hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Levin Thomas Handy Irving
Levin Thomas Handy Irving (April 8, 1828 – August 24, 1892) was a justice of the Maryland Court of Appeals from 1879 until his death in 1892.

Born in Somerset County, Maryland, Irving graduated with distinction from Princeton University at the age of 18, and then read law with his uncle, William W. Handy, of Somerset, to gain admission to the bar in 1849.

For seven years he practiced in Salisbury, Maryland  In 1856 he went to Cincinnati, where he formed a partnership with Eli P. Morton, which lasted for one year. Irving then returned to Maryland. In 1867 he was elected Associate Judge, and on the death of Judge James A. Stewart he received the appointment of Chief Judge of his circuit in April, 1879. In November 1880, he was elected without opposition to that position for a term of fifteen years.

Irving died at his home at the age of 64, having been overcome by the heat while on his way to Cambridge two weeks before, and never recovered.

Somerset County, Maryland
Somerset County is the southernmost county in the U.S. state of Maryland. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 24,620, making it the second-least populous county in Maryland. The county seat is Princess Anne. The county is part of the Lower Eastern Shore region of the state.

The county was named for Mary, Lady Somerset, the wife of Sir John Somerset and daughter of Thomas Arundell, 1st Baron Arundell of Wardour (c. 1560–1639). She was also the sister of Anne Calvert, Baroness Baltimore (1615–1649), who later lent her name to Anne Arundel County, which was erected in 1650 as the Province of Maryland's third county.

Somerset County is located on the state's Eastern Shore. It is included in the Salisbury, MD-DE Metropolitan Statistical Area.

The University of Maryland Eastern Shore is located in Princess Anne.
Sociology of literature
The sociology of literature is a subfield of the sociology of culture. It studies the social production of literature and its social implications. A notable example is Pierre Bourdieu's 1992  Les Règles de L'Art: Genèse et Structure du Champ Littéraire, translated by Susan Emanuel as Rules of Art: Genesis and Structure of the Literary Field (1996).

Robert Escarpit
Robert Escarpit (24 April 1918 in Saint-Macaire – 19 November 2000 in Langon) was a French academic, writer and  journalist. He is most known to the public for his satiric articles in newspapers such as Le Monde in which he wrote around twenty columns per month from 1949 to 1979.
Świerzowa Ruska
Świerzowa Ruska (Polish: [ɕfjɛˈʐɔva ˈruska]) is an abandoned village in the administrative district of Gmina Krempna, within Jasło County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland, close to the border with Slovakia.

Currently all that's left from the village is cemetery and some wayside crosses. Since 1995 Świerzowa's nature is protected by the Magura National Park.

Magura National Park
Magura National Park (Polish: Magurski Park Narodowy) is a National Park located in the south-east of Poland, close to Slovakia, on the boundary of Lesser Poland Voivodeship and Subcarpathian Voivodeship. It covers the main part of the upper basin of the Wisłoka river. When the park was created in 1995 it covered 199.62 km2, although it is now only 194.39 km2 (75.05 sq mi), of which 185.31 km2 is forest.

The park takes its name from the massif known as Magura Wątkowska, after Wątkowa, its highest peak. Magura is also the name of the second-highest peak of this massif.
Thi Wang railway station
Thi Wang railway station (Thai: สถานีรถไฟที่วัง) is a railway station located in Thi Wang Subdistrict, Thung Song District, Nakhon Si Thammarat. The station is a class 3 railway station and is located 765.574 km (475.7 mi) from Thon Buri railway station.

Thon Buri railway station
Thon Buri railway station (Thai: สถานีรถไฟธนบุรี) formerly known as Bangkok Noi railway station (สถานีรถไฟบางกอกน้อย), is a class 1 railway station and the current terminus of the Thon Buri Branch Line in Bangkok. Near the station is a railway depot that maintains five functional steam locomotives, which are operated on four special occasions each year. Thon Buri station is the only station in Bangkok that where railway semaphore signals (although unused) are still present on the station grounds.

Despite its name, the station is not located in Thon Buri district, which instead is located in Bangkok Noi district.
Glycol dehydration
Glycol dehydration is a liquid desiccant system for the removal of water from natural gas and natural gas liquids (NGL).  It is the most common and economical means of water removal from these streams.  Glycols typically seen in industry include triethylene glycol (TEG), diethylene glycol (DEG), ethylene glycol (MEG), and tetraethylene glycol (TREG).  TEG is the most commonly used glycol in industry.

