hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Eloise Hubbard Linscott
Eloise Hubbard Linscott (December 29, 1897 – 1978) was a 20th-century American folklorist, song collector, and preservationist. She is the author of Folk Songs of Old New England (1939), considered a valuable scholarly source for American folk songs. John Lee Brooks described Folk Songs of Old New England as an American equivalent of Bishop Percy's 1765 work Reliques of Ancient English Poetry.

Thomas Percy (bishop of Dromore)
Thomas Percy (13 April 1729 – 30 September 1811) was Bishop of Dromore, County Down, Ireland. Before being made bishop, he was chaplain to George III of the United Kingdom. Percy's greatest contribution is considered to be his Reliques of Ancient English Poetry (1765), the first of the great ballad collections, which was the one work most responsible for the ballad revival in English poetry that was a significant part of the Romantic movement.
Transitive set
In set theory, a branch of mathematics, a set  is called transitive if either of the following equivalent conditions holds:

whenever , and , then .

whenever , and  is not an urelement, then  is a subset of .

Similarly, a class  is transitive if every element of  is a subset of .

Subset
In mathematics, a set A is a subset of a set B if and only if all elements of A are also elements of B; B is then a superset of A. It is possible for A and B to be equal; if they are unequal, then A is a proper subset of B. The relationship of one set being a subset of another is called inclusion (or sometimes containment). A is a subset of B may also be expressed as B includes (or contains) A or A is included (or contained) in B. A k-subset is a subset with k elements.

When quantified,  is represented as

One can prove the statement  by applying a proof technique known as the element argument:

Let sets A and B be given. To prove that 
suppose that a is a particular but arbitrarily chosen element of A
show that a is an element of B.

The validity of this technique can be seen as a consequence of universal generalization: the technique shows  for an arbitrarily chosen element c. Universal generalisation then implies  which is equivalent to  as stated above.
Carlos Rivas Quiñones
Carlos Rivas Quiñones is an attorney, banker and economist, and a former  director of the Puerto Rico Office of Management and Budget.  Rivas currently serves as Senior Vice President in the mortgage business at Banco Popular de Puerto Rico. Rivas was previously the executive director of the Puerto Rico Financing of Housing Authority, a principal at the private equity fund Advent Morro Equity Partners, and a strategic management consultant at McKinsey and Company. Rivas hold a juris doctor from Stanford University, where focused on securities, corporate and transactional law, and a graduated with a bachelor's degree in economics from Princeton University.

Puerto Rico Office of Management and Budget
The Office of Management and Budget of Puerto Rico —Spanish: Oficina de Gerencia y Presupuesto de Puerto Rico (OGP)— is a Cabinet-level office, and the largest office within the Office of the Governor of Puerto Rico. The main job of the office is to help the governor prepare the budget. The office also measures the effectiveness of agency programs, policies, and procedures and see if they comply with the governor's policies. Its current director is Orlando C. Rivera Berrios.

OGP was created by virtue of Act 147 of 1980.
Carmen de Bolívar (song)
"Carmen de Bolívar" is a Colombian song written and performed by Lucho Bermúdez. The song, released in 1958, is about Bermudez's home town, El Carmen de Bolívar in Colombia's Bolívar Department.

Viva Music Colombia rated the song No. 14 on its list of the 100 most important Colombian songs of all time. In its list of the 50 best Colombian songs of all time, El Tiempo, Colombia's most widely circulated newspaper, ranked the version of the song by Lucho Bermudez and his orchestra at No. 20.

Bolívar Department
Bolívar (Spanish pronunciation: [boˈliβaɾ]) is a department of Colombia. It was named after one of the original nine states of the United States of Colombia. It is located to the north of the country, extending roughly north–south from the Caribbean coast at Cartagena near the mouth of the Magdalena River, then south along the river to a border with Antioquia Department. The departments of Sucre and Córdoba are located to the west, and Atlántico Department to the north and east (most of the border formed by the Canal del Dique). Across the Magdalena River to the east is Magdalena Department. The flag of the department bears a resemblance to the flag of Lithuania.

Its capital is Cartagena de Indias. Other important cities include Magangué, El Carmen de Bolívar and Turbaco.
Ramsden (crater)
Ramsden is a lunar impact crater located on the western stretch of the Palus Epidemiarum. It was named after British instrument maker Jesse Ramsden. To the east-southeast is the crater Capuanus, and to the north lies Dunthorne.

