hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Siege of Nijmegen
Assault on Nijmegen (1589), Maarten Schenk van Nydeggen fails to take the city by surprise during the Eighty Years' War

Siege of Nijmegen (1591), Maurice, Prince of Orange takes the city during the Eighty Years' War

Siege of Nijmegen (1794), French Revolutionary forces commanded by Jean Victor Marie Moreau take the city from the Dutch Republic (ruled by William V, Prince of Orange) during the War of the First Coalition

Bombing of Nijmegen (February 1944), American aircraft bomb the city as part of the Big Week during World War II

Battle of Nijmegen (September 1944), American and British troops capture the city and its two vital bridges as part of Operation Market Garden during World War II

Assault on Nijmegen
The Assault on Nijmegen occurred on the night of August 10, 1589, involving troops of the mercenary Maarten Schenck van Nydeggen against the small garrison and some citizens at the city of Nijmegen.

Located at the confluence of the Waal and Rhine rivers, Nijmegen was strategically important to the defense of the Dutch provinces and the Electorate of Cologne.  Planning to take the city by surprise, Schenck and his troops would then reinforce the city, provision it and prepare it for siege by troops of Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma.

In the attack, Schenck and his soldiers tried to enter the city from barges on the Waal river. Some of the barges floated past the rendezvous point, and landed further down river. In the abortive battle, Schenck and many of his men drowned in the river. It was the second to last action of the Cologne War.
Mannitol-1-phosphate 5-dehydrogenase
In enzymology, a mannitol-1-phosphate 5-dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.17) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

The two substrates of this enzyme are D-mannitol 1-phosphate and oxidised nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). Its products are fructose 6-phosphate, reduced NADH and a proton.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-OH group of donor with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is D-mannitol-1-phosphate:NAD+ 2-oxidoreductase. Other names in common use include hexose reductase, mannitol 1-phosphate dehydrogenase, D-mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase, and fructose 6-phosphate reductase. This enzyme participates in fructose and mannose metabolism.

Oxidoreductase
In biochemistry, an oxidoreductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from one molecule, the reductant, also called the electron donor, to another, the oxidant, also called the electron acceptor. This group of enzymes usually utilizes NADP+ or NAD+ as cofactors. Transmembrane oxidoreductases create electron transport chains in bacteria, chloroplasts and mitochondria, including respiratory complexes I, II and III. Some others can associate with biological membranes as peripheral membrane proteins or be anchored to the membranes through a single transmembrane helix.
Life Music: Stage Two
Life Music: Stage Two is the second studio album from Jonathan McReynolds. Entertainment One Music released the album on September 18, 2015. McReynolds worked with these producers on this album: Warryn Campbell, Darhyl "DJ" Camper Jr., Chuck Harmony, Israel Houghton, Darryl "Lil Man" Howell, India.Arie, Claude Kelly, Aaron Lindsay, PJ Morton, and Shannon Sanders.

Claude Kelly
Claude Kelly (born December 28, 1980) is an American record producer, songwriter, and singer. A four-time Grammy Award nominee, he has been credited on commercially successful releases for artists such as Michael Jackson, Whitney Houston, Kelly Clarkson, Britney Spears, Ariana Grande, Bruno Mars, Christina Aguilera, Adam Lambert, Jennifer Lopez, Kesha, Brandy, Keke Wyatt, Tori Kelly, and One Direction. He is one-half of the duo Louis York, which he formed with Chuck Harmony in 2015; the two also co-founded the record label Weirdo Workshop that same year.
Native aluminium
Native aluminium (IMA1980-085a) is a natural occurrence of aluminium metal. Its (co)-type localities are the Billeekh intrusion and the dike OB-255, Sakha Republic.

In a gabbro-dolerite of the Billeekh intrusion it occurs with copper, zinc, tin, lead, cadmium, iron, antimony and moissanite. In the occurrence in the Tolbachik volcano in Russia it occurs with magnetite, ilmenite, hematite, pyrite and native iron. In the Getang, Guizhou Province, China, it occurs with copper, sulfur and jarosite.

