hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Samoan nationality law
Samoan nationality law is regulated by the 1962 Constitution of Samoa, as amended; the Citizenship Act 2004, and its revisions; the Citizenship Investment Act 2015; and international agreements entered into by the Samoan government. These laws determine who is, or is eligible to be, a national of Samoa. The legal means to acquire nationality, formal legal membership in a nation, differ from the domestic relationship of rights and obligations between a national and the nation, known as citizenship. Samoan nationality is typically obtained either on the principle of jus soli (by birth in Samoa) or under the rules of jus sanguinis (by birth abroad to parents with Samoan nationality). It can be granted to persons who have lived in the country for a specific period of time, who have contributed to the country's development, or who have an affiliation to the country through naturalisation.

Constitution of Samoa
The Constitution of Samoa is a written constitution which is the supreme law in Samoa. It establishes Samoa as a parliamentary republic with a Westminster system and responsible government. It outlines the structure and powers of the Samoan government's three parts: the executive, legislature, and judiciary.

The constitution was drafted by a pair of constitutional conventions in 1954 and 1960. The final draft was approved by a referendum in 1961, and came into force when Samoa became independent on 1 January 1962.

The constitution can be amended by a two-thirds majority of the Legislative Assembly. It has been frequently amended, especially during the period of Human Rights Protection Party dominance from 1997 to 2021, often for the advantage of the ruling party.
Adam Litovitz
Adam Litovitz (August 16, 1982 – June 16, 2019) was a Canadian musician and composer. He was most noted for his work on the films Year of the Carnivore, for which he received a Genie Award nomination for Best Original Score at the 31st Genie Awards, and Octavio Is Dead!, for which he was nominated for Best Original Song at the 7th Canadian Screen Awards.

A frequent creative partner of Sook-Yin Lee, with whom he was in a 12-year romantic relationship, the duo also recorded and performed as the band Jooj, which released its debut album in 2015, and a posthumous album entitled jooj two in 2021 on Mint Records

Litovitz, who suffered from depression, was last seen on June 15, 2019, and reportedly died by suicide the next day. According to Toronto Police, his body was found on June 18, 2019.

7th Canadian Screen Awards
The 7th Canadian Screen Awards were presented by the Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television on March 31, 2019, to honour achievements in Canadian film, television, and digital media production in 2018.

Nominations were announced by the Academy on February 7, 2019. Early coverage of the nominations highlighted the fact that the Best Picture category consisted entirely of French-language films from Quebec, with not a single English-language film named in the category. This was also the first year that the ceremony did not have a host.
Sindhu Shyam
Sindhu Shyam is an Indian film and television actress, and a Bharathanatyam dancer. She made her acting debut through the Malayalam film Bhoothakkannadi directed by A. K. Lohithadas. Her role as Thilagavathi in Deivamagal increased her fame and gave her the other name Thilaga. She made her television debut with the serial Shakthi. She is known for her roles as  Revathy and Thilagavathy Raju in Pagal Nilavu and Deivamagal, respectively.

Star Vijay
Star Vijay is an Indian Tamil language general entertainment pay television channel owned by JioStar, a joint venture between Viacom18 and Disney India. The channel telecasts programmes such as serials, reality shows & Tamil films.
COU
COU is an acronym with several meanings:

(Cone of Uncertainty)

Columbia Regional Airport

Comité Olímpico Uruguayo, the Uruguayan Olympic Committee

Context of Use, with respect to biomarker-based evidence assessed at the US FDA

Council of Ontario Universities

Unidad de Valor Real, a reference currency of Columbia, by ISO 4217 currency code

Curso de Orientación Universitaria, a  sidancro former Spanish Pre-University academic course.

Biomarker
In biomedical contexts, a biomarker, or biological marker, is a measurable indicator of some biological state or condition. Biomarkers are often measured and evaluated using blood, urine, or soft tissues to examine normal biological processes, pathogenic processes, or pharmacologic responses to a therapeutic intervention. Biomarkers are used in many scientific fields.
Joanna Aizenberg
Joanna Aizenberg (born 1960) is a professor of chemistry and chemical biology at Harvard University. She is the Amy Smith Berylson Professor of Materials Science at Harvard's School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, the co-director of the Kavli Institute for Bionano Science and Technology and a core faculty member of the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering. She is a prominent figure in the field of biologically inspired materials science, having authored ~240 publications and holding ~70 patents.

