hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1899 Massachusetts legislature
The 120th Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1899 during the governorship of Roger Wolcott. George Edwin Smith served as president of the Senate and John L. Bates served as speaker of the House.

HathiTrust
HathiTrust Digital Library is a large-scale collaborative repository of digital content from research libraries, administered by the University of Michigan. Its holdings include content digitized via Google Books and the Internet Archive digitization initiatives, as well as content digitized locally by libraries.
Adam Kotsko
Adam Kotsko (born 1980) is an American theologian, religious scholar, culture critic, and translator, working in the field of political theology. He served as an Assistant Professor of Humanities at Shimer College in Chicago, which was absorbed into North Central College in 2017. He writes about philosophers Slavoj Žižek and Giorgio Agamben, as well as American pop culture.

North Central College
North Central College is a private college in Naperville, Illinois, United States. It is affiliated with the United Methodist Church and has 73 undergraduate majors of study, 17 minors, 25 graduate programs, and 4 certificate programs offered by four undergraduate colleges/schools (College of Arts and Sciences, School of Business and Entrepreneurship, School of Education and Health Sciences, Shimer Great Books School) and one School of Graduate and Professional Studies.
John Hendricks
John Samuel Hendricks (born March 29, 1952) is an American businessman and the founder and former chairman of Discovery, Inc. (later Warner Bros. Discovery), a broadcasting and film production company which owned the Discovery Channel, TLC, and Animal Planet networks, among other ventures. On March 20, 2014, after 32 years at the helm, he made public his intention to retire as chairman of Discovery Communications after the annual shareholders' meeting of May 16, 2014. He moved on to found Curiosity Stream, an ad-free, on-demand streaming service.

Annual general meeting
An annual general meeting (AGM, also known as the annual meeting) is a meeting of the general membership of an organization.

These organizations include membership associations and companies with shareholders.

These meetings may be required by law or by the constitution, charter, or by-laws governing the body. The meetings are held to conduct business on behalf of the organization or company.
Brian Sun
Brian Alfred Sun (born August 12, 1954) is an American trial lawyer and partner of the law firm Norton Rose Fulbright in the Los Angeles office.  His areas of practice are white collar criminal defense, LA-based entertainment litigation, and political sagas, and has been involved in high-profile criminal trials.

White-collar crime
The term "white-collar crime" refers to financially motivated, nonviolent or non-directly violent crime committed by individuals,  businesses and government professionals. The crimes are believed to be committed by middle- or upper-class individuals for financial gains.  It was first defined by the sociologist Edwin Sutherland in 1939 as "a crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of their occupation". Typical white-collar crimes could include wage theft, fraud, bribery, Ponzi schemes, insider trading, labor racketeering, embezzlement, cybercrime, copyright infringement, money laundering, identity theft, and forgery. White-collar crime overlaps with corporate crime.
Rhynchospora holoschoenoides
Rhynchospora holoschoenoides, known by the common name of fly beaksedge, is a member of the sedge family, Cyperaceae. It is a perennial herb, found throughout the Caribbean, Central and South America and western and southern Africa.

Rhynchospora holoschoenoides grows between 40 and 130 centimeters tall in swamps and ponds. It features distinctive spherical spikelets at the ends of its branches, a trait it shares with Rhynchospora rubra subsp. africana, but can be distinguished by the presence of spikelets on multiple branches, whereas R. rubra possesses only a single spikelet on its central stem.

Spikelet
A spikelet, in botany, describes the typical  arrangement of the inflorescences of grasses, sedges and some other monocots.

Each spikelet has one or more florets.: 12  The spikelets are further grouped into panicles or spikes. The part of the spikelet that bears the florets is called the rachilla.: 13
Ritschert
Ričet (German: Ritschert) is a traditional Slovenian, Croatian, Austrian and Bavarian dish. It is a thick soup containing pot barley, beans, potatoes, carrots, parsley, celery, leeks, tomatoes, onions, garlic, and usually a substantial amount of cured pork. Depending on the amount of water used, it may be a soup or a thick porridge similar to a risotto.

Carrot
The carrot (Daucus carota subsp. sativus) is a root vegetable, typically orange in colour, though heirloom variants including purple, black, red, white, and yellow cultivars exist, all of which are domesticated forms of the wild carrot, Daucus carota, native to Europe and Southwestern Asia. The plant probably originated in Iran and was originally cultivated for its leaves and seeds.