Jarosite
Jarosite is a basic hydrous sulfate of potassium and ferric iron (Fe-III) with a chemical formula of KFe3(SO4)2(OH)6. This sulfate mineral is formed in ore deposits by the oxidation of iron sulfides. Jarosite is often produced as a byproduct during the purification and refining of zinc and is also commonly associated with acid mine drainage and acid sulfate soil environments.
The True and Only Heaven
The True and Only Heaven: Progress and its Critics is a 1991 book by the American historian and social critic Christopher Lasch. It is a historical analysis of the American political landscape, which Lasch argues stands out due to a largely unquestioned faith in progress that unites the entire spectrum. The book traces the origins and expressions of this faith and encourages Americans to discover currents that have criticized it all along, in America notably populism and producerism, which Lasch favored because he regarded them as more democratic.

The True and Only Heaven was the last book by Lasch published during his lifetime. In the book's review of the American radical tradition, it summarizes much material from Lasch's previous books, such as The New Radicalism in America (1965), Haven in a Heartless World (1977) and The Culture of Narcissism (1979).

Radical politics
Radical politics denotes the intent to transform or replace the fundamental principles of a society or political system, often through social change, structural change, revolution or radical reform. The process of adopting radical views is termed radicalisation.

The word radical derives from the Latin radix ("root") and Late Latin radicalis ("of or pertaining to the root, radical"). Historically, political use of the term referred exclusively to a form of progressive electoral reformism, known as Radicalism, that had developed in Europe during the 18th and 19th centuries. However, the denotation has changed since its 18th century coinage to comprehend the entire political spectrum, though retaining the connotation of "change at the root".
Åsa, Ringerike
60°7′56.65″N 10°20′44.17″E﻿ / ﻿60.1324028°N 10.3456028°E﻿ / 60.1324028; 10.3456028

Åsa is a village in Ringerike municipality in Buskerud, Norway. Åsa is located at the upper end of Steinsfjorden, the eastern  branch of lake Tyrifjorden. The village stretches from Åsaporten, the first road tunnel towards Åsa from Norderhov, and around the north end and east side of the fjord area, south to the border with Hole.

Hole, Norway
Hole is a municipality in Buskerud county, Norway. It is part of the traditional region of Ringerike. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Vik. Hole is located around lake Tyrifjorden and extends to the woodland around Oslo. The soil is fertile and suited to growing fruit, berries and other agricultural products.

The municipality of Hole was established on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt). The annex of Tyristrand was separated from Hole on 1 July 1916 to become a municipality of its own. The municipality of Hole was merged into the neighboring municipality of Ringerike in 1964, however, this merger ended in 1977 when Hole was restored as a separate municipality.

Infrastructure: the road (E16) between Sandvika and Hønefoss has been Norway's most deadly, for the ten-year period that ended in 2021; nine people died.
War of the Succession of Landshut
The War of the Succession of Landshut (Landshuter Erbfolgekrieg in German) resulted from a dispute between the Duchies of Bavaria-Munich (Bayern-München in German) and Bavaria-Landshut (Bayern-Landshut).

Landau an der Isar
Landau an der Isar (German pronunciation: [ˈlandaʊ ʔan deːɐ̯ ˈʔiːzaʁ] ⓘ, lit. 'Landau on the Isar'; Central Bavarian: Landa an da Isar) is the second-largest town in the Lower Bavarian district, or Landkreis, of Dingolfing-Landau, in the state of Bavaria, Germany. It lies on the river Isar, 120 km downstream from Munich. In 2020, its population was around 14,000.
Harridge Pike
Harridge Pike is a hill situated within the boundaries of Stalybridge, Greater Manchester just outside the Peak District National Park. Its western flank rises from the valley of the River Tame to a height of 395 metres. To the east, the pike falls away more gradually to Swineshaw Moor which, above the Swineshaw reservoirs, rises to Irontongue Hill, a broad shoulder of Hoarstone Edge. Since 2004, the moorland in the area of the pike has been classed as access land. From the summit of Harridge Pike, a view is afforded of the middle section of the Tame valley and the whole of the town of Stalybridge, large swathes of the eastern suburbs of Manchester and beyond to Manchester city centre, where  its town hall is visible. On exceptionally clear days the mountains of Snowdonia are visible.

53°29′45″N 2°00′38″W﻿ / ﻿53.49580°N 2.01051°W﻿ / 53.49580; -2.01051

Hill
A hill is a landform that extends above the surrounding terrain. It often has a distinct summit, and is usually applied to peaks which are above elevation compared to the relative landmass, though not as prominent as mountains. Hills fall under the category of slope landforms.
Portrait of Giovanni Battista Caselli
The Portrait of Giovanni Battista Caselli is a half-length portrait executed by the Italian sixteenth-century artist Sofonisba Anguissola. Caselli was a poet from Cremona, the same city as the Anguissola. Executed in 1559, it was one of her last paintings before departing to the royal court of Spain, where she would become official painter to the  queen of Spain, Isabel de Valois.

