumu Mountain and the upper Wuluo River in the north of the southern chain to the Hengchun Peninsula in the south of it, and also in the hills and coastal plains of southeastern Taiwan. There are two subgroups under the Paiwan people: the Ravar and the Vuculj.

The unique ceremonies in Paiwan are Masalut and Maljeveq. The Masalut is a ceremony that celebrates the harvest of rice, whereas the Maljeveq commemorates their ancestors or gods.
Pedipalp
Pedipalps (commonly shortened to palps or palpi) are the secondary pair of forward appendages among chelicerates – a group of arthropods including spiders, scorpions, horseshoe crabs, and sea spiders. The pedipalps are lateral to the chelicerae ("jaws") and anterior to the first pair of walking legs.

Chelicerae
The chelicerae (/kəˈlɪsəriː/) are the mouthparts of the subphylum Chelicerata, an arthropod group that includes arachnids, horseshoe crabs, and  sea spiders.  Commonly referred to as "jaws", chelicerae may be shaped as either articulated fangs, or as a type of pincers. Some chelicerae, such as those found on nearly all spiders, are hollow and contain (or are connected to) venom glands, used to inject venom into prey or a perceived threat. Both pseudoscorpions and  harvestmen — neither of which have that venom channel — have additional structures on their chelicerae that are used for grooming (papillae in pseudoscorpions, cheliceral teeth in Opiliones). In many spider species, males and females have sexually dimorphic chelicerae.
Terny, Sumy Oblast
Terny (Ukrainian: Терни, Russian: Терны) is a rural settlement in Romny Raion of Sumy Oblast in Ukraine. It is located on the banks of the Tern, a tributary of the Sula in the drainage basin of the Dnieper. Terny belongs to Nedryhailiv settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 2,800 (2022 estimate).

Sula (Dnieper)
The Sula (Ukrainian: Сула) is a left tributary of the Dnieper with a total length of 363 kilometres (226 mi) and a drainage basin of 19,600 square kilometres (7,600 sq mi).

The river flows into the Dnieper through the Kremenchuk Reservoir, with which it forms a large delta with numerous islands, on which rare kinds of birds live. An important tributary is the Uday, smaller ones being Orzhytsya, Sliporid, Romen and Tern.

Large cities located on the river are Romny, Lokhvytsia and Lubny.
Girls' Day (Judaism)
Rosh Chodesh L'Banot (Hebrew: ראש חודש לבנות), also known as Chag HaBanot (חג הבנות, 'Festival of the Daughters', sometimes translated as Girls' Day), and in Arabic as Eid al-Banat (عيد البناب), is a holiday celebrated by some Jewish communities in the Middle East on Rosh Chodesh of the Jewish month of Tevet, during the Jewish holiday of Chanukah. The Jewish community where the holiday was most preserved is in Tunisia. But there is evidence that it was also celebrated in Jewish communities in Libya, Algeria, Kushta, Istanbul, Morocco and Thessaloniki.

Rosh Chodesh
In Judaism, Rosh Chodesh or Rosh Hodesh (pronounced [/ʁoʃ ˈχo.deʃ/]; Hebrew: רֹאשׁ חֹדֶשׁ, romanized: rōʾš ḥōḏeš, lit. 'Head [of] the month') is a minor holiday observed at the beginning of every month in the Hebrew calendar, marked by the birth of a new moon. Rosh Chodesh is observed for either one or two days, depending on whether the previous month contained 29 or 30 days.