The floor of the crater has been flooded with lava, and contains several small impact craters. The rim is somewhat oval and irregular in outline, with depressions at the north and south walls. It has a slight rampart, but lacks terraces, a central peak, or a ray system.

The crater lies directly across a rille system named the Rimae Ramsden. These span an area 130 kilometers across, sprawling over the western Palus Epidemiarum. A branch reaches northwest to the Mare Nubium, passing between the craters Campanus and Mercator.

Jesse Ramsden
Jesse Ramsden FRS FRSE (6 October 1735 – 5 November 1800) was a British mathematician, astronomical and scientific instrument maker. His reputation was built on the engraving and design of dividing engines which allowed high accuracy measurements of angles and lengths in instruments. He produced instruments for astronomy that were especially well known for maritime use where they were needed for the measurement of latitudes and for his surveying instruments which were widely used for cartography and land survey both across the British Empire and outside. An achromatic eyepiece that he invented for telescopes and microscopes continues to be known as the Ramsden eyepiece.
John Page (MP for Harrow West)
Sir Arthur John Page (16 September 1919 – 31 October 2008), known as Sir John Page, was a British Conservative politician.

The son of Sir Arthur Page, sometime Chief Justice of Burma, Page was educated at Harrow and Magdalene College, Cambridge. He was a sales manager and chairman of the Bethnal Green and east London Housing Association.

Page first stood for Parliament at the 1959 general election in Eton and Slough, but without success. He was elected as member of parliament (MP) for Harrow West at a by-election in 1960, and held the seat until he retired from Parliament at the 1987 general election. In the House of Commons he was chairman of the Conservative Parliamentary Labour Affairs Committee from 1970 to 1974 (secretary 1960–61, vice-chairman 1964–69). He was knighted in 1984.

Eton and Slough
Eton and Slough was a parliamentary constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It elected one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first-past-the-post voting system.
Taichung Commercial Bank Headquarters
The Taichung Commercial Bank Headquarters, also known as Taichung Diamond (Chinese: 台中商銀新總行大樓 or Chinese: 台中之鑽) is an under construction skyscraper located in Taichung's 7th Redevelopment Zone, Xitun District, Taichung, Taiwan. It will be the tallest building in Taichung and the first building to surpass 200 m (660 ft) in Taichung. Designed by Aedas, the architectural height of building is 225 m (738 ft), the floor area is 115,310 m2 (1,241,200 sq ft), and it comprises 38 floors above ground, as well as 10 basement levels. It will be completed in 2025 and will become the headquarter of Taichung Bank as well as housing a luxury hotel.

Aedas
Aedas is an architectural firm founded by the Welsh architect Keith Griffiths. Aedas employs 1,000 staff in its twelve offices in Hong Kong, Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Singapore, Dubai, Riyadh, Delhi and Seattle and provides services in architecture, interior design, urban design, masterplanning and graphic design. It was established in 2002.
Acres (surname)
Acres is an English surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Adam Acres (1878–1955), Canadian politician

Ava Acres (born 2005), American actress

Basil Acres (1926–2000), English footballer

Birt Acres (1854–1918), American photographer and film pioneer

Blake Acres (born 1995), Australian rules footballer

Dick Acres (1934–2012), American college basketball coach

Harry Acres (1897–1968), British film score composer

Isabella Acres (born 2001), American actress

Mark Acres (born 1962), American basketball player

Fictional characters:

Bob Acres, a character in The Rivals

Bob Acres
Bob Acres is a character in Richard Brinsley Sheridan's The Rivals.

Acres was a coward, whose "courage always oozed out at his finger ends".  He was popularly played in the 19th century by American actor Joseph Jefferson.  (Jefferson named a Louisiana train station after this character; see Bob Acres, Louisiana.)

Winston Churchill quotes General Brabazon as emitting the name of this character when informed his force was not to attack the Boers at Dewetsdorp during the 1899 campaign.
Akwatia
6°3′00″N 0°48′0″W﻿ / ﻿6.05000°N 0.80000°W﻿ / 6.05000; -0.80000

Akwatia is the capital of Denkyembour, a district in the Eastern region of south Ghana and west of the Atewa Range in the Birim River basin. Akwatia or Akortia also means "He returned here or there" In the indigenous language formerly known as Oji-Ounji now called Anii. Akwatia has a 2013 settlement population of 23,766 people. Akwatia is the main center of diamond extraction in Ghana. The town is the center of the Denkyembour parliamentary constituency.

