hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
George Thomson, Lord Thomson
George Reid Thomson, Lord Thomson, PC (1893 – 15 April 1962) was a Scottish Labour Party politician and judge.

Educated at the South African College, Cape Town, and Corpus Christi College, Oxford, he was a captain in the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders in World War I.

He was admitted as an advocate in 1922, and appointed a King's Counsel in 1936. He was an Advocate Depute from 1940 to 1945. 
He sat as member of parliament (MP) for Edinburgh East from October 1945 until October 1947 and served as Lord Advocate from October 1945.
He was appointed a Privy Counsellor in 1945.

In October 1947 he was raised to the bench as Lord Justice Clerk, replacing Lord Moncrieff. He took the judicial title Lord Thomson. He held this office until his death in 1962.

Edinburgh East
Edinburgh East was a burgh constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It elected one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election.

It existed from 1885 to 1997 and from 2005 to 2024.

Further to the completion of the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, the seat was expanded to include most of the town of Musselburgh. As a consequence, it reverted to the name of Edinburgh East and Musselburgh used from 1997 to 2005.
1992 IAAF Grand Prix Final
The 1992 IAAF Grand Prix Final was the eighth edition of the season-ending competition for the IAAF Grand Prix track and field circuit, organised by the International Association of Athletics Federations. It was held on 4 September at the Stadio Olimpico di Torino in Turin, Italy. Kevin Young (400 metres hurdles) and Heike Drechsler (long jump) were the overall points winners of the tournament. A total of 17 athletics events were contested, nine for men and eight for women.

The host stadium was not of a suitable size to safely host the men's hammer throw event, so this was instead contested separately in Brussels at the annual Memorial Van Damme meeting.

Hammer throw
The hammer throw (Abbreviated as HT) is one of the four throwing events in regular outdoor track-and-field competitions, along with the discus throw, shot put and javelin.

The hammer used in this sport is not like any of the tools also called by that name. It consists of a metal ball attached by a steel wire to a grip. These three components are each separate and can move independently. Both the size and weight of the ball vary between men's and women's events. The men's hammer weighs 7.26 kilograms (16 lb) for college and professional meets; the women's hammer weighs 4 kilograms (8.8 lb).
Guanosine phosphorylase
In enzymology, a guanosine phosphorylase (EC 2.4.2.15) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

guanosine + phosphate  guanine + alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are guanosine and phosphate, whereas its two products are guanine and alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate.

This enzyme belongs to the family of glycosyltransferases, specifically the pentosyltransferases.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is guanosine:phosphate alpha-D-ribosyltransferase. This enzyme participates in purine metabolism.

Guanosine
Guanosine (symbol G or Guo) is a purine nucleoside comprising guanine attached to a ribose (ribofuranose) ring via a β-N9-glycosidic bond. Guanosine can be phosphorylated to become guanosine monophosphate (GMP), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), guanosine diphosphate (GDP), and guanosine triphosphate (GTP). These forms play important roles in various biochemical processes such as synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins, photosynthesis, muscle contraction, and intracellular signal transduction (cGMP). When guanine is attached by its N9 nitrogen to the C1 carbon of a deoxyribose ring it is known as deoxyguanosine.
Cosmas Damian Asam
Cosmas Damian Asam (29 September 1686 – 10 May 1739) was a German painter and architect during the late Baroque period.  Born  in Benediktbeuern, he lived in Rome from 1711 to 1713  to study at the Accademia di San Luca with Carlo Maratta. In 1713, Asam won the Academy's first prize for his drawing of Miracle of Saint Pio. In Germany, he worked with his brother Egid Quirin, a sculptor and stucco worker, on building and decorating entirely new churches (such as the Asam Church in Munich) or redesigning churches in the Baroque style (Regensburg—Benedictine Monastery Church of St. Emmeram). Their joint projects are often attributed to the "Asam Brothers". Cosmas Damian died in Munich.

Carlo Maratta
Carlo Maratta or Maratti (18 May 1625 – 15 December 1713) was an Italian Baroque painter and draughtsman, active principally in Rome where he was the leading painter in the second half of the 17th century. He was a fresco and canvas painter who painted in a wide range of genres, including history and portrait painting. He is the leading representative of the classicizing style in the Italian Late Baroque.  He worked for prominent clients in Rome, including various popes.
Yves Nicolin
Yves Nicolin (French pronunciation: [iv nikɔlɛ̃]; born 5 March 1963) is the Mayor of Roanne.  He was a member of the National Assembly of France, representing the Loire's 5th constituency from 1993 to 2017 as a member of UDF, UMP and then the Republicans.

