hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Micha Perles
Micha Asher Perles (Hebrew: מיכה פרלס) is an Israeli mathematician working in geometry, a professor emeritus at the Hebrew University. He earned his Ph.D. in 1964 from the Hebrew University, under the supervision of Branko Grünbaum.
His contributions include:

The Perles configuration, a set of nine points in the Euclidean plane whose collinearities can be realized only by using irrational numbers as coordinates. Perles used this configuration to prove the existence of irrational polytopes in higher dimensions.

The Perles–Sauer–Shelah lemma, a result in extremal set theory whose proof was credited to Perles by Saharon Shelah.

The pumping lemma for context-free languages, a widely used method for proving that a language is not context-free that Perles discovered with Yehoshua Bar-Hillel and Eli Shamir.

Notable students of Perles include Noga Alon, Gil Kalai, and Nati Linial.

Context-free language
In formal language theory, a  context-free language (CFL), also called a Chomsky type-2 language, is a language generated by a context-free grammar (CFG).

Context-free languages have many applications in programming languages, in particular, most arithmetic expressions are generated by context-free grammars.
John Taylor (14th Congress)
John Taylor (d. July 12, 1821) was a United States representative from South Carolina. His birth date is unknown. Taylor was a member of the South Carolina House of Representatives, 1802–1805. He was elected as a Republican to the Fourteenth Congress (March 4, 1815 – March 3, 1817) but was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection to the Fifteenth Congress in 1816 and for election to the Seventeenth Congress in 1820.

After his time in Congress he served as receiver of public monies at the U.S. government land office at Cahawba, Alabama.

He died on July 12, 1821 in Cahawba.

He married Mary Margaret Smith, the daughter of South Carolina Senator William Smith. Their daughter, Mary Margaret Smith Taylor, married journalist and planter Meredith Calhoun.

14th United States Congress
The 14th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in the Old Brick Capitol in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1815, to March 3, 1817, during the seventh and eighth years of James Madison's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1810 United States census. Both chambers had a Democratic-Republican majority.
Lucienne Bogaert
Lucienne Bogaert (born Lucienne Jeanne Gabrielle Lefebvre; 6 January 1892 in Caudry, Nord – 4 February 1983 in Montrouge, Hauts-de-Seine) was a French actress. She started her career in theatre, but later also worked in film. After she divorced her husband Robert Bogaert, she retained his name for professional purposes.

Gabriel Arout
Gabriel Arout (1909–1982) was a Russian-born French writer of Armenian descent. He wrote more than 20 plays for the stage, several screenplays for cinema, and translated a number of Russian literary works into French. He was awarded the top prize for drama by the Académie française in 1978.
Ephysteris tenuisaccus
Ephysteris tenuisaccus is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It is found in Russia (the southern Ural) and on Cyprus. The habitat consists of chalk steppe.

The wingspan is 10.5–12.5 mm. Adults are on wing in June.

Southern Ural
Southern Ural (Russian: Южный Урал, Bashkir: Көньяҡ Урал) encompasses the south, the widest part of the Ural Mountains, stretches from the river Ufa (near the village of Lower Ufaley) to the Ural River. From the west and east the Southern Ural is limited to the East European Plain, West Siberian Plain and the steppes near Aral Sea and Caspian Sea.
Yasmine Zaki Shahab
Professor Yasmine Zaki Shahab, S.S., M.A., Ph.D. (Arabic: ياسمين زكي شهاب, romanized: Yāsmīn Zakī Šahāb; Arabic pronunciation: [ja:smi:n zakiː ʃahaːb]; born 1 December 1948) is an Indonesian anthropologist. In addition, her interest in Betawi society made her actively doing research and writing the topic about that. To date, Shahab is still active in some matters relating to Betawi culture.

Betawi people
Betawi people or Batavians (Orang Betawi in Indonesian, meaning "people of Batavia"), are an Austronesian ethnic group native to the city of Jakarta and its immediate outskirts, as such often described as the inhabitants of the city. They are the descendants of the people who inhabited Batavia (the Dutch colonial name of Jakarta) from the 17th century onwards.

