hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
James Whittall
James Whittall was a 19th-century taipan of Jardine Matheson & Co. and member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong.

Whittall was appointed an unofficial member in Legislative Council in 1864. After John Dent resigned in 1867, he became the Senior Unofficial Member. He went on leave later that year, and William Keswick held the seat for him until 1872. Whittall remained an unofficial member in the Legislative Council until he resigned in 1875, and Keswick replaced him again.

Whittall was heavily involved with Jardine Matheson & Co.; the silk trade company in Japan during a time with strong foreign trade restriction.

William Keswick
William Keswick (15 April 1834 – 9 March 1912) was a British Conservative politician and businessman, patriarch of the Keswick family, an influential shipping family in Hong Kong associated with Jardine Matheson Holdings.
Index of civil engineering articles
This is an alphabetical list of articles pertaining specifically to civil engineering. For a broad overview of engineering, please see List of engineering topics. For biographies please see List of civil engineers.

Factor of safety
In engineering, a factor of safety (FoS) or safety factor (SF) expresses how much stronger a system is than it needs to be for its specified maximum load. Safety factors are often calculated using detailed analysis because comprehensive testing is impractical on many projects, such as bridges and buildings, but the structure's ability to carry a load must be determined to a reasonable accuracy.
Many systems are intentionally built much stronger than needed for normal usage to allow for emergency situations, unexpected loads, misuse, or degradation (reliability).

Margin of safety (MoS or MS) is a related measure, expressed as a relative change.
Mount Grant (British Columbia)
Mount Grant is a 2,180-metre (7,150-foot) mountain summit located in the Canadian Cascades of southwestern British Columbia, Canada. It is situated 12 km (7 mi) southeast of Hope, and 15 km (9 mi) northwest of Silvertip Mountain. The peak was first climbed June 15, 1951, by Paul Binkert, John Booth, Dick Chambers, Jim Irving, Don Montgomery, and Jim Teevan. The peak was named for Captain John M. Grant of the Royal Engineers by Fred Beckey in his Cascade Alpine Guide. Precipitation runoff from the peak drains into tributaries of the Fraser River.

Silvertip Mountain
Silvertip Mountain is a 2,596 m (8,517 ft) summit in the Canadian Cascades south of Hope, British Columbia. It lies on the northern boundary of Skagit Valley Provincial Park. With a prominence of 1,871 m (6,138 ft), it is one of the fifty most prominent peaks in Canada. The mountain's toponym was officially adopted on December 2, 1948, by the Geographical Names Board of Canada. The peak was first climbed in 1908 by a Boundary Survey party.
Patellar plexus
The patellar plexus is a nerve plexus within the subcutaneous tissue overlying and surrounding the patella and ligamentum patellae. It is a fine network of communicating nerve fibres.

It is formed by the anterior division of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve, terminal branches of the intermediate femoral cutaneous nerve, terminal branches of the medial femoral cutaneous nerve, and the infrapatellar branch of saphenous nerve.

Saphenous nerve
The saphenous nerve (long or internal saphenous nerve) is the largest cutaneous branch of the femoral nerve. It is derived from the lumbar plexus (L3-L4). It is a strictly sensory nerve, and has no motor function. It commences in the proximal (upper) thigh and travels along the adductor canal. Upon exiting the adductor canal, the saphenous nerve terminates by splitting into two terminal branches: the sartorial nerve, and the infrapatellar nerve (which together innervate the medial, anteromedial, posteromedial aspects of the distal thigh). The saphenous nerve is responsible for providing sensory innervation to the skin of the anteromedial leg.
Don't Call Me Angel
"Don't Call Me Angel" is a song by American singers Ariana Grande, Miley Cyrus, and Lana Del Rey. It was released on September 13, 2019, by Republic Records as the lead single from the soundtrack to the film Charlie's Angels, based on the television series of the same name created by Ivan Goff and Ben Roberts. The song reached number one in Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Lebanon, Scotland and Israel, as well as the top five in eleven other countries.

