hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Directorate of Operations (CIA)
The Directorate of Operations (DO), less formally called the Clandestine Service, is a component of the US Central Intelligence Agency. It was known as the Directorate of Plans from 1951 to 1973; as the Directorate of Operations from 1973 to 2004; and as the National Clandestine Service (NCS) from 2004 to 2015.

The DO "serves as the clandestine arm of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and the national authority for the coordination, de-confliction, and evaluation of clandestine operations across the Intelligence Community of the United States".

Human intelligence (intelligence gathering)
Human intelligence (HUMINT, pronounced /ˈhjuːmɪnt/ HEW-mint) is intelligence-gathering by means of human sources and interpersonal communication. It is distinct from more technical intelligence-gathering disciplines, such as signals intelligence (SIGINT), imagery intelligence (IMINT) and measurement and signature intelligence (MASINT). HUMINT can be conducted in a variety of ways, including via espionage, reconnaissance, interrogation, and witness interviews. Although associated with military and intelligence agencies, HUMINT can also apply in various civilian sectors such as law enforcement.
Geobotanical prospecting
Geobotanical prospecting is prospecting based on the composition and health of surrounding botanical life to identify potential resource deposits. Using a variety of techniques, including indicator plant identification, remote sensing and determining the physical and chemical condition of the botanical life in the area, geobotanical prospecting can be used to discover different minerals. This process has clear advantages and benefits, such as being relatively non-invasive and cost efficient. However, the efficacy of this method is not without question. There is evidence that this form of prospecting is a valid scientific method, especially when used in conjunction with other prospecting methods. But as identification of commercial mines are invariably guided by geological principles and confirmed by chemical assays, it is unclear as to whether this prospecting method is a valid standalone scientific method or an outdated method of the past.

Copper toxicity
Copper toxicity (or Copperiedus) is a type of metal poisoning caused by an excess of copper in the body. Copperiedus could occur from consuming excess copper salts, but most commonly it is the result of the genetic condition Wilson's disease and Menke's disease, which are associated with mismanaged transport and storage of copper ions. Copper is essential to human health as it is a component of many proteins, but hypercupremia (high copper level in the blood) can lead to copper toxicity if it persists and rises high enough.

Chronic toxicity by copper is rare.  The suggested safe level of copper in drinking water for humans varies depending on the source, but tends to be pegged at 1.3 mg/L.  So low is the toxicity of copper that copper(II) sulfate is a routine reagent in undergraduate chemistry laboratories.
WAFF U-23 Championship
The WAFF U-23 Championship (Arabic: بطولة غرب آسيا لكرة القدم تحت 23 عام) is an annual international football competition organised by the West Asian Football Federation (WAFF) for the men's under-23 national teams of West Asia.

West Asian Football Federation
The West Asian Football Federation (WAFF; Arabic: اتحاد غرب آسيا لكرة القدم) is a regional sub-confederation of association football, governed under the Asian Football Confederation. Founded in 2001, it governs football, futsal and beach football for nations in West Asia. The WAFF consists of 12 member associations.
2009 Antonio Savoldi–Marco Cò – Trofeo Dimmidisì – Doubles
Thomas Fabbiano and Boris Pašanski won the doubles competition in 2008.
Fabbiano teamed up with Matteo Marrai, but they were eliminated by Philipp Marx and Rogier Wassen already in the first round.
Alessio di Mauro and Simone Vagnozzi won in the final 6–4, 3–6, [10–4], against Yves Allegro and Jesse Huta Galung.

Philipp Marx
Philipp Marx (German pronunciation: [ˈfiːlɪp ˈmaʁks]; born 3 February 1982) is a German professional tennis player. Marx competes on the ATP Challenger Tour and the ATP World Tour, both in singles and doubles. He reached his highest ATP singles ranking, No. 300, on April 3, 2006, and his highest ATP doubles ranking, No. 53, on 27 September 2010.
Ovillanta
An ovillanta is a type of mosquito trap designed by researchers at Laurentian University in Ontario, Canada, and tested in cooperation with the Ministry of Health in Guatemala and with researchers in Mexico.  The simple, low-cost trap allows efficient collection and disposal of mosquito eggs and larvae.