The term Betawi people emerged in the 18th century as an amalgamation of various ethnic groups into Batavia. In this modern era, people of various ethnicities, especially Sundanese people, who have long inhabited Greater Jakarta, forgetting their language and switching to Betawi, can also be called Betawi people. Although if they are related by blood, they are more like people who still speak Sundanese language in the outskirts, especially in Bekasi, Bogor, and Tangerang.
Parish Development Model
The Parish Development Model (PDM) is a government-led initiative in Uganda aimed at transforming subsistence households into the money economy and lifting 17.5 million Ugandans in 3.5 million households out of poverty. The PDM initiative was launched on 26 February 2022 in the eastern district of Kibuku. by the President of Uganda Yoweri Museveni. It was a strategy to improve service delivery and alleviate poverty at the grassroots level.

Poverty in Uganda
Extreme poverty is defined as living on less than US$2.50 purchasing power parity. Uganda has made significant progress in eradicating poverty and achieved the first millennium development goal of halving the number of people in extreme poverty. Uganda was listed as the 9th most successful country in Africa as regards poverty eradication. The percentage of Ugandans living in absolute poverty has been on a substantial decline, and the finance ministry in the country projected that the extreme poverty level will be reduced to 10% in the future. This success has been attributed to the deliberate efforts to combat poverty in the country by numerous national strategies that are explained below.
Yamaha XZ 550
The Yamaha XZ550 'Vision' is a 550 cc V-twin, shaft-driven sport touring motorcycle produced by Yamaha in 1982–1983.  It was powered by a 4 stroke 70° liquid cooled 4 valve DOHC engine, and featured a trailing front axle and monoshock single swingarm rear. With a range of innovative technology for its class, nimble handling, and bold styling, it was widely celebrated by the motorcycle press on its introduction as a bike ahead of its time.

However, persistent teething issues, numerous quirks, and a high price combined with identity problems - it wasn't really a café racer, nor a sport touring bike, it was unique to itself - led to just a two-year production run.  That same uniqueness nonetheless created something of a cult of Vision fans, both in its day and since, who continue to maintain an active ongoing online community.

A smaller XZ400 model was available in some markets until at least 1987.

Motorcycle suspension
A motorcycle's suspension serves a dual purpose: contributing to the vehicle's handling and braking, and providing safety and comfort by keeping the vehicle's passengers comfortably isolated from road noise, bumps and vibrations.

The typical motorcycle has a pair of fork tubes for the front suspension, and a swingarm with one or two shock absorbers for the rear suspension.
E85 (song)
"E85" is a song by American rapper Don Toliver, released on January 30, 2026 from his fifth studio album Octane. It was produced by Travis Scott, Aaron Paris, 206Derek and Jaasu. The song contains a sample of "Chest Pain (I Love)" by Malcolm Todd.

Octane (Don Toliver album)
Octane is the fifth studio album by American rapper and singer Don Toliver. It was released through Donnway & Co and Cactus Jack under license to Atlantic Records on January 30, 2026. The album features guest vocals from Yeat, Rema, Travis Scott, Teezo Touchdown, and SahBabii. Production was handled by Toliver and Scott themselves, alongside past collaborators including 206Derek, Bnyx and Honorable C.N.O.T.E., among others.

The album was supported by two singles, "Tiramisu" and "ATM". It serves as the follow-up to his previous album, Hardstone Psycho (2024). Octane debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200, becoming Toliver's first album to do so.
Road in the Wilderness
Road in the Wilderness is a 1952 Australian novel by Peter Pinney. It was Pinney's first novel.

It was to be the first publication from the Australasian Book Society. The novel was based on Pinney's experiences in World War Two. According to Tribune "The Society's selectors were impressed with the warmth, vigor and humanity of this study of a small company of men in a forward outpost of New Guinea in the recent war, and strongly recommended its publication." Printing delays and seeking legal advice saw publication pushed back.

Australasian Book Society
The Australasian Book Society was a cooperative publishing society in Australia, between 1952 and 1981. Founded in Melbourne by activist George Seelaf, the society was funded by member subscriptions, and each member would receive four books annually.

The society was founded through the initiative of author Frank Hardy following the success of his book Power Without Glory.

