hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kathleen Stoody
Kathleen Erin Phelan Stoody (born March 10, 1982, in North Vancouver, British Columbia) is a breaststroke swimmer from Canada, who won two medals (silver and bronze) at the 2003 Pan American Games in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.

North Vancouver (city)
The City of North Vancouver is a municipality city on the North Shore of the Burrard Inlet, in British Columbia, Canada. Anchored by the downtown town centre of Lonsdale, with which its urban core is largely synonymous, it consists of the smallest and most urbanized of the communities situated north of the city of Vancouver, and is part of the Metro Vancouver regional district, though it has significant industry of its own – including shipping, chemical production, and film production. The city is served by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, British Columbia Ambulance Service, and the North Vancouver City Fire Department.
Jim Chu
Jim Chu, COM (simplified Chinese: 朱小荪; traditional Chinese: 朱小蓀; pinyin: Zhū Xiǎosūn) is a former-Chief Constable of the Vancouver Police Department (VPD). On June 21, 2007, Chu was named as the successor of Chief Constable Jamie Graham. On January 23, 2015, it was announced Chu was planning to retire after a 36-year career with Vancouver Police  and he did officially do so on May 6, 2015, upon the swearing-in of his successor, Adam Palmer.

Vancouver Police Department
The Vancouver Police Department (VPD) (French: Service de police de Vancouver) is the police force in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. It is one of several police departments within the Metro Vancouver Area and is the second largest police force in the province after RCMP "E" Division.

VPD was the first Canadian municipal police force to hire a female officer and the first to start a marine squad.

VPD, along with twelve other BC municipal police forces, seconds officers to the Combined Forces Special Enforcement Unit – British Columbia.

VPD now occupies the former Vancouver Organizing Committee for the 2010 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games (VANOC) building at 3585 Graveley Street, which houses administrative and specialized investigation units.
Grannis (surname)
Grannis (variation Granniss) is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Elizabeth Bartlett Grannis (1840–1926), American editor, publisher and suffragist

Kina Grannis (born 1985), American singer-songwriter

LeRoy Grannis (1917–2011), American photographer

Susanna Grannis (born 1937), American academic

Paul Grannis (born 1938), American physicist

Pete Grannis (born 1942/1943), American politician

Ruth S. Granniss (1872-1954), American librarian

LeRoy Grannis
LeRoy "Granny" Grannis (August 12, 1917 – February 3, 2011) was a veteran photographer. His portfolio of photography of surfing and related sea images from the 1960s enjoys a reputation that led The New York Times to dub him "the godfather of surfphotography." He was born in Hermosa Beach, California.
Intermittent claudication
Intermittent claudication, also known as vascular claudication, is a symptom that describes muscle pain on mild exertion (ache, cramp, numbness or sense of fatigue), classically in the calf muscle, which occurs during exercise, such as walking, and is relieved by a short period of rest. It is classically associated with early-stage peripheral artery disease, and can progress to critical limb ischemia unless treated or risk factors are modified and maintained.

Claudication derives from Latin  claudicare 'to limp'.

Myalgia
Myalgia or muscle pain is a painful sensation evolving from muscle tissue. It is a symptom of many diseases. The most common cause of acute myalgia is the overuse of a muscle or group of muscles; another likely cause is viral infection, especially when there has been no injury.

Long-lasting myalgia can be caused by metabolic myopathy, some nutritional deficiencies, ME/CFS, fibromyalgia, and amplified musculoskeletal pain syndrome.
Prismatomeris borneensis
Prismatomeris borneensis is a species of flowering plant belonging to the family Rubiaceae.  It is a tree native to northern Sarawak and southwestern Sabah states of Malaysia on the island of Borneo.

It was first named Motleyia borneensis and placed in the monotypic genus Motleyia. Both the genus and species were first described and published in Blumea Vol.32 on pages 149–150 in 1987. It was placed in genus Prismatomeris in 2020. The genus name Motleyia is in honour of James Motley (1822–1859), a Yorkshireman closely associated with South Wales and Borneo. The Latin specific epithet of borneensis means "coming from Borneo".

Blumea (journal)
Blumea - Journal of Plant Taxonomy and Plant Geography (Tijdschrift voor de Systematiek en de Geografie der Planten in Dutch) is a peer-reviewed journal of botany published by the National Herbarium of the Netherlands.

