hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
SN 2213−1745
SN 2213−1745 was an extremely remote superluminous supernova (SLSN), which occurred in between November 2004 and June 2005. It was discovered in Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey data. Its peak far-ultraviolet absolute magnitude reached −21.2, which was comparable to the total absolute magnitude of its host galaxy. The distance (redshift) to this supernova z=2.0458±0.0005 makes it one of the most remote supernova observed as of 2012. The luminosity of SN 2213−1745 evolved slowly over several years as it was still detectable in November 2006. Both the high luminosity and slow decay indicate that the supernova's progenitor was a star with an initial mass as high as 250 solar masses. The supernova explosion itself may have been a pair-instability supernova similar to the SN 2007bi event, with which it shares many similarities.

Observations of SN 2213−1745 imply that more than 3 solar masses of radioactive 56Ni may have been released by the star's explosion.

SN 2007bi
SN 2007bi was an extremely energetic supernova discovered early in 2007 by the international Nearby Supernova Factory based at the U.S. Department of Energy's Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The precursor star is estimated to have had 200 solar masses at the time of its formation and around 100 solar masses in its core when it went supernova. The explosion ejected more than 22 solar masses of silicon and other heavy elements into space during this supernova including more than 6 solar masses of radioactive nickel which caused the expanding gases to glow very brightly for many months.

The supernova has been described as an unambiguous fit for the pair-instability supernova model.
Ali Hamroyev
Ali Hamroyev (sometimes spelled Ali Khamrayev in English) (Uzbek: Ali Hamroyev, Али Ҳамроев; Russian: Али Хамраев) (born May 19, 1937) is an Uzbek actor, film director, screenwriter, and film producer. He is best known in the former Soviet Union for his works in the 1960s and 1970s. Since 1988 he has been living in Italy.

To date, Hamroyev has made over 30 documentary and over 20 feature films. His most famous films include Yor-yor (1964), The Seventh Bullet (1972), The Bodyguard (1979), and Vuodillik kelin (1984). Hamroyev has received many honorary titles and awards, including the title Meritorious Artist of Uzbekistan (1969).

Uzbeks
The Uzbeks (Uzbek: Oʻzbeklar; Ўзбеклар; اۉزبېکلر‎) are a Turkic ethnic group native to Central Asia, being the largest Turkic ethnic group in the area. They comprise the majority population of Uzbekistan, next to Tajiks and Karakalpak minorities, and also form minority groups in Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Russia, and China. Uzbek diaspora communities also exist in Turkey, Saudi Arabia, United States, Ukraine, Pakistan, and other countries.
Kąty, Łask County
Kąty [ˈkɔntɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Widawa, within Łask County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) south-west of Widawa, 25 km (16 mi) south-west of Łask, and 57 km (35 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Widawa, Łódź Voivodeship
Widawa [viˈdava] is a village in Łask County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Widawa. It lies approximately 22 km (14 mi) south-west of Łask and 53 km (33 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź. It is located in the Sieradz Land.
Viksdalen Church
Viksdalen Church (Norwegian: Viksdalen kyrkje) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Sunnfjord Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located in the village of Vik. It one of the four churches for the Gaular parish which is part of the Sunnfjord prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Bjørgvin. The white, wooden church was built in a long church style in 1848 using designs by the architect Hans Linstow. The church seats about 284 people.

Sunnfjord Municipality
Sunnfjord is a municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Sunnfjord. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Førde. Other villages in the municipality include Naustdal, Sande, Vassenden, and Skei.

The 2,208-square-kilometre (853 sq mi) municipality is the 27th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Sunnfjord Municipality is the 56th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 22,662. The municipality's population density is 10.3 inhabitants per square kilometre (27/sq mi) and its population has increased by 4.6% over the previous 10-year period.
2008 Barishal City Corporation election
The 2008 Barishal City Corporation election was an election in Barisal, Bangladesh, held on 8 May 2008 to elect the next Mayor of Barisal. Shawkat Hossain Hiron elected as second mayor of the Barishal City Corporation in May 2008.

Barishal City Corporation
Barishal City Corporation (Bengali: বরিশাল সিটি কর্পোরেশন - in short: BCC) is a local government authority responsible for administering all civic services in the city of Barisal, in south-central Bangladesh. The BCC government is elected by popular vote every five years. The corporation is headed by a mayor, who oversees a council consisting of 40 councillors representing different wards of the city. The functions and powers of the BCC are defined under the provisions of the City Corporation Act, 2009.

