hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
La Litera
La Litera (Spanish: [la liˈteɾa]) or La Llitera (Catalan: [la ʎiˈteɾa]) (Aragonese: A Litera) is an Aragonese comarca in the south-east of the province of Huesca.

Its cultural capital is Tamarite de Litera, its administrative capital is Binefar and it borders the comarques of Ribagorza, Somontano de Barbastro, Cinca Medio, Bajo Cinca in Aragon and Noguera and Segrià in Catalonia.

Its west half side belongs to the Catalan-speaking strip in eastern Aragon known as La Franja.

Aragonese language
Aragonese (/ˌærəɡəˈniːz/ ARR-ə-gə-NEEZ; aragonés [aɾaɣoˈnes] in Aragonese) is a Romance language spoken in several dialects by about 12,000 people as of 2011, in the Pyrenees valleys of Aragon, Spain, primarily in the comarcas of Somontano de Barbastro, Jacetania, Alto Gállego, Sobrarbe, and Ribagorza/Ribagorça. It is the only modern language which survived from medieval Navarro-Aragonese in a form distinct from Spanish.

Historically, people referred to the language as fabla ('talk' or 'speech'). Native Aragonese people usually refer to it by the names of its local dialects such as cheso (from Valle de Hecho) or patués (from the Benasque Valley).
Bisindolylmaleimide
Bisindolylmaleimide is an organic compound that forms the core chemical structure of a variety of biologically active compounds.  This core structure includes a central maleimide group with two indole groups attached.

Examples of bisindolylmaleimide derivatives include:

Bisindolylmaleimide I

Enzastaurin

Ruboxistaurin

Tivantinib

Maleimide
Maleimide is a chemical compound with the formula H2C2(CO)2NH (see diagram). This unsaturated imide is an important building block in organic synthesis. The name is a contraction of maleic acid and imide, the -C(O)NHC(O)- functional group.  Maleimides are also a class of derivatives of the parent maleimide where the NH group is replaced with alkyl or aryl groups such as a methyl or phenyl, respectively. The substituent can also be a small molecule (such as biotin, a fluorescent dye, an oligosaccharide, or a nucleic acid), a reactive group, or a synthetic polymer such as polyethylene glycol. Human hemoglobin chemically modified with maleimide-polyethylene glycol is a blood substitute called MP4.
Jacob Curiel
Dom Jacob Curiel (26 September 1587 - 3 April 1664), known by his alias Dom Duarte Nunes da Costa, was a Sephardi Jewish merchant, diplomat, and nobleman.

Curiel was educated at the University of Coimbra and the University of Bologna. In 1618 he acquired a historically significant Tanakh in Pisa. Around 1620 he lived in Florence, where his son Moses Curiel was born. Around 1627 the family moved to Hamburg, Germany. Until 1640 he served as Agent to the Iberian Union, but then choose for the Portuguese Crown.

On 14 June 1641 Jacob Curiel was ennobled by John IV of Portugal.

In 1645 his son Moses Curiel was appointed as Agent of the Portuguese Crown in Amsterdam. Solomon Curiel, Moses Curiel's son, assumed the position of Agent of the Portuguese Crown in Hamburg after his father's death in 1697.

Fidalgo
Fidalgo (Portuguese: [fiˈðalɣu], Galician: [fiˈðalɣʊ]), from Galician fillo de algo and Portuguese filho de algo—equivalent to a nobleman, but sometimes literally translated into English as "nobleman" —is a traditional title of Portuguese nobility and Brazilian nobility that refers to a member of the titled or untitled nobility. A fidalgo is comparable in some ways to the French gentilhomme (the word also implies nobility by birth or by charge), and to the Italian nobile but having a higher rank to the British baronet as being a part of the aristocracy, not a commoner. The title was abolished after the overthrow of the monarchy in 1910 by the republic and is also a family surname.
Cam-Pact
Cam-Pact was an Australian soul and psychedelic pop band which formed in April 1967. Originally they performed as The Camp Act but soon changed to Cam-Pact (or CamPact). Although little known outside Melbourne at the time, the various lineups of the group featured a number of young Melbourne musicians who went on to become significant figures on the Australian music scene, including Ray Arnott, Keith Glass, Chris Löfvén, Russell Smith, Robert Lloyd, Chris Stockley and Bill Blissett. Cam-Pact issued five singles and three extended plays on Festival Records before disbanding in March 1970.

