hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
HMS Aldborough
HMS Aldborough is the name of several Royal Navy vessels:

HMS Aldborough (1691), a ketch launched 1691, accidentally blown up 1696

HMS Aldborough (1706), a sixth rate launched 1706, broken up 1727

HMS Aldborough (1727), a sixth rate launched in 1727, broken up 1742

HMS Aldborough (1743), a sixth rate launched 1743, sold 1749

HMS Aldborough (1756), a sixth rate launched 1756, broken up 1777

HMS Aldborough, a Hunt-class minesweeper renamed HMS Leamington

HMS Aldborough (1706)
HMS Aldborough was a 24-gun sixth-rate ship of the Royal Navy, purchased in 1706 and in service in Mediterranean and English waters until 1727 when she was rebuilt as a 374 ton (builder's measure) sixth rate in accordance with the 1719 Establishment for Sixth Rates. After the rebuild she spent her career in the West Indies, Home Waters and the Mediterranean. She was finally broken at Deptford on 31 March 1742.

Aldborough was the second named vessel since it was used for a 10=gun ketch. launched by Johnson of Aldeburgh on 6 May 1691 and accidentally blown up on 17 August 1698.
Bosque (programming language)
Bosque is a free and open-source programming language designed and developed by Microsoft that was inspired by the syntax and data types of TypeScript and the semantics of ML and Node/JavaScript. Design goals for the language include better software quality and improved developer productivity.

ML (programming language)
ML (Meta Language) is the metalanguage developed for the Edinburgh LCF theorem prover in the 1970s. It is an early statically typed, functional language with polymorphic type inference in the Hindley–Milner style, and other features like exceptions and mutable variables. ML's design in LCF directly inspired the later ML family (notably Standard ML, Caml, and their derivatives) and influenced subsequent functional language development.
Osinsky District
Osinsky District is the name of several administrative and municipal districts in Russia:

Osinsky District, Irkutsk Oblast, an administrative and municipal district of Irkutsk Oblast

Osinsky District, Perm Krai, an administrative and municipal district of Perm Krai

Perm Krai
Perm Krai (Russian: Пе́рмский край, romanized: Permskiy kray, IPA: [ˈpʲɛrmskʲɪj ˈkraj]; Komi-Permyak: Перем ладор, romanized: Perem lador) is a federal subject of Russia (a krai), located in Eastern Europe. Its administrative center is Perm. The population of the krai was 2,532,405 (2021 Census).

The krai was formed on 1 December 2005 as a result of the 2004 referendum on the merger of Perm Oblast and Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug. Komi-Permyak Okrug retained its autonomous status within Perm Krai during the transitional period of 2006–2008. It also retained a budget separate from that of the krai, keeping all federal transfers. Starting in 2009, Komi-Permyak Okrug's budget became subject to the budgeting law of Perm Krai. The transitional period was implemented in part because Komi-Permyak Okrug relied heavily on federal subsidies, and an abrupt cut would have been detrimental to its economy.

The final period of the Paleozoic era, the Permian, is named after the Perm region.
2011 Louisiana House of Representatives election
The 2011 Louisiana House of Representatives election was held on October 22, 2011, with runoff elections held on November 19, 2011. All 105 seats in the Louisiana House of Representatives were up for election to four-year terms. It was held concurrently with elections for all statewide offices and the Louisiana State Senate.

Louisiana House of Representatives
The Louisiana House of Representatives (French: Chambre des Représentants de Louisiane; Spanish: Cámara de Representantes de Luisiana) is the lower house in the Louisiana State Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Louisiana. This chamber is composed of 105 representatives, each of whom represents approximately 42,500 people (2000 figures). Members serve four-year terms with a term limit of three terms (twelve years). The House is one of the five state legislative lower houses that has a four-year term, as opposed to the near-universal two-year term.

The House convenes at the State Capitol in Baton Rouge.
State Correctional Institution – Laurel Highlands
State Correctional Institution – Laurel Highlands is a minimum-security facility in Somerset Township, Pennsylvania, about 70 miles (110 km) southeast of Pittsburgh. The prison houses minimum-security inmates, particularly geriatric and mentally ill males. In December of 2025, Pine Grove held 1,474 inmates against a public capacity of 1,653 individuals, or 89.2%.