According to the University of Queensland's Fryer Library, the Australasian Book Society was known to have had strong links with both communist and trade union activists. Some sources claim that the society was founded by the Communist Party of Australia.
Milepost equation
A milepost equation, milepoint equation, or postmile equation is a place where mileposts on a linear feature, such as a highway or rail line, fail to increase normally, usually due to realignment or changes in planned alignment.  In order to make mileposts consistent with the real mileage, every milepost beyond the equation would need to be moved.

For example, an equation of 7.6 back = 9.2 ahead means that the feature does not have any section between mile 7.6 and mile 9.2, and the distance between mileposts 7 and 10 is only 1.4 miles. This would usually be caused by a relocation that shortened the distance by 1.6 miles. It is also possible for an equation to add mileage to what it would otherwise be; the duplicated mileposts receive a special prefix, such as Z.

Glossary of rail transport terms
Rail transport terms are a form of technical terminology applied to railways. Although many terms are uniform across different nations and companies, they are by no means universal, with differences often originating from parallel development of rail transport systems in different parts of the world, and in the national origins of the engineers and managers who built the inaugural rail infrastructure. An example is the term railroad, used (but not exclusively) in North America, and railway, generally used in English-speaking countries outside North America and by the International Union of Railways. In English-speaking countries outside the United Kingdom, a mixture of US and UK terms may exist.

Various terms, both global and specific to individual countries, are listed here. The abbreviation "UIC" refers to terminology adopted by the International Union of Railways in its official publications and thesaurus.
C. L. Bryant
Cleon Lewis Bryant (born March 28, 1956) is an American Baptist minister and former radio and television host based in Jensen Beach, Florida.

He is a senior fellow at FreedomWorks, a conservative advocacy group.

Jensen Beach, Florida
Jensen Beach is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Martin County, Florida, United States. The population was 12,652 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Port St. Lucie, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Happy Planet
Happy Planet is a private company in Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada, known for making organic juices and smoothies. The company was started in 1994 by Randal Ius and Gregor Robertson. They originally started out with one farm producing carrot juice. At first, the company supplied primarily natural food stores and small restaurants and cafes. Now their products can be found Canada-wide as well as in parts of the Pacific Northwest United States. At present, the company ships several thousand bottles of juice per week.

Carrot juice
Carrot juice is juice produced from carrots. The amount of juice from carrots is a low yield compared to fruits like apples and oranges. However, because carrot pulp is fibrous, the main difficulty in juicing carrots is in separating the pulp from the juice. Methods used to juice carrots include mechanical pressing, high-pressure processing, cold pressing, enzyme-assisted extraction, solvent extraction, and supercritical carbon dioxide methods.

Carrot juice has a high content of β-carotene, a provitamin for vitamin A, and a flavor of concentrated carrots.
Robin Hood's Hut
Robin Hood's Hut is a small pavilion in the grounds of Halswell House, Goathurst, Somerset, in the west of England.

It was built between 1740 and 1760 by Sir Charles Kemeys-Tynte. It had three rooms: an earth-floored hermit's room, a kitchen and a "china room" used for dining. It is fronted by an umbrello which is open to the elements.

When the Somerset Buildings Preservation Trust started restoration work in 1997, with grants from English Heritage and the Heritage Lottery, the structure had neither roof nor windows, had lost much of its plasterwork and its umbrello was almost gone.

Robin Hood's Hut was commended in the Building Conservation category of Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors awards 2005, and is a Grade II* listed building.

The building was acquired by the Landmark Trust in 2002 and is available as a holiday let.

Loggia
In architecture, a loggia (/ˈloʊdʒ(i)ə/ LOH-j(ee-)ə, usually UK: /ˈlɒdʒ(i)ə/ LOJ-(ee-)ə, Italian: [ˈlɔddʒa]) is a covered exterior gallery or corridor, often on an upper level, sometimes on the ground level of a building. The corridor is open to the elements because its outer wall is only partial, with the upper part usually supported by a series of columns or arches.  An overhanging loggia may be supported by a baldresca.

From the early Middle Ages, nearly every Italian comune had an open arched loggia in its main square, which served as a "symbol of communal justice and government and as a stage for civic ceremony".

