hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
St David's Battery
St. David's Battery is a disused fixed battery on St. David's Island, Bermuda maintained until 1953 by the Bermuda Garrison of the British Army.  It was built and manned by the Royal Garrison Artillery and the Royal Engineers, and their part-time reserves, the Bermuda Militia Artillery and the Bermuda Volunteer Engineers. Its rifled breech-loader (RBL) artillery guns guarded the eastern approach to St. George's Harbour. In wartime it served as an examination battery.

Royal Garrison Artillery
The Royal Garrison Artillery (RGA) was formed in 1899 as a distinct arm of the British Army's  Royal Regiment of Artillery serving alongside the other two arms of the Regiment, the Royal Field Artillery (RFA) and the Royal Horse Artillery (RHA).  The RGA were the 'technical' branch of the Royal Artillery who were responsible for much of the professionalisation of technical gunnery that was to occur during the First World War.  It was originally established to man the guns of the British Empire's forts and fortresses, including coastal artillery batteries, the heavy gun batteries attached to each infantry division and the guns of the siege artillery. The RGA was amalgamated with the RFA in 1924, from which time the only two arms within the Royal Regiment of Artillery have been the Royal Artillery and the Royal Horse Artillery.
Libman–Sacks endocarditis
Libman–Sacks endocarditis is a form of non-bacterial endocarditis that is seen in association with systemic lupus erythematosus, antiphospholipid syndrome, and malignancies. It is one of the most common cardiac manifestations of lupus (the most common being pericarditis).

Embolism
An embolism is the lodging of an embolus, a blockage-causing piece of material, inside a blood vessel. The embolus may be a blood clot (thrombus), a fat globule (fat embolism), a bubble of air or other gas (gas embolism), amniotic fluid (amniotic fluid embolism), or foreign material.

An embolism can cause partial or total blockage of blood flow in the affected vessel. Such a blockage (vascular occlusion) may affect a part of the body distant from the origin of the embolus. An embolism in which the embolus is a piece of thrombus is called a thromboembolism.

An embolism is usually a pathological event, caused by illness or injury. Sometimes it is created intentionally for a therapeutic reason, such as to stop bleeding or to kill a cancerous tumor by stopping its blood supply. Such therapy is called embolization.
Sigmundur Már Herbertsson
Sigmundur Már Herbertsson (born 1 August 1968) is an Icelandic basketball referee and former player. He has been named the Icelandic Referee of the Year fourteen times. He was a FIBA referee from 2004 to 2018 and officiated a total of 233 international games during his career.

Njarðvík (men's basketball)
The Njarðvík men's basketball team, commonly known as Njarðvík or UMFN, is the men's basketball department of Ungmennafélag Njarðvíkur, based in the town of Reykjanesbær in Iceland.

It is one of the most successful men's team in Icelandic basketball, winning 17 national championships. The team, then known as Íþróttafélag Keflavíkurflugvallar (ÍKF), was one of the founding members of the Icelandic top league in 1952 and won the first Icelandic men's championship that same year. In 1969 the team merged into Ungmennafélag Njarðvíkur and became its basketball department.
Equivariant L-function
In algebraic number theory, an equivariant Artin L-function is a function associated to a finite Galois extension of global fields created by packaging together the various Artin L-functions associated with the extension.  Each extension has many traditional Artin L-functions associated with it, corresponding to the characters of representations of the Galois group. By contrast, each extension has a unique corresponding equivariant L-function.

Equivariant L-functions have become increasingly important as a wide range of conjectures and theorems in number theory have been developed around them.  Among these are the Brumer–Stark conjecture, the Coates-Sinnott conjecture, and a recently developed equivariant version of the main conjecture in Iwasawa theory.

Galois extension
In mathematics, a Galois extension is an algebraic field extension E/F that is normal and separable; or equivalently, E/F is algebraic, and the field fixed by the automorphism group Aut(E/F) is precisely the base field F. The significance of being a Galois extension is that the extension has a Galois group and obeys the fundamental theorem of Galois theory.

A result of Emil Artin allows one to construct Galois extensions as follows: If E is a given field, and G is a finite group of automorphisms of E with fixed field F, then E/F is a Galois extension.

