hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sham Kakade
Sham Machandranath Kakade is an American computer scientist. He is a Gordon McKay Professor in Computer Science at Harvard University, with a joint appointment in the Department of Statistics. He co-founded the Algorithmic Foundations of Data Science Institute.

Kakade's research includes work on Reinforcement Learning, Tensor-Algebraic methods, and Convex optimization.

Kakade earned a bachelor's degree from Caltech and a PhD from the Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit at University College London. He has also served as a Principal Researcher at Microsoft Research, an assistant professor at the Toyota Technological Institute at Chicago and Wharton, and a professor at the University of Washington.

Convex optimization
Convex optimization is a subfield of mathematical optimization that studies the problem of minimizing convex functions over convex sets (or, equivalently, maximizing concave functions over convex sets).  Many classes of convex optimization problems admit polynomial-time algorithms, whereas mathematical optimization is in general NP-hard.
Standing Committee on Home Affairs
The Parliamentary Standing Committee on Home Affairs (SCOHA) is a department related standing committee (DRSC) of selected members of parliament, constituted by the Parliament of India, for the purpose of legislative oversight of the domestic policy, internal security and decision making of the Ministry of Home Affairs. It is one of the 24 DRSCs that have been mandated with the onerous task of ministry specific oversight.

The committee currently is headed by MP Radha Mohan Das Agarwal.

Domestic policy
Domestic policy, also known as internal policy, is a type of public policy overseeing administrative decisions that are directly related to all issues and activity within a state's borders. Sometimes also called social policy, it differs from foreign policy, which refers to the ways a government advances its interests in external politics. Domestic policy covers a wide range of areas, including business, education, energy, healthcare, law enforcement, money and taxes, natural resources, social welfare, and personal rights and freedoms.
Town Hall railway station, Sydney
Town Hall railway station is a heritage-listed underground suburban rail station located in the centre of the Sydney central business district in New South Wales, Australia. The station opened on 28 February 1932. It is named after the Sydney Town Hall, located directly above the station.

Lane Cove Tunnel
The Lane Cove Tunnel is a 3.6-kilometre (2.2 mi) twin-tunnel tollway in Sydney, Australia that is part of the Sydney Orbital Network. Owned by Transurban, It connects the M2 Motorway at North Ryde with the Gore Hill Freeway at Artarmon and forms part of Sydney's M2 route, with the M2 Hills Motorway constituting the rest of the M2 route.
Destination Earth
For the European Commission project, see Destination Earth (European Union)

Destination Earth is a 1956 promotional cartoon created by John Sutherland and funded by the American Petroleum Institute. The short explains the fundamentals of the petroleum industry and how petroleum products enrich everyday life in the United States, as well as the benefits of a free market economy.

American Petroleum Institute
The American Petroleum Institute (API) is the largest U.S. trade association for the oil and natural gas industry. It claims to represent nearly 600 corporations involved in production, refinement, distribution, and many other aspects of the petroleum industry. It has advanced climate change denial and blocking of climate legislation to defend the interests of its constituent organizations.

The association describes its mission as "to promote safety across the industry globally and influence public policy in support of a strong, viable U.S. oil and natural gas industry". API's chief functions on behalf of the industry include advocacy, negotiation and lobbying with governmental, legal, and regulatory agencies; research into economic, toxicological, and environmental effects; establishment and certification of industry standards; and education outreach. API both funds and conducts research related to many aspects of the petroleum industry.
Krasiatychi
Krasiatychi (Ukrainian: Красятичі, Russian: Красятичи), also spelled Krasyatychi, is a rural settlement in Vyshhorod Raion, Kyiv Oblast (province) of Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Poliske settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Its population is 648 (2022 estimate).

Vyshhorod Raion
Vyshhorod Raion (Ukrainian: Вишгородський район) is a raion (district) in Kyiv Oblast, Ukraine. Its administrative center is the city of Vyshhorod. It has a population of 132,136 (2022 estimate).

On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Kyiv Oblast was reduced to seven, and the area of Vyshhorod Raion was significantly expanded. Two abolished raions, Ivankiv and Poliske Raions, as well as the cities of Slavutych and Vyshhorod, which were previously incorporated as cities of oblast significance and did not belong to the raion, were merged into Vyshhorod Raion. The January 2020 estimate of the raion population was 76,347 (2020 est.).
Tasty Bite
Tasty Bite is an Indian-American preserved food manufacturer, producing ready-to-eat Indian and pan-Asian food products. The products require no refrigeration.

