hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Leigh Hobson
Leigh Shawna Hobson (born August 10, 1970 in Kitchener, Ontario) is a Canadian retired professional road cyclist. She represented her nation Canada, as a 37-year-old, at the 2008 Summer Olympics, and also placed third in the women's elite category at the Canadian Championships (1996, 2000, and 2006). Hobson also mounted first-place finishes at the Tri-Peak Challenge in 2006, and at the fourth stage of Tour of the Gila in Silver City, New Mexico in 2008.

Hobson qualified for the Canadian squad in the women's road race at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing by claiming the bronze medal and receiving one of the nation's three berths from the UCI World Cup. She successfully produced her birthday reward and a best possible result for Canada women's cycling team with a seventeenth-place effort in 3:32:52, finishing behind the host nation's Gao Min by less than an inch stretch.

Kitchener, Ontario
Kitchener is a city in the Canadian province of Ontario, about 100 km (62 mi) west of Toronto. It is one of three cities that make up the Regional Municipality of Waterloo and is the regional seat. Kitchener was known as Berlin until a 1916 referendum changed its name. The city covers an area of 136.86 km2, and had a population of 256,885 at the time of the 2021 Canadian census.

The Regional Municipality of Waterloo has 673,910 people as of year-end 2023, making it the 10th-largest census metropolitan area (CMA) in Canada and the fourth-largest CMA in Ontario. Kitchener and Waterloo are considered "twin cities", which are often referred to jointly as "Kitchener–Waterloo" (K–W), although they have separate municipal governments.
Graphis breussii
Graphis breussii is a species of script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in Venezuela, it was formally described as a new species in 2009 by Gerhard Neuwirth and Robert Lücking. The type specimen was collected by the first author from Samariapo (Región Costa del Orinoco, Amazonas). Here the lichen was found growing on the bark of dead branches of shrubs growing on granite rocks along the eastern banks of the Orinoco river. Characteristics of the lichen include the large, prominent lirellae with striate labia and a thin thalline cover, a completely carbonized (blackened) exciple, and four submuriform (i.e., somewhat chambered) ascospores per ascus. It contains norstictic acid, a lichen product. The specific epithet honours the Austrian lichenologist Othmar Breuss.

Lichen product
Lichen products, also known as lichen substances, are organic compounds produced by a lichen. Specifically, they are secondary metabolites. Lichen products are represented in several different chemical classes, including terpenoids, orcinol derivatives, chromones, xanthones, depsides, and depsidones. Over 1000 lichen products of known chemical structure have been reported in the scientific literature, and most of these compounds are exclusively found in lichens. Examples of lichen products include usnic acid (a dibenzofuran), atranorin (a depside), lichexanthone (a xanthone), salazinic acid (a depsidone), and isolichenan, an α-glucan. Many lichen products have biological activity, and research into these effects is ongoing.
Padma Bandopadhyay
Air Marshal Padma Bandopadhyay, PVSM, AVSM, VSM, PHS (born 4 November 1944) is a decorated former flight surgeon in the Indian Air Force. She was the first woman to be promoted to the rank of Air Marshal in the Indian Air Force. She is the second woman in the Indian Armed Forces to be promoted to a three-star rank, after Surgeon Vice Admiral Punita Arora.

Param Vishisht Seva Medal
Param Vishisht Seva Medal (PVSM) (IAST: Parama Viśiṣṭa Sēvā, lit. 'Supreme Distinguished Service Medal') is a military award of India. It is the highest peacetime medal of the Indian Armed Forces, and is awarded for "distinguished service of the most exceptional order." The medal is awarded for "distinguished service rendered by personnel of the Armed Forces."

All ranks of the Armed Forces, including Territorial Army, Auxiliary and Reserve forces, Nursing officers and other members of the Nursing services and other lawfully constituted Armed Forces are eligible for the medal, which may be awarded multiple times as well as posthumously.
Ritscher
Ritscher is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alfred Ritscher (1879–1963), German polar explorer

Karen Ritscher, American violist and academic

Malachi Ritscher (1954–2006), American musician, recording engineer, human rights activist, and anti-war protester

Simone Ritscher (born 1959), German actress

Malachi Ritscher
Malachi Ritscher (Mark David Ritscher; January 13, 1954 – November 3, 2006) was an American musician, recording engineer, human rights activist, and anti-war protester. He died by self-immolation, an act of protest against the 2003 invasion of Iraq.
Akob Aghi khachkar
Akob Aghi khachkar (Armenian: Ակոբ Աղի խաչքար) is a khachkar located just northeast of the village of Hayravank along the southwest shores of Lake Sevan in the Gegharkunik Province of Armenia. It lies in front of the western wall of the Hayravank Monastery complex, on the pedestal; the upper left corner is broken. It is included in the state list of immovable monuments of history and culture of Armenia (5.59/1.1.3.5)։ The khachkar was created by Akob, a 16th-century Armenian sculptor, maker of khachkars and tombstones.