Roanne
Roanne (French pronunciation: [ʁɔan] ⓘ; Arpitan: Rouana; Occitan: Roana) is a commune in the Loire department, central France.

It is located 90 km (56 mi) northwest of Lyon on the river Loire. It has an important Museum, the Musée des Beaux-arts et d'Archéologie Joseph-Déchelette (French), with many Egyptian artifacts.
New Zealand sea lion
The New Zealand sea lion (Phocarctos hookeri), once known as Hooker's sea lion, and as pakake (for both male and female) or whakahao (male) and kake (female) in Māori, is a species of sea lion that is endemic to New Zealand and primarily breeds on New Zealand's subantarctic Auckland and Campbell islands, and have in recent years been slowly breeding and recolonising around the coast of New Zealand's South and Stewart islands. The New Zealand sea lion numbers around 12,000 and is one of the world's rarest sea lion species. They are the only species of the genus Phocarctos.

Campbell Islands
The Campbell Islands (Motu Ihupuku or Campbell Island Group) are a group of subantarctic islands, belonging to New Zealand. They lie about 600 km south of Stewart Island.  The islands have a total area of 113 km2 (44 sq mi), consisting of one big island, Campbell Island, and several small islets, notably Dent Island, Isle de Jeanette Marie, Folly Island (or Folly Islands), Jacquemart Island, and Monowai Island (also known as Lion Rock). Ecologically, they are part of the Antipodes Subantarctic Islands tundra ecoregion.  The islands were gazetted as a nature reserve in 1954, and are one of five subantarctic island groups collectively designated as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO.
Modélisation Mathématique et Analyse Numérique
Modélisation Mathématique et Analyse Numérique (M2AN) is a journal published by EDP Sciences on behalf of the Société de Mathématiques Appliquées et Industrielles (SMAI) that focuses on mathematical and computational modeling and numerical analysis.

EDP Sciences
EDP Sciences (Édition Diffusion Presse Sciences) is an STM publisher that disseminates scientific information for specialist and more general audiences (general public, decision-makers, teachers, etc.). EDP produces and publishes international journals, books, conferences, and websites with predominantly scientific and technical content.  Originally a joint venture of four French learned societies in science, mathematics, and medicine, the company was acquired by China Science Publishing & Media in 2019.
Lesquerolic acid
Lesquerolic acid is a hydroxycarboxylic acid that occurs naturally in Paysonia lasiocarpa and other Paysonia and Physaria species.
The acid is typically found together with other hydroxylated fatty acids, such as densipolic, auricolic, ricinoleic, etc.

This compound has the R configuration at the alcohol-bearing stereocenter, and it is of the Z configuration at the olefin. Lesquerolic acid is chemically similar to ricinoleic acid, but with two additional carbons at the carboxyl end of the carbon chain.

Carboxylic acid
In organic chemistry, a carboxylic acid is an organic acid that contains a carboxyl group (−C(=O)−OH) attached to an R-group. The general formula of a carboxylic acid is often written as R−COOH or R−CO2H, sometimes as R−C(O)OH with R referring to an organyl group (e.g., alkyl, alkenyl, aryl), or hydrogen, or other groups. Carboxylic acids occur widely. Important examples include the amino acids and fatty acids. Deprotonation of a carboxylic acid gives a carboxylate anion.
Moskovskaya zastava Municipal Okrug
Moskovskaya zastava Municipal Okrug (Russian: муниципа́льный о́круг Моско́вская заста́ва) is a municipal okrug in Moskovsky District, one of the eighty-one low-level municipal divisions  of the federal city of St. Petersburg, Russia. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 45,680, down from 46,951 recorded during the 2002 Census.

It was formerly known as Municipal Okrug #44 (муниципальный округ №44).

Okrug
An okrug is a type of administrative division in some Slavic-speaking states. The word okrug is a loanword in English, alternatively translated as area, district, county, or region.