The corporation covers an area of over 58 square kilometers in the Barisal District where over five million people live as permanent residents. The body was known as Barisal Municipality previously, until it obtained the city corporation status by a ministry of local government declaration on 25 July 2002.
Microscanner
A microscanner, or micro scanning mirror, is a microoptoelectromechanical system (MOEMS) in the category of micromirror actuators for dynamic light modulation. Depending upon the type of microscanner, the modulatory movement of a single mirror can be either translatory or rotational, on one or two axes. In the first case, a phase shifting effect takes place. In the second case, the incident light wave is deflected.

Microscanners are different from spatial light modulators and other micromirror actuators which need a matrix of individually addressable mirrors in order to accomplish the desired modulation at any yield. If a single array mirror accomplishes the desired modulation but is operated in parallel with other array mirrors to increase light yield, then the term microscanner array is used.

Microactuator
A microactuator is a microscopic servomechanism that supplies and transmits a measured amount of energy for the operation of another mechanism or system. As a general actuator, following standards have to be met:

Large travel

High precision

Fast switching

Low power consumption

Power free force sustainability

For microactuator, there are two in addition

Microstructurability

Integrability
Stilleite
Stilleite is a selenide mineral, zinc selenide, with the formula ZnSe. It has been found only as microscopic gray crystals occurring as inclusions in linnaeite associated with other selenide and sulfides. It was originally discovered in Katanga Province, Zaire in 1956 and is named for the German geologist, Hans Stille (1876–1966).

It has been reported from the Santa Brigida mine, La Rioja Province, Argentina and from Tilkerode (Abberode) in the Harz Mountains, Germany. Associated minerals include pyrite, linnaeite, clausthalite, selenian vaesite, molybdenite and dolomite in the Shinkolobwe region of the Congo); and with tiemannite, clausthalite, eucairite, umangite, klockmannite in the  Santa Brigida mine, Argentina.

Umangite
Umangite is a copper selenide mineral, Cu3Se2, discovered in 1891. It occurs only in small grains or fine granular aggregates with other copper minerals of the sulfide group. It has a hardness of 3. It is blue-black to red-violet in color with a black streak. It has a metallic luster.

Umangite is named after the locality of Sierra de Umango, La Rioja province in Argentina. It also occurs at other localities including the Harz Mountains in Germany, and at Skrickerum, Sweden.
Lisvel Elisa Eve
Lisvel Elisa Eve-Castillo (née:Eve Mejía, born September 10, 1991) is a female volleyball player from the Dominican Republic, who played for the Women's National Team at the 2012 Summer Olympics.

Eve also played the 2008 Olympic Qualification Tournament in Japan. There the team ended up in fourth place, and did not qualify for the 2008 Summer Olympics. Shortly afterwards Eve claimed the gold medal at the 2008 Women's Pan-American Volleyball Cup in Mexico as a sixteen-year-old.

2011 Women's Pan-American Volleyball Cup
The 2011 Pan-American Volleyball Cup was the tenth edition of the annual women's volleyball tournament, played by twelve countries over July 1–9, 2011 in Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico. The top four NORCECA teams and the top two from CSV confederation, qualified for the 2012 FIVB World Grand Prix.
Adolf Kramer
Adolf Kramer  (1871 – 10 January 1934) was a Silesian German chess master.

He played in DSB Congress. He tied for 10-12th at Munich 1900 (Hauptturnier A), took 8th at Breslau 1912 (Hauptturnier B), shared 2nd at Hamburg 1921 (elim.), tied for 4-6th at Bad Oeynhausen 1922 (elim.), and took 5th at Duisburg 1929 (Hauptturnier B).

Kramer also participated several times in Silesian Chess Congress. He shared 1st with Ertelt and beat him in play-off at Beuthen (Bytom) 1923, shared 1st with Bergmann and lost to him in play-off at Bad Salzbrunn (Szczawno-Zdrój) 1924, took 4th at Altheide Bad (Polanica-Zdrój) 1926 (Fritz Sämisch won), took 5th at Gleiwitz (Gliwice) 1927 (Ludwig Schmitt and Heinz Foerder won), and took 4th at Reichenbach (Dzierżoniów) 1928 (Gottlieb Machate won).

Adolf Kramer famously beat former World Chess Champion Capablanca at Tartu in 1914 in just 9 moves (Capablanca apparently had a cold during this game)

Ludwig Schmitt
Ludwig Schmitt (15 April 1902 – 1980) was a German chess master.

