hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1997 Fed Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group I – Pool A
Group A of the 1997 Fed Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group I was one of four pools in the Europe/Africa Zone Group I of the 1997 Fed Cup. Three teams competed in a round robin competition, with the top two teams advancing to the knockout stage.

1997 Fed Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group I – Knockout Stage
The Knockout Stage of the 1997 Fed Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group I was the final stage of the Zonal Competition involving teams from Europe and Africa. Those that qualified for this stage placed first and second in their respective pools.

The eight teams were then randomly drawn into two two-stage knockout tournaments, with the winners advancing to the World Group II Play-offs.
Magellan (spacecraft)
The Magellan spacecraft was a 1,035-kilogram (2,282 lb) robotic space probe launched by NASA on May 4, 1989. Its mission objectives were to map the surface of Venus by using synthetic-aperture radar and to measure the planetary gravitational field.

The Magellan probe was the first interplanetary mission to be launched from the Space Shuttle, the first one to use the Inertial Upper Stage booster, and the first spacecraft to test aerobraking as a method for circularizing its orbit. Magellan was the fifth successful NASA mission to Venus, and it ended an eleven-year gap in U.S. interplanetary probe launches.

Spacecraft attitude determination and control
Spacecraft attitude control is the process of controlling the orientation of a spacecraft (vehicle or satellite) with respect to an inertial frame of reference or another entity such as the celestial sphere, certain fields, and nearby objects, etc.

Controlling vehicle attitude requires actuators to apply the torques needed to orient the vehicle to a desired attitude, and algorithms to command the actuators based on the current attitude and specification of a desired attitude.

Before and during attitude control can be performed, spacecraft attitude determination must be performed, which requires sensors for absolute or relative measurement.

The broader integrated field that studies the combination of sensors, actuators and algorithms is called guidance, navigation and control, which also involves non-attitude concepts, such as position determination and navigation.
François Emmanuel Toulongeon
François-Emmanuel Toulongeon or François Emmanuel d'Emskerque, vicomte de Toulongeon (3 December 1748 - 23 December 1812) was a French politician and historian, deputy to the Estates General of 1789 and author of a Histoire de la Révolution de 1789.

Pierre-Philippe Grappin
Pierre-Philippe Grappin (1 February 1738 – 20 November 1833) was a French Benedictine canon and member of several scholarly societies including the Académie des sciences, belles-lettres et arts de Besançon et de Franche-Comté, of which he was permanent secretary. He was known as Dom Grappin. He became a priest in the Constitutional Church and well known for his correspondence with the abbé Grégoire, published in 1969.
Complex-base system
In arithmetic, a complex-base system is a positional numeral system whose radix is an imaginary (proposed by Donald Knuth in 1955) or complex number (proposed by S. Khmelnik in 1964 and Walter F. Penney in 1965).

Absolute value (algebra)
In algebra, an absolute value is a function that generalizes the usual absolute value. More precisely, if D is a field or (more generally) an integral domain, an absolute value on D is a function, commonly denoted  from D to the real numbers  satisfying:

It follows from the axioms that   and  for every ⁠⁠. Furthermore, for every positive integer n,
 where the leftmost n denotes the sum of n summands equal to the identity element of D.

The classical absolute value and its square root are examples of absolute values, but the square of the classical absolute value is not, as it does not fulfill the triangular inequality.

An absolute value induces a metric (and thus a topology) on D by setting
Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy
Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) is a type of radionuclide therapy, using a radiopharmaceutical that targets peptide receptors to deliver localised treatment, typically for neuroendocrine tumours (NETs).

Statistical hypothesis test
A statistical hypothesis test is a method of statistical inference used to decide whether the data provide sufficient evidence to reject a particular hypothesis. A statistical hypothesis test typically involves a calculation of a test statistic. Then a decision is made, either by comparing the test statistic to a critical value or equivalently by evaluating a p-value computed from the test statistic. Roughly 100 specialized statistical tests are in use and noteworthy.
Oregon's 15th Senate district
District 15 of the Oregon State Senate comprises central Washington County, including most of Hillsboro as well as Forest Grove and Cornelius. It is composed of Oregon House districts 29 and 30. It is currently represented by Democrat Janeen Sollman of Hillsboro.

