hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kim Jo-guk
Kim Jo-guk (Korean: 김조국) is a North Korean politician.

He is a member of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea and a member of the Central Military Commission of the Workers' Party of Korea. Since 2019 he is serving as first deputy head of the Organization and Guidance Department. At the time of Hwang Sun-hui's death in January 2020, he served as a member of the funeral committee. In May 2020, he attended the 4th Enlarged meeting of the 7th plenary session of the Central Military Commission and the 20th Politburo meeting of the 7th Central Committee in November 2020. During the 8th Congress of the WPK he was elected full member of the 8th Central Committee.

8th Congress of the Workers' Party of Korea
The 8th Congress of the Workers' Party of Korea (WPK) was held at the April 25 House of Culture in Pyongyang from January 5 to 12, 2021. The congress is the highest organ of the party, and is stipulated to be held every four years. A total of 7,000 people participated in the congress including 5,000 delegates.

The Party Congress took place in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic where no cases were reported. The Congress saw the re-election of Kim Jong Un as the Party leader, with his title being changed from Party Chairman to General Secretary. The WPK Rules were amended, including strengthening WPK's control over the Korean People's Army, decreasing of the power of military organizations, removal of most mentions of Kim Il Sung, Kim Jong Il and Kim Jong Un, and a reassertion of WPK's commitment to communism.
Asterothyrium vezdae
Asterothyrium vezdae is a species of foliicolous (leaf-dwelling) lichen in the family Gomphillaceae. It is found in Bolivia, where it grows on the leaves of vascular plants in the Amazon rainforest. The lichen is distinguished from its closest relative, Asterothyrium octomerum, by the larger number of septa in its ascospores, and its and black apothecia.

Foliicolous lichen
A foliicolous lichen  is a lichen which grows on the surfaces of living leaves of vascular plants, usually inhabiting the upper surface (epiphyllous) but sometimes also the lower surface (hypophyllous). Foliicolous lichens largely occur in tropical environments and of the over 800 foliicolous lichens accepted (as of 2008) over 600 of these are known from the tropics. Unlike most lichens which are common in humid but cool and temperate climates, these tropical lichens are more suited to the higher temperatures and lower light levels present beneath the rainforest canopy, where they are involved in the nutrient cycle and water retention. Chlorophyta are common photosynthetic partner phycobionts of epiphyllous lichens.
Hvítanes
Hvítanes (Danish: Hvidenæs) is a village in the Faroe Islands. It is on Streymoy's east coast, northeast of Hoyvík and Tórshavn. Its name means "White Point" in Faroese.

Hvítanes is located in a little bay with a stone beach and a harbour where the small boats can be pulled up a ramp out of reach of the sometimes destructive sea.

It was founded in 1837.

The Eysturoyartunnilin surfaces near Hvítanes and connects Tórshavn with the Skálafjørður on Eysturoy.

Faroese language
Faroese (/ˌfɛəroʊˈiːz, ˌfær-/ ⓘ FAIR-oh-EEZ, FARR-; endonym: føroyskt [ˈføːɹɪst]) is a North Germanic language spoken as a first language by about 69,000 Faroe Islanders, of whom 21,000 reside mainly in Denmark and elsewhere.

It is one of five languages descended from Old West Norse spoken in the Middle Ages; the others include Norwegian, Icelandic, and the extinct Norn and Greenlandic Norse. Faroese and Icelandic, its closest extant relative, are not easily mutually intelligible in speech, but the written languages resemble each other quite closely, largely owing to Faroese's etymological orthography.
Politics of Alberta
The politics of Alberta are centred on a provincial government resembling that of the other Canadian provinces, namely a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy. The capital of the province is Edmonton, where the provincial Legislative Building is located.

The unicameral legislature, the Alberta Legislature, is composed of the Lieutenant Governor and the Legislative Assembly, which has 87 members. Government is conducted after the Westminster model. 
Alberta has a single-tier system of municipal government similar to that of most of the other provinces.

Westminster system
The Westminster system, or Westminster model, is a type of parliamentary government modelled on that of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Key aspects of the system include an executive branch made up of members of the legislature which is responsible to the legislature, the presence of parliamentary opposition parties, and a ceremonial head of state who is separate from the head of government. The term derives from the Palace of Westminster, the seat of the British parliament. The Westminster system can be contrasted with the presidential system, which originated in the United States, and with the semi-presidential system based on the government of France.

