hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Level ancestor problem
In graph theory and theoretical computer science, the level ancestor problem is the problem of preprocessing a given rooted tree T into a data structure that can determine the ancestor of a given node at a given distance from the root of the tree.

More precisely, let T be a rooted tree with n nodes, and let v be an arbitrary node of T. The level ancestor query LA(v,d) requests the ancestor of node v at  depth d, where the depth of a node v in a tree is the number of edges on the shortest path from the root of the tree to node v.
It is possible to solve this problem in constant time per query, after a preprocessing algorithm that takes O(n) and that builds a data structure that uses O(n) storage space.

Method of Four Russians
In computer science, the Method of Four Russians or "The Four-Russians speedup," is a technique for speeding up algorithms involving Boolean matrices, or more generally algorithms involving matrices in which each cell may take on only a bounded number of possible values.
Zulu (surname)
Zulu is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alexander Grey Zulu (1924–2020), Zambian retired politician

Alphaeus Zulu (1905–1987), Anglican bishop and Speaker of the KwaZulu Legislative Assembly

Ballad Zulu, Zambian singer, multi-instrumentalist, songwriter and economist

Justin Zulu (born 1989), Zambian footballer

Mahenge Zulu (1965–2019), Italian boxer

Maiko Zulu, Zambian musician

Mary Zulu (2002), South African rugby union

Nhlanhla Zulu, South African politician and prince of the Zulu royal family

Onthatile Zulu (born  2000), South Africa field hockey player

Pentjie Zulu (born 1990), South African soccer player

Winstone Zulu (1964–2011), Zambian HIV and tuberculosis activist

Zeblon Zulu, South African politician

Zeblon Zulu
Prince Bhekizizwe Zeblon Zulu is a South African politician and prince of the Zulu royal family. He represented the African National Congress (ANC) in the National Assembly from 2004 to 2014 and before that in the National Council of Provinces from 1999 to 2004. He is also a published historian of the Zulu nation.
George Gelnovatch
George Gelnovatch (born February 12, 1965) is the men's soccer coach at the University of Virginia.  He played professionally in the Major Indoor Soccer League and American Professional Soccer League. As head coach, he has led Virginia men's soccer to the College Cup Final Four in 1997, 2006, 2009, 2013, 2014, and 2019. Under his leadership, Virginia won its sixth and seventh NCAA National Championships of the sport in 2009 and 2014.

NCAA Division I men's soccer tournament
The NCAA Division I men's soccer tournament, sometimes known as the College Cup, is an American intercollegiate soccer tournament conducted by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), and determines the Division I men's national champion. The tournament was formally held in 1959, when it was an eight-team tournament. Since then, the tournament has expanded to 48 teams, in which every Division I conference tournament champion is allocated a berth. Among the most successful programs, Saint Louis won 10 titles during dynasty years between 1959 and 1973. Indiana has won 8 titles beginning in 1982, whereas Virginia has won 7 titles beginning in 1989.

Although the tournament is frequently referenced as the "College Cup", the NCAA applies the title only to the semifinal and championship rounds of the tournament proper. Since the tournament began, the semifinal and final fixtures have been held at a neutral site predetermined by the NCAA before starting the regular season.
Pax Mafiosa
The Pax Mafiosa (Latin for “Mafioso Peace”) is a term describing a state of relative non-violence in the territories of organized crime groups caused by agreements not to interfere in criminal activities.

Gangster
A gangster (informally gangsta) is a criminal who is a member of a gang. Most gangs are considered to be part of organized crime. Gangsters are also called mobsters, a term derived from mob and the suffix -ster. Gangs provide a level of organization and resources that support much larger and more complex criminal transactions than an individual criminal could achieve. Gangsters have been active for many years in countries around the world. Gangsters are the subject of many novels, films, television series, and video games.
Shi Jun (politician)
Shi Jun (Chinese: 侍俊; born January 1962) is a Chinese politician who served in a series of provincial and central government positions, culminating in his role as Vice Minister of the United Front Work Department from 2018 to 2022. A native of Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, he joined the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in September 1980 and began working in October 1978. Over his career, he held numerous leadership positions in Sichuan Province, including mayor of Guangyuan, party secretary of the Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, vice governor of Sichuan, and head of the provincial Public Security Department. He later held posts in the Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission and the Ministry of Public Security before assuming a senior role in the United Front Work Department.