Psychedelic pop
Psychedelic pop (or acid pop) is a genre of pop music that contains musical characteristics associated with psychedelic music. Developing in the mid-to-late 1960s, elements included "trippy" features such as fuzz guitars, tape manipulation, backwards recording, sitars, and Beach Boys-style harmonies, wedded to melodic songs with tight song structures. The style lasted into the early 1970s. It has seen revivals in subsequent decades by neo-psychedelic artists.
Terri Bonoff
Terri E. Bonoff (born August 1, 1957) is an American politician from the U.S. state of Minnesota. She is a former member of the Minnesota Senate, representing District 44, which included portions of Minnetonka, Plymouth and Woodland in Hennepin County in the Twin Cities metropolitan area. A member of the Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party (DFL), she was a candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives in Minnesota's 3rd congressional district in 2016. She was defeated by incumbent Republican Erik Paulsen in the general election. She now resides in Atlanta, Georgia and is CEO of Jewish Family & Career Services.

Minnesota Senate
The Minnesota Senate is the upper house of the legislature of the U.S. state of Minnesota. At 67 members, half as many as the Minnesota House of Representatives, it is the largest upper house of any U.S. state legislature. Floor sessions are held in the west wing of the State Capitol in Saint Paul. Committee hearings, as well as offices for senators and staff, are located north of the State Capitol in the Minnesota Senate Building. Each member of the Minnesota Senate represents approximately 85,000 constituents.
Winson Green
Winson Green is a loosely defined inner-city area in the west of the city of Birmingham, England. It is part of the ward of Soho.

It is the location of HM Prison Birmingham (known locally as Winson Green Prison or "the Green") and of City Hospital (formerly Dudley Road Hospital) as well as of the former All Saints' Hospital.

The area has a diverse multi-racial population, including large Afro-Caribbean and Asian communities. There is a nearby large Tesco supermarket and attached Victorian library, Spring Hill Library.

Spring Hill Library
Spring Hill Library (grid reference SP055874) is a red brick and terracotta Victorian building in Ladywood, Birmingham, England.

Designed in 1891 by Frederick Martin of Martin & Chamberlain with a 65-foot (20 m) clock tower on the corner of Icknield Street and Spring Hill and opened on 7 January 1893, it now stands next to a roundabout and linked via a glazed atrium to a new (2010) Tesco superstore. The site was previously the location for the turnpike gate house for Icknield Street.

The library is a Grade II* listed building.

It closed down for good in 2022, and as of 2025 will never reopen.

Arms of Birmingham

The ceiling, with curved iron girders concealed (unusual for Martin & Chamberlain)
Dow v. United States
Dow v. United States, 226 F. 145 (4th Cir., 1915), is a United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit, case in which a Lebanese Maronite immigrant, George Dow, appealed two lower court decisions denying his application for naturalization as a United States citizen.: 257  Following the lower court decisions in Ex Parte Dow (1914) and In re Dow (1914), Dow v. United States resulted in the Circuit Court's affirmation of the petitioner's right to naturalize based, in the words of Circuit Judge Charles Albert Woods, on "the generally received opinion . . . that the inhabitants of a portion of Asia, including Syria, [are] to be classed as white persons".: 7

George Dow's gauntlet through the American legal system, and the language with which his petition for citizenship was dealt, illustrate the degree to which legal bodies struggled to classify new groups of immigrants in a racial schema which would ultimately determine these immigrants' right to become American citizens.

Federal Reporter
The Federal Reporter (ISSN 1048-3888) is a case law reporter in the United States that is published by West Publishing and a part of the National Reporter System. It begins with cases decided in 1880; pre-1880 cases were later retroactively compiled by West Publishing into a separate reporter, Federal Cases. The fourth and current Federal Reporter series publishes decisions of the United States courts of appeals and the United States Court of Federal Claims; prior series had varying scopes that covered decisions of other federal courts as well. Though the Federal Reporter is an unofficial reporter and West is a private company that does not have a legal monopoly over the court opinions it publishes, it has so dominated the industry in the United States that legal professionals, including judges, uniformly cite to the Federal Reporter for included decisions.  Approximately 30 new volumes are published each year.
Uduk
Uduk can refer to:

Uduk people, an ethnic group from eastern Sudan, south of the Blue Nile River. This ethnic group continues to identify as Kwanim Pa (uduk), and is the only ethnic group who can still relate to the Kemetic ancient people of modern-day Egypt. These people have suffered from the civil war of 1983, and according to Kwanim Pa historians, these people have said to have come from an area north of Khartoum.

