hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
James Annesley
James Annesley (1715 – 5 January 1760) was an Irishman with a claim to the title Earl of Anglesey, one of the wealthiest estates in Ireland. The dispute between Annesley and his uncle Richard Annesley was infamous in its time, but his story is perhaps best known today as a possible inspiration for the 19th-century novel Kidnapped by Robert Louis Stevenson and other works.

Appin Murder
54°53′42″N 2°56′02″W﻿ / ﻿54.895°N 2.934°W﻿ / 54.895; -2.934

The Appin Murder (Scottish Gaelic: Murt na h-Apainn) was the assassination by a concealed marksman of Colin Roy Campbell, the Clan Campbell tacksman of Glenure and factor for the Forfeited Estates Commission, on 14 May 1752. The murder, which took place on the confiscated estate of Clan Stewart of Appin in Lochaber in the west of Scotland, was an act of violent resistance against the large scale clearances taking place on the estate during the aftermath of the Jacobite Rising of 1745. The assassination led to the trial and execution of James Stewart of the Glens, often characterized as a notorious miscarriage of justice. The murder also inspired events in Robert Louis Stevenson's 1886 novel Kidnapped and its sequel Catriona.
Forres railway station
Forres railway station serves the town of Forres, Moray in Scotland. The station is managed and served by ScotRail and is on the Aberdeen–Inverness line, between Nairn and Elgin, measured 119 miles 42 chains (192.4 km) from Perth via the Dava route.

Moray
Moray (/ˈmʌri/ listenⓘ; Scottish Gaelic: Moireibh or Moireabh) is one of the 32 council areas of Scotland. It lies in the north-east of the country, with a coastline on the Moray Firth, and borders the council areas of Aberdeenshire and Highland. Its council is based in Elgin, the area's largest town. The main towns are generally in the north of the area on the coastal plain. The south of the area is more sparsely populated and mountainous, including part of the Cairngorms National Park.

The council area is named after the historic county of Moray (called Elginshire prior to 1919), which was in turn named after the medieval Province of Moray, each of which covered different areas to the modern council area. The modern area of Moray was created in 1975 as a lower-tier district within the Grampian Region. The Moray district became a single-tier council area in 1996.
Aronica
Aronica is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Gaetano Aronica (born 1963), Italian actor

Lou Aronica (born 1958), American editor and publisher

Salvatore Aronica (born 1978), Italian football player and manager

Lou Aronica
Lou Aronica (born 1958) is an American editor and publisher, primarily of science fiction. He co-edited the Full Spectrum anthologies with Shawna McCarthy. As a publisher he began at Bantam Books and formed their Bantam Spectra science fiction and fantasy label. Later he moved on to Avon and helped create their Avon-Eos science fiction and fantasy label.
Myrmelachista schumanni
Myrmelachista schumanni, also known as the lemon ant, is a species of ant from South America. It is notable for the creation of devil's gardens. Using its own herbicide, they kill off all the plants in an area except for the myrmecophytes, or ant-plants, in which they reside.

Myrmecophyte
Myrmecophytes (/mərˈmɛkəfaɪt/; literally "ant-plant") are plants that live in a mutualistic association with a colony of ants. There are over 100 different genera of myrmecophytes. These plants possess structural adaptations in the form of domatia where ants can shelter, and food bodies and extrafloral nectaries that provide ants with food. In exchange for these resources, ants aid the myrmecophyte in pollination, seed dispersal, gathering of essential nutrients, and defense. Domatia adapted specifically to ants may be called myrmecodomatia.
Annie Get Your Gun – 1986 London Cast
Annie Get Your Gun – 1986 London Cast is an album from the first London revival of Irving Berlin's musical Annie Get Your Gun, starring American rock musician Suzi Quatro as Annie Oakley and Eric Flynn as Frank Butler. The revival was a David Gilmore Chichester Festival Theatre production. It toured in the UK and then moved to the Aldwych Theatre in London's West End.

The album was initially released on the First Night/Pinnacle record label as Annie Get Your Gun (1986 London revival cast) and is sometimes (ambiguously) called Annie Get Your Gun (Original London Cast Recording) or Annie Get Your Gun: Original London Cast Recording. It is Quatro's ninth studio album.

