hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fernando Fitz-James Stuart, 17th Duke of Huéscar
Fernando Juan Fitz-James Stuart y de Solís, 17th Duke of Huéscar, GE (born 14 September 1990), is a Spanish aristocrat. He is the current Duke of Huéscar, and heir apparent to the dukedom of Alba and thereby to the headship of the House of Alba.

Aristocracy
Aristocracy (from Ancient Greek  ἀριστοκρατίᾱ (aristokratíā) 'rule of the best'; from  ἄριστος (áristos) 'best' and  κράτος (krátos) 'power, strength') is a form of government that places power in the hands of a small, privileged ruling class, the aristocrats.

Across Europe, the aristocracy exercised immense economic, political, and social influence. In Western Christian countries, the aristocracy was mostly equal with magnates, also known as the titled or higher nobility, however the members of the more numerous social class, the untitled lower nobility (petty nobility or gentry) were not part of the aristocracy.
Abramites hypselonotus
Abramites hypselonotus – known as the marbled headstander or the high-backed headstander – is a member of the family Anostomidae of the order Characiformes. Under normal fish classifying rules, the marbled headstander would be classified as a surface dweller. In reality, marbled headstanders – like all headstanders – inhabit the middle and lower portions of the aquarium. In the wild, headstanders are often found face down, tail up in narrow vertical rocky fissures.

Characiformes
Characiformes /ˈkærəsɪfɔːrmiːz/ is an order of ray-finned fish, comprising the characins and their allies. Grouped in 18 recognized families, more than 2000 different species are described, including the well-known piranha and tetras. Characins are most diverse in the Neotropics, where they are found in lakes and rivers throughout most of South and Central America. At least 209 species of characins are found in Africa, including the distichodontids, citharinids, alestids, and hepsetids. The rest of the characins originate in the Americas.

A few characins become quite large, and are important as food or game. Most, however, are small shoaling fish (or forage fish). Many species commonly called tetras are popular in aquaria because of their bright colors, general hardiness, and tolerance towards other fish in community tanks.
John R. Baylis
John Robert Baylis (May 11, 1885 – October 31, 1963) was an American chemist and sanitary engineer. His career extended from about 1905 to 1963 and he is best known for his work in applied research to improve drinking water purification.

American Water Works Association
American Water Works Association (AWWA) is an international non-profit, scientific and educational association founded to improve water quality and supply. Established in 1881, it is an organization representing a membership (as of 2024) of around 50,000 members worldwide.

AWWA members include: water utilities, treatment plant operators and managers, scientists, environmentalists, manufacturers, academics, regulators, and others with an interest in water supply and public health. AWWA works through advocacy, communications, conferences, education and training, science and technology, and local action among 43 AWWA Sections throughout North America.
August Wolfstieg
August Wolfstieg (21 June 1859, Wolfenbüttel — 27 May 1922, Wolfenbüttel) was a German Geheimrat, chief librarian of the Abgeordnetenhaus of Berlin, and Freemasonry researcher.

In 1899, he was admitted in the Masonic Lodge Pythagoras zum flammenden Stern (Pythagoras to the Flaming Star) in Berlin.

He was also Reich Commissioner for Books and Libraries at the Paris Exposition Universelle in 1900 and at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition in 1904.

Berlin House of Representatives
The Berlin House of Representatives (German: Abgeordnetenhaus (German: [ˈʔapɡəʔɔʁdnətn̩ˌhaʊs] ⓘ) is the state parliament (Landtag) of Berlin, Germany according to the city-state's constitution. In 1993, the parliament moved from Rathaus Schöneberg to its present house on Niederkirchnerstraße in Mitte, which from 1899 until 1934 was the seat of the Prussian House of Representatives. The current president of the parliament is Cornelia Seibeld (CDU).
Julia Messenger
Julia Messenger is an Australian singer-songwriter and producer best known for her work in the electronica, chill-out and jazz genres. She has performed, recorded and collaborated with Klaus Schulze, Henning Schmitz, Ferry Corsten, Klaus Waldeck, Manfred Leuchter and Scott Rockenfield.

