hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Publius Cornelius Dolabella (consul 44 BC)
Publius Cornelius Dolabella (c. 85/69 – 43 BC, also known by his adoptive name Lentulus) was a Roman politician and general under the dictator Julius Caesar. He was by far the most important of the patrician Cornelii Dolabellae but he arranged for himself to be adopted into the plebeian Cornelii Lentuli so that he could become a plebeian tribune. He married Cicero's daughter, Tullia, although he frequently engaged in extramarital affairs. Throughout his life he was an extreme profligate, something that Plutarch wrote reflected ill upon his patron Julius Caesar.

Spendthrift
A spendthrift (also profligate or prodigal) is someone who is extravagant and recklessly wasteful with money, often to a point where the spending climbs well beyond their means. Spendthrift derives from an obsolete sense of the word thrift to mean prosperity  rather than frugality, so a "spendthrift" is one who has spent their prosperity.

Historical figures who have been characterised as spendthrifts include George IV of the United Kingdom, King Ludwig II of Bavaria, and Marie Antoinette the Queen of France.

The term is often used by news media as an adjective applied to governments who are thought to be wasting public money.
Abirached
Abirached is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Raya Abirached (born 1977), Lebanese television presenter and celebrity journalist

Robert Abirached (1930–2021), French writer and theatrologist

Zeina Abirached (born 1981), Lebanese illustrator, graphic novelist, and comic artist

Zeina Abirached
Zeina Abirached (born 1981 in Beirut, Lebanon) is a Lebanese illustrator, graphic novelist and comic artist. She studied at the Académie Libanaise des Beaux-Arts ALBA and the École nationale supérieure des arts décoratifs. Her books are based on autobiographic narratives related to her childhood within the Lebanese Civil War and on the history of her family, including the story of her grandfather who invented a new kind of piano.
2012–13 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating
The 2012–13 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating was a series of senior international figure skating competitions in the 2012–13 season. Skaters competed in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing. Skaters earned points based on their placement at each event and the top six in each discipline qualified to compete at the Grand Prix Final, held in Sochi, Russia.

Organized by the International Skating Union, the Grand Prix series ran from October 13 – December 9, 2012. Skaters competed for medals, prize money, and a chance to compete in the Grand Prix Final. The series set the stage for the 2013 European, Four Continents, and World Championships, as well as each country's national championships.

The corresponding series for junior-level skaters was the 2012–13 ISU Junior Grand Prix.

Mary Beth Marley
Mary Beth Marley (born May 19, 1995) is an American pair skater. With former partner Rockne Brubaker, she is the 2012 Four Continents bronze medalist and 2012 U.S. silver medalist. Previously, Marley competed in single skating and became the 2009 U.S. novice silver medalist.
William de Beauchamp (of Elmley)
William de Beauchamp (c. 1105–c. 1170) was an Anglo-Norman baron and hereditary sheriff.

He was born in Elmley Castle, Worcestershire, the son of Walter de Beauchamp, who had been made hereditary Sheriff of Worcestershire after the feudal barony of Salwarpe in Worcestershire had been confiscated from his uncle Roger d'Abetot. He served in this capacity from the death of his father in 1130 until his own death around 1170. He also served as sheriff for three other counties, Warwickshire (1157), Gloucestershire (1157–1163) and Herefordshire (1160–1169).

He died in 1170 and was buried in Worcester. He was succeeded by his son William, the eldest of his six children, who inherited the Worcestershire shrievalty in turn. After William's death in 1211, second son Walter inherited.

Salwarpe
Salwarpe is a small village and civil parish in the Wychavon district of Worcestershire, England, less than two miles south west of Droitwich, but in open country. The name is also spelled Salwarp, and in the time of John Leland was recorded as Salop. Since 2003, Salwarpe has shared a parish council with Hindlip and Martin Hussingtree.
Bni Oual
Bni Oual is a small town and rural commune in Sidi Kacem Province, Rabat-Salé-Kénitra, Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 8480 people living in 1328 households.

Sidi Kacem Province
Sidi Kacem (Arabic: سيدي قاسم) is a province in the Moroccan economic region of Rabat-Salé-Kénitra. The capital is Sidi Kacem. The population of the province in 2004 was  489,422 and it recorded a population of 522,270 in the 2014 Moroccan census.

