hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stefano Podestà
Stefano Podestà (born 1 August 1939) is a retired Italian academic. He was the vice-rector of Bocconi University in Milan before involving in politics. He served as the minister of university, scientific and technological research in the first cabinet of Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi. Podestà was appointed to the post in May 1994 being one of the Northern League members in the cabinet. He replaced Umberto Colombo in the post. During his term, Podestà attempted to reform the established ways of the appointment of academics. Giorgio Salvini replaced Podestà in the post of minister of university, scientific and technological research. In 2011 Podestà was given the title of the emeritus professor in the field of management and technology at the University of Bocconi.

He has been the author and editor of various books and articles.

First Berlusconi government
The first Berlusconi government was the 51st government of the Italian Republic.

It was the first right-wing and non-Christian Democrats government since World War II.

Berlusconi resigned on 22 December 1994.
Margaret Smith (Scottish politician)
Margaret Joy Smith (born 18 February 1961) is a Scottish Liberal Democrat politician. She is the former Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for the Edinburgh West constituency, a seat she held from 1999 Scottish Parliament election until 2011 Scottish Parliament election. She was the Scottish Liberal Democrats Spokesperson for Education. She was the first openly lesbian MSP.

At the 2011 election, she lost her seat to the Scottish National Party's Colin Keir who won with a majority of 2,689. As the Liberal Democrats failed to win any seats on the Lothian regional list, Smith was not returned as an MSP. Her constituency seat was however won back in 2016 by the Liberal Democrats candidate Alex Cole-Hamilton.

Lothian (Scottish Parliament electoral region)
Lothian is one of the eight electoral regions of the Scottish Parliament. Nine of the parliament's 73 first past the post constituencies are sub-divisions of the region and it elects seven of the 56 additional-member Members of the Scottish Parliament (MSPs). Thus it elects a total of 16 MSPs. The region is located in the eastern area of the Central Belt of the Scottish Lowlands and is anchored by capital city of Scotland, Edinburgh.

The Lothian region was created as a result of the First Periodic Review of Scottish Parliament Boundaries and largely replaced the 
Lothians region.

As a result of the Second Periodic Review of Scottish Parliament Boundaries the region will be replaced by the Edinburgh and Lothians East electoral region for the 2026 Scottish Parliament election.
Gashnuiyeh-ye Pain
Gashnuiyeh-ye Pain (Persian: گشنوئيه پائين, also Romanized as Gashnū’īyeh-ye Pā’īn and Goshnū’īyeh-ye Pā’īn; also known as Gashnoo’eyeh, Gashnū’īyeh, and Gūshnūyeh-ye Pā’īn) is a village in Dar Agah Rural District, in the Central District of Hajjiabad County, Hormozgan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 14, in 4 families.

Hajjiabad County
Hajjiabad County (Persian: شهرستان حاجی‌آباد) is in Hormozgan province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Hajjiabad, about 100 km north of Bandar Abbas (the capital of the province), and best known for its citrus produce.
Cariacica
Cariacica is a municipality in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil, part of the Greater Vitória metropolitan area.

Its privileged location makes Cariacica an important center between the coast and the mountainous region of Espírito Santo, being crossed by highways BR-262 and BR-101, and by important railways such as the Vitória a Minas Railway and the Leopoldina Railway.

Leopoldina Railway
The Leopoldina Railway (Portuguese: Estrada de Ferro Leopoldina) was the first railroad established in the current state of Minas Gerais. Located in the southeast of Brazil, it was inaugurated in 1874. it reached over 3,200 kilometers of track, including racks on the stretches of the Serra do Mar.

During its history, the railway experienced serious crises and was controlled by farmers, merchants and British creditors. In 1957, the Rede Ferroviária Federal (RFFSA) assumed responsibility for the lines. However, the measures were ineffective and the railroad progressively lost its branches, being dissolved in 1975. Part of the railroad was transferred to the management of Ferrovia Centro-Atlântica, with a majority of its circuit suppressed and the remainder operating freight transport.
Macro-creatine kinase
Macro-creatine kinase (macro-CK) is a macroenzyme, an enzyme of high molecular weight and prolonged half-life found in human serum. It is one of the most common macroenzymes. Macro-CK type 1 is a complex formed by one of the creatine kinase isoenzyme types, typically CK-BB, and antibodies; typically IgG, sometimes IgA, rarely IgM. Macro-CK type 2 is formed from mitochondrial CK polymer.

