hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Valbona (river)
The Valbona (Albanian indefinite form: Valbonë) is a river in northern Albania. It is still relatively untouched. Its source is in the Accursed Mountains, near the border with Montenegro.

The Valbonë flows generally east through the municipality Margegaj (mountain villages Valbonë, Dragobi and Shoshan), then turns south along Bajram Curri, and continues southwest until its outflow into the river Drin, near Fierzë. It is one of the cleanest rivers in the country. The river begins in and flows through the Valbonë valley.

Definiteness
In linguistics, definiteness is a semantic feature of noun phrases that distinguishes between referents or senses that are identifiable in a given context (definite noun phrases) and those that are not (indefinite noun phrases). The prototypical definite noun phrase picks out a unique, familiar, specific referent such as the sun or Australia, as opposed to indefinite examples like an idea or some fish.

There is considerable variation in the expression of definiteness across languages, and some languages such as Japanese do not generally mark it, so the same expression can be definite in some contexts and indefinite in others. In other languages, such as English, it is usually marked by the selection of determiner (e.g., the vs. a). Still other languages, such as Danish, mark definiteness morphologically by changing the noun itself (e.g. Danish en mand (a man), manden (the man)).
Jeweled toad
The jeweled toad (Incilius gemmifer) is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Mexico and known from the Pacific Coast between Acapulco (Guerrero state) and Jamiltepec (Oaxaca state).
Its natural habitats are xeric and deciduous forests. It is a rare species threatened by habitat loss caused by agricultural expansion, wood extraction, and the expansion of plantations.

True toad
A true toad is any member of the family Bufonidae, in the order Anura (frogs and toads). This is the only family of anurans in which all members are known as toads, although some may be called frogs (such as harlequin frogs). The bufonids now comprise more than 35 genera, Bufo being the best known.
Ameyo Adadevoh
Ameyo Stella Adadevoh, OON (27 October 1956 – 19 August 2014) was a Nigerian physician.

She is credited with having curbed a wider spread of the Western African Ebola virus epidemic in Nigeria by placing the patient zero, Patrick Sawyer, in quarantine despite pressure from the Liberian government. When threatened by Liberian officials who wanted the patient to be discharged to attend a conference, she resisted the pressure and said, "for the greater public good" she would not release him. She is known for preventing the Nigerian index case from leaving the hospital at the time of diagnosis, thereby playing a key role in curbing the spread of the virus in Nigeria. On 4 August 2014, it was confirmed that she had tested positive for Ebola virus disease and was being treated. Adadevoh died in the afternoon of 19 August 2014.

Index case
The index case or patient zero is the first documented patient in a disease epidemic within a population, or the first documented patient included in an epidemiological study. 
It can also refer to the first case of a condition or syndrome (not necessarily contagious) to be described in the medical literature, whether or not the patient is thought to be the first person affected. An index case can achieve the status of a "classic" case study in the literature, as did Phineas Gage, the first known person to exhibit a definitive personality change as a result of traumatic brain injury.
East coast akalat
The east coast akalat or Gunning's robin (Sheppardia gunningi) is a small passerine bird which can be found in the east of Africa from Kenya to Mozambique, and is named after J. W. B. Gunning.

This species is a forest-dwelling insectivorous bird related to the small Old World flycatchers commonly known as chats; like these, it was formerly placed with the thrushes (Turdidae).

The east coast akalat is affected by habitat loss. Having turned out to be more common than previously believed, it is downlisted from Vulnerable to Near Threatened in the 2007 IUCN Red List.

Thrush (bird)
The thrushes are a passerine bird family, Turdidae, with a worldwide distribution. The family was once much larger before biologists reclassified the former subfamily Saxicolinae, which includes the chats and European robins, as Old World flycatchers. Thrushes are small to medium-sized ground living birds that feed on insects, other invertebrates, and fruit. Some unrelated species around the world have been named after thrushes due to their similarity to birds in this family.
Kinnitty Castle
Kinnitty Castle or Castle Bernard is a 19th-century gothic revival castle  and hotel in Kinnitty (Cionn Eitigh), County Offaly, Ireland. It is located contiguous to Droughtville and Lettybrook, north of the Slieve Bloom Mountains on the R421 regional road between the villages of Kinnitty and Cadamstown. A nearby pyramid was built by the Bernard family who resided in the castle.

