hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Philaea
Philaea or Philaia (Ancient Greek: Φιλαία), also called Palaeae or Palaiai and Palaea or Palaia, was a town on the coast of ancient Cilicia mentioned in the Stadiasmus Maris Magni.

Its site is located near Tahta Limanı (on Eğribük bay) in Asiatic Turkey. Although there are very few ruins, an underwater survey reveals that most of the ruins are submerged in the water. There is also a necropolis. Judging from the grave types it is believed that Philaea was a Roman town.

Cilicia
Cilicia (/sɪˈlɪʃə/, sil-ISH-ə) is a geographical region of southern Anatolia in West Asia, extending inland from the northeastern coasts of the Mediterranean Sea. Cilicia borders Pamphylia to the west, Lycaonia and Cappadocia to the north, Commagene to the north-east, Syria to the east and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. Cilicia has a population ranging over six million, concentrated mostly at the Cilician plain (Turkish: Çukurova). The region includes the provinces of Mersin, Adana, Osmaniye and Hatay.
Celebration (Bheki Mseleku album)
Celebration is the debut album by the South African musician Bheki Mseleku. It was on the short list of nominees for the 1992 Mercury Prize. Courtney Pine contributed to the album, which was recorded in two days.

Courtney Pine
Courtney Pine, CBE (born 18 March 1964) is a British jazz musician, who was the principal founder in the 1980s of the black British band the Jazz Warriors. Although known primarily for his saxophone playing, Pine is a multi-instrumentalist, also playing the flute, clarinet, bass clarinet and keyboards. On his 2011 album, Europa, he plays almost exclusively bass clarinet.
Henry Holmes (composer)
Henry Holmes (7 November 1839 – 9 December 1905) was a British violinist, composer, and music educator. His compositional output includes a violin concerto, several works for solo violin, five symphonies, a concert overture, two sacred cantatas for solo voices, chorus, and orchestra, and other chamber and choral works.

Violin concerto
A violin concerto is a concerto for solo violin (occasionally, two or more violins) and instrumental ensemble (customarily orchestra). Such works have been written since the Baroque period, when the solo concerto form was first developed, up through the present day. Many major composers have contributed to the violin concerto repertoire.

Traditionally a three-movement work, the violin concerto has been structured in four movements by a number of modern composers, including Dmitri Shostakovich, Igor Stravinsky, and Alban Berg. In some violin concertos, especially from the Baroque and modern eras, the violin (or group of violins) is accompanied by a chamber ensemble rather than an orchestra—for instance, in Vivaldi's L'estro armonico, originally scored for four violins, two violas, cello, and continuo, and in Allan Pettersson's first concerto, for violin and string quartet.
Jennifer V. Evans
Jennifer V. Evans is a professor of history at Carleton University and a competitive athlete. Her research and teaching focuses on the history of sexuality, right-wing populism and authoritarianism, especially in the context of its evolution on social media and visual culture. In 2016, she was elected a member of the College of New Scholars, Royal Society of Canada. Her writing on fascism, authoritarianism, memory, and sexuality has appeared in major newspapers, including The Globe and Mail, The Guardian, the National Post, and the Washington Post.

She was the Canadian Powerlifting Union national champion in bench press for Masters 2, 72 kg women in 2020, and Masters 1, 72 kg women in 2019.

Visual culture
Visual culture is the aspect of culture expressed in visual images. Many academic fields study this subject, including cultural studies, art history, critical theory, philosophy, media studies, Deaf Studies, and anthropology.

The field of visual culture studies in the United States corresponds or parallels the Bildwissenschaft ("image studies") in Germany. Both fields are not entirely new, as they can be considered reformulations of issues of photography and film theory that had been raised from the 1920s and 1930s by authors like Béla Balázs, László Moholy-Nagy, Siegfried Kracauer and Walter Benjamin.
The River (Good Charlotte song)
"The River" is a song by Good Charlotte featuring M. Shadows and Synyster Gates of the band Avenged Sevenfold. The song was the first single from the Good Morning Revival album in North America and the second single throughout the rest of the world except for Australia. On December 8, 2006, the second GCTV episode was released on Good Charlotte's website. "The River" was featured in the video and can be heard playing in the background. The song was premiered January 4, 2007, on their official website, and via the band's Myspace. The song impacted radio on January 23, 2007. There are several references to the Bible throughout the song and the overall time of the song is three minutes and sixteen seconds, intentionally to reference John 3:16.

