hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2012 Ivan Hlinka Memorial Tournament
The 2012 Ivan Hlinka Memorial Tournament was an under-18 ice hockey tournament held in Břeclav, Czech Republic, and Piešťany, Slovakia, on August 13–18, 2012. As in the previous two years, the venues were Alcaplast Arena in Břeclav and Patrícia Ice Arena 37 in Piešťany.

Piešťany
Piešťany (Slovak pronunciation: [ˈpɪeʃcani] ⓘ; German: Pistyan, Hungarian: Pöstyén, Polish: Pieszczany [pjɛˈʂtʂanɨ], Czech: Píšťany [ˈpiːʃcanɪ]) is a town in Slovakia. It is located in the western part of the country within the Trnava Region and is the seat of its own district. It is the biggest and best known spa town in Slovakia and has around 28,000 inhabitants.
Barnes Glacier
Barnes Glacier (67°32′S 66°25′W﻿ / ﻿67.533°S 66.417°W﻿ / -67.533; -66.417) is a glacier on the west side of Hemimont Plateau flowing west into Blind Bay on the west coast of Graham Land. It was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1958 for Howard T. Barnes, a Canadian physicist and pioneer of ice engineering.

Arrowsmith Peninsula
Arrowsmith Peninsula (67°15′S 67°15′W﻿ / ﻿67.250°S 67.250°W﻿ / -67.250; -67.250) is a cape about 40 miles (64 km) long on the west coast of Graham Land, west of Forel Glacier, Sharp Glacier and Lallemand Fjord, and northwest of Bourgeois Fjord, with Hanusse Bay lying to the northwest. It was surveyed by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) in 1955-58 and named for Edwin Porter Arrowsmith, Governor of the Falkland Islands.
Mikołaj of Kutno
Mikołaj from Kutno (Mikołaj Kucieński) (born ca. 1430 – died 1493) was a governor of Łęczyca province, a main district governor of Greater Poland, and cooperated closely with Casimir IV Jagiellon.

In 1484, he founded a church in Kutno.

Łęczyca
Łęczyca (pronounced [wɛnˈt͡ʂɨt͡sa]; in full the Royal Town of Łęczyca, Polish: Królewskie Miasto Łęczyca; German: Lentschitza; Yiddish: לונטשיץ, romanized: Lintshits, Luntshits) is a town of 13,587 inhabitants in central Poland. Situated in the Łódź Voivodeship, it is the county seat of the Łęczyca County. Łęczyca is a capital of the historical Łęczyca Land.
S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences
S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences (SNBNCBS) is an autonomous research institute dedicated to basic research in mathematics sciences under the Department of Science and Technology of Government of India. It is located in West Bengal, Salt Lake, Kolkata. This institute was named after the Indian scientist Satyendra Nath Bose and established in 1986. Chanchal Kumar Majumdar was the founder director of this institute.

As this is a research institute, mainly Ph.D. program is done here. From 2001 Integrated Ph.D. (M.Sc.+Ph.D.) program was started. After completion of two years of study, a M.Sc. degree is given by University of Calcutta. Formerly, this degree was given by West Bengal University of Technology. Students of this institute can submit their Ph.D. thesis to Jadavpur University, the University of Calcutta, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology or any other university which allows students to do so.

Basic research
Basic research, also called pure research, fundamental research, basic science, or pure science, is a type of scientific research with the aim of improving scientific theories for better understanding and prediction of natural or other phenomena.  In contrast, applied research uses scientific theories to develop technology or techniques, which can be used to intervene and alter natural or other phenomena. Though often driven simply by curiosity, basic research often fuels the technological innovations of applied science. The two aims are often practiced simultaneously in coordinated research and development.

In addition to innovations, basic research serves to provide insights and public support of nature, possibly improving conservation efforts. Technological innovations may influence engineering concepts, such as the beak of a kingfisher influencing the design of a high-speed bullet train.
Pseudocastalia
Pseudocastalia is a genus of beetles in the family Buprestidae, containing the following species:

Pseudocastalia arabica (Gestro, 1877)

Pseudocastalia bennigseni Kraatz, 1896

Pseudocastalia mattheei Holm, 1982

Pseudocastalia penrithae Holm, 1982

Buprestidae
Buprestidae is a family of beetles known as jewel beetles or metallic wood-boring beetles because of their glossy iridescent colors. Larvae of this family are known as flatheaded borers. The family is among the largest of the beetles, with some 15,500 species known in 775 genera. In addition, almost 100 fossil species have been described.