Polyethylene glycol
Polyethylene glycol (PEG; /ˌpɒliˈɛθəlˌiːn ˈɡlaɪˌkɒl, -ˈɛθɪl-, -ˌkɔːl/) is a polyether compound derived from petroleum with many applications, from industrial manufacturing to medicine. PEG is also known as polyethylene oxide (PEO) or polyoxyethylene (POE), depending on its molecular weight. The structure of PEG is commonly expressed as H−(O−CH2−CH2)n−OH.

PEG is commonly incorporated into hydrogels which present a functional form for further use.
Liesegang rings (geology)
Liesegang rings (/ˈliːzəɡɑːŋ/; also called Liesegangen rings or Liesegang bands) are colored bands of cement observed in sedimentary rocks that typically cut across bedding.  These secondary (diagenetic) sedimentary structures exhibit bands of (authigenic) minerals that are arranged in a regular repeating pattern.    Liesegang rings are distinguishable from other sedimentary structures by their concentric or ring-like appearance.  The precise mechanism from which Liesegang rings form is not entirely known and is still under research, but there is a precipitation process that is thought to be the catalyst for Liesegang ring formation, referred to as the Ostwald-Liesegang supersaturation-nucleation-depletion cycle.  Though Liesegang rings are considered a frequent occurrence in sedimentary rocks, rings composed of iron oxide can also occur in permeable igneous and metamorphic rocks that have been chemically weathered.

Igneous rock
Igneous rock (igneous from Latin  igneus 'fiery'), or magmatic rock, is one of the three main rock types, the others being sedimentary and metamorphic. Igneous rocks are formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava.

The magma can be derived from partial melts of existing rocks in a terrestrial planet's mantle or crust. Typically, the melting is caused by one or more of three processes: an increase in temperature, a decrease in pressure, or a change in composition. Solidification into rock occurs either below the surface as intrusive rocks or on the surface as extrusive rocks. Igneous rock may form with crystallization to form granular, crystalline rocks, or without crystallization to form natural glasses.

Igneous rocks occur in a wide range of geological settings: shields, platforms, orogens, basins, large igneous provinces, extended crust and oceanic crust.
Aldo Scribante Circuit
The Aldo Scribante Race Circuit is a permanent racecourse near the city of Port Elizabeth in South Africa.

The 2.480 km (1.541 mi) paved circuit with eight curves and pit system was built in the 1970s. In 1975, the Algoa Motor Sport Club (AMSC) organized the first national race on the track. In addition to the national competitions, the track is also used by companies based in South Africa such as General Motors, Ford, Volkswagen, Bridgestone, Firestone, Goodyear and Continental as a test track.

The region around Port Elizabeth is the focus of the South African auto and supply industry and is also called the "Detroit of South Africa". The Aldo Scribante Circuit also serves to present new vehicle models in South Africa, with appropriate events from the companies.

Since 11 October 2014, the South African championship of Formula Vee South Africa has been held there.

Bridgestone
Bridgestone Corporation (株式会社ブリヂストン, Kabushiki gaisha Burijisuton) is a Japanese multinational manufacturing company based in Kyōbashi, Tokyo. Founded in 1931 by Shōjirō Ishibashi in Kurume, it primarily manufactures tires, as well as golf equipment. The name Bridgestone comes from a calque translation and transposition of the founder's surname, meaning 'stone bridge' in Japanese.

The company has been the world's second-largest tire manufacturer by annual revenue since 2021. As of July 2018, Bridgestone Group has 181 production facilities in 24 countries.
2016 European Universities Games
The 2016 European University Games, also known as 2016 European Universiade, was the third biannual European Universities Games (EUG), the largest European multisport event, with 4800 participants from 403 universities in 41 countries. The event took place in the Croatian cities of Zagreb and Rijeka between 13 and 25 July 2016, and was organised by European University Sports Association (EUSA) and Croatian Academic Sport Federation (CASF) with the cooperation of University of Zagreb, University of Rijeka, City of Rijeka, City of Zagreb and Ministry of Science, Education and Sport.