Uduk language, a language of Ethiopia and Sudan

Uduk (cuisine), a variety of steamed rice from Indonesia

Uduk language
Uduk, also known as Twʼampa (Tʼwampa), is a Koman language spoken in Sudan near the border with Ethiopia.  Nearly the entire population fled to a refugee camp in Ethiopia during the Second Sudanese Civil War, but returned to Sudan once fighting stopped. The resurgence of hostilities in the Blue Nile province after 2011 once more resulted in the Uduk community having to enter refugee camps in Ethiopia and South Sudan.
George Turnbull (soldier)
George Turnbull (1728 – 16 February 1809) was a Scottish American soldier and settler in New York City.

He served as a soldier for about 60 years, initially for about 10 years in Colonel Majoribanks' Regiment of Scots, but then in North America.

New York Volunteers
The New York Volunteers, also known as the New York Companies and 1st Dutchess County Company, was a British Loyalist Provincial regiment, which served with the British Army, during American Revolutionary War.   Eventually, the New York Volunteers became the 3rd American Regiment, after being place on American establishment.
Namena Lala
Namena Lala (sometimes spelt Namenalala) is a volcanic islet in Fiji, an outlier to the northern island of Vanua Levu (off Wainunu Bay), 24 kilometres (15 miles) away.  Situated at 17.11° South and 179.10° East, it covers an area of 4 square kilometres (990 acres).  Its maximum altitude is 105 metres (340 ft). The island is the site of the 0.44 square kilometres (110 acres) Namenalala Island resort and nature reserve.

A 52 hectares (130 acres) area of the island is the Namenalala Important Bird Area. It supports a population of vulnerable Shy Ground-dove. The sea bird nesting colony and beach forest of the island contribute to its national significance as outlined in Fiji's Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan.

Islet
An islet (/ˈaɪlət/ EYE-lət) is generally a small island. Definitions vary and are not precise, but some suggest that an islet is a very small, often unnamed, island with little or no vegetation unable to support human habitation. It may be made of rock, sand and/or hard coral; may be permanent or tidal (i.e. surfaced reef or seamount); and may exist in the sea, lakes, rivers or any other sizeable bodies of water.
Gabay
Gabay is an English, Dutch, French, Spanish and Jewish surname, and derives from the Aramaic word Gabbai. The name is usually borne by people of Israeli Jewish descent. For people with the surname spelled Gabai, see Gabai. Notable people with the surname include:

Eli Gabay, Canadian actor

Ilya Yankelevich Gabay (1935–1973),  Soviet civil rights activist

Michael "Micha" Gabay (born 1947), Swedish actor

Ronen Gabay, Israeli football player and manager

Yuval Gabay (born 1963), Israeli-American drummer

Ronen Gabay
Ronen Gabay (Hebrew: רונן גבאי; born 1965) is a former Israeli footballer who played in Maccabi Netanya throughout most of his career. He now works as the manager of the youth team of Netanya.

He previously worked as the manager of the highly successful youth team of Beitar Nes Tubruk.

On 27 December 2014, Gabay was appointed as the manager of Liga Alef club, Maccabi Kabilio Jaffa. However he left Jaffa after less than one month to become assistant manager at Maccabi Netanya.

On 1 May 2015, Gabay became the assistant manager at Maccabi Haifa.
John Fogarty (rugby union, born 1927)
John Raymond Patrick Fogarty (c. 18 October 1928 – 9 July 2007) was an Australian rugby union and rugby league footballer. He played two tests as a winger for the Wallabies in 1949.

Fogarty started playing rugby for St. Joseph's Nudgee College in Brisbane. He played for Brothers Old Boys in the Brisbane club rugby competition. in a golden era for the club. He represented Queensland as a winger.

Fogarty was a small player but was very fast and a good tackler.

In 1949, Fogarty was chosen in two tests against a New Zealand Maori side in Brisbane and Sydney. He was also a member of the Australian touring team to New Zealand led by Trevor Allan that won the Bledisloe Cup for the first time.

Fogarty's rugby league career included stints playing with Taree, Balmain, Brisbane Brothers and Herbert River. He also played one match for Queensland against New South Wales in 1952.

