hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Level ancestor problem
In graph theory and theoretical computer science, the level ancestor problem is the problem of preprocessing a given rooted tree T into a data structure that can determine the ancestor of a given node at a given distance from the root of the tree.

More precisely, let T be a rooted tree with n nodes, and let v be an arbitrary node of T. The level ancestor query LA(v,d) requests the ancestor of node v at  depth d, where the depth of a node v in a tree is the number of edges on the shortest path from the root of the tree to node v.
It is possible to solve this problem in constant time per query, after a preprocessing algorithm that takes O(n) and that builds a data structure that uses O(n) storage space.

Theoretical computer science
Theoretical computer science is a subfield of computer science and mathematics that focuses on the abstract and mathematical foundations of computation.

It is difficult to circumscribe the theoretical areas precisely. The ACM's Special Interest Group on Algorithms and Computation Theory (SIGACT) provides the following description:

TCS covers a wide variety of topics including algorithms, data structures, computational complexity, parallel and distributed computation, probabilistic computation, quantum computation, automata theory, information theory, cryptography, program semantics and verification, algorithmic game theory, machine learning, computational biology, computational economics, computational geometry, and computational number theory and algebra. Work in this field is often distinguished by its emphasis on mathematical technique and rigor.
Kite Pharma
Kite Pharma, Inc. is an American biotechnology company that develops cancer immunotherapy products with a primary focus on genetically engineered autologous CAR T cell therapy - a cell-based therapy which relies on chimeric antigen receptors and T cells. Founded in 2009, and based in Santa Monica, California, it was acquired by Gilead Sciences in 2017.

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), also known as non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, is a group of blood cancers that includes all types of lymphomas except Hodgkin lymphomas. Symptoms include enlarged lymph nodes, fever, night sweats, weight loss, and tiredness. Other symptoms may include bone pain, chest pain, or itchiness. Some forms are slow-growing while others are fast-growing. Unlike Hodgkin lymphoma, which often spreads in an orderly pattern between nearby lymph nodes, NHL can involve multiple parts of the body and may not follow a predictable spread.
Harchandpur
Harchandpur is a village and corresponding community development block in Raebareli district, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is located on the Baiti river, which is a tributary of the Sai, and it is northeast from the district headquarters on the road to Lucknow. Particularly since the coming of the railway in the 1800s, Harchandpur serves as one of the main commercial centres for the surrounding region; it is also a major exporter of local goods. As of 2011, its population is 4,348 people, in 833 households.

Harchandpur is also a constituency of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly, under the district of Raebareli. The Pin Code of the town is 229303 and there are 47 Gram panchayats under Harchandpur.

National Highway 30 (India)
National Highway 30 (NH 30) is a primary national highway in India. NH 30 connects Sitarganj in Uttarakhand with Ibrahimpatnam, Vijayawada in Andhra Pradesh. The total length of this highway is 1,984.3 km (1,233.0 mi). It starts at the junction of NH 9 at Sitarganj and ends at the junction of NH 65 at Ibrahimpatnam, Vijayawada. Development of Ibrahimpatnam-Jagadalpur Route is under process. Rajdeep Rohan joint venture is the contract agency for this project. Second bridge was completed on 17 April 2024  at pilgrimage city of Bhadrachalam which is famous for temple of Lord Shri Rama. NH-30 runs through the states of Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Telangana and Andhra Pradesh in India.
Wunderlichioideae
The Wunderlichioideae are a subfamily of flowering plants belonging to the family Asteraceae.

The subfamily includes eight genera and about 24 species that are concentrated in Brazil (Wunderlichia) and Guyana (Chimantaea, Stenopadus, and Stomatochaeta), with some species in other South America countries (Hyalis and Ianthopappus) and others (Nouelia and  Leucomeris) in Southeast Asia and the Himalayas. Distinguishing features of the members of this subfamily are presence of styles with glabrous style branches and a deletion in the rpoB gene. Two tribes, Wunderlicheae and Hyalideae, are recognised.

Wunderlichia
Wunderlichia is a genus of Brazilian trees in the family Asteraceae.

The genus contains several species of wind-pollinated trees, all endemic to Brazil.