Somerset Township, Somerset County, Pennsylvania
Somerset Township is a township in Somerset County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 12,165 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Johnstown, Pennsylvania, Metropolitan Statistical Area and encompasses the census-designated place (CDP) of Friedens.
Rudolf Perhinek
Rudolf Perhinek (pseudonym Rade Perišin; or čiča Rade 23 June 1906 – 5 August 1982) was Yugoslav military officer with the rank of Captain in the Royal Yugoslav Army who, soon after the Axis invasion of Yugoslavia, joined Chetniks of Draža Mihailović. He was a member of the Supreme Command of Mihailović's Chetniks and received the rank of Major. Perhinek, also referred as Mihailović's right hand, organized Chetniks in Montenegro at the end of 1941. In period October 1941 — September 1943 he was a special envoy of Mihailovic's Chetnik staff for Montenegro who was also responsible for the intelligence service in Montenegro and Albania. Some sources describe him as an agent of Gestapo.: 186  For some time he was the Chief of Staff of Chetnik forces under command of Vojislav Lukačević. Perhinek was an ethnic Slovene. Yugoslav Government in Exile awarded him with Order of the Star of Karađorđe.

Slovenes
The Slovenes, also known as Slovenians (Slovene: Slovenci [slɔˈʋéːntsi]), are a South Slavic ethnic group native to Slovenia and adjacent regions in Italy, Austria and Hungary. Slovenes share a common ancestry, culture, and history, and speak Slovene as their native language.

Outside of Slovenia and Europe, Slovenes form diaspora groups in the United States, Canada, Argentina and Australia.
Iveta Voralová
Iveta Voralová (born 7 August 1970) is a former figure skater who represented Czechoslovakia. She won a bronze medal at the 1986 Karl Schäfer Memorial, placed ninth at the 1987 European Championships, and competed at the 1988 Winter Olympics, finishing in 20th place.

1987 European Figure Skating Championships
The 1987 European Figure Skating Championships was a senior-level international competition held in Sarajevo, Yugoslavia (present-day Bosnia and Herzegovina) on February 3–8, 1987. Elite skaters from European ISU member nations competed in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing.
2025 PBA Philippine Cup
The 2025 PBA Philippine Cup, was the third and final conference of the 2024–25 PBA season of the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA). The 49th PBA Philippine Cup started on April 4 and ended on July 25, 2025. The tournament did not allow teams to hire foreign players or imports.

The 2025 PBA All-Star Weekend was supposed to be held from May 2 to 4 in Metro Davao, but was cancelled. The playoffs began on June 18 with the finals between the San Miguel Beermen and the TNT Tropang 5G starting on July 13.

The Meralco Bolts entered this conference as the defending Philippine Cup champions while TNT attempted to accomplish a Grand Slam by winning the conference championship.

Metro Davao
Metro Davao, officially Metropolitan Davao (Cebuano: Kaulohang Dabaw; Filipino: Kalakhang Davao), is a metropolitan area in Mindanao, Philippines. It includes the cities of Davao, Digos, Panabo, Samal and Tagum and spans parts of all five provinces of the Davao Region. Metro Davao is one of three metropolitan areas in the Philippines. It is administered by the Metropolitan Davao Development Authority. It is the largest metropolitan region by land area and the second most populous in the Philippines.
Adria Tour
The Adria Tour was an exhibition tennis tour held in June 2020 in Belgrade, Serbia and Zadar, Croatia. It was organized by the world No. 1 ranked player Novak Djokovic during the ATP Tour's shutdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

The event fell under heavy criticism due to its lack of social distancing procedures, and allowing a full crowd, unlike the simultaneous Ultimate Tennis Showdown. A planned Montenegrin leg was cancelled due to COVID-19 concerns. During the Croatian leg, Grigor Dimitrov, one of the marquee players, announced that he had tested positive for the virus, leading to the event being abandoned. Borna Ćorić, Dimitrov's last opponent, tested positive the next day. Viktor Troicki and Djokovic himself tested positive over the next two days.

Banja Luka
Banja Luka (Serbian Cyrillic: Бања Лука, pronounced [bǎɲa lǔːka] ⓘ) or Banjaluka (Serbian Cyrillic: Бањалука, pronounced [baɲalǔːka]) is the second largest city in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the most populous in Republika Srpska. It is Republika Srpska‘s main economic, political, and administrative center. Banja Luka is the traditional centre of the densely forested Bosanska Krajina region of northwestern Bosnia & Herzegovina. According to the 2013 census, the city proper has a population of 138,963, while its administrative area comprises a total of 185,042 inhabitants.