Except for a short period during World War II, Blumea has been published continuously since 1934. It deals with the taxonomy, morphology, anatomy, biogeography, and ecology of spermatophytes and cryptogams native to Southeast Asia, sub-Saharan Africa (excluding South Africa), and South America. Blumea is published three times a year, with each issue numbering around 600 pages.
Radio in Japan
Radio broadcasting has been used in Japan since its debut in 1925 when three local stations in Tokyo, Nagoya and Osaka, forerunners of the public company NHK, received permission from the government to start broadcasting.

During World War II, radio programmes ended up reflecting the militaristic policies of the Japanese government and throughout the conflict, radio was an important propaganda weapon of the state. With the reform of the broadcasting system in 1950, NHK became an independent company supported by the licence fee paid by listeners, and at the same time the market for commercial broadcasting was liberalised. Thus the first private networks such as Japan Radio Network, National Radio Network, Japan FM Network and Japan FM League were born.

With the advent of television, the radio medium gradually lost its role as the main source of entertainment and information for the Japanese, and today only a fraction of the population listens to the radio frequently.

Television licence
A television licence or broadcast receiving licence is a payment required in many countries for the reception of television broadcasts or the possession of a television set. In some countries, a licence is also required to own a radio or receive radio broadcasts. In such countries, some broadcasts are funded in full or in part by the licence fees. Licence fees are effectively a hypothecated tax to fund public broadcasting.
José Ruperto Monagas
José Ruperto Monagas Oriach (1831 – 12 June 1880) was a Venezuelan politician, son of José Tadeo Monagas and Luisa Oriach. He was the president of Venezuela between 1869–1870.

As a representative of the city of Maturín, he made the Constitution of April of that year. In March of the following year, he was appointed commander of Barcelona, a position from which he was a supporter of President Julián Castro, despite which General Justo Briceño, a representative of the Government, imprisoned him in the castle of Puerto Cabello distrusting his loyalty. towards the regime.

Maturín
Maturín (Spanish pronunciation: [matuˈɾin]) is a city in Venezuela, the capital of the Venezuelan state of Monagas and a centre for instrumental exploration and development of the petroleum industry in Venezuela. The metropolitan area of Maturín has a population of 401,384 inhabitants. Maturín is also a busy regional transportation hub, connecting routes from the northeastern coast to the Orinoco Delta and the Gran Sabana.
AnonCoders
AnonCoders is a group of computer hackers. Using denial of service attacks, database hijacking, database leaks, admin panel takeovers, and other defacements, the group mainly targets Israeli websites in protest of crimes allegedly committed against the Palestinian people on behalf of Israel. AnonCoders began operation in January 2015.

AnonCoders' first attack was leveled against several major Israeli websites. In February, it attacked numerous French websites in opposition to cartoons of the Islamic prophet Muhammad published in Charlie Hebdo Magazine. The group has vandalized sites in Israel, Europe, and the United States.

Cartoon
A cartoon is a type of visual art that is typically drawn, frequently animated, in an unrealistic or semi-realistic style. The specific meaning has evolved, but the modern usage usually refers to either: an image or series of images intended for satire, caricature, or humor; or a motion picture that relies on a sequence of illustrations for its animation. Someone who creates cartoons in the first sense is called a cartoonist, and in the second sense they are usually called an animator.

The concept originated in the Middle Ages, and first described a preparatory drawing for a piece of art, such as a painting, fresco, tapestry, or stained glass window. In the 19th century, beginning in Punch magazine in 1843, cartoon came to refer – ironically at first – to humorous artworks in magazines and newspapers. Then it also was used for political cartoons and comic strips. When the medium developed, in the early 20th century, it began to refer to animated films that resembled print cartoons.
Ponguleti Sudhakar Reddy
Ponguleti Sudhakar Reddy is an Indian politician belonging to Bharatiya Janata Party. He is a Member of Legislative Council in Andhra Pradesh and previously was Secretary, All India Congress Committee.

All India Congress Committee
The All India Congress Committee (AICC) is the presidium or the central decision-making assembly of the Indian National Congress. It is composed of members elected from state-level Pradesh Congress Committees and can have as many as a thousand members. It is the AICC that elects members of the Congress Working Committee and the Congress President, who is also the head of the AICC.