Atewa Range Forest Reserve
The Atewa Range Forest Reserve (also called the Atiwa-Atwaredu ranges) is in the Akyem Abuakwa region of southeastern Ghana, near the town of Kibi, and south-west of the Kwahu Plateau which forms the south-west boundary of Lake Volta. The range runs roughly north–south, consisting of steep-sided hills with fairly flat summits. It is the last remains of the Cenozoic peneplain that once covered southern Ghana, and contains ancient bauxitic soils.  The range is the site of an important forest reserve, and the source of three major rivers.
2011–12 in Uruguayan football
In the 2011–12 football season, the top league, Uruguayan Primera División, was won by Nacional. Progreso won the Segunda División and won promotion along with Central Español and Juventud. Three Uruguayan teams qualified for each of the 2011 Copa Sudamericana and 2012 Copa Libertadores. The national team played the first five of its qualifying matches for the 2014 FIFA World Cup, and took part in the 2011 Pan American Games, where the team lost to Argentina in the semifinal. National youth teams (U-20, U-17 and U-15) were also in action.

2014 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)
The South American Zone of 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification saw nine teams competing for 4 or 5 berths in the finals.  Brazil automatically qualified for the World Cup as the host nation so were not involved in CONMEBOL qualifying. Argentina, Colombia, Chile, Ecuador and Uruguay advanced to the World Cup.
Cophomantini
Cophomantini is a tribe of frogs in the subfamily Hylinae of the family Hylidae, the true treefrogs.

It contains the following genera:

Aplastodiscus Lutz, 1950 – canebrake treefrogs (16 species)

Boana Gray, 1825 – gladiator treefrogs (99 species)

Bokermannohyla Faivovich, Haddad, Garcia, Frost, Campbell & Wheeler, 2005 (30 species)

Hyloscirtus Peters, 1882 (40 species)

Myersiohyla Faivovich, Haddad, Garcia, Frost, Campbell & Wheeler, 2005 (6 species)

Nesorohyla Pinheiro, Kok, Noonan, Means, Haddad & Faivovich, 2018 (1 species)

"Hyla" nicefori (Barbour & Dunn, 1921)

Bokermannohyla
Bokermannohyla is a genus of frogs in the family Hylidae. It was erected in 2005 following a major revision of the Hylidae. Twenty-three species previously placed in the genus Hyla were moved to this genus named in honor of Werner Carlos Augusto Bokermann, Brazilian herpetologist. The genus is endemic to southern Brazil.
All on Her Own
All on Her Own is a short play by Terence Rattigan. It began as a 1968 television play starring Margaret Leighton. It was adapted for the stage in 1974.

The play was originally called Duologue. Rattigan's biographer wrote that in the play Rattigan "returned to his theme of the two loves, spiritual and sexual, and the despair that the failure to achieve either can bring. His protagonist only realised she loved her husband after his death, and was blaming herself for denying him the sexual pleasures that she knew he wanted."

Terence Rattigan
Sir Terence Mervyn Rattigan CBE (10 June 1911 – 30 November 1977) was a British dramatist and screenwriter. He was one of England's most popular mid-20th-century dramatists. His plays are typically set in an upper-middle-class background. He wrote The Winslow Boy (1946), The Browning Version (1948), The Deep Blue Sea (1952) and Separate Tables (1954), among many others.

A troubled gay man who saw himself as an outsider, Rattigan wrote a number of plays which centred on issues of sexual frustration, failed relationships, or a world of repression and reticence.
Mathias Schersing
Mathias Schersing (born 7 October 1964 in Halle) is a retired East German sprinter who specialized in the 400 metres.

At the 1986 European Championships he won the bronze medal in the 400 metres in a lifetime best of 44.85 seconds and finished sixth in the 4 × 400 metres relay. He had already won the bronze medal at the European Indoor Championships the same year. At the 1988 Summer Olympics he finished fourth in the relay. In addition he competed in both events at the 1987 World Championships, without reaching the finals.

His personal best time of 44.85 seconds ranks him sixth among German 400 m sprinters, behind Thomas Schönlebe, Erwin Skamrahl, Ingo Schultz, Karl Honz and Hartmut Weber.

Mathias Schersing represented the sports team SC Chemie Halle. He married fellow 400 m sprinter Petra Schersing, née Müller.