There is no signature on the painting, although it is possible that the painting has been cut, and that the signature was by one of the edges of the painting.

Caselli points to a painting of the Madonna with child Jesus, and John the Baptist – this is presumably intended to show Caselli's spiritual concerns.

The painting hangs in the Prado Museum, Madrid. It was purchased on behalf of the Prado by the Spanish state in 2012.

Elisabeth of Valois
Elisabeth of France, or Elisabeth of Valois (Spanish: Isabel de Valois; French: Élisabeth de Valois; 2 April 1546 – 3 October 1568), was Queen of Spain as the third wife of Philip II of Spain. She was the eldest daughter of Henry II of France and Catherine de' Medici.
Brawner
Brawner is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bonnie Brawner (born 1988), American Paralympic volleyball player, and teacher

Bridgette Brawner, American nursing researcher and professor

Clara Brawner (August 29, 1929 – October 4, 1991), the only African-American woman physician in Memphis, Tennessee

Djay Brawner (born 1981), American music video, film and television director

Joe Brawner, American basketball player

Robert Brawner (1929–2022), American swimmer

The Brawner family of the Philippines:
Felix Brawner Jr. (1934–2022), commander in Armed Forces of the Philippines
Romeo Brawner Sr. (1935–2008), Filipino public official
Romeo Brawner Jr. (born 1968), Filipino military general
Teodoro Brawner Baguilat Jr. (born 1966), Filipino politician, journalist and activist

Romeo A. Brawner
Romeo Aliac Brawner (September 17, 1935 – May 29, 2008) was a Filipino public official who served as a Commissioner of the Philippine Commission on Elections (COMELEC) from 2005 until his death from a heart attack in May 2008. From February to March 2008, he served as the acting chair of the COMELEC, by virtue of his being the most senior Commissioner on the commission, replacing Resurreccion Borra on the February 2, 2008 after the latter had retired.
Swimming at the 2014 Commonwealth Games – Women's 50 metre breaststroke
The women's 50 metre breaststroke event at the 2014 Commonwealth Games as part of the swimming programme took place on 24 and 25 July at the Tollcross International Swimming Centre in Glasgow, Scotland.

The medals were presented by Sophie, Countess of Wessex and the quaichs were presented by Michael Fennell, honorary life vice-president of the Commonwealth Games Federation and president of the Jamaica Olympic Association.

Tollcross International Swimming Centre
The Tollcross International Swimming Centre is a swimming pool and leisure centre in Glasgow. It hosted the Swimming events at the 2014 Commonwealth Games, and will host it once more in 2026. The centre hosted the IPC Swimming World Championships during July 2015.
Alexandre François Malbranche
Alexandre François Malbranche (6 April 1818, Bernay, Eure – 16 May 1888, Rouen) was a French pharmacist, botanist and mycologist. He is known for his botanical and mycological studies associated with Normandy,

He received his education in Rouen, where he subsequently spent his career as a pharmacist. He served as president of the Société des amis des sciences de Rouen, and for several years was a member of the Société botanique de France (1879–1888).

He was the author of treatises on lichens, fungi, teratology in plants, Darwinism and on the botanical genus Rubus. Between 1863 and 1869, he edited and distributed the exsiccata Lichens de la Normandie, préparés et classés d'après la méthode du Dr. Nylander. As a taxonomist, he co-circumscribed a number of Rubus species. The mycological genus Malbranchea was named in his honor by Pier Andrea Saccardo (1882).

Darwinism
Darwinism is a term used to describe a theory of biological evolution developed by the English naturalist Charles Darwin (1809–1882) and his contemporaries. The theory states that all species of organisms arise and develop through the natural selection of small, inherited variations that increase the individual's ability to compete, survive, and reproduce. Also called Darwinian theory, it originally included the broad concepts of transmutation of species or of evolution which gained general scientific acceptance after Darwin published On the Origin of Species in 1859, including concepts which predated Darwin's theories. English biologist Thomas Henry Huxley coined the term Darwinism in April 1860.

