hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Iberogast
Iberogast, also known as STW5, is a liquid formulation of nine herbs used for functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome.  A proprietary blend, it was developed in Germany in 1961 and is available (without prescription) in other countries.  Named after the genus (Iberis) of one of its ingredients, it is also claimed to possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidative and free radical–inhibiting properties as well as the ability to reduce gastric acid secretion.

Iberogast is a mixture of extracts from bitter candytuft (Iberis amara), angelica root (Angelicae radix), milk thistle fruit (Silybi mariani fructus), celandine herb (Chelidonium majus), caraway fruit (Carvi fructus), liquorice root (Liquiritiae radix), peppermint herb (Menthae piperitae folium), balm leaf (Melissae folium), and chamomile flower (Matricariae flos).

Angelica
Angelica is a genus of about 90 species of tall biennial and perennial herbs in the family Apiaceae, native to temperate and subarctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere, reaching as far north as Iceland, Sápmi, and Greenland. They grow to 1–3 m (3 ft 3 in – 9 ft 10 in) tall, with large bipinnate leaves and large compound umbels of white or greenish-white flowers. It shows variations in fruit anatomy, leaf morphology, and subterranean structures. The genes are extremely polymorphic.

Some species can be found in purple moor and rush pastures.
Quercus saravanensis
Quercus saravanensis is an Asian species of tree in the beech family Fagaceae. It has been found in northern Indochina (Laos + Vietnam), and also in the Province of Yunnan in southwestern China. It is placed in subgenus Cerris, section Cyclobalanopsis.

Quercus saravanensis is a large tree up to 50 m tall. Twigs are hairless. Leaves can be as much as 140 mm long, thin and papery.  The acorn is ellipsoid, 15-20 × 15-20 mm, glabrous; the scar is approx. 8 mm in diameter.

Quercus subg. Cerris
Quercus subgenus Cerris is one of the two subgenera into which the genus Quercus was divided in a 2017 classification (the other being subgenus Quercus). It contains about 140 species divided among three sections. It may be called the Old World clade or the mid-latitude clade; all species are native to Eurasia and North Africa.
Njombe District
Njombe District is a former district of the Iringa Region of Tanzania. The current Njombe districts are Njombe Rural District and Njombe Urban District.

Up until 2012 Njombe District was among the districts of the Iringa Region. In 2012, the area that had been within the old Njombe District was incorporated into the new Njombe Region. Within the new region there were created three districts that had wards that were formerly within Njombe District:  Njombe Rural District, Njombe Urban District (Njombe Town Council) and Wanging'ombe District. In addition Njombe Region received Makete District and Ludewa District from Iringa Region.

Ludewa District
Ludewa District is one of six districts in the Njombe Region in Tanzania, East Africa. Prior to 2012, the district was one of the seven districts of Iringa Region. The town of Ludewa is the administrative seat of the district. A hospital is located in the city. The district is bordered to the north by the Njombe Rural District and Makete District, to the southeast by the Ruvuma Region and to the southwest by the country of Malawi across Lake Nyasa.: 6

In 2016 the Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics report there were 137,520 people in the district, from 133,218 in 2012.: 167-168 : 204
Finnpusku
Finnpusku is an integrated tug and barge system owned and operated by ESL Shipping, a Finnish shipping company that specializes in bulk cargo transports in the Baltic Sea. The system was developed in the 1980s by Finnlines, another Finnish shipping company that also managed the vessels until 2003, in co-operation with Rautaruukki to transport raw materials to the Raahe Steel Works. Two pushers and five barges, four of which remain in service, were delivered by Hollming in 1986–1987.

Today the Finnpusku system consists of pushers Rautaruukki and Steel, and barges Board, Botnia, Kalla and Tasku.

Finnish markka
The markka (Finnish: markka; Swedish: mark; sign: mk; ISO code: FIM), also known as the Finnish mark, was the currency of Finland from 1860 until 28 February 2002, when it ceased to be legal tender. The markka was divided into 100 pennies (Finnish: penni; Swedish: penni), abbreviated as "p". At the point of conversion, the rate was fixed at €1 = 5.94573 mk.