Multi-sport event
A multi-sport event is an organized sporting event, often held over multiple days, featuring competition in many different sports among organized teams of athletes from (mostly) nation-states. The first major, modern, multi-sport event of international significance was the Olympic Games, first held in modern times in 1896 in Athens, Greece, and inspired by the ancient Olympic Games, one of a number of such events held in antiquity. Most modern multi-sport events have the same basic structure. Games are held over the 
course of several days in and around a "host city", which changes for each competition. Countries send national teams to each competition, consisting of individual athletes and teams that compete in a wide variety of sports.  Athletes or teams are awarded gold, silver or bronze medals for first, second and third place respectively. Each game is generally held every four years, though some are annual competitions.
Chunakkara
Chunakkara is a village in Mavelikara Tahsil of Alappuzha district, in the Indian state of Kerala. It is located on the Kollam Theni Highway spanning in around 6 km (3.7 mi) in length along the highway. It is divided into 5 areas and 15 wards. It is located 10.5 km (6.5 mi) south from Mavelikara and 15 km (9.3 mi) west of Kayamkulam. Nearest railway stations are Kayamlulam railway station and Mavelikara railway station, both are accessible by public and private transports.

Kayamkulam Junction railway station
Kayamkulam Junction railway station (station code: KYJ) is an NSG–3 category Indian railway station in Thiruvananthapuram railway division of Southern Railway zone. It is a railway station in Kerala, located at Kayamkulam, Alappuzha district. It is an NSG 3 category station. It stands at the junction of three lines- south towards Thiruvananthapuram via Kollam, north towards Ernakulam via Alappuzha and north-east towards Ernakulam Junction/Ernakulam Town via Kottayam. The station is  located 1.7 km (1.1 mi) from Kayamkulam town, near Kayamkulam–Punalur Road (KP road). In 2018, the rail wi-fi broad-band connection has been introduced in Kayamkulam.
Scott Glasgow
Scott Glasgow (born c. 1976) is an American film composer, conductor, and musician known for his work on numerous feature films and other visual media. He has composed scores for a variety of genres, including science fiction, horror, and action films, and has been recognized for his ability to blend traditional orchestral elements with contemporary production techniques.

The Ninth Passenger
The Ninth Passenger is a 2018 American horror-thriller film. It is directed by Corey Large, who also stars along with Jesse Metcalfe, Alexia Fast, and Tom Maden.

Shot in Vancouver, Canada, the film was released in August 2018. The film follows a group of people aboard a luxury yacht on a spontaneous midnight sea voyage, pursued by an unknown passenger.
Vivia Thomas
Vivia Thomas  is an American folk figure.

The popular legend is summarized as follows: a sentry was patrolling the grounds of Fort Gibson in the Indian Territory when he discovered a trooper, young Private Thomas, lying dead across a grave in a nearby cemetery. Approximately two weeks later, on January 6, 1870, a young woman was found frozen to death by his grave. Two days prior to her death, she had revealed the tale to a Fort Gibson chaplain. The story is a small, well-known part of American military history.

Fort Gibson, Oklahoma
Fort Gibson is a town in Muskogee County in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. A small portion extends north into Cherokee County. The town population was 3,814 as of the 2020 census, down from 4,154 in 2010. It is the location of Fort Gibson Historical Site and Fort Gibson National Cemetery and is located near the end of the Cherokees' Trail of Tears at Tahlequah.

Colonel Matthew Arbuckle of the United States Army established Fort Gibson in 1824. The Army abandoned the fort in 1890. A recreation of the fort stands at the historic site, which was built as a Works Progress Administration project between 1935 and 1939, at a different location from the original fort.

The town calls itself "The Oldest Town in Oklahoma."
Southon
Southon is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Arthur Eustace Southon (1887–1964), English Methodist minister

Jamie Southon (born 1974), English footballer

Mark Southon, New Zealand celebrity chef and TV personality

Mike Southon (cinematographer), British cinematographer

Mike Southon (writer), British entrepreneur and author

Stephen Southon (1806–1880), English cricketer

Mark Southon
Mark Southon is an English-born New Zealand celebrity chef and television personality originally from Manchester, England. He was previously the resident chef for the New Zealand morning TV Show The Cafe, which aired from 2016 until 2020.

In 2022, he participated in season 1, episode 6 of Snack Masters, where he had to replicate Eta's Ripple chips and Onion Dip. He was introduced as the former Head Chef of The French Cafe, O Connell's Bistro and Wai Restaurant. In 2023, Southon appeared in the New Zealand television series, Clubhouse Rescue.