The larger and more spectacularly colored jewel beetles are highly prized by insect collectors. The elytra of some Buprestidae species have been traditionally used in beetlewing jewellery and decoration in certain countries in Asia, like India, Thailand and Japan.
Jalalabad, Multan
Jalalabad  (Urdu: جلال آباد) is a village in the Multan District of Punjab, Pakistan. It is located at 30°8'10N 71°21'0E at an altitude of 115 metres (380 feet). In 2003, the village was hit by flooding, destroying houses and crops.

Multan District
Multan District  (Urdu: ضِلع مُلتان), is a district in the province of Punjab, Pakistan. Its capital is the city of Multan. The district has a population of 5.45 million (as of 2024) and an area of 3,720 square kilometres. The district consists of tehsils of Multan saddar, Multan city, Jalalpur Pirwala and Shujabad.

History

Multan district was created during British rule in 19th century. Vehari, Khanewal and Lodhran were Tehsils of Multan district. Vehari was made separate district in 1976. Khanewal was cut off from Multan and made a separate district in 1985. Lodhran was split off as a separate district from Multan in 1991.
Regional Playback Control
RPC-1 and RPC-2 are designations applied to firmware for DVD drives to enforce regional lockout. Older DVD drives use RPC-1 firmware, which allows DVDs from any region to play. Newer drives use RPC-2 firmware, which enforces DVD region coding at the hardware level. See DVD region code § Computer DVD drives for further information.

Some RPC-2 drives can be converted to RPC-1 with the same features as before by using alternative firmware on the drive, or on some drives by setting a secret flag in the drive's EEPROM.

Optical disc drive
In computing, an optical disc drive (ODD) is a disc drive that uses laser light or electromagnetic waves within or near the visible light spectrum as part of the process of reading or writing data to or from optical discs. Some drives can only read from certain discs, while other drives can both read and record. Those drives are called burners or writers since they physically burn the data onto the discs. Compact discs, DVDs, and Blu-ray discs are common types of optical media which can be read and recorded by such drives.

Although most laptop manufacturers no longer have optical drives bundled with their products, external drives are still available for purchase separately.
Otto Newman
Otto Newman (born Otto Neumann 2 July 1922 – 29 November 2015) was an Austrian-born sociologist who was a professor at Stirling University in Scotland, Chairman of the Sociology Department at South Bank University in London, and adjunct professor at San Diego State University in California. His extensive writings have been published on four continents. His main works include: Gambling: Hazard and Reward (London University Press) and The Challenge of Corporatism (Macmillan). He also authored extensive research reports leading to policy implementation, and books and papers on globalism including, "The Third Way" and "American Declinism".

British Sociological Association
The British Sociological Association (BSA) is a scholarly and professional society for sociologists in the United Kingdom. Founded in 1951, the BSA is the national subject association for sociology in the UK. It publishes the academic journals Sociology, Work, Employment and Society, Sociological Research Online and Cultural Sociology (with SAGE Publications) as well as its membership magazine Network and a monthly eNewsletter.
Total War Saga: Thrones of Britannia
Total War Saga: Thrones of Britannia is a turn-based strategy and real-time tactics video game developed by Creative Assembly and published by Sega, released on 3 May 2018 for Windows. The game was brought to macOS and Linux by Feral Interactive on 24 May 2018 and 7 June 2018 respectively. It is the twelfth game in the Total War series of video games.

The game is set in the British Isles, 878 AD. There are ten playable factions, including Wessex, Mercia, Circenn, Mide, Gwined, and the Danelaw.

Kingdom of Meath
Meath (/miːð/ MEEDH; Modern Irish: Mí; Old Irish: Mide [ˈmʲiðʲe]) was a kingdom in Ireland from the 1st to the 12th century AD. Its name means "middle," denoting its location in the middle of the island.

