hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gmina Zarszyn
Gmina Zarszyn is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Sanok County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. Its seat is the village of Zarszyn, which lies approximately 15 kilometres (9 mi) west of Sanok and 50 km (31 mi) south of the regional capital Rzeszów.

The gmina covers an area of 105.96 square kilometres (40.9 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 9,225.

National Exposition of the Simmental Cattle and the Regional Championship of Hucul Horse. Odrzechowa Experimental Station of the National Research Institute of Animal Production, which has the largest herd of Simmental cattle in  Poland.

National Exposition of the Simmental Cattle and the Regional Championship of Hucul Horse. Odrzechowa Experimental Station of the National Research Institute of Animal Production. Rudawka Rymanowska. 2008.08.30

Ethnic Groups

Poles

Sanok
Sanok [ˈsanɔk] (in full the Royal Free City of Sanok — Polish: Królewskie Wolne Miasto Sanok, Rusyn: Санок, Sanok, Ukrainian: Сянок or Cянік, Sianok or Sianik, Latin: Sanocum, Yiddish: סאָניק, Sūnik or Sonik) is a town in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship of southeastern Poland with 38,397 inhabitants, as of June 2016. Located on the San River and around 52 km (32 mi) south of Przemyśl, Sanok lies directly by the Carpathian Mountains.

The town's history goes back almost a thousand years to when it was part of a medieval trade route. The Museum of Folk Architecture as well as the refurbished Sanok Castle and Old Town are popular points of interest. The region also features a 70 km (43 mi) trail for hikers and cyclists.
Operation Moduler
Operation Moduler (sometimes incorrectly called "Modular") was a military operation by the South African Defence Force (SADF) during the South African Border War. It formed part of what has come to be called the Battle of Cuito Cuanavale. The SADF objective was to halt a Soviet-backed counteroffensive by the People's Armed Forces of Liberation of Angola (FAPLA) on the contested settlement of Mavinga. The advance was halted with heavy Angolan casualties. The South African forces and its UNITA allies then began offensive operations against the Angolan forces, who had retreated back to a defensive line east of the Cuito River with the objective of destroying them once and for all.

G5 howitzer
The G5 is a South African towed howitzer of 155 mm calibre developed in South Africa by Denel Land Systems. The G5 design was based on the Canadian GC-45 155 mm gun which was highly modified to suit southern African conditions.
Secure Computing Corporation
Secure Computing Corporation (SCC) was a public company that developed and sold computer security appliances and hosted services to protect users and data. McAfee acquired the company in 2008.

The company also developed filtering systems used by governments such as Iran and Saudi Arabia that blocks their citizens from accessing information on the Internet.

Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria
Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria (TCSEC) is a United States Government Department of Defense (DoD) standard that sets basic requirements for assessing the effectiveness of computer security controls built into a computer system. The TCSEC was used to evaluate, classify, and select computer systems being considered for the processing, storage, and retrieval of sensitive or classified information.

The TCSEC, frequently referred to as the Orange Book, is the centerpiece of the DoD Rainbow Series publications. Initially issued in 1983 by the National Computer Security Center (NCSC), an arm of the National Security Agency, and then updated in 1985, TCSEC was eventually replaced by the Common Criteria international standard, originally published in 2005.
Rock Master Scott & the Dynamic Three
Rock Master Scott & the Dynamic Three was an old-school hip hop group best known for the singles "Request Line" and "The Roof Is on Fire", both of which have been sampled by many other groups, for a large variety of genres. Rock Master Scott & the Dynamic Three grew up in the Bronx, New York City, where three of the members lived in the same building on Webster Avenue.

Doug E. Fresh
Douglas Davis (born September 17, 1966), known professionally as Doug E. Fresh, is a Barbadian-born American rapper, record producer, and beatboxer, also known as the "Human Beat Box". The pioneer of 20th-century American beatboxing, Fresh is able to accurately imitate drum machines and various special effects using only his mouth, lips, gums, throat, tongue and a microphone.