Oregon's 29th House district
District 29 of the Oregon House of Representatives is one of 60 House legislative districts in the state of Oregon. As of 2021, the district is contained entirely within Washington County and contains Forest Grove and Cornelius as well as most of Hillsboro. The current representative for the district is Democrat Susan McLain of Forest Grove.
Nathoo Khan
Nathu Khan (1920–1971; sometimes spelled as Nathoo), was a Pakistani sarangi player known for introducing solo sarangi playing tradition with difficult phrases. He was associated with Radio Pakistan and Pakistan Television Corporation. He was also associated with All India Radio before emigrating from India.

He has the distinction of having playback singer Ahmed Rushdi as his informal disciple in classical music from 1944 to 1948.

Muhajir (Pakistan)
The Muhajir people (also spelled Mohajir and Mahajir) (Urdu: مہاجر) are a multi-origin ethnic group of Pakistan. They are the Muslim immigrants, of various ethnic groups and regional origins, who migrated from various regions of India after the 1947 independence to settle in the newly independent state of Pakistan, and their descendants.
Muhajirs come from various ethnic and regional backgrounds, with a significant portion of the community residing in Karachi and other major urban centers of Pakistan.

The total population of Muhajrs worldwide is estimated to be around 15 million, and the overwhelming majority of this figure (14.7 million) is located in Pakistan, according to the 2017 Pakistani census. Though the official controversial 2017 census of Karachi, which has historically hosted the country's largest Muhajir population, has been challenged by most of Sindh's political parties.
Awards and decorations of the Illinois National Guard
Awards and decorations of the Illinois National Guard are provided to honor the service and dedication of the men and women who serve in the Illinois Army National Guard and the Illinois Air National Guard.

The current order of precedence for Illinois National Guard awards is found in NGIL 600-8-22 (3 Sept 2010). The following list represents the appropriate order of precedence for Illinois awards. This applies to service members of both the Army and Air National Guard.

1. Illinois Military Medal for Valor

2. Illinois Military Distinguished Service Medal

3. Illinois Military Medal for Merit

4. Illinois Cross Medal (pending)

5. Abraham Lincoln Medal of Freedom

6. Illinois Long and Honorable Military Service Medal

7. Illinois Recruiting Ribbon

8. Illinois Military Attendance Ribbon

9. Illinois State Active Duty Ribbon

10. Illinois Outstanding Service Award

11. Illinois Distinguished Service Award

Illinois Air National Guard
The Illinois Air National Guard (IL ANG) is the aerial militia of the State of Illinois, United States of America. It is a reserve of the United States Air Force and along with the Illinois Army National Guard, an element of the Illinois National Guard.

As state militia units, the units in the Illinois Air National Guard are not in the normal United States Air Force chain of command. They are under the jurisdiction of the Governor of Illinois through the office of the Illinois Adjutant General unless they are federalized by order of the President of the United States. The Illinois Air National Guard is headquartered at Camp Lincoln, Springfield, led by its Commander, Major General Daniel (Dan) McDonough; Chief of Staff, Brigadier General Kevin Jacobs; and Command Chief Master Sergeant Marlon Burton.
Bosnian Battle of Kosovo (1831)
The Battle of Kosovo in 1831 took place between The Vizier of Bosnia Husein-kapetan Gradaščević and his loyalists together with local Albanians against the Ottoman Empire, whose troops were commanded by the Grand Vizier Reşid Mehmed Pasha.

Lipjan
Lipjan (Albanian definite form: Lipjani) or Lipljan  (Serbian Cyrillic: Липљан) is a city and municipality located in the District of Pristina in Kosovo. According to 2024 census, the municipality had 55,044 inhabitants, of whom 13,092 lived in the urban area.
Organizations of the Iranian Revolution
Several organizations, parties and guerrilla groups were involved in the Iranian Revolution. Some were part of Ayatollah Khomeini's network and supported the theocratic Islamic Republic movement, while others did not and were suppressed when Khomeini took power. Some groups were created after the fall of the Pahlavi dynasty and still exist, while others helped overthrow the Shah but no longer exist or have become exiled.

