hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Livingstonite
Livingstonite is a mercury antimony sulfosalt mineral. It occurs in low-temperature hydrothermal veins associated with cinnabar, stibnite, sulfur and gypsum.

It was first described in 1874 for an occurrence in Huitzuco de los Figueroa,  Guerrero, Mexico. It was named to honor Scottish explorer of Africa, David Livingstone.

Its crystal structure was determined in 1957 and redetermined in 1975.

Antimony
Antimony is a chemical element with the symbol Sb (from Latin  stibium) and atomic number 51. A lustrous grey metal or metalloid, it occurs in nature mainly in the form of the sulfide mineral stibnite (Sb2S3). Antimony compounds have been known since ancient times and were powdered for use as medicine and cosmetics, often known by the Arabic name kohl.

China is the largest producer of antimony and its compounds, with most production coming from the Xikuangshan Mine in Hunan. The industrial methods for refining antimony from stibnite are roasting followed by reduction with carbon, or direct reduction of stibnite with iron.

The most common applications for metallic antimony are in alloys with lead and tin, which have improved properties for solders, bullets, and plain bearings. It improves the rigidity of lead-alloy plates in lead–acid batteries. Antimony trioxide is a prominent additive for halogen-containing flame retardants. Antimony is used as a dopant in semiconductor devices.
2025 US Open – Women's singles qualifying
The 2025 US Open – Women's singles qualifying was a series of tennis matches that took place from 18 to 22 August 2025 (was originally to end on 21 August, but got rescheduled due to heavy rain) to determine the sixteen qualifiers into the main draw of the women's singles tournament.

Sada Nahimana was the first Burundian player to compete in the qualifying competition of a major, and the first black African player from Africa in history to do so.

Janice Tjen was the first Indonesian to compete in the main draw of a singles major, following her qualification, since Angelique Widjaja at the 2004 US Open.

Only 16 out of the 128 qualifiers who competed in this tournament secured a main draw place, and, if necessary, the lucky losers.

Janice Tjen
Janice Tjen (born 6 May 2002) is an Indonesian professional tennis player. She has a career-high WTA singles ranking of world No. 36 and a doubles ranking of No. 52, both achieved on 23 February 2026. She is currently the No. 1 singles player from Indonesia.

Tjen has won one WTA Tour title in singles and three in doubles. At the 2025 Chennai Open, she became the first Indonesian woman to lift a Main Tour singles trophy since Angelique Widjaja.

In the Billie Jean King Cup, she has a win-loss record of 2–2.
Birdman (album)
Birdman is the debut studio album by American rapper Baby, who would later take the album's name. It was released on November 26, 2002, by Cash Money Records and Universal Records. The album was supported by the singles "Do That..." (featuring P. Diddy, Mannie Fresh and Tateeze), "What Happened to That Boy" (featuring Clipse) and "Baby You Can Do It" (featuring Toni Braxton). The album featured guest appearances from Cash Money artists Lil Wayne, Boo & Gotti, Strings, Mannie Fresh, and TQ, as well as T.I., P. Diddy, Jermaine Dupri, Jazze Pha, Cam'ron, Toni Braxton, Clipse, and Petey Pablo, among others.

The album peaked at number 24 on the Billboard 200, selling 108,000 units in its first week and receiving mixed reviews. On January 15, 2003, the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) certified it gold for the shipments of 500,000 copies in the United States.

Petey Pablo
Moses Barrett III (born July 22, 1973), better known by his stage name Petey Pablo, is an American rapper. He is best known for his 2003 single "Freek-a-Leek," which peaked at number seven on the Billboard Hot 100 and received platinum certification by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). Prior, he signed with Jive Records to release his 2001 single "Raise Up", which served as a tribute to his native Greenville and peaked at number 25 on the chart. The label released his first two albums: Diary of a Sinner: 1st Entry (2001) and Still Writing in My Diary: 2nd Entry (2004); the former was nominated for Best Rap Album at 45th Annual Grammy Awards, while the latter peaked at number four on the Billboard 200. His following releases have failed to yield any further commercial response.
Nikolay Krasovsky
Nikolay Nikolayevich Krasovsky (Russian: Никола́й Никола́евич Красо́вский; 7 September 1924 – 4 April 2012, also transliterated Nikolai Krasovskii) was a Soviet and Russian mathematician who worked in the mathematical theory of control, the theory of dynamical systems, and the theory of differential games. He was the author of Krasovskii-LaSalle principle and the chief of the Ural scientific school in mathematical theory of control and the theory of differential games.

