hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Diogenes syndrome
Diogenes syndrome, also known as senile squalor syndrome, is a disorder characterized by extreme self-neglect, domestic squalor, social withdrawal, apathy and compulsive hoarding of garbage or animals. Affected people may also display symptoms of catatonia.

The condition was first recognized in 1966 and designated Diogenes syndrome by Doctor A. N. G. Clark et al. The name derives from Diogenes of Sinope, an ancient Greek philosopher, a Cynic and an ultimate minimalist, who allegedly lived in a large jar in Athens. Not only did he not hoard, but he actually sought human company by venturing daily to the Agora. Therefore, this eponym is considered to be a misnomer. Other possible terms are senile breakdown, Plyushkin's syndrome (after the Gogol character), social breakdown, and senile squalor syndrome. Frontal lobe impairment may play a part in the causation.

Misnomer
A misnomer is a name that is incorrectly or unsuitably applied. Misnomers often arise because something was named long before its correct nature was known, or because an earlier form of something has been replaced by a later form to which the name no longer suitably applies. A misnomer may also be a word that is used incorrectly or misleadingly. The word "misnomer" does not mean "misunderstanding" or "popular misconception", and a number of misnomers remain in common usage — which is to say that a word being a misnomer does not necessarily make usage of the word incorrect.
Rossy Barbour
Roosevelt Ross Barbour (September 15, 1901 – April 29, 1993) was a Canadian politician. He represented the electoral district of Bonavista South in the Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly from 1959 to 1971. He was a member of the Liberal Party of Newfoundland and Labrador. Born in Newtown, Newfoundland and Labrador, he was a salesman.

Liberal Party of Newfoundland and Labrador
The Liberal Party of Newfoundland and Labrador is a political party in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. It is one of the three parties currently represented in the  Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly, and one of two that had continual representation since Newfoundland became a province of Canada. It has formed the Government of Newfoundland and Labrador for over 60% of time period since Newfoundland joined the Canadian Confederation as its tenth provinces in 1949 and produced eight of the province's fifteen premiers.
Invasion of Buhran
The Invasion of Buhran occurred in 3 A.H of the Islamic calendar of the 4th or 5th month. A report had arrived to the Muslims that a formidable force of the Banu Sulaym from Buhran were advancing on Madinah. Muhammad, took 300 men, to Hijaz reaching to Buhran, where the Banu Sulaym fled in panic.

Throughout the expedition, they did not meet any enemies, and no fighting took place. The expedition is regarded as a "patrolling invasion", according to Muslim scholar Saifur Rahman al-Mubarakpuri.

This event is mentioned in Ibn Hisham's biography of Muhammad and modern Islamic sources such as Ar-Raheeq Al-Makhtum by Saifur Rahman Al-Mubarakpuri.

Ibn Hisham
Abu Muhammad Abd al-Malik ibn Hisham ibn Ayyub al-Himyari (Arabic: أَبُو مُحَمَّدٌ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ هِشَامٍ بْنُ أَيُّوبَ الْحِمْيَرِيِّ, romanized: Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Hishām ibn Ayyūb al-Ḥimyarī; died 7 May 833), known simply as Ibn Hisham, was a 9th-century Abbasid historian and scholar. He grew up in Basra, in modern-day Iraq and later moved to Egypt.
Putinland
Putinland is a political neologism referring to Russia under the rule of Vladimir Putin. The term has been used in various contexts, from portraying Russia as a corrupt and murderous regime where the line between security forces and organized crime is blurred, to a military industrial oil and gas concern that is ready to swat away criticism at home, squash troublesome neighbours, and sacrifice personal freedoms in the name of a strong centralised state.

Petrostate
A petrostate, oil state or petrocracy is a polity whose economy is heavily dependent on the extraction and export of oil or natural gas. Petrostates are conventionally independent nations; however writers like Samuel Weston and Andrew Nikiforuk describe major oil-producing subnational entities like Wyoming, Alberta and Louisiana as also petrostates. A petromonarchy or oil monarchy is a petrostate run by a dynastic absolute monarch; one run by another type of autocrat is a petro-dictatorship.