The Westminster system is used, or was once used, in the national and subnational legislatures of most former colonies of the British Empire upon gaining self-government, beginning with the Province of Canada in 1848. However, many former colonies have since adopted other forms of government.
Valentina Pinelo
Valentina Pinelo was a Spanish poet and writer at the beginning of the 17th century, during the Spanish Golden Age of politics and culture.

Born into a wealthy Genovese family, at age 4 years she was sent to a convent at San Leandro in Seville to become a nun. She was in contact with  certain intellectuals of the era, including the celebrated playwright Lope de Vega, who dedicated several laudatory poems to her.

She wrote Libro de las alabanzas y excelencias de la gloriosa Santa Ana published by Clemente Hidalgo in 1601. This work is studied by researchers of Mariology.

A street in Seville is named in Valentina Pinelo's honour.

San Leandro, California
San Leandro (Spanish for "St. Leander") is a city in Alameda County, California, United States. It is located in the East Bay of the San Francisco Bay Area; between Oakland to the northwest, and Ashland, Castro Valley, and Hayward to the southeast. The population was 91,008 as of the 2020 census.
Branko Kovačević (volleyball)
Branko Kovačević (Serbian Cyrillic: Бранко Ковачевић, born 27 February 1967) is a Serbian volleyball coach. He is currently the head coach of Olympiacos Piraeus women's volleyball team and the assistant coach of Serbia women's national volleyball team.

CEV Women's Challenge Cup
The CEV Women's Challenge Cup, formerly (from 1980 to 2007) known as CEV Women's Cup is the third official competition for women's volleyball clubs of Europe and takes place every year. It is organized by the Confédération Européenne de Volleyball (CEV) and was created as CEV Women's Cup in 1980 to allow more clubs to participate in European competitions. In 2007, it was renamed CEV Challenge Cup following a CEV decision to rename its second official competition (known as Top Teams Cup) to CEV Cup.
Flo Hyman
Flora Jean Hyman (July 31, 1954 – January 24, 1986) was an American volleyball player. She was an Olympic silver medalist and played professional volleyball in Japan.

Hyman was the most popular volleyball player in the world due to her talent and charisma. For her achievements and pioneering role, she was inducted into the International Volleyball Hall of Fame in 1988.

Honda Sports Award
The Honda Sports Award is an annual award in the United States, given to the best collegiate female athlete in each of twelve sports. There are four nominees for each sport, and the twelve winners of the Honda Sports Award are automatically in the running for the Honda-Broderick Cup award, as the Collegiate Woman Athlete of the Year. Three other athletes are honored as the Division II Athlete of the Year, Division III Athlete of the Year, and Inspiration Award winner.
My Love Story! (2015 film)
My Love Story!! (俺物語!!, Ore Monogatari!!) is a 2015 Japanese high school romantic comedy film directed by Hayato Kawai and based on the manga series of the same name written by Kazune Kawahara and illustrated by Aruko. It was released on October 31, 2015. Southeast Asian anime distributor ODEX began to release the film in Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines between January and February 2016.

Kazune Kawahara
Kazune Kawahara (Japanese: 河原 和音, Hepburn: Kawahara Kazune) is a Japanese manga artist who is best known for creating the romantic comedy shōjo manga High School Debut (Koukou Debut).
Kawahara has also published and authored several other manga series, most notably Ai no Tame ni and Aozora Yell, and mostly specialises in the genre of romance.
Hendrik van Steenwijk I
Hendrik van Steenwijck I (also Steenwyck, Steenwijk) (c. 1550 – buried 1 September 1603) was a Dutch Golden Age painter, from early in the period, known mainly for his church interiors.

Van Steenwijck was born in Kampen, and was a student of the architectural painter Hans Vredeman de Vries, and the father of Hendrik van Steenwijk II He is known to have worked in Aachen (1573–76), Antwerp (1577–85) and Frankfurt (from 1586 on), where he died.

Van Steenwijck is the earliest-known painter of architectural interiors, a genre that was popular in Dutch Golden Age and Flemish Baroque painting. In addition to introducing the new genre, he also worked with more natural lighting and perspectival space than found in the works of his teacher Vredeman de Vries.