Tasty Bite was founded in 1996. Its products are available in every state in the U.S. and are sold in most American grocery chains. In August 2017, a majority of the owner company of Tasty Bite was acquired by Mars, Incorporated.

Mars Inc.
Mars, Incorporated (doing business as Mars Inc.) is an American multinational manufacturer of confectionery, pet food, and other food products and a provider of animal care services founded on June 23, 1911. Mars is headquartered in McLean, Virginia, in the Washington metropolitan area, and is entirely owned by the Mars family. The company had US$45 billion in annual sales in 2022; that year Forbes ranked the company as the fourth-largest privately held company in the United States.

Mars operates in four subsidiaries around the world: Snacking (headquartered in Chicago, Illinois, with U.S. headquarters in Hackettstown and Newark, New Jersey), Petcare (Zaventem, Belgium; Poncitlán, Jalisco, Mexico; Querétaro, Mexico), Food (Rancho Dominguez, California) and Mars Edge (Germantown, Maryland), the company's life sciences division.
Samuel Woolley
Samuel Woolley is an American media studies scholar and expert on computational propaganda and misinformation. Woolley was a founder of the Computational Propaganda Research Project at the University of Oxford in 2013, and the Institute for the Future's Digital Intelligence Lab. As of 2025, he is an associate professor at the University of Pittsburgh in their Department of Communication, and holds the University's William S. Dietrich II Endowed Chair In Disinformation Studies.

Woolley's books include The Reality Game: How the Next Wave of Technology Will Break the Truth (2020) and Manufacturing Consensus: Understanding Propaganda in the Era of Automation and Anonymity (2023).

William S. Dietrich II
William S. Dietrich II (May 13, 1938 – October 6, 2011) was a successful industrialist who took over and expanded Dietrich Industries, a steel framing manufacturer which he eventually sold to Worthington Industries.  Late in life, he made two of the largest charitable contributions in higher education history, to the University of Pittsburgh and Carnegie Mellon University.
Calomnion complanatum
Calomnion complanatum is a species of moss native to Australia (New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania) and New Zealand. It is the type species of the genus Calomnion, growing on the trunks of tree ferns. It is a small, yellow-green plant rarely more than 10 mm tall.

Within New South Wales, Calomnion complanatum is an endangered species reported from only 4 populations: Cambewarra Mountain, Rocky Creek Canyon on the Newnes Plateau, and two sites on Mount Wilson (Zircon Creek and Waterfall Reserve). It is listed as endangered in Victoria but rare and not endangered in Tasmania and 'Not Threatened' in New Zealand.

Mount Wilson, New South Wales
Mount Wilson is a village in the Blue Mountains region of New South Wales, Australia. The village is about 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) east of the township of Bell, and about 100 kilometres (62 mi) west of the Sydney CBD. At the 2021 census, the village of Mount Wilson had a population of 81 people. Mount Wilson is known for its multiple large ornate gardens, walks and access to nature, and popularity as a base for canyoning.
FactorDaily
FactorDaily is an Indian digital media publication founded in 2016 by Pankaj Mishra and Jayadevan PK. Mishra was formerly an Editor at TechCrunch and the Economic Times. The digital publication was launched with an intent to produce stories on the impact of technology on life in India.

TechCrunch
TechCrunch is an American global online newspaper focusing on topics regarding high-tech and startup companies. It was founded in June 2005 by Archimedes Ventures, led by partners Michael Arrington and Keith Teare. In 2010, AOL acquired the company for approximately $25 million. Following the 2015 acquisition of AOL and Yahoo! by Verizon, the site was owned by Verizon Media from 2015 through 2021.

