hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Simeon (abbot)
Simeon (died 21 November 1093) was a relative of King William I of England and the brother of Walkelin, Bishop of Winchester. It was through his brother's influence that Simeon was made prior of Winchester, then in 1082 Abbot of Ely, where he began work on the present Ely Cathedral. He recovered for the monastery of Ely the lands which had been allotted to the Normans during their siege of the island of Ely when it was held by Hereward the Wake.

Serlo died in 1093, at the age of 100. On his death the temporalities of the monastery were seized by Ralph Flambard, the minister of William Rufus, and no abbot was appointed until the accession of Henry I in 1100.

Hereward the Wake
Hereward the Wake (Old English pronunciation /ˈhɛ.rɛ.ward/ HEH-reh-ward, modern English pronunciation /ˈhɛ.rɪ.wəd// HEH-ri-wəd; c. 1035 – c. 1072) (also known as Hereward the Outlaw or Hereward the Exile) was an Anglo-Saxon nobleman and a leader of local resistance to the Norman Conquest of England. His base when he led the rebellion against the Norman rulers was the Isle of Ely, in eastern England. According to legend, he roamed the Fens, which covers parts of the modern counties of Cambridgeshire, Lincolnshire and Norfolk, and led popular opposition to William the Conqueror.
Ontario Pathways Rail Trail
Ontario Pathways Rail Trail is a hiking and cycling trail located in Ontario County, New York. The total trail mileage is 23 with pathways branching in two directions. The trail connects Canandaigua, Stanley, and Phelps. In addition to the main hiking and cycling trails, Ontario Pathways includes four loop trails.

The two main pathways of the trail were built over a pair of former Pennsylvania Railroad lines. The trail was severed in June 2010 when an incident involving a piece of agricultural machinery took out a railroad bridge over routes 5 & 20; this was later replaced in 2013 with a simple arched pedestrian bridge.

Ontario County, New York
Ontario County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 112,458. The county seat is Canandaigua. The county is part of the Finger Lakes region of the state.

Ontario County is part of the Rochester, New York metropolitan area.

In 2006, Progressive Farmer rated Ontario County as the "Best Place to Live" in the U.S., for its "great schools, low crime, excellent health care" and its proximity to Rochester.
Counterattack (newsletter)
Counterattack was a weekly subscription-based newsletter published from 1947 to 1955, with an emphasis on anti-communist content and organizing boycotts or other actions against those who were accused of communist associations or sympathies. The mimeographed newsletter was published by American Business Consultants, a "private, independent organization" started by three former agents of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Counterattack went into decline after a series of lawsuits by people who were named in the publication.

China lobby in the United States
In American politics, the China lobby (Chinese: 中國遊說團) consisted of advocacy groups calling for American support for the Republic of China during the period from the 1930s until US recognition of the People's Republic of China in 1979, and then calling for closer ties with the PRC thereafter.

After 1945, the term "China lobby" was used most often to refer to groups favoring the Republic of China (ROC) on Taiwan in opposition to Mao Zedong's communist government in Beijing. They opposed the 1972 Nixon visit to mainland China, and the American recognition of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1979. The small Chinese American community largely shared a similar pro-ROC perspective.  Since that time, the support for mainland China has greatly strengthened.
Stephanie Marshall
Stephanie Marshall is a Canadian operatic mezzo-soprano.

Marshall was educated at the Schulich School of Music of McGill University, Montreal, and at the Royal Academy of Music in London, where she was awarded the Queen's Commendation for Excellence.

Marshall is a company principal at the English National Opera in London and made her Royal Opera debut in 2013 as "Gwendolen Fairfax" in The Importance of Being Earnest. She has sung in concert with orchestras including The Hallé, English Chamber Orchestra, Britten Sinfonia and the BBC Symphony Orchestra. Marshal is also a winner of the Kathleen Ferrier Award.

Schulich School of Music
The Schulich School of Music (also known as Schulich) is one of the constituent faculties of McGill University in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is located at 555, Rue Sherbrooke Ouest (555, Sherbrooke Street West). The faculty was named after the benefactor Seymour Schulich.