The organisational executives of the AICC are several general-secretaries selected by the Congress President and the members of the Congress Working Committee. AICC is responsible for decision-making and policy formulation for the party at the national level. It also sets the party's agenda and strategies for national and state-level elections.
Lepsy (river)
The Lepsy (Kazakh: Лепсі, Lepsı; Russian: Лепсы) also known as the Lepsa River or the Lepsi River, is a river of the Balkhash-Alakol Basin, south-eastern Kazakhstan. It originates in the Dzungarian Alatau Mountains north of the border with China, and flows into the endorheic Lake Balkhash. The river is 417 kilometres (259 mi) long and has a basin area of 8,100 square kilometres (3,100 sq mi). The Lepsy is the easternmost of the two small rivers that flow into the eastern Balkhash on the south bank, the other being the Aksu. The Lepsy is one of the main rivers of the historic region of Zhetysu.

Jetisu
45°N 78°E﻿ / ﻿45°N 78°E﻿ / 45; 78

Jetisu (Kazakh: Жетісу, IPA: [(d)ʑetʰɪ̥sʊ́w]), also known as Semirechye (Russian: Семиречье, IPA: [sʲɪmʲɪˈrʲetɕje]) and Heptopotamia, is a historical region in Central Asia corresponding to the southeastern part of modern Kazakhstan.
Catrin Stewart
Catrin Stewart (born 29 January 1988) is a Welsh actress, known for playing Jenny Flint in the BBC science fiction series Doctor Who (2011–2014), Emma Morris in the Sky One comedy drama Stella (2012–2017) and PC Gina Jenkins in the S4C crime drama Bang (2017–2020). She also portrayed Lily in Misfits (2010–2011).

Misfits (TV series)
Misfits is a British science fiction comedy-drama television show that aired on E4. The show premiered on 12 November 2009 and concluded on 11 December 2013 in its fifth season. Misfits is about a group of young offenders sentenced to work in a community service programme who obtain supernatural powers after a strange electrical storm.
Second modernity
Second modernity is a phrase coined by the German sociologist Ulrich Beck, and is his word for the period after modernity.

Where modernity broke down agricultural society in favour of industrial society, second modernity transforms industrial society into a new and more reflexive network society or information society.

Network society
Network society is the set of social, political, economic, and cultural changes brought about by the widespread use of networked digital information and communication technologies.

The intellectual origins of the idea can be traced back to the work of early social theorists such as Georg Simmel who analyzed the effect of modernization and industrial capitalism on complex patterns of affiliation, organization, production and experience.
Robert Boyd (paediatrician)
Sir Robert David Hugh Boyd (born 14 May 1938) is a British paediatrician and head of research and Development for Greater Manchester NHS. From 1989 to 1993 he was Dean of the Medical School and Professor of Paediatrics at the University of Manchester. From 1993 to 1996 he was Chair of the Manchester Health authority. He was Principal of St George's Hospital Medical School, University of London, 1996–2003, and Pro-Vice-Chancellor of the University of London from 2000 to 2003. He was made a Knight Bachelor in 2004. He is the son of James Dixon Boyd.

Victoria University of Manchester
The Victoria University of Manchester, usually referred to as simply the University of Manchester, was a university in Manchester, England. It was founded in 1851 as Owens College. In 1880, the college joined the federal Victoria University. After the break-up of the Victoria University, it gained an independent university charter in 1904 as the Victoria University of Manchester.

On 1 October 2004, the Victoria University of Manchester merged with the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST) to form a new, larger entity named the University of Manchester.
Afega Gaualofa
Aliki Faipule Afega Gaualofa is a Tokelauan politician who served as the 24th and 26th Head of Government of Tokelau from 8 March 2016 to 6 March 2017 and again from 5 March 2018 to 12 March 2019. He had also served as the Faipule (leader) of Fakaofo atoll.

Fakaofo
Fakaofo, formerly known as Bowditch Island, is a South Pacific Ocean atoll located in the Tokelau Group. The actual land area is only about 3 km2 (1.1 sq mi), consisting of islets on a coral reef surrounding a central lagoon of some 45 km2. According to the 2006 census 483 people officially live on Fakaofo (however just 370 were present at census night). Of those present 70% belong to the Congregational Church and 22% to the Catholic Church.
Bow City, Alberta (hamlet)
Bow City is a hamlet located in southeast Alberta, Canada within the County of Newell. It is located on Highway 539 on the north shore of the Bow River approximately 27 km (17 mi) southwest of the City of Brooks. The former Village of Bow City is located 3.5 km (2.2 mi) to the west on the south side of the Bow River in Vulcan County.

