hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Emergency Internal Revenue Tax Act
The Emergency Internal Revenue Tax Act of 1914 (H.R. 18891) renewed many of the excise taxes introduced by the Spanish–American War Revenue Act in 1898, including a federal telephone tax. It was introduced by the United States Congress in response to World War I, which had reduced international trade and hence the tax revenue collected from U.S. corporations, while also increasing the amount of federal spending. Originally set to expire on December 31, 1915, the taxes mandated by the 1914 Act were extended for another year through a joint resolution in Congress on December 17, 1915.

Excise tax in the United States
Excise tax in the United States is an indirect tax on listed items. Excise taxes can be and are made by federal, state, and local governments and are not uniform throughout the United States. Certain goods, such as gasoline, diesel fuel, alcohol, and tobacco products, are taxed by multiple governments simultaneously. Some excise taxes are collected from the producer or retailer and not paid directly by the consumer, and as such, often remain "hidden" in the price of a product or service rather than being listed separately.
Bolivia, New South Wales
Bolivia is a locality on the Northern Tablelands in the New England region of New South Wales, Australia.  The remains of the settlement comprises the former Bolivia Hotel, a disused post office, a disused railway siding and a community hall.

New England (New South Wales)
New England is a geographical region in the north of the state of New South Wales, Australia, about 60 km (37 mi) inland from the Tasman Sea. The area includes the Northern Tablelands (or New England Tablelands) and the North West Slopes regions. As of 2021, New England had a population of 185,560, with over a quarter of the people living in the area of Tamworth Regional Council.
Odisha cricket team
The Odisha cricket team (known as Orissa until 2011) is a domestic cricket team based in the Indian state of Odisha. It is in the elite group of the Ranji Trophy.

Its main home ground is Barabati Stadium in Cuttack. Home matches are also played at DRIEMS Ground in Cuttack, East Coast Railway Stadium and KIIT Cricket Stadium in Bhubaneswar, and Veer Surendra Sai Stadium in Sambalpur. The Odisha cricket team is selected and governed by the Odisha Cricket Association (OCA).

Sambalpur
Sambalpur (Odia: [sɔmbɔlɔpuɾɔ] ⓘ) is the fifth-largest city in the Indian State of Odisha. It is located on the banks of river Mahanadi, with a population of 335,761 (as per 2011 census). Prehistoric settlements have been recorded there. It is the home of the Sambalpuri sari.
Anas Aremeyaw Anas
Anas Aremeyaw Anas, better known as Anas, is a Ghanaian journalist born in the late 1970s.  He utilizes his anonymity as a tool in his investigative journalism work. Anas is a politically non-aligned multimedia journalist who specializes in print media and documentaries. He focuses on issues of human rights and anti-corruption in Ghana and sub-Saharan Africa. In December 2015 Foreign Policy magazine named Anas one of 2015's leading global thinkers. In 2016 Anas had a "Best Journalist" award named after him by the Press Foundation in Ghana.

In 2018, Anas brought a defamation lawsuit against Member of Parliament Kennedy Agyapong. In dismissing the suit, the judge termed Anas a blackmailer. The Supreme Court dismissed an appeal by a vote of 3–2 in 2024.

Foreign Policy
Foreign Policy is an American news publication founded in 1970 focused on global affairs, current events, and domestic and international policy. It produces content daily on its website and app, and in four print issues annually.

Foreign Policy magazine and ForeignPolicy.com are published by The FP Group, a division of Graham Holdings Company (formerly The Washington Post Company). The FP Group also produces FP Events, Foreign Policy's events division, launched in 2012.
Ferromirum
Ferromirum is an extinct genus of symmoriiform cartilaginous fish known from the late Devonian (mid Famennian) Ibâouane Formation in the southeastern Anti-Atlas of Morocco, with a single species Ferromirum oukherbouchi. It is known from a single well preserved skeleton, which is of a small individual less than half a metre in length. The jaws and hyoid arch are preserved uncrushed. The skull has large orbits (eye sockets) which have sclerotic rings. The teeth are small and have a cladodont morphology. The body is slender. The first dorsal fin has a smooth fin spine, which curves posteriorly towards its tip.

Cladodont
Cladodont (from Latin cladus, meaning branch and Greek Odon, meaning tooth) is the term for a common category of early Devonian shark known primarily for its "multi-cusped" tooth consisting of one long blade surrounded by many short, fork-like tines, designed to catch food that was swallowed whole, instead of being used to saw off chunks of meat like many modern sharks. The skinny teeth would puncture and grasp the prey, keeping it from wriggling free.