The presence alone of large oil and gas industries does not define a petrostate: major oil producers that also have diversified economies are not classified as petrostates due to their ability to generate income from various industries and sectors beyond the oil industry. Petrostates typically have highly concentrated political and economic power, resting in the hands of an elite, as well as unaccountable political institutions that are susceptible to corruption.
Malvagna
Malvagna (Sicilian: Marvagna) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Messina in the Italian region Sicily, located about 150 kilometres (93 mi) east of Palermo and about 50 kilometres (31 mi) southwest of Messina.

Malvagna borders the following municipalities: Castiglione di Sicilia, Francavilla di Sicilia, Mojo Alcantara, Montalbano Elicona, Roccella Valdemone. It is in the Alcantara river valley, between the Mount Etna and Monte Mojo.

Alcantara (river)
The Alcantara (Italian: [alˈkantara]; Sicilian: Arcàntara or Càntara) is a river in Sicily, Southern Italy. It rises on the south side of Monti Nebrodi and empties into the Ionian Sea at Capo Schiso in Giardini-Naxos. The river is 52 kilometres (32 mi) long.

The name Alcantara is of Arabic origin (القنطرة, al-Qanṭarah, 'the Arch') and refers to a bridge from Roman times found by the Arabs. Thucydides called it Acesines (Ancient Greek: Ἀκεσίνης, romanized: Akesínēs) while its Latin names were Assinus, Assinos, Asines, Asinius, Onobala, Onobalas, and Acesines. Cantera was another hydronym for it, adopted by Normans. The river is mentioned by Thucydides on occasion of the attack made on Naxos by the Messenians in 425 BCE.
Dale Warrander
Dale Warrander (born 8 September 1973), sometimes incorrectly spelled Warrender, is a New Zealand long distance runner. His personal best in the marathon is 2:12.58, set in Fukuoka, 2004.

He competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, in the men's marathon. He has enjoyed victory in many of New Zealand's premier road running events including multiple Auckland Marathon titles. His most recent Auckland Marathon victory was at the 2006 event with a winning time of 2:17.43 in testing conditions, over 15 minutes ahead of second placed Mark Williams. In 2007, he switched to the half marathon event, winning with a time of 1:06:52.

Auckland Marathon
The Barfoot & Thompson Auckland Marathon and Half Marathon is an annual running event held in Auckland, New Zealand.  The event is held in October or early November of each year, which is during the spring in New Zealand. The main feature of the event is the crossing of the Auckland Harbour Bridge, which involves a climb of 33 metres to the highest point.
Lum Harris
Chalmer Luman Harris (January 17, 1915 – November 11, 1996) was an American right-handed pitcher, coach, manager, and scout in Major League Baseball.

Born in New Castle, Alabama, Harris attended Mortimer Jordan High School and began his playing career with the Atlanta Crackers of the Southern Association in 1937. His catcher that season was Paul Richards, who in 1938 became Atlanta's player-manager. Richards and Harris would form a decades-long association in baseball at the minor and Major League levels.

New Castle, Alabama
New Castle is an unincorporated community in Jefferson County, Alabama, United States. New Castle is 9 miles (14 km) north of downtown Birmingham. New Castle has a post office with ZIP code 35119. New Castle was formerly home to coal mines operated by John T. Milner.
CyraCom Language Solutions
CyraCom International, Inc. is an American language services company that provides over-the-phone and video interpretation and language assessment services. It is the largest provider of telephone interpretation services in the United States.

The company is headquartered in Tucson, Arizona.

Language assessment
Language assessment or language testing is a field of study under the umbrella of applied linguistics.  Its main focus is the assessment of first, second or other language in the school, college, or university context; assessment of language use in the workplace; and assessment of language in the immigration, citizenship, and asylum contexts. The assessment may include listening, speaking, reading, writing, an integration of two or more of these skills, or other constructs of language ability. Equal weight may be placed on knowledge (understanding how the language works theoretically) and proficiency (ability to use the language practically), or greater weight may be given to one aspect or the other.
Alan Stacey
Alan Stacey (29 August 1933 – 19 June 1960) was a British racing driver. He began his association with Lotus when he built one of the MkVI kits then being offered by the company. Having raced this car he went on to build an Eleven, eventually campaigning it at Le Mans under the Team Lotus umbrella. During the following years he spent much time developing the Lotus Grand Prix cars, most notably the front-engined 16 and then the 18. He participated in seven Formula One World Championship Grands Prix, debuting on 19 July 1958. He scored no championship points. He also participated in several non-championship Formula One races.