Laurentian University
Laurentian University (French: Université Laurentienne), officially Laurentian University of Sudbury, is a mid-sized bilingual public university in Greater Sudbury, Ontario, Canada, incorporated on March 28, 1960. Laurentian offers a variety of undergraduate, graduate-level, and doctorate degrees. Laurentian is the largest bilingual provider of distance education in Canada. The university was formerly federated with Thorneloe University, Huntington University, and the University of Sudbury.  Laurentian severed the federation during 2021 insolvency proceedings, ending 60-year relationships, and triggering lawsuits.
David Bianco (producer)
David Bianco (1954 – June 20, 2018) was an American Grammy Award-winning record producer, who worked with such artists as Tom Petty, Bob Dylan, Lucinda Williams, Fleetwood Mac, Ozzy Osbourne, Danzig, AC/DC, Cathedral, Primal Scream, Teenage Fanclub, Buffalo Tom, Claytown Troupe, The Posies, The Caulfields, Black Lab, The Damned, Buckcherry, Dropkick Murphys, Blues Traveler, Big Head Todd and the Monsters, Masters of Reality, Mick Jagger, Failure, Rollins Band and John Mellencamp.

He won a Grammy Award for the Best Engineered Album, Non-Classical, being Wildflowers by Tom Petty.

Bianco died in June 2018, from a stroke.

Big Head Todd and the Monsters
Big Head Todd and The Monsters is a rock band formed by Todd Park Mohr, Brian Nevin, and Rob Squires in Colorado in 1986. Their 1993 major label debut Sister Sweetly went platinum in the United States. The band developed a sizable live following, especially in the Mountain States of the United States.
Glapwell
Glapwell is a rural village and civil parish on the A617 road in the Bolsover District of north-east Derbyshire, The village is at the top of a steep hill at an elevation of 176m, on the western edge of the Southern Magnesian Limestone, overlooking the valley of the River Doe Lea (formerly known as the Dorley). It lies between Chesterfield (7 miles to the north-west), Mansfield (5 miles to the south-east), and Bolsover (3 miles to the north), and had a population of 1,503 at the 2011 Census.

Mansfield
Mansfield /ˈmænzfiːld/ is a market town and the administrative centre of the Mansfield District in Nottinghamshire, England. It is the largest town in the wider Mansfield Urban Area and the second largest settlement in Nottinghamshire (following the city of Nottingham). Henry III granted Mansfield the Royal Charter of a market town in 1227. The town lies in the Maun Valley, 12 miles (19 km) north of Nottingham. The district had a population of 110,500 at the 2021 census. Mansfield is the one local authority in Nottinghamshire with a publicly elected mayor, the Mayor of Mansfield. Mansfield in ancient times became the pre-eminent in importance amongst the towns of Sherwood Forest.
Matutano
Matutano (officially Matutano Snack Ventures, S.A.) is a producer and distributor of snacks and potato chips with headquarters in Barcelona, operating the markets of Spain and Portugal (here through its subsidiary Matutano Unipessoal Lda.). The company was founded in 1965 by Luis Matutano Jover, and since 1971 is part of multinational Frito Lay.

Currently, Matutano distributes for the Iberian Peninsula PepsiCo snacks as Lays, Fritos, Cheetos,  Doritos and Ruffles among other brands.

Potato chips
Potato chips (North American and Australian English; often just chips) or crisps (British and Irish English) are thin slices of potato (or a thin deposit of potato paste) that have been deep-fried, baked, or air-fried until crunchy. They are commonly served as a snack, appetizer or side dish. Basic potato chips are cooked and salted; additional varieties are manufactured using various seasonings, flavorings and ingredients including herbs, spices, cheeses, other natural flavors, artificial flavors, and additives.

Potato chips form a large part of the snack food and convenience food market in Western countries. The global potato chip market generated total revenue of US$16.49 billion in 2005. This accounted for 35.5% of the total savory snacks market in that year (which was $46.1 billion overall).
Chwilog
Chwilog (Welsh pronunciation: [ˈχwiːlɔɡ]) is a village in Gwynedd, north Wales, and located on the Llŷn Peninsula. It is in the community of Llanystumdwy, near Criccieth, and in the medieval commote (Welsh: cwmwd) of Eifionydd, named after a 5th-century ruler. It is within the Dwyfor Meirionnydd constituency in the UK Parliament and in the Senedd (Welsh Parliament). The name means 'abounding in beetles' and was perhaps transferred from an earlier name of the river (or a part of it).

It had a population of 640 in 311 households as of the 2011 UK census, with 78% born in Wales. In the 2021 census of the UK, the Llanustumdwy community with a 60km sq radius, which includes Chwilog had a population of 1917 inhabitants.