Yancheng
Yancheng (simplified Chinese: 盐城; traditional Chinese: 鹽城; pinyin: Yánchéng), formerly known as Yandu, is a prefecture-level city in the eastern coastal Jiangsu province, People's Republic of China. As the city with the largest jurisdictional area in Jiangsu, Yancheng borders Lianyungang to the north, Huai'an to the west, Yangzhou and Taizhou to the southwest, Nantong to the south, and the Yellow Sea to the east. Formerly a county, the current Yancheng city was founded on January 18, 1983.

Yancheng, literally "Salt City", is named after the salt harvest fields surrounding the city. According to historical records, collection and production of sea salt in the region began as early as 119 BC, during the Western Han dynasty, when the settlement on the current location of Yancheng was named Yandu County (盐渎县). According to the 2020 census, Yancheng had a registered population of 6,709,629, with 1,733,591 inhabitants in its built up area comprising the districts of Tinghu and Yandu.
Thomas McBride (footballer)
Thomas McBride (born 30 May 1992) is an Irish footballer who most recently played for NIFL Championship club Institute.

He previously played with Derry City, had two stints at Finn Harps and was a youth player for Northampton Town. McBride was also selected for the Northern Ireland Under-18 Schoolboys in 2010. However, he went on to represent the Republic of Ireland at under 19 level.

Republic of Ireland national under-19 football team
The Republic of Ireland national under-19 football team, is the national under-19 football team of the Republic of Ireland and is controlled by the Football Association of Ireland and competes in the biennial European Under-19 Football Championship.

The team has competed in several championships.
Same-sex marriage in Tabasco
Same-sex marriage has been legal in Tabasco since 27 October 2022. A bill to legalise same-sex marriage was passed by the Congress of Tabasco on 19 October 2022, and signed by Governor Carlos Manuel Merino Campos. It was published in the official state journal on 26 October and took effect the next day. Tabasco was the 28th Mexican state to legalize same-sex marriage.

Tabasco
Tabasco, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Tabasco, is one of the 32 federal entities of Mexico. It is divided into 17 municipalities and its capital city is Villahermosa.

It is located in southeast Mexico and is bordered by the states of Campeche to the northeast, Veracruz to the west, and Chiapas to the south and the Petén department of Guatemala to the southeast. It has a coastline to the north with the Gulf of Mexico. Most of the state is covered in rainforest as, unlike most other areas of Mexico, it has plentiful rainfall year-round. The state is also home to La Venta, the major site of the Olmec civilization, considered to be the origin of later Mesoamerican cultures. It produces significant quantities of petroleum and natural gas.
Horses in Morocco
Horses in Morocco are an ancient tradition, linked to the history of the Berber cavalry. The Barb and Arab-Barb breeds are considered a national heritage in Morocco, having been bred by numerous local tribes. Tbourida, the most popular Moroccan equestrian sport, showcases the military use of the Barb or Arab-Barb horse. The country boasts five national stud farms in Marrakesh, Meknes, Bouznika, Oujda and El Jadida. It organizes major international equestrian events, such as the El Jadida International Horse Show and the Morocco Royal Tour, as well as national sporting events, such as the Rabat Horse Week.

Show jumping
Show jumping is a part of a group of English riding equestrian events that also includes eventing, hunters, and equitation. Jumping classes are commonly seen at horse shows throughout the world, including the Olympics. Sometimes shows are limited exclusively to jumpers. Sometimes jumper classes are offered in conjunction with other English-style events. Sometimes, show jumping is but one division of a very large, all-breed competition that includes a very wide variety of disciplines. Jumping classes may be governed by various national horse show sanctioning organizations, such as the United States Equestrian Federation or the British Showjumping Association.  International competitions are governed by the rules of the International Federation for Equestrian Sports.
Turystyczna street (Lublin)
Turystyczna (English: Touristic street) is a street located in Lublin, eastern Poland. It starts at the intersection of Mełgiewska street and Emmanuela Grafa street (at the tripoint of Kalinowszczyzna, Tatary and Hajdów-Zadębie city districts) and leads to the city border near the village of Wólka. The street is about 3 km (1.9 miles) long, runs along the biggest river in Lublin called Bystrzyca and intersects the Łuków–Lublin railway line, which has a train station located right next to the street's level crossing called Lublin Zadębie, opened in 2013.