Macro-CK type 1 has been associated with autoimmune and other chronic conditions. Macro-CK type 2 has been associated with malignancy.

Macro-CK has been implicated as a source of interference in interpretation of medical labs.

Isozyme
In biochemistry, isozymes (also known as isoenzymes or more generally as multiple forms of enzymes or isoforms) are enzymes that differ in amino acid sequence but catalyze the same chemical reaction.  Isozymes usually have different kinetic parameters (e.g. different KM values), or are regulated differently.  They permit the fine-tuning of metabolism to meet the particular needs of a given tissue or developmental stage.

In many cases, isozymes are encoded by homologous genes that have diverged over time.  Strictly speaking, enzymes with different amino acid sequences that catalyse the same reaction are isozymes if encoded by different genes, or allozymes if encoded by different alleles of the same gene; the two terms are often used interchangeably.
Alessandro Antonelli
Alessandro Antonelli (14 July 1798 – 18 October 1888) was an Italian architect of the 19th century. He was the most prominent Neoclassical 19th-century architect in Piedmont, with a long and prolific career that included designs for houses, churches and major urban planning schemes. His most famous works are the Mole Antonelliana in Turin, one of the tallest masonry structures ever erected, and both the Novara Cathedral and the Basilica of San Gaudenzio in Novara.

Maggiora
Maggiora is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Novara in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) northeast of Turin and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) northwest of Novara.

Maggiora borders the following municipalities: Boca, Borgomanero, Cureggio, Gargallo, and Valduggia.
Milton Rice Polland
Milton Rice Polland (June 13, 1909 – September 2, 2006) was an American life insurance executive, businessman and political activist from Wisconsin, who served as an Ambassador-at-Large for the Republic of the Marshall Islands.

Senior management
Senior management, executive management, or upper management is an occupation at the highest level of management of an organization, performed by individuals who have the day-to-day tasks of managing the organization, sometimes a company or a corporation.
Seneca Presbyterian Church
Seneca Presbyterian Church, also known as the "Number Nine" Church, is a historic Presbyterian church located at Stanley in Ontario County, New York. The original section of the church was constructed in 1838.  It was widened in 1863 and the bell tower and front vestibule added about 1873. The church took its final form in 1889, with additional changes to the vestibule and interior decoration.  The interior features a trompe l'oeil fresco depicting a succession of arched openings and rooms with coffered ceilings and checkered floors.  Also on the property is the church cemetery and chapel or parish house.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.

Ontario County, New York
Ontario County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 112,458. The county seat is Canandaigua. The county is part of the Finger Lakes region of the state.

Ontario County is part of the Rochester, New York metropolitan area.

In 2006, Progressive Farmer rated Ontario County as the "Best Place to Live" in the U.S., for its "great schools, low crime, excellent health care" and its proximity to Rochester.
Katja Lange-Müller
Katja Lange-Müller (born 13 February 1951) is a German writer living in Berlin. Her works include several short stories and novellas, radio dramas, and dramatic works.

The daughter of Inge Lange, an East German party functionary, Katja Lange-Müller was born in Berlin-Lichtenberg.  She was expelled from school at the age of 17 for "unsocialist" behavior.  From an early age, she and her circle of friends were carefully watched by the Stasi.  Prevented from attending college, she first learned to be a typesetter, and later worked as a nurse in a psychiatric clinic.  At the age of 28, she was accepted to the "Johannes R. Becher" Literature Institute in Leipzig, marking the beginning of her career as a writer.

Typesetting
Typesetting is the composition of text for publication, display, or distribution by means of arranging physical type (or sort) in mechanical systems or glyphs in digital systems representing characters (letters and other symbols). Stored types are retrieved and ordered according to a language's orthography for visual display. Typesetting requires one or more fonts (which are widely but erroneously confused with and substituted for typefaces).

One significant effect of typesetting was that authorship of works could be spotted more easily, making it difficult for copiers who have not gained permission.
Nick Tobier
Nick Tobier is an American artist, designer and an academic. He is a Professor at the Penny W. Stamps School of Art & Design at the University of Michigan.

