hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Premier League of America
The Premier League of America (PLA) was an American soccer league consisting of teams in cities in the Great Lakes region of the United States. The league was a part of the United States Adult Soccer Association. It began its first season of play in 2015 as the Great Lakes Premier League, and at the end of the 2017 season its member clubs moved to form the Midwest Conference of the United Premier Soccer League.

National Premier Soccer League
The National Premier Soccer League (NPSL) is an American men's soccer league. The league is officially affiliated to the United States Adult Soccer Association (USASA) and has automatic qualification for the U.S. Open Cup. It is the successor of the Men's Premier Soccer League, a regional league originally based in the Western United States, which has now expanded nationwide to encompass teams from 29 states. The league's motto is "A National League with a Regional Focus".
Siege of Qal'at Bani Hammad
The siege of Qalaa of Beni Hammad (November 1015 – May 20, 1016) was conducted by the Zirid army of Emir Al-Mu'izz in modern-day province of M'sila, Algeria, during the Hammadid–Zirid War. The defenders of the Qala'a were under the command of the Hammadid Emir Hammad ibn Buluggin. The siege ended with the death of Badis ibn al-Mansur, resulting in a Hammadid victory and the Zirid army returning to Ifriqiya.

Sanhaja
The Sanhaja (Arabic: صنهاجة, romanized: Ṣanhāja, or زناگة, Znāga; Berber languages: Aẓnag, pl. Iẓnagen, and Aẓnaj, pl. Iẓnajen) were a large Berber tribal confederation, along with the Zanata and Masmuda confederations. Many tribes in Algeria, Libya, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Senegal, Tunisia and Western Sahara bore and still carry this ethnonym, especially in its Berber form.

Other names include Zenaga, Znaga, Sanhája, Sanhâdja and Senhaja.
Nardeo Snatak
Nardeo Snatak (born September 1917, date of death unknown) was an Indian politician in the state of Uttar Pradesh who was a member of 1st Lok Sabha, representing the Aligarh constituency. He was re-elected to the 2nd Lok Sabha. Snatak was elected to 3rd and 4th Lok Sabha from the constituency of Hathras.

Snatak was born at Bela village, Etawah district in September 1917. He is deceased.

1st Lok Sabha
The First Lok Sabha was constituted on 17 April 1952 after India's first general election. The 1st Lok Sabha lasted its full tenure of five years and was dissolved on 4 April 1957. The First Session of this Lok Sabha commenced on 13 May 1952.

Total Lok Sabha seats were 489 and total eligible voters were 17.3 crores. The Indian National Congress (INC) won 364 seats. They were followed by Independents, winning a total of 37 seats. The Communist Party of India (CPI) and the Socialist Party (India) followed with 16 and 12 seats respectively. Indian National Congress got 45% of the total votes in this election and won 76% of the 479 contested seats.
Russel Simmons
Russel Simmons is an American businessman. He co-founded Yelp, Inc. with Jeremy Stoppelman and served as CTO from July 2004 until he left in June 2010. Prior to co-founding Yelp, Simmons was a co-founder of PayPal, where he was a Lead Software Architect, and has been described as a member of the "PayPal Mafia". In 2014 he founded Learnirvana.

Simmons graduated from University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign in 1998 with a Bachelor of Science in Computer Science.

Jeremy Stoppelman
Jeremy Stoppelman (born November 10, 1977) is an American business executive. He is the CEO of Yelp, which he co-founded in 2004. Stoppelman obtained a bachelor's degree in computer engineering from the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign in 1999. After briefly working for @Home Network, he worked at X.com and later became the VP of Engineering after the company was renamed PayPal. Stoppelman left PayPal to attend Harvard Business School. During a summer internship at MRL Ventures, he and others came up with the idea for Yelp Inc. He turned down an acquisition offer by Google and took the company public in 2012.
Tibrovirus
Tibrovirus is a genus of viruses in the family Rhabdoviridae, order Mononegavirales. There are 9 members of the genus. Tibroviruses have been isolated from biting midges, cattle, and humans. None of the tibroviruses, except for Bas-Congo virus, have been associated with any diseases.