Shortly after Jimmy "the Rev" Sullivan's death, Good Charlotte dedicated the song to him.

The Rev
James Owen Sullivan (February 9, 1981 – December 28, 2009), also known by his stage name The Rev (shortened from his prior stage name The Reverend Tholomew Plague), was an American musician and songwriter. He was the drummer, pianist, backing vocalist, and occasional co-lead vocalist of the heavy metal band Avenged Sevenfold, which he co-founded in 1999. He was previously the lead vocalist and pianist of the avant-garde metal band Pinkly Smooth and drummer for the ska punk band Suburban Legends from 1998 to 1999.
Savvas Manousos
Savvas Manousos (Greek: Σάββας Μανούσος) (born 4 July 1985) is a Greek professional basketball player for Union Dax-Gamarde of the Nationale Masculine 2. Born in Thessaloniki, Greece, he can play both the power forward and the center positions. He is 2.08 m (6 ft 10 in) in height.

Greek Elite League
The Greek Elite League (Greek: Ελληνική Ελίτ Λιγκ), is a professional basketball league in Greece. It is the 2nd-tier level of pro competition, among clubs in the country. It is organized by the Hellenic Basketball Federation.
Outline of the JavaScript programming language
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to JavaScript:

JavaScript (JS) is a programming language and core technology of the Web, alongside HTML and CSS. It was created by Brendan Eich in 1995. As of 2025, the overwhelming majority of websites (98.9%) uses JavaScript for client side webpage behavior.

Douglas Crockford
Douglas Crockford is an American computer programmer  who is involved in the development of the JavaScript language. They specified the data format JSON (JavaScript Object Notation), and have developed various JavaScript related tools such as the static code analyzer JSLint and minifier JSMin. They wrote the book JavaScript: The Good Parts, published in 2008, followed by How JavaScript Works in 2018. They were a senior JavaScript architect at PayPal until 2019, and are also a writer and speaker on JavaScript, JSON, and related web technologies.
Evgeniy Averchenko
Evgeniy Averchenko (born 6 April 1982) is a Kazakh football midfielder who plays for FC Taraz.

Averchenko began his career playing for FC Esil Bogatyr in 2001. He moved to FC Aktobe in 2009.

Averchenko has made two appearances for the Kazakhstan national football team.

Kazakhstan national football team
The Kazakhstan national football team (Kazakh: Қазақстан Ұлттық футбол құрамасы, Qazaqstan Ūlttyq Futbol qūramasy, [qɑzɑqˈstɑn ʊɫt̚ˈtɤq fʊdˈboɫ qʊrɑmɑˈsə]) represents Kazakhstan in men's international football and it is governed by the Kazakhstan Football Federation. They split from the Soviet Union national team after independence in 1991 and joined the Asian Football Confederation's Central Asian Football Federation. After failing to qualify for the 1998 and 2002 FIFA World Cups, they joined UEFA, but are yet to qualify for a FIFA World Cup or a UEFA European Championship.
Natty Dread
Natty Dread is the seventh album by Bob Marley and the Wailers, released in 1974. Previously Marley had recorded with Peter Tosh and Bunny Wailer as the Wailers, and this was his first record without them.

Natty Dread was most popularly received in the UK, where it peaked at No. 43 and sold in excess of 100,000 copies, making it a gold album. Over time it gained popularity in other parts of the world, and in 2003 it was ranked No. 181 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time.

Bunny Wailer
Neville O'Riley Livingston OM OJ (10 April 1947 – 2 March 2021), known professionally as Bunny Wailer, was a Jamaican singer-songwriter and percussionist. He was an original member of reggae group The Wailers along with Bob Marley and Peter Tosh. A three-time Grammy Award winner, he is considered one of the longtime standard-bearers of reggae music. He was also known as Jah B, Bunny O'Riley, and Bunny Livingston.
The Snow Women
"The Snow Women" is a sword and sorcery novella by American writer Fritz Leiber, recounting the early history of Fafhrd, a future member of the adventurous duo Fafhrd and the Gray Mouser. It was nominated for the Hugo and Nebula Awards in 1971 (although Leiber withdrew it in favor of "Ill Met in Lankhmar"), and finished second in the annual Locus poll for short fiction.