In 2021, Verizon sold its media assets, including AOL, Yahoo!, and TechCrunch, to the private equity firm Apollo Global Management. Apollo integrated them into a new entity called Yahoo! Inc. In addition to its news reporting, TechCrunch is also known for its annual Disrupt conference, a technology event hosted in several cities across the United States, Europe, and China.
Samuel A. McElwee
Samuel A. McElwee (1857-1914) was an African-American lawyer and politician in the United States. He was born enslaved in 1857 in Haywood County, Tennessee. His parents were Robert and Georgianna McElwee. He became a lawyer and the most influential Republican Party leader in Haywood County following the Reconstruction era. He served in the Tennessee General Assembly from 1883 to 1888. He was the first African American to serve three terms in legislature and also the first one to be nominated as the Speaker of the House.

Tennessee General Assembly
The Tennessee General Assembly (TNGA) is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Tennessee. It is a part-time bicameral legislature consisting of a Senate and a House of Representatives. The Speaker of the Senate carries the additional title and office of Lieutenant Governor of Tennessee. In addition to passing a budget for state government plus other legislation, the General Assembly appoints three state officers specified by the state constitution. It is also the initiating body in any process to amend the state's constitution.
Sombrero Playhouse
The Sombrero Playhouse was a regional theatre in Phoenix, Arizona. It was built in March 1949, the first legitimate professional theater in Phoenix, though the city did have a long tradition of Little Theater. Major Broadway and Hollywood stars of the time performed on stage at the Sombrero, including Katharine Cornell, Helen Hayes, Kirk Douglas, Milton Berle, Billie Burke, Burgess Meredith, Walter Pidgeon, Tom Drake, Vincent Price, and Mary Astor. Despite its limited capacity, it was one of the most widely-known regional theaters in the Western United States during the 1950s and early 1960s. It presented recent Broadway hits (sometimes while they were still playing there), revivals, and on several occasions original productions that then went on national tour.

After 20 seasons of presenting plays, the Sombrero "went dark" after the 1968 season, became an art film house in 1976, before being sold and demolished in 1982.

Regional theater in the United States
A regional theater or resident theater in the United States is a professional or semi-professional theater company that produces its own seasons. The term regional theater most often refers to a professional theater outside New York City. A regional theater may or may not be for profit or unionized.  The term "playhouse" is often used to specifically denote this type of theater.
Boris Goudenow
Boris Goudenow is a German-language opera composed in 1710 by Johann Mattheson. The plot concerns intrigues among tsars Feodor I and Boris Godunov and tsarina Irina Godunova, and a cast of Russian, Danish and Swedish nobles. It was never performed during Mattheson's life – possibly due to concerns about Hamburg's relations with Russia. The manuscript, taken to the Soviet Union at the end of World War II, was discovered in Armenia. The opera was finally premiered in 2005 in concert in Hamburg, then a scenic premiere in Boston under Stephen Stubbs. It was given the first European scenic performance at the Innsbruck Festival of Early Music by Concerto Theresia under Andrea Marchiol in 2021. A recording of this performance was issued by cpo.

Boris Godunov
Boris Feodorovich Godunov (/ˈɡɒdənɒf, ˈɡʊdənɒf/; Russian: Борис Фёдорович Годунов, pronounced [bɐˈrʲis ˈfʲɵdərəvʲɪdʑ ɡədʊˈnof]; 12 August [O.S. 2 August] 1552  – 23 April [O.S. 13 April] 1605) was the de facto regent of Russia from 1585 to 1598 and then tsar from 1598 to 1605 following the death of Feodor I, the last of the Rurik dynasty. After the end of Feodor's reign, Russia descended into the Time of Troubles.
Crop residue
Crop residues are waste materials generated by agriculture. The two types are:

Field residues are materials left in an agricultural field or orchard after the crop has been harvested. These residues include stalks and stubble (stems), leaves and seed pods. Good management of field residues can increase efficiency of irrigation and control of erosion. The residue can be ploughed directly into the ground, or burned first. In contrast, no-till, strip-till or reduced-till agriculture practices are carried out to maximize crop residue cover.

Process residues are materials left after the crop is processed into a usable resource. These residues include husks, seeds, bagasse, molasses  and roots. They can be used as animal fodder and soil amendment, fertilizers and in manufacturing.

Root
In vascular plants, the roots are the organs of a plant that are modified to provide anchorage for the plant and take in water and nutrients into the plant body, which allows plants to grow taller and faster. They are most often below the surface of the soil, but roots can also be aerial or aerating, that is, growing up above the ground or especially above water.
Vârșolț
Vârșolț (Hungarian: Varsolc) is a commune located in Sălaj County, Crișana, Romania. It is composed of three villages: Recea (Krasznarécse), Recea Mică (Kisrécsepuszta) and Vârșolț.