The property of an extension being Galois behaves well with respect to  field composition and intersection.
David W. Kendall
David Walbridge Kendall Sr. (February 2, 1916 – December 27, 1976) was an American attorney who served as the White House Counsel to President Dwight D. Eisenhower from 1958 to 1961. David served in the Second World War, as the 82nd Airborne Division as a Lieutenant Colonel, retiring from the Army in 1948. After his retirement, the President of the United States would nominate him as the White House Councel in 1958.

White House Counsel
The White House counsel is a senior staff appointee of the president of the United States whose role is to advise the president on all legal issues concerning the president and their administration.  The White House counsel also oversees the Office of White House Counsel, a team of lawyers and support staff who provide legal guidance for the president and the White House Office.  At least when the White House counsel is advising the president on legal matters pertaining to the duties or prerogatives of the president, this office is also called counsel to the President.  When initially created, it was named simply Special Counsel.

David Warrington is the current White House counsel, serving since January 20, 2025.
The Bad Book
The Bad Book is a 2004 book by Andy Griffiths, who wrote the novel The Day My Bum Went Psycho, with Terry Denton, who also did the illustrations. It is a compilation of stories, drawings, rhymes and poems about such quirky characters like 'Bad Baby', and 'Bad Daddy' doing such bad things like miss-throwing knives, and blowing up objects and people at Christmas. It was followed by The Very Bad Book (2010) and The Super Bad Book (2011)

The Day My Bum Went Psycho
The Day My Bum Went Psycho is a novel for children by Australian author Andy Griffiths. "Bum" is a slang word used in many English-speaking countries for the buttocks; in North America the term "butt" is used instead, and the book is published there under the title The Day My Butt Went Psycho.

It is illustrated by Terry Denton, who also illustrated some of Andy Griffiths' other books, including the Just! series.

The Day My Butt Went Psycho! is a Canadian-Australian animated television series loosely based on the novel, and its sequels, first shown on Australian channel Nine Network in September 2013 and on Canadian channels Teletoon and Télétoon in June 2014 which is criticized for its bad animation, puns and butt jokes.
Hoscheid
Hoscheid (German pronunciation: [ˈhoːʃaɪt]; Luxembourgish: Houschent) is a small town in north-eastern Luxembourg. It was a commune, part of the canton of Diekirch, which was part of the district of Diekirch.

On January 1, 2012, the commune merged with Consthum and Hosingen communes to form the commune of Parc Hosingen; thereby becoming part of the canton of Clervaux.

As of 2025, the town had a population of 548.

Among local personalities is Jean Ersfeld, who, in 2004, led his party, the Free Party of Luxembourg in the legislative elections.

Clervaux
Clervaux (French: [klɛʁvo]; Luxembourgish: Clierf [kliɐ̯f] ⓘ or locally Cliärref [ˈkli̯ɛʀəf]; German: Clerf [klɛʁf]) is a commune and town in northern Luxembourg, situated in the canton of the same name.

The town's arms, granted in 1896, show three blackbirds on a gold ground in the chief of a red shield, as a variation of the arms of the former Lords of Clervaux.

As of 2025, the town of Clervaux, which lies in the southwest of the commune, has a population of 1,609.
Himation
A himation (/hɪˈmætiɒn, -iən/ him-AT-ee-on, -⁠ən; Ancient Greek: ἱμάτιον) was a type of clothing, a mantle or wrap worn by ancient Greek men and women from the Archaic period through the Hellenistic period (c. 750–30 BC). It was usually worn over a chiton and/or peplos, but was made of heavier drape and played the role of a cloak or shawl.  When the himation was used alone, without a chiton, it served both as a chiton and as a cloak. The himation was markedly less voluminous than the Roman toga. Many vase paintings depict women wearing a himation as a veil covering their faces.

The himation continued into the Byzantine era as "iconographic dress" used in art and by the lower classes, worn by Christ, the Virgin Mary, and biblical figures.

Mantle (clothing)
A mantle (from old French mantel,  from mantellum, the Latin term for a cloak) is a type of loose garment usually worn over indoor clothing to serve the same purpose as an overcoat. Technically, the term describes a long, loose cape-like cloak worn from the 12th to the 16th century by both sexes, although by the 19th century, it was used to describe any loose-fitting, shaped outer garment similar to a cape. For example, the dolman, a 19th-century cape-like woman's garment with partial sleeves is often described as a mantle.

