hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Phytophthora multivora
Phytophthora multivora is a species of Oomycete, water moulds, identified as a plant pathogen implicated in dieback.
It was first isolated in tuart forest of Southwest Australia in a study of the decline of tuart Eucalyptus gomphocephala, jarrah Eucalyptus marginata, peppermint Agonis and banksia species.

The species was found to occur in dead and dying woody species, Eucalyptus gomphocephala, E. marginata, Agonis flexuosa, banksias B. menziesii and B. grandis and at the fine roots of E. marginata and Banksia littoralis. The study area included samples at Yalgorup, Jarrahdale, Wanneroo, Walpole and Pemberton in Western Australia.

The epithet of the species is in reference to the wide range of flora it infects.

Agonis flexuosa
Agonis flexuosa, commonly known as peppermint, is a species of flowering plant in the family Myrtaceae and is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia.  The Noongar peoples know the tree as wanil, wonnow, wonong or wannang. It is a tree or shrub with pendulous, very narrowly elliptic, narrowly elliptic or narrowly egg-shaped leaves, white flowers with 20 to 25 stamens opposite the sepals and broadly top-shaped to broadly cup-shaped capsules.
PATCH (HTTP)
In computing, the PATCH method is a request method in HTTP for making partial changes to an existing resource. The PATCH method provides an entity containing a list of changes to be applied to the resource requested using the  HTTP Uniform Resource Identifier (URI). The list of changes are supplied in the form of a PATCH document. If the requested resource does not exist then the server may create the resource depending on the PATCH document media type and permissions. The changes described in the PATCH document must be semantically well defined but can have a different media type than the resource being patched. Languages such as XML or JSON can be used in describing the changes in the PATCH document.

JSON
JSON (JavaScript Object Notation, pronounced /ˈdʒeɪsən/ or /ˈdʒeɪˌsɒn/) is an open standard file format and data interchange format that uses human-readable text to store and transmit data objects consisting of name–value pairs and arrays (or other serializable values). It is a commonly used data format with diverse  uses in electronic data interchange, including that of web applications with servers.

JSON is a programming language-independent data format. It was derived from JavaScript, but many modern programming languages include code to generate and parse JSON-format data. JSON filenames use the extension .json.

Douglas Crockford originally specified the JSON format in the early 2000s. They and Chip Morningstar sent the first JSON message in April 2001.
Un Kannil Neer Vazhinthal...
Un Kannil Neer Vazhinthal... (transl. If tears well up in your eyes) is a 1985 Indian Tamil-language action film written and directed by Balu Mahendra. It stars Rajinikanth and Madhavi, with Y. G. Mahendran in a prominent role. V. K. Ramasamy and Senthamarai play other pivotal roles. The film, released on 20 June 1985, was an average grosser at the box office and had a theatrical run of 75 days.

V. K. Ramasamy (actor)
Virudhunagar Kanthan Ramasamy (1 January 1926 – 24 December 2002)  better known as VKR was an Indian actor, comedian and film producer who was known for his versatility in various character roles, he played in Tamil films from 1947 to 2001.
Christiane Brinkmann
Christiane Brinkmann (born 8 July 1962 in Mettmann, North Rhine-Westphalia) is a retired athlete who represented West Germany. She specialized in the 400 metres sprint and ran for the club LG Bayer Leverkusen.

On 30 January 1981 in Dortmund she ran a new world record of 3:34,38 minutes in 4 x 400 metres relay with the West German national team. The team consisted of Heidi-Elke Gaugel, Christina Sussiek, Christiane Brinkmann and Gaby Bußmann.

At the 1982 European Championships in Athletics she finished fourth in 4 × 400 m relay with teammates Ute Finger, Heike Schmidt and Gaby Bußmann.

Mettmann
Mettmann (German: [ˈmɛtˌman] ⓘ) is a town in the northern part of the Bergisches Land, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is the administrative centre of the district of Mettmann, Germany's most densely populated rural district. The town lies east of Düsseldorf and west of Wuppertal. A local variety of the Limburgish language called Metmannsch Platt is spoken in town.
Alan Bean (activist)
Alan Bean is a white former minister working to uncover injustice and organize black opposition, in the racial controversies surrounding the Tulia 47 drug sting
 in Tulia, Texas and the Jena Six controversy in Jena, Louisiana.
In 1999, Dr. Alan Bean founded the organization, Friends of Justice, an alliance of community members to advocate for criminal justice reform.