Etymologically, okrug literally means 'circuit', derived from Proto-Slavic *okrǫgъ, in turn from *ob- "around" + *krǫgъ "circle". In meaning, the word is similar to the German term Bezirk or Kreis ('district') and the French word arrondissement; all of which refer to something "encircled" or "surrounded".
Glioma
A glioma is a type of malignant tumor originating in the glial cells of the brain or spinal cord. Gliomas comprise about 30% of all brain and central nervous system tumors and 80% of all malignant brain tumors. Common subtypes include astrocytoma (cancer of astrocytes), glioblastoma (an aggressive form of astrocytoma), oligodendroglioma (cancer of oligodendrocytes), and ependymoma (cancer of ependymal cells).

Optic nerve
In neuroanatomy, the optic nerve, also known as the second cranial nerve, cranial nerve II, or simply CN II, is a paired cranial nerve that transmits visual information from the retina to the brain. In humans, the optic nerve is derived from optic stalks during the seventh week of development and is composed of retinal ganglion cell axons and glial cells; it extends from the optic disc to the optic chiasma and continues as the optic tract to the lateral geniculate nucleus, pretectal nuclei, and superior colliculus.
Bozdoğan, Mut
Bozdoğan is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Mut, Mersin Province, Turkey. Its population is 351 (2022). It is at to the west of Göksu River valley. The distance to Mut is 30 kilometres (19 mi) and to Mersin is 195 kilometres (121 mi).

Mut, Mersin
Mut is a municipality and district of Mersin Province, Turkey. Its area is 2,718 km2, and its population is 62,874 (2022).

Mut is a rural district at the foot of the Sertavul Pass on the road over the Taurus Mountains from Ankara and Konya to the Mediterranean coast at Anamur or Silifke. Mut is known for its special apricot variety, Mut şekerparesi, and a statue of a girl carrying a basket of them stands at the entrance to the town. The summer is hot and the people of Mut retreat to high meadows (so called yayla) even further up the mountainside. The forests up here are home to wild boar, and the Gezende reservoir on the Ermenek River is a welcome patch of blue in this dry district. The dam has a hydro-electric power station built in Romania.
One Step Higher
One Step Higher is the fourth and last album by Voyage, recorded and released in the United States in December 1981 on Atlantic Records while the other version of this album was re-released again in France on Sirocco Records in 1982 and the rest of different versions on different record labels that same year from different countries. The song "Come And Get It" featured Arthur Simms on lead vocals.

Voyage (band)
Voyage was a French disco and pop group, consisting of André "Slim" Pezin (guitar/vocals), Marc Chantereau (keyboards/vocals), Pierre-Alain Dahan (drums/vocals) and Sauveur Mallia (bass), together with British lead vocalist Sylvia Mason-James, who sang on the group's first two albums, Voyage (1977) and Fly Away (1978).

For their next two albums, Pierre-Alain Dahan became the lead vocalist on Voyage 3 (1980) and on One Step Higher (1982), and the group's sound changed from disco to pop.
Mar-biti-apla-usur
Mār-bīti-apla-uṣur, inscribed DUMU-É-A-PAB on contemporary inscriptions on Lorestān bronze arrowheads or dA-É-AxA-ŠEŠ in the Dynastic Chronicle, means “O Marbīti, protect the heir.” Marbīti was a deity associated with Dēr with a sanctuary in Borsippa. Mārbītiaplauṣur reigned from c. 980 to 975 BC and was the sole king of Babylon’s short-lived seventh or Elamite Dynasty. He was a contemporary of Assyrian king Aššur-reš-iši II.

Der (Sumer)
Der (Sumerian: 𒌷𒂦𒀭𒆠 uruBAD3.ANki; Akkadian: 𒌷𒂦𒀭𒆠 uruBAD3.ANki or 𒌷𒁲𒂊𒊒(𒆠) urude-e-ru(ki)) was a Sumerian city-state at the site of modern Tell Aqar near al-Badra in Iraq's Wasit Governorate. It was east of the Tigris River on the border between Sumer and Elam. At one time it was thought that it might have been ancient Durum (Sumerian: uruBAD3ki) but more recent scholarship has rebutted that.

The principal god of Der was Ištaran. In the 1st millennium BC, he was also referred to as Anu rabû ("Great Anu") in Akkadian. The name of his temple at Der was Edimgalkalama.
Garbage (EP)
Garbage is the third EP by British electronic music duo Autechre, released by Warp Records on 27 February 1995. Garbage is a companion to their album Amber, being based on material from the same sessions. The cover and interior illustrations are digitally garbled versions of the cover of Amber.