In English, the idiom "to take up/pick up/assume the mantle" is from the Bible, and means to take a position of authority, leadership or responsibility in a particular area, especially in the sense of carrying on for a previous figure. The most notable appearance in the Bible is in 2 Kings 2:13, where Elisha takes up Elijah's mantle (Hebrew: אדרת ’addereṯ).
Positivist school (criminology)
The Positivist School was founded by Cesare Lombroso and led by two others: Enrico Ferri and Raffaele Garofalo. In criminology, it has attempted to find scientific objectivity for the measurement and quantification of criminal behavior. Its method was developed by observing the characteristics of criminals to observe what may be the root cause of their behavior or actions. Since the Positivist's school of ideas came around, research revolving around its ideas has sought to identify some of the key differences between those who were deemed "criminals" and those who were not, often without considering flaws in the label of what a “criminal” is.

As the scientific method became the major paradigm in the search for knowledge, the Classical School's social philosophy was replaced by the quest for scientific laws that would be discovered by experts. It is divided into biological, psychological, and social laws.

Classical school (criminology)
In criminology, the classical school usually refers to the 18th-century work during the Enlightenment by the utilitarian and social-contract philosophers Jeremy Bentham and Cesare Beccaria. Their interests lay in the system of criminal justice and penology and indirectly through the proposition that "man is a calculating animal," in the causes of criminal behavior.  The classical school of thought was premised on the idea that people have free will in making decisions, and that punishment can be a deterrent for crime, so long as the punishment is proportional, fits the crime, and is carried out promptly.
Daimler Majestic Major
The Daimler Majestic Major DQ450 is a large luxury saloon produced by Daimler in Coventry, England, between November 1960 and 1968. It was fitted with a 4,561 cc V8 engine and was offered as a much more powerful supplement to their then current Daimler Majestic.

A substantially lengthened limousine version of the same chassis and bodyshell, the Daimler DR450, was available from 1961 until the V8 engine ended production.

Limousine
A limousine (/ˈlɪməziːn/ or /lɪməˈziːn/), or limo (/ˈlɪmoʊ/) for short, is a large, chauffeur-driven luxury vehicle with a partition between the driver compartment and the passenger compartment which can be operated mechanically by hand or by a button electronically. A luxury sedan with a very long wheelbase and driven by a professional driver is called a stretch limousine.

In some countries, such as the United States, United Kingdom, Japan, Italy, Germany, France, the Netherlands, Canada, and Australia, a limousine service may be any pre-booked hire car with a driver, usually, but only sometimes a luxury car. In particular, airport shuttle services are often called "limousine services", though they often use minivans or light commercial vehicles.
Monster Energy Yamaha Factory
Monster Energy Yamaha Factory is the factory team of Yamaha active in the MotoGP World Championship, the Motocross World Championship, the FIM Endurance World Championship, the Superbike World Championship and FIM Cross-Country Rallies World Championship, supported by sponsor, drinks manufacturer Monster Energy.

Maverick Viñales
Maverick Viñales Ruiz (Spanish pronunciation: [biˈɲales ˈrwiθ]; born 12 January 1995) is a Spanish Grand Prix motorcycle racer, riding for Red Bull KTM Tech3 in the MotoGP class. He won the 2013 Moto3 World Championship. After five seasons as a MotoGP factory rider with the  Yamaha Factory Racing team, his contract was terminated by mutual consent midway through the 2021 season. He raced with the Aprilia Racing team in the 2022-2024 seasons before moving to Red Bull KTM Tech3 in 2025.
William Hunter Kendal
William Hunter Kendal (16 December 1843 – 7 November 1917) was an English actor and theatre manager.  He and his wife Madge starred at the Haymarket in Shakespearian revivals and the old English comedies beginning in the 1860s.  In the 1870s, they starred in a series of "fairy comedies" by W. S. Gilbert and in many plays on the West End with the Bancrofts and others.  In the 1880s, they starred at and jointly managed (with John Hare) the St. James's Theatre.  They then enjoyed a long touring career.

Clement Scott
Clement William Scott (6 October 1841 – 25 June 1904) was an influential English theatre critic for The Daily Telegraph and other journals, and a playwright, lyricist, translator and travel writer, in the final decades of the 19th century. His style of criticism, acerbic, flowery and (perhaps most importantly) carried out on the first night of productions, set the standard for theatre reviewers through to today.

