hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lava balloon
A lava balloon is a gas-filled bubble of lava that floats on the sea surface. It can be up to several metres in size. When it emerges from the sea, it is usually hot and often steaming. After floating for some time it fills with water and sinks again.

Lava balloons can form in lava flows entering the sea and at volcanic vents, but they are not common. They have been observed in the Azores, Canary Islands, Hawaii, Japan, Mariana Islands and Mexico. Apparently, they are generated when gases trapped within magma form large bubbles that eventually rise to the sea surface. In the Canary Islands, balloons containing sediments were used to infer the age of the basement on which the volcano is constructed; these sediments were also at first misinterpreted as evidence of an impending large explosive eruption.

Submarine volcano
Water vapor cloud

Water

Stratum

Lava flow

Magma conduit

Magma chamber

Dike

Pillow lava

Submarine volcanoes are underwater vents or fissures in the Earth's surface from which magma can erupt. Many submarine volcanoes are located near areas of tectonic plate formation, known as mid-ocean ridges. The volcanoes at mid-ocean ridges alone are estimated to account for 75% of the magma output on Earth. Although most submarine volcanoes are located in the depths of seas and oceans, some also exist in shallow water, and these can discharge material into the atmosphere during an eruption. The total number of submarine volcanoes is estimated to be over one million (most are now extinct) of which some 75,000 rise more than 1 kilometre (0.62 miles) above the seabed. Only 119 submarine volcanoes in Earth's oceans and seas are known to have erupted during the last 11,700 years.

Hydrothermal vents, sites of abundant biological activity, are commonly found near submarine volcanoes.
Hell's Kitchen (American TV series) season 2
The second season of the American competitive reality television series Hell's Kitchen premiered on Fox on June 12, 2006, and concluded on August 14, 2006. Gordon Ramsay returned as host and head chef, while Scott Leibfried returned as the Blue Team's sous-chef and Mary-Ann Salcedo returned as the Red Team's sous-chef. Jean-Philippe Susilovic returned as maître d'.

The season was won by sous-chef Heather West, with salad chef Virginia Dalbeck finishing second.

Scott Leibfried
Scott Leibfried is an American chef and culinary consultant best known for his work hosting and participating in cooking-related competition programs Hell's Kitchen and the Food Network Challenge. Leibfried was born in New York City as the younger of two children.
Dixon Wecter
Dixon Wecter (January 12, 1906 – June 24, 1950) was an American historian. He was "the first professor of American History" at the University of Sydney, and the Margaret Byrne Professor of United States History at the University of California, Berkeley. He was the author of more than three books.

Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company (HMH)
(/ˈhoʊtən/,
HOH-tən)
is an American publisher of textbooks, instructional technology materials, assessments, and reference works. The company is based in the Boston Financial District. It was formerly known as the Houghton Mifflin Company, but it changed its name following the 2007 acquisition of Harcourt Publishing. Before March 2010, it was a subsidiary of Education Media and Publishing Group Limited, an Irish-owned holding company registered in the Cayman Islands and formerly known as Riverdeep. In 2022, it was acquired by Veritas Capital, a New York–based private-equity firm.
United States at the 1936 Summer Olympics
The United States, the previous host of the 1932 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California, competed at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, Germany. The Americans finished second in the medal table behind the hosts. 359 competitors, 313 men and 46 women, took part in 127 events in 21 sports.

George Hunt (rower)
George Elwood Hunt Jr. (August 1, 1916 – September 3, 1999) was an American rower who won Olympic gold at the 1936 Summer Olympics.

Born in Puyallup, Washington, Hunt took up rowing at the University of Washington. He rowed in UW senior varsity eights which won US national Intercollegiate Rowing Association titles in 1936 and 1937. At the 1936 Summer Olympics, he won the gold medal rowing in the six seat of the American boat in the men's eight competition.

An engineering graduate, Hunt served as a Seabee in the South-Pacific theatre of WWII. He founded construction firms in Seattle and consulted on The Burien Library and Seattle University's Lemieux Library. He worked in the Port of Seattle's engineering department before retiring in 1980.
Vimonda
Vimonda is a 1787 tragedy by the Scottish writer Andrew Macdonald. After first appearing at the Theatre Royal, Edinburgh in was then staged at London's Theatre Royal, Haymarket on 5 September 1787. The original Haymarket cast included Elizabeth Kemble as Vimonda, Stephen Kemble as Rothsay, John Bannister as Melville, Robert Bensley as Dundore, James Aickin as Barnard and Frances Barnet Woollery as Alfreda.

