hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Turkish copula
The Turkish copula is one of the more distinct features of Turkish grammar. In Turkish, copulas are called ek-eylem (pronounced [ec ˈejlæm]) or ek-fiil (pronounced [ec fiˈil]) ('suffix-verb'). Turkish is a highly agglutinative language and copulas are rendered as suffixes, albeit with a few exceptions.

Grammatical person
In linguistics, a grammatical person distinguishes between deictic references to one or more participants in an event. Typically, the distinction is between the speaker (first person), the addressee (second person), and others (third person). A language's set of pronouns is typically defined by grammatical persons. First person includes the speaker (English: I, we), second person is the person or people spoken to (English: your or you), and third person includes all that are not listed above (English: he, she, it, they). It also frequently affects verbs, and sometimes nouns or possessive relationships.
George A. Zentmyer
George Aubrey Zentmyer, Jr. (August 9, 1913 – February 8, 2003) was an American plant physiologist and professor emeritus at University of California, Riverside. He was known as one of the world's foremost authorities on Phytophthora.

American Phytopathological Society
The American Phytopathological Society (APS) is an international scientific organization devoted to the study of plant diseases (phytopathology). APS promotes the advancement of modern concepts in the science of plant pathology and in plant health management in agricultural, urban and forest settings.

The Society has nearly 5,000 plant pathologists and scientists worldwide. It is the oldest and largest organization of its type in the world.  It is also a member of the International Society for Plant Pathology.

APS provides information on the latest developments and research advances in plant health science through its journals and its publishing arm, APS Press.

APS advocates and participates in the exchange of plant health information with public policy makers and the larger scientific community, and it provides advice on education and training.
Angermund
Angermund (German pronunciation: [ˈaŋɐmʊnt]) is an urban quarter of Düsseldorf, part of Borough 5. Angermund is the northernmost part of Düsseldorf, neighbouring to Kalkum, Kaiserswerth, Ratingen and Duisburg. Having the second largest income in Düsseldorf, it provides a home to many corporate managers and foreign, mainly American, British and Dutch employees. Angermund has an area of 13.29 km2 (5.13 sq mi), and 6,746 inhabitants (2020), population density 506 inhabitants per km2.

Borough 5 (Düsseldorf)
Borough 5 (German: Stadtbezirk 5) is a northern borough of Düsseldorf, the state capital of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Düsseldorf's International Airport is located in the borough. It is the largest borough by land area, but also the least populated. The borough covers an area of 50.75 square kilometres and (as of December 2020) has about 34,500 inhabitants.

Stadtbezirk 5 borders with the Düsseldorf boroughs 1 and 6 to the South, and - via a shared border across the Rhine - borough 4 to the South-West. To the West - also across the Rhine - it borders with Rhein-Kreis Neuss. Further it shares borders with the city of Duisburg to the North, and Kreis Mettmann to the East.
Amenhotep (20th dynasty High Priest of Amun)
Amenhotep was the High Priest of Amun towards the end of the Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt, serving under Ramesses IX, Ramesses X and Ramesses XI. He was the son of Ramessesnakht, the previous high priest of Amun. It is not beyond dispute who succeeded him in office. For a long time it was assumed that he was followed by the High Priest Herihor. However, Karl Jansen-Winkeln has suggested that Amenhotep was instead succeeded by the High Priest Piankh. 
We know the names of several of his brothers and a sister:

his (eldest?) brother, the prophet of Amun Meribast II

his brother, the Chief Steward Usimarenakth II

his sister Aatmeret I

his brother, the Second Prophet of Amun Nesamun I (see below)

Ramesses IX
Neferkare Setepenre Ramesses IX (also written Ramses)  (originally named Amon-her-khepshef Khaemwaset) (ruled 1128-1110 BC) or 1129–1111 BC) was the eighth pharaoh of the Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt.

He was the third longest serving king of this Dynasty after Ramesses III and Ramesses XI. His throne name, Neferkare Setepenre, means "Beautiful Is The Soul of Re, Chosen of Re." Ramesses IX is believed to be the son of Mentuherkhepeshef, a son of Ramesses III, since Mentuherkhopshef's wife, the lady Takhat bears the prominent title of King's Mother on the walls of tomb KV10, which she usurped and reused in the late 20th Dynasty; no other 20th Dynasty king is known to have had a mother with this name. Ramesses IX was, therefore, probably a grandson of Ramesses III.
Amazon and trade unions
Warehouse workers of Amazon, the largest American e-commerce retailer with 750,000 employees, have organized for workplace improvements in light of the company's scrutinized labor practices and stance against unions. Worker actions have included work stoppages, and have won concessions including increased pay, safety precautions, and time off. There are unionized Amazon workers in the United States, Italy and Japan with further unionization activity elsewhere in Europe.

