hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mihnea Berindei
Mihnea Berindei (22 March 1948 – 19 June 2016) was a Romanian-born French historian.

He was born in Bucharest, the son of historian Dan Berindei, and studied at the Faculty of History of the University of Bucharest from 1966 to 1970. Under the guidance of Mihail Guboglu, he learned old Turkic and became interested in the study of the Ottoman Empire. He went to Turkey to find documentation, and then went to Paris, where he studied at the École pratique des hautes études, graduating in 1972.

After the Romanian Revolution of 1989, Berindei was instrumental in the creation of the Group for Social Dialogue. After 2000, he participated in the restitution for historians of the archives of the Romanian Communist Party and  was a member of the Presidential Commission for the Study of the Communist Dictatorship in Romania.

On 22 June 2016, Romanian President Klaus Iohannis awarded post-mortem to Berindei the National Order of Faithful Service, Knight rank.

University of Bucharest
The University of Bucharest (UB) (Romanian: Universitatea din București) is a public research university in Bucharest, Romania. It was founded in its current form on 4 July 1864 (1864-07-04) by a decree of Prince Alexandru Ioan Cuza to convert the former Princely Academy into the current University of Bucharest, making it one of the oldest Romanian universities. It is one of the five members of the Universitaria Consortium (a group of elite Romanian universities).

The University of Bucharest offers study programmes in Romanian and English and is classified as an advanced research and education university by the Ministry of Education.
Sok Kwu Wan Public Pier
Sok Kwu Wan Public Pier, also known as Sok Kwu Wan Pier, is a public pier located adjacent to Sok Kwu Wan Pier No. 2 on the waterfront of Sok Kwu Wan in Sok Kwu Wan First Street, Lamma Island, Hong Kong. There is only one ferry service provided in the pier, which is the service between Sok Kwu Wan and Aberdeen via Mo Tat Wan, operated by Chuen Kee Ferry.

Aberdeen, Hong Kong
Aberdeen (/ˌæbərˈdiːn/ ⓘ AB-ər-DEEN; Chinese: 香港仔; lit. 'Little Hong Kong') is an area on southwest Hong Kong Island in Hong Kong. Administratively, it is part of the Southern District. While the name "Aberdeen" could be taken in a broad sense to encompass the areas of Aberdeen (town), Wong Chuk Hang, Ap Lei Chau, Tin Wan, Wah Kwai Estate and Wah Fu Estate, it is more often used to refer to the town only. According to the population census conducted in 2011, the total population of the Aberdeen area is approximately 80,000.

Aberdeen is famous not only to tourists but also to Hong Kong locals for its floating village and floating seafood restaurants located in the Aberdeen Harbour. The Tanka people, who used to live on boats in the Aberdeen Harbour, are generally associated with the fishing industry, and there are still several dozens of them living on boats in the harbour.
François Benjamin Courvoisier
François Benjamin Courvoisier (August 1816 – 6 July 1840) was a Swiss-born valet who was convicted of murdering his employer Lord William Russell in London, England, and hanged outside Newgate Prison on 6 July 1840. A crowd of around 40,000 witnessed his death, including Charles Dickens and William Makepeace Thackeray.

Valet
A valet or varlet is a male servant who serves as personal attendant to his employer. In the Middle Ages and Ancien Régime, valet de chambre was a role for junior courtiers and specialists such as artists in a royal court, but the term "valet" by itself most often refers to a normal servant responsible for the clothes and personal belongings of an employer, and making minor arrangements. In the United States, the term most often refers to a parking valet, and the role is often confused with a butler.
John Murray, 1st Marquess of Atholl
John Murray, 1st Marquess of Atholl, KT (2 May 1631 – 6 May 1703) was a leading Scottish royalist and defender of the Stuarts during the English Civil War of the 1640s, until after the rise to power of William and Mary in 1689. He succeeded as 2nd Earl of Atholl on his father's demise in June 1642 and as 3rd Earl of Tullibardine after the death of his first cousin the 2nd Earl in 1670.

Lord President of the Court of Session
The Lord President of the Court of Session and Lord Justice General (Scottish Gaelic: Àrd-mhorair Cùirt an t-Seisein) is the most senior judge in Scotland, the head of the judiciary, and the presiding judge of the College of Justice, the Court of Session, and the High Court of Justiciary. The Lord President holds the title of Lord Justice General of Scotland and the head of the High Court of Justiciary ex officio, as the two offices were combined in 1836.  The Lord President has authority over any court established under Scots law, except for the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom and the Court of the Lord Lyon.