Scott accumulated enemies among theatre managers, actors and playwrights over the years, picking quarrels with William Archer, Ibsen, George Bernard Shaw and others. After he gave a particularly ill-considered 1898 interview, in which he attacked the morals of theatre people, especially actresses, he was forced to retire as a theatre critic, and his reputation and prospects suffered badly until, by the end of his life, he was impoverished.
Mount Niobe
Mount Niobe is a 2,021-metre (6,631-foot) summit located in the Tantalus Range, in Tantalus Provincial Park, in southwestern British Columbia, Canada. It is situated 10 km (6 mi) northwest of Squamish, and 7.2 km (4 mi) southeast of Mount Tantalus, which is the highest peak in the Tantalus Range. Its nearest higher peak is Lydia Mountain, 2.03 km (1 mi) to the west-northwest, and Omega Mountain lies 1.1 km (1 mi) to the east. Lake Lovely Water lies below the northern slope of the peak and precipitation runoff from the peak drains into tributaries of the Squamish River. The first ascent of the mountain was made in 1910 by E. Kingsford-Smith and G. Warren via the south side. The mountain's name was officially adopted on June 6, 1957, by the Geographical Names Board of Canada. The mountain was named for Niobe, daughter of Tantalus in Greek mythology, with several peaks in the Tantalus Range being named for family members of Tantalus.

Tantalus Provincial Park
Tantalus Provincial Park is a provincial park located in the Tantalus Range overlooking Squamish Valley in British Columbia, Canada. It was established on December 19, 1998 to protect a large area of pristine alpine wilderness.
Dave's Picks Volume 6
Dave's Picks Volume 6 is a three-CD live album by the rock band the Grateful Dead. It contains two complete concerts: one from December 20, 1969, at the Fillmore Auditorium in San Francisco and the second from February 2, 1970, at the Fox Theatre in St. Louis. It was produced as a limited edition of 13,000 numbered copies, and was released on May 1, 2013.

Dave's Picks Volume 6 includes long-lost recordings that were given back to the Grateful Dead organization shortly before the production of the album. Both shows were recorded by Owsley "Bear" Stanley.

Keyboardist Tom Constanten was a member of the Grateful Dead at the time of the Fillmore Auditorium concert, but he left the band before the Fox Theatre concert. Constanten wrote the liner notes for the album.

A bonus disc was included with shipments of the album to 2013 Dave's Picks subscribers. This disc contains tracks recorded on December 21, 1969 at the Fillmore Auditorium in San Francisco, California.

Turn On Your Love Light
"Turn On Your Love Light" is a rhythm and blues song recorded by Bobby Bland in 1961. It was an important R&B and pop chart hit for Bland and has become one of his most identifiable songs. A variety of artists have recorded it, including Them and the Grateful Dead, who made it part of their concert repertoire.
Freshwater eel poaching and smuggling
Freshwater eel poaching and smuggling have emerged in recent years as a direct response to the sustained popularity of eels as food combined with the eels' low population, endangered status, and subsequent protections. Freshwater eel are elongated fish in the Anguillidae family of ray-finned fish. The three most commonly consumed  eel species are the Japanese eel (A. japonica), European eel (A. anguilla), and American eel ( A. rostrata).

The life cycle for eels has not been closed in captivity on a sustainable level, and any eel farms rely entirely on wild-caught elvers (juvenile eels). These elvers are caught from their native ranges in North America and Europe and are smuggled into East Asian eel farms, where they are often relabeled as the native Japanese eel to subvert legislation. The eels are smuggled disguised as other cargo, such as luggage or other meat products.

Eel as food
Eels are elongated fish, ranging in length from five centimetres (2 in) to four metres (13 ft), and are used in various cuisines around the world. Japan consumes more than 70 percent of the global eel catch.

Eel blood is poisonous to humans and other mammals, but both cooking and the digestive process destroy the toxic protein.
Operation Weserübung's effects on Sweden
On 9 April 1940, Germany successfully launched Operation Weserübung, a military operation with the objective of simultaneously occupying Denmark and Norway and staging a coup d'état in those nations. The operation had several far-reaching consequences for Sweden, which became effectively cut off from trade with the Western world and so was more dependent on German goodwill. In turn, it eventually led to commencing the permitenttrafik and the transition of the Engelbrecht Division but also lessened the immediate risk of Sweden being a theatre of war between the Axis and the Allies.

