hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rosemarie Zagarri
Rosemarie Zagarri is a distinguished American historian who specializes in the study of early American political history, women's and gender history, and global history. She is a professor of history at George Mason University in Fairfax, Virginia. The recipient of numerous grants, awards, and national recognitions, she was president of the Society for Historians of the Early American Republic from 2009 to 2010.

Society for Historians of the Early American Republic
The Society for Historians of the Early American Republic (SHEAR) is an organization that was established in 1977 to study the history of the United States in the period between 1775 and 1861.

The Society holds annual conferences, awards prizes and fellowships, and publishes the Journal of the Early Republic.
Quebec Liberal Party candidates in the 1994 Quebec provincial election
The governing Quebec Liberal Party fielded a full slate of 125 candidates in the 1994 Quebec general election and elected forty-seven candidates, falling to official opposition status in the National Assembly of Quebec.

Quebec Liberal Party
The Quebec Liberal Party (QLP; French: Parti libéral du Québec [paʁti libeʁal dy kebɛk], PLQ) is a provincial political party in Quebec. It has been independent of the federal Liberal Party of Canada since 1955.

The QLP has traditionally supported a form of Quebec federalist ideology with nuanced Canadian nationalist tones that supports Quebec remaining within the Canadian federation, while also supporting reforms that would allow substantial autonomism in Quebec. In the context of federal Canadian politics, it is a more centrist party when compared to Conservative and Liberal parties in other provinces, such as the former British Columbia Liberal Party.
Edward Briggs (politician)
Edward Briggs (February 25, 1854 – December 14, 1941) was a farmer and political figure in Manitoba. He represented Deloraine from 1903 to 1907 in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba as a Conservative.

He was born in Bayfield, Canada West, the son of James E. Briggs and Anna Bennett Hayter, and was educated in Huron County. In 1877, he married Ellen Robinson. Briggs was employed in the boot and shoe business in Huron County until 1882, when he came west to Manitoba, settling on a homestead south of Hartney. He served as municipal assessor and also served on the council for the Rural Municipality of Cameron. He was president of the Farmers' Institute and of the North-West Auctioneers' Association. Briggs was defeated when he ran for reelection to the Manitoba assembly in 1907.

He died in Hartney at the age of 87.

Homestead principle
The homestead principle is the principle by which one gains ownership of an unowned natural resource by performing an act of original appropriation. Appropriation could be enacted by putting an unowned resource to active use (as with using it to produce some product),
joining it with previously acquired property, or by marking it as owned (as with livestock branding).

Homesteading is one of the foundations of Rothbardian anarcho-capitalism and right-libertarianism.
Mallikarjun Bande
Mallikarjun Bande was an Indian police sub-inspector who served in the Karnataka State Police. He lost his life after getting shot on head from point blank range during the gun fight between Gulbarga police and Munna darabar, a wanted rowdy sheeter and notorious underworld sharpshooter in Gulbarga, in which he too was hunted down. Bande's hospitalization and his eventual death drew considerable public attention and sparked intense socio-political debate in Karnataka and himself being scaled up to a heroic and cult figure among the public.

Sub-inspector
Sub-inspector (SI), or sub-inspector of police or police sub-inspector (PSI), is a rank used extensively in South Asia: in the police forces of Bangladesh, Pakistan, India, and Sri Lanka, which are primarily based on the British model. It was formerly used in most British colonial police forces and in certain British police forces as well. The rank usually was in charge of a police substation or assisted an inspector.
Siu yeh
Siu yeh (Chinese: 宵夜; Jyutping: siu1 je2; Cantonese Yale: sīu yé; pinyin: xiāoyè), also called Night-time snack/meal, Night snack/meal, Mid-night snack/meal, Late-night snack/meal, or Xiao ye, is a late night meal in the food culture of southern China. It is particularly associated with the cuisine of Hong Kong. It comes after dinner and is similar to supper; siu yeh is usually served in individual portions. For people working late night shifts, siu yeh is also associated with their post-midnight meals.