The current Lord President of the Court of Session is Lord Pentland, who was appointed to the position on 3 February 2025 succeeding Lord Carloway They are paid according to salary group 1.1 of the Judicial Salaries Scale, which in 2016 was £222,862.
Kiltuish River
Kiltuish River is a river in the Canadian province of British Columbia. It originates in the Kitimat Ranges, and flows about 25 km (16 mi) north to the Pacific Ocean at Kiltuish Inlet, an arm of the fjord Gardner Canal. The Kiltuish River is within the traditional territory of the Haisla people.

The name "Kiltuish" comes from a Haisla word meaning "long and narrow stretch of water leading outward".

Haisla language
Haisla (Haisla: X̄aʼislak̓ala / X̌àh̓isl̩ak̓ala, [ˈχaʔislakʼala]) is a First Nations Wakashan language spoken by the Haisla people of the North Coast region of the Canadian province of British Columbia, who are based in the village of Kitamaat.

The name "Haisla" is derived from the Haisla word xàʼisla or xàʼisəla, meaning 'dwellers downriver'. The Haisla and their language, along with that of the neighbouring Heiltsuk and Wuikinuxv peoples, were in the past incorrectly called "Northern Kwakiutl".

Haisla is currently spoken by several hundred people but it is considered critically endangered. Haisla is geographically the northernmost Wakashan language. Its nearest Wakashan neighbor is Oowekyala.
Lacroix (surname)
Lacroix or La Croix is a French topographic surname meaning "the cross". It often referred to a person living near a market or roadside cross, or carrying a cross in a religious pageant. Related names include Cross, LaCrosse, and Delacroix.

Notable people and fictional characters with the name include:

Christian cross
The Christian cross, seen as symbolizing the crucifixion of Jesus, is a symbol of Christianity. It is related to the crucifix, a cross that includes a corpus (a representation of Jesus's body, usually three-dimensional) and to the more general family of cross symbols. The term cross is now detached from its original specifically Christian meaning, in modern English and many other Western languages.

The basic forms of the cross are the Latin cross with unequal arms and the Greek cross with equal arms; there are numerous variants, partly with confessional significance—such as the tau cross, the double-barred cross, triple-barred cross, and cross-and-crosslets—and many heraldic variants, such as the cross potent, cross pattée, and cross moline, cross fleury.
Kevin Marks
Kevin Marks is on the Advisory Council of the Open Rights Group, a UK-based Digital Rights campaigning organization and is an Open Web Advocate. He is one of the founders  of Microformats.

Marks was listed at #13 in The Daily Telegraph's 50 most influential Britons in Technology.

TechCrunch
TechCrunch is an American global online newspaper focusing on topics regarding high-tech and startup companies. It was founded in June 2005 by Archimedes Ventures, led by partners Michael Arrington and Keith Teare. In 2010, AOL acquired the company for approximately $25 million. Following the 2015 acquisition of AOL and Yahoo! by Verizon, the site was owned by Verizon Media from 2015 through 2021.

In 2021, Verizon sold its media assets, including AOL, Yahoo!, and TechCrunch, to the private equity firm Apollo Global Management. Apollo integrated them into a new entity called Yahoo! Inc. In addition to its news reporting, TechCrunch is also known for its annual Disrupt conference, a technology event hosted in several cities across the United States, Europe, and China.
Middlesex Downs, New Jersey
Middlesex Downs is an unincorporated community located within Monroe Township in Middlesex County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The wholly residential settlement contains small homes along Dey Grove Road and Bergen Mills Road with larger homes in developments towards the south. The township-owned James Monroe Memorial Park is also located in this settlement. Much of the area to the north of Dey Grove Road consists of forest land but at one time this was planned to become a large planned community arranged in a street grid. The small property parcels and paper streets remain on township tax maps today.

Map
A map is a symbolic depiction of interrelationships, commonly spatial, between things within a space. A map may be annotated with text and graphics. Like any graphic, a map may be fixed to paper or other durable media, or may be displayed on a transitory medium such as a computer screen. Some maps change interactively. Although maps are commonly used to depict geographic elements, they may represent any space, real or fictional. The subject being mapped may be two-dimensional such as Earth's surface, three-dimensional such as Earth's interior, or from an abstract space of any dimension.

