hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Midland Railway 1121 Class
The Midland Railway 1121 class was a class of 0-6-0T tank locomotives designed by Samuel W. Johnson for the Midland Railway. Fifty-five were built between 1895 and 1900: ten by the railway company's Derby Works, five by Sharp, Stewart and Company, and the remaining forty by Robert Stephenson and Company.

0-6-0
0-6-0 is the Whyte notation designation for steam locomotives with a wheel arrangement of no leading wheels, six powered and coupled driving wheels on three axles, and no trailing wheels. Historically, this was the most common wheel arrangement used on both tender and tank locomotives in versions with both inside and outside cylinders.

In the United Kingdom, the Whyte notation of wheel arrangement was also often used for the classification of electric and diesel-electric locomotives with side-rod coupled driving wheels. Under the UIC classification, popular in Europe, this wheel arrangement is written as C if the wheels are coupled with rods or gears, or Co if they are independently driven, the latter usually being electric and diesel-electric locomotives.
Princess Maria Anna Victoria of Savoy
Princess Maria Anna Victoria of Savoy (German: Maria Anna Victoria von Savoyen, (French: Marie Anne Victoire de Savoie); 11 September 1683 – 11 October 1763) was the daughter of Prince Louis Thomas of Savoy, Count of Soissons, and his wife, Uranie de La Cropte de Beauvais.

Counts of Soissons
This is a list of those who bore the title Count of Soissons (French: Comte de Soissons) and ruled Soissons and its civitas or diocese as a county in the Middle Ages. The title continued in use into modern times, but without ties to the actual Soissonnais.
Field hockey at the 2023 Pan American Games – Women's tournament
The women's field hockey tournament at the 2023 Pan American Games was the 10th edition of the field hockey event for women at the Pan American Games. It took place over a ten-day period beginning on 26 October, and culminating with the medal finals on 4 November.

The defending champions Argentina won their eighth title by defeating the United States 2–1 in the final. The hosts Chile won the bronze medal by defeating Canada 2–0. As winners, Argentina qualified directly for the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris, France.

2023 Pan American Games
The 2023 Pan American Games (Spanish: Juegos Panamericanos de 2023), officially the XIX Pan American Games (Spanish: XIX Juegos Panamericanos) and commonly known as Santiago 2023, were an  international multi-sport event governed by the Panam Sports Organization, held in Santiago, Chile from 20 October to 5 November 2023; preliminary rounds in certain events began on 18 October 2023. These are the first Pan American Games to be held in Chile, and the eighth to be held in South America.

The games were held in 39 venues across the Santiago Metropolitan Region and another three regions of Chile. The Pan American Games and the 2023 Parapan American Games were organized by the Santiago Organizing Committee for the 2023 Pan and Parapan American Games.
Nagato-Awano Station
Nagato-Awano Station (長門粟野駅, Nagato-Awano-eki) is a railway station on the Sanin Main Line  located in the Hōhoku area of the city of Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by the West Japan Railway Company (JR West).

Yamaguchi Prefecture
Yamaguchi Prefecture (山口県, Yamaguchi-ken) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Chūgoku region of Honshu. Yamaguchi Prefecture has a population of 1,377,631 (1 February 2018) and has a geographic area of 6,112 km2 (2,359 sq mi). Yamaguchi Prefecture borders Shimane Prefecture to the north and Hiroshima Prefecture to the northeast.

Yamaguchi is the capital and Shimonoseki is the largest city of Yamaguchi Prefecture, with other major cities including Ube, Shūnan, and Iwakuni. Yamaguchi Prefecture is located at the western tip of Honshu with coastlines on the Sea of Japan and Seto Inland Sea, and separated from the island of Kyushu by the Kanmon Straits.
Royal family of Mengjiang
The royal family of Mengjiang was the family of Prince Demchugdongrub, the puppet ruler of Mengjiang, a part of Inner Mongolia controlled by the Japanese during the Second Sino-Japanese War. While Mengjiang was a de-jure military dictatorship, the state was a de-facto monarchy. Prince Demchugdongrub was a descendant of the Borjigins, the clan to which Genghis Khan also belonged.