1999 Tulia drug arrests
A total of 47 individuals, the majority of whom were African American, were arrested in 1999 in Tulia, Texas on charges of cocaine dealing as a result of an undercover operation carried out by agent Tom Coleman. Coleman's testimony was crucial in the convictions of 38 of the 47. Years later, 35 of the 38 incarcerated were pardoned by Texas governor Rick Perry.

What ensued was a media frenzy that was widely covered by national media outlets such as The New York Times, 60 Minutes, People, and A&E Networks.
Listed buildings in Arthington
Arthington is a civil parish in the metropolitan borough of the City of Leeds, West Yorkshire, England.  It contains 17 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  Of these, one is listed at Grade II*, the middle of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.  The parish contains the village of Arthington and is otherwise rural.  Most of the listed buildings are houses, cottages and associated structures, farmhouses and farm buildings.  The other listed buildings consist of a railway viaduct, a church, and a former wagon house.

Metropolitan borough
A metropolitan borough (or metropolitan district) is a type of local government district in England. Created in 1974 by the Local Government Act 1972, metropolitan boroughs are defined in English law as metropolitan districts within metropolitan counties. All of the metropolitan districts have been granted or regranted royal charters giving them borough status (and in some cases, they also have city status). Metropolitan boroughs have been effectively unitary authority areas since the abolition of metropolitan county councils by the Local Government Act 1985. Metropolitan boroughs pool much of their authority in joint boards and other arrangements that cover whole metropolitan counties, such as local enterprise partnerships and combined authorities, with most of the latter having a directly elected metropolitan mayor.
Banghwa Bridge
The Banghwa Bridge (Korean: 방화대교) is a bridge in South Korea. It crosses the Han River, connecting the Gangseo District, Seoul with Goyang, Gyeonggi Province. The bridge is a part of the Incheon International Airport Expressway. At over 2.5 km in length, it is the longest bridge to cross the Han River. Though mostly a girder bridge, the middle 540m section is an arch truss, resembling the shape of an airplane taking off.

Gyeonggi Province
Gyeonggi Province (Korean: 경기도; RR: Gyeonggi-do, Korean pronunciation: [kjʌ̹ŋ.ɡi.do̞]) is the most populous province in South Korea.

Seoul, the nation's largest city and capital, is in the heart of the area but has been separately administered as a provincial-level special city since 1946. Incheon, the nation's third-largest city, is on the coast of the province and has been similarly administered as a provincial-level metropolitan city since 1981. The three jurisdictions are collectively referred to as Sudogwon and cover 11,730 km2 (4,530 sq mi), with a combined population of over 26 million - amounting to over half (50.25%) of the entire population of South Korea, and a third of the population of the Korean peninsula at the 2020 census.
Yolani Batres
Edna Yolani Batres (born 14 January 1967) is a Honduran politician who was the Secretary of State at the Bureau of Health in the government of President Juan Orlando Hernández from January 2014 until December 2016.

President of Honduras
The president of Honduras (Spanish: Presidente de Honduras), officially known as the  president of the Republic of Honduras (Spanish: Presidente de la República de Honduras), is the head of state and head of government of Honduras, and the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces. According to the 1982 Constitution of Honduras, the Government of Honduras consists of three branches: executive, legislative and judicial. The president is the head of the executive branch, their primary duty being to "execute and enforce the Constitution, treaties and conventions, laws and other legal dispositions". The President is directly elected for a four-year term.
Maria Grazia Sestero
Maria Grazia Sestero Gianotti (7 May 1942 – 1 January 2025) was an Italian politician. A member of the Communist Refoundation Party while in office, she served in the Chamber of Deputies from 1992 to 1994.

Grazia Sestero died in Turin on 1 January 2025, at the age of 82.

Communist Refoundation Party
The Communist Refoundation Party (Italian: Partito della Rifondazione Comunista, abbr. PRC) is a communist political party in Italy that emerged from a split of the Italian Communist Party (PCI) in 1991. The party's secretary is Maurizio Acerbo, who replaced Paolo Ferrero in 2017. Armando Cossutta was the party's founder, while Fausto Bertinotti its longest-serving leader (1994–2008). The latter transformed the PRC from a traditional communist party into a collection of radical social movements.