Chemical biology
Chemical biology is a scientific field at the interface of chemistry and biology that applies chemical methods to the study of biological systems. It involves the use of chemical techniques, analytical approaches, and often small molecules produced through synthetic chemistry to probe, characterize, and manipulate biological processes and systems at the molecular level.

Although it overlaps with biochemistry, which focuses on the chemistry of biomolecules and the regulation of biochemical pathways within and between cells, chemical biology is distinguished by its emphasis on the deliberate design and application of chemical tools to address biological questions.
Airport Security Unit
An Airport Security Unit is a generic name for an organization that provides security at an airport.  Among these groups are:

Airport Security Unit (Hong Kong)

Airport Security Unit at Beirut Rafic Hariri International Airport in Beirut, Lebanon

Rhode Island Airport Police Department at the Theodore Francis Green State Airport in Rhode Island

Aetos Security Management at the Singapore Changi Airport

SATS Security Services at the Singapore Changi Airport

SATS Security Services
SATS Security Services Pte Ltd (SSS) is a subsidiary of SATS Ltd, providing security services for aviation-related activities at Singapore Changi Airport. It provides armed auxiliary police officers for mainly airline clients as an auxiliary police force under the Police Force Act 2004.

SATS also provides aviation security to airlines at Changi Airport in Singapore especially those managed by it parent ground handler SATS Ltd., although they also provide security to SATS-related facilities.
Lovers (Princess Princess album)
Lovers (ラヴァーズ, Ravāzu) is the fourth studio album by the Japanese girl band Princess Princess, released on November 17, 1989, by CBS Sony. While no singles were generated by the album, "Papa" was included as the B-side of the band's third No. 1 single "Oh Yeah!".

The album became the band's first to hit No. 1 on Oricon's albums chart. It was also certified as a Million seller and Quadruple Platinum by the RIAJ.

Recording Industry Association of Japan
The Recording Industry Association of Japan (RIAJ) (日本レコード協会, Nihon Rekōdo Kyōkai) is an industry trade group composed of Japanese corporations involved in the music industry. It was founded in 1942 as the Japan Phonogram Record Cultural Association, and adopted its current name in 1969.

The RIAJ's activities include promotion of music sales, enforcement of copyright law, and research related to the Japanese music industry. It publishes the annual RIAJ Year Book, a statistical summary of each year's music sales, as well as distributing a variety of other data.

Headquartered in Minato, Tokyo, the RIAJ has twenty member companies and a smaller number of associate and supporting members; some member companies are the Japanese branches of multinational corporations headquartered elsewhere.

The association is responsible for certifying gold and platinum albums and singles in Japan.
2007–08 Primeira Liga
The 2007–08 Primeira Liga was the 74th edition of the Primeira Liga, the top professional league for Portuguese association football clubs. It started on 17 August 2007 and ended on 11 May 2008, with the fixtures announced on 12 July 2007. Porto were the two-time defending champions, having won their 22nd title the previous season, and secured a third consecutive title for the second time in their history.

Porto and Sporting CP were both qualified for the 2008–09 UEFA Champions League group stage; Benfica, Marítimo and Vitória de Setúbal qualified for the 2008–09 UEFA Cup; in opposite, Boavista and União de Leiria were relegated to the Liga de Honra. Lisandro López was the top scorer with 24 goals.

C.F. Estrela da Amadora (1932)
Clube de Futebol Estrela da Amadora (Portuguese pronunciation: [ɨʃˈtɾelɐ ðamɐˈðoɾɐ]), sometimes just Estrela, was a Portuguese sports club (predominantly football) based in Amadora, northwest of Lisbon.

Founded in 1932, its football team won the Taça de Portugal in 1990 and played at Estádio José Gomes. After bankruptcy in 2011, it reformed in 2020 as Club Football Estrela da Amadora, a brand-new club that didn't take the honours and the exact name of the original one.
Too Late the Hero (song)
"Too Late the Hero" is a song written and recorded by the English rock musician John Entwistle, released as the lead single from his fifth solo studio album, Too Late the Hero (1981). Entwistle's best-selling single, it peaked at No. 76 on the UK singles chart and at No. 101 on the Billboard Bubbling Under Hot 100. It was Entwistle's only chart placing in the UK.

In the UK the single was released as a limited-run picture disc of 500, all hand signed by Entwistle in return for a case of the finest whiskey.

