hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jack Wagner (politician)
Jack E. Wagner (born January 4, 1948) is an American Democratic politician from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. He served as Pennsylvania Auditor General, and previously served in the State Senate and Pittsburgh City Council.

Pennsylvania Democratic Party
The Pennsylvania Democratic Party (PADems) is the affiliate of the Democratic Party in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. It is headquartered in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania and is the largest political party in the state. Its chair is Eugene DePasquale.

As of 2025, it controls two out of five statewide offices including the governorship, one U.S. Senate seat, 7 out of 17 U.S. House seats, and the Pennsylvania House of Representatives. Along with the Pennsylvania Republican Party, it is one of the two major parties in the state.
2001 Internazionali Femminili di Palermo
The 2001 Internazionali Femminili di Palermo was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Palermo, Italy that was part of the Tier V category of the 2001 WTA Tour. It was the 14th edition of the Internazionali Femminili di Palermo and took place from 9 July until 15 July 2001. Ninth-seeded Anabel Medina Garrigues won the singles title and earned $16,000 first-prize money.

2001 WTA Tour
The WTA Tour is the elite tour for professional women's tennis organised by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA). The WTA Tour includes the four Grand Slam tournaments, the WTA Tour Championships and the WTA Tier I, Tier II, Tier III, Tier IV and Tier V events. ITF tournaments are not part of the WTA Tour, although they award points for the WTA World Ranking.
RAF Little Staughton
Royal Air Force Little Staughton or more simply RAF Little Staughton is a former Royal Air Force station located 1.7 miles (2.7 km) south of Great Staughton, Cambridgeshire and 4.2 miles (6.8 km) west of St Neots, Cambridgeshire, England.

Great Staughton
Great Staughton is a village and civil parish in Cambridgeshire, England. Great Staughton lies approximately 8 miles (13 km) south-west of Huntingdon. Great Staughton is situated within Huntingdonshire which is a non-metropolitan district of Cambridgeshire as well as being a historic county of England.
Cobalt(III) hydroxide
Cobalt(III) hydroxide or cobaltic hydroxide is a chemical compound with formula Co(OH)3 or H3CoO3.  It is an ionic compound, with trivalent cobalt cations Co3+ and hydroxyl anions OH−.

The compound is known in two structurally different forms, "brownish-black" and "green".  The brownish-black form is a stable solid and can be prepared by reaction of water solutions of cobalt(II) chloride and sodium hydroxide, followed by oxidation with ozone.

The green form, formerly thought to be cobalt(II) peroxide, apparently requires carbon dioxide as a catalyst. It can be prepared by adding hydrogen peroxide to a solution of cobalt(II) chloride in 96% ethanol at –30 to –35°C, then adding a 15% solution of sodium carbonate in water with intense stirring.  The resulting dark green powder is fairly stable at liquid nitrogen temperature, but at room temperature it turns dark brown within a few days.

Hydroxy group
In chemistry, a hydroxy or hydroxyl group is a functional group with the chemical formula −OH and composed of one oxygen atom covalently bonded to one hydrogen atom. In organic chemistry, alcohols and carboxylic acids contain one or more hydroxy groups. Both the negatively charged anion HO−, called hydroxide, and the neutral radical HO·, known as the hydroxyl radical, consist of an unbonded hydroxy group.

According to IUPAC definitions, the term hydroxyl refers to the hydroxyl radical (·OH) only, while the functional group −OH is called a hydroxy group.
Public Interest Research Group
Public Interest Research Groups (PIRGs) are U.S. and Canadian non-profit organizations that employ grassroots organizing and direct advocacy on issues such as consumer protection, public health and transportation. Many of the PIRGs are closely affiliated with the Fund for the Public Interest, which conducts fundraising and canvassing on their behalf.

Open educational resources
Open educational resources (OER) are teaching, learning, and research materials that are intentionally created and licensed to be free for the end user to own, share, and in most cases, modify. The term "OER" describes publicly accessible materials and resources for any user to use, re-mix, improve, and redistribute under some licenses. These are designed to reduce accessibility barriers by implementing best practices in teaching and to be adapted for local unique contexts.