The PRC is a member of the Party of the European Left (PEL), of which Bertinotti was the inaugural president in 2004. The PRC has not been represented in the Italian Parliament since 2008, but had a member of the European Parliament, Eleonora Forenza, who sat with the European United Left–Nordic Green Left (GUE/NGL) group in 2014–2019.
Cherkasov
Cherkasov (masculine, Russian: Черка́сов) or Cherkasova (feminine) is a Russian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alla Cherkasova (born 1989), Ukrainian wrestler

Alan Cherkasov, Kazakh television personality

Andrei Cherkasov (born 1970), former professional tennis player

Maria Cherkasova (born 1938), Russian journalist and ecologist

Marina Cherkasova (born 1964), Russian retired pair skater

Marina Cherkasova (skier) (born 1972), Russian freestyle skier

Nikolai Cherkasov (1903–1966), Soviet actor

Svetlana Cherkasova (born 1978), Russian middle-distance runner

Valentina Cherkasova (born 1958), Soviet sports shooter

Veronika Cherkasova (1959–2004), Belarusian journalist

Valentina Cherkasova
Valentina Vladimirovna Cherkasova  (Russian: Валентина Владимировна Черкасова, before 1977 Makarova; born June 22, 1958) is a  Soviet sport shooter. She won the Bronze medal in the 50 m rifle 3 pos in the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul.

She was born in Jõhvi. In 1981 she graduated from a sport school in Moscow.

She began her shooting career in 1971 in Narva, coached by Vladimir Sidorov. In 1988 Summer Olympics in Soul, she won bronze medal. In 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona she finished 5th. She is 3-times Estonian champion. 1975–1977 she was a member of Estonian national shooting team. She was also a member of Soviet Union national shooting team.

Since about late-1970s she is living in Russia.
Nanakramguda
Nanakramguda  is a fast-growing residential location in West Zone of Hyderabad, India. Nanakramguda is part of Financial District and is an IT, real estate and architectural suburb in Serlingampally mandal,  in Hyderabad, India. The first phase of financial district is home to TSI Business parks, IT/ITES special economic zones, Tishman Speyer's, Waverock Building, which houses multinational conglomerates. The Nanakramguda Village, Film Nagar, and Nanakramguda temple are near to this IT Suburb. Medi Kunta Lake, also known as Wipro lake is located here. A few of the tallest buildings in Hyderabad are located in Nanakramguda, with The Olympus by Sumadhura being the tallest among them.

The US Consulate in Hyderabad has its own building here in Nanakramguda, Financial District.

Tishman Speyer
Tishman Speyer is an American multinational corporation based at 45 Rockefeller Plaza in Midtown Manhattan. The conglomerate invests in high-profile real estate properties, has developed multiple buildings around the world, and has owned famous buildings and land plots, including the Chrysler Building.
Gas cylinder
A gas cylinder is a pressure vessel for storage and containment of gases at above atmospheric pressure. Gas storage cylinders may also be called bottles. Inside the cylinder the stored contents may be in a state of compressed gas, vapor over liquid, supercritical fluid, or dissolved in a substrate material, depending on the physical characteristics of the contents. A typical gas cylinder design is elongated, standing upright on a flattened or dished bottom end or foot ring, with the cylinder valve screwed into the internal neck thread at the top for connecting to the filling or receiving apparatus.

Gas
Gas is a state of matter with neither fixed volume nor fixed shape. It is a compressible form of fluid, in contrast to a liquid. A pure gas consists of individual atoms (e.g. a noble gas like neon), or molecules (e.g. oxygen (O2) or carbon dioxide). Pure gases can also be mixed together such as in the air. What distinguishes gases from liquids and solids is the vast separation of the individual gas particles. This separation can make some gases invisible to the human observer.

The gaseous state of matter occurs between the liquid and plasma states, the latter of which provides the upper-temperature boundary for gases. Bounding the lower end of the temperature scale lie degenerative quantum gases which are gaining increasing attention.
High-density atomic gases super-cooled to very low temperatures are classified by their statistical behavior as either Bose gases or Fermi gases. For a comprehensive listing of these exotic states of matter, see list of states of matter.
UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships
The UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships are the world championships for cyclo-cross organised by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI). Starting in 2022, seven events are organized each year – men's elite, women's elite, men's under 23, women's under 23, men's under 18 (Men's Juniors), women's under 18 (Women's Juniors) and a Mixed team relay event. In recent years, the mixed relay race is held on a Friday and the rest of the races on Saturday and Sunday after that.