First published in 1970 in Fantastic magazine, it's in the nature of a prequel, as Leiber had by that time been chronicling the pair's adventures for thirty years. The story forms part two of the collection Swords and Deviltry.

Prequel
A prequel is a literary, dramatic or cinematic work whose story precedes that of a previous work, by focusing on events that occur before the original narrative. A prequel is a work that forms part of a backstory to the preceding work.

The term "prequel" is a 20th-century neologism from the prefix "pre-" (from Latin prae, "before") and "sequel".

Like sequels, prequels may or may not concern the same plot as the work from which they are derived. More often they explain the background that led to the events in the original, but sometimes the connections are not completely explicit. Sometimes prequels play on the audience's knowledge of what will happen next, using deliberate references to create dramatic irony.
Ghassan Sarkis
Ghassan Sarkis (Arabic: غسان سركيس, born in Bikfaya on August 8, 1957) is a Lebanese basketball coach who currently manages Tadamon Hrajel in the Lebanese Basketball League. He became especially famous during his time coaching the Lebanese team Sagesse in its golden years of success of the 1990s and 2000s. He has also coached the Lebanon national basketball team.

CS Maristes
CS Maristes, formerly known as Champville Club SC (Arabic: نادي الشانفيل الرياضي), is a Lebanese basketball team from Dik El Mehdi, Lebanon. The team competes in the Lebanese Basketball League.

Since its establishment in 1967, the team has been affiliated with the Collège Mariste Champville ("Champville"), a private Marist Roman Catholic educational institution. After a disagreement with Champville's management in 2022, the club was renamed CS Maristes.

CS Maristes achieved the pinnacle of their success by securing the national championship in 2012. They have also clinched the runner-up position in the league on five occasions. Their trophy cabinet also displays two Lebanese Cups, one Lebanese SuperCup, and the 2006 WABA Super League championship.
Mylothris jaopura
Mylothris jaopura, Karsch's dotted border, is a butterfly in the family Pieridae. It is found in Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, southern Nigeria, western Cameroon and possibly Liberia. The habitat consists of forests and occasionally dense Guinea savanna. It is also found in disturbed habitats such as suburban gardens.

The larvae feed on Loranthaceae species.

Guinean forest–savanna mosaic
The Guinean forest-savanna, also known as the Guinean forest-savanna transition, is a distinctive ecological region located in West Africa. It stretches across several countries including Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, and Cameroon. This region is characterized by a unique blend of forested areas and savannas, creating a diverse and dynamic landscape.

It is an ecoregion of West Africa, a band of interlaced forest, savanna, and grassland running east to west and dividing the tropical moist forests near the coast from the West Sudanian savanna of the interior.
High Contrast
Lincoln Barrett (born 18 September 1979), better known by the stage name High Contrast, is a Welsh electronic music producer, DJ and record producer. He produces drum and bass music, and his 2009 album Confidential reached BPI gold certification (100,000 units sold in the UK).

Eric Prydz
Eric Sheridan Prydz (/prɪdz/, Swedish: [ˈêːrɪk ˈɕêːrɪdan ˈprʏts]; born 19 July 1976), also known by his many aliases including Pryda (/ˈpraɪdə/) and Cirez D (/ˈsaɪrɛz/), is a Swedish DJ and record producer. He rose to prominence with his 2004 hit single "Call on Me", and saw continued chart success with "Proper Education" in 2007, "Pjanoo" in 2008, and "Opus" in 2015. In 2016, he released his debut studio album, Opus.

In 2017, he won DJ of the Year at the Electronic Music Awards and was also nominated for Live Act of the Year.
Luo Tianyi
Luo Tianyi (Chinese: 洛天依; pinyin: Luò Tiānyī) is a Chinese Vocaloid developed formerly by Bplats, Inc. under the Yamaha Corporation, and was created in collaboration with Shanghai Henian Information Technology. She was released for the Vocaloid 3, Vocaloid 4 and Vocaloid 5 engines. Her voice is provided by the Chinese voice actress Shan Xin. Considered China's most popular virtual idol, she held a joint concert with pianist Lang Lang at the Shanghai's Mercedes-Benz Arena in March 2019.