De jure
In law and government, de jure (/deɪ ˈdʒʊəri, di -, - ˈjʊər-/; Latin: [deː ˈjuːre]; lit. 'from law') describes practices that are officially recognized by laws or other formal norms, regardless of whether the practice exists in reality. The phrase is often used in contrast with de facto ('from fact'), which describes situations that exist in reality, even if not formally recognized.
Wachendorfia
Wachendorfia is a genus of perennial herbaceous plants that is assigned to the bloodroot family. The plants have a perennial rootstock with red sap. From the rootstock emerge lance- or line-shaped, sometime sickle-shaped, pleated, simple leaves set in a fan, that are flattened to create a left and right surface rather than an upper and lower surface. The leaves die when the seeds are shed in three of the species, and are perennial in one species.

The rootstock also produces flowering stems annually that carry a panicle of zygomorphic, yellow or yellowish flowers in two distinct forms, one with the style and one stamen bent to the right and two stamens to the left, and the other vice versa. The fruit opens with three valves and each contains a single, hairy seed. All species only occur in the fynbos biome in the Cape Provinces of South Africa.

Cape Provinces
The Cape Provinces of South Africa is a biogeographical area used in the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD). It is part of the WGSRPD region 27 Southern Africa. The area has the code "CPP". It includes the South African provinces of the Eastern Cape, the Northern Cape and the Western Cape, together making up most of the former Cape Province.

The area includes the Cape Floristic Region, the smallest of the six recognised floral kingdoms of the world, an area of extraordinarily high diversity and endemism, home to more than 9,000 vascular plant species, of which 69 percent are endemic.
2024–25 European windstorm season
The 2024–2025 European windstorm season was the tenth season. It comprises a year, from 1 September to 31 August, except shifted a month later in the Eastern Mediterranean Group. The storm names were announced four days before the start of the season on 28 August 2024. This was the sixth season in which the Netherlands participated (through KNMI) alongside the United Kingdom's Met Office and Ireland's Met Éireann in the western group. The Portuguese, Spanish, French and Belgian meteorological agencies collaborated for the eighth time, joined by Luxembourg's agency (Southwestern group). This is the fourth season of the Eastern Mediterranean and Central Mediterranean groups, in which they comprised respectively: Greece, Israel and Cyprus; and Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Malta.

Euboea
Euboea (/juːˈbiːə/ yoo-BEE-ə; Ancient Greek: Εὔβοια, romanized: Eúboia, IPA: [ěu̯boi̯a]), also known as Evia (/ˈɛviə/ EV-ee-ə; Modern Greek: Εύβοια, IPA: [ˈevi.a]), is the second-largest Greek island in area and population, after Crete, and the sixth largest island in the Mediterranean Sea. It is separated from Boeotia in mainland Greece by the narrow Euripus Strait (only 40 m (130 ft) at its narrowest point), the North Euboean Gulf, and the South Euboean Gulf. In general outline it is a long and narrow island; it is about 180 km (110 mi) long, and varies in breadth from 50 km (31 mi) to 6 km (3.7 mi). Its geographic orientation is from northwest to southeast, and it is traversed throughout its length by a mountain range, which forms part of the chain that bounds Thessaly on the east, and is continued south of Euboia in the lofty islands of Andros, Tinos and Mykonos.

It forms most of the regional unit of Euboea, which also includes Skyros and a small area of the Greek mainland.
The Door (Silverchair song)
"The Door" is a song by the Australian rock band Silverchair, released as the last single from their second album, Freak Show. The band's vocalist and guitarist Daniel Johns said "It's influenced a lot by Led Zeppelin and anything from that era really. Before the album, when I actually wrote it and showed Ben and Chris, Ben and Chris liked it and they wanted to continue working on it and write a bit more, and I didn't really like the song. And they were like, 'oh, come on, we'll just use it' and so I said, 'yeah all right,' just to see how it would turn out. And it ended up changed a little bit and now I'm really happy with it."

In April 2022, The Guardian ranked "The Door" at #5 on their "The 25 best Silverchair songs - sorted" list.

Chris Joannou
Christopher John Joannou (born 10 November 1979) is a Macedonian-Australian musician best known as the bassist for the Newcastle-based alternative rock band Silverchair. He is a twin to sister Louise Kipa. He was the first of the three band members to cut his long hair short. Joannou was nicknamed 'Lumberjack' by Silverchair fans for his love of trees and plaid shirts.