Scott Rockenfield
Scott Rockenfield (born June 15, 1963), also known as SRock, is an American drummer and composer. He is best known as the drummer for the progressive metal band Queensrÿche, which he co-founded in 1982, and the hard rock band Slave to the System.
Galiteuthis pacifica
Galiteuthis pacifica is a little known species of glass squid from the family Cranchiidae. It has never been fully described, despite having a wide distribution in the tropical Indo-Pacific. The males grow to at least 33 cm (13 in) in mantle length.

Mantle (mollusc)
The mantle (also known by the Latin word pallium meaning mantle, robe or cloak, adjective pallial) is a significant part of the anatomy of molluscs: it is the dorsal body wall which covers the visceral mass and usually protrudes in the form of flaps well beyond the visceral mass itself.

In many species of molluscs the epidermis of the mantle secretes calcium carbonate and conchiolin, and creates a shell. In sea slugs there is a progressive loss of the shell and the mantle becomes the dorsal surface of the animal.

The words mantle and pallium both originally meant ‘cloak’ or ‘cape’; see mantle (vesture). This anatomical structure in molluscs often resembles a cloak because in many groups the edges of the mantle, usually referred to as the mantle margin, extend far beyond the main part of the body, forming flaps, double-layered structures which have been adapted for many different uses, including for example, the siphon.
First African Methodist Episcopal Church of Los Angeles
The First African Methodist Episcopal Church of Los Angeles (First A.M.E. or FAME) is a megachurch in Los Angeles, California, United States, part of the African Methodist Episcopal (AME) Church. It is the oldest church founded by African Americans in Los Angeles, dating to 1872. It has more than 19,000 members.

Megachurch
A megachurch is a church with a very large membership. Most megachurches offer a variety of educational and social activities and are evangelical, although the term "evangelical" usually denotes a type of organization, not a denomination. Megachurches are generally defined as any (typically Protestant) Christian church that on average draws 2,000 or more people per week.

The first megachurch was established in London in 1861. More emerged in the 20th century, especially in the United States, and expanded rapidly through the 1980s and 1990s. In the 21st century, megachurches became widespread in the United States and a growing phenomenon in several African countries and Australia. In the late 2000s and early 2010s, they shifted away from traditional architecture, with many newer ones having stadium-type seating; some, such as Lakewood Church, are even based in former or active arenas.
1961 Mineralnye Vody Il-18 crash
The 1961 Mineralnye Vody Il-18 crash was an aviation accident that occurred on December 31, 1961, near the city of Mineralnye Vody. The accident involved an Ilyushin Il-18V aircraft operated by Aeroflot and resulted in the deaths of 32 people.

Aviation accidents and incidents
An aviation accident is an event during aircraft operation that results in serious injury, death, or significant destruction. An aviation incident is any operating event that compromises safety but does not escalate into an aviation accident. Preventing both accidents and incidents is the primary goal of aviation safety. Adverse weather conditions, including turbulence, thunderstorms, icing, and low visibility, have historically been major contributing factors in aviation accidents and incidents worldwide.
Mary McAleese Boyne Valley Bridge
The Mary McAleese Boyne Valley Bridge (Irish: Droichead Ghleann na Bóinne Mháire Mhic Ghiolla Íosa) is a cable-stayed bridge in County Meath, and County Louth, Ireland. It spans the River Boyne 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) west of Drogheda on the county boundary between County Meath and County Louth and is part of the M1 Motorway. When it opened in June 2003, it was the longest cable-stayed bridge in Ireland until 19 October 2009, when the River Suir Bridge opened on the N25.

Due to environmental concerns, an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) was carried out for the bridge separately from the M1 EIS—the first such formal EIS carried out and published for a bridge in Ireland. The bridge was built between 2000 and 2003. It was designed Roughan & O'Donovan consulting engineers, who were awarded the Association of Consulting Engineers of Ireland (ACEI) Presidential Award in 2005 for the design.

Environmental impact statement
An environmental impact statement (EIS), under United States environmental law, is a document required by the 1969 National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) for certain actions "significantly affecting the quality of the human environment". An EIS is a tool for decision making.  It describes the positive and negative environmental effects of a proposed action, and it usually also lists one or more alternative actions that may be chosen instead of the action described in the EIS. One of the primary authors of the act is Lynton K. Caldwell.

