hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2011 in Pakistani television
The following is a list of events affecting Pakistani television in 2011. Events listed include television show debuts, and finales; channel launches, and closures; stations changing or adding their network affiliations; and information about changes of ownership of channels or stations.

Television in Pakistan
Television in Pakistan started in 1964 and the first live transmission of Pakistan Television began on 26 November 1964, in Lahore.

In the early 2020s there were some 114 satellite TV channels in Pakistan, with most (42) concentrating on entertainment followed by news and current affairs (31).
Kashmiri proverbs
Kashmiri proverbs are proverbs in the Kashmiri language, spoken Kashmir. The best available source for the study of these proverbs is a book by Sh. Omkar N. Koul, A Dictionary of Kashmiri Proverbs. It was first published in 1992, then a second edition was published in 2005, and is now available online.

Kashmiri proverbs come in a variety of grammatical forms, such as:

simple statements: "An apple gets its colour from another apple."

conjoined phrases: "(She) came to visit the shopkeeper but went to visit a baker instead."

dialogues: "Mother, no one abuses me." "Son, go and sit on the road."

wellerism: "The horse has said, “I will help you to go up the steep, but you lead me down the slope."

rhetorical question: "How will a lamp help a blind person in the dark?"

sentence fragments: "With short hands and long tongue."

Wellerism
Wellerisms, named after sayings of Sam Weller in Charles Dickens's novel The Pickwick Papers, make fun of established clichés and proverbs by showing that they are wrong in certain situations, often when taken literally. In this sense, Wellerisms that include proverbs are a type of anti-proverb. Typically a Wellerism consists of three parts: a proverb or saying, a speaker, and an often humorously literal explanation.

Some playwrights adapting Dickens' work have coined further examples.

A type of Wellerism called a Tom Swifty incorporates a speaker attribution that puns on the quoted statement.
2000 O'Reilly 400
The 2000 O'Reilly 400 was a NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series event held at the Texas Motor Speedway in Fort Worth, Texas, USA, as part or the 2000 season. It was the penultimate race of the season.

The race was won by Bryan Reffner in the #3 Johns Manville/Menards Chevrolet Silverado for Team Menard. Greg Biffle, driving the #50 Grainger Ford F-150 for Roush Racing, secured the series championship with a 25th-place finish.

The event was marred, however, by an accident on Lap 33 that led to the death of driver Tony Roper.

Menards
Menard, Inc., doing business as Menards (/məˈnɑːrdz/ mə-NARDZ), is an American big-box home improvement retail chain headquartered in Eau Claire, Wisconsin, United States. It is the third-largest home improvement retailer in the United States (behind Lowe's and Home Depot), with 341 stores in 15 U.S. states, primarily in the Midwest. The chain is privately owned by founder John Menard Jr.
2024 NCAA Division I men's golf championship
The 2024 NCAA Division I Men's Golf Championship was a golf tournament contested May 24–29 at Omni La Costa Resort & Spa in Carlsbad, California. It was the 85th NCAA Division I Men's Golf Championship and included both team and individual championships.

Carlsbad, California
Carlsbad is a beach city in the North County area of San Diego County, California, United States. The city is 35 miles (56 km) north of downtown San Diego and 87 miles (140 km) south of downtown Los Angeles. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 114,746. Carlsbad is a popular tourist destination and home to many businesses in the golf industry.
De Zeven Provinciën-class cruiser
The De Zeven Provinciën class (also called Eendracht class) was a class of light cruisers. They were built by Rotterdamsche Droogdok Maatschappij (RDM) and Wilton-Fijenoord for the Royal Netherlands Navy. The name De Zeven Provinciën refers to the seven provinces which formed the Dutch Republic in 1581.

RIM-2 Terrier
The Convair RIM-2 Terrier was a two-stage medium-range naval surface-to-air missile (SAM), among the earliest SAMs to equip United States Navy ships. It underwent significant upgrades while in service, starting with beam-riding guidance with a 10-nautical-mile (19 km) range at a speed of Mach 1.8 and ending as a semi-active radar homing (SARH) system with a range of 40 nmi (74 km) at speeds as high as Mach 3. It was replaced in service by the RIM-67 Standard ER (SM-1ER).

