hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Paul Poovathingal
Paul Poovathingal (born 1961), popularly known as the 'Padum Pathiri' or 'singing priest of India', is a carnatic music (Indian classical music) vocalist, composer and lyricist and is the first vocologist in India. He is an ordained priest in the religious congregation of the Carmelites of Mary Immaculate (CMI). He has composed around 1000 songs and released 35 music albums. He is a disciple of the legendary Carnatic musician and playback singer Padmabhushan K. J. Yesudas and of Chandramana Narayan Namboothiri. He is the first Indian Christian priest in the world to earn PhD in Carnatic music. He has performed classical music before A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, President of India and before Bharat Ratna M.S. Subbulakshmi.

M. S. Subbulakshmi
Madurai Shanmukhavadivu Subbulakshmi (16 September 1916 – 11 December 2004) was an Indian Carnatic singer. She was the first musician ever to be awarded the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honour and also the first Indian musician to receive the Ramon Magsaysay award in 1974. She was the first Indian to perform at the United Nations General Assembly in 1966.
Reinhard Mohn Prize
The Reinhard Mohn Prize has been awarded by the Bertelsmann Stiftung since 2011. It recognizes internationally renowned individuals for their forward-looking solutions to social and political challenges. Given in memory of Reinhard Mohn, who died in 2009, it succeeds the Carl Bertelsmann Prize, which was awarded from 1988 to 2008. The Reinhard Mohn Prize is one of the main responsibilities of Liz Mohn, honorary member of the Bertelsmann Stiftung's board of trustees.

Recipients of the prize include former United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan (2013), German President Joachim Gauck (2018), and President of Moldova Maia Sandu (2025).

Bertelsmann Stiftung
The Bertelsmann Stiftung is an independent foundation under private law, based in Gütersloh, Germany. It was founded in 1977 by Reinhard Mohn as the result of social, corporate and fiscal considerations. The foundation states that it promotes "reform processes" and "the principles of entrepreneurial activity" to build a "future-oriented society".

Since 1993, the Bertelsmann Stiftung has held the majority of capital shares in the Bertelsmann Group. It holds 80.9% together with the Reinhard Mohn Stiftung and the BVG Stiftung but has no voting rights.
Jeff Blando
Jeff "Blando" Bland (born December 6, 1964, in Flint, Michigan) is an American guitarist and singer who played for Michigan-based cover band, KODY LEE, Left For Dead and Saigon Kick. He is currently the lead guitarist for Slaughter and Vince Neil and has been in Dokken's George Lynch's Lynchmob/George Lynch Band as its lead vocalist and 2nd guitarist singing both Dokken and Lynchmob originals Live.

He has played with Mötley Crüe singer Vince Neil, both with his former Saigon Kick touring bandmate Phil Varone, and with his Slaughter bandmate Dana Strum.

Phil Varone
Phil Varone (born October 15, 1967) is an American drummer. He is a founding and current member of the rock band Saigon Kick from 1988 to 1996, from 2012 to 2015, and again since 2024. While out of Saigon Kick for several years, some of which Saigon Kick was not active, he played for Prunella Scales, Skid Row, and Vince Neil.
Spatial ecology
Spatial ecology  studies the ultimate distributional or spatial unit occupied by a species. In a particular habitat shared by several species, each of the species is usually confined to its own microhabitat or spatial niche because two species in the same general territory cannot usually occupy the same ecological niche for any significant length of time.

Species distribution
Species distribution, or species dispersion, is the manner in which a biological taxon is spatially arranged. The geographic limits of a particular taxon's distribution is its range, often represented as shaded areas on a map. Patterns of distribution change depending on the scale at which they are viewed, from the arrangement of individuals within a small family unit, to patterns within a population, or the distribution of the entire species as a whole (range). Species distribution is not to be confused with dispersal, which is the movement of individuals away from their region of origin or from a population center of high density.
Carlini (crater)
Carlini is a small lunar impact crater located in the Mare Imbrium. It was named after Italian astronomer Francesco Carlini. The crater is bowl-shaped with a small central floor. It has a higher albedo than the surrounding mare, making it prominent due to its isolated location. To the south is a wrinkle ridge named Dorsum Zirkel, and farther south lies the peak Mons La Hire.