Bplats
Bplats, Inc. is an application service provider (ASP) based in Tokyo, Japan. The company offers software as a service (SaaS) and platform as a service (PaaS) solutions. It runs web portals on ASP, SaaS and cloud computing and an online store to sell software and hardware, such as the VY Vocaloid series.
The Middle season 1
The first season of the television comedy series The Middle aired on ABC from September 30, 2009, to May 19, 2010. The season was produced by Blackie and Blondie Productions and Warner Bros. Television with series creators DeAnn Heline and Eileen Heisler serving as executive producers.

The show revolves around Frances "Frankie" Heck (Patricia Heaton), a working-class, Midwestern woman who resides with her husband Mike (Neil Flynn) in the small fictional town of Orson, Indiana. Frankie and Mike are the parents of three children, Axl (Charlie McDermott), Sue (Eden Sher), and Brick (Atticus Shaffer).

After airing only 2 episodes, ABC gave the show a full season pickup. The Middle was then renewed for a second season on January 12, 2010.

The first episode premiered to 8.707 million viewers, a 5.4/9 household rating and a 2.6/8 adults 18-49 rating. It beat out the CBS sitcom, Gary Unmarried, and the NBC drama, Mercy, both of which aired in the same timeslot.

Gary Unmarried
Gary Unmarried is an American sitcom created by Ed Yeager, which ran on CBS from September 24, 2008, to March 17, 2010. The series focuses on a recently divorced couple (Jay Mohr and Paula Marshall) sharing custody of their kids while starting new relationships. The show was produced by ABC Studios and CBS Television Studios, and Yeager and Ric Swartzlander served as executive producers for the first season. The series was known as Project Gary during tapings before premiering on television.

On May 18, 2010, CBS canceled the series after two seasons, leaving an unresolved plotline at the end of the second season.
Stan Goff
Stan Goff (born November 12, 1951, in San Diego, California) is an American writer, anti-war activist and former special forces soldier. Goff served in the United States Army from 1970 to 1996 with two breaks in service. After retiring from the military he became a political activist, adopting anti-imperialist, feminist, and socialist/Marxist views, and is now a Christian. He is an active blogger and is the author of several books, including Hideous Dream (2000), Full-Spectrum Disorder: The Military in the New American Century (2004), Energy War (2006), Sex & War (2006), Borderline - Reflections on War, Sex, and Church (2015), "Mammon's Ecology - Metaphysic of the Empty Sign" (2018), and "Tough Gynes - Violent Women in Film as Honorary Men" (2019). He has also been a contributor to CounterPunch and Huffington Post.

2nd Ranger Battalion
The 2nd Ranger Battalion, currently based at Joint Base Lewis–McChord south of Seattle, Washington, United States, is one of three ranger battalions belonging to the United States Army's 75th Ranger Regiment.
Area code 260
Area code 260 is a telephone area code in the North American Numbering Plan (NANP) for the northeastern part of the U.S. state of Indiana. Cities in the service area include Angola, Auburn, Bluffton, Butler, Columbia City, Decatur, Fort Wayne, Huntington, New Haven, and Wabash.

Columbia City, Indiana
Columbia City is a city in Columbia Township, Whitley County, Indiana, United States. The population was 9,892 at the 2020 Census, up from 8,750 at the 2010 Census, estimated to be 10,064 in 2023. The city is the county seat of Whitley County, and is the largest community therein. It is part of the Fort Wayne MSA.
Eric Croft
Eric Chancy Croft (born November 6, 1964) is an American attorney and politician who represented Anchorage's West district on the Anchorage Assembly from 2016 to 2019. From 1997 to 2006, Croft served as a member of the Alaska House of Representatives for District 15, representing Spenard, Anchorage. He was also a candidate in the 2006 Alaska gubernatorial election. He received 23.1% of the vote, losing to 68.6% achieved by former governor Tony Knowles. Croft served as Anchorage's school board president from 2013 to 2016. In April 2016, he was elected to the Anchorage Assembly, replacing Ernie Hall, who decided not to run for reelection. In December 2019, he filed papers to run in the 2021 Anchorage mayoral election, before dropping out in November 2020. On February 10, 2025, it was announced Croft had been elected Chair of the Alaska Democratic Party.