Turystyczna street primarily serves as a traffic artery (trunk route 86) and a commercial zone, for example there is a former pub called Budzyń, E.Leclerc hypermarket, Ford cars authorised dealer or Lublin Voivodeship road management headquarters.

Lublin Voivodeship
Lublin Voivodeship (Polish: województwo lubelskie [vɔjɛˈvut͡stfɔ luˈbɛlskʲɛ] ⓘ) is a voivodeship (province) of Poland, located in the southeastern part of the country, with its capital being the city of Lublin.

The region is named after its largest city and regional capital, Lublin, and its territory is made of four historical lands: the western and central part of the voivodeship, with Lublin itself, belongs to Lesser Poland, the eastern part of Lublin Area belongs to Cherven Cities/Red Ruthenia, and the northeast belongs to Polesie and Podlasie.
Lublin Voivodeship borders Subcarpathian Voivodeship to the south, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship to the south-west, Masovian Voivodeship to the west and north, Podlaskie Voivodeship along a short boundary to the north, Belarus (Brest Region) and Ukraine (Lviv and Volyn Regions) to the east. The region's population as of 2024 was 1,996,440. It covers an area of 25,155 square kilometres (9,712 sq mi).
Dermatoglyphics
Dermatoglyphics (from Ancient Greek derma, "skin", and glyph, "carving") is the scientific study of fingerprints, lines, mounts and shapes of hands, as distinct from the superficially similar pseudoscience of palmistry.

Dermatoglyphics also refers to the making of naturally occurring ridges on certain body parts, namely palms, fingers, soles, and toes. These are areas where hair usually does not grow, and these ridges allow for increased leverage when picking up objects or walking barefoot.

In a 2009 report, the scientific basis underlying dermatoglyphics was questioned by the National Academy of Sciences, for the discipline's reliance on subjective comparisons instead of conclusions drawn from the scientific method.

Glyph
A glyph (/ɡlɪf/ GLIF) is any kind of purposeful mark. In typography, a glyph is "the specific shape, design, or representation of a character". It is a particular graphical representation, in a particular typeface (or computer font), of an element of written language. (That 'element' is called a grapheme –  the conceptual abstraction of some letter, number or symbol, which is independent of the glyph designed to represent it in a particular font.)
Artūrs Lazdiņš
Artūrs Lazdiņš (born 9 April 1997) is a Latvian tennis player.

Lazdiņš has a career high ATP singles ranking of 1234 achieved on 16 July 2019. He also has a career high ATP doubles ranking of 923 achieved on 5 August 2019.

Lazdiņš represents Latvia at the Davis Cup where he has a W/L record of 3–2.

Latvia Davis Cup team
The Latvia men's national tennis team represents Latvia in Davis Cup tennis competition and are governed by the Latvian Tennis Union. Team is coached by Ģirts Dzelde.

Latvia after winning tie against Slovenia returned to the Europe/Africa Zone of Group I. They previously played in the Group I 2008.
Kundert (surname)
Kundert is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alice Kundert (1920–2013), American politician

Andreas Kundert (born 1984), Swiss hurdler

František Kundert (1891–1957), Czech cyclist

Gust Kundert (1913–2000), American politician

Otto Kundert (1888–1950), American politician

Andreas Kundert
Andreas Kundert (born 1 October 1984) is a Swiss athlete specialising in the 110 metres hurdles. He represented his country at two World Championships, in 2007 and 2011, without reaching the semifinals.

He has personal bests of 13.41 seconds in the 110 metres hurdles (+0.6 m/s, Luzern 2008) and 7.65 seconds in the 60 metres hurdles (Magglingen 2009). The first one is the current national record.
Holiday (Little Mix song)
"Holiday" is a song released by British girl group Little Mix, on 24 July 2020 as the second single from their sixth studio album Confetti (2020). It was co-written by members Jade Thirlwall, Perrie Edwards, Leigh-Anne Pinnock, alongside Chris Loco, Camille Purcell and Goldfinger; the latter who produced the song. It was written during a drunk session, with lyrics being inspired about how a boy can make them feel good. Described as a pop track with electro-pulsating bass lines, it was met with generally positive reviews from critics. It reached number fifteen on the UK Singles Chart, and charted in twelfth other music markets. It has been certified gold by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) and Pro-Música Brasil (PMB).