Rhabdoviridae
Rhabdoviridae is a family of negative-strand RNA viruses in the order Mononegavirales. Vertebrates (including mammals), invertebrates, plants, fungi and protozoans serve as natural hosts. Diseases associated with member viruses include rabies encephalitis caused by the rabies virus, and flu-like symptoms in humans caused by vesiculoviruses. The name is derived from Ancient Greek rhabdos, meaning rod, referring to the shape of the viral particles. The family has 62 genera, most assigned to four subfamilies.
Sericophylla
Sericophylla is a monotypic moth genus of the family Crambidae described by Alfred Jefferis Turner in 1937. Its only species, Sericophylla nivalis, described in the same paper, is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from Queensland.

Alfred Jefferis Turner
Alfred Jefferis Turner (3 October 1861 in Canton – 29 December 1947 in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia) was a pediatrician and amateur entomologist. He was the son of missionary Frederick Storrs-Turner. He introduced the use of diphtheria antitoxin to Australia in 1895, and resided in Dauphin Terrace, Highgate Hill, Brisbane.

The Jefferis Turner Centre for mothercraft was opened in 1952 as part of the Queensland Government's Maternal and Child Welfare program. In 1986, its role was changed to provide short-term respite care for intellectually disabled children. It is located in the heritage building Fairy Knoll in Ipswich.
Implant bars
There are many types of implant bars, including this Kugel B Bar. Implant bars are a mix between dentures and implants. Unlike common dentures, a bar is implanted in the patient's mouth, and the denture snaps onto the bar to hold it in place. These are generally made of acrylic with the higher-quality bars using natural-looking teeth and gums.

Dentures
Dentures (also known as false teeth) are prosthetic devices constructed to replace missing teeth, supported by the surrounding soft and hard tissues of the oral cavity. Conventional dentures are removable (removable partial denture or complete denture). However, there are many denture designs, some of which rely on bonding or clasping onto teeth or dental implants (fixed prosthodontics). There are two main categories of dentures, the distinction being whether they fit onto the mandibular arch or on the maxillary arch.
Danalite
Danalite is an iron beryllium silicate sulfide mineral with formula: Fe2+4Be3(SiO4)3S.

It is a rare mineral which occurs in granites, tin bearing pegmatites, contact metamorphic skarns, gneisses and in hydrothermal deposits. It occurs in association with magnetite, garnet, fluorite, albite, cassiterite, pyrite, muscovite, arsenopyrite, quartz, and chlorite.

Danalite was first described in 1866 from a deposit in Essex County, Massachusetts and named for American mineralogist James Dwight Dana (1813–1895).

It has been found in Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Sierra County, New Mexico; Yavapai County, Arizona; Needlepoint Mountain, British Columbia; Walrus Island, James Bay, Quebec; Sweden; Cornwall, England; Imalka and Transbaikal, Russia; Kazakhstan; Somalia; Tasmania; Western Australia and Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan.

Sulfide mineral
The sulfide minerals are a class of minerals containing sulfide (S2−) or disulfide (S2−2) as the major anion. Some sulfide minerals are economically important as metal ores. The sulfide class also includes the selenides, the tellurides, the arsenides, the antimonides, the bismuthinides, the sulfarsenides and the sulfosalts.  Sulfide minerals are inorganic compounds.
Verkhneuralsky Uyezd
Verkhneuralsky Uyezd (Верхнеуральский уезд) was one of the subdivisions of the Orenburg Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the central part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Verkhneuralsk.

Verkhneuralsk
Verkhneuralsk (Russian: Верхнеура́льск) is a town and the administrative center of Verkhneuralsky District in Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia, located in the upper streams of the Ural River, 230 kilometers (140 mi) southwest of Chelyabinsk, the administrative center of the oblast. Population:  9,457 (2010 Census); 10,054 (2002 Census); 10,893 (1989 Soviet census).
1868 United States presidential election in Maryland
The 1868 United States presidential election in Maryland took place on November 3, 1868, as part of the 1868 United States presidential election. Voters chose seven representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

Maryland voted for the Democratic nominee, Horatio Seymour over the Republican nominee, Ulysses S. Grant. Seymour won the state by a margin of 34.4%.

In this election, Maryland voted 39.72% more Democratic than the nation at-large.

With 67.2% of the popular vote, Maryland would be Seymour's third strongest victory in terms of percentage in the popular vote after Kentucky and Louisiana. To date this is the best performance by a Democrat in Maryland history.

This was the first presidential election that Wicomico County was able to vote in.