1987 World Championships in Athletics
The 2nd World Championships in Athletics (Italian: Campionati del mondo di atletica leggera 1987) under the auspices of the International Association of Athletics Federations were held in the Stadio Olimpico in Rome, Italy between August 28 and September 6, 1987.
Obelisk of Axum
The Obelisk of Axum (Tigrinya: ሓወልቲ ኣኽሱም, romanized: ḥawelti Akhsum; Amharic: የአክሱም ሐውልት, romanized: Ye’Åksum ḥāwelt) is a 4th-century CE, 24-metre (79 ft) tall phonolite stele, weighing 160 tonnes (160 long tons; 180 short tons), in the city of Axum in Ethiopia. It is ornamented with two false doors at the base and features decorations resembling windows on all sides. The obelisk ends in a semi-circular top, which used to be enclosed by metal frames.

Looting
Looting is the act of stealing, or the taking of goods by force, typically in the midst of a military, political, or other social crisis, such as war, natural disasters (where law and civil enforcement are temporarily ineffective), or rioting. The proceeds of all these activities can be described as booty, loot, plunder, spoils, or pillage.

Throughout history, the practice of war looting was often considered a customary right of victorious armies until the development of modern international humanitarian law.

Looting by a victorious army during war has been a common practice throughout recorded history. In the wake of the Napoleonic Wars and particularly after World War II, norms against wartime plunder became widely accepted. In modern armed conflicts, looting is prohibited by international law, and constitutes a war crime. The Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907 explicitly prohibited pillage and looting, codifying earlier efforts to restrain the practice in European warfare.
Ralph Stafford (died 1410)
Sir Ralph Stafford (c. 1355–1410) was a 14th- and 15th-century English MP. He was the second son of Sir John Stafford (died c. 1370), of Bramshall, Staffordshire. He was an influential member of the north Midlands gentry, due to his own office holding as well as the fact that his family was a cadet branch of the powerful Stafford family, later Dukes of Buckingham.

North Midlands
The North Midlands is a loosely defined area covering the northern parts of the Midlands in England. It is not an International Territorial Level region like the East Midlands or the West Midlands.

A statistical definition in 1881 included the counties of Derbyshire, Leicestershire, Lincolnshire, Nottinghamshire and Rutland, an area historically  known as the Five Boroughs of the Danelaw. A Second World War civil defence region called North Midland included the five counties and Northamptonshire. It has remained in informal use for Derbyshire and Nottinghamshire, the northern parts of Lincolnshire and Staffordshire, and sometimes the far south of Northern England. A North Midlands combined authority area was proposed in 2016 for Derbyshire and Nottinghamshire, but cancelled later that year.
Gareth Mumford
Gareth James Mumford (born 18 June 1982) is a former English cricketer. Mumford is a right-handed batsman who fields as a wicket-keeper. He was born in Bridgnorth, Shropshire.

Mumford made his debut for Shropshire in the 2000 Minor Counties Championship against Wiltshire. Mumford played Minor counties cricket for Shropshire from 2000 to 2002, which included 8 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 7 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Devon in the 2001 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy. He made 3 further List A appearances, the last of which came against Gloucestershire in the 2003 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy. In his 4 List A matches, he scored 42 runs at an average of 21.00, with a high score of 13 not out. Behind the stumps he took 2 catches and made a single stumping.

Stump (cricket)
In cricket, the stumps are the three vertical posts that support the bails and form the wicket. Stumping or being stumped is a method of dismissing a batsman.

The umpire calling stumps means the play is over for the day.
Acta Ethologica
acta ethologica is a triannual peer-reviewed scientific journal established in 1998. The journal covers all aspects of the behavioural biology of humans and other animals, including behavioural ecology, evolution of behaviour, sociobiology, ethology, behavioural physiology, and population biology.

According to SCImago Journal Rank (SJR), the journal h-index is 32, ranking it to Q2 in  Animal Science and Zoology and Q3 in Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics.

Population biology
The term population biology has been used with different meanings.

In 1971, Edward O. Wilson et al. used the term in the sense of applying mathematical models to population genetics, community ecology, and population dynamics. Alan Hastings used the term in 1997 as the title of his book on the mathematics used in population dynamics. The name was also used for a course given at UC Davis in the late 2010s, which describes it as an interdisciplinary field combining the areas of ecology and evolutionary biology. The course includes mathematics, statistics, ecology, genetics, and systematics. Numerous types of organisms are studied.