Darwinism stricto sensu lacks a clear theory of inheritance, in contrast with later neo-Darwinian theories such as the modern synthesis (which integrates mendelian inheritance).
Now That I Own the BBC
"Now That I Own the BBC" is a song by American pop and rock duo Sparks, which was released in Europe in 1995 and the UK in 1996 by Logic Records as the third and final single from their sixteenth studio album, Gratuitous Sax & Senseless Violins (1994). The song was written and produced by Ron Mael and Russell Mael, with additional production by Linus Burdick.

Russell Mael
Russell Craig Mael (born October 5, 1948) is an American singer best known as the lead vocalist for the pop and rock duo Sparks, which he formed in 1971 with his elder brother Ron Mael. Mael is known for his wide vocal range, in particular his far-reaching falsetto. He has a flamboyant and hyperactive stage presence which contrasts sharply with Ron Mael's impassive demeanour. The duo released an album with Scottish rock band Franz Ferdinand, as the supergroup FFS, titled FFS, released in 2015. The Mael brothers are the founders of Lil' Beethoven Records.
Kōchi Airport
Kōchi Airport (高知空港, Kōchi Kūkō) (IATA: KCZ, ICAO: RJOK), also known as Kōchi Ryōma Airport (高知龍馬空港 (Kōchi Ryōma Kūkō)), is a regional airport in Nankoku, a city in Kōchi Prefecture of Japan. It is located on the southeastern coast, 7 NM (13 km; 8.1 mi) east of the city of Kōchi.

The 120 ha (297 acres) airport has a single runway handling small to medium size aircraft. The 10,900 m2 (117,327 sq ft) two storey terminal building is located to the north side of the runway. The arrivals level is on the first floor and departures on the second. There are 14 retail stores in the small terminal building. There is an observation deck on the third floor of the building. Transportation from the airport is by car, taxi or bus.

Kōchi Prefecture
Kōchi Prefecture (高知県, Kōchi-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [koꜜː.tɕi, koː.tɕi̥ꜜ.keɴ], locally [koː.tɕi]) is a prefecture of Japan located on the island of Shikoku. Kōchi Prefecture has a population of 669,516 (1 April 2023) and has a geographic area of 7,103 km2 (2,742 sq mi). Kōchi Prefecture borders Ehime Prefecture to the northwest and Tokushima Prefecture to the northeast.

Kōchi is the capital and largest city of Kōchi Prefecture, with other major cities including Nankoku, Shimanto, and Kōnan. Kōchi Prefecture is located on Japan's Pacific coast surrounding a large bay in the south of Shikoku, with the southernmost point of the island located at Cape Ashizuri in Tosashimizu. Kōchi Prefecture is home to Kōchi Castle, considered the most intact Japanese castle, and the Shimanto River, one of the few undammed rivers in Japan.
TecArt Black Dragons Erfurt
TecArt Black Dragons Erfurt is an ice hockey team based in Erfurt, the capital of Thuringia, Germany. The team currently plays in the Oberliga North, the third-highest level of ice hockey in Germany. It is the top team of the larger Eis Hockey Club Erfurt e.V.

Ice hockey in Germany
Ice hockey in Germany is one of the more popular sports, and ranks behind Handball and football in spectator favour and meaning. Ice hockey is organized today in Germany by the Deutsche Eishockey Liga, the highest professional league, and by the Deutschen Eishockey-Bund ice hockey federation, which is the sport's federation in Germany and a member of the International Ice Hockey Federation.

The men's national ice hockey team stands eighth in the world on the current IIHF rank list.
Alan Phillips (chess player)
Alan Phillips (28 October 1923 – 24 June 2009) was a chess master who won the British Chess Championship in 1954, along with Leonard Barden. He was one of the stars in the Stockport Grammar School chess club started by Richard K. Guy in 1939. After World War II, he studied at University of Cambridge, where he tied with Peter Swinnerton-Dyer for the university chess championship. He is the author of a number of articles and books on chess, including

Chess: Sixty years on with Caissa & Friends, Caissa Editions, 2003

The Chess Teacher, Oxford University Press, 1978

Peter Swinnerton-Dyer
Sir Henry Peter Francis Swinnerton-Dyer, 16th Baronet, KBE, FRS (2 August 1927 – 26 December 2018) was an English mathematician specialising in number theory at the University of Cambridge. As a mathematician he was best known for his part in the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture relating algebraic properties of elliptic curves to special values of L-functions, which was developed with Bryan Birch during the first half of the 1960s with the help of machine computation, and for his work on the Titan operating system.
Cyclone Zeus
Cyclone Zeus was an extratropical cyclone and European windstorm which affected France on 6–7 March 2017. The storm developed rapidly and moved quickly across France on a north-west/south-east trajectory from Finistère in Brittany to the Alpes-Maritimes then Corsica. The storm's rapid strengthening resulted in much stronger winds than initially expected, with a maximum gust of 193 kilometres per hour (120 mph) recorded in Camaret-sur-Mer, Finistère.