In April 2022, Amazon workers at the JFK8 warehouse in Staten Island, New York City voted in favor of a union, becoming Amazon's first NLRB-recognized unionized workplace in the United States.

United Food and Commercial Workers
The United Food and Commercial Workers International Union (UFCW) is a labor union representing approximately 1.2 million workers in the United States and Canada in industries including retail; meatpacking, food processing and manufacturing; hospitality; agriculture; cannabis; chemical trades; security; textile, and health care. UFCW is affiliated with the Canadian Labour Congress (CLC) and the AFL–CIO; it disaffiliated from the AFL–CIO in 2005 but reaffiliated in 2013. UFCW is also affiliated to UNI Global Union and the IUF.
Dwyer's snake
Dwyer's snake (Suta dwyeri) also known as the  variable black-naped snake, is a species of venomous snake in the family Elapidae. The species is endemic to Australia, where it is found from New South Wales to South Queensland.  While closely related to Australian sea snakes, S. dwyeri is a terrestrial reptile.

Eric Worrell
Eric Arthur Frederic Worrell, MBE (27 October 1924 – 13 July 1987) was an Australian herpetologist, naturalist, science writer and zoo founder and director, known for establishing the Australian Reptile Park at Wyoming on the NSW Central Coast in 1959.

Worrell's collection of snake venom was utilised by the Australian Serum Laboratories as essential in the production of snake anti-venom in Australia.
Skulduggery Pleasant: Dark Days
Skulduggery Pleasant: Dark Days is a young adult and fantasy novel written by Irish playwright Derek Landy, published in April 2010. It is the fourth of the Skulduggery Pleasant series and sequel to The Faceless Ones.

The story follows sorcerer-detective Valkyrie Cainas she attempts to track down the original skull of her mentor, Skulduggery Pleasant, and rescue him from the world of the Faceless Ones. A team of previously significant villains returns, joining forces to get their revenge upon the pair. The book did not see release in the US and Canada until 2018. HarperCollins Audio also publishes the unabridged CD sets of the books read by Rupert Degas.

Skulduggery Pleasant
Skulduggery Pleasant is a series of dark fantasy novels written by Irish author Derek Landy. Tom Percival is the series' illustrator. The books revolve around the adventures of fledgling detective Valkyrie Cain and her mentor Skulduggery Pleasant, along with other friends and allies. The central story concerns Valkyrie's struggle to stop evil forces threatening the world and her internal struggle to resist the darkness within.

The novels are broken up into three phases with multiple prequels and short tales. Since the release of the first novel in 2007, Skulduggery Pleasant, the series has been praised by both readers and critics.
Javier Irureta
Javier Iruretagoyena Amiano (born 1 April 1948), Irureta for short, is a Spanish retired football attacking midfielder and manager.

He had a distinguished playing career with Atlético Madrid and Athletic Bilbao, playing in 344 La Liga games for both teams combined and scoring 70 goals.

Irureta managed several Spanish top flight clubs, most notably Deportivo. He was the only person to have coached both the two major Galician (Deportivo and Celta Vigo) and Basque (Athletic and Real Sociedad) sides.

1999–2000 La Liga
The 1999–2000 La Liga season, the 69th since its establishment. It began on 21 August 1999, and concluded on 20 May 2000. Deportivo La Coruña won a first La Liga title with 69 points, the lowest for a champion since the three points for a win rule was introduced in 1995.
Pabbi and Rasul Reserve Forest
Pabbi and Rasul Reserve Forest (also known as Pabbi-Rasul National Park) is a protected forest and national park located in northern Punjab, Pakistan. Covering an area of approximately 36,374 acres (147.20 km2), it extends across the tehsils of Phalia in Mandi Bahauddin District and Kharian and Sarai Alamgir in Gujrat District. The reserve is managed by the Range Management Division, Chakwal, under the Punjab Wildlife & Parks Department. It was officially designated as a  national park in 2023 under the Punjab Protected Areas Act, 2020.