Maps of geographic territory have a very long tradition and have existed from ancient times. The word "map" comes from the medieval Latin: Mappa mundi, wherein mappa meant 'napkin' or 'cloth' and mundi 'of the world'. Thus, "map" became a shortened term referring to a flat representation of Earth's surface.
King's Food Host
King's Food Host was a fast food chain restaurant that operated in the United States from 1955–1974. It was founded in Lincoln, Nebraska by Larry and Esther Price and James King. At its peak, King's operated 150 stores across 17 midwestern states and Manitoba, often near universities.

Chain store
A chain store or retail chain is a retail outlet in which several locations share a brand, central management, and standardized business practices. They have come to dominate many retail markets, dining markets, and service categories in many parts of the world. A franchised retail establishment is one form of a chain store.  In 2005, the world's largest retail chain, Walmart, became the world's largest corporation based on gross sales.
Michel Herbillon
Michel Herbillon (born 6 March 1951) is a French politician who has represented the 8th constituency of the Val-de-Marne department in the National Assembly since 1997.

A member of The Republicans (LR), formerly the Union for a Popular Movement (UMP), he previously held a seat in the General Council of Val-de-Marne from 1989 to 1998, elected in the canton of Maisons-Alfort-Sud, as well as the mayorship of Maisons-Alfort from 1992 until 2017.

Departmental council (France)
The departmental councils (French: conseils départementaux [kɔ̃sɛj depaʁtəmɑ̃to]; singular, conseil départemental [kɔ̃sɛj depaʁtəmɑ̃tal]) of France are representative assemblies elected by universal suffrage in 98 of the country's 101 departments. Prior to the 2015 French departmental elections they were known as general councils (conseils généraux; singular, conseil général).
Ukraine at the 1999 Summer Universiade
Ukraine competed at the 1999 Summer Universiade in Palma de Mallorca, Spain, from 3 to 13 July 1999. Ukraine women's basketball team finished 4th, men's football team finished 11th, and women's volleyball team finished 13th. Ukraine did not compete in water polo.

Palma de Mallorca
Palma, also known as Palma de Mallorca (officially between 1983–1988, 2006–2008, and 2012–2016), is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of the Balearic Islands in Spain. It is situated on the south coast of Mallorca on the Bay of Palma. With a population of 438,234 as of 2024, it is the 8th-largest city in Spain.

The Cabrera Archipelago, though widely separated from Palma proper, is part of the municipality.
Xi Arietis
Xi Arietis is a binary star system in the northern constellation of Aries. Its name is a Bayer designation that is Latinized from ξ Arietis, and abbreviated Xi Ari or ξ Ari. This system has an apparent visual magnitude of 5.46, and so is dimly visible to the naked eye. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 3.74±0.29 mas as seen from Earth, it is 770 ± 30 light-years (236.1 ± 9.2 parsecs) distant from the Sun. At that distance, the visual magnitude is diminished by an extinction factor of 0.24 due to interstellar dust. The proximity of this system to the ecliptic means it is subject to lunar occultations.

This is a double-lined spectroscopic binary. The spectrum matches a stellar classification of B7 IV, which suggests a subgiant star that has exhausted the supply of hydrogen at its core and is in the process of evolving into a giant star. Xi Arietis was once a designation for Psi Ceti (ψ Cet, ψ Ceti), and was later recognized to be a duplicate by Bayer.

Giant star
A giant star has a substantially larger radius and luminosity than a main-sequence (or dwarf) star of the same surface temperature. They lie above the main sequence (luminosity class V in the Yerkes spectral classification) on the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram and correspond to luminosity classes II and III. The terms giant and dwarf were coined for stars of quite different luminosity despite similar temperature or spectral type (namely K and M) by Ejnar Hertzsprung in 1905 or 1906.

Giant stars have radii up to a few hundred times the Sun and luminosities over 10  times that of the Sun. Stars still more luminous than giants are referred to as supergiants and hypergiants.