John Bannister (actor)
John Bannister (12 May 1760 – 7 November 1836) was an English actor and theatre manager. The principal source for his life are his own Memoirs, and as a leading performer his career is well documented.
Carnival (Natalie Merchant song)
"Carnival" is a song written and produced by American singer-songwriter Natalie Merchant and was the lead single from her debut solo album, Tigerlily (1995). In the lyrics, the protagonist describes a street scene as a carnival. Merchant was inspired to write the song after visiting New York City for the first time when she was 16, claiming she was fascinated with the residents' unusual lifestyles, as she grew up in rural areas.

The single was released in the United States in June 1995 and reached number 10 on the Billboard Hot 100, becoming Merchant's highest-charting solo single in the US. It is also her most successful hit in Australia, peaking at number 24 on the ARIA Singles Chart, and reached number 17 in Canada. The single received a radio edit cutting the song down from the six-minute LP version. The video for the song, directed by Melodie McDaniel, shows scenes of Merchant walking the streets of New York City taking street photographs with a Leica M3.

Leica M3
The Leica M3 is a 35 mm rangefinder camera by Ernst Leitz GmbH (now Leica Camera AG), introduced in 1954.  It was a new starting point for Leitz, which until then had only produced screw-mount Leica cameras that were incremental improvements to its original Leica (Ur-Leica). The M3 introduced several features to the Leica, among them the combination of viewfinder and rangefinder in one bright window, like on the Contax II, a bayonet lens mount, and rapid film advance lever. It was the most successful model of the M series, with over 220,000 units sold by the time production of the M3 model ended in 1967.

It was succeeded by a number of later film M series cameras, including the Leica M-A film camera in 2014.

The earliest Leica M3 pre-model that was built, sold at auction in 2009 for €72,000. In June 2019 a pre series model from 1952/1953 was sold for €360.000 at the 34th Leitz auction in Wetzlar.
Semi-structured data
Semi-structured data is a form of structured data that does not obey the tabular structure of data models associated with relational databases or other forms of data tables, but nonetheless contains tags or other markers to separate semantic elements and enforce hierarchies of records and fields within the data. Therefore, it is also known as self-describing structure.

In semi-structured data, the entities belonging to the same class may have different attributes even though they are grouped together, and the attributes' order is not important.

Semi-structured data are increasingly occurring since the advent of the Internet where full-text documents and databases are not the only forms of data anymore, and different applications need a medium for exchanging information. In object-oriented databases, one often finds semi-structured data.

Self-documenting code
In computer programming, self-documenting (or self-describing) source code and user interfaces follow naming conventions and structured programming conventions that enable use of the system without prior specific knowledge.
Indians in Cyprus
The community of Indians in Cyprus includes Indian expatriates in Cyprus and Cypriot citizens of Indian origin or descent. Cyprus has a much smaller community of Indians than other western countries, at about 7,250 members. They work primarily in the field of ICT (Information, Communication, Technology) and the shipping industry. A large number are employed in various offshore companies. The multi-national company Amdocs maintains an office in Limassol which currently employs over 250 Indian computer programmers.

The community also includes many students who have come to Cyprus to pursue higher studies. The population has grown almost ten-fold since 1997, when there were barely 300-400 long term Indians present.

Programmer
A programmer, computer programmer or coder is an author of computer source code – someone with skill in computer programming.
The professional titles software developer and software engineer may be used for jobs that require a programmer.
Blackjack Cars
Blackjack cars, founded by Richard Oakes in 1996, was a manufacturer of three-wheeled kit cars based in Helston, Cornwall, England. The company's first car, the Blackjack Avion, was produced from 1996 until 2004, replaced by the VW Beetle-engined Blackjack Zero. In 2008 a lighter variant of the Zero known as the Blackjack Guzzi was introduced, the name derived from the Moto Guzzi motorcycle engine that powers it.  Blackjack Zero kits have been unavailable since June 2013.

Helston
Helston (Cornish: Hellys) is a town and civil parish in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is situated at the northern end of the Lizard Peninsula approximately 12 miles (19 km) east of Penzance and 9 miles (14 km) south-west of Falmouth. Helston is the most southerly town on the island of Great Britain and is around 1+1⁄2 miles (2.5 kilometres) farther south than Penzance. At the 2021 census the population of the parish was 11,611 and the population of the built up area was 11,360.