Whisky
Whisky or whiskey is a type of liquor made from fermented grain mash. Various grains (which may be malted) are used for different varieties, including barley, corn, rye, and wheat. Whisky is typically aged in wooden casks, commonly of charred white oak. Uncharred white oak casks previously used for the aging of port, rum, or sherry may be employed during storage to impart a unique flavour and colour.

Whisky is a strictly regulated spirit worldwide with many classes and types. The typical unifying characteristics of the different classes and types are the fermentation of grains, distillation, and aging in wooden barrels.
1936 USA Indoor Track and Field Championships
The 1936 USA Indoor Track and Field Championships were organized by the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) and served as the national championships in indoor track and field for the United States.

The men's edition was held at Madison Square Garden in New York City, New York, and it took place February 22. The women's meet was held separately at the St. Louis Coliseum in St. Louis, Missouri, taking place February 12.

At the women's championships, the "Fulton Flash" Helen Stephens broke the U.S. record in the 50 meters. About 1,000 spectators attended the women's meet despite inclement weather.

50 metres
50 metres, or 50-meter dash, is a sprint event in track and field, featured as an alternative to the 60 metres running event. It is a relatively uncommon non-championship event for indoor track and field, normally dominated by the best outdoor 100 metres runners. At outdoor athletics competitions it is used in the Special Olympics but otherwise a rare distance. The World Masters Rankings has recorded the event since the 2010s.

Records and personal bests in the 50 metres are frequently achieved in February and March as these dates coincide with the indoor athletics season.
Dim the Lights
Dim the Lights is a studio album by Mark Murphy.

Dim the Lights is the 43rd album by American jazz vocalist Mark Murphy. It was recorded in 1996 when Murphy was 64 years old and released by the Millennium label in Canada in 2004. This album is a collection of standards performed in duets with pianist Benny Green.

Victor Young
Albert Victor Young (August 8, 1899– November 10, 1956)  was an American composer, arranger, violinist and conductor. Young was posthumously awarded the Academy Award for Best Music Score of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture for Around the World in 80 Days at the 29th Academy Awards in 1957.
Dmitri Naumkin
Dmitri Dmitriyevich Naumkin (Russian: Дмитрий Дмитриевич Наумкин; born 24 July 1976) is a Russian former competitive ice dancer. With Olga Sharutenko, he is the 1995 World Junior champion, a two-time Nebelhorn Trophy champion (1995 and 1997), the 1996 Karl Schäfer Memorial, and a two-time Winter Universiade champion (1997 and 1999).

Figure skating at the Winter World University Games
Figure skating is a part of the FISU World University Games. It was first held as part of the Universiade in 1960. Medals may be awarded in men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, ice dancing, and synchronized skating.
TWR
TWR may mean:

Tom Walkinshaw Racing, a racing team and engineering company founded in 1976

Trans World Radio, a multinational Christian evangelistic broadcaster

Traveling wave reactor, a type of nuclear reactor that would convert fertile material into fissile fuel

Tokyo Waterfront Area Rapid Transit, Japan

Thrust-to-Weight Ratio of an aircraft or spaceship engine.

Time-weighted return is a method of calculating investment return.

Tuas West Road MRT station, Mass Rapid Transit station in Singapore, MRT station abbreviation

Tyne and Wear, county in England, Chapman code

Thousand Week Reich, a mod for the computer wargame Hearts of Iron IV

Hearts of Iron IV
Hearts of Iron IV, also commonly known as HOI4, is a 2016 grand strategy video game developed by Paradox Development Studio and published by Paradox Interactive. It is the sequel to 2009's Hearts of Iron III and the fourth main installment in the Hearts of Iron series. Like previous games in the series, Hearts of Iron IV is a grand strategy wargame that focuses on World War II. The player can control any country in the world, starting either in 1936 or 1939. Players have the option of following a nation's historical path, or leading various non-historical paths. The game allows players to take part in both single-player and multiplayer modes.

By May 2018, the game had sold a total of one and a half million copies worldwide. As of November 2025, the game has sold over seven million copies on Steam alone. Since its release, Paradox has released large amounts of downloadable content for Hearts of Iron IV.
Statue of Yuri Gagarin, Greenwich
The Statue of Yuri Gagarin in Greenwich, London, is a zinc statue depicting the cosmonaut wearing a spacesuit and standing on top of a globe. The 3.5-metre (11 ft) high statue is a replica of an original by Anatoly Novikov in Lyubertsy, where Gagarin was trained as a foundry worker. It was a gift to the British Council from the Russian space agency Roscosmos as a part of several cultural events commemorating the 50th anniversary of the first human spaceflight.