A hot, luminous main-sequence star may also be referred to as a giant, but any main-sequence star is properly called a dwarf, regardless of how large and luminous it is.
Nazi persecution of the Catholic Church in Germany
The Roman Catholic Church suffered persecution in Nazi Germany. The Nazis claimed jurisdiction over all collective and social activity. Clergy were watched closely, and frequently denounced, arrested and sent to Nazi concentration camps. Welfare institutions were interfered with or transferred to state control. Catholic schools, press, trade unions, political parties and youth leagues were eradicated. Anti-Catholic propaganda and "morality" trials were staged. Monasteries and convents were targeted for expropriation. Prominent Catholic lay leaders were murdered, and thousands of Catholic activists were arrested.

In all, an estimated one third of German priests faced some form of reprisal in Nazi Germany and 400 German priests were sent to the dedicated Priest Barracks of Dachau Concentration Camp. Of the 2,720 clergy imprisoned at Dachau from Germany and occupied territories, 2,579 (or 94.88%) were Catholic.

Otto Neururer
Otto Neururer (25 March 1882 – 30 May 1940) was an Austrian Roman Catholic priest and was the first priest to die in a Nazi concentration camp. Neururer did his studies for the priesthood in Brixen before he served as a teacher and pastor in several cities before settling in 1932 in Götzens near Innsbruck. He was arrested in 1938 for attempting to persuade a girl not to be wed to a man of questionable morals and was sent to Dachau before being transferred to Buchenwald where he died after being hanged upside down, nailed to a tree, practically crucified. As he was "crucified" he did not scream, but instead prayed silently. He was left there for 36 hours and then killed by Nazi guard Martin Sommer. Otto Neururer was later beatified.

Neururer's beatification was celebrated on 24 November 1996 based on the fact that he died as a result of "odium fidei" (the hatred of the faith).
Zimsar
Zimsar (Persian: زيمسار, also Romanized as Zīmsār) is a village in Tulem Rural District, Tulem District, Sowme'eh Sara County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2016 census, its population was 348, in 127 families. Up from 304 in 2006.

Sowme'eh Sara County
Sowme'eh Sara County (Persian: شهرستان صومعه‌سرا) is in Gilan province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Sowme'eh Sara. The county is in the west of Gilan and is surrounded by Fuman County, Masal County, and Bandar-e Anzali County.
Arnold Gedye
Arnold Ernest Gedye (23 February 1887 – 31 December 1976) was a New Zealand cricketer. He played in two first-class matches for Wellington during the 1919–20 season. His son Graham Gedye played Test cricket for New Zealand in the 1960s.

Gedye was born at Auckland in 1887 and played cricket in the city for Parnell Cricket Club where he was considered a promising batsman. He worked for the New Zealand Railways Department and was transferred to the Wellington area in 1919. In Wellington he played club cricket for Petone Cricket Club and played in two first-class matches in January 1920. On debut against Canterbury at the Basin Reserve he made scores of one and 17, before scoring three and eight against Auckland at Eden Park later in the month.

After moving back to Auckland during the 1920s, Gedye played club cricket for Ellerslie, scoring a double century in league cricket during the 1926–27 season. He died in the city in 1976 at the age of 89.

New Zealand Railways Department
The New Zealand Railways Department, NZR or NZGR (New Zealand Government Railways) and often known as the "Railways", was a government department charged with owning and maintaining New Zealand's railway infrastructure and operating the railway system. The department was created in 1880 and was corporatised on 1 April 1982 into the New Zealand Railways Corporation. Originally, railway construction and operation took place under the auspices of the former provincial governments and some private railways, before all of the provincial operations came under the central Public Works Department. The role of operating the rail network was subsequently separated from that of the network's construction. From 1895 to 1993 there was a responsible Minister, the Minister of Railways. He was often also the Minister of Public Works.

Apart from four brief experiments with independent boards, NZR remained under direct ministerial control for most of its history.
Mike Goodson
Michael Darryl Goodson Jr. (born May 23, 1987) is an American former professional football player who was a running back in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Texas A&M Aggies. Goodson was selected by the Carolina Panthers in the fourth round of the 2009 NFL draft. He also played for the Oakland Raiders and the New York Jets.

Texas A&M Aggies football
The Texas A&M Aggies football program represents Texas A&M University in the sport of American football.  The Aggies compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Western Division of the Southeastern Conference (SEC).  Texas A&M football claims three national titles and 18 conference titles. The team plays all home games at Kyle Field, a 102,733-person capacity outdoor stadium on the university campus.
Basics of white flower colouration
White flower colour is related to the absence or reduction of the anthocyanidin content. Unlike other colors, white colour is not induced by pigments. Several white plant tissues are principally equipped with the complete machinery for anthocyanin biosynthesis including the expression of regulatory genes. Nevertheless, they are unable to accumulate red or blue pigments, for example Dahlia ´Seattle´ petals showing a white tip. Several studies have revealed a further reduction of the anthocyanidin to colorless epicatechin by the enzyme anthocyanidin reductase (ANR).