Political repression in the Islamic Republic of Iran
Political repression has been exercised in Iran since the 1979 Islamic Revolution, which led Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini to power and thus established an Islamic theocracy combining Islamic principles with authoritarian policy. The Islamic Republic has throughout its history used executions, massacres and torture against those perceived as potential dissidents. Survivors described being blindfolded, waiting in the corridors to be brought before the committee, and witnessing prisoners being taken to their executions, including those whose health had deteriorated due to torture. It has been alleged that these techniques are employed with the intent of silencing critics of the regime, especially female dissidents. In 2024, the United Nations Special Rapporteur on Human Rights in Iran published a report that categorised the 1981–1982 massacres and 1988 executions as crimes against humanity and genocide.
Hermitian connection
In mathematics, a Hermitian connection  is a connection on a Hermitian vector bundle  over a smooth manifold  which is compatible with the Hermitian metric
 on , meaning that

for all smooth vector fields  and all smooth sections  of .

If  is a complex manifold, and the Hermitian vector bundle  on  is equipped with a holomorphic structure, then there is a unique Hermitian connection whose (0, 1)-part coincides with the Dolbeault operator  on  associated to the holomorphic structure.
This is called the Chern connection on .  The curvature of the Chern connection is a (1, 1)-form.  For details, see Hermitian metrics on a holomorphic vector bundle.

In particular, if the base manifold is Kähler and the vector bundle is its tangent bundle, then the Chern connection coincides with the Levi-Civita connection of the associated Riemannian metric.

Levi-Civita connection
In Riemannian or pseudo-Riemannian geometry (in particular the Lorentzian geometry of general relativity), the Levi-Civita connection is the unique affine connection on the tangent bundle of a manifold that preserves the (pseudo-)Riemannian metric and is torsion-free. The fundamental theorem of Riemannian geometry states that there is a unique connection that satisfies these properties.

The connection formalizes and generalizes the "rolling without slipping or twisting" method of transporting tangent planes of a smooth surface embedded in  (or generally, any Riemannian manifold, by the Nash embedding theorems).

The covariant derivative is defined given any affine connection. In the theory of Riemannian and pseudo-Riemannian manifolds, the "covariant derivative" by default refers to the one defined using the Levi-Civita connection. The components (structure coefficients) of this connection with respect to a system of local coordinates are called Christoffel symbols.
Kakaduacris
Kakaduacris minuta is a species of short-horned grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It is the only species in the genus Kakaduacris. It is found in north Australian savannas.

It is a diurnal species, very small in size. Adult females are approximately 12mm in length and adult males 9mm.

Acrididae
Acrididae are the predominant family of grasshoppers, comprising some 10,000 of the 11,000 species of the entire suborder Caelifera. The Acrididae are best known because all locusts (swarming grasshoppers) are of the Acrididae. The subfamily Oedipodinae is sometimes classified as a distinct family Oedipodidae in the superfamily Acridoidea. Acrididae grasshoppers are characterized by relatively short and stout antennae (so they may be called "short-horned grasshoppers"), and tympana on the side of the first abdominal segment.
Heinrich Brüssow
Heinrich Wilhelm Brüssow (born 21 July 1986) is a South African former professional rugby union player. His usual position was as open-side flanker and his most recent club was Northampton Saints in the English Premiership.

He played for the Free State Cheetahs in domestic South African rugby between 2006 and 2014, for the Cheetahs in Super Rugby between 2007 and 2015 and also represented South Africa between 2008 and 2015 and for the South Africa Sevens team in 2006.

The Rugby Championship
The Rugby Championship, formerly known as the Tri Nations Series (1996–2011), is an international rugby union competition contested by Argentina, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. These are traditionally the four highest-ranked national teams in the Southern Hemisphere.