Dwyfor Meirionnydd (Senedd constituency)
Dwyfor Meirionnydd is a constituency of the Senedd, first created for the former Assembly's 2007 election. It elects one Member of the Senedd by the first past the post method of election. Also, however, it is one of eight constituencies in the Mid and West Wales electoral region, which elects four additional members, in addition to nine constituency members, to produce a degree of proportional representation for the region as a whole.
Nasra, Idlib
Nasra, Idlib (Arabic: الناصرة)  is a Syrian village located in Al-Janudiyah Nahiyah in Jisr al-Shughur District, Idlib.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Nasra, Idlib had a population of 128 in the 2004 census.

Al-Janudiyah Subdistrict
Al-Janudiyah Subdistrict (Arabic: ناحية الجانودية)  is a Syrian nahiyah (subdistrict) located in Jisr al-Shughur District in Idlib.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Al-Janudiyah Subdistrict had a population of 19,642 in the 2004 census.
2025 Nottingham Open – Women's doubles
Beatriz Haddad Maia and Laura Siegemund defeated Anna Danilina and Ena Shibahara 6–3, 6–2 in the final to win the women's doubles title at the 2025 Nottingham Open. For the first time, Siegemund and Haddad Maia won a title together, being previously runner ups in other two WTA tournaments finals. This was the second Nottingham doubles title for Haddad Maia.

Gabriela Dabrowski and Erin Routliffe were the reigning champions, but Dabrowski chose not to participate and Routliffe chose to compete in the German Open.

Beatriz Haddad Maia
Beatriz "Bia" Haddad Maia (Brazilian Portuguese: [beaˈtɾiz ʁaˈdadʒi ˈmajɐ]; born 30 May 1996) is a Brazilian professional tennis player. She reached career-high rankings of world No. 10 in singles and doubles by the WTA, becoming the first Brazilian woman to enter the top 10 in singles in the Open Era. Her most notable results are a major semifinal at the 2023 French Open and a major quarterfinal at the 2024 US Open. She was also a runner-up with Anna Danilina in a major doubles event, at the 2022 Australian Open. She is currently the No. 1 singles player from Brazil.

Haddad Maia has won twelve WTA Tour titles, four in singles and eight in doubles.

Playing for the Brazil Fed Cup team, she has a win–loss record of 33–14 (12–2 in doubles) as of August 2025.
North Star (Amtrak train)
The North Star was a passenger train operated by Amtrak (the National Railroad Passenger Corporation) between Duluth, Minnesota and Saint Paul, Minnesota.  It originally operated from Chicago, Illinois via St. Paul to Superior, Wisconsin and Duluth, but was soon cut back to a Saint Paul–Duluth train.  The service relied in part on funding from the state of Minnesota.

Superior, Wisconsin
Superior is a city in Douglas County, Wisconsin, United States, and its county seat. The population was 26,751 at the 2020 census. Superior and nearby Duluth, Minnesota, sit at the western tip of Lake Superior and together form the Twin Ports, a major Great Lakes harbor.

Bordered by Saint Louis, Superior, and Allouez bays, the city is framed by two rivers: the Nemadji and the Saint Louis. Superior is at the junction of U.S. Route 2 and U.S. Route 53 immediately north of, and adjacent to, both the Village of Superior and the Town of Superior. It is an industrial city, with ship harbors along two sides, several large rail yards, an oil refinery, and a shipyard. Superior and neighboring Duluth feature museum ships (SS William A. Irvin in Duluth and SS Meteor in Superior), devoted to the local maritime heritage. Superior was the final port of call for SS Edmund Fitzgerald before her sinking on November 10, 1975.
Eoghan Cahill
Eoghan Cahill (born 1997) is an Irish hurler who plays for Offaly Senior Championship club Birr and at inter-county level with the Offaly senior hurling team. He usually lines out as a forward after beginning his career as a goalkeeper.

Offaly GAA
The Offaly County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) (Irish: Bord Contae Uíbh Fhailí de Chumann Lúthchleas Gael) or Offaly GAA is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland, and is responsible for Gaelic games in County Offaly. Separate county boards are also responsible for the Offaly county teams.

