hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1863 Orange colonial by-election
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Orange on 4 November 1863. The by-election was triggered because James Martin had replaced Charles Cowper as Premier, establishing his first ministry. While the title of Premier was widely used to refer to the Leader of Government, it was not a formal position until 1920 and the Premier also held a formal position in the cabinet, in Martin's case this position was Attorney-General. Such ministerial by-elections were usually uncontested and on this occasion, Peter Faucett (Yass), William Forster (East Sydney) and Arthur Holroyd (Parramatta) were unopposed. The two other ministers, Geoffrey Eagar (West Sydney) and Bowie Wilson (Goldfields South) were easily re-elected, with more than 90% of the vote.

Charles Cowper's son, Charles Cowper Jr., was also a member of parliament and resigned from The Tumut to challenge Martin at the by-election.

Arthur Holroyd
Arthur Todd Holroyd (1 December 1806 – 15 June 1887) was an Australian lawyer and politician. He was a member of the New South Wales Legislative Council between 1851 and 1856. He was also a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for two periods between 1856 and 1857 and again between 1861 and 1864.
Katherine August-deWilde
Katherine August-deWilde is an American business executive, board member, and philanthropist. She currently serves as president and CEO of the Partnership for San Francisco. She was the president of First Republic Bank from 2007 to 2015.

Stanford Graduate School of Business
The Stanford Graduate School of Business  is the graduate business school of Stanford University, a private research university in Stanford, California. For several years it has been the most selective business school in the United States, admitting only about 6% of applicants. It is part of the M7 group of business schools recognized as having strong MBA programs, that are often highly-ranked in US MBA rankings.

Stanford GSB offers a general management Master of Business Administration (MBA) degree, the MSx Program (MS in Management for mid-career executives), Stanford LEAD Online Business Program and a PhD program, along with joint degrees with other schools at Stanford, including Earth Sciences, Education, Engineering, Law, and Medicine.
Bart's New Friend
"Bart's New Friend" is the eleventh episode of the twenty-sixth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons, and the 563rd episode of the series. The episode was directed by Bob Anderson and written by Judd Apatow. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on January 11, 2015.

The episode focuses on Bart's new friendship with his father Homer, who has been hypnotized in order to think he is a young boy. The episode received mixed reviews.

Bob Anderson (director)
Bob Anderson is an American animation director on The Simpsons. He also contributed additional sequence direction on The Simpsons Movie.

After high school, Anderson enrolled at the Joe Kubert School of Cartoon and Graphic Art to pursue an education in animation. He began his professional career before graduating from the Joe Kubert School. Hired by Broadcast Arts in New York City, he started work on a variety of commercials.

In 1990, Anderson moved to Los Angeles to work as an assistant director for The Simpsons. In the fifth season, after fourteen episodes as an assistant to Jim Reardon and one episode for Mark Kirkland, he made his directorial debut with the episode "Bart's Inner Child" in 1993.
Zwikker reagent
The Zwikker reagent is used as a simple spot-test to presumptively identify barbiturates. It is composed of a mixture of two solutions. Part A is 0.5 g of copper (II) sulfate in 100 ml of distilled water. Part B consists of 5% pyridine (v/v) in chloroform. One drop of each is added to the substance to be tested and any change in colour is observed.

The test turns phenobarbital, pentobarbital and secobarbital light purple. Tea and tobacco turn yellow-green.

The test's lack of specificity and tendency to produce false positives means it is not widely used for presumptive drug testing, although it does still play a role as a thin layer chromatography stain.

It is named after the Dutch scientist Cornelis Zwikker.

Pyridine
Pyridine is a basic heterocyclic organic compound with the chemical formula C5H5N. It is structurally related to benzene, with one methine group (=CH−) replaced by a nitrogen atom (=N−).  It is a highly flammable, weakly alkaline, water-miscible liquid with a distinctive, unpleasant fish-like smell. Pyridine is colorless, but older or impure samples can appear yellow. The pyridine ring occurs in many commercial compounds, including agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, and vitamins. Historically, pyridine was produced from coal tar. As of 2016, it is synthesized on the scale of about 20,000 tons per year worldwide.
Poppies
Poppies can refer to:

Poppy, a flowering plant

The Poppies (disambiguation) - multiple uses

Poppies (film) - Children's BBC remembrance animation

Poppies (poem) - a poem by Mary Oliver

"Poppies", a song by Patti Smith Group from their 1976 album Radio Ethiopia

"Poppies", the first track on the debut album by Marcy Playground.