The carrot is a biennial plant in the umbellifer family, Apiaceae. World production of carrots (combined with turnips) for 2022 was 42 million tonnes, led by China producing 44% of the total.

The characteristic orange colour is from beta-carotene, making carrots a rich source of  vitamin A. A myth that carrots help people to see in the dark was spread as propaganda in the Second World War, to account for the reason of British pilots' ability to fight in the dark; the real explanation was the introduction of radar.
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines patrol vessel Captain Hugh Mulzac
Captain Hugh Mulzac is a County-class offshore patrol vessel of the Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Coast Guard. Built for the Jamaica Defence Force Coast Guard as HMJS Middlesex in 2005, the vessel was purchased in 2019 by Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. It operates in the territorial waters of the island nation, performing maritime security and search and rescue missions. It is the second ship to be named for Hugh Mulzac, a Vincentian native who was the first African-American commercial ship captain, commanding the SS Booker T. Washington in World War II.

SS Booker T. Washington
Booker T. Washington was a United States Maritime Commission (MC) Liberty ship and the first major oceangoing ship and first of 17 Liberty ships that were named after African-Americans. The ship was named for Booker T. Washington, notable educator, author, orator, and advisor to presidents of the United States. At launch Mary McLeod Bethune gave the address and notable singer Marian Anderson christened the ship.

Hugh Mulzac, the first African-American earn a United States Merchant Marine master's license and only African American to have such license was selected to command a ship after acceptance trials. In 1942, the ship had an integrated crew of 18 nationalities.  Between 1942 and 1947, it had made 22 round trip voyages ferrying troops and supplies to Europe and the Pacific theatre.
Walther Wangerin
Walther Wangerin (15 April 1884, in Giebichenstein, Halle an der Saale – 19 April 1938, in Danzig-Langfuhr) was a German botanist.

He studied mathematics and natural sciences at the University of Halle, receiving his doctorate in 1906. Following graduation, he worked as an assistant to Adolf Engler at the botanical garden in Berlin-Dahlem. In 1909 he became a schoolteacher in Burg bei Magdeburg, and from 1913 taught classes at the technical school in Danzig. In 1920 he was appointed divisional director at the Danzig Museum of Natural History and Prehistory.

He made contributions regarding the plant families Alangiaceae, Cornaceae, Garryaceae and Nyssaceae in Engler's Das Pflanzenreich. The botanical genus Wangerinia (E.Franz, 1908; family Caryophyllaceae) is probably named after him, although etymological data is lacking.

Wrzeszcz
Wrzeszcz (pronounced [vʐɛʂt͡ʂ] ⓘ, German: Langfuhr; Kashubian: Wrzészcz) is one of the boroughs of the Northern Polish city of Gdańsk. With a population of more than 65,000 in an area of 9.9 square kilometres (3.8 square miles) (population density 6,622), Wrzeszcz is the most populous part of Gdańsk.
The Cottage in a Cornfield
The Cottage in a Cornfield is an 1833 landscape painting by the British artist John Constable. It depicts a cottage in a cornfield located near East Bergholt in his native Suffolk. The donkey was based on a study Constable had produced in 1815 but the completed picture wasn't finished until March 1833. The painting was one of four works Constable displayed at the Royal Academy Exhibition of 1833 at Somerset House.
Today it is in the collection of the Victoria and Albert Museum in London, having been presented by the artist's daughter Isabel in 1888.

It is similar to an earlier painting known as A Cottage in a Cornfield which Constable displayed at the Royal Academy and British Institution in 1817-1818 and is now in the National Museum Cardiff.

Somerset House
Somerset House is a large neoclassical building complex situated on the south side of the Strand in central London, overlooking the River Thames, just east of Waterloo Bridge. The Georgian era quadrangle is built on the site of a Tudor palace ("Old Somerset House") originally belonging to the Duke of Somerset. The present Somerset House was designed by Sir William Chambers, begun in 1776, and was further extended with Victorian era outer wings to the east and west in 1831 and 1856 respectively. The site of Somerset House stood directly on the River Thames until the Victoria Embankment was built in the late 1860s.