At its greatest extent, it included all of County Meath (which takes its name from the kingdom), all of County Westmeath, and parts of counties Cavan, Dublin, Kildare, Longford, Louth and Offaly.
Hectic Knife
Hectic Knife is a superhero comedy film about a knife-wielding vigilante who fights against drug dealers, murderers and other "baddies," including Piggly Doctor, a villain bent on world domination. The idea for the film gestated as Peter Litvin, who later co-wrote, starred in, and produced the film, and director Greg DeLiso were working on a series titled Short Films for Nobody. Filming began in 2010 and wrapped in 2015. Shortly after the film was finished, DeLiso and Litvin secured distribution via Troma Entertainment.

Superhero film
The superhero film is a film genre categorized by the presence of superhero characters, individuals with extraordinary abilities who are dedicated to fighting crime, saving the world, or helping the innocent. It is sometimes considered a sub-genre of the action film genre and has evolved into one of the most financially successful film genres worldwide. These films focus on superhuman abilities, advanced technology, mystical phenomena, or exceptional physical and mental skills that enable these heroes to fight for the common good or defeat a supervillain antagonist.

Superhero films typically include genre elements of romance, comedy, fantasy, and science fiction, with large instances of the superhero genre predominantly occupied and produced by American media franchises DC and Marvel, originally adaptations of their existing works of superhero comic books. Individual superhero films frequently contain a character's origin story.
Lortalamine
Lortalamine (LM-1404) is an antidepressant which was synthesized in the early 1980s. It acts as a potent and highly selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. Lortalamine was under development for clinical use but was shelved, likely due to the finding that it produced ocular toxicity in animals. It has been used to label the norepinephrine transporter in positron emission tomography studies.

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Toxicity
Toxicity is the degree to which a chemical substance or a particular mixture of substances can damage an organism. Toxicity can refer to the effect on a whole organism, such as an animal, bacterium, or plant, as well as the effect on a substructure of the organism, such as a cell (cytotoxicity) or an organ such as the liver (hepatotoxicity). Sometimes the word is more or less synonymous with poisoning in everyday usage.

A central concept of toxicology is that the effects of a toxicant are dose-dependent; even water can lead to water intoxication when taken in too high a dose, whereas for even a very toxic substance such as snake venom there is a dose below which there is no detectable toxic effect. Toxicity is species-specific, making cross-species analysis problematic. Newer paradigms and metrics are evolving to bypass animal testing, while maintaining the concept of toxicity endpoints.
Stan Pepperell
Stanley Vincent Pepperell (birth registered fourth ¼ 1914 – 1985), also known by the nickname of "Pep" , was an English professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1930s and 1940s. He played at representative level for England and Cumberland, and at club level for Seaton ARLFC (in Seaton near Workington, now represented by Seaton Rangers of the Cumberland League) and Huddersfield, as a wing, centre, or stand-off.

Cumbria Rugby League
Cumbria Rugby League is a series of summer rugby league competitions for amateur teams in Cumbria.

The main competition in Cumbria is the Iggesund Cumberland ARL, which has existed since 1899. Along with the Cumberland ARL, Cumbria Rugby League also runs the Barrow and District Leagues (open age and youth) along with the West Cumbria Youth League. The leagues are jointly administered with the British Amateur Rugby League Association.

Cumbria Rugby League itself was formed during the Rugby Football League's 2012 restructuring of amateur rugby league in Great Britain.
Pentland Ferries
Pentland Ferries is a privately owned, family company which has operated a ferry service between Gills Bay in Caithness, Scotland and St Margaret's Hope on South Ronaldsay in Orkney since May 2001. The company is one of only two major vehicle ferry operators within Scotland not owned by, or contracted to run a public service for, the Scottish Government or local authorities.

Government procurement in the United Kingdom
Government procurement in the United Kingdom is the purchase of goods, works (construction) or services by government agencies at the national and local levels.In 2023-24, £341 billion was spent on procurement from the private sector, 32% of public spending.

The Procurement Act 2023, which received royal assent on 26 October 2023, took effect from 24 February 2025 and governs the conduct of government procurement. Before the United Kingdom joined the European Communities in 1973 there was no significant legislation governing public procurement. In the intervening period, government procurement was subject to European Union procurement legislation.
Chris Evans (basketball)
Christopher Evans (born January 29, 1991) is an American professional basketball player who last played for Fos Provence Basket of the Pro B. Standing at 6 ft 8 in (2.03 m), he plays the power forward position. After playing five years of college basketball at Coastal Carolina, Wabash Valley and Kent State, Evans entered the 2013 NBA draft, but he was not selected in the draft's two rounds.