Species

Wunderlichia azulensis Maguire & G.M.Barroso - Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais

Wunderlichia bahiensis Maguire & G.M.Barroso- Bahia

Wunderlichia cruelsiana Taub. - Tocantins, Bahia, Goiás

Wunderlichia insignis Baill. - Rio de Janeiro

Wunderlichia mirabilis Riedel ex Baker	- Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Bahia, São Paulo, D.F., Mato Grosso, Goiás

Wunderlichia senaeii Glaz. ex Maguire & G.M.Barroso - Minas Gerais
2010 New York Red Bulls season
The 2010 New York Red Bulls season was their fifteenth in Major League Soccer, and in their existence.

Following a dismal 2009 season, the Red Bulls saw the arrival of Swedish head coach Hans Backe. Backe replaced interim coach Richie Williams, who became an assistant.

In part of an entire overhaul to the club, the Red Bulls made several notable signings throughout the season including retired French international Thierry Henry; Mexico's national team captain, Rafael Márquez; as well as players including Tim Ream and Joel Lindpere.

The Red Bulls went on a worst-to-first campaign, topping the Eastern Conference by one point over Columbus before losing 3–2 on aggregate against San Jose in the quarterfinals of the 2010 MLS Cup Playoffs.

Joel Lindpere
Joel Lindpere (born 5 October 1981) is an Estonian football coach and former professional player.

Lindpere played as a midfielder for Nõmme Kalju, Lelle, Flora, Valga, CSKA Sofia, Tromsø, New York Red Bulls, Chicago Fire, and Baník Ostrava. He also made 107 appearances for the Estonia national team, scoring 7 goals.
Stealing Paradise
Stealing Paradise is a 2016 Qatari English-language investigative documentary which exposed high-level corruption which involved former President of the Maldives Abdulla Yameen and former Vice President of the Maldives Ahmed Adeeb, produced by Al Jazeera's Investigation Unit and released on Al Jazeera English.

Al Jazeera Investigations
Al Jazeera Investigations also known as the Al Jazeera Investigative Unit or the I-Unit is a specialized investigative journalism team within Al Jazeera. The unit is known for producing in-depth investigative reports and documentaries on a wide range of global issues, including politics, human rights and corruption. It produces a podcast called Al Jazeera Investigates.
Datisca cannabina
Datisca cannabina, called false hemp, is a species of flowering plant in the genus Datisca, family Datiscaceae, native to the Aegean Islands, Crete, Cyprus, Anatolia, the Levant, the Transcaucasus, Iraq, Iran, Central Asia, Afghanistan, Pakistan, the western Himalayas and Nepal. It is one of the very few species known to have true androdioecy, meaning it has a mix of male and hermaphroditic individuals.

This tall herbaceous perennial grows to a maximum height and spread of 2.5 m (8.2 ft), with ash-like clusters of bright green leaves, and arching shoots covered in tassels of small green and white flowers during summer. It is hardy but prefers a sheltered position in full sun or partial shade.

Local artisans use its roots to produce a fast yellow dye.

Growth form

Top

In fruit

Seeds

Fraxinus
Fraxinus (/ˈfræksɪnəs/), commonly called ash, is a genus of plants in the olive and lilac family, Oleaceae, and comprises 45–65 species of usually medium-to-large trees, most of which are deciduous (dropping their leaves in autumn), although some subtropical species are evergreen. The genus is widespread throughout much of Europe, Asia, and North America.

The leaves are usually opposite, and mostly pinnately compound (divided into leaflets in a feather-like arrangement). The seeds, known as "keys", are botanically fruits of the type called samara. Some species are dioecious, having male and female flowers on separate plants.

Ash wood is strong and elastic, and used for the handles of tools. Musical instrument makers use it for electric guitars and for drum shells. The Morgan Motor Company makes the frames of sports cars from ash wood. In Greek mythology, the Meliae were the nymphs of ash trees.
.204 Ruger
The .204 Ruger / 5.2x47mm is a centerfire rifle cartridge developed by Hornady and Ruger.  At the time of its introduction in 2004, the .204 Ruger was the second-highest velocity commercially produced ammunition and the only centerfire cartridge produced commercially for bullets of .204 inch/5 mm caliber.

5 mm caliber
This is a list of firearm cartridges which have bullets in the 5.00 to 5.99 mm (0.197 to 0.236 in) caliber range.

Length refers to the cartridge case length.