He died of lung cancer in 2007.

Brothers Rugby Club
Brothers Rugby Club (formally Brothers Old Boys) is an Australian rugby union club based in Brisbane, Queensland. The name alludes to its beginnings as a rugby club founded by alumni of schools established by the Congregation of Christian Brothers.

Brothers competes in the Queensland Premier Rugby competition against nine of the state's best Rugby Union clubs. The club was established in 1905 and has won 30 'A' Grade premierships. They have produced 272 Queensland and 96 Internationals including 83 Wallaby players over the last century.

The club is located at Crosby Park, Albion where it has a clubhouse, two canteens and the use of two illuminated fields.
Classical Weimar (World Heritage Site)
Classical Weimar (German: Klassisches Weimar) is a UNESCO World Heritage Site consisting of 11 sites located in and around the city of Weimar, Germany. The site was inscribed on 2 December 1998. The properties all bear testimony to the influence of Weimar as a cultural centre of the Enlightenment during the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. A number of notable writers and philosophers lived in Weimar between 1772 and 1805, including Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Johann Gottfried Herder, Friedrich Schiller, and Christoph Martin Wieland. These figures ushered in and participated in the Weimar Classicism movement, and the architecture of the sites across the city reflects the rapid cultural development of the Classical Weimar era.

Weimar Classicism
Weimar Classicism (German: Weimarer Klassik) was a German literary and cultural movement, whose practitioners established a new humanism from the synthesis of ideas from Romanticism, Classicism, and the Age of Enlightenment. It was named after the city of Weimar in the Duchy of Saxe-Weimar because its leading authors lived there.

The Weimarer Klassik movement began in 1771 when Duchess Anna Amalia of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel invited the Seyler Theatre Company led by Abel Seyler, pioneers of the Sturm und Drang movement, to her court in Weimar. The Seyler company was soon thereafter followed by Christoph Martin Wieland, then Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Johann Gottfried Herder and finally Friedrich Schiller. The movement was eventually centred upon Goethe and Schiller, previously also exponents of the Sturm und Drang movement, during the period of 1786–1805.
CcMmYK color model
CcMmYK, sometimes referred to as CMYKLcLm or CMYKcm, is a six-color printing process used in some inkjet printers optimized for photo printing. It complements the more common four-color CMYK process, which uses only cyan, magenta, yellow and black, by adding light cyan and light magenta. Individually, light cyan is often abbreviated Lc or c, and light magenta Lm or m.

Cyan
Cyan (/ˈsaɪ.ən, -æn/) is the color between blue and green on the visible spectrum of light. It is evoked by light with a predominant wavelength between 500 and 520 nm, between the wavelengths of green and blue.

In the subtractive color system, or CMYK color model, which can be overlaid to produce all colors in paint and color printing, cyan is one of the primary colors, along with magenta and yellow. In the additive color system, or RGB color model, used to create all the colors on a computer or television display, cyan is made by mixing equal amounts of green and blue light. Cyan is the complement of red; it can be made by the removal of red from white. Mixing red light and cyan light at the right intensity will make white light. It is commonly seen on a bright, sunny day in the sky.
Eluxadoline
Eluxadoline, sold under the brand names Viberzi and Truberzi, is a medication taken by mouth for the treatment of diarrhea and abdominal pain in individuals with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D). It was approved for use in the United States in 2015. The drug originated from Janssen Pharmaceutica and was developed by Actavis.

Oral administration
Oral administration is a route of administration whereby a substance is taken through the mouth, swallowed, and then processed via the digestive system. This is a common route of administration for many medications.

Oral administration can be easier and less painful than other routes of administration, such as injection.  However, the onset of action is relatively low, and the effectiveness is reduced if it is not absorbed properly in the digestive system, or if it is broken down by digestive enzymes before it can reach the bloodstream. Some medications may cause gastrointestinal side effects, such as nausea or vomiting, when taken orally. Oral administration can also only be applied to conscious patients, and patients able to swallow.
Roller derby in Canada
Canadian roller derby leagues were welcomed to join the Canadian Women's Flat Track Roller Derby Association, which in January 2012 was renamed the Roller Derby Association of Canada. The main governing body of flat-track roller derby is the Women's Flat Track Derby Association and Canada has its own subsidiary called WFTDI Canada (Women's Flat Track Derby International).