The markka was replaced by the euro (€), which had been introduced, in cash form, on 1 January 2002. This was after a transitional period of three years, when the euro was the official currency but only existed as "book money" outside of the monetary base. The dual circulation period, when both the markka and the euro had legal tender status, ended on 28 February 2002.
2024 European Le Mans Series
The 2024 European Le Mans Series was the twenty-first season of the Automobile Club de l'Ouest's (ACO) European Le Mans Series. The six-event season began at Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya on 14 April and concluded at Algarve International Circuit on 19 October.

The series was open to Le Mans Prototypes, divided into the LMP2 and LMP3 classes, and grand tourer-style racing cars in the new LMGT3 class. The season was the first for the LMGT3 class, replacing LMGTE.

AF Corse
AF Corse is an Italian auto racing team founded by former racing driver Amato Ferrari in 1995 in Piacenza.  Strongly linked to the Maserati and Ferrari brands, AF Corse currently competes in the FIA World Endurance Championship, GT World Challenge Europe, European Le Mans Series, Asian Le Mans Series, and International GT Open, and are four-time champions of the GT2 class of the former FIA GT Championship. The team has also entered cars under Advanced Engineering, AT Racing, PeCom Racing, Spirit of Race, Formula Racing, 8Star Motorsports and MR Racing, and in association with Michael Waltrip Racing (AF Waltrip).
Fionán Mackessy
Fionán Mackessy (born 1998) is an Irish hurler who plays for Kerry Senior Championship club St Brendan's and at inter-county level with the Kerry senior hurling team. He usually lines out as a centre-back. Following a work related move to County Kilkenny, he subsequently joined O'Loughlin Gaels, and lined out with the county team in 2025.

2016 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship
The 2016 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship was the GAA's premier inter-county gaelic football competition for under 18's. 32 teams took part.

The winners receive the Tom Markham Cup.

The defending champions were Kerry who defeated Tipperary in the 2015 final.

Kerry beat Galway 3-07 to 0-09 in the final on 18 September 2016 for their third consecutive championship.
1988 IRA attacks in the Netherlands
The Provisional IRA carried out two separate attacks on 1 May 1988 against British military personnel in the Netherlands which resulted in the deaths of three RAF members and another three being injured. It was the worst attack suffered by the British security forces during The Troubles from 1969 to 1998 in mainland Europe.

JHQ Rheindahlen
JHQ (Joint Headquarters) Rheindahlen was a military base in Mönchengladbach, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany active from 1954 to 2013. It functioned as the main headquarters for British forces in Germany and for the NATO Northern Army Group. Latterly it was also known as the Rheindahlen Military Complex, part of Rheindahlen Garrison. It was named after the local village of Rheindahlen, part of the city borough of Mönchengladbach.
Symphytognathidae
Symphytognathidae is a family of spiders with 90 described species in eight genera. Most species inhabit the New World tropics and Oceania.

The species Patu digua is considered to be one of the smallest spiders in the world with a body size of 0.37 millimetres (0.015 in).

Patu digua
Patu digua is a very small species of spider. The male holotype and female paratype were collected from Río Digua, near Queremal, Valle del Cauca, in Colombia.

By some accounts it is the smallest spider in the world, as males reach a body size of only about 0.37 mm (0.015 in)—roughly one fifth the size of the head of a pin.

The use of the spider as a necrobotic gripping tool in microscopic manipulations was suggested in 2022.
Takuya Nomura
Takuya Nomura (野村卓矢, Nomura Takuya) is a Japanese professional wrestler. He is currently working as a freelancer, but is temporarily retired due to kidney failure. He is best known for his tenure with the professional wrestling promotions Big Japan Pro Wrestling (BJW) and Pro Wrestling Zero1 (Zero1).

Japan Indie Awards
The Japan Indie Awards (Japanese: 日本インディー大賞, Hepburn: Nihon Indī Taishō) were Japanese professional wrestling, or puroresu, awards that were handed out annually between 2007 and 2023 by the program Indie no Oshigoto, broadcast on the Fighting TV Samurai TV channel. Unlike the more widely publicized and recognized Tokyo Sports Puroresu Awards that are awarded to all Japanese promotions, the Japan Indie Awards focused on the independent circuit and the smaller promotions.