Regional road (Ireland)
A regional road (Irish: bóthar réigiúnach) in the Republic of Ireland is a class of road not forming a major route (such as a national primary road or national secondary road), but nevertheless forming a link in the national route network. There are over 11,600 kilometres (7,200 miles) of regional roads. Regional roads are numbered with three-digit route numbers, prefixed by "R" (e.g. R105). The equivalent road category in Northern Ireland are B roads.
Composition school
A composition school is a group of composers or a style of composition purportedly shared by a group of composers, often from the same area or who studied in the same place. The membership of almost all groups is assigned by others and disputed. Older groups tend to be larger and are all assigned, while more contemporary groups tend to be more specific and may be self identified.

For example, the title "mighty handful" was coined by music critic Vladimir Stasov in 1867 to describe the composers also referred to as The Five—first by Balakirev in 1870 (Garden 2001), while the "Boston Six" were grouped by others and may include ten members. The international members of the Darmstadt School all attended the Darmstädter Ferienkurse. The Franco-Flemish School (1400–1630) is split into five generations, each of which have at least three members, while Les Six (1920) contains six members.

The Five (composers)
The Five (Russian: Могучая кучка, lit. 'Mighty Bunch'), also known as the Mighty Handful or The Mighty Five, were five prominent 19th-century Russian composers who worked together to create a distinct national style of classical music: Mily Balakirev (the leader), César Cui, Modest Mussorgsky, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov and Alexander Borodin. They lived in Saint Petersburg and collaborated from 1856 to 1870.
John Holsclaw Jr.
John B. Holsclaw Jr. (born May 24, 1963) is an American politician. A Republican, he represented District 4, which includes Unicoi County and parts of Carter County, in the Tennessee House of Representatives.

Carter County, Tennessee
Carter County is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee. As of the 2020 census, the population was 56,356. Its county seat is Elizabethton. The county is named in honor of Landon Carter (1760–1800), an early settler active in the "Lost State of Franklin" 1784-1788 secession from the State of North Carolina. Carter County is part of the Johnson City, TN Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is a component of the Johnson City–Kingsport–Bristol, TN-VA Combined Statistical Area, located in northeastern Tennessee.
Straker
Straker is an English surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anthony Straker, English-born Grenadian footballer

Arthur Straker, English first-class cricket player

D. Augustus Straker, Barbados-born lawyer and jurist, first black lawyer to appear before the Michigan Supreme Court

Granville Straker, American music businessman and record producer

Les Straker, baseball player

Sir Louis Straker, deputy prime minister and foreign minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Nick Straker, English musician, of the Nick Straker Band

Fictional characters:

Edward "Ed" Straker and his son Johnny Straker, fictional characters in the television series UFO

Kevin Straker, the name of the "Ken" character in the Japanese version of the video game Street Fighter 2010

Richard Straker, a character in Stephen King’s 1975 horror novel ’Salem’s Lot.

John Straker, a character in Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s 1892 story The Adventure of Silver Blaze.

Street Fighter 2010: The Final Fight
Street Fighter 2010: The Final Fight is a 1990 action-platform video game developed and published by Capcom for the Nintendo Entertainment System. It was marketed as a science fiction-themed spin-off of the 1987 arcade game Street Fighter. Its English localization changed the name and backstory of the main character to imply that he is Ken from Street Fighter, whereas the protagonist in the original Japanese version is an unrelated character named Kevin. Street Fighter 2010 is a different genre from the traditional Street Fighter games, which are one-on-one fighting games.
Beta hydroxycarboxylic acid
A beta hydroxy carboxylic acid or β-hydroxy carboxylic acid (BHA) is a carboxylic acid containing a hydroxy functional group separated by two carbon atoms.  They are related to alpha hydroxy acids, in which the two functional groups are separated by only one carbon atom.