As well as being a well-known bassist, Joannou was the assistant producer for The Mess Hall albums Feeling Sideways and the ARIA award–winning Notes From A Ceiling.

He has used mainly G&L and Fender Precision Basses, and he almost exclusively uses Ampeg B-15 Portaflex combos. As reported to gearwire.com, Joannou uses an Ampeg SVT-2 into an Ampeg 810 cabinet and a new Ampeg B-15 combo in his live setup.

In 2006, Joannou spoke at the launch of a mental health scholarship set up to honour his cousin Nathan Trepezanov, who died by suicide at the age of 21 in January of that year. Joannou is of Macedonian heritage.
Boris Kagarlitsky
Boris Yulyevich Kagarlitsky (Russian: Бори́с Ю́льевич Кагарли́цкий; born 29 August 1958) is a Russian Marxist theoretician and sociologist who has been a political dissident in the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation. He is an associate of the Transnational Institute. Kagarlitsky is the director of Institute of Globalisation Studies and Social Movements (IGSO) and editor in chief of Levaya Politika (Left Politics) quarterly in Moscow. Kagarlitsky founded online platform Rabkor which has a YouTube channel and an online newspaper of the same name.

Monthly Review
The Monthly Review is an independent socialist magazine published monthly in New York City. Founded in 1949, it is the longest continuously published socialist magazine in the U.S. From its beginning, Monthly Review was characterized as having "a nondoctrinaire approach to socialism" that became increasingly critical of the Soviet Union. The magazine was most closely linked to Third World socialism and national liberation struggles, and consequently saw its popularity grow among the New Left during the Vietnam War.
Bx41 (New York City bus)
The Bx41 is a public transit line in New York City. It runs within the borough of the Bronx, operating along Melrose and Webster Avenue.

The Bx41 replaced the Webster and White Plains Avenues Line streetcars in 1948. It started at the south end of the Bronx in Mott Haven and continued north to the northern end of the Bronx at Wakefield. It was the longest north-south line in the borough at the time, running nearly 8.4 miles (13.5 km), ending near the borders of Harlem in Manhattan and Mount Vernon in Westchester County until its current configuration in 2010. The bus line became the second bus rapid transit route to enter service in the Bronx, replacing Limited service with Select Bus Service in June 2013.

Wakefield, Bronx
Wakefield is a working-class and middle-class section of the northern borough of the Bronx in New York City. It is bounded by the city's border with Westchester County to the north, East 222nd Street to the south, and the Bronx River Parkway to the west.

Wakefield is the northernmost neighborhood in New York City (although, because of the slant of the Hudson and the grid system relative to true north, the city's northernmost point is actually in Riverdale, at the University of Mount Saint Vincent). The neighborhood is part of Bronx Community District 12 and its ZIP Codes are 10466 and 10470. Wakefield is patrolled by the 47th Precinct of the New York City Police Department.
Monotropastrum humile
Monotropastrum humile is a species of myco-heterotrophic plant of the family Ericaceae, distributed throughout eastern Asia, from the Himalayas to the Islands of Japan.

It lacks chlorophyll and is therefore unable to perform photosynthesis as most plants do; instead it gains sugars and nutrients from mycorrhizal fungi.

It is sometimes referred to as Cheilotheca macrocarpa.

Myco-heterotrophy
Myco-heterotrophy (from Greek μύκης mýkes 'fungus', ἕτερος héteros 'another', 'different' and τροφή trophé 'nutrition') is a symbiotic relationship between certain kinds of plants and fungi, in which the plant gets all or part of its food from parasitism upon fungi rather than from photosynthesis. A myco-heterotroph is the parasitic plant partner in this relationship. Myco-heterotrophy is considered a kind of cheating relationship and myco-heterotrophs are sometimes informally referred to as "mycorrhizal cheaters". This relationship is sometimes referred to as mycotrophy, though this term is also used for plants that engage in mutualistic mycorrhizal relationships.
Detection limit
The limit of detection (LOD or LoD) is the lowest signal, or the lowest corresponding quantity to be determined (or extracted) from the signal, that can be observed with a sufficient degree of confidence or statistical significance. However, the exact threshold (level of decision) used to decide when a signal significantly emerges above the continuously fluctuating background noise remains arbitrary and is a matter of policy and often of debate among scientists, statisticians and regulators depending on the stakes in different fields.