OAL refers to the overall length of the cartridge.

All measurements are in mm (in).
Brian Reader (criminal)
Brian Henry Reader (28 February 1939 – September 2023) was a British gangster, who has been described as "one of the busiest crooks in the British underworld", and a "ringleader" of the Hatton Garden safe deposit burglary in 2015.

Supergrass (informant)
Supergrass is a British slang term for an informant who turns King's evidence, often in return for protection and immunity from prosecution. In the British criminal world, police informants have been called "grasses" since the late 1930s, and the "super" prefix was coined by journalists in the early 1970s to describe those who gave evidence against fellow criminals in a series of high-profile mass trials at the time.
David Hayden (priest)
Christianity portal

David Frank Hayden (born 25 January 1947)   was Archdeacon of Norfolk from 2002 until 2012.

Hayden was educated at Tyndale Hall, Bristol and was ordained Deacon in  1971; and Priest in 1972. He served curacies at Silverhill and Galleywood Common. He was Rector of Redgrave, Suffolk cum Botesdale with Rickinghall from 1979 to 1984; Rural Dean of Hartismere from 1981 to 1984; Vicar of Cromer; and Rural Dean of Repps from 1995 to 2002.

Archdeacon of Norfolk
The Archdeacon of Norfolk is a senior ecclesiastical officer in the Church of England Diocese of Norwich, who exercises supervision of clergy and responsibility for church buildings within the geographical area of their archdeaconry.

The current archdeacon is Steven Betts who was appointed in 2012.
Peter Brown (Newfoundland politician)
Peter Brown (ca. 1797 – December 28, 1845 in Harbour Grace, Newfoundland) was a merchant, politician and justice of the peace was elected to the House of Assembly representing the district of Conception Bay on the first general election held in Newfoundland in 1832.

Brown, born in Ireland immigrated to Newfoundland where he was a dealer and shopkeeper in the Conception Bay area. He was a strong supporter of John Kent and remained in politics until 1842.

Newfoundland Colony
Newfoundland was an English, and later British, colony established in 1610 on the island of Newfoundland. That followed decades of sporadic English settlement on the island, which was at first only seasonal. Newfoundland was made a Crown colony in 1824 and a dominion in 1907. Its economy collapsed during the Great Depression. On 16 February 1934, the Newfoundland legislature agreed to the creation of a six-member Commission of Government to govern the country. In 1949, the country voted to join Canada as the province of Newfoundland.
Montelibretti
Montelibretti is a town and comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Rome in the Italian region of Lazio, located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) northeast of Rome on the slopes of Monti Sabini.

Montelibretti borders the following municipalities: Capena, Fara in Sabina, Fiano Romano, Monterotondo, Montopoli di Sabina, Montorio Romano, Moricone, Nerola, Palombara Sabina. The hamlet Borgo Santa Maria is a part of the town administratively.

Capena
Capena (until 1933 called Leprignano) is a town and comune in the Metropolitan City of Rome, Lazio region (central Italy). The town has borrowed its modern name from a pre-Roman and Roman settlement that was 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) to its north.
2008–09 Mohun Bagan FC season
The 2008–09 Mohun Bagan Football Club season was the club's 2nd season in I-League and 119th season since its establishment in 1889.

The start of the 2008 football season saw Mohun Bagan play a pre-season friendly on 27 May, 2008 at the Salt Lake Stadium against a touring FC Bayern Munich side. The match was hosted as a tribute to the retiring Oliver Kahn:the legendary German goalkeeper.

The team won the Calcutta Football League for the 2nd Consecutive time, they also won the Federation Cup and the Super Cup and they finished 2nd in the I-League with 43 points in 22 games, winning 13, drawing 4, and losing 5 in the process.

In the AFC Cup, Bagan could not win any of the matches in the group stage as they finished last without any points and were eliminated.

The Brazilian International Jose Barreto was their top goalscorer during the season, scoring 22 goals in all competitions.

Indian Super Cup (1997–2011)
The Indian Super Cup was Indian football's annual match contested between the champions of the previous National Football League or the I-League season and the holders of the Federation Cup, usually held at a neutral venue. If the League champions also won the Federation Cup then the league runners-up would provide the opposition. The fixture was usually considered the curtain raiser to the Indian football domestic season.