Because the most common fossil evidence of cartilaginous fish is teeth, this term is also used for the fossilised teeth themselves.
Two-spotted bumble bee
The two-spotted bumble bee (Bombus bimaculatus) is a species of social bumble bee found in the eastern half of the United States and the adjacent south-eastern part of Canada. In older literature this bee is often referred to as Bremus bimaculatus, Bremus being a synonym for Bombus. The bee's common name comes from the two yellow spots on its abdomen. Unlike many of the other species of bee in the genus Bombus, B. bimaculatus is not on the decline, but instead is very stable. They are abundant pollinators that forage at a variety of plants.

Asilidae
The Asilidae are the robber fly family, also called assassin flies. They are powerfully built, bristly flies with a short, stout proboscis enclosing the sharp, sucking hypopharynx. The name "robber flies" reflects their expert predatory habits; they feed mainly or exclusively on other insects and, as a rule, they wait in ambush and catch their prey in flight.
Halvorson
Halvorson is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

David Halvorson (1948–2013), American politician

Debbie Halvorson (born 1958), American politician from Illinois

Gary Halvorson, American television and film director

George Halvorson (born 1947), American healthcare executive

Halvor L. Halvorson (1881–1951), American politician from North Dakota

H. Orin Halvorson (1897–1975), American microbiologist

Harlyn O. Halvorson (1925–2008), American microbiologist

Henry Theodore Halvorson (1883–1943), American lumber salesman and political figure

Josephine Halvorson (born 1981), American artist

Kittel Halvorson (1846–1936), American politician from Minnesota

Kristina Halvorson (born 1971), American author

Mary Halvorson (born 1980), American jazz musician

Melissa Halvorson Wiklund (born 1962), American politician from Minnesota

Rod Halvorson (born 1949), American politician from Iowa

Roger Halvorson (1934–2014), American politician

H. Orin Halvorson
Halvor Orin Halvorson (March 26, 1897 – October 20, 1975) was an American microbiologist. After receiving his Ph.D. from the University of Minnesota in 1928, he continued to teach there until 1949, becoming director of their Hormel Institute in 1943. He served as head of the Bacteriology Department at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign beginning in 1949, and first director of the School of Life Sciences there beginning in 1959. He retired from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 1965, whereupon he returned to the University of Minnesota faculty. He served as president of the Society of American Bacteriologists (now known as the American Society for Microbiology) in 1955. He was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1957. His son, Harlyn O. Halvorson, was also a microbiologist who served as president of the American Society for Microbiology in 1977. This made the Halvorsons one of two father-son pairs to both serve as presidents of the Society.
Greg Potts
Greg Potts (born November 12, 1958) is an American professional stock car racing driver who has previously competed in the ARCA Menards Series West, having last driven the No. 21 Toyota for Nascimento Motorsports.

Potts has also previously competed in series such as the NASCAR Southwest Series, the SRL Spears Southwest Tour Series, the Shell Tri-Track Challenge, and the Westcar Late Model Series.

NASCAR AutoZone Elite Division, Southwest Series
The NASCAR AutoZone Elite Division, Southwest Series (originally NASCAR Featherlite Southwest Tour) was a late model stock car racing series sanctioned by NASCAR that was held in the Southwestern United States. The original NASCAR Southwest Tour began in 1985 and ran until NASCAR discontinued the Elite Division in 2006.

The cars feature a perimeter frame chassis where rails of equal lengths must kick out, compared to the more modern offset chassis where one side is straight and one side kicks out.  They weigh 2,900 pounds and have a fiberglass body.

When NASCAR eliminated the Elite Division at the end of the 2006 season, several competitors joined former IRL driver Davey Hamilton's SRL Southwest Tour.
Gordon Turnbull
Gordon Turnbull is a British psychiatrist and expert on post traumatic stress disorder. He is the lead trauma consultant at the Nightingale Hospital in London, visiting professor at the University of Chester, and Consultant Advisor in Psychiatry to the Civil Aviation Authority.

Turnbull is the author of the book Trauma: From Lockerbie to 7/7; How trauma affects our minds and how we fight back, published by Bantam Press in 2011.