Vostok 1
Vostok 1 (Russian: Восток, lit. 'East'  or 'Orient') was the first spaceflight of the Vostok programme and the first human orbital spaceflight in history. The Vostok 3KA space capsule was launched from Baikonur Cosmodrome on 12 April 1961, with Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin aboard, making him the first human to reach orbital velocity around the Earth and to complete a full orbit around the Earth.

The orbital spaceflight consisted of a single orbit around Earth which skimmed the upper atmosphere at 169 kilometers (105 miles; 91 nautical miles) at its lowest point. The flight took 108 minutes from launch to landing. Gagarin parachuted to the ground separately from his capsule after ejecting at 7 km (23,000 ft) altitude.
Seven Mile River (East Brookfield River tributary)
The Seven Mile River or Sevenmile River is a 9.6-mile-long (15.4 km) stream in central Massachusetts. It heads at Browning Pond, at the Oakham and Spencer border, and travels south through Spencer, following a short distance from State Route 31 (North Spencer Road). It crosses under Route 31 the highway becomes Pleasant Street, then continues south along Old Meadow Road and under State Route 9 near the junction of State Route 49. It then parallels Route 9 to its south until it joins the East Brookfield River between Lake Lashaway and Quaboag Pond.

Lake Lashaway
Lake Lashaway is a 293-acre (1.19 km2) artificial lake located in Worcester County, Massachusetts, near the towns of East Brookfield and North Brookfield and just to the north of state Route 9 as it passes through East Brookfield. The East Brookfield and North Brookfield town lines run through the lake.
Trying to Recall
"Trying to Recall" is an acoustic song written by Swedish schoolteacher Marie Lindberg in May 1998, with song lyrics describing a couple who are about to go apart from each other. The song was performed by herself at Melodifestivalen 2007. The song participated in the semifinals inside Scandinavium in Gothenburg on 10 February 2007, heading directly to the finals inside the Stockholm Globe Arena, where it ended up 5th. On 5 March 2007, the single was released, peaking at 4th position at the Swedish singles chart.

The song also charted at Svensktoppen, entering the chart on 22 April 2007 ending up 4th. and the song also peaked at 4th position there. On 10 June 2007, the song had been knocked down to the 8th position, ending an eight weeks long Svensktoppen visit.

Avicii Arena
Avicii Arena, originally known as the Stockholm Globe Arena and previously as the Ericsson Globe, but commonly referred to in Swedish simply as Globen (Swedish: [ˈɡlǔːbɛn] ⓘ; lit. 'the Globe'), is an indoor arena located in Stockholm Globe City, Johanneshov district of Stockholm, Sweden. Despite the name changes, the local metro station is still named Globen metro station.

The arena represents the Sun in the Sweden Solar System, the world's largest scale model of the Solar System.
Agora (Thrace)
Agora (Ancient Greek: Ἀγορά), also called Cherronesos or Chersonesos (Ancient Greek: Χερρόνησος, Χερσόνησος; IPA(key): /kʰer.ró.nɛː.sos/, /kʰer.só.nɛː.sos/), was an ancient Greek town in Thrace. It was situated about the middle of the narrow neck of the Thracian Chersonese (called today Gallipoli peninsula), and not far from Cardia, in what is now European Turkey.

It was a colony of Athens, founded between 561 and 556 BCE, and a member of the Delian League. It is known for its series of tyrants in antiquity. Xerxes, when invading Greece in 480 BCE, passed through it.

Its site is tentatively located near modern Bolayır, Turkey.

Miltiades
Miltiades (/mɪlˈtaɪəˌdiːz/; Ancient Greek: Μιλτιάδης Κίμωνος; c. 550 – 489 BC), also known as Miltiades the Younger, was a Greek Athenian statesman known mostly for his role in the Battle of Marathon, as well as for his downfall afterwards. He was the son of Cimon Coalemos, a renowned Olympic chariot-racer, and the father of Cimon, the noted Athenian statesman.
Viktor Maslov (mathematician)
Viktor Pavlovich Maslov (Russian: Виктор Павлович Маслов; 15 June 1930 – 3 August 2023) was a Russian mathematical physicist. He was a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences. He obtained his doctorate in physico-mathematical sciences in 1957.  His main fields of interest were quantum theory, idempotent analysis, non-commutative analysis, superfluidity, superconductivity, and phase transitions. He was editor-in-chief of Mathematical Notes and Russian Journal of Mathematical Physics.