Schmitt was born in Augsburg (Bavaria) and later lived in Breslau, Prussian Silesia. He won the Silesian Chess Congress in 1927, 1933 and 1934, took 6th in 1930 (Heinz Foerder won), and 5th place in 1939 (Erich Weinitschke won) in these events. He was a Champion of Sachsen in 1929, 1932, 1933, and of Bayern in 1953.

He took 13th at Magdeburg 1927 (DSB Congress, Rudolf Spielmann won), tied for 8-10th at Brno 1931 (Salo Flohr won), took 18th at Bad Aachen 1934 (2nd German Chess Championship, Carl Carls won), tied for 5-7th at Bad Oeynhausen 1937 (4th GER-ch, Georg Kieninger won), tied for 12-14th at Bad Oeynhausen 1938 (5th GER-ch, Erich Eliskases won),

After World War II, he took 16th at Augsburg 1946 (Wolfgang Unzicker won), shared 1st with Unzicker at Leipzig 1953 (15th GER-ch) and lost a play-off match for the title to him (0.5 : 3.5) in January 1954.
MC Marcinho
Márcio André Nepomuceno Garcia (11 November 1977 – 26 August 2023), better known as MC Marcinho, was a Brazilian singer and composer of funk melody. He was famous for such hits as "Rap do Solitário", "Princesa", "Glamurosa", "Garota nota 100", and "Tudo é festa". During the height of his career, he was dubbed the "Prince of Funk".

Sandra de Sá
Sandra Cristina Frederico de Sá (born August 27, 1955) is a Brazilian singer and songwriter.

Sandra was born in the Pilares neighborhood, in the city of Rio de Janeiro, the daughter of Jurema and Nonô de Sá. Sandra's maternal grandfather, Manoel, was from Cabo Verde.

According to a DNA test, Sandra is 96.7% Black African, 2.1% European, and 1.1% Amerindian.
Enga Mioks
Enga Mioks (established 1992) is a semi-professional rugby league team based in Enga Province, Papua New Guinea. The team competes in the Papua New Guinea National Rugby League competition. They play at Johnson Siki Aipus Oval, Wabag located at 3 km outside the provincial capital Wabag.

Enga Province
Enga is one of the provinces in Papua New Guinea (PNG). Enga is geographically situated in the northern region of Papua New Guinea and was separated from the adjacent Western Highlands at the time of national independence in 1975. The majority ethnic group are Engans. Approximately 500,000 people live within the province, which has one spoken language in all five of its districts. A small minority of Engans' land on the eastern side of the region remained in the Western Highlands, their territory being accessible by road from Mount Hagen but not directly from elsewhere in Enga territory.
Atidia gens
The Atidia gens, also spelled Attidia, Attedia, and Atedia, was a minor plebeian family of ancient Rome.  Only a few members of this gens are mentioned by Roman writers, but others are known from inscriptions.  By the second century, at least one family of Attidii had attained senatorial rank, including Lucius Attidius Cornelianus, who was consul suffectus in AD 151.

Paul Cartledge
Paul Anthony Cartledge (born in London on 24 March 1947) is a British ancient historian and academic. From 2008 to 2014, he was the A. G. Leventis Professor of Greek Culture at the University of Cambridge. He had previously held a personal chair in Greek history at Cambridge. He is currently Emeritus A. G. Leventis Professor of Greek Culture at the University of Cambridge and a Global Distinguished Professor at NYU.
Apollonian network
In combinatorial mathematics, an Apollonian network is an undirected graph formed by a process of recursively subdividing a triangle into three smaller triangles. Apollonian networks may equivalently be defined as the planar 3-trees, the maximal planar chordal graphs, the uniquely 4-colorable planar graphs, and the graphs of stacked polytopes. They are named after Apollonius of Perga, who studied a related circle-packing construction.

Y-Δ transform
In circuit design, the Y-Δ transform, also written wye-delta and also known by many other names, is a mathematical technique to simplify the analysis of an electrical network. The name derives from the shapes of the circuit diagrams, which look respectively like the letter Y and the Greek capital letter Δ. This circuit transformation theory was published by Arthur Edwin Kennelly in 1899. It is widely used in analysis of three-phase electric power circuits.