The fixture was last contested in 2011 when East Bengal won the cup for the third time, defeating Salgaocar 9–8 on penalties.
Qualcomm EDL mode
The Qualcomm Emergency Download mode, commonly known as Qualcomm EDL mode and officially known as Qualcomm HS-USB QD-Loader 9008 is a feature implemented in the boot ROM of a system on a chip by Qualcomm which can be used to recover bricked smartphones. On Google's Pixel 3, the feature was accidentally shown to users after the phone was bricked.

Boot ROM
Boot ROM is a piece of read-only memory (ROM) that is used for booting a computer system. It contains instructions that are run after the CPU is reset to the reset vector, and it typically loads a bootloader. There are two types of boot ROM: a mask boot ROM that cannot be changed afterwards, and a writable boot ROM such as an EEPROM or a flash memory chip.
1986–87 All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship
The 1986–87 All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship was the 17th staging of the All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1970-71.

Burren were the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Castleblayney Faughs in the Ulster Club Championship.

On 17 March 1987, St Finbarr's won the championship following a 0–10 to 0–07 defeat of Clann na nGael in the All-Ireland final at Croke Park. It was their third championship title overall and their first title since 1981.

1985–86 All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship
The 1985–86 All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship was the 16th staging of the All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1970-71.

Castleisland Desmonds entered the championship as the defending champions.

On 16 March 1986, Burren won the championship following a 1–10 to 1–6 defeat of Castleisland Desmonds in the All-Ireland final at Croke Park. It was their first ever championship title.
Deniz Uyanık
Deniz Uyanık (born 25 June 2001) is a Turkish professional volleyball player. She plays in the middle blocker position. Currently, she plays for Vakıfbank Istanbul and is a member of the Turkey women's national volleyball team.

2024–25 Turkish Women's Volleyball League
The 2024–25 Turkish Women's Volleyball League, branded as 2024–2025 Vodafone Sultans League (2024–2025 Vodafone Sultanlar Ligi in Turkish) is the 42nd edition of the top-level women's volleyball tournament of the Turkish Women's Volleyball League.
III Corps (Grande Armée)
The III Corps of the Grande Armée was a French military unit that existed during the Napoleonic Wars. The corps came to prominence between 1805 and 1809 under the command of Marshal Louis-Nicolas Davout, when it repeatedly scored impressive victories single-handedly or in conjunction with other French forces. Napoleon called it "My tenth legion", in reference to Julius Caesar's finest unit, the X Equestris. Troops from III Corps then took part in many battles in Poland, during the War of the Fourth Coalition, e.g. Czarnowo, Pultusk, Golymin, Eylau.. These troops were later reorganized as the I Corps and included French, German, and Polish units.

I Corps (Grande Armée)
The I Corps of the Grande Armée was a French military unit that existed during the Napoleonic Wars. Though disbanded in 1814, following the Treaty of Fontainebleau, it was reformed in April 1815 following the return of Napoléon during the Hundred Days. During the Hundred Days, the corps formed part of the quickly re-formed Army of the North.
Seaford (UK Parliament constituency)
The UK parliamentary constituency of Seaford was a Cinque Port constituency, similar to a parliamentary borough, in Seaford, East Sussex. A rotten borough, prone by size to undue influence by a patron, it was disenfranchised in the Reform Act 1832. It was notable for having returned three prime ministers as its members – Henry Pelham, who represented the town from 1717 to 1722, William Pitt the Elder from 1747 to 1754 and George Canning in 1827 – though only Canning was Prime Minister while representing Seaford.

Rotten and pocket boroughs
A rotten or pocket borough, also known as a nomination borough or proprietorial borough, was a parliamentary borough or constituency in England, Great Britain, or the United Kingdom before the Reform Act of 1832 which had very few voters. They could be used by a patron to gain disproportionate influence within the House of Commons. The Reform Act of 1832 abolished the majority of these rotten and pocket boroughs.

The same terms were used for similar boroughs represented in the 18th-century Parliament of Ireland.
Karioi
Karioi or Mount Karioi is a 2.4 million year old extinct stratovolcano 8 km (5.0 mi) SW of Raglan in the Waikato region of New Zealand's North Island. It was the earliest of the line of 6 calcalkalic volcanoes, the largest of which is Mount Pirongia (the others are at Kakepuku, Te Kawa, Tokanui, Waikeria and probably Puketotara). Karioi forms a background to many parts of Raglan.