Stacey was an amputee, racing with an artificial lower right leg due to a motorcycle accident when he was 17.

Lotus Mark VI
The Lotus Mark VI is the first production car by Lotus Cars. It was introduced by Colin Chapman in 1952 after previously building multiple trials and road racing cars. The heart of the Mark VI is a semi-space frame chassis. Rather than a complete car, it was available to the general public as kit, wherein the customer could install any preferred engine and gearbox, making it eligible for a wider number of formulae.
Hance
Hance is an English and French surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Benjamin Hance (born 2000), Australian Paralympic swimmer

Blake Hance (born 1996), American football player

Guy Hance (1933–2008), Belgian politician

Henry Fletcher Hance (1827–1886), British diplomat and botanist whose standard author abbreviation is Hance

Kent Hance (born 1942), American academic administrator

Rei Hance (born 1974 as Heather Donahue), American actress and writer

William Henry Hance (1951–1994), American soldier and serial killer

Heather Donahue
Rei Hance (born Heather Donahue; December 22, 1974) is an American businesswoman and retired actress. She is known for her starring roles in the found footage horror film The Blair Witch Project (1999) and the science fiction miniseries Taken (2002). She retired from acting in 2008 and became a medical marijuana grower. She legally changed her name to Rei Hance in 2020.
Jodi Byrd
Jodi Ann Byrd is an American Indigenous academic. They are an associate professor of Literatures in English at Cornell University, where they also hold an affiliation with the American Studies Program. Their research applies critical theory to Indigenous studies and governance, science and technology studies, game studies, indigenous feminism and indigenous sexualities. They also possess research interests in American Indian Studies, Post-Colonial Studies, Digital Media, Theory & Criticism.

Science and technology studies
Science and technology studies (STS) or science, technology, and society is an interdisciplinary field that examines the creation, development, and consequences of science and technology in their historical, cultural, and social contexts.
St Andrew's Church, Frenze
St Andrew's Church is a redundant Anglican church in the civil parish of Scole, Norfolk, England. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade I listed building, and is under the care of the Churches Conservation Trust.  The church stands in an isolated position adjacent to Frenze Hall, near to the long-distance footpath, Boudica's Way (Boudicca Way), 1 mile (1.6 km) northeast of Diss.

Churches Conservation Trust
The Churches Conservation Trust is a registered charity whose purpose is to protect historic churches at risk in England. The charity cares for over 350 churches of architectural, cultural and historic significance, which have been transferred into its care by the Church of England.

The Trust works to prevent any deterioration in the condition of the buildings in its care, and to ensure they are in use as community assets. Local communities are encouraged to use them for activities and events, and the buildings provide an educational resource, allowing children and young people to study history, architecture and other subjects.

Most of the churches saved from closure are Grade I or Grade II* listed. Many are open to visitors as heritage sites, and nearly 2 million people visit the Trust's churches each year. The majority of the churches remain consecrated, though they are not used for regular worship.
Richmond Paper Company Mill Complex
The Richmond Paper Company Mill Complex is an historic American paper mill at 310 Bourne Avenue in East Providence, Rhode Island.  It comprises a group of mainly brick buildings on 13 acres (5.3 ha) of land, bounded on the north by Bourne Avenue, the east by railroad tracks, the west by the Seekonk River, and on the south by land formerly owned by the Washburn Wire Company.  The first seven of the surviving buildings were built between 1883 and 1887 by the Richmond Paper Company.  The property was acquired at auction in 1894 by Eugene Phillips, who operated the American Electrical Works on the premises, adding more buildings between 1900 and 1930 and demolishing several buildings specific to paper processing.  The modern property has a variety of light industrial uses.  The Richmond Paper Company was the place where Arthur Dehon Little began his career.

The complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006, and is part of the Phillipsdale Historic District.

