hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Żubroń
Żubroń (/ˈʒuːbrɒnj/; Polish: żubroń [ˈʐubrɔɲ]) is a hybrid of a domestic cattle and a wisent. The wisent (żubr in Polish) is the European bison; hence, the żubroń is analogous to the American cattalo. The name żubroń was officially chosen from hundreds of proposals sent to the Polish weekly magazine Przekrój during a contest organised in 1969.

Przekrój
Przekrój (Polish pronunciation: [ˈpʂɛkruj] ⓘ; Cross-section) was the oldest Polish weekly newsmagazine in operation, established in 1945 in Kraków. After temporary closure in 2013, it was bought by photographer Tomasz Niewiadomski and subsequently relaunched in December 2016 as a quarterly magazine. 
Przekrój's matchless literary style and lively visual charm were created due to the collaboration with the avant-garde of Polish intellectuals, writers, poets, artists and cartoonists. Przekrój was the birthplace of writers such as Wisława Szymborska, Stanisław Lem  and Czesław Miłosz.
Hoeryong reeducation camp
Kyo-hwa-so Hoeryong(회령교화소) is a "reeducation camp" in Hoeryong, in North Hamgyong province of North Korea. It is not to be confused with Haengyong political prison camp (Kwan-li-so Nr. 22), which is located 10 km (6.2 mi) north-east of Hoeryong and is sometimes also called Hoeryong camp. It holds roughly 1,500 prisoners.

Hoeryong
Hoeryŏng (Hangul: "회령시", Korean pronunciation: [ɸwe̞.ɾjʌŋ]) is a city in North Hamgyong Province, North Korea. It is located opposite Jilin Province, China, with the Tumen River in between. Sanhe (三合鎮), in Longjing City, is the closest Chinese town across the river. Hoeryŏng is the birthplace of Kim Il Sung's first wife and Kim Jong Il's mother, Kim Jong Suk. The Hoeryong Revolutionary Site commemorates the birthplace.

The former Hoeryŏng concentration camp (Kwalliso No. 22) was located 20 kilometres (12 mi) from the city.
Ron Wigginton
Ron Wigginton (born October 1, 1944, in Oakland, California) is an American artist and landscape architect. His paintings and sculptures are held in West Coast museums and in private collections. His landscapes designs are noted for their narrative and aesthetic qualities, and his artwork typically involves and explores human perceptions of natural and built landscapes. Wigginton is regarded as an early practitioner among  landscape architects to approach landscape design as a conceptual work of art, and his work has received international recognition through publication and awards.

Loleta, California
Loleta (Wiyot: Guduwalhat) is an unincorporated community in Humboldt County, California, United States. Loleta is located 5.5 miles (9 km) south of Fields Landing, and 15 miles (24 km) south of Eureka at an elevation of 46 feet (14 m). The population was 828 at the 2020 census. For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau has defined Loleta as a census-designated place (CDP). Residents live in a central community area and rural outskirts. There are two separate Native American reservations on the rural outskirts of Table Bluff, California.

The ZIP Code is 95551, and the community is inside area code 707.
Rammelsbergite
Rammelsbergite is a nickel arsenide mineral with formula NiAs2. It forms metallic silvery to tin white to reddish orthorhombic prismatic crystals, and is usually massive in form. It has a Mohs hardness of 5.5 and a specific gravity of 7.1.

It was first described in 1854 from its type locality in the Schneeberg District in Saxony, Germany. It was named after the German chemist and mineralogist, Karl Friedrich August Rammelsberg (1813–1899).

It occurs as a hydrothermal mineral in medium temperature veins association with skutterudite, safflorite, lollingite, nickeline, native bismuth, native silver, algodonite, domeykite and uraninite.

Vein (geology)
In geology, a vein is a distinct sheetlike body of crystallized minerals within a rock. Veins form when mineral constituents carried by an aqueous solution within the rock mass are deposited through precipitation. The hydraulic flow involved is usually due to hydrothermal circulation.

Veins are classically thought of as being planar fractures in rocks, with the crystal growth occurring normal to the walls of the cavity, and the crystal protruding into open space. This certainly is the method for the formation of some veins. However, it is rare in geology for significant open space to remain open in large volumes of rock, especially several kilometers below the surface. Thus, there are two main mechanisms considered likely for the formation of veins: open-space filling and crack-seal growth.
Canton of Noirétable
The canton of Noirétable is a French former administrative division located in the department of Loire and the Rhone-Alpes region. It was disbanded following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. It consisted of 12 communes, which joined the canton of Boën-sur-Lignon in 2015. It had 4,021 inhabitants (2012).

