hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Powderhall Stadium
Powderhall Stadium, formerly the Powderhall Grounds, was a multi-sports facility overlooking the Water of Leith on Beaverhall Road, in the Powderhall (Broughton) area of northern Edinburgh, Scotland. It opened in January 1870 at the height of professional pedestrianism and was modelled on the stadium at Stamford Bridge in London. It hosted professional sprint races, track and field athletics, including the Scottish Amateur Athletics Championships on a number of occasions, professional football, international rugby, cycling, and dog races as well as boxing, quoits and pigeon shooting. For 100 years it hosted the Powderhall Sprint, the most famous professional sprint handicap in the world. With the decline of pedestrianism as a spectator sport in the 1920s it was converted to a greyhound stadium, hosting the Scottish Grand National for over sixty five years, and it also hosted professional speedway. The stadium finally closed in 1995 and the site is now a housing estate.

Greyhound racing in the United Kingdom
Greyhound racing is a sport in the United Kingdom. The industry uses a totalisator system with on-course and off-course betting available.

Attendances have declined since the mid-20th century.

As of January 2025, there are 18 licensed stadiums in the United Kingdom (excluding Northern Ireland).
Norinco CQ
The Type CQ is an unlicensed Chinese variant of the M16 rifle manufactured by Sichuan Changqing Machine Works, a subsidiary of Norinco. According to the Norinco website, the rifle is officially known as CQ 5.56. CQ stands for ChangQing, the name of its manufacturer.

Norinco
China North Industries Group Corporation Limited, doing business internationally as Norinco Group (an abbreviation of "North Industries Corporation"), and known within China as China Ordnance Industries Group Corporation Limited (Chinese: 中国兵器工业集团有限公司), is a Chinese state-owned defense corporation that manufactures commercial and military products. Norinco Group is one of the world's largest defense contractors.

The company's subsidiary, China North Industries Corporation (Chinese: 中国北方工业有限公司), or simply Norinco, markets Norinco Group's products internationally, and is also involved in domestic civil construction and military defense projects.

Some of Norinco's international customers include Iran, Pakistan, Zimbabwe, Saudi Arabia and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, where it negotiated arms-for-minerals deals, as well as Venezuela.
2002 Tropicana 400
The 2002 Tropicana 400 was the 18th stock car race of the 2002 NASCAR Winston Cup Series and the second iteration of the event. The race was held on Sunday, July 14, 2002, in Joliet, Illinois, at Chicagoland Speedway, a 1.5 miles (2.41 km) tri-oval speedway. The race took the scheduled 267 laps to complete. At race's end, Kevin Harvick, driving for Richard Childress Racing, would stretch out a fuel run and climb through the field to win his third career NASCAR Winston Cup Series win and his first and only win of the season. To fill out the podium, Jeff Gordon of Hendrick Motorsports and Tony Stewart of Joe Gibbs Racing would finish second and third, respectively.

NASCAR Cup Series at Chicagoland Speedway
Stock car races in the NASCAR Cup Series are held at the Chicagoland Speedway in Joliet, Illinois. Previously, the race was held in July from 2001 through 2010, with night races held from 2008 to 2010. From 2011 to 2017, the races were held as the first race of the Cup Series playoffs in the round of 16. In 2018, as part of the schedule realignment, the race was held on the last weekend of June. The race was placed on hiatus from 2019 to 2025 and returned in 2026.

Alex Bowman was the latest winner of the race.
Viltis Elektrėnai
Viltis Elektrenai was an ice hockey team in Elektrenai, Lithuania. They played in the Lithuania Hockey League, the top level of ice hockey in Lithuania, for three seasons.

In the 1996-97 season, they finished in fourth and last place in the regular season and failed to qualify for the playoffs. They won the championship in the 1999-2000 season by finishing first in the regular season with a record of 15 wins and 3 losses. Viltis finished first in the regular season in 2000-01 and qualified for the final against SC Energija, where they were defeated 5–0.

Energija/GV Elektrėnai
Energija/GV Elektrėnai (formerly Energija Elektrėnai) is a professional ice hockey team based in Elektrėnai, Lithuania. The team competes in the Latvian Hockey Higher League, the top tier of ice hockey in Latvia. The team plays its home games at Elektrėnai Ice Palace. Energija is the most successful ice hockey team in Lithuania, having won 26 Lithuanian championships.
An American Rhapsody
An American Rhapsody (Hungarian: Amerikai rapszódia) is a 2001 biographical drama film written and directed by Éva Gárdos. Based on Gárdos' life story, the film tells the story of a 15-year-old girl from a Hungarian-American family. It stars Nastassja Kinski, Scarlett Johansson, Tony Goldwyn, and Mae Whitman.