Météo-France reported 7% of French territory experienced winds in excess of 120 kilometres per hour (75 mph), Météo-France described it as the tenth most severe storm to impact France between 1980 and 2017. The storm was the costliest storm of the 2016/17 winter across Europe.

Extratropical cyclone
Extratropical cyclones, sometimes called mid-latitude cyclones or wave cyclones are low-pressure areas which, along with anticyclones, drive the weather over much of the mid-latitudes of the Earth. Extratropical cyclones are capable of producing a range of weather conditions from wind, cloudiness and mild showers to severe hail, thunderstorms, blizzards, and tornadoes. This type of cyclone is thus defined as a large scale (synoptic) low pressure weather system occurring in the middle latitudes of the Earth. In contrast with tropical cyclones, extratropical cyclones produce rapid changes in temperature and dew point along broad lines called weather fronts, which are present about the center of the cyclone.
Alamikamba Airport
Alamikamba Airport (ICAO: MNAL) is an airstrip serving the Prinzapolka River village of Alamikamba in the North Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region, Nicaragua. The runway is 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) northwest of the river bend.

Prinzapolka
Prinzapolka (Spanish pronunciation: [pɾinsaˈpolka]) is a Miskito municipality in the North Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region of Nicaragua.

Prinzapolka (sometimes spelled Prinzapolca) is also an important river and river basin in the Caribbean Coast Region of Nicaragua.
51st Highland Volunteers
The 51st Highland Volunteers (51 HIGHLAND) is a battalion in the British Army's Army Reserve or reserve force in the Scottish Highlands, forming the 7th Battalion of the Royal Regiment of Scotland, also known as 7 SCOTS. It is one of two Reserve battalions in the Royal Regiment of Scotland, along with 52nd Lowland (6 SCOTS), a similar unit located in the Scottish Lowlands.

Originally formed as the 51st Highland Volunteers in 1967, as a result of the amalgamation of Territorial Battalions within the infantry Regiments of the Highland Brigade, the name commemorated the 51st (Highland) Division of the Territorial Force, within which many of the Regiment's antecedent Territorial Battalions served during the First and Second World Wars.

Peterhead
Peterhead (listenⓘ; Scottish Gaelic: Ceann Phàdraig, Scots: Peterheid listenⓘ) is a town in Aberdeenshire, Scotland.  It is the largest settlement in the council area, with a population of 19,060 at the 2022 Census. It is the busiest fishing port in the United Kingdom for total landings by UK vessels, according to a 2019 survey.

Peterhead sits at the easternmost point in mainland Scotland. It is often referred to as The Blue Toun (locally spelled "The Bloo Toon") and locals are known as Bloo Touners. They are also referred to as blue mogganers (locally spelled "bloomogganners"), supposedly from the blue worsted moggans or stockings that the fishermen originally wore.
TCDD E1000
The TCDD E1000 is an electric locomotive in use with Тurkish State Railways. A single prototype was built in 2015 by TÜLOMSAŞ and TÜBİTAK MAM. The main feature of the locomotive is its regenerative braking system, allowing it to make a halt in the shortest possible time without external assistance. It also uses induction motors for its traction system.

The locomotive have a power rating of 1000 kW, and can reach speeds up to 80 km/h. The locomotive weighed 72 tons, and measured at 13,250 mm in length.

TÜBİTAK Marmara Research Center
The TÜBİTAK Marmara Research Center (Turkish: TÜBİTAK Marmara Araştırma Merkezi), shortly TÜBİTAK MAM, is a Turkish scientific and technological center carrying out research projects through its subordinate institutes on basic and applied science fields in the area of industrial needs to contribute to the increase of the global competitive power of the country. It was established in 1972 by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (Turkish: Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu, TÜBİTAK) in Gebze, Kocaeli Province bringing a number of research units of TÜBİTAK formed in the past under one umbrella. The center is currently headed by Prof. Dr. İbrahim Dinçer.