The canton comprised the following communes:

Rhône-Alpes
Rhône-Alpes (French pronunciation: [ʁon alp] ⓘ) was an administrative region of France. Since 1 January 2016, it is part of the new region Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. It is located on the eastern border of the country, towards the south. The region was named after the river Rhône and the Alps mountain range. Its capital, Lyon, is the second-largest metropolitan area in France after Paris. Rhône-Alpes has the sixth-largest economy of any European region.
Chet Pickard
Chet Pickard (/ˈpɪkərd/ PIHK-uhrd; born November 29, 1989) is a German-Canadian former professional ice hockey goaltender. He most notably played in the American Hockey League and the Deutsche Eishockey Liga (DEL). He holds a German passport.

German Canadians
German Canadians (German: Deutschkanadier or Deutsch-Kanadier, pronounced [ˈdɔʏtʃkaˌnaːdi̯ɐ]) are Canadian citizens of German ancestry or Germans who emigrated to and reside in Canada. According to the 2021 census, there are 2,955,695 Canadians with full or partial German ancestry. Some immigrants came from what is today Germany, while larger numbers came from German settlements in Eastern Europe and Imperial Russia; others came from parts of the German Confederation, Austria-Hungary and Switzerland.
Carolingian Gospel Book (British Library, Add MS 11848)
British Library, Add MS 11848 is an illuminated Carolingian Latin Gospel Book produced at Tours.  It contains the Vulgate translation of the four Gospels written on vellum in Carolingian minuscule with Square and Rustic Capitals and Uncials as display scripts.  The manuscript has 219 extant folios which measure approximately 330 by 230 mm.  The text is written in area of about 205 by 127 mm. In addition to the text of the Gospels, the manuscript contains the letter of St. Jerome to Pope Damasus and of Eusebius of Caesarea to Carpian, along with the Eusebian canon tables.  There are  prologues and capitula lists before each Gospel.  A table of readings for the year was added, probably between 1675 and 1749, to the end of the volume. This is followed by a list of capitula incipits and a word grid which were added in the Carolingian period.

Eusebius
Eusebius of Caesarea (c. AD 260/265 – 30 May AD 339), also known as Eusebius Pamphilius, was a historian of Christianity, exegete, and Christian polemicist from the Roman province of Syria Palaestina. In about AD 314 he became the bishop of Caesarea Maritima.

Together with Pamphilus, Eusebius was a scholar of the biblical canon and is regarded as one of the most learned Christians during late antiquity. He wrote the Demonstrations of the Gospel, Preparations for the Gospel and On Discrepancies between the Gospels, studies of the biblical text. His work Onomasticon is an early geographical lexicon of places in the Holy Land mentioned in the Bible. As "Father of Church History" (not to be confused with the title of Church Father), he produced the Ecclesiastical History, On the Life of Pamphilus, the Chronicle and On the Martyrs. He also produced a biographical work on Constantine the Great, the first Christian Roman emperor, who was Augustus between AD 306 and AD 337.
Joan of Arc, Sick, Interrogated in Prison by the Cardinal of Winchester
Joan of Arc, Sick, Interrogated in Prison by the Cardinal of Winchester is an oil on canvas painting by French painter Paul Delaroche, created in 1824. The painting depicts Joan of Arc as she is being interrogated by Cardinal Henry Beaufort, of Winchester, despite the fact that the event never happened. It is held at the Musée des Beaux-Arts de Rouen.

Musée des Beaux-Arts de Rouen
The Musée des Beaux-Arts de Rouen (French pronunciation: [myze de boz‿aʁ də ʁwɑ̃]) is an art museum in Rouen, in Normandy in north-western France. It was established by Napoléon Bonaparte in 1801, and is housed in a building designed by Louis Sauvageot and built between 1877, and 1888. Its collections include paintings, sculptures, drawings and objets d'art.
Bisection (software engineering)
Bisection is a method used in software development to identify change sets that result in a specific behavior change. It is mostly employed for finding the patch that introduced a bug. Another application area is finding the patch that indirectly fixed a bug.

