hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Escalante Petrified Forest State Park
Escalante Petrified Forest State Park (also known as Escalante State Park) is a state park in Utah, United States, located 0.8 km north of Escalante. The park features a high mesa that was once an ancient floodplain. Approximately 135 to 155 million years ago, large trees were buried in mud during floods. Groundwater eventually replaced the organic material with silica, preserving the wood as fossils through permineralization. Erosion has exposed these petrified logs, which were prized by hobbyists before the park's establishment. The logs are believed to be from conifers transported by a river before being buried and fossilized as agate.

The varied colors of the petrified wood are due to different minerals absorbed during petrification. Iron oxides contribute to the orange, red, and yellow hues, while manganese oxides create blues, blacks, and purples.

Agate
Agate (/ˈæɡɪt/ AG-it) is a variously translucent, banded variety of chalcedony. Agate stones are characterized by alternating bands of different colored chalcedony and may also include visible quartz crystals. They are common in nature and can be found globally in a large number of different varieties. There are some varieties of chalcedony without bands that are commonly called agate (moss agate, fire agate, etc.); however, these are not true agates. Moreover, not every banded chalcedony is an agate; for example, banded chert forms via different processes and is opaque. Agates primarily form as nodules within volcanic rock, but they can also form in veins or silicified fossils. Agate has been popular as a gemstone in jewelry for thousands of years, and today it is also popular as a collector's stone. Some duller agates sold commercially are artificially treated to enhance their color.
Addis Ababa University
Addis Ababa University (Amharic: አዲስ አበባ ዩኒቨርሲቲ; AAU) is a national university located in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. It is the oldest university in Ethiopia. AAU has thirteen campuses. Twelve of these are situated in Addis Ababa, and one is located in Bishoftu, about 45 kilometres (28 mi) away. AAU has several associated research institutions including the Institute of Ethiopian Studies. The Ministry of Education admits qualified students to AAU based on their score on the Ethiopian University Entrance Examination (EUEE).

National university
A national university is mainly a university created or managed by a government, but which may also at the same time operate autonomously without direct control by the state. In the United States, the term "national university" connotes the highest institutional level in education, differing in meaning from a "federally-chartered university." Globally, some national universities are associated with national cultural or political aspirations.
For example, the National University of Ireland during the early days of Irish independence collected a large amount of information about the Irish language and Irish culture. In Argentina, the national universities are the result of the 1918 Argentine university reform and subsequent reforms, which were intended to provide a secular university system without direct clerical or government influence by bestowing self-government on the institutions.
2013 Turkish Parliament Speaker election
The mid-term Turkish Parliament Speaker elections of 2013 were held on 2 July 2013 in order to elect the Speaker of the Grand National Assembly. The election took place in three rounds, resulting in the incumbent Speaker Cemil Çiçek being re-elected to continue serving until the end of the 24th Parliament. The election took place half-way through the term of the 24th Parliament, which lasted from June 2011 to June 2015.

Three candidates contested the election, with the Justice and Development Party (AKP) re-nominating Çiçek. The Republican People's Party (CHP) nominated Osman Korutürk while the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) nominated Faruk Bal. The Peace and Democracy Party (BDP) did not put forward a candidate. Çiçek was elected in the third round, winning 299 votes to Korutürk's and Bal's.

Konya (electoral district)
Konya is an electoral district of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. It elects fourteen members of parliament (deputies) to represent the province of the same name for a four-year term by the D'Hondt method, a party-list proportional representation system.
CKLM-FM
CKLM-FM is a Canadian radio station, broadcasting at 106.1 FM in Lloydminster, Alberta/Saskatchewan. The station airs an active rock format branded as 106.1 The Goat.

Licensed in 2000 to Peace River Broadcasting, the station was acquired by Stewart and Anita Dent (shareholders of Peace River Broadcasting) in 2001 through their numbered holding company 912038 Alberta Ltd.