Bantam Press
Bantam Press is an imprint of Transworld Publishers, which is a British publishing division of Penguin Random House.

It is based on Uxbridge Road in Ealing near Ealing Broadway station, London, the same address as Transworld.

It releases hardcover and prestige softcover book editions. Bantam Press also publishes Sophie Kinsella's Shopaholic books.
Michael Beary (jockey)
Michael Beary was an Irish flat racing jockey, who won four British Classics and eight Irish Classics in a career that spanned from the 1910s to the 1950s. He was Irish Champion Jockey in 1920. The Racing Post ranked him the 13th greatest jockey of the 20th Century.

Sussex Stakes
The Sussex Stakes is a Group 1 flat horse race in Great Britain open to horses aged three years or older. It is run at Goodwood over a distance of 1 mile (1,609 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in late July or early August.
One Week (2008 film)
One Week is a 2008 Canadian drama film written and directed by Michael McGowan and starring Joshua Jackson, Liane Balaban, and Campbell Scott. The film debuted at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 8, 2008, and was released theatrically in Canada by Mongrel Media on March 6, 2009.

Jackson plays Ben Tyler, who has been diagnosed with cancer. Requiring immediate treatment, he instead decides to take a motorcycle trip from Toronto across Canada to Vancouver Island. Along the way, he meets several people that help him reevaluate his relationship with his fiancée Samantha (played by Balaban), his job, and his dream of becoming a writer.

The scenic backdrop of the Canadian landscape as well as an all-Canadian soundtrack serve as prevalent influences in the film.

Joshua Jackson won Best Actor at the 2010 Genie Awards for his portrayal of Ben Tyler. Liane Balaban was nominated for Best Supporting Actress.

2008 Toronto International Film Festival
The 2008 Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF) was held in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. This 33rd annual festival was from September 4 to September 13, 2008. The opening night gala was the World War I romantic epic Passchendaele from Canadian director Paul Gross.
Criticism of Marxism
Criticism of Marxism has come from various political ideologies, campaigns and academic disciplines. This includes general intellectual criticism about dogmatism, a lack of internal consistency, criticism related to materialism (both philosophical and historical), arguments that Marxism is a type of historical determinism or that it necessitates a suppression of individual rights, issues with the implementation of communism and economic issues such as the distortion or absence of price signals and reduced incentives.

In addition, critics have raised empirical and epistemological concerns, arguing that Marxism relies on vague or unfalsifiable theories, resists refutation through dialectical reinterpretation, and has failed key predictions about capitalist collapse and socialist revolution.

Internal consistency
In statistics and research, internal consistency is typically a measure based on the correlations between different items on the same test (or the same subscale on a larger test). It measures whether several items that propose to measure the same general construct produce similar scores. For example, if a respondent expressed agreement with the statements "I like to ride bicycles" and "I've enjoyed riding bicycles in the past", and disagreement with the statement "I hate bicycles", this would be indicative of good internal consistency of the test.
Sunset Blvd (Selena Gomez and Benny Blanco song)
"Sunset Blvd" is a song by American singer Selena Gomez and American record producer Benny Blanco, released as the second single from their collaborative studio album, I Said I Love You First. Gomez and Blanco wrote the track with Justin Tranter, Cashmere Cat, Michael Pollack, Amanda Ibanez, and Jeremy Malvin. Blanco also produced the song along with Chrome Sparks and Bart Schoudel. SMG Music LLC, Friends Keep Secrets and Interscope Records initially released the song for download and streaming on March 14, 2025. It was released to Italian radio on July 31, 2025.