Ural State Technical University
Ural State Technical University (USTU) is a public technical university in Yekaterinburg, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia It is the biggest technical institution of higher education in Russia, with close ties to local industry in the Urals. Its motto, Ingenium Creatio Labor, means "brilliance, creation, work".
Cole M.G.N.
Cole Marsden Greif-Neill, (born March 7, 1985) known professionally as Cole M.G.N., is an American musician, record producer, songwriter and mixer. He is a former member of Ariel Pink's Haunted Graffiti. Cole has worked with Beck, Julia Holter, Christine and the Queens, DāM-FunK, Ariel Pink, Real Estate, The Vaccines, Thurston Moore, Snoop Dogg, NxWorries, Kossisko, Charlotte Gainsbourg, Blood Orange and Nite Jewel. In 2016, Cole M.G.N. released his self-titled debut extended play.

As of 2021, he has won six Grammy Awards for his work with Beck.

Thurston Moore
Thurston Joseph Moore (born July 25, 1958) is an American guitarist, singer and songwriter best known as a member of the rock band Sonic Youth. He has also participated in many solo and group collaborations outside Sonic Youth, as well as running the Ecstatic Peace! record label. Moore was ranked 34th in Rolling Stone's 2004 edition of the "100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time".

In 2012, Moore started a new band Chelsea Light Moving, whose eponymous debut was released on March 5, 2013. In 2015, Chelsea Light Moving disbanded after one studio album release. Moore and the other members of the band continue to make music under his solo project and other bands.
Government of Oregon
The government of the U.S. state of Oregon, as prescribed by the Oregon Constitution, is composed of three government branches: the executive, the legislative, and the judicial. These branches operate in a manner similar to that of the federal government of the United States.

Oregon also has a system of commissions, wherein private citizens are appointed by the governor and confirmed by the Senate; these commissions have the authority to hire and fire the heads of the agencies they govern, and must confirm changes to the permanent rules governing those agencies.

Constitution of Oregon
The Oregon Constitution is the governing document of the U.S. state of Oregon, originally enacted in 1857. As amended the current state constitution contains eighteen Articles, beginning with a bill of rights. This contains most of the rights and privileges protected by the United States Bill of Rights and the main text of the United States Constitution. The remainder of the Oregon Constitution outlines the divisions of power within the state government, lists the times of elections, and defines the state boundaries and the capital as Salem.
2024 Copernicus Cup
The 2024 Copernicus Cup was the 10th edition of the annual indoor track and field meeting in Toruń, Poland. Held on 6 February, it was the fourth leg of the 2024 World Athletics Indoor Tour Gold series – the highest-level international indoor track and field circuit.

The meeting was highlighted by the men's 3000 metres world record attempt by Selemon Barega, which came up two seconds short. In the women's 1500 m, Freweyni Hailu won over world road mile champion Diribe Welteji.

Diribe Welteji
Diribe Welteji Kejelcha (born 13 May 2002) is an Ethiopian middle-distance runner. She won the silver medal in the 1500 metres at the 2023 World Championships and placed fourth in the 800 metres at the 2022 World Championships.

At age 16, Welteji won the 800 m at the 2018 World U20 Championships, breaking the championship record in the process. She took silver for the 1500 metres at the 2021 World U20 Championships.

In February 2026, Welteji received a two-year ban in relation to a missed drug test the previous year. The Court of Arbitration for Sport backdated her ban to September 2025 and disqualified all results from February 25 2025, including her bronze medal in the 1500 at the 2025 World Indoor Championships.
Sodium bromite
Sodium bromite is a sodium salt of bromous acid. Its trihydrate, NaBrO2·3H2O, has been isolated in crystal form. It is used by the textile refining industry as a desizing agent for oxidative starch removal.

It is also used as an oxidizing agent for converting alcohols to aldehydes, such as the conversion of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde, and for the Hofmann degradation of amides to amines.

