hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Shock diamond
Shock diamonds (also known as Mach diamonds or thrust diamonds, and less commonly Mach disks) are a formation of standing wave patterns that appear in the supersonic exhaust plume of an aerospace propulsion system, such as a supersonic jet engine, rocket, ramjet, or scramjet, when it is operated in an atmosphere. The "diamonds" are actually a complex flow field made visible by abrupt changes in local density and pressure as the exhaust passes through a series of standing shock waves and expansion fans. The physicist Ernst Mach was the first to describe a strong shock perpendicular to the direction of fluid flow, the presence of which causes the diamond pattern.: 48

Scramjet
A scramjet (supersonic combustion ramjet) is a variant of a ramjet airbreathing jet engine in which combustion takes place in supersonic airflow.  As in ramjets, a scramjet relies on high vehicle speed to compress the incoming air forcefully before combustion (hence ramjet), but whereas a ramjet decelerates the air to subsonic velocities before combustion using shock cones, a scramjet has no shock cone and slows the airflow using shockwaves produced by its ignition source in place of a shock cone. This allows the scramjet to operate efficiently at extremely high speeds.

Although scramjet engines have been used in a handful of operational military vehicles, scramjets have so far mostly been demonstrated in research test articles and experimental vehicles.
Deinacrida parva
Deinacrida parva is a species of insect in the family Anostostomatidae, the king crickets and weta. It is known commonly as the Kaikoura wētā or Kaikoura giant wētā. It was first described in 1894 from a male individual then rediscovered in 1966 by Dr J.C. Watt at Lake Sedgemore in Upper Wairau. It is endemic to New Zealand, where it can be found in the northern half of the South Island.

This is a small to medium-sized robust wētā. It is easily confused with Deinacrida rugosa. Due to the rarity of this weta, there is still much to be learnt.

Wairau (electorate)
Wairau was a parliamentary electorate in the Marlborough Region of New Zealand. It was one of the initial 24 New Zealand electorates and existed from 1853 until its abolition in 1938, when it was succeeded by the Marlborough electorate. The electorate had 13 representatives during its existence. The 1861 election in the Wairau electorate was notable in that a later Premier, Frederick Weld, was unexpectedly and narrowly defeated by William Henry Eyes.
Marcel Marceau
Marcel Marceau (French: [maʁsɛl maʁso]; born Marcel Mangel; 22 March 1923 – 22 September 2007) was a French mime artist and actor most famous for his stage persona, "Bip the Clown". He referred to mime as the "art of silence", performing professionally worldwide for more than 60 years.

Théâtre de l'Ambigu-Comique
The Théâtre de l’Ambigu-Comique (pronounced [teɑtʁ də lɑ̃biɡy kɔmik], literally, Theatre of the Comic-Ambiguity), a former Parisian theatre, was founded in 1769 on the boulevard du Temple immediately adjacent to the Théâtre de Nicolet. It was rebuilt in 1770 and 1786, but in 1827 was destroyed by fire. A new, larger theatre with a capacity of 2,000 as compared to the earlier 1,250 was built nearby on the Boulevard Saint-Martin at its intersection with the rue de Bondy and opened the following year. The theatre was eventually demolished in 1966.
Hugh Taylor (civil servant)
Sir Hugh Henderson Taylor, KCB (born 22 March 1950) is a British former Permanent Secretary at the Department of Health and former Chair of Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust.

Permanent secretary
A permanent secretary is the most senior civil servant of a department or ministry charged with running the department or ministry's day-to-day activities. Permanent secretaries are the non-political civil service chief executives of government departments or ministries, who generally hold their position for a number of years (thus "permanent") at a ministry as distinct from the changing political secretaries of state to whom they report and provide advice. The role originated in the civil service of the United Kingdom and has been adopted in several Commonwealth countries as well as other countries influenced by the Westminster system.
Canadian tea regulations
Canadian tea regulations encompass all tea products sold, processed or imported into Canada. Tea products in Canada are strictly defined regarding human consumption. Only dried Thea sinensis leaves and buds are considered tea products. Black tea is a black tea or a blend of two or more black tea that cannot be less than 30% waters-soluble content and must be between 4 and 7 percent ash when dry. Additional black tea regulations apply to unblended black teas; these must not be less than 25% water-soluble extractive and must be 4 to 7 percent ash and must also be dry. Green teas sold in Canada have separate regulations applied. Dry green teas cannot be less than 33% waters-soluble content and must be between 4 and 7 percent ash.

