hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hosei Norota
Hosei Norota (野呂田 芳成, Norota Hōsei; 25 October 1929 – 23 May 2019) was a Japanese politician of the Liberal Democratic Party, a member of the House of Representatives in the Diet (national legislature). A native of Noshiro, Akita and graduate of Chuo University he joined the Ministry of Construction in 1953. Leaving the ministry, he was elected to the House of Councillors in the Diet for the first time in 1977. In 1983 he was elected to the House of Representatives for the first time. From 1995 to 1996 he served as the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries in Tomiichi Murayama's cabinet. In 1998 he served briefly as Director General of the Japan Defense Agency.

In 2001, Norota received the civilian honor Padma Vibhushan from the President of India.

Norota died of bladder cancer on 23 May 2019 at a Tokyo hospital, aged 89.

Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (Japan)
The Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (農林水産大臣, Nourin-Suisan Daijin) is a member of the Cabinet of Japan and is the leader and chief executive of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. The minister is nominated by the Prime Minister of Japan and is appointed by the Emperor of Japan.

The current minister is Norikazu Suzuki, who took office on 21 October 2025.
Repetitive strain injury software
Repetitive strain injuries (RSI) are injuries to the body's muscles, joints, tendons, ligaments, bones, or nerves caused by repetitive movements. Such injuries are more likely if the movements required force or were accompanied by vibrations, compression, hyperextension, or the maintenance of sustained positions. Prolonged use of computer equipment can result in upper limb disorders, notably in the wrist or the back. RSIs are a subset of musculoskeletal disorders.

Various software is available to aid individuals in avoiding injury or manage current discomfort/injury associated with computer use.

Musculoskeletal disorder
Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are injuries or pain in the human musculoskeletal system, including the joints, ligaments, muscles, nerves, tendons, and structures that support limbs, neck and back. MSDs can arise from a sudden exertion (e.g., lifting a heavy object), or they can arise from making the same motions repeatedly (repetitive strain), or from repeated exposure to force, vibration, or awkward posture. Injuries and pain in the musculoskeletal system caused by acute traumatic events like a car accident or fall are not considered musculoskeletal disorders. MSDs can affect many different parts of the body including upper and lower back, neck, shoulders and extremities (arms, legs, feet, and hands). Examples of MSDs include carpal tunnel syndrome, epicondylitis, tendinitis, back pain, tension neck syndrome, and hand-arm vibration syndrome.
Federation of Jewish Communities of Spain
The Federation of Jewish Communities of Spain (FCJE; Spanish: Federación de Comunidades Judías de España) is the umbrella organization representing the interests of most Jews in Spain. Domestically, the FCJE is the official voice of the Spanish Jewish community to the Spanish government. Internationally, the FCJE is the Spanish representative to the European Jewish Congress and World Jewish Congress. In 2021, the FCJE estimated there were between 40,000 and 45,000 Jews in Spain, 98.5% of which are estimated to be part of communities represented by the FCJE.

European Jewish Congress
The European Jewish Congress (EJC) was founded in 1986. It is based in Brussels, with offices in Paris, Strasbourg, Berlin and Budapest. It is a representative body of democratically elected European Jewish communities throughout Europe.
S.I. Vavilov Institute for the History of Science and Technology RAS
The Sergey Vavilov Institute for the History of Science and Technology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (or Institute for the History of Science and Technology named after S. I. Vavilov RAS (IHIT or IIET RAS)) is the only research institute in Russia for the study of the history of science and technology. It managed by the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Valerian Obolensky
Valerian Valerianovich Obolensky (Russian: Валериа́н Валериа́нович Оболе́нский; 25 March 1887 – 1 September 1938) (who worked under the party pseudonym Nikolai Osinsky) was a Russian Bolshevik revolutionary, Marxist theorist, Soviet politician, economist, and professor of the Agricultural Academy of Moscow.
Titwood
Titwood is a cricket ground in the Pollokshields area of Glasgow, Scotland. It is the home of the Clydesdale Cricket Club and is one of four international grounds in Scotland approved by the International Cricket Council (ICC) as a home venue for the Scotland national cricket team.

