hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Practical joke device
A practical joke device is a toy intended to confuse, frighten, or amuse individuals as a prank. Often, these toys are harmless facsimiles of otherwise potentially disgusting or terrifying objects, such as vomit or spilled nail polish. In other instances, they are created as seemingly harmless items designed to humorously malfunction in such a way as to confuse or harm the target of a prank. The devices are frequently sold in magic or specialty shops, purchased over the Internet, or crafted for oneself.  One notable joke device is the whoopee cushion.

Although commonly employed at events and gatherings, practical joke devices are sometimes seen in everyday life, for example as a mechanism of play by children, or among adult co-workers in a work environment. In addition to commercially manufactured practical joke devices, everyday objects have been converted into joke devices by purveyors of pranks.

Barricade tape
Barricade tape is brightly colored tape (often incorporating a two-tone pattern of alternating yellow-black or red-white stripes or the words "Caution" or "Danger" in prominent lettering) that is used to warn or catch the attention of passersby of an area or situation containing a possible hazard. It acts as a minor impediment to prevent accidental entrance to that area or situation and as a result enhances general safety. Barricade tape is also known as construction tape or barrier tape, or in reference to the safety hazard involved as caution tape, warning tape, danger tape or hazard tape. When used by police, the tape is named police tape.

The tape is often wrapped and affixed as a visual warning sign and demarcation, for instance against entering a dangerous area, such as an industrial or commercial building site, a roadworks construction site or the scene of an accident or a crime (for crime scene preservation), or against handling inoperative machinery or appliances.
Yevgeni Bauer
Yevgeni Franzevich Bauer (Russian: Евгений Францевич Бауэр; 1865 – 22 June [O.S. 9 June] 1917) was a Russian film director of silent films, theatre artist and screenwriter. His work had a great influence on the aesthetics of Russian cinematography at the beginning of the 20th century.

Bauer made more than seventy films between 1913 and 1917, of which 26 survived. He already used the relatively long sequence shots and displacements that would come to be associated with camera virtuosos. The Los Angeles Times film critic Kenneth Turan called Bauer "the greatest director you've never heard of". Georges Sadoul called him "the first true artist in the history of cinema".

Kenneth Turan
Kenneth Turan (/təˈræn/; born October 27, 1946) is an American retired film critic, author, and lecturer in the Master of Professional Writing Program at the University of Southern California. He was a film critic for the Los Angeles Times from 1991 until 2020 and was described by The Hollywood Reporter as "arguably the most widely read film critic in the town most associated with the making of movies".
Roma, Gotland
Roma (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈrûːma]), also by proxy referred to as Romakloster, is a locality on the Swedish island of Gotland, with 936 inhabitants in 2014.

Roma is also the name of the larger populated area, socken (not to be confused with parish). It comprises the same area as the administrative Roma District, established on 1 January 2016.

Roma Abbey, a ruined medieval monastery and crown estate manor, lies in Roma.

Urban areas in Sweden
An urban area or tätort (lit. 'dense locality') in Sweden has a minimum of 200 inhabitants and may be a city, town or larger village. It is a purely statistical concept, not defined by any municipal or county boundaries. Larger urban areas synonymous with cities or towns (Swedish: stad for both terms) for statistical purposes have a minimum of 10,000 inhabitants. The same statistical definition is also used for urban areas in the other Nordic countries.

In 2018, there were nearly two thousand urban areas in Sweden, which were inhabited by 87% of the Swedish population.

Urban area is a common English translation of the Swedish term tätort. The official term in English used by Statistics Sweden is, however, "locality" (Swedish: ort). It could be compared with "census-designated places" in the United States.
Gibraltar Nature Reserve
The Gibraltar Nature Reserve (formerly the Upper Rock Nature Reserve) is a protected nature reserve in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar that covers over 40% of the territory's land area. It was established as the Upper Rock Nature Reserve in 1993 under the International Union for Conservation of Nature's category Ia (strict nature reserve) and was last extended in 2013. It is known for its semi-wild population of Barbary macaques, and is an important resting point for migrating birds.