Northern and southern China
Northern China (Chinese: 中国北方 or 中国北部; lit. 'China's North') and southern China (Chinese: 中国南方 or 中国南部; lit. 'China's South') are two approximate regions that display certain differences in terms of their geography, demographics, economy, and culture.
Nellys Pimentel
Nellys Rocio Pimentel Campusano (born 27 April 1997) is a Puerto Rican model and beauty queen who was crowned Miss Earth 2019. She became the first-ever Puerto Rican and Caribbean woman to win Miss Earth.

Kinky hair
Kinky hair is a human hair texture prevalent in the Indigenous peoples of Sub-Saharan Africa, Melanesia, Micronesia, Torres Strait Islands, and Tasmania, along with the Negrito populations of Southeast Asia and the Andaman Islands. Each strand of this hair type grows in a repeating pattern of small contiguous kinks which can be classified as tight twists and sharp folds. These numerous kinks make kinky hair appear denser than straight, wavy, and other curly hair types.
Prince of the Poverty Line
Prince of the Poverty Line is the fourth full-length studio album by British folk metal band Skyclad. It is a loose concept album about urban decay in post-Thatcherite Britain.

According to Kevin Ridley, producer and, from 1997, a full band-member, this album remains their biggest seller. Many people consider it to be the band's masterwork.

Urban decay
Urban decay (also known as urban rot, urban death or urban blight) is the sociological process by which a previously functioning city, or part of a city, falls into disrepair and decrepitude. There is no single process that leads to urban decay.
Gavin Friels
Gavin Friels (born 3 August 1977) is a Scottish football forward who is manager of Ardrossan Winton Rovers in the West of Scotland League First Division. He has previously played in the Scottish Football League First Division with Ayr United and Stranraer.

West of Scotland Football League
The West of Scotland Football League (WoSFL) is a senior football league based in the west of Scotland. The league sits at levels 6–10 on the Scottish football league system, acting as a feeder to the Lowland Football League.

Founded in 2020, it is currently composed of 80 member clubs competing in five divisions. Geographically, the league covers Argyll & Bute, Ayrshire, East Dunbartonshire, West Dunbartonshire, Glasgow, Inverclyde, Lanarkshire, East Renfrewshire and Renfrewshire. Two clubs are also based in Dumfries and Galloway.

Since its formation, it has featured in the senior pyramid system. The winners take part in an end of season promotion play-off with the East of Scotland Football League and South of Scotland Football League champions, subject to clubs meeting the required licensing criteria.
Clarke baronets of Snailwell (1698)
The Clarke Baronetcy, of Snailwell in the County of Cambridge, was created in the Baronetage of England on 25 July 1698 for Samuel Clarke. The second Baronet sat as Member of Parliament for Cambridgeshire. The third Baronet was Sheriff of Huntingdonshire and Cambridgeshire between 1753 and 1754. The title became extinct on the death of the sixth Baronet in 1806.

Cambridgeshire (UK Parliament constituency)
Cambridgeshire is a former Parliamentary constituency in the United Kingdom. It was a constituency represented by two Members of Parliament in the House of Commons of the Parliament of England then in the Parliament of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800 and in the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1832, when its representation was increased to three until it was abolished in 1885.

It was reconstituted as a single-member seat in 1918 and abolished once again in 1983.
Julien Leparoux
Julien R. Leparoux (born July 15, 1983 in Senlis, Oise, France) is a French Eclipse Award winning jockey currently racing in the United States. He has won seven Breeders' Cup races, including the 2015 Breeders' Cup Mile with Champion Turf Mare Tepin and the 2016 Breeders' Cup Juvenile with Classic Empire.

Breeders' Cup Mile
The  Breeders' Cup Mile is a 1-mile (1.6 km) Grade 1 Weight for Age stakes race for thoroughbred racehorses three years old and up, run on a turf course. It has been conducted annually as part of the Breeders' Cup World Championships since the event's inception in 1984. All Breeders' Cups to date have been held in the United States except for the 1996 event in Canada.

The purse was raised from $1.5 million US to $2 million in 2007.

Freddy Head has won this race twice as a jockey and three times as a trainer.