Junior roller derby leagues are eligible to join Junior Roller Derby Association Canada (JRDA Canada), the Canadian branch of the international governing body of junior roller derby.

The first Canadian team to be formed was Edmonton, Alberta's Oil City Roller Derby, founded under the name Oil City Derby Girls in 2005.

Team Canada is the national team that competes against other countries' teams at the Roller Derby World Cup.

Roller Derby World Cup
The Roller Derby World Cup is an international women's roller derby tournament formerly organized by Blood & Thunder magazine, and currently organized by the Roller Derby World Cup Committee. Teams of amateur skaters from around the world compete for their respective nations. The most recent Roller Derby World Cup was held in 2025 in Innsbruck, Austria.
MaMaMedia, Inc.
MaMaMedia was an educational consulting firm run by Idit Harel, specializing in applications of constructionist learning theory.

Founded in 1995, MaMaMedia.com was designed to foster digital literacy skills for children using constructionist theory principles.
It was awarded the GII Award for Education in 1999 "for helping kids become life-long learners". 
The site provided web users with a range of "playful learning" activities and projects.

Between 1996 and 2000, the company developed and grew in the emerging Internet and print marketplaces, publishing the first print magazine for children about the Internet, MaMaMedia: A Kid's Guide to the Net.

Digital literacy
Digital literacy is an individual's ability to find, evaluate, and communicate information using digital devices or digital media platforms. Digital literacy combines technical and cognitive abilities; it includes using information and communication technologies to create, evaluate, and share information, and critically examining their social and political impacts.

Digital literacy initially focused on digital skills and stand-alone computers, but the advent of the internet and social media use has shifted some of its focus to mobile devices.
Furutani
Furutani is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Dale Furutani (born 1946), American writer

Sokichi Furutani (1914–1985), Japanese serial killer

Warren Furutani (born 1947), American politician

Warren Furutani
Warren T. Furutani (born October 16, 1947) is an American politician, who served in the California State Assembly from 2008 to 2012. A member of the Democratic Party, Furutani was elected in a special election in 2008 to replace Laura Richardson. He previously served on the Los Angeles Unified School District Board, where he became the first Asian member in 1987 and the LAUSD Board president in 1991, and later on the Los Angeles Community College District Board of Trustees.
Rossian, Alberta
Rossian or Russian colony  is an unincorporated community in Alberta, Canada within Lac La Biche County, North of Plamondon, Alberta that is recognized as a designated place by Statistics Canada. It is located on the north side of the La Biche River, 3 km (1.9 mi) northwest of Highway 858.

Lac La Biche County
Lac La Biche County is a specialized municipality within Division No. 12 in northern Alberta, Canada. It was established through the amalgamation of the Town of Lac La Biche and Lakeland County in 2007.
Clinton van Rensburg
Clinton van Rensburg (born 9 October 1975) is a South African former rugby union player.

A native of Cape Town, he played for Western Province, Natal Sharks and the Orange Free State in the Currie Cup. In 1998 he linked up with South African coach Andre Bester at Irish club Ballymena, making him available to play for Ulster. He played inside centre for the province, replacing Mark McCall after his career-ending injury. He made two appearances in the IRFU Interprovincial Championship, and featured in all six pool games in Ulster's 1998-99 Heineken Cup-winning campaign, scoring a try against Toulouse, but was unavailable for the knockout stages, having signed a contract with Swansea.

He went on to play for the Sharks and Cats in Super 12, the Eastern Province Elephants in the Currie Cup, and Tarbes in the Pro D2. As of 2024, he coaches rugby at Rondebosch Boys' High School in Cape Town.

IRFU Interprovincial Championship
The IRFU Interprovincial Championship was a rugby union competition between the four provinces of Ireland – Ulster, Leinster, Munster and Connacht – and, for a brief period the Irish Exiles, run by the Irish Rugby Football Union.
Kafr Aruq
Kafr Aruq (Arabic: كفر عروق)  is a Syrian village located in Qurqania Nahiyah in Harem District, Idlib.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Kafr Aruq had a population of 1,739 in the 2004 census.

Harem District
Harem District (Arabic: منطقة حارم, romanized: manṭiqat Ḥārim) is a district of the Idlib Governorate in northwestern Syria. The administrative centre is the city of Harem. At the 2004 census, it had a population of 175,482.