The development and promotion of open educational resources is often motivated by a desire to provide an alternative or enhanced educational paradigm.
Apple News
Apple News is a news aggregator app developed by Apple for its iOS, iPadOS, watchOS, and macOS operating systems. The iOS version was launched with the release of iOS 9. It is the successor to the Newsstand app included in previous versions of iOS. Users can read news articles with it, based on publishers, websites, and topics they select, such as technology, media or politics.

News aggregator
In computing, a news aggregator, also termed a feed aggregator, content aggregator, feed reader, news reader, or simply an aggregator, is client software or a web application that aggregates digital content such as online newspapers, blogs, podcasts, and video blogs (vlogs) in one location for easy viewing. The updates distributed may include journal tables of contents, podcasts, videos, and news items.

Contemporary news aggregators include Akregator, Feedly, Inoreader, and Mozilla Thunderbird.
Gmina Zakroczym
Gmina Zakroczym is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Nowy Dwór County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. Its seat is the town of Zakroczym, which lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) west of Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki and 36 km (22 mi) north-west of Warsaw.

The gmina covers an area of 71.42 square kilometres (27.6 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 6,277 (out of which the population of Zakroczym amounts to 3,367, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 2,910).

Nowy Dwór County, Masovian Voivodeship
Nowy Dwór County (Polish: powiat nowodworski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Masovian Voivodeship, east-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki, which lies 33 kilometres (21 mi) north-west of Warsaw. The county also contains the towns of Nasielsk, lying 21 km (13 mi) north-east of Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki, and Zakroczym, 5 km (3 mi) west of Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki. Warsaw-Modlin Airport is located within the county.
The county covers an area of 691.65 square kilometres (267.0 sq mi). As of 2019, its total population is 79,256, out of which the population of Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki is 28,649, that of Nasielsk is 7,702, that of Zakroczym is 3,196, and the rural population is 39,709.
Heptagram
A heptagram, septagram, septegram or septogram is a seven-point star drawn with seven straight strokes.

The name heptagram combines a numeral prefix, hepta-, with the Greek suffix -gram. The -gram suffix derives from γραμμῆ (grammē) meaning a line.

Pentagram
A pentagram (sometimes known as a pentalpha, pentangle, or star pentagon) is a regular five-pointed star polygon, formed from the diagonal line segments of a convex (or simple, or non-self-intersecting) regular pentagon. Drawing a circle around the five points creates a similar symbol referred to as the pentacle, which is used widely by Wiccans and in paganism, or as a sign of life and connections.

The word pentagram comes from the Greek word πεντάγραμμον (pentagrammon), from πέντε (pente), "five" + γραμμή (grammē), "line".
The word pentagram refers to just the star and the word pentacle refers to the star within a circle, although there is some overlap in usage. The word pentalpha is a 17th-century revival of a post-classical Greek name of the shape.
Motul Municipality
Motul Municipality (in the Yucatec Maya language: 'place of no overflowing') is a municipality in the Mexican state of Yucatán. It contains 297.63 km2 (114.92 sq mi) of land and is roughly 45 km (28 mi) east of the city of Mérida.

In June 2023, Motul was nombrated 'Pueblo Mágico' by SECTUR (Tourism Secretary)

Motul, Yucatán
Motul (from Mayan: Mutul: toponymic, “the 'mut' bird”; it can also mean “knot”), officially Motul de Carrillo Puerto, is the capital city of the municipality of Motul located in the central coastal region of the Mexican state of Yucatán, at an approximate distance of 45 kilometers northeast of the city of Mérida, the capital of the entity. According to the INEGI census carried out in 2020, the city has just over 26 thousand inhabitants. The city is famous for being the place of origin of Motuleños eggs, a typical traditional dish of Yucatan cuisine. The official name of the city pays tribute to former governor Felipe Carrillo Puerto, originally from Motul, who was an important figure for the state at the beginning of the 20th century for his fight against the exploitation of the Mayan people.

