hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Specific output
Specific output is a measure of internal combustion engine performance. It describes the efficiency of an engine in terms of the brake horsepower it outputs relative to its displacement. The measure enables the comparison of differently sized engines, and is usually expressed as kilowatts or horsepower per litre or per cubic inch. On average, forced induction engines out-perform naturally aspirated engines by this measure, primarily due to their increased volumetric efficiency.

Reciprocating engine
C. Crankshaft

E. Exhaust camshaft

I. Intake camshaft

P. Piston

R. Connecting rod

S. Spark plug

W. Water jacket for coolant flow

V. Valves

A reciprocating engine, more often known as a piston engine, is a heat engine that uses one or more reciprocating pistons to convert high temperature and high pressure into a rotating motion. This article describes the common features of all types. The main types are: the internal combustion engine, used extensively in motor vehicles; the steam engine, the mainstay of the Industrial Revolution; and the Stirling engine for niche applications. Internal combustion engines are further classified in two ways: either a spark-ignition (SI) engine, where the spark plug initiates the combustion; or a compression-ignition (CI) engine, where the air within the cylinder is compressed, thus heating it, so that the heated air ignites fuel that is injected then, in a diesel engine, or earlier, in a hot bulb engine.
Padiham
Padiham (/ˈpædiəm/ PAD-i-əm) is a market town and civil parish on the River Calder, in the Borough of Burnley in Lancashire, England. It is located north west of Burnley, and north east of the towns of Clayton le Moors and Great Harwood. It is edged by the foothills of Pendle Hill to the north-west and north-east. The United Kingdom Census 2011 gave a parish population of 10,098, estimated in 2019 at 10,138.

Clayton-le-Moors
Clayton-le-Moors is an industrial town in the Borough of Hyndburn in the county of Lancashire, England. located two miles north of Accrington. The town has a population of 8,522 according to the 2011 census.

To the west lies Rishton, to the north Great Harwood, and two miles to the south, Accrington. Clayton-le-Moors is situated on the A680 road alongside the M65 motorway.
Scilla nana
Scilla nana, known as dwarf glory-of-the-snow, is a bulbous perennial flowering plant endemic to Crete. It flowers in early spring with flowers in shades of lilac blue. After flowering, it goes into dormancy until the next spring. It belongs to a group of Scilla species that were formerly put in a separate genus, Chionodoxa, and may now be treated as Scilla sect. Chionodoxa. It has not always been recognized as distinct from Scilla cretica.

Ephemeral plant
An ephemeral plant is a plant with a very short life cycle or very short period of active growth, often one that grows only during brief periods when conditions are favorable. Several types of ephemeral plants exist. The first, spring ephemeral, refers to plants that emerge quickly in the spring and die back to their underground parts after a short growth and reproduction phase. Desert ephemerals are plants which are adapted to take advantage of the short wet periods in arid climates. Mud-flat ephemerals take advantage of short periods of low water. In areas subjected to recurring human disturbance, such as plowing, weedy ephemerals are very short-lived plants whose entire life cycle takes less than a growing season. In each case, the species has a life cycle timed to exploit a short period when resources are freely available. An evergreen plant could be considered the opposite of an ephemeral plant.
Yagnier Hernández
Yagnier Hernández (born May 14, 1983 in Camagüey) is an amateur Cuban Greco-Roman wrestler, who played for the men's featherweight category. He won a gold medal for his division at the 2007 Pan American Games in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, defeating Venezuela's Jorge Cardozo.

Hernandez represented Cuba at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, where he competed for the men's 55 kg class. He first defeated North Korea's Cha Kwang-Su in the preliminary round of sixteen, before losing out the quarterfinal match to Azerbaijan's Rovshan Bayramov, with a three-set technical score (0–5, 2–1, 0–4), and a classification point score of 1–3. Because his opponent advanced further into the final match, Hernandez offered another shot for the bronze medal by defeating Egypt's Mostafa Mohamed in the repechage rounds. He progressed to the bronze medal match, but narrowly lost the medal to Armenia's Roman Amoyan, with a technical score of 0–8.