The major cities and towns are:

Ain Dorij

Dar Gueddari

Had Kourt

Jorf El Melha

Khenichet

Mechra Bel Ksiri

Sidi Kacem

Zirara
Saint-Clémentin
Saint-Clémentin is a former commune in the Deux-Sèvres department in Poitou-Charentes region in western France.

On 1 January 2013, Saint-Clémentin and Voultegon merged becoming one commune called Voulmentin.

Poitou-Charentes
Poitou-Charentes (French pronunciation: [pwatu ʃaʁɑ̃t] ⓘ;  Occitan: Peitau-Charantas; Poitevin-Saintongeais: Poetou-Chérentes) was an administrative region on the southwest coast of France. It comprised four departments: Charente, Charente-Maritime, Deux-Sèvres and Vienne. It included the historical provinces of Angoumois, Aunis, Saintonge and Poitou.

Poitiers was the regional capital. Other important cities were La Rochelle, Niort, Angoulême, Châtellerault, Saintes, Rochefort and Royan.

Poitou-Charentes was merged with Aquitaine and Limousin to form the new administrative region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine on 1 January 2016.
Condition index in fish
The condition index in fish is a way to measure the overall health of a fish by comparing its weight with the typical weight of other fish of the same kind and of the same length. The condition index is its actual weight divided by its expected weight, times 100%. A fish of normal weight has a condition index of 100 percent. So if a tarpon, for example, has a condition index of 104 percent, that would mean it is above the normal weight for an average tarpon of that length. If a tarpon has a condition index of 92 percent, that would mean that it is thinner, or below the normal weight of other tarpon that length. The condition index depends on how much a fish is eating compared to the energy it has to spend to live, migrate, reproduce, and do its other activities. The condition index for fish is a simple measurement that can be used to provide important biological information that can then be used to make better management decisions.

Tarpon
Tarpon are fish of the genus Megalops. They are the only extant members of the family Megalopidae. Of the two species, one (M. atlanticus) is native to the Atlantic, and the other (M. cyprinoides) to the Indo-Pacific Oceans.
Dana Adams Schmidt
Dana Adams Schmidt (September 6, 1915 - August 25, 1994) was an American journalist. From 1943 to 1972, he  was a correspondent for The New York Times covering Europe, North Africa and the Middle East. In 1963, he won the  George Polk Award for "the best reporting requiring exceptional courage and enterprise abroad" for a series on Kurdish rebels in Iraq.

George Polk Awards
The George Polk Awards in Journalism are a series of American journalism awards presented annually by Long Island University in New York in the United States. A writer for Idea Lab, a group blog hosted on the website of PBS, described the award as "one of only a couple of journalism prizes that means anything". The award is described as follows:

For 75 years, LIU has been the proud home of the George Polk Awards in Journalism, the first major award of its kind to recognize reporting across all media. This prestigious honor focuses on the intrepid, bold, and influential work of the reporters themselves, placing a premium on investigative work that is original, resourceful, and thought-provoking.
1985 West of England Championships
The 1985 West of England Championships, also known as the Bristol Open, was a men's tennis tournament played on grass courts that was part of the 1985 Nabisco Grand Prix circuit. It was played at Redland Green in Bristol, Great Britain from 17 to 24 June 1985. The semifinals and final could not be played on the outdoor grass courts due to persistent rain and were moved to an indoor court at David Lloyds Racket Club in Heston. Eighth-seeded Marty Davis won the singles final in front of just a handful of spectators and commented "I haven't really played in many finals, and I didn't really care if it had to be switched here or to the Falkand Islands, I was just delighted to win it".

David Lloyd (tennis)
David Alan Lloyd (born 3 January 1948) is an English former professional tennis player and entrepreneur. He founded the fitness and leisure business David Lloyd Leisure in 1982.

He was born in Leigh-on-Sea, Essex. He and his younger brother John Lloyd became two of the most successful British tennis players throughout the 1970s and 1980s. David captained the British Davis Cup team and was active in the Lawn Tennis Association.

For a short time he was chairman of Hull City A.F.C. and Hull FC. He also played a major part in making Tim Henman a world top 10 tennis player.
Surface Dust Analyser
The SUrface Dust Analyzer (SUDA) is a time-of-flight mass spectrometer of reflectron-type that employs impact ionization and is optimised for a high mass resolution. The instrument was selected in May 2015 to fly on board the Europa Clipper mission which was sent to Jupiter's moon Europa in October, 2024.