The journal Theoretical Population Biology is published.
Tao Lujia
Tao Lujia (Chinese: 陶鲁笳) (February 1917 – May 21, 2011) was a People's Republic of China politician. He was born in Liyang, Jiangsu. He was Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary and Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference Committee Chairman of Shanxi. He was an alternate member of the 8th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and a full member of the 10th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. He was delegate to the 1st National People's Congress and 3rd National People's Congress.

1st National People's Congress
The 1st National People's Congress (NPC) was in session from 1954 to 1959. It held four sessions in this period. There were 1,226 deputies to the Congress. These were the first legislative elections to take place after the founding of the People's Republic of China.
WKLS
WKLS (105.9 FM, "Rock 105.9") is a radio station broadcasting a mainstream rock format. Licensed to Southside, Alabama, United States, it serves East Alabama including Gadsden, Anniston and Pell City. Named 2015 Radio Station of the Year by the Alabama Broadcasters Association on March 21, 2015, the station is owned by Williams Communications, Inc.

Southside, Alabama
Southside is a city located in Etowah County in the U.S. state of Alabama. It is included in the Gadsden Metropolitan Statistical Area. It incorporated in 1957. As of the 2020 census, Southside had a population of 9,426. It is located 8 to 12 miles (13 to 19 km) south of downtown Gadsden.
In His Infernal Majesty's Service
In His Infernal Majesty's Service is the sixth full-length studio album by the Swedish thrash metal band Witchery and their third since signing with Century Media Records. The album was released on 25 November 2016.

This album is the first for vocalist Angus Norder and drummer Chris Barkensjö, replacing Emperor Magus Caligula and Martin Axenrot respectively.

Martin Axenrot
Erik Martin "Axe" Axenrot (born 5 March 1979 in Linköping, Sweden) is a Swedish death metal drummer, best known as the former drummer for progressive metal band Opeth (2005-2021). Since 2004, he is the drummer for Bloodbath. Known for his intricate playing style, his drumming has been highly praised by Opeth members and fans, with Mikael Åkerfeldt calling him "a joy to play with." Axenrot has also been jokingly referred to as The Lord of the Rings character Legolas by band members and fans.

On Blabbermouth.com, Mikael Åkerfeldt stated that Axenrot completed his drumming parts for eleven tracks on the Opeth album Watershed in just seven days.

Nathalie Lorichs, who performed vocals on "Coil" on Opeth's Watershed album, is Axenrot's girlfriend.
Alice Lorraine
Alice Lorraine: a tale of the South Downs is a novel by R. D. Blackmore, published in 1875. Set in Sussex and Spain during the Napoleonic Wars, the novel recounts the divergent tales of the eponymous heroine and her brother in their efforts to save the noble Lorraine family from ruin.

R. D. Blackmore
Richard Doddridge Blackmore (7 June 1825 – 20 January 1900), known as R. D. Blackmore, was one of the most famous English novelists of the second half of the nineteenth century. He won acclaim for vivid descriptions and personification of the countryside, sharing with Thomas Hardy a Western England background and a strong sense of regional setting in his works.

Blackmore, often referred to as the "Last Victorian", was a pioneer of the movement in fiction that continued with Robert Louis Stevenson and others. He has been described as "proud, shy, reticent, strong-willed, sweet-tempered, and self-centred." Apart from his novel Lorna Doone, which has enjoyed continuing popularity, his work has gone out of print.

He was also a barrister, as per his census entry for 1881 in the National Census of England and Wales, at the age of 55, with his residence listed in Teddington, Middlesex.
Spadaro
Spadaro is an Italian surname.  This is an occupational surname for a professional soldier or, more specifically, a swordsman.

Notable people with the surname include:

Antonio Spadaro (born 1966), Italian Jesuit priest

Carlos Spadaro (1902–1985), Argentine football attacker

Jack Spadaro (born 1948), American mining engineer

Micco Spadaro, artistic name of Domenico Gargiulo (1609–1610 – ca. 1675), Italian painter of the Baroque period

Odoardo Spadaro (1893–1965), Italian singer-songwriter and actor

Pedro Spadaro (born 1977), Peruvian lawyer

Peppino Spadaro (1898–1950), Italian actor; brother of Umberto Spadaro

Umberto Spadaro (1904–1981), Italian film actor; brother of Peppino Spadaro

Domenico Gargiulo
Domenico Gargiulo called Micco Spadaro (c. 1609 or 1610 – c. 1675) was an Italian painter of the Baroque period, mainly active in Naples and known for his landscapes, genre scenes, and history paintings.