The great Georgian era structure was built to be a grand public building housing various government and public-benefit society offices. Its present tenants are a mixture of various organisations, generally centred around the arts and education.
Coleman Lindsey
Coleman Lindsey (died November 7, 1968) was an American politician who served in the Louisiana Senate from 1924 to 1928 and 1932 to 1939 as a Democrat, when he became the lieutenant governor of Louisiana.

Lindsey died at the age of 76 on November 7, 1968.

Louisiana State Senate
The Louisiana State Senate (French: Sénat d'État de Louisiane; Spanish: Senado del Estado de Luisiana) is the upper house of the Louisiana State Legislature. Senators serve four-year terms and participate in various committees.
1971 NBA All-Star Game
The 1971 NBA All-Star Game was played at the San Diego Sports Arena, in San Diego, California, the home of the San Diego Rockets, on January 12, 1971.

The coach for the East team was Red Holzman of the New York Knicks and the West team was coached by Larry Costello of the Milwaukee Bucks, as both teams had led their respective conferences. Officials for the game were Mendy Rudolph and Ed T. Rush. The announced attendance was 14,378. West beat the East 108–107. Lenny Wilkens of the Seattle SuperSonics was named the game's most valuable player, scoring 21 points.

Larry Costello
Lawrence Ronald Costello (July 2, 1931 – December 13, 2001) was an American professional basketball player and coach. He played for the  Philadelphia Warriors and the Syracuse Nationals / Philadelphia 76ers of the NBA, and the Wilkes-Barre Barons of the EPBL. He served as head coach of the Milwaukee Bucks and the Chicago Bulls.

A six-time All-Star, Costello was one of the National Basketball Association's last two-handed set shooters. As the inaugural coach of the Bucks, he led them to a championship in their third season of existence in 1971, the fastest run for an expansion team in NBA history. In ten seasons as a coach, Costello reached the postseason six times, while winning 37 of his 60 postseason games as coach, for a winning percentage of 61.7%, tenth best in NBA history (through the 2024–2025 season). In 2022, Costello was inducted into the Naismith Basketball Hall of Fame as a contributor.
Wake-on-LAN
Wake-on-LAN (WoL) is an Ethernet or Token Ring computer networking standard that allows a computer to be turned on or awakened from sleep mode by a network message.
The message is usually sent to the target computer by a program executed on a device connected to the same local area network (LAN). It is also possible to initiate the message from another network by using subnet directed broadcasts or a WoL gateway service. It is based upon AMD's Magic Packet Technology, which was co-developed by AMD and Hewlett-Packard, following its proposal as a standard in 1995. The standard saw quick adoption thereafter through IBM, Intel and others.

If the computer being awakened is communicating via Wi-Fi, a supplementary standard called Wake on Wireless LAN (WoWLAN) must be employed.
The WoL and WoWLAN standards are often supplemented by vendors to provide protocol-transparent on-demand services, for example in the Apple Bonjour wake-on-demand (Sleep Proxy) feature.

Token Ring
Token Ring is a physical and data link layer computer networking technology used to build local area networks. It was introduced by IBM in 1984, and standardized in 1989 as IEEE 802.5. It uses a special three-byte frame called a token that is passed around a logical ring of workstations or servers. This token passing is a channel access method providing fair access for all stations, and eliminating the collisions of contention-based access methods.

Following its introduction, Token Ring technology became widely adopted, particularly in corporate environments, but was gradually eclipsed by newer iterations of Ethernet. The last formalized Token Ring standard that was completed was Gigabit Token Ring (IEEE 802.5z), published on May 4, 2001.
Gray graph
In the mathematical field of graph theory, the Gray graph is an undirected bipartite graph with 54 vertices and 81 edges. It is a cubic graph: every vertex touches exactly three edges. It was discovered by Marion C. Gray in 1932 (unpublished), then discovered independently by Bouwer 1968 in reply to a question posed by Jon Folkman 1967. The Gray graph is interesting as the first known example of a cubic graph having the algebraic property of being edge but not vertex transitive (see below).

The Gray graph has chromatic number 2, chromatic index 3, radius 6 and diameter 6. It is also a 3-vertex-connected and 3-edge-connected non-planar graph.