Chamaerops
Chamaerops is a genus of flowering plants in the family Arecaceae. It contains only one species, Chamaerops humilis, variously called European fan palm or the  Mediterranean dwarf palm. It is one of the most cold-hardy palms and is used in landscaping in temperate climates.
Retail Solutions Inc.
Retail Solutions Inc (RSi) is a software company based in Mountain View, California, that provides software-as-a-service products for data management, reporting and business intelligence, and point of sale applications. RSi was named by Forbes as the biggest SaaS company you've never heard of. The company started out selling radio-frequency identification software before moving into its current business. In October 2020, RSi was acquired by IRI Worldwide.

Mountain View, California
Mountain View is a city in Santa Clara County, California, United States, part of the San Francisco Bay Area. Named for its views of the Santa Cruz Mountains, the population was 82,376 at the 2020 census.

Mountain View was integral to the early history and growth of Silicon Valley, and is the location of many high technology companies. In 1956, William Shockley established Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory in Mountain View, the first company to develop silicon semiconductor devices in Silicon Valley. Mountain View houses the headquarters of many of the world's largest technology companies, including Google and Alphabet Inc., Intuit, NASA Ames Research Center, and former or existing headquarters for Symantec, 23andMe, LinkedIn, Samsung, Quora and Synopsys.
Kosmos 2433
Kosmos 2433 (Russian: Космос 2433 meaning Cosmos 2433) is one of a set of three Russian military satellites launched in 2007 as part of the GLONASS satellite navigation system. It was launched with Kosmos 2431 and Kosmos 2432.

This satellite is a GLONASS-M satellite, also known as Uragan-M, and is numbered Uragan-M No. 720.

Kosmos 2431 / 2432 / 2433 were launched from Site 81/24 at Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. A Proton-K carrier rocket with a Blok DM upper stage was used to perform the launch which took place at 07:35 UTC on 26 October 2007. The launch successfully placed the satellites into Medium Earth orbit. It subsequently received its Kosmos designation, and the International Designator 2007-052A. The United States Space Command assigned it the Satellite Catalog Number 32275.

It is part of the GLONASS constellation, in the third plane, orbital slot 19. It started operation on 25 November 2007.

Proton-K
The Proton-K, also designated Proton 8K82K after its GRAU index or SL-12 after its model number, was a Russian, previously Soviet, carrier rocket derived from the earlier Proton. It was built by Khrunichev, and launched from sites 81/23, 81/24, 200/39 and 200/40 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan.

The maiden flight on 10 March 1967 carried a Soyuz 7K-L1 as part of the Zond program. During the so-called Moon Race these Proton/Soyuz/Zond flights consisted of several uncrewed test flights of Soyuz spacecraft to highly elliptical or circumlunar orbits with the unrealized aim of landing Soviet cosmonauts on the Moon.

It was retired from service in favour of the modernised Proton-M, making its 310th and final launch on 30 March 2012.
Marta Bastianelli
Marta Bastianelli (born 30 April 1987) is an Italian former professional racing cyclist, who competed as a professional from 2006 to 2023. Bastianelli won the women's road race at the 2007 UCI Road World Championships ahead of Marianne Vos and Giorgia Bronzini, and also won the equivalent race at the 2018 European Road Cycling Championships, again beating Vos.

2018 European Road Cycling Championships
The 2018 European Road Cycling Championships was the 24th edition of the European Road Cycling Championships, and took place from 12 to 15 July 2018 in Brno, Czech Republic for the under-23 and junior events, and from 5 to 9 August 2018 in Glasgow, United Kingdom for the elite events. The event consisted of a total of 6 road races and 6 time trials, regulated by the Union Européenne de Cyclisme (UEC).

The elite portion of the Championships in Glasgow formed a section of both a first unified UEC European Cycling Championships, and the first multi-sport European Championships.
Courtney Peak (Antarctica)
Courtney Peak is a peak, 1,060 metres (3,480 ft) high, in the northern part of the Gross Hills, Heritage Range. It was mapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and from U.S. Navy air photos, 1961–66, and named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for electronics technician Kenneth N. Courtney, U.S. Navy, who through Operation Deep Freeze 1966 contributed to efficient communications during six austral summer seasons.