Probabilistic classification
In machine learning, a probabilistic classifier is a classifier that is able to predict, given an observation of an input, a probability distribution over a set of classes, rather than only outputting the most likely class that the observation should belong to. Probabilistic classifiers provide classification that can be useful in its own right or when combining classifiers into ensembles.
The Boxing Kangaroo
The Boxing Kangaroo is an 1896 British short black-and-white silent documentary film, produced and directed by Birt Acres for exhibition on Robert W. Paul's peep show Kinetoscopes, featuring a young boy boxing with a kangaroo. The film was considered lost until footage from an 1896 Fairground Programme, originally shown in a portable booth at Hull Fair by Midlands photographer George Williams, donated to the National Fairground Archive was identified as being from this film.

It was one of at least four boxing-themed films Acres produced in 1896, the others being Boxing Match; or, Glove Contest, A Boxing Match in Two Rounds by Sgt. Instructor F.Barrett and Sgt. Pope and A Prize Fight by Jem Mace and Burke. The year before, German filmmaker Max Skladanowsky had made a similar film depicting a man boxing with a kangaroo, entitled Das boxende Känguruh.

Max Skladanowsky
Max Skladanowsky (30 April 1863 – 30 November 1939) was a German inventor and early filmmaker. Along with his brother Emil, he invented the Bioscop, an early movie projector the Skladanowsky brothers used to display a moving picture show to a paying audience on 1 November 1895, shortly before the public debut of the Lumière Brothers' Cinématographe in Paris on 28 December 1895.
Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology
Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Springer Science+Business Media since 1947. The journal is a hybrid open-access journal. The journal covers the fields of igneous and metamorphic petrology, geochemistry, and mineralogy.

Mineralogy
Mineralogy is a subject of geology specializing in the scientific study of the chemistry, crystal structure, and physical (including optical) properties of minerals and mineralized artifacts. Specific studies within mineralogy include the processes of mineral origin and formation, classification of minerals, their geographical distribution, and their utilization.
Yellabinna, South Australia
Yellabinna is a locality in the Australian state of South Australia located to the north of the town of Ceduna in the western part of the state.

The locality was established on 26 April 2013 in respect to “the long established local name.”  Its name is derived from the use of “Yellabinna” in the names of the Yellabinna Regional Reserve and the Yellabinna Wilderness Protection Area.

Yellabinna is located within the federal Division of Grey, the state electoral districts of Flinders and Giles, and the Pastoral Unincorporated Area of South Australia.

The land use within Yellabinna is mainly concerned with the following protected areas - the Boondina Conservation Park, the Yellabinna Regional Reserve and the Yellabinna Wilderness Protection Area, although the extraction of heavy mineral sands is underway as of 2013 by Iluka Resources at the Jacinth-Ambrosia Mine in the west of the locality.

Iluka Resources
Iluka Resources is an Australian resources company, specialising in mineral sands exploration, project development, operations and marketing. It was formed in July 1998 in a merger between Westralian Sands and the titanium mineral business RGC Ltd, becoming Iluka Resources Ltd in 1999. Iluka is a major producer of zircon and titanium dioxide–derived rutile and synthetic rutile globally. The company has operations in Australia, and has also conducted business in the United States and the West African country of Sierra Leone in the past.
Audience Award for Most Popular Show
The Laurence Olivier Award for Most Popular Show was an annual award presented by the Society of London Theatre in recognition of achievements in professional London theatre. The awards were established as the Society of West End Theatre Awards in 1976, and renamed in 1984 in honour of English actor and director Laurence Olivier.

This award, which is determined solely by a fan-vote, was introduced in 2002, was not presented for 2003–2009, then was presented from 2010 through 2016, after which it was discontinued.

On the eight occasions that fans submitted votes on this award, it consistently went to a musical production, including twice each for The Phantom of the Opera, Wicked and Les Misérables.

