hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
P. H. Fearon
Percy Hutton Fearon (6 September 1874 – 5 November 1948) was a British cartoonist who worked for the Evening News and the Daily Mail, where he drew under the pseudonym "Poy".

He was born in Shanghai to Robert Inglis Fearon. He was educated at an art school in New York and at Hubert von Herkomer's art school. He began his career drawing cartoons for Judy before joining the Manchester Evening Chronicle in 1905. He then drew for the Sunday Chronicle and the Daily Dispatch before joining the Evening News in 1913, where he would remain until 1935. From 1935 until his retirement in 1938 he drew for the Daily Mail.

During his 34-year career he drew 10,000 cartoons and his characters included "John Citizen", "Cuthbert" (a First World War conscientious objector), "Dilly" and "Dally", and "Dora". As a tribute to Winston Churchill for his 80th birthday in 1954, 50 cartoons of Churchill by Fearon were published in a commemorative volume.

Bushey
Bushey is a town in the Hertsmere borough of Hertfordshire in the East of England. It had a population of 25,328 in the 2011 census, rising to 28,416 in the 2021 census, an increase of 12.19%. This makes Bushey the second most populated town in Hertsmere. Bushey Heath is a large neighbourhood south east of Bushey on the boundary with the London Borough of Harrow reaching elevations of 165 metres (541 ft) above sea level.
Cyril A. Stebbins
Cyril Adelbert Stebbins (1880–1953) was an American educator involved with nature and agricultural education. His publications in the early twentieth century were influential in promoting gardening in children's education, and he wrote much of the curriculum for the United States School Garden Army, a federal victory garden project during World War I.  He wrote several publications with Ernest Brown Babcock and  published several field guides to birds with his son Robert C. Stebbins.

Victory garden
Victory gardens, also called war gardens or food gardens for defense, were vegetable, fruit, and herb gardens planted at private residences and public parks in  the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and Germany during World War I and World War II. In wartime, governments encouraged people to plant victory gardens not only to supplement their rations but also to boost morale. They were used along with rationing stamps and cards to reduce pressure on the food supply. Besides indirectly aiding the war effort, these gardens were also considered a civil "morale booster" in that gardeners could feel empowered by their contribution of labor and rewarded by the produce grown. This made victory gardens a part of daily life on the home front.
Mikindani
Mikindani (Mji wa kale wa Mikindani in Swahili) is a historic coastal town located in Mtwara-Mikindani District of Mtwara Region in Tanzania. The name comes from the Swahili word mikinda which means "young coconut trees". Therefore, the term "Mikindani', literally means "the place where there are young coconut trees" in old Swahili language. Mikindani is part of the city of Mtwara and is governed by the Mtwara Mikindani Municipal Council. The site is a registered National Historic Site.

Mtwara Region
Mtwara Region (Mkoa wa Mtwara in Swahili)  is one of Tanzania's 31 administrative regions, with its capital as the municipality of Mtwara. Mtwara Region is home to one of the most influential peoples in Tanzania, the Makonde. Mtwara is home to Tanzania's 3rd president Benjamin Mkapa and is home to a number of influential artists. The boundary with Mozambique to the south is formed by the Ruvuma River. To the west, Mtwara is bordered by Ruvuma Region, to the north by Lindi Region, and to the east is the Indian Ocean.

Mtwara Region is known for being the nation's largest producer of cashew nuts. According to the 2012 national census, the region had a population of 1,270,854, which was lower than the pre-census projection of 1,374,767.: page 2  For 2002-2012, the region's 1.2 percent average annual population growth rate was the 26th highest in the country.: page 4  It was also the fourteenth most densely populated region with 76 people per square kilometer.: page 6
Kevin C. Dittman
Kevin C. Dittman (born ca. 1960) is an American computer scientist, IT consultant and Professor of Information Technology at the Purdue University, especially known for his textbook Systems analysis and design methods written with Lonnie D. Bentley and Jeffrey L. Whitten, which is in its 7th edition.