Terrier has also been used as the base stage for a family of sounding rockets, beginning with the Terrier Malemute.
Kazan Lake
Kazan Lake is a lake about 30 kilometres (19 mi) south of the village of Buffalo Narrows in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. The lake is surrounded by muskeg and boreal forest, with black spruce being the most common tree. Several small streams feed into the lake while its outflow is the Kazan River. The Kazan River flows out of the lake at the north end and travels north for about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) before emptying into Peter Pond Lake. Peter Pond Lake is at the headwaters of the Churchill River.

Situated in Crown land, the entirety of Kazan Lake is within an Important Bird Area of Canada. Near the north end of the lake is the three-hectare Gatehouse Island Wildlife Refuge (55°35′00″N 108°21′03″W﻿ / ﻿55.5834°N 108.3507°W﻿ / 55.5834; -108.3507). There are no communities on the lake and Highway 155 is the nearest highway.

Fish commonly found in Kazan Lake include walleye, northern pike, burbot, white sucker, and yellow perch.

Buffalo Narrows
Buffalo Narrows (Plains Cree: ᒧᐢᑐᓱ ᐘᐹᓯᕽ, romanized: mostoso-wapâsihk) is a northern village in Saskatchewan, Canada. It is a community of 1,110 people. Located at the "Narrows" between Peter Pond Lake and Churchill Lake, tourism and resource extraction (logging, fishing) are its main economic activities.
1991 US Open – Men's singles
Stefan Edberg defeated Jim Courier in the final, 6–2, 6–4, 6–0 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 1991 US Open. It was his first US Open singles title and fifth major singles title overall.

Pete Sampras was the defending champion, but lost in the quarterfinals to Courier.

Five-time champion Jimmy Connors, who turned 39 during the tournament, entered as a wildcard and impressively reached the semifinals before losing to Courier. Connors was the oldest male semifinalist at the tournament since Ken Rosewall in 1974 (whom Connors himself then defeated in the final).

Jim Courier
James Spencer Courier (born August 17, 1970) is an American former professional tennis player. He was ranked as the world No. 1 in men's singles by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) for 58 weeks, including as the year-end No. 1 in 1992. Courier won 23 ATP Tour-level singles titles, including four majors – two at the French Open and two at the Australian Open – and was the youngest man in the Open Era to reach the final of all four singles majors, after reaching the final of the 1993 Wimbledon Championships aged 22 years, 319 days, a record that stood until Carlos Alcaraz achieved the same feat aged 22 years, 266 days at the 2026 Australian Open. He also won five Masters titles and was part of the victorious United States Davis Cup teams in 1992 and 1995.

Since 2005, Courier has worked as a tennis commentator, notably for Nine (and previously Seven), the host broadcaster of the Australian Open. He is also an analyst for Tennis Channel and Prime Video Sport.
Communication Workers of Canada
The Communication Workers of Canada (CWC) was a trade union, mostly representing telephone workers in Canada.

The union originated as the Canadian Communication Workers' Council, a division of the Communications Workers of America, founded in 1967. In 1972, it broke away from its parent union, to become the independent Communication Workers of Canada, under the leadership of Fred Pomeroy. It initially had 4,000 members, mostly from SaskTel, with smaller numbers from Northern Electric and Toronto Telephone House.

In 1976, the union was recognized as representing 12,000 Bell Canada technical workers in Ontario and Quebec, while in 1979, 7,400 operators and cafeteria staff at Bell joined, moving from the Communication Union of Canada. In 1983, the union merged with the Canadian District of the International Union of Electrical Workers, to form the Communications and Electrical Workers of Canada.

SaskTel
Saskatchewan Telecommunications Holding Corporation, operating as SaskTel, is a Canadian telecommunications crown corporation based in the province of Saskatchewan. Owned by the provincial government, it provides wireline and wireless communications services, including landline telephone, mobile networks, broadband internet (including copper DSL, fibre to the home, and wireless broadband), IPTV, and security services. Through a subsidiary, SaskTel International, the company has also worked on telecom infrastructure projects in countries such as Argentina and the Bahamas, as well as being the lead implementation company for the communication and control systems of the Channel Tunnel between England and France.

As of 2022, SaskTel serves around 1.4 million customers, and has an annual revenue of around CA$1.3 billion.
Anyuy (Amur)
The Anyuy (Russian: река Аню́й), also known as Onyuy (Онюй) or Dondon (Дондон) is a river in the Khabarovsk Krai in Russia. It is a right tributary of the Amur. It originates on slope of Tordoki Yani in the Sikhote-Alin mountain range, and falls into the Amur between Khabarovsk and Komsomolsk-on-Amur.