Frank Walker (musician)
Frank Walker is a Canadian electronic musician and DJ. He is most noted for his single "Only When It Rains", a collaboration with Astrid S which was a Juno Award nominee for Dance Recording of the Year at the Juno Awards of 2020.
Monedero
Monedero is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ángel Lizcano Monedero (1846–1929), Spanish painter and illustrator

Juan Carlos Monedero (born 1963), Spanish political scientist and politician

Juan Carlos Monedero
Juan Carlos Monedero Fernández-Gala (born 12 January 1963) is a Spanish political scientist and writer. He is a professor at the Complutense University of Madrid and a host of La Tuerka. He was one of the leading members of Podemos until he resigned in April 2015.
Laxmibai Nagar
Laxmi Bai Nagar is a VIP residential colony in New Delhi, India. Laxmi Bai, meaning "city of Lakshmibai", is named for the Rani (queen) of the Maratha-ruled Jhansi State in India, which is now a province of modern Uttar Pradesh state. She fought for independence from the British Raj during the Indian Rebellion of 1857 and died in combat.

Laxmi Bai Nagar hosts doctors and staff of Central Government Health Scheme and serves as official residences for many civil servants to the Union Government and other employees of the government.

Laxmi Bai Nagar largely hosts doctors and staff of Central Government Health Scheme having 2000 govt. Flats & 24 Private Flats opposite N P Co. Edu. School.

Having two local markets, one taxi stand, three bus stands, one dispensary, two gyms, two barat ghars, one gurudwara, five temples, five schools & equipped with all civic amentities.

Very important person
A very important person (VIP or V.I.P.) or personage is a person who is accorded special privileges due to their high social rank, status, influence, or importance. The term was not common until sometime after World War II when it was popularised by Royal Air Force pilots.

Examples include celebrities, heads of state or government, other high-ranking politicians, or any other socially notable person who receives special treatment for any reason. The special treatment usually involves separation from common people, and a higher level of comfort or service.
2017 Citi Open – Women's doubles
Monica Niculescu and Yanina Wickmayer were the defending champions, but Wickmayer chose not to participate this year. Niculescu played alongside Sania Mirza, but lost in the semifinals to Eugenie Bouchard and Sloane Stephens.

Shuko Aoyama and Renata Voráčová won the title, defeating Bouchard and Stephens in the final, 6–3, 6–2.

Shuko Aoyama
Shuko Aoyama (青山 修子, Aoyama Shūko; born 19 December 1987) is a Japanese professional tennis player who specializes in doubles.

Aoyama turned professional after graduating from Waseda University. She reached a career-high singles ranking of world No. 182, on 9 February 2015, and a doubles ranking of world No. 4, on 28 February 2022. She plays predominantly in doubles and has won 20 titles on the WTA Tour, having had her most successful Grand Slam appearances at the 2023 Australian Open final and at Wimbledon, reaching the semifinals at the 2013 and 2021 tournaments. She has also won four singles and 30 doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit.
Altfrid Heger
Altfrid Heger (born 24 January 1958) is a German former racing driver and motorsport entrepreneur. Active internationally since the 1980s, he competed in the World Touring Car Championship, the Deutsche Tourenwagen Meisterschaft (DTM), and major endurance events. He won the Guia Race in 1988 and the Porsche Supercup championship in 1993.

Over the course of his career Heger claimed victories at the 24 Hours of Spa in 1986 and 1988, as well as the 24 Hours of Nürburgring in 1990 and 2000. He was a regular top-ten finisher in the DTM between 1988 and 1990. Beyond driving, he co-founded Hegersport GmbH, a motorsport agency that organized the V8Star Series, managed the Porsche Sports Cup Germany, and entered the FIA GT1 World Championship.

V8Star Series
The V8Star Series was a touring car racing series based in Germany that ran for three seasons between 2001 and 2003.

The series featured privateers racing identical cars that were covered in different silhouette designs to create visual diversity. It was commonly compared to the Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters, which was factory-backed and revived in 2000. Its choice of engines and the fact that it raced twice in the oval configuration at the EuroSpeedway Lausitz also led to the V8Star Series being called the "German NASCAR" before its cancellation in November 2003 due to a lack of sponsorship money.
Roland Ducke
Roland Ducke (19 November 1934 – 26 June 2005) was a German professional football player. His younger brother Peter was also a successful footballer.