There is no official stakes record for the Breeders' Cup Mile as it is run on different racecourses each year, some of which are significantly faster than others. In 2012, Wise Dan set a then-course record at Santa Anita with his time of 1:31.78. Although Tourist ran faster than this with a time of 1:31.71 in 2016, he just missed the current Santa Anita course record of 1:31.69.
Miss Europe 1997
Miss Europe 1997 was the 52nd edition of the Miss Europe pageant and the 41st edition under the Mondial Events Organization. It was held at the Ukraina Palace of Culture in Kyiv, Ukraine on September 6, 1997. Isabelle Darras of Greece, was crowned Miss Europe 1997 by out going titleholder Marie-Claire Harrison of England.

Palace "Ukraine"
The National Palace of Arts Ukraina (Ukrainian: Національний палац мистецтв «Україна», romanized: Natsionalnyi palats mystetstv «Ukraina») or Palace Ukraina (Палац «Україна») is one of the main theatre venues for official events along with Palace of Sports in Kyiv, Ukraine. The venue is a state company administered by the State Directory of Affairs. The main concert hall has a capacity of 3,714 people.
1989 Dutch Open – Doubles
Sergio Casal and Emilio Sánchez were the defending champions, but Casal did not compete this year due to a wrist injury. Sánchez teamed up with Javier Sánchez and lost in the semifinals to Paul Haarhuis and Mark Koevermans.

The tournament was finished with no champions, as the final between Tomás Carbonell and Diego Pérez against Paul Haarhuis and Mark Koevermans was cancelled due to rain.

Javier Sánchez (tennis)
Javier Sánchez Vicario (Spanish pronunciation: [xaˈβjeɾ ˈsantʃeθ]; born 1 February 1968) is a former top-ten doubles professional tennis player from Spain. Sánchez won the US Open junior singles and doubles title in 1986, and reached the quarterfinal stage in the US Open men's singles event twice – in 1991 and 1996.
Irva Hertz-Picciotto
Irva Hertz-Picciotto (born c. 1948) is an environmental epidemiologist best known for her studies of autism. She is Professor and Chief of the Division of Environmental and Occupational Health in the Department of Public Health Sciences, at the University of California, Davis (UC-Davis). In addition, she is on the Research Faculty of the MIND (Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders) Institute at UC-Davis; the Deputy Director of the UC-Davis Center for Children's Environmental Health; and  on the faculty of the Center for Occupational and Environmental Health of the Universities of California at Berkeley, Davis, and San Francisco.  Hertz-Picciotto serves on the advisory board of the anti-toxic chemical NGO Healthy Child, Healthy World.

MIND Institute
The UC Davis MIND Institute (Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disabilities) is a research and treatment center affiliated with the University of California, Davis, with facilities located on the UC Davis Medical Center campus in Sacramento, California. The institute is a consortium of scientists, educators, physicians and parents dedicated to researching the causes of and treatments for autism spectrum disorders, fragile X syndrome, and other neurodevelopmental disorders. The director of the MIND institute is Dr. Leonard Abbeduto.
1985 Campeonato Brasileiro Série B
The 1985 Campeonato Brasileiro Série B, officially, the Taça de Prata, was the 8th edition of the Campeonato Brasileiro Série B. The championship was disputed by 24 clubs in a knockout tournament form, until the last phase, disputed by a group of three teams. the champion would be promoted to the 1986 Copa Brasil. Tuna Luso won the title, beating Goytacaz and Figueirense in the final group.

Tuna Luso Brasileira
Tuna Luso Brasileira, commonly referred to as Tuna Luso, is a Brazilian professional football club based in Belém, Pará founded on 1 January 1903. It competes in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série D, the fourth tier of Brazilian football, as well as in the Campeonato Paraense, the top flight of the Pará state football league.
Gerhard Rohner
Gerhard Rohner (born Nieder-Heiduk 23 May 1895: died Bonn 7 March 1971) was a politician in the Soviet occupation zone of Germany, which later became the German Democratic Republic.   He became a leading member of the moderately right-wing CDU (party) which was not the party favored by the Soviet administrators and the new Moscow trained political establishment. After sustained violent attacks from the new country's ruling SED (party) he abandoned his political career and, in February 1952, fled the country.

