hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tarashikomi
Tarashikomi (in Japanese 垂らし込み, meaning "dripping in") is a Japanese painting technique, in which a second layer of paint is applied before the first layer is dry. This  effect creates a dripping form for fine details such as ripples in water or flower petals on a tree.
Japanese paintings in the past were usually done on paper (or silk) with watercolors. The paintings in the Tomb of Kyushu are some of the earliest Japanese art, painted on the tomb’s walls between the fifth and seventh centuries AD. Silk and paper came from China, and in the seventh century was used primarily for writing; however, it began to be used for art during the eighth century. Silk was most common for hanging scroll paintings, while paper was used for calligraphy on handscrolls. Nikawa (animal glue) was used for paint; the glue was made from cowhide or other animal skins.

Cowhide
Cowhide is the natural, unbleached skin and hair of a cow. It retains the original coloring of the animal. Cowhides are a product of the food industry from cattle. Cowhide is frequently processed into leather.
Cabinet Secretary (India)
The cabinet secretary (ISO:मंत्रिमंडळ सचिव) is the top-most executive official and senior-most civil servant of the Government of India. The cabinet secretary is the ex-officio head of the Civil Services Board, the Cabinet Secretariat, the Indian Administrative Service (IAS), and all Civil Services of India work under the rules of business of the government.

The cabinet secretary is the senior most cadre post of the Indian Administrative Service, ranking eleventh on the Indian order of precedence. The cabinet secretary is under the direct charge of the prime minister. Since 2010, the cabinet secretary's term length was extended to a maximum of four years. Thereafter, amended in 2019 for further extension up to 1 year. In, total up to 5 years.

Order of precedence in India
The order of precedence of the Republic of India is a list in which the functionaries, dignitaries and officials are listed for ceremonial purposes and has no legal standing and does not reflect the Indian presidential line of succession or the co-equal status of the separation of powers under the Constitution of India. The order is established by the President of India, through the President's Secretariat and is maintained by the Ministry of Home Affairs.

The order in the Table of Precedence is meant for State and Ceremonial occasions and has no application in the day-to-day business of Government.
Markarian 50
Markarian 50 is a young open cluster in the Milky Way galaxy. Located at about 3,460 pc away in the constellation Cepheus, its age is estimated at only about 7.5 million years old. Markarian 50 may be a member of the OB association Cassiopeia OB2. The Wolf-Rayet star WR 157 is a member of Markarian 50.

Markarian 50 can also refer to a Seyfert galaxy in the constellation Virgo.

Virgo (constellation)
Virgo is one of the constellations of the zodiac. The name means "maiden" in Latin and its traditional astrological symbol is . Between Leo to the west and Libra to the east, lying in the south, it is the second-largest constellation in the sky (after Hydra) and the largest constellation in the zodiac. The ecliptic intersects the celestial equator within this constellation and Pisces. Underlying these technical two definitions, the sun passes directly overhead of the equator, within this constellation, at the September equinox. Virgo can be easily found through its brightest star, Spica, (in Latin "grain headed").
Billion-Dollar Brain
Billion-Dollar Brain is a 1966 Cold War spy novel by Len Deighton. It was the fourth to feature an unnamed secret agent working for the British WOOC(P) intelligence agency. It follows The IPCRESS File (1962), Horse Under Water (1963), and Funeral in Berlin (1964). As in most of Deighton's novels, the plot of Billion Dollar Brain (1967) is intricate, with many dead ends.

Intelligence agency
An intelligence agency is a government agency operating as a secret service responsible for the collection, analysis, and exploitation of information in support of law enforcement, national security, military, public safety, and foreign policy objectives.

Means of information gathering are both overt and covert and may include espionage, communication interception, cryptanalysis, cooperation with other institutions, and evaluation of public sources. The assembly and propagation of this information is known as intelligence analysis or intelligence assessment.
Serrulacaulis
Serrulacaulis was a genus of early land plant with branching axes. Known fossils are of Late Devonian age (382 to 359 million years ago).

A cladogram published in 2004 by Crane et al. places Serrulacaulis in the core of a paraphyletic stem group of broadly defined "zosterophylls", basal to the lycopsids (living and extinct clubmosses and relatives).

