hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of Harem
The Battle of Harem was fought between the FSA and the Syrian Army, from the 17 October to the 25 December 2012. The fight occurred during the Idlib Governorate clashes (June 2012–April 2013) of the Syrian Civil War.

By the end of the battle, the town had been captured by the rebels.

Idlib Governorate clashes (June 2012 – April 2013)
The June 2012 – April 2013 Idlib Governorate clashes was a series of clashes within the scope of the Syrian civil war, that took place in Syria's Idlib Governorate. The events followed the April 2012 Idlib Governorate Operation by the Syrian government and consequent cease-fire attempt, which had lasted from 14 April to 2 June 2012.
Alexander Aizenshtat
Alexander Aizenshtat (Alexander Eisenstadt; born in 1951, Moscow) is a French-Austrian artist known as the founder of a new movement in world fine arts - metaphysical expressionism. He lives and works in Jerusalem, in Beit Meir. He is also known for following Orthodox Jewish practice, keeping the requirements strictly. He is currently working in the Kingdom of Bahrain to prepare a substantive collection of new paintings under the auspices of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs with continued support of Sheikh Rashid bin Khalifa Al Khalifa.

Irina Antonova
Irina Aleksandrovna Antonova (Russian: Ири́на Алекса́ндровна Анто́нова; 20 March 1922 – 30 November 2020) was a Soviet and Russian art historian who served as a Director of the Pushkin Museum in Moscow for 52 years, from 1961 to 2013, making her the oldest and the longest serving director of a major art museum in the world. Among her many awards and decorations are the State Prize of the Russian Federation and the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres. She was the President of the Pushkin Museum, a ceremonial post.
Johnny Royal
Johnny Royal (born John Michael Herrera, June 12, 1976) is an American film director and composer.

He is best known for writing and directing the documentary films 33 & Beyond: The Royal Art of Freemasonry (2017) and Illuminated: The True Story of the Illuminati (2019), works on esoteric history and secret societies. He also wrote an episode and was cast in the television series Longmire (2012-2017), and is the director of the television series American Magick (2025-Present).

As a composer, Royal is best known as the founding member of the industrial rock band Black Lodge, and for his compositions, which have appeared on numerous hit television series, including VH1, The Chelsea Handler Show, and LA Ink. He has written with several notable musicians, including Jeordie White, aka Twiggy Ramirez, Gilby Clarke, Sean Beavan, and Grammy-nominated producer Johnny K.

Secret society
A secret society is an organization about which the activities, events, inner functioning, membership, and sometimes also existence, are concealed. The term usually excludes covert groups, such as intelligence agencies or guerrilla warfare insurgencies, that hide their activities and memberships but maintain a public presence.

Secret societies may be community-based or associated with colleges and universities. These societies exist in countries around the world.
2024 Indian Premier League final
The 2024 Indian Premier League Final was played on 26 May 2024 at the M. A. Chidambaram Stadium in Chennai. Kolkata Knight Riders qualified for the finals after their win in Qualifier 1. They competed with Sunrisers Hyderabad, who qualified for the finals after their win in Qualifier 2.

After winning the toss, Sunrisers Hyderabad elected to bat but only managed to score 113 runs in 18.3 overs. The Kolkata Knight Riders easily chased the target in 10.3 overs and won the match by eight wickets, thus winning their third IPL title. KKR player Mitchell Starc was named as the player of the match for taking 2 wickets and 2 catches. Sunil Narine (KKR) was named as the player of the season for scoring 488 runs and taking 17 wickets throughout the tournament.

Shahbaz Ahmed (cricketer)
Shahbaz Ahmed (born 11 December 1994) is an Indian international cricketer. He is an all-rounder who bats left-handed and bowls left-arm orthodox spin. He represents Bengal in domestic cricket and Lucknow Super Giants in the Indian Premier League. Shahbaz was a member of the Indian team that won gold medal at the 2022 Asian Games.
Kumar Ujjwal
Kumar Ujjwal Das (born 1981) is an Indian politician from Jharkhand. He is an MLA from Simaria Assembly constituency, which is reserved for Scheduled Caste community, in Chatra District. He won the 2024 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election, representing the Bharatiya Janata Party.