Hungarian Americans
Hungarian Americans (Hungarian: amerikai magyarok, pronounced [ˈɒmɛrikɒji ˈmɒɟɒrok]) are Americans of Hungarian descent. The U.S. Census Bureau has estimated that there are approximately 1.396 million Americans of Hungarian descent as of 2018. The total number of people with ethnic Hungarian background is estimated to be around 4 million. The largest concentration is in the Greater Cleveland Metropolitan Area in Northeast Ohio. At one time, the presence of Hungarians within Cleveland proper was so great that the city was known as the "American Debrecen," with one of the highest concentrations of Hungarians in the world.
Microgreen
Microgreens are vegetable greens (not to be confused with sprouts or shoots) harvested just after the cotyledon leaves have developed with one set of true leaves. They are used as a visual, flavor and texture enhancement.

Microgreens are used to add sweetness and spiciness to foods. Microgreens are smaller than "baby greens" because they are harvested soon after sprouting, rather than after the plant has matured to produce multiple leaves.

They provide garnishing for salads, soups, sandwiches, and plates. Some recipes use them as a garnish while others use them as a main ingredient.

Edible young greens are produced from various kinds of vegetables, herbs, or other plants. They range in size from 1 to 3 inches (2.5 to 7.6 cm), including the stem and leaves. The stem is cut just above the soil line during harvesting. Microgreens have fully developed cotyledon leaves and usually, one pair of small, partially developed true leaves.

Leaf vegetable
Leaf vegetables, also called leafy greens, vegetable greens, or simply greens, are plant leaves eaten as a vegetable. Those eaten raw in a salad can be called salad greens, whereas leaf vegetables eaten cooked can be called pot herbs.

Nearly 1,000 species of plants with edible leaves are known. Leaf vegetables most often come from short-lived herbaceous plants, such as lettuce and spinach, but also come from some woody plants. The leaves of many fodder crops (e.g. alfalfa, clover, and most grasses) are also edible by humans, but usually only as famine or processed food.

Leaf vegetables contain many typical plant nutrients, but being photosynthetic tissues, their vitamin K levels are particularly notable. Accordingly, users of vitamin K antagonist medications like warfarin must limit their consumption of leaf vegetables.
Williamtown, New South Wales
Williamtown is a rural suburb of the Port Stephens local government area in the Hunter Region of New South Wales, Australia. It is located on the main road between Newcastle and Nelson Bay.

The suburb is home to the RAAF Base Williamtown, which was established on 15 February 1941.

Nelson Bay, New South Wales
Nelson Bay is a significant township of the Port Stephens local government area in the Hunter Region of New South Wales, Australia. It is located on a bay of the same name on the southern shore of Port Stephens about 60 kilometres (37 mi) by road north-east of Newcastle, its nearest rail link. At the 2021 census, Nelson Bay had a population of 6,141.

It is a major tourism centre, particularly for dolphin and whale watching, surfing, diving, fishing and other recreational aquatic activities. The eastern boundaries of Nelson Bay lie within the Tomaree National Park while the southeastern section is almost entirely within the park. Nelson Head Light, an unusual lighthouse built in 1875, is positioned on the northeast corner.
Gerry Barney
Gerald Lawrence Barney (born (1939-09-18)18 September 1939) is a British designer, best known for his 1965 British Rail Double Arrow, which is still in use in the UK.

In 1960, aged 21, Barney started his career at the Design Research Unit (DRU) as a lettering artist, and soon became close to the studio’s co-founder, Milner Gray. At the DRU, Barney designed logos including the British Rail Double Arrow.

He later worked for Wolff Olins, and in 1978, together with his colleagues David Bristow, Kit Cooper and Terence Griffin, set up British design agency Sedley Place.

In 2021, the Rail Delivery Group (RDG) hoped that Barney would endorse a new version of the logo in different shades of green, to highlight the environmental benefits of train travel. However, he said: "I could understand it if they had just swapped red for green. But why on earth have they got that many colours? It's a load of old bollocks. It's just a mess."