Hans Vredeman de Vries
Hans Vredeman de Vries (1527 – c. 1607) was a Dutch Renaissance architect, painter, and engineer. Vredeman de Vries is known for his publication in 1583 on garden design and his books with many examples on ornaments (1565) and perspective (1604).

The Vredeman de Vries family included a number of artists and musicians.
Mark Pardo Shellworks Site
The Mark Pardo Shellworks Site is an archaeological site west of Bokeelia, Florida. It is located along the eastern edge of Cayo Costa Island in Cayo Costa State Park. On May 21, 1996, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.

The site has shell works, consisting of lines of shell deposits along the shore, and black dirt middens inland from the shells. There may also be features underwater in the adjacent black mangrove forest, dating to when the sea level was lower. The shell works are dominated by lightning whelk, with some horse conchs. Oyster, clam, conch and lightning whelk shells are also found in the middens. The shell works and middens are attributed to the Caloosahatchee culture IIA-IV period, about 500–1500. In 1992, the NRHP Registration Sheet described the Mark Pardo Shellworks as "one of the best preserved archaeological sites in the region." Since then, however, feral hogs have seriously damaged the site.

Bokeelia, Florida
Bokeelia is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) located on Pine Island in Lee County, Florida, United States. As of the 2020 census, the CDP had a population of 1,855, up from 1,780 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Cape Coral-Fort Myers, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area. Bokeelia is still home to one of Lee County's first pioneer families, the Padillas, who came by way of Cayo Costa.
Alexey Ryzhkov
Alexey Vladimirovich Ryzhkov (Russian:Алексей Владимирович Рыжков; born 20 December 1972), known as the Rubtsovsk Ripper, is a Russian serial killer who raped and murdered four women and a teenage girl in Rubtsovsk, Russia, between 2000 and 2001. He was caught by police shortly after murdering his last victim, and subsequently sentenced to life imprisonment.

Rubtsovsk
Rubtsovsk (Russian: Рубцо́вск, pronounced [rʊpˈtsofsk]) is a city in Altai Krai, Russia, located on the Aley River (Ob's tributary) 281 kilometers (175 mi) southwest of Barnaul. Population: 147,002 (2010 census); 163,063 (2002 census); 171,792 (1989 Soviet census); 167,000 (1975); 111,000 (1959); 75,334 (1939).

Rubtsovsk is the industrial center of Western Siberia. In particular, mechanical engineering. The city-forming enterprises are the Altai Tractor Plant, the Altai Agricultural Engineering Plant, and the Altai Tractor Electrical Equipment Plant.

Later, other large enterprises were put into operation: Rubtsovsk Machine-Building Plant, Rubtsovsk Tractor Spare Parts Plant.
ICCS
ICCS stands for:

Intercollegiate Center for Classical Studies, Italy

International Catholic Conference of Scouting

International Coin Certification Service, Canada

International Commission of Control and Supervision, United Nations

International Commission on Civil Status, Europe

International Council for Canadian Studies

International Classification of Crime for Statistical Purposes, a crime classification standard; see National Crime Records Bureau

International Coin Certification Service
International Coin Certification Service (ICCS) is a Canadian third-party coin certification company located in Toronto, Ontario. ICCS certification consists of grading, authentication, grade qualification, variety attribution, and other determinations. ICCS grades most world coins but is particularly known for grading Canadian dollars.

ICCS encases coins in a PET film envelope that is sealed in a plastic flip. The ICCS grading certificate is sealed in the other side of the flip.

ICCS Certified coin in soft flip

ICCS certificate
Governor of Hebei
The governor of Hebei, officially the Governor of the Hebei Provincial People's Government, is the head of Hebei Province and leader of the Hebei Provincial People's Government.

The governor is elected by the Hebei Provincial People's Congress, and responsible to it and its Standing Committee. The governor is a provincial level official and is responsible for the overall decision-making of the provincial government. The governor is assisted by an executive vice governor as well as several vice governors. The governor generally serves as the deputy secretary of the Hebei Provincial Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and as a member of the CCP Central Committee. The governor is the second highest-ranking official in the province after the secretary of the CCP Hebei Committee. The current governor is Wang Zhengpu, who took office on 21 October 2021.

