hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kappa calculus
In mathematical logic, category theory, and
computer science, kappa calculus is a
formal system for defining first-order
functions.

Unlike lambda calculus, kappa calculus has no
higher-order functions; its functions are
not first class objects.  Kappa-calculus can be
regarded as "a reformulation of the first-order fragment of typed
lambda calculus".

Because its functions are not first-class objects, evaluation of kappa
calculus expressions does not require
closures.

First-class citizen
In a given programming language design, a first-class object is an entity which supports all the operations generally available to other entities.  These operations typically include being passed as an argument, returned from a function, and assigned to a variable.
Consumer Watchdog
Consumer Watchdog (formerly the Foundation for Taxpayer and Consumer Rights) is a US non-profit, progressive organization which advocates for taxpayer and consumer interests, with a focus on insurance, health care, political reform, privacy and energy.

The organization was founded in 1985 by California Proposition 103 author Harvey Rosenfield and is headquartered in Santa Monica, California. Its chief officers include President Jamie Court and Executive Director Carmen Balber.

2005 California special election
Special elections were held in California on November 8, 2005, after being called by Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger on June 13, 2005.

The California special election of 2005 was held on November 8, 2005, after being called by Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger on June 13, 2005.  California voters rejected all eight ballot propositions.  Propositions 73, 76, and 77 were initiative constitutional amendments while the others were initiative statutes.  The election was believed to have been the most expensive in California history. Lobby groups spent hundreds of millions of dollars on gathering signatures and advertising for this election.
Hate Story 2
Hate Story 2 is a 2014 Indian Hindi-language erotic thriller film directed by Vishal Pandya. Produced by T-Series Films, it stars Sushant Singh, Surveen Chawla and Jay Bhanushali in pivotal roles. It is the sequel to the 2012 sleeper hit Hate Story. The film released on 18 July 2014. It is the second installment of the Hate Story film series. It was a critical and commercial success at the box office.

Sleeper hit
In the entertainment industry, a sleeper hit is a film, television series, music release, video game or other entertainment product that was initially unsuccessful on release, but eventually became a surprise success. A sleeper hit may have had little to no promotion or lack a successful launch, but gradually develops a fandom and spreads via word of mouth, media coverage, or unexpected internet virality. As Variety puts it, "A 'sleeper hit' can be defined as the kind of show that catches us by surprise—programs whose popularity grows over time and can ultimately outshine the preordained hits."

A sleeper hit often lacks star performers or high production values, but prevails, at times against its makers' expectations, on the strength of such qualities as narrative, approach, or novelty, as well as market accidents. Sleeper hit films benefit theater owners because they keep a larger percentage of the money from ticket sales.
Constitutional law of the United States
The constitutional law of the United States is the body of law governing the interpretation and implementation of the United States Constitution. The subject concerns the scope of power of the United States federal government compared to the individual states and the fundamental rights of individuals. The ultimate authority upon the interpretation of the Constitution and the constitutionality of statutes, state and federal, lies with the Supreme Court of the United States.

Printz v. United States
Printz v. United States, 521 U.S. 898 (1997), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the court held that certain interim provisions of the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act violated the Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.
Ken Pavia
Ken Pavia is a former sports agent, founder of the Huntington Beach, California based sports agency MMAagents and the former CEO of India’s first MMA Promotion Super Fight League.  From 2005 to September 2011 Pavia represented a client roster of 75 professional mixed martial artists at MMAagents, most of whom competed in top tier mixed martial arts promotions such as the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), World Extreme Cagefighting (WEC), Pride Fighting Championships, Strikeforce, DREAM, and Bellator Fighting Championship.

In September 2011, Pavia announced that he had sold the majority of the assets in his company, MMAagents, to Paradigm Sports Management but he would be staying on as a consultant during the transition.  In an interview with MMAJunkie regarding the sale of MMAagents Pavia was quoted as saying: 'It was a move that was good for everybody involved, so we took the jump.'

World Extreme Cagefighting
World Extreme Cagefighting (WEC) was an American mixed martial arts (MMA) promotion founded in 2001. It was purchased by Zuffa, LLC, the parent company of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), in 2006.  In its final incarnation, it was made up of 3 weight classes: 135 lb (61 kg), 145 lb (66 kg) and 155 lb (70 kg). To accommodate the smaller fighters, WEC's cage was 25 feet (7.6 m) in diameter—5 feet (1.5 m) smaller than the standard UFC cage.  The smaller cage is now used by UFC for selected events.
Tambling (surname)
Tambling is an English surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bobby Tambling (born 1941), English footballer

Charles Tambling (1871–1958), American college football, college basketball, and college baseball coach

Christopher Tambling (1964–2015), British composer, organist, and choirmaster

Grant Tambling (1943–2025), Australian politician

Jeremy Tambling (born 1948), British writer and critic

Lola Tambling (born 2008), British skateboarder

Richard Tambling (born 1986), Australian rules footballer

Christopher Tambling
Christopher Tambling (13 May 1964 – 3 October 2015) was a British composer, organist and choirmaster. From 1997 to 2015 he was Director of Music at Downside School and organist and Choirmaster of the Schola Cantorum at Downside Abbey, leading the choir to international success.
Windom, Minneapolis
The Windom neighborhood is located in the Southwest community of Minneapolis.  Its borders are Diamond Lake Road and West 54th Street to the north, Interstate 35W to the east, West 62nd Street (Highway 62) to the south, and Lyndale Avenue South and Highway 121 to the west. Windom is a part of ward 11 of the Minneapolis City Council and state legislative district 63B.

On August 27, 2025, Windom was the site of a mass shooting targeting the Annunciation Catholic Church. Two schoolchildren were killed and there were multiple injuries. The FBI is investigating the shooting as an anti-Catholic hate crime and as an act of domestic terrorism.

44°53′41″N 93°16′51″W﻿ / ﻿44.8946°N 93.2809°W﻿ / 44.8946; -93.2809

Minnesota State Highway 62 (Hennepin–Dakota counties)
Minnesota State Highway 62 (MN 62) is a highway in the Twin Cities region of Minnesota. The route was part of County Road 62 (CR 62) until 1988, when a portion of the route was inherited by the state. The western terminus of the highway is at Interstate 494 (I-494) in Eden Prairie, where the roadway continues west as CR 62 to CR 101. The eastern terminus of the route is at the junction with I-494 in Inver Grove Heights. Locally, the original portion of the route in Hennepin County is known as "the Crosstown Highway" or simply "the Crosstown," though signage with this name does not appear on the highway itself, but only on local streets adjacent to the road. It is also used as an alternate name, even by the Minnesota Department of Transportation (MnDOT). The route is 18.6 miles (29.9 km) in length.
Glycogen phosphorylase isoenzyme BB
Glycogen phosphorylase isoenzyme BB (abbreviation: GPBB) is an isoenzyme of glycogen phosphorylase. This isoform of the enzyme exists in cardiac (heart) and brain tissue.

The enzyme is one of the "new cardiac markers" which are discussed to improve early diagnosis in acute coronary syndrome. A rapid rise in blood levels can be seen in myocardial infarction and unstable angina.

Other enzymes related to glycogen phosphorylase are abbreviated as GPLL (liver) and GPMM (muscle).

Unstable angina
Unstable angina is a type of angina pectoris that is irregular or more easily provoked. It is classified as a type of acute coronary syndrome.

It can be difficult to distinguish unstable angina from non-ST elevation (non-Q wave) myocardial infarction. They differ primarily in whether the ischemia is severe enough to cause sufficient damage to the heart's muscular cells to release detectable quantities of a marker of injury, typically troponin T or troponin I. Unstable angina is considered to be present in patients with ischemic symptoms suggestive of an acute coronary syndrome and no change in troponin levels, with or without changes indicative of ischemia (e.g., ST segment depression or transient elevation or new T wave inversion) on electrocardiograms.
Paolo Limiti
Paolo Mario Limiti (8 May 1940 – 27 June 2017) was an Italian lyricist, journalist, radio and television writer and presenter.

Born in Milan, Limiti begin his career as a journalist, then in 1960 he started a long collaboration with Mike Bongiorno  as author of his radio and television programs.

Active from the mid-1960s as a lyricist, his first hit was Dionne Warwick's "Silent Voices", and he then wrote songs for Mina, Claudia Mori, Mia Martini, Ornella Vanoni, Peppino di Capri, Iva Zanicchi, and Albano Carrisi, among others.

He was a successful television presenter, who mainly hosted nostalgic shows about vintage music and about the history of entertainment. He received the America Award of the Italy-USA Foundation in 2014.

Peppino di Capri
Giuseppe Faiella (born 27 July 1939), professionally known as Peppino di Capri ("Jack from Capri"), is an Italian popular music singer, songwriter and pianist, successful in Italy and Europe. His international hits include "St. Tropez Twist", "Daniela", "Torna piccina", "Roberta", "Melancolie", "Freva", "L'ultimo romantico", "Un grande amore e niente più", "Non lo faccio più", "Nun è peccato", and "Champagne".
Ruth Charney
Ruth Michele Charney (born 1950) is an American mathematician known for her work in geometric group theory and Artin groups. Other areas of research include K-theory and algebraic topology. She holds the Theodore and Evelyn G. Berenson Chair in Mathematics at Brandeis University. She was in the first group of mathematicians named Fellows of the American Mathematical Society. She was in the first group of mathematicians named Fellows of the Association for Women in Mathematics. She served as president of the Association for Women in Mathematics during 2013–2015, and served as president of the American Mathematical Society for the 2021–2023 term.

Algebraic topology
Algebraic topology is a branch of mathematics that uses tools from abstract algebra to study topological spaces. The basic goal is to find algebraic invariants that classify topological spaces up to homeomorphism, though usually most classify up to homotopy equivalence.

Although algebraic topology primarily uses algebra to study topological problems, using topology to solve algebraic problems is sometimes also possible. Algebraic topology, for example, allows for a convenient proof that any subgroup of a free group is again a free group.
Green Canyon
Green Canyon is an area in the Gulf of Mexico that is rich in oil fields and under the jurisdiction of the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management. Among other oil fields Green Canyon consist of Atlantis (blocks 699, 700, 742, 743, and 744) operated by BP, Marco Polo (block 608) and K2 (blocks 518 and 562) operated by Anadarko Petroleum, Manatee (block 155) operated by Shell, Shenzi (blocks 609, 610, 653, and 654) operated by BHP, Droshky (block 244) operated by ConocoPhillips, and Tahiti (blocks 596, 597, 640 and 641) operated by Chevron.

Block 185 of Green Canyon is known as Bush Hill and is a well known cold seep with a wide array of tube worms. This area was the first place in the Gulf of Mexico where gas hydrates were recovered in piston cores.

Additionally, like most of the Gulf of Mexico, there is a significant amount of salt tectonics.

Blocks in this protraction area are defined in  UTM zone 15 north in feet.

Salt tectonics
Salt tectonics, or halokinesis, or halotectonics, is concerned with the geometries and processes associated with the presence of significant thicknesses of evaporites containing rock salt within a stratigraphic sequence of rocks. This is due both to the low density of salt, which does not increase with burial, and its low strength.

Salt structures (excluding undeformed layers of salt) have been found in more than 120 sedimentary basins around the world.
ATE Vulture
The ATE Vulture is a South African unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) designed and built by Advanced Technologies and Engineering (now Paramount Advanced Technologies, a division of the Paramount Group). It is powered by a 500 cc 2-stroke fuel injected engine.  Its payload is a gyro stabilised optronic sight communicating on a secure C-Band data/video link. Its cruise speed is 120 km/h and its flight duration allows a loiter time of about 4 hours at 60 km from the launch site with a maximum ceiling of 5,000 m. It is fully automated in launch, flight and recovery, with an automatic return-to-base in case of mission critical failures. An automated vacuum type catapult launcher is mounted on a Samil 100 truck. No external pilot is required, and the transition from launch mode into pre-programmed flight mode is automatic. It is used by the South African Army artillery for target acquisition and fire control.

SAMIL Trucks
SAMIL Trucks (South African MILitary) are the standard logistical transport vehicles of the South African National Defence Force (and its predecessor the South African Defence Force). SAMILs are currently re-manufactured by Truck-Makers in Rosslyn, Pretoria, Drakensberg Truck Manufacturers in Wallmansthal, N1 Trucks in Wallmansthal and Transvaal Motors in Boksburg. The civilian versions of these trucks are called SAMAG (South African MAGirus). Original production of these vehicles ended in 1998.

These trucks all have a high-strength chassis, making them capable of handling severe off-road conditions, and are thus an ideal vehicle for the South African Army.

In recent years, reconditioned and remanufactured military surplus SAMIL trucks have also been made available to the private sector and vehicles have been sold to mining groups, exploration companies, contractors, farmers and many other organisations in fields such as tourism and forestry.
Mark Foy (businessman)
Mark Foy (15 February 1865 – 15 November 1950) was an Australian retail businessman and entrepreneur who established the department store  Mark Foy's in Sydney.  He also opened the Hydro Majestic Hotel in the Blue Mountains, a hydropathic resort with Swiss doctors and spa water from Baden in Germany. In addition he was a keen sportsman with interests in rifle shooting, boxing, sailing and motor racing.

Baden
Baden (/ˈbɑːdən/; German: [ˈbaːdn̩]) is a historical territory in southern Germany. In earlier times it was considered to be on both sides of the Upper Rhine, but since the Napoleonic Wars, it has been considered only East of the Rhine.
Nguyễn Hòa Bình
Nguyễn Hòa Bình (born 24 May 1958) is a Vietnamese politician and former police officer. He has been serving as the Permanent Deputy Prime Minister of Vietnam of the Phạm Minh Chính's cabinet since August 2024. Previously, he held the rank of Major General in the People's Public Security Forces and served as the Chief Justice of the Supreme People's Court from 2014 to 2016. He is currently also a member of the National Assembly delegation from Bắc Giang (2021–2026).

In the Communist Party of Vietnam, Bình serves as a member of the 13th Politburo, the Central Secretariat and the Central Steering Committee on Anti-corruption.

Supreme People's Court of Vietnam
The Supreme People's Court of Vietnam (Vietnamese: Tòa án nhân dân tối cao) is the supreme judicial organ of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. The Supreme People's Court is one of the two institutions at the apex of the judicial system of Vietnam, with the other body being the Supreme People's Procuracy of Vietnam. Both are accountable to the President of Vietnam, the highest institution of government power in the country. The head of the Supreme People's Court of Vietnam is the Chief Justice. The current Chief Justice of Vietnam is Nguyen Văn Quảng.
Anne Ditchburn
Anne Ditchburn (born October 4, 1949) is a Canadian ballet dancer, choreographer, and film actress headlining films like 1979's Slow Dancing in the Big City as a dancer with a crippling disease, a film directed by Rocky director John G. Avildsen and co-starring Paul Sorvino . She also played the doomed ballet dancer Laurian Summers in the 1983 cult horror film Curtains with John Vernon and Samantha Eggar. She danced in nearly all of her film credits, and earned a Golden Globe nomination for her work in Slow Dancing in the Big City. In her time with the National she choreographed some of its most distinguished pieces of the 1970s, including Mad Shadows and Kisses, while also heading side company Ballet Revue.

John G. Avildsen
John Guilbert Avildsen (December 21, 1935 – June 16, 2017) was an American film director. He is best known for directing Rocky (1976), which earned him the Academy Award for Best Director. He is also known for directing the first three films in The Karate Kid franchise (1984–1989). Other films he directed include Joe (1970), Save the Tiger (1973), The Formula (1980), Neighbors (1981), Lean on Me (1989), Rocky V (1990), 8 Seconds (1994), and Inferno (1999).
Raita Plot
Rayta Plot (Urdu: ریتہ پلاٹ) is a neighbourhood in the Korangi District in eastern Karachi, Pakistan. It was previously part of Shah Faisal Town, which was an administrative unit that was disbanded in 2011.

There are several ethnic groups in Raita Plot including Muhajirs, Sindhis, Kashmiris, Seraikis, Pakhtuns, Balochis, Memons, Bohras,  Ismailis, etc. Over 99% of the population is Muslim. The population of Shah Faisal Town is estimated to be nearly one million.

Kashmiris
Kashmiri people (Kashmiri pronunciation: [kəːʃirʲ]) are an Indo-Aryan ethnolinguistic group speaking the Kashmiri language and originating from the Kashmir Valley region, which is located in Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir.
Fox Odoi-Oywelowo
Fox Odoi-Oywelowo is a Ugandan advocate and legislator. Odoi-Oywelowo is a former senior legal counsel to the president of Uganda Yoweri Museveni.

On 14 January 2021, Fox Odoi-Oywelowo was elected as a member of Uganda's Eleventh Parliament representing the West Budama North East constituency.  In June, he took over leadership of the Human Rights Committee of the Parliament of Uganda.  An avid human rights advocate and defender, he vows to hold every institution accountable for human rights violations. In 2023, he was the only MP to vote against the Anti-Homosexuality Act.

Parliament of Uganda
The Parliament of Uganda is the unicameral legislature of the Republic of Uganda. One of its primary functions is to pass laws that support effective governance in the country. Government ministers are required to answer to the people's representatives on the floor of the house and may be appointed from amongst its members.

Through the various parliamentary committees, parliament scrutinises government programmes, particularly as outlined in the State of the Nation address by the president. Fiscal matters, such as taxation and loans, require parliamentary approval after appropriate debate.Parliament also holds the authority to confirm certain presidential nominations and, through a motion of censure, may compel a Minister to resign.
2006–07 Super League Greece
The 2006–07 Super League Greece was the 71st season of the highest football league of Greece and the inaugural under the name Super League. The season began on 19 August 2006 and ended on 13 May 2007. Olympiacos clinched the title on 22 April with their victory over Kerkyra, for their third straight title and 10th in the last 11 years.

For the next season, Ionikos, Kerkyra and Egaleo have been relegated to B' Ethniki given that they have finished in the lowest three spots of the table. Asteras Tripolis, Levadiakos and Veria was promoted from B' Ethniki for 2007–08.

Football League (Greece)
The Football League (Greek: Φούτμπολ Λιγκ), also officially known as Beta Ethniki Katigoria (Greek: Β΄ Εθνική Κατηγορία, lit. 'Second National Division'), was second-tier professional men's association football league in Greece since its inception in 1962 as Beta Ethniki and until 2019. It then served as a third-tier professional men's association football league after the creation of the Greek Super League 2 as the new second-tier professional men's association football league and it was eventually abolished in 2021 when the 2021–22 Super League 2 went from a 12 team to a 36 team league, absorbing most of the clubs from the Football League.
Hilary Wilder
Hilary Wilder is an American visual artist and educator based in Richmond, Virginia. She is primarily known for painting and installation art, but has also worked in sculpture and video. Her art employs wide-ranging, familiar visual languages—for example, from landscape and abstract painting and modern design—to explore how personal experience, historical events and places are represented, and sometimes fictionalized, misunderstood or idealized.

Wilder's work has been recognized by the John S. Guggenheim and Pollock-Krasner foundations and belongs to the public art collection of the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston (MFAH). She has exhibited at the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, deCordova Sculpture Park and Museum, MFAH and Contemporary Arts Museum Houston, among other venues.

Contemporary Arts Museum Houston
Contemporary Arts Museum Houston is a not-for-profit institution in the Museum District, Houston, Texas, founded in 1948,
dedicated to presenting contemporary art to the public.

As a non-collecting museum, it strives to provide a forum for visual arts of the present and recent past and document new directions in art, while engaging the public and encouraging a greater understanding of contemporary art through education programs.

Contemporary Arts Museum Houston opened in 1972, in a building designed by Gunnar Birkerts.
2023 Men's Junior Pan American Championship
The 2023 Men's Junior Pan American Championship was the 13th edition of the Men's Pan American Junior Championship, the men's international under-21 field hockey championship of the Americas organized by the Pan American Hockey Federation.

The tournament was held alongside the women's tournament at the Wildey Hockey Centre in Bridgetown, Barbados and took take place from 10 to 17 April 2023. The tournament served as a direct qualifier for the 2023 Junior World Cup, with the three best placed teams qualifying.

Argentina won their 12th title by defeating Canada 6–1 in the final. The defending champions Chile won the bronze medal by defeating the United States 4–1.

Argentina men's national under-21 field hockey team
The Argentina men's national under-21 field hockey team represents Argentina in men's international under-21 field hockey competitions and is controlled by the Argentine Hockey Confederation, the governing body for field hockey in Argentina.

The team competes in the Pan American Junior Championship which they have won a record 13 times. They have qualified for all Junior World Cups which they have won twice.