Design Research Unit
The Design Research Unit (DRU) was one of the first generation of British design consultancies combining expertise in architecture, graphics and industrial design.

It was established in 1943 by the poet Herbert Read, architect Misha Black and graphic designer Milner Gray. It became well known for its work in relation to the Festival of Britain in 1951 and its influential corporate identity project for British Rail in 1965. In 2004, DRU merged with Scott Brownrigg architects.
Juan Comas
Juan Comas Camps (January 23, 1900 in Alayor, Menorca, Spain – January 18, 1979 in Mexico City, Mexico) was a Spanish-Mexican anthropologist, notable for his critical work on race, and his participation in drafting the UNESCO statement on race. He fled Spain during the regime of Franco, and spent the rest of his life in Mexico. He was a professor of physical anthropology at the National Institute of Anthropology and History in Mexico between 1940 and 1943, and at the National Autonomous University of Mexico from 1955 until his death.

Menorca
Menorca or Minorca (from Latin: Insula Minor, lit. 'smaller island', later Minorica) is one of the Balearic Islands located in the Mediterranean Sea belonging to Spain. Its name derives from its size, contrasting it with nearby Mallorca (Majorca). Its capital is Maó, situated on the island's eastern end, although Menorca is not a province and forms a political union with the other islands in the archipelago. Ciutadella de Menorca and Maó are the main ports and largest towns.

Per the Census of 1 January 2025, Menorca had a population of 102,477. Its highest point, a hill in the middle of the island named El Toro (from Catalan "turó" meaning hill), is 358 metres (1,175 feet) above sea level.
Empire Airlines
Empire Airlines is a cargo and former passenger airline based in Hayden, Idaho, near Coeur d'Alene. It operates over 120 scheduled cargo flights a day in 18 US states and Canada. Empire also operated passenger service within Hawaii, under the name "Ohana by Hawaiian", between 2014 and 2021 in partnership with Hawaiian Airlines. Its main base is Coeur d'Alene Airport with a hub at Spokane International Airport.  The company slogan is We Can Do That.

De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter
The de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter is a Canadian STOL (short takeoff and landing) utility aircraft developed by de Havilland Canada in the mid-1960s and still in production. It was built by De Havilland Canada from 1965 to 1988. In 2022, Viking Air purchased the type certificate and restarted production in 2008, before re-adopting the name De Havilland Canada. In 2023, DHC started production of the 300-G, an upgraded version of the Series 400 with Garmin avionics.

The aircraft's fixed tricycle undercarriage, STOL capabilities, twin turboprop engines and high rate of climb have made it a successful commuter airliner, typically seating 18–20 passengers, as well as a cargo and medical evacuation aircraft. The Twin Otter has also been popular with commercial skydiving operations and is used by the United States Army Parachute Team and the 98th Flying Training Squadron of the United States Air Force.
Clinic escort
An abortion clinic escort is an individual who volunteers at an abortion clinic or family planning clinic. Their role is to assist patients and staff to enter and exit these facilities safely, and to prevent any potential harassment or danger to individuals. A clinic escort's role at a family planning clinic encompasses myriad different tasks, which can also vary between clinics.

Instances of anti-abortion protesting and violence have occurred throughout history, where groups or individuals have protested outside of family planning clinics, and in other instances, used violence against clinic escorts, doctors, and patients.

Abortion laws also vary across different countries and jurisdictions, with some enacting laws to protect clinic escorts, other clinic staff, and patients in family planning clinics.

Abortion-rights movement
Abortion-rights movements, also self-styled as pro-choice movements, are movements that advocate for legal access to induced abortion services, including elective abortion. They seek to represent and support women who wish to terminate their pregnancy without fear of legal or social backlash.  These movements are in direct opposition to anti-abortion movements.

The issue of induced abortion remains divisive in public life, with recurring arguments to liberalize or restrict access to legal abortion services. Some abortion-rights supporters are divided as to the types of abortion services that should be available under different circumstances, including periods in the pregnancy such as late term abortions, in which access may or may not be restricted.
German submarine U-293
German submarine U-293 was a Type VIIC/41 U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. She was laid down on 17 November 1942 by the Bremer Vulkan Werft (yard) at Bremen-Vegesack as yard number 58, launched on 30 July 1943, and commissioned on 8 September with Kapitänleutnant Leonhard Klingspor in command. In six patrols, she damaged one warship. She surrendered at Loch Eriboll in Scotland on 11 May 1945 and was sunk as part of Operation Deadlight on 13 December 1945.