In the early 1980s he formed the Lover Boy Crew with DJs Chill Will and Barry B and later added rapper Slick Rick.  Two of their songs "The Show" and "La Di Da Di" are considered early hip hop classics.  "La Di Da Di", in particular, is one of the most sampled songs in music history.
Rozhdestvenskiy (crater)
Rozhdestvenskiy is a large lunar impact crater that is located on the far side of the Moon, within one crater diameter of the north pole. It lies sandwiched between the craters Hermite along the eastern rim, and Plaskett which intrudes slightly into the west-southwestern rim. Just on the opposite side of the pole is the crater Peary.

This formation is a large crater of the form called a walled plain. The outer rim is heavily eroded and rugged, with a somewhat polygonal outline. The relatively young crater Rozhdestvenskiy K overlies the southern rim. To the northwest is a short chain of craters that forms a valley penetrating the rim.

The interior floor of the crater is relatively level with a central peak formation located to the west of the midpoint. Just to the west of this peak is a pair of small craters on the floor. There is also a small crater to the south of the midpoint, and the surface is marked by many tiny craterlets.

Peary (crater)
Peary is the closest large lunar impact crater to the lunar north pole. At this latitude the crater interior receives little sunlight, and portions of the southernmost region of the crater floor remain permanently cloaked in shadow. From the Earth the crater appears on the northern lunar limb, and is seen from the side.
Induction, bounding and least number principles
In first-order arithmetic, the induction principles, bounding principles, and least number principles are three related families of first-order principles, which may or may not hold in nonstandard models of arithmetic. These principles are often used in reverse mathematics to calibrate the axiomatic strength of theorems.

Arithmetical hierarchy
In mathematical logic, the arithmetical hierarchy, arithmetic hierarchy or Kleene–Mostowski hierarchy (after mathematicians Stephen Cole Kleene and Andrzej Mostowski) classifies certain sets based on the complexity of formulas that define them.  Any set that receives a classification is called arithmetical.  The arithmetical hierarchy was invented independently by Kleene (1943) and Mostowski (1946).

The arithmetical hierarchy is important in computability theory, effective descriptive set theory, and the study of formal theories such as Peano arithmetic.

The Tarski–Kuratowski algorithm provides an easy way to get an upper bound on the classifications assigned to a formula and the set it defines.

The hyperarithmetical hierarchy and the analytical hierarchy extend the arithmetical hierarchy to classify additional formulas and sets.
1942 Santa Clara Broncos football team
The 1942 Santa Clara Broncos football team was an American football team that represented Santa Clara University as an independent during the 1942 college football season. In their seventh season under head coach Buck Shaw, the Broncos compiled a 7–2 record, outscored opponents by a total of 101 to 52, and were ranked No. 15 in the final AP poll. They were ranked at No. 44 (out of 590 college and military teams) in the final rankings under the Litkenhous Difference by Score System.

After winning its first four games against Utah, Stanford, California, and Oregon State, Santa Clara was ranked No. 9 in the AP poll. The team lost to No. 14 UCLA, then rebounded with three consecutive victories, including victories over rivals San Francisco and Saint Mary's. In the final game of the season, the Broncos lost to the powerful service team assembled at Saint Mary's Preflight School.

1942 San Francisco Dons football team
The 1942 San Francisco Dons football team was an American football team that represented the University of San Francisco as an independent during the 1942 college football season. In their first season under head coach Al Tassi, the Dons compiled a 6–4 record and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 221 to 106.

San Francisco was ranked at No. 66 (out of 590 college and military teams) in the final rankings under the Litkenhous Difference by Score System for 1942.
Dorney Park & Wildwater Kingdom
Dorney Park & Wildwater Kingdom is an amusement and water park located in Dorneyville, Pennsylvania, outside Allentown, in the United States. Owned and operated by Six Flags, the park features 64 rides, including eight roller coasters, several thrill rides and children's rides, and a water park, Wildwater Kingdom, with 26 water slides.

Dorney Park features some of the world's most prominent roller coasters, including Steel Force, the ninth-longest steel roller coaster in the world and the second-longest on the U.S. East Coast. Dorney Park is one of only fourteen trolley parks still operating in the United States.

Founded in 1884, Dorney Park & Wildwater Kingdom is the fifth-oldest amusement park in continuous operation in the nation.