The station launched on May 18, 2001. The station added a rebroadcaster at Bonnyville on August 22, 2003, which subsequently became an independent station, CFNA, on September 28, 2007. The Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission approved the stations' sale to the Vista Broadcast Group on November 21, 2008.

Bonnyville
Bonnyville is a town situated in East Northern Alberta, Canada between Cold Lake and St. Paul. The Municipal District (MD) of Bonnyville No. 87 surrounds the community.

The community derives its name from Father Bonnie, a French priest.
Kakan Rajputs
Kakan is a Rajput clan found primarily in India. They are primarily found in the states of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar and are believed to have migrated from the Kekeya region, located in modern-day Pakistan. Kakan Rajputs predominantly belong to the Bhargav and Bhardwaj gotras, with Maa Durga as their Kuldevi. Kakan Rajputs of Azamgarh trace their origins to Raghuvanshi Kshatriyas, and claim to have defeated the Suris and expelled the aboriginal Bhars from their region.

Kshatriya
Kshatriya (Sanskrit: क्षत्रिय, romanized: Kṣatriya) (from Sanskrit kṣatra, "rule, authority"; also called Rajanya) is one of the four varnas (social orders) of Hindu society and is associated with the warrior aristocracy. The Sanskrit term kṣatriyaḥ is used in the context of later Vedic society wherein members were organised into four classes: brahmin, kshatriya, vaishya, and shudra.
Bats in the Belfry (novel)
Bats in the Belfry is a 1937 detective novel by E. C. R. Lorac, the pen name of the British writer Edith Caroline Rivett. It is the thirteenth in her long-running series featuring Chief Inspector MacDonald of Scotland Yard, a Golden Age detective who relies on standard police procedure to solve his cases. Lorac wrote it in the summer of 1936 while staying with her mother at Westward Ho! in North Devon. Originally published by Collins Crime Club, it was reissued in 2018 by the British Library Publishing as part of a group of crime novels from the Golden Age of Detective Fiction.

Reviewing it for the Times Literary Supplement, John Everard Gurdon noted "The plot is intricate and the characterisation sure, with one exception. To identify that exception would be to anticipate the solution." while a later review in A Catalogue of Crime described it as "An early Lorac and a disappointment".

North Devon
North Devon is a local government district in Devon, England. Its council is based just outside Barnstaple, the district's largest town. The district also includes the towns of Ilfracombe, Lynton and Lynmouth and South Molton along with numerous villages, seaside resorts and surrounding rural areas.

The east of the district includes part of the Exmoor National Park, and the district's coast is also recognised for its natural beauty, forming part of the North Devon Coast, an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

The district borders Torridge to the south-west, Mid Devon to the south-east, and the neighbouring county of Somerset to the east.

The term "North Devon" can also be used to describe a wider geographic area than the local government district, often including neighbouring Torridge District, based in Bideford.
Rani Jamara Kulariya Irrigation Project
Rani Jamara Kulariya Irrigation Project is one of the National Pride Projects of Nepal located in Kailali district. The intake of the project is located in Chisapani in the Karnali River. The project has an incremental history with multiple phases. The first initiation was done in 1953BS by Rani Padam Kumari Shah with a command area of 4,000 ha which was named Rani kulo pranali. The command area was increased by 3700 ha in 1960 BS by Dhundi Raj Sahi that was named Jamara kulo pranali. In 1972BS, 3300 ha was added by Madhu Mahato with name of Kulriya kulo pranali. The project was included National Pride Project in 2066 BS. with an aim to develop canal system to cover a command area of 20,300 ha. along with the construction of an agricultural road.

The project is funded by the Nepal Government and the World Bank.
The project is scheduled to be completed in 2023.

Kailali District
Kailali District (Nepali: कैलाली जिल्लाListenⓘ), a part of Sudurpashchim Province in Terai plain, is one of the seventy-seven districts of Nepal. The district, with Dhangadhi as its district headquarters, covers an area of 3,235 square kilometres (1,249 sq mi) and has a population of 911,155 (2021 census) and (775,709 in 2011 census), (616,697 in 2001 census).