The UCI awards a gold medal and a rainbow jersey to the winner. Silver and bronze medals are awarded to the second and third place contestants. World champions wear their rainbow jersey until the following year's championship, but they may wear it only in the type of event in which they won it.

World championship
A world championship is generally an international competition open to elite competitors from around the world, representing their nations, and winning such an event will be considered the highest or near highest achievement in the sport, game, or ability.
Meall an Fhudair
Meall an Fhudair (764 m) is a mountain in the Grampian Mountains, Scotland. It lies immediately north of the Arrochar Alps, near to the small village of Inverarnan.

A sprawling and wild mountain, it offers fine views from its summit. Walks usually start from the main A82 road just to the east.

Inverarnan
Inverarnan is a small hamlet in Stirling, Scotland, near the village of Crianlarich and the hamlet of Ardlui, Argyll and Bute. It is the only settlement in the historical county of Perthshire which has a G postcode.
Nimber
In mathematics, the nimbers, also called Grundy numbers (not to be confused with Grundy chromatic numbers), are introduced in combinatorial game theory, where they are defined as the values of heaps in the game Nim.  The nimbers are the same proper class as the ordinal numbers but endowed with nimber addition and nimber multiplication, which are distinct from ordinal addition and ordinal multiplication.

Because of the Sprague–Grundy theorem which states that every impartial game is equivalent to a Nim heap of a certain size, nimbers arise in a much larger class of impartial games. They may also occur in partisan games like Domineering.

The nimber addition and multiplication operations are associative and commutative. Each nimber is its own additive inverse.  In particular for some pairs of ordinals, their nimber sum is smaller than either addend.  The minimum excludant operation is applied to sets of nimbers.

Grundy number
In graph theory, the Grundy number or Grundy chromatic number of an undirected graph is the maximum number of colors that can be used by a greedy coloring strategy that considers the vertices of the graph in sequence and assigns each vertex its first available color, using a vertex ordering chosen to use as many colors as possible. Grundy numbers are named after P. M. Grundy, who studied an analogous concept for directed graphs in 1939. The undirected version was introduced by Christen & Selkow (1979).
René Wenzel
René Wenzel (born 20 April 1960) is a Danish cycle racing coach, working as a consultant. He is a former coach of USA Cycling's national junior team, Koege Cykel Ring in Denmark, and first cycling teacher at a sports college in Denmark, the Gentofte Studenter Kursus.

USA Cycling
USA Cycling or USAC, based in Colorado Springs, Colorado, is the national governing body for bicycle racing in the United States. It covers the disciplines of road, track, mountain bike, cyclo-cross, and BMX across all ages and ability levels. In 2015, USAC had a membership of 61,631 individual members.

USA Cycling is associated with the UCI or, Union Cycliste Internationale, which governs international cycling, and the United States Olympic Committee (USOC). The organization is also a member of the continental body Confederacion Panamericana de Ciclismo (COPACI). USA Cycling also organizes the USA Cycling Pro Road Tour, the top road cycling series for men and women in the United States.
Hümmel
Hümmel is a municipality in the district of Ahrweiler, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

The municipality has a forest of ancient beeches. It employs the forester and author Peter Wohlleben, who operates an ecologically sensitive burial ground there to generate funds for maintenance and protection of the forest.

He gives talks and publishes books to increase public understanding of trees and their interdependence.

Ahrweiler (district)
Ahrweiler (German pronunciation: [ˈaːɐ̯ˌvaɪlɐ] ⓘ) is a district in the north of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is bounded by (from the north and clockwise) the districts of Euskirchen, Rhein-Sieg and the city of Bonn in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, and the districts of Neuwied, Mayen-Koblenz and Vulkaneifel.
Italy Pavilion at Epcot
The Italy Pavilion is an Italian-themed pavilion that is part of the World Showcase, within Epcot at Walt Disney World in Bay Lake, Florida, United States. Its location is between the Germany pavilion and The American Adventure.