The competition is administered by SANZAAR, a consortium consisting of four national governing bodies: the South African Rugby Union (SARU), New Zealand Rugby (NZR), Rugby Australia (RA) and the Argentine Rugby Union (UAR). The inaugural Tri Nations Series tournament was in 1996, and was won by New Zealand. South Africa won their first title in 1998, and Australia their first in 2000. Following the last Tri Nations Series tournament in 2011, New Zealand had won ten championships, with South Africa and Australia on three titles each. The first Rugby Championship was won by New Zealand, who won all six of their matches.
Bagasse
Bagasse (/bəˈɡæs/ ⓘ bə-GAS) is the dry pulpy fibrous material that remains after crushing sugarcane or sorghum stalks to extract their juice. It is used as a biofuel for the production of heat, energy, and electricity, and in the manufacture of pulp and building materials. Agave bagasse is similar, but is the material remnants after extracting blue agave sap.

Pulp (paper)
Pulp is a fibrous lignocellulosic material prepared by chemically, semi-chemically, or mechanically isolating the cellulosic fibers of wood, fiber crops, waste paper, or rags. Mixed with water and other chemicals or plant-based additives, pulp is the major raw material used in papermaking and the industrial production of other paper products.
2026 Kansas gubernatorial election
The 2026 Kansas gubernatorial election is scheduled to take place on November 3, 2026, to elect the next governor of Kansas. The primary elections will take place on August 4, 2026. Incumbent Democratic governor Laura Kelly is term-limited and ineligible to seek a third consecutive term. This will be one of five Democratic-held governorships up for election in 2026 in a state that Donald Trump won in the 2024 presidential election and the only one of those states that Trump won by a double-digit margin.

Kansas Insurance Commissioner
The Kansas insurance commissioner (KIC), in full the Kansas state insurance commissioner, has the primary responsibility to the people whose personal lives are protected by insurance in the state of Kansas. It is an elected position and is currently held by Republican Vicki Schmidt.
1976 NCAA Division III football season
The 1976 NCAA Division III football season, part of college football in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association at the Division III level, began in August 1976, and concluded with the NCAA Division III Football Championship in December 1976 at Garrett-Harrison Stadium in Phenix City, Alabama. The Saint John's Johnnies won their first Division III championship, defeating the Towson State Tigers by a final score of 31−28.

Garrett–Harrison Stadium
Garrett–Harrison Stadium is a high school football stadium in the southeastern United States, located in Phenix City, Russell County, Alabama. Owned by the city, it is the home stadium for Central High School Red Devils.

Most notably, it hosted college football's NCAA Division III championship game (also known as the Amos Alonzo Stagg Bowl) from 1973 to 1982 and again from 1985 to 1989. In 2014, Tuskegee and Albany State played a neutral-site game at the stadium called the White Water Classic. It was the first college football game at the stadium since the last Division III championship held at Garrett-Harrison in 1989.
Cacotheline
Cacotheline is an organic compound with the chemical formula C21H21N3O7.  It is a nitro derivative of brucine obtained by reaction of brucine with nitric acid.  It is used as an indicator in the titrimetric analysis of tin ions (Sn2+).

Brucine
Brucine is an alkaloid closely related to strychnine, most commonly found in the Strychnos nux-vomica tree. Brucine poisoning is rare, since it is usually ingested with strychnine, and strychnine is more toxic than brucine. In chemical synthesis, it can be used as a tool for stereospecific chemical syntheses.

Brucine's name derives from this of the genus Brucea, named after James Bruce who brought back Brucea antidysenterica from Ethiopia.
Diksmuide
Diksmuide (Dutch: [dɪksˈmœydə] ⓘ; French: Dixmude [diksmyd]; West Flemish: Diksmude) is a Belgian city and municipality in the Flemish province of West Flanders. The municipality comprises the city of Diksmuide proper and the former communes of Beerst, Esen, Kaaskerke, Keiem, Lampernisse, Leke, Nieuwkapelle, Oostkerke, Oudekapelle, Pervijze, Sint-Jacobs-Kapelle, Stuivekenskerke, Vladslo and Woumen.

Most of the area west of the city is a polder riddled with drainage trenches. The major economic activity of the region is dairy farming, producing the famous butter of Diksmuide.

Lampernisse
Lampernisse is a small village located in the municipality of Diksmuide, in the province of West Flanders, Belgium. It is situated in the Flemish Region and is known for its peaceful rural atmosphere and cultural heritage.
Rise (The Rasmus album)
Rise is the tenth album by the Finnish rock band The Rasmus, released on 23 September 2022. It is their first album after five years of inactivity, as a continuation of their previous album Dark Matters (2017).