Titwood was approved by the ICC in May 2007 for the hosting of  One-Day International (ODI) matches. It became the fourth Scottish ground to be granted ODI status, as it was seen as a hub of cricket in Scotland, along with the Grange, Aberdeenshire's Mannofield and Ayr's New Cambusdoon.

The first of these, an 'offshore international' between India and Pakistan in July 2007, was a victim of the wet weather. The second game was played in August the same year, between Scotland and India.

In January 2014, Titwood hosted Scotland’s last three Clydesdale Bank 40 home group games.

Cambusdoon New Ground
Cambusdoon New Ground is a cricket ground located in Ayr, Scotland. It is the home of Ayr Cricket Club and hosted three One Day Internationals (ODI) in August 2006 as part of the European Cricket Championship tournament.
Kathryn Sophia Belle
Kathryn Sophia Belle, formerly known as Kathryn T. Gines (born 2 July 1978), is an American philosopher. She is associate professor of philosophy at Pennsylvania State University. Much of her work has focused on increasing diversity within philosophy, and she is the founding director of the Collegium of Black Women Philosophers.

Africana philosophy
Africana philosophy is the work of philosophers of African descent and others whose work deals with the subject matter of the African diaspora. The name does not refer to a particular philosophy, philosophical system, method, or tradition. Rather, Africana philosophy is a third-order, metaphilosophical, umbrella-concept used to bring organizing oversight to various efforts of philosophizing. Africana philosophy is a part of and developed within the field of Africana studies.
Domboshaba
Domboshaba  ruins is a cultural and heritage site in Botswana originally occupied towards the end of the Great Zimbabwe period (1250–1450 AD). The site is a respected place for the people living in the region and it is believed that the chief lived on the top of the hill together with his helpers or assistants.

The phrase Dombo means hill and the word Shaba means red (translated from the Ikalanga language means "red" or eland Hill). Domboshaba is also called the Luswingo used to be the settlement of the Great chief of that time. The ruins are similar to the Mwenemotapa. The chief's wife settled below the hill. Domboshaba has other ranges of hills along it, a natural water well located in Mantenge hill, called Mantenge Well which never dries up: the well is 7 metres deep and is situated in the rock.

Kalanga people
The Kalanga or BaKalanga are a southern Bantu ethnic group mainly inhabiting Matebeleland in Zimbabwe, northern Botswana, and parts of the Limpopo Province in South Africa.

The BaKalanga of Botswana are the second largest ethnic group in the country, and their Kalanga language being the second most spoken in the country (most prevalent in the North). The TjiKalanga language of Zimbabwe is the third most spoken language in the country, however, being recognized as a Western Shona branch of the Shona group of languages. It is likewise used in mass media.
T9 road (Tanzania)
The T9 is a Trunk road in Tanzania. The road runs from Biharamulo in Kagera along the western zones of the country through to Tunduma forming a junction at the Tanzam Highway. The roads as it is approximately 881 km (547 mi). The road is partially paved, with the biggest unpaved section being from Mpanda to Biharamulo. As of November 2021, the route is the longest unpaved section of the National Trunk road system.

Tanzam Highway
The Tanzam Highway leads from Lusaka in Zambia to Dar es Salaam in Tanzania. The highway was built from 1968 to 1973 in several stages and was intended to provide seaport access for Zambia and to expand the transport options for Zambia, Malawi and the then Zaire (now Democratic Republic of the Congo).
Evelyn Sears
Evelyn Georgianna Sears (March 9, 1875 – November 10, 1966) was an American tennis player at the beginning of the 20th century.

In 1907, she won the U.S. National Championship women's singles title, after beating Carrie Neely 6–3, 6–2 in the All-Comers final and the default of reigning champion Helen Homans in the Challenge Round. She also won the women's doubles title in 1908 with Margaret Curtis, beating Carrie Neely and Miriam Steever, 6–3, 5–7, 9–7.

She was a cousin of the seven times winner of the men's singles title at the U.S. National Championship Richard Sears.

Richard Sears (tennis)
Richard Dudley Sears (October 26, 1861 – April 8, 1943) was an American tennis player, who won the US National Championships singles in its first seven years, from 1881 to 1887, and the doubles for six years from 1882 to 1887, after which he retired from tennis.
Sergei Mogilnikov
Sergei Petrovich Mogilnikov (Russian: Серге́й Петрович Могильников, born September 28, 1958) is a former Soviet and Kazakhstani professional  ice hockey player and currently an ice hockey coach. He is the former head coach of Gornyak Rudny, Barys Astana, Kazakhmys Satpaev and Kazzinc-Torpedo.

