hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ministry of Defence and National Service (Tanzania)
The Ministry of Defence and National Service (MODANS) is the government ministry of Tanzania that is responsible for defence and national service.

The ministry was established as an independent ministry in November 1995. It was under the control of the office of Second Vice President from 1972 to 1989, and under the control of the office of the President of Tanzania from 1989 to November 1995.

Stergomena Tax
Stergomena Lawrence Tax (born 6 July 1960) was Tanzania's minister of defence and national service from 1 September 2023 to 3 November 2025, she became the first woman to hold the title since the country’s independence. She was previously the minister of foreign affairs and east african cooperation. Before that she served as the executive secretary of the Southern African Development Community (SADC).
Berruti
Berruti is an Italian surname. Prominent individuals with this surname include:

Arnoldo Berruti, Italian water polo player

Giulio Berruti (born 1984), Italian actor

Livio Berruti (born 1939), Italian sprint runner

Valerio Berruti (born 1977), Italian artist

Livio Berruti
Livio Berruti (born 19 May 1939) is an Italian former athlete who was the winner of the 200-meter dash in the 1960 Summer Olympics.

He won five medals, at individual level, and three medals with the national relay team at the International athletics competitions.
Bacon-Fraser House
The Bacon-Fraser House is a historic home in Hinesville, Georgia in Liberty County, Georgia, built in 1839, two years after Hinesville was founded. It is  a two-story Plantation Plain style house with weatherboard sides.  The house is raised and rests on Savannah brick piers.  A rear shed room and ell addition was added in 1979, built on foundations that are believed to have been original to rear rooms that were removed in 1923.

During the American Civil War, General Sherman's army occupied the plantation in 1864, pillaged it, and burned the outbuildings.

In 1980, Savannah Landscape Architect Clermont Huger Lee designed a period appropriate planting plan for residence area. Coincidentally, Lee's niece married a descendant of the Bacon-Fraser's.

The site was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.
It is the only building surviving from Hinesville's early settlement period. The house is far back from Court Street but there is a historical marker near the street.

Clermont Huger Lee
Clermont Huger Lee (March 4, 1914 – June 14, 2006) was a landscape architect from Savannah, Georgia, most known for her work designing gardens and parks for historical landmarks in the state. Specifically, Lee is known for her designs such as the Juliette Gordon Low Birthplace, Isaiah Davenport House and Owens–Thomas House. Lee assisted in founding of the Georgia State Board of Landscape Architects, which serves as a licensing board for landscape architects throughout Georgia. She is considered one of the first women to establish their own private architecture practice in Georgia and was inducted into the Georgia Women of Achievement in 2017 and Savannah College of Art and Design's Savannah Women of Vision on February 14, 2020. SCAD honors Lee with a gold relief in its Arnold hall.
Tiffany Foster
Tiffany Foster (born 24 July 1984) is a Canadian equestrian who competes in the sport of show jumping.

At the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, Foster was a member of the Canadian team in team jumping but she was disqualified before the final due to hypersensitivity in the front leg of her horse, Victor.

In July 2015 Foster was part of the Gold medal winning team in the Toronto Pan-Am Games.

In July 2016, she was named to Canada's Olympic team.

In 2022 she was the leading Canadian rider at the World Championships in Herning, Denmark.

Foster is an avid interior decorator in her spare time. She has completed projects across the United States and in Belgium and Canada.

Show jumping
Show jumping is a part of a group of English riding equestrian events that also includes eventing, hunters, and equitation. Jumping classes are commonly seen at horse shows throughout the world, including the Olympics. Sometimes shows are limited exclusively to jumpers. Sometimes jumper classes are offered in conjunction with other English-style events. Sometimes, show jumping is but one division of a very large, all-breed competition that includes a very wide variety of disciplines. Jumping classes may be governed by various national horse show sanctioning organizations, such as the United States Equestrian Federation or the British Showjumping Association.  International competitions are governed by the rules of the International Federation for Equestrian Sports.
Rye Town Park-Bathing Complex and Oakland Beach
Rye Town Park-Bathing Complex and Oakland Beach is a historic park and public beach located on Long Island Sound at Rye City, Westchester County, New York. It is located next to the separately listed Playland Amusement Park.  It was designed in 1909 by architects Upjohn & Conable (Hobart Upjohn and George W. Conable) and landscape architects Brinley & Holbrook.  There are six historically significant buildings and structures; they are the Mission Revival style Bathing Complex. This includes the Bathing Pavilion and two shelters, a restaurant (1910), the Spring House, and the Women's Bath House (1925).