Tobier is most known for his participant-observation of public spaces, eventually transforming them into hubs of social connection and interaction. His work has been featured at venues including the Prague Quadrennial, Split Biennial, Museum of Contemporary Art Detroit, the Chicago Cultural Center, and the Smithsonian. For his work, he has received grants from various institutions, including the National Endowment of Arts and the Graham Foundation. He is the author of publications, including, with Juliane Stiegele, Utopia Toolbox: An Incitement to Radical Creativity, Parking Lot Theater, and Looping Detroit: A People Mover Travelogue, and the recipient of the 2009 Ernest Lynton Award.

Stamps School of Art and Design
The Stamps School of Art and Design is the school of art and design of the University of Michigan, located in Ann Arbor, Michigan. The school offers undergraduate and graduate degree programs in art and design.

Established as the School of Art and Design in 1974, the School of Art and Design is one of 19 schools and colleges at the University of Michigan. It is fully accredited by the National Association of Schools of Art and Design. The school's academic programs and projects focus on generating new creative work, integrating the cultures of art and design, and engaging with the university, region, and national and international communities. In 2012, the School of Art and Design was renamed for Penny and E. Roe Stamps in honor of their longtime support of the school, which included a US$32.5 million gift in September 2012.
Langenhan
Langenhan is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Andi Langenhan (born 1984), German luger

Anna Hirzel-Langenhan (1874–1951), Swiss pianist and music educator

Max Langenhan (born 1999), German luger

Andi Langenhan
Andi Langenhan (born 1 October 1984) is a German luger who has been competing since 1995 and has been on the German national team since 2001. He won two bronze medals in the men's singles event at the FIL World Luge Championships (2008, 2011).

Langenhan qualified for the 2010 Winter Olympics where he finished fifth.
Jim Henry (footballer, born 1975)
James Henry (born 7 July 1975) is a Scottish former football midfielder.

Henry began his career with Montrose. He spent a season and a half at Links Park, before dropping down to the
junior leagues with Lochee United. He returned to senior football in the summer of 2000, signing for Clyde. Henry never cemented his place as a first team regular at Clyde, and joined Stenhousemuir in March 2001. He went on to play for Forfar Athletic and Raith Rovers before returning to the juniors.

Stenhousemuir F.C.
Stenhousemuir Football Club is a Scottish football club located in Stenhousemuir, Falkirk. They are a member of the Scottish Professional Football League and currently play in Scottish League One after achieving automatic promotion from Scottish League Two in 2024.

Through much of its history, the team has competed in the lower leagues of Scottish football.

In September 2009, Stenhousemuir Football Club, Ltd. was re-registered as a Community Interest Company.
Steven Hogan
Steven Hogan (born 16 September 2007) is an Australian cricketer.

Hogan attended school at St Patrick's College. He played grade cricket for Sandgate-Redcliffe in the Queensland Premier Cricket competition by the age of 16.

Hogan was part of the Australia under-19 squad for their multiformat tour of India in 2024/25. He was part of the Australian squad again when India toured Australia in 2025.

Hogan was named in the Australia squad for the 2026 Under-19 Men's Cricket World Cup. In Australia's first game against Ireland, Hogan hit a century, finishing with 115 runs off 111 balls, as he guided Australia to victory.

Australia national under-19 cricket team
The Australian Under-19 cricket team have been playing official Under-19 test matches since 1978. Former captains include Stuart Law, Damien Martyn, Brad Haddin, Nathan Hauritz and Cameron White who have all gone on to play international cricket for Australia. They have won the Under-19 Cricket World Cup on four occasions, in 1988, 2002, 2010 and 2024, the second-most behind India.
Chip Dunham
Robert John "Chip" Dunham (b. La Crosse, Wisconsin) is a cartoonist best known as the creator of the comic strip Overboard, which debuted in 1990.

The strip - which tells the comical tale of a group of pirates - is distributed through Universal Press Syndicate. In 1993, the National Cartoonist Society nominated Overboard for Best Comic Strip.

Chip attended Crestwood High School in Dearborn Heights, Michigan, graduating in 1971. In high school, he was known for his writing talent.

In 1980, he received a journalism degree from the University of Wisconsin–Madison; he lives in Beverly Hills, Michigan.