Kazakhstan men's national ice hockey team
The Kazakhstan Men's National Ice Hockey Team is controlled by Kazakhstan Ice Hockey Federation. Kazakhstan is ranked 13th in the world as of 2025. They have competed at the Winter Olympics twice, in 1998 and 2006. The national team joined the IIHF in 1992 and first played internationally at the 1993 Men's World Ice Hockey Championships. The team has frequently played at the elite division of the World Championship, often moving between there and the Division I level.
Solomon and Saturn
Solomon and Saturn is the generic name given to four Old English works, which present a dialogue of riddles between Solomon, the king of Israel, and Saturn, identified in two of the poems as a prince of the Chaldeans.

On account of earlier editorial tendencies, the two poetical works, Solomon and Saturn I and Solomon and Saturn II, have often been read as a single, continuous poem. They are considered to be among the most enigmatic and difficult poems in the Old English corpus.

Saturn (mythology)
Saturn (Latin: Sāturnus [saːˈtʊrnʊs]) was a god in ancient Roman religion, and a character in Roman mythology. He was described as a god of time, generation, dissolution, abundance, wealth, agriculture, periodic renewal and liberation. Saturn's mythological reign was depicted as a Golden Age of abundance and peace. After the Roman conquest of Greece, he was conflated with the Greek Titan Cronus. Saturn's consort was his sister Ops, with whom he fathered Jupiter, Neptune, Pluto, Juno, Ceres and Vesta.

Saturn was especially celebrated during the festival of Saturnalia each December, perhaps the most famous of the Roman festivals, a time of feasting, role reversals, free speech, gift-giving and revelry. The Temple of Saturn in the Roman Forum housed the state treasury and archives (aerarium) of the Roman Republic and the early Roman Empire. The planet Saturn and the day of the week Saturday are both named after and were associated with him.
Oxenstierna
The Oxenstierna family (US: /ˈʊksənʃɛərnə, ˈɒk-/ UUK-sən-shair-nə, OK-, Swedish: [ˈʊ̂ksɛnˌɧæːɳa]) is a Swedish noble family, originally from Småland in southern Sweden, and is part of the Swedish uradel, the ancient nobility.

Lord High Chancellor of Sweden
The Lord High Chancellor (Swedish: Rikskansler, lit. 'Chancellor of the Realm') was the effective head of government in Sweden, from 1538 to 1799, with periods of vacancy. The office holder was a member, and typically the leader, of the Privy Council. From 1634, the Lord High Chancellor was one of five Great Officers of the Realm, who were the most prominent members of the Privy Council and each presided over a branch of government—the Lord High Chancellor headed the Privy Council, making him the leader of the executive. In 1792, more than a century after the office's abolition in 1680, it was revived, but was then finally abolished again seven years later in 1799.
Capodrise
Capodrise (Campanian: Caputrìsë) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Caserta in the Italian region Campania, located about 25 kilometres (16 mi) north of Naples and about 3 kilometres (2 mi) southwest of Caserta.

Capodrise borders the following municipalities: Marcianise, Portico di Caserta, Recale, San Marco Evangelista, San Nicola la Strada. It forms a single conurbation together with Marcianise and Caserta itself.

Portico di Caserta
Portico di Caserta is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Caserta in the Italian region Campania, located about 25 kilometres (16 mi) north of Naples and about 5 kilometres (3 mi) southwest of Caserta.
Himeros (crater)
Himeros, also nicknamed the Saddle, is a large impact crater on the asteroid Eros. It is centered at roughly 21.20°N, 77.7°E, on Eros's eastern "hemisphere." The crater is named after Himeros of Greek mythology, one of seven Erotes, attendant to Eros, and the personification of the longing for love. The name Himeros was officially approved by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) in 2003.

433 Eros
433 Eros is a stony asteroid of the Amor group, and the first discovered, and second-largest near-Earth object. It has an elongated shape and a volume-equivalent diameter of approximately 16.8 kilometers (10.4 miles).