The city is home to the University of Banja Luka and the University Clinical Center of the Republika Srpska, as well as numerous entities and state institutions for the Republika Srpska and Bosnia and Herzegovina, respectively. The city is located on the Vrbas river. Banja Luka was designated a European city of Sport in 2018.
The Holdovers (soundtrack)
The Holdovers (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) is the soundtrack to the 2023 film of the same name directed by Alexander Payne. Featuring musical score composed by Mark Orton, the soundtrack featured 24 tracks—seven of them being from Orton's score and the remainder being songs from prominent artists Damien Jurado, Labi Siffre, Andy Williams and bands and vocal groups such as The Chambers Brothers, Shocking Blue, The Allman Brothers Band, Artie Shaw and His Orchestra, The Swingles, The Temptations, Tony Orlando and Dawn amongst several others. The soundtrack was released digitally by Back Lot Music on November 10, 2023, coinciding with the film's nationwide release, and physically the following week.

Andy Williams
Howard Andrew Williams (December 3, 1927 – September 25, 2012) was an American singer. He recorded 43 albums in his career, of which 15 have been gold certified and three platinum certified. He was also nominated for six Grammy Awards. He hosted the Andy Williams Show, a television variety show, from 1962 to 1971, along with numerous TV specials. The Andy Williams Show won three Emmy Awards. He sold more than 45 million records worldwide, including more than 10 million certified units in the United States.

Williams was active in the music industry for over 70 years until his death in September 2012 from bladder cancer, at the age of 84.
Nicolò Zanon
Nicolò Zanon (Italian pronunciation: [nikoˈlɔ ddzaˈnon]; born 27 March 1961) is an Italian judge and law professor. He has been Judge of the Constitutional Court of Italy from 11 November 2014 to 11 November 2023. Previously he was a law professor at the University of Milan.

Constitutional Court of Italy
The Constitutional Court of the Italian Republic (Italian: Corte costituzionale della Repubblica Italiana) is the highest court of Italy in matters of constitutional law. Sometimes, the name Consulta is used as a metonym for it, because its sessions are held in Palazzo della Consulta in Rome.
Józef Niemojewski
Józef Niemojewski (of Rola coat of arms) (born July 4, 1769, in Śrem – died July 16, 1839, in Rokitnica) was a brigadier general of the Duchy of Warsaw, major general of the Polish insurrectionist forces in Wielkopolska during the Greater Poland Uprising (1794) and the Kościuszko Uprising, brigadier general in the Grande Armée of Napoleon Bonaparte and elected starosta of Śrem eldership.

Kościuszko Uprising
The Kościuszko Uprising, also known as the Polish Uprising of 1794, Second Polish War, Polish Campaign of 1794, and the Polish Revolution of 1794, was an uprising against the Russian and Prussian influence on the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, led by Tadeusz Kościuszko in Poland–Lithuania and the Prussian partition in 1794. It was an attempt to liberate the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth from external influence after the Second Partition of Poland (1793) and the creation of the Targowica Confederation. Despite some local successes of the insurgency, it was ultimately suppressed by Russian general Alexander Suvorov, who was promoted to field marshal in the aftermath of the Battle of Praga; the massacre that followed the battle was evidence of the ruthlessness of war.
Gerace
Gerace (Italian pronunciation: [dʒeˈraːtʃe]; Greek: Γερακιον, romanized: Gerakion, also known as Hierax) is a town and comune in the Metropolitan City of Reggio Calabria, Calabria, southern Italy.
Gerace is located some 10 kilometres (6 mi) inland from Locri, yet the latter town and the sea can be seen from Gerace's perch atop a 500-metre (1,600 ft) vertical rock.  The town stands on a hill formed of conglomerates of sea fossils from 60 million years ago. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").

Metropolitan City of Reggio Calabria
Metropolitan City of Reggio Calabria (Italian: città metropolitana di Reggio Calabria) is an area of local government at the level of metropolitan city in the Calabria region of Italy. It comprises the territory of the city of Reggio Calabria and 97 other comuni (sg.: comune) in the hinterland of the city. It has 511,935 inhabitants as of 2025. It replaced the province of Reggio Calabria in 2017.