Pigment
A pigment is a chemical compound that gives a substance or organism color, or is used by humans to add or alter color or change visual appearance. Pigments are completely or nearly insoluble and chemically unreactive in water or another medium; in contrast, dyes are colored substances which are soluble or go into solution at some stage in their use. Dyes are often organic compounds whereas pigments are often inorganic. Pigments of prehistoric and historic value include ochre, charcoal, and lapis lazuli. Biological pigments are compounds produced by living organisms that provide coloration.
Juravenator
Juravenator is a genus of tetanuran theropod dinosaur which lived about 152 or 151 million years ago in modern day Franconian Jura of Germany (Torleite Formation) during the Late Jurassic. It is known from a single, juvenile specimen measuring about 75 cm (2.46 ft) in length.

Franconian Jura
The Franconian Jura (German: Fränkische Alb [ˈfʁɛŋkɪʃə ˈʔalp] ⓘ, Fränkischer Jura, Frankenalb or Frankenjura) is an upland in Franconia, Bavaria, Germany. Located between two rivers, the Danube in the south and the Main in the north, its peaks reach elevations of up to 600 metres (2,000 ft) and it has an area of some 7053.8 km2.  It is part of the Table Jura (Tafeljura).

Large portions of the Franconian Jura are part of the Altmühl Valley Nature Park. The scenic meanders and gorges formed by the river Altmühl draw tourists to visit the region.

Geologically, the Franconian Jura is the eastern continuation of the Swabian Jura. The mountain chains are separated from each other by the impact crater of the Nördlinger Ries.

The northern part of the Franconian Jura is known as Franconian Switzerland (German: Fränkische Schweiz).
Adam Mickiewicz Monument, Gorzów Wielkopolski
The Adam Mickiewicz monument in Gorzów Wielkopolski is a notable Gorzów Wielkopolski statue, located near a cross of Lwów Eaglets Street and Władysław Sikorski Street. The monument was designed by Józef Gosławski.

Gorzów Wielkopolski
Gorzów Wielkopolski (Polish pronunciation: [ˈɡɔʐuv vjɛlkɔˈpɔlskʲi] ⓘ), often abbreviated to Gorzów Wlkp. or simply Gorzów (formerly Landsberg an der Warthe), is a city in western Poland, located on the Warta River. It is one of the two principal cities and seats of the Lubusz Voivodeship, with a population of 114,567 as of 30 June 2024.

The city has a history dating back to the 13th century and serves as a cultural, economic, and industrial hub in the region. Gorzów Wielkopolski is home to several historical landmarks, green spaces, and educational institutions, and is known for its strong tradition in speedway racing.

Around Gorzów, there are two large forest areas: Gorzów Woods to the north, where the Barlinek-Gorzów Landscape Park is situated, and Noteć Woods to the southeast. The biggest oil fields in Poland are located near Gorzów.
George W. Gushue
George W. Gushue was a politician in Newfoundland. He represented Trinity in the Newfoundland House of Assembly from 1894 to 1897 and from 1900 to 1909.

Gushue was elected to the Newfoundland assembly in an 1894 by-election but was defeated when he ran for reelection in 1897. Gushue was reelected in 1900, 1904 and 1908. From 1900 to 1907, he served as Minister of Public Works, but was not a member of the cabinet. He was defeated when he ran for reelection in 1909. After leaving politics, he was manager of the stationery department at the Reid Newfoundland Company.

Gushue's Bridge in Georgetown was named in his honour and some sources say that Georgetown was also named after him.

Reid Newfoundland Company
The Reid Newfoundland Company was incorporated in September 1901 and was the operator of the Newfoundland Railway across the island from 1901 to 1923. For a time it was the largest landowner in the Dominion of Newfoundland, today the modern Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. The company was founded by Sir Robert Gillespie Reid of Scotland, a businessman who had interests in the development of the pulp and paper industry and mining industry. The company was also the owner and operator of the coastal boat service, known as the Alphabet Fleet, the telegraph line and the electrical service in St. John's.