Benzyl alcohol
Benzyl alcohol (also known as α-cresol) is an aromatic alcohol with the formula C6H5CH2OH. The benzyl group is often abbreviated "Bn" (not to be confused with "Bz" which is used for benzoyl), thus benzyl alcohol is denoted as BnOH.  Benzyl alcohol is a colorless liquid with a mild pleasant aromatic odor. It is useful as a solvent for its polarity, low toxicity, and low vapor pressure. Benzyl alcohol has moderate solubility in water (4 g/100 mL) and is miscible in alcohols and diethyl ether. The anion produced by deprotonation of the alcohol group is known as benzylate or benzyloxide.
Congolese immigration to Brazil
Congolese immigration to Brazil from the Democratic Republic of the Congo is a new phenomenon caused by the wars and conflicts in the country, causing many to flee the country.

The Congolese people in Brazil are found mostly in the favelas or the outskirts of Rio de Janeiro.

The Congolese people are one of the most underpaid immigrants in Brazil. They also have to deal with violence, racism and xenophobia.

Racism in Brazil
Racism has been present in Brazil since its colonial period and is pointed as one of the major and most widespread types of discrimination, if not the most, in the country by several anthropologists, sociologists, jurists, historians and others. The myth of a racial democracy, a term originally coined by Brazilian sociologist Gilberto Freyre in his 1933 work Casa-Grande & Senzala (The Masters and the Slaves), is used by many people in the country to deny or downplay the existence and the broad extension of racism in Brazil.

Racism was made illegal under Brazil's anti-discrimination laws, which were passed in the 1950s after Katherine Dunham, an African-American dancer touring Brazil, was barred from a hotel. Nonetheless, race has been the subject of multiple intense debates over the years within the country.
Petrus Kenicius
Petrus Kenicius (1555 – 3 February 1636) was Archbishop of Uppsala in the Church of Sweden from 1609 to his death.

He got his education from the Universities of Wittenberg and Rostock.

In 1589 he was put in prison by King John III of Sweden, together with, among others, Nicolaus Olai Bothniensis who would become archbishop in 1599–1600. The reason were disagreements with the King's non-Lutheran liturgy.

After being released, he was at the Uppsala Synod in 1593 as one of the twelve assessors. And in 1595 he was ordained Bishop of Skara.

He was considered a fine and hardworking person who dedicated much time and care to the University in Uppsala and the Church. In his old age, he was weakened by age and sickness and the archdiocese was said to have been neglected.

Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg
Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (German: Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg), also referred to as MLU, is a public research university in the cities of Halle and Wittenberg. It is the largest and oldest university in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt. MLU offers German and international (English) courses leading to academic degrees such as BA, BSc, MA, MSc, doctoral degrees, and habilitation.

The university was created in 1817 through the merger of the University of Wittenberg (founded in 1502) and the University of Halle (founded in 1694). MLU is named after Protestant reformer Martin Luther, who was a professor in Wittenberg. Today, the university campus is located in Halle, while  Leucorea Foundation in Wittenberg serves as MLU's convention centre.
Intezaar (1956 film)
Intezaar (Urdu: انتظار, lit. 'Wait') is a Pakistani musical romance film directed by Masood Parvez.

It was co-produced by Khwaja Khurshid Anwar who also composed the music for the film. Noor Jehan and Santosh Kumar played the leading roles in the film with Kumar appearing in the dual role in this film. The film revolves around a blind girl from the mountains who waits for her childhood love interest who lives in the city.

A musical blockbuster of its time, the film is considered as one of the best musical films of Lollywood of all times with songs by Noor Jehan, Kausar Parveen and Iqbal Bano and lyrics by Qateel Shifai. The songs of the film "Chand Hsaey Dunya Basey", "Jis Din Se Piya Dil Le Gye", "Aa Bhi Ja" and "O Janey Waley" became memorable.

Masood Parvez
Masood Parvez (1918 – 10 March 2001), also spelled as Masud Pervaiz, was a Pakistani film director known for his work in Lollywood. He also worked in Indian films before partition of India and after migrating to Pakistan, he produced most of his work in Pakistani films where he made his directorial debut with Beli (1950).