Ilya Salmanzadeh
Ilya Salmanzadeh (Persian: ایلیا سلمان‌زاده; /sɑːlmənˈzɑːdə/; born 19 September 1986), known mononymously as Ilya, is an Iranian-born Swedish songwriter, producer, and singer. He rose to prominence outside of Sweden after co-writing and producing Ariana Grande's hit single "Problem" for her second studio album My Everything (2014). He is a six-time Grammy Awards nominee, including three nominations for Album of the Year: Thank U, Next (2020), Justice (Triple Chucks Deluxe) (2022), Special (2023).
Airport Market station
Airport Market station (Korean: 공항시장역; Hanja: 空港市場驛) is a subway station on Line 9 of the Seoul Metropolitan Subway, located in Gonghang-dong, Gangseo District, Seoul. The station's name is derived from the nearby Airport Market, located in Gonghang-dong, in connection with nearby Gimpo International Airport. However, the nearby Airport Market is small in scale.

Gonghang-dong
Gonghang-dong (Korean: 공항동) is a dong (neighborhood) of Gangseo District, Seoul, South Korea. The name gonghang literally means "airport", which is due to Gimpo International Airport located in the area.

Korean Air's headquarters, Korean Airport Service, Ltd., and Air Total Service are located in Gonghang-dong.

In addition, the former headquarters of the Aviation and Railway Accident Investigation Board is in Gonghang-dong. The facility once housed the headquarters of the predecessor agency Korea Aviation Accident Investigation Board. The headquarters of the ARAIB agency are now in Sejong City.
Limnobacter
Limnobacter is a genus of Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, aerobic, oxidase- and catalase-positive, motile bacteria with a single polar flagellum, of the family Burkholderiaceae and class Betaproteobacteria. Limnobacter species have the ability to oxidize thiosulfate.

Burkholderiaceae
The Burkholderiaceae are a family of bacteria included in the order Burkholderiales. It includes some pathogenic species, such as Burkholderia mallei (glanders) and Burkholderia pseudomallei (melioidosis). This family was found to be enriched in scale-eating pupfish (Cyprinodon desquamator) guts, even after being fed a common laboratory diet, suggesting it may aid in scale-digestion (Heras and Martin 2022).
History of radio receivers
Radio waves were first identified in German physicist Heinrich Hertz's 1887 series of experiments to prove James Clerk Maxwell's electromagnetic theory. Hertz used spark-excited dipole antennas to generate the waves and micrometer spark gaps attached to dipole and loop antennas to detect them.  These precursor radio receivers were primitive devices, more accurately described as radio wave "sensors" or "detectors", as they could only receive radio waves within about 100 feet of the transmitter, and were not used for communication but instead as laboratory instruments in scientific experiments and engineering demonstrations.

Transformer types
Various types of electrical transformer are made for different purposes. Despite their design differences, the various types employ the same basic principle as discovered in 1831 by Michael Faraday, and share several key functional parts.
Alessandri Altarpiece
The Alessandri Altarpiece is a tempera on panel painting by Filippo Lippi, also known as Saint Lawrence Enthroned Between Saints Cosmas and Damian and Donors and Saint Lawrence Enthroned with Saints and Donors. It is now in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York.

The dating is uncertain - most art critics place it between the mid 1440s and the early 1450s, though some hypothesize it may have been a family gift to Ginevra degli Alessandri on her marriage to Giovanni di Cosimo de' Medici on 20 January 1453. The work is originally thought to have consisted of a single panel, later divided up and finally restored into its present form as a triptych by Federico Zeri in 1971 by repainting vast areas at the base of the panel and Lawrence's legs. Another kneeling figure is almost completely lost and other parts of the painted surface are damaged or lost.

Triptych
A triptych (/ˈtrɪptɪk/ TRIP-tik) is a work of art (usually a panel painting) that is divided into three sections, or three carved panels that are hinged together and can be folded shut or displayed open. It is therefore a type of polyptych, the term for all multi-panel works. The middle panel is typically the largest and flanked by two smaller related works, although there are triptychs of equal-sized panels. The form can also be used for pendant jewelry.

Beyond its usual meaning in the visual arts, the term is sometimes used as a title or descriptive term in other arts media such as music or the performing arts for works with three parts.
Pahalgam Assembly constituency
Pahalgam Assembly constituency is one of the 90 constituencies in the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir, a northern Union Territory of India. Pahalgam is also part of Anantnag-Rajouri Lok Sabha constituency.

Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly
The Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly (Dogri: 𑠑𑠢𑠹𑠢𑠰 𑠙𑠳 𑠊𑠧𑠹𑠢𑠮𑠤 𑠊𑠺𑠝𑠰𑠝 𑠀𑠩𑠳𑠷𑠠𑠥𑠮 (in Dogri)); (Kashmiri: جۆم تہٕ کٔشیٖر مَجلِسہِ قۄنوٗن سٲزی (in Perso-Arabic), 𑆘𑆾𑇌𑆩𑇀 𑆠 𑆑𑆯𑆵𑆫𑇀 𑆩𑆘𑇀𑆬𑆴𑆱𑇀-𑆅 𑆑𑇊𑆾𑇋𑆳𑆤𑆷𑆤𑇀 𑆱𑆃𑆘𑇊𑆵 (in Sharada)) is the unicameral legislature of Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly is the legislative arm of the Government of Jammu and Kashmir. At present, it consists of 95 members, directly elected from 95 constituencies. The tenure of the Legislative Assembly is five years unless dissolved sooner.

Prior to 2019, the State of Jammu and Kashmir had a bicameral legislature with a legislative assembly (lower house) and a legislative council (upper house). The Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, passed by the Parliament of India in August 2019, replaced this with a unicameral legislature while also re-organising the state into a union territory. The current 13th assembly was elected in September and October 2024.
Kazi family of Churulia
Kazi family is a cultural family of the Indian subcontinent. Originating from Churulia in present-day West Bengal, India, the history of this family spans approximately two hundred years. Many members of this family have been prominent figures in the fields of commerce, literature, and music.

Khilkhil Kazi
Khilkhil Kazi is a Bangladeshi singer. She is the daughter of elocutionist Kazi Sabyasachi and Uma Kazi, and granddaughter of Kazi Nazrul Islam, the national poet of Bangladesh. She was awarded Nazrul Award 2013 by the Nazrul Institute.
Correspondent lender
A correspondent lender originates, and unlike a mortgage broker, underwrites, and funds mortgage loan using their own funds. The initial loan is usually made in the name of the correspondent lender, and then after closing, the loan is either sold to a larger primary lender or on the secondary mortgage market.

Many smaller credit unions make home loans as correspondents, selling the loan once the mortgage is complete. Some banks act like as correspondents, making mortgages in their own name, but later selling those notes to a larger institution. Correspondent lenders may, in some cases, continue to service the loan, keeping the loan in their name, while collecting a fee from the primary lender who now holds the note.

Correspondent lenders usually underwrite their loans according to the guidelines of the larger lender, allowing for the loan to be sold quickly.

Loan origination
Loan origination is the process by which a borrower applies for a new loan, and a lender processes that application. Origination generally includes all the steps from taking a loan application up to disbursal of funds (or declining the application). For mortgages, there is a specific mortgage origination process. Loan servicing covers everything after disbursing the funds until the loan is fully paid off. Loan origination is a specialized version of new account opening for financial services organizations. Certain people and organizations specialize in loan origination.  Mortgage brokers and other mortgage originator companies serve as a prominent example.

There are many different types of loans. For more information on loan types, see the loan and consumer lending articles. Steps involved in originating a loan vary by loan type, various kinds of loan risk, regulator, lender policy etc.
Heimbach (Nahe)
Heimbach (German pronunciation: [ˈhaɪmbax] ⓘ) is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Birkenfeld district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Baumholder, whose seat is in the like-named town.

Birkenfeld
Birkenfeld (German pronunciation: [ˈbɪʁkn̩fɛlt] ⓘ) is a town and the district seat of the Birkenfeld district in southwest Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is also the seat of the like-named Verbandsgemeinde. The town itself has approximately 7,000 inhabitants.
2019 Philadelphia Fusion season
The 2019 Philadelphia Fusion season was the second season of the Philadelphia Fusion's existence in the Overwatch League and their first under co-head coaches Go Se-hwi and Elliot Hayes. They entered the season looking to bounce back after their 2018 Grand Finals loss to the London Spitfire.

