hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
L-galactonolactone oxidase
In enzymology, L-galactonolactone oxidase (EC 1.3.3.12) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

The two substrates of this enzyme are L-galactono-1,4-lactone and oxygen. Its products are L-ascorbic acid and hydrogen peroxide.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-CH group of donors with oxygen as acceptor.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is L-galactono-1,4-lactone:oxygen 3-oxidoreductase. This enzyme is also called L-galactono-1,4-lactone oxidase.  This enzyme participates in ascorbic acid and aldaric acid metabolism. It employs one cofactor, FAD.

Oxidoreductase
In biochemistry, an oxidoreductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from one molecule, the reductant, also called the electron donor, to another, the oxidant, also called the electron acceptor. This group of enzymes usually utilizes NADP+ or NAD+ as cofactors. Transmembrane oxidoreductases create electron transport chains in bacteria, chloroplasts and mitochondria, including respiratory complexes I, II and III. Some others can associate with biological membranes as peripheral membrane proteins or be anchored to the membranes through a single transmembrane helix.
High Speed Packet Access
High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) is an amalgamation of two mobile protocols—High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) and High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA)—that extends and improves the performance of existing 3G mobile telecommunication networks using the WCDMA protocols. A further-improved 3GPP standard called Evolved High Speed Packet Access (also known as HSPA+) was released late in 2008, with subsequent worldwide adoption beginning in 2010. The newer standard allows bit rates to reach as high as 337 Mbit/s in the downlink and 34 Mbit/s in the uplink; however, these speeds are rarely achieved in practice.

Bit rate
In telecommunications and computing, bit rate (bitrate or as a variable R) is the number of bits that are conveyed or processed per unit of time.

The bit rate is expressed in the unit bit per second (symbol: bit/s), often in conjunction with an SI prefix such as kilo (1 kbit/s = 1,000 bit/s), mega (1 Mbit/s = 1,000 kbit/s), giga (1 Gbit/s = 1,000 Mbit/s) or tera (1 Tbit/s = 1,000 Gbit/s). The non-standard abbreviation bps is often used to replace the standard symbol bit/s, so that, for example, 1 Mbps is used to mean one million bits per second.

In most computing and digital communication environments, one byte per second (symbol: B/s) corresponds to 8 bit/s (1 byte = 8 bits).  However if stop bits, start bits, and parity bits need to be factored in, a higher number of bits per second will be required to achieve a throughput of the same number of bytes.
Belsize Fire Station
Belsize Fire Station is a former fire station that is now used for private housing. Built between 1912 and 1915, it is a Grade II* listed building, and is situated in the London Borough of Camden. It is located at the junction between Eton Avenue and Lancaster Grove.

Fire station
A fire station (also called a fire house, fire hall, firemen's hall, or engine house) is a structure or other area for storing firefighting apparatuses such as fire engines and related vehicles, personal protective equipment, fire hoses and other specialized equipment. Fire stations frequently contain working and living space for the firefighters and support staff.

In large U.S. cities, fire stations are often named for the primary fire companies and apparatus housed there, such as "Ladder 49". Other fire stations are named based on the settlement, neighborhood or street where they are located, or given a number.
Marquesa de Varela
Maria Julia, Marquesa de Varela (née Marin) is a Uruguayan media executive specialising in celebrity interviews. She was nicknamed "The Nutty Marquesa" by The New York Times for her court case with Michael Douglas and Catherine Zeta-Jones.

De Varela, who was born in Montevideo and gained her title after marrying Spanish aristocrat the Marques Enrique de Varela, has three children: Valeria de Montenegro (a former model), Natalia de Montenegro (an interior designer), and Bruno Varela (who is married to TV presenter Hannah Sandling). She is a self-made millionaire, with a house in London and an apartment in New York City. She and Spanish owner of ¡Hola! Eduardo Sanchez Junco own the Hello! print media brand internationally.