Karioi was also a Highway Board area around the maunga from 1870 to 1889, when it was absorbed (with Whaingaroa Board area and formed into Karioi Riding) into Raglan County Council. In 1876, it had a population of 112 in 27 houses and in 1889 119 ratepayers, 80 of them absentees.

19th century maps, documents and reports sometimes used the spelling Karehoe.

Karioi is also a location on the Central Plateau (see article on Karioi railway station).

Pseudowintera axillaris
Pseudowintera axillaris, the lowland horopito, is a shrub like tree, endemic to New Zealand. They are members of the Winterace family and are known for their peppery taste, and glossy green leaves.

It is one of the very few hardwood species whose wood lacks vessel elements, making it diffuse and vessel-less containing vasicentric tracheids instead.
Per Erik Wallqvist
Per Erik Wallqvist (7 September 1797 in Stockholm – 16 February 1855) was a Swedish ballet dancer and ballet master. Wallqvist was the ballet master of the Royal Swedish Ballet at the Royal Swedish Opera in Stockholm between 1827 and 1833.

Ballet master
A ballet master (also balletmaster, ballet mistress, premier maître de ballet or premier maître de ballet en chef) is an employee of a ballet company who is responsible for the level of competence of the dancers in their company. In modern times, ballet masters are generally charged with teaching the daily company ballet class and rehearsing the dancers for both new and established ballets in the company's repertoire. The artistic director of a ballet company, whether a male or female, may also be called its ballet master.  Historic use of gender marking in job titles in ballet (and live theatre) is being supplanted by gender-neutral language job titles regardless of an employee's gender (e.g. ballet master in lieu of ballet mistress, wig master as an alternative to wig mistress).
Microoxygenation
Micro-oxygenation is a process used in winemaking to introduce oxygen into wine in a controlled manner. Developed in 1991 by Patrick DuCournau, working with the exceptionally tannic grape Tannat in Madiran, the process gained usage in modern winemaking following the 1996 authorization by the European Commission. Today, the technique is widely employed in Bordeaux, as well as at least 11 different countries, including the United States and Chile.

Clarification and stabilization of wine
In winemaking, clarification and stabilization are the processes by which insoluble matter suspended in the wine is removed before bottling. This matter may include dead yeast cells (lees), bacteria, tartrates, proteins, pectins, various tannins and other phenolic compounds, as well as pieces of grape skin, pulp, stems and gums. Clarification and stabilization may involve fining, filtration, centrifugation, flotation, refrigeration, pasteurization, and/or barrel maturation and racking.
Sadhoo Garh railway station
Sadhoo Garh railway station a railway station on Ambala–Attari line under Ambala railway division of Northern Railway zone. This is situated at Mathi, Fatak Majri, Fatehgarh Sahib in Fatehgarh Sahib district in the Indian state of Punjab.

Ambala railway division
Ambala railway division is one of the five railway divisions under the jurisdiction of Northern Railway zone of the Indian Railways. It was formed on 1 July 1987 and its headquarters is located at Ambala in the Indian state of Haryana.

Delhi railway division, Firozpur railway division, Lucknow NR railway division and Moradabad railway division are the other railway divisions under NR Zone headquartered at New Delhi.
Liberal Arts and Science Academy
Liberal Arts and Science Academy (LASA) is a selective public magnet high school in Austin, Texas, United States. Although LASA is open to all Austin residents and charges no tuition, competition for admission can be strong and is contingent on submission of an application, prior academic record, and the Cognitive Abilities Test. LASA is sometimes referred to as LASA High School.

LASA is often ranked as one of the best public schools in Texas, ranking  #4 by U.S. News & World Report in 2023. To apply to LASA, applicants must live inside Austin ISD boundaries.

Austin Independent School District
Austin Independent School District is a school district based in the city of Austin, Texas, United States. Established in 1881, the district serves most of the City of Austin, the neighboring municipalities of Sunset Valley and San Leanna, and unincorporated areas in Travis County (including Manchaca). The district operates 116 schools including 78 elementary schools, 19 middle schools, and 17 high schools. As of 2013, AISD covers 54.1% of the City of Austin by area and serves 73.5% of its residents.