The former stannary and cattle market town is best known for the annual Furry Dance (known locally as the Flora Dance), said to originate from the medieval period. However, the Hal-an-Tow is reputed to be of Celtic origin. The associated song and music, The Floral Dance, is known to have been written in 1911. In 2001, the town celebrated the 800th anniversary of the granting of its Charter.
Bourg-lès-Valence
Bourg-lès-Valence (French pronunciation: [buʁ lɛ valɑ̃s]; Occitan: Lo Borg de Valença) is a commune in the Drôme department in southeastern France. It is a suburb of Valence. The archaeologist and Hellenist Fernand Courby (1878–1932) was born in Bourg-lès-Valence.

In 2014–2019, Bourg-lès-Valence was twinned with the town of Shusha (Shushi) of the de facto independent Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, but de jure part of Azerbaijan. In 2019, the administrative court of Grenoble declared the partnership treaty null and void due to the municipality having exceeded its power by unilaterally signing it and France's non-recognition of the de facto state.

Fernand Courby
Fernand Henri Fabien Courby (19 January 1878 – 6 March 1932) was a French archaeologist and Hellenist, a specialist of ancient Greece, a member of the French School at Athens (class 1905), and professor at the Faculté des lettres of the University of Lyon.
Gangsta? (Tinchy Stryder song)
"Gangsta?" is a song by recording artist Tinchy Stryder. It was released as a promotional single on 28 May 2010. It was produced by TMS and co-written by Stryder and TMS, and included on Stryder's third studio album, Third Strike. It charted at number sixty-seven on the UK Singles Chart, becoming Stryder's second song to chart outside the UK top 40, since the single Stryderman from his second solo studio album, Catch 22 charting at seventy-three.

TMS (production team)
TMS are an English songwriting and record production team composed of Benjamin Kohn and Pete 'Merf' Kelleher. Tom 'Froe' Barnes was a member until early 2025. The duo have co-written records for a host of artists including Lewis Capaldi, Dua Lipa, Maroon 5, John Legend, David Guetta, Alicia Keys, and Raye. They have collectively had twenty top 10 singles, sold over 15 million records, accumulated over 5 billion streams and have contributed to over fifty top 40 albums. They co-wrote and produced Lewis Capaldi's "Someone You Loved" which spent seven consecutive weeks at number one and was the best selling single of 2019 in the UK. The song was nominated for Song of the Year at the 63rd annual Grammy Awards and won Song of the Year at the 2020 Brit Awards.
Martha (1810 ship)
Martha was launched at Quebec in 1810 and transferred her registry to Great Britain in 1811. In 1818 she transported convicts to Port Jackson, New South Wales. She remained in the South Pacific as a whaler until she was condemned in 1820 as unseaworthy and then sold for breaking up.

Penal transportation
Penal transportation (or simply transportation) was the relocation of convicted criminals, or other persons regarded as undesirable, to a distant place, often a colony, for a specified term; later, specifically established penal colonies became their destination. While the prisoners may have been released once the sentences were served, they generally did not have the resources to return home.
Mag-ingat Ka Sa... Kulam
Mag-ingat Ka sa... Kulam (lit. 'Beware of... Witchcraft') or Kulam is a Filipino fantasy- horror film co-written and directed by Jun Lana and starring Judy Ann Santos and Dennis Trillo. It is produced and released by Regal Films as part of their year-long 48th anniversary celebration. The film was released domestically on October 1, 2008.
The film is about a married woman who starts behaving unpredictably as she recovers from a terrible car accident.

Mag-ingat Ka sa... Kulam is the first film among others to be officially released without charge on YouTube by Regal Entertainment, on May 2, 2020.

Jun Lana
Rodolfo "Jun" Robles Lana Jr. (born October 10, 1972) is a Filipino filmmaker. The winner of 11 Palanca Awards for Literature, he became the youngest member of the Palanca Hall of Fame in 2006.
In 2015, he directed the actual one-shot film, Shadow Behind The Moon, which won the Best Director, NETPAC and FIPRESCI awards at the 13th Pacific Meridian Film Festival. At the 20th International Film Festival of Kerala, he won the Best Director award for the same film.
John Pook
John Barrie Pook (born 2 February 1942) is a British poet.