Crown group
In phylogenetics, the crown group or crown assemblage is a collection of species composed of the living representatives of the collection, the most recent common ancestor of the collection, and all descendants of the most recent common ancestor. It is thus a way of defining a clade, a group consisting of a species and all its extant or extinct descendants. For example, Neornithes (birds) can be defined as a crown group, which includes the most recent common ancestor of all modern birds, and all of its extant or extinct descendants.

The concept was developed by Willi Hennig, the formulator of phylogenetic systematics, as a way of classifying living organisms relative to their extinct relatives in his "Die Stammesgeschichte der Insekten",
and the "crown" and "stem" group terminology was coined by R. P. S. Jefferies in 1979. Though formulated in the 1970s, the term was not commonly used until its reintroduction in 2000 by Graham Budd and Sören Jensen.
Buuz
Buuz (/ˈbuːz, ˈbuːts/; Mongolian: Бууз ᠪᠤᠤᠵᠠ [pʊ́ːts(ə)]; Buryat: Бууза ᠪᠤᠤᠽᠠ [ˈbʊː(d)z(ɐ)]) are a type of Mongolian steamed dumpling filled with meat. An example of authentic Mongolian and Buryatian cuisine, the dish is traditionally eaten at home during Tsagaan Sar, the Lunar New Year. In modern times it is also offered at restaurants and small cafes ("guanz") throughout the capital city of Ulaanbaatar, typically eaten with soy sauce.

Buryat language
Buryat or Buriat, known in foreign sources as the Bargu-Buryat dialect of Mongolian, and in pre-1956 Soviet sources as Buryat-Mongolian, is a variety of the Mongolic languages spoken by the Buryats and Bargas that is classified either as a language or major dialect group of Mongolian.
Pottok
The Pottok or Pottoka (/ˈpɒtək, -kə/ or /pəˈtjɒk, -kə/, Basque: pottoka [poˈcoka]), is an endangered, semi-feral breed of pony native to the Pyrenees of the Basque Country in France and Spain.

It is considered an ancient breed of horse, particularly well adapted to the harsh mountain areas it traditionally inhabits.

Once common, it is endangered through habitat loss, mechanization and crossbreeding but efforts are increasingly made to safeguard the future of this breed.  It is considered iconic by the Basque people.

Black horse
Black is a hair coat color of horses in which the entire hair coat is black. It is not uncommon to mistake dark chestnuts or bays for black.

Black horses have dark brown eyes, black skin, and wholly black hair coats without any areas of permanently reddish or brownish hair. They may have pink skin beneath any  white markings under the areas of white hair, and if such white markings include one or both eyes, the eyes may be blue. Many black horses "sun bleach" with exposure to the elements and sweat, and therefore their coats may lose some of their rich black character and may even resemble bay or seal brown, though examination of the color of hair around the eyes, muzzle and genitals will determine color.

Some breeds of horses, such as the Friesian horse, Murgese and Ariegeois (or Merens), are almost exclusively black. Black is also common in the Fell pony, Dales pony, Ostfriesen and Alt-Oldenburger, Kladruber, and Groningen.
Irwin County School District
The Irwin County School District is a public school district in Irwin County, Georgia, United States, based in Ocilla.

It serves the entire population of Irwin County, including the communities of Irwinville and Ocilla.

While the Irwin County portion of Fitzgerald is in the district, as of 2022 no people live in that portion.

Irwinville, Georgia
Irwinville is an unincorporated community in Irwin County, Georgia, United States.

Irwinville was founded as "Irwinsville" in 1831 as the seat for the newly formed Irwin County. The community was named for Georgia governor Jared Irwin. It was renamed to Irwinville (without the S) when it was incorporated as a town in 1857. In 1907, the seat of Irwin County was transferred from Irwinville to Ocilla.

Irwinville is well known for its role in the American Civil War as the site of the capture of Confederate President Jefferson Davis, who was fleeing Union troops. Today, the site of his capture is marked by a monument as well as a museum and park.