Garbage was also released alongside Anvil Vapre as part of the US version of Tri Repetae, and as a part of the EPs 1991–2002 compilation.

Amber (Autechre album)
Amber is the second studio album by the British electronic music duo Autechre, released on 7 November 1994 by Warp. It was the first Autechre album to be composed entirely of new material, as their debut album Incunabula was a compilation of older tracks. It entered the CIN's Dance Albums Chart at no. 7.
Azzedine Sakhri
Azzedine Sakhri (born 22 January 1968 in Algiers) is a retired Algerian long-distance runner who specialized in the marathon race.

He won the gold medal at the 1997 Mediterranean Games, finished eighth at the 1997 World Championships and fifth at the 2001 Mediterranean Games.

He also competed at the 1999 World Championships as well as the World Cross Country Championships in 1997, 1998, 1999 and 2002 without further success.

1997 World Championships in Athletics
The 6th World Championships in Athletics (Greek: Παγκόσμιο Πρωτάθλημα Στίβου 1997), under the auspices of the International Association of Athletic Federations, were held at the Olympic Stadium, Athens, Greece between 1 and 10 August 1997. 1,882 athletes from 198 participant nations participated in this event.

It was the first edition to award wild cards to defending champions even if they did not qualify for their national team. This allowed four athletes from the same country to compete in an individual event in some cases.
Hydrogenobacter thermophilus
Hydrogenobacter thermophilus is an extremely thermophilic, straight rod (bacillus) bacterium.  TK-6 is the type strain for this species.  It is a Gram negative, non-motile, obligate chemolithoautotroph. It belongs to one of the earliest branching order of Bacteria. H. thermophilus TK-6 lives in soil that contains hot water.  It was one of the first hydrogen oxidizing bacteria described leading to the discovery, and subsequent examination of many unique proteins involved in its metabolism. Its discovery contradicted the idea that no obligate hydrogen oxidizing bacteria existed, leading to a new understanding of this physiological group.  Additionally, H. thermophilus contains a fatty acid composition that had not been observed before.

Fatty acid
In chemistry, particularly in biochemistry, a fatty acid is a carboxylic acid with an aliphatic chain, which is either saturated or unsaturated. Most naturally occurring fatty acids have an unbranched chain of an even number of carbon atoms, from 4 to 28. Fatty acids are a major component of the lipids (up to 70% by weight) in some species such as microalgae but in some other organisms are not found in their standalone form, but instead exist as three main classes of esters: triglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesteryl esters. In any of these forms, fatty acids are both important dietary sources of fuel for animals and important structural components for cells.
Online shaming
Online shaming is a form of public shaming in which targets are publicly humiliated on the internet, via social media platforms (e.g. Twitter or Facebook), or more localized media (e.g. email groups). As online shaming frequently involves exposing private information on the Internet, the ethics of public humiliation has been a source of debate over Internet privacy and media ethics. Online shaming takes many forms, including call-outs, cancellation (cancel culture), doxing, negative reviews, and revenge porn.

Media ethics
Media ethics is the subdivision of applied ethics dealing with the specific ethical principles and standards of media, including broadcast media, film, theatre, the arts, print media and the internet. The field covers many varied and highly controversial topics, ranging from war journalism to Benetton ad campaigns.

Media ethics promotes and defends values such as a universal respect for life and the rule of law and legality. Media Ethics defines and deals with ethical questions about how media should use texts and pictures provided by the citizens.

Literature regarding the ways in which specifically the Internet impacts media ethics in journalism online is scarce, thereby complicating the idea for a universal code of media ethics.
Salmee Said
Salmee binti Said is a Malaysian politician who served as Member of the Kedah State Executive Council (EXCO) in the Pakatan Harapan (PH) state administration under former Menteri Besar Mukhriz Mahathir from May 2018 to the collapse of the PH state administration in May 2020 as well as Member of the Kedah State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Kota Siputeh from May 2018 to August 2023. She is a member of the National Trust Party (AMANAH), a component party of the PH coalition. She has served as the Vice Women Chief II of AMANAH since December 2023.