Water park
A water park (also waterpark, water world, or aquapark) is an amusement park that features water play areas such as swimming pools, water slides, splash pads, water playgrounds, and lazy rivers, as well as areas for floating, bathing, swimming, and other barefoot environments. Modern water parks may also be equipped with some type of artificial surfing or bodyboarding environment, such as a wave pool or flowrider.
Malonic acid
Malonic acid  is a dicarboxylic acid with structure CH2(COOH)2. The ionized form of malonic acid, as well as its esters and salts, are known as malonates. For example, diethyl malonate is malonic acid's diethyl ester. The name originates from the Greek word μᾶλον (malon) meaning 'apple'.

Dicarboxylic acid
In organic chemistry, a dicarboxylic acid is an organic compound containing two carboxyl groups (−COOH). The general molecular formula for dicarboxylic acids can be written as HO2C−R−CO2H, where R can be aliphatic or aromatic. In general, dicarboxylic acids show similar chemical behavior and reactivity to monocarboxylic acids. Dicarboxylic acids are usually colorless solids.  A wide variety of dicarboxylic acids are used in industry. Adipic acid, for example, is a precursor to certain kinds of nylon. A wide variety of dicarboxylic acids are found in nature. Aspartic acid and glutamic acid are two amino acids found in all life.  Succinic and fumaric acids are essential for metabolism. A large inventory of derivatives are known including many mono- and diesters, amides, etc.
Guanyin Township
Guanyin Township (Chinese: 观音乡; pinyin: Guānyīn Xiāng) is a township of Gongcheng Yao Autonomous County in northeastern Guangxi, China. As of 2020, it has four villages under its administration:

Guanyin Village

Yangshi Village (洋石村)

Shitang Village (狮塘村)

Shuibin Village (水滨村)

Gongcheng Yao Autonomous County
Gongcheng Yao Autonomous County (simplified Chinese: 恭城瑶族自治县; traditional Chinese: 恭城瑤族自治縣; pinyin: Gōngchéng Yáozú Zìzhìxiàn) is a county within the prefecture-level city of Guilin, Guangxi, China. The county spans a total area of 2,149 km2 (830 sq mi), and has a population of approximately 300,000 as of 2011.
Nymanbolagen
Nymanbolagen (aka Nymans AB or just Nymans) was a Swedish bicycle, moped, and motorcycle manufacturing company in Uppsala, Sweden.

In 1947 Nymans Verkstäder in Uppsala, Lindblads Verkstäder (Amerikansk Cycleimport) in Stockholm and some minor bicycle companies, formed Nymanbolagen AB, situated in Uppsala, Sweden.

Nymans also manufactured small two cycle outboard boat engines.

In 1961 Nymanbolagen merged with the bicycle company Monark AB in Varberg, Sweden into Monark-Crescentbolagen or MCB. Later all production took place in Varberg.

The factory in Varberg is now owned by Grimaldi Industri AB via its bicycle company Cycleurope, also producing Bianchi, Gitane, Puch and some other brands.

Puch
Puch (German pronunciation: [pʊχ] ⓘ) is a manufacturing company located in Graz, Styria, Austria. The company was founded in 1899 by the industrialist Johann Puch and produced automobiles, bicycles, mopeds, and motorcycles. It was a subsidiary of the large Steyr-Daimler-Puch conglomerate.
Alabama Highway Patrol
The Alabama Highway Patrol is the highway patrol organization for the U.S. state of Alabama, and has complete jurisdiction anywhere in the state. Its Troopers duties include motor vehicle law enforcement and rural traffic crash investigation covering about 69,500 miles (111,800 kilometres) of rural roads, as well as special duty performance during emergencies.

The Alabama Highway Patrol was created in 1935. As of March 2024, 35 officers have died while on duty since its founding. It is subordinate to the Alabama Department of Public Safety, which is itself subordinate to the Alabama Law Enforcement Agency.