Camellia sinensis
Camellia sinensis is a species of evergreen shrub or small tree in the flowering plant family Theaceae. Its leaves, leaf buds, and stems are used to produce tea. Common names include tea plant, tea shrub, and tea tree (unrelated to Melaleuca alternifolia, the source of tea tree oil, or the genus Leptospermum commonly called tea tree).

White tea, yellow tea, green tea, oolong, dark tea (which includes pu-erh tea) and black tea are all made from two of the five varieties which form the main crops now grown, C. sinensis var. sinensis and C. s. var. assamica, but are processed differently to attain varying levels of oxidation with black tea being the most oxidized and white being the least. Kukicha (twig tea) is also made from C. sinensis, but uses twigs and stems rather than leaves.
Patinho Feio
Patinho Feio (Portuguese for "Ugly Duckling", in reference to the fairy tale) was the first minicomputer designed and manufactured entirely in Brazil. It was made between 1971 and 1972 in the Polytechnic School of the University of São Paulo by the Digital Systems Laboratory (currently called Department of Computer Engineering and Digital Systems).

The Ugly Duckling
"The Ugly Duckling" (Danish: Den grimme ælling) is a Danish literary fairy tale by the Danish poet and author Hans Christian Andersen (1805–1875). It was first published on 11 November 1843 in New Fairy Tales. First Volume. First Collection, with three other tales by Andersen in Copenhagen to great critical acclaim. The tale has been adapted to various media, including opera, musical, and animated film. The tale is an original story by Andersen.
Beloostrov railway station
Beloostrov railway station (Russian: Белоостров железнодорожная станция) is a railway station of the Riihimäki–Saint Petersburg railway in Beloostrov located at the border between St. Petersburg and Leningrad Oblast in Russia. The station is also a rail junction of the bypass route with a same direction to Finland Station through Sestroretsk.

Junction (rail)
A junction, in the context of rail transport, is a place at which two or more rail routes converge or diverge. The physical connection between the tracks of the two routes (assuming they are of the same gauge) is provided by turnouts (US: switches) and signalling.
Boxing at the 1992 Summer Olympics – Super heavyweight
The men's super heavyweight event was part of the boxing programme at the 1992 Summer Olympics. The weight class allowed boxers of more than 91 kilograms to compete. The competition was held from 27 July to 9 August 1992. 17 boxers from 17 nations competed.

Roberto Balado
Roberto Balado Méndez (15 February 1969 – 2 July 1994) was a Cuban amateur boxer, who competed from 1986 to 1994. At the 1992 Summer Olympics he won a Gold medal in the men's super heavyweight (+91 kg).

A natural heavyweight, he was Olympic champion (Barcelona 1992), three times world champion (Moscow 1989, Sydney 1991, and Tampere 1993), and five times Cuban national champion. He was also the winner of the Val Barker Trophy for Outstanding Boxer at the 1992 Olympic Games.

Balado was at his prime, looking forward to win many forthcoming events, considered by some boxing experts to be the world's second-best fighter after Félix Savón (who competed one weight division below), and being one of the favourites of the 1995 Pan American Games and 1996 Olympics, but died in a car accident.

At the time of his death, age 25, he had 250 fights, with a record of 238 victories, and 12 losses.
Daniel Frescó
Daniel Frescó (born 1960) is an Argentinian journalist and author. He has practiced journalism since the age of 18. He started as a collaborator in the Clarín newspaper and in Radio Continental. In 1983 he was the first reporter for the  “Mitre informa primero” newscast. He was intensively activity in television, first as a reporter in the news editions of Canal 11- Telefé, covering both local and international events, and later as Executive Producer at Red de Noticias – the 24 hours information channel of Telefé, in CVN (Cablevisión Noticias) and in the Canal 7 newscasts.

Since 2002, Frescó has dedicated himself to writing books on journalistic subjects such as the wave of abductions in Buenos Aires in the late 1990s.