Carboxylic acid
In organic chemistry, a carboxylic acid is an organic acid that contains a carboxyl group (−C(=O)−OH) attached to an R-group. The general formula of a carboxylic acid is often written as R−COOH or R−CO2H, sometimes as R−C(O)OH with R referring to an organyl group (e.g., alkyl, alkenyl, aryl), or hydrogen, or other groups. Carboxylic acids occur widely. Important examples include the amino acids and fatty acids. Deprotonation of a carboxylic acid gives a carboxylate anion.
Jennifer Johnston (novelist)
Jennifer Prudence Johnston (12 January 1930 – 25 February 2025) was an Irish novelist. She won a number of awards, including the Whitbread Book Award for The Old Jest in 1979 and a Lifetime Achievement from the Irish Book Awards (2012). The Old Jest, a novel about the Irish War of Independence, was later made into a film called The Dawning, starring Anthony Hopkins, produced by Sarah Lawson and directed by Robert Knights.

Robert Knights
Robert Knights (born 1942 in England) is a British film and television director, perhaps best known for his film The Dawning, about the Irish War of Independence.

He has been nominated for three BAFTA TV Awards and he won the  Montréal World Film Festival Jury Prize for The Dawning.

Also the International Emmy in New York for 'Porterhouse Blue' (Channel 4) starring David Jason (BAFTA Best Actor Award), and Christopher Gunning (BAFTA Best Music).
Latreillia elegans
Latreillia elegans is a species of crab belonging to the family Latreilliidae. This family of crabs is identified by their appearance as small, long-legged crabs. The species belongs to the genus Latreillia which has only five identified species: L. elegans, L. metanesa, L. williamsi, L.valida, and L. pennifera. It was previously thought that L. elegans and L. mannengi were two separate species, but it has since been revealed that the two species are synonymous. All the thought to be differences between L. elegans and L. mannengi were in actuality overlaps. The L. mannengi is simply referring to the close relative to the species of L. elegans found in the western Atlantic.

Decapod
The Decapoda or decapods (from Ancient Greek δεκάς (dekás), meaning "ten", and πούς (poús), meaning "foot") is a large order of crustaceans within the class Malacostraca, and includes crabs, lobsters, crayfish, shrimp, and prawns. Most decapods are scavengers. The order is estimated to contain nearly 15,000 extant species in around 2,700 genera, with around 3,300 fossil species. Nearly half of these species are crabs, with the shrimp (about 3,000 species) and Anomura including hermit crabs, king crabs, porcelain crabs, squat lobsters (about 2500 species) making up the bulk of the remainder. The earliest fossils of the group date to the Devonian.
Bhawana Jha
Bhawana Jha is an Indian politician and was the former member of Bihar Legislative Assembly from Benipatti (Vidhan Sabha constituency). In the 2015 Bihar Assembly Election, she contested from Benipatti (Vidhan Sabha constituency), Madhubani district and defeated senior BJP leader Vinod Narayan Jha.

Bihar Legislative Assembly
The Bihar Legislative Assembly (ISO: Bihār Vidhān Sabhā), is the lower house of the bicameral Bihar Legislature of the state of Bihar in India. The first state elections were held in 1952.

Before the partition of Bihar, the total strength of membership in the assembly was 331, including one nominated member. After the partition, the seats were reduced to 243 members. Shri Krishna Singh became the first leader of the House and the first chief minister, Anugrah Narayan Singh was elected as the first deputy leader of the house and the first deputy chief minister.
Doberan Kallan
Doberan Kallan  is a town and a union council of Kallar Syedan Tehsil in Rawalpindi District Punjab, Pakistan.

Doberan Kallan comes under Choha Khalsa Circle Union Councils. Doberan Kallan was under NA-50, National Assembly and PP-2, Punjab Assembly. After (Delimitation 2018), Doberan Kallan came under NA-58, National Assembly and PP-7, Punjab Assembly.

Rawalpindi District
Rawalpindi District (Punjabi and Urdu: ضِلع راولپِنڈى) is a district located in the northernmost part of the Punjab province of Pakistan. Parts of the district form part of the Islamabad Rawalpindi metropolitan area. Rawalpindi city is the district capital.

