hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Christoph Friedrich von Stälin
Christoph Friedrich von Stälin (4 August 1805, in Calw – 12 August 1873, in Stuttgart) was a German librarian and historian. He was the father of archivist Paul Friedrich von Stälin (1840–1909).

From 1821 to 1825 he studied philosophy, theology and philology at the universities of Tübingen and Heidelberg, where Georg Friedrich Creuzer was an important influence to his career. Afterwards, he became a librarian at the Royal Library in Stuttgart, where in 1869 he was appointed as its director. With Georg Waitz and Ludwig Häusser, he was editor of the journal, Forschungen zur Deutschen Geschichte ("Research of German History").

Calw
Calw (German pronunciation: [ˈkalf] ⓘ; previously pronounced [ˈkalp] and sometimes spelled Kalb accordingly; Swabian: Calb) is a town in the middle of Baden-Württemberg in the south of Germany, capital and largest town of the district Calw. It is located in the Northern Black Forest and is approximately 18 km (11 mi) south of Pforzheim and 33 km (21 mi) west of Stuttgart. It has the status of a große Kreisstadt.
Sadrac Saintil
Sadrac Saintil is a Haitian military officer. He was named in a presidential decree by President Jovenel Moïse in 2017 to be part of the General Staff of the reestablished Armed Forces of Haiti. He last served as the Chief of the General staff of the Armed Forces.

Saintil, then a lieutenant colonel, participated in the official whitewash of the 1994 Raboteau massacre, during the military dictatorship of Raoul Cédras.

Jovenel Moïse
Jovenel Moïse (French pronunciation: [ʒɔv(ə)nɛl mɔiz]; Haitian Creole pronunciation: [ʒovɛnɛl mɔiz]; 26 June 1968 – 7 July 2021) was a Haitian politician and businessman who served as the 48th president of Haiti from 2017 until his assassination in 2021. He assumed the presidency in February 2017 following his victory in the November 2016 Haitian presidential election.

Moïse's presidency coincided with a period of political instability in Haiti, including civil unrest, gang-related violence, fuel shortages and widespread lawlessness. On 7 July 2021, Moïse was shot and killed in a premeditated targeted attack.
Central Military District (Uzbekistan)
The Central Military District (Uzbek: Markaziy harbiy okrug) is a military district of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Uzbekistan based in the city of Jizzakh. It serves the territory of Dzhizak Province, Samarqand Province, and Sirdaryo Province.

Jizzakh Region
Jizzakh Region is one of the regions of Uzbekistan. It is located in the center/east of the country. It borders Tajikistan to the south and south-east, Samarqand Region to the west, Navoiy Region to the north-west, Kazakhstan to the north, and Sirdaryo Region to the east. It covers an area of 21,210 km2. The population is 1,443,408 (2024 estimate) with 53% living in rural areas.

The regional capital is Jizzakh (pop. 212,689, 2024). Other major towns include Doʻstlik, Gagarin, Gʻallaorol, Paxtakor, and Dashtobod. Jizzakh Region was formerly a part of Sirdaryo Region but was given separate status in 1973.
The Nostalgia of the Infinite
The Nostalgia of the Infinite (Italian: La nostalgia dell'infinito) is a painting by Italian metaphysical painter Giorgio de Chirico, dated of 1911, but most likely painted in 1912–13.

The subject of the painting is a large tower. The scene is struck by low, angular evening light. In the foreground below the tower are two small shadowy figures resembling those in future works by Salvador Dalí. This painting is the most famous example of the tower theme which appears in several of Chirico's works.

Although the painting is dated 1911, this date is generally held in question. It has been speculated by the Museum of Modern Art in New York City that it was created from 1912 to 1913, while the Annenberg School for Communication suggests 1913–14. According to art historian Robert Hughes, the painting draws inspiration from the Mole Antonelliana in Turin, Italy.

Robert Hughes (critic)
Robert Studley Forrest Hughes (28 July 1938 – 6 August 2012) was an Australian-born art critic, writer, and producer of television documentaries. He was described in 1997 by Robert Boynton of The New York Times as "the most famous art critic in the world."