Software bug
A software bug is a defect (bug) in computer software. A computer program with many or serious bugs may be described as buggy.

The effects of a software bug range from minor (such as a misspelled word in the user interface) to severe (such as frequent crashing).

In 2002, a study commissioned by the US Department of Commerce's National Institute of Standards and Technology concluded that "software bugs, or errors, are so prevalent and so detrimental that they cost the US economy an estimated $59 billion annually, or about 0.6 percent of the gross domestic product".

Since the 1950s, some computer systems have been designed to detect or auto-correct various software errors during operations.
Enerate
Enerate are a Sydney based Art Pop group. They are based in the Inner West region of Sydney, Australia. The band is currently signed to independent label Summer Recordings Australia, and is known for their debut album "Good Times Airlines", released in November 2017, which was released as a mobile app featuring interactive music videos for every song on the record. Enerate have toured alongside the likes of Mansionair, Christopher Port, Julien Mier and Merpire.

Inner West
The Inner West of Sydney is an area directly west of the Sydney central business district, New South Wales, Australia.  The suburbs that make up the Inner West are predominantly located along the southern shore of Port Jackson (Parramatta River), stretching south to the shores of the Cooks River. The western boundary of the Inner West is approximately the A3 arterial road (Homebush Bay Drive / Centenary Drive), which divides the Inner West from the Greater Western Sydney region. The Inner West is much larger than the Inner West Council local government area. The Inner West roughly corresponds with the Parish of Petersham and Parish of Concord, two cadastral divisions used for land titles.
Etnyre
The Etnyre was an American automobile manufactured by the Etnyre Motor Car Company in Oregon, Illinois from 1910 until 1911.

The car was priced at $3500 (equivalent to $118,113 in 2024) and came with a 7.7 liter 50 hp four-cylinder engine of the company's own design. Touring, roadster, and other body styles were offered on the same 128 in (330 cm) wheelbase.

According to the founder's daughter, Harriet, 10 cars total were made, four of which were worn out by her brothers during the "testing" phase.

Frequently seen on automobile lists spelled as Entyre, the correct spelling is Etnyre.

Roadster (car)
A roadster (also spider, spyder) is an open two-seat car with emphasis on sporting appearance or character. Initially an American term for a two-seat car with no weather protection, its usage has spread internationally and has evolved to include two-seat convertibles.

The roadster was also a style of racing car driven in United States Auto Club (USAC) Championship Racing, including the Indianapolis 500, in the 1950s and 1960s. This type of racing car was superseded by rear-mid-engine cars.
JZ Festival
Debuting in 2005, JZ Festival has been recognized as the biggest jazz festival in China and the second biggest jazz festival in Asia. It is always held during a weekend in October.

The core of JZ Festival is jazz. But it covers many other music elements such as soul, blues, folk, pop, rock, electronic etc., which shows the spirit of jazz – improvisation and fusion. Plenty of international top musicians performed in JZ Festival, including Joss Stone, John Scofield, Pat Metheny, Ron Carter, Kenny Garrett, Dianne Reeves, Dee Dee Bridgewater and so on. Chinese famous music artists include Sandy Lam, Karen Mok, Cui Jian, Chang Csun Yuk, Mavis Fan etc. Since 2013, JZ Festival has been held in Beijing, Guangzhou, Dalian and Chongqing not just in home court Shanghai.

Dee Dee Bridgewater
Dee Dee Bridgewater (born Denise Eileen Garrett, May 27, 1950) is an American jazz singer and actress. She is a three-time Grammy Award-winning singer-songwriter, as well as a Tony Award-winning stage actress. For 23 years, she was the host of National Public Radio's syndicated radio show JazzSet with Dee Dee Bridgewater. She is a United Nations Goodwill Ambassador for the Food and Agriculture Organization.
Ndiwa
Ndiwa is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Juma Ndiwa (born 1960), Kenyan middle-distance runner

Kangana Ndiwa (born 1984), Congolese footballer

Stacey Chepkemboi Ndiwa (born 1992), Kenyan long-distance runner

Kangana Ndiwa
Kangana Lord Savimbi Ndiwa (born 28 February 1984) is a Congolese former international football player who played professionally for clubs in England, Sweden and Slovenia, as well as semi-professional football in England, Scotland and Sweden. He played as a defender.
OCCAID
The Open Contributors Corporation for Advanced Internet Development (OCCAID) was a non-profit consortium that operated one of the largest IPv6 research networks in the world.  It maintained both resale and facilities-based networks spanning 15,000 miles, with a presence in over 52 cities across 6 countries. This organisation no longer operates, what occurred to this organisation is unclear as there is very little information available for this organisation, apart from their official website.