Before the reunification of Nepal by Gorkha King Prithivi Narayan Shah, this district was part of the Doti Kingdom. Nepal lost it to the East India Company after the Anglo-Nepalese war (1814-1816) between the then Kingdom of Nepal and the East India Company followed by territorial concessions under the Sugauli Treaty. Later on after the treaty of 1860, Nepal recovered this land along with Kanchanpur, Banke and Bardiya.
1980 United States House of Representatives elections in New Mexico
The 1980 United States House of Representatives election in New Mexico was held on Tuesday November 4, 1980 to elect the state's two representatives to serve in the 97th United States Congress. Primary elections were held on June 3, 1980.

Republicans held on to the 1st District and flipped the 2nd district. This was the first time republicans held both districts in New Mexico since 1968.

New Mexico's 2nd congressional district
New Mexico's 2nd congressional district serves the southern half of New Mexico, including Las Cruces, and the southern fourth of Albuquerque. It is currently represented by Democrat Gabe Vasquez.

The district was one of 13 congressional districts that voted for Donald Trump in the 2024 presidential election while simultaneously electing a Democrat in the 2024 House of Representatives elections.
Tono to Issho
Tono to Issho (Japanese: 殿といっしょ; lit. "My Lord and Me") is a Japanese 4-panel gag manga written and illustrated by Ohba-Kai. Tono to Issho parodies several historical figures from Japan's Sengoku period (Warring States Era). Tono to Issho was adapted into two anime television series and two original video animations.

Yonkoma
Yonkoma manga (4コマ漫画; "four cell manga" or 4-koma for short) is a comic strip format that generally consists of gag comic strips within four panels of equal size, following a structure known as kishōtenketsu.
Steve Wettenhall
Stephen Peter Arthur Wettenhall (born 15 February 1963) was the Labor Member of the Parliament of Queensland for Barron River. He was first elected in the 2006 Queensland state election, and was defeated in the 2012 state election.

2006 Queensland state election
An election was held in the Australian state of Queensland on 9 September 2006 to elect the 89 members of the state's Legislative Assembly, after being announced by Premier Peter Beattie on 15 August 2006.

The election saw the incumbent Labor government led by Premier Peter Beattie defeat the National-Liberal Coalition led by Lawrence Springborg and Bruce Flegg respectively, and gain a fourth consecutive term in office. Beattie thus became the first Labor Premier of Queensland to win four consecutive elections since William Forgan Smith did so in the 1930s. Had Beattie served out his fourth term, he would have become the second-longest serving Queensland Premier, after Sir Joh Bjelke-Petersen. After the election, Springborg resigned as Opposition Leader, being replaced by Jeff Seeney.

This was the last election contested by the Queensland Liberal Party and National Party, who merged to form the Liberal National Party of Queensland on 26 July 2008.
Jimmy Ma
Jimmy Ma (born October 11, 1995) is an American figure skater. He is the 2025 Four Continents bronze medalist and a three-time ISU Challenger Series bronze medalist. Ma has competed in twelve senior U.S. national championships, achieving his highest result, fifth, in 2023 and 2025.

At the junior level, Ma is a two-time U.S. junior national medalist (bronze in 2014, pewter in 2013)

ISU Challenger Series
The ISU Challenger Series is a series of ten international figure skating competitions sanctioned by the International Skating Union (ISU) and organized by ISU member nations. The series was introduced in 2014; its stated goal is to provide consistent organization and structure within a series of international competitions, as well as opportunities for senior-level skaters to compete at the international level while also earning World Standing points. The Nebelhorn Trophy, the Nepela Memorial, and the Golden Spin of Zagreb have been regular competitions in the series since the beginning, as was the Finlandia Trophy until 2024. Skaters and teams are eligible to compete in up to three Challenger Series events each season, and their top two scores are combined to calculate their total Challenger Series scores.
Journal of Law, Economics, and Policy
The Journal of Law, Economics & Policy is an independent, peer-edited law journal run by students at the Antonin Scalia Law School of George Mason University. Founded in 2002, the journal covers the eponymous fields of law, economics, and policy. The journal usually publishes two to four issues per year, with one of those issues dedicated to annual symposia and one issue dedicated to student submissions. The journal accepts manuscripts throughout the year on its Scholastica website. The Journal is the first student-run journal of law and economics in legal academia.