Comprising the "toe" of the boot-shaped Italian Peninsula, the Aspromonte massif dominates the western part of the metropolitan city's territory: with its long coastline, it is a popular tourist destination during the summer.
Gabriel Bertrand
Gabriel Bertrand (born 17 May 1867 in Paris, died 20 June 1962 in Paris) was a French pharmacologist, biochemist and bacteriologist.

Bertrand introduced into biochemistry both the term “oxidase” and the concept of trace elements.

The laccase, a polyphenol oxidase and an enzyme oxidating urishiol and laccol obtained from the lacquer tree, was first studied by Gabriel Bertrand in 1894.

Bertrand's rule refers to the fact that the dose–response curve for many micronutrients is non-monotonic, having an initial stage of increasing benefits with increased intake, followed by increasing costs as excesses become toxic. In 2005, Raubenheimer et al. fed excess carbohydrates to Spodoptera littoralis and extended Bertrand's rule to macronutrients.

In 1894, with Césaire Phisalix, he developed an antivenom for use against snake bites.

Bertrand was made a member of the Académie Nationale de Médecine in 1931. In 1932 he became foreign member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.

Oxidase
In biochemistry, an oxidase is an oxidoreductase (any enzyme that catalyzes a redox reaction) that uses dioxygen (O2) as the electron acceptor. In reactions involving donation of a hydrogen atom, oxygen is reduced to water (H2O) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Some oxidation reactions, such as those involving monoamine oxidase or xanthine oxidase, typically do not involve free molecular oxygen.

The oxidases are a subclass of the oxidoreductases. The use of dioxygen is the only unifying feature; in the EC classification, these enzymes are scattered in many categories.
Burnup
In nuclear power technology, burnup is a measure of how much energy is extracted from a given amount of nuclear fuel. It may be measured as the fraction of fuel atoms that underwent fission in %FIMA (fissions per initial heavy metal atom) or %FIFA (fissions per initial fissile atom) as well as the actual energy released per mass of initial fuel in gigawatt-days/metric ton of heavy metal (GWd/tHM), or similar units.  The amount of initial fuel in the denominator is defined as all uranium, plutonium, and thorium isotopes, not including alloying or other chemical compounds or mixtures in the fuel charge.

Fissile material
In nuclear engineering, fissile material is material that can undergo nuclear fission when struck by a neutron of low energy. A self-sustaining thermal chain reaction can only be achieved with fissile material. The predominant neutron energy in a system may be typified by either slow neutrons (i.e., a thermal system) or fast neutrons. Fissile material can be used to fuel thermal-neutron reactors, fast-neutron reactors and nuclear explosives.
Glossary of pickleball
This glossary provides definitions and context for terminology related to, and jargon specific to, the sport of pickleball. Words or phrases in italics can be found on the list in their respective alphabetic sections.

Joel Pritchard
Joel McFee Pritchard (May 5, 1925 – October 9, 1997) was an American businessman and politician who served in the U.S. House of Representatives and as the 14th Lieutenant Governor of Washington as a member of the Republican Party, and is the most recent Republican to have held that office as of 2024.

Pritchard, known as the Father of Pickleball, invented the sport, along with two friends, in 1965. He was inducted into the Pickleball Hall of Fame in 2017.
James Bevan Trophy
The James Bevan Trophy is a rugby union trophy which was created in 2007, and named after James Bevan, the Welsh Australian who was the first ever captain of the Wales rugby union team in 1881. The trophy was established after a decision on 10 May 2007 by the Welsh and Australian rugby unions to celebrate the 100 years of test rugby between the two sides. Australia are the current holders.

The Trophy was commissioned by International Business Wales (IBW), the economic arm of the Welsh assembly government.

Welsh Rugby Union
The Welsh Rugby Union (WRU; Welsh: Undeb Rygbi Cymru) is the governing body of rugby union in the country of Wales, recognised by the sport's international governing body, World Rugby.

The WRU is responsible for the running of rugby in Wales, overseeing 320 member clubs, the Welsh national team and National Leagues and Cups. The WRU is headed by the President (Terry Cobner), chairman (Richard Collier-Keywood) and CEO (Abi Tierney).
Collin Wilcox (actress)
Collin Randall Wilcox (February 4, 1935 – October 14, 2009) was an American film, stage and television actress. Over her career, she was also credited as Collin Wilcox-Horne or Collin Wilcox-Paxton.  Wilcox may be best known for her role in To Kill a Mockingbird (1962), in which she played Mayella Violet Ewell, whose father falsely claimed she had been raped by a black man, which sparks the trial at the center of the film.