OCCAID facilitated collaboration between research communities and the carrier industry, serving as a testbed and proving ground for advanced Internet protocols.  Most of its participants connected to the network using Ethernet connections in areas where OCCAID has last-mile network connections.

OCCAID's primary collaboration activities had involved IPv6 and multicast protocols.

Consortium
A consortium (pl. consortiums or consortia) is an association of two or more individuals, companies, organizations, or governments (or any combination of these entities) with the objective of participating in a common activity or pooling their resources for achieving a common goal. Consortia are generally nonprofit with a goal to help its members improve their competitiveness in the specific field.

Consortium is a Latin word meaning "partnership", "association", or "society", and derives from consors ("shared in property"), itself from con- ("together") and sors ("fate").
Ouénou, N'Dali
Ouénou is a town and arrondissement in the Borgou Department of Benin. It is an administrative division under the jurisdiction of the commune of N'Dali. According to the population census conducted by the Institut National de la Statistique Benin on February 15, 2002, the arrondissement had a total population of 12,245.

N'Dali
N'Dali [nda.li] is a city and arrondissement in the north of Benin, and the capital of the Commune of N'Dali in the  Borgou Department. The commune covers an area of 3748 square kilometres and as of 2013 had a population of 113,604 people. In 2008 an estimated 16,941 people living in the main town of N'Dali.

N'Dali, like many areas of Benin, is home to a constituent monarchy.
Blasphemy law in Bangladesh
The People's Republic of Bangladesh went from being a secular state in 1971 to having Islam as the state religion in 1988. Despite its state religion, Bangladesh uses a secular penal code dating from 1860—the time of the British occupation. The penal code discourages blasphemy by a section that forbids "hurting religious sentiments." Other laws permit the government to confiscate and to ban the publication of blasphemous material. Government officials, police, soldiers, and security forces may have discouraged blasphemy by extrajudicial actions including torture.
Schools run by the government have Religious Studies in the curriculum.

Secular state
A secular state is an idea pertaining to secularity, whereby a state is or purports to be officially neutral in matters of religion, supporting neither religion nor irreligion. A secular state claims to treat all its citizens equally regardless of religion, and claims to avoid preferential treatment for a citizen based on their religious beliefs, affiliation or lack of either over those with other profiles.

Although secular states have no state religion, the absence of an established state religion does not mean that a state is completely secular or egalitarian. For example, some states that describe themselves as secular have religious references in their national anthems and flags, laws that benefit one religion or another, or are members of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and of the International Religious Freedom or Belief Alliance.
Surfin' on a Backbeat
Surfin' on a Backbeat is the third studio album by German pop singer Sasha, released by Warner Music on 29 October 2001 in German-speaking Europe.

Taking Sasha's work further into pop rock, Surfin' on a Backbeat  reached the top ten of the albums charts in Germany, but charted significantly lower than its predecessors. It was however, certified gold by the German leg of the IFPI for more than 200,000 sold copies. The album and its re-release produced four singles, including leading single "Here She Comes Again" and "This Is My Time", the 2002 FIFA World Cup television hymn. A reissue of the album was released on 22 July 2002, containing two previously unreleased tracks.

Geographical distribution of German speakers
This article details the geographical distribution of speakers of the German language, regardless of the legislative status within the countries where it is spoken. In addition to the Germanosphere (German: Deutscher Sprachraum) in Europe, German-speaking minorities are present in many other countries and on all six inhabited continents.

Mostly depending on the inclusion or exclusion of certain varieties with a disputed status as separate languages or which were later acknowledged as separate languages (e.g., Low German/Plautdietsch), it is estimated that approximately 90–95 million people speak German as a first language, 10–25 million as a second language, and 75–100 million as a foreign language. This would imply approximately 175–220 million German speakers worldwide.
Mungo ESK
The Mungo ESK (Einsatzfahrzeug Spezialisierte Kräfte) is an air-transportable, armoured multirole transport vehicle operated by the Airmobile Operations Division and the Rapid Forces Division of the German Army.