National Trust Party (Malaysia)
The National Trust Party (Malay: Parti Amanah Negara, AMANAH) is a political party in Malaysia advocating a reformist strand of political Islam. The party was founded as the Malaysia Workers' Party (Malay: Parti Pekerja-Pekerja Malaysia; abbrev: PPPM) before being taken over in August 2015 by Gerakan Harapan Baru, a group of moderate-to-progressive Islamist leaders from the Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party that had lost a party election. The party was rebranded on 16 September 2015. The party currently has eight elected Members of Parliament. It is one of the three component parties of the incumbent Pakatan Harapan coalition in Malaysia.
Al Hijarah (missile)
The al-Hijarah missile was an Iraqi liquid propelled inertial Short-range ballistic missile, it was also a Scud missile and considered an upgrade of the al-Hussein missile equipped with chemical warheads. It was developed by 1990 and was first used in the Persian Gulf War where the al-Hijarah missile would release poison gas clouds and kill personnel on the ground, as well as ignite oil wells. One al-Hijarah missile was confirmed to have been fired at Israel during the Gulf War where one landed near Dimona, it was revealed that the missile had a concrete filled warhead.

Scud missile
A Scud missile is one of a series of tactical ballistic missiles developed by the Soviet Union during the Cold War. It was exported widely to both Second and Third World countries. The term comes from the NATO reporting name attached to the missile by Western intelligence agencies. The Russian names for the missile are the R-11 (the first version), and the R-17 (later R-300) Elbrus (later developments). The name Scud has been widely used to refer to these missiles and the wide variety of derivative variants developed in other countries based on the Soviet design.

Scud missiles have been used in combat since the 1970s, mostly in wars in the Middle East. They became familiar to the Western public during the 1991 Persian Gulf War, when Iraq fired dozens at Saudi Arabia and Israel. In Russian service, it has been replaced by the 9K720 Iskander.
Büyükbağ, Kahta
Büyükbağ (Kurdish: Bûtbax) is a village in the Kâhta District, Adıyaman Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Kawan tribe and had a population of 363 in 2021.

The hamlet of Şahnekent is attached to the village.

Adıyaman Province
Adıyaman Province is a province in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. The capital is Adıyaman. Its area is 7,337 km2, and its population is 635,169 (2022). The province is considered part of Turkish Kurdistan and has a Kurdish majority.

Adıyaman Province was part of the Malatya Province until 1954, when it was made into a province as a reward for voting for the winning Democratic Party in the 1954 general election.
Marquesita
A marquesita is a dessert native to the state of Yucatán, Mexico. It consists of a crepe, rolled and filled with cajeta, condensed milk, jam, chocolate or edam cheese, also known as queso de bola. They are sold in squares, parks and streets.

Condensed milk
Condensed milk is cow's milk from which water has been removed (roughly 60% of it). It is most often found with sugar added, in the form of sweetened condensed milk, to the extent that the terms "condensed milk" and "sweetened condensed milk" are often used interchangeably today. Sweetened condensed milk is a very thick, sweet product, which when canned can last for years without refrigeration if not opened. The product is used in numerous dessert dishes in many countries.

A related product is evaporated milk, which has undergone a lengthier preservation process because it is not sweetened.
Physics of the Impossible
Physics of the Impossible: A Scientific Exploration Into the World of Phasers, Force Fields, Teleportation, and Time Travel is a book by theoretical physicist Michio Kaku. Kaku uses discussion of speculative technologies to introduce topics of fundamental physics to the reader.

The topic of invisibility becomes a discussion on why the speed of light is slower in water than in vacuum, that electromagnetism is similar to ripples in a pond, and Kaku discusses newly developed composite materials.

The topic of Star Trek phasers becomes a lesson on how lasers work and how laser-based research is conducted. The cover of his book depicts a TARDIS, a device used in the British science fiction television show Doctor Who to travel in space and time, in its disguise as a police box, continuously passing through a time loop. With each discussion of science fiction technology topics he also "explains the hurdles to realizing these science fiction concepts as reality".

Time loop
The time loop or temporal loop is a plot device in fiction whereby characters re-experience a span of time which is repeated, sometimes more than once, with some hope of breaking out of the cycle of repetition. Time loops are constantly resetting; when a certain condition is met, such as a death of a character or a certain point in time, the loop starts again, possibly with one or more characters retaining the memories from the previous loop.

A time loop is also sometimes used to describe a scenario involving time travel where events form a circular chain of causality. In this context, actions in the past lead to future events, which then trigger the original journey back in time, creating a self-contained loop without a clear starting point. This concept challenges the conventional linear view of time and is often explored in science fiction and theories of temporal physics, such as those involving closed timelike curves.