Beli (1950) was the first film of Sabiha Khanum and Santosh Kumar besides being directorial debut of Parvez. The film flopped at the box office due to political instabilities caused by the partition. It was also the debut film of Rashid Attre in Pakistan.
SMK (P) Sri Aman
Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan (Perempuan) Sri Aman or also known as SMK (P) Sri Aman, is a Malaysian girls' secondary school. It was recently awarded the title Cluster School of Excellence by the Malaysian Ministry of Education. Recently, the school was announced as one of the top 100 schools in Malaysia by the Malaysian Ministry of Education, thus receiving the title 'High Performance School'.

Ministry of Education (Malaysia)
The Ministry of Education (Malay: Kementerian Pendidikan; Jawi: كمنترين ڤنديديقن‎) is a ministry of the Government of Malaysia that is responsible for education system, compulsory education, pre-tertiary education, technical and vocational education and training (TVET), curriculum standard, textbook, standardised test, language policy, translation, selective school, comprehensive school.
Asimina Arvanitaki
Asimina Arvanitaki (born 1980) is a Greek theoretical physicist and Stavros Niarchos Foundation Aristarchus Chair in Theoretical Physics at the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. In 2017, she was awarded the New Horizons in Physics prize.

Waterloo, Ontario
Waterloo is a city in the Canadian province of Ontario. It is one of three cities in the Regional Municipality of Waterloo (formerly Waterloo County). Waterloo is situated about 94 km (58 mi) west-southwest of Toronto, but it is not considered to be part of the Greater Toronto Area (GTA). Due to the close proximity of the city of Kitchener to Waterloo, the two together are often referred to as "Kitchener–Waterloo", "K-W", or "The Twin Cities". Nearby Cambridge, Ontario is also sometimes grouped in, creating KWC or "Tri-cities".

While several unsuccessful attempts to combine the municipalities of Kitchener and Waterloo have been made, following the 1973 establishment of the Region of Waterloo, less motivation to do so existed, and as a result, Waterloo remains an independent city. At the time of the 2021 census, the population of Waterloo was 121,436.
Acket
Acket (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɑkɛt]) is a Dutch Patrician surname. Outside of the Netherlands, it is also prevalent in France. It is also proposed that it may originate as a variant of the Norse surname Acutt.

Notable people with this surname include:

Désiré Acket (1905–1987), Belgian painter

Gerard Adriaan Acket (born 1935), Dutch engineer

Gerard Adriaan Acket
Gerard Adriaan Acket (born 9 September 1935, Utrecht) is a Dutch electrical engineer and emeritus professor. He worked in the faculties of electrical engineering at Delft University of Technology between 1981 and 1988 and Eindhoven University of Technology between 1991 and 2000. His workfield was optoelectronics.

Acket became a member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1991.
Emma E. Hickox
Emma E. Hickox A.C.E (born 11 April 1964) is a British film editor based in Los Angeles and London.

A member of American Cinema Editors, Hickox has worked as a features and television editor since the early 1990s. She has a varied and versatile resume from comedies, dramas and musicals, including large Hollywood films such as Bad Moms featuring Mila Kunis, Rock of Ages featuring Tom Cruise, and smaller independent films such as Becoming Jane with Anne Hathaway and The Boat That Rocked from Richard Curtis with Philip Seymour Hoffman.

She is a founding member of the British Independent Film Awards where the Debut Director’s Award is presented in her father's name, the Douglas Hickox Award. She is the daughter of Academy Award-winning film editor Anne V. Coates, and Douglas Hickox (died 1988), a cult British film director who died in 1988. John Coates, her uncle, was a film and TV producer for Yellow Submarine and The Snowman.

Yellow Submarine (film)
Yellow Submarine is a 1968 animated musical film inspired by the music of The Beatles, directed by George Dunning with art direction by Heinz Edelmann. Initial press reports stated that the Beatles themselves would provide their own character voices. However, apart from composing and performing the songs, the real Beatles' only participation was in the closing scene of the film; the voices of their animated counterparts were provided by voice actors.