Preliminary versions of these documents are officially known as a draft environmental impact statement (DEIS) or draft environmental impact report (DEIR).
American Society for Legal History
The American Society for Legal History is a learned society dedicated to promoting scholarship and teaching in the field of legal history.

It was founded in 1956 and has an international scope, despite being based in the United States. It sponsors the peer-reviewed journal Law and History Review and the book series Studies in Legal History, both of which are published by Cambridge University Press. In 1957, the Society established the American Journal of Legal History, which the Society originally published as its official journal. The journal was later acquired by the Temple University Beasley School of Law. It has been a member of the American Council of Learned Societies since 1973.

Temple University Beasley School of Law
The Temple University Beasley School of Law (formally the James E. Beasley School of Law of Temple University) is the law school of Temple University, a public research university in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was founded in 1895 and enrolls about 650 students.
Anna Bond (illustrator)
Anna Bond is the chief creative officer, illustrator and co-owner of Rifle Paper Co, an international stationery and gift brand. She founded the company with her husband in 2009. As of 2016 the company reported $21.4 million in company revenue and has more than 90 product offerings.

Chief creative officer
The title Chief Creative Officer (CCO) typically describes the highest-ranking position of a creative team within a media company. Depending on the type of company, this position may be responsible for the overall look and feel of marketing, media, and branding associated with the organization. The CCO may also be charged with managing, developing, and leading one or multiple teams of creative directors, art directors, designers, and copywriters. They may also have charge over long-term planning related to intellectual property owned by the company, as in the case of Marvel Comics/Marvel Studios, DC Comics/DC Studios, or the WWE.
Sir Henry Bingham, 1st Baronet
Sir Henry Bingham, 1st Baronet (1573 – c. 1658) was an Irish politician.

Born at Milton Abbas, he was the son of Sir George Bingham, brother of Sir Richard Bingham, and his wife Cicely Martin, daughter of Robert Martin. Bingham served as captain in the Irish Army. He was nominated High Sheriff of County Galway in 1607 and High Sheriff of Mayo in 1639. He entered the Irish House of Commons in 1634, representing Castlebar from July to November of that year and in 1639 until he retired because of ill health. On 7 June 1632, Bingham was created a baronet, of Castlebar, in the County of Mayo by King Charles I of England.

By 1625, he married Catherine Byrne, daughter of John Byrne, and had by her a son and a daughter. Bingham died by 1658 and was buried in Castlebar. He was succeeded in the baronetcy by his son George.

Irish House of Commons
The Irish House of Commons (Irish: Teach na gComóntach, Teach na dTeachtaí) was the lower house of the Parliament of Ireland that existed from 1297 until the end of 1800. The upper house was the House of Lords. The membership of the House of Commons was directly elected, but on a highly restrictive franchise, similar to the unreformed House of Commons in contemporary Great Britain. Catholics were disqualified from sitting in the Irish parliament from 1691, even though they comprised the vast majority of the Irish population.

The Irish executive, known as the Dublin Castle administration, under the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, was not answerable to the House of Commons but to the British government. However, the Chief Secretary for Ireland was usually a member of the Irish parliament. In the Commons, business was presided over by the Speaker.

From 1 January 1801, it ceased to exist and was succeeded by the House of Commons of the United Kingdom.
17th Government of the Sahrawi Republic
The 17th Government of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic was announced by President Brahim Ghali on 14 February 2023, after he won re-election in the 2023 Sahrawi presidential election held during the 16th Congress of the POLISARIO Front. It is headed by Bouchraya Hammoudi Bayoun as Prime Minister, with this being his second consecutive term and his fourth overall.

The government only has three women members out of seventeen ministers and twenty-two cabinet members. Mariam Salek Hmada became the first woman to serve as Minister of the Interior in the SADR and second in the Arab world after Raya El Hassan, who was Minister of Interior and Municipalities in Lebanon between 2019 and 2020.