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.

Long Island Sound
Long Island Sound is a marine sound and tidal estuary of the Atlantic Ocean. It lies predominantly between the U.S. state of Connecticut to the north and Long Island in New York state to the south. From west to east, the sound stretches 110 mi (180 km) from the East River and the Throgs Neck Bridge in New York City, along the North Shore of Long Island, to Block Island Sound. The sound forms part of the Intracoastal Waterway.

A mix of freshwater from tributaries, and saltwater from the Atlantic Ocean, Long Island Sound is 21 miles (34 km) at its widest point and varies in depth from 65 to 230 feet (20 to 70 m).
Illusive Networks
Illusive Networks is a cybersecurity firm headquartered in Tel Aviv, Israel and New York. The company produces technology that stops cyber attackers from moving laterally inside networks by finding and eliminating errant credentials and connections, planting deceptive information about given network's resources, emulating devices, and deploying high interactivity decoys. Network administrators are alerted when cyber attackers use security deceptions in an attempt to exploit the network. Illusive Networks is the first company launched by the Tel Aviv-based incubator, Team8. In June 2015, Illusive Networks received $5 million in Series A funding from Team8. To date, it has raised over $54M.

Series A round
A series A is the name typically given to a company's first significant round of venture capital financing. It can be followed by the word round, investment or financing. The name refers to the class of preferred stock sold to investors in exchange for their investment.  It is usually the first series of stock after the common stock and common stock options issued to company founders, employees, friends and family and angel investors.

Series A rounds are traditionally a critical stage in the funding of new companies. Series A investors typically purchase 10% to 30% of the company. The capital raised during a series A is usually intended to capitalize the company for 6 months to 2 years as it develops its products, performs initial marketing and branding, hires its initial employees, and otherwise undertakes early stage business operations.

It may be followed by more rounds (Series B, Series C, etc).
Duke of Lancaster (ship)
A number of ships were named Duke of Lancaster, including:

Duke of Lancaster, of 556 tons (bm), was launched at Liverpool for Gladstone & Co. She traded with India under a licence from the British East India Company. She was last listed in 1844.

SS Duke of Lancaster (1895)

RMS Duke of Lancaster (1927)

TSS Duke of Lancaster (1955)

TSS Duke of Lancaster
53°18′23.23″N 3°14′8.52″W﻿ / ﻿53.3064528°N 3.2357000°W﻿ / 53.3064528; -3.2357000

TSS Duke of Lancaster is a  passenger ship that was operated by British Railways from 1956 to 1979. It is currently beached at Llannerch-y-Mor Wharf near Mostyn Docks, on the River Dee, in north Wales. She replaced an earlier 3,600-ton ship of the same name operated by the London Midland and Scottish Railway company between Heysham and Belfast.

As of 2021 she was owned by Antony Rowley and The Duke of Lancaster Appreciation Society.
Moffatt Oxenbould
Moffatt Benjamin Oxenbould AM (born 18 November 1943) is a retired Australian opera director.

The Sydney-born Oxenbould was artistic director of Opera Australia from 1984 until his retirement in 1999. In 1962 he joined the company – known as Elizabethan Theatre Trust Opera Company – after graduating from the National Institute of Dramatic Art in theatre production. After his retirement he directed with Opera Australia and Houston Grand Opera and was a presenter with the classical music radio station ABC Classic FM.

Oxenbould was made a Member of the Order of Australia in January 1985 for his services to opera. In 2005 he released his memoirs Timing is Everything, describing his 37 years in opera in Australia. The Sydney Morning Herald's reviewer Andrew Riemer found it "a well-written, comprehensive and absorbing account". His long-term domestic partner is operatic tenor Graeme Ewer.

