hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gustav Schwartz
Gustav Schwartz (his last name also spelled Schwarz), full name Gustav Franziskus Maria Schwarz von Mohrenstern (May 5, 1809 – June 15, 1890) was an Austrian paleontologist and malacologist. He was born in Himberg, the son of Johann Jakov Schwartz von Mohrenstern. He died by suicide in Vienna.

He studied the natural sciences from 1823 to 1828 at polytechnic school, an Austrian career preparatory high school system in the Austrian education system. In later life, he specialized in the study of the Rissoidae, a large and challenging family of very small marine gastropod mollusks. His unfinished thesis was on the rissoid genus Alvania.

In 1867, Schwartz was a correspondent of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.

Himberg
Himberg bei Wien (German pronunciation: [ˈhɪmˌbeɐk] ⓘ) is a municipality in the district of Bruck an der Leitha in the Austrian state of Lower Austria.

It belonged to Wien-Umgebung District which was dissolved in 2016.

It used to be a holding of the Heyperger family.
John Hunter (performer)
John Hunter was a New Zealand performer, best known as a star female impersonator with the Kiwis Revue which performed in New Zealand and Australia in the 1940s and 1950s. In the Kiwis revues, he notably performed two-hander scenes from Noel Coward's Private Lives and Bitter Sweet playing both male and female roles.

He travelled to London in 1950 to study ballet, although rejoined the Kiwis in Australia by 1951. Hunter performed in the mid to late 1950s with the New Zealand Players including as Puck in A Midsummer Night's Dream in 1954. He also played The Jester in the 1959 Australian production of Once Upon a Mattress at the Princess Theatre in Melbourne.

New Zealand Players
The New Zealand Players were one of New Zealand's first professional theatre companies, active between 1952 and 1960. The company's director was Richard Campion, who with his wife and co-founder Edith Campion were former members of the New Zealand branch of the Unity Theatre people's theatre movement. Edith was a member of the Hannah family, and the company was funded by the Hannah Trust.

Other members of the company included Raymond Hawthorne, Nola Millar, Nyree Dawn Porter, Barbara Leake, Roy Bonnell, George Swan, Molly Parton, Rosalie Carey, Thane Bettany, Raymond Boyce and Louise Petherbridge.
Château de Chamirey
Château de Chamirey is a wine producer in the town of Mercurey, in Burgundy, France, that produces white and red wine. They are best known for their Monopole wines, the Les Ruelles 1er cru red and the La Mission 1er cru white. The estate holds 37.7 hectares (93 acres) in Mercurey. 8.55 hectares (21.1 acres) of the estate's holdings are premier cru, of which 3.3 hectares (8.2 acres) are monopole vineyards

Monopole (wine)
A monopole (from French 'monopole') is an area controlled by a single winery (wine company) and can be as small as a named vineyard (lieu-dit) or as large as an entire appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC). Frequently this is mentioned on the label as it is rare for only one winery to produce all the wine from an area entitled to a certain name. Each wine is sold by only one company.

The Napoleonic inheritance laws typically caused vineyards to be so finely divided among inheritors – down to even a single row of vines – that négociants are needed to bottle commercial quantities of a wine. Whether a monopole indicates a wine of unusual quality or not is a matter of debate.
Johanne Paradis
Johanne Catherine Paradis is a language scientist and expert on bilingual language development. She is Professor of Linguistics and adjunct professor of Communication Sciences and Disorders at the University of Alberta, where she directs the Language Acquisition Lab and the Child English Second Language (CHESL) Center.

Paradis is the Editor in Chief of the Journal of Child Language and has served on the editorial board of the Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research. She co-authored (with Fred Genesee and Martha Crago) the book Dual Language Development & Disorders: A Handbook on Bilingualism & Second Language Learning. Additionally, she served as editor of the volume Input and Experience in Bilingual Development and co-editor of The Acquisition of French in Different Contexts: Focus on Functional Categories.

Paradis was awarded the 2017 Faculty of Arts Research Excellence Award by the University of Alberta in recognition of her outstanding contributions to research.