1868 United States presidential election in Louisiana
The 1868 United States presidential election in Louisiana took place on November 3, 1868, as part of the 1868 United States presidential election. Voters chose seven representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

Louisiana voted for the Democratic nominee, former Governor of New York Horatio Seymour, over the Republican nominee, General Ulysses S. Grant. Seymour won the state by a margin of 41.38%.

With 70.69% of the popular vote, Louisiana would be Seymour's second strongest victory in terms of percentage in the popular vote after Kentucky.

As of 2024, this remains the only time that Louisiana has voted Democratic while neighboring Arkansas voted Republican.
Long Island Council of Churches
The Long Island Council of Churches (LICC), a not-for-profit 501(c)(3) organization, coordinates the ecumenical work of churches in Nassau and Suffolk Counties in Long Island, New York.

As of 2004, the LICC represented 800 Protestant churches, and had non-voting representatives from the Catholic, Greek Orthodox, and Jewish communities.  It is located in Hempstead, New York.

Hempstead, New York
The Town of Hempstead is the most populous town in the state of New York. It is the largest of the three towns within Nassau County (alongside North Hempstead and Oyster Bay), located on Long Island, east of Queens. The population was 793,409 at the time of the 2020 census.

It occupies the southwestern part of the county, near the western end of Long Island. A total of 22 incorporated villages (one of which is named Hempstead) are completely or partially within the town.

Hofstra University's campus is located in Hempstead.
Robert Hall (Antiguan politician)
Sir Robert Hall (1909–1994) was a politician of Antigua and Barbuda. Hall was an opponent of the dominant Antigua Labour Party throughout his career. He was politically active mainly during Antigua and Barbuda's time as a West Indies Associated State.

George Walter
Sir George Herbert Walter, KNH (8 September 1928 – 4 March 2008) was an Antiguan politician of the Progressive Labour Movement and Premier of Antigua and Barbuda from 14 February 1971 to 1 February 1976.
1986 Grand Prix de Tennis de Toulouse – Doubles
The 1986 Grand Prix de Tennis de Toulouse was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet in Toulouse, France that was part of the Regular Series of the 1986 Grand Prix tennis circuit. It was the fifth edition of the tournament and was held from 6 October to 12 October.

1986 Grand Prix (tennis)
The 1986 Nabisco Grand Prix was the only tennis circuit held that year. The tour consisted of 70 tournaments in 23 different countries. It incorporated three of the four grand slam tournaments, three World Championship Tennis tournaments and the Grand Prix tournaments. The season ending Masters tournament was moved from the January slot to December.
Raja Yoga (book)
Raja Yoga is a book by Swami Vivekananda about "Raja Yoga", his interpretation of Patanjali's Yoga Sutras adapted for a Western audience. The book was published in July 1896. It became an instant success and was highly influential in the Western understanding of yoga.

Animal magnetism
Animal magnetism, also known as mesmerism, is a pseudoscientific theory promoted by German physician Franz Mesmer in the 18th century. It posits the existence of an invisible natural force (Lebensmagnetismus) possessed by all living things, including humans, animals, and vegetables. He claimed that the force could have physical effects, including healing.

The vitalist theory attracted numerous followers in Europe and the United States and was popular into the 19th century. Practitioners were often known as magnetizers rather than mesmerists. It had an important influence in medicine for about 75 years from its beginnings in 1779, and continued to have some influence for another 50 years. Hundreds of books were written on the subject between 1766 and 1925, but it is no longer practiced today except as a form of alternative medicine in some places. This theory also had a strong influence on the development of Kardecism.
Butterfly stop
Butterfly (Chinese: 蝴蝶) is an MTR Light Rail stop. It is located at ground level at Lung Mun Road, near Butterfly Estate and Siu Shan Court, in Tuen Mun District. It began service on 18 September 1988 and belongs to Zone 1.

Light Rail (MTR)
The Light Rail, also known as the Light Rail Transit (LRT) (and formerly known as KCR Light Rail until 2 December 2007), officially the North-West Railway, is a light rail system in Hong Kong, serving the northwestern New Territories, within Tuen Mun District and Yuen Long District. The system operates over 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge track, using 750 V DC overhead power supply. It was once one of four systems comprising the KCR network in Hong Kong, before the MTR–KCR merger in 2007. It has a daily ridership of about 483,000 people. The network is coloured goldenrod on the MTR map.
Heritage Stakes
The Heritage Stakes is a Listed flat horse race in Ireland open to horses aged four years or older.
It is run at Leopardstown over a distance of 1 mile (1,609 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in April.