Chatra district
Chatra district is district one of the twenty-four districts of Jharkhand state, India. The district was formed after separation from Hazaribagh district in 1991. Chatra is the administrative headquarters of this district. The district covers an area of 3718 km2.
Processor (computing)
In computing and computer science, a processor or processing unit is an electrical component (digital circuit) that performs operations on an external data source, usually memory or some other data stream. The term is frequently used to refer to the central processing unit (CPU), the main processor in a system. It can also refer to other specialized processors such as graphics processing units (GPU), quantum processing units (QPU), and digital signal processors (DSP). The design and development of a processor is intricate and time-consuming because it requires defining both its functional requirements (operations it must perform) and its non-functional requirements (the physical and performance constraints). It is typically built to operate on digital data, as an integrated circuit using semiconducting material, containing transistors organized into logic gates, further organized into sections such as IP blocks or cores, that can be connected together.

Semiconductor intellectual property core
In electronic design, a semiconductor intellectual property core (SIP core), IP core or IP block is a reusable unit of logic, cell, or integrated circuit layout design that is the intellectual property of one party.  IP cores can be licensed to another party or owned and used by a single party. The term comes from the licensing of the patent or source code copyright that exists in the design. Designers of system on chip (SoC), application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC) and systems of field-programmable gate array (FPGA) logic can use IP cores as building blocks. This allows for faster design cycles and reduced development costs by leveraging pre-verified and tested components.
Restless Feeling
Restless Feeling is a blues album by Carl Weathersby. It was released in 1998 on the Evidence Records label. It was produced by John Snyder and recorded May 11–15, 1998 at Dockside Studios in Maurice, Louisiana.

Evidence Music
Evidence Music is an American jazz and blues record label founded in 1991 by Howard Rosen and Jerry Gordon. The label's name comes from the song "Evidence" by Thelonious Monk.

The label's first releases were reissues of Sun Ra albums from the catalog of the Saturn label. The catalogue also includes Nat Adderley, Art Blakey, Gil Evans, Pharoah Sanders, and blues musicians Buddy Guy, Otis Rush, and Big Joe Turner.

Evidence has reissued recordings originally recorded and issued by the Bethlehem, Black & Blue, and Theresa labels.
2019 Surbiton Trophy – Women's doubles
Jessica Moore and Ellen Perez were the defending champions, but chose to participate with different partners. Moore partnered alongside Monique Adamczak but lost in the first round to Viktorija Golubic and Ingrid Neel. Perez partnered alongside Arina Rodionova but lost in the first round to Naiktha Bains and Naomi Broady.

Jennifer Brady and Caroline Dolehide won the title, defeating Heather Watson and Yanina Wickmayer in the final, 6–3, 6–4.

Ellen Perez
Ellen Perez (born 10 October 1995) is an Australian professional tennis player.
Her career-high rankings in singles and doubles are world No. 162 and No. 7, achieved in August 2019 and in April 2024, respectively.
She has won eight doubles titles on the WTA Tour, three doubles titles on the Challenger Tour, as well as two singles and 19 doubles titles on the ITF Circuit.

Perez made her major main-draw debut at the 2016 Australian Open in doubles with Belinda Woolcock; they lost in the first round to Jessica Moore and Storm Sanders. Perez made her first singles major appearance at the 2016 US Open, after winning the Australian Wildcard Play-off.
Cabueñes
43°31′23″N 5°36′22″W﻿ / ﻿43.52304°N 5.60620°W﻿ / 43.52304; -5.60620

Cabueñes is a parish of the municipality of Gijón, in Asturias, Spain.

Its population was 1,467 in 2012.

Cabueñes is a residential area and a public services district which borders the municipality of Villaviciosa in the east.

In this parish are located several important buildings like the University of Oviedo campus, the most important hospital of the city, the largest morgue in Gijón and the Laboral University, the largest building in Spain. In the Laboral University is located the RTPA headquarters and the LABoral Centro de Arte y Creación Industrial.

The Science park of Gijón and the Atlantic Botanical Garden are also in this parish.

Morgue
A morgue or mortuary (in a hospital or elsewhere) is a place used for the storage of human corpses awaiting identification (ID), removal for autopsy, respectful burial, entombment or cremation. In modern times, corpses have customarily been refrigerated to delay decomposition.
Coulston (surname)
Coulston is a surname, probably an English habitation name from Coulston in Wiltshire.