Frank E. Butler
Francis E. Butler (bapt.Tooltip baptised January 30, 1847 – November 21, 1926) was an Irish-American marksman who performed in Wild West variety shows. He developed a shooting act with his performing partner John Graham, and when Graham fell ill the sharpshooter Annie Oakley stood in for him. Butler and Oakley began to perform together and later married, and they joined the Sells Brothers Circus. They became famous as a sharpshooting duo during their time in Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show from 1885 to 1901. Butler also worked as a representative and salesman for gun manufacturers.
Rabindra Nath Ghosh
Rabindra Nath Ghosh is an Indian politician, and the chairman of Cooch Behar Municipality. He was one of the prominent leaders of All India Trinamool Congress, the ruling political party of West Bengal. He previously served as a Cabinet Minister of the Government of West Bengal from 2016 to 2021. Ghosh was also a two time MLA of West Bengal Legislative Assembly from 2011 to 2021.

West Bengal Legislative Assembly
The West Bengal Legislative Assembly is the unicameral legislature of the Indian state of West Bengal. It is located in the B. B. D. Bagh area of Kolkata, the capital of the state. Members of the Legislative assembly are directly elected by the people. The legislative assembly comprises 294 Members of Legislative Assembly, all directly elected from single-seat constituencies. Its term is five years, unless sooner dissolved.
Peter Tanner
Peter Tanner (13 September 1914 – 10 December 2002) was a British film editor. After beginning his career editing quota quickies in the 1930s, he then worked on documentaries during the Second World War. He briefly worked with Alfred Hitchcock in 1945, editing footage of the liberated concentration camps. He was later employed by Ealing Studios, working on films such as Kind Hearts and Coronets and The Blue Lamp.

During the mid-1960s he edited a number of episodes of The Avengers television series. He had a lengthy career lasting into the late 1990s.

Cinematograph Films Act 1927
The Cinematograph Films Act 1927 (17 & 18 Geo. 5. c. 29) was an act of the UK Parliament designed to stimulate the declining British film industry. It received royal assent on 22 December 1927 and came into force on 1 April 1928.
Niwa Nagahide
Niwa Nagahide (丹羽 長秀; October 16, 1535 – May 15, 1585), also known as Gorōzaemon (五郎左衛門), his other legal alias was Hashiba Echizen no Kami (羽柴越前守), was a Japanese samurai of the Sengoku through Azuchi-Momoyama periods of the 16th century. He served as senior retainer to the Oda clan, and was eventually a daimyō in his own right. Going on to fight in the Oda clan's major campaigns, including Mino Campaign 1567, Omi Campaign 1568, the Honganji Campaign from 1570 to 1580, and Iga Campaign 1581, he was named one of the administrators of Kyoto after Nobunaga entered that city in 1568.

Omi (title)
Omi (Japanese: 臣) is a hereditary noble title (kabane) of ancient Japan. It was given to the descendants of the Imperial Family before Emperor Kōgen. Along with Muraji, Omi was reserved for the head of the most powerful clans during the Kofun period. When the Yamato court was established, the most influential families bearing these two titles were given the title Ōomi and Ōmuraji, respectively.
Bridges Creek
Bridges Creek is a stream in southeast Ozark County in the Ozarks of southern Missouri. It is a tributary of the North Fork River.

The stream begins at the junction of North Bridges Creek with South Bridges Creek. The north branch has headwaters in Howell County just west of Caulfield and south of U. S. Route 160 and it flows southwest into Ozark County and past Elijah. South Bridges Creek also starts in Howell County to the south of Caulfield adjacent to Missouri Route 101 and flows southwest to the junction. The two streams are each about five miles in length. Bridges Creek flows southwest from the junction and enters Norfork Lake about two miles south of Tecumseh and just north of Udall.

Bridges Creek has the name of one Mr. Bridge, a pioneer citizen.

Udall, Missouri
Udall is an unincorporated community in the Bayou I Township of Ozark County, in southern Missouri, United States, located approximately 12 miles southeast of Gainesville and eight miles west of Bakersfield on Missouri Route O. One and one-half miles west of Udall, the road ends at a park and landing on Norfork Lake.
Marnand, Rhône
Marnand (French pronunciation: [maʁnɑ̃]) is a former commune in the Rhône department in Rhône-Alpes region in eastern France.