Remembrance poppy, commemorates soldiers who have died in war; mainly used in current and former Commonwealth states.

Marcy Playground
Marcy Playground is an American alternative rock band consisting of three members: John Wozniak (lead vocals, guitar), Dylan Keefe (bass), and Shlomi Lavie (drums). The band is best known for their 1997 hit "Sex and Candy".

In 2025, Chad Childers of Loudwire included the band in his list of "10 '90s Post-Grunge Bands That Should Have Been Bigger".
Post-Mauryan coinage of Gandhara
The Post-Mauryan coinage of Gandhara refers to the period of coinage production in Gandhara, following the breakup of the Maurya Empire (321-185 BCE). When Mauryan central power disappeared, several small independent entities were formed, which started to strike their own coins, defining a period of Post-Mauryan coinage that ends with the rise of the Gupta Empire in the 4th century CE. This phenomenon was particularly precocious and significant in the area of Gandhara in the northwest, and more particularly in the city of Taxila, in modern-day Pakistan.

Menander II
Menander II Dikaios (Greek: Μένανδρος Β΄ ὁ Δίκαιος, Ménandros ho Díkaios, meaning "Menander the Just") may have been an Indo-Greek King who ruled in the areas of Arachosia and Gandhara in the north of modern Pakistan. However, since he is entirely known through his coins, this may have just been a separate set of coins issued by Menander I with a different epithet.
Hirsutospirellidae
The Hirsutospirellidae, established for the Late Triassic genus Hirsutospirella, are a family of Foraminifera within the Involutinida that produced calcareous tests with a proloculus followed by an undivided trochospirally enrolled tubular second chamber, in which the spiral side has prominent spinelike protrusions and umbilical side has a shallow umbilical filling.

Late Triassic
The Late Triassic is the third and final epoch of the Triassic Period in the geologic time scale, spanning the time between 237 Ma and 201.4 Ma (million years ago). It is preceded by the Middle Triassic Epoch and followed by the Early Jurassic Epoch. The corresponding series of rock beds is known as the Upper Triassic. The Late Triassic is divided into the Carnian, Norian and Rhaetian ages.

Many of the first dinosaurs evolved during the Late Triassic, including Plateosaurus, Coelophysis, Herrerasaurus, and Eoraptor. The Triassic–Jurassic extinction event began during this epoch and  is one of the five major mass extinction events of the Earth.
Lepraria sekikaica
Lepraria sekikaica is a species of leprose (powdery) lichen in the family Lecanoraceae. Found in Western Australia, it was formally described as a new species by lichenologist John Elix. It was one of 100 new lichen species published in a single article, helping to highlight the extent of undiscovered global biodiversity. The type specimen was collected by the author in the Boyagin Rock Nature Reserve. It is known from several locations in Western Australia, where it grows on the ground under sheltered rock ledges. The lichen products made by Lepraria sekikaica include atranorin, homosekikaic acid, 4'-O-demethylsekikaic acid, and fragilin as minor products, and sekikaic acid as a major metabolite. The specific epithet refers to the latter compound; Lepraria sekikaica is the first known in genus Lepraria to contain this substance.

Fragilin
Fragilin is a chemical compound of the anthraquinone class.  It has the molecular formula C16H11ClO5 and is a chlorinated derivative of parietin.  In 1965, it was reported as a constituent of the lichens Sphaerophorus fragilis and Sphaerophorus coralloides. It has since been found in a variety of other lichens including Nephroma laevigatum, Caloplaca, Xanthoria parietina, and others.
Cutaneous innervation of the lower limbs
Cutaneous innervation of the lower limbs is the nerve supply to areas of the skin of the lower limbs (including the feet) which are supplied by specific cutaneous nerves.

Modern texts are in agreement about which areas of the skin are served by which nerves, but there are minor variations in some of the details. The borders designated by the diagrams in the 1918 edition of Gray's Anatomy, provided below, are similar but not identical to those generally accepted today.