Edge connectivity
In graph theory, a connected graph is k-edge-connected if it remains connected whenever fewer than k edges are removed.

The edge-connectivity of a graph is the largest k for which the graph is k-edge-connected.

Edge connectivity and the enumeration of k-edge-connected graphs was studied by Camille Jordan in 1869.
William Haner Polygonal Barn
The William Haner Polygonal Barn was a historic building located near Pisgah in rural Harrison County, Iowa, United States. It was built in 1912 by Comstock Construction. The 12-sided structure measured 54 feet (16 m) in diameter and featured white horizontal siding with a block foundation, a two-pitch roof, and a large hay dormer on the south side. It was originally used as a Purebred Hereford cattle barn. The barn was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986. It was destroyed in a fire caused by lightning in 2002.

Harrison County, Iowa
Harrison County is a county located in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2020 census, the population was 14,582. The county seat is Logan. The county was formed in 1851. It was named for the ninth US President William Henry Harrison. Harrison County is included in the Omaha-Council Bluffs metropolitan area.
Red Room Sessions (Busted EP)
Red Room Sessions is an EP by Busted which was released as a limited edition promotional CD single. It could be obtained by collecting a certain amount of tokens through Smash Hits and cans of Coca-Cola. Accordingly, its catalogue number was "COKE01".

The CD contained two songs from their first album Busted — including an exclusive mix of "What I Go to School For" — with a cover of the 1964 Beach Boys song "Fun, Fun, Fun", first released as a B-side to "Year 3000".

The Red Room Sessions was a series of live performances by pop acts, held in small venues with up-and-coming artists providing support.

Fun, Fun, Fun
"Fun, Fun, Fun" is a song by the American rock band the Beach Boys from their 1964 album Shut Down Volume 2. Written by Brian Wilson and Mike Love, it is one of their early songs that defined the idyllic pop aesthetic later dubbed the "California myth". It was released as a single in February, backed with "Why Do Fools Fall in Love", and reached number five in the U.S. charts.
Biathlon at the 2026 Winter Olympics – Women's mass start
The women's mass start competition of the 2026 Winter Olympics was held on 21 February, at the Anterselva Biathlon Arena in Rasen-Antholz. Océane Michelon of France won the event, thus securing her first individual Olympic gold. Her teammate Julia Simon won the silver medal, and Tereza Voborníková of the Czech Republic won bronze, her first Olympic medal.

South Tyrol Arena
The South Tyrol Arena (in Italian Arena Alto Adige; in German Südtirol Arena) is a biathlon stadium in the municipality of Rasen-Antholz, in South Tyrol (Italy).

The facility hosted the biathlon competitions of the 2026 Winter Olympics of Milan-Cortina.
Dynamic trimming
Dynamic trimming or dynamic trim optimization is an automated process used to control the trim of a large ship. The trim of a ship is the height difference between the draft of its hull. It represents the angle at which the ship is floating, relative to a designated water line. This angle is optimized using ballast to achieve minimum water resistance and reduce fuel consumption.

A dynamic trimming system operates continually on seagoing vessels, and uses multidimensional analysis of real-time data on vessel attitude collected automatically from sensor networks. The system continuously calculates the key forces affecting the vessel attitude. The key metrics are graphically displayed in specialized software to facilitate decision-making. The system helps officers ensure that their vessels are operated efficiently.

Real-time data
Real-time data (RTD) is information that is delivered immediately after collection. There is no delay in the timeliness of the information provided. Real-time data is often used for navigation or tracking. Such data is usually processed using real-time computing although it can also be stored for later or off-line data analysis.

Real-time data is not the same as dynamic data. Real-time data can be dynamic (e.g. a variable indicating current location) or static (e.g. a fresh log entry indicating location at a specific time).
French articles and determiners
In French, articles and determiners are required on almost every common noun, much more so than in English. They are inflected to agree in gender (masculine or feminine) and number (singular or plural) with the noun they determine, though most have only one plural form (for masculine and feminine). Many also often change pronunciation when the word that follows them begins with a vowel sound.

While articles are actually a subclass of determiners (and in traditional grammars  most French determiners are in turn a subclass of adjectives), they are generally treated separately; thus, they are treated separately here as well.