The asteroid was discovered by German astronomer C. G. Witt at the Berlin Observatory on 13 August 1898 in an eccentric orbit between Mars and Earth. It was later named after Eros, a god from Greek mythology, the son of Aphrodite. He is identified with the planet Venus.
Dąbie, Wieruszów County
Dąbie [ˈdɔmbjɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Galewice, within Wieruszów County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) east of Galewice, 14 km (9 mi) east of Wieruszów, and 93 km (58 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Galewice
Galewice [ɡalɛˈvit͡sɛ] is a village in central Poland in Wieruszów County, Łódź Voivodeship, established in the 15th century. It was first mentioned in 1458 in Judicial Chronicles. The origin of the name Galewice is ambiguous. It either comes from a word Gal, which means 'to serve' or it belonged to the first owners of the village, an aristocratic family of Galewski (coat of arms Wierusz). It is the seat of the administrative district of Gmina Galewice. It lies approximately 10 km (6 mi) north-east of Wieruszów and 97 km (60 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.
Pygmy music
Pygmy music refers to the  sub-Saharan African music traditions of the Central African foragers (or "Pygmies"), predominantly in the Congo, the Central African Republic and Cameroon.

Pygmy groups include the Bayaka, the Mbuti, and the Batwa.

Music is an important part of Pygmy life, and casual performances take place during many of the day's events. Music comes in many forms, including the spiritual likanos stories, vocable singing and music played from a variety of instruments including the bow harp (ieta), ngombi (harp zither) and limbindi (a string bow).

Researchers who have studied Pygmy music include Simha Arom, Louis Sarno, Colin Turnbull and Jean-Pierre Hallet.

Deep Forest
Deep Forest is a French music project that originally began as a duo consisting of Michel Sanchez and Éric Mouquet, who created a style of world music, sometimes called ethnic electronica, mixing ethnic with electronic sounds and dance or chillout beats. Deep Forest's sound has been described as an "ethno-introspective ambient world music".

The project's self-titled debut album was nominated in 1994 for the Best World Music Album Grammy, and in 1996, they won the same award for Boheme. Deep Forest's albums have sold over ten million copies. Sanchez left the project in 2005 to focus on a solo career, while Mouquet has continued working under the band's original name. As of 2025, the project has released 13 studio albums as well as a number of live records and several soundtracks and compilations.
Radom District
Radom District was one of the first four Nazi districts of the General Governorate region of German-occupied Poland during World War II, along with Warsaw District, Lublin District, and Kraków District. To the west it bordered Reichsgau Wartheland and East Upper Silesia.

The district's governors were Karl Lasch from 1939 to 1941, followed by Ernst Kundt until 1945. It is estimated that the district's population in 1940 was approximately 3 million people, including over 300,000 Jews.

Kraków District
Kraków District (German: Distrikt Krakau, Polish: Dystrykt krakowski) was one of the original four administrative districts set up by Nazi Germany after the German occupation of Poland during the years of 1939–1945. This district, along with the other three districts, formed the General Government. It was established on October 12, 1939 by Adolf Hitler, with the capital in occupied Kraków – the historic residence of Polish royalty. The Nazi Gauleiter Hans Frank became the Governor-General of the entire territory of the General Government. He made his residence in Kraków at the heavily guarded Wawel castle. Frank was the former legal counsel to the Nazi Party.
1989 Men's Hockey Asia Cup
The 1989 Men's Hockey Asia Cup was the third edition of the Men's Hockey Asia Cup, the quadrennial international men's field hockey championship of Asia organized by the Asian Hockey Federation. It was held from 20 to 28 December 1989 in New Delhi, India.

The two-time defending champions Pakistan won the tournament for a third consecutive time by defeating the hosts India 2–0 in the final. South Korea won the bronze medal by defeating Japan 2–0.

Men's Hockey Asia Cup
The Men's Hockey Asia Cup is a men's international field hockey tournament organized by the Asian Hockey Federation. The winning team becomes the champion of Asia and qualifies for the FIH Hockey World Cup.

India are the defending champions, having won the 2025 edition.

The next edition is scheduled to take place in 2029. South Korea have won the most titles with five. India are the next with four titles won and Pakistan have won the tournament three times.