Roman Amoyan
Roman Amoyan (Armenian: Ռոման Ամոյան; born 3 September 1983) is an Armenian-Yazidi retired Greco-Roman wrestler. He is an Olympic bronze medalist, three-time World Championships medalist, and two-time European Champion. Amoyan received the Honored Master of Sports of Armenia title in 2009.
Lake Charles State Park
Lake Charles State Park is a 140-acre (57 ha) Arkansas state park in Lawrence County, Arkansas in the United States. Situated in The Ozarks along the Black River, the park features the 645-acre (261 ha) artificial Lake Charles. The lake is a result of a partnership of four agencies to construct a multipurpose lake just north of Shirey Bay Rainey Brake Wildlife Management Area in an effort to control flooding and preserve the watershed. Construction on the lake began in 1964, and the park was dedicated in 1967.

Black River (Arkansas–Missouri)
The Black River is a tributary of the White River, about 300 miles (480 km) long, in southeastern Missouri and northeastern Arkansas in the United States.  Via the White River, it is part of the Mississippi River watershed.  Black River Technical College is named for the river.

The river was so named on account of the black tint of its water.
Rma script
The Rma script (Northern Qiang: Rrmea bapa) is an alphabet with some abugida-like features devised for the Qiang language, spoken in Sichuan Province in the southwest of China. It was finalized in 2017 by scholar Wei Jiuqiao.

The script fits the phonology of the standardized language of the Northern Qiang variety of Qugu, officially written with the Roman script using the Qiang Phonetic Alphabet Scheme. Whereas Northern Qiang varieties have length contrasts, Southern Qiang varieties have phonemic tone contrasts; thus a version with tonal diacritics has also been produced, and has been used for the Southern Qiang variety of Luobuzhai (Chinese: 萝卜寨; pinyin: Luóbozhài) in Wenchuan County. It has gained substantial recognition among the Qiang people, and various books have been published in it.

In 2022, a preliminary proposal was made to encode this system in the Universal Character Set of Unicode.

Southern Qiang language
Southern Qiang is a Sino-Tibetan language of the Qiangic branch spoken by approximately 81,300 people along the Minjiang (Chinese: 岷江) river in Sichuan Province, China.

Southern Qiang dialects preserve archaic pronoun flexions, while they have disappeared in Northern Qiang. Unlike its close relative Northern Qiang, Southern Qiang is a tonal language.
Florence, Kentucky
Florence is a city in Boone County, Kentucky, United States, part of the Cincinnati metropolitan area. The population was 31,946 at the 2020 census, making it the second-most populous city in Northern Kentucky, the eighth-most populous city in Kentucky and the state's most populous that is not a county seat. Like all but the state's two most populous cities, Florence is a home rule-class city under Kentucky state law.

Interstate 71
Interstate 71 (I-71) is a north–south Interstate Highway in the midwestern and southeastern regions of the United States. Its southern terminus is at an interchange with I-64 and I-65 (the Kennedy Interchange) in Louisville, Kentucky, and its northern terminus at an interchange with I-90 in Cleveland, Ohio. I-71 runs concurrently with I-75 from a point about 20 miles (32 km) south of Cincinnati, Ohio, into Downtown Cincinnati. While most odd numbered Interstates run north–south, I-71 takes more of a northeast–southwest course, with some east–west sections, and is mainly a regional route serving Kentucky and Ohio. It links I-80 and I-90 to I-70. Major metropolitan areas served by I-71 include Louisville, Cincinnati, Columbus, and Cleveland.

Approximately three-quarters of the route lies east of I-75, leaving I-71 out of place in the Interstate grid.
Uglich Hydroelectric Station
57°31′39″N 38°17′52″E﻿ / ﻿57.5275°N 38.297778°E﻿ / 57.5275; 38.297778

The Uglich Hydroelectric Station or Uglich GES (Russian: Угличская ГЭС) is a hydroelectric station on the Volga River in Uglich in Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia, and is the first of the Volga-Kama cascade of dams. It began operating on December 8, 1940, making it one of the oldest hydroelectric plants in Russia. The 120-MW plant is operated by RusHydro. There is also a Russian hydropower museum located at the hydroelectric plant dedicated to the development of hydropower.