Journal of Child Language
The Journal of Child Language is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal covering all aspects of the study of language behavior in children, the principles which underlie it, and the theories which may account for it. This includes various aspects of linguistics such as phonology, phonetics, morphology, syntax, vocabulary, semantics, pragmatics, and sociolinguistics. Its editors-in-chief are Elma Blom (Utrecht University) and Melanie Soderstrom (University of Manitoba). It was established in 1974 with David Crystal (Bangor University) as its founding editor. The journal is published by Cambridge University Press and is fully open access. It is the official journal of the International Association for the Study of Child Language.
Shah-Do Shamshira Mosque
The Shah-Do Shamshira Mosque (Persian: مسجد شاه دوشمشیره, Pashto: شاه دوشمشېره جومات, lit. 'Mosque of the King of Two Swords'), is a yellow two-story mosque in Kabul, Afghanistan. The mosque is situated in District 2, on Andarabi Road, just off the Kabul River and the Shah-Do Shamshira bridge in the center of the city. It was built during the reign of Amanullah Khan (1919–1929).

The mosque was modelled after the Ortaköy Mosque in Istanbul, Turkey. The design of the mosque is quite unusual for Islamic religious architecture and its Italian decorative stucco creates an interesting effect that some describe as ‘Afghan Baroque’.

Kabul River
The Kabul River (Pashto: د کابل سیند, romanized: Də Kābəl Sind; Dari: دریای کابل, romanized: Daryā-yi Kābul), anciently known as the Kubha (Sanskrit: कुभा, romanized: Kubhā) and Cophen (Ancient Greek: Κωφήν, romanized: Kōphḗn; /ˈkoʊfeɪn/), is a 700-kilometre-long (430 mi) river that emerges in the Sanglakh Range of the Hindu Kush mountains in the northeastern part of Maidan Wardak Province, Afghanistan. It is separated from the watershed of the Helmand River by the Unai Pass. The Kabul River empties into the Indus River near Attock, Pakistan. It is the main river in eastern Afghanistan and the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.
Microlarinus lypriformis
Microlarinus lypriformis is a species of weevil in the family Curculionidae. It lays eggs in the stems of the puncturevine, Tribulus terrestris, and the larvae feed on the pith of the plant. After pupation, the adult emerges through holes bored in plant.  Along with the seed-feeding Microlarinus lareynii it has been introduced as a biological control agent in the United States of America and Canada against Tribulus terrestris.

Curculionidae
The Curculionidae are a family of weevils, commonly called snout beetles or true weevils. They are one of the largest animal families with 6,800 genera and 83,000 species described worldwide. They are the sister group to the family Brentidae.

They include the bark beetles as the subfamily Scolytinae, which are modified  in shape in accordance with their wood-boring lifestyle. They do not much resemble other weevils, so they were traditionally considered a distinct family, Scolytidae. The family also includes the ambrosia beetles, of which the present-day subfamily Platypodinae was formerly considered the distinct family Platypodidae.
Shama Zaidi
Shama Zaidi (born 25 September 1938) is an Indian screenplay writer, costume designer, art director, theatre person, art critic, and documentary film maker. She is married to director M. S. Sathyu. Shama Zaidi Was Honored with Lifetime Achievement Award at ICA - International Cultural Artifact Film Festival in 2021.

Javed Siddiqi
Javed Siddiqi (born 1962) is a Canadian neurosurgeon. Siddiqi attended the University of Western Ontario, where he got an undergraduate degree in neurophysiology, later becoming a Rhodes scholar, getting a DPhill in International Relations at Christ Church, Oxford, before returning to the University of Western Ontario School of Medicine to acquire an M.D. Afterwards, he would go on to do a skull base and vascular fellowship under Dr. Gazi Yaşargil at the University of Arkansas. In 1996 Siddiqi moved to the Inland Empire to being practice at Arrowhead Regional Medical Center. Siddiqi currently serves as the Chair of Surgery/Neurosurgery at the California University of Science and Medicine. Siddiqi is the founder, and editor-in-chief of the medical journal "Contemporary Reviews in Neurology and Neurosurgery".
Wilderness Foundation UK
The Wilderness Foundation UK is a British charity focused on promoting environmental conservation and environmental education. It operates initiatives such as community allotments, school visits, extra-curricular programs, and nature therapy. The charity collaborates with vulnerable young people and adults, bringing thousands of people into contact with nature each year. It is part of Wilderness Foundation Global, a group of organisations that does similar conservation work in different parts of the world.

One of the seven charities nominated by Prince Harry and Meghan Markle to receive donations in lieu of wedding presents when the couple married on 19 May 2018, Prince Harry visited the charity's headquarters at Chatham Green, near Chelmsford, Essex, a year earlier in 2017 when he engaged with students during a survival course.