Notable people with the surname include:

Ashley Coulston, Australian convicted murderer

Frank Coulston (born 1942), Scottish footballer

Fred Coulston, American toxicologist who established the Coulston Foundation, a former research facility in New Mexico

Jean Coulston (1934–2001), New Zealand cricketer

Peter W. Coulston, an American aviation electronics technician after whom the Coulston Glacier in Antarctica is named

Walter Coulston (1912–1990), English footballer

Jean Coulston
Jean Marie Coulston (8 October 1934 – 30 January 2001) was a New Zealand cricketer who played primarily as a right-arm medium bowler. Her Test match debut was against England in 1954. She appeared in five Test matches for New Zealand between 1954 and 1957. She played domestic cricket for Wellington.
Los Valdecolmenas
Los Valdecolmenas is a municipality located in the province of Cuenca, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 111 inhabitants.

The name of Valdecolmenas is a transformation of "Valle de las Colmenas," translated as "Beehive Valley," that was the original.

This resulted in extreme curiosity that the town named "Valdecolmenas de Abajo" (Lower Valdecolmenas) found itself to be situated at a higher elevation than the town named "Valdecolmenas de Arriba," (Upper Valdecolmenas).  The origin of this unusual name can be traced to the Middle Ages, when the names given were based, apparently, on their position with respect to the major river that runs through the Valley.

Province of Cuenca
Cuenca (Spanish: [ˈkweŋka] ⓘ) is one of the five provinces of the autonomous community of Castilla-La Mancha. It is located in the eastern part of this autonomous community and covers 17,141 square km. It has a population of 203,841 inhabitants – the least populated of the five provinces. Its capital city is also called Cuenca.
Amruthavarshini
Amruthavarshini (Kannada: ಅಮೃತ ವರ್ಷಿಣಿ, Hindi: अमृत वर्षिणी ) 100.10 FM, is a classical music channel from All India Radio, Bangalore. It plays everyday from 6 a.m. to 9:30 a.m. and from 6:30 pm to 11 pm. Programming includes Hindustani and Carnatic classical, light vocal and devotional songs. It is also a platform for new singers with its programme "Navapalla". There is a programme conducted for 15 minutes daily which includes carnatic classical classes; this is exclusively available in Karnataka Bengaluru.

All India Radio
All India Radio (AIR), also known as Akashvani (lit. 'Voice from the sky'  or 'Oracle'), is India's state-owned public radio broadcaster. Founded in 1936, it operates under the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting and is one of the two divisions of Prasar Bharati. Headquartered at the Akashvani Bhavan in New Delhi, it houses the Drama Section, FM Section, and National Service. It also serves as the home of the Indian television station Doordarshan Kendra.

All India Radio is one the largest radio network in the world in terms of the number of languages broadcast, the socioeconomic diversity it serves, and the scale of its broadcasting organisation. AIR's domestic service includes 420 stations nationwide, covering nearly 92% of India's geographic area and 99.19% of its population, with programming available in 23 languages and 179 dialects.
Santa Rita, El Salvador
Santa Rita is a district in the Chalatenango Department of El Salvador and is one of the largest municipalities of Chalatenango. It has a shoreline on Lake Suchitlán and is bordered by the municipalities of Comalapa, Dulce Nombre de María, Concepción Quezaltepeque, El Paraíso, and San Rafael.

Cerrón Grande Reservoir
The Cerrón Grande Reservoir (Spanish: Embalse Cerrón Grande), also known locally as Lake Suchitlán (Spanish: Lago Suchitlán), is a reservoir in northern El Salvador and the largest body of fresh water in the country. The reservoir was filled between 1973 and 1976, subsequent to the construction of the Cerrón Grande Hydroelectric Dam. The Cerrón Grande Reservoir is among the most polluted bodies of fresh water in Central America.
1989 Bologna Open – Doubles
Emilio Sánchez and Javier Sánchez were the defending champions, but Emilio did not compete this year.

Javier teamed up with Sergio Casal and successfully defended his title, by defeating Tomas Nydahl and Jörgen Windahl 6–2, 6–3 in the final.

Tomas Nydahl
Tomas Nydahl (born 21 March 1968) is a former professional tennis player from Sweden. He reached a career high singles ranking of world No. 72 in 1998.  He managed to beat players such as Thomas Muster, Marcelo Ríos, Tim Henman, Tommy Haas, Petr Korda. He won 12 Challenger Tournaments and finished runner-up at 3 doubles Tour events. Nydahl achieved a career-high world best doubles ranking of world No. 103 in May 1989.
Lea Marston
Lea Marston is a village and civil parish on the River Tame in Warwickshire, England, about 7 miles (11 km) south-west of Atherstone. Lea Marston is close to the county boundary with Birmingham and about 4.5 miles (7.2 km) east of Sutton Coldfield.