The film received widespread acclaim from critics and audiences alike. Filmmaker and former Pixar and Disney chief creative officer John Lasseter has credited the film with generating wider interest in animation as a serious art form, as it had been generally considered a children's medium at the time. Time commented that it delighted "adolescents and aesthetes alike". Half a century after its release, it is still regarded as a landmark of animation and among the greatest animated films of all time.
Ian Marshall (politician)
Ian James Marshall OBE (born 1968) is a farmer and former Ulster Unionist Party (UUP) politician from Markethill, County Armagh, in Northern Ireland. He is from a unionist background and campaigned against Brexit. He was elected to Seanad Éireann in Dublin in 2018, but lost his seat in the 2020 Seanad election.

Oireachtas
The Oireachtas (/ˈɛrəktəs/ EH-rək-təs; Irish: [ˈɛɾʲaxt̪ˠəsˠ]), sometimes referred to as Oireachtas Éireann, is the bicameral parliament of Ireland. The Oireachtas consists of the president of Ireland and the two houses of the Oireachtas (Irish: Tithe an Oireachtais): a lower house called Dáil Éireann and an upper house called Seanad Éireann.

The houses of the Oireachtas sit in Leinster House in Dublin, an eighteenth-century ducal palace. The directly elected Dáil is the more powerful of the houses of the Oireachtas.
Lepetella sierrai
Lepetella sierrai is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Lepetellidae.

This species is the host of the ectoparasitic copepod Lepetellicola brescianii Huys, Lopez Gonzalez, Roldan & Luque, 2002

Copepod
Copepods (/ˈkoʊpəpɒd/; meaning 'oar-feet') are a group of small crustaceans found in nearly every freshwater and saltwater habitat. Some species are planktonic (living in the water column), some are benthic (living on the sediments), several species have parasitic phases, and some continental species may live in limnoterrestrial habitats and other wet terrestrial places, such as swamps, under leaf fall in wet forests, bogs, springs, ephemeral ponds, puddles, damp moss, or water-filled recesses of plants (phytotelmata) such as bromeliads and pitcher plants. Many live underground in marine and freshwater caves, sinkholes, or stream beds. Copepods are sometimes used as biodiversity indicators.
Infantry in the Middle Ages
Despite the rise of knightly cavalry in the 11th century, infantry played an important role throughout the Middle Ages on both the battlefield and in sieges. From the 14th century onwards, it has been argued that there was a rise in the prominence of infantry forces, sometimes referred to as an "infantry revolution", but this view is strongly contested by some military historians.

Battle of Morgarten
The Battle of Morgarten took place on 15 November 1315, when troops of Schwyz, supported by their allies of Uri and Unterwalden, ambushed an Austrian army under the command of Leopold I, Duke of Austria on the shores of Lake Ägeri, in the territory of Schwyz.

After a brief close-quarters battle, the Austrian army was routed, with numerous slain or drowned. The Swiss victory consolidated the League of the Three Forest Cantons, which formed the core of the Old Swiss Confederacy.
I Was a Prisoner on Devil's Island
I Was a Prisoner on Devil's Island is a 1941 American crime film directed by Lew Landers and written by Karl Brown. The film stars Sally Eilers, Donald Woods, Eduardo Ciannelli, Victor Kilian, Charles Halton and Dick Curtis. The film was released on August 4, 1941, by Columbia Pictures.

Karl Brown (cinematographer)
Karl Brown (December 26, 1896 – March 25, 1990) was an American cinematographer, screenwriter, and film director. He was also a member of the American Society of Cinematographers and served as vice president from 1924 to 1925.
An Jong-su
An Jong-su (Korean: 안정수; born 1951) is a North Korean politician. He is a Vice Chairman of the Workers' Party of Korea (WPK) and the director of the Light Industry Department of the WPK.

An is said to have close ties with Pak Pong-ju and Kim Kyong-hui.

Kim Kyong-hui
Kim Kyong-hui (Korean: 김경희; born 30 May 1946) is the aunt of current North Korean leader, Kim Jong Un.  She is the daughter of the founding North Korean leader Kim Il Sung and the sister of the late leader Kim Jong Il. She currently serves as Secretary for Organization of the Workers' Party of Korea. An important member of Kim Jong Il's inner circle of trusted friends and advisors, she was director of the WPK Light Industry Department from 1988 to 2012. She was married to Jang Song-thaek, who was executed in December 2013 in Pyongyang, after being charged with treason and corruption.