The district has an area of 5,286 km2 (2,041 sq mi). Originally, its area was 6,192 km2 (2,391 sq mi) until the 1960s when Islamabad Capital Territory was carved out of the district, giving away an area of 906 km2 (350 sq mi). It is situated on the southern slopes of the north-western extremities of the Himalayas, including large mountain tracts with rich valleys traversed by mountain rivers. The chief rivers are the Indus and the Jhelum, and it is noted for its milder climate and abundant rainfall due to its proximity to the foothills.
De Franchis theorem
In mathematics, the de Franchis theorem is one of a number of closely related statements applying to compact Riemann surfaces, or, more generally, algebraic curves, X and Y, in the case of genus g > 1. The simplest is that the automorphism group of X is finite (see though Hurwitz's automorphisms theorem). More generally,

the set of non-constant morphisms from X to Y is finite;

fixing X, for all but a finite number of such Y, there is no non-constant morphism from X to Y.

These results are named for Michele De Franchis (1875–1946). It is sometimes referenced as the De Franchis-Severi theorem. It was used in an important way by Gerd Faltings to prove the Mordell conjecture.

Gerd Faltings
Gerd Faltings (German pronunciation: [ɡɛʁt ˈfaltɪŋs] ⓘ; born 28 July 1954) is a German mathematician known for his work in arithmetic geometry. He was awarded the Fields Medal in 1986 for his proofs of the Mordell Conjecture and several related conjectures.
Elisha Capen Monk
Elisha Capen Monk (1828-1898) was an American businessman and politician from Massachusetts. A Republican, in 1856 he was elected to serve in the Massachusetts House of Representatives. From 1866 to 1867 he served in the Massachusetts Senate.

In 1870 Monk went to Colorado where he was one of the founders of the Union Colony of Colorado and Greeley, Colorado.

Union Colony of Colorado
The Union Colony of Colorado (also called the Greeley Colony and The Union Temperance Colony) was a 19th-century private enterprise formed to promote agricultural settlements in the South Platte River valley in the Colorado Territory. Organization of the colony began in October 1869 by Nathan Meeker in order to establish a religiously-oriented utopian community of "high moral standards". The colony was founded in March 1870 at the site of present-day Greeley, Colorado. Union Colony was financially backed and promoted by New York Tribune editor, Horace Greeley, a prominent advocate of the settlement of the American West. The homesteaded colony greatly advanced irrigation usage in present-day northern Colorado, demonstrating the viability of cultivation at a time when agriculture was emerging as a rival to mining as the principal basis for the territorial economy.
Bodymind (in meditation traditions)
Bodymind is a compound of body and mind and may be used differently in different meditation traditions.  These different understandings often inform each other. The Buddhist philosopher, Herbert V. Günther, has stated:

What we call 'body' and 'mind' are mere abstractions from an identity experience that cannot be reduced to the one or the other abstraction, nor can it be hypostatized into some sort of thing without falsifying its very being.

Modern Western cultures inherited the concept of Cartesian dualism which isn't evident in many other cultures. As a result of multiculturalism and globalization, the bodymind philosophies found in other cultures, such as in Navajo and Tibetan societies, have been integrated into the bodymind concept adopted by the Western New Age movement.

Mindstream
Mindstream (Pali: citta-santāna, Sanskrit: citta-saṃtāna, Tibetan: sems-rgyud, Ch: xin xiangxu 心相續) in Buddhist philosophy is the moment-to-moment continuum of sense impressions and mental phenomena (citta), which is also described as continuing from one life to another. Often described as a "stream of mind" or "mental continuum," the mindstream is not a static entity but a dynamic flow of arising and passing mental phenomena, which refers as a string of passing moments that happen either in the same lifetime or in the transitional period between one life and another.
Olzie Whitehead Williams House
Olzie Whitehead Williams House is a historic home located near Wilson, Wilson County, North Carolina.  It was built about 1860, and is a single-story, six-bay, L-shaped, Italianate style frame house with a gabled projecting end pavilion.  It rests on a low brick pier foundation and is sheathed in weatherboard.  The front facade features a shed roofed verandah.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

Wilson County, North Carolina
Wilson County, officially the County of Wilson, is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 78,784. The county seat is Wilson. The county comprises the Wilson, NC Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included within the Rocky Mount-Wilson-Roanoke Rapids, NC Combined Statistical Area.
Back 2 Basics (Sway & King Tech album)
Back 2 Basics is the third album by hip hop duo Sway & King Tech. The album was released in 2005 by Bungalo Records and was produced by DJ Revolution.  The album was not as successful as their previous album This or That. It did not make it on any charts. However, the album spawned the semi-successful single "I Don't Think So".  Guests on the album include RZA, Chino XL, Crooked I, MC Juice & Royce da 5'9".