Artistic director
An artistic director is the executive of an arts organization, particularly in a theatre company or dance company, who handles the organization's artistic direction. They are generally a producer and director, but not in the sense of a mogul, since the organization is generally a non-profit organization. The artistic director of a theatre company is the individual with the overarching artistic control of the theatre's production choices, directorial choices, and overall artistic vision.  In smaller theatres, the artistic director may be the founder of the theatre and the primary director of its plays.  In larger non-profit theatres (often known in Canada and the United States as regional theatres), the artistic director may be appointed by the board of directors.
Margaret Brown (criminal)
Margaret Brown (born c. 1828) was an Irish-born American criminal and thief in New York during the late 19th century. She was most widely known under the name Old Mother Hubbard, after the nursery rhyme of that name, which was popular at the time. Among her aliases she also included the surnames Young and Haskins. She was one of the most well-publicized female thieves in the United States during the mid-to late 19th century and was part of Marm Mandelbaum's "inner circle" which included other notorious women such as Big Mary, Sophie Lyons, Queen Liz and Lena Kleinschmidt.

Old Mother Hubbard
"Old Mother Hubbard" is an English-language nursery rhyme, first given an extended printing in 1805, although the exact origin of the rhyme is disputed. It has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 19334. After a notable nursery success, it was eventually adapted to a large variety of practical and entertaining uses.
James DeNoon Reymert
James DeNoon Reymert (October 24, 1821 – March 25, 1896) was a Norwegian American immigrant, newspaper editor, mine operator, lawyer, and politician.  He was a pioneer settler in the Wisconsin Territory, early elected official in the state of Wisconsin and founded the first Norwegian-language newspaper to be published in the United States.  Later he was a pioneer of the Arizona Territory, and owned several silver mines in Pinal County.

Norwegian Americans
Norwegian Americans (Norwegian: Norskamerikanere/Norskamerikanarar) are Americans with ancestral roots in Norway.  Norwegian immigrants went to the United States primarily in the latter half of the 19th century and the first few decades of the 20th century. There are more than 4.5 million Norwegian Americans, according to the 2021 U.S. census; most live in the Upper Midwest and on the West Coast of the United States.
Gérard La Forest
Gérard Vincent La Forest CC KC FRSC (April 1, 1926 – June 12, 2025) was a Canadian judge who was a puisne justice of the Supreme Court of Canada. He served in that capacity from January 16, 1985 to September 30, 1997. He was later counsel at the law firm of Stewart McKelvey in Fredericton, New Brunswick.

Puisne judge
Puisne judge and puisne justice (/ˈpjuːni/) are terms for an ordinary judge or a judge of lesser rank of a particular court.  The term comes from a combination of the two French words, puis (since, later) and né (born) which have been combined as French: puisné or puîné; meaning "junior".
IRIB UHD
IRIB UHD is one of the state-owned television channels in Iran, managed by the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting Organization. This channel is the first Persian-language television channel with 4K resolution, which began operating in November 2020. This channel is managed by Abolfazl Salehi.

4K resolution
4K resolution is a horizontal display resolution of approximately 4,000 pixels. For digital cinematography, it is 3996 × 2160 (DCI 4K), typically with a 16.65:9 (1.85:1) aspect ratio; for digital television, it is 3840 × 2160 (4K UHD), typically with a 16:9 (1.78:1) aspect ratio.

The 4K television market share increased as prices fell dramatically throughout 2013 and 2014.
Glavan
Glavan or Hlavan (Ukrainian: Главан) is a surname. Notable people include:

Andrej Glavan (born 1943), Slovenian Roman Catholic prelate

Damir Glavan (born 1974), Croatian water polo player

Igor Glavan, alternative transliteration of Ihor Hlavan (born 1990), Ukrainian race walker

Marcel Glăvan (born 1975), Romanian-Spanish canoeist

Marina Glavan (born 1991), Croatian handball player

Ruxanda Glavan (born 1980), Moldovan politician

Marcel Glăvan
Marcel Glăvan (born 9 March 1975 in Drăgușeni) is a Romanian-born Spanish flatwater canoer who competed from the mid-1990s to the early 2000s (decade). During the mid-1990s, he won two world championship titles in the C-4 event. He was an Olympic silver medalist at the 1996 Summer Olympics in the C-2 1000 m event with partner Antonel Borșan. He also won a C-4 1000 m gold medal at the 1997 European Championships in Plovdiv, Bulgaria.