Gegharkunik Province
Gegharkunik (Armenian: Գեղարքունիք, Armenian pronunciation: [ɡɛʁɑɾkʰuˈnikʰ] ⓘ) is a province (marz) of Armenia. Its capital and largest city is Gavar. Gegharkunik is inhabited by approximately 209,669 people and the majority are ethnic Armenians.

Gegharkunik Province is located at the eastern part of Armenia, bordering Azerbaijan. It includes the exclave of Artsvashen, which has been under Azerbaijani occupation since the First Nagorno-Karabakh War. With an area of 5,348 km2 (2,065 sq mi), Gegharkunik is the largest province in Armenia. However, approximately 24% or 1,278 km2 (493 sq mi) of its territory is covered by Lake Sevan, the largest lake in the South Caucasus and a major tourist attraction of the region.

The Yerevan-Sevan-Dilijan republican highway runs through the province.
Adcole
Adcole Corporation is a Massachusetts-based manufacturer of precision testing and measuring instruments. Addison D. Cole founded the company in 1957. Adcole's core clients come from the aerospace and automotive industries. The company is a subcontractor for the NASA and satellite manufacturers. Sun angle sensors designed by Adcole have flown on numerous space exploration missions, including Mars Pathfinder and the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter. Automobile and truck engine makers as well as agricultural and construction equipment manufacturers utilize measuring machines and tools from Adcole as well. The company reported net sales of more than US$30 million in fiscal year 2011.

Aerospace
Aerospace refers to the technology and industry involved with the atmosphere and outer space collectively. Aerospace activity is very diverse, with a multitude of commercial, industrial, and military applications. Aerospace engineering consists of aeronautics and astronautics. Aerospace organizations research, design, manufacture, operate, maintain, and repair both aircraft and spacecraft.

The border between space and the atmosphere has been proposed as 100 kilometres (62.1 mi) above the ground according to the physical explanation that the air density is too low for a lifting body to generate meaningful lift force without exceeding orbital velocity. This border has been called the Kármán line.
Irish culture in the United States
Irish culture in America is widespread though not especially visible as such except on Saint Patrick's Day, when, it is said, "Every American is Irish."

Many Irish began to immigrate after World War I. However,  there was a decline in immigration after U.S. Congress began to limit the numbers of individuals  immigrating. The numbers of Irish immigrants began to increase again after World War II.

Most Irish who came to the United States settled in urban areas. Many of these neighborhoods retain aspects of Irish culture, especially around the local Catholic church.

Words and songs from Ireland have come into common American usage. Common words used in the English language that have Irish origin include galore, hooligan, phony, slob, and whiskey.

Recently, Irish dancing, which has existed in pockets in the U.S., has become popular as a stage performance, with dancers from Ireland touring the United States.

Hooliganism
Hooliganism is the act of disruptive, obnoxious, violent or unlawful behavior such as rioting, bullying and vandalism, in connection with crowded events, such as speeches or  sporting events. A hooligan is a person who engages in illicit reckless behaviors and is a public nuisance.
John McGreevey
John McGreevey (December 21, 1922 – November 24, 2010) was an American writer and screenwriter. He is the father of former Disney star and Emmy-nominated television writer Michael McGreevey. The elder McGreevey received four Christopher Awards, an Emmy Award, a Peabody Award, and a Writers Guild Paddy Chayefsky Award. Additionally, he was nominated for another Writers Guild Award, another Emmy Award, and a Silver Dove award

Christopher Award
The Christopher Award (established 1949) is presented to the producers, directors, and writers of books, films and television specials that "affirm the highest values of the human spirit". It is given by The Christophers, a Christian organization founded in 1945 by the Maryknoll priest James Keller.
Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences
Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences (FZU, Fyzikální ústav Akademie věd České republiky) is a public research institution in the Czech Republic and a part of the Czech Academy of Sciences. The Institute specialises in fundamental and applied research across five fields: particle physics, condensed matter physics and solid-state physics, optics and physics of plasma. FZU is also involved in education at the university level, supervision of Master and PhD students and science communication.