Atherstone
Atherstone /ˈæðərstən/ is a market town and civil parish in the North Warwickshire district of Warwickshire, England. Located in the far north of the county, Atherstone is on the A5 national route, and is adjacent to the border with Leicestershire which is here formed by the River Anker. It is situated between the larger towns of Tamworth and Nuneaton. Atherstone is the administrative centre of the North Warwickshire district, with the offices of North Warwickshire Borough Council located in the town.

Atherstone has had its own local tradition of holding an annual Shrove Tuesday Ball Game in the streets, which has been played annually for over 800 years since 1199.

In the 2021 census the population of the civil parish of Atherstone was at 9,212. The population of the larger built-up area which includes the adjoining village of Mancetter was 11,259.
Maximilian Salzmann
Maximilian Salzmann (9 December 1862, in Vienna – 17 April 1954, in Graz) was an Austrian ophthalmologist.

In 1887 he received his medical doctorate from the University of Vienna, where he later worked as an assistant to Ernst Fuchs at the eye hospital. In 1906 he became an associate professor, then in 1911 was appointed professor of ophthalmology at the University of Graz. In 1918/19 he served as dean to the faculty of medicine.

He is credited for introducing the goniolens into ophthalmology (1914), and is remembered for his pioneer research of the iridocorneal angle, an angle of the anterior chamber of the eye. His name is associated with a corneal disorder known as Salzmann's nodular dystrophy.

Anterior chamber of eyeball
The anterior chamber (AC) is the aqueous humor-filled space inside the eye between the iris and the cornea's innermost surface, the endothelium. Hyphema, anterior uveitis and glaucoma are three main pathologies in this area. In hyphema, blood fills the anterior chamber as a result of a hemorrhage, most commonly after a blunt eye injury. Anterior uveitis is an inflammatory process affecting the iris and ciliary body, with resulting inflammatory signs in the anterior chamber. In glaucoma, blockage of the trabecular meshwork prevents the normal outflow of aqueous humour, resulting in increased intraocular pressure, progressive damage to the optic nerve head, and eventually blindness.

The depth of the anterior chamber of the eye varies between 1.5 and 4.0 mm, averaging 3.0 mm. It tends to become shallower at older age and in eyes with hypermetropia (far sightedness). As depth decreases below 2.5 mm, the risk for angle closure glaucoma increases.
Coleosporium asterum
Coleosporium asterum is a species of rust fungus in the family Coleosporiaceae. It infects species in the Asteraceae family, such as those in genus Aster and Solidago, as well as the needle pines Pinus contorta and P. banksiana. It has been recorded on aster family species Canadanthus modestus, Eurybia conspicua, Solidago missouriensis, Symphyotrichum ciliolatum, S. laeve, and numerous others.

The basionym of Coleosporium asterum is Stichopsora asterum, and the fungus originally was found in 1898 on leaves of the Asteraceae species Callistephus chinensis, Aster scaber (now Doellingeria scabra), and Aster tataricus on the island of Honshu, Japan.

Solidago missouriensis
Solidago missouriensis is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common names Missouri goldenrod and prairie goldenrod. It is native to North America, where it is widespread across much of Canada, the United States, and northern Mexico. It grows from British Columbia east to Manitoba, south as far as Sonora, Coahuila, Texas, and Mississippi.
Bust of Soledad Ortega de Argüello
The Bust of Soledad Ortega de Argüello is a bronze monument in Argüello Plaza, in Redwood City, California, honoring María Soledad Ortega de Argüello, a Californio ranchera whose vast Californian rancho, known as Rancho de las Pulgas, encompassed the present-day cities of San Mateo, Belmont, San Carlos, Redwood City, Atherton and Menlo Park.

Menlo Park, California
Menlo Park (/ˈmɛnloʊ/ MEN-loh) is a city in San Mateo County in the San Francisco Bay Area of California, United States.  Located at the eastern edge of the county, It is bordered by San Francisco Bay on the north and east; East Palo Alto, Palo Alto, and Stanford to the south; and Atherton, North Fair Oaks, and Redwood City to the west. It had 33,780 residents at the 2020 United States census. It is home to the corporate headquarters of Meta Platforms, and is where Google, Roblox Corporation, Round Table Pizza, and SRI International were founded.  The train station holds the record as the oldest continually operating train station in California. It is one of the most educated cities in California and the United States; nearly 70% of residents over 25 have earned a bachelor's degree or higher.
Erlanger Buildings
Erlanger Buildings is a historic loft building located at Baltimore, Maryland, United States. It consists of a four-structure, turn-of-the-20th-century loft complex. The buildings range in size from two to six stories high and feature iron storefronts and stone detailing.  They were built between 1892 and 1910.  The buildings served as the home of the Erlanger Manufacturing Company, which produced BVD brand underwear. Charles Erlanger, co-founder of the company, is credited with making major advances in the design of underwear which revolutionized the industry.