Hughes earned widespread recognition for his book and television series on modern art, The Shock of the New, and for his longstanding position as art critic with TIME magazine. He is also known for his best seller The Fatal Shore (1986), a study of the British convict system in early Australian history. Known for his contentious critiques of art and artists, Hughes was generally conservative in his tastes, although he did not belong to a particular philosophical camp. His writing was noted for its power and elegance.
Lorenzo Bernardi
Lorenzo Bernardi (born 11 August 1968) is an Italian professional volleyball coach and former player, a silver medallist at the Olympic Games Atlanta 1996, two–time World Champion (1990, 1994), and a two–time European Champion (1989, 1995).

Bernardi was elected the best player of the 1994 World Championship and 1995 European Championship, and in 2001, the FIVB declared him to be the "Volleyball Player of the Century" with Karch Kiraly.

1995 Men's European Volleyball Championship
The 1995 Men's European Volleyball Championship was the nineteenth edition of the event, organized by Europe's governing volleyball body, the Confédération Européenne de Volleyball. It was hosted in two cities in Greece, in Piraeus and Patras, from September 8 to September 16, 1995. The games in Piraeus were held at Peace and Friendship Stadium, whilst in Patras at Dimitrios Tofalos Indoor Hall.
Frederick Jeremiah Edwards
Frederick Jeremiah Edwards VC (3 October 1894 – 9 March 1964) was an Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

David Charles Harvey
David Charles Harvey (29 July 1946 – 4 March 2004) was a British historian and author.  He is notable for his seminal work, Monuments To Courage, which documents the graves of almost all recipients of the Victoria Cross, a task that took him over 36 years to complete.
Rob Coleman
Rob Coleman is a Canadian animation director; he is currently the creative director at Industrial Light & Magic's Sydney branch. Previously, he was the Head of Animation at the award-winning Australian visual effects and animation studio, Animal Logic , from 2012-2021.

Coleman is a two-time Oscar nominee for his animation work on Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace and Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones and has been nominated for two BAFTA Awards for his work on Men in Black and The Phantom Menace.

Prior to moving to Australia, Coleman spent 14 years at Industrial Light & Magic and Lucasfilm Animation, (1993-2007) working most notably with George Lucas on the Star Wars prequels as animation director and on The Clone Wars animated series. He was chosen as one of the most creative people in the entertainment industry when he was added to Entertainment Weekly's "It List" in 2002 as their "It CG-Creature Crafter" for his work on digital Yoda.

Lucasfilm Animation
Lucasfilm Animation Ltd. LLC is an American animation studio and subsidiary of Lucasfilm, originally established in 2005. Its first major productions were the feature film Star Wars: The Clone Wars and its associated television series, both of which debuted in 2008 and Strange Magic, which premiered in 2015. In September 2016, Dave Filoni, known for his contributions to Star Wars: The Clone Wars and Star Wars Rebels, accepted a promotion to oversee the development of all future Lucasfilm Animation projects.
Aspergillus ustus
Aspergillus ustus is a microfungus and member of the division Ascomycota. It is commonly found in indoor environments and soil. Isolated cases of human infection resulting from A. ustus have been described; however the majority of these are nail infections.

Nail disease
A nail disease or onychosis is a disease or deformity of the nail.  Although the nail is a structure produced by the skin and is a skin appendage, nail diseases have a distinct classification as they have their own signs and symptoms which may relate to other medical conditions. Some nail conditions that show signs of infection or inflammation may require medical assistance.
Synopsia sociaria
Synopsia sociaria is a species of moth in the family Geometridae. It is found from the southern part of central Europe to western Central Asia. In the north, the range extends from the North Sea coast to the Baltic region and Russia. In the Caucasus, subspecies S. sociaria unitaria is found.

The wingspan is 28–34 mm. In the southern part of the range, adults are on wing from the end of March to the beginning of June and again from the beginning of July to the beginning of October in two generations per year. North of the Alps, there is only one generation per year with adults on wing from July to August.

The larvae feed on various plant, including Genista, Artemisia, Echium and Erica species. Pupation occurs on the ground between moss.