Justin Tranter
Justin Drew Tranter (born June 16, 1980) is an American songwriter, singer, and activist. Tranter has written songs for artists such as Britney Spears, Gwen Stefani, Linkin Park, Kelly Clarkson, Sara Bareilles, Selena Gomez, Justin Bieber, DNCE, Citizen Queen, Kesha, Imagine Dragons, Cynthia Erivo, The Knocks, Fifth Harmony, 5 Seconds of Summer, Chappell Roan, Halsey, Ariana Grande, Lady Gaga, Katy Perry, Raye, Bea Miller, Demi Lovato, Dua Lipa, Måneskin, Fall Out Boy and KATSEYE. From 2004 to 2014, Tranter was the lead singer of Semi Precious Weapons, a rock band based in New York City. Since February 2017, they have been a board member of GLAAD, an organization that promotes LGBT acceptance in the entertainment and news industries. Tranter's songs have garnered over 50 million single sales and 40 billion streams on Spotify and YouTube as of May 2021.
Sunbury and Lewistown Railroad
The Sunbury and Lewistown Railroad  was a Class I Railroad connecting Lewistown, Pennsylvania with Sunbury, Pennsylvania. Completed in December 1871, the line was placed under an immediate lease by the Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR), upon its completion. Although retaining its own board of directors and track maintenance, all locomotive traffic was owned by the PRR. For over eighty years, the line operated between Sunbury and Lewistown, serving as a relief line for both the Philadelphia Main Line and Bald Eagle Valley Railroad through Williamsport, Pennsylvania. The line was noteworthy as a proving ground for new railroad technology in the United States, such as the X-shaped railroad crossing signs in 1917 (now nearly ubiquitous in the United States) and Pulse Code Cab Signaling technology in 1925. It is now a fallen flag railway, the name "Sunbury and Lewistown" having been phased out in 1901 when the line became part of the Pennsylvania Railroad's Sunbury Division.

Bald Eagle Valley Railroad
The Bald Eagle Valley Railroad was a subsidiary of the Pennsylvania Railroad which owned several rail lines in central Pennsylvania. It had its genesis in the Tyrone and Lock Haven Railroad, a financially troubled railroad chartered in 1857, which was unable to complete more than a small portion of its line before it was reorganized as the Bald Eagle Valley and funded by the PRR in 1861. Completed from Tyrone to Lock Haven in 1865 (a branch to Bellefonte had been built before 1861), it was completely controlled by the PRR and did not operate independently. However, it retained its corporate existence for some time, acquiring branch lines into the Snowshoe coal region and an extension from Bellefonte to Lemont before being merged into the PRR in 1908.
Francis Trumble
Francis Trumble was an 18th-century chair and cabinetmaker in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Trumble produced a variety of "fine furniture" in the Queen Anne, Chippendale and Federal styles. He also manufactured Windsor chairs that are believed to be the ones used at Independence Hall by the Second Continental Congress, and depicted in paintings of the signing of the Declaration of Independence. He made them in seven styles and is credited as one of the craftsmen who establish the industry producing the chairs.

Tumble occupied a shop on the "John Stocker property" on Front Street from 1745 until his death in 1791. A privy pit has been excavated on the site uncovering iron gouges, chisels, gravers, an iron rasp, iron spikes, nails, and handles of wood and bone.

Windsor chair
A Windsor chair  is a chair built with a solid wooden seat into which the chair-back and legs are round-tenoned, or pushed into drilled holes, in contrast to other styles of chairs whose back legs and back uprights are continuous. The seats of Windsor chairs are often carved into a shallow dish or saddle shape for comfort. Traditionally, the legs, stretchers, and uprights (or spindles) were usually turned on a pole lathe. Spindles may also be carved, using drawknives and spokeshaves. The back and sometimes the arm pieces (if present) are formed from steam bent pieces of wood. Traditional Windsors are typically painted, primarily to hide the different types of wood used in construction, based on their characteristics.
Wu Youjia
Wu Youjia (born 6 May 1983) is a Chinese athlete specialising in the high hurdles. He competed at the 2005 World Championships without reaching the semifinals.

He has a personal best of 13.55 in the 110 metres hurdles (2005) and 7.68 in the indoor 60 metres hurdles (2007).

2005 World Championships in Athletics
The 10th World Championships in Athletics (Finnish: Yleisurheilun maailmanmestaruuskilpailut 2005, Swedish: Världsmästerskapen i friidrott 2005), under the auspices of the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF), were held in the Olympic Stadium, Helsinki, Finland (6 August 2005 – 14 August 2005), the site of the first IAAF World Championships in 1983. One theme of the 2005 championships was paralympic events, some of which were included as exhibition events. Much of the event was played in extremely heavy rainfall.
McAtee
McAtee is an Irish surname. The name is an Anglicisation of the Gaelic Mac an tSaoi, meaning "son of the scholar" or "son of the wise man".