Civil service of China
The civil service of China is the administrative system of the government which consists of all levels who run the day-to-day affairs in the country. The members of the civil service are selected through competitive examination.
Track gauge in South America
In South America, Argentina and Chile use 1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) track gauge, as well as 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) or metre gauge.

Brazil uses 1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in) (known as "Irish gauge", most common for passenger services and a few corridors in the Southeast) and 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) (known or "metre gauge", most common for cargo services). Exceptions are the Estrada de Ferro do Amapá north of the Amazon River, which has 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) gauge, and the Lines 4 and 5 of São Paulo Metro, which also use standard gauge.

Argentina (partly), Venezuela, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Peru use standard gauge.  In the past a few lines in Northern Chile also had standard gauge, as the only international railway between Arica (Chile) and Tacna (Peru), slightly more than 60 km, uses standard gauge.  The El Cerrejón Coal Railway in Colombia is also 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in).

There are and were also some lines using different narrow gauges; see Narrow-gauge railways in South America.

Estrada de Ferro do Amapá
The Amapá Railway is a former rail line built by Bethlehem Steel to exploit the manganese deposits in the territory of Amapá (now a state), Brazil. It is 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge, the only railway in the country to use this gauge aside from Line 5 of the São Paulo Metro. The line was also in use for passenger transport.

The line was about 194 kilometres (121 mi), spanning from mines near Serra do Navio to the port city of Santana. The rail line stopped transporting ore in 2014, and as of 2020, remains derelict.
André Bellemère
André Bellemère (23 September 1927 – 2 June 2014) was a French mycologist and lichenologist whose research on the development and ultrastructure of ascomycete asci and ascomata influenced late 20th-century fungal systematics. A long-serving professor at the École normale supérieure de Saint-Cloud, he combined teacher training with laboratory research and helped introduce routine electron microscopy into ascomycete taxonomy. He was also a leading figure in French lichenology as president of the Association française de lichénologie, compiler of extensive bibliographies of lichenological literature, and eponym of several genera and species of lichens and lichenicolous fungi.

Systematics
Systematics is the study of the diversification of living forms, both past and present, and the relationships among living things through time. Relationships are visualized as evolutionary trees (synonyms: phylogenetic trees, phylogenies).  Phylogenies have two components: branching order (showing group relationships, graphically represented in cladograms) and branch length (showing amount of evolution).  Phylogenetic trees of species and higher taxa are used to study the evolution of traits (e.g., anatomical or molecular characteristics) and the distribution of organisms (biogeography). Systematics, in other words, is used to understand the evolutionary history of life on Earth.

The word systematics is derived from the Latin word of Ancient Greek origin systema, which means systematic arrangement of organisms. Carl Linnaeus used 'Systema Naturae' as the title of his book.
Bharat Dynamics Limited
Bharat Dynamics Limited (BDL) is one of India's manufacturers of ammunitions and missile systems. It was founded in 1970 in Hyderabad, India. BDL has been working in collaboration with the Defence Research and Development Organisation and foreign original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) for manufacturing and supplying various missiles and allied equipment to Indian Armed Forces. The company began by producing a first-generation anti-tank guided missile — the French SS11B1. While fulfilling its basic role as a weapons system manufacturer, BDL has built up in-house research and development capabilities, primarily focusing on design and engineering activities. BDL has three manufacturing units, located at Kanchanbagh, Hyderabad; Bhanur, Medak district, and Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh.

Two new units are planned at Ibrahimpatnam, Ranga Reddy district, Telangana and Amravati, Maharashtra.

Amravati
Amravati is a city in Maharashtra located in the Vidarbha region. It is the ninth largest city in Maharashtra, India & second largest city in the Vidarbha region in terms of population. It is the administrative headquarter of Amravati district as well as Amravati Division which includes Amravati District, Akola District, Buldhana District, Washim District & Yavatmal District. It is one of Maharashtra's nominated cities under Smart Cities Mission.
Hafner–Sarnak–McCurley constant
The Hafner–Sarnak–McCurley constant is a mathematical constant representing the probability that the determinants of two randomly chosen square integer matrices will be relatively prime.  The probability depends on the matrix size, n, in accordance with the formula

where pk is the kth prime number. The constant is the limit of this expression as n approaches infinity. Its value is roughly 0.3532363719... (sequence A085849 in the OEIS).