163rd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)
The 163rd Infantry Division (German: 163. Infanterie-Division) was a German Army infantry division in World War II. Formed in November 1939, it was engaged in the invasion of Norway the following year. It fought alongside the Finnish Army during Operation Barbarossa against the Soviet Union. During this time, the division's transit through neutral Sweden caused the Midsummer Crisis of 1941. The division spent most of the war in Finland, before being returned to Germany. It was destroyed in March 1945 in Pomerania by the First Polish Army, subordinated to the Soviet 1st Belorussian Front.
Rheingau Literatur Preis
Rheingau Literatur Preis is a literary prize of Hesse. It is awarded annually since 1994 by the Rheingau Literatur Festival which follows the Rheingau Musik Festival. An author is awarded whose prose  gained the attention of the literary critics ("deren schriftstellerische Prosa in den vergangenen zwölf Monaten die Literaturkritik aufmerksam gemacht hat")

The prize of 11,111 Euro is given by the cultural ministry Hessisches Ministerium für Wirtschaft, Verkehr und Landesentwicklung and by the Rheingau Musik Festival. The author also receives 111 bottles of Rheingau Riesling, donated by the association Verband Deutscher Prädikatsweingüter (VDP) Rheingau.

Rheingau Musik Festival
The Rheingau Musik Festival (RMF) is an international summer music festival in Germany, founded in 1987. It is mostly for classical music, but includes other genres. Concerts take place at culturally important locations, such as Eberbach Abbey and Schloss Johannisberg, in the wine-growing Rheingau region between Wiesbaden and Lorch.
2011 Allianz Cup
The 2011 Allianz Cup was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the 16th edition of the tournament which is part of the 2011 ITF Women's Circuit. It took place in Sofia, Bulgaria between 12 and 18 September 2011.

2011 ITF Women's Circuit
The 2011 ITF Women's Circuit is the 2011 edition of the second-tier tour for women's professional tennis. It is organised by the International Tennis Federation and is a tier below the WTA Tour. The ITF Women's Circuit includes tournaments with prize money ranging from $10,000 up to $100,000.
Calendar of saints (Church in Wales)
In the Calendar of the Church in Wales, each holy and saint's day listed has been assigned a number which indicates its category. Commemorations not included in this Calendar may be observed with the approval of the bishop.

Pentecost
Pentecost (also called Whit Sunday, Whitsunday or Whitsun) is a Christian holiday that takes place on the 49th day (50th day when inclusive counting is used) after Easter. It commemorates the descent of the Holy Spirit upon the Apostles of Jesus, Mary, and other followers of the Christ, while they were in Jerusalem celebrating the Feast of Weeks, as described in the Acts of the Apostles (Acts 2:1–31). Pentecost marks the "Birthday of the Church".

Pentecost is one of the Great feasts in the Eastern Orthodox Church, a Solemnity in the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church, a Festival in the Lutheran Churches, and a Principal Feast in the Anglican Communion. Many Christian denominations provide a special liturgy for this holy celebration. Since its date depends on the date of Easter, Pentecost is a "moveable feast". The Monday after Pentecost is a legal holiday in many European, African and Caribbean countries.
The Dynamics of an Asteroid
The Dynamics of an Asteroid is a fictional book by Professor James Moriarty, the implacable foe of Sherlock Holmes. The only mention of it in Arthur Conan Doyle's original Holmes stories is in The Valley of Fear (written in 1914, but set in 1888) when Holmes says of Moriarty:

Is he not the celebrated author of The Dynamics of an Asteroid, a book which ascends to such rarefied heights of pure mathematics that it is said that there was no man in the scientific press capable of criticizing it?

Participants in the "Sherlockian game", where Sherlock Holmes fans elaborate on elements within Doyle's stories, have suggested other details about The Dynamics of an Asteroid.

Sherlockian game
The Sherlockian game (also known as the Holmesian game, the Great Game or simply the Game; also as the Higher Criticism) is the pastime of attempting to resolve anomalies and clarify implied details about Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson from the 56 short stories and four novels that make up the Sherlock Holmes canon by Arthur Conan Doyle. It treats Holmes and Watson as real people and uses aspects of the canonical stories combined with the history of the era of the tales' settings to construct fanciful biographies of the pair.