The Mungo is based on the Multicar M30/FUMO and is produced by KNDS Deutschland (formerly Krauss-Maffei Wegmann). Delivery of 396 Mungos to the German Army began in 2005.

In 2007 all Mungos deployed to the ISAF mission were withdrawn, because the Mungo proved incapable of withstanding the harsh terrain and road conditions of Afghanistan. However, in 2008 the problems were fixed and Mungos were redeployed in Afghanistan.

On May 19, 2009, the German Army ordered a prototype and 25 serial NBC (Nuclear, Biological and Chemical) reconnaissance versions of the Mungo with increased internal volume.

Rapid Forces Division
The Rapid Forces Division (German: Division Schnelle Kräfte), formerly Special Operations Division (Division Spezielle Operationen), is an airborne division of the German Army that was activated in 2001 and received its current designation in 2014.

Its headquarters staff is based at Stadtallendorf. It was created as 1st Airborne Division (1. Luftlandedivision) in 1956 and reflagged twice in 1994 and 2001 as Airmobile Forces Command/4th Division (Kommando Luftbewegliche Kräfte/4. Division), Special Operations Division and eventually Rapid Forces Division. The division leads three combat brigades and special forces troops, all of which are fully air-mobile.

In June 2014, the Dutch 11th Air Mobile Brigade was fully integrated into the division as part of the binational military cooperation between Germany and the Netherlands and in 2017 the Romanian 81st Mechanized Brigade followed suit.
Byron Moffatt Britton
Byron Moffatt Britton (September 3, 1833 – November 19, 1920) was a Canadian politician, lawyer and lecturer. He was elected to the House of Commons of Canada in the 1896 election to represent the riding of Kingston. He was re-elected in 1900.

The son of Daniel Britton and Nancy Moffatt, both Americans who had come to Upper Canada, he was educated at Victoria University in Cobourg, studied law in Toronto and Belleville and was called to the bar in 1859. Britton set up practice in Kingston. In 1875, he was named Queen's Counsel. He was Crown Attorney for Frontenac county from 1883 to 1891. Britton also served on the board of governors for Kingston General Hospital. In 1863, he married Mary E., the daughter of Luther Hamilton Holton.

Prior to his federal experience, he was a councillor, then mayor of Kingston, Ontario (1876–1877). He was appointed Judge of the Court of King's Bench for Ontario on September 24, 1901. Britton presided over the 1911 Angelina Napolitano case.

Superior Court of Justice (Ontario)
The Superior Court of Justice (French: Cour supérieure de justice) is a superior court in Ontario. The Court sits in 52 locations across the province, including 17 Family Court locations, and consists of over 300 federally appointed judges.

In 1999, the Superior Court of Justice was renamed from the Ontario Court (General Division). The Superior Court is one of two divisions of the Court of Ontario. The other division is the lower court, the Ontario Court of Justice. The Superior Court has three specialized branches: Divisional Court, Small Claims Court, and Family Court.

The Superior Court has inherent jurisdiction over civil, criminal, and family law matters at common law. Although the Court has inherent jurisdiction, the authority of the Court has been entrenched in the Canadian Constitution.
HMS Thistle
Six ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Thistle, after the thistle, the national flower of Scotland:

HMS Thistle (1808) was a 10-gun schooner launched in 1808 and wrecked on 6 March 1811.

HMS Thistle (1812) was a 12-gun brig launched in 1812 and broken up in 1823.

HMS Thistle (1855) was a Dapper-class wood screw gunboat launched in 1855 and broken up in 1863.

HMS Thistle (1868) was a composite screw gunvessel launched in 1868 and sold in 1888.

HMS Thistle (1899) was a Bramble-class gunboat launched in 1899 and sold in 1926.

HMS Thistle (N24) was a T-class submarine launched in 1938 and sunk in 1940.

Beacon-class gunvessel
The Beacon-class gunvessels were a class of composite gunboats built for the Royal Navy in the late 1860s. They were the first warships of the Royal Navy expressly designed to use the engines of an older class of ships with a different hull shape. They were generally deployed overseas to the China, East Indies, West Africa, Pacific, North America and West Indies Stations. In addition to showing the flag, the ships fought pirates and suppressed the slave trade in East and West Africa. As their engines wore out in the mid-1880s, they were mostly retired and scrapped by the end of the decade. A few survived into the early 1900s as they were modified for harbour service before being sold or scrapped.