Virtus Roma
Virtus Roma 1960, commonly known as Virtus Roma, is an Italian professional basketball club based in Rome, Lazio. The club, named Pallacanestro Virtus Roma competed in the first division of Italian basketball, the LBA, for decades until 2020, when it went bankrupt. In 2021 the club was refounded.

It was formerly a major side in Europe, winning the 1983–84 FIBA European Champions Cup (EuroLeague), and at one time being one of only 13 clubs to hold a EuroLeague A license. However, its standing later waned, and Virtus became less competitive in both Europe and the domestic LBA - which it had won in 1983 – before being voluntarily relegated to the Italian second division in July 2015.

In December 2020, Virtus was dissolved after the club was declared bankrupt after months of financial struggles.

For past club sponsorship names, see sponsorship names.
Hermann Lichtenberger (theologian)
Hermann Lichtenberger  is a German protestant theologian who is considered one of the better-known German New Testament scholars. His research interests are: New Testament in its Jewish and pagan context; Dead Sea Scrolls, Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha.

Protestant theologies
Protestant theology refers to the doctrines held by various Protestant traditions, which share some things in common but differ in others. In general, Protestant theology, as a subset of Christian theology, holds to faith in the Christian Bible, the Holy Trinity, salvation, sanctification, charity, evangelism, and the four last things.

Various Protestant denominations differ in their doctrine, with churches teaching either Wesleyan-Arminian theology, Reformed theology, or Baptist theology. Other evangelical bodies, such as the Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod, Presbyterian Church in America and the Evangelical Friends Church International may subscribe to what they see as the orthodox theology espoused by their historic tradition, such as Lutheranism, Presbyterianism or Quakerism respectively.
Bilal Bin Saqib
Bilal Bin Saqib is an entrepreneur currently serving as Chairman of the Pakistan Virtual Assets Regulatory Authority (PVARA) and CEO of the Pakistan Crypto Council. He previously served as Special Assistant to the Prime Minister on Blockchain and Crypto.

Pakistan Crypto Council
Pakistan Crypto Council (PCC) is a Pakistani regulatory body established to develop policy, infrastructure and regulation for blockchain technology and digital assets within Pakistan. It operates under the Ministry of Finance with input from the State Bank of Pakistan (SBP), Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan (SECP), and other federal agencies.
Adroanzi
Adroanzi ('Adro-children') are a group of nature and guardian spirits in Lugbara mythology.

The Adroanzi are described as the children of Adroa, God of the Lugbara, though some versions of the myths describe them as the children of Adro, the dark and earthly aspect of Adroa. They are also sometimes described as the spirit of the dead.

They are the guardian spirits of the dead, and are also nature spirits who frequent lakes, rivers, streams, large trees, and rocks. They also guard rain groves. They like to follow humans at night, and if a human would turn back and look at the Adroanzi, they would be killed. If left undisturbed, they were seen as helpful spirits, who would protect travelers from robbers, animal predators and other dangers.

They have the form of small men and women. They were also described as having the form of water snakes, and would drown and eat humans.

Lugbara people
The Lugbara are a Central Sudanic ethnic group who live primarily in the West Nile region of Uganda, in the adjoining area of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) with a few living in South Sudan. They speak the Lugbara language, a Central Sudanic language similar to the language spoken by the Madi, with whom they also share many cultural similarities.
2023 Southend-on-Sea City Council election
The 2023 Southend-on-Sea City Council election was held on 4 May 2023 to elect members of Southend-on-Sea City Council in England. It coincided with local elections across the United Kingdom.

The council is elected by thirds, so a single member will be elected from all 17 wards to a term of four years. The seats elected at this election were last contested in 2019.

Prior to the election the council was under no overall control, being run by a Labour, Liberal Democrat and independent coalition. Following the election the council remained under no overall control, but the Conservatives were able to form a minority administration with support from some of the independent councillors.