Basic research
Basic research, also called pure research, fundamental research, basic science, or pure science, is a type of scientific research with the aim of improving scientific theories for better understanding and prediction of natural or other phenomena.  In contrast, applied research uses scientific theories to develop technology or techniques, which can be used to intervene and alter natural or other phenomena. Though often driven simply by curiosity, basic research often fuels the technological innovations of applied science. The two aims are often practiced simultaneously in coordinated research and development.

In addition to innovations, basic research serves to provide insights and public support of nature, possibly improving conservation efforts. Technological innovations may influence engineering concepts, such as the beak of a kingfisher influencing the design of a high-speed bullet train.
RCV
RCV may stand for:

Rabbit calicivirus

RCV (Radio Christian Voice), independent radio station in Zambia, established 1994

Radio Club Venezolano, Venezuela

Ranked-choice voting

Red cell volume, a concept related to hematocrit but concerning total rather than percentage

Refuse collection vehicle

Remote control vehicle

RCV Film Distribution, a former Dutch film distributor

Riot control vehicle, see RCV-9

Rubrik Cloud Vault

Rabbit hemorrhagic disease
Rabbit hemorrhagic disease (RHD), also known as viral hemorrhagic disease (VHD), is a highly infectious and lethal form of viral hepatitis that affects European rabbits. Some viral strains also affect hares and cottontail rabbits. Mortality rates generally range from 70 to 100 percent. The disease is caused by strains of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV), a lagovirus in the family Caliciviridae.
Makanrushi
Makanrushi  (Russian: Маканруши; Japanese 磨勘留島; Makanru-tō) is an uninhabited volcanic island located near the northern end of the Kuril Islands chain in the Sea of Okhotsk in the northwest Pacific Ocean. Its name is derived from the Ainu language.

Sea of Okhotsk
The Sea of Okhotsk is a marginal sea of the northwestern Pacific Ocean. It is located between Russia's Kamchatka Peninsula on the east, the Kuril Islands on the southeast, Japan's island of Hokkaido on the south, the island of Sakhalin along the west, and a stretch of eastern Siberian coast along the west and north. Its northeast corner is the Shelikhov Gulf. The sea is named for the port of Okhotsk, itself named for the Okhota River.
Stanley Bates
Stanley Kevin Bates (born 8 October 1942 in East Finchley, London) is a British actor and screen writer best known for the role of Bungle, and as a scriptwriter, in the children's television programme, Rainbow between 1973 and 1989, series 2 to series 17. Other credits include roles in Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1972), Theatre of Blood (1973) and The Tomorrow People.

On 10 March 2001, Bates was bound over to keep the peace following an alleged road rage incident. The incident occurred in May 2000. At the time of the case in 2001 Bates was described as a self-employed lighting manufacturer.

Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1972 film)
Alice's Adventures in Wonderland is a 1972 British musical film directed by Australian filmmaker William Sterling, based on Lewis Carroll's 1865 novel of the same name and its 1871 sequel, Through the Looking-Glass. It had a distinguished ensemble cast and a musical score composed by John Barry with lyrics written by Don Black. In addition, make-up artist Stuart Freeborn created film visuals based on the original drawings by John Tenniel from the first edition of the novel.

At the 26th British Academy Film Awards, the film won both of its nominated categories, including Best Cinematography and Best Costume Design.
Melton Constable Hall
Melton Constable Hall is a large (Grade I listed) country house in the parish of Melton Constable, Norfolk, England designed in the Christopher Wren style and built between 1664 and 1670 for the Astley family who owned the estate from 1235 until 1948. The core of the house is Elizabethan.

Astley baronets
There have been four baronetcies created for members of the Astley family, three in the Baronetage of England and one in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. As of 2008 only one creation was extant.