Noun
In grammar, a noun is a word that represents a concrete or abstract thing, like living creatures, places, actions, qualities, states of existence, and ideas. A noun may serve as an object or subject within a phrase, clause, or sentence.

In linguistics, nouns constitute a lexical category (part of speech) defined according to how its members combine with members of other lexical categories. The syntactic occurrence of nouns differs among languages.

In English, prototypical nouns are common nouns or proper nouns that can occur with determiners, articles and attributive adjectives, and can function as the head of a noun phrase. According to traditional and popular classification, pronouns are distinct from nouns, but in much modern theory they are considered a subclass of nouns.  Every language has various linguistic and grammatical distinctions between nouns and verbs.
2017 Westmeath Senior Football Championship
The 2017 Westmeath Senior Football Championship is the 113th edition of the Westmeath GAA's premier club Gaelic football tournament for senior graded teams in County Westmeath, Ireland. The tournament consists of 12 teams, with the winner going on to represent Westmeath in the Leinster Senior Club Football Championship. The championship starts with a group stage and then progresses to a knock out stage.

St. Loman's Mullingar were the defending champions after they defeated Tyrrellspass in the previous years final to complete a "2-in-a-row" of titles.

This was Rosemount's return to the senior grade after a 17-year exodus when claiming the 2016 Westmeath Intermediate Football Championship title.

Westmeath GAA
The Westmeath County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) (Irish: Cumann Lúthchleas Gael Coiste Chontae na hIarmhí) or Westmeath GAA is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland, and is responsible for Gaelic games in County Westmeath. The county board is also responsible for the Westmeath county teams.

The county football team won the Leinster Senior Football Championship in 2004. The county hurling team contests the Liam MacCarthy Cup via the Leinster Senior Hurling Championship.
Slabtown, Pennsylvania
Slabtown is a census-designated place in Columbia County, Pennsylvania, United States.  It is part of Northeastern Pennsylvania. The population was 145 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Bloomsburg-Berwick micropolitan area.

Northeastern Pennsylvania
Northeastern Pennsylvania (NEPA or Nepa; sometimes pronounced /ˈniːpɑː/ NEE-pah) is a region of the U.S. state of Pennsylvania that includes the Pocono Mountains, and the industrial cities of Scranton (the area's largest city), Wilkes-Barre, Pittston, Hazleton, Nanticoke, and Carbondale. A portion of this region is located in the New York City metropolitan area. Recently, Pennsylvania tourism boards have described Northeastern Pennsylvania as Upstate Pennsylvania.

Unlike most other parts of the Rust Belt, some of the communities are experiencing a modest population increase, and others, including Monroe and Pike counties, rank among the state's fastest growing counties.

Northeastern Pennsylvania borders the Pennsylvania Wilds to the west, the New York State Southern Tier and Hudson Valley regions to the north and northeast, Sussex and Warren counties in New Jersey to the east, and the Lehigh Valley to the south.
Mamoiada
Mamoiada (Sardinian: Mamujada) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Nuoro in the Italian region of Sardinia, located about 110 km (68 mi) north of Cagliari and about 12 km (7 mi) southwest of Nuoro. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 2,582 and an area of 49.0 square kilometres (18.9 sq mi).

The town is known for its traditional carnival costumes, including distinctive masks worn by the mamuthones and issohadores. The local museum houses some masks also from other part of Sardinia and Europe.

Mamoiada borders the following municipalities: Fonni, Gavoi, Nuoro, Ollolai, Orani, Orgosolo, Sarule.

Orgosolo
Orgosolo (Sardinian: Orgòsolo) is a comune (municipality) located in the Province of Nuoro, in the autonomous region of Sardinia, at about 110 kilometres (68 mi) north of Cagliari and about 13 kilometres (8 mi) south of Nuoro. 
The municipality is famous for its murals. These political paintings can be found on walls all over Orgosolo. Since about 1969, the murals reflect different aspects of Sardinia's political struggles but also deal with international issues.

Vittorio De Seta's movie Banditi a Orgosolo (1961) focuses on the past way of life in central Sardinia and on the phenomenon of "Banditry" in the region. At one time Orgosolo was known as the "village of the murderers" due to its high crime rate. Bandits of the surrounding mountains used the church door to post notices of death sentence passed on their enemies.