On 18 February 2023, the newly-appointed ministers took their constitutional oath on the first session of the Council of Ministers.

Prime Minister of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
The prime minister of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic is the head of government of the partially recognised Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR), a government in exile based in the Sahrawi refugee camps of Tindouf, Algeria. The post of the prime minister has been held by Bouchraya Hammoudi Bayoun since 13 January 2020.
Mitch Whitaker
Mitchum Addison Whitaker (born May 12, 1993) is an American politician and member of the Kentucky House of Representatives whose term began on January 1, 2025. He represents Kentucky's 94th House district, which includes Letcher County as well as part of Harlan and Pike counties.

Pike County, Kentucky
Pike County is the easternmost county in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 58,669. Its county seat is Pikeville. The county was founded in 1821. It is a moist county—a county in which alcohol sales are prohibited but which contains a "wet" city. In three of the county's cities—Pikeville, Elkhorn City, and Coal Run Village—package alcohol sales are legal.
Nowy Ludwików
Nowy Ludwików [ˈnɔvɨ ludˈvikuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Skierniewice, within Skierniewice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) south-west of Skierniewice and 45 km (28 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź.

Skierniewice
Skierniewice (Polish pronunciation: [skʲɛrɲɛˈvʲit͡sɛ]) is a city in central Poland with 45,184 inhabitants (2023), situated in the Łódź Voivodeship. It is the capital of Skierniewice County. Through the town runs the small river Łupia, also called Skierniewka.

Located in the historic region of Masovia, Skierniewice dates back to the medieval period. It prospered as a local trade center with annual fairs and engaged in domestic and international trade. In the 17th and 18th centuries it hosted the residence of the Primates of Poland, and was home of leading Polish Enlightenment poet Ignacy Krasicki. Skierniewice is known as the "Polish Capital of Horticultural Sciences" with local tradition of horticultural studies dating back to 1922. It hosts the annual Skierniewice Festival of Flowers, Fruits and Vegetables.

It is a railway junction, located on the main railway line almost exactly halfway between the two largest cities of central Poland, Łódź and Warsaw.
Rural Electrification Act
The Rural Electrification Act of 1936 (REA), enacted on May 20, 1936, provided federal loans for the installation of electrical distribution systems to serve isolated rural areas of the United States.

The funding was channeled through cooperative electric power companies, hundreds of which still exist today. These member-owned cooperatives purchased power on a wholesale basis and distributed it using their own network of transmission and distribution lines. The Rural Electrification Act was one of many New Deal proposals by President Franklin D. Roosevelt to remedy high unemployment during the Great Depression.

Wholesaling
Wholesaling or distributing is the sale of goods or merchandise to retailers; to industrial, commercial, institutional or other professional business users; or to other wholesalers (wholesale businesses) and related subordinated services. In general, it is the sale of goods in bulk to anyone, either a person or an organization, other than the end consumer of that merchandise. Wholesaling involves purchasing goods in bulk, usually directly from the manufacturer or source, at a discounted rate. Retailers then sell these goods to end consumers at a higher price, generating a profit.

Traditionally, wholesalers were closer to the markets they supplied than the source from which they got the products. However, with the advent of the internet and e-procurement there is an increasing number of wholesalers located nearer to the manufacturers in China, Taiwan, and Southeast Asia. The profit margins of wholesalers depend largely on their ability to achieve market competitive transaction costs.
Folk deities of Sylhet
The folk deities of Sylhet are the various devas and devis that were traditionally worshipped by the syncretist societies in Bangladesh's northeastern Sylhet Division and the neighbouring Barak Valley in India.