2002 Laurence Olivier Awards
The 2002 Laurence Olivier Awards were presented by the Society of London Theatre on 15 February 2002 at the Victoria Palace Theatre in London, celebrating excellence in West End theatre.  The ceremony was hosted by comedy writer and television presenter Clive Anderson.
Feliks Łubieński
Feliks Walezjusz Władysław Łubieński (born 22 November 1758 Minoga near Olkusz, died 2 October 1848 Guzów) was a Polish politician, jurist, Minister of Justice in the Grand Duchy of Warsaw, starosta of Nakieł, a member of the Friends of the Constitution and a Prussian count. With the Code Napoleon, he introduced civil marriage and divorce in traditionally Catholic Poland.

Friends of the Constitution
The Friends of the Constitution (Polish: Zgromadzenie Przyjaciół Konstytucji Rządowej) was the first modern Polish political party (with a charter and organizational discipline), formed in May 1791, shortly after the adoption of the Constitution of 3 May 1791, by the efforts of the Patriotic Party.  The purpose of the Friends of the Constitution was to defend the reformed political system and to introduce further reforms.

The party's leading members included Hugo Kołłątaj, Ignacy Potocki, Tadeusz Mostowski, Michał Ossowski and Józef Weyssenhof.

The Friends of the Constitution published a periodical, Gazeta Narodowa i Obca (The National and Foreign Gazette).
Oued Rhiou District
Oued Rhiou District is a district of Relizane Province, Algeria.

The district is further divided into 4 municipalities:

Lahlef

Merdja Sidi Abed

Ouarizane

Oued Rhiou

35°58′00″N 0°55′00″E﻿ / ﻿35.9667°N 0.9167°E﻿ / 35.9667; 0.9167

Communes of Algeria
The communes of Algeria (Arabic: بلدية (singular)), also known as municipalities, form the third level of administrative subdivisions of Algeria. As of 2002, there were 1,541 municipalities in the country. The municipalities are also known as communes (baladiyahs).
Přívoz
Přívoz (German: Prziwos, briefly until 1920 and 1939-1945 also Oderfurt) is a municipal part of the city of Ostrava, Moravian-Silesian Region in the Czech Republic. It lies in the Moravian part of the city, in the city district of Moravská Ostrava a Přívoz.

Moravian-Silesian Region
The Moravian-Silesian Region (Czech: Moravskoslezský kraj) is one of the 14 administrative regions of the Czech Republic. Before May 2001, it was called the Ostrava Region (Czech: Ostravský kraj). The region is located in the north-eastern part of its historical region of Moravia and in most of the Czech part of the historical region of Silesia. The region borders the Olomouc Region to the west and the Zlín Region to the south. It also borders two other countries – Poland (Opole and Silesian Voivodeships) to the north and Slovakia (Žilina Region) to the east.

It is a highly industrialized region, its capital Ostrava was actually called the "Steel Heart of the Republic". In addition, it has several mountainous areas where the landscape is relatively preserved. Nowadays, the economy of the region benefits from its location in the Czech/Polish/Slovak borderlands.
Mount Guna
Mount Guna (Amharic: ጉና ተራራ, Guna Terara) is a mountain and shield volcano located near the cities of Nefas Mewcha and Debre Tabor, in the northern Amhara Region of Ethiopia. It is the highest point in the South Gondar Zone, with an elevation of 4,120 metres (13,517 ft) above sea level.

Mount Guna forms part of the divide between the drainage basins of the Abay and the Tekezé rivers. It is the origin of the Gumara, Rib, and other rivers, which flow into Lake Tana and Yikalo, Mebela, Goleye and other rivers, which flow into the Tekezé river.

africa portal

Debre Tabor
Debre Tabor (Amharic: ደብረ ታቦር, lit. "Mount Tabor") is a  town and woreda in northern Ethiopia. Located in the Debub Gondar Zone of the Amhara Region, about 100 kilometers southeast of Gondar and 50 kilometers east of Lake Tana, this historic town has a latitude and longitude of 11°51′N 38°1′E﻿ / ﻿11.850°N 38.017°E﻿ / 11.850; 38.017 with an elevation of 2,706 metres (8,878 ft) above sea level. The presence of at least 48 springs in the area contributed to the development of Debre Tabor.

Debre Tabor is served by an airport (ICAO code HADT, IATA DBT).