Competition for a place in the Romanian national team is famously stiff and after a disappointing seventh place in the C-4 1000 m at the 1998 world championships team leader Ivan Patzaichin dropped various stars, including Glăvan. He thus found himself an ex-international at the age of just 23. In 2000, he took Spanish nationality and represented his adopted country at the 2001 and 2002 world championships, reaching the C-4 1000 m final both times.

He is now a coach for High Performance "Infanta Cristina".
Clinical Practice Research Datalink
The Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) is an observational and interventional research service that operates as part of the Department of Health and Social Care. It is jointly funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) and the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA). CPRD is working closely with the extensive primary care, topic specific and comprehensive NIHR research networks and with NHS Digital.

Primary care
Primary care is the day-to-day healthcare given by a health care provider. Typically, this provider acts as the first contact and principal point of continuing care for patients within a healthcare system, and coordinates any additional care the patient may require. Patients commonly receive primary care from professionals such as a primary care physician (general practitioner or family physician), a physician assistant, a physical therapist, or a nurse practitioner. In some localities, such a professional may be a registered nurse, a pharmacist, a clinical officer (as in parts of Africa), or an Ayurvedic or other traditional medicine professional (as in parts of Asia). Depending on the nature of the health condition, patients may then be referred for secondary or tertiary care.
Paul de Krom
Paul de Krom (born 10 February 1963) is a Dutch business executive and former politician of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD). He has been CEO and Chairman of the Organisation for Applied Scientific Research from March 2015 till February 2022, and CEO and Chairman of the Energy Research Centre since 1 April 2018. He has also served as Chairman of the Distribution association since 3 April 2018.

De Krom was elected as a Member of the House of Representatives after the election of 2003, he served in the House of Representatives from 30 January 2003 until 14 October 2010. After the election of 2010 De Krom was appointed as State Secretary for Social Affairs and Employment in the Cabinet Rutte I, serving from 14 October 2010 until 5 November 2012.

After the fall of the Cabinet Rutte I De Krom announced his semi-retirement from national politics and didn't stand for the election of 2012.

Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research
The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (Dutch: Nederlandse Organisatie voor Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek, abbreviated TNO, "Dutch Organisation for Applied Scientific Research") is an independent statutory research organisation in the Netherlands that focuses on applied science. It conducts contract research, offers specialist consulting services, and grants licenses for patents and specialist software. TNO founds new companies to market innovations.
Pipistrel Twister
The Pipistrel Twister is a Slovenian ultralight trike, designed and produced by Pipistrel of Ajdovščina. It was distributed in Europe by Flight Team UG & Company AG of Ippesheim and sometimes called the Flight Team Twister. The aircraft is supplied as a complete ready-to-fly-aircraft.

By October 2018 it was listed as a "legacy" product and production had ended.

Aircraft fairing
An aircraft fairing is a structure whose primary function is to produce a smooth outline and reduce drag.

These structures are covers for gaps and spaces between parts of an aircraft to reduce form drag and interference drag, and to improve appearance.
Sikta railway station
Sikta railway station (Station code: STF) is a small railway station located in Bihar, India. It is operated by Indian Railways under the East Central Railway zone. The station serves the local population of Sikta and nearby villages, facilitating passenger movement in the region. Despite being a smaller station compared to major junctions, it plays an important role in connecting residents to larger towns and cities along the route. The station handles around 500+ passengers daily, providing essential rail connectivity for commuting and regional travel.

Junction station
Junction station usually refers to a railway station situated either on or close to a rail junction, where lines to two or more destinations diverge.

Many junction stations have multiple platform faces to enable trains for multiple destinations to stand at the station at the same time, but this is not necessary.