In 2023, Motul was designated a Pueblo Mágico by the Mexican government, recognizing its cultural and historical importance.
2015 Men's EuroHockey Championship
The 2015 Men's EuroHockey Championship was the 15th edition of the men's EuroHockey Nations Championship, the biennial international men's field hockey championship of Europe organised by the European Hockey Federation. It was held from 21 to 29 August 2015 in the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park, London, England.

The Netherlands defeated the defending champions Germany 6–1 in the final to capture their fourth title, while Ireland won their first-ever medal by beating the hosts England 4–2. As the winners, the Netherlands qualified for the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

2013 Men's EuroHockey Championship
The 2013 Men's EuroHockey Championship was the 14th edition of the Men's EuroHockey Championship, the biennial international men's field hockey championship of Europe organized by the European Hockey Federation. It was held alongside the women's tournament from 17 until 25 August 2013 at Braxgata HC in Boom, Belgium. The main sponsor for the tournament was TriFinance

The defending champions Germany defeated the hosts Belgium 3–1 in the final to win a record-extending eighth title and they earned their qualification to the 2014 World Cup. The Netherlands won the bronze medal as they defeated England 3–2.
CO-methylating acetyl-CoA synthase
Acetyl-CoA synthase (ACS), not to be confused with acetyl-CoA synthetase or acetate-CoA ligase (ADP forming), is a nickel-containing enzyme involved in the metabolic processes of cells. Together with carbon monoxide dehydrogenase (CODH), it forms the bifunctional enzyme Acetyl-CoA Synthase/Carbon Monoxide Dehydrogenase (ACS/CODH) found in anaerobic microorganisms such as archaea and bacteria. The ACS/CODH enzyme works primarily through the Wood–Ljungdahl pathway which converts carbon dioxide to Acetyl-CoA. The recommended name for this enzyme is CO-methylating acetyl-CoA synthase.

Migratory insertion
In organometallic chemistry, a migratory insertion is a type of reaction wherein two ligands on a metal complex combine. It is a subset of reactions that very closely resembles the insertion reactions, and both are differentiated by the mechanism that leads to the resulting stereochemistry of the products. However, often the two are used interchangeably because the mechanism is sometimes unknown. Therefore, migratory insertion reactions or insertion reactions, for short, are defined not by the mechanism but by the overall regiochemistry wherein one chemical entity interposes itself into an existing bond of typically a second chemical entity e.g.:
Big Ridge State Park
Big Ridge State Park is a state park in Union County, Tennessee, in the southeastern United States.  The park consists of 3,687 acres (14.92 km2) on the southern shore of the Norris Reservoir, an impoundment of the Clinch River created by the completion of Norris Dam in 1936.  Much of the park's recreational focus is on Big Ridge Lake, a 45-acre (0.18 km2) sub-impoundment of Norris near the center of the park.

Big Ridge State Park was first developed by the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), the National Park Service and the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) in the 1930s as part of the greater Norris Project.  The park was one of three of the project's demonstration recreational areas that eventually became state parks (Norris Dam State Park and Cove Lake State Park are the other two).  The park's recreational facilities opened in May 1934. The park is now operated and maintained by the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation.

Norris Lake
Norris Lake, also known as Norris Reservoir, is a reservoir in Tennessee, US. The lake was created by the Norris Dam at the Cove Creek Site on the Clinch River in 1936 by the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) for flood control, water storage, and hydroelectric power. Norris Dam and its reservoir were the first major project taken on by the TVA. The lake, the dam, and the town of Norris, Tennessee are named for George W. Norris, who was a U.S. Senator from Nebraska and who wrote the legislation that created the TVA.
Phoneutria fera
Phoneutria fera is a species of spider with medically significant venom in the family Ctenidae found in South America (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil, Suriname, and Guyana). It is commonly known as the Brazilian wandering spider and the banana spider, although these names are applied to other species in the genus Phoneutria, particularly Phoneutria nigriventer. P. fera tends to spend a larger amount of time in vegetation during the early period of its life and spends more time on the ground once it becomes larger. This is more common in females, since they are usually larger than males. Medical records from within the geographic range of P. fera show bites (likely from P. fera or its close relative P. reidyi), have the potential to develop moderate to severe systematic reactions in humans.