Foot
The foot (pl.: feet) is an anatomical structure found in many vertebrates. It is the terminal portion of a limb which bears weight and allows locomotion. In many animals with feet, the foot is an organ at the terminal part of the leg made up of one or more segments or bones, generally including claws and/or nails.
Y Y Y
In molecular biology, the YYY domain is a protein domain that is considered to be important in bacterial signal transduction, however the exact function of this protein domain is not known. It is named after the three conserved tyrosines found in the alignment. The domain forms part of the periplasmic sensor domain which binds to unsaturated disaccharides.

Sequence alignment
In bioinformatics, a sequence alignment is a way of arranging the sequences of DNA, RNA, or protein to identify regions of similarity that may be a consequence of functional, structural, or evolutionary relationships between the sequences. Aligned sequences of nucleotide or amino acid residues are typically represented as rows within a matrix. Gaps are inserted between the residues so that identical or similar characters are aligned in successive columns.
Sequence alignments are also used for non-biological sequences such as calculating the distance cost between strings in a natural language, or to display financial data.
Lifestyle (Philippine TV channel)
Lifestyle Network (known in the Philippines from 2015 to 2018 as simply Lifestyle), was a global Filipino pay TV channel based in Quezon City. It was owned and operated by Creative Programs, a subsidiary of the media conglomerate ABS-CBN Corporation. Its programming was composed primarily of lifestyle and entertainment shows targeted to upscale Filipino women in the Filipino diaspora with most imported programming sourced from the former Scripps Networks Interactive channels, Food Network, HGTV and Trvl Channel (all are now under Warner Bros. Discovery).

On April 2, 2018, the domestic Lifestyle was relaunched as Metro Channel. The North American version of Lifestyle Network continued to be distributed in the United States and Canada until November 30, 2020. After which, programs that formerly aired on the international channel were transferred to ANC Global.

Warner Bros. Discovery
Warner Bros. Discovery, Inc. (WBD) is an American multinational mass media and entertainment conglomerate headquartered in New York City. It was formed from WarnerMedia's spin-off by AT&T and merger with Discovery, Inc. on April 8, 2022.

Warner Bros. Discovery operates via two divisions: Streaming & Studios (S&S) and Global Linear Networks (GLN). S&S includes the flagship Warner Bros. studios, HBO, DC Entertainment, and the Warner Bros. Discovery's streaming services. GLN largely includes advertising-supported cable networks. Those networks were inherited from its predecessors Discovery (such as Discovery Channel among others), Scripps Networks Interactive (such as HGTV among others), and Turner Broadcasting System (such as Cartoon Network, Boomerang, CNN, TBS, and TNT). Warner Bros. Discovery International is also included in the division, which manages broadcasting operations outside of the United States.
Before Present
Before Present (BP) or "years before present (YBP)" is a time scale used mainly in archaeology, geology, and other scientific disciplines to specify when events occurred relative to the origin of practical radiocarbon dating in the 1950s. Because the "present" time changes, standard practice is to use 1 January 1950 as the commencement date (epoch) of the age scale, with 1950 being labelled as the "standard year". The abbreviation "BP" has been interpreted retrospectively as "Before Physics", which refers to the time before nuclear weapons testing artificially altered the proportion of the carbon isotopes in the atmosphere, which scientists must account for when using radiocarbon dating for dates of origin that may fall after this year.

In a convention that is not always observed, many sources restrict the use of BP dates to those produced with radiocarbon dating; the alternative notation "RCYBP" stands for the explicit "radio carbon years before present".