Syncretism
Syncretism (/ˈsɪŋkrətɪzəm/) is the combining or merging of various distinct beliefs or schools of thought, particularly religious ones. For instance, features and components of one religion are incorporated and absorbed into another. It can include assimilation of several originally discrete traditions, especially in theology and mythology, thus asserting an underlying unity and allowing for an inclusive approach to multiple faiths. While syncretism in art and culture is sometimes likened to eclecticism, in the realm of religion, it specifically denotes a more integrated merging of beliefs into a unified system, distinct from eclecticism, which implies a selective adoption of elements from different traditions without necessarily blending them into a new, cohesive belief system.
Alexander Ipatov
Alexander Vladimirovich Ipatov (Ukrainian: Олександр Іпатов, romanized: Oleksandr Ipatov; born 16 July 1993) is a Ukrainian-born Turkish chess grandmaster. He is the top ranked chess player of Turkey. Ipatov was world junior champion in 2012 and Turkish champion in 2014 and 2015. Since 2012, he has played for the Turkish national team in the Chess Olympiad, World Team Chess Championship and European Team Chess Championship.

Chess Olympiad
The Chess Olympiad is a biennial chess tournament in which teams representing nations of the world compete. FIDE organises the tournament and selects the host nation. Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, FIDE held an Online Chess Olympiad in 2020 and 2021, with a rapid time control that affected players' online ratings.
Torrendiella
Torrendiella is a genus of fungi in the family Sclerotiniaceae. It was circumscribed by Jean Louis Émile Boudier and John Torrey in Bull. Soc. Mycol. France vol.27 on page 133 in 1911, with Torrendiella ciliata as the type species. Several species once placed in this genus were transferred to Hymenotorrendiella in 2014.

The genus name of Torrendiella is in honour of Camille Torrend (1875-1961), who was a Portuguese clergyman and mycologist. He was active in France, Portugal, Ireland and Brazil. He was also a professor of botany and phytopathology at the Imperial Agricultural School of Bahia.

Plant pathology
Plant pathology or phytopathology is the scientific study of plant diseases caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). Plant pathology involves the study of pathogen identification, disease etiology, disease cycles, economic impact, plant disease epidemiology, plant disease resistance, how plant diseases affect humans and animals, pathosystem genetics, and management of plant diseases.
Spectrolebias reticulatus
Spectrolebias reticulatus is a species of annual killifish in the genus Spectrolebias of the family Rivulidae, endemic to seasonal waters in the Paraguay, Tocantins–Araguaia, Xingu and Mamoré–Grande basins in Bolivia, Brazil and Paraguay. like other Spectrolebias species, S. reticulatus is threatened by habitat loss with its entire known range being in the area flooded by the Belo Monte Dam.

Río Grande (Bolivia)
The Río Grande (or Río Guapay) in Bolivia rises on the southern slope of the Cochabamba mountains, east of the city Cochabamba, at 17°26′11″S 65°52′22″W﻿ / ﻿17.43639°S 65.87278°W﻿ / -17.43639; -65.87278. At its source, it is known as the Rocha River. It crosses the Cochabamba valley basin in a westerly direction, turning south east after 65 kilometres (40 mi) and after another 50 km (31 mi) joining the Arque River at 17°42′10″S 66°14′45″W﻿ / ﻿17.70278°S 66.24583°W﻿ / -17.70278; -66.24583 and an elevation of 2,350 m (7,710 ft).

From this junction the river receives the name Caine River for 162 km (101 mi) and continues to flow in a south easterly direction, before it is called Río Grande. After a total of 500 km (310 mi) the river turns north east and in a wide curve flows round the lowland city of Santa Cruz.

After 1,438 km (894 mi), the Río Grande joins the Ichilo River at 15°48′09″S 64°43′47″W﻿ / ﻿15.80250°S 64.72972°W﻿ / -15.80250; -64.72972 which is a tributary to the Mamoré.
Rainer Hennes
Rainer Hennes (born 9 November 1942) was a West German sprint canoeist who competed in the early 1970s. He won two silver medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships, earning them in 1970 (K-4 10000 m) and 1971 (K-4 1000 m).

Hennes also finished fifth in the K-4 1000 m event at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich.

1970 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships
The 1970 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships were held in Copenhagen, Denmark for the second time after hosting the event in 1950. This event was held under the auspices of the International Canoe Federation. Beginning at these championships, the event would be held on an annual basis in non-Summer Olympic years, a tradition that continues as of 2026.

The men's competition consisted of four Canadian (single paddle, open boat) and nine kayak events. Three events were held for the women, all in kayak.

This was the eighth championships in canoe sprint.