On 1 January 2013, Marnand and four other communes merged becoming one commune called Thizy-les-Bourgs.

Rhône (department)
Rhône (French: [ʁon] ⓘ; Arpitan: Rôno) is a French department located in the east-central administrative region of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. Named after the river Rhône, its prefecture is Lyon. Its sole subprefecture is Villefranche-sur-Saône. Including the Lyon Metropolis, it had a population of 1,875,747 in 2019.
Willard Morgan
Willard Morgan  is an American performance artist and filmmaker, also founder, widely known as the artistic director of the East Village art collective Ideal Glass.  Son of opera singer Sylvia Side, he graduated from William Esper Studio and New York University.

William Esper Studio
The William Esper Studio was founded in 1965 as a school for the performing arts in Manhattan, New York. The school is dedicated to the acting technique of Sanford Meisner. Its founder, William "Bill" Esper, is occasionally referred to as the best-known of Meisner's first generation teachers.

The William Esper Studio was listed as one of The 25 Best Drama Schools for a Master of Fine Arts numerous times.
Musical bow
The musical bow (bowstring or string bow, a subset of bar zithers) is a simple string instrument used by a number of African peoples as well as Indigenous peoples of the Americas. It consists of a flexible, usually wooden, stick 1.5 to 10 feet (0.5 to 3 m) long, and strung end to end with a taut cord, usually metal. It can be played with the hands or a wooden stick or branch. It is uncertain if the musical bow developed from the hunting bow, though the San or Bushmen people of the Kalahari Desert do convert their hunting bows to musical use.

Types of bow include mouth-resonated string bow, earth-resonated string bow, and gourd-resonated string bow.

Xhosa language
Xhosa (/ˈkoʊsə/ KOH-sə, Xhosa: [ᵏǁʰôːsa] ⓘ), formerly spelled Xosa and also known by its local name isiXhosa, is a Bantu language, indigenous to Southern Africa and one of the official languages of South Africa and Zimbabwe.

Xhosa is spoken as a first language by approximately 8 million people and as a second language in South Africa, particularly in Eastern Cape, Western Cape, Northern Cape and Gauteng, and also in parts of Zimbabwe and Lesotho. It has perhaps the heaviest functional load of click consonants in a Bantu language (approximately tied with Yeyi), with one count finding that 10% of basic vocabulary items contained a click.
Osaka Conference Center
Osaka Conference Center (大阪カンファレンスセンター, Ōsaka kanfarensu sentā), officially known as 
Osaka Conference Center & Hotel (大阪カンファレンスセンター＆ホテル, Ōsaka kanfarensu sentā ando hoteru), is a conference center with a hotel in Tennoji-ku, Osaka, Osaka, Japan. Although Convention Linkage, Inc., the operator appointed by the City of Osaka, has started re-branding since April 2014, the center is still known as International House, Osaka (大阪国際交流センター, Ōsaka kokusai kōryū sentā) or i-house (アイハウス, Ai hausu) for the building name it tenants.

Convention center
A convention center (American English; or conference centre in British English) is a large building that is designed to hold a convention, where individuals and groups gather to promote and share common interests. Convention centers typically offer sufficient floor area to accommodate several thousand attendees. Very large venues, suitable for major trade shows, are sometimes known as exhibition halls. Convention centers typically have at least one auditorium and may also contain concert halls, lecture halls, meeting rooms, and conference rooms. Some large resort area hotels include a convention center.

In Francophone countries, the term is palais des congrès (such as the Palais des Congrès de Paris) or centre des congrès (such as the Centre des congrès de Quebec).
Gaétan de Rassenfosse
Gaétan de Rassenfosse (born 1983 in Anderlecht, Belgium) is a Belgian economist, whose research is specialized in the field of economics of innovation. He is a professor at EPFL (École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne), where he heads the Science, Technology and Innovation Policy Laboratory at the College of Management of Technology.

He served as a scientific advisory board member of the Observatoire des Sciences et Techniques at the Haut Conseil de l'évaluation de la recherche et de l'enseignement supérieur in Paris, France. He was a co-editor at the Journal of Economics & Management Strategy.

From 2010 to 2014 he served as Research Fellow and then Senior Research Fellow at the University of Melbourne in Australia.