The county hurling team won All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship (SHC) titles during the 1980s and 1990s. The county football team won All-Ireland Senior Football Championship (SFC) titles during the 1970s and 1980s.
Old Style (Miller & Richard)
Old Style, later referred to as modernised old style, was the name given to a series of serif typefaces cut from the mid-nineteenth century and sold by the type foundry Miller & Richard, of Edinburgh in Scotland. It was a standard typeface in Britain for literary and prestigious printing in the second half of the nineteenth century and the early twentieth century, with many derivatives and copies released.

The Old Style faces of Miller & Richard, reportedly cut by punchcutter Alexander Phemister, were made in imitation of earlier styles of typeface, particularly the Caslon typeface cut by William Caslon from the 1720s, but with a modernised design. It was immediately very successful: the 1880s Bibliography of Printing describes its popularity as "unsurpassed in the annals of type-founding".

The exact date of Old Style's release is apparently uncertain as Miller & Richard published specimens erratically, but according to James Mosley and Morris it first appears in an 1860 specimen.

Hugh Williamson (book designer)
Hugh Williamson (16 November 1918, Manchester – 30 October 1992, Oxford) was a British book designer and author on printing. Williamson dropped out of University College London to serve in the Royal Artillery on the Italian front during the Second World War, and later wrote an unofficial history of his Fourth Division.

After studying at the London College of Printing he became a staff designer for Oxford University Press where he wrote the textbook Methods of Book Design. He was editor of the Bulletin of the British Printing Historical Society from 1980 to 1988. Wiliamson's uncle was Tom Wintringham.
Oscar Kern
Oscar Kern (Taquara, September 1, 1935 – Porto Alegre, January 12, 2008) was a fanzine editor and comics writer. He was a civil servant from the age of 16 until his retirement and wrote comics in parallel with the civil service. In the early 1970s he worked at editora Abril writing Disney comics. In 1972, he launched the first edition of the fanzine Historieta, considered one of the most important in the history of Brazilian comics and whose last edition was published in 2003. In Historieta, Kern published artists such as Mozart Couto, Emir Ribeiro, Mike Deodato and Renato Canini, among others, in addition to writing his own stories,  especially the superhero Homem Justo. In 1997, he was awarded with the Prêmio Angelo Agostini for Master of National Comics, an award that aims to honor artists who have dedicated themselves to Brazilian comics for at least 25 years.

Disney comics
Disney comics are comic books and comic strips featuring characters created by the Walt Disney Company, including Mickey Mouse, Donald Duck, Goofy, Scrooge McDuck and José Carioca.

The first Disney comics were newspaper strips appearing from 1930 on, starting with the Mickey Mouse comic strip. Mickey Mouse Magazine, the first American newsstand publication with Disney comics, launched in 1935. In 1940, Western Publishing launched the long-running flagship comic book, Walt Disney's Comics and Stories, which reached 750 issues in September 2019. Uncle Scrooge, launched in 1952, reached issue #450 in June 2019. In recent decades, Disney comics have seen a decline of popularity in the United States. In the rest of the world Disney comics have remained very successful, especially in Europe, where weekly Disney comics magazines and monthly paperback digests are national best sellers.

Disney comics have been the basis for academic theory, cultural criticism, and fan-created databases.
The Go (The Go album)
The Go is the second official studio album by the garage rock band The Go.  Both "Blue Eyes Woman" and "Summer's Gonna Be My Girl" are featured in the 2006 remake of The Hills Have Eyes.  The song "Come Back" was featured in the 2011 film Asylum Blackout. Other tracks from the album are featured in the television show My Name is Earl.

My Name Is Earl
My Name Is Earl is an American television sitcom created by Greg Garcia for NBC. It aired for four seasons from September 20, 2005, to May 14, 2009, with a total of 96 episodes. It was produced by Amigos de Garcia Productions in association with 20th Century Fox Television, and starred Jason Lee as the title character, Earl Hickey, a small-time thief with a messed-up life. The series also starred Ethan Suplee, Jaime Pressly, Nadine Velazquez, and Eddie Steeples.
Bjarne Røtterud
Bjarne Røtterud (29 August 1929 – 12 March 2011) was a Norwegian painter.

He was born in Nannestad. He took his education at the Norwegian National Academy of Craft and Art Industry and the Norwegian National Academy of Fine Arts. He lived in Paris from 1969, but died in Nannestad. He painted in abstract style from the late 1960s. His work is owned by the Norwegian Museum of Contemporary Art.