Isotopes of carbon
Carbon (6C) has 14 known isotopes, from 8C to 20C as well as 22C, of which only 12C and 13C are stable. The longest-lived radioisotope is 14C, with a half-life of 5700 years. This is also the only carbon radioisotope found in nature, as trace quantities are formed cosmogenically by the reaction 14N + n → 14C + 1H. The most stable artificial radioisotope is 11C, which has a half-life of 20.34 minutes. All other radioisotopes have half-lives under 20 seconds, most less than 200 milliseconds. Lighter isotopes exhibit beta-plus decay into isotopes of boron and heavier ones beta-minus decay into isotopes of nitrogen, though at the limits particle emission occurs as well. The two lightest isotopes decay into helium via short-lived isotopes of lithium, beryllium and boron.
Playboy (Fireboy DML album)
Playboy is the third studio album by Nigerian singer and songwriter Fireboy DML. It was released by YBNL Nation on 5 August 2022 and was distributed by Empire Distribution. The album features guest appearances from Shenseea, Rema, Asake, Chris Brown, Euro and Ed Sheeran. Fireboy enlisted producers such as P.Priime, Kel-P, Zaki Amujei, Bizzouch, Telz, Eskeez, Blaisebeatz, Shizzi, Phantom, Kolten and Type A to produce songs for the album. The album serves as a follow-up to Apollo (2021).

Euro (rapper)
Eufradis Rodriguez, (born October 28, 1992), better known by his stage name Euro, is a Dominican-American rapper signed to Young Money Entertainment, and was born in the Dominican Republic. Lil Wayne announced that he is the new member of Young Money on his Dedication 5 mixtape. He then appeared on the second Young Money compilation album, Young Money: Rise of an Empire, on three songs, including the first single "We Alright". Euro released a mixtape called July, on July 31, 2014. It was a preview for his debut studio album, Don't Expect Nothing, which had many delays. Don't Expect Nothing was finally released on September 20, 2019.
Verbum Dei Jesuit High School
Verbum Dei Jesuit High School, nicknamed the Verb, is a private Catholic all-boys college preparatory school sponsored by the Society of Jesus in Los Angeles, California. It was founded in 1962 by the Society of the Divine Word to serve students from the Watts neighborhood and the surrounding communities who are economically and academically under-served.

Verbum Dei is known for sending its graduates to some of the more selective colleges in the United States and has held a 100% success rate for sending graduating seniors to college.

Society of the Divine Word
The Society of the Divine Word (Latin: Societas Verbi Divini), abbreviated SVD and popularly called the Verbites or the Divine Word Missionaries, and sometimes the Steyler Missionaries, is a Catholic clerical religious congregation of Pontifical Right for men. As of 2020, it consisted of 5,965 members composed of priests and religious brothers working in more than 70 countries, now part of VIVAT international. It is one of the largest missionary congregations in the Catholic Church. Its members add the nominal letters SVD after their names to indicate membership in the Congregation. The superior general is Anselmo Ricardo Ribeiro, who hails from Brazil.
Auto-Train Corporation
Auto-Train Corporation (reporting mark AUCX), stylized auto-train, was a privately owned passenger railroad that operated from 1971 to 1981. Its trains included autorack cars, enabling passengers to bring their own vehicles on their journey. The company used its own rolling stock, and traveled on rails leased from major railroads. It served central Florida from points in the Mid-Atlantic region near Washington, D.C., and the Midwest near Louisville, Kentucky. The company failed after 10 years despite the popularity of the service on its primary route, which parallels busy Interstate 95 in five states along the eastern U.S. coast.

After a hiatus, a similarly named and operated service, Auto Train, began under the government-financed Amtrak in 1983, which became one of the railroad's most popular services.

Reporting mark
A reporting mark is a code used to identify owners or lessees of rolling stock and other equipment used on certain rail transport networks.  The code typically reflects the name or identifying number of the owner, lessee, or operator of the equipment, similar to IATA airline designators.

In North America, the mark, which consists of an alphabetic code of two to four letters, is stenciled on each piece of equipment, along with a one- to six-digit number. This information is used to uniquely identify every such rail car or locomotive, thus allowing it to be tracked by the railroad it is traveling over, which shares the information with other railroads and customers.  In multinational registries, a code indicating the home country may also be included.
Argonavt Cove
Argonavt Cove (Bulgarian: залив Аргонавт, ‘Zaliv Argonavt’ \'za-liv ar-go-'navt\) is the 1.85 km wide cove indenting for 950 m the north coast of Nelson Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. It is entered east of Retamales Point and west of Baklan Point.