Gross Hills
The Gross Hills (79°18′S 83°22′W﻿ / ﻿79.300°S 83.367°W﻿ / -79.300; -83.367) are the line of rugged hills and peaks located east of Schmidt Glacier, in the Heritage Range of Antarctica. They were named by the University of Minnesota Geological Party, 1963–64, for Barton Gross, a geologist with the party.
Hugh Stewart (Canadian politician)
Hugh Stewart (May 15, 1861 – February 12, 1933) was a Canadian politician. He served in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia from 1916 to 1920 from the electoral district of Comox, a member of the Liberal party.

Legislative Assembly of British Columbia
The Legislative Assembly of British Columbia (French: Assemblée législative de la Colombie-Britannique) is the deliberative assembly of the Legislature of British Columbia, in the province of British Columbia, Canada. The legislature also includes the lieutenant governor of British Columbia. The assembly has 93 elected members and meets in Victoria. Members are elected from provincial ridings and are referred to as members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs). Bills passed by the assembly are given royal assent by the lieutenant governor in the name of the King of Canada.

The current legislature is the 43rd Parliament. The most recent general election was held on October 19, 2024. Proceedings of the Legislative Assembly are broadcast by Hansard Broadcasting Services.
Reginaselache
Reginaselache is an extinct genus of xenacanthiform cartilaginous fish known from the Early Carboniferous (Mississippian age, mid-Viséan) of central Queensland, Australia. It was found in the middle the Ducabrook Formation, northwest of Springsure. It was first named by Susan Turner and Carole J. Burrow in 2011 and the type species is Reginaselache morrisi. It might have eaten palaeoniscoids and other fish and/or invertebrates.

Viséan
The Visean, Viséan or Visian is an age in the ICS geologic timescale or a stage in the stratigraphic column. It is the second stage of the Mississippian, the lower subsystem of the Carboniferous. The Visean lasted from 346.7 to 330.3 Ma. It follows the Tournaisian age/stage and is followed by the Serpukhovian age/stage.
Rotwang
C. A. Rotwang is a fictional character in Fritz Lang's 1927 science fiction film Metropolis, as well as screenwriter Thea von Harbou's original novel Metropolis. In the film, Rotwang was played by Rudolf Klein-Rogge.

Thea von Harbou
Thea Gabriele von Harbou (27 December 1888 – 1 July 1954) was a German screenwriter, novelist, film director, and actress. She is remembered as the screenwriter of the science fiction film classic Metropolis (1927) and for the 1925 novel on which it was based. Von Harbou collaborated as a screenwriter with film director Fritz Lang, her husband, during the period of transition from silent to sound films.
David Bielkheden
David Bielkheden (born June 6, 1979) is a retired Swedish mixed martial artist who competed in the Welterweight division. A professional competitor since 2001, he has competed for the UFC, PRIDE Fighting Championships, Shooto, Cage Rage, M-1 Global, and Cage Warriors.

Cage Rage Championships
Cage Rage Championships, also known as Cage Rage, was a United Kingdom-based, mixed martial arts promotion that premiered on 7 September 2002 in London. Cage Rage went into liquidation and is now no longer trading. Cage Rage had been owned and managed by Elite XC until that company ceased operating, and the British promoters behind Cage Rage formed a new organization and withdrew all the old Cage Rage titles.  Matchmaker and on-screen personality Dave O'Donnell was also a minority shareholder in the company. Fellow on-screen personality and co-promoter Andy Geer also owned a minority stake until he left the promotion in 2008. Cage Rage events were replayed on Nuts TV, along with their own weekday show on The Fight Network (UK & Ireland) until these channels closed down.  Every Cage Rage event and bout is now archived as part of the UFC Fight Pass library.
Nissan Sileighty
The Sileighty (シルエイティ) is a fastback automobile based on the Nissan 180SX, a car produced by Nissan based on the Nissan S platform, that replaces the front-end of the 180SX with the one from an S13 Silvia (a modification known as a "front-end swap", i.e. replacing the front section of a car with a different one).