The length of the Anyuy is 393 kilometres (244 mi). The area of its basin is 12,700 square kilometres (4,900 sq mi). The Manoma is a main tributary of the Anyuy.

Komsomolsk-on-Amur
Komsomolsk-on-Amur (Russian: Комсомольск-на-Амуре, romanized: Komsomolsk-na-Amure, IPA: [kəmsɐˈmolʲsk nɐ‿ɐˈmurʲə]) is a city in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia, located on the west bank of the Amur River in the Russian Far East. It is located on the Baikal-Amur Mainline, 356 kilometers (221 mi) northeast of Khabarovsk. Population: 238,505 (2021 census); 263,906 (2010 census); 281,035 (2002 census); 315,325 (1989 Soviet census).
Buffalo Forge
Buffalo Forge, also known as the Forge Complex, is a historic iron forge complex and national historic district located near Glasgow, Rockbridge County, Virginia. The district encompasses 11 contributing buildings, 1 contributing site, and 3 contributing structures.  The manor house is known as Mount Pleasant and was built in two sections of similar stone construction.  The earlier section dates to about 1819, and the wing was added about 1830.  A frame wing was added in the late-19th century and a kitchen wing in the early-20th century.  The district also includes the contributing kitchen (c. 1820), two slave quarters (c. 1858), garage (c. 1940), spring house  / dairy (c. 1820), stone cabin (pre-1865), shed (pre-1900), stables / barn (pre-1865), corn crib (pre-1920), hen house (pre-1920), and the ruins of the merchant mill and mill race.  Iron production at Buffalo Forge ceased in the fall of 1868.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.

Rockbridge County, Virginia
Rockbridge County is a county in the Shenandoah Valley on the western edge of the Commonwealth of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 22,650. Its county seat is the city of Lexington. Rockbridge County completely surrounds the independent cities of Buena Vista and Lexington. The Bureau of Economic Analysis combines the independent cities of Buena Vista and Lexington with Rockbridge County for statistical purposes.
Milicent Patrick
Milicent Patrick (born Mildred Elizabeth Fulvia di Rossi; November 11, 1915 – February 24, 1998) was an American actress, makeup designer, special effects artist, and animator.

Born in El Paso, Texas, Patrick spent much of her early life in California, most notably in San Simeon, as her father, Camille Charles Rossi, was superintendent of construction at Hearst Castle. In 1939, Patrick began working for Walt Disney Productions and became one of the studio's first female animators. Patrick continued her career at Universal Studios and is cited as being the first woman to work in a special effects and makeup department. She is best known for being the creator of the head costume for the iconic Gill-man from the film Creature from the Black Lagoon (1954).

Universal Filmed Entertainment Group
The Universal Filmed Entertainment Group Inc. (UFEG), also known as Universal Filmed Entertainment and doing business as Universal Studios (formerly known as Universal Studios Inc.), is an American entertainment company and business unit within NBCUniversal, a subsidiary of Comcast, that oversees and manages its film and television businesses, including its flagship divisions, Universal Pictures and Universal Television.

The company was formed in 1996 following the acquisition of MCA by Seagram, and its subsequent rebranding to Universal Studios Inc., which would later take on its current name in 2013. Since its formation, the company has become a major force in the film and entertainment industries.

Its studios are located in Universal City, California, and its corporate offices are located in New York City.
Ride (Billy Crawford album)
Ride is the second studio album by Filipino-American singer Billy Crawford. It was released by V2 Records on July 8, 2002. Crawford worked with a variety of musicians on the album, including Bloodshy & Avant, Rob Fusari, Wayne Hector, Eve Nelson, Steve Robson, and Soulshock & Karlin. Following the commercial failure of lead single "When You're in Love with Someone" in the United States, the domestic release of Ride was cancelled. Elsewhere, it entered the top ten on the French Albums Chart. Ride produced the number-one hit "Trackin'" as well as three additional singles that followed, along with a special edition re-release in 2003.

Steve Robson
Steve Robson (born 1969) is an English songwriter and record producer who has sold in excess of 138 million records around the world. He has written and produced 12 No. 1 UK/US singles, 38 No. 1 UK/US albums and a further 41 top 5 UK/US albums and singles. He is Grammy-nominated for Rascal Flatts' “What Hurts the Most”, which also won BMI Song of the Year and a Nashville Songwriters Association International "10 Songs I Wish I'd Written" award, He has won Ivor Novello Awards and Brit Awards for Take That's “Shine” and has had two more Ivor Novello nominations for Olly Murs' “Troublemaker” and "Dance with Me Tonight".
Westside, Birmingham
The Westside is a district of the city centre of Birmingham, England, which includes many new and planned buildings such as The Cube, Library of Birmingham, Ikon Gallery, Trident House and Regal Tower.