The awards were voted by fans who could vote online on the Samurai TV website. The winners were announced before the start of the New Year's Pro-Wrestling event in Korakuen Hall.
Finnish Media Union
The Finnish Media Union (Finnish: Viestintäalan ammattiliitto) was a trade union representing printing industry workers in Finland.

The union was founded in 1894, as the Finnish Printers' and Bookbinders' Union.  It affiliated to the Finnish Trade Union Federation, then the Finnish Federation of Trade Unions until 1956, when it resigned.  In 1960, it was a founder member of a new Finnish Trade Union Federation, but it resigned from it in 1967.  From 1969, it held membership of the Central Organisation of Finnish Trade Unions.  By 1998, the union had 29,100 members.

In 2008, the union entered talks with six manufacturing unions about a possible merger.  Ultimately, only the Finnish Media Union and the Chemical Union persevered with the talks, and at the end of 2009, the two merged, to form the Industrial Union TEAM.

Industrial Union TEAM
The Industrial Union TEAM (Finnish: Teollisuusalojen ammattiliitto, TEAM) was a trade union representing manufacturing and print workers in Finland.

The Chemical Union had been keen to unite the various industrial unions in Finland for several years, and opened negotiations with six other unions.  The Metalworkers' Union withdrew, followed by all the others excepting the Media Union.  At the start of 2010, the Chemical Union and Media Union merged, forming the Industrial Union TEAM.  Like its predecessors, the union affiliated to the Central Organisation of Finnish Trade Unions.

The union was initially led by Timo Vallunta, former president of the Chemical Union.  In 2015, Vallunta was succeeded by Heli Puura.

In 2017, the union merged with the Metalworkers' Union and the Wood and Allied Workers' Union, to form the Industrial Union.
Welsummer
The Welsummer or Welsumer is a Dutch breed of domestic chicken. It originates in the small village of Welsum, in the eastern Netherlands. It was bred at the beginning of the twentieth century from local fowls of mixed origin: Rhode Island Reds, Barnevelders, Partridge Leghorns, Cochins, and Wyandottes. In 1922–23, steps were taken to fix a standard after the birds began to show a good deal of uniformity. The eggs were originally exported for the commercial egg trade. Some stock was exported to the United Kingdom, and the breed was added to the British Standard in 1930.

In 2001, a number of farms culled their flocks in connection with the outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease.

Wyandotte chicken
The Wyandotte is an American breed of dual-purpose chicken, raised both for its brown eggs and for its yellow-skinned meat. It was developed in the 1870s, and was named for the indigenous Wyandot people of North America. It has many color variants, and is also kept for showing. It was originally known as the American Sebright.
1996 World Junior Canoe Slalom Championships
The 1996 ICF World Junior Canoe Slalom Championships were the 6th edition of the ICF World Junior Canoe Slalom Championships. The event took place in Lipno nad Vltavou, Czech Republic from 11 to 14 July 1996 under the auspices of the International Canoe Federation (ICF).

A total of eight medal events took place.

ICF World Junior and U23 Canoe Slalom Championships
The ICF World Junior and U23 Canoe Slalom Championships are an annual international canoeing and kayaking event organized by the International Canoe Federation (ICF). The Junior World Championships were first held in 1986 and then every two years until 2012. The Under-23 category has been added to the program in 2012. Since then the championships have been held annually. Athletes under the age of 18 are eligible for the junior category.
Gmina Osieck
Gmina Osieck is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Otwock County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. Its seat  is the town of Osieck, which lies approximately 20 kilometres (12 mi) south-east of Otwock and 40 km (25 mi) south-east of Warsaw.
n
The gmina covers an area of 67.5 square kilometres (26.1 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 3,436.

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Masovian Landscape Park.

Otwock County
Otwock County (Polish: powiat otwocki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Masovian Voivodeship, east-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Otwock, which lies 22 kilometres (14 mi) south-east of Warsaw. The county also contains the towns of Józefów, lying 3 km (2 mi) north-west of Otwock, and Karczew, 4 km (2 mi) south of Otwock.