At the 2002 census, 64.1% of inhabitants were Hungarians, 32.4% Romanians and 3.4% Roma. 58.6% were Reformed, 33.5% Romanian Orthodox, 3.5% Baptist and 1.9% Roman Catholic.

Convention of the Hungarian Baptist Churches of Romania
The Convention of the Hungarian Baptist Churches of Romania (Hungarian: Romániai Magyar Baptista Gyülekezetek Szövetsége; Romanian: Convenţia Bisericilor Creştine Baptiste Maghiare) is a Baptist Christian association of Hungarian churches in Romania within the larger Baptist Union of Romania, united for promoting cooperative ministry. The convention operates as a "sister" denomination to the Baptist Union of Romania and is a member of the European Baptist Federation and the Baptist World Alliance.
Prahm
Prahm is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Jean Prahm (born 1978), American bobsledder

Louis Prahm (1912–2003), Danish field hockey player

Peter Prahm (1908–2003), Danish field hockey player

Peter Prahm
Peter Thal Philipsen Prahm (27 July 1908 – 23 May 2003) was a Danish field hockey player who competed in the 1928 Summer Olympics. He was born in the Dutch East Indies and was the older brother of Louis Prahm.

In 1928 he was a member of the Danish team which was eliminated in the first round of the Olympic tournament after two wins and two losses.  He played all four matches as forward.
Salt Rush with Mark Peters
Salt Rush with Mark Peters is a debut collaborative album by composer Matthew Linley, vocalist Maud Waret and guitarist Mark Peters of Engineers. It is the first release by the collective and was released on Pedigree Cuts (part of Warner/Chappell Production Music) on 24 June 2016 as a digital download.

Engineers (band)
Engineers are a British shoegazing/dream pop band. The band was formed in London in 2003 by bassist/guitarist/keyboardist Mark Peters, singer/guitarist Simon Phipps, bassist/guitarist Dan MacBean (previously known as guitarist of The Shining), and drummer Andrew Sweeney. After the release of their second album Three Fact Fader in 2009, MacBean and Sweeney left the band, and were replaced by bassist/vocalist Daniel Land, drummer Matthew Linley, and keyboardist Ulrich Schnauss. Phipps and Land would later leave the band before the release of 2014's Always Returning. Engineers' sound has been described as "hazy, ethereal and atmospheric" and the band often cites the works of The Beach Boys, Brian Eno, Cocteau Twins, Spiritualized and Pink Floyd as influences.
Novoseledebny
Novoseledebny (Russian: Новоселедебный) is a rural locality (Russian: деревня, lit. 'village') in Kitayevsky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Medvensky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population:  8 (2010 Census); 20 (2002 Census);

Medvensky District
Medvensky District (Russian: Ме́двенский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-eight in Kursk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southern central part of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,090 square kilometers (420 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Medvenka. Population: 16,324 (2021 Census); 16,558 (2010 Census);  19,220 (2002 Census); 21,528 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Medvenka accounts for 27.6% of the district's total population.
Rosalía Peredo
Rosalía Peredo Aguilar (4 December 1951 – 20 June 2023) was a Mexican politician who served in the upper house of Congress. Although she was a member of the National Action Party (PAN), most of her political experience came from center and center-left political parties.

Senate of the Republic (Mexico)
The Senate of the Republic (Spanish: Senado de la República), constitutionally the Chamber of Senators of the Honorable Congress of the Union (Spanish: Cámara de Senadores del H. Congreso de la Unión), is the upper house of Mexico's bicameral Congress. It currently consists of 128 members, who serve six-year terms.
Wellington Naturist Club
41°05′34″S 175°08′03″E﻿ / ﻿41.09278°S 175.13417°E﻿ / -41.09278; 175.13417
The Wellington Naturist Club is a naturist resort located in Te Mārua, Upper Hutt, 38 kilometres (24 mi) northeast of Wellington in the North Island of New Zealand. Its 4.7 hectares (12 acres) of land hold facilities including a miniature golf course, volleyball court, picnic areas, spa and sauna, and extensive rhododendron gardens, with a large hall for a clubhouse. For accommodation, the resort has four lodges and over 150 campsites. The Club was founded in 1950, under the name "Wellington Sun and Health Society".