Friedrich Flick
Friedrich Flick (10 July 1883 – 20 July 1972) was a German industrialist and convicted Nazi war criminal. After the Second World War, he reconstituted his businesses, becoming the richest person in West Germany, and one of the richest people in the world, at the time of his death in 1972.

Flick was the patriarch and founder of the Flick family.
Cinema City Poland
Cinema City is a brand of multiplex cinemas in eastern and central Europe, run by the Israeli company Cinema City International (CCI).  In Europe it has cinemas in Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland,  Czech Republic and Slovakia. In Poland, Cinema City has almost 40% of the multiplex market, with Multikino its major competitor. CCI also runs a chain of Israeli multiplexes under the name of Rav-Hen.

In January 2014 it was announced that the Cinema City parent group would be taken over by UK group Cineworld.

4DX
4DX (Four-Dimensional eXperience) is a 4D film presentation system developed by CJ 4DPlex, a subsidiary of South Korean theater chain CJ CGV. It allows films to be augmented with various practical effects, including motion-seats, wind, strobelights, snow, water, and scents. First debuted in 2009, it presents films in both stereoscopic 3D and monoscopic 2D formats.

CJ has licensed the technology worldwide. As of September 2019, CJ 4DPlex operates 680 4DX theaters in 65 countries through collaborations with more than 80 theaters, including AMC Theatres, Regal Cinemas, Cineworld, Event Cinemas, Cinépolis, Wanda Cinemas, Cineplex Entertainment, Kinepolis, Village Cinemas, and Nu Metro. The company recorded an annual growth rate of more than 50 percent from 2013 to 2018.
Gianluca Grimalda
Gianluca Grimalda is an Italian social scientist. Concerned about the effects of climate change and social cohesion, he came to public attention when he refused to travel by plane on business because of the climate impact of air travel. This refusal was followed by dismissal by his employer, the Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).

Marilynn Brewer
Marilynn B. Brewer is an American social psychologist. She is professor emeritus of psychology at Ohio State University and resides in New South Wales. She was formerly Professor of Psychology and Director of the Institute for Social Science Research at UCLA.
Kahler (surname)
Kahler is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Art Kahler (1897–1982), American football and basketball player and coach

Bob Kahler (1917–2013), American football player and coach

Carl Kahler (1856–1906), Austrian painter

Erich Kahler (1885–1970), Czech-American literary scholar and essayist

Ferdinand N. Kahler (1864–1927), American inventor, entrepreneur and automobile pioneer

George Kahler (1889–1924), American baseball player

Hans-Joachim Kahler (1908–2000), German general

Kris Kahler (born 1983), Australian rugby player

Otto Kahler (1849–1893), Austrian physician

Royal Kahler (1918–2005), American football player

Taibi Kahler (born 1943), American psychologist

Wolf Kahler (born 1940), German actor

George Kahler
George Runnells "Krum" Kahler (September 6, 1889 – February 7, 1924) was an American pitcher in Major League Baseball from Athens, Ohio. He played for the Cleveland Naps from 1910 to 1914.

The spelling of Kahler's last name has varied in different newspapers, yearbooks and publications throughout his entire life. Kahler is sometimes spelled "Kaler" depending on the publication. The origin and spelling of his nickname "Krum" is unknown. It was occasionally spelled "Crum" in some articles.
Horizon (general relativity)
A horizon is a boundary in spacetime satisfying prescribed conditions.

There are several types of horizons that play a role in Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity:

Absolute horizon, a boundary in spacetime in general relativity inside of which events cannot affect an external observer

Event horizon, a boundary in spacetime beyond which events cannot affect the observer, thus referring to a black hole's boundary and the boundary of an expanding universe

Apparent horizon, a surface defined in general relativity

Cauchy horizon, a surface found in the study of Cauchy problems

Cosmological horizon, a limit of observability

Killing horizon, a null surface on which there is a Killing vector field

Particle horizon, the maximum distance from which particles can have travelled to an observer in the age of the universe

Apparent horizon
In general relativity, an apparent horizon is a surface that is the boundary between light rays that are directed outwards and moving outwards and those directed outward but moving inward.