Belgians
Belgians (Dutch: Belgen [ˈbɛlɣə(n)] ⓘ; French: Belges [bɛlʒ] ⓘ; German: Belgier [ˈbɛlɡi̯ɐ] ⓘ) are people identified with the Kingdom of Belgium, a federal state in Western Europe. As Belgium is a multinational state, this connection may be residential, legal, historical, or cultural rather than ethnic. The majority of Belgians, however, belong to two distinct linguistic groups or communities (Dutch: gemeenschap; French: communauté) native to the country, i.e. its historical regions: Flemings in Flanders, who speak Dutch, West Flemish and Limburgish; and Walloons in Wallonia, who speak French or Walloon. There is also a substantial Belgian diaspora, which has settled primarily in the United States, Canada, France, and the Netherlands.
David Simpson (Texas politician)
David Philip Simpson (born June 27, 1961) is a former Republican member of the Texas House of Representatives for District 7, based in Gregg and Upshur counties. In 2010, he unseated the incumbent, Tommy Merritt of Longview, in the Republican primary with 52.88 percent of the vote and then prevailed in the general election for the 82nd Texas Legislature on November 2, 2010 with 91.28 percent of the vote, having had no Democratic opponent.

82nd Texas Legislature
The 82nd Texas Legislature began on January 11, 2011 and ended on May 29, 2011. All members of the House and 16 of the 31 members of the Senate were elected in the general election held on November 2, 2010.
Jean-Louis Dumas
Jean-Louis Dumas was a French businessman. A descendant of its founder Thierry Hermès, he headed Hermès from 1978 to 2006. He left his mark on the world of fashion and luxury.

He began his career at Hermès in 1964, becoming managing director in 1971 under the supervision of his father, Robert Dumas, and then chairman in 1978. He introduced major innovations, expanded the product range and developed Hermès' international presence. Under his leadership, Hermès diversified into areas such as ready-to-wear, silk and watchmaking, and acquired prestigious brands such as John Lobb and Puiforcat. The creation of the Birkin bag, following a chance meeting with Jane Birkin, symbolizes the innovative spirit and success of the brand under his leadership. He retired for health reasons from the business in 2006.

John Lobb
John Lobb (27 December 1829 – 17 January 1895) was an English shoemaker and the founder of the companies John Lobb Bootmaker and John Lobb Limited. He founded his first successful company making boots for gold diggers in Australia.
Tax expenditure
Tax expenditures are government revenue losses from tax exclusions, exemptions, deductions, credits, deferrals, and preferential tax rates. They are a counterpart to direct expenditures, in that they both are forms of government spending.

Tax expenditures function as subsidies for certain activities, they effect both axis of equity of the basic tax system by giving preferential treatment to those activities. For instance, two people who have the same income can have different effective tax rates if one of the tax payers qualifies for certain tax expenditures by owning a home, having children, or receiving employer-provided health care and pension insurance.

Tax deduction
A tax deduction is an amount deducted from taxable income, usually based on expenses such as those incurred to produce additional income. Tax deductions are a form of tax incentives, along with exemptions and tax credits. The difference between deductions, exemptions, and credits is that deductions and exemptions both reduce taxable income, while credits reduce tax.
The Bower
The Bower is an 1806 residence, originally built in the Federal style in Jefferson County, West Virginia, United States. It was later remodeled with Gothic Revival features after a fire in 1892. The name appeared as early as 1753 when Major General Adam Stephen had a hunting lodge at this location.

Carpenter Gothic
Carpenter Gothic, also sometimes called Carpenter's Gothic or Rural Gothic, is a North American architectural style-designation for an application of Gothic Revival architectural detailing and picturesque massing applied to wooden structures built by house-carpenters. The abundance of North American timber and the carpenter-built vernacular architectures based upon it made a picturesque improvisation upon Gothic a natural evolution. Carpenter Gothic improvises upon features that were carved in stone in authentic Gothic architecture, whether original or in more scholarly revival styles; however, in the absence of the restraining influence of genuine Gothic structures, the style was freed to improvise and emphasize charm and quaintness rather than fidelity to received models. The genre received its impetus from the publication by Alexander Jackson Davis of Rural Residences and from detailed plans and elevations in publications by Andrew Jackson Downing.
Genies in popular culture
Genies or djinns are supernatural creatures from pre-Islamic and Islamic mythology. They are associated with shapeshifting, possession and madness. In later Western popular representation, they became associated with wish-granting and often live in magic lamps or bottles. They appear in One Thousand and One Nights and its adaptations, among other stories. The wish-granting djinns from One Thousand and One Nights, however, are the divs of Persian origin, not the Arabian djinns.