It was also a part of the WPA projects in the 1930s. A small water park originally called Crystal Lake (later changed to Crystal Beach) operated just outside there from the middle of the twentieth century to 1998.
Park Tae-joon
Park Tae-joon (Korean: 박태준; 24 October 1927 – 13 December 2011) was a South Korean business tycoon and politician who briefly served as the prime minister of South Korea in 2000.

His most renowned accomplishment includes founding of POSCO and growing it into one of the world's largest and most successful steel companies during his multi-decade tenure as chairman and CEO. For this, he was often called the "Korean Andrew Carnegie". Earlier in his life, he served in the South Korean Army and led several platoons during the Korean War and eventually reaching the rank of Major General. He also founded POSTECH (leading research university in Korea), the Pohang Steelers soccer team, and the POSCO TJ Park Foundation which was preceded by the Steel Scholarship Foundation. His pen name was Chungam.

Korea Military Academy
Korea Military Academy (KMA) is the leading South Korean institution for the education and training of officer cadets for the Republic of Korea Army. Along with the Korea Army Academy (Yeongcheon), it produces the largest number of senior officers in the Korean army. Commonly referred to as Hwarangdae (Korean: 화랑대 Hanja: 花郞臺) as a reference to the Hwarang, an elite organization of youth leaders which existed in Korean history, it is located in Nowon-gu, a northeastern district of Seoul, South Korea.
Dražen Šćuri
Dražen Šćuri (born 7 January 1962) was commander of the Croatian Air Force and Air Defense from 2011 to 2016.

During his career he was the commander of an attack helicopter squadron, chief of the Operational duties section of the Air Force Command, and deputy Air Force commander.

Croatian Air Force
The Croatian Air Force (Croatian: Hrvatsko ratno zrakoplovstvo or HRZ) is the aerial warfare branch of the Croatian Armed Forces. It is tasked primarily with safeguarding the sovereignty of Croatian airspace and providing aviation support to other branches during joint operations.

The mission of HRZ is to monitor and protect the airspace of the Republic of Croatia, participate in joint and international NATO/UN/EU-led military operations, and implement operations to provide assistance to civil institutions in the country. Today, the Croatian Air Force has 1,500 members, of which about 200 are pilots. The share of women is 13.44%. Brigadier Krešimir Ražov was appointed as the new Commander of the Croatian Air Force in October 2025.
Jens-Kristian Sørensen
Jens-Kristian Selvejer Sørensen (born 21 March 1987) is a retired Danish professional footballer who played as a defender.

Sørensen grew up in the small village of Biersted, and was nicknamed Farmer as a joke, because Biersted it is so small it almost isn't a village but rather a place. He is known for his physical strength and good heading abilities. He was due to make his first youth international appearance for Denmark, when called up to the Danish u-20 side for the 2006 Milk Cup in Northern Ireland, but an injury forced him to withdraw from the team, making way for AaB teammate Lasse Nielsen.

On 4 October 2006 Sørensen made his senior debut for AaB, when they faced FC Nordsjælland at Farum Park.

Sørensen joined Viborg FF in August 2011.

Viborg FF
Viborg Fodsports Forening (lit. 'Viborg Footsport Association'), also known as Viborg FF or VFF for short, is a Danish professional football club based in the Central Jutland city of Viborg. They compete in the Danish Superliga, the top tier of Danish football. Nicknamed de Grønne (the Greens), the club was originally founded on 1 April 1896. After more than 100 years of existence, the club won their first and only major trophy in 2000, lifting the Danish Cup.
George Talaz
George Talaz (pen name of Gheorghe Antonescu; October 18, 1898–March 2, 1973) was a Romanian poet.

Born in Toporăști, Vaslui County, he attended the Academy of Painting and Sculpture, but did not graduate. His published debut took place in 1916, and involved poems. His work appeared in Azi, Falanga, Flacăra, Gândirea and Ritmul vremii. He edited Vestea satelor and Scânteia satelor. His poetry volumes, which spanned half a century (Fântână, 1937; De vorbă cu fierul de plug, 1949; Armonii în zori, 1961; Treptele împlinirii, 1967; Poezie, 1968), clearly illustrate how style and literary demands evolved during the period. The most enduring part of his output is the early work, the symbolist poetry of the first books. He died in Bucharest.