This instrument will measure the composition of small, solid particles ejected from Europa, providing the opportunity to directly sample the surface and potential plumes on low-altitude flybys. Europa's internal liquid water ocean has been identified as one of the locations in the Solar System that may offer habitable environments to microbial extraterrestrial life.

Reflectron
A reflectron (mass reflectron) is a type of time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOF MS) that comprises a pulsed ion source, field-free region,  ion mirror, and ion detector and uses a static or time dependent electric field in the ion mirror to reverse the direction of travel of the ions entering it.  Using the reflectron, one can substantially diminish a spread of flight times of the ions with the same mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) caused by spread in kinetic energy of these ions measured at the exit from the ion source.
Sodium vanadate
Sodium vanadate can refer to:

Sodium metavanadate (sodium trioxovanadate(V)), NaVO3

Sodium orthovanadate (sodium tetraoxovanadate(V)), Na3VO4

Sodium decavanadate, Na6V10O28

Barnesite, mineral of hydrous sodium vanadate

Sodium decavanadate
Sodium decavanadate describes any member of the family of inorganic compounds with the formula Na6[V10O28](H2O)n. These are sodium salts of the orange-colored decavanadate anion [V10O28]6−. Numerous other decavanadate salts have been isolated and studied since 1956 when it was first characterized.
Larry Bensky
Larry Bensky (May 1, 1937 – May 19, 2024) was an American literary and political journalist with experience in both print and broadcast media, as well as a teacher and political activist. He is known for his work with Pacifica Radio station KPFA-FM in Berkeley, California, and for the nationally-broadcast hearings he anchored for the Pacifica network.

A native of New York City, Bensky graduated from Stuyvesant High School in 1954 and, with departmental honors, from Yale University, where he was managing editor of the Yale Daily News.

Yale Daily News
The Yale Daily News is a student newspaper published by students at Yale University, an Ivy League university in New Haven, Connecticut, United States since 1878. It is the oldest independent college daily newspaper in the United States.
2022 Iowa Amendment 1
2022 Iowa Amendment 1 was an amendment to the 1857 Constitution of Iowa that passed on November 8, 2022, via a statewide referendum concurrent with other elections across the state. This amendment adds a provision to the constitution of Iowa declaring that there is a fundamental individual right to keep and bear arms and establishes that any state laws regarding guns "shall be subject to strict scrutiny".

Constitution of Iowa
The Constitution of Iowa is the highest body of state law in the U.S. state of Iowa. It establishes the structure and function of the state. Iowa's constitution is subordinate only to the U.S. Constitution and federal law.

The state's first constitution was created in 1844, but not ratified. The second constitution was created in 1846. The present-day document, which went into effect in 1857, is the state's third constitution. All 3 constitutions had conventions. It supersedes Iowa's 1846 constitution and has had numerous amendments since its initial adoption.
Lorenzo Olarte Cullen
Lorenzo Olarte Cullen (8 December 1932 – 2 February 2024) was a Canarian politician and lawyer. He was president of the Canary Islands autonomous region but served only three years of his four-year term.

Olarte Cullen was awarded the Gran Cruz de San Raimundo de Peñafort, the highest honor for a Spanish jurist, the Gran Cruz del Mérito Civil, created by the Spanish King Alfonso XIII, recognizes the services of Spanish and foreign citizens on behalf of Spain, the Gran Cruz del Mérito Militar, for his collaboration in the decolonization of the former Spanish Sahara, the Alfonso X el Sabio, for his contribution to the development of Education and the Gran Collar de las Islas Canarias, the highest honor in the Canary Islands.

After the ban on bullfighting in Catalonia, Olarte Cullen argued that the 1991 Canarian law of animal protection did not forbid bullfighting against what was being claimed.

Olarte Cullen died on 2 February 2024, at the age of 91.