RusHydro
RusHydro (previous name: Hydro-OGK, Russian: РусГидро) is a Russian hydroelectricity company. As of early 2012, it had a capacity of 34.9 gigawatts. In late 2009, it was the world's second-largest hydroelectric power producer and is the country's largest power-generating company and the largest successor to RAO UES. The partly government-owned conglomerate underwent a major consolidation beginning in July 2007. As of 2011, the head of the company was Evgeny Dod. Its head office is in Obruchevsky District, South-Western Administrative Okrug, Moscow. In 2021, the company's revenue amounted to 190 billion rubles.
Political party strength in Ohio
The following table indicates the party of elected officials in the U.S. state of Ohio:

Governor

Lieutenant Governor

Attorney General

Secretary of State

State Treasurer

State Auditor

The table also indicates the historical party composition in the:

State Senate

State House of Representatives

State Supreme Court

State delegation to the U.S. Senate

State delegation to the U.S. House of Representatives

For years in which a presidential election was held, the table indicates which party's nominees received the state's electoral votes. Also indicated is the party that controlled the Ohio Apportionment Board, which draws legislative districts for the Ohio General Assembly in the years following the United States Census.

Ohio General Assembly
The Ohio General Assembly is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Ohio. It consists of the 99-member Ohio House of Representatives and the 33-member Ohio Senate. Both houses of the General Assembly meet at the Ohio Statehouse in Columbus.
Laufenburg (Baden) Ost station
Laufenburg (Baden) Ost station (German: Bahnhof Laufenburg (Baden) Ost) is a railway station in the town of Laufenburg (Baden), Baden-Württemberg, Germany. The station lies on the High Rhine Railway. The train services are operated by Deutsche Bahn.

High Rhine Railway
The High Rhine Railway (German: Hochrheinbahn) is a Deutsche Bahn railway line from Basel Badischer Bahnhof in the city of Basel to Konstanz on Lake Constance. It was built by the Grand Duchy of Baden State Railways as part of the Baden Mainline, which follows the Rhine upstream from Mannheim Hauptbahnhof to Konstanz. The line derives its name from the High Rhine (Hochrhein), which it follows between Basel and Waldshut and on a short section in Schaffhausen.

The line crosses the Germany–Switzerland border three times and passes through Swiss territory two times within the canton of Basel-Stadt and whilst crossing the main part of the canton of Schaffhausen. The other sections of the line run through the German state of Baden-Württemberg. Schaffhausen station is congruemtly owned by Deutsche Bahn (DB) and SBB Infrastructure, while the line is operated throughout by DB, and parts by SBB GmbH and Thurbo.
2019 Biñan local elections
Local elections were held in Biñan on May 13, 2019, during the Philippine general election. The voters elected for the elective local posts in the city: the representative, mayor, vice mayor, the two provincial board members for Laguna, and twelve councilors.

Biñan
Biñan (Tagalog pronunciation: [biˈɲan] or traditionally [biˈɲaŋ]), officially the City of Biñan (Filipino: Lungsod ng Biñan), is a  component city in the province of Laguna, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 584,479 people, making it the most populous city in the province of Laguna.

Biñan has become both a suburban residential community of Metro Manila and a location for some of the Philippines' largest industrial estates and export processing zones. Prior to its cityhood in 2010, Biñan was the richest municipality in the Philippines with an annual gross income of ₱677 million (US$14.383 million) and net income of ₱250 million (US$5.308 million), as of 2007 by the Commission on Audit.
2018–present Argentine monetary crisis
The 2018–present Argentine monetary crisis is an ongoing severe devaluation of the Argentine peso, caused by high inflation and steep fall in the perceived value of the currency at the local level as it continually lost purchasing power, along with other domestic and international factors. As a result, the presidency of Mauricio Macri requested a loan from the International Monetary Fund.

Central Bank of Argentina
The Central Bank of the Argentine Republic (Spanish: Banco Central de la República Argentina, BCRA) is the central bank of Argentina, being an autarchic entity.

Article 3 of the Organic Charter lists the objectives of this Institution: “The bank aims to promote, to the extent of its powers and within the framework of the policies established by the national government, monetary stability, financial stability, employment, and economic development with social equity."
Rahgan
Rahgan (Persian: راهگان, also Romanized as Rāhgān; also known as Rāhakān and Rāhkān) is a village in Rahgan Rural District, Rahgan District, Khafr County, Fars province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 298, in 57 families.