¡Hola!
¡Hola! is a weekly Spanish-language magazine specializing in celebrity news, published in Madrid, Spain, and in 15 other countries, with local editions in Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Greece, Indonesia, Mexico, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Thailand, United Kingdom, United States and Venezuela. It is the second most popular magazine in Spain after Pronto. The title means "Hello!" in English and it is the parent magazine of the British magazine Hello!, Hello! Canada and Hola! USA.
Special Marriage (Amendment) Bill, 2022
The Special Marriage (Amendment) Bill, 2022 is a Bill of the Parliament of India which seeks to legalise same-sex marriage in India by amending the Special Marriage Act, 1954. It was filed in the Lok Sabha on 2 April 2022 by MP Supriya Sule as a Private member's bill. The proposal would amend various sections of the Act to provide same-sex couples with the same legal rights as opposite-sex couples. The bill would fix the marriageable age at 21 for male couples and at 18 for lesbian couples.

Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha
A Member of Parliament in the Lok Sabha (abbreviated: MP) is the representative of a legislative constituency in the Lok Sabha; the lower house of the Parliament of India. Members of parliament of Lok Sabha are chosen by direct elections on the basis of the adult suffrage. The maximum permitted strength of members of parliament in the Lok Sabha is 550. This includes the maximum 530 members to represent the constituencies and states and up to 20 members to represent the union territories (both chosen by direct elections). Between 1952 and January 25, 2020, two seats were reserved for members of the Anglo-Indian community. The current elected strength of the Lok Sabha is 543. The party—or coalition of parties—having a majority in the Lok Sabha chooses the Prime Minister of India.

All Members of Lok Sabha rank 21st in the Order of Precedence of India.
London Universities Mooting Shield
The London Universities Mooting Shield, mostly known as LUMS, is an annual mooting league competition featuring teams of undergraduate students from University Law Faculties across London. The competition is run  'by students, for students' , and a strong emphasis is placed on personal development and networking, making LUMS noticeably different from other mooting competitions. As a domestic mooting competition, LUMS is concerned only with the Law of England and Wales, with moot problems being derived from the core topics studied by students on every LLB programme in that jurisdiction.

The competition is sponsored by law firm Allen & Overy, barristers' chambers 3 Verulam Buildings, 5 Stone Buildings, and Field Court Chambers. The LUMS Grand Final, between the two teams that come top of the competition league, is held in March each year at Allen & Overy's London office, with a senior representative from each of the sponsors sitting on the judging panel.

Law firm
A law firm is a business entity formed by one or more lawyers to engage in the practice of law. The primary service rendered by a law firm is to advise clients (individuals or corporations) about their legal rights and responsibilities, and to represent clients in civil or criminal cases, business transactions, and other matters in which legal advice and other assistance are sought.
London Victory Parade of 1814
The London Victory Parade of 1814 was a British victory parade held after the defeat of Napoleon in the Napoleonic Wars and his exile to Elba. The parade took place on 20 June 1814 at Hyde Park in London.

Over 15,000 troops attended the parade, most of them British. Other groups in attendance included Cossacks and other small continental contingents.

Elba
Elba (Italian: isola d'Elba, pronounced [ˈiːzola ˈdelba]; Latin: Ilva) is a Mediterranean island in Tuscany, Italy, 10 km (6.2 mi) from the coastal town of Piombino on the Italian mainland, and the largest island of the Tuscan Archipelago. It is also part of the Arcipelago Toscano National Park, and the third largest island in Italy, after Sicily and Sardinia. It is located in the Tyrrhenian Sea about 50 km (30 mi) east of the French island of Corsica.

The island is part of the province of Livorno and is divided into seven municipalities, with a total population of about 30,000 inhabitants which increases considerably during the summer. The municipalities are Portoferraio (which is also the island's principal town), Campo nell'Elba, Capoliveri, Marciana, Marciana Marina, Porto Azzurro, and Rio.

It is famous for being the site of Napoleon's first exile, from 1814 to 1815.
Enrico Bandini
Enrico Bandini (September 13, 1807 – February 27, 1888) was an Italian painter, active in Parma, Italy.

He trained in his native Parma, at the city's Academy of Fine Arts under Giovanni Tebaldi. He painted both portraits and sacred subjects. He painted a Supper at Emmaus for the church of Sala Baganza. He died in Parma.

Sala Baganza
Sala Baganza (Parmigiano: Säla) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Parma in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) northwest of Bologna and about 12 kilometres (7 mi) southwest of Parma.

Sala Baganza borders the following municipalities: Calestano, Collecchio, Felino, Fornovo di Taro, Parma, Terenzo.

Some 5 km from town, on the road to Collecchio, is the Pieve di Talignano, a small 12th-century church in Romanesque style. Other sights include:

Rocca Sanvitale: Former castle/palace of the Sanvitale family, used later by the Duchal rulers of Parma as a hunting lodge and country palace

Casino dei Boschi, a large 18th-century countryside residence that, among the others, was used by Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma

Castello di San Vitale Baganza - in a hamlet south of Sala Baganza

San Vitale: 10th century church near the Castello di San Vitale mentioned above

Santi Stefano e Lorenzo: Church built 1582-1586, also by the Sanvitale.
Canadian Society of Forensic Science
The Canadian Society of Forensic Science (CSFS; French: La Société Canadienne des Sciences Judiciaires) is a professional association aimed at maintaining professional standards and promoting and enhancing the study and stature of forensic science. Membership in the society is open internationally to professionals with an active interest in the forensic sciences.

Professional association
A professional association (also called  a professional body, professional organization, or professional society) is a group that usually seeks to further a particular profession, the interests of individuals and organisations engaged in that profession, and the public interest. In the United States, such an association is typically a nonprofit business league for tax purposes. In the UK, they may take a variety of legal forms.
1953 Dunedin mayoral election
The 1953 Dunedin mayoral election was part of the New Zealand local elections held that same year. In 1953, elections were held for the Mayor of Dunedin plus other local government positions including twelve city councillors. The polling was conducted using the standard first-past-the-post electoral method.

Mayor of Dunedin
The mayor of Dunedin is the head of the local government, the city council of Dunedin, New Zealand. The mayor's role is "to provide leadership to the other elected members of the territorial authority, be a leader in the community and perform civic duties". The mayor is directly elected, using the single transferable vote (STV) system from 2007. The current mayor is Sophie Barker who was elected in 2025.

The mayor has always been elected at large, with the inaugural election in 1865. Up until 1915, the term of mayor was for one year only. From 1915 to 1935, the term was two years. Since the 1935 mayoral election, the term has been three years. The role of deputy mayor was established in 1917.
The city council translates the office and title of mayor as Te Koromatua o Ōtepoti.

The mayoralty is subject to election every three years, the next vote being the 2025 Dunedin mayoral election.
1990 Local Council of the Russian Orthodox Church
The 1990 Local Council of the Russian Orthodox Church was a convocation of the Russian Orthodox Local Council. It took place from 7–8 June 1990 at the Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius. It was the fifth Local Council in the history of the Russian Orthodox Church in its second patriarchal period (since 1917)

The council elected the 15th Patriarch of Moscow and All Rus', Metropolitan Alexy of Leningrad and Novgorod (Ridiger) and canonized confessors, martyrs, and righteous men, including John of Kronstadt. Notable issues discussed by the council included relations with the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad, combating the rise of the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church in Western Ukraine, and relations with the state.

Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius
The Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius (Russian: Троице-Сергиева лавра) is a lavra and the most important Russian monastery, being the spiritual centre of the Russian Orthodox Church. The monastery is situated in the town of Sergiyev Posad, about 70 kilometres (43 mi) to the northeast from Moscow by the road leading to Yaroslavl, and currently is home to over 300 monks.
Foundation (United States law)
A foundation in the United States is a type of charitable organization. Though, the Internal Revenue Code distinguishes between private foundations (usually funded by an individual, family, or corporation) and public charities (community foundations and other nonprofit groups that raise money from the general public). Private foundations have more restrictions and fewer tax benefits than public charities like community foundations.

Private foundation
A private foundation is a tax-exempt organization that does not rely on broad public support and generally claims to serve humanitarian purposes.

Unlike a charitable foundation, a private foundation does not generally solicit funds from the public or have the legal requirements and reporting responsibilities of a registered non-profit or charitable foundation. Not all foundations engage in philanthropy; some private foundations are used for estate planning purposes.
Selby Almshouses
Selby Almshouses are a historic building in Selby, a town in North Yorkshire, in England.

The building, comprising ten houses in three ranges around a courtyard, was constructed to house poor widows or elderly people.  They were designed and funded by James Audus and were completed in 1833.  The building was grade II listed in 1980, and is now run by the Audus charity.

The almshouses are built of brown brick with hipped slate roofs. They have two storeys, three bays on the east side, and four on the west and south sides. The windows are casements with channelled voussoirs. In the middle of the south range is a low tower with an embattled parapet and crocketed corner pinnacles. It contains an entrance with a pointed head, a moulded surround, a crocketed ogee head, and an elaborate finial. Above the entrance is an inscribed and dated plaque.

Molding (decorative)
Molding (spelled moulding and alternatively called coving in British and Australian English), is a strip of material with various profiles used to cover transitions between surfaces or for decoration. It is traditionally made from solid milled wood or plaster, but may be of plastic or reformed wood.  In classical architecture and sculpture, the molding is often carved in marble or other stones.  In historic architecture, and some expensive modern buildings, it may be formed in place with plaster.

A "plain" molding has right-angled upper and lower edges. A "sprung" molding has upper and lower edges that bevel towards its rear,  allowing mounting between two non-parallel planes (such as a wall and a ceiling), with an open space behind. Moldings may be decorated with paterae as long, uninterrupted elements may be boring for eyes.
United States Air Force Scientific Advisory Board
The Department of the Air Force Scientific Advisory Board (SAB) is a Federal Advisory Committee that provides independent advice on matters of science and technology relating to the United States Air Force (USAF) and United States Space Force (USSF) missions, reporting to the Secretary of the Air Force. In the past, it has provided advice on technologies such as supersonic aircraft, weather forecasting, satellite communications, medical research, crewless airplanes, and defenses against aircraft and missiles. Today, the SAB performs in-depth reviews of the Air Force Research Laboratory's science and technology research and performs studies on topics tasked by the Secretary and Chief of Staff. Members are appointed by the Secretary of Defense.

Federal Advisory Committee Act
The Federal Advisory Committee Act (FACA) (Pub. L. 92–463, 86 Stat. 770, enacted October 6, 1972), is a United States federal law which governs the behavior of federal advisory committees. In particular, it has special emphasis on open meetings, chartering, public involvement, and reporting.

The U.S. General Services Administration (GSA) oversees the process.
Aichi Kōgen Quasi-National Park
Aichi-Kōgen Quasi-National Park (愛知高原国定公園, Aichi-Kōgen Kokutei Kōen) is a 21,705-hectare (53,630-acre) quasi-national park in the Tōkai region of Honshū in Japan. It is rated a protected landscape (category III) according to the IUCN. As with neighboring Hida-Kisogawa Quasi-National Park and Tenryū-Okumikawa Quasi-National Park the park includes mountainous landscapes with gorges and dense forests. The part is on the border between Shizuoka and Aichi Prefecture, but is entirely within Aichi. It also includes a portion of the Tōkai Nature Trail. It encompasses the area around Yahagi Dam and the Kourankei scenic areas. The area was designated a quasi-national park on December 28, 1970.

Like all Quasi-National Parks in Japan, the park is managed by the local prefectural governments.

Yahagi Dam
Yahagi Dam (Japanese: 矢作ダム, Hepburn: Yahagi Damu) is a dam near the city of Toyota in the Aichi Prefecture of Japan.

During the construction of the dam, the two villages of Asahi and Kushihara were flooded. 177 villagers were displaced.
Frances Freeborn Pauley
Frances Freeborn Pauley (September 11, 1905 – February 16, 2003) was a southern civil rights activist in Georgia, who battled against racial injustice and discrimination throughout her life. Due to her actions in the civil rights movement, she led to the eventual desegregation and integration of African Americans in the south.

DeKalb County, Georgia
DeKalb County (/dəˈkæb/ də-KAB, /diːˈ-/ dee-) is located in the north central portion of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 764,382, making it Georgia's fourth-most populous county. Its county seat is Decatur.

DeKalb County is a core county of the Atlanta metropolitan area. It contains roughly 10% of the city of Atlanta (the other 90% lies in Fulton County). Stonecrest is the largest city that is entirely within the county. DeKalb is primarily a suburban county.

In recent years, some communities in North DeKalb have incorporated, following a trend in other suburban areas around Metro Atlanta. Stonecrest, Dunwoody and Brookhaven are now the largest cities that are entirely contained within the county.
2015 Norwegian local elections
Local elections were held in Norway on 14 September 2015. Voters elected representatives to municipal and county councils, which are responsible for education, public transport, health, and elderly care, and for the levy of certain taxes. The Labour Party became the largest party, gaining 33% of the vote, while the nationally governing Conservative and Progress parties suffered losses relative to their performances in the 2013 parliamentary and 2011 local elections.

Term of office was 1 January 2016 until 31 December 2019.

The results meant that the Conservatives were set to lose control of Norway's two most populous cities, Oslo and Bergen.

In Tromsø the Red Party garnered a record 14.4% of the votes. They formed a majority along with the Labour Party and the Socialist Left Party, and chose to phase out the local parliamentary system.

Subnational parliamentary system in Norway
The parliamentary system is a part of the Constitution of Norway (§ 15), regarding the national level of administration and how the political executive branch should be formed. From the 1980s it has been used on the subnational levels as well; on the local (in municipalities) as well as regional level (in county municipalities).
Asher Baer
Asher Baer (Hebrew: אשר בער; early 19th century, Seiny – 1897, Jerusalem) was a Russian Jewish mathematician and engraver.

He made many important discoveries in mathematics and especially in mechanics. He discovered a method by which the same force causes two different movements of two equal cog-wheels to dovetail with each other. His engravings were awarded a prize at the Königsberg Exhibition of 1858. The German press of that time devoted many articles to Baer's valuable inventions, and Ossip Rabbinovich and O. Wohl in the Russo-Jewish periodicals Razsvyet and Ha-Karmel spoke highly of his talent. In the later part of the 1860s Baer went to Jerusalem, whence he wrote correspondence for many years for Ha-Maggid and other Hebrew periodicals.

Mechanics
Mechanics (from Ancient Greek  μηχανική (mēkhanikḗ) 'of machines') is the area of physics concerned with the relationships between force, matter, and motion among physical objects. Forces applied to objects may result in displacements, which are changes of an object's position relative to its environment.

Theoretical expositions of this branch of physics have their origins in Ancient Greece, for instance, in the writings of Aristotle and Archimedes (see History of classical mechanics and Timeline of classical mechanics). During the early modern period, scientists such as Galileo Galilei, Johannes Kepler, Christiaan Huygens, and Isaac Newton laid the foundation for what is now known as classical mechanics.

In the 20th century the concepts of classical mechanics were challenged by new discoveries, leading to fundamentally new approaches including relativistic mechanics and quantum mechanics.
Ranko Stojić
Ranko Stojić (Serbian Cyrillic: Ранко Стојић; born 18 January 1959) is a Serbian former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He earned 14 caps for Yugoslavia in the mid 1980s. Following his playing career, Stojić started working as a players' agent.

Sports agent
A sports agent is a legal representative for professional athletes and coaches who negotiates employment and endorsement contracts on their behalf. Sports agents may also assist with financial planning, legal coordination, and marketing matters, often working alongside lawyers, accountants, and brand managers.