Seekonk River
The Seekonk River is a tidal extension of the Providence River in the U.S. state of Rhode Island. It flows approximately 5 km (3 mi). The name may be derived from an Algonquian word for skunk or for black goose. The river is home to the Brown University men's rowing team, India Point Park, Blackstone Park Conservation District, Crook Point Bascule Bridge, Narragansett Boat Club (the oldest rowing club in the country), Swan Point Cemetery, and the Bucklin Point waste-water treatment facility. The River is listed by the Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management as an impaired waterway.
Roger Lafreniere
Roger Joseph Lafrenière (July 24, 1942 — June 22, 2009) was a Canadian ice hockey defenceman who played 13 games in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the Detroit Red Wings and St. Louis Blues between 1963 and 1972. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1962 to 1976, was mainly spent in the minor leagues. He won the CAHA's Memorial Cup in 1962 with the Hamilton Red Wings of the OHA and the WHL's Lester Patrick Cup in 1972 with the Denver Spurs.

Lafrenière was the father of NHL player Jason Lafreniere.

Lester Patrick Cup
The Lester Patrick Cup was the championship trophy of the Pacific Coast Hockey League and the Western Hockey League (WHL) from 1949 to 1974.  Originally known as the Phil Henderson Cup and then in 1952 it was renamed to the President's Cup. The trophy was again renamed in 1960 to honour Pacific coast hockey pioneer Lester Patrick following his death on June 1 of that year.

The Lester Patrick Cup was retired following the demise of the WHL, and is on display at the Hockey Hall of Fame in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Karsibór, Wałcz County
Karsibór [karˈɕibur] (German: Keßburg) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wałcz, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 11 km (7 mi) north of Wałcz and 122 km (76 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin.

The village has a population of 930.

Wałcz County
Wałcz County (Polish: powiat wałecki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in West Pomeranian Voivodeship, north-western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Wałcz, which lies 127 kilometres (79 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin. The county contains three other towns: Mirosławiec, 27 km (17 mi) west of Wałcz, Człopa, 31 km (19 mi) south-west of Wałcz, and Tuczno, 25 km (16 mi) south-west of Wałcz.

The county covers an area of 1,414.79 square kilometres (546.3 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 54,639, out of which the population of Wałcz is 26,140, that of Mirosławiec is 2,633, that of Człopa is 2,390, that of Tuczno is 1,965, and the rural population is 21,511.
Carriker's mountain tanager
Carriker's mountain-tanager (Dubusia carrikeri) is a species of Neotropical bird in the tanager family Thraupidae. Carriker's mountain-tanager is found only in montane forest in Santa Marta, Colombia. The Carriker's mountain-tanager is sometimes regarded as a subspecies of the buff-breasted mountain tanager but has been distinguished otherwise in 2016 by the IUCN Red List. As of today, its population is in decline due to habitat damage by recreation, pollution, and climate change.

Tanager
The tanagers (singular /ˈtænədʒər/) comprise the bird family Thraupidae, in the order Passeriformes. The family has a Neotropical distribution and is the second-largest family of birds. It represents about 4% of all avian species and 12% of the Neotropical birds.

Traditionally, the family contained around 240 species of mostly brightly colored fruit-eating birds. As more of these birds were studied using modern molecular techniques, it became apparent that the traditional families were not monophyletic. Euphonia and Chlorophonia, which were once considered part of the tanager family, are now treated as members of the Fringillidae, in their own subfamily (Euphoniinae). Likewise, the genera Piranga (which includes the scarlet tanager, summer tanager, and western tanager), Chlorothraupis, and Habia appear to be members of the family Cardinalidae, and have been reassigned to that family by the American Ornithological Society.
Hack!
Hack!  is a 2007 American horror film directed and written by Matt Flynn. The film centres on a group of students who, while on a field trip, become victims in a snuff film, and stars Danica McKellar, Jay Kenneth Johnson, William Forsythe, Sean Kanan, Juliet Landau, Justin Chon, Travis Schuldt, Adrienne Frantz and Gabrielle Richens. The film was released in the UK on July 20, 2007, before receiving a US release on December 11, 2007.