The county covers an area of 615.09 square kilometres (237.5 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 124,241, out of which the population of Otwock is 44,827, that of Józefów is 20,698, that of Karczew is 9,856, and the rural population is 48,860.
Robert Douglas (1727–1809)
Robert Douglas (1727 – 1809) was a Dutch States Army officer from Scotland who was commander of the garrison city of 's-Hertogenbosch in the Dutch Republic from 1780 to 1794. He was governor there from 1784.

Douglas was a major-general from 1778, and replaced Ludwig Ernst von Brunswick-Lüneburg-Bevern at 's-Hertogenbosch. He was the son of George Douglas of Friarshaw and his wife, Elizabeth Scott (daughter of Sir Patrick Scott, Bart. of Ancrum). His grandfather was Henry Douglas, 6th laird of Friarshaw.

Dutch States Army
The Dutch States Army (Dutch: Staatse leger) was the army of the Dutch Republic. It was usually called this, because it was formally the army of the States-General of the Netherlands, the sovereign power of that federal republic. This army was brought to such a size and state of readiness that it was able to hold its own against the armies of the major European powers of the extended 17th century, Habsburg Spain and the France of Louis XIV, despite the fact that these powers possessed far larger military resources than the Republic. It played a major role in the Eighty Years' War (opposite the Spanish Army of Flanders) and in the wars of the Grand Alliance with France after 1672.
Signs and symptoms of cancer
Cancer symptoms are changes in the body caused by the presence of cancer. They are usually caused by the effect of a cancer on the part of the body where it is growing, although the disease can cause more general symptoms such as weight loss or tiredness. There are more than 100 different types of cancer with a wide range of signs and symptoms which can manifest in different ways.

Electronic patient-reported outcome
An electronic patient-reported outcome (ePRO) is a patient-reported outcome that is collected by electronic methods. ePRO methods are most commonly used in clinical trials, but they are also used elsewhere in health care.  As a function of the regulatory process, a majority of ePRO questionnaires undergo the linguistic validation process.  When the data is captured for a clinical trial, the data is considered a form of Electronic Source Data.
Liga Atlética Interuniversitaria de Puerto Rico
The Inter-university Athletic League, often abbreviated LAI, is a college athletic conference in the U.S. Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.

The LAI is a non-profit organization whose main purpose is to regulate sports amongst its member institutions.  The league was founded in 1929 by Cosme Beitía of the University of Puerto Rico at Rio Piedras, Charles Leker for the Interamerican University of Puerto Rico, and Luis Izquierdo Galo y José D. Morales from the University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez. The league is best known for its flagship inter-collegiate sports event locally called Las Justas which takes place yearly during the month of April, generally in the city of Ponce.

Athletic conference
An athletic conference is a collection of sports teams which play competitively against each other in a sports league. In many cases conferences are subdivided into smaller divisions, with the best teams competing at successively higher levels. Conferences often, but not always, include teams from a common geographic region.
Prince of Wales's Own Donegal Militia
The Prince of Wales's Own Donegal Militia was an Irish Militia regiment raised in County Donegal in 1793. It saw action during the Irish Rebellion of 1798 and served in home defence through the major wars of the 19th Century, It later became a battalion of the Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers but was disbanded in 1908.

Line regiment
The line regiments formed the majority of the regiments in European standing armies in the early 20th century. These were all the regiments that did not have a specialist role - such as guards regiments. They are also often referred to as regiments of the line or, depending on the branch, as "infantry of the line", "line cavalry", etc.

For example, in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the line regiments did not include the guards regiments, the Landwehr, Landsturm or irregular light troops. When light infantry, that hitherto had been organised in small units like the free battalions (Freibataillone), became part of the line troops, and the Landwehr, national guards and the like became part of the warfighting army, the term "line regiment" was used to distinguish the standing, active, regular units from the rest.

There were line regiments in the infantry (line infantry), cavalry, and artillery. They usually made up the main body of an army's strength.
Gillis Springs
Gillis Springs, formerly Willow Spring, is a historical spring, two miles, (3 km) northwest of California Spring in Val Verde County, Texas.