McGill University's Schulich School of Music runs 50 different programs in research and performance and holds 700 concerts annually. Over 35% of the student body is international. At least 13 Grammy Award winners have been affiliated with the Schulich School of Music, including George Massenburg, Estelí Gomez, Serban Ghenea, Steven Epstein, Jennifer Gasoi, Brian Losch, Chilly Gonzales, Win Butler, Jason O'Connell, Nick Squire, Leonard Cohen, Richard King, Régine Chassagne, and Burt Bacharach.
EDIM technology
Epitope Detection in Monocytes (EDIM) is a technology that uses the innate immune system's mechanisms to detect biomarkers or antigens in immune cells. It is a non-invasive form of liquid biopsy, i.e. biopsy from blood, which analyzes activated macrophages (CD14+/CD16+) for disease-specific epitopes, such as tumor cell components.

Macrophages are part of the human immune system. They are involved in the detection, phagocytosis and destruction of organisms which are deemed harmful.

In case of cancerous tumors, macrophages ingest tumor cells and dissolve them with the help of enzymes, storing tumor proteins intracellularly, even when little tumor mass is present. With the help of EDIM technologie, activated macrophages containing intracellular tumor epitopes can be detected using CD14 and CD16 specific antibodies.

CD16
CD16, also known as FcγRIII, is a cluster of differentiation molecule found on the surface of natural killer cells, neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and certain T cells. CD16 has been identified as Fc receptors FcγRIIIa (CD16a) and FcγRIIIb (CD16b), which participate in signal transduction. The most well-researched membrane receptor implicated in triggering lysis by NK cells, CD16 is a molecule of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) involved in antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). It can be used to isolate populations of specific immune cells through fluorescent-activated cell sorting (FACS) or magnetic-activated cell sorting, using antibodies directed towards CD16.
Messier 13
Messier 13, or M13 (also designated NGC 6205 and sometimes called the Great Globular Cluster in Hercules, the Hercules Globular Cluster, or the Great Hercules Cluster), is a globular cluster of several hundred thousand stars in the constellation of Hercules.

St Anne's Church, Kew
St Anne's Church, Kew is a parish church located in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames (historically in Surrey), adjacent to the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

The neo-classical building, which dates from 1714 and is Grade II* listed, forms the central focus of Kew Green.

Its raised churchyard, which is on three sides of the church, has two Grade II* listed monuments – the tombs of the artists Thomas Gainsborough (1727–1788) and Johan Zoffany (1733–1810). French Impressionist Camille Pissarro (1830–1903), a frequent visitor to England, was resident at 10 Kew Green when painting St Anne's as Church at Kew (1892).
Import–export (logic)
In propositional logic, import-export is a name given to the propositional form of Exportation:

.

This already holds in minimal logic, and thus also in classical logic, where the conditional operator "" is taken as material implication.
In the Curry-Howard correspondence for intuitionistic logics, it can be realized through currying and uncurrying.

Curry–Howard correspondence
In programming language theory and proof theory, the Curry–Howard correspondence is a direct relationship between computer programs and mathematical proofs. It is also known as the Curry–Howard isomorphism or equivalence, or the proofs-as-programs and propositions- or formulae-as-types interpretation.

It is a generalization of a syntactic analogy between systems of formal logic and computational calculi that was first discovered by the American mathematician Haskell Curry and the logician William Alvin Howard. It is the link between logic and computation that is usually attributed to Curry and Howard, although the idea is related to the operational interpretation of intuitionistic logic given in various formulations by L. E. J. Brouwer, Arend Heyting and Andrey Kolmogorov (see Brouwer–Heyting–Kolmogorov interpretation) and Stephen Kleene (see Realizability). The relationship has been extended to include category theory as the three-way Curry–Howard–Lambek correspondence.
Structural ritualization theory
Structural ritualization theory (SRT), a concept related to the fields of sociology and social psychology, emphasizes embedded groups. These are groups located in a larger environment. The taken-for-granted practices of people in these groups are similar to patterns of behavior in the larger environment. When routinely performed, their actions acquire symbolic significance. They become part of a cognitive script that dictates behavior. The members of embedded groups do not just copy the practices. They express them in ways that may confirm patterns of behavior in the larger environment. In other words, the larger environment feeds the embedded group.