Erica (plant)
Erica is a genus of roughly 857 species of flowering plants in the family Ericaceae. The English common names heath and heather are shared by some closely related genera of similar appearance. The genus Calluna was formerly included in Erica; it differs in having even smaller scale-leaves (less than 2–3 millimetres long), and the flower corolla consisting of separate petals. Erica is sometimes referred to as "winter (or spring) heather" to distinguish it from Calluna "summer (or autumn) heather".
Minaki station
Minaki railway station is located in the community of Minaki in Unorganized Kenora District in northwestern Ontario, Canada. The station is on the Canadian National Railway transcontinental main line, and is in use by Via Rail as a stop for transcontinental Canadian trains.

The station was designated under the Heritage Railway Stations Protection Act in 2011. The designation notes it was built in 1910 by the National Transcontinental Railway.

Heritage Railway Stations Protection Act
The Heritage Railway Stations Protection Act (French: Loi sur la protection des gares ferroviaires patrimoniales) is an act of the Parliament of Canada. The Act was enacted in 1988 in response to a long-standing and widespread concern that Canada’s heritage railway stations were not being protected. Bill C-205, An Act to protect heritage railway stations, was proposed by MP Gordon Taylor in a private member's bill which received support of all parties in the House of Commons.
The Pierre Berton Show
The Pierre Berton Show is a television show on CHCH TV, hosted by Pierre Berton. It ran from 1962 to 1973, and Berton regularly interviewed important artists, actors, and other public figures. His interviewees included Malcolm X in 1965, Lenny Bruce in 1966, and the only known interview with Bruce Lee in 1971.

Lenny Bruce
Leonard Alfred Schneider (October 13, 1925 – August 3, 1966), better known by his stage name Lenny Bruce, was an American stand-up comedian, social critic, and satirist. He was renowned for his open, free-wheeling, and critical style of comedy that combined satire, politics, religion, sex, and vulgarity. His 1964 conviction in an obscenity trial was followed by a posthumous pardon in 2003.

Bruce forged new paths in comedy and counterculture. His trial for obscenity was a landmark of freedom of speech in the United States. In 2017, Rolling Stone magazine ranked Bruce third, behind Richard Pryor and George Carlin, on its list of the 50 best stand-up comics of all time.
Mizoguchi Naohiro
Mizoguchi Naohiro (溝口直溥, January 27, 1819 – April 26, 1874) was the 11th daimyō of Shibata Domain in Echigo Province, Japan (modern-day Niigata Prefecture). His courtesy title was Shūzen-no-kami, and his Court rank was Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade.

Courtesy title
A courtesy title is a title that does not have legal significance but is rather used by custom or courtesy, particularly, in the context of nobility, the titles used by children of members of the nobility (cf. substantive title).

In some contexts, courtesy title is used to mean the more general concept of a title or honorific such as Mr., Mrs., Ms., Miss, Madam, Sir for those who have not been awarded a knighthood or a baronetcy, as well as Dr. for physicians who have not actually achieved a doctorate.
The Rock (Northwestern University)
The Rock is a boulder on the campus of Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois, between University Hall and Harris Hall. It functions as a student-painted billboard for announcing campus groups, events, and messages, and has been repeatedly repainted in various colors and designs over the years.

Boulder
In geology, a boulder (less commonly spelled bowlder) is a rock fragment with size greater than 25.6 cm (10.1 in) in diameter. Smaller pieces are called cobbles and pebbles. While a boulder may be small enough to move or roll manually, others are extremely massive. In common usage, a boulder is too large for a person to move. Smaller boulders are usually just called rocks or stones.
Bud Wiser
Bernard "Bud" Wiser (May 20, 1929 – April 16, 2017) was an American director, producer and screenwriter. He directed, produced and wrote for documentary television film The World of Animals: Big Cats, Little Cats.

Wiser also worked as a writer/producer on television programs, as his credits includes, One Day at a Time, The Practice, Dear John, Who's the Boss?, All in the Family, Rhoda, Charles in Charge, Chico and the Man, Growing Pains, The New Lassie, Coach and That's My Mama. He died in April 2017 at his home in Studio City, California, at the age of 87.

The New Lassie
The New Lassie is an American family drama series which aired in first-run syndication from September 8, 1989 to February 15, 1992. The series stars Will Estes (then using his real name of Will Nipper) as Will McCullough, Lassie's new master.  Real life husband and wife Christopher and Dee Wallace-Stone co-starred as Will's parents.