The race was first run in 2004.

Leopardstown Racecourse
Leopardstown Racecourse 53°15′57″N 6°11′21″W﻿ / ﻿53.26583°N 6.18917°W﻿ / 53.26583; -6.18917 is a horse-racing course in Leopardstown, approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) south of Dublin city centre, in Ireland. Like the majority of Irish courses, it hosts both National Hunt and Flat racing.

Built by Captain George Quin and modelled on Sandown Park Racecourse in England, it was completed in 1888 and acquired by the Horse Racing Board of Ireland in 1967. Many important races are held there; racing takes place all year round, with about 22 meetings per year.

In 1941, Royal Air Force pilot Hugh Verity, who flew many secret agents at night into and out of farm fields in France, force-landed on the racecourse. He was interned briefly before escaping back to England.

The Leopardstown Hall of Fame honours famous Irish horse racing trainers, jockeys and horses, including Vincent O'Brien, Tom Dreaper, Pat Taaffe and Pat Eddery, Arkle, Dawn Run, Levmoss and Nijinsky.
Armando Villegas
Armando Villegas (1926 – 29 December 2013) was a Peruvian-born Colombian painter whose career spanned nearly six decades. He produced more than 15,000 works, notably the "guerreros" (warriors) series, and helped establish Colombian contemporary art institutions.

Eduardo Ramírez Villamizar
Eduardo Ramírez Villamizar (27 August 1922 – 24 August 2004) was a Colombian painter and sculptor. He is considered a pioneer of abstract, minimalist, and Constructivist art in Colombia, and in Latin America more broadly.
Scupper
A scupper is an opening in the side walls of a vessel or an open-air structure, which allows water to drain instead of pooling within the bulwark or gunwales of a vessel, or within the curbing or walls of a building.

There are two main kinds of scuppers:

Ships have scuppers at deck level, to allow for ocean or rainwater drain-off.

Buildings with railed rooftops may have scuppers to let rainwater drain instead of pooling within the railing. Scuppers can also be placed in a parapet, for the same purpose.

Gunwale
The gunwale (/ˈɡʌnəl/) is the top edge of the hull of a ship or boat.

Originally the structure was the "gun wale" on a sailing warship, a horizontal reinforcing band added at and above the level of a gun deck to offset the stresses created by firing artillery. Over time it remained as a valuable stiffener mounted inboard of the sheer strake on commercial and recreational craft. In modern boats, it is the top edge of the hull where there is usually some form of stiffening, often in the form of traditional wooden boat construction members called the "inwale" and "outwale".

On a canoe, the gunwale is typically the widened edge at the top of its hull,  reinforced with wood, plastic or aluminum, to carry the thwarts.

On a narrowboat or canal boat, the gunwale is synonymous with the side deck—a narrow ledge running the full length of the craft.
Stigmella dryadella
Stigmella dryadella is a moth of the family Nepticulidae. It is found from Fennoscandia and northern Russia to the Pyrenees and Italy, and from Ireland to Romania.

The wingspan is 4.5-5.5 mm. The greyish-brown antennae are just over half the forewing length. The forewings have a basal greenish sheen, either side of the silvery transverse band they are brown with a purple sheen. The hindwings are grey.

The larvae feed on Dryas octopetala. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

Dryas octopetala
Dryas octopetala, the mountain avens, eightpetal mountain-avens, white dryas or white dryad, is an Arctic–alpine flowering plant in the family Rosaceae. It is a small prostrate evergreen subshrub forming large colonies. The specific epithet octopetala derives from Greek octo 'eight' and petalon 'petal', referring to the eight petals of the flower, an unusual number in the Rosaceae, where five is the normal number. However, flowers with up to 16 petals also occur naturally.

As a floral emblem, it is the official territorial flower of the Northwest Territories and the national flower of Iceland.
Hataki
A hataki (叩き) is a type of household cleaning tool that originated in Japan. Consisting of durable cloth strips attached to a stick or pole, it is used for moving dust from surfaces onto the floor where it can be swept up or vacuumed. Similar to a feather duster, it is not to be confused with an ōnusa.