Beverly Hills, Michigan
Beverly Hills is a village in Oakland County in the U.S. state of Michigan. A northern suburb of Detroit, Beverly Hills is located within Southfield Township, roughly 20 miles (32.2 km) northwest of downtown Detroit. As of the 2020 census, the village had a population of 10,599, making it the most populous village in the state by a wide margin.
Bach festival
A Bach festival is a music festival held to celebrate the memory of the German composer Johann Sebastian Bach (1685–1750). Various locations throughout the world hold festivals dedicated to Bach. A notable example is the Bachfest Leipzig, held each year in the city of Leipzig, where the composer worked as Thomaskantor for the last 27 years of his life.

Thomaskantor
Thomaskantor (Cantor at St. Thomas) is the common name for the musical director of the Thomanerchor, now an internationally known boys' choir founded in Leipzig in 1212. The official historic title of the Thomaskantor in Latin, Cantor et Director Musices, describes the two functions of cantor and director. As the cantor, he prepared the choir for service in four Lutheran churches, Thomaskirche (St. Thomas), Nikolaikirche (St. Nicholas), Neue Kirche (New Church) and Peterskirche (St. Peter). As director, he organized music for city functions such as town council elections and homages. Functions related to the university took place at the Paulinerkirche. 
Johann Sebastian Bach was the most famous Thomaskantor, from 1723 to 1750.
Siege of Aiginion
The siege of Aiginion took place in 168 BC in today's Kalabaka between the Roman Republic and the Macedonian Kingdom. Aiginion was described as a town with formidable defenses, so much so that in 197 BC the Roman General Titus Quinctius Flamininus chose to bypass the town due to its formidable defenses. The siege ended in Roman victory, and the town was subsequently destroyed. The Romans killed everyone they saw.

Kalabaka
Kalabaka (Greek: Καλαμπάκα, Kalabáka, alternative transliterations are Kalambaka and Kalampaka) is a town and seat of the municipality of Meteora in the Trikala regional unit, part of Thessaly in Greece. The population was 11,492 at the 2021 census, of which 8,573 in the town proper. The Meteora monasteries are located near the town. Kalabaka is the northwestern terminal of the old Thessaly Railways, now part of OSE.
Porajów
Porajów [pɔˈrajuf] (German: Großporitsch) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bogatynia, within Zgorzelec County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland, close to the Czech and German borders.

The village lies on a railway line and road running from Zittau in Germany to Hrádek nad Nisou village in Liberec district in the Czech Republic; however the trains do not stop on Polish territory.

There is a historic railway viaduct connecting Porajów with Zittau. There is also a Catholic church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus in the village.

Zgorzelec County
Zgorzelec County (Polish: powiat zgorzelecki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. It is situated in the extreme south-west of Poland, bordering both Germany and the Czech Republic. The county covers an area of 838.1 square kilometres (323.6 sq mi). Its administrative seat is Zgorzelec, on the German border; the other towns in the county are Bogatynia, Pieńsk, Zawidów and Węgliniec.

As of 2019 the total population of the county is 89,612. The most populated towns are Zgorzelec with 30,374 inhabitants and Bogatynia with 17,436 inhabitants.
Second Hand Heart (Gary Morris song)
"Second Hand Heart" is a song written by Mark Gray, Harold Tipton and Craig Karp, and recorded by American country music artist Gary Morris.  It was released in July 1984 as the second single from the album Faded Blue.  The song reached #7 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.

Gary Morris
Gary Gwyn Morris (born December 7, 1948) is an American singer and stage actor who charted a string of hits on the country music charts throughout the 1980s.

Morris is known for the 1983 ballad "The Wind Beneath My Wings", although his credits include more than twenty-five other chart singles on the Billboard country charts, including five No. 1 hits. He has also released nine studio albums, mostly in the country pop vein, with his 1983 album Why Lady Why having earned a gold certification from the RIAA.
Gresham Professor of Law
The Professor of Law at Gresham College, London, gives free educational lectures to the general public. The college was founded for this purpose in 1597, when it created seven professorships; this was later increased to ten. Law is one of the original professorships as set out by the will of Thomas Gresham in 1575.

The Professor of Law is appointed in partnership with the Worshipful Company of Mercers.