The New Lassie is essentially a sequel to the 1954 series, and was the latest in the line of works featuring the Lassie character, which debuted in the 1943 film Lassie Come Home, followed by several more movies and the aforementioned television series, which ran from 1954 to 1973.
Pratikar
Pratikar is a 1991 Indian Hindi-language action drama film directed by T. Rama Rao. It stars Raakhee, Anil Kapoor, Madhuri Dixit, with Mohsin Khan, Sonu Walia in other roles. The film is a remake of 1987 Bengali film Pratikaar, which was also remade in Telugu as Raktha Tilakam and in Tamil as Thaimel Aanai.

Thaimel Aanai
Thaimel Aanai (transl. Mother's order) is a 1988 Indian Tamil-language action film, directed by L. Raja and produced by AVM Productions. The film stars Arjun and Raghuvaran. It was released on 13 April 1988. This film was dubbed in Telugu as Kondaveeti Siva. The film is a remake of Bengali film Pratikaar (1987). Before the film's release, Rajinikanth made a special appearance regarding eye donation and its awareness.
OM Digital Solutions
OM Digital Solutions Corporation (OMDS) (OMデジタルソリューションズ) is a Japanese manufacturer of opto-digital products for business and consumer use, branded OM System. The company acquired the camera, audio recorder and binocular product divisions of the manufacturer Olympus in January 2021.

Digital electronics
Digital electronics is a field of electronics involving the study of digital signals and the engineering of devices that use or produce them. It deals with the relationship between binary inputs and outputs by passing electrical signals through logical gates, resistors, capacitors, amplifiers, and other electronic components. The field of digital electronics is in contrast to analog electronics, which work primarily with analog signals (signals with varying degrees of intensity as opposed to on/off two-state binary signals). Despite the name, digital electronics designs include important analog design considerations.

Large assemblies of logic gates, used to represent more complex ideas, are often packaged into integrated circuits. Complex devices may have simple electronic representations of Boolean logic functions.
Klotzsche
Klotzsche (German pronunciation: [ˈklɔtʃə]) is a borough (Stadtbezirk) of Dresden, Germany. It consists of four quarters (Stadtteile):

Klotzsche proper

Hellerau

Rähnitz

Wilschdorf

The borough is located north of the Elbe Valley and the Dresden city centre, on the western rim of the Lusatian Plateau. It borders the extended Dresden Heath woodlands on the Prießnitz river in the south and east, and the area of Moritzburg in the northwest.

Klotzsche hosts the major Dresden weather station and the international airport of the city. While Klotzsche has a historic villa quarter, that quarter does not have many residents. The northern part comprises the major industrial locations of Silicon Saxony, such as GlobalFoundries, Fab 1, and Infineon Technologies. Klotsche can easily be reached from the city center with the tram number 7, commuter trains, and urban and suburban bus lines.

Moritzburg, Saxony
Moritzburg (German pronunciation: [ˈmoːʁɪtsˌbʊʁk]) is a municipality in the district of Meissen in Saxony, Germany, between Meissen itself, an early centre of Saxony, and today's capital Dresden. It is most famous for its Baroque castle, Schloss Moritzburg.

The village, which was originally known as Eisenburg, was first mentioned in 1294. It became a market in 1675. The Saxon state stud has been located here since 1828. In 1884, a narrow-gauge railway, the Radebeul–Radeburg line, was built connecting the town to the district capital Radebeul and Radeburg. It was renamed Moritzburg, after the nearby castle, in 1934. German artist Käthe Kollwitz lived at the invitation of Prince Ernst Heinrich von Wettin in the Rüdenhof in Moritzburg from 1944 until her death on 22 April 1945. In 1995, a small museum was opened in the Rüdenhof.
Timothy Lee Terrill
Timothy Lee Terrill, QC (March 12, 1815 – August 26, 1879) was a lawyer, farmer and political figure in Canada East.

He was born in Ascot Township, Sherbrooke County in Lower Canada in 1815, the son of Joseph Hazard Terrill, commissioner of small causes for Sherbrooke. He studied law in the office of his brother, Hazard Bailey, and was admitted to the bar in 1840. He was later appointed Queen's Counsel. He served in a cavalry troop during the Lower Canada Rebellion of 1837. When his brother Hazard Bailey died in 1852, he ran for his seat in the Legislative Assembly representing Stanstead in November 1852 and was elected by acclamation. He was re-elected to the same seat in the general elections held in July 1854 and December 1857. In 1856, he became provincial secretary for Canada East; he resigned this office in 1857. He retired from politics in 1861 due to ill health.