Alaska Democratic Party
The Alaska Democratic Party is the affiliate of the Democratic Party in Alaska, headquartered in Anchorage.

It is one of two major parties in Alaska, alongside the Alaska Republican Party. The Democratic Party holds the Alaska Senate in a coalition government. As of 2020, there are over 75,000 registered members of the Alaska Democratic Party.
Route 471 (Israel)
Highway 471 (Hebrew: כביש 471), commonly called Maccabit Road, is a suburban expressway in the center of the Tel Aviv Metropolitan Area in Israel. The expressway connects Highway 4 in the west with Route 444 in the east. It is part of a road system planned to provide improved access to Highway 6.

The construction of Highway 471 was plagued with bureaucracy, massive opposition from neighbouring municipalities and budget overruns, all of which caused major delays in construction.

Highway 471 was fully opened on October 16, 2014, after its eastern section, between Route 444 and Highway 6, was partially opened since 2008 without a name. However, there are still two at-grade intersections in its western section. After much delay, extensive works began in 2011 to construct large interchanges in place of these two intersections. When completed, the road will be a vital freeway highway between Highways 6 and 4.

Ramat Gan
Ramat Gan (Hebrew: רמת גן, pronounced [raˈmat ˈɡan] ⓘ) is a city in the Tel Aviv District of Israel, located east of the municipality of Tel Aviv, and is part of the Gush Dan metropolitan area. It is home to a Diamond Exchange District (one of the world's major diamond exchanges), Sheba Medical Center (the largest hospital in Israel) and many high-tech industries.

Ramat Gan was established in 1921 as a moshava, a communal farming settlement. In 2023 it had a population of 167,794.
Hammer and pick
The hammer and pick, rarely referred to as hammer and chisel, is a symbol of mining, often used in heraldry. It can indicate mining, mines (especially on maps or in cartography), or miners, and is also borne as a charge in the coats of arms of mining towns.

The symbol represents the traditional tools of the miner, a hammer and a chisel on a handle, similar to a pickaxe, but with one blunt end. They are pictured in the way a right-handed worker would lay them down: the pick with the point to the right and the handle to the lower left, the hammer with the handle to the lower right and the head to the upper left. The handle of the pick protrudes over the head, because the head is not permanently fixed, but can be swapped for a newly sharpened head when it is blunt from use. In coats of arms the symbol is often shown in black (Johanngeorgenstadt, Hövels), but also in natural colours (Telnice) or in gold or silver (Abertamy, Bodenwöhr, Gelsenkirchen).

Pickaxe
A pickaxe (American spelling: pickax), pick-axe, or pick is a generally T-shaped hand tool used for digging. Its head is typically metal, attached perpendicularly to a longer handle, traditionally made of wood, occasionally metal, and increasingly fiberglass.

A standard pickaxe, similar to a "pick mattock", has a pointed end on one side of its head and a broad flat "axe" blade opposite. A gradual curve characteristically spans the length of the head. The next most common configuration features two spikes, one slightly longer than the other.

The pointed end is used both for breaking and prying, the axe for hoeing, skimming, and chopping through roots.

Developed as agricultural tools in prehistoric times, picks have evolved into other tools such as the plough and the mattock. They also have been used in general construction and mining, and adapted to warfare.
Viscous damping
In continuum mechanics, viscous damping is a formulation of the damping phenomena, in which the source of damping force is modeled as a function of the volume, shape, and velocity of an object traversing through a real fluid with viscosity.

Typical examples of viscous damping in mechanical systems include:

Fluid films between surfaces

Fluid flow around a piston in a cylinder

Fluid flow through an orifice

Fluid flow within a journal bearing

Viscous damping also refers to damping devices. Most often they damp motion by providing a force or torque opposing motion proportional to the velocity. This may be affected by fluid flow or motion of magnetic structures. The intended effect is to bring the damping ratio closer to 1.

Practical examples include:

Shock absorbers in cars

Seismic retrofitting with viscous dampers

Deployment actuators in spacecraft

Shock absorber
A shock absorber or damper is a mechanical or hydraulic device designed to absorb and damp shock impulses. It does this by converting the kinetic energy of the shock into another form of energy (typically heat) which is then dissipated. Most shock absorbers are a form of dashpot (a damper which resists motion via viscous friction).