Gabrielle Richens
Gabrielle Richens (born 14 September 1974) is a British model and television presenter. She was born in Kent of British, Indian and Chinese descent, although her parents are from South Africa. Richens has worked as a model since she was fifteen when she was discovered while shopping on King's Road. Thereafter, she signed with the Elite modeling agency. She was nicknamed "The Pleasure Machine" after an airline commercial she appeared in. She has risen to fame in particular in Australia.
Eric Campbell (baseball)
Eric Singleton Campbell (born April 9, 1987), nicknamed "Soup", is an American professional baseball utility player. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the New York Mets and Seattle Mariners, and in Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) for the Hanshin Tigers.

Las Vegas Aviators
The  Las Vegas Aviators, formerly known as the Las Vegas 51s and Las Vegas Stars, are a Minor League Baseball team of the Pacific Coast League (PCL) and the Triple-A affiliate of the Athletics. They are located in Summerlin South, Nevada, a community in Las Vegas. The Aviators play their home games at Las Vegas Ballpark, a 10,000-seat facility which opened in 2019. The team previously played at Cashman Field from 1983 to 2018.

The team has been members of the Pacific Coast League since 1983, including the 2021 season when it was known as the Triple-A West. They won the PCL championship as the Stars in 1986 and 1988 and again in 2025 as the Aviators.
Live at River Plate
Live at River Plate is a live concert film documenting AC/DC’s Black Ice World Tour. The DVD includes footage from three concerts performed in December 2009 at the Estadio Antonio Vespucio Liberti in Buenos Aires, Argentina, which is the home stadium of Argentine football club River Plate. It was directed by David Mallet, with Rocky Oldham as producer. The recording of the concerts required the use of 32 HD cameras; a company called Serpent Productions was responsible for filming and then producing the footage of the concerts. It was also the band’s last live album to feature rhythm guitarist Malcolm Young, before his retirement from touring due to dementia five years later and his death in 2017.

High-definition video
High-definition video (HD video) is video of higher resolution and quality than standard-definition. While there is no standardized meaning for high-definition, generally any video image with considerably more than 480 vertical scan lines (North America) or 576 vertical lines (Europe) is considered high-definition. 480 scan lines is generally the minimum even though the majority of systems greatly exceed that. Images of standard resolution captured at high frame rate (60 frames/second North America, 50 FPS Europe), by a high-speed camera may be considered high-definition in some contexts. Some television series shot on high-definition video are made to look as if they have been shot on film, a technique which is often known as filmizing.
Ann Dinham
Ann Dinham (17 March 1827 – 2 May 1882); born Ann Orchard, and later Ann Riddiford and Ann Foster, was keeping an inn in Abergavenny, Monmouthshire in 1851 with her husband, William, when she was convicted of inciting a burglary and sentenced to be transported to Tasmania for ten years.  In Tasmania, she married John Foster, a wealthy businessman, magistrate and member of the Tasmanian Legislative Council.  After his death, she took their five surviving children to be educated in England, and was thus one of the few Australian convicts to return to her native land.

Incitement
In criminal law, incitement is the encouragement of another person to commit a crime. Depending on the jurisdiction, some or all types of incitement may be illegal. Where illegal, it is known as an inchoate offense, where harm is intended but may or may not have actually occurred.
Bisoid languages
The Bisoid (Phunoi) languages belong to the Southern Loloish (Hanoish) branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family. Most Bisoid languages are spoken in Phongsaly Province, northern Laos, with smaller numbers of speakers living in China (Yunnan), Vietnam (Lai Châu Province), Myanmar (Shan State), and northern Thailand.

Loloish languages
The Loloish languages, also known as Yi (like the Yi people) and occasionally Ngwi or Nisoic, are a sub-branch of 50–100 Tibeto-Burman languages spoken primarily in the Yunnan province of Southwestern China. They are most closely related to Burmese and its relatives. Both the Loloish and Burmish branches are well defined, as is their superior node, Lolo-Burmese. However, sub-classification is more contentious.

The 2013 edition of Ethnologue  estimated a total number of 9 million native speakers of Loloish ("Ngwi") languages, the largest group being the speakers of Nuosu (Northern Yi) at 2 million speakers.