Rahgan District
Rahgan District (Persian: بخش راهگان) is in Khafr County, Fars province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Khavaran, whose population at the time of the 2016 National Census was 4,332 people in 1,533 households.
Alpha 21164
The Alpha 21164, also known by its code name, EV5, is a microprocessor developed and fabricated by Digital Equipment Corporation that implemented the Alpha instruction set architecture (ISA). It was introduced in January 1995, succeeding the Alpha 21064A as Digital's flagship microprocessor. It was succeeded by the Alpha 21264 in 1998.

AlphaStation
AlphaStation is the name given to a series of computer workstations, produced from 1994 onwards by Digital Equipment Corporation, and later by Compaq and HP. As the name suggests, the AlphaStations were based on the DEC Alpha 64-bit microprocessor. Supported operating systems for AlphaStations comprise Tru64 UNIX (formerly Digital UNIX), OpenVMS and Windows NT (with AlphaBIOS ARC firmware). Most of these workstations can also run various versions of Linux and BSD operating systems.

Other Alpha workstations produced by DEC include the DEC 2000 AXP (DECpc AXP 150), the DEC 3000 AXP, the Digital Personal Workstation a-series and au-series (codename Miata), the Multia VX40/41/42 and the Alpha XL/Alpha XLT line (a member of the Alcor family, which had swappable daughterboard with Pentium processor, to transform to a DEC Celebris XL line).
Songs People Actually Liked – Volume 2 – The Next 6 Years (2004–2009)
Songs People Actually Liked – Volume 2 – The Next 6 Years (2004–2009) is a compilation album by American pop-punk band Bowling for Soup, released on August 25, 2023. It is the band's second rerecorded greatest hits album, after the first volume in 2015. Volume 2 includes 14 rerecorded songs from their albums A Hangover You Don't Deserve (2004), The Great Burrito Extortion Case (2006), and Sorry for Partyin' (2009).

It is the last Bowling for Soup album to feature Chris Burney on lead guitar, as the band announced his retirement in 2025.

Sorry for Partyin'
Sorry for Partyin' is the seventh studio album by American rock band Bowling for Soup. It is the band's final album to be released by Jive Records. It was released on October 12, 2009, debuting at No. 104 on the Billboard 200 and No. 47 on Rock albums. No single was released to the radio for the album.
Syncerus
Syncerus is a genus of African bovid that contains the living Cape buffalo (Syncerus caffer), including the distinct African forest buffalo.

At least one extinct species belongs to this genus; Syncerus acoelotus. The extinct giant African buffalo (Syncerus antiquus) is also included in this genus by many authorities.

African forest buffalo
The African forest buffalo (Syncerus caffer nanus), also known as the dwarf buffalo, red buffalo, Congo buffalo or bush-cow, is the smallest subspecies of the African buffalo. It is related to the Cape buffalo (Syncerus caffer caffer), the Sudan buffalo (Syncerus caffer brachyceros), and the Nile buffalo (Syncerus caffer aequinoctialis). However, it is the only subspecies that occurs mainly in the rainforests of Central Africa and Western Africa, with an annual rainfall around 1,500 mm (59 in). It has been proposed to represent a distinct species, Syncerus nanus.
Political positions of Bernie Sanders
Bernie Sanders is an American politician who has served as a senator from Vermont since 2007. Having held various public offices since 1981, he is an independent and a self-described democratic socialist.

In 2016 Sanders campaigned for the Presidency of the United States in the Democratic primaries. His proposed policies emphasize reducing economic inequality and expanding social programs and workers' rights.

Since the election, Sanders has criticized the Donald Trump presidencies. In February 2019, Sanders announced his candidacy in the Democratic Party primaries for the 2020 presidential election, later withdrawing in April 2020. The political practice based on the positions and rhetoric of Sanders has been colloquially referred to as Sandersism.

United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs
The United States secretary of veterans affairs is the head of the United States Department of Veterans Affairs, the department concerned with veterans' benefits, health care, and national veterans' memorials and cemeteries. The secretary is a member of the Cabinet and second to last at seventeenth in the line of succession to the presidency (the position was last until the addition of the United States Department of Homeland Security in 2006). Until the appointment of David Shulkin in 2017, all appointees and acting appointees to the post were United States military veterans, but that is not a requirement to fill the position.