Wandering spider
Wandering spiders (Ctenidae) are a family of spiders that includes the Brazilian wandering spiders. These spiders have a distinctive longitudinal groove on the top-rear of their oval carapace similar to those of the Amaurobiidae.

They are highly defensive and venomous nocturnal hunters. Wandering spiders are known to hunt large prey, for example hylid species Dendropsophus branneri. Despite their notoriety for being dangerous, only a few members of Phoneutria have venom known to be hazardous to humans, but the venoms of this family are poorly known, so all larger ctenids should be treated with caution.
Qara Hülegü
Qara Hülegü (died 1252) was head of the ulus of the Chagatai Khanate (1242–1246, 1252).

He was the son of Mutukan (killed during the siege of Bamyan), who was the favored son of Chagatai Khan. He was nominated by Chagatai Khan, as well as Ögedei Khan, to become khan. Since he was still young, his mother Ebuskun acted as regent for him. In order to ensure his power, however, the Grand Khan Güyük Khan deposed him in 1246 and replaced him with one of Qara Hülegü's uncles, Yesü Möngke.

However, following the ascension of Güyük's successor, Möngke Khan, Qara Hülegü gained the Great Khan's favor by supporting him in his purges of the family of Ögedei. He was restored to his position of Chagatai Khan, but died before returning to his realm. Mongke permitted his wife Orghana Khatun (daughter of Toralchi Küregen, granddaughter of Qutuqa Beki) to serve as regent. Qara Hülegü was later succeeded by his son Mubarak Shah.

Mutukan
Mutukan also spelled as Mö'etüken (died 1221), was the eldest son of Chagatai Khan and a grandson of the founding Mongol khagan Genghis Khan. Mutukan was killed during the siege of Bamyan in 1221 by an arrow from the besieged walls. His son was Yesü Nto'a. Yesu' Nto'a was the father of Baraq (Chagatai Khan). Buraq Khan was the khan of Moghulistan from 1266 to 1271.
Mautner's lemma
Mautner's lemma in representation theory, named after Austrian-American mathematician Friederich Mautner, states that if G is a topological group and π a unitary representation of G on a Hilbert space H, then for any x in G, which has conjugates

yxy−1

converging to the identity element e, for a net of elements y, then any vector v of H invariant under all the π(y) is also invariant under π(x).

Unitary representation
In mathematics, a unitary representation of a group G is a linear representation π of G on a complex Hilbert space V such that π(g) is a unitary operator for every g ∈ G. The general theory is well-developed in the case that G is a locally compact (Hausdorff) topological group and the representations are strongly continuous.

The theory has been widely applied in quantum mechanics since the 1920s, particularly influenced by Hermann Weyl's 1928 book Gruppentheorie und Quantenmechanik. One of the pioneers in constructing a general theory of unitary representations, for any group G rather than just for particular groups useful in applications, was George Mackey.
Selberg class
In mathematics, the Selberg class is an axiomatic definition of a class of L-functions.  The members of the class are Dirichlet series which obey four axioms that seem to capture the essential properties satisfied by most functions that are commonly called L-functions or zeta functions.  Although the exact nature of the class is conjectural, the hope is that the definition of the class will lead to a classification of its contents and an elucidation of its properties, including insight into their relationship to automorphic forms and the Riemann hypothesis.  The class was defined by Atle Selberg in (Selberg 1992), who preferred not to use the word "axiom" that later authors have employed.

Automorphic L-function
In mathematics, an automorphic L-function is a function L(s,π,r) of a complex variable s, associated to an automorphic representation π of a reductive group G over a global field and a finite-dimensional complex representation r of the Langlands dual group LG of G, generalizing the Dirichlet L-series of a Dirichlet character and the Mellin transform of a modular form. They were introduced by Langlands (1967, 1970, 1971).