In Italian architecture, a loggia is also a small garden structure or house built on the roof of a residence, open on one or more sides, to enjoy cooling winds and the view. They were especially popular in the 17th century and are prominent in Rome and Bologna, Italy.
Pimelea villosa
Pimelea villosa, also known as Pimelea arenaria, or sand daphne is a species of shrub in the family Thymelaeaceae, known in Māori as autetaranga or autetauranga. It is endemic to New Zealand. Its conservation status puts it at risk and declining, as determined by the New Zealand Threat Classification System (NZTCS). The bark of the tree was occasionally used as traditional textiles such as ribbons or ear ornaments, however was not as commonly used as the paper mulberry (aute) or Hoheria populnea (houhere).

Thymelaeaceae
The Thymelaeaceae /ˌθɪmɪliːˈeɪsiː, -siˌaɪ/ are a cosmopolitan family of flowering plants composed of 50 genera (listed below) and 898 species. It was established in 1789 by Antoine Laurent de Jussieu. The Thymelaeaceae are mostly trees and shrubs, with a few vines and herbaceous plants, the latter including some annual species.
Viscount of Nossa Senhora das Mercês
Viscount of Nossa Senhora das Mercês (Portuguese: Visconde de Nossa Senhora das Mercês) was a noble title created by decree on 21  August 1879, by King Luís I (1861-1889), in favor of Cândido Pacheco de Melo Forjaz de Lacerda, 1st Baron of Nossa Senhora das Mercês, a rich landowner and politician from the island of Terceira, in the Portuguese archipelago of the Azores.

Terceira Island
Terceira (Portuguese pronunciation: [tɨɾˈsɐjɾɐ]) is a volcanic island in the Azores archipelago of Portugal, 1,181 km (734 mi) due west of Lisbon. It is one of the larger islands of the archipelago, with a population of 53,311 inhabitants in an area of approximately 396.75 km2 (153.19 sq mi).

Terceira is the location of the Azores' oldest city, Angra do Heroísmo, the historical capital of the archipelago and a UNESCO World Heritage Site; the seat of the judicial system (Supreme Court); and the main insular Portuguese Air Force base, Base Aérea nº 4 at Lajes, with a United States Air Force detachment.

Terceira island has two main sea ports, one at Angra do Heroísmo and the other at Praia da Vitória, and a commercial airport integrated with the flight operations at Lajes. Portuguese bullfighting is popular on the island, in two versions: the traditional equestrian bullfight (in the ring) and the popular "tourada à corda" that occurs in the streets.
Bab-el-Mandeb
The Bab-el-Mandeb (Arabic: باب المندب, lit. 'Gate of Grief/Tears', Tigrinya: ባብ ኣል ማንዳብ) is a strait between Yemen on the Arabian Peninsula and Djibouti and Eritrea in the Horn of Africa, connecting the Red Sea to the Gulf of Aden and by extension the Indian Ocean.

Strait
A strait is a water body connecting two seas or water basins. The surface water is, for the most part, at the same elevation on both sides and can flow through the strait in either direction, although the topography generally constricts the flow somewhat. In some straits, there is a dominant directional current. Most commonly, the strait is a narrow channel that lies between two land masses. Straits are loci for sediment accumulation, with sand-sized deposits usually occurring on the two strait exits, forming subaqueous fans or deltas. Some straits are not navigable because they are too narrow, too shallow, or due to the presence of a reef or archipelago.
Bateman function
In mathematics, the Bateman function (or k-function)  is a special case of the confluent hypergeometric function studied by Harry Bateman(1931).  Bateman defined it by

Bateman discovered this function, when Theodore von Kármán asked for the solution of the following differential equation which appeared in the theory of turbulence

and Bateman found this function as one of the solutions. Bateman denoted this function as "k" function in honor of Theodore von Kármán.

The Bateman function for  is the related to the Confluent hypergeometric function of the second kind as follows

This is not to be confused with another function of the same name which is used in Pharmacokinetics.

Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetics (from Ancient Greek pharmakon 'drug' and kinetikos 'moving, putting in motion'; see chemical kinetics), sometimes abbreviated as PK, is a branch of pharmacology dedicated to describing how the body affects a specific substance after administration. The substances of interest include any chemical xenobiotics such as pharmaceutical drugs, pesticides, food additives, cosmetics, etc. PK attempts to analyze chemical metabolism and discover the fate of a chemical from the moment that it is administered up to the point at which it is completely eliminated from the body. PK is based on mathematical modeling that places great emphasis on the relationship between drug plasma concentration and the time elapsed since the drug's administration. Pharmacokinetics is the study of how an organism affects the drug, whereas pharmacodynamics (PD) is the study of how the drug affects the organism. Both together influence dosing, benefit, and adverse effects, as seen in PK/PD models.
EuroCup Basketball individual statistics
EuroCup Basketball individual statistics are the individual stats leaders of the European-wide 2nd-tier level league, the EuroCup. The EuroCup is the European-wide league that is one tier level below the top-tier level EuroLeague.

Todor Stoykov
Todor Stoykov (born 3 March 1977 in Varna) is a Bulgarian retired professional basketball player, who played for Cherno More, Cordivari Roseto, Scafati Basket, Valencia BC and Lukoil Academic. At 1.98 m, his position was shooting guard/small forward. He was also a member of the Bulgarian national basketball team, before retiring in 2009.
Independent Schools Football Association
Independent Schools Football Association (ISFA) oversees football in independent schools in the United Kingdom. The ISFA is affiliated to the Football Association.

The chairman is current Headmaster of Hampton School Kevin Knibbs.

Repton School
Repton School is a 13–18 co-educational, private, boarding and day school in the public school tradition, in Repton, Derbyshire, England.

Sir John Port of Etwall, on his death in 1557, left funds to create a grammar school which was then established at the Repton Priory. For its first 400 years, the school accepted only boys; girls were admitted from the 1970s, and the school was fully co-educational by the 1990s.

Notable alumni, also known as "Old Reptonians", include C. B. Fry, Harold Abrahams, Christopher Isherwood, Jeremy Clarkson, Andy Wilman, Roald Dahl, Adrian Newey and Archbishop Lord Ramsey of Canterbury.
Strathcona High School
Strathcona High School, colloquially referred to as Scona and SCHS, is a public high school located in Edmonton, Alberta. The school was referred to as Strathcona Composite High School until 2014. A $6.1 million modernization project was completed in 2015 and the school now enrolls approximately 1700 students.

Footloose (musical)
Footloose is a 1998 musical based on the 1984 film of the same name. The music is by Tom Snow (among others), the lyrics by Dean Pitchford (with additional lyrics by Kenny Loggins), and the book by Pitchford and Walter Bobbie. Lighting design by Ken Billington.
Nanook River
The Nanook River (meaning "polar bear") is located on Victoria Island in Northern Canada, commencing in the Northwest Territories and ending in Nunavut.

The Nanook River originates in the island's central plain, south of the Shaler Mountains. about two hours by Twin Otter north of Cambridge Bay.

The river flows east, passes through a rapid, and then enters Namaycush Lake. From here, it proceeds northwards through several lakes, the last being the largest at 10 km (6.2 mi) long and 7 km (4.3 mi) wide. The final 8 km (5.0 mi) include several uncharted rapids before the river's mouth reaches Hadley Bay, emptying into Viscount Melville Sound.

No glaciers feed the river. Lousewort, Arctic poppy, aven, sedge, willow thickets are found along the river. Arctic fox, lemming, muskox, snowy owl, Peary caribou frequent the river, and polar bears are common at its mouth.

Oreomecon radicata
The Arctic poppy (Oreomecon radicata) is a flowering plant in the poppy family. It may also be referred to as rooted poppy or yellow poppy. Arctic poppies grow in cold climate conditions and are found in Arctic regions of Europe. Arctic poppies have adaptations, such as heliotropism and physical characteristics, which help them survive in the harsh environment they grow in.
Patrick Salmon
Patrick Salmon (born 1952) is a historian of diplomatic history with a focus on Scandinavia.

He is a chief historian at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office and a visiting professor at Newcastle University. In 2001, he was a fellow at the Norwegian Nobel Institute. He is a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters.

Norwegian Nobel Institute
The Norwegian Nobel Institute (Norwegian: Det Norske Nobelinstitutt) is located in  Oslo, Norway. The institute is located at Henrik Ibsen Street 51 in the center of the city, close to the Royal Palace.