Highlands, North Carolina
Highlands is an incorporated town in Macon County in the U.S. state of North Carolina. Located on a plateau in the southern Appalachian Mountains, within the Nantahala National Forest, it lies mostly in southeastern Macon County and slightly in southwestern Jackson County, in the Highlands and Cashiers Townships, respectively. The permanent population was 1,014 at the 2020 census.
Filip Manojlović
Filip Manojlović (Serbian Cyrillic: Филип Манојловић, pronounced [fǐlip manǒːjloʋitɕ]; born 25 April 1996) is a Serbian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Swedish club Djurgårdens IF.

Getafe CF
Getafe Club de Fútbol S.A.D. (Spanish pronunciation: [xeˈtafe ˈkluβ ðe ˈfuðβol]) is a Spanish professional football club based in Getafe, a city in the Community of Madrid. They compete in La Liga, the top tier of the Spanish football. The team has played its home matches in the 16,500-capacity Estadio Coliseum since 1998.

Founded in 1983, the club was promoted to La Liga for the first time in 2004, and participated in the top level of Spanish football for twelve years between 2004 and 2016, and again since 2017. The club maintain rivalries with neighbours Leganés, who are based near the town of Getafe, Atlético Madrid and Real Madrid.
Cholesterol embolism
Cholesterol embolism occurs when cholesterol is released, usually from an atherosclerotic plaque, and travels as an embolus in the bloodstream to lodge (as an embolism) causing an obstruction in blood vessels further away. Most commonly this causes skin symptoms (usually livedo reticularis), gangrene of the extremities and sometimes kidney failure; problems with other organs may arise, depending on the site at which the cholesterol crystals enter the bloodstream. When the kidneys are involved, the disease is referred to as atheroembolic renal disease. The diagnosis usually involves biopsy (removing a tissue sample) from an affected organ. Cholesterol embolism is treated by removing the cause and giving supportive therapy; statin drugs have been found to improve the prognosis.

Cholesterol crystal
A cholesterol crystal is a solid, crystalline form of cholesterol found in gallstones and atherosclerosis. Gallstones occurring in industrialized societies typically contain more than 70-90% cholesterol by weight, much of which is crystalline. Cholesterol crystals are a hallmark of atherosclerosis, which is believed to be an early cause of atherosclerotic inflammation. Cholesterol phase transition from liquid to crystalline form is linked to inflammation. Cholesterol crystals are believed to induce inflammation by activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome.

In addition to being a source of inflammation, cholesterol crystals are believed to cause mechanical injury by tearing tissue, causing plaque rupture.
Impaired removal of cholesterol crystals from demyelinated nerves by macrophages is believed to be associated with multiple sclerosis, and this remyelination failure is particularly impaired in the elderly.
Kakanj Power Station
Kakanj Thermal Power Plant is one of Bosnia and Herzegovina's largest coal-fired power plant having an installed electric capacity of 450 MW and producing around 2.3 billion Kwh of electricity per year.  The power plant is operated by Elektroprivreda Bosne i Hercegovine.
The chimney of Kakanj Power Plant is 300 metres tall and is one of the tallest man-made objects built in former Yugoslavia.

Elektroprivreda Bosne i Hercegovine
Elektroprivreda BiH or JP Elektroprivreda Bosne i Hercegovine d.d. (English: Public Enterprise Electric Utility of Bosnia and Herzegovina; abbr. EPBiH) is a Bosnian public electric utility company with headquarters in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Toya, Mali
Toya is a commune in the Cercle of Yélimané in the Kayes Region of south-western Mali. The administrative centre (chef-lieu) is the small town of Yaguine. In 2009 the commune had a population of 12,922.

Kayes Region
Kayes Region (Bambara: ߞߊߦߌ ߘߌߣߋߖߊ tr. Kayi Dineja, Arabic: منطقة كايس, romanized: minṭaqa Kāyas) is one of ten first level national subdivisions in Mali called Regions. It is the first administrative area of Mali and covers an area of 120,760 square kilometres or 46,630 square miles. Its capital is the town of Kayes. The province was historically part of the Ghana Empire and the Mali Empire.