Ikon Gallery
The Ikon Gallery (grid reference SP060866) is an English gallery of contemporary art, located in Brindleyplace, Birmingham. It is housed in the Grade II listed, neo-Gothic former Oozells Street Board School, designed by John Henry Chamberlain in 1877.

Ikon was set up to encourage the public to engage in contemporary art. As a result, the gallery delivers an off-site Education and Interpretation scheme to educate audiences, and to promote artists and their work. The gallery is open every day of the week except Mondays, though it opens on bank holiday Mondays.

Featured artworks include all forms of media including sound, sculpture and photography as well as paintings. Exhibitions rotate throughout the year so that as many pieces can be displayed as possible. Ikon is a registered charity which is partly funded by Birmingham City Council and Arts Council of England.
Luke Whitlatch
Luke Whitlatch (born 1977, Casper, Wyoming) is an American, Asheville, North Carolina–based, artist. His paintings have been shown in Los Angeles, New York City, and Wyoming.  His work has been reviewed in Modern Painters and the Columbia Art and Literature Review.

Whitlatch grew up in Wyoming before moving to Los Angeles to study art at Otis College of Art and Design, where he received a BFA in 2001.

Casper, Wyoming
Casper is a city in, and the county seat of, Natrona County, Wyoming, United States. Casper is the second-most populous city in the state after Cheyenne, with the population at 59,038 as of the 2020 census. Casper is nicknamed "The Oil City" and has a long history of oil boomtown and cowboy culture, dating back to the development of the nearby Salt Creek Oil Field.

Casper is located in east central Wyoming on the North Platte River.
1st Igo Masters Cup
The 1st Igo Masters Cup began on 24 February and ended on 23 July 2011. Eleven players participated: Kobayashi Koichi (Honorary Kisei, Meijin, and Gosei), Kudo Norio (Tengen 1997, Oza 1977), Rin Kaiho (Honorary Tengen), Kataoka Satoshi (Tengen 1982, 1983), Hane Yasumasa (Oza 1990), Ishida Yoshio (24th Honinbo), Takemiya Masaki (Meijin, Honinbo, and Judan), Cho Chikun (25th Honinbo, Honorary Meijin), O Rissei (Kisei, Judan, and Oza), Kobayashi Satoru (Kisei, Gosei 1995), Otake Hideo (Honorary Gosei).

Kobayashi Koichi, Ishida Yoshio, Takemiya Masaki, Cho Chikun, and Otake Hideo were given first round byes.

Rin Kaiho
Rin Kaihō or Lin Haifeng (Chinese: 林海峰; pinyin: Lín Hǎifēng; born May 6, 1942) is a professional Taiwanese  Go player who made his name in Japan. He is, along with Cho Chikun, Kobayashi Koichi, Otake Hideo, Takemiya Masaki and Kato Masao, considered one of the 'Six Supers' who dominated the Japanese Go world in the last three decades of the twentieth century.
CPN Cudis
CPN Cudis is a British provider of electrical circuit protection components, such as distribution boards and consumer units. The business was founded in 2004.

The company's headquarters is in Bury, Greater Manchester, and employs approximately 20 staff.

CPN Cudis supply customers worldwide, but mainly operate in the UK and Europe. Their range of products includes consumer units, 3-phase distribution boards, surge protection devices, control gears, rotary isolators, auxiliaries, DOL starters and surge protection units.

Surge protector
A surge protector, spike suppressor, surge suppressor, surge diverter, surge protection device (SPD), transient voltage suppressor (TVS), or transient voltage surge suppressor (TVSS) is an appliance or device intended to protect electrical devices in alternating current (AC) circuits from voltage spikes with very short duration measured in microseconds, which can arise from a variety of causes including lightning strikes in the vicinity.

A surge protector limits the voltage supplied to the electrical devices to a certain threshold by short-circuiting current to ground or absorbing the spike when a transient occurs, thus avoiding damage to the devices connected to it.