Astley baronets, of Melton Constable (1642): see Sir Isaac Astley, 1st Baronet

Astley baronets of Hill Morton (1660)

Astley baronets of Patshull (1662)

Astley, later Astley-Corbett, later Astley baronets, of Everley (1821)
Differential optical absorption spectroscopy
In atmospheric chemistry, differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) is used to measure concentrations of trace gases. When combined with basic optical spectrometers such as prisms or diffraction gratings and automated, ground-based observation platforms, it presents a cheap and powerful means for the measurement of trace gas species such as ozone and nitrogen dioxide. Typical setups allow for detection limits corresponding to optical depths of 0.0001 along lightpaths of up to typically 15 km and thus allow for the detection also of weak absorbers, such as water vapour, nitrous acid, formaldehyde, tetraoxygen, iodine oxide, bromine oxide and chlorine oxide.

Atmospheric chemistry
Atmospheric chemistry is a branch of atmospheric science that studies the chemistry of the Earth's atmosphere and that of other planets. This multidisciplinary approach of research draws on environmental chemistry, physics, meteorology, computer modeling, oceanography, geology and volcanology, climatology and other disciplines to understand both natural and human-induced changes in atmospheric composition. Key areas of research include the behavior of trace gasses, the formation of pollutants, and the role of aerosols and greenhouse gasses. Through a combination of observations, laboratory experiments, and computer modeling, atmospheric chemists investigate the causes and consequences of atmospheric changes.
Ginger dressing
Ginger dressing (also called sesame ginger dressing or sesame dressing) is a Japanese-American salad dressing made with seasoned rice vinegar, minced garlic, minced onion, ginger, vegetable oil, scallions, sesame seeds, soy sauce, peppers, honey or corn syrup, and water. Its origin is commonly attributed to the Benihana chain of restaurants based out of New York during the 1960s.

Often served on salads at Japanese-American and Chinese-American restaurants, sesame ginger dressing is spicy and sweet.

Ingredients for a typical ginger dressing include: water, vegetable oil, sugar, soy sauce, garlic, onion, ginger, vinegar, and brown sugar.

American Chinese cuisine
American Chinese cuisine, also known as Sino–American cuisine and often referred to in American English as simply Chinese food, is a style of Chinese cuisine developed by Chinese Americans. The dishes served in North American Chinese restaurants are modified to suit customers' tastes and are often quite different from styles common in China. By the late 20th century, it was recognized as one of the many regional styles of Chinese cuisine.
Pound per hour
Pound per hour is a mass flow unit based on the international avoirdupois pound, which is used in both the British imperial and, being a former colony of Britain, the United States customary systems of measurement. It is abbreviated as PPH, or more conventionally as lb/h. Fuel flow for engines may be expressed using this unit. It is particularly useful when dealing with gases or liquids, as volume flow varies more with temperature and pressure.

In the US utility industry, steam and water flows throughout turbine cycles are typically expressed in PPH, while in almost all of the rest of the world these mass flows are expressed using the International System of Units (SI), the modern form of the metric system.

Minimum fuel intake on a jumbo jet can be as low as 150 lb/h (68 kg/h) when idling; however, this is not enough to sustain flight.

System of units of measurement
A system of units of measurement, also known as a system of units or system of measurement, is a collection of units of measurement and rules relating them to each other. Systems of measurement have historically been important, regulated and defined for the purposes of science and commerce. Instances in use include the International System of Units or SI (the modern form of the metric system), the British imperial system, and the United States customary system.
Sub Templum
Sub Templum is an album by British doom metal band Moss. Released in 2008, it is their first for Rise Above Records (owned by former Napalm Death and Cathedral vocalist Lee Dorrian) and second overall. It was produced by Electric Wizard guitarist/vocalist Jus Oborn, and it features 4 songs, two of which are over 20 minutes in length (with the longest, "Gate III" being 35:31).

This album saw Moss move away from the partly improvised flow of first album Cthonic Rites and towards more structured pieces, which became even more evident on 2009's following EP Tombs of the Blind Drugged. 
For his review, allmusic's Greg Prato gave the record 2 stars, saying that "the Moss gentlemen seem to be more interested in seeing how much air they can push out of their maxed-to-ten amplifiers than in songcraft."