Social psychology
Social psychology is the methodical study of how thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others. Although studying many of the same substantive topics as its counterpart in the field of sociology, psychological social psychology places more emphasis on the individual, rather than society; the influence of social structure and culture on individual outcomes, such as personality, behavior, and one's position in social hierarchies. Social psychologists typically explain human behavior as a result of the relationship between mental states and social situations, studying the social conditions under which thoughts, feelings, and behaviors occur, and how these variables influence social interactions.
Bombing of Gorky in World War II
The bombing of Gorky by the German Luftwaffe was the most destructive attack on Soviet war production on the Eastern Front of World War II. It lasted intermittently from October 1941 to June 1943, with 43 raids carried out.

The main target was the Gorky Automobile Plant (GAZ), which was manufacturing T-60 light infantry tanks. Defences proved inadequate, though a full-size dummy model of the main factory, and a ‘false village’ of painted images on the ground, caused some confusion to enemy pilots. The whole plant was eventually destroyed, and an inquiry immediately demanded by Stalin. The plant was reconstructed in four months.

Gorky is the name of Nizhny Novgorod in 1932–1990, a city located deep in European Russia.

GAZ
GAZ (Gorkovsky avtomobilny zavod, Russian: ГАЗ, Го́рьковский автомоби́льный заво́д, lit. 'Gorky Automobile Plant') is a Russian automotive manufacturer located in Nizhny Novgorod, formerly known as Gorky (Горький) (1932–1990). It is the core subsidiary of GAZ Group Holding, which is itself part of Basic Element industrial group. JSC Russian Machines is the controlling shareholder in OAO GAZ.
Antin Holovaty
Antin Holovaty (Ukrainian: Антiн Андрійович Головатий) or Anton Golovaty (Russian: Антон Андреевич Головатый); between 1732 and 1744 – 28 January 1797 was a prominent Zaporozhian Cossack leader who after the Zaporozhian Sich's destruction was a key figure in the formation of the Black Sea Cossack Host and their later resettlement to the Kuban Region of Russia.

Bandura
A bandura (Ukrainian: бандура [bɐnˈdurɐ] ⓘ) is a Ukrainian plucked-string folk-instrument. It combines elements of the zither and lute and, up until the 1940s, was also often called a kobza. Early instruments (c. 1700) had 5 to 12 strings and resembled lutes. In the 20th century, the number of strings increased initially to 31 strings (1926), then to 56 strings – 68 strings on modern "concert" instruments (1954).

Musicians who play the bandura are referred to as bandurists. In the 19th and early 20th centuries traditional bandura players, often blind, were called kobzars. It is suggested that the instrument developed as a hybrid of gusli (Eastern-European psaltery) and kobza (Eastern-European lute). Some also consider the kobza as a type or an instrument resembling the bandura. The term bandura occurs in Polish chronicles from 1441. The hybridization, however, occurred in the late-18th or early-19th centuries.
Billings Mill Brook
Billings Mill Brook (also known as Mill Brook or Billings Mill Creek) is a tributary of Tunkhannock Creek in Wyoming County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately 3.5 miles (5.6 km) long and flows through Lemon Township and Tunkhannock Township. The watershed of the stream has an area of 12.7 square miles (33 km2). The stream has one named tributary, which is known as Kern Glen Creek. The surficial geology in the vicinity of Billings Mill Brook mainly consists of Wisconsinan Till, alluvium, and several others. A lake known as Lake Carey is in the stream's watershed. A number of bridges have also been constructed over Billings Mill Brook. The stream's watershed is designated as a Coldwater Fishery and a Migratory Fishery.