Pungești
Pungești is a commune in Vaslui County, Western Moldavia, Romania. It is composed of nine villages: Armășoaia, Cursești-Deal, Cursești-Vale, Hordila, Pungești, Rapșa, Siliștea, Stejaru, and Toporăști.

Pungești is situated in the northwestern region of Vaslui County.

In late 2013, Pungești became a center of protests against shale gas exploitation through hydraulic fracturing.
Catholic University of Ireland
The Catholic University of Ireland (CUI; Irish: Ollscoil Chaitliceach na hÉireann) was a private Catholic university in Dublin, Ireland. It was founded in 1851 following the Synod of Thurles in 1850, and in response to the Queen's University of Ireland and its associated colleges which were nondenominational; Cardinal Cullen had previously forbidden Catholics from attending these "godless colleges".

Non-denominational
A non-denominational person or organization is one that does not follow (or is not restricted to) any particular or specific religious denomination.

The term has been used in the context of various faiths, including Jainism, Baháʼí Faith, Zoroastrianism, Unitarian Universalism, Neo-Paganism, Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Hinduism, Buddhism and Wicca. It stands in contrast with a religious denomination. Religious people of a non-denominational persuasion tend to be more open-minded in their views on various religious matters and rulings. Some converts towards non-denominational strains of thought have been influenced by disputes over traditional teachings in the previous institutions they attended. Nondenominationalism has also been used as a tool for introducing neutrality into a public square when the local populace is derived from a wide-ranging set of religious beliefs.
Arash (radar)
Arash (Persian: رادار آرش) is a long-range radar system built by the Islamic Republic of Iran Air Defense Force. According to Brigadier General Farzad Esmaili, commander of the Islamic Republic of Iran Air Defense Force, Arash radar Phased array radar is complete.
He also said in an interview:«The radar will be developed in the foreseeable future, Radar with very high capacity to detect and identify targets and Also in the field of electronic warfare is approved by the Ayatollah Ali Khamenei.

Farzad Esmaili
Farzad Esmaili (Persian: فرزاد اسماعیلی; born 1972) is an Iranian military officer who President of the AJA University of Command and Staff since February 2026. He was formerly held office as the commander of the Air Defense Force. He served in the capacity between 2011 and 2018, when he was succeeded by his deputy Alireza Sabahifard. He was subsequently named as the assistant to the Commander-in-Chief of Islamic Republic of Iran Army.
Frieda Friedman
Frieda Friedman (born 1905, date of death unknown) was a writer of children's literature who, from the mid-1940s to the late 1960s, published several short, illustrated novels primarily intended for preteen and adolescent girls. Her works enjoyed republication and numerous printings through the 1970s, and in some cases until the late 1980s.

Preadolescence
Preadolescence is a stage of human development following middle childhood and preceding adolescence. It commonly ends with the beginning of puberty. Preadolescence is commonly defined as ages 9–12 ending with the major onset of puberty. It may also be defined as simply the 2-year period before the major onset of puberty. Preadolescence can bring its own challenges and anxieties.
2013 Topshelf Open
The 2013 Topshelf Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor grass courts. It was the 24th edition of the Rosmalen Grass Court Championships, and was part of the 250 Series of the 2013 ATP World Tour, and of the WTA International tournaments of the 2013 WTA Tour. Both the men's and the women's events took place at the Autotron park in Rosmalen, 's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands, from 16 June until 22 June 2013.

's-Hertogenbosch
's-Hertogenbosch (Dutch: [ˌsɛrtoːɣə(m)ˈbɔs] ⓘ), colloquially known as Den Bosch (pronounced [dɛm ˈbɔs] ⓘ), is a city and municipality in the Netherlands with a population of 160,783. It is the capital of the province of North Brabant and its fourth largest city by population. The city is directly south of the Maas river and near the Waal.
Parley
A parley (from French: parler – "to speak") is a discussion or conference, especially one designed to end an argument or hostilities between two groups of people. As a verb, the term can be used in both past and present tense; in present tense the term is referred to as parleying. In some cases, opposing parties would signal their intent to invoke parley by using a white flag, however the use of a white flag to invoke or request parley is not considered mandatory.