The journal is cited widely throughout state and federal courts, including notably in an opinion by D.C. Circuit U.S. federal judge Neomi Rao in District of Columbia v. Exxon Mobil Corp. It also holds symposia regularly on relevant legal challenges.

Academic conference
An academic conference or scientific conference (also congress, symposium, workshop, or meeting) is an event for researchers (not necessarily academics) to present and discuss their scholarly work. Together with academic or scientific journals and preprint archives, conferences provide an important channel for exchange of information between researchers. Further benefits of participating in academic conferences include learning effects in terms of presentation skills and "academic habitus", receiving feedback from peers for one's own research, the possibility to engage in informal communication with peers about work opportunities and collaborations, and getting an overview of current research in one or more disciplines.

The first international academic conferences and congresses appeared in 19th century.
Antoine de Roquelaure
Antoine de Roquelaure (Antòni de Ròcalaura in Occitan), lord of Roquelaure, Gaudoux, Sainte-Christie, Mirepoix, Montbert, Baron of Lavardens and Biran (1544 – Lectoure, 1625) was an important sixteenth-century French statesman and close collaborator of Henry IV. He was made marshal of France in 1614 by Louis XIII.

Lavardens
Lavardens (French pronunciation: [lavaʁdɛ̃s]; Gascon Lavardens) is a commune in the Gers department in southwestern France. It is a member of Les Plus Beaux Villages de France (The Most Beautiful Villages of France) Association.
Sant' Angelo Roman bridge
Sant' Angelo Roman bridge, also known as Hannibal's Bridge (Italian: Ponte Annibale), or Ponte sul Savuto, is an ancient Roman bridge near the village of Scigliano, Italy. It was built from 131 to 121 BC as part of the Via Popilia, which led from Reggio Calabria to Capua, to cross the river Savuto.

It was built in two arches with stone from a nearby quarry. It has a width of 3.45 m, height of 11 m and length of about 25 m.

The bridge is thought to have been destroyed by the Romans themselves during Carthaginian commander Hannibal's campaign against Rome in the Second Punic War, to stop his escape towards his ships at sea. It was rebuilt with the same building material and in the same form by Hannibal for the passage of his army.

It is one of the oldest bridges in Italy together with the Pons Fabricius on the Tiber island (69 BC) and the Pons Aemilius (179 BC).

Scigliano
Scigliano (Italian pronunciation: [ʃiʎˈʎaːno]) is a small town and comune (municipality) located in the hills in the province of Cosenza in the Calabria region of southern Italy. It is the birthplace of the 16th-century Italian humanist Giovanni Valentino Gentile.
Don McCauley
Donald Frederick McCauley Jr. (born May 12, 1949) is an American former professional football player who was a running back for the Baltimore Colts of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the North Carolina Tarheels from 1968 to 1970, during which time he was twice recognized as the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) player of the year. He was also consensus All-American in 1970 and finished ninth in voting for the Heisman Trophy.

Selected in the first round of the 1971 NFL draft, McCauley went on to have an 11-year NFL career with the Colts.

In 2001, McCauley was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame.