Brooks, Alberta
Brooks is a city in southeast Alberta, Canada in the County of Newell. It is on Highway 1 (Trans-Canada Highway) and the Canadian Pacific Kansas City railway, approximately 186 km (116 mi) southeast of Calgary, and 110 km (68 mi) northwest of Medicine Hat. The city has an elevation of 760 m (2,490 ft).
Timex Computer 3256
The TC 3256 or Timex Computer 3256 was a 1987 computer created by Timex of Portugal, a branch of Timex Corporation.

It was a third generation Sinclair ZX Spectrum compatible computer, with expanded capabilities and new TEC - Timex Extended Commands BASIC commands supporting the AY-3-8912 sound chip, RS-232 network and the 512x192 pixel high resolution graphic mode.

Besides the legacy Sinclair BASIC, the ROM included a word processor (Timeword),  Timex Extended Basic (with support for the Tenet network, floppy disks and RAM drive) and a CP/M terminal emulator.
RAM was expanded to 256kb.

At least one prototype was built, but the machine never reached the market due to Timex of Portugal shutting  down its production line before its release.

Sinclair Research
Sinclair Research Ltd is a British consumer electronics company founded by Clive Sinclair in Cambridge in the 1970s. In 1980, the company entered the home computer market with the ZX80 at £99.95, at that time the cheapest personal computer for sale in the United Kingdom. A year later, the ZX81 became available through retailers, introducing home computing to a generation, with more than 1.5 million sold. In 1982 the ZX Spectrum was released, becoming the UK's best selling computer, and competing aggressively against Commodore and Amstrad.

A combination of the failures of the Sinclair QL computer and the TV80 pocket television led to financial difficulties in 1985, and a year later Sinclair sold the rights to its computer products and brand name to Amstrad. Sinclair Research Ltd continued to exist as a one-man company, marketing Clive Sinclair's inventions.
Flannabhra
Flannabhra, King of Umaill, died 773.

Flannabhra was lord of Umaill, the area around Clew Bay in what is now County Mayo. He is the first historically accepted king.

His pedigree is Flannbhra mac Cumusgrach mac Aongus mac Seachnusach mac Eochaidh Sine mac Tuathal mac Airmedach mac Conall Oirisen mac Brian Orbsen, connecting them to the Ui Briuin of Connacht. Both Knox and subsequent historians regard the relationship to the Ui Briuin to be a fiction, designed to give them an acceptable alliance with the Ui Briuin, who were Kings of Connacht

His great-grandson, Maille mac Conall, would become the ancestor and eponym of the Ó Máille clan.

Maille mac Conall
Maille mac Conall, member of the Umhaill, ancestor and eponym of the O'Malley family of County Mayo.

Maille was a grandson of Cosgrach mac Flannbhrath, king of Ui Maill (died 812). He had an unnamed brother, from whom the O'Gormghaile family descend. His father's brother, Colman, is given as ancestor of an O'Colman family, while Fergus, a son of Flannabhra mac Cumusgrach (died 773), is given as an ancestor of the family of Fergus and the Muinter Rooney.

Maille himself does not appear in the Irish annals. He appears in a number of genealogical collections, such as Dubhaltach MacFhirbhisigh's Leabhar na nGenealach. Hubert T. Knox made use of this source when drawing up family trees of the Ui Mail, and gives the O'Malley genealogy in his book, The History of Mayo.
Roman Catholic Diocese of Zamość–Lubaczów
The Diocese of Zamość-Lubaczów (Latin: Dioecesis Zamosciensis-Lubaczoviensis) is a suffragan Latin diocese of the Catholic Church in the ecclesiastical province of Przemyśl in Poland.

Its cathedral episcopal see is Katedra Zmartwychwstania Pańskiego i św. Tomasza Apostoła, a  World Heritage Site dedicated to Resurrection and the St. Thomas the Apostle, in the city of Zamość, Lubelskie. It also has

a Co-cathedral: Konkatedra św. Stanisława, dedicated to Saint Stanislaus, in Lubaczów, Podkarpackie

a Minor Basilica: Bazylika św. Antoniego z Padwy, in Radecznica, Lubelskie

a second World Heritage Site: Cerkiew św.  Paraskewy, in Radruż, Podkarpackie.