Kharian Tehsil
Kharian Tehsil (Punjabi and Urdu: تحصیل کھاریاں) is a tehsil (sub-district) located in Gujrat District, Punjab, Pakistan. The town lies between the Chenab and Jhelum rivers and in the north the foothills of the Pir Panjal mountains.
17th New York State Legislature
The 17th New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 7 to March 27, 1794, during the seventeenth year of George Clinton's governorship, in Albany.

Ontario County, New York
Ontario County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 112,458. The county seat is Canandaigua. The county is part of the Finger Lakes region of the state.

Ontario County is part of the Rochester, New York metropolitan area.

In 2006, Progressive Farmer rated Ontario County as the "Best Place to Live" in the U.S., for its "great schools, low crime, excellent health care" and its proximity to Rochester.
Korroticë e Epërme
Gornja Koretica (Serbian Cyrillic: Горња Коретица) or Korroticë e Gllogocit (in Albanian) is a village in the municipality of Glogovac in central Kosovo. It is a rural settlement of the scattered type, situated at the foothill of Goleš (1018 m), on 610–640 m height, 5 km southeast from Glogovac. The cadastral area is 849 hectares. The village population economy is plowing and cattle-raising (24,26% agricultural). A quarry is located in the village.

Drenas
Drenas or Gllogovc/Gllogoc (Albanian definite form: Drenasi or Gllogovci/Gllogoci), or Glogovac (Serbian Cyrillic: Глоговац), is a town and municipality in the district of Pristina, Kosovo. The municipality has an area of 276.63 km2 (106.81 sq mi). According to the last census of 2024, the municipality has a population of 48,079.
6th Maryland Regiment
The 6th Maryland Regiment, active from 27 March 1776—January 1, 1783, is most notable for its involvement during the American Revolutionary War (1775 - 1783). An infantry type regiment consisting of 728 soldiers, the 6th Maryland was composed of eight companies of volunteers from Prince Georges, Queen Anne's, Fredrick, Cecil, Harford, and Ann Arundel counties in the colony of Maryland

On 22 May 1777, the regiment was assigned to the 2nd Maryland Brigade. It was re-organized to nine companies on 12 May 1779 and reassigned to the Southern Department on 5 April 1780.

Sugar Act
The Sugar Act 1764 or Sugar Act 1763 (4 Geo. 3. c. 15), also known as the American Revenue Act 1764 or the American Duties Act, was a revenue-raising act passed by the Parliament of Great Britain on 5 April 1764. The preamble to the act stated: "it is expedient that new provisions and regulations should be established for improving the revenue of this Kingdom ... and ... it is just and necessary that a revenue should be raised ... for defraying the expenses of defending, protecting, and securing the same." The earlier Molasses Act 1733, which had imposed a tax of six pence per gallon of molasses, had never been effectively collected due to colonial evasion. By reducing the rate by half and increasing measures to enforce the tax, Parliament hoped that the tax would actually be collected. These incidents increased the colonists' concerns about the intent of the British Parliament and helped the growing movement that became the American Revolution.
Ryan Richards
Ryan Earl Richards (born 24 April 1991) is a British-Jamaican basketball player who last played for the Terrafirma Dyip of the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA). He began playing in England and has played for short spells for numerous teams in several countries. He was drafted by the San Antonio Spurs with the 49th overall pick in the 2010 NBA draft, but never played a regular season game for the team.

Austrian Basketball Bundesliga
The Austrian Basketball Bundesliga (in German: Österreichische Basketball Bundesliga) was the top men's professional basketball league in Austria. Until the 2004–05 season, the league was known as the A-Liga (A-League) and then until the 2008–09 season it was called the Österreichische Basketball Bundesliga (ÖBL). From 2008 to 2019, it was named the Admiral Basketball League, after the league's main sponsor, Admiral Sportwetten.

In 2019, the competition was replaced by the Austrian Basketball Superliga.
Sutton Trinity (ward)
Sutton Trinity is one of the 40 electoral wards in Birmingham, England. It is named after Holy Trinity Church, the town's parish church.

Sutton Trinity is one of four wards comprising the Parliamentary Constituency and formal district of Sutton Coldfield, Birmingham. It was created on 10 June 2004, following a Boundary Commission review of the city. It covers Sutton town centre and includes the neighbourhoods of Tudor Hill, Maney, New Hall Manor, Falcon Lodge, Whitehouse Common, Withy Hill, Little Sutton and Reddicap Heath.