The term parley has been used to refer to numerous high-profile meetings of the 20th century, including the London and Paris Conferences held in 1954 to determine the status of West Germany.

Conversation
Conversation is interactive communication between two or more people. The development of conversational skills and etiquette is an important part of socialization. The development of conversational skills in a new language is a frequent focus of language teaching and learning. Conversation analysis is a branch of sociology which studies the structure and organization of human interaction, with a more specific focus on conversational interaction.
Mitsubishi Rayon
Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd. (三菱レイヨン株式会社, Mitsubishi Reiyon Kabushiki-gaisha) (est. August 31, 1933) is a Japanese textile company that manufactures chemicals, plastics, and fibers. It is Japan's biggest acrylic fiber maker.  In 2010, it became a wholly owned subsidiary of Mitsubishi Chemical Holdings.

In addition to the primary acrylic fiber, Mitsubishi Rayon also is one of the top makers of golf shafts, now largely popular on the PGA and European Tours now gaining popularity by consumers.  Current Success in the shaft market includes the making of new golf clubs by brands such as Ping (golf), Callaway Golf, Nike, Titleist, and TaylorMade sold manufactured with a Mitsubishi Rayon shaft.

Kabushiki gaisha
A kabushiki gaisha (Japanese: 株式会社; pronounced [kabɯɕi̥ki ɡaꜜiɕa] ⓘ; lit. 'share company') or kabushiki kaisha, commonly abbreviated K.K. or KK, is a type of company (会社, kaisha) defined under the Companies Act of Japan. The term is often translated as "stock company", "joint-stock company" or "stock corporation". The term kabushiki gaisha in Japan refers to any joint-stock company regardless of country of origin or incorporation; however, outside Japan the term refers specifically to joint-stock companies incorporated in Japan.
1938 Tokyo mid-air collision
On August 24, 1938, an Imperial Japanese Army Air Force flying school Mitsubishi Ki1 military trainer collided in midair with a Japan Air Transport Fokker Super Universal airliner over the Ōmori district of Tokyo, Japan. Both aircraft were destroyed, killing the crew of both planes – two on the military trainer and three on the airliner (there were no passengers). A large number of people on the ground gathered around the burning wreckage to observe what had just happened, but the fuel tank of the plane exploded several minutes later, killing or injuring many.

Different sources give different ground casualty totals: 40 dead and 106 injured, at least 53 dead, 55 dead and 190 injured, 63 dead, 65 dead and 60 injured, 80 dead and 76 injured, 80 dead and 78 injured.

Fokker Super Universal
The Fokker Super Universal is an airliner produced in the United States in the late 1920s by Fokker America, an enlarged and improved version of the Fokker Universal, fitted with cantilever wings and an enclosed cockpit. It was also called the Model 8. It was subsequently also manufactured under license in Canada, and in Japan as the Nakajima–Fokker Super Universal and for the IJAAF as the Nakajima Ki-6 and later in the puppet state of Manchukuo as the Manshū Super Universal. It was used on the Byrd Antarctic expedition and was one of the most produced of the Fokker America models.
Miho Shingu
Miho Shingu (新宮 美歩, Shingū Miho; born 29 November 1991 in Hiroshima) is a Japanese track and field athlete who specialises in the 400 metres and 800 metres. She was selected for the 4 × 400 metres relay member at the 2009 World Championships in Berlin at the age of 17, but did not compete. She won a gold medal in the 4 × 400 metres relay at the 2011 Asian Championships in Kobe with teammates Sayaka Aoki, Chisato Tanaka and Satomi Kubokura. She was also the 2011 Japanese champion in the 400 metres and a two-time Japanese champion in the 4 × 400 metres relay.

Japan Championships in Athletics
The Japan Championships in Athletics (日本陸上競技選手権大会, Nihon Rikujō Kyōgi Sensyuken Taikai) is an annual outdoor track and field competition, organized by Japan Association of Athletics Federations. Currently it takes place in June or July. The competition is also for the qualifying trial for the Japanese national team of international competitions.