Charity (practice)
Charity is the voluntary provision of assistance to those in need. It serves as a humanitarian act, and is unmotivated by self-interest. Various philosophical views about charity exist, which are often associated with religion.
Dear Mother...Love Albert
Dear Mother...Love Albert (later retitled Albert!) is a British television sitcom that aired on ITV from 15 September 1969 to 6 June 1972. It was created by and starred Rodney Bewes. Bewes co-wrote and produced the series with Derrick Goodwin. The show regularly appeared in the TV ratings top ten throughout its three-year run.

The theme song was sung by Bewes, co-written by Mike Hugg. Hugg had also encouraged Bewes to sing the theme to The Likely Lads, but Bewes recalls "I think I drank a bottle of port in the end, but I couldn't get it".

There were 26 episodes, including three Christmas specials, all three broadcast as part of All Star Comedy Carnival. The fourth and final series was broadcast as a sequel entitled Albert!, which ran for a further series of seven episodes. Series 1 was produced by Thames Television, while the subsequent series 2-4 were produced by Yorkshire Television.

Mike Hugg
Michael John Hugg (born 11 August 1940) is a British musician who was a founding member of the 1960s group Manfred Mann, and co-founder of the psychedelic jazz-fusion group, Manfred Mann Chapter Three. He is known for his creativity in his music, and made jingles for advertisements.
Deno (software)
Free and open-source software portal

Deno (/diːnoʊ/) is a runtime for JavaScript, TypeScript, and WebAssembly that is based on the V8 JavaScript engine and the Rust programming language. Deno was co-created by Ryan Dahl, the creator of Node.js, and Bert Belder.

Deno explicitly takes on the role of both runtime and package manager within a single executable, rather than requiring a separate package-management program.

Protocol Buffers
Protocol Buffers (Protobuf) is a free and open-source cross-platform data format used to serialize structured data. It is useful in developing programs that communicate with each other over a network or for storing data.  The method involves an interface description language that describes the structure of some data and a program that generates source code from that description for generating or parsing a stream of bytes that represents the structured data.
Tri-City Pavilions
Tri-City Pavilions, formerly Tri-City Mall, is a shopping mall in Mesa, Arizona, United States. It was developed in 1968 as an enclosed shopping mall featuring Diamond's and JCPenney as the anchor stores. The mall underwent a period of decline following the opening of Fiesta Mall in 1979, particularly after Diamond's consolidated with its store in that mall in 1984. Despite a mall-wide renovation completed in 1985 and the addition of new tenants such as ZCMI and Bealls, Tri-City Mall continued to diminish throughout the 1990s, with JCPenney closing in 1998. The mall was demolished in 1999 in favor of a strip mall anchored by Safeway Inc., although the former JCPenney building remained until 2006. Tri-City Pavilions is owned and managed by Lamar Companies.

Bealls (Texas-based department store)
Bealls /ˈbɛlz/ was a Texan chain of department stores, owned by Stage Stores Inc. and headquartered in Houston, Texas. 
The store specialized in retailing desirable brand name apparel, accessories, cosmetics, footwear, and housewares.

On May 11, 2020, it was announced that Stage had filed for bankruptcy and they soon began liquidating all locations.

The chain overlapped with the Florida-based Bealls chain, although the two were not related. In markets where the two chains overlapped, the Florida chain operates as Burkes Outlet instead. However in October 2020 Stage sold its intellectual property, including the national rights to use the Bealls name, to the Florida-based Bealls chain.
Battle of Sufiyan
The Battle of Sufiyan (Persian: نبرد صوفيان) took place on 6 November 1605, during the Ottoman–Safavid War of 1603–1618. The Safavids, under King (Shah) Abbas I (r. 1588–1629), beat a numerically superior, fully-fledged Ottoman army. It was one of King Abbas I's greatest military victories. According to Colin Imber: "For the Ottomans the battle of Sufiyan was a greater disaster than anything they had experienced in Hungary, where the war which had begun in 1593 had revealed Ottoman military deficiencies in the face of new European weapons and tactics."