Moss (band)
Moss was a three-piece English doom metal band that formed in 2001. Influenced by H. P. Lovecraft and the occult, songs usually average the 20 minute mark and incorporate dense and otherworldly atmospheres. Despite the use of extreme bass frequencies, Moss features no bass guitarist.
Tyburn Nuns
The Tyburn Nuns, formally, Adorers of the Sacred Heart of Jesus of Montmartre, is a Catholic congregation of Benedictine nuns. The congregation was originally founded in Paris but was obliged to find a new Mother House due to French legislation passed in 1901. Two years later it relocated to London and subsequently established additional convents in nine other countries. The nuns at the London convent practice the Perpetual Adoration of the Blessed Sacrament and maintain a shrine dedicated to the Catholic martyrs of the English Reformation.

Tyburn
Tyburn was a manor (estate) in London, Middlesex, England, one of two which were served by the parish of Marylebone.  Tyburn took its name from the Tyburn Brook, a tributary of the River Westbourne. The name Tyburn, from Teo Bourne, means 'boundary stream'.

The parish, and probably therefore also the manor, was bounded by Roman roads to the west (modern Edgware Road) and south (modern Oxford Street). The junction of these was the site of the famous Tyburn Gallows (known colloquially as the "Tyburn Tree"), now occupied by Marble Arch. For many centuries the name Tyburn was synonymous with capital punishment: it was the principal place for execution for London and Middlesex criminals and convicted traitors, including many religious martyrs. In the 18th century it was also known as "God's Tribunal". Hangings at Tyburn often included a sometimes raucous procession of the condemned from Newgate Gaol in the City – at the end of the 18th century, the hangings were moved to Newgate.
Khae Rai
Khae Rai (Thai: แคราย, pronounced [kʰɛ̄ː rāːj]) is the name of a major road intersection and its surrounding neighborhood in downtown Nonthaburi, a northern suburb city of Bangkok and the administrative seat of Nonthaburi province. Formed by the crossing of Ngam Wong Wan/Rattanathibet and Tiwanon roads, it lies within Bang Kraso subdistrict of Mueang Nonthaburi district, and is home to government offices of both the city and the province as well as commercial and residential developments. It serves as a mass transit interchange between the MRT Purple Line and Pink Line, as well as the planned Brown Line.

Mueang Nonthaburi district
Mueang Nonthaburi (Thai: เมืองนนทบุรี, RTGS: Mueang Nonthaburi, pronounced [mɯ̄aŋ nōn.tʰá(ʔ).bū.rīː]) is the capital district (amphoe mueang) of Nonthaburi province in Thailand. The city of Nonthaburi has 267,001 inhabitants, while the whole district has 348,553.
Kucher (surname)
Kucher (Russian: Кучер) is a surname of East Slavic origin meaning "coachman". The word itself is of German origin (Kutscher). Notable people with the surname include:

Alyosha (born Olena Kucher in 1986), Ukrainian singer

Danylo Kucher, Ukrainian footballer

Dmytro Kucher, Ukrainian boxer

Justin Kutcher

Karol Kennedy Kucher (1932–2004), American skater

Mykola Kucher

Oleksandr Kucher (born 1982), Ukrainian footballer

Oleksiy Kucher

Philip Kucher

Yana Kucher, former member of The Kissing Party

Oleksandr Kucher
Oleksandr Mykolayovych Kucher (Ukrainian: Олександр Миколайович Кучер; born 22 October 1982) is a Ukrainian former professional footballer and current football manager. He was a powerful defender who was good in the air and provided good coverage in the back. He could also play as a defensive midfielder.

A Shakhtar Donetsk player from 2006 until 2017, he won many honours including Premier League titles and the 2008–09 UEFA Cup. He made his senior international debut in 2006 and represented Ukraine when they co-hosted UEFA Euro 2012.
Biddick Hall
Biddick Hall is an area in the town of South Shields, in Tyne and Wear, England.
Biddick Hall is known for its infant and junior school as well as its conveniences and shops. Biddick Hall is a medium-size council estate in the borough of South Tyneside and has many links to South Shields Town Centre and surrounding areas via its bus services run by Stagecoach and Go North East. Biddick Hall is in walking distance to its nearest 'Comprehensive School', Boldon School.

Go North East
Go North East is a bus operator running both local and regional bus services in County Durham, Cumbria, Northumberland, North Yorkshire and Tyne and Wear, England. It was previously known as the Northern General Transport Company and Go-Ahead Northern. The company was the foundation of today's Go-Ahead Group, which now operates bus and rail services across the United Kingdom, as well as Germany, Ireland, Norway and Singapore.