The Y-Δ transform can be considered a special case of the star-mesh transform for three resistors.  In mathematics, the Y-Δ transform plays an important role in theory of circular planar graphs.
Mount Ayliff Hospital
Mount Ayliff Hospital is a Provincial government funded hospital in Mount Ayliff in the Alfred Nzo District of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa.

The hospital departments include Audiology, Emergency department, Paediatric ward, Maternity ward, Out Patients Department, Surgical Services, Medical Services, Operating Theatre & CSSD Services, Dentistry, Ophthalmology, Pharmacy, Anti-Retroviral (ARV) treatment for HIV/AIDS, Post Trauma Counseling Services, Termination of Pregnancy Services, X-ray Services, Physiotherapy, Occupational Health Services, Laundry, Kitchen Services and Mortuary.

Alfred Nzo District Municipality
The Alfred Nzo District Municipality (Xhosa: uMasipala weSithili sase Alfred Nzo) is one of the 6 districts of the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. The seat is Mount Ayliff. The majority of its 801,344 residents speak isiXhosa. The district code is DC44.

It is named after Alfred Baphethuxolo Nzo, a former secretary-general of the African National Congress and the Minister of Foreign Affairs in Nelson Mandela's cabinet from 1994 to 1999.
Kate Summerscale
Kate Summerscale (born 2 September 1965) is an English writer and journalist. She is best known for the bestselling narrative nonfiction books The Suspicions of Mr Whicher, which was made into a television drama, The Wicked Boy and The Haunting of Alma Fielding. She has won a number of literary prizes, including the Samuel Johnson Prize for Nonfiction in 2008.

Helen Edmundson
Helen Edmundson FRSL (born 1964) is a British playwright, screenwriter and producer. She is known for her plays and film and television dramas which distill historical complexities through her characters, for which she has won critical acclaim and awards including multiple UK Theatre Awards and the 2015 Windham-Campbell Literature Prize for Drama.

Edmundson's plays include Anna Karenina (1992), The Clearing (1993), The Mill on the Floss (1994), Coram Boy (2006), Zorro (2008), The Heresy of Love (2012), Queen Anne (2015) and Small Island (2019).

She has written television dramas including An Inspector Calls (2015), Dalgliesh (2021-present) and Belgravia: The Next Chapter (2024), also executive producing and showrunning the latter two.
2023 PEI Tankard
The 2023 PEI Tankard, the provincial men's curling championship for Prince Edward Island, was held from January 25 to 29 at the Crapaud Community Curling Club in Crapaud, Prince Edward Island. The event was held in conjunction with the 2023 Prince Edward Island Scotties Tournament of Hearts, the provincial women's championship.

The winning Tyler Smith rink represented Prince Edward Island at the 2023 Tim Hortons Brier in London, Ontario where they finished eighth in Pool B with a 2–6 record.

This is the first time since 2021 that the event will be held due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada.

2021 PEI Tankard
The 2021 PEI Tankard, the men's provincial curling championship for Prince Edward Island, was held from January 29 to 30 at the Maple Leaf Curling Club in O'Leary, Prince Edward Island. The winning Eddie MacKenzie rink represented Prince Edward Island at the 2021 Tim Hortons Brier in Calgary, Alberta where they finished with a  1–7 record. The event was held in conjunction with the 2021 Prince Edward Island Scotties Tournament of Hearts, the provincial women's championship.

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada, many teams could not commit to the quarantine process in order to compete at the national championship. Only two teams, Blair Jay from the Silver Fox Curling Club and Eddie MacKenzie from the Crapaud Community Curling Club and Montague Curling Club entered the event. Team MacKenzie won the best of five series in just three games.
Plaza Bolognesi
The Plaza Bolognesi is a roundabout located in the Lima District and the  Breña District, in the capital of Peru. It is located at the intersection of Brazil Avenue, Arica Avenue, Alfonso Ugarte Avenue, Guzmán Blanco Avenue, and 9 December Avenue.

It is named in honor of a national hero, Colonel Francisco Bolognesi, who participated in the Battle of Arica during the War of the Pacific. It is used exclusively for the Ceremony of the Flag, which is celebrated every June 7, on Peruvian Flag Day. It was inaugurated on November 6, 1905.