Cross of Military Merit
The Cross of Military Merit (Spanish: Cruces del Mérito Militar) is Spain's military awards for gallantry or merit in war or peace and is awarded to members of the Spanish Armed Forces, Guardia Civil or civilians.
Knoxville NightHawks
The Knoxville NightHawks were a professional indoor football team based in Knoxville, Tennessee. The team was a member of the  Professional Indoor Football League (PIFL). The NightHawks joined the PIFL in 2012 as an expansion team. The NightHawks were the second indoor/arena football team based in Knoxville, following the Tennessee ThunderCats which played in the Indoor Professional Football League for the 2001 season before joining the National Indoor Football League where they played the 2002 and 2003 seasons (the latter of which they played as the Tennessee Riverhawks) before moving to Greenville, South Carolina. The Owner of the NightHawks was Southern Sports Entertainment, LLC. The NightHawks played their home games at the James White Civic Coliseum in Knoxville, Tennessee.

Expansion team
An expansion team is a new team in a sports league, usually from a city that has not hosted a team in that league before, formed with the intention of satisfying the demand for a local team from a population in a new area. Sporting leagues also hope that the expansion of their competition will grow the popularity of the sport generally. The term is most commonly used in reference to the North American major professional sports leagues but is applied to sports leagues in other countries with a closed franchise system of league membership. The term refers to the expansion of the sport into new areas. The addition of an expansion team sometimes results in the payment of an expansion fee to the league by the new team and an expansion draft to populate the new roster.
The Five Foundation
The Five Foundation is an organisation working towards the elimination of the practice of female genital mutilation (FGM). It was founded by Nimco Ali and Brendan Wynne. It was launched in September 2019 in New York and currently has signed-up partners which include Plan International, Action Aid, The ONE Campaign, Save The Children (UK), UN Women (UK) and Women for Women International.

In 2019, The Five Foundation advocated to have FGM included in the UK Children's Act. The Foundation has also been active in raising awareness of a case of a Kenyan doctor's attempts to legalise FGM, persuading Sudan to ban FGM in May 2020, working on a fatwa banning child marriage in June 2019, communicating how the Covid-19 pandemic has increased the risk of FGM, and being a central player in getting the US Stop FGM Act passed in January 2021.

The Five Foundation also advocates for increased funding for grassroots African women's organisations and on the need to end the medicalisation of FGM.

Women for Women International
Women for Women International (WfWI) is a nonprofit humanitarian organization that provides practical and moral support to female survivors of war. WfWI helps such women rebuild their lives after war's devastation through a year-long tiered program that begins with direct financial aid and emotional counseling and includes life skills (e.g., literacy, numeracy) training if necessary, rights awareness education, health education, job skills training and small business development.
Kaori Moriyama
Kaori Moriyama (森山 かおり, Moriyama Kaori; née Hachinohe Hachinohe (八戸); born 4 January 1964) is a retired Japanese judo wrestler.

Moriyama is from Hakodate, Hokkaidō and began judo at the age of a junior high school second grader.

When she was a student of Tokai University, she studied under former world champion, Nobuyuki Sato and got bronze medal of World Championships in 1984. In the next year, she won the gold medal at Asian Championships, All-Japan Selected Championships, Kodokan Cup and All-Japan University Championships with her specialty techniques, Osotogari and Newaza.

She retired and became a teacher of the senior high school in Hokkaidō after graduation at a university in 1986. As of 2010, Moriyama coaches judo at high school in Kanagawa Prefecture.

Hakodate
Hakodate (函館市, Hakodate-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [ha.ko.da.te, ha.ko.da.teꜜ.ɕi]) is a city and port located in Oshima Subprefecture, Hokkaido, Japan. It is the capital city of Oshima Subprefecture. As of January 31, 2024, the city had an estimated population of 239,813 with 138,807 households, and a population density of 354 inhabitants per square kilometre (920/sq mi). The total area is 677.86 square kilometres (261.72 sq mi). The city is the third largest in Hokkaido after Sapporo and Asahikawa.
Schinia argentifascia
Schinia argentifascia is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in North America, including Arizona, California, Baja California, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas and Utah.

The wingspan is about 24 mm.

The larvae feed on Ericameria species.

Ericameria
Ericameria is a genus of North American shrubs in the family Asteraceae.

Ericameria is known by the common names goldenbush, rabbitbrush, turpentine bush, and rabbitbush. Most are shrubs, but one species (E. parishii) can reach tree stature. They are distributed in western Canada (Saskatchewan, Alberta, British Columbia) western United States (from the western Great Plains to the Pacific) and northern Mexico. Bright yellow flower heads adorn the plants in late summer. All the species have disc florets, while some have ray florets but others do not. Ericameria nauseosa, (synonym Chrysothamnus nauseosus), is known for its production of latex.
Marion County Railway
The Marion County Railway was a shortline railroad that operated in eastern South Carolina in the mid-1980s.