The Fusion had a solid Stage 1 performance, finishing the stage with a 5–2 record and making it to the Stage 1 Playoffs, but they lost in the semifinals to the San Francisco Shock. After posting 3–4 and 4–3 records for Stage 2 and Stage 3, respectively, Philadelphia failed to qualify any other stage playoffs. A 3–1 victory over the Seoul Dynasty in their final regular season match gave the Fusion a 15–13 season record and qualified them for the Play-In Tournament. Philadelphia fell 2–4 to the Shanghai Dragons in the first round of the tournament, ending their hope of qualifying for the season playoffs.

San Francisco Shock
The San Francisco Shock are an American professional Overwatch esports team based in San Francisco, California. The Shock competed in the Overwatch League (OWL) as a member of the league's West region. Founded in 2017, the San Francisco Shock was one of the twelve founding members of the OWL and was one of three professional Overwatch teams in California. The team is owned by Andy Miller, co-owner of the Sacramento Kings and NRG Esports. In their time with the OWL, the Shock won three midseason tournament titles, qualified for four season playoffs, reached the Grand Finals three times, and won back-to-back Grand Finals, making them one of the most accomplished franchise in Overwatch League history.
Pakistan Billiards and Snooker Federation
The Pakistan Billiards and Snooker Federation is the national governing body to develop and promote the sports of snooker and billiards in Pakistan. The Federation was formed in 1958.

The Federation is affiliated with the Pakistan Sports Board. and it is a member of the International Billiards and Snooker Federation.

International Billiards and Snooker Federation
The International Billiards & Snooker Federation (IBSF) is an organisation that governs non-professional snooker and English billiards around the world. As of January 2020, the organisation is headquartered in Doha, Qatar.
James Gadderar
James Gadderar (1655–1733) was a clergyman of the Scottish Episcopal Church. Previously a minister at Kilmaurs, he was consecrated a college bishop on 24 February 1712 by Bishop George Hickes (i.e. a bishop without a diocese.) In November 1721 he traveled to Aberdeen and acted as Bishop Archibald Campbell's vicar-depute. Gadderar supported the practice of primitive 'usages' in the diocese, which brought him into a dispute with the College of Bishops at Edinburgh. After the resignation of Bishop Archibald Campbell in 1725, he was made Bishop of Aberdeen, remaining there until his death.

College bishop
In the early days of the Scottish Episcopal Church, college bishops were men who were consecrated bishops in order to maintain apostolic succession but (extraordinarily) not appointed to any episcopal see. Fourteen such men were consecrated, eight of whom were later appointed to Scottish sees.
Sheikh Fazl-allah Nouri Expressway
Sheikh Fazlollah Nouri Expressway starts from the end of Tehran-Karaj Freeway. It passes Bakeri Expressway, Shahid Sattari Expressway, Mohammad Ali Jenah Expressway, Yadegar-e-Emam Expressway, Jalal-e-Ale Ahmad Expressway, Resalat Expressway and Hemmat Expressway and reaches Sanat Square in West Town.

Mohammad Ali Jenah Expressway
Mohammad Ali Jenah Expressway is a short expressway in Tehran, Iran. It connects Second Sadeghiye Square to Azadi Square. The expressway is named after the founder and first Governor General of Pakistan  Muhammad Ali Jinnah.
Campo Indian Reservation
The Campo Indian Reservation is home to the Campo Band of Diegueño Mission Indians, also known as the Campo Kumeyaay Nation, a federally recognized tribe of Kumeyaay people in the southern Laguna Mountains, in eastern San Diego County, California. The reservation was founded in 1893 and is 16,512 acres (66.82 km2).

The reservation can be found "in the southeastern San Diego County atop the Laguna Mountains". Originally, the location was set on 710 acres in 1893. 80 acres were added in the winter of 1907, and another 13,610 acres were added in 1911. "All land on Campo is tribal-owned land; there are presently no allotments or assignments".  The Campo Valley was known as Meelqsh G'tay (or big open meadow) in Kumeyaay language, and was known by its Hispanicized name as "Milguatay".

Laguna Mountains
The Laguna Mountains are a mountain range of the Peninsular Ranges in eastern San Diego County, California. The mountains run in a northwest/southeast alignment for approximately 35 miles (56 km).

The mountains have long been inhabited by the indigenous Kumeyaay people.
DjVu
DjVu is a computer file format designed primarily to store scanned documents, especially those containing a combination of text, line drawings, indexed color images, and photographs. It uses technologies such as image layer separation of text and background/images, progressive loading, arithmetic coding, and lossy compression for bitonal (monochrome) images. This allows high-quality, readable images to be stored in a minimum of space, so that they can be made available on the web.