Borel (1979) and Arthur & Gelbart (1991) gave surveys of automorphic L-functions.
SPICE
SPICE (Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis) is a general-purpose, open-source analog electronic circuit simulator.
It is a program used in integrated circuit and board-level design to check the integrity of circuit designs and to predict circuit behavior.

X Window System
The X Window System (X11, or simply X) is a windowing system for bitmap displays, common on Unix-like operating systems. X originated as part of Project Athena at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1984. The X protocol has been at version 11 (hence "X11") since September 1987.  The X.Org Foundation leads the X project, with the current reference implementation, X.Org Server, available as free and open-source software under the MIT License and similar permissive licenses.
Budy Zosine
Budy Zosine [ˈbudɨ zɔˈɕinɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jaktorów, within Grodzisk Mazowiecki County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It is approximately 2 km (1 mi) north of Jaktorów, 8 km (5 mi) west of Grodzisk Mazowiecki, and 36 km (22 mi) west of Warsaw.

Jaktorów
Jaktorów [jakˈtɔruf] is a village in Grodzisk Mazowiecki County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Jaktorów.

The last recorded aurochs (Bos primigenius), a female, died in 1627 in the Jaktorów Forest, Poland. Also called the urus (in Polish tur), aurochs were the ancestors of domestic cattle, inhabiting Europe, Asia, and North Africa. The skull of the last recorded specimen was later looted by the Swedish Army during the Swedish invasion of Poland (1655–1660) and is now in Livrustkammaren in Stockholm.
Insulated siding
Insulated siding is home siding that includes rigid foam insulation, fused behind the exterior surface of the wall, for the purpose of reducing energy consumption, increasing the insulation value of the wall system and improving the stability and appearance of the siding. Currently, insulated siding is commercially available as a type of vinyl siding.

Vinyl siding
Vinyl siding is plastic exterior siding for houses and small apartment buildings, used for decoration and weatherproofing, imitating wood clapboard, batten board and batten or shakes, and used instead of other materials such as aluminum or fiber cement siding. It is an engineered product, manufactured primarily from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) resin. In the UK and New Zealand a similar material is known as uPVC weatherboarding.

Approximately 80 percent of its weight is PVC resin, with the remaining 20 percent being ingredients that impart color, opacity, gloss, impact resistance, flexibility, and durability. It is the most commonly installed exterior cladding for residential construction in the United States and Canada.
Tzeltal people
The Tzeltal are a Maya people of Mexico, who chiefly reside in the highlands of Chiapas. The Tzeltal language belongs to the Tzeltalan subgroup of Maya languages. Most Tzeltals live in communities in about twenty municipalities, under a Mexican system called “usos y costumbres” which seeks to respect traditional Indigenous authority and politics. Women are often seen wearing traditional huipils and black skirts, but men generally do not wear traditional attire. Tzeltal religion syncretically integrates traits from Catholic and native belief systems. Shamanism and traditional medicine is still practiced. Many make a living through agriculture and/or handcrafts, mostly textiles; and many also work for wages to meet family needs.

Chiapas Highlands
The Chiapas Highlands, also known as the Central Highlands of Chiapas or Chiapas Plateau (Spanish: Los Altos de Chiapas), is a geographic, sociocultural and administrative region located in Chiapas, the southernmost state of Mexico.
Ogle County, Illinois
Ogle County is a county in the northern part of the U.S. state of Illinois. According to the 2020 United States census, it had a population of 51,788. Its county seat is Oregon, and its largest city is Rochelle. Ogle County comprises Rochelle, IL Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Rockford-Freeport-Rochelle, IL Combined Statistical Area.

Freeport, Illinois
Freeport is the largest city in Stephenson County, Illinois, United States, and its county seat. The population was 23,973 at the 2020 census. Located along the Pecatonica River, Freeport is known for hosting the second Lincoln–Douglas debate of 1858, and as "Pretzel City, USA", due to a popular German bakery that became known for its prolific pretzel production in the 19th century. Freeport High School's mascot is the Pretzel to honor its heritage.