Dorsum Zirkel
Dorsum Zirkel is a wrinkle ridge at 29°36′N 24°48′W﻿ / ﻿29.6°N 24.8°W﻿ / 29.6; -24.8 northeast of Mons La Hire in Mare Imbrium on the Moon. It is 193 km long and was named after German geologist Ferdinand Zirkel in 1976.

Two small craters, La Hire A and B, lie on either side of the dorsum.  The large crater Lambert is to the southeast, and the smaller McDonald is to the northeast.
Terma (religion)
Terma (Tibetan: གཏེར་མ, Wylie: gter ma; "hidden treasure") are various forms of hidden teachings that are key to the Vajrayana of Tibetan Buddhism and Bon spiritual traditions. In the Vajrayana Nyingma school tradition, two lineages occur: an oral Kama lineage and a revealed Terma lineage. Terma teachings were originally concealed by eighth-century Vajrayana masters Padmasambhava and Yeshe Tsogyal, to be discovered by treasure revealers known as tertöns, when the time was ripe. As such, the termas represent a tradition of continuous revelation in the Vajrayana of Tibetan Buddhism.

Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo
Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo (Tibetan: འཇམ་དབྱངས་མཁྱེན་བརྩེའི་དབང་པོ, 1820–1892), also known by his tertön title, Pema Ösel Dongak Lingpa, was a teacher, scholar and tertön of 19th-century Tibet. He was a leading figure in the Rimé movement.

Having seen how the Gelug institutions pushed the other traditions into the corners of Tibet's cultural life, Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo and Jamgön Kongtrül Lodrö Thayé compiled together the teachings of the Sakya, Kagyu and Nyingma, including many near-extinct teachings, thus creating the Rimé movement. Without their collection and printing of rare works, the suppression of Buddhism by the Communists would have been much more final.
Mosque Street, Hong Kong
Mosque Street (Chinese: 摩羅廟街) is a street in the Mid-levels of Hong Kong, belonging to the Central and Western District. It is named after the historic Jamia Mosque nearby. The Central–Mid-Levels escalator intersects this road as it passes the mosque.

Jamia Mosque (Hong Kong)
The Jamia Mosque is a Friday mosque in Mid-Levels, Hong Kong, China. Completed in 1890, it is the oldest mosque in Hong Kong. The neighbouring streets –  Mosque Street and Mosque Junction –  are named after the mosque. Mufti Abdul Zaman is the main Imam and he leads prayers and taraweeh during Ramadan.
Canoe camping
Canoe camping, also known as touring, tripping or expedition canoeing, is a combination of canoeing and camping. Canoe campers typically carry enough supplies with them to travel and camp for several days via a canoe.

Sigurd F. Olson
Sigurd Ferdinand Olson (April 4, 1899 – January 13, 1982) was an American writer, environmentalist, and advocate for the protection of wilderness.  For more than thirty years, he served as a wilderness guide in the lakes and forests of the Quetico-Superior country of northern Minnesota and western Ontario. He was known honorifically as the Bourgeois — a term the voyageurs of old used of their trusted leaders.
The Beauty Myth
The Beauty Myth: How Images of Beauty Are Used Against Women is a nonfiction book by Naomi Wolf, originally published in 1990 by Chatto & Windus in the UK and William Morrow & Co (1991) in the United States. It was republished in 2002 by HarperPerennial with a new introduction.

The basic premise of The Beauty Myth is that as the social power and prominence of women have increased, the pressure they feel to adhere to unrealistic social standards of physical beauty has also grown stronger because of commercial influences on the mass media. This pressure leads to unhealthy behaviors by women and a preoccupation with appearance in both sexes, and it compromises the ability of women to be effective in and accepted by society.

Plastic surgery
Plastic surgery is a surgical specialty involving restoration, reconstruction, or alteration of the human body. It can be divided into two main categories: reconstructive surgery and cosmetic surgery. Reconstructive surgery covers a wide range of specialties, including craniofacial surgery, oral and maxillofacial surgery, hand surgery, microsurgery, and the treatment of burns. This kind of surgery focuses on restoring a body part or improving its function. In contrast, cosmetic (or aesthetic) surgery focuses solely on improving the physical appearance of the body. A comprehensive definition of plastic surgery has never been established, because it has no distinct anatomical object and thus overlaps with practically all other surgical specialties. An essential feature of plastic surgery is that it involves the treatment of conditions that require or may require tissue relocation skills.
History of Scottish Gaelic
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig [ˈkaːlɪkʲ] ⓘ), is a Celtic language native to Scotland. A member of the Goidelic branch of the Celtic languages, Scottish Gaelic, like Modern Irish and Manx, developed out of Middle Irish. Most of modern Scotland was once Gaelic-speaking, as evidenced especially by Gaelic-language placenames.

Middle Irish
Middle Irish, also called Middle Gaelic (Irish: An Mheán-Ghaeilge, Scottish Gaelic: Meadhan-Ghàidhlig, Manx: Mean Ghaelg), is the Goidelic language which was spoken in Ireland, most of Scotland and the Isle of Man from c. 900–1200 AD; it is therefore a contemporary of Late Old English and Early Middle English. The modern Goidelic languages—Modern Irish, Scottish Gaelic and Manx Gaelic—are all descendants of Middle Irish.
Liberalism in Belgium
This article gives an overview of liberalism in Belgium. Liberalism was a dominant force since Belgian independence from the Netherlands. It is limited to liberal parties with substantial support, as evidenced by having had representation in the parliament. The sign ⇒ denotes another party in that scheme. For inclusion in this scheme, it is not necessary for parties to label themselves as liberal.

Sociaal-Liberale Partij
Sociaal-Liberale Partij (Dutch pronunciation: [soːˈɕaːlibəˌraːlə pɑrˈtɛi] ⓘ, abbr. SLP; Dutch for Social Liberal Party) was a Belgian Flemish political party formed after dissolution of the moderate nationalist People's Union (Volksunie) party. Prior to 19 April 2008 it was known as Spirit, and intermediately as Flemish Progressives (VlaamsProgressieven). The party merged with Groen in the end of 2009, ceasing to exist.
Bloomsbury Dispensary for the Relief of the Sick Poor
The Bloomsbury Dispensary for the Relief of the Sick Poor was an institution founded in 1801 to provide medical aid and suitable nourishment to the poor people of that part of London.

George Pinckard founded the dispensary on 26 October 1801 and became its first physician, remaining there for thirty years. It was established at  62 Great Russell Street.

Great Russell Street
Great Russell Street is a street in Bloomsbury, London, best known for being the location of the British Museum. It runs between Tottenham Court Road (part of the A400 route) in the west, and Southampton Row (part of the A4200 route) in the east. It is one-way only (eastbound) between its western origin at Tottenham Court Road and Bloomsbury Street.

The headquarters of the Trades Union Congress is located at Nos. 23–28 (Congress House).  The street is also the home of the Contemporary Ceramics Centre,  the gallery for the Craft Potters Association of Great Britain; as well as the High Commission of Barbados to the United Kingdom. The Queen Mary Hall and YWCA Central Club, built by Sir Edwin Lutyens between 1928 and 1932, was at No 16-22 (it is now a hotel).
Hortensius (crater)
Hortensius is a small, bowl-shaped lunar impact crater that is located in the northern part of the Mare Insularum. It was named after 17th century Dutch astronomer Martin van den Hove (Latinized as Martinus Hortensius).

It lies some distance to the west-southwest of the prominent crater Copernicus. Hortensius is circular and cup-shaped, with a small floor at the midpoint of the sloping interior walls. The interior has a higher albedo than the surrounding lunar mare, despite traces of ray material from Copernicus.

To the north of this feature is a collection of six lunar domes, many having a tiny craterlet at the summit. These are shield volcanoes that were formed by a highly viscous type of lava. The domes are generally circular in form, with a diameter of 6–8 kilometers (4–5 mi), and rising as high as 400 meters (1300 ft). They are formed of the same material as the surrounding mare, although from a different process.

Copernicus (lunar crater)
Copernicus is a lunar impact crater located in eastern Oceanus Procellarum. It was named after the astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus. It typifies craters that formed during the Copernican period in that it has a prominent ray system.
It may have been created by debris from the breakup of the parent body of asteroid 495 Eulalia 800 million years ago.
1908 United States presidential election in North Dakota
The 1908 United States presidential election in North Dakota took place on November 3, 1908. Voters chose four representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

North Dakota voted for the Republican nominee, Secretary of War William Howard Taft of Ohio and his running mate James S. Sherman of New York. They defeated the Democratic nominees, former U.S. Representative of Nebraska William Jennings Bryan and his running mate John W. Kern of Indiana. Taft won the state by a margin of 26.23%.

With 61.02% of the popular vote, North Dakota would be Taft's fourth strongest victory in terms of percentage in the popular vote after Vermont, Maine and Michigan.

Bryan had previously lost North Dakota to Republican William McKinley in both 1896 and 1900.

1908 United States presidential election in Maine
The 1908 United States presidential election in Maine took place on November 3, 1908, as part of the 1908 United States presidential election. Voters chose six representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

Maine voted for the Republican nominees, Secretary of War William Howard Taft of Ohio and his running mate James S. Sherman of New York. They defeated the Democratic nominees, former U.S. Representative William Jennings Bryan of Nebraska and his running mate John W. Kern of Indiana.. Taft won the state by a margin of 29.71%.

With 63% of the popular vote, Maine would be Taft's second strongest victory in terms of percentage in the popular vote after nearby Vermont.

Bryan had previously lost Maine to William McKinley in both 1896 and 1900.
2006 Rhode Island gubernatorial election
The 2006 Rhode Island gubernatorial election took place on November 7, 2006. Incumbent Republican Donald Carcieri very narrowly defeated Democratic lieutenant governor Charles J. Fogarty in one of the closest gubernatorial elections in Rhode Island history. With a margin of 2%, this election was also the second-closest race of the 2006 gubernatorial election cycle, behind only the election in Minnesota.

As of 2025, this was the last time a Republican was elected Governor of Rhode Island and the last time a Republican won any statewide office in Rhode Island. This is also the last time the Republican candidate won the counties of Bristol and Washington. This is the last time that a gubernatorial nominee and a lieutenant gubernatorial nominee of different political parties were elected governor and lieutenant governor of Rhode Island.

2006 Minnesota gubernatorial election
The 2006 Minnesota gubernatorial election took place on November 7, 2006. Incumbent Tim Pawlenty was endorsed by the state Republican convention on June 2, 2006, while the state Democratic–Farmer–Labor convention endorsed Mike Hatch on June 10, 2006. The party primaries took place on September 12, 2006, with Hatch defeating DFL challengers Becky Lourey and Ole Savior and incumbent Pawlenty defeating Sue Jeffers. In the November 7 general election, Pawlenty received a plurality of the votes, defeating Hatch by a margin of 0.96%. As a result, this election was the closest race of the 2006 gubernatorial election cycle.

As of 2026, this is the last time a Republican won a statewide race in Minnesota.
Te Puru
Te Puru is a locality on the western side of the Coromandel Peninsula of New Zealand. State Highway 25 runs through it. Tapu lies about 7 km to the north, and Thames is about 12 km to the south. The Te Puru Stream and about 18 tributaries drain a steep hilly 23 km2 area of the Coromandel Range, almost entirely covered by native forest. It runs through the settlement and into the Firth of Thames to the west. Flooding has been a problem.

Te Puru track runs between Te Puru and Tapu-Coroglen road, intersecting with Waiomu Valley and Crosbies Main Range tramping tracks on the way.

Firth of Thames
The Firth of Thames (Māori: Tikapa Moana-o-Hauraki) is a large bay located in the north of the North Island of New Zealand. It is the firth of the rivers Waihou and Piako, the former of which was formerly named the Thames River, and the town of Thames lies on its southeastern coast.

Its Maori name is Tikapa. In traditional legend, the firth and the greater Hauraki Gulf are protected by a taniwha named Ureia, who takes the form of a whale.

The firth lies at the southern end of the Hauraki Gulf, southeast of the city of Auckland. It occupies a rift valley or graben between the Coromandel Peninsula and Hunua Ranges, which continues into the Hauraki Plains to the south.
Gwilym Kessey
Gwilym Taf Kessey (13 January 1919 – 25 June 1986) was an Australian cricketer who played thirteen first-class matches between 1945 and 1950 for Western Australian sides as a wicket-keeper. He made his debut for Western Australia in 1945 against the Australian Services cricket team, making 22* in his only innings. Kessey played in Western Australia's inaugural Sheffield Shield match in November 1947 against South Australia, making 12 runs batting at #8. He played one match for a Western Australia Combined XI featuring Test players Ian Johnson, Ken Meuleman, Bruce Dooland and Sid Barnes against the MCC in 1946, stumping Test cricketers Denis Compton and Bill Edrich. Overall, he played 13 first-class matches, scoring 320 runs with a highest score of 60, and making 26 dismissals. His identical twin daughters, Karen and Katherine Kessey, were both actresses.

Ken Meuleman
Kenneth Douglas Meuleman (5 September 1923 – 10 September 2004) was an Australian cricketer who played in one Test match in 1946. His cricket career started in Victoria, but after moving to Perth, Western Australia, he established himself as an important member of the State Sheffield Shield team between 1945/46 and 1960/61. He captained the side for a number of seasons.

He also established a still operating sporting goods store in Perth called Meuleman's Cricket Centre as well as coaching and developing the sport, including particularly the development of Justin Langer. Born to parents of German ancestry, his son Robert Meuleman and grandson Scott Meuleman have also played for Western Australia.
Crash test
A crash test is a form of destructive testing usually performed in order to ensure safe design standards in crashworthiness and crash compatibility for various modes of transportation (see automobile safety) or related systems and components.

Euro NCAP
The European New Car Assessment Programme (Euro NCAP) is a European voluntary car safety performance assessment programme (i.e. a New Car Assessment Program) based in Leuven, Belgium. Formed in 1996, the first results were released in February 1997. It was originally started by the Transport Research Laboratory for the UK Department for Transport but later backed by several European governments, as well as by the European Union (EU). Their slogan is "For Safer Cars".
Andiorrhinus kuru
Andiorrhinus kuru of the family Glossoscolecidae in the class Oligochaeta is a species of earthworm found in the Alto Orinoco of Amazonas state in Venezuela. Worms of the genus Andiorrhinus are believed to create the Surales landscapes of Venezuela and Colombia, composed of green mounds which form intricate patterns in the floodplains of the Orinoco River of South America.

This earthworm features in the diet of the Makiritare Indians together with another species Andiorrhinus motto (Righi and Araujo, 1999). Andiorrhinus kuru is large, terrestrial and occurs in the upland forest of the Padamo River, being found under 10–20 cm of soil near the root mat of the trees.

Glossoscolecidae
The Glossoscolecidae are a large family of earthworms (annelids) which has native representatives in South and Central America. The species Pontoscolex corethrurus has a circumtropical distribution.

They are found mostly in forest, but one species of earthworms lives primarily in coastal beach sand. The earthworms in this family can reach up to 2 m in length.
Estradiol 3-glucuronide
Estradiol 3-glucuronide (E2-3G), also known as 17β-estradiol 3-(β-D-glucuronide), is a naturally occurring and endogenous estrogen conjugate. It is specifically the C3 glucuronide conjugate of estradiol, the major estrogen in the body. It is formed from estradiol in the liver by UDP-glucuronosyltransferase via attachment of glucuronic acid and is eventually excreted in urine and bile. Similarly to estrogen sulfates like estrone sulfate, estrogen glucuronides have much higher water solubility than do unconjugated estrogens like estradiol.

Estrogen glucuronides can be deconjugated into the corresponding free estrogens by β-glucuronidase in tissues that express this enzyme, such as the mammary gland. As a result, estrogen glucuronides have estrogenic activity via conversion into estrogens.

Estradiol 3-glucuronide is a positional isomer of estradiol 17β-glucuronide.

Glucuronide
A glucuronide, also known as glucuronoside, is any substance produced by linking glucuronic acid to another substance via a glycosidic bond. The glucuronides belong to the glycosides.

Glucuronidation, the conversion of chemical compounds to glucuronides, is a method that animals use to assist in the excretion of toxic substances, drugs or other substances that cannot be used as an energy source.  Glucuronic acid is attached via a glycosidic bond to the substance, and the resulting glucuronide, which has a much higher water solubility than the original substance, is eventually excreted by the kidneys.

Enzymes that cleave the glycosidic bond of a glucuronide are called glucuronidases.
Funky Skunk
Funky Skunk, a mix album released in late summer 2005, has been framed within the project Public Works billed as a DJ Shadow/Obey reconstruction and co-production between Josh Davis (DJ Shadow) and Shepard Fairey, in concordance with a product line of shirts, stickers and box set.

DJ Shadow
Joshua Paul Davis (born June 29, 1972), better known by his stage name DJ Shadow, is an American DJ and record producer. His debut studio album, Endtroducing....., was released in 1996.
He uses layered production with numerous samples.

He was also formerly of the band Unkle (1996–1999).