Coprime integers
In number theory, two integers a and b are coprime, relatively prime or mutually prime if the only positive integer that is a divisor of both of them is 1. Consequently, any prime number that divides a does not divide b, and vice versa. This is equivalent to their greatest common divisor (GCD) being 1. One says also a is prime to b or a is coprime with b.

The numbers 8 and 9 are coprime, despite the fact that neither—considered individually—is a prime number, since 1 is their only common divisor. On the other hand, 6 and 9 are not coprime, because they are both divisible by 3. The numerator and denominator of a reduced fraction are coprime, by definition.
Battle of Svistov
The Battle of Svishtov took place during the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878. It was fought between the Ottoman Empire and Imperial Russia on 26 June 1877. It occurred when Russian general Mikhail Ivanovich Dragomirov crossed the Danube River in a fleet of small boats and attacked the Turkish fortress. The next day, Mikhail Skobelev attacked, forcing the Turkish garrison to surrender. In result, the Russian military became ready to attack Nikopol.

Mikhail Dragomirov
Mikhail Ivanovich Dragomirov (Russian: Михаи́л Ива́нович Драгоми́ров; 20 November [O.S. 8 November] 1830 – 28 October [O.S. 15 October] 1905) was a Russian Imperial general and military writer of Ukrainian origin. His grandfather Ivan Antonovych Dragomirecki-Mockewicz after being granted a noble title in 1786, changed his name from Dragomirecki to the Russified form of Dragomirov.
Antonio Dingle
Antonio Demetric Dingle (born October 7, 1976) is an American former football defensive tackle. He played in the National Football League (NFL) for the Green Bay Packers and the Carolina Panthers. Dingle played collegiately for the University of Virginia before being drafted by the Pittsburgh Steelers in the seventh round of the 1999 NFL draft. Dingle played for the Packers and Panthers in 1999. On March 25, 2002, Dingle signed with the Carolina Cobras. He has also played for the Rochester Brigade, New York Dragons, Tulsa Talons, Quad City Steamwheelers, Oklahoma City Yard Dawgz, Central Valley Coyotes, Florida Firecats, and Fayetteville Force.

Rochester Brigade
The Rochester Brigade was a professional arena football team based in Rochester, New York. The team was a member of af2, the minor league of the Arena Football League, and played their home games at the Blue Cross Arena. The Brigade began play in 2001 and ceased operations following the 2003 season.

The city of Rochester would be without an arena football team until 2006, with the arrival of the GLIFL's Rochester Raiders.
Lake Louise State Park
43°32′01″N 92°31′32″W﻿ / ﻿43.533576°N 92.525454°W﻿ / 43.533576; -92.525454
Lake Louise State Park is a Minnesota state park just north of the Iowa border near the small town of Le Roy in Mower County, Minnesota, directly south of Rochester.  It has a 25 acre man-made lake and 1,168 acres (5 km2) of mixed prairie and deciduous forest.  It is used for picnics, swimming, camping, hiking, horseback riding, and other outdoor recreation. It is noted for butterfly watching, as some rare species have been seen.  It features a picnic shelter which dates to the Public Works Administration era.

Butterfly watching
Butterfly watching is a hobby concerned with the observation and study of butterflies. It also includes the "catch and release" of butterflies. There are clubs, handbooks, checklists, and festivals devoted to the activity.

The Canada Day and Fourth of July annual butterfly count, a census of species by butterfly watchers throughout North America, is an example of citizen science.
Open Source Program Office
An Open Source Program Office (OSPO) is a department formed by subject-matter experts involved in free and open software. This team may also oversee the operation of open standards and digital public goods. It often includes an understanding of legal compliance issues and risk management, but is not limited to this. OSPOs can also play a role in culture change within an organization.

Open standard
An open standard is a standard that is openly accessible and usable by anyone. It is also a common prerequisite that open standards use an open license that provides for extensibility. Typically, anybody can participate in their development due to their inherently open nature. There is no single definition, and interpretations vary with usage. Examples of open standards include the GSM, 4G, and 5G standards that allow most modern mobile phones to work world-wide.