Norwegian National Academy of Craft and Art Industry
The National College of Art and Design (Norwegian: Statens håndverks- og kunstindustriskole) is a tertiary institution in Norway established in 1818.

In 1996, the National College of Art and Design became part of Oslo National Academy of the Arts (Kunsthøgskolen i Oslo, KHiO), along with the Norwegian National Academy of Fine Arts, Norwegian National Academy of Opera, the Norwegian National Academy of Ballet, and the National Academy of Theatre (Statens teaterhøgskole).
Bertie Lutton
Bertie Lutton (born 13 July 1950) is a Northern Irish former footballer who played as a midfielder in England for Wolverhampton Wanderers, Brighton & Hove Albion, West Ham United and Horsham. He played for Eastern Suburbs (Sydney), South Melbourne and Northcote City in Australia and was an international footballer with Northern Ireland from 1970 until 1973.

Northcote City FC
Northcote City Football Club (Iraklis) is a soccer club based on the border of Thornbury and Northcote, Victoria (Australia). Formed in 1960 by local Greek Australians, the club currently competes in the Victoria Premier League 1.

In 2011, Northcote won the inaugural Mirabella Cup, their first Victorian top-level success. In season 2013, Northcote City won their first Victorian Premier League Championship, defeating Bentleigh Greens SC 3–2 after extra time at AAMI Park.
Suraj Prakash
Suraj Prakash (Gurmukhi: ਸੂਰਜ ਪ੍ਰਕਾਸ਼), also called Gurpartāp Sūraj Granth (Gurmukhi: ਗੁਰ ਪ੍ਰਤਾਪ ਸੂਰਜ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ lit. "The Sun-like Illumination of the Guru's Glory"), is a popular and monumental hagiographic text about Sikh Gurus written by Kavi Santokh Singh (1787–1843) and published in 1843 CE. It consists of life legends performed by Sikh Gurus and historic Sikhs such as Baba Banda Bahadur in 51,820 verses (60,000 when including Nanak Prakash). Most modern writing on the Sikh gurus finds its basis from this text.

W. H. McLeod
William Hewat McLeod (1932–2009; also Hew McLeod) was a New Zealand scholar who helped establish Sikh Studies as a distinctive field.

Considered to be the most prominent Western historian of Sikhism, his publications had introduced higher criticism to Sikh sources for the first time and influenced generations of scholars. However, his scholarship remains controversial among traditional Khalsa scholars, who accuse him of disrespecting the religion and argue that Sikhism can't be studied using Western methodologies.
1982 England rugby union tour of Canada and the United States
The 1982 England rugby union tour of Canada and the United States was a series of eight matches played by the England national rugby union team in Canada and the United States in May and June 1982. The tour was entirely successful as the England team won all its eight matches and conceded only 34 points. England did not award full international caps for the internationals against Canada and the United States.

Orrell R.U.F.C.
Orrell Rugby Union Football Club is a rugby union club from Orrell in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan, Greater Manchester.

The club was founded in 1927, holding a place in the top-tier of rugby union from 1986 to 1997.
Mecatlán
Mecatlán is a municipality in the Mexican state of Veracruz. It is located in the north zone of the state, about 327 km from the state capital Xalapa. It has an area of 48.53 km2. It is located at 20°13′N 97°41′W﻿ / ﻿20.217°N 97.683°W﻿ / 20.217; -97.683.

Mecatlán is delimited to the north by Coyutla, to the north-east by Chumatlan, to the north-west by Coahuitlan to the south-east by Coxquihui and to the south-west by Filomeno Mata.

According to the INEGI official statistics, in 2020 year the total population in Mecatlán was about 12,799 persons (49.2% men and 50.8% women). Compared with the 2010 year, the total population has grown about an 8.39%. It produces principally maize and coffee.

In Mecatlán, in September there is a celebration in honor of archangel Michael, patron of the town.

The weather in Mecatlán is warm all year, with rains in summer and autumn.

Xalapa
Xalapa or Jalapa (English: /həˈlɑːpə/, Spanish: [xaˈlapa] ⓘ), officially Xalapa-Enríquez (IPA: [xaˈlapa enˈrikes]), is the capital city of the Mexican state of Veracruz and the name of the surrounding municipality. In 2020 census the city reported a population of 443,063 and the municipality of which it serves as municipal seat reported a population of 488,531. The municipality has an area of 118.45 km2. Xalapa lies near the geographic center of the state and is the second-largest city in the state after the city of Veracruz to the southeast.