The Mercers' Company
The Mercers' Company, or the Worshipful Company of Mercers, is a livery company of the City of London in the Great Twelve City Livery Companies, and ranks first in the order of precedence of the Companies. Mercery was from a French term meaning a type of haberdasher but has previously been for a variety of goods and ultimately derived from the Latin for merchant.

Today, the Company exists primarily as a charitable institution, supporting a variety of causes. The company's motto is Honor Deo (Latin, "Honour to God").
Cedda
Cedda (alternatively Cadda or Chad) was the second son of Cuthwine and consequently a member of the Wessex family. He was born c. 590 and his death date is unknown. He had one recorded son, Coenberht, the father of King Caedwalla of Wessex.

His name is related to that of St Chad of Mercia (spelt Ceadda in Bede's Ecclesiastical History) and is derived from the Brythonic (British Celtic) root 'cat' or 'cad' meaning "battle."  It is one of a number of apparently Celtic names found in the West Saxon ruling family, including that of Cedda's grandson Caedwalla.

Chad of Mercia
Chad (died 2 March 672) was a prominent 7th-century Anglo-Saxon monk. He was an abbot, Bishop of the Northumbrians and then Bishop of the Mercians and Lindsey People. After his death he was known as a saint.

He was the brother of Bishop Cedd, also a saint. He features strongly in the work of Bede and is credited, together with Bishop Wilfrid of Ripon, with introducing Christianity to the Mercian kingdom.
Alhan Fahmy
Alhan Fahmy (born 2 January 1980) is a Maldivian politician who served as a  parliament member of the 17th People's Majlis sitting of Maldives representing the Addu Atoll Feydhoo constituency representing the then opposition party Dhivehi Rayyithunge Party under the leadership of former president Maumoon Abdul Gayoom.

Seenu Atoll
Seenu Atoll, historically known as Addu Atoll, is the southernmost atoll of the Maldives. Addu Atoll, together with Fuvahmulah, located 40 km north of Addu Atoll, extend the Maldives into the Southern Hemisphere. Addu Atoll is located 540 km south of Malé, the country's capital. Administratively, Addu Atoll is the location of Addu City, one of the four cities of the Maldives. Addu City consists of the inhabited areas of Addu Atoll, namely the natural islands of Hulhudhoo, Meedhoo, Maradhoo, Feydhoo, and Hithadhoo. (The districts of Addu City are not according to the natural islands that it comprises). In addition to the areas that are included as a part of Addu City, Addu Atoll has a number of other inhabited and uninhabited islands, including the island of Gan, where Gan International Airport is located.
Nimbochromis venustus
Nimbochromis venustus, commonly called venustus hap or giraffe hap, is a Haplochromine cichlid endemic to Lake Malawi in Africa. It prefers the deeper regions of the lake (6 to 23 metres (20 to 75 ft)) where it hunts smaller juvenile cichlids with a specialised hunting technique. After spotting prey, it will partially submerge itself into the sand and lie motionless until the chosen fish comes within reach. it will then dart out of the sand and strike. It is related to Nimbochromis livingstonii.  In the wild it is known to grow to 25 centimetres (9.8 in) TL though usually not exceeding a length of 22.5 centimetres (8.9 in) TL.

It is a popular freshwater aquarium fish. The fish are generally yellow with a pattern of darker, melanic blotches. Males will have a blue head and other blue colouring when they reach sexual maturity.

Lake Malawi
Lake Malawi, also known as Lake Nyasa in Tanzania and Lago Niassa in Mozambique, (Swahili: Ziwa Nyasa) is an African Great Lake and the southernmost lake in the East African Rift system, located between Malawi, Mozambique and Tanzania.

It is the fourth largest freshwater lake in the world by volume, the ninth largest lake in the world by area and the third largest and second deepest lake in Africa. Lake Malawi is home to more species of fish than any other lake in the world, including at least 700 species of cichlids. The Mozambique portion of the lake was officially declared a reserve by the Government of Mozambique on June 10, 2011, while in Malawi a portion of the lake is included in Lake Malawi National Park.

Lake Malawi is a meromictic lake, meaning that its water layers do not mix. The permanent stratification of Lake Malawi's water and the oxic-anoxic boundary are maintained by moderately small chemical and thermal gradients.