When the post of secretary is vacant, the deputy secretary or any other person designated by the president serves as acting secretary until the president nominates and the United States Senate confirms a new secretary.
Bigstock
Bigstock is an online royalty-free, international microstock photography website that sells images via a credit-based system. Bigstock's photos, vectors and illustrations cost from between 1 and 6 credits each, depending on size, with credits ranging from $.90 to US$3.00. 
BigStockPhoto was founded in Davis, California, in the fall of 2004. Bigstock adds to its library every day as photographers and designers from around the world submit their work. As of June 2015, Bigstock had more than 25 million royalty-free images (photos, vectors and illustrations) available.

On September 23, 2009, Bigstock announced that it had been purchased by Shutterstock, a subscription-based microstock company.

As of July 1, 2023 Bigstock is no longer accepting new content submissions.

Shutterstock, the owner of BigStock is in the process of merging with Getty Images, as of January 2025.

Royalty-free
Royalty-free (RF) material subject to copyright or other intellectual property rights may be used without the need to pay royalties or license fees for each use, per each copy or volume sold or some time period of use or sales.
Eridanus Stream
Eridanus Stream (Bulgarian: поток Еридан, romanized: potok Eridan, IPA: [poˈtɔk ˈɛridɐn]) is the 1.65 km long stream on eastern Byers Peninsula, Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica that drains Feya Tarn, flows northwards along the west side of Tsamblak Hill, crosses Robbery Beaches and empties into Barclay Bay just west of Sparadok Point. The area was visited by early 19th century sealers.

The feature is named after Eridanus River in Greek mythology.

Sparadok Point
Sparadok Point (Bulgarian: нос Спарадок, ‘Nos Sparadok’ \'nos spa-ra-'dok\) is a sharp ice-free point projecting 200 m from the coast of Byers Peninsula on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica with a shingle spit extending further 300 m northwards into Barclay Bay.  It is surmounted by Tsamblak Hill. The area was visited by early 19th century sealers.

The point is named after the Thracian King Sparadok, 445-435 BC.
Miss Universe Malaysia 2003
Miss Malaysia Universe 2003, the 37th edition of the Miss Universe Malaysia, was held on 11 April 2003 at the Istana Hotel, Kuala Lumpur. Elaine Daly of Kuala Lumpur was crowned by the outgoing titleholder, Karen Ang of Sarawak at the end of the event. She then represented Malaysia at the Miss Universe 2003 pageant in Panama City, Panama. Daly was also once competed in Miss Malaysia World 1999 where she ended up as runner-up.

Miss Universe Malaysia
Miss Universe Malaysia is an annual national beauty pageant and an organization that selects Malaysia's representative to the annual Miss Universe contest. On occasion, when the winner does not qualify (due to age or any other reason), a runner-up is sent.

The current Miss Universe Malaysia is Sandra Lim of Selangor. She was crowned on 6 September 2024 and represented her country at Miss Universe 2024 where she finished at top 30 quarter-finalists.
Timeline of the Sudanese civil war (2026)
The following is a timeline of the Sudanese civil war (2023–present) in 2026.

This timeline is a dynamic and fluid list, and as such may never satisfy criteria of completeness. Moreover, some events may only be fully understood and/or discovered in retrospect.

Sudan Liberation Movement/Army
The Sudan Liberation Movement/Army (Arabic: حركة تحرير السودان Ḥarakat Taḥrīr as-Sūdān; abbreviated SLM, SLA, or SLM/A) is a Sudanese rebel group active in Darfur, Sudan. It was founded as the Darfur Liberation Front by members of three indigenous ethnic groups in Darfur: the Fur, the Zaghawa, and the Masalit, among whom were the leaders Abdul Wahid al-Nur of the Fur, Khamis Abakar of the Masalit and Minni Minnawi of the Zaghawa.
Lucknow–Bhopal Garib Rath Express
The Bhopal-Lucknow Garib Rath Express is a Garib Rath Express train that is run by Indian Railways. It helps people travel between the cities of Bhopal and Lucknow in the states of Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh.

Garib Rath Express
The Garib Rath (lit. Poor Chariot) trains are a series of no-frills trains operated by Indian Railways to provide air-conditioned train travel at a cheaper rate compared to regular trains. Garib Rath Express trains primarily operate on long-distance routes, connecting major cities and important railway stations across different states in India. These trains are designed to cover extensive distances, often traversing several hundred kilometers in a single journey.