Radio Continental
LS4 Radio Continental is an Argentine News and Talk radio station. Radio Continental was founded on September 28, 1969 under the name Radio Porteña.

It is considered one of the most effective radio stations in Buenos Aires. It also has many affiliates throughout the country.

The station is owned by the audiovisual production company Tronito and operated by Grupo Octubre (owners of El Nueve).
Moh Siew Wei
Moh Siew Wei (simplified Chinese: 莫晓薇; traditional Chinese: 莫曉薇; pinyin: Mò Xiǎo Wēi; Jyutping: Mok6 Hiu2 Mei4; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Bo̍k Hiáu-bî; Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Mo̍k Hiáu-vì; born 30 April 1978 in Ipoh) is a retired Malaysian athlete who specialised in the 100 metres hurdles. She won several medals at the regional level.

She has personal bests of 13.27 seconds in the 100 metres hurdles (Kassel 2004) and 8.38 seconds in the 60 metres hurdles (Karlsruhe 2005). Both are current national records.

She retired from competition in 2008 and married a former pole vaulter, Teh Weng Chang, the same year.

Pha̍k-fa-sṳ
Pha̍k-fa-sṳ (白話字) is an orthography similar to Pe̍h-ōe-jī and used to write Hakka, a variety of Chinese. Hakka is a whole branch of Chinese, and Hakka dialects are not necessarily mutually intelligible with each other, considering the large geographical region. This article discusses a specific variety of Hakka. The orthography was invented by the Presbyterian church in the 19th century. The Hakka New Testament published in 1924 is written in this system.
Lekerock Cove
Lekerock Cove is a small, secluded sandy cove located on the south‐east coast of Cornwall, England, near Talland Bay between Looe and Polperro. It lies within the Cornwall Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, just off the South West Coast Path.

Talland Bay
Talland Bay (Cornish: Porth Tallan) is located west of the town of Looe in Cornwall. On Talland Bay are two sheltered shingle beaches, Talland Sand and Rotterdam Beach. To the west of Talland Bay is Lekerock Cove.
Brotherhood of Justice
The Brotherhood of Justice is a 1986 Canadian-American television action movie featuring Keanu Reeves, Billy Zane, Kiefer Sutherland, and Lori Loughlin.

Film critic & historian Leonard Maltin disliked the picture, describing it as "...Head of the Class meets The Mod Squad."

Leonard Maltin
Leonard Michael Maltin (born December 18, 1950) is an American film critic, film historian, and author. He is known for his book of film capsule reviews, Leonard Maltin's Movie Guide, published from 1969 to 2014. Maltin was the film critic on Entertainment Tonight from 1982 to 2012. Since 1998, he has taught film as a professor at the USC School of Cinematic Arts. In 2014, he began the weekly podcast Maltin on Movies. He served two terms as President of the Los Angeles Film Critics Association, and votes for films to be selected for the National Film Registry.

He has written books on animation and the history of film. He has also hosted numerous specials and provided commentary for several films. In 2021, he released his memoir, Starstruck: My Unlikely Road to Hollywood. He received the Robert Osborne Award from Turner Classic Movies in 2022.
Paul Layzell
Paul John Layzell (born 23 July 1957) is a British academic, academic administrator, and software engineer. From August 2010 until July 2022, he served as Principal of Royal Holloway, University of London. He is also Deputy Vice-Chancellor of the University of London and Treasurer of Universities UK.

He previously worked at the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST), rising to become Professor of Computer Science (1995–2004) and its Pro-Vice-Chancellor (2000–2004). He then joined its successor, the University of Manchester, where he was Vice-President (University Development) from 2004 to 2006. Before joining Royal Holloway, he was Deputy Vice-Chancellor of the University of Sussex (2006–2010).

Layzell was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2022 Birthday Honours for services to higher education and technology.

Principal (academia)
The principal is the chief executive and the chief academic officer of a university or college in certain parts of the Commonwealth.

In the United States, the principal is the head of school at most pre-university, non-boarding schools.
Deaths in August 2023
The following is a list of notable deaths in August 2023.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent country of citizenship (if applicable), reason for notability, cause of death (if known), and reference.