There are many stations with the word "junction" in their title, such as:
William Edward Mattocks House
William Edward Mattocks House is a historic home located at Swansboro, Onslow County, North Carolina. It was started in 1901 and completed in the 1910s.  It is a 1+1⁄2-story, Colonial Revival style frame dwelling.  It has board-and-batten siding, a steeply pitched gable roof with dormers, and two-tier engaged porch.  Also on the property is a similar 1+1⁄2-story frame house built about 1931 and operated as a cafe.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.

Batten
A batten is most commonly a strip of solid material, historically  wood but can also be of plastic, metal, or fiberglass.  Battens are variously used in construction, sailing, and other fields.

In the lighting industry, battens refer to linear  light fittings.

In the steel industry, battens used as furring may also be referred to as "top hats", in reference to the profile of the metal.
439th Airlift Wing
The 439th Airlift Wing is an active United States Air Force Reserve unit.  It is assigned to the Air Force Reserve Command, Fourth Air Force, and is based at Westover Air Reserve Base, Massachusetts.

The peacetime mission includes recruiting, training and supervision of personnel to assure mission readiness. The wing is also responsible for the management of aircraft maintenance and all assigned Air Force combat support real property, equipment and supplies.

Fourth Air Force
The Fourth Air Force (4 AF) is a numbered air force of the Air Force Reserve Command (AFRC). It is headquartered at March Air Reserve Base, California.

4 AF directs the activities and supervises the training of more than 30,000 Air Force Reservists.  If called to active duty, 4 AF's ready reserve units would be assigned to Air Mobility Command, Air Education and Training Command, and Pacific Air Forces. Several airfields are associated with the Fourth Air Force.

One of the four original pre–World War II numbered air forces, 4 AF was activated on 18 December 1940, at March Field, California with a mission of air defense of the Southwestern United States and Lower Midwest regions. During the war, its primary mission became the organization and training of combat units prior to their deployment to the overseas combat air forces.

4 AF is commanded by Major General Derin S. Durham.
Chullora
Chullora is a suburb in Western Sydney in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is part of the City of Canterbury-Bankstown local government area, and is located 15 kilometres west of the Sydney central business district.  The suburb is entirely industrial and commercial, and in the 2021 census recorded a population of 14.

Hume Highway
The Hume Highway, including the sections now known as the Hume Freeway and the Hume Motorway, is one of Australia's major inter-city national highways, running for 840 kilometres (520 mi) between Melbourne in the northeast and Sydney in the southwest. Upgrading of the route from Sydney's outskirts to Melbourne's outskirts to dual carriageway was completed on 7 August 2013.

From north to south, the road is called the Hume Highway in metropolitan Sydney, the Hume Motorway between the Cutler Interchange and Berrima, the Hume Highway elsewhere in New South Wales and the Hume Freeway in Victoria. It is part of the Auslink National Network and is a vital link for road freight to transport goods to and from the two cities as well as serving Albury–Wodonga and Canberra. It is therefore considered to be Australia's longest highway in terms of its dual-carriageway standard retaining the M, or motorway, alphanumeric.
ATPase assay
The ATPase assay is a membrane assay that indirectly measures the activity of efflux transporters. ATP Binding Cassette or efflux transporters mediate the transport of substrates across cell membranes against a concentration gradient. ATP cleavage is tightly linked to substrate translocation, as the energy for the substrate translocation is derived from ATP hydrolysis. ATP hydrolysis yields inorganic phosphate (Pi), which can be measured by a simple colorimetric reaction. The amount of Pi liberated is directly proportional to the activity of the transporter.

Fick's laws of diffusion
Fick's laws of diffusion describe diffusion and were first posited by Adolf Fick in 1855 on the basis of largely experimental results. They can be used to solve for the diffusion coefficient, D. Fick's first law can be used to derive his second law, which in turn is identical to the diffusion equation.

Fick's first law: Movement of particles from high to low concentration (diffusive flux) is directly proportional to the particle's concentration gradient.

Fick's second law: Prediction of change in concentration gradient with time due to diffusion.

A diffusion process that obeys Fick's laws is called normal or Fickian diffusion; otherwise, it is called anomalous diffusion or non-Fickian diffusion.