The line, acquired from Seaboard Systems in July 1984, ran a little more than six miles from Mullins, South Carolina, to Marion, South Carolina.

It operated until February 1985 and while it had not been abandoned as of a decade later, most of the track had been taken up.

Mullins, South Carolina
Mullins is a city in Marion County, South Carolina, United States. As of the 2020 census, Mullins had a population of 4,026.

Incorporated on March 4, 1872, Mullins was named after Col. William S. Mullins, who served as a representative for Marion County in the South Carolina State Legislature from 1852 to 1866.
Exploding trousers
In New Zealand in the 1930s, farmers reportedly had trouble with exploding trousers as a result of attempts to control ragwort, an agricultural weed.

Farmers had been spraying sodium chlorate, a government recommended weedkiller, onto the ragwort, and some of the spray had ended up on their clothes.  Sodium chlorate is a strong oxidizing agent, and reacted with the organic fibres (i.e., the wool and the cotton) of the clothes.  Reports had farmers' trousers variously smoldering and bursting into flame, particularly when exposed to heat or naked flames. One report had trousers that were hanging on a washing line starting to smoke. There were also several reports of trousers exploding while farmers were wearing them, causing severe burns.

The history was written up by James Watson of Massey University in a widely reported article, "The Significance of Mr. Richard Buckley's Exploding Trousers" − which later won him an Ig Nobel Prize.

Jacobaea vulgaris
Jacobaea vulgaris, synonym Senecio jacobaea, is a very common wild flower in the family Asteraceae that is native to northern Eurasia, usually in dry, open places, and has also been widely distributed as a weed elsewhere.

Common names include ragwort, common ragwort, stinking willie, tansy ragwort, benweed, St. James-wort, stinking nanny/ninny/willy, staggerwort, dog standard, cankerwort, stammerwort. In the western United States it is generally known as tansy ragwort, or tansy, though its resemblance to the true tansy is superficial.

In some countries it is an invasive species and regarded as a noxious weed. In the UK, where it is native, it is often unwanted because of its toxic effect for cattle and horses, but it is also valued for its nectar production which feeds insect pollinators and its ecological importance is thus considered significant.
Gustavo Ponza di San Martino
Gustavo Ponza, conte di San Martino (1 June 1810 – 6 September 1876) was an Italian politician, who was administrator and senator of the Kingdom of Italy.

He was born in Cuneo, the son of conte Cesare. He was appointed Intendente generale of Genoa, (4 August 1848) and made a councillor of state of Victor Emmanuel II of Italy, 27 February 1852. President of the provincial council of Cuneo, his birthplace, he served as communal councillor for Turin in 1857-64 and 1866-76. As the king's lieutenant governor at Naples, it was his duty to wait upon Pope Pius IX with suggestions for papal role in the Capture of Rome, which Pius adamantly refused.

He died at Dronero, near Cuneo, in 1876.

His son, Coriolano Ponza di San Martino (1842–1926), briefly served as Italian Minister of War in April 1900 – April 1902.

Dronero
Dronero (Occitan: Draonier) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) southwest of Turin and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) northwest of Cuneo at the entrance of the Valle Maira.
Nina Holmén
Siv Nina Anette Holmén (née Wärn; born 29 September 1951, in Esse) is a Finnish former long-distance runner.

Nina Holmén won the first European Championship in women's 3000 meters running in 1974. She competed also in Olympics 1976 finishing 9th in 1500 meters running. Her best event, 3000 meters, was not in the Olympic schedule that time.

Nina Holmén also competed successfully in cross-country running. She won silver medal in World Cross Country Championships in 1974. In 1973 she was 10th. In addition she won two medals in team race.

Esse, Finland
Esse (Finnish: Ähtävä) is a former municipality of Finland, now a village of Pedersöre. It has a population of about 3,000 people, of whom approximately 94% are Swedish-speaking Finns and the rest are Finnish-speaking. The village is in the northeast part of Pedersöre municipality.

Esse was consolidated to Pedersöre in 1977.

The river of Esse flows through the village. This river is one of the last places where the freshwater pearl mussel (Margaritifera margaritifera) can be found.