Chamber of Deputies of Chile
33°02′52″S 71°36′21″W﻿ / ﻿33.04778°S 71.60583°W﻿ / -33.04778; -71.60583

The Chamber of Deputies (Spanish: Cámara de Diputadas y Diputados) is the lower house of Chile's bicameral Congress. Its organisation and its powers and duties are defined in articles 42 to 59 of Chile's current constitution.
1930 German Ice Hockey Championship
The 1930 German Ice Hockey Championship was the 14th season of the German Ice Hockey Championship, the national championship of Germany. Berliner Schlittschuhclub won the championship by defeating SC Brandenburg Berlin in the final.

German Ice Hockey Championship
The German Ice Hockey Championship was a former ice hockey competition played in Germany between 1912 and 1948. During its earliest seasons Berliner Schlittschuhclub emerged as one of the strongest teams, winning eighteen titles between 1912 and 1944.  Following the partition of Germany it was replaced by the  Oberliga FDR in West Germany and the DDR-Oberliga in East Germany.
DALDA
DALDA (H-Tyr-D-Arg-Phe-Lys-NH2) is a synthetic peptide derivative which acts as a potent and highly selective agonist of the mu opioid receptor. It was originally derived as a more metabolically stable analogue of dermorphin, a naturally occurring opioid peptide secreted by some species of South American frogs. DALDA is unable to cross the blood-brain barrier, making it highly peripherally selective, but it has been researched for the treatment of colitis and neuropathic pain, where peripheral opioid agonism is able to produce analgesic effects in the absence of central opioid receptor activation. Some derivatives of DALDA such as [Dmt1]DALDA (where the tyrosine residue has been substituted with 2,6-dimethyl groups) or more complexly modified derivatives such as KGOP01, do however cross the blood-brain barrier and produce typical opioid effects.

Mu-opioid receptor
The μ-opioid receptors (using the Greek letter mu, abbreviated MOR) are a class of opioid receptors with a high affinity for enkephalins and beta-endorphin, but a low affinity for dynorphins. They are also referred to as μ(mu)-opioid peptide (MOP) receptors. The prototypical μ-opioid receptor agonist is morphine, the primary psychoactive alkaloid in opium and for which the receptor was named, with mu being the first letter of Morpheus, the compound's namesake in the original Greek. It is an inhibitory G-protein coupled receptor that activates the Gi alpha subunit, inhibiting adenylate cyclase activity, lowering cAMP levels.
2018 Pocono Green 250
The 2018 Pocono Green 250 Recycled by J. P. Mascaro & Sons was the 12th stock car race of the 2018 NASCAR Xfinity Series season and the third iteration of the event. The race was held on Saturday, June 2, 2018 in Long Pond, Pennsylvania, at Pocono Raceway, a 2.5 miles (4.0 km) triangular permanent course. The race took the scheduled 100 laps to complete. At race's end, Kyle Busch of Joe Gibbs Racing would dominate and win his 92nd career NASCAR Xfinity Series win and his first of the season. To fill out the podium, Chase Elliott of GMS Racing and Daniel Hemric of Richard Childress Racing would finish second and third, respectively.

GMS Racing
GMS Racing was an American professional stock car racing team that competed in the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series, ARCA Menards Series and the NASCAR Xfinity Series.

GMS Racing previously competed in the NASCAR Xfinity Series from 2016 to 2019 and in the ARCA Menards Series from 2011 to 2015 and again from 2019 to 2022. The team had a driver development program, Drivers Edge Development, operated in conjunction with JR Motorsports.

Owner Maurice J. Gallagher Jr. is the chairman and CEO of Allegiant Travel Company, which intermittently sponsored the team through its Allegiant Air brand.

On August 23, 2023, the team announced that it would cease operations at the end of the 2023 racing season, along with GMS Fabrication, a separate entity affiliated with the team.
Michel Veillette
Michel Veillette (born 6 October 1939) was a Liberal party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was an agricultural technologist and manager by career.

He represented the Quebec riding of Champlain at which he was elected in 1979 and again in 1980. After serving in the 31st and 32nd Canadian Parliaments, he was defeated by Michel Champagne of the Progressive Conservative party in the 1984 election.