Bungalo Records
Bungalo Records is a record label and distribution company, distributed by Universal Music Group. Bungalo Records was formed in 2000 and has been with Universal Music Group for over 20 years. Bungalo Records has distributed artists such as Patti LaBelle, La Toya Jackson, and Carl Thomas.
Canto del Agua Formation
Canto del Agua Formation (Spanish: Formación Canto del Agua) is a geological formation in the Atacama Region of northern Chile. Its stratigraphy from top to bottom is as follows: mudstone, limestone, sandstone, mudstone, conglomerate, lapilli tuff, conglomeratic sandstone, muddy sandstone. The environment where the sediments of the formation deposited is thought to have been the "submarine section of a coarse-grained fan delta" with other authors adding that the sedimentary basin where the sediments deposited was "bounded by two normal faults of WNW strike, active during deposition". The exact relationship with the underlying Llano de Chocolate Beds is not clear. In some locations the formation overlaps directly on the Punta de Choros Metamorphic Complex.

The type locality of the formation lies next to the Plomiza mine.

Lapilli
Lapilli (sg.: lapillus) is a size classification of tephra, which is material that falls out of the air during a volcanic eruption or during some meteorite impacts. Lapilli is Latin for "little stones". It consists of fresh pumice or scoria, volcanic glass such as Pele’s hair, lithic fragments of rock or crystal or as ash aggregates such as accretionary lapilli, cored accretionary lapilli, ash pellets or ash coated clasts.

By definition lapilli range from 2 to 64 mm (0.08 to 2.52 in) in diameter. A pyroclastic particle greater than 64 mm in diameter is known as a volcanic bomb when molten, or a volcanic block when solid.  Pyroclastic material with particles less than 2 mm in diameter is referred to as volcanic ash.
AEG C.V
The AEG C.V was a prototype two-seat biplane reconnaissance aircraft built by the Allgemeine Elektricitäts-Gesellschaft (AEG) during the First World War for the Imperial German Army's (Deutsches Heer) Imperial German Air Service (Luftstreitkräfte). Designed to use a more powerful engine than previous AEG C-class reconnaissance aircraft, the aircraft proved inferior to competing prototypes using the same engine and further development was cancelled.

MG 08
The MG 08 (German: Maschinengewehr 08, lit. 'Machine gun 08') is a heavy machine gun (HMG) which served as the standard HMG of the Imperial German Army during World War I. It was an adaptation of Hiram Maxim's 1884 Maxim gun design, and was produced in a number of variants during the war. The MG 08 also saw service during World War II in the infantry divisions of the German Army, although by the end of the war it had mostly been relegated to second-rate "fortress" units.

Designated after 1908, the year it was adopted by the Imperial German Army, the MG 08 was a development of the license-made MG 01, which was a slight development of the MG 99 The MG 08's rate of fire depends on the lock assembly used and averages 500 rounds per minute for the Schloss 08 and 600 rounds per minute for the Schloss 16. Additional telescopic sights were also developed and used in large quantities during World War I to enable the MG 08 to be used in long-range direct fire and indirect fire support roles.
Ixia aurea
Ixia aurea is a perennial flowering plant and geophyte belonging to the genus Ixia and is part of the fynbos. The species is endemic to the Western Cape and occurs from Piketberg to Citrusdal and Darling. Although the plant has a range of 2 426 km², only three fragmented subpopulations remain. Crop cultivation is the single largest cause of habitat loss.

There is a possibility that the species has been overlooked because it closely resembles the Ixia maculata and Ixia dubia species.

Citrusdal
Citrusdal is a town of 5,000 people in the Olifants River Valley in the Western Cape province of South Africa. It is situated at the base of the Cederberg mountains about 160 kilometres (100 mi) north of Cape Town. Agriculture in the area is dominated by citrus fruit farming, hence the town's name.  Natural hot water springs occur in the area.
It also has a high school named Cederberg Academy and a private school and two other primary schools and lots of creches.