Apparent horizons are not invariant properties of spacetime, and in particular, they are distinct from event horizons. Within an apparent horizon, light does not move outward; this is in contrast with the event horizon. In a dynamical spacetime, there can be outgoing light rays exterior to an apparent horizon (but still interior to the event horizon). An apparent horizon is a local notion of the boundary of a black hole, whereas an event horizon is a global notion.

The notion of a horizon in general relativity is subtle and depends on fine distinctions.
1984 New Year Honours
The New Year Honours 1984 were appointments by most of the Commonwealth realms of Queen Elizabeth II to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries, and honorary ones to citizens of other countries. They were announced on 31 December 1983 to celebrate the year passed and mark the beginning of 1984 in the United Kingdom, New Zealand and the Cook Islands, Fiji, the Bahamas, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, and Antigua and Barbuda.

The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.

Cardiff University School of Medicine
The Cardiff University School of Medicine (Welsh: Ysgol Feddygaeth Prifysgol Caerdydd) is the medical school of Cardiff University and is located in Cardiff, Wales, UK. Founded in 1893 as part of the University College of South Wales and Monmouthshire, it is the oldest of the three medical schools in Wales.

It is one of the largest medical schools in the United Kingdom, employing nearly 600 academic and 450 support staff; and with over 1000 undergraduate and 1100 postgraduate students enrolled on medical and scientific courses. The school has an annual financial turnover of over £50 million, of which nearly half comes from competitive external research funding. The school is based at the University Hospital of Wales in Cardiff. It offers undergraduate and postgraduate programs in teaching and research across the Centre for Medical Education and divisions such as Cancer and Genetics, Infection and Immunity, Population Medicine, and Psychological Medicine & Clinical Neurosciences.
Gas Vitality
Gas Vitality is the first and latest liquefied natural gas (LNG) bunkering vessel to be based in France. The vessel is the first in a series of two ships (Gas Agility) to constructed for Emerald Green Maritime at the Jiangnan facilities of Hudong Zhonghua Shipbuilding.

All three parties first collaborated in 2018 to design and build sister ship Gas Agility, which has operated at the Port of Rotterdam since November 2020. Gas Vitality was delivered at Hudong–Zhonghua Shipbuilding in China near Shanghai, on October 31, 2021, and chartered to TotalEnergies Marine Fuels and scheduled to enter operational service in December 2021 and be based in the Port of Marseille-Fos, to serve the Mediterranean region. Its first contracts will be to perform LNG bunkering services to Jacques Saadé-class LNG-fueled container ships and MSC Cruises upcoming LNG-powered cruise ships that call at the French port.

Chartering (shipping)
Chartering is an activity within the shipping industry whereby a shipowner hires out the use of their vessel to a charterer.  The contract between the parties is called a charterparty (from French charte partie 'parted document'). The three main types of charter are: demise charter, voyage charter, and time charter.
Etcetera Theatre
The Etcetera Theatre is a fringe venue for theatre and comedy. It was founded in 1986 by David Bidmead and is situated above The Oxford Arms pub in Camden Town, in the London Borough of Camden.

The Theatre won the 1996 Guinness Ingenuity Award for Pub Theatre and was nominated for the 1996 Peter Brook Empty Space Award.

The Etcetera is a key venue in August's Camden Fringe.

Fringe theatre
Fringe theatre is theatre that is produced outside of the main theatre institutions, and that is often small-scale and non-traditional in style or subject matter. The term comes from the Edinburgh Festival Fringe. In London, the fringe are small-scale theatres (often referred to as the London Fringe and not included as West End theatres), and the equivalent of off-Broadway and Off-off-Broadway theatres in New York City, as well as Europe's "free theatre" groups.

In unjuried theatre festivals, also known as fringe festivals or open-access festivals, all submissions are accepted, and sometimes the participating acts may be chosen by lottery, in contrast to juried festivals in which acts are selected based on their artistic qualities. Unjuried festivals (such as the Edinburgh Festival Fringe, Edmonton Fringe Festival, Adelaide Fringe, and Fringe World) permit artists to perform a wide variety of works.