Key specifications that characterize this device are the clamping voltage, or the transient voltage at which the device starts functioning, the joule rating, a measure of how much energy can be absorbed per surge, and the response time.
Benjamin Rabier
Benjamin Rabier (1864–1939) was a French illustrator, comic book artist and animator. He became famous for creating the logo for Laughing Cow Cheese (La vache qui rit), and is one of the precursors of animal comics. His work has inspired many other artists, notably Hergé and Edmond-François Calvo.

A native of La Roche-sur-Yon, Vendée, Rabier started to work as an illustrator for various newspapers after meeting political cartoonist Caran d'Ache. His first album for children was the story of Tintin-Lutin, published in 1898, which told of a young lutin or "imp"; here his main characters are human and not animals, as they came to be in later albums. His most famous creations are Gideon the duck and the characters he drew for Le roman de Renart.

He died at Faverolles, Indre, in 1939.

Vendée
Vendée (French pronunciation: [vɑ̃de] ⓘ) is a department in the Pays de la Loire region in Western France, on the Atlantic coast. In 2019, it had a population of 685,442. Its prefecture is La Roche-sur-Yon.
Pamela Vezey
Pamela Vezey (19 September 1932, Bath, Somerset – 18 June 1992) was an English actress best known for her roles as Kath Brownlow/Fellowes in Crossroads and as the mother of Carol and Trisha Yates in the children's television series Grange Hill.

She died of cancer in 1992.

Grange Hill
Grange Hill is a British children's television drama series, originally produced by the BBC and portraying life in a typical comprehensive school. The show began its run on 8 February 1978 on BBC1, and was one of the longest-running programmes on British television when it ended on 15 September 2008 after 31 series. It was created by Phil Redmond, who is also responsible for the Channel 4 dramas Brookside and Hollyoaks; other notable production team members down the years have included producer Colin Cant and script editor Anthony Minghella.

The show was cancelled in 2008, having run every year for 30 years. It was felt by the BBC that the series had run its course.
Abe Hall
Abe Hall (25 August 1912 – 18 April 1950) was an Australian rugby league player.

Born in Young, Hall grew up in a large family as one of 13 siblings. The family was active in the local sporting scene and at one point comprised the entire cricket XI for the Wambanumba team in Young. He was one of seven members of the family to play rugby league in the Maher Cup, making his own debut at age 16.

Hall, who was primarily a centre, gained representative honours for New South Wales in 1932 and in the same year served as a Kangaroos reserve for an SCG test match against the touring Great British side. He had a brief stint with the Balmain Tigers late in the 1943 NSWRFL season, at the advanced age of 30, and amongst his four first–grade appearances were two finals matches.

In 1950, Hall died in a workplace accident while cleaning a petrol tank at a depot in Grenfell, after suffocating on fumes when his protective mask malfunctioned.

Balmain Tigers
The Balmain Tigers (also known as the Sydney Tigers from 1995 to 1996) are a rugby league club based in the inner-western Sydney suburb of Balmain. They were a founding member of the New South Wales Rugby League and one of the most successful in the history of the premiership, with eleven titles. In 1999 they formed a joint venture club with the Western Suburbs Magpies club to form the Wests Tigers for competition in the National Rugby League (NRL). They no longer field any senior teams in the lower divisions. At the time of the joint venture only South Sydney Rabbitohs and the St George Dragons had won more titles than the Tigers.

The club's home grounds are at present Leichhardt Oval, in Lilyfield, and T.G Milner Sportsground, in Marsfield.
Geometric and Topological Inference
Geometric and Topological Inference is a monograph in computational geometry, computational topology, geometry processing, and topological data analysis, on the problem of inferring properties of an unknown space from a finite point cloud of noisy samples from the space. It was written by Jean-Daniel Boissonnat, Frédéric Chazal, and Mariette Yvinec, and published in 2018 by the Cambridge University Press in their Cambridge Texts in Applied Mathematics book series. The Basic Library List Committee of the Mathematical Association of America has suggested its inclusion in undergraduate mathematics libraries.

Mathematical Association of America
The Mathematical Association of America (MAA) is a professional society that focuses on mathematics accessible at the undergraduate level. Members include university, college, and high school teachers; graduate and undergraduate students; pure and applied mathematicians; computer scientists; statisticians; and many others in academia, government, business, and industry.

The MAA was founded in 1915 and is headquartered at 11 Dupont in the Dupont Circle neighborhood of Washington, D.C. The organization publishes mathematics journals and books, including the American Mathematical Monthly (established in 1894 by Benjamin Finkel), the most widely read mathematics journal in the world according to records on JSTOR.