hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Roman army
The Roman Army (Latin: Exercitus Romanus) served ancient Rome and the Roman people enduring through the Roman Kingdom (753–509 BC), the Roman Republic (509–27 BC), and the Roman Empire (27 BC – AD 476/1453), including the Western Roman Empire (collapsed AD 476/480) and the Eastern Roman Empire (collapsed AD 1453). It is thus a term that broadly spans approximately 2,206 years, during which the force underwent numerous permutations in size, composition, organization, equipment and tactics, while conserving a core of lasting traditions.

Centuria
Centuria (Latin: [kɛn̪ˈt̪ʊria]; pl.: centuriae) is a Latin term (from the stem centum meaning one hundred) denoting military units originally consisting of 100 men. The size of the centuria changed over time, and from the first century BC through most of the imperial era the standard size of a centuria was 80 soldiers. By the time of the Roman Empire, ordo became a synonym of centuria (in 4 BC it was used for a maniple). Ten contuberniums formed a century, composed of 80 legionaries. Commanding this unit was the centurion, a veteran expert in combat analogous to a non-commissioned officer. His role was not only that of a leader, but also that of an instructor and responsible for discipline within his unit. The centurion was assisted by the optio, his second-in-command and other officers such as the tesserarius, in charge of security, the signifer, who carried the banner, and the cornicen, who transmitted orders by trumpet.
Hell in a Cell (2012)
The 2012 Hell in a Cell was the fourth annual Hell in a Cell professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by WWE. It was held on October 28, 2012, at Philips Arena in Atlanta, Georgia. The event drew a total of 199,000 buys, which is an improvement over 2011 Hell in a Cell, which drew 182,000 buys.

Eight matches were contested at the event, with no matches on the pre-show. In the main event, CM Punk defeated Ryback in a Hell in a Cell match to retain the WWE Championship, ending Ryback's undefeated streak. In other prominent matches, Big Show defeated Sheamus to win the World Heavyweight Championship and Eve Torres defeated Layla and Kaitlyn to retain the WWE Divas Championship.

Professional wrestling strikes
Strikes can be offensive moves in professional wrestling, that can sometimes be used to set up an opponent for a hold or for a throw. There are a wide variety of strikes in pro wrestling, and many are known by several different names. Professional wrestlers frequently give their finishers new names. Occasionally, these names become popular and are used regardless of the wrestler performing the technique.

Professional wrestling contains a variety of punches and kicks found in martial arts and other fighting sports; the moves listed below are more specific to wrestling itself. Many of the moves below can also be performed from a raised platform (the top rope, the ring apron, etc.); these are called aerial variations. Moves are listed under general categories whenever possible.
Diccionario de argentinismos
Diccionario de argentinismos is an authoritative dictionary of the Spanish language as occurring in Argentina prior to 1911.  It was published in 1911 under the auspices of the Comisión Nacional del Centenario (Argentine National Commission on the Centenary) and printed in Buenos Aires by Imprenta de Coni Hermanos (Coni Brothers Press).

The introduction begins with a discussion of the merits of the Diccionario de la lengua española de la Real Academia Española (DRAE), except that DRAE has insufficient coverage of Spanish as spoken in Argentina.  Diccionario de argentinismos lists 15,000 terms and senses not in DRAE, and many additional phrases.

Diccionario de la lengua española
The Diccionario de la lengua española (DLE; English: Dictionary of the Spanish language) is the authoritative dictionary of the Spanish language. It is produced, edited, and published by the Royal Spanish Academy, with the participation of the Association of Academies of the Spanish Language. It was first published in 1780, as the Diccionario de la lengua castellana and subsequent editions have been published about once a decade. The twenty-third edition was published in 2014; it is available online, incorporating modifications to be included in the twenty-fourth print edition.

The dictionary was created to maintain the linguistic purity of the Spanish language; unlike many English-language dictionaries, it is intended to be authoritative and prescriptive, rather than descriptive.
Borgholm Municipality
Borgholm Municipality (Swedish: Borgholms kommun) is a municipality in Kalmar County, south-eastern Sweden, constituting the northern half of the island of Öland in the Baltic Sea. The municipal seat is located in the city of Borgholm.

Notable historic sites in this municipality are Borgholm Castle and Halltorps Estate.

The local government reform in the 1970s saw the creation of two municipalities on the island of Öland. Borgholm Municipality is the northern of the two and consists of sixteen original (pre-1952) entities. The southern half of the island is made up of Mörbylånga Municipality.

It is the birthplace of John Eke, A long distance runner who competed in the 1912 Olympics, He later competed for the Irish American Athletic Club in NYC

Borgholm Castle
Borgholm Castle (Swedish: Borgholms slott) in Borgholm, Sweden, is today only a ruin of the fortress that was first built in the second half of the 13th century and rebuilt many times in later centuries. It is linked to Halltorp estate, to the south. The castle was destroyed in a fire on 14 October 1806.
DWFA-DTV
DWFA-DTV, better known on-air as GNN TV 48 Naga, is a TV station owned by Global Satellite Technology Services and currently an affiliate of the Golden Nation Network in the Philippines. Its studios and transmitter are located at the 5th Floor, S.T. Bldg., Naga College Foundation Compound, Brgy. Peñafrancia, Naga City. It covers the whole Naga City and nearby towns.

Golden Nation Network
Golden Nation Network (GNN) is a national news and public affairs television channel in the Philippines owned by Global Satellite Technology Services (GSTS), operator of GSAT Direct TV. GNN was established in 2019 by a team of broadcast industry veterans with the aim of offering a credible, well-rounded alternative to mainstream media.

The channel is known for its news coverage, public service programming, government affairs reporting, and civic engagement initiatives.
1976 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship
The 1976 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship was the 45th staging of the All-Ireland Minor Football Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier inter-county Gaelic football tournament for boys under 18.

Kerry entered the championship as defending champions; however, they were defeated by Cork in the Munster final.

On 26 September 1976, Galway won the championship following a 1–10 to 0–6 defeat of Cork in the All-Ireland final. This was their fourth All-Ireland title overall and their first in six championship seasons.

1975 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship
The 1975 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship was the 44th staging of the All-Ireland Minor Football Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier inter-county Gaelic football tournament for boys under the age of 18.

Cork entered the championship as defending champions, however, they were defeated by Kerry in the Munster final.

On 28 September 1975, Kerry won the championship following a 1–10 to 0–4 defeat of Tyrone in the All-Ireland final. This was their eighth All-Ireland title overall and their first in twelve championship seasons.
Morgenstond
Morgenstond (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈmɔrɣə(n)ˌstɔnt], literally Morning or Dawn) is a 'wijk' in the south of The Hague in the Escamp 'stadsdeel'. Morgenstond was built during the early 50s and borders Bouwlust and Vrederust in the west, Leyenburg and Houtwijk in the north, Moerwijk and Zuiderpark in the east and Wateringse Veld in the south. Most streets in Morgenstond are named after places in Drenthe and Overijssel. Morgenstond used to be part of the former Loosduinen municipality, which was annexed by The Hague in 1923.

Morgenstond can be divided into three neighborhoods:

Morgenstond-West (Morgenstond-West)

Morgenstond-Oost (Morgenstond-East)

Morgenstond-Zuid (Morgenstond-South)

Houtwijk
Houtwijk (roughly translated as "Wood District") is a neighbourhood of The Hague, located in the Loosduinen district, with more than 5,000 homes. Houtwijk mainly contains a lot of new constructions that were built both in and after the 1970s and 1980s. There are also both many owner-occupied and rental properties. While officially a neighbourhood of Loosduinen, some residents consider it its own subdistrict. This is mainly because its name contains wijk which translates to "district".
Steel industry in China
The steel industry of the People's Republic of China, initially small and hindered by war, expanded rapidly following market reforms in 1978, eventually becoming the world's largest producer. Despite this growth, the industry faced challenges with high debt, market volatility, and environmental pressures. Rising exports from 2023-2024 led to global oversupply, price drops, and tariffs, prompting China to halt new steel mill approvals and encourage overseas investments. China's central government has also worked to phase out unprofitable "zombie" companies while pushing for stricter environmental controls on steel production.

Shougang Group
Shougang Group Co., Ltd. (Chinese: 首钢集团有限公司), formerly known as Shougang Corporation, is a major state-owned enterprise based in Beijing, China. Founded in 1919, it is one of China's oldest and most prominent steel producers. Over the years, Shougang has diversified into mining, real estate, environmental services, and technology-related industries.
Rolands Šmits
Rolands Šmits (born June 25, 1995) is a Latvian professional basketball player for Anadolu Efes of the Turkish Basketbol Süper Ligi and the EuroLeague. At a height of 2.08 m (6 ft 10 in), and a weight of 107 kg (235 lbs), he primarily plays at the power forward position, but can also play as small ball center.

EuroCup Basketball Rising Star
The EuroCup Basketball Rising Star is an annual award of EuroCup Basketball, which is the secondary level European-wide professional club basketball league, that is given to the player that EuroCup Basketball deems its "top rising star". The EuroCup Basketball League is the European-wide professional basketball league that is one tier level below the top-tier EuroLeague. The award began in the EuroCup Basketball 2008–09 season.

Only players who were younger than age 22, on July 1 of the summer before the season started, are eligible for the award.
Handball Association of the DPR Korea
The Handball Association of the DPR Korea (HADPRK) is the administrative and controlling body for handball and beach handball in the North Korea. Founded in 1974, HADPRK is a member of Asian Handball Federation (AHF) and the International Handball Federation (IHF).

International Handball Federation
The International Handball Federation (IHF) is the administrative and controlling body for handball and beach handball. IHF is responsible for the organisation of handball's major international tournaments, notably the IHF World Men's Handball Championship, which commenced in 1938, and the IHF World Women's Handball Championship, which commenced in 1957.

IHF was founded in 1946 to oversee international competitions. Headquartered in Basel, its membership now comprises 209 national federations. Each member country must each also be a member of one of the six regional confederations: Africa, Asia, Europe, North America and Caribbean, Oceania, and South and Central America. Hassan Moustafa from Egypt has been President of the IHF since 26 November 2000.
Du fait de cuisine
The late medieval cookbook  Du fait de cuisine ("On cookery") was written in 1420 in part to compete with the court of Burgundy by Maistre Chiquart, master chef of Amadeus VIII, Duke of Savoy.

The book contained banquet, supper, and curative recipes prepared for the duke, including a dish composed of "a castle made of molded meat paste, adorned with five firebreathing roasted animals, innumerable smaller molded figures, and a fountain spraying rosewater and mulled wine."

A translation of the work from Middle French to English was published in 2010.

Amadeus VIII, Duke of Savoy
Amadeus VIII (4 September 1383 – 7 January 1451), nicknamed the Peaceful, was Count of Savoy from 1391 to 1416 and Duke of Savoy from 1416 to 1440. He was the first to hold the ducal title, granted by Emperor Sigismund. Known for his diplomatic temperament and administrative reforms, he strengthened the state's institutions and fostered internal peace.

He also claimed the papacy from 1439 to 1449 as Antipope Felix V, in opposition to Popes Eugene IV and Nicholas V, becoming the last historical antipope recognised by a significant portion of the Catholic clergy.
Ichirō Nagai
Ichirō Nagai (永井 一郎, Nagai Ichirō; May 10, 1931 – January 27, 2014) was a Japanese actor, voice actor and narrator from Ikeda, Osaka. He was previously affiliated with Tokyo Actor's Consumer's Cooperative Society, and was affiliated with Aoni Production at the time of his death.

Dragon Ball Z: Budokai Tenkaichi
Dragon Ball Z: Budokai Tenkaichi, released in Japan as Dragon Ball Z: Sparking! (ドラゴンボールZ Sparking!), is a series of fighting games developed by Spike based on the Dragon Ball franchise by Akira Toriyama. The series was published by Namco Bandai Games in Japan and Europe, and by Atari in North America and Australia until 2008. Since the third game, Bandai Namco has handled Dragon Ball game publishing in all regions, effectively ending Atari's involvement.

The original game was released in 2005 as a PlayStation 2 exclusive, while the second and third installments were released for PlayStation 2 and Wii in 2006 and 2007, respectively. A spin-off titled Tenkaichi Tag Team was released on PlayStation Portable in 2010. A new installment, Dragon Ball: Sparking! Zero, was announced in March 2023 and released in October 2024 for PlayStation 5, Windows and Xbox Series X/S.
Gmina Bądkowo
Gmina Bądkowo is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Aleksandrów County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Bądkowo, which lies approximately 18 kilometres (11 mi) south of Aleksandrów Kujawski and 37 km (23 mi) south of Toruń.

The gmina covers an area of 79.7 square kilometres (30.8 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 4,582.

Aleksandrów Kujawski
Aleksandrów Kujawski [alɛkˈsandruf kuˈjafskʲi] ⓘ (until 1879: Trojanów, 1879–1919: Aleksandrów Pograniczny) is a town in north-central Poland, in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship. It is the seat of Aleksandrów County, as well as of Gmina Aleksandrów Kujawski (although it is not part of the territory of that gmina). It is situated about 18 km (11 mi) south-east of Toruń. As of December 2022 Aleksandrów Kujawski has an area of 7.23 km2 (2.79 sq mi) and a population of 11,536.
America Goalball Championships
IBSA America Regional Goalball Championships (also called Pan-American championships) is one of the four competition regions used for World Championships and Paralympic Games qualification for goalball, a team sport for athletes with a vision impairment.  Conducted under the rules of the International Blind Sports Federation (IBSA), the other regions are Africa, Asia-Pacific, and Europe. The region includes the countries within South, Central, and North America.

United States men's national goalball team
United States men's national goalball team is the men's national team of the United States.  Goalball is a team sport designed specifically for athletes with a vision impairment.  The team takes part in international goalball competitions.
'Akilotoa
ʻAkilotoa (subtitled Anthology 1994–2006) is the first greatest hits album by Australian vocal duo, Vika and Linda. The album is a two-disc, 28-track collection spanning 12 years from 1994 to 2006 and includes songs from five studio albums Vika and Linda, Princess Tabu, Two Wings, Love Is Mighty Close and Between Two Shores as well as live albums Live and Acoustic and Tell the Angels, a re-recorded version of "Down by the Jetty" and "Never Let Me Go" by The Black Sorrows. The album debuted at number 1 on the ARIA Charts, earning the duo their first number one album. In doing so, they became the first Australian sister duo to top the ARIA Albums Chart.

Tell the Angels
Tell the Angels is the second live album by Australian vocal duo Vika & Linda Bull. The album was recorded at The Cornish Arms Hotel, (Melbourne) over twelve Sundays in June, July and August 2003  The album was released independently in May 2004.

Vika and Linda supported the release by touring Australia throughout May and June 2004 to sell out crowds.
Vika and Linda also performed on The Footy Show and supported Kasey Chambers on her 2004 national tour.
Tahuantina
Tahuantina is a monotypic genus of South American cribellate araneomorph spiders in the family Dictynidae containing the single species, Tahuantina zapfeae. It was first described by Pekka T. Lehtinen in 1967, and has only been found in Chile.

Dictynidae
Dictynidae is a family of cribellate, hackled band-producing spiders first described by Octavius Pickard-Cambridge in 1871. Most build irregular webs on or near the ground, creating a tangle of silken fibers among several branches or stems of one plant.

Several genera were transferred to the family Argyronetidae in 2025.
Chargaff's rules
Chargaff's rules (given by Erwin Chargaff) state that in the DNA of any species and any organism, the amount of guanine should be equal to the amount of cytosine and the amount of adenine should be equal to the amount of thymine. Further, a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio of purine and pyrimidine bases (i.e., A+G=T+C) should exist. This pattern is found in both strands of the DNA. They were discovered by Austrian-born chemist Erwin Chargaff in the late 1940s.

Genetic code
Genetic code is a set of rules used by living cells to translate information encoded within genetic material (DNA or RNA sequences of nucleotide triplets or codons) into proteins. Translation is accomplished by the ribosome, which links proteinogenic amino acids in an order specified by messenger RNA (mRNA), using transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules to carry amino acids and to read the mRNA three nucleotides at a time. The genetic code is highly similar among all organisms and can be expressed in a simple table with 64 entries.

The codons specify which amino acid will be added next during protein biosynthesis. With some exceptions, a three-nucleotide codon in a nucleic acid sequence specifies a single amino acid. The vast majority of genes are encoded with a single scheme (see the RNA codon table). That scheme is often called the canonical or standard genetic code, or simply the genetic code, though variant codes (such as in mitochondria) exist.
Tsing Yi Estate (constituency)
Tsing Yi Estate (Chinese: 青衣邨) is one of the 31 constituencies of the Kwai Tsing District Council in Hong Kong. The seat elects one member of the council every four years. It was first created in the 1994 elections. Its boundary is loosely based on part of Greenview Villa, Tsing Yi Estate and Tsing Yi Garden in Tsing Yi with estimated population of 15,419.

Public housing estates on Tsing Yi Island
The following is an overview of public housing estates on Tsing Yi, Hong Kong including Home Ownership Scheme (HOS), Private Sector Participation Scheme (PSPS), Flat-for-Sale Scheme (FFSS), Tenant Purchase Scheme (TPS) and Subsidised Sale Flats Project (SSFP) estates.
18-Norabietane
18-Norabietane is a diterpene perhydrogenated phenanthrene derivative. It occurs in the mineral fichtelite.  Like many "fossil compounds", it is saturated and devoid of oxygen-containing functional groups.  Its presence is usually analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry.

Diterpene
Diterpenes are a class of terpenes composed of four isoprene units, often with the molecular formula C20H32. They are biosynthesized by plants, animals and fungi via the HMG-CoA reductase pathway, with geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate being a primary intermediate. Diterpenes form the basis for biologically important compounds such as retinol, retinal, and phytol. Some diterpenes are antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory.
Busot
Busot (Valencian: [buˈzɔt], Spanish: [buˈsot]) is a municipality in the Comarques of the comarca of Alacantí in the Valencian Community, Spain.

The Moros i Cristians (Moors and Christians) festivals are held from Friday to Monday on the weekend after Easter weekend every year.

The Canelobre Cave near the village of Busot is one of the largest caves in Spain at just over 80,000 cubic meters in volume. It is also one of the most visited caves in the Valencian Community.
There are views from the cave looking down the valley toward the coastal town of El Campello. Access is from Busot. The caves, or cuevas, were used during the Spanish Civil War for building and repairing vital aircraft engines for a five-year period in the 1930s. The caves were opened to the public in 1965.

Alacantí
Alacantí (Valencian: [alakanˈti]; Spanish: [alakanˈti]), also known in Spanish as Campo de Alicante and Comarca de Alicante, is a comarca in the Valencian Community, Spain. It is bordered by the comarques of Marina Baixa and Alcoià to the north, Baix Vinalopó to the south and Vinalopó Mitjà to the west.
Jamgön Ju Mipham Gyatso
Jamgön Ju Mipham Gyatso, or Mipham Jamyang Namgyal Gyamtso  (1846–1912) (also known as "Mipham the Great") was a very influential philosopher and polymath of the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism. He wrote over 32 volumes on topics such as painting, poetics, sculpture, alchemy, medicine, logic, philosophy and tantra. Mipham's works are still central to the scholastic curriculum in Nyingma monasteries today. Mipham is also considered to be one of the leading figures in the Rimé (non-sectarian) movement in Tibet.

Sakya
The Sakya (Tibetan: ས་སྐྱ་, Wylie: sa skya, 'pale earth') school is one of four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism, the others being the Nyingma, Kagyu, and Gelug. It is one of the Red Hat Orders along with the Nyingma and Kagyu.
1954 Cork Junior Football Championship
The 1954 Cork Junior Football Championship was the 56th staging of the Cork Junior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1895.

The final was played on 28 November 1954 at Riverstown Sportsfield in Glanmire, between Glanworth and Delaney Rovers, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Glanworth won the match by 1–06 to 1–02 to claim their first ever championship title.

1895 Cork Junior Football Championship
The 1895 Cork Junior Hurling Championship was the inaugural staging of the Cork Junior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board.

The final was played on 13 October 1895 at the Town Park in Mallow, between William O'Briens and Dromtarriffe. William O'Briens won the match by 0–04 to 0–01 to claim their first ever championship title in the grade.