Whitehouse Common
Whitehouse Common is an area of Sutton Coldfield, Birmingham, England. It lies north of Falcon Lodge which is separated from it by a main road.

The area is served by Whitehouse Common Primary School.

52°34′08″N 1°47′53″W﻿ / ﻿52.569°N 1.798°W﻿ / 52.569; -1.798
Misión San Juan Bautista Malibat
Other missions bearing the name San Juan Bautista include the Mission San Juan Bautista in California and the Misión San Juan Bautista in Coahuila

Misión San Juan Bautista Malibat, also known as the Misión San Juan Bautista de Ligüí, was founded by the Jesuit missionary Pedro de Ugarte in November 1705, about 30 kilometres (19 mi) south of Loreto near the Gulf of California coast of what is today the Mexican state of Baja California Sur. The mission is located at 25°44′22″N 111°15′51″W﻿ / ﻿25.73944°N 111.26417°W﻿ / 25.73944; -111.26417.

Loreto, Baja California Sur
Loreto is a city and municipal seat of Loreto Municipality, Baja California Sur, on the West Coast of Mexico. Located on the Gulf of California, the city had a population of 16,311 inhabitants in 2020. Loreto is a regional economic and cultural center, as well as a major tourist destination on the Baja California Peninsula.

Loreto was founded in 1697, when Juan María de Salvatierra founded Misión de Nuestra Señora de Loreto Conchó. The city served as the capital of Province of the Californias until 1777, when the capital moved to Monterey, California. Loreto continued to serve as the capital of Baja California until 1829. The city grew rapidly in the 20th century and is today a major tourist destination and regional hub.
MF Dow Jones News
MF Dow Jones News (MF-DJ), is an Italian press release service, owned by Class Editori in joint venture with Dow Jones. Produces reports for Class Editori, Borsa Italiana, Yahoo! Italia Finance and many others Italian banks and companies.

Dow Jones & Company
Dow Jones & Company, Inc. (also known simply as Dow Jones) is an American publishing firm owned by News Corp, and led by CEO Almar Latour. The company publishes The Wall Street Journal, Barron's, MarketWatch, Mansion Global, Financial News and Private Equity News.

The company is best known for its historical publication of the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) and related market statistics. It published the DJIA from 1882 until 2010, when News Corp then sold 90% ownership of the Dow Jones stock market indices business to CME Group; News Corp sold CME its remaining 10% in 2013.
Rishiri District, Hokkaido
Rishiri (利尻郡, Rishiri-gun) is a district located in Sōya Subprefecture, Hokkaido, Japan.  The district encompasses Rishiri Island, situated in the Sea of Japan, to the west of the northern tip of Hokkaido.

Rishirifuji, Hokkaido
Rishirifuji (利尻富士町, Rishirifuji-chō) is a town located on Rishiri Island in Sōya Subprefecture, Hokkaido, Japan.

As of September 2016, the town has an estimated population of 2,665 and a density of 25 persons per km2. The total area is 105.69 km2.
Amish romance
Amish romance is a literary subgenre of Christian fiction featuring Amish characters, but written and read mostly by evangelical Christian women. An industry term for Amish romance novels is "bonnet rippers" because most feature a woman in a bonnet on the cover, and "bonnet ripper" is a play on the term "bodice ripper" from classic romance novels.

Beverly Lewis (author)
Beverly Marie Lewis (née Jones) is an American Christian fiction novelist and adult and children's author of over 100 books.

Lewis is a former schoolteacher and musician. She started playing the piano at age four, and began writing short stories and poetry when she was nine years old.

Much of her writing focuses on the Old Order Amish. Her maternal grandmother, Ada Ranck Buchwalter, was born into an Old Order Mennonite Church, which interested Lewis in her own "plain heritage." Her father was a pastor in Lancaster, Pennsylvania (the heart of the Pennsylvania Dutch community), where she was born and grew up. She was raised and continues to be part of the Assemblies of God community.

She went to Evangel University, and received the Distinguished Alumnus Award in 2003. She is also a member of the National League of American Pen Women.

Lewis is married to David Lewis, and they have three grown children and three grandchildren. They live in Colorado.
North Down Area B
North Down Area B was one of the four district electoral areas in North Down, Northern Ireland which existed from 1973 to 1985. The district elected five members to North Down Borough Council, and formed part of the North Down constituencies for the Northern Ireland Assembly and UK Parliament.