Notable people with the name include:

Allison McAtee (born 1985), American actress and fashion model

Andrew McAtee (1888–1956), Scottish footballer (Celtic, New Bedford and Scotland)

Bub McAtee (1845–1876), American baseball player

Charles D. McAtee (1928–2005), Marine Corps officer, FBI agent, attorney and director of Kansas penal institutions during the last executions held in the state

David McAtee (1966/67–2020), African American fatally shot by police in Louisville, Kentucky

J. Linus McAtee (1898–1963), American jockey

James McAtee (born 2002), English footballer

John McAtee (born 1999), English footballer

Jud McAtee (1920–2011), Canadian ice hockey player

Norm McAtee (1921–2010), Canadian ice hockey player

Rhodri McAtee (born 1984) Welsh rugby union player

Waldo Lee McAtee (1883–1962), American ornithologist

Andrew McAtee
Andrew McAtee (2 July 1888 – 15 July 1956) was a Scottish footballer who played for Celtic, New Bedford Whalers, Newark Skeeters and Scotland. He played a total of 461 matches for Celtic, winning 10 major trophies.
Koenraad
Koenraad is a Dutch given name. Notable persons with that name include:

Koenraad Degroote (born 1959), Belgian politician

Koenraad Dillen (born 1964), Belgian politician

Koenraad Elst (born 1959), Belgian orientalist and Indologist

Koenraad Logghe (born 1963), Belgian neopagan

Koenraad Wolter Swart (1916–1992), Dutch-American historian

K. W. Swart
Koenraad Wolter Swart (1916–1992) was a Dutch-American historian, best known for his work on the role of William of Orange in the Dutch Revolt, and for his doctoral dissertation on the relationship between the state and state functionaries in the seventeenth century.
Subtropical Storm Ubá
Subtropical Storm Ubá was the fourth tropical or subtropical cyclone to form in the South Atlantic Ocean in 2021. Ubá originated from an area of low pressure that formed off the coast of Rio de Janeiro and evolved into a subtropical cyclone on 10 December. The cyclone lingered for two days, before weakening back to a low-pressure area and dissipating on 13 December. Together with the South Atlantic Convergence Zone (SACZ), Ubá caused heavy rains in Minas Gerais, in Espírito Santo and mainly in Bahia. The storm became the deadliest South Atlantic (sub)tropical cyclone, with a death toll of 15.

South Atlantic Convergence Zone
The South Atlantic convergence zone, or SACZ, is an elongated axis of clouds, precipitation, and convergent winds oriented in a northwest–southeast manner across southeast Brazil into the southwest Atlantic Ocean.  By definition, the feature is a monsoon trough.  It is strongest in the warm season.  Thunderstorm activity along the feature magnifies over three or more days when the Madden–Julian oscillation passes into the region, due to the enhanced upper divergence.  Low level winds over Rondônia are tied to the strength of this zone, where westerly wind anomalies correlate to active phases of the South American monsoon, while easterly wind anomalies indicate breaks of activity along the SACZ.  The feature is also strongest with negative anomalies in the sea surface temperature pattern lie over the southern Atlantic Ocean, while opposite conditions prevail across the northern Atlantic Ocean.
Van der Goes
Van der Goes or van der Goes is a surname of Flemish-Dutch origin. Notable people with this name include:

Adriaen van der Goes (c.1505–1560), Dutch Grand pensionary

Aert van der Goes (1475–1545), Dutch Grand Pensionary

Freddie van der Goes (1908–1976), South African freestyle swimmer

Hugo van der Goes (c. 1430/1440 – 1482), Flemish painter

Marinus Robyn van der Goes (1599/1606 – 1639), Flemish engraver

Philips van der Goes (1651–1707), Dutch naval officer

Wouter van der Goes (born 1973), Dutch radio DJ

Marinus Robyn van der Goes
Marinus Robyn van der Goes or Marinus van der Goes (Goes or London?, 1599 - Antwerp, 1639) was a Flemish engraver.  He was active as a reproductive engraver after the works of Flemish and Dutch designers.
Mukand Pur
Mukund Pur is a census town in North Delhi district in the Indian territory of Delhi. Mukund
pur is Situated at North Delhi , in burari  constituency. The Small Town has Highest Population Density Among the Few Towns of delhi.co Mukundpur is under is burari vidhan sabha consultancy. Its pincode is 110042

North Delhi district
North Delhi district is an administrative district of the National Capital Territory of Delhi in India. Alipur is the administrative headquarters of this district. North Delhi is bounded by the Yamuna River and the district of Central Delhi on the east and by the district of North West Delhi to the west.

Administratively, the district is divided into three subdivisions,  Model Town, Narela, and Alipur.