John Pook was born at Neath in South Wales, but grew up in Gowerton, near Swansea, and attended Gowerton Boys Grammar School. He afterwards took master's degrees, in English at Queens' College, Cambridge University (1964), and in Linguistics at Bangor University.

He has worked as an editor for an airline reservation company, and lives in the South of France. He has contributed to many poetry magazines and anthologies, and has published two collections of his verse –  That Cornish Facing Door published by Gomer Press ISBN 0850883172(1975) and Needing the Experience (2008).

In 1971, Pook won the Eric Gregory Award for Poetry.

Neath
Neath (/niːθ/; Welsh: Castell-nedd) is a market town and community situated in the Neath Port Talbot County Borough, Wales. The town had a population of 50,658 in 2011. The community of the parish of Neath had a population of 19,258 in 2011. Historically in Glamorgan, the town is located on the River Neath, seven miles (eleven kilometres) east-northeast of Swansea.
Kobe University
Kobe University (神戸大学, Kōbe daigaku), also known in the Kansai region as Shindai (神大), is a national research university located in Kobe, Hyōgo, Japan.

The university was established in 1949, but the academic origins of Kobe University trace back to the establishment of Kobe Higher Commercial School in 1902, which was renamed as Kobe University of Commerce in 1929, and Kobe University of Economics in 1940.

It comprises 14 graduate schools and 11 undergraduate faculties, and holds about 16,000 students enrolled in undergraduate and graduate programs. International students accounted for 1,179 members of the student body as of 1 May 2021. It also has 3,102 staff members, including professors, associate professors and administrative officials.

The university is known to be the sole university in Japan to have a faculty dedicated to maritime sciences. It was also the first university to establish a faculty dedicated to business administration in the country.

Masato Sagawa
Masato Sagawa (佐川眞人; born August 3, 1943, in Tokushima, Japan) is a Japanese scientist and entrepreneur, and the inventor of the sintered permanent neodymium magnet (NdFeB). 
Sagawa was awarded the Japan Prize and IEEE Medal for Environmental and Safety Technologies for his efforts.
Inay (1993 film)
Inay is a 1993 Filipino drama film directed by Artemio Marquez. The film stars Nora Aunor in the title role, along with Tirso Cruz III and Maridin Lumano. It was one of the entries in the 1993 Metro Manila Film Festival. This is the first film produced by couple Derek Dee, who is first introduced in this film, and Melanie Marquez under their film company Omni Films International.

The film is streaming online on YouTube.

1993 Metro Manila Film Festival
The 19th Metro Manila Film Festival was held in 1993.

Reyna Films' Kung Mawawala Ka Pa and Star Cinema's May Minamahal shared top honors in the 1993 Metro Manila Film Festival. Kung Mawawala Ka Pa was awarded Best Picture and received seven other awards including the Best Actress for Dawn Zulueta among others. On the other hand, May Minamahal won nine awards including the Best Actor for the second consecutive time winner Aga Muhlach, Best Director for Jose Javier Reyes, Second Best Picture, and the coveted Gatpuno Antonio J. Villegas Cultural Awards among others.

This year's festival was also the first to feature short films as part of their Short Film Endowment Program, which was organized in collaboration with Mowelfund Film Institute.
2011 Open Diputación Ciudad de Pozoblanco – Men's doubles
Marcel Granollers and Gerard Granollers were the defending men's doubles tennis champions in the  tournament, but decided not to participate.

First seeds Mikhail Elgin and Alexander Kudryavtsev won this event. They were supposed to play Illya Marchenko and Denys Molchanov; however the Ukrainian pair withdrew due to Marchenko's left knee injury.

Gerard Granollers
Gerard Granollers Pujol (Catalan pronunciation: [ʒəˈɾaɾ ɣɾənuˈʎes puˈʒɔl]; Spanish: [ɟʝeˈɾaɾ ɣɾanoˈʎeɾs puˈʝol]; born 30 January 1989 in Barcelona) is a former professional tennis player from Spain. He has won 12 ATP Challenger tournament titles, all of them in doubles.
His brother Marcel is also a tennis player, and they have won five Challenger doubles titles together.
Manfred on the Jungfrau (Martin)
Manfred on the Jungfrau is an 1837 watercolour painting by the English artist John Martin, now in Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery. The subject of the painting comes from Lord Byron's poem Manfred, specifically Act I scene II. It was painted by a number of 19th-century artists.