Zamość
Zamość (Polish: [ˈzamɔɕt͡ɕ] ⓘ; Yiddish: זאמאשטש, romanized: Zamoshtsh; Latin: Zamoscia) is a historical city in southeastern Poland. It is situated in the southern part of Lublin Voivodeship, about 90 km (56 mi) from Lublin, 247 km (153 mi) from Warsaw. In 2021, the population of Zamość was 62,021.

Zamość was founded in 1580 by Jan Zamoyski, Grand Chancellor of Poland, who envisioned an ideal city. The historical centre of Zamość was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1992, following a decision of the sixteenth ordinary session of the World Heritage Committee, held between 7 and 14 December 1992 in Santa Fe, New Mexico, United States; it was recognized for being "a unique example of a Renaissance town in Central Europe".

Zamość is about 20 kilometres (12 miles) from the Roztocze National Park.
Wasdale Horseshoe
The Wasdale Horseshoe is a group of hills on the eastern fringe of the English Lake District, to the west of the A6, south of Shap, Cumbria. They surround the valley of Wasdale Beck, a tributary of Birk Beck and ultimately of the River Lune. The horseshoe is the subject of a chapter of Wainwright's book The Outlying Fells of Lakeland. This Wasdale should not be confused with the better known Wasdale, containing Wast Water, on the west of the Lake District.

Wainwright's clockwise walk starts from the highest point of the A6 at 1,400 feet (430 m).  The summits reached are Whatshaw Common at 1,593 feet (486 m), Little Yarlside at 1,691 feet (515 m), Great Yarlside (the third highest of the Outlying Fells) at 1,986 feet (605 m) and Wasdale Pike at 1,852 feet (564 m).

Wasdale Pike is within the Shap Fells area, which is a Site of Special Scientific Interest.

Wast Water
Wast Water or Wastwater (/ˈwɒst wɔːtər/) is a lake located in Wasdale, a valley in the western part of the Lake District National Park, England. The lake is almost three miles (five kilometres) long and more than one-third mile (500 m) wide. It is a glacial lake, formed in a glacially "over-deepened" valley. It is the deepest lake in England at 258 feet (79 m). The surface of the lake is about 200 feet (60 m) above sea level, while its bottom is over 50 feet (15 m) below sea level. It is considered relatively clear (oligotrophic). It is owned by the National Trust.
New Zealand five-cent coin
The New Zealand five-cent coin was the lowest denomination coin of the New Zealand dollar from 1990 to 2006. The five-cent coin was introduced when the New Zealand dollar was introduced on 10 July 1967, replacing the New Zealand sixpence coin. On 31 July 2006 it was eliminated as part of a revision of New Zealand's coins, and it was demonetised (no longer legal tender) as of 1 November 2006.

Withdrawal of low-denomination coins
The withdrawal of a country's lowest-denomination coins from circulation (usually a one-cent coin or equivalent) may either be through a decision to remove the coins from circulation, or simply through ceasing minting. This usually occurs after inflation or increased production costs for the coin. The coin being removed usually has a poor seigniorage, which means the coin costs as much if not more to produce than it is worth at face value.
Bushveld
The Bushveld (from Afrikaans: bosveld, Afrikaans: bos 'bush' and Afrikaans: veld) is a sub-tropical woodland ecoregion of Southern Africa. The ecoregion straddles the Tropic of Capricorn and constitutes the southern part of the Zambezian region. It encompasses most of Limpopo and a small part of North West in South Africa, the Central and North-East Districts of Botswana and the Matabeleland South and part of Matabeleland North provinces of Zimbabwe. The Kruger National Park has a number of 'Bushveld' camps, but these are strictly speaking in the lowveld, as these terms are sometimes used interchangeably. Although their limits are somewhat blurred, lowveld is generally restricted to the more easterly parts of South Africa and Zimbabwe.

North-East District (Botswana)
The North-East District is one of the administrative districts of Botswana. Its capital is Francistown. In 2011, North-East had a population of 60,264 people. The district is predominantly occupied by Kalanga-speaking people, the BaKalanga. The district is administered by a district administration and district council, which are responsible for local administration.

In the north and east, the district borders the Matabeleland South Province of Zimbabwe, and the border in the east is predominantly along the Ramokgwebana River. In the south and west, the district borders the Central District along the Shashe River.