Ducke played almost whole his career for FC Carl Zeiss Jena.

On the national level he played for East Germany national team, Ducke played for this side from 1958 to 1967.

In 1970, he won the award for the GDR Footballer of the Year.

Ducke died on 26 June 2005 of prostate cancer.

East Germany national football team
The East Germany national football team, recognised as Germany DR by FIFA, represented East Germany in men's international football, playing as one of three post-war German teams, along with Saarland and West Germany.

East Germany qualified for the World Cup once, doing so in 1974, and after German reunification in 1990, the Deutscher Fußball Verband der DDR (DFV, English: German Football Association of the GDR), and with it the East German team, joined the Deutscher Fußball Bund (DFB) and the West Germany national football team that had just won the World Cup.
Cryptogram
A cryptogram is a type of puzzle that consists of a short piece of encrypted text. Generally the cipher used to encrypt the text is simple enough that the cryptogram can be solved by hand. Substitution ciphers where each letter is replaced by a different letter, number, or symbol are frequently used. To solve the puzzle, one must recover the original lettering. Though once used in more serious applications, they are now mainly printed for entertainment in newspapers and magazines.

Other types of classical ciphers are sometimes used to create cryptograms. An example is the book cipher, where a book or article is used to encrypt a message.

Classical cipher
In cryptography, a classical cipher is a type of cipher that was used historically but, for the most part, has fallen into disuse. In contrast to modern cryptographic algorithms, most classical ciphers are very simple to break with modern technology, and usually can also be solved by hand. The term includes the simple systems used since Greek and Roman times, the elaborate Renaissance ciphers, World War II cryptography such as the Enigma machine, and others.

Conversely, modern strong cryptography relies on new algorithms and computers developed since the 1970s.
William S. Adams
William S. Adams (1892–1930) was an American cinematographer of the silent era. He was the younger half-brother of J. Stuart Blackton, the British born film pioneer and co-founder of Vitagraph Studios. Adams worked with Blackton several times, but was also employed by other companies. He developed a reputation as a specialist in aerial photography, but his career was cut short when he died of a tropical disease at the beginning of the sound era.

Vitagraph Studios
Vitagraph Studios, also known as the Vitagraph Company of America, was a United States motion picture studio. It was founded by J. Stuart Blackton and Albert E. Smith in 1897 in Brooklyn, New York, as the American Vitagraph Company. By 1907, it was the most prolific American film production company, producing many famous silent films. It was bought by Warner Bros. in 1925.
2000 Ericsson Open – Men's doubles
Wayne Black and Sandon Stolle were the defending champions, but did not partner together this year.  Black partnered Andrew Kratzmann, losing in the second round.  Stolle partnered Paul Haarhuis, losing in the quarterfinals.

Todd Woodbridge and Mark Woodforde won the title, defeating Martin Damm and Dominik Hrbatý 6–3, 6–4 in the final.

Martin Damm
Martin Damm Sr. (born 1 August 1972) is a former professional tennis player from the Czech Republic. He is best known as a doubles player (his highest ranking being No. 5 in the world in April 2007). His highest singles ranking was No. 42 in August 1997. Damm won a total of 40 titles in doubles, including one Grand Slam title. He reached five singles finals. He played his last tournament in September 2011 at the US Open (with Radek Štěpánek) and lost to Colin Fleming and Ross Hutchins 6–3, 6–3.
1994 Epsom Derby
The 1994 Epsom Derby was a horse race which took place at Epsom Downs on Wednesday 1 June 1994. It was the 215th running of the Derby, and it was won by the pre-race favourite Erhaab. The winner was ridden by Willie Carson and trained by John Dunlop.

Haynes, Hanson and Clark Conditions Stakes
The Haynes, Hanson and Clark Conditions Stakes is a flat horse race in Great Britain open to two-year-old colts and geldings. It is run at Newbury over a distance of 1 mile (1,609 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in September.

The event was known as the Kris Plate in 1979 and 1980, and on these two occasions it was won by the subsequent Derby winners Henbit and Shergar.

The race was given its present title in 1981, when the wine merchants Haynes, Hanson and Clark became its sponsor. Since then it has been contested by two future Derby winners, Shahrastani, the runner-up in 1985, and Authorized, third in 2006.