He is the Head Chef of Etheral Restaurant in Double Tree by Hilton Karaka.
The War Prayer (Babylon 5)
"The War Prayer" is the seventh episode of the first season of the science fiction television series, Babylon 5. It first aired on 9 March 1994.  The episode deals with a string of anti-alien attacks on Babylon 5, and the arrival of Malcolm Biggs, who formerly had romantic ties with Lt Commander Ivanova, and who is involved with the anti-alien Home Guard movement.

Science fiction on television
Science fiction (Sci-fi) first appeared in television programming in the late 1930s, during what is called the Golden Age of Science Fiction. Special effects and other production techniques allow creators to present a living visual image of an imaginary world not limited by the constraints of reality.
Sviatlana Pirazhenka
Sviatlana Aliaksandrauna Pirazhenka (Belarusian: Святлана Аляксандраўна Піражэнка; born 12 September 1992) is a Belarusian former tennis player.

In her career, she won four singles and 20 doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit. On 18 August 2014, she reached a career-high singles ranking of world No. 371. On 7 July 2014, she peaked at No. 253 in the WTA doubles rankings.

Pirazhenka made her WTA Tour debut at the 2014 Gastein Ladies, partnering Irina Falconi in doubles. The pair lost their first-round match against Kateryna Bondarenko and Nicole Melichar in three sets.

Irina Falconi
Irina Falconi Hartman (Spanish: Falconí; born Irina Alejandra Falconi; May 4, 1990) is an Ecuadorian-born American former professional tennis player. Her highest WTA singles ranking is 63, which she reached in May 2016. Her career-high in doubles is world No. 70, set in June 2013.

Born Irina Alejandra Falconi in Portoviejo, Ecuador, she moved to Manhattan, New York, as a toddler. At the age of 14, she and her family moved to Florida. In 2021, Falconi married Travis Hartman and their daughter Isabella was born.
Chandragupta (board game)
Chandragupta is a board wargame designed by Stephen R. Welch and released in 2008 by GMT Games as part of the Great Battles of History (GBoH) series of games (designed by Richard Berg and Mark Herman) on ancient warfare. Chandragupta simulates battles fought by the Mauryan Dynasty in ancient India, and in so doing, attempts to illuminate the features, challenges, and unique attributes of the Indian military system and culture during this period.

Bindusara
Bindusara (r. c. 297 – c. 273 BCE) was the second Mauryan emperor of Magadha in Ancient India. The ancient Greco-Roman writers called him Amitrochates, a name likely derived from his Sanskrit title Amitraghāta ("slayer of enemies").

Bindusara was the son of the dynasty's founder Chandragupta and the father of its most famous ruler Ashoka. His life is not documented as well as the lives of these two emperors. Much of the information about him comes from legendary accounts written several hundred years after his death. Bindusara consolidated the empire created by his father.

The 16th century Tibetan Buddhist author Taranatha credits his administration with extensive territorial conquests in southern India, but some historians doubt the historical authenticity of this claim.
WSBT-TV
WSBT-TV (channel 22) is a television station in South Bend, Indiana, United States, affiliated with CBS and Fox. It is owned by Sinclair Broadcast Group alongside WSJV (channel 28). The two stations share studios on East Douglas Avenue in Mishawaka and transmitter facilities on Ironwood Road in South Bend, near the St. Joseph County 4-H Fairgrounds.

St. Joseph County, Indiana
St. Joseph County, colloquially called St. Joe County by residents, is a county located in the U.S. state of Indiana. As of the 2020 census, the population was 272,912, making it the fifth-most populous county in Indiana. Formed in 1830, it was named for the St. Joseph River which flows through it to Lake Michigan. The county seat is South Bend. St. Joseph County is part of the South Bend–Mishawaka, IN–MI "Michiana", Metropolitan Statistical Area.
2011 Australian Open – Women's singles qualifying
The 2011 Australian Open was a tennis tournament featuring six different competitions, and part of the 2011 ATP World Tour, the 2011 WTA Tour, ITF Junior Tour and the NEC Tour, as tournaments for professional, junior and wheelchair players were held. The tournament took place at Melbourne Park in Melbourne, Australia, from 17 January to 30 January, it was the 99th edition of the Australian Open and the first Grand Slam event of 2011. The tournament was played on hard courts and was organised by the International Tennis Federation and Tennis Australia.