Alabama Law Enforcement Agency
The Alabama Law Enforcement Agency (ALEA) is a law enforcement agency serving the U.S. state of Alabama. It exists within the Executive Branch of State Government to coordinate public safety in Alabama. It was formed on 1 January 2015 by the merger of 12 state law enforcement agencies. The Secretary, its chief executive, is appointed by and serves at the pleasure of the Governor of Alabama. ALEA is divided into two functional divisions, the Department of Public Safety and the State Bureau of Investigations. The Secretary of ALEA is responsible for appointing a Director of both divisions, after consultation with the Governor.
The Frank Sinatra Show (radio program)
The Frank Sinatra Show was a title applied—in some cases specifically and in other cases generically—to several radio musical programs in the United States, some of which had other distinct titles as indicated below. Singer Frank Sinatra starred in the programs, some of which were broadcast on CBS, while others were on NBC.

Lorillard Tobacco Company
Lorillard Tobacco Company was an American tobacco company that marketed cigarettes under the brand names Newport, Maverick, Old Gold, Kent, True, Satin, and Max. The company had two operating segments: cigarettes and electronic cigarettes.

The company was purchased by Reynolds American, a company owned by British American Tobacco, in 2015, a deal that was announced in 2014.
Franz S. Exner
Franz Serafin Exner Jnr (German: [ˈfʁants ˈɛksnɐʁ]; 24 March 1849 – 15 November 1926) was an Austrian physicist and professor at the University of Vienna. He is known for pioneering physical chemistry education in Austria.  The early introduction to university curricula of subjects such as radioactivity, spectroscopy, electrochemistry electricity in the atmosphere, and color theory in Austria are often credited to him.

He advised many notable students including Stefan Meyer, Erwin Schrödinger, and Marian Smoluchowski.

Wilhelm Röntgen
Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen (27 March 1845 – 10 February 1923) was a German experimental physicist who produced and detected electromagnetic radiation in a wavelength range known as X-rays (known as Röntgen rays in many languages). In 1901, Röntgen became the first recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics "in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the remarkable rays subsequently named after him." The element roentgenium is named in his honor.
Pas Asiab-e Fartaq
Pas Asiab-e Fartaq (Persian: پس اسياب فارتق, also Romanized as Pas Asīāb-e Fārtaq) is a village in Bahmayi-ye Sarhadi-ye Sharqi Rural District, Dishmok District, Kohgiluyeh County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 83, in 14 families.

Bahmayi-ye Sarhadi-ye Sharqi Rural District
Bahmayi-ye Sarhadi-ye Sharqi Rural District (Persian: دهستان بهمئي سرحدئ شرقي) is in Dishmuk District of Kohgiluyeh County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province, Iran. It is administered from the city of Dishmuk.
1894 California gubernatorial election
The 1894 California gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1894, to elect the governor of California. Democratic former Congressman James Budd narrowly defeated Republican lawyer Morris M. Estee. Estee had previously run for governor in 1882, losing the prior election in a landslide. This was the seventh time in the previous eight gubernatorial elections that the incumbent party was ousted from the governorship.

This was the last election until 1938 in which a Democrat was elected Governor of California.

1882 California gubernatorial election
The 1882 California gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1882, to elect the governor of California. This was the first election held under California's 1879 constitution which moved the election date for state officers to coincide with federal elections in non-presidential even-numbered years. The Democratic Party's nominee, George Stoneman won a decisive victory over the Republican Morris M. Estee. This was the fifth consecutive gubernatorial election in California in which the incumbent party was defeated.
Bhoja Air
Bhoja Air (Urdu: بھوجا ائیر) was a Pakistani airline based in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.

The airline was founded in 1993 and operated a small domestic network of scheduled passenger flights. Due to financial difficulties, the airline completely suspended operations between 2000 and 2012. After a brief re-launch, and the subsequent crash of Bhoja Air Flight 213 near Rawalpindi 44 days after the relaunch, Bhoja Air lost its operational license and ceased operations in April 2012.

Jinnah International Airport
Jinnah International Airport (Urdu: جناح بین الاقوامی ہوائی اڈا) (IATA: KHI, ICAO: OPKC), formerly Drigh Road Airport or Karachi International Airport, is Pakistan's second busiest international and domestic airport in terms of total passengers, being surpassed by Islamabad International Airport in 2024–2025. Located in Karachi, the largest city and commercial capital of Pakistan and capital of the province of Sindh, it is named after Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the statesman founder of Pakistan.