Veillette made another unsuccessful attempt to re-enter Parliament in the 1993 federal election, but earned fewer votes than Champagne who in turn lost his seat to Réjean Lefebvre of the Bloc Québécois.

1979 Canadian federal election
The 1979 Canadian federal election was held on May 22, 1979, to elect members of the House of Commons of Canada of the 31st Parliament of Canada. It resulted in the defeat of the Liberal Party of Canada after 16 years in power, 11 of them under Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau. Joe Clark led the Progressive Conservative Party to power but with only a minority of seats in the House of Commons. The Liberals, however, beat the Progressive Conservatives in the overall popular vote by more than 400,000 votes (40.11% to 35.89%). Taking office on the eve of his 40th birthday, Clark became the youngest prime minister in Canadian history.
IIT Roorkee
The Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (IIT Roorkee or IITR) is a technical university located in Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India. It is the oldest engineering institution in India. It was founded as the College of Civil Engineering in 1847 during East India Company rule in India by James Thomason,  the Lieutenant-Governor of the North-Western Provinces in which Roorkee was located; its purpose was to train officers and surveyors employed in the construction of the Ganges Canal. In 1854, after the completion of the canal and Thomason's death, it was renamed the Thomason College of Civil Engineering by Proby Cautley, the designer and projector of the canal.  It was renamed University of Roorkee in 1949, and again renamed IIT Roorkee in 2001.  The institution has 22 academic departments covering Engineering, Applied Sciences, Humanities & Social Sciences and Management programs with an emphasis on scientific and technological education and research.

Institute of technology
An institute of technology (also referred to as technological/technology university/college, technical university/college, university/college of technology, polytechnic university) is an institution of tertiary education that specializes in engineering, technology, applied science, and natural sciences.
Shala
Shala (Šala) was a Mesopotamian goddess of weather and grain and the wife of the weather god Adad. It is assumed that she originated in northern Mesopotamia and that her name might have Hurrian origin. She was worshiped especially in Karkar and in Zabban, regarded as cult centers of her husband as well. She is first attested in the Old Babylonian period, but it is possible that an analogous Sumerian goddess, Medimsha, was already the wife of Adad's counterpart Ishkur in earlier times.

Both in a number of relatively late Mesopotamian texts and in modern scholarship she is sometimes conflated or confused with Shalash, a Syrian goddess regarded as the spouse of Dagan.

Old Babylonian Empire
The Old Babylonian Empire, or First Babylonian Empire, is dated to c. 1894–1595 BC, and comes after the end of Sumerian power with the destruction of the Third Dynasty of Ur, and the subsequent Isin-Larsa period. The chronology of the first dynasty of Babylonia is debated; there is a Babylonian King List A and also a Babylonian King List B, with generally longer regnal lengths. In this chronology, the regnal years of List A are used due to their wide usage.
34th Seoul Music Awards
The 34th Seoul Music Awards (Korean: 34th 서울가요대상; RR: 34th Seoul Gayo Daesang) is an award ceremony held on June 21, 2025, in Inspire Arena, South Korea. Organized by Y Global Music and Sports Seoul. The show is hosted by Kang Seung-yoon, Miyeon, and Soobin.

Miyeon
Cho Mi-yeon (Korean: 조미연; born January 31, 1997), better known mononymously as Miyeon, is a South Korean singer and actress. She is a vocalist of the South Korean girl group I-dle under Cube Entertainment, and voiced Ahri in the virtual K-pop girl group K/DA.
Sephardic Museum (Toledo)
The Sephardic Museum (Spanish: Museo Sefardí) is a museum in Toledo, Spain, devoted to the Jewish cultural heritage in Spain, as well as of the Sephardim, the descendants of the Jews who lived on the Iberian peninsula until 1492. It occupies the former convent of the Knights of Calatrava, annexed to the Synagogue of El Tránsito. It is one of the National Museums of Spain and it is attached to the Ministry of Culture.

Order of Calatrava
The Order of Calatrava (Spanish: Orden de Calatrava) is one of the four Spanish military orders and the first military order founded in Castile, but the second to receive papal approval. The papal bull confirming the Order of Calatrava was given by Pope Alexander III on September 26, 1164. Most of the political and military power of the order had dissipated by the end of the 15th century, but the last dissolution of the order's property did not occur until 1838.