John Martin (painter)
John Martin (19 July 1789 – 17 February 1854) was an English Romanticist painter, engraver, and illustrator. He was known for his typically vast and dramatic paintings of religious subjects and fantastic compositions, populated with minute figures placed in imposing landscapes. Martin's paintings, and the prints made from them, enjoyed great success with the general public, with Thomas Lawrence referring to him as "the most popular painter of his day". He was also criticised by John Ruskin and other critics.
Euoniticellus intermedius
Euoniticellus intermedius (also known as the Northern Sandy Dung Beetle) is a species of dung beetle in the family Scarabaeidae. E. intermedius is native to Southeastern Africa but has spread to the United States, Mexico, and Australia. E. intermedius acts as an important agricultural agent due to its improvement of soil quality and removal of parasitic pests.

Adults of the species are brown in color and exhibit sexual dimorphism. Males can be identifying by their blunt, curved horns, which are used to fight with other males for female mates.

These beetles spend their entire lives in dung pads. They are of the tunneling variety of dung beetles, which bring dung into their tunnels as opposed to living in the dung or rolling the dung away.

Scarabaeidae
The family Scarabaeidae, as currently defined, consists of over 35,000 species of beetles worldwide; they are often called scarabs or scarab beetles. The classification of this family has undergone significant change. Several groups formerly treated as subfamilies have been elevated to family rank (e.g., Bolboceratidae, Geotrupidae, Glaresidae, Glaphyridae, Hybosoridae, Ochodaeidae, and Pleocomidae), and some reduced to lower ranks. The subfamilies listed in this article are in accordance with those in Catalog of Life (2023).
1928 Australian Championships – Women's doubles
The first seeds Daphne Akhurst and Esna Boyd defeated the fourth seeds Kathleen Le Messurier and Dorothy Weston 6–3, 6–1 in the final, to win the women's doubles tennis title at the 1928 Australian Championships.

Kathleen Le Messurier
Kathleen Le Messurier (12 July 1898 – 1 January 1981) was a female tennis player from Australia who was active in the 1920s and 1930s.

Le Messurier was the youngest daughter of Ernest Le Messurier (8 May 1861– 8 September 1937) and Jessie Rainforth Le Messurier, née Neill, (4 June 1878 – 16 September 1942). She played competitive tennis for the Methodist Ladies College and later the Semaphore and East Torrens Tennis Clubs.

She was a runner-up in the 1932 Australian Championships singles competition, losing in the final to compatriot Coral McInnes Buttsworth in straight sets, 4–6, 7–9. She also reached the doubles final in 1924, 1925, 1928 and 1932 but lost on all four occasions.

In October 1927 she won the singles and doubles title at the Adelaide Championships. In March 1928 she won the South Australian Championships played in Adelaide.
2026 Alpine Skiing World Cup – Men's super-G
The men's super-G in the 2026 FIS Alpine Skiing World Cup is scheduled to consist of nine events, including the final.  The season is scheduled to begin with a super-G at Copper Mountain, Colorado (U.S.) on 27 November 2025 (the first World Cup visit to Copper Mountain for the men since 1976), followed by a visit to nearby Beaver Creek on 6 December 2025 and then to proceed to Europe for the remainder of the races, according to the initial schedule released on 12 June 2025. Among those races is a first: for the first time ever, an Alpine World Cup race is being held in Livigno, Italy, on the Tagliede – Li Zeta slope.

The season will be interrupted for the quadrennial 2026 Winter Olympics in three regions in Italy – Milan, the Stelvio Pass, and Cortina d'Ampezzo – during 6–22 February 2026. All of the Alpine skiing events for men are scheduled to take place on the classic Stelvio course at Bormio. The championship in men's super-G is scheduled to be held on Wednesday, 11 February.

Bormio
Bormio (Lombard: Bormi, Romansh: Buormⓘ, German: Worms im Veltlintal) is a town and comune with a population of about 4,100 located in the Province of Sondrio, Lombardy region of the Alps in northern Italy.

The centre of the upper Valtellina valley, it is a popular winter sports resort. It was the site of the Alpine World Ski Championships in 1985 and 2005, and annually hosts the Alpine Ski World Cup. In addition to modern skiing facilities, the town is noted for the presence of several hot springs that have been tapped to provide water to three thermal baths.