Shapeshifting
In mythology, folklore and speculative fiction, shapeshifting is the ability to physically transform oneself through unnatural means. The idea of shapeshifting is found in the oldest forms of totemism and shamanism, as well as the oldest existent literature and epic poems such as the Epic of Gilgamesh and the Iliad. The concept remains a common literary device in modern fantasy, children's literature and popular culture. Examples of shape-shifters include changelings, jinns, kitsune, vampires, and werewolves, along with deities such as Loki and Vertumnus.
Bahadur Khan Bangulzai
Sardar Bahadur Khan Bangulzai was the former chief of the Bangulzai of Balochistan. He was a member of the Provincial Assembly of Balochistan and served as provincial minister for education. Sardar Bangulzai was part of a jirga that helped to resolve a 4-year blood feud between rival clans of the Lango tribe in 2002. He began his career in the 1970s and remained a member of the assembly until his death on 20 August 2006 at the age of 87. He was buried in his ancestral graveyard in Splinji.

His son and successor Sardar Kamal Khan Bangulzai is the Nazim (governor) of Mastung District.

Bangulzai tribe
The Bangulzai (Brahui: بنگلزی) is an ethnic Brahui tribe in the Balochistan province of Pakistan, belonging to the Sarawani branch of the Brahui tribes. The tribe inhabits Sarawan and Kacchi, and is bilingual in Brahui and Balochi.
Erkenbrechtsweiler
Erkenbrechtsweiler is a municipality in the district of Esslingen in Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany.

It lies within the area of the Celtic Heidengraben.

Erkenbrechtsweiler is the only municipality in the district of Esslingen, whose denunciation lies fully on the Jura plateau.

Esslingen (district)
Esslingen is a Landkreis (district) in the centre of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from north clockwise) Rems-Murr, Göppingen, Reutlingen, Böblingen and the district-free city Stuttgart.

Until 15 October 1964, the district's name was officially written as Landkreis Eßlingen.
Marine Wing Support Group 37
Marine Wing Support Group 37 (MWSG-37) was a United States Marine Corps aviation combat service support unit based at Marine Corps Air Station Miramar that was composed of 4 squadrons, that provided the 3rd Marine Aircraft Wing and I Marine Expeditionary Force with complete airfield operation services (less air traffic control), engineer and transportation support, medical assistance, food services, security support, and other direct combat and combat service support to Aviation Combat elements. MWSG-37 was decommissioned on 15 June 2012 but due to operational requirements were reactivated on 29 November 2018.  As part of the Marine Corps' Force Design initiative, MWSG-37 was again decommissioned on 17 July 2020.

3rd Marine Aircraft Wing
The 3rd Marine Aircraft Wing (abbreviated as 3rd MAW) is the major west coast aviation unit of the United States Marine Corps. It is headquartered at Marine Corps Air Station Miramar, in San Diego, California, and provides the aviation combat element for I Marine Expeditionary Force.  The wing is made up of a headquarters squadron, four flying groups, an aviation command and control group and an aviation engineering group.
Festival Internacional Cervantino
The Festival Internacional Cervantino (FIC),  popularly known as El Cervantino, is a festival which takes place each fall in the city of Guanajuato, located in central Mexico. The festival originates from the mid 20th century, when short plays by Miguel de Cervantes called entremeses (singular entremés) were performed in the city's plazas.

In 1972, the festival was expanded with federal support to include more events to add a more international flavor. Since then, FIC has grown to become the most important international artistic and cultural event in Mexico and Latin America, and one of four major events of its type in the world. It is a member of the European Festivals Association and the Asian Association of Theater Festivals In addition to government support, there are also private sponsors such as Telmex, Televisa and Microsoft.

European Festivals Association
The European Festivals Association (EFA) is an umbrella group for various festivals in Europe and other countries. It supports artistic cooperation among festivals and offers programs for new festival and artistic managers. It represents more than 100 music, dance, theatre and multidisciplinary festivals along with national festival and cultural organizations from about thirty eight, mostly European, countries.