hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cross-country skiing at the 1960 Winter Olympics – Women's 10 kilometre
The 10 kilometre cross-country skiing event was part of the cross-country skiing programme at the 1960 Winter Olympics, in Squaw Valley, California, United States. It was the third appearance of the event. The competition was held on Saturday, February 20, 1960, at the McKinney Creek Stadium.

It was a Soviet Union clean sweep of the medals with Maria Gusakova winning gold and defending champion Lyubov Kozyreva taking silver. In fact the Soviets also took fourth place through Alevtina Kolchina.

Two days later, Gusakova's husband, Nikolay Gusakov won bronze in the Nordic Combined.

Nikolay Gusakov
Nikolay Nikolayevich Gusakov (Russian: Никола́й Гусако́в; May 14, 1934 – December 14, 1991) was a former Soviet nordic combined skier who won a bronze in the individual event at the 1960 Winter Olympics in Squaw Valley.
He also won the Nordic combined event at the Holmenkollen ski festival in 1961.

Gusakov trained at the Armed Forces sports society in Moscow and later in Leningrad. He was the first Soviet athlete to win an Olympic medal in the Nordic combined and the first one to win the Nordic combined event at the Holmenkollen ski festival.
La Junta station
La Junta station is a train station in La Junta, Colorado served by Amtrak. Amtrak's Southwest Chief trains 3 & 4 stop here for 10–15 minutes. Westbound trains are scheduled to arrive at 8:15 AM and depart at 8:30 AM, while the eastbound trains arrive at 7:30 PM and depart at 7:41 PM (all times Mountain Time Zone). There are no facilities at the station itself beyond a toilet and beverage vending machine. La Junta was a major point along the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway, as a branch line to Pueblo and Denver started from here.

La Junta station was originally built in 1955 as a replacement for the former Harvey House. The freight house, which was part of the previous station was spared from being demolished and now serves as a Purina feed mill.

Fred Harvey Company
The Fred Harvey Company was the owner of the Harvey House chain of restaurants, hotels and other hospitality industry businesses alongside railroads in the Western United States. It was founded in 1876 by Fred Harvey to cater to the growing number of train passengers.

When Harvey died in 1901, his family inherited 45 restaurants and 20 dining cars in 12 states. During World War II, Harvey Houses opened again to serve soldiers as they traveled in troop trains across the U.S. By 1968, when it was sold to Amfac, Inc. (now Xanterra Parks and Resorts, as of 2002), the Fred Harvey Company was the sixth largest food retailer in the United States. It left behind a lasting legacy of good food, dedication to customers, decent treatment of employees, and preservation of local traditions.
St. Aloysius on the Ohio
Saint Aloysius on the Ohio (locally known as St. Al's) is a Roman Catholic parish in the Sayler Park neighborhood of Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. The parish is part of the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. It is named after St. Aloysius Gonzaga and located near the Ohio River.

Archdiocese of Cincinnati
The Archdiocese of Cincinnati (Latin: Archidiœcesis Cincinnatensis) is an archdiocese of the Catholic Church in the State of Ohio. The archbishop is Robert Casey. The mother church is the Cathedral Basilica of St. Peter in Chains in Cincinnati.
Yevpatoria RT-70 radio telescope
The Yevpatoria RT-70 radio telescope (P-2500, RT-70) is an RT-70 radio telescope and planetary radar at the Center for Deep Space Communications, Yevpatoria, Crimea. In scientific literature, it is often called the Evpatoria Planetary Radar (EPR).

Active SETI
Active SETI (Active Search for Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence) are attempts to send messages to intelligent extraterrestrial life. Active SETI messages are predominantly sent in the form of radio signals. Physical messages like that of the Pioneer plaque may also be considered an active SETI message. Active SETI is also known as METI (Messaging to Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence). Whether humans should engage in Active SETI is controversial due to concerns about potential impacts of extraterrestrial contact, sparking a vigorous policy debate.
Sadr al-Din bin Saleh
Grand Ayatollah Sadr al-Din bin Saleh (Arabic: صدر الدين ابن صالح) (1779–1848) was a Lebanese Twelver Shi'a religious scholar belonging to  Sharefeddine and Noureddine families of Lebanese Shia Society.

Ayatollah
Ayatollah (UK: /ˌaɪəˈtɒlə/, also US: /ˌaɪəˈtoʊlə/; Arabic: آية الله, romanized: ʾāyatu llāh; Persian: آیت‌الله, romanized: âyatollâh [ɒːjjætˌolˈlɒːh]) is a title for high-ranking Twelver Shia clergy. It came into widespread usage in the 20th century.

Originally used as a title bestowed by popular/clerical acclaim for a small number of the most distinguished  marja' at-taqlid mujtahid, it suffered from "inflation"  following the 1979 Iranian Revolution when it came to be used for "any established mujtahid". By 2015, it was further expanded to include any student who had passed their Mujtahid final exam, leading to "thousands" of Ayatollahs.

The title is not used by the Sunni community of Iran, due to their belief that Muhammad did not appoint a successor.

In the Western world – especially after the Iranian Revolution – it was associated with Ruhollah Khomeini, who was so well known as to often be referred to as "The Ayatollah".
Gary Murdock
Gary Murdock (born 6 January 1968) is a former Scotland international rugby league footballer, and coach. He played at club level for Carlisle, Swinton, Whitehaven and Workington Town, and coached at club level for Workington Town, and the Cockermouth Titans.

Whitehaven R.L.F.C.
Whitehaven R.L.F.C. is a professional rugby league club, from Whitehaven, Cumbria. They currently play in League One following relegation from the Championship in 2024. They currently play their games at the Recreation Ground (known locally as the Recre).

Their nicknames are 'Haven' or the 'Marras' (a local dialect word for 'mates'). Their mascot is a lion called "Pride". Between 1997 and 2003 they were known as Whitehaven Warriors.

Their local rivals are Workington Town.
Venezia Santa Lucia railway station
Venezia Santa Lucia (Italian: Stazione di Venezia Santa Lucia) (IATA: XVQ) is the central station of Venice in the north-east of Italy. It is a terminus and located at the northern edge of Venice's historic city (Italian: Centro storico).
The station is one of Venice's two most important railway stations; the other one is Venezia Mestre, a mainline junction station on Venice's mainland district of Mestre. Both Santa-Lucia and Mestre stations are managed by Grandi Stazioni and they are connected to each other by Ponte della Libertà (English: Liberty Bridge).

Grandi Stazioni
Grandi Stazioni S.p.A. (English: Great Stations) is a member company of Italy's Ferrovie dello Stato (English: State Railways) group. It was created to rehabilitate and manage, even commercially, the 13 biggest Italian railway stations.
Williamston Martins
The Williamston Martins were a minor league baseball team based in Williamston, North Carolina. From 1937 to 1941, the Martins played as exclusively as members of the Coastal Plain League, winning the 1939 league championship. Williamston hosted home minor league games at Taylor Field.

Williamston, North Carolina
Williamston is a town in and the county seat of Martin County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 5,248 at the 2020 census. It is located in North Carolina's Inner Banks region. The closest major city is Greenville, approximately 28 miles (45 km) to the southwest.
Manitoba Real Estate Association
The Manitoba Real Estate Association (MREA) a trade association that represents real estate brokers, agents, and salespeople in Manitoba, Canada.
Its membership includes more than 2100 individuals (as of 2021), who work through one of Manitoba's four real estate boards:

Winnipeg Real Estate Board (WRREB) — in and around the Winnipeg Metro Region; founded in 1903, making it one of the longest-running real estate boards in Canada

Brandon Area REALTORS (formerly Brandon Real Estate Board) — in and around the Brandon area

Portage la Prairie Real Estate Board — in Portage la Prairie

Thompson Real Estate Board — in Thompson

Winnipeg Metropolitan Region
The Winnipeg Metropolitan Region (formerly called the Winnipeg Capital Region and the Manitoba Capital Region) is a metropolitan area in the Canadian province of Manitoba located in the Red River Valley in the southeast portion of the province of Manitoba, Canada. It contains the provincial capital of Winnipeg and 17 surrounding rural municipalities, cities, and towns.

Other places in the region besides Winnipeg with a population over 1,000 are the city of Selkirk; towns of Stonewall and Niverville; and communities of Oakbank, Oak Bluff, Stony Mountain, Teulon, and Lorette. As the most densely-populated and economically-important area of Manitoba, the region accounts for two-thirds of the province's population and 70% of the provincial GDP as of 2021.

It also includes the smaller census metropolitan area (CMA) of Winnipeg, with the addition of the Brokenhead 4 Indian Reserve.
Judy Peiser
Judy Peiser (born June 4, 1945) is a filmmaker as well as co-founder and executive director of the Center for Southern Folklore in Memphis, Tennessee, United States. She graduated with a bachelor of arts degree from the University of Illinois and a master's degree from the University of Memphis.

Peiser founded the Center for Southern Folklore in 1972 along with William Ferris.

Peiser has produced and edited documentary films including Fannie Bell Chapman: Gospel Singer, Gravel Springs Fife and Drum, and Ray Lum: Mule Trader, available on the Folkstreams project's website. In interviews she has cited a desire to meet and understand different people as one of the main motivators for her work.

She is heavily involved in the Memphis Jewish community and often speaks of her faith.

She was a member of the board of directors of the North American Folk Alliance.

Folk Alliance International
Folk Alliance International (previously the North American Folk Music and Dance Alliance) is a non-profit organization that produces an annual conference that is the world's largest gathering of the folk music industry and community. Founded in 1989, FAI is an advocacy, professional development and networking organization, and is one of the five largest music conferences in North America. As of 2016, FAI has a membership of approximately 3,000, and a budget of US$1,000,000.

Members include record companies, publishers, presenters, agents, managers, music support services, manufacturers and artists that work in the folk music industry.

Jennifer Roe is the current executive director, who was appointed to the role in April 2024.  FAI currently has 7 full-time staff members, and 8 contract staff members who work for the organization from various international locations.
2018 Western Balkans Summit, London
The 2018 Western Balkans Summit in London, United Kingdom, was the fifth annual summit within the Berlin Process initiative for European integration of Western Balkans states. The summit took place on 9–10 July. Previous summits took place in Berlin in 2014,  Vienna in 2015, Paris in 2016 and Trieste in 2017.  Heads of government, foreign ministers and the ministers of economy of Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, as well as EU member states from the region Croatia, Slovenia and EU member states such as the United Kingdom, Austria, France, Germany, Italy as well as representatives of the European Union and the International Financial Institutions attended the summit.

By hosting the summit in London, the United Kingdom demonstrated its continued interest and involvement in the stability of the region beyond its imminent exit from the EU.

International financial institutions
An international financial institution (IFI) is a financial institution that has been established (or chartered) by more than one country, and hence is subject to international law. Its owners or shareholders are generally national governments, although other international institutions and other organizations occasionally figure as shareholders. The most prominent IFIs are creations of multiple nations, although some bilateral financial institutions (created by two countries) exist and are technically IFIs. The best known IFIs were established after World War II to assist in the reconstruction of Europe and provide mechanisms for international cooperation in managing the global financial system.
FILAT
The FILAT (Forward-Looking Infrared and Laser Attack Targeting) pod is an airborne targeting pod designed to provide aircraft with all weather/night attack capabilities. It was first revealed to the public at 1998 Zhuhai Air Show, and it is designed by the 613 Institute of AVIC.

Paveway
Paveway is a series of laser-guided bombs (LGBs).

Pave or PAVE is sometimes used as an acronym for precision avionics vectoring equipment; literally, electronics for controlling the speed and direction of aircraft. Laser guidance is a form of Pave.

Pave, paired with other words, is the first name for various laser systems that designate targets for LGBs, for example Pave Penny, Pave Spike, Pave Tack and Pave Knife, and for specialized military aircraft, such as AC-130U Pave Spectre, MH-53 Pave Low, and HH-60 Pave Hawk.
Paronychia argyrocoma
Paronychia argyrocoma, the silvery nailwort or silverling, is a plant species native to the eastern United States. It has a disjunct distribution, found in New England (Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont and Massachusetts) and the Appalachian Mountains of the Southeast (Georgia, Tennessee, Kentucky, North Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia and Maryland) but not from New York, New Jersey or Pennsylvania in between. The species grows on rocky sites at elevations of 200–1800 m.

Paronychia argyrocoma is a perennial herb with a woody caudex, forming mats covering significant areas of ground. Stems are prostrate to ascending, highly branched, up to 60 cm long. Leaves are leathery, lanceolate, up to 3 cm long. Flowers are borne in glomerules (clumps) of up to 25 flowers, each greenish-brown and covered with long silky hairs and spines on the calyx lobes.

Thorns, spines, and prickles
In plant morphology, thorns, spines, and prickles, and in general spinose structures (sometimes called spinose teeth or spinose apical processes), are hard, rigid extensions or modifications of leaves, roots, stems, or buds with sharp, stiff ends, and generally serve the same function: physically defending plants against herbivory.
Herman Finer
Herman Finer (February 24, 1898 – March 4, 1969) was a Jewish Romanian-born British political scientist and Fabian socialist.

Finer was born in Hertsa, Romania, to Max Finer and Fanny Weiner. He taught for many years at the University of Chicago. He was the eldest brother of Samuel Finer and the uncle of Pogues instrumentalist and composer Jem Finer.

He died from a heart attack in Chicago.

Fabian Society
The Fabian Society (/ˈfeɪbiən/) is a British socialist organisation whose purpose is to advance the principles of social democracy and democratic socialism via gradualist and reformist effort in democracies, rather than by revolutionary overthrow. It is related to radicalism, a left-wing liberal tradition.

As one of the founding organisations of the Labour Representation Committee in 1900, and as an important influence upon the Labour Party which grew from it, the Fabian Society has strongly influenced British politics. Members of the Fabian Society have included political leaders from other countries, such as Jawaharlal Nehru and Lee Kuan Yew, who adopted Fabian principles as part of their own political ideologies. The Fabian Society founded the London School of Economics in 1895.

Today, the society functions primarily as a think tank and is one of twenty socialist societies affiliated with the Labour Party. Similar societies exist in Australia, Canada, New Zealand and Italy.
Carnival Dream
Carnival Dream is a cruise ship operated by Carnival Cruise Line. She is the lead ship of her namesake class, which includes Carnival Magic, Carnival Breeze, and Costa Diadema. Built by Fincantieri at its Monfalcone shipyard in Friuli-Venezia Giulia, northern Italy, she was floated out on October 24, 2008, and christened by Marcia Gay Harden.

At 128,250 GT, Carnival Dream was once the largest Carnival Cruise Ship. It lost this title to the Carnival Magic, when she was introduced in 2011.

Gross tonnage
Gross tonnage (GT, G.T. or gt) is a nonlinear measure of a ship's overall internal volume.  Gross tonnage is different from gross register tonnage.  Neither gross tonnage nor gross register tonnage should be confused with measures of mass or weight such as deadweight tonnage or displacement.

Gross tonnage, along with net tonnage, was defined by the International Convention on Tonnage Measurement of Ships, 1969, adopted by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) in 1969, and came into force on 18 July 1982.  These two measurements replaced gross register tonnage (GRT) and net register tonnage (NRT).  Gross tonnage is calculated based on "the moulded volume of all enclosed spaces of the ship" and is used to determine things such as a ship's manning regulations, safety rules, registration fees, and port dues, whereas the older gross register tonnage is a measure of the volume of only certain enclosed spaces.
Turku Science Fiction Society
Turku Science Fiction Society (Finnish: Turun Science Fiction Seura ry),  or TSFS, is the oldest science fiction society in Finland. It was founded in 1976. The society publishes its own semiprozine, called Spin, also the oldest in Finland. It maintains a club room at the University of Turku with several related societies.

the TSFS has been the main organiser of Finncon three times, in 1999, 2003  and 2011. The 2003 event was also Eurocon and Baltcon.

Since 1983, the TSFS awards the annual Atorox Award for the best Finnish science fiction short story.

University of Turku
The University of Turku (Finnish: Turun yliopisto, shortened UTU) is a multidisciplinary public university with eight faculties located in the city of Turku in southwestern Finland. The university also has campuses in Rauma and Pori and research stations in Kevo and Själö.

Established in 1920, the university is the third largest in the country as measured by student enrollment, after the University of Helsinki and Tampere University. It is a member of the Coimbra Group and the European Campus of City-Universities (EC2U).
Desmond Lee (Hong Kong politician)
Desmond Lee Yu-tai (born 25 October 1944) is a retired Hong Kong politician, a member of Eastern District Council for most of a 30-year period and a former member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong.

Lee was born in Guangzhou. He was first elected to the Eastern District Board in 1985. In the same year when the indirect election for the Legislative Council was first introduced, he was elected to the council through the East Island electoral college consisting of members of the Eastern and Wan Chai District Board. He ran for re-election in 1988 but was defeated by Chan Ying-lun.

He joined the United Democrats of Hong Kong, the first major pro-democratic party in 1990 but quit in 1991.

He represented the Tanner constituency in the Eastern District until standing down in 2015.

United Democrats of Hong Kong
The United Democrats of Hong Kong (Chinese: 香港民主同盟, 港同盟; UDHK) was the first political party in Hong Kong. Founded in 1990, the short-lived party was the united front of the liberal democracy forces in preparation of the 1991 first ever direct election for the Legislative Council of Hong Kong. The party won a landslide victory by sweeping 12 of the 18 directly elected seats in the election which shook the political landscape of Hong Kong. In 1994 it was merged with another pro-democracy party Meeting Point to form the contemporary Democratic Party.
2009 East Asian Games
The 2009 East Asian Games, officially known as the V East Asian Games, was an international multi-sport event that hosted by Hong Kong, between 5 December and 13 December 2009. A total of 2,377 athletes from 9 East Asian national competed in 262 events in 22 sports. It was the biggest sporting event ever held in the territory.

Hong Kong Cultural Centre
The Hong Kong Cultural Centre (HKCC, Chinese: 香港文化中心) is a public multipurpose performance facility in Tsim Sha Tsui, Hong Kong. Located at Salisbury Road, it was built by the former Urban Council and, since 2000, has been administered by the Leisure and Cultural Services Department of the Hong Kong Government. A wide variety of cultural performances are held here.
Wild Pigeon (film)
Wild Pigeon (Russian: Чужая белая и рябой, romanized: Chuzhaya Belaya i Ryaboi, also known as Someone Else's White and the Speckled and The Stray White And The Speckled) is a 1986 Soviet drama film written and directed by Sergei Solovyov. It was entered into the main competition at the 43rd Venice International Film Festival, in which it won the Special Jury Prize. The film was selected as the Soviet entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 59th Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee.

Special Jury Prize (Venice Film Festival)
The Special Jury Prize is an official award given at the Venice Film Festival to one of the feature films in competition slate since 2013. It is considered the third most prestigious prize at the festival, the runner-up to both the main award Golden Lion and the second place award Grand Jury Prize.

Philip Gröning was the first winner for The Police Officer's Wife in 2013.
Wilfred I. Smith
Wilfred I. "Wilf" Smith (May 20, 1919 – July 28, 1998) was a Canadian public servant and Dominion Archivist from 1970 to 1984.

Born in Port La Tour, Nova Scotia, Smith received a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1943 and a Master of Arts degree in 1946 from Acadia University. He received a Ph.D. from the University of Minnesota.

Smith joined the Public Archives of Canada in Ottawa in 1950. He was chief of the Manuscript Division (1963–1964), director of the Historical Branch (1964–1965), Assistant Dominion Archivist (1965–1968) and Acting Dominion Archivist (1968–1970). From 1970 to 1984, he was Dominion Archivist.

He was President of the Society of American Archivists from 1972 to 1973.

Acadia University
Acadia University is a public, predominantly undergraduate university located in Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada, with some graduate programs at the master's level and one at the doctoral level. The enabling legislation consists of the Acadia University Act and the Amended Acadia University Act 2000.

The Wolfville Campus houses Acadia University Archives and the Acadia University Art Gallery. Acadia offers over 200 degree combinations in the faculties of arts, pure and applied science, professional studies, and theology. The student-faculty ratio is 15:1 and the average class size is 28. Open Acadia offers correspondence and distance education courses. Acadia does have Botanical Gardens known as the Harriet Irving Gardens. These gardens feature plants and trees native to the Acadian forest region.