Operation Deadlight
Operation Deadlight was the code name for the Royal Navy operation of November 1945 – February 1946 to scuttle German U-boats surrendered to the Allies after the defeat of Germany near the end of World War II. After the surrender, political discussions continued between the Allies concerning the final disposal of the surviving German naval vessels, the result of which was an agreement to retain 30 U-boats in total, to be divided equally between the United Kingdom, the United States and the Soviet Union. The remainder would be scuttled.
Crime in El Salvador
Crime in El Salvador was historically high due to the presence of various gangs. In 2011, there were an estimated 25,000 gang members at large in El Salvador; with another 43,500 in prison. The best-known gangs, called maras in colloquial Salvadoran Spanish, are Mara Salvatrucha (MS-13) and their rivals 18th Street; maras are hunted by death squads, including Sombra Negra. Newer rivals include the rising mara, The Rebels 13.

The homicide rate in El Salvador has plummeted drastically since 2015. The Salvadoran gang crackdown, beginning in March 2022, has resulted in a sharp drop in crime and made El Salvador the safest country in Central America. The crackdown has also resulted in El Salvador having the highest incarceration rate in the world, at 1,086 people per 100,000 in 2023. In 2023, an estimated 1.6% of El Salvador's population was incarcerated.

Death squads in El Salvador
Death squads in El Salvador (Spanish: escuadrones de la muerte) were far-right paramilitary groups acting in opposition to Marxist–Leninist guerrilla forces, most notably of the Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN), and their allies among the civilian population before, during, and after the Salvadoran Civil War. The death squads committed the vast majority of the murders and massacres during the civil war from 1979 to 1992 and were heavily aligned with the United States-backed government.

According to the Attorney for the Defense of Human Rights (PDDH), death squads remain active in El Salvador. The PDDH registered 25 extrajudicial executions of gang members between May 2022 and May 2023 which it attributed to death squad activity during the country's gang crackdown.
Point estimation
In statistics, point estimation involves the use of sample data to calculate a single value (known as a point estimate since it identifies a point in some parameter space) which is to serve as a "best guess" or "best estimate" of an unknown population parameter (for example, the population mean). More formally, it is the application of a point estimator to the data to obtain a point estimate.

Point estimation can be contrasted with interval estimation: such interval estimates are typically either confidence intervals, in the case of frequentist inference, or credible intervals, in the case of Bayesian inference. More generally, a point estimator can be contrasted with a set estimator. Examples are given by confidence sets or credible sets. A point estimator can also be contrasted with a distribution estimator. Examples are given by confidence distributions, randomized estimators, and Bayesian posteriors.

Confidence region
In statistics, a confidence region is a multi-dimensional generalization of a confidence interval. For a bivariate normal distribution, it is an ellipse, also known as the error ellipse. More generally, it is a set of points in an n-dimensional space, often represented as a hyperellipsoid around a point which is an estimated solution to a problem, although other shapes can occur.
Lina Hurtig
Lina Mona Andréa Hurtig (Swedish: [ˈlîːna ˈmôːna anˈdrêːa ˈhɵ̌ʈːɪɡ]; born 5 September 1995) is a Swedish professional footballer who plays as a forward for Italian Serie A club Fiorentina and the Sweden national team.

Swedish Football Association
The Swedish Football Association (Swedish: Svenska Fotbollförbundet, SvFF) is the governing and body of football in Sweden. It organises the football leagues – Allsvenskan for men and Damallsvenskan for women – and the men's and women's national teams. It is based in Solna and is a founding member of both FIFA and UEFA. SvFF is supported by 24 district organisations.
Campsiandra
Campsiandra is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It includes 22 species native to northern South America. The genus belongs to the subfamily Caesalpinioideae.

Campsiandra angustifolia Spruce ex Benth.

Campsiandra aymardii Stergios

Campsiandra casiquiarensis Stergios

Campsiandra chigo-montero Stergios

Campsiandra comosa Benth.

Campsiandra cowaniana Stergios

Campsiandra curaara Stergios

Campsiandra emonensis Stergios

Campsiandra felipeana Stergios

Campsiandra ferruginea Stergios

Campsiandra gomez-alvareziana Stergios

Campsiandra guayanensis Stergios

Campsiandra implexicaulis Stergios

Campsiandra laurifolia Benth.