Jamie Hampton
Jamie Lee Hampton (born January 8, 1990) is an American former professional tennis player. In July 2013, she reached her highest singles ranking of world No. 24.  Due to many injuries, she needed to stop playing in 2014, and officially retired in 2020.
Heo Kwang-hee
Heo Kwang-hee (Korean: 허광희; born 11 August 1995) is a South Korean badminton player who was educated at the Dankook University. He was selected to join the national team in 2012, and joined the Samsung Electro-Mechanics team in 2014. Heo was the bronze medalists at the 2012 World Junior Championships in the boys' singles and team event, and Asian Junior Championships in the team event. Heo later won the boys' singles and mixed team gold medals at the 2013 World Junior Championships, and the mixed team silver medal at the Asian Junior Championships. In the senior level tournament, Heo was the semi-finalists at the 2017 U.S. and 2018 New Zealand Open. He competed at the 2018 Asian Games and at the 2020 Summer Olympics, is best known for upsetting top-seeded Kento Momota in the group stage of the latter tournament.

Dankook University
Dankook University (commonly referred to as Dankook), abbreviated as DKU, is a private research university in Yongin and Cheonan, South Korea. The university was established in 1947. It was the first university established after the National Liberation Day of Korea, and its original location was in Jongno District and Yongsan District (after Jongno), Seoul.
Mo Huilan
Mo Huilan (simplified Chinese: 莫慧兰; traditional Chinese: 莫慧蘭; pinyin: Mò Huìlán; born 19 July 1979 in Guilin, Guangxi) is a retired Chinese gymnast who competed at the 1996 Olympic Games in Atlanta. She was one of China's most successful gymnasts in the 1990s. She was known for performing routines of exceptional difficulty and technique, but also for inconsistency.

Her birth date has been reported in various events as July 19 and November 7; it is unclear which is correct. She is a fraternal twin; her sister Mo Huifang was also a gymnast.

Guilin
Guilin (Standard Zhuang: Gveilinz), formerly romanized as Kweilin, is a prefecture-level city in the northeast of China's Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. It is situated on the west bank of the Li River and borders Hunan to the north. Its name means "forest of sweet osmanthus", owing to the large number of fragrant sweet osmanthus trees located in the region. The city has long been renowned for its scenery of karst topography.

Guilin is one of China's most popular tourist destinations, and the epithet "By water, by mountains, most lovely, Guilin" (山水甲天下) is often associated with the city. The State Council of China has designated Guilin a National Famous Historical and Cultural City, doing so in the first edition of the list.
Frederick Sharp (baritone)
Frederick Sharp (October 19, 1911, Mansfield Woodhouse – April 20, 1988, Tadworth, Surrey) was an English baritone. Trained as a singer at the Royal College of Music, he made his debut in 1946 at the Glyndebourne Festival Opera as Junius in Benjamin Britten's The Rape of Lucretia. In 1947 he created the role of Sid in the world premiere of Britten's Albert Herring. He went on to sing thirteen seasons with the Sadler's Wells Opera;  portraying such roles as Germont in La traviata,  Paolo in Simon Boccanegra, Scarpia in Tosca, and the title roles in Eugene Onegin, Don Giovanni and Rigoletto among others. His final appearance with Saddler's Wells was in 1960.

Tadworth
Tadworth is a large suburban village in Surrey, England in the south-east of the Epsom Downs, part of the North Downs. It forms part of the Borough of Reigate and Banstead. At the 2021 census, Tadworth (and Walton-on-the-Hill) had a population of 7,095.
Kincardine, Sutherland
Kincardine (Scottish Gaelic: Cinn Chàrdainn) is a small hamlet in Sutherland, situated on the west end of the south shore of the Dornoch Firth. The village of Ardgay is less than 1 mile north west of Kincardine along the A836 coast road. It lies within the civil parish of Kincardine and Community council of Ardgay and District.

Civil parishes in Scotland
Civil parishes are small divisions used for statistical purposes and formerly for local government in Scotland.

Civil parishes gained legal functions in 1845 when parochial boards were established to administer the poor law. Their local government functions were abolished in 1930 with their powers transferred to county or burgh councils. Since 1975, they have been superseded as the smallest unit of local administration in Scotland by community councils.