Dittman received his BS in Computer Science from Purdue University in 1981 and his MA in Management Information Systems from the Florida Institute of Technology. He started his career in industry as programmer and analyst at an engineering company in 1981. From 1982 to 1985 he was systems analyst at a machine industry company. In 1985 he started at Lockheed Martin, where from 1985 to 1995 he was systems engineer, and from 1995 to 2011 consultant in the fields of Information Technology, Systems Engineering, Quality management, Process Management, and Project Management. In 1995 Dittman was appointed Professor of Information Technology at the Purdue University.

Management information system
A management information system (MIS) is an information system used for decision-making, and for the coordination, control, analysis, and visualization of information in an organization. The study of the management information systems involves people, processes and technology in an organizational context. In other words, it serves, as the functions of controlling, planning, decision making in the management level setting.

In a corporate setting, the ultimate goal of using management information system is to increase the value and profits of the business.
Shine on Rainy Day
Shine on Rainy Day is the second studio album by American singer-songwriter Brent Cobb. It was released on October 7, 2016, via Low Country Sound/Elektra Records. Recording sessions took place at Low Country Sound Studios in Nashville. Production was handled by his cousin Dave Cobb.

The album peaked at number 17 on the Top Country Albums and number 16 on the Americana/Folk Albums charts in the United States. At the 60th Annual Grammy Awards, it received a Grammy Award for Best Americana Album nomination, but lost to Jason Isbell's The Nashville Sound.

Dave Cobb
Dave Cobb (born July 9, 1974) is an American record producer based in Nashville, Tennessee, best known for producing the work of Chris Stapleton, Brandi Carlile, John Prine, Sturgill Simpson, Jason Isbell, The Highwomen, Take That, Rival Sons, The Oak Ridge Boys, Shooter Jennings, and Zayn Malik.  Cobb contributed to the six million-selling 2018 A Star Is Born soundtrack and produced "Always Remember Us This Way" for Lady Gaga.
Coenophila subrosea
Coenophila subrosea, the rosy marsh moth, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by the English entomologist, James Francis Stephens in 1829, from a moth found at Whittlesea, Cambridgeshire, England. It is found in Asia and Europe.

Whittlesey
Whittlesey (also Whittlesea) is a market town and civil parish in the Fenland district of Cambridgeshire, England. Whittlesey is 6 miles (10 km) east of Peterborough. In 2021 the built-up area had a population of 13,823. The population of the parish  was 17,667 at the 2021 Census.
The Night Revels of Han Xizai
The Night Revels of Han Xizai or The Night Entertainments of Han Xizai (traditional Chinese: 韓熙載夜宴圖; simplified Chinese: 韩熙载夜宴图; pinyin: Hán Xīzaì Yèyàn Tú) is a painted handscroll attributed to Chinese 10th-century artist Gu Hongzhong. The painting depicts Han Xizai, a minister from Southern Tang under the imperial government of emperor Li Yu, accompanied with realistic portrayals of more than forty people. Two copies of the artwork survived: a reproduction from the Song Dynasty, currently housed in the Palace Museum at Beijing; and a replica from the Ming Dynasty, under the collection of the Three Gorges Museum at Chongqing. The painting is highly regarded as one of the greatest masterpieces of Chinese art.

Han Xizai
Han Xizai (Chinese: 韓熙載) (902 – August 31, 970), courtesy name Shuyan (叔言), was an official of the Yang Wu and Southern Tang dynasties during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period of China, known for his skill in writing and calligraphy.
PTAS reduction
In computational complexity theory, a PTAS reduction is an approximation-preserving reduction that is often used to perform reductions between solutions to optimization problems. It preserves the property that a problem has a polynomial time approximation scheme (PTAS) and is used to define completeness for certain classes of optimization problems such as APX. Notationally, if there is a PTAS reduction from a problem A to a problem B, we write .

With ordinary polynomial-time many-one reductions, if we can describe a reduction from a problem A to a problem B, then any polynomial-time solution for B can be composed with that reduction to obtain a polynomial-time solution for the problem A. Similarly, our goal in defining PTAS reductions is so that given a PTAS reduction from an optimization problem A to a problem B, a PTAS for B can be composed with the reduction to obtain a PTAS for the problem A.

Optimization problem
In mathematics, engineering, computer science and economics, an optimization problem is the problem of finding the best solution from all feasible solutions.