It was created for the 1973 local elections, and contained the wards of Conlig, Clandeboye, Rathgael, Silverstream and Whitehill. It was abolished for the 1985 local elections and replaced by the Abbey DEA and the Bangor West DEA.

North Down (Assembly constituency)
North Down is a constituency in the Northern Ireland Assembly.

The seat was first used for a Northern Ireland-only election for the Northern Ireland Assembly, 1973. It usually shares boundaries with the North Down UK Parliament constituency, however the boundaries of the two constituencies were slightly different from 1983 to 1986 as the Assembly boundaries had not caught up with Parliamentary boundary changes and from 1996 to 1997 when members of the Northern Ireland Forum had been elected from the newly drawn Parliamentary constituencies but the 51st Parliament of the United Kingdom, elected in 1992 under the 1983–95 constituency boundaries, was still in session.

Members were then elected from the constituency to the 1975 Constitutional Convention, the 1982 Assembly, the 1996 Forum and then to the current Assembly from 1998.

For further details of the history and boundaries of the constituency, see North Down (UK Parliament constituency).
Aspergillus calidoustus
Aspergillus calidoustus is a species of fungus in the section Ustus, which grows at 37 °C (formerly called A. ustus, a species that fails to grow at 37 °C) and exhibits high minimal inhibitory concentrations to azoles.  It is considered an agent of opportunistic infection.

Aspergillus ustus
Aspergillus ustus is a microfungus and member of the division Ascomycota. It is commonly found in indoor environments and soil. Isolated cases of human infection resulting from A. ustus have been described; however the majority of these are nail infections.
Portuguese Handball Cup
The Portuguese Handball Cup (Portuguese: Taça de Portugal de Andebol) is a handball competition played in the Swiss system and eligible for all professional and amateur teams in Portugal.

The most successful club in the competition is Sporting CP with 19 trophies. They are the current title holders winning their fourth straight title, after defeating  FC Porto in the final 2025.

ABC/UMinho
ABC Braga is a professional handball team based in Braga, Portugal. It plays in LPA. It was founded on 29 December 1933. Despite the practice of handball as a primary sport, the club plays other sports such as roller hockey, basketball, athletics, volleyball, chess, skating, and taekwondo. It is the club with the third most trophies in Andebol 1 behind Porto and Sporting.

It is the sole Portuguese club to have played in an EHF Champions League final, which happened in the 1993–1994 season. Furthermore, it is considered the best Portuguese team and one of the best at the European level.
Graph state
In quantum computing, a graph state is a special type of multi-qubit state that can be represented by a graph. Each qubit is represented by a vertex of the graph, and there is an edge between every interacting pair of qubits. In particular, they are a convenient way of representing certain types of entangled states.

Graph states are useful in quantum error-correcting codes, entanglement measurement and purification and for characterization of computational resources in measurement based quantum computing models. A graph state is a particular case of a stabilizer state as well as a 2-uniform hypergraph state, a generalization where the edges have cardinality between 1 and N.

Qubit
In quantum computing, a qubit (/ˈkjuːbɪt/) or quantum bit is a basic unit of quantum information; a binary qudit – the quantum version of the classic binary bit physically realized with a two-state device. A qubit is a two-state (or two-level) quantum-mechanical system, one of the simplest quantum systems displaying the peculiarity of quantum mechanics. Examples include the spin of the electron in which the two levels can be taken as spin up and spin down; or the polarization of a single photon in which the two spin states (left-handed and the right-handed circular polarization) can also be measured as horizontal and vertical linear polarization. In a classical system, a bit would have to be in one state or the other. However, quantum mechanics allows the qubit to be in a coherent superposition of multiple states simultaneously, a property that is fundamental to quantum mechanics and quantum computing.
Group Fortification Verdun
The Feste Haeseler, renamed Group Fortification Verdun after 1919, is a military installation near Metz.  Constituted as forts Sommy and Saint-Blaise, the fortified group is part of the second fortified belt of  forts of Metz.  It had its baptism of fire in late 1944, when the Battle of Metz occurred.

Battle of Fort Driant
The Battle of Fort Driant was a constituent battle in the 1944 Battle of Metz, during the Lorraine Campaign and the greater Siegfried Line Campaign. The battle was on occupied French territory between the forces of the United States Third Army under the command of General George S. Patton and the forces of Nazi Germany under General Otto von Knobelsdorff and was given the code name Operation thunderbolt.