Dark Matters (The Rasmus album)
Dark Matters is the ninth album by the Finnish rock band the Rasmus, which was released in Finland on 8 October 2017. It is their first album after five years of inactivity, as a continuation of their previous album The Rasmus (2012).
Maitetsu
Maitetsu (Japanese: まいてつ) is a visual novel developed by Lose, which has also been adapted into the anime series Rail Romanesque (Japanese: レヱル・ロマネスク, Hepburn: Reeru Romanesuku). Maitetsu was initially released in Japan in 2016, and it was released internationally by Sekai Project on Steam in 2018. Sekai Project also released an uncensored, 18+ version of the game on Fakku. An expanded re-release, Maitetsu: Last Run, was released in 2020 and contains the original Maitetsu as well as content that could be interpreted as a full sequel.

Rail Romanesque, an anime spinoff of the game, was announced in 2019 and released in 2020. Outside of Japan, the anime was released by Crunchyroll and Funimation. A second season was announced and aired from October to December 2023.

Tank locomotive
A tank locomotive is a steam locomotive which carries its water in one or more on-board water tanks, instead of a more traditional tender. Most tank engines also have bunkers (or fuel tanks) to hold fuel; in a tender-tank locomotive a tender holds some or all of the fuel, and may hold some water also.

There are several different types of tank locomotive, distinguished by the position and style of the water tanks and fuel bunkers. The most common type has tanks mounted either side of the boiler. This type originated about 1840 and quickly became popular for industrial tasks, and later for shunting and shorter-distance main line duties.

Tank locomotives have advantages and disadvantages compared to traditional locomotives that required a separate tender to carry needed water and fuel.
Foster City, California
Foster City is a master-planned city located in San Mateo County, California, United States. Foster City is sometimes considered to be part of Silicon Valley for its local industry and its proximity to Silicon Valley cities. There are many notable companies headquartered in Foster City, such as Gilead Sciences, Zoox, and Replit. Visa and Sledgehammer Games were formerly headquartered in Foster City.

The 2020 census put the population at 33,805, an increase of more than 10% over the 2010 census figure of 30,567.

Foster City contains at least 10 bridges of which seven cross its lagoon, two go across Highway 92 and one is the San Mateo-Hayward Bridge which crosses the San Francisco Bay.

Foster City is one of the United States’ safest cities, with an average of one murder per decade.

California Democratic Party
The California Democratic Party, also known as the Democratic Party of California, is the affiliate of the Democratic Party in the U.S. state of California. It is headquartered in Sacramento, California.

With 45.27% of the state's registered voters as of February 2025, the Democratic Party has the highest number of registrants of any political party in California. It is currently the dominant party in the state, and is one of the largest affiliates of the national Democratic Party. The party currently controls the majority of California's U.S. House seats, both U.S. Senate seats, the governorship, and has supermajorities in both houses of the state legislature.
Ahöl Mana
In Hopi mythology, Ahöl Mana is a Kachina Mana, a maiden spirit, also called a kachina. She is represented as a standard Kachin Mana; it is because she arrives with Ahöla that she is called Ahöl Mana. During the Powamu ceremony, she goes with Ahöla as he visits various kivas and ceremonial houses. On these visits Ahöl Mana carries a tray with various kinds of seeds.

Hopi mythology
The Hopi maintain a complex religious and mythological tradition stretching back over centuries.  However, it is difficult to definitively state what all Hopis as a group believe. Like the oral traditions of many other societies, Hopi mythology is not always told consistently and each Hopi mesa, or even each village, may have its own version of a particular story,  but "in essence the variants of the Hopi myth bear marked similarity to one another."  It is also not clear that the stories told to non-Hopis, such as anthropologists and ethnographers, represent genuine Hopi beliefs or are merely stories told to the curious while keeping safe the more sacred Hopi teachings.  As folklorist Harold Courlander states, "there is a Hopi reticence about discussing matters that could be considered ritual secrets or religion-oriented traditions."