The Maslov index is named after him. He also introduced the concept of Lagrangian submanifold.

Symplectic manifold
In differential geometry, a symplectic manifold is a smooth manifold, , equipped with a closed nondegenerate differential 2-form , called the symplectic form. The study of symplectic manifolds is called symplectic geometry or symplectic topology. Symplectic manifolds arise naturally in abstract formulations of classical mechanics and analytical mechanics as the cotangent bundles of manifolds. For example, in the Hamiltonian formulation of classical mechanics, which provides one of the major motivations for the field, the set of all possible configurations of a system is modeled as a manifold, and this manifold's cotangent bundle describes the phase space of the system.
Glycinamide
Glycinamide is an organic compound with the molecular formula H2NCH2C(O)NH2.  It is the amide derivative of the amino acid glycine. It is a water-soluble, white solid.  Amino acid amides, such as glycinamide are prepared by treating the amino acid ester with ammonia.

It is a ligand for transition metals, related to amino acid complexes.  As a neutral ligand, it binds through the amine.  In some complexes, it binds through the amine and the carbonyl oxygen, forming a five-membered chelate ring.

The hydrochloride salt of glycinamide, glycinamide hydrochloride, is one of Good's buffers with a pH in the physiological range.  Glycinamide hydrochloride has a pKa near the physiological pH (8.20 at 20°C), making it useful in cell culture work. Its ΔpKa/°C is -0.029 and it has a solubility in water at 0 °C of 6.4 M.

Glycinamide is a reagent used in the synthesis of glycineamide ribonucleotide (an intermediate in de novo purine biosynthesis).

Hydrochloride
In chemistry, a hydrochloride is an acid salt resulting, or regarded as resulting, from the reaction of hydrochloric acid with an organic base (e.g. an amine). An alternative name is chlorhydrate, which comes from French. An archaic alternative name is muriate, derived from hydrochloric acid's ancient name: muriatic acid.
Abhayagiri Buddhist Monastery
Abhayagiri is a Theravadin Buddhist monastery of the Thai Forest Tradition in Redwood Valley, California. Its chief priorities are the teaching of Buddhist ethics, together with traditional concentration and insight meditation (also known as the Noble Eightfold Path), as an effective way of completely uprooting suffering and discontent. Abhayagiri means 'fearless mountain' in the Pali language.

Anapanasati
Ānāpānasati (Pali; Sanskrit: ānāpānasmṛti), meaning "mindfulness of breathing" (sati means mindfulness; ānāpāna refers to inhalation and exhalation), is the act of paying attention to the breath. It is the quintessential form of Buddhist meditation, attributed to Gautama Buddha, and described in several suttas, most notably the Ānāpānasati Sutta (MN 118).

Derivations of anāpānasati are common to Tibetan, Zen, Tiantai, and Theravada Buddhism as well as Western-based mindfulness programs.
Aina Onabolu
Chief Aina Onabolu listenⓘOBE (1882 – 1963) was a pioneering Nigerian modern arts teacher and painter who was an important figure in the introduction of arts into the curriculum of secondary schools in the country. He promoted the drawing of environmental forms in a verisimilitudinous style and was known for his early modern work in portraiture. Aina is the great-grandfather of Canadian pop singer Joseph Onabolu.

Tribal chief
A tribal chief, chieftain, or headman is a political leader of a social group commonly described as a tribe, band, or confederation of tribes. Chiefs’ authority varies widely by society and context, and in many cases depends on consensus and customary legitimacy rather than coercive power. In anthropology, terms such as tribe, chief, and chiefdom have been used in comparative models of sociopolitical organization, but the analytic use of tribe has also been widely criticized as imprecise and historically burdened. In some contemporary states, forms of chiefly authority are formally recognized or regulated by constitutions and statutes.
Zehrudin Mehmedović
Zehrudin Mehmedović (born 15 March 1998), also known as Zeko, is a Serbian professional footballer who most recently played as a forward or attacking midfielder for Serbian League West club, FK FAP, on loan from FK Sloboda Užice. He was a member of the Serbia national under-17 team.

FK Sloboda Užice
Gradski fudbalski klub Sloboda Užice (Serbian Cyrillic: Градски фудбалски клуб Слобода Ужице) is a Serbian professional football club based in Užice. They are currently playing in the Serbian League West, the third tier of Serbian football.