Shah
Shāh (/ʃɑː/; Persian: شاه [ˈʃaːɦ] ⓘ) is a royal title meaning 'king' in Persian. Though chiefly associated with the monarchs of Iran, it was also used to refer to the leaders of numerous Persianate societies, such as the Ottoman Empire, the Khanate of Bukhara and the Emirate of Bukhara, the Mughal Empire, the Bengal Sultanate, and various Afghan dynasties, as well as among Gurkhas. With regard to Iranian history, in particular, each ruling monarch was not seen simply as the head of the concurrent dynasty and state, but as the successor to a long line of royalty beginning with the original Persian Empire of Cyrus the Great. To this end, he was more emphatically known as the Shāhanshāh (شاهنشاه, šāhanšāh, 'king of kings' [ˌʃaːhanˈʃaːɦ]), since the Achaemenid dynasty. A roughly equivalent title is Pādishāh (پادشاه, pādišāh, pādšāh, 'master king'), which was most widespread during the Muslim period in the Indian subcontinent.
The Book of Renfield
The Book of Renfield: A Gospel of Dracula is a 2005 novel written by Tim Lucas. It is the first of the mashup horror-themed novels that rose to commercial prominence later in the decade. It is an unofficial prequel to Bram Stoker's Dracula. Like the original novel, Renfield is an epistolary novel written in series of written documents. It focuses mainly on Renfield, mostly remembered for his minor role in Dracula as a lunatic that ate flies, rodents and other animals, and Dr. John Seward, the administrator of an insane asylum who is trying to understand Renfield's psychosis.

Lunatic asylum
The lunatic asylum, insane asylum or mental asylum was an institution where people with mental illness were confined. It was an early precursor of the modern psychiatric hospital.

Modern psychiatric hospitals evolved from and eventually replaced the older lunatic asylum. The treatment of inmates in early lunatic asylums was sometimes brutal and focused on containment and restraint. The discovery of anti-psychotic drugs and mood-stabilizing drugs resulted in a shift in focus from containment in lunatic asylums to treatment in psychiatric hospitals. Later, there was further and more thorough critique in the form of the deinstitutionalization movement which focuses on treatment at home or in less isolated institutions.

Whilst it was used in the past, modern and more humane areas have been developed as opposed to the unorthodox methods of isolation and questionable therapies used in Lunatic (insane) asylum(s).
Hoosier Prairie State Nature Preserve
Hoosier Prairie is a unit of Indiana Dunes National Park in Lake County, Indiana. It began in the 1970s as wasteland that the Hoosier Prairie Committee founded by Irene Herlocker-Meyer found of unique interest.  From a core of 304 acres (123 ha), it has grown to 1,547 acres (626 ha) of important prairie habitat.  The area was designated a National Natural Landmark in 1974  and a State Nature Preserve in 1977  The sandy soil creates a variety of habitats, from oak barrens, wet prairie, including sedge meadows and prairie marshes.  More than 350 native species of vascular plants have been identified.  A minimum of 43 species are uncommon in the State of Indiana.

Hydrosere
A hydrosere is a plant succession which occurs in an area of fresh water such as in oxbow lakes and kettle lakes. In time, an area of open freshwater will naturally dry out, ultimately becoming woodland. During this change, a range of different landtypes such as swamp and marsh will succeed each other.

The succession from open water to climax woodland takes centuries or millennia. Some intermediate stages will last a shorter time than others. For example, swamp may change to marsh within a decade or less. How long it takes will depend largely on the amount of siltation occurring in the area of open water.
1998 IAAF World Cross Country Championships – Junior women's race
The Junior women's race at the 1998 IAAF World Cross Country Championships was held in Marrakech, Morocco, at the Menara district on March 21, 1998.  Reports on the event were given in The New York Times, in the Herald, and for the IAAF.

Complete results for individuals, for teams, medallists, and the results of British athletes were published.

Menara Gardens
The Menara Gardens (Arabic: حدائق المنارة) are a historic public garden and orchard in Marrakesh, Morocco. They were established in the 12th century (circa 1157) by the Almohad Caliphate ruler Abd al-Mu'min. Along with the Agdal Gardens and the historic walled city of Marrakesh, the gardens have been listed as UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1985. The gardens are laid out around a central water basin and reservoir, next to which is a pleasure pavilion dating in its current form from the 19th century. The reservoir and its pavilion, often framed in pictures against the background of the High Atlas Mountains to the south, are considered one of the iconic views and symbols of Marrakesh.: 282
Salva, Bistrița-Năsăud
Salva (Hungarian: Szálva, German: Salwa) is a commune in Bistrița-Năsăud County, Transylvania, Romania. It is composed of a single village, Salva, and included the village of Runcu Salvei until the it was split off to form a separate commune in 2005.