The cove is named after the ocean fishing trawler Agonavt of the Bulgarian company Ocean Fisheries – Burgas that operated in Antarctic waters off South Georgia and the South Orkney Islands during its fishing trip under Captain Kosyo Angelov from December 1978 to July 1979. A designated onboard team of marine biologists undertook fisheries research in the process. The Bulgarian fishermen, along with those of the Soviet Union, Poland and East Germany are the pioneers of modern Antarctic fishing industry.

Nelson Island (South Shetland Islands)
Nelson Island (historical names Leipzig Island, O'Cain's Island and Strachans Island) is an island 22 kilometres (12 nmi) long and 13 kilometres (7 nmi) wide, lying southwest of King George Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. The name Nelson Island dates back to at least 1821 and is now established in international usage.

The Eco-Nelson station is located on the island.
Charles Elmer Allen
Charles Elmer Allen (October 4, 1872 in Horicon, Wisconsin – June 25, 1954) was an American botanist and cell biologist whose discoveries include the first documentation of sex chromosomes in plants. He was a member of the United States National Academy of Sciences and the American Philosophical Society, and held presidencies of the Botanical Society of America (1921), the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters (1931-1933), the American Society of Naturalists (1936), and the American Microscopical Society (1948). Allen was a professor at the University of Wisconsin for over 20 years.

Sex chromosome
Sex chromosomes (also referred to as allosomes, heterotypical chromosome, gonosomes, heterochromosomes, or idiochromosomes) are chromosomes that
carry the genes that determine the sex of an individual. The human sex chromosomes are a typical pair of mammal allosomes. They differ from autosomes in form, size, and behavior. Whereas autosomes occur in homologous pairs whose members have the same form in a diploid cell, members of an allosome pair may differ from one another.

Nettie Stevens and Edmund Beecher Wilson both independently discovered sex chromosomes in 1905. However, Stevens is credited for discovering them earlier than Wilson.
Joe Lichaa
Joe Lichaa (Arabic: جو ليشا) is an Australian former rugby league footballer who represented Lebanon in the 2000 Rugby League World Cup.

In 2006 he played in two National Rugby League matches for the South Sydney Rabbitohs.

2000 Rugby League World Cup
The 2000 Rugby League World Cup was the twelfth World Cup for men’s national rugby league teams, held between 28 October and 25 November and hosted between the United Kingdom, Ireland and France. Australia won their ninth title by beating New Zealand 40-12 in the final at Old Trafford.

Following the success of the previous tournament, the World Cup was expanded to 16 teams and for the first time featured qualification rounds before the finals.

Alongside the men's tournament, it was also the same year when the inaugural Women's Rugby League World Cup was first played.
Portrait of Bishop Antonius Triest and His Brother Eugene, a Capuchin
Portrait of Bishop Antonius Triest and His Brother Eugene, a Capuchin is an oil-on-canvas painting created in 1652 by David Teniers the Younger, now in the Hermitage Museum in Saint Petersburg, to which it was transferred from Boris Alekseevich Kurakin's collection.

To the right is Antoine Triest, who had been made Bishop of Bruges in 1617 and Bishop of Ghent in 1622. He was also a noted art collector and arts patron and bought works from Teniers and other Flemish painters. He is shown in prayer holding a rosary. To the left his brother, a Capuchin Friar, holds up a shield showing the five wounds of Christ, whilst the shelf in the background bears statuettes of Penitent St Jerome and Flagellation of Christ.

Five Holy Wounds
In Catholic tradition, the Five Holy Wounds, also known as the Five Sacred Wounds or the Five Precious Wounds, are the five piercing wounds that Jesus Christ suffered during his crucifixion. The wounds have been the focus of particular devotions, especially in the late Middle Ages, and have often been reflected in church music and art.
No Harm Is Done
"No Harm Is Done" is a song by French singer and songwriter Christine and the Queens featuring vocals from Tunji Ige. It was released as a digital download on 8 September 2015 as the lead single from the English edition of his debut studio album, Christine and the Queens (2015).

Chaleur humaine
Chaleur humaine ('Human Warmth'), retitled Christine and the Queens in some English-speaking territories, is the debut studio album by the French pop singer Christine and the Queens. The album was re-released in 2015 with new songs and "Tilted" – the English version of "Christine" – served as a single.