Willow Spring was 16.39 miles, (26 km), south of Fort Hudson and the second crossing of the Devils River on the San Antonio-El Paso Road.  It was the last water for travelers from the east on the road before Dead Mans Pass.  The water of Gillis Springs, that flowed out of the Boquillas limestone, dried up in recent times.

Dead Mans Pass
Dead Mans Pass is a gap located in Val Verde County, Texas an elevation of 1837 feet.

Originally a pass along the Chihuahua Road or Old Spanish Road, later San Antonio-El Paso Road, between the first and second crossings of the Devils River. 
This place along the road north Comstock called “Dead Man's Pass” or “Dead Man's Run” saw many travelers die in the 19th century near the south entrance, it was described as a narrow canyon near Pecan Springs.

Texas State Highway 163 now passes through it from north to south between Comstock and Bakers Crossing.
East Harlsey
East Harlsey is a village and civil parish in the county of North Yorkshire, England. It is about 1 mile (2 km) west of Ingleby Arncliffe and the A19 and 6 miles (10 km) north-east of Northallerton. The population of the village as measured at the 2011 census was 281.

From 1974 to 2023 it was part of the district of Hambleton, it is now administered by the unitary North Yorkshire Council.

Within the village there is a pub called the 'Cat and Bagpipes'. St Oswald's Church, East Harlsey originated in the 12th century and is a grade II* listed building.

Harlsey Hall manor house is in the centre of the village: the manor was the property of the Lascelles family from the 11th century until 1654, when it passed to the Trotter Bannerman family, and from 1825, to the Maynard family.

Comedian Roy 'Chubby' Brown has a home at Harlsey Manor, to the east of East Harlsey.

Northallerton
Northallerton (/nɔːrˈθælərtən/ nor-THAL-ər-tən) is a market town and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England. It is near the River Wiske in the Vale of Mowbray and had a population of 16,832 in 2011. Northallerton is an administrative centre for York and North Yorkshire Combined Authority and North Yorkshire Council.

There has been a settlement at Northallerton since Roman times. That grew in importance from the 11th century when King William II gifted land there to the Bishop of Durham, and it became an important religious centre. The Battle of the Standard fought nearby in 1138 involved the death of up to 12,000 Scots.

Northallerton was an important stopping point for coaches on the road between Edinburgh and London until the arrival of the railway.
Flashtube
A flashtube (flashlamp) produces an electrostatic discharge with an extremely intense, incoherent, full-spectrum white light for a very short time. A flashtube is a glass tube with an electrode at each end and is filled with a gas that, when triggered, ionizes and conducts a high-voltage pulse to make light. Flashtubes are used most in photography; they also are used in science, medicine, industry, and entertainment.

Temperature gradient
A temperature gradient is a physical quantity that describes in which direction and at what rate the temperature changes the most rapidly around a particular location. The temperature spatial gradient is a vector quantity with dimension of temperature difference per unit length. The SI unit is kelvin per meter (K/m).

Temperature gradients in the atmosphere are important in the atmospheric sciences (meteorology, climatology and related fields).
Healy (crater)
Healy is a lunar impact crater that lies past the northwestern limb of the Moon, on the far side relative to the Earth. It is located to the southeast of the walled plain Landau, and west of Lorentz, another walled plain. The rim of Healy is only slightly worn, but a small crater lies across the northeastern side. The inner walls and interior floor are relatively featureless, with no impacts of note.

Lorentz (crater)
Lorentz is a huge lunar impact crater that lies just beyond the northwest limb of the Moon, in a region that is brought into sight of the Earth during favorable librations. This formation is nearly as large as the Mare Nectaris on the near side of the Moon, although it has not been submerged by lava as have the lunar mare. Sections of the crater floor are, however, relatively level, particularly an arc along the western rim. But this last region is still marked by a number of tiny craterlets. The remainder of the interior is rough and irregular, and marked with a multitude of impacts.

Lorentz contains a prominent crater pairing, with Nernst located just to the north of Lorentz's midpoint, and Röntgen attached to the southeastern rim of Nernst. Lying across the southern rim of Lorentz is Laue, and Avicenna lies across the northwestern rim. Near the more indeterminate eastern rim of Lorentz is Aston.