This duster, made of a bamboo pole and cloth strips, is a fixture in every Japanese home.

The hataki does not trap dust but, with its familiar sound, pushes it onto the floor where it can be swept up.

Feather duster
A feather duster is a cleaning tool that is typically made from a wooden dowel handle onto which feathers are wound with a wire. The feathers are most often 14 to 32 inches (36 to 81 cm) long.  Some dusters have a retractable casing instead of a dowel handle and these are typically used by rack-jobbers and truck drivers who need to clean store shelves, and can retract the feathers into the handle to avoid damage.

Feather dusters serve the same function as soft brooms or brushes, except that they are only meant to remove loose superficial dust from delicate surfaces (such as paintings and papercrafts) or around fragile items (such as porcelain and glassware).  They are effective in cleaning tight areas, or areas where there are many odds and ends. The individual feathers are flexible and can reach into gaps and crevices without disturbing the surrounding, and the tiny barbules on the feathers themselves that act as "fingers" to collect and remove dust particles.
Cycling at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Men's team time trial
The men's team time trial was a road bicycle racing event held as part of the cycling at the 1912 Summer Olympics programme. It was the first appearance of the event. The competition was held on Sunday July 7, 1912.

Each nation that sent at least four cyclists to the individual time trial was also considered to have competed as a team. The times of the top four cyclists for each nation were summed to give a total team time, with the best total times winning. Great Britain had three teams, as the English, Irish, and Scottish cyclists were considered separate.

Belgium, Canada, and South Africa did not send enough cyclists to make a team.

Three teams did not have enough cyclists finish to earn a valid team score. Only three of Bohemia's five cyclists finished, as did three of Norway's six. Only one of Russia's ten cyclists finished.

Cycling at the 1912 Summer Olympics
At the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm, one cycling event was contested on Sunday, 7 July. This event was a time trial which also counted as an individual race. For the only time in Olympic history, no track cycling events were held.
2012 Women's European Volleyball League
The 2012 Women's European Volleyball League was the fourth edition of the annual Women's European Volleyball League, which featured women's national volleyball teams from twelve European countries. A preliminary league round was played from June 1 to June 30, and the final four tournament, which was held at the Czech Republic on July 5–6, 2012.

During the league round, competing nations were drawn into three pools of four teams, and every team hosted a tournament with three other teams and playing a round-robin system over three days. One standings table was used, combined with all four tournaments. The Pool winners and the best runner up qualified for the final four round, joining the host team. If the final four host team finished first in its league round pool, the best pool runners-up qualified for the final four.

The Czech Republic defeated Bulgaria 3–0 in the final.

Women's European Volleyball League
The Women's European Volleyball League is a continental volleyball competition for senior women's national volleyball teams of Europe, organized by the European Volleyball Confederation (CEV). Created in 2009, the competition served as a qualifying tournament for the FIVB World Grand Prix (until 2016) and its successor the FIVB Challenger Cup since 2018.

This event should not be confused with the other, more prestigious, continental competition for European national volleyball teams, the European Volleyball Championship.
Francesco Marconi
Francesco Marconi (14 May 1853 [or 1855] – 5 February 1916) was an operatic tenor from Rome who enjoyed an important international career. In 1924, a reputable biographical dictionary of musicians called him 'one of the most renowned and esteemed singers of the last 50 years'. Along with his great contemporary Francesco Tamagno (1850–1905), he is the earliest Italian tenor to have left a representative legacy of acoustic recordings.

Requiem (Verdi)
The Messa da Requiem is a musical setting of the Catholic funeral mass (Requiem) for four soloists, double choir and orchestra by Giuseppe Verdi. It was composed in memory of Alessandro Manzoni, whom Verdi admired, and is therefore also referred to as the Manzoni Requiem. The first performance, at the San Marco church in Milan on 22 May 1874, conducted by the composer, marked the first anniversary of Manzoni's death. It was followed three days later by the same performers at La Scala. Verdi conducted his work at major venues in Europe.

Verdi composed the music for the last part of the text, Libera me, first, as his contribution to the Messa per Rossini, which he had begun after Gioachino Rossini had died.

Considered too operatic to be performed in a liturgical setting, the Requiem is usually given in concert form; a performance lasts around 90 minutes. Musicologist David Rosen calls it "probably the most frequently performed major choral work composed after Mozart's Requiem".