Wyoming County, Pennsylvania
Wyoming County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 26,069. Its county seat is Tunkhannock. It was created in 1842 from part of Luzerne County. The county is part of the Northeast Pennsylvania region of the state.

Wyoming County is included in the Scranton—Wilkes-Barre—Hazleton, PA Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Cyril Colnik
Cyril Colnik  (20 September 1871 – 25 October 1958) was a metalsmith originally from Austria sometimes called "The Tiffany of wrought iron".. He emigrated to the United States to attend the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago, where he won a gold medal for his entry to the exposition.

He settled in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, opening a workshop there in 1894. He was a pacifist, which led him to close his business instead of making armaments for World War I. Colnik spent the remainder of his career working in and around Milwaukee, retiring in 1955 and dying in 1958.

Grille (architecture)
A grille or grill (French word from Latin craticula, small grill) is an opening of several slits side-by-side in a wall, metal sheet or another barrier, usually to allow air or water to enter and/or leave and prevent larger objects (such as animals) from going in or out.

A similar definition is "a French term for an enclosure in either iron or bronze."
Delores Robinson
Delores Marie Robinson is an American geologist and tectonicist who is a professor and department chair at the University of Alabama. Her research considers how orogenic systems evolve from porto-magmatic arcs, with a particular focus on Western Nepal, India, Bhutan and Southern Tibet.

Tectonics (journal)
Tectonics is a peer-reviewed scientific journal of geology focusing on tectonics. It is published by the American Geophysical Union in collaboration with the European Geosciences Union.

The journal is edited by John Geissman (University of Texas at Dallas), Laurent Jolivet (Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris), Nathan Niemi (University of Michigan) and Taylor Schildgen (University of Potsdam).
Rubén López (gymnast)
Rubén López Martínez (born 28 November 1990) is a Spanish gymnast. He competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics.  He also competed at five World Championships (2011, 2014, 2015, 2017 and 2018).

He began gymnastic training at the age of seven, training at the Granollers Club.  He was interested in the sport due to watching the performances of Li Xiaopeng at the 2000 Summer Olympics.

2011 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships
The 2011 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships were held in Tokyo, Japan, from October 7–16, 2011, at the Tokyo Metropolitan Gymnasium. 
Due to uncertainty over the nuclear situation following the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, the International Federation of Gymnastics revealed it was considering moving the event, but on May 22 FIG president Bruno Grandi announced that the World Championships would take place in Tokyo as planned.
Prashantha De Silva
Air Vice Marshal Prishantha De Silva, USP, psc, SLAF is the former Director Inspection and Safety, and also former director of Aeronautical Engineering Sri Lanka Air Force.

He was educated at Nalanda College Colombo and joined the Sri Lanka Air Force an officer cadet.

He is a Fellow of the Institution of Engineers, Sri Lanka and is a member of the Royal Aeronautical Society.

Royal Aeronautical Society
The Royal Aeronautical Society, also known as the RAeS, is a British multi-disciplinary professional institution dedicated to the global aerospace community. Founded in 1866, it is the oldest aeronautical society in the world. Members, Fellows, and Companions of the society can use the post-nominal letters MRAeS, FRAeS, or CRAeS, respectively.
Simon Wilson (cyclist)
Simon Wilson (born 1 August 1980) is a British track and road racing cyclist, who last rode for UCI Continental team Ribble Weldtite. Wilson won a bronze medal in the team pursuit at the 2011 British National Track Championships and 2018 British National Track Championships.

2018 British National Track Championships
The 2018 British National Track Championships were a series of track cycling competitions held from 26–28 January 2018 at the Manchester Velodrome. They are organised and sanctioned by British Cycling, and were open to British cyclists. The championships were sponsored by HSBC.
Personal robot
A personal robot is one whose human interface and design make it useful for individuals. This is by contrast to industrial robots which are generally configured and operated by robotics specialists. A personal robot is one that enables an individual to automate the repetitive or menial part of home or work life making them more productive.