The airport is managed by the Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority (PCAA), and serves as a hub for the national flag carrier, Pakistan International Airlines (PIA), airblue, and many other private airlines. The airport is equipped with aircraft engineering and overhauling facilities including the Ispahani Hangar for wide-body aircraft.
Bezitramide
Bezitramide is an opioid analgesic. Bezitramide itself is a prodrug which is readily hydrolyzed in the gastrointestinal tract to its active metabolite, despropionyl-bezitramide. Bezitramide was discovered at Janssen Pharmaceutica in 1961. It is most commonly marketed under the trade name Burgodin.

The drug was pulled from the shelves in the Netherlands in 2004 after fatal overdose cases, including one where a five-year-old child took one tablet from his mother's purse, ate it, and promptly died.

Bezitramide is regulated much the same as morphine in all known jurisdictions and is a Schedule II substance under the United States' Controlled Substances Act of 1970, with an ACSCN of 9800 and zero annual manufacturing quota.  However, as of May 2021, it has never been marketed in the United States.

Janssen Pharmaceuticals
Johnson & Johnson Innovative Medicine (formerly Janssen Pharmaceuticals) is a Belgian pharmaceutical company headquartered in Beerse, Belgium, and wholly owned by Johnson & Johnson. It was founded in 1953 by Paul Janssen.

In 1961, Janssen Pharmaceuticals was purchased by New Jersey–based American corporation Johnson & Johnson, and became part of Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development (J&J PRD), later renamed to Janssen Research and Development, LLC (JRD), which conducts research and development activities related to a wide range of human medical disorders, including mental illness, neurological disorders, anesthesia and analgesia, gastrointestinal disorders, fungal infection, HIV/AIDS, allergies and cancer. Janssen and Ortho-McNeil Pharmaceutical have been placed in the Ortho-McNeil-Janssen group within Johnson & Johnson Company.
Transfer of equity
Transfer of equity is an English legal term for the process where the ownership of a share or interest in a property is transferred from one entity to another, a partial conveyance.

Transfers of equity can take place for multiple reasons. Examples include:

Marriage or living together: When people marry they often transfer the property into the names of both parties.

Divorce or separation: When a couple divorce or separate, property is typically transferred, sometime with compensation. Restructuring a joint mortgage requires the mortgage company's consent.

Tax planning: Property owners may transfer equity to their children or other family members to manage their tax liabilities.

Transferring equity can be complex, involving land registry applications and stamp duty land tax forms. In these circumstances, a transfer of equity usually involves a conveyancing practitioner to deal with the formalities.

Lenders' requirements are generally set out in the CML Lenders' Handbook.

HM Land Registry
His Majesty's Land Registry is a non-ministerial department of His Majesty's Government, created in 1862 to register the ownership of land and property in England and Wales. It reports to the Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government (MHCLG). The land register contains information on 87% (by area) of the freehold land in England and Wales as of 2019.

While HM Land Registry reports to MHCLG, it is operationally independent. The fees it charges for the registration and information services it provides are returned to HM Treasury. The current interim Chief Land Registrar (and interim CEO) is Ian Banfield.

The equivalent office in Scotland is the Registers of Scotland. Land and Property Services maintain records for Northern Ireland.
Mas de Daumas Gassac
Mas de Daumas Gassac is a French wine producer from the wine region Languedoc, classified as Vin de Pays de l'Hérault due to its use of grape varieties outside specifications of its AOC. The winery, producing both white and red wine, is located in the south of France, in the commune of Aniane. Despite its modest designation and location, the vineyard has received widespread acknowledgement, described by The Times to taste like a "Latour" and by the French gastronomic guide GaultMillau as the "Lafite Rothschild of the Languedoc-Roussillon",  it is frequently referred to as the Grand cru of the Languedoc.

Hérault
Hérault (French pronunciation: [eʁo]; Occitan: Erau, [eˈɾaw]) is a department of the region of Occitania, Southern France. Named after the Hérault River, its prefecture is Montpellier. It had a population of 1,175,623 in 2019.