The Erlanger Buildings were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. They are included in the Baltimore National Heritage Area.

Cast-iron architecture
Cast-iron architecture is the use of cast iron in buildings and objects, ranging from bridges and markets to warehouses, balconies and fences. Refinements developed during the Industrial Revolution in the late 18th century made cast iron relatively cheap and suitable for a range of uses, and by the mid-19th century it was common as a structural material (and sometimes for entire buildings), and particularly for elaborately patterned architectural elements such as fences and balconies, until it fell out of fashion after 1900 as a decorative material, and was replaced by modern steel and concrete for structural purposes.
Petra Krug
Petra Krug (born 9 November 1963 in Dresden) is a retired East German hurdler. She represented the sports clubs SC Einheit Dresden and SC Dynamo Berlin, and became East German champion in 1989.

Krug finished fifth at the 1983 World Championships in Helsinki.

In 1989, Krug won the European Cup in Gateshead, defeating Sally Gunnell and Tatyana Ledovskaya. At the World Cup later that year in Barcelona, she finished fourth behind Sandra Farmer-Patrick, Ledovskaya and Gunnell. She reached the final at the 1990 European Championships in Split, but was forced to withdraw because of injury.

Her personal best time was 54.35 seconds, achieved in July 1989 in Bryansk. This ranks her ninth among German 400 m hurdlers, behind Sabine Busch, Cornelia Ullrich, Ellen Fiedler, Heike Meissner, Gudrun Abt, Silvia Rieger, Susanne Losch and Karin Rossley.

Silvia Rieger
Silvia Sabine Rieger (born 14 November 1970) is a retired German athlete who specialized in the 400 metres hurdles.

Her personal best time in the 400 metres is 54.22 seconds, achieved at the 1998 IAAF World Cup in Johannesburg. This places her sixth on the German all-time list, behind Sabine Busch, Cornelia Ullrich, Ellen Fiedler, Heike Meissner and Gudrun Abt.

She competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics and the 1996 Summer Olympics.
Thomas Berger
Thomas Louis Berger (July 20, 1924 – July 13, 2014) was an American novelist. Probably best known for his picaresque novel Little Big Man and the subsequent film by Arthur Penn, Berger explored and manipulated many genres of fiction throughout his career, including the crime novel, the hard-boiled detective story, science fiction, the utopian novel, plus re-workings of classical mythology, Arthurian legend, and the survival adventure.

Berger's biting wit led many reviewers to refer to him as a satirist or "comic" novelist, descriptions he preferred to reject. His admirers often bemoaned that his talent and achievement were underappreciated, in view of his versatility across many forms of fiction, his precise use of language, and his probing intelligence.

Genre fiction
In the book-trade, genre fiction, also known as formula fiction, or commercial fiction, encompasses fictional works written with the intent of fitting into a specific literary genre in order to appeal to readers and fans already familiar with that genre.  These labels commonly imply that this type of fiction places more value on plot and entertainment than on character development, philosophical themes, or artistic depth. This distinguishes genre fiction from literary fiction.

Popular genres include crime, fantasy, romance, science fiction and horror—as well as Western, inspirational and historical fiction.

Slipstream genre is sometimes thought to be in between genre and non-genre fiction.
December 2023 Mindanao earthquake
On December 2, 2023, at 22:37 PST (14:37 UTC), a moment magnitude (Mww ) 7.6 earthquake occurred off the island of Mindanao in the Philippines. The shallow subduction earthquake killed at least three people and left 79 injured.

Philippine Standard Time
Philippine Standard Time (PST or PhST; Filipino: Pamantayang Oras ng Pilipinas), also known as Philippine Time (PHT), is the official name for the time zone used in the Philippines. The country only uses a single time zone, at an offset of UTC+08:00, but used daylight saving time for brief periods in November 1, 1936 until September 20, 1978.