DjVu has been promoted as providing smaller files than PDF for most scanned documents. The DjVu developers report that color magazine pages compress to 40–70 kB, black-and-white technical papers compress to 15–40 kB, and ancient manuscripts compress to around 100 kB; a satisfactory JPEG image typically requires 500 kB. Like PDF, DjVu can contain an OCR text layer, making it easy to perform copy and paste and text search operations.

Open file format
An open file format is a file format for storing digital data, defined by an openly published specification usually maintained by a standards organization, and which can be used and implemented by anyone. An open file format is licensed with an open license.

For example, an open format can be implemented by both proprietary and free and open-source software, using the typical software licenses used by each. In contrast to open file formats, closed file formats are considered trade secrets.

Depending on the definition, the specification of an open format may require a fee to access or, very rarely, contain other restrictions. The range of meanings is similar to that of the term open standard.
1993 Blockbuster Bowl
The 1993 Blockbuster Bowl game was a post-season college football bowl game between the Stanford Cardinal and the Penn State Nittany Lions played on January 1, 1993, at Joe Robbie Stadium in Miami Gardens, Florida. It was the third edition of the bowl game, and a Bowl Coalition game.

The legendary status of both head coaches was the pregame focus—Penn State's Joe Paterno was attempting to get his 15th bowl game win, and Stanford's Bill Walsh had won three Super Bowls with the San Francisco 49ers—but the game itself was dominated by Stanford, which scored on its first possession and led the entire game, winning 24–3.

Bowl Coalition
The College Football Bowl Coalition was formed through an agreement among NCAA Division I-A college football bowl games and conferences for the purpose of better scheduling a national championship game between the top two teams and to provide quality bowl game matchups for the champions of its member conferences. It was established for the 1992 season after there were co-national champions for both 1990 and 1991. The agreement was in place for the 1992, 1993, and 1994 college football seasons. It was the predecessor of the Bowl Alliance (1995–1997), and later the Bowl Championship Series (1998–2013) and the College Football Playoff (2014–present).
Gutiérrez Zamora
Gutiérrez Zamora is a city in the Mexican state of Veracruz. Gutiérrez Zamora is bordered by Papantla, Tuxpan, Poza Rica and Coatzintla, and it is served by both the railway and Federal Highways 180 and 190.

It was named in honour of  Manuel Gutiérrez Zamora, a native of the port of Veracruz who served as  governor of the state in the mid-19th century.

Tuxpan
Tuxpan (or Túxpam, fully Túxpam de Rodríguez Cano, for Enrique Rodríguez Cano) is both a municipality and city located in the Mexican state of Veracruz. The population of the city was 89,557 and of the municipality was 154,600 inhabitants, according to the INEGI census of 2020, residing in a total area of 1,051.89 km2 (406.14 sq mi). The municipality includes many smaller outlying communities, the largest of which are Alto Lucero (20,380 inhabitants) and Santiago de la Peña (8,178 inhabitants). A local beachside community is also nearby.

In the 1870s, a small colony of some hundreds of former Confederate (Southern U.S.) officers, soldiers and diplomats was established.
Beenleigh Rum
Beenleigh Rum is among Australia's oldest brands of rum. It is produced at the heritage-listed Beenleigh Rum Distillery in the suburb of Eagleby (formerly part of Beenleigh) in the City of Logan, Queensland. Beenleigh Rum is 100 per cent Australian-made from local and imported ingredients and is available in 700 ml Dark Rum aged for 5 years, 700 ml White Rum and 700 ml Honey Liqueur Dark. All rum grades are fermented from Queensland molasses.

The distillery was developed to include a blending hall, bottling plant, warehouse and administration facilities, as well as a bar and restaurant. It is located on the banks of the Albert River and is a landmark on the river flats in the area.

Albert River (South East Queensland)
The Albert River is a perennial river in the South East region of Queensland, Australia. Its catchment lies within the Gold Coast and Scenic Rim Region local government areas and covers an area of 782 square kilometres (302 sq mi). The river provides potable water for the town of Beaudesert.