Campsiandra macrocarpa R.S.Cowan

Campsiandra nutans Stergios

Campsiandra pasibensis Stergios

Campsiandra robclarkiana Stergios

Campsiandra steyermarkiana Stergios

Campsiandra taphornii Stergios

Campsiandra velutina Stergios

Campsiandra wurdackiana Stergios

Caesalpinioideae
Caesalpinioideae is a botanical name at the rank of subfamily, placed in the large family Fabaceae or Leguminosae. Its name is formed from the generic name Caesalpinia. It is known also as the peacock flower subfamily. The Caesalpinioideae are mainly trees distributed in the moist tropics, but include such temperate species as the honeylocust (Gleditsia triacanthos) and Kentucky coffeetree (Gymnocladus dioicus). It has the following clade-based definition:

The most inclusive crown clade containing Arcoa gonavensis Urb. and Mimosa pudica L., but not Bobgunnia fistuloides (Harms) J. H. Kirkbr. & Wiersema, Duparquetia orchidacea Baill., or Poeppigia procera C.Presl

In some classifications, for example the Cronquist system, the group is recognized at the rank of family, Caesalpiniaceae.
Armando Acosta Cordero
Armando Acosta Cordero, (15 November 1920, in Taguasco – 5 October 2009, in Havana), known as Captain Erasmo Rodríguez, was a commander of the Cuban Rebel Army. From a very young age he participated in the struggle, with the Popular Socialist Party. Cordero joined the Rebel Army in the Sierra Maestra and later joined Column 8 Ciro Redondo with which he contributed to liberate, different towns as well as his hometown.

Villa Clara Province
Villa Clara is one of the provinces of Cuba.  It is located in the central region of the island bordering on the Atlantic Ocean to the north, Matanzas Province to the west, Sancti Spiritus Province to the east, and Cienfuegos Province to the South. Villa Clara shares with Cienfuegos and Sancti Spiritus on the south the Escambray Mountain Range. Its main cities are Santa Clara (the capital), Remedios, Sagua La Grande, Camajuani, Caibarién, Ranchuelo, Placetas, and Manicaragua.
May 1868 Stamford by-election
The May 1868 Stamford by-election was held on 4 May 1868, when the incumbent Conservative MP Robert Gasgoyne-Cecil, Viscount Cranbourne became ineligible, having acceded to the Marquess of Salisbury, upon the death of his father. The by-election was won by the Conservative Party candidate Charles Chetwynd-Talbot, Viscount Ingestre, who stood unopposed.

Stamford (UK Parliament constituency)
Stamford was a constituency in the county of Lincolnshire of the House of Commons for the Parliament of England to 1706 then of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800 and of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1918. It was represented by two Members of Parliament until 1868 when this was reduced to one.
Phoenician Harpocrates statues
The Phoenician Harpocrates statues are two copper alloy statues of the Greco-Egyptian god Harpocrates, with Phoenician inscriptions on their bases. The first statue was found in Madrid in the 18th century and is today in the National Archaeological Museum (Madrid) and the second was acquired by the British Museum in 1960 (BM 132908).

The inscriptions are known as KAI 52, and feature in Gibson's Textbook of Syrian Semitic Inscriptions as III 37 and 38.

National Archaeological Museum (Madrid)
The National Archaeological Museum (Spanish: Museo Arqueológico Nacional; MAN) is a archaeology  museum in Madrid, Spain. It is located on Calle de Serrano beside the Plaza de Colón, sharing its building with the National Library of Spain. It is one of the National Museums of Spain and it is attached to the Ministry of Culture.
Boston Camera Club
The Boston Camera Club is an amateur photographic organization in Boston, Massachusetts. Founded in 1881, it offers activities of interest to amateur photographers, in both digital and film photography. Supported by member dues, its programs are open free to the public.

Doc Edgerton
Harold Eugene "Doc" Edgerton (April 6, 1903 – January 4, 1990), also known as Papa Flash, was an American scientist and researcher, a professor of electrical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He is largely credited with transforming the stroboscope from an obscure laboratory instrument into a common device.  He also was deeply involved with the development of sonar and deep-sea photography, and his equipment was used in collaboration with Jacques Cousteau in searches for shipwrecks and even the Loch Ness Monster.