Southend-on-Sea City Council
Southend-on-Sea City Council is the local authority of the city of Southend-on-Sea, in the ceremonial county of Essex, England. Southend has had an elected local authority since 1866, which has been reformed several times. Since 1998 the council has been a unitary authority, being a district council which also performs the functions of a county council; it is independent from Essex County Council

The council has been under no overall control since 2019. Since 2024 it has been led by a coalition of Labour, the Liberal Democrats and some of the independent councillors. It is based at Southend Civic Centre.

Since 2024, the government has planned to abolish the council and merge it with other parts of Essex as part of its planned reorganisation of local government in Essex in 2025.
StormBreaker Brewing
StormBreaker Brewing is a brewery based in Portland, Oregon. Rob Lutz and Dan Malech established the company in 2014. The original restaurant is located on North Mississippi Avenue in the Boise neighborhood, and a second opened in the St. Johns neighborhood in 2018.

Beers have included a pumpkin ale called Pumpkin Pedaler. The menu has included burgers and grilled cheese, waffle-cut potato chips, arugula-pear-beet salad, and flank steak with broccolini, cauliflower, lentils, or potatoes as sides. The happy hour menu has included chips and salsa, macaroni and cheese, pickles, and a "smorgasboard" with honey-drizzled blue cheese, porcine terrine, and poultry pâté.

Both locations offered outdoor dining during the COVID-19 pandemic. The business was included in Eater Portland's 2022 "Handy Dining Guide to North Mississippi Avenue".

Grilled cheese
A grilled cheese, toasted cheese sandwich, cheese toastie (UK) or cheese jaffle (AU) is a hot cheese sandwich typically prepared by placing cheese between slices of bread and cooking with butter or mayonnaise on a frying pan, griddle, or sandwich toaster, until the bread browns and the cheese melts. Despite its name, it is rarely prepared through grilling.
Motoring (TV series)
Motoring (usually appended with the current model year, such as Motoring 2015; sometimes stylized as Motoring TV) is a Canadian television automotive newsmagazine, broadcast by TSN and produced by Bradford Productions. Its debut was in 1987 on TSN as Motoring 88 in a 1/2 hour timeslot. Its motto is, "bringing you stories about cars and the people who drive them."

Television in Canada
Television in Canada officially began with the sign-on of the nation's first television stations in Montreal and Toronto in 1952. As with most media in Canada, the television industry, and the television programming available in that country, are strongly influenced by media in the United States and the United Kingdom, perhaps to an extent not seen in any other major industrialized nation. As a result, the government institutes quotas for "Canadian content". Nonetheless, new content is often aimed at a broader North American audience, although the similarities may be less pronounced in the predominantly French-language province of Quebec.
Napoléon Rioux
Napoléon Rioux (February 13, 1837 – September 15, 1899) was a seigneur, merchant and political figure in Quebec. He represented Témiscouata in the Legislative Assembly of Quebec from 1892 to 1897 as a Conservative.

He was born in Trois-Pistoles, Lower Canada, the son of Jean-Baptiste Rioux and Marcelline Chamberland, and was educated there. He owned the seigneury of Anse-aux-Coques. Rioux was a justice of the peace. In 1862, he married Philomène Martin. He helped found a colonization society at Trois-Pistoles in 1869. Rioux founded the local Saint-Jean-Baptiste Society in 1876 and also served as its president. He ran unsuccessfully for a seat in the Quebec assembly in 1890, losing to Charles-Eugène Pouliot, then defeated Pouliot to win the seat in 1892. Rioux was defeated by Félix-Alonzo Talbot when he ran for reelection in 1897. He died two years later in Trois-Pistoles at the age of 62.

Saint-Jean-Baptiste Society
The Saint-Jean-Baptiste Society (French: Société Saint-Jean-Baptiste, pronounced [sɔsjete sɛ̃ ʒɑ̃ batist]) is an institution in the Canadian province of Quebec dedicated to the protection of Quebec francophone interests and to the promotion of Quebec sovereignism. It is known as the oldest patriotic association in French North America. The society's president from 2009 to 2014, Mario Beaulieu, subsequently became leader of the Bloc Québécois. Its current president, Maxime Laporte, is known for being coordinator (president) of Cap sur l'indépendance, an umbrella group of various independentist organisations.