He suffered an attack of paralysis and died in Stanstead in 1879.

Stanstead (federal electoral district)
Stanstead was a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1867 to 1968.

It was created by the British North America Act, 1867. It consisted initially of the Townships of Stanstead, Barnston, Hatley, Barford, and Magog East and West.

In 1924, it was redefined to exclude the part of the municipality of St. Herménégilde lying in the township of Hereford.

In 1947, it was redefined to consist of:

the county of Stanstead, (except the municipality and the village of St. Herménégilde), and the towns of Coaticook and Magog;

the town of Lennoxville and the south-eastern parts of the county of Sherbrooke, and the municipality of Compton and the villages of Compton and Waterville.

The electoral district was abolished in 1966 when it was redistributed into Compton, Missisquoi, Shefford and Sherbrooke ridings.
Stymfalia
Stymfalia (Greek: Στυμφαλία; Ancient Greek: Στύμφαλος Stymphalos) is a village and a former municipality in Corinthia, Peloponnese, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform, it has formed part of the municipality of Sikyona, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 205.07 km2, while its population as of 2021 was 1,898. The seat of the municipality was in Kalianoi, 41 km southwest of the town of Kiato. The municipal unit occupies a mountain valley with an average altitude of 600 metres. Mount Kyllene dominates it to the NW, rising to a height of c. 2,400 metres. The largest village is Kaisari, but the principal antiquities are just south of the modern village of Stymfalia, a hamlet of about 150 inhabitants.

Peloponnese (region)
The Peloponnese Region (Greek: Περιφέρεια Πελοποννήσου, romanized: Periféria Peloponnísou, [periˈferia pelopoˈnisu]) is a region in southern Greece. It borders Western Greece to the north and Attica to the north-east. The region has an area of about 15,490 square kilometres (5,980 square miles). It covers most of the Peloponnese peninsula, except for the northwestern subregions of Achaea and Elis which belong to Western Greece and a small portion of the Argolid peninsula that is part of Attica.
Jahan Khan
Jahan Khan is a name in the Islamic World of Persian and Turkish origin.

Notable topics by the name include:

Jahan Khan (Afghan general), Commander-in-Chief of the Durrani Empire

Jahan Khan (popularly known as Mujeeb Chandio) is a cricketer from Larkana Region.

Jahan Khan (town), union council of Shikarpur, Sindh

Jahan Khanamlu, village of Ardabil province

Jan Khani, village of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province

Shikarpur, Sindh
Shikarpur (Sindhi: شڪارپور; Śikārpūr) is a city and the capital of Shikarpur District in Sindh province of Pakistan. It is situated about 29 km west of the right bank of the Indus, with a railway station, 37 km north-west of Sukkur. It is the 42nd largest city of Pakistan by population according to the 2017 census.
Factor VIII (medication)
Factor VIII, an essential blood coagulation protein, is used as a medication to treat and prevent bleeding in people with hemophilia A and other causes of low factor VIII. Certain preparations may also be used in those with von Willebrand's disease. It is given by slow injection into a vein.

Side effects include skin flushing, shortness of breath, fever, and red blood cell breakdown. Allergic reactions including anaphylaxis may occur. It is unclear if use during pregnancy is safe for the fetus. A purified factor VIII concentrate is made from human blood plasma. A recombinant version is also available. People may develop antibodies to factor VIII such that this medication becomes less effective.

Factor VIII was first identified in the 1940s and became available as a medication in the 1960s. Recombinant factor VIII was first made in 1984 and approved for medical use in the United States in 1992. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

Hemolysis
Hemolysis or haemolysis (/hiːˈmɒlɪsɪs/), also known by several other names, is the rupturing (lysis) of red blood cells (erythrocytes) and the release of their contents (cytoplasm) into surrounding fluid (e.g. blood plasma). Hemolysis may occur in vivo or in vitro.

One cause of hemolysis is the action of hemolysins, toxins that are produced by certain pathogenic bacteria or fungi. Another cause is intense physical exercise. Hemolysins damage the red blood cell's cytoplasmic membrane, causing lysis and eventually cell death.