A related model known as the Onevia (ワンビア) is the opposite of the Sileighty created by replacing the front-end of the S13 Silvia with the one from a 180SX, a combination that was never officially offered by Nissan in Japan and other parts of the world except in North America, which was sold as the coupe and convertible version of the 240SX for that region.

Fastback
A fastback is an automotive styling feature, defined by the rear of the car having a single slope from the roof to the tail.

Some models, such as the Ford Mustang, have been marketed explicitly as fastbacks, often to differentiate them from other body styles (e.g. coupé models) in the same model range.
Short Titles Act
Short Titles Act (with its variations) is a stock short title used for legislation in Ireland and the United Kingdom which retroactively confers short titles on a large number of earlier pieces of legislation. The Bill for an Act with this short title will have been known as a Short Titles Bill during its passage through Parliament.

Halsbury's Laws said that Short Titles Acts are law reform Acts.

In modern times, an Act will authorize a short title to refer to itself, and occasionally additional or alternative short titles are provided, as for example the Senior Courts Act 1981.

Legislation
Legislation is the process or result of enrolling, enacting, or promulgating laws by a legislature, parliament, or analogous governing body. Before an item of legislation becomes law it may be known as a bill, and may be broadly referred to as "legislation" while it remains under consideration to distinguish it from other business. Legislation can have many purposes: to regulate, to authorize, to outlaw, to provide (funds), to sanction, to grant, to declare, or to restrict. It may be contrasted with a non-legislative act by an executive or administrative body under the authority of a legislative act.
1907 Fordham football team
The 1907 Fordham football team was an American football team that represented Fordham University as an independent during the 1907 college football season. Fordham claims a 18–1–1 record, and College Football Data Warehouse (CFDW) lists the team's record at 6–1–1.

Fred L. Smith was the team's coach for a fourth and final year. Quarterback Howard Gargan was the team captain and took over as head coach in 1908.  The team played its home games at Fordham Field in The Bronx.

1907 college football season
The 1907 college football season saw the increased use of the forward pass, which had been legalized the year before.  Football remained a dangerous game, despite the "debrutalization" reforms, and an unprecedented eleven players were killed (9 high school and 2 college), while 98 others were seriously injured. However, there were no serious injuries reported among the major colleges.  The Yale Bulldogs, unbeaten with a record of 9–0–1, had the best record.  The Helms Athletic Foundation, founded in 1936, declared retroactively that Yale had been the best college football team of 1907. Yale and Penn both claim 1907 as a national championship season.  Although Yale was named as champion by 6 different entities, Penn was not named champion by any.  Penn's claim to the championship is only by the university itself.
Mohammad Zabihullah
Mohammad Zabihullah was an anti-Soviet resistance leader in Afghanistan in the 1980s. Zabihullah was a former religious school teacher, member of the Jamiat-e Islami movement, and lead the faction in Balkh Province until his assassination by KhAD in December 1984, which threw his resistance in Balkh into disarray.

He commanded Balkh with several thousand fighters and was one of the best known commanders to the Western press in the 1980-1984 period. He had been described as an "excellent organizer." Zabiullah, like Massoud, also established civil administration in his region such as literacy classes and schools.

On 14 December 1984, Zabihullah was killed when his Jeep ran over a landmine.

KHAD
The Khadamat-e Aetla'at-e Dawlati (Pashto/Dari: خدمات اطلاعات دولتی literally "State Intelligence Agency", also known as "State Information Services" or "Committee of State Security"), better known by the acronym KhAD, was the agency in charge of internal security, foreign intelligence, counter-intelligence and the secret police of the former Democratic Republic of Afghanistan.
Eta Columbae
Eta Columbae is a solitary star near the southern boundary of the constellation Columba. It is visible to the naked eye, having an apparent visual magnitude of 3.96. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 6.91 mas, it lies at a distance of roughly 472 light years from the Sun.

This is an orange-hued K-type giant star with a stellar classification of K0 III, or possibly a bright giant with a crossover class of G8/K1 II. The measured angular diameter of this star, after correction for limb darkening, is 2.48±0.03 mas. At the estimated distance of this star, this yields a physical size of about 38.6 times the radius of the Sun. It has an estimated 3.33 times the mass of the Sun and radiates 708 times the solar luminosity from its outer atmosphere at an effective temperature of 4,620 K.