Baltimore Colts
The Baltimore Colts were a professional American football team based in Baltimore from 1953 to 1983, when its owner Robert Irsay moved the franchise to Indianapolis. The team was named for Baltimore's history of horse breeding and racing. It was the second incarnation of the Baltimore Colts, the first having played for three years in the All-America Football Conference and one in the National Football League (NFL). The Baltimore Colts played their home games at Memorial Stadium.
Ikot Ukpong
Ikot Ukpong is a village in Okon development ward II of Eket local government area, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Ikot Ukpong means "Family of Ukpong" or "People of Ukpong". Ikot Ukpong is made up of different settler-families and descendants of the founder of the village. The deity of Ikot Ukpong was called "Ukpong Idem", meaning "spirit body". Other deities traditionally recognised by the village were Ekpo (ancestors) and Ndem Ikpa Isong (spirits of the land). Their primary language is Ibibio despite their affinity with Ekid people of Eket. Ikot Ukpong is occupied by the Ibibio people.

Ikot Ukpong is among the areas that were affected by the Atlantic slave trade of the sixteenth to nineteenth century.

Century
A century is a period of 100 years or 10 decades. Centuries are numbered ordinally in English and many other languages. The word century comes from the Latin centum, meaning one hundred.  Century is sometimes abbreviated as c.

A centennial or centenary is a hundredth anniversary, or a celebration of this, typically the remembrance of an event which took place a hundred years earlier.
SS Aden (1891)
SS Aden was a P&O cargo ship that was built in England in 1892.  She was wrecked in the Indian Ocean in 1897, with the loss of 78 lives. She was the second of three P&O steamships to be named after the British Aden Colony. The first was launched in 1856 as Delta, completed as Aden, and hulked in 1875. The third was launched in 1946 as Somerset, renamed Aden in 1954, and scrapped in 1967.

P&O
P&O (in full,  The Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company) was a British shipping and logistics company dating from the early 19th century. Formerly a public company, it was sold to DP World in March 2006 for £3.9 billion. DP World currently operates several P&O branded businesses, P&O Ferries, Istithmar P&O Estates, and P&O Maritime Logistics. It also operates P&O Heritage, which is the official historic archive and collection of P&O.

P&O Cruises was sold in 2000, and is now owned and operated by Carnival Corporation & plc, although the trademark for "P&O Cruises" is still held by the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company and used under licence. The former shipping business, P&O Nedlloyd, was bought by and is now part of Maersk Line.
South Australian Living Artists Festival
The South Australian Living Artists Festival (SALA, or SALA Festival) is a statewide, open-access visual arts festival which takes place throughout August in South Australia each year.

The SALA features a range of approximately 600 venues including galleries and non-traditional spaces such as cafes, bookshops, and cemeteries which exhibit all forms of visual arts.

JamFactory
JamFactory (formerly spelt Jam Factory) is a not-for-profit arts organisation which includes training facilities, galleries and shops, located in the West End precinct of Adelaide and on the Seppeltsfield Estate in the Barossa Valley, north of Adelaide. It is supported by the South Australian Government, University of South Australia, and private donors. It was founded in 1973 in an old jam factory in the suburb of St Peters. It runs training courses and specialises in high quality craft and design objects, including furniture, jewellery, ceramics, glass, and metal ware.
Nagaur
Nagaur (also Nagor and Nagore) is a city and municipal council in Nagaur district of the state of Rajasthan in India. It is the administrative headquarters of Nagaur District. The Nagaur city lies about midway between Jodhpur and Bikaner. Nagaur district is located in central region of Rajasthan.

Jats
The Jat people (Hindi: [dʒaːʈ], Punjabi: [dʒəʈː]), also spelt Jaat and Jatt, are a traditionally agricultural caste in Northern India and Pakistan. Originally pastoralists in the lower Indus river-valley of Sindh, many Jats migrated north into the Punjab region in late medieval times, and subsequently into the Delhi Territory, northeastern Rajputana, and the western Gangetic Plain in the 17th and 18th centuries. Of Hindu, Muslim and Sikh faiths, they are now found mostly in the Indian states of Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan and the Pakistani regions of Sindh, Punjab and AJK.

By the 20th century, the landowning Jats became an influential group in several parts of North India, including Punjab, Western Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Haryana and Delhi. Over the years, several Jats abandoned agriculture in favour of urban jobs, and used their dominant economic and political status to claim higher social status.