It is a relatively important local railway junction on the line to Sighetu Marmației and line to Vatra Dornei and Suceava.

Sighetu Marmației
Sighetu Marmației (Romanian pronunciation: [ˌsiɡetu marˈmat͡si.ej], also spelled Sighetul Marmației; German: Marmaroschsiget or Siget; Hungarian: Máramarossziget, Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈmaːrɒmɒroʃsiɡɛt] ⓘ; Ukrainian: Сигіт, romanized: Syhit; Yiddish: סיגעט, romanized: Siget), until 1960 Sighet, is a city in Maramureș County near the Iza River, in northwestern Romania.
Berry baronets
There have been three Berry baronetcies, all in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom.

Berry baronets of Catton, Yorkshire (1806): see Edward Berry

Berry baronets of Hackwood Park, Hampshire (1921): see Viscount Camrose

Berry baronets of Farnham Royal (1928): see  Viscount Kemsley

Edward Berry
Rear-Admiral of the Red Sir Edward Berry, 1st Baronet, KCB (17 April 1768 – 13 February 1831) was a Royal Navy officer who served in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. He is best known for his role as flag captain of Horatio Nelson at the Battle of the Nile in 1798. Berry enjoyed a long and prestigious naval career and commanded HMS Agamemnon at the Battle of Trafalgar.
Nythamar de Oliveira
Nythamar de Oliveira (born 22 October 1960) is a Brazilian philosopher, theologian, and university teacher. Born in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, he is full professor at the School of Humanities of the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, in Porto Alegre.

Željko Loparić
Željko Loparić (born 3 December 1939) is a Yugoslav-born Brazilian philosopher, historian of philosophy and university teacher. Born in modern-day Croatia, he is a naturalized Brazilian, and professor at the University of Campinas.
Cyrtomium fortunei
Cyrtomium fortunei, also known by its common name Fortune's holly-fern, is a species from the genus Cyrtomium. This plant was first described by John Smith. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

John Smith (botanist)
John Smith (1798–1888) was a British botanist who was the first curator at Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (Kew Gardens), starting in 1841. He had first been employed at the gardens as a stove boy (stoking stoves to warm the greenhouses) in 1822. Along with the directors, Sir William Jackson Hooker and Sir Joseph Hooker, he oversaw the conversion of the gardens from private royal gardens to public gardens when Queen Victoria converted them, possibly saving them from oblivion. He further prevented the gardens from catastrophic decline during the late 19th century when they were neglected in funding priorities. According to the Kew website, "It is significant that when stove-boy-Smith arrived at Kew, 40 species of fern were grown but when Curator Smith retired, there were 1,084."

He was born in Pittenweem, Scotland, in 1798. He died 12 February 1888 at Park House, Kew Road, and is buried at St Anne's Church.
1903 Louisiana Industrial football team
The 1903 Louisiana Industrial football team was an American football team that represented the Louisiana Industrial Institute (now known as Louisiana Tech University) as an independent during the 1903 college football season. In their first and only year under head coach W. M. Robb, the team compiled a 1–1 record.

1903 college football season
The 1903 college football season had no clear-cut champion, with the Official NCAA Division I Football Records Book listing Michigan and Princeton as having been selected national champions.

The season took place during an era when college football was rapidly growing in popularity, with new concrete stadiums and large crowds, but also widespread concern over injuries and the violent style of play.
Michael F. Brennan
Michael F. Brennan (born 1953) is an American politician who formerly served as the 87th Mayor of Portland, Maine. Brennan, a Democrat, served as State Senator from 2002 to 2006 and Senate Majority Leader and a 2008 Democratic candidate for Maine's 1st congressional district.  On May 15, 2011 Brennan announced his candidacy in the Portland, Maine mayoral election. On November 9, Brennan won the 15-candidate contest and became the first directly-elected mayor of Portland since 1923.

Maine's 1st congressional district
Maine's 1st congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Maine. The geographically smaller of the state's two congressional districts, the district covers the southern coastal area of the state. The district consists of all of Cumberland, Knox, Lincoln, Sagadahoc, and York counties, and most of Kennebec County. Located within the district are the cities of Portland, Brunswick, and Saco. The district is currently represented by Democrat Chellie Pingree.