Angular diameter
The angular diameter, angular width, angular size, apparent diameter, or apparent size is an angular separation (in units of angle) describing how large a sphere or circle appears from a given point of view. In the vision sciences, it is called the visual angle, and in optics, it is the angular aperture (of a lens). The angular diameter can alternatively be thought of as the angular displacement through which an eye or camera must rotate to look from one side of an apparent circle to the opposite side.

A person can resolve with their naked eyes diameters down to about 1 arcminute (approximately 0.017° or 0.0003 radians). This corresponds to 0.3 m at a 1 km distance, or to perceiving Venus as a disk under optimal conditions.
2000 NCAA women's gymnastics championships
The 2000 NCAA women's gymnastics championships were contested at the 19th annual tournament hosted by the NCAA to determine the individual and team national champions of women's gymnastics among its member programs in the United States.

The competition took place from April 13–15 in Boise, Idaho, hosted by Boise State University in the BSU Pavilion.

UCLA won the team national championship, the Bruins' second NCAA national title and first since 1998.

Heather Brink, from Nebraska, and Mohini Bhardwaj, from UCLA, shared the individual all-around championship with scores of 39.625.

Boise State University
Boise State University (BSU) is a public research university in Boise, Idaho, United States. Founded in 1932 by the Episcopal Church, it became an independent junior college in 1934 and has been awarding baccalaureate and master's degrees since 1965. It became a public institution in 1969.

Boise State offers more than 100 graduate programs, including a variety of MBA programs and the MAcc program in the College of Business and Economics; master's and PhD programs in the Colleges of Engineering, Arts & Sciences, and Education; MPA program in the School of Public Service; and the MPH program in the College of Health Sciences. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity". In the 2024 fiscal year, Boise State reported total research awards exceeding $83 million and research expenditures surpassing $70 million.

The university's intercollegiate athletic teams, the Broncos, compete in NCAA Division I as a member of the Mountain West Conference.
Monchegorsk constituency
The Monchegorsk constituency (No.115) was a Russian legislative constituency in the Murmansk Oblast in 1993–2003. It covered western Murmansk Oblast. The constituency was last occupied by United Russia deputy and Regions of Russia faction member Igor Chernyshenko, former Deputy Governor of Murmansk Oblast, who won a by-election in 2000.

The constituency was dissolved in 2003 due to declining population in Murmansk Oblast, which resulted in Monchegorsk constituency being merged with Murmansk constituency.

Murmansk Oblast
Murmansk Oblast is a federal subject (an oblast) of Russia, located in the northwestern part of the country, with a total land area of 144,900 square kilometres (55,900 sq mi). Its only internal border is the Republic of Karelia to the south, and it is bordered internationally by Finland to the west and Norway to the northwest and the Barents Sea lies to the north and White Sea lies to the south and east. Its administrative center is the city of Murmansk. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 795,409; however, at the 2021 Census, the population had declined to 667,744.
Kannamangalam, Tiruvannamalai district
Kannamangalam, previously referred as  Mangalam is a  panchayat town in Tiruvanamalai district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is located around 21 km from Vellore. Places with the suffix "mangalam" were believed to have been given as charity  by the Kings of a particular reign, "Kannamangalam" was thus named by the same criteria. The Naganathi River, which passes through locality serve the water needs of the town during seasonal periods. Mudaliars and Muslims form the majority of the population in Kannamangalam town. Where as, Vanniyars are abundant in neighbouring villages.

Nagar panchayat
A nagar panchayat (transl. 'town council') or town panchayat or Notified Area Council (NAC) in India is a settlement in transition from rural to urban and therefore a form of an urban political unit comparable to a municipality. An urban centre with more than 12,000 and less than 40,000 inhabitants is classified as a nagar panchayat. The population requirement for a town panchayat can vary from state to state.

Such councils are formed under the panchayati raj administrative system. In census data, the abbreviation T.P. is used to indicate a "town panchayat". Tamil Nadu was the first state to introduce the panchayat town as an intermediate step between rural villages and urban local bodies (ULB). The structure and the functions of the nagar panchayat are decided by the state government.