Lima District
Lima (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈli.ma]) is a district of Lima, Peru. It is the oldest district of the province and as such, vestiges of the city's Spanish period remain today in its historic centre, part of which was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988 and contains the foundational area once surrounded by the city's walls.
Monkcastle, North Ayrshire
Monkcastle or Monk Castle, sometimes known as Old Monkcastle, formed a small estate in the Parish of Kilwinning, North Ayrshire, Scotland, lying between Kilwinning and Dalry on the A737. The property was originally held by the Tironensian monks of Kilwinning Abbey and was probably the site of the abbot's country retreat. The 17th-century Monkcastle is a category B listed ruin, although it has been consolidated and stands next to a private house, constructed from the converted old home farm buildings. The 19th-century mansion of Monkcastle House is nearby, and is also category B listed. The castle may have been used as a dower house or retreat.

Kilwinning
Kilwinning (/kɪlˈwɪnɪŋ/, Scots: Kilwinnin; Scottish Gaelic: Cill D’Fhinnein) is a town in North Ayrshire, Scotland, located on the banks of the River Garnock in Ayrshire, about 21 miles (34 km) southwest of Glasgow. Kilwinning's neighbours are the coastal towns of Stevenston to the west and Irvine to the south, while inland lies Dalry to the north. It is known as "The Crossroads of Ayrshire". Kilwinning was also a Civil Parish. The 2001 Census recorded the town as having a population of 15,908.
According to the 2022 census, the population of Kilwinning is around 16,990.
Club Franciscain
Club Franciscain is a professional football club in Martinique, playing in the town of Le François. They play in the Martinique's first division, the Martinique Championnat National. Club Franciscain usually play their home games in front of dozens of spectators at the 5,000-capacity Stade Complexe Sportif de Trianon.

Outremer Champions Cup
The Outremer Champions Cup was a football cup tournament held annually between 1997 and 2007 and contested by four teams from overseas departments and territories of France, including winners of the Coupe T.O.M., Coupe D.O.M., and Océan Indien Cup. Before 2004, it was called simply Coupe D.O.M.-T.O.M. (Outremer means "overseas".)

The tournament was always played in France. In 2008, it was decided to replace this competition with a similar one played by national teams called Coupe de l'Outre-Mer.
2013 Motegi GT 250km
The 2013 Motegi GT 250km was the final round of the 2013 Super GT season, the 8th points scoring race for GT500 cars and the 9th for GT300 cars. It took place on November 3, 2013 at Twin Ring Motegi in Motegi, Tochigi, Japan.

2013 Super GT Series
The 2013 Autobacs Super GT Series was the twenty-first season of the Japan Automobile Federation Super GT Championship including the All Japan Grand Touring Car Championship (JGTC) era, and the ninth season under the name Super GT. It marked the thirty-first season overall of a Japanese professional sportscar championship dating back to the All Japan Sports Prototype Championship. It was the final year of the GT500 regulations introduced in 2010 as the 2014 season would see unified technical regulations with the Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters. The season began on April 7 and ended on November 17, 2013 after 8 regular races and 1 non championship event.

Apart the series' 8 points-scoring races, the 3 Hours of Fuji, a part of 2013 Asian Le Mans Series organized by Automobile Club de l'Ouest, also counted for points towards the GT300 class.
Defence batteries, Royal Artillery
The Defence Batteries were units of the Royal Artillery created for beach defence during World War II when the United Kingdom was threatened with invasion after the Dunkirk evacuation. Once they had served their purpose they were disbanded or converted into units of field artillery.

173rd Field Regiment, Royal Artillery
The 173rd Field Regiment was a unit of Britain's Royal Artillery (RA) during World War II. Originally formed to man beach defence batteries, it was later converted to field artillery. It served in Home Forces and supplied trained gunners to the fighting fronts, but saw no active service. It was disbanded after the war.
Violin Sonatas (Grieg)
Norwegian composer Edvard Grieg wrote three violin sonatas. They are all examples of his musical nationalism, since they all contain references or similarities to Norwegian folk song. Grieg wrote the sonatas between 1865 and 1887.

Violin Sonata No. 1 in F major, Op. 8 was written in Copenhagen in 1865.

Violin Sonata No. 2 in G major, Op. 13 was written in Oslo (then Christiania) in 1867.

Violin Sonata No. 3 in C minor, Op. 45 was completed while Grieg was living in Troldhaugen in 1887.

C minor
C minor is a minor scale based on C, consisting of the pitches C, D, E♭, F, G, A♭, and B♭. Its key signature consists of three flats. Its relative major is E♭ major and its parallel major is C major.

The C natural minor scale is:

Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary. The C harmonic minor and melodic minor scales are: