hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Exploration of Neptune
Neptune has been directly explored by one space probe, Voyager 2, in 1989. As of 2026, there are no confirmed future missions to visit the Neptunian system. NASA, ESA, CNSA and independent academic groups have proposed future scientific missions to visit Neptune. Some mission plans are still active, while others have been abandoned or put on hold.

Since the mid-1990s, Neptune has been studied from afar with telescopes, including the Hubble Space Telescope and the ground-based Keck telescope using adaptive optics.

W. M. Keck Observatory
The W. M. Keck Observatory is an astronomical observatory with two telescopes at an elevation of 4,145 meters (13,600 ft) near the summit of Mauna Kea in the U.S. state of Hawaii. Both telescopes have 10 m (33 ft) aperture primary mirrors, and, when completed in 1993 (Keck I) and 1996 (Keck II), they were the largest optical reflecting telescopes in the world. They have been the third and fourth largest since 2006.
For the Hell of It
For the Hell of It is the debut solo studio album by American rapper Hell Rell. It was released on September 25, 2007, via Diplomat Records & Koch Records. Production was handled by Dame Grease, AraabMuzik, DukeDaGod, AblazeDaArchitek, DVLP, Knoxville, Max Perry, Oddz N Endz, Tracsquad Movement, Q Butta, Rice, Yonny, and Hell Rell himself. It features guest appearances from Cam'ron, J.R. Writer, Juelz Santana, Styles P, Young Dro, Karen Civil, Asia & Ashley. The album peaked at number 55 on the Billboard 200, number 10 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums, and number 5 on both Top Rap Albums and Independent Albums.

J.R. Writer
Juan Rusty Brito (born May 28, 1985) better known by his stage name J.R. Writer, is an American rapper and freestyle champion. He came to prominence in the early 2000s after becoming affiliated with the hip hop group The Diplomats and guest appeared on Juelz Santana's 2003 album From Me To U.

JR signed a joint venture deal with Diplomat and Koch Records to release his debut studio album History in the Making which was released in 2006, which made the top 30 on the Billboard 200.
European Pressphoto Agency
European Pressphoto Agency B.V. (EPA Images) is an international news and photo agency.

Images from all parts of the world covering news, politics, sports, business, finance as well as arts, culture and entertainment are provided by a global network of over 400 professional photographers and included in the EPA Images service. The EPA Images picture and video service is based both on the broad network of EPA's staff photographers all over the world and on the daily production of its member agencies, which are all market leaders in their respective countries. All photos are edited and distributed to clients and partners worldwide by the editorial headquarters in Frankfurt am Main, Germany, which is staffed 24 hours daily.

Athens-Macedonian News Agency
The Athens-Macedonian News Agency (AMNA) (Greek: Αθηναϊκό-Μακεδονικό Πρακτορείο Ειδήσεων, ΑΜΠΕ) is a Greek news agency. It is a public entity anonymous company. It was founded in 2008 as the Athens News Agency - Macedonian Press Agency S.A. (ANA-MPA SA), under a presidential decree which merged the Athens News Agency (ANA SA) and the Macedonian Press Agency (MPA SA).

The company has a nine-member board of directors, of which the majority (five members) comprises representatives of the Journalists' Union of the Athens Daily Newspapers (ESIEA), the Macedonia-Thrace Union of Journalists (ESIEMTH), the Athens Union of Daily Newspaper Owners, the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (and on rotation every three years the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki and the Panteion University), as well as a representative of the workforce, who is elected by all the company's staff members.
Alicia Alonso
Alicia Alonso (born Alicia Ernestina de la Caridad del Cobre Martínez del Hoyo; 21 December 1920 – 17 October 2019) was a Cuban prima ballerina assoluta and choreographer whose company became the Ballet Nacional de Cuba in 1955. She is best known for her portrayals of Giselle and the ballet version of Carmen.

From the age of nineteen, Alonso was afflicted with an eye condition and became partially blind. Her partners always had to be in the exact place she expected them to be, and she used lights in different parts of the stage to guide herself.

Carmen Suite (ballet)
Carmen Suite is a one-act ballet created in 1967 by Cuban choreographer Alberto Alonso to music by Russian composer Rodion Shchedrin for his wife, prima ballerina assoluta Maya Plisetskaya. The premiere took place on 20 April 1967 at the Bolshoi Theatre, Moscow. The music, taken from Bizet's opera Carmen and arranged for strings and percussion, is not a 19th-century pastiche but rather "a creative meeting of the minds," as Shchedrin put it, with Bizet's melodies reclothed in a variety of fresh instrumental colors (including the frequent use of percussion), set to new rhythms and often phrased with a great deal of sly wit. Initially banned by the Soviet hierarchy as "disrespectful" to the opera for precisely these qualities, the ballet has since become Shchedrin's best-known work and has remained popular in the West for what reviewer James Sanderson calls "an iconoclastic but highly entertaining retelling of Bizet's opera."
Gary D. Robson
Gary D. Robson (May 11, 1958) is an American author from Red Lodge, Montana. He is best known for his children's picture book series entitled Who Pooped in the Park?, which teaches children about animal scat and tracks. The series currently comprises 20 books, mostly set in United States National Parks. The 20th book in the series was released in 2016, covering Central Park in New York City.

Robson is also an expert in closed captioning and subtitling technologies for deaf and hard of hearing people.

National Court Reporters Association
The National Court Reporters Association (NCRA) is an American organization for the advancement of the profession of the court reporter, closed captioner, and realtime writer. The association holds annual conventions, seminars and forums, speed and real-time contests, and teachers' workshops to assist court reporters.

Reporters can join NCRA for a fee that varies depending on whether the applicant is a student, teacher, or reporter.
Membership allows a reporter to take the certifications, get discounts on conventions, attend conferences, and have access to a network of other professionals in the field.
The Future (Alderman novel)
The Future is a 2023 satirical science fiction novel by English writer Naomi Alderman, published by Simon & Schuster. The novel is set in a future dystopia where the world has been altered by environmental crisis and a powerful technocracy.

The book received mostly positive reviews from critics, including a starred review from Kirkus Reviews. Niall Harrison of Locus gave the novel a mixed review, writing that "a novel with an interesting argument. But I did just occasionally feel that I was watching the urge to imagine the metaphori­cal wedding sabotage the suspense of the journey." Stephanie Merritt of The Guardian wrote, "Alderman moves easily between an ironic, comic register and more reflective asides. She writes with warmth and wisdom; beyond the entertaining action sequences and the sci-fi gadgets, she posits an alternative future that acknowledges both our human weaknesses and our resilience."

Locus (magazine)
Locus: The Magazine of The Science Fiction & Fantasy Field, founded in 1968, is an American magazine published monthly in Oakland, California. It is the news organ and trade journal for the English-language science fiction and fantasy fields. It also publishes comprehensive listings of all new books published in the genres (excluding self-published). The magazine also presents the annual Locus Awards. Locus Online was launched in April 1997, as a semi-autonomous web version of Locus Magazine.
Upper Harz Ponds
The Upper Harz Ponds (German: Oberharzer Teiche) are found mainly around the mining town of Clausthal-Zellerfeld and the nearby villages of Buntenbock and Hahnenklee in the Upper Harz mountains of central Germany. There are around 70 ponds in total, both large and small. They were built by the miners of the Upper Harz, mostly between the 16th and 18th centuries, and are important components of the cultural monument known as the Upper Harz Water Regale - a network of dams, ditches, ponds and tunnels that was built to supply much-needed water power for the mining industry in the Harz mountains. Today the Water Regale is being proposed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. About half the dammed ponds are classified today as reservoirs, but they have now become characteristic features of the Upper Harz and are home to some extremely rare plant and animal species.

The Upper Harz Ponds also have the oldest working dams in Germany.

Natural monument
A natural monument is a natural or cultural feature of outstanding or unique value because of its inherent rarity, representative of aesthetic qualities, or cultural significance. They can be natural geological and geographical features such as waterfalls, cliffs, craters, fossil, sand dunes, rock forms, valleys and coral reefs. Locations important to faith groups may be considered natural monuments. Archeological and historical sites linked to the natural environment are also included, such as cave art. This is especially true when relevant to the land of Indigenous Peoples.
People's Empowerment Party (Barbados)
The People's Empowerment Party (PEP) is a left-wing political party in Barbados. The party was established on 14 January 2006 as the electoral wing of the Clement Payne Movement. Led by David Comissiong, it received only 198 votes in the 2008 elections and failed to win a seat.

David Comissiong
David Comissiong (born 1960) is a Vincentian-born political activist, founder of the Clement Payne Movement, and former head of the Barbadian government's Commission for Pan-African affairs. He is a frequent critic of globalization and United States hegemony. One of the key Pan-Africanists in Caribbean politics, Comissiong is the Barbados Ambassador to the Caribbean Community (CARICOM).
Vitaly Mikhailov
Vitaly Mikhailov (Belarusian: Віталь Сяргеевіч Міхайлаў; born 24 August 1986) is a Belarusian long track speed skater, born in Vitebsk, who participates in international competitions.

Mikhailov is the current holder of the Belarusian record in 1000 metres.

Long-track speed skating
Long-track speed skating, usually simply referred to as speed skating, is the Olympic discipline of speed skating where competitors are timed while crossing a set distance. It is also a sport for leisure. Sports such as ice skating marathon, short-track speedskating, inline speedskating, and quad speed skating are also called speed skating.

Long-track speed skating enjoys large popularity in the Netherlands and has also had champion athletes from Austria, Canada, China, Finland, Germany, Japan, Italy, Norway, Poland, South Korea, Russia, Sweden, the Czech Republic and the United States. Speed skaters attain maximum speeds of 60 km/h (37 mph).
Chartershaugh Bridge
Chartershaugh Bridge is a road traffic bridge spanning the River Wear in North East England, linking Penshaw with Fatfield as part of the A182 road. The bridge was opened in 1975 and is named after the former settlement of Chartershaugh, which once stood on a site near the bridge.

North East England
North East England, often referred to as simply the North East within England, is one of nine official regions of England. It consists of County Durham, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear and part of North Yorkshire. With 2.6 million residents in 2022, it is the least populous region of England. Its largest settlements include Newcastle upon Tyne, Sunderland, Middlesbrough, Gateshead, Darlington and Hartlepool. The North East is covered by two mayoral combined authorities: North East Combined Authority and Tees Valley Combined Authority. It is one of three regions, the other two being North West England and Yorkshire and the Humber, that make up Northern England.
Donald Henry Barron
Donald Henry Barron (April 9, 1905 – August 24, 1993) was an American reproductive biologist who was born in Flandreau, South Dakota and received his B.A. in Chemistry at Carleton College, his M.S. in Botany at Iowa State College and his Ph.D. at Yale University. In March 1933, he joined Edgar D. Adrian's laboratory in Cambridge University where he investigated the Slow potential wave in spinal cord collaborated with Bryan Matthews and received an honorary M.A. degree from there in 1936.

Barron and his family to return to the United States in 1940. From 1943 to 1969, he worked at Yale and then moved to University of Florida until he retired, enjoyed a distinguished career as a biologist, anatomist, neurophysiologist, and fetal-placental physiologist.

Donald Barron died August 24, 1993, in Gainesville, Florida. He is buried at Forest Meadows Memorial Park and Mausoleum Central in Gainesville, Florida.

Reproductive medicine
Reproductive medicine is a branch of medicine concerning the male and female reproductive systems. It encompasses a variety of reproductive conditions, their prevention and assessment, as well as their subsequent treatment and prognosis.

Reproductive medicine has allowed the development of artificial reproductive techniques (ARTs) which have allowed advances in overcoming human infertility, as well as being used in agriculture and in wildlife conservation. Some examples of ARTs include IVF, artificial insemination (AI) and embryo transfer, as well as genome resource banking.
Andrea Nirmala Widjajanto
Andrea Nirmala Widjajanto (born 1999) is an Indonesian film director. She is most noted for her short film Sawo Matang, which was named to the Toronto International Film Festival's annual year-end Canada's Top Ten list for 2023.

She made a number of student films prior to debuting her short film Srikandi at the 2021 Toronto International Film Festival. Later the same year she released Brown Enough, a short documentary film co-directed with Kent Donguines.

In 2022 she released Shallots and Garlic (Bawang Merah Bawang Putih), which utilized the body horror genre to tell a story about a young woman with an eating disorder.

2021 Toronto International Film Festival
The 2021 Toronto International Film Festival, the 46th event in the Toronto International Film Festival series, was held from September 9 to 18, 2021. Due to the continued COVID-19 pandemic in Toronto, Canada, the festival was staged as a "hybrid" of in-person and digital screenings. Most films were screened both in-person and on the digital platform, although a few titles were withheld by their distributors from the digital platform and instead were screened exclusively in-person.

Artistic director Cameron Bailey indicated that while the 2021 festival would not fully return to the size of program that it offered at the 2019 Toronto International Film Festival, it would be significantly bigger than the reduced lineup that was offered at the 2020 Toronto International Film Festival. Overall, the festival featured over 100 films, including a special retrospective program devoted to the work of Canadian documentary filmmaker Alanis Obomsawin.
Parasola auricoma
Parasola auricoma is a species of agaric fungus in the family Psathyrellaceae first described scientifically in 1886.

The small, umbrella-shaped fruit bodies (mushrooms) of the fungus grow in grass or woodchips and are short-lived, usually collapsing with age in a few hours. The caps are up to 6 cm (2.4 in) wide, initially elliptical before flattening out, and colored reddish-brown to greyish, depending on their age and hydration. They are pleated with radial grooves extending from the center to the edge of the cap. The slender, whitish stems are up to 12 cm (4.7 in) long and a few millimeters thick. Microscopically, P. auricoma is characterized by the presence of setae (thick-walled bristles) in its cap cuticle. This characteristic, in addition to the relatively large, ellipsoid spores can be used to distinguish it from other morphologically similar Parasola species.

The species is found in Europe, Japan, and North America.

Agaric
An agaric (/ˈæɡərɪk, əˈɡærɪk/) is a type of fungal fruiting body characterized by the presence of a pileus (cap) that is clearly differentiated from the stipe (stalk), with lamellae (gills) on the underside of the pileus. It is a type of mushroom (or toadstool), the diverse group of agarics being lumped together as gilled mushrooms. "Agaric" can also refer more generally to any basidiomycete species characterized by an agaric-type fruiting body.
Marcali Synagogue
The Marcali Synagogue is a former Jewish congregation and synagogue that was located in Marcali, in the county of Somogy, Hungary. Completed in 1906, the building was used a synagogue until World War II and profane use until its demolition in 1963.

Profane use
Profane use is a term used in the Roman Catholic Church to refer to closed parish churches that will no longer be used as churches.  This is often done in preparation to sell the former church building to another party.  In this context, Profane does not refer to swearing, but rather to the older definition of those things that take place outside the temple.

With church buildings that are to be sold, first the sacred items (such as consecrated hosts) will be removed from the church.  The Diocesan Bishop (or Archbishop) will issue a decree stating that the church building has been relegated to profane use.  This has the effect of deconsecrating the church building.  Once this decree has been made the building is no longer an official church building.  The diocese will sell the building for any use as long as it is not sordid.
Bangladesh Navy
The Bangladesh Navy (Bengali: বাংলাদেশ নৌবাহিনী, romanized: Bānlādeś Noubāhinī; abbreviated as BN) is the naval warfare branch of the Bangladesh Armed Forces, responsible for defending the maritime interests and territorial waters of Bangladesh. Operating under the Ministry of Defence, the Navy conducts maritime security, naval defense, surveillance, and disaster relief operations. Established after the 1971 Liberation War, the Bangladesh Navy has developed into a modern and professional force, actively participating in United Nations peacekeeping operations and regional maritime security initiatives. The Bangladesh Navy today is typically categorized as a green-water navy both domestically and internationally.

Naval warfare
Naval warfare is combat in and on the sea, the ocean, or any other battlespace involving a major body of water such as a large lake or wide river.

The armed forces branch designated for naval warfare is a navy. Naval operations can be broadly divided into riverine/littoral applications (brown-water navy), open-ocean applications (blue-water navy), between riverine/littoral and open-ocean applications (green-water navy), although these distinctions are more about strategic scope than tactical or operational division. The strategic offensive purpose of naval warfare is projection of force by water, and its strategic defensive purpose is to challenge the similar projection of force by enemies.
Hurwitz's theorem
Hurwitz's theorem can refer to several theorems named after Adolf Hurwitz:

Hurwitz's theorem (complex analysis)

Riemann–Hurwitz formula in algebraic geometry

Hurwitz's theorem (composition algebras) on quadratic forms and nonassociative algebras

Hurwitz's automorphisms theorem on Riemann surfaces

Hurwitz's theorem (number theory)

Hurwitz's theorem (number theory)
In number theory, Hurwitz's theorem, named after Adolf Hurwitz, gives a bound on a Diophantine approximation. The theorem states that for every irrational number ξ there are infinitely many relatively prime integers m, n such that

The condition that ξ is irrational cannot be omitted. Moreover, the constant  is the best possible; if we replace  by any number  and we let  (the golden ratio) then there exist only finitely many relatively prime integers m, n such that the formula above holds.

The theorem is equivalent to the claim that the Markov constant of every number is larger than .
Battle of Stony Point
41°14′28″N 73°58′26″W﻿ / ﻿41.241°N 73.974°W﻿ / 41.241; -73.974

The Battle of Stony Point took place on July 16, 1779, during the American Revolutionary War. In a well-planned and -executed nighttime attack, a highly trained select group of George Washington's Continental Army troops under the command of Brigadier General "Mad Anthony" Wayne defeated British troops in a quick and daring assault on their outpost in Stony Point, New York, located in present day Rockland County, approximately 30 mi (48 km) north of New York City.

The British suffered heavy losses in a battle that served as an important victory in terms of morale for the Continental Army. While the fort was ordered evacuated quickly after the battle by General Washington, this key crossing site was used later in the war by units of the Continental Army to cross the Hudson River during the final stages of the war.

Stony Point, New York
Stony Point is a town in Rockland County, New York, United States. It is part of the New York City Metropolitan Area.  The town is located north of the town of Haverstraw, east and south of Orange County, and west of the Hudson River and Westchester County.  The population was 14,813 at the 2020 census. The name of the town is derived from a prominent projection into the Hudson River.

The town is in the northeastern part of the county. U.S. Route 9W, U.S. Route 202, and the Palisades Interstate Parkway are major north–south routes through the town. Stony Point is included in the North Rockland Central School District. It is the most rural of the five towns in Rockland County.
Polyhexamethylene guanidine
Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) is a guanidine derivative that is used as a biocidal disinfectant, often in the form of its salt polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate (PHMG-P).

Studies have shown that PHMG in solution has fungicidal as well as bactericidal activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The substance also has detergent, anti-corrosive, and flocculant properties and prevents biofouling. PHMG-P is a white powdered solid, and as all polyguanidine salts, readily soluble in water.

Flocculation
In colloidal chemistry, flocculation is a process by which colloidal particles come out of suspension to sediment in the form of  floc or flake, either spontaneously or due to the addition of a clarifying agent. The action differs from precipitation in that, prior to flocculation, colloids are merely suspended, under the form of a stable dispersion (where the internal phase (solid) is dispersed throughout the external phase (fluid) through mechanical agitation) and are not truly dissolved in solution.

Coagulation and flocculation are important processes in fermentation and water treatment with coagulation aimed to destabilize and aggregate particles through chemical interactions between the coagulant and colloids, and flocculation to sediment the destabilized particles by causing their aggregation into floc.