Bay Lake, Florida
Bay Lake is a city in Orange County, Florida, United States. The population was 29 at the 2020 census. It is named after a lake that lies east of Magic Kingdom. All four of the Walt Disney World Resort theme parks, and one of Walt Disney World's two water parks, are in Bay Lake, though all Disney parks in the region have mailing addresses in nearby Lake Buena Vista.

Bay Lake is one of two Florida municipalities inside the Central Florida Tourism Oversight District (formerly the Reedy Creek Improvement District) which also includes Walt Disney World, the other being Lake Buena Vista. Bay Lake is part of the Orlando–Kissimmee–Sanford Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Very Nice
"Very Nice", also commonly known by its Korean title "Aju Nice" (아주 Nice; Aju Naiseu), is a song by South Korean boy group Seventeen. It was released as the lead single from the reissue of their debut studio album Love & Letter on July 4, 2016. Despite initially peaking at only 22 on South Korea's Gaon Chart and winning no music show awards, "Very Nice" is now considered to be one of Seventeen's signature songs and has placed in multiple lists of best K-pop songs domestically and internationally.

Vernon (rapper)
Hansol Vernon Chwe (born February 18, 1998), known mononymously as Vernon (Korean: 버논), is a South Korean and American rapper, singer and songwriter. Managed by Pledis Entertainment, he is a member of the South Korean boy band Seventeen and its hip hop team.

Vernon made his official solo debut with "Black Eye" on December 27, 2022. Aside from his work with Seventeen and as a soloist, he has written and produced music with and for other artists such as Jamie, Bumzu, and Charli XCX.
Joachim I Nestor, Elector of Brandenburg
Joachim I Nestor (21 February 1484 – 11 July 1535) was a Prince-elector of the Margraviate of Brandenburg (1499–1535), the fifth member of the House of Hohenzollern. His nickname was taken from King Nestor of Greek mythology.

Nestor (mythology)
In Greek mythology, Nestor of Gerenia (Ancient Greek: Νέστωρ Γερήνιος, Nestōr Gerēnios) was a legendary king of Pylos. He is a prominent secondary character in Homer's Iliad and Odyssey, where he appears as an elderly warrior who frequently offers advice to the other characters.

The Mycenaean-era palace at Pylos is known as the Palace of Nestor, though there is no evidence that he was an actual person.
Rip Off Comix
Rip Off Comix was an underground comix anthology published between 1977 and 1991 by Rip Off Press. As time passed, the sensibility of the anthology changed from underground to alternative comics.

The anthology was originally a byproduct of the Rip Off Press syndication service, which, starting in the early 1970s, sold weekly content to alternative newspapers and student publications. The syndication service was discontinued by 1979, but strips produced by such cartoonists as Gilbert Shelton, Joel Beck, Dave Sheridan, Ted Richards, Bill Griffith, and Harry Driggs (as R. Diggs) were published in early issues of Rip Off Comix. For much of its run, the series served as a vehicle for Shelton's work, particularly Wonder Wart-Hog and The Fabulous Furry Freak Brothers.

For a period, Rip Off Comix was billed as "the International Journal of Humor and Cartoon Art", and became a showcase for the work of European cartoonists.

Joel Beck
Joel Beck (May 7, 1943 – September 14, 1999) was a San Francisco Bay Area artist and cartoonist. His comic book Lenny of Laredo, one of the earliest underground comic books of the 1960s, was the first underground comic book published on the West Coast.
Nicholson, Ontario
Nicholson is a ghost town in the Canadian province of Ontario, located on the Canadian Pacific Railway's White River Subdivision main track 22.3 miles northwest of Chapleau in the Sudbury District. It is counted as part of Sudbury, Unorganized, North Part in Canadian census data.

Sudbury District
The Sudbury District is a district in Northeastern Ontario in the Canadian province of Ontario. It was created in 1894 from townships of eastern Algoma District and west Nipissing District. In 1973, the Regional Municipality of Sudbury was created as a separate jurisdiction out of the district.

The overwhelming majority of the district (about 92%) is unincorporated and part of Unorganized North Sudbury District. With the exception of Chapleau, all of the district's incorporated municipalities are found in the area immediately surrounding the city of Greater Sudbury to the west, east and south. North of the Greater Sudbury area, the district is sparsely populated; between Sudbury and Chapleau, only unincorporated settlements, ghost towns and small First Nations reserves are found.