The hosts together with the six highest-ranked teams from the previous edition directly qualify for the tournament. They are joined by the top team from the Men's AHF Cup or the top two teams, if the host is already qualified.
2012 Tunis Open
The 2012 Tunis Open was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the seventh edition of the tournament which was part of the 2012 ATP Challenger Tour and the Tretorn SERIE+ tour. It took place in Tunis, Tunisia between April 30 and May 6, 2012.

2012 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2012 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 15 top tier Tretorn SERIE+ tournaments, and a total of 148 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $35,000 up to $150,000.
Little River (Kentucky)
Little River is a 57.8-mile-long (93.0 km) river in Trigg County, Kentucky, in the United States. It rises in Christian County southwest of Hopkinsville where the two branches: North Fork and South Fork merge. From the confluence, it meanders northwesterly past Cadiz before emptying into Lake Barkley. It is a tributary of the Cumberland River and therefore, via the Ohio River, part of the Mississippi River watershed.

The surrounding region is low rolling hills and farmland. Bedrock consists of limestone, and there are numerous springs, caves and bluffs along the river's edge. The stream bed is composed mostly of clay and mud with some bedrock, gravel and limestone boulders.

The mean rate of flow is 765 cu ft/s (21.7 m3/s).

Cumberland River
The Cumberland River is a major waterway of the Southern United States. The 688-mile-long (1,107 km) river drains almost 18,000 square miles (47,000 km2) of southern Kentucky and north-central Tennessee. The river flows generally west from a source in the Appalachian Mountains to its confluence with the Ohio River near Paducah, Kentucky, and the mouth of the Tennessee River. Major tributaries include the Obey, Caney Fork, Stones, and Red Rivers.

Although the Cumberland River basin is predominantly rural, there are also some large cities on the river, including Nashville and Clarksville, both in Tennessee.

The river system has been extensively altered for flood control. Major dams impound areas of both the main stem and many of its important tributaries.
Chaluka Site
The Chaluka Site is a prehistoric archaeological site and National Historic Landmark in Nikolski, Alaska, on Umnak Island in the Aleutian Islands of southwestern Alaska.  The site documents more than 4,000 years of more-or-less continuous occupation of the area now occupied by the modern village of Nikolski.  The site includes a large midden, yielding much information about the origins of the Aleut people.

Aleuts
Aleuts (/ˌæ.liːˈuːt/ ⓘ AL-ee-OOT; Aleut: Unangan (west) or Unangas (east) Russian: Алеуты, romanized: Aleuty) are the Indigenous people of the Aleutian Islands, which are located between the North Pacific Ocean and the Bering Sea. Both the Aleuts and the islands are politically divided between the U.S. state of Alaska and the Russian administrative division of Kamchatka Krai. This group is also known as the Unangax̂ in Unangam Tunuu, the Aleut language. There are 13 federally recognized Aleut tribes in the Aleut Region of Alaska. In 2000, Aleuts in Russia were recognized by government decree as a small-numbered Indigenous people.
Opening of the North Atlantic Ocean
The opening of the North Atlantic Ocean is a geological event that has occurred over millions of years, during which the supercontinent Pangea broke up. As modern-day Europe (Eurasian Plate) and North America (North American Plate) separated during the final breakup of Pangea in the early Cenozoic Era, they formed the North Atlantic Ocean. Geologists believe the breakup occurred either due to primary processes of the Iceland plume or secondary processes of lithospheric extension from plate tectonics.

North American plate
The North American plate is a tectonic plate containing most of North America, Cuba, the Bahamas, extreme northeastern Asia, and parts of Iceland and the Azores. With an area of 76 million km2 (29 million sq mi), it is the Earth's second largest tectonic plate, behind the Pacific plate (which borders the plate to the west).

It extends eastward to the seismically active Mid-Atlantic Ridge at the Azores triple junction plate boundary where it meets the Eurasian plate and Nubian plate.
and westward to the Chersky Range in eastern Siberia. The plate includes both continental and oceanic crust. The interior of the main continental landmass includes an extensive granitic core called a craton. Along most of the edges of this craton are fragments of crustal material called terranes, which are accreted to the craton by tectonic actions over a long span of time. Much of North America west of the Rocky Mountains is composed of such terranes.