Rhododendron
Rhododendron (/ˌroʊdəˈdɛndrən/; pl.: rhododendra), from Ancient Greek ῥόδον (rhódon), meaning "rose", and δένδρον (déndron), meaning "tree", is a very large genus of about 1,024 species of woody plants in the heath family (Ericaceae). They can be either evergreen or deciduous. Most species are native to eastern Asia and the Himalayan region, but smaller numbers occur elsewhere in Asia, and in North America, Europe and Australia.

It is the national flower of Nepal, the state flower of Washington and West Virginia in the United States, the state flower of Nagaland and Himachal Pradesh in India, the provincial flower of Jeju Province in South Korea, the provincial flower of Jiangxi in China and the state tree of Sikkim and Uttarakhand in India. Most species have brightly coloured flowers which bloom from late winter through to early summer.

Azaleas make up two subgenera of Rhododendron. They are distinguished from "true" rhododendrons by having only five anthers per flower.
Fabio Santus
Fabio Santus (born Clusone, May 26, 1976) is an Italian cross country skier who has competed since 1995. His best World Cup finish was second in a 4 x 10 km event in Switzerland in 2007 while Santus's best individual finish was fifth in a 15 km + 15 km double pursuit event in Sweden in 2004.

Competing in two Winter Olympics, he earned his best finish of 16th in the 15 km + 15 km double pursuit event at Turin in 2006. Santus's best finish at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships was 19th in the 50 km event at Val di Fiemme in 2003.  He also won the 2010 American Birkebeiner setting a record time of 1:56:58.2.

American Birkebeiner
The American Birkebeiner, or Birkie, is the largest cross-country skiing race in North America. It debuted in 1973 and is a founding member of the Worldloppet federation of cross-country ski marathons. The Birkie's two premier events are the 50 km (31 mi) skate and the 55 km (34 mi) classic races between the towns of Cable and Hayward in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. Each year more than 10,000 skiers participate in the Birkie, including the full-distances races, a 29 km (18 mi) Kortelopet race, and a 15 km (9.3 mi) Prince Haakon race.
Smith, Bell and Company House
Smith, Bell and Company House (Filipino: Bahay-Kalakal ng Smith, Bell & Co.) or the Angela Manalang Gloria Ancestral House is a Spanish-era structure is in Tabaco, Albay, Philippines.  It one of the national cultural heritage of the country, and the biggest ancestral house in the city of Tabaco.

The structure made of stone bonded with mortar and molasses was initially hosted the offices of the Smith, Bell and Company, a trading firm involved in the abaca business which had a history dating back in 1868. In 1965, poet Angela Manalang-Gloria bought the building and made it her residence.

Tabaco
Tabaco, officially the City of Tabaco (Central Bikol: Syudad kan Tabaco; Filipino: Lungsod ng Tabaco), is a  component city in the province of Albay, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 140,779 people.
Technicolor Group
Technicolor Group S.A. (formerly Technicolor Creative Studios) was a French company that is involved in visual effects, motion graphics and animation services for the entertainment, media and advertising industries. Headquartered in Paris, France, it is a spin-off of the former Technicolor SA, which subsequently renamed itself as Vantiva.

The company used to operate the visual effects, motion graphics and animation units for films, episodic series and video games under their subsidiaries: the Moving Picture Company (MPC), The Mill, Mikros Animation, and Technicolor Games.

As of February 2025, it was reported that the UK branch of Technicolor had appointed administrators, and the French company had entered receivership. The company's assets began to be sold off shortly after.

Motion graphics
Motion graphics (sometimes mograph) are pieces of animation or digital footage that create the illusion of motion or rotation, and are usually combined with audio for use in multimedia projects. Motion graphics are usually displayed via electronic media technology, but may also be displayed via manual powered technology (e.g. thaumatrope, phenakistoscope, stroboscope, zoetrope, praxinoscope, flip book). The term distinguishes static graphics from those with a transforming appearance over time, without over-specifying the form. While any form of experimental or abstract animation can be called motion graphics, the term typically more explicitly refers to the commercial application of animation and effects to video, film, TV, and interactive applications.