Optimization problems can be divided into two categories, depending on whether the variables are continuous or discrete:

An optimization problem with discrete variables is known as a discrete optimization, in which an object such as an integer, permutation or graph must be found from a countable set.

A problem with continuous variables is known as a continuous optimization, in which an optimal value from a continuous function must be found. They can include constrained problems and multimodal problems.
Otley Bridge
Otley Bridge is a seven arch stone bridge that crosses the River Wharfe in Otley, England. The original bridge was completed in 1229 and has been repaired and upgraded multiple times over the years. The original structure was commissioned by the Archbishop of York in 1228 and is now a scheduled monument. In its present form the bridge carries B6451 (Bridge Street) over the River Wharfe, with two-way road traffic and a pedestrian walkway.

Archbishop of York
The archbishop of York is a senior bishop in the Church of England, second only to the archbishop of Canterbury. The archbishop is the diocesan bishop of the Diocese of York and the metropolitan bishop of the province of York, which covers the northern regions of England (north of the Trent) as well as the Isle of Man.

The archbishop's throne (cathedra) is in York Minster in central York, and the official residence is Bishopthorpe Palace in the village of Bishopthorpe outside York. The current archbishop is Stephen Cottrell, since the confirmation of his election on 9 July 2020.
Fish Springs Range
The Fish Springs Range is a 16-mile (26 km) long narrow, and north-trending mountain range located in center-west Juab County, Utah. The northeast of the range borders the Fish Springs National Wildlife Refuge; the entire east of the range borders the Fish Springs Flat, where the east region of the flat borders the Thomas Range.

The Fish Springs Range lies at the south of the Great Salt Lake Desert; southwards, as well as southwest and southeastwards, north-trending valleys and mountain ranges drain northwards to the Great Salt Lake Desert. The sequence of these landforms west-to-east, are Snake Valley (Great Basin), Confusion Range, Tule Valley-(Fish Springs Range-north), House Range, Whirlwind Valley, and Drum Mountains.

The south of the range borders the north of Tule Valley.

Snake Valley (Great Basin)
Snake Valley is a north-south trending valley that straddles the Nevada–Utah border in the central Great Basin. It is bound by the Snake Range and the Deep Creek Mountains to the west and the Confusion Range to the east. The valley is the gateway to Great Basin National Park and Lehman Caves, which are located in the western part of the valley and on the southern Snake Range.
Vanguard TV-0
Vanguard TV-0, also called Vanguard Test Vehicle-Zero, was the first sub-orbital test flight of a Viking rocket as part of the Project Vanguard.

Project Vanguard was a program managed by the United States Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), and designed and built by the Glenn L. Martin Company (now Lockheed-Martin), which intended to launch the first artificial satellite into Earth orbit using a Vanguard rocket, powered by a basic design for large liquid rockets. as the launch vehicle from Cape Canaveral Missile Annex, Florida.

Liquid-propellant rocket
Liquid rocket fuel.

Oxidizer.

Pumps carry the fuel and oxidizer.

The combustion chamber mixes and burns the two liquids.

Combustion product gasses enter the nozzle through a throat.

Exhaust exits the rocket.

A liquid-propellant rocket or liquid rocket uses a rocket engine burning liquid propellants. (Alternate approaches use gaseous or solid propellants.) Liquids are desirable propellants because they have reasonably high density and their combustion products have high specific impulse (Isp). This allows the volume of the propellant tanks to be relatively low.
Celest (restaurant)
Celest is a fine dining restaurant and bar in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. The restaurant is situated on the 57th and 58th floor of De Zalmhaven tower at a height 190 meters, making it the heighest horeca business in the Benelux.

Hospitality industry
The hospitality industry is a broad category of fields within the service industry that includes lodging, food and beverage services, event planning, theme parks, travel agency, tourism, hotels, restaurants, nightclubs, and bars.
Gündoğdu, Manavgat
Gündoğdu (Greek name before 1915: Prastos) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Manavgat, Antalya Province, Turkey. Its population is 2,082 (2022). Before the 2013 reorganisation, it was a town (belde). It has many hotels and a long beach which end up at the harbor of Side.

Manavgat
Manavgat is a municipality and district of Antalya Province, Turkey. Its area is 2,351 km2, and its population is 252,941 (2022). It is 75 km (47 mi) from the city of Antalya. The Manavgat River has a waterfall near the city.
Teaching Philosophy
Teaching Philosophy is a peer-reviewed academic journal devoted to the practical and theoretical discussion of teaching and learning philosophy, that is philosophy education. Established by Arnold Wilson in 1975, it has published more than 2,500 articles and reviews in this field. Notable contributors include Norman Bowie, Myles Brand, Peter Caws, Angela Davis, Daniel Dennett, Alasdair MacIntyre, Rosalind Ladd, Michael Pritchard, Anita Silvers, and Robert C. Solomon. Members of the American Association of Philosophy Teachers and the Philosophy Learning and Teaching Organization have access as a benefit of membership. This journal has a Level 1 classification from the Publication Forum of the Federation of Finnish Learned Societies. and a SHERPA/RoMEO "green" self-archiving policy. It is published on behalf of the Teaching Philosophy Association by the Philosophy Documentation Center.

Norman E. Bowie
Norman E. Bowie is an American philosopher and business ethicist, known for his work in corporate responsibility and the application of Kantian ethics to business. He is Professor Emeritus at the University of Minnesota, where he held the Elmer L. Andersen Chair in Corporate Responsibility.

He is an important voice in ongoing debates over business ethics, in which his own voice has been in favor of the Kantian view of ethics (in business as elsewhere) as a Kingdom of Ends.
Karayayla, Tarsus
Karayayla is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Tarsus, Mersin Province, Turkey. Its population is 205 (2022). It is situated in Çukurova (Cilicia of the antiquity) to the northeast of Tarsus and the junction of the motor ways O.21 and O.52. The village is slightly elevated with respect to the plains. Its distance to Tarsus is 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) and its distance to Mersin is 40 kilometres (25 mi). The main economic activity of the village is agriculture. Grapes are the major crop of the village.

Çukurova
Çukurova (Turkish pronunciation: [tʃuˈkuɾova]), or the Cilician Plain (Cilicia Pedias in antiquity), is a large fertile plain in the Cilicia region of southern Anatolia. The plain covers the easternmost areas of Mersin Province, southern and central Adana Province, western Osmaniye Province and northwestern Hatay Province.
Porta Nuova (Verona)
Porta Nuova is a gateway to the historic center of Verona, built between 1532 and 1540. It was designed by architect Michele Sanmicheli. Giorgio Vasari remarked on the gateway in his work Le vite de' più eccellenti pittori, scultori e architettori, stating that "never before [had there been] any other work of more grandeur or better design."

Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects
The Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects (Italian: Le vite de' più eccellenti pittori, scultori, e architettori) is a series of artist biographies written by 16th-century Italian painter and architect Giorgio Vasari, which is considered "perhaps the most famous, and even today the most-read work of the older literature of art", "some of the Italian Renaissance's most influential writing on art", and "the first important book on art history".

Vasari published The Lives in two editions with substantial differences between them; the first edition, two volumes, in 1550 and the second, three volumes, in 1568 (which is the one usually translated and referred to). One important change was the increased attention paid to Venetian art in the second edition, even though Vasari still was, and has ever since been, criticised for an excessive emphasis on the art of his native Florence.
Kuna Crest Granodiorite
Kuna Crest Granodiorite (also called Granodiorite of Glen Aulin), is found, in Yosemite National Park, United States. The granodiorite forms part of the Tuolumne Intrusive Suite (aka Tuolumne Batholith), one of the four major intrusive suites within the Sierra Nevada. Of the Tuolumne Intrusive Suite, it is the oldest and darkest rock.

Kuna Crest granodiorite forms most of the outer part of the Tuolumne Intrusive Suite, on the edges.

Hornblende
Hornblende is a complex inosilicate series of minerals. It is not a recognized mineral in its own right, but the name is used as a general or field term, to refer to a dark amphibole. Hornblende minerals are common in igneous and metamorphic rocks.

The general formula is (Ca,Na)2−3(Mg,Fe,Al)5(Al,Si)8O22(OH,F)2.
Königsheide (Fichtel Mountains)
The Königsheide is a high, forested ridge, made of gneiss-phyllite rock in the Fichtel Mountains in Bavaria, Germany. It is located to the southwest of the Ochsenkopf mountain. It is bordered to the east and south by the river of the Warme Steinach, and to the west by the Franconian Line. The villages of Warmensteinach and Weidenberg and the town of Goldkronach lie on the Königsheide.

In a narrower sense the Königsheide refers to the partly boggy high plateau around its highest peak, the Hohberg (863 m above sea level (NN)).
The origin of the name of this forested ridge has not been fully established. In 1317 the region was called Wulwingesheide and then, in 1542, the Königsheide ("King's Heath").

Franconian Line
The  Franconian Line (German: Fränkische Linie) is a geological fault in south-eastern Germany that forms the border between the South German Scarplands in the west and the Fichtel Mountains in the east.

The Franconian Line was formed as part of the Variscan orogenesis and was most active between 100 and 50 million years ago, when the Fichtel, with its blocks of Hercynian granite, pre-Hercynian gneissess and Palaeozoic metasedimentary rocks were uplifted above its forelands that were later filled with Mesozoic-Tertiary sediments. The vertical displacement is as least 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) near Wirsberg and in some cases maybe close to 10,000 metres (33,000 ft).
Paul Balban
The Hon. Paul John Balban is a former Gibraltarian politician, State Registered Dietitian and former taxi driver. He was first elected to the Gibraltar Parliament at the 2011 general elections and was a Gibraltar Government Minister until 12 October 2023, member of the Gibraltar Socialist Labour Party (GSLP). He is married and has three daughters. On 15 September 2023, he announced that he and fellow party MPs and Ministers, Albert Isola and Samantha Sacramento, would not stand for re-election.

The Honourable
The Honourable (Commonwealth English) or The Honorable (American English; see spelling differences) (abbreviation: Hon., Hon'ble, or variations) is an honorific style that is used as a prefix before the names or titles of certain people, usually with official governmental or diplomatic positions.
2Xtreme
2Xtreme (released as Street Games '97 in Japan) is a racing video game developed by Sony Interactive Studios America and published by Sony Computer Entertainment for the PlayStation. It is a sequel to ESPN Extreme Games and unlike its predecessor, the game does not bear ESPN licensing. In it, the player races against others in various events around the world using  Rollerblading, skateboarding, biking, and snowboarding. A sequel, 3Xtreme, was released in 1999.

Snowboarding
Snowboarding is a recreational and competitive activity that involves descending a snow-covered surface while standing on a snowboard that is always attached to a rider's feet. It features in the Winter Olympic Games and Winter Paralympic Games.

Snowboarding was developed in the United States, inspired by skiing and skateboarding, which itself was inspired by surfing. Snowboarding became popular around the world in the late 20th century and was introduced as a Winter Olympic Sport at Nagano in 1998 and featured in the Winter Paralympics at Sochi in 2014. As of 2015, its popularity (as measured by equipment sales) in the United States peaked in 2007 and has been in a decline since.
Teddy Dye
Edward Dye (7 August 1879 – 25 January 1942) was a New Zealand trade unionist and miner.

Dye was born in Timaru, and lived in Australia as a youth. He was president for twenty years of the Ohinemuri Miners' Union and the New Zealand Gold Mine Employees' Federation. Blacklisted after the 1912 Waihi miners' strike, he broke in a dairy farm from the bush for eight years before returning to the Waihi gold mines.

On 29 July 1937, Dye was elected a member of the Waihi Borough Council. He was re-elected for a further three years at the local elections the following year, but stood down at the 1941 local elections.

Dye was a member of the New Zealand Legislative Council, appointed by the Labour Government, from 9 March 1936 to 25 January 1942,  when he died from miner's phthisis.

Ohinemuri County
Ohinemuri County was one of the counties of New Zealand of the North Island.

The Ohinemuri County Council first met on 17 November 1885. It was formed from a portion of Thames County. A 1919 petition resulted in loss of the western