Similar to the way that the transition from mainframe computers to the personal computers revolutionized personal productivity, the transition from industrial robotics to personal robotics is changing productivity in home and work settings.

Turning a robot like ASIMO or Atlas into a universally applicable personal robot or artificial servant is mainly a 
programming task. As of today vast improvements in motion planning, computer vision (esp. scene recognition), natural language processing, and automated reasoning are indispensable to make this a possibility.

ASIMO
ASIMO (Advanced Step in Innovative Mobility) is a humanoid robot created by Honda in 2000.

In 2002, 20 units of the first ASIMO model were produced; three different ASIMO models subsequently followed. As of February 2009, there were over 100 ASIMO units in existence.

In July of 2018, Honda stated that it would be ceasing all development and production of ASIMO robots in order to focus on more practical applications using the technology developed through ASIMO's lifespan. It made its last active appearance in March 2022, as Honda announced the retirement of ASIMO to concentrate on remote-controlled, avatar-style robotic technology.
Bristows
Bristows is a full-service commercial, law firm, particularly known for its technology and intellectual property work.

In January 2008, the firm relocated from Lincoln's Inn Fields to new city offices on the first two floors of 100 Victoria Embankment, London (also known as Unilever House). In May 2018, the firm opened its first international office in Brussels.

Victoria Embankment
Victoria Embankment is part of the Thames Embankment (the other sections are the Albert and Chelsea Embankments).  It is partly a road and river-walk along the north bank of the River Thames in London, England. Built in the 1860s, it runs from the Palace of Westminster to Blackfriars Bridge in the City of London, and acts as a major thoroughfare for road traffic between the City of Westminster and the City of London.  Of more pressing importance when built, it contains the low-level Northern Outfall Sewer, a strategic conduit which conveys away sewage instead of dumping it in the Thames.  It also contains part of the District Line underground railway.

It is noted for several memorials, such as the Battle of Britain Monument, permanently berthed retired vessels, such as HMS President, and public gardens, including Victoria Embankment Gardens.
Dedni Vrh, Krško
Dedni Vrh (pronounced [ˈdeːdni ˈʋəɾx]; German: Dedenberg) is a small dispersed settlement in the hills east of Raka in the Municipality of Krško in eastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Lower Sava Statistical Region.

Dispersed settlement
A dispersed settlement, also known as a scattered settlement, is one of the main types of settlement patterns used by landscape historians to classify rural settlements found in England and other parts of the world.  Typically, there are a number of separate farmsteads scattered throughout the area. A dispersed settlement contrasts with a nucleated village.

The French term bocage is sometimes used to describe the type of landscape found where dispersed settlements are common.

In addition to Western Europe, dispersed patterns of settlement are found in parts of Papua New Guinea, as among the Gainj, Ankave, and Baining tribes. It is also frequently met with in nomadic pastoral societies.
In Ghana, Kumbyili in the northern region is also an example of a dispersed settlement
Chichat
Chichat is a reservoir located in the Inderta woreda of the Tigray Region in Ethiopia. The 482-metres long earthen dam that holds the reservoir was built in 1985 by the Relief and Rehabilitation Commission.

The catchment of the reservoir is 28.89 km² large, with a perimeter of 27.8 km and a length of 6740 metres. The reservoir suffers from rapid siltation. The lithology of the catchment is Agula Shale. As soon as the water table starts lowering after the end of the rainy season, the surrounding farmers implement recession agriculture on the exposed sediment. Part of the water that could be used for irrigation is lost through seepage; the positive side-effect is that this contributes to groundwater recharge.

Relief and Rehabilitation Commission
The Relief and Rehabilitation Commission (RRC) is an Ethiopian government agency that was set up in Addis Ababa in the aftermath of the 1973 drought. It played a central role in bringing the 1984 - 1985 famine in Ethiopia to the public's attention, and helped to distribute international aid to the areas in need of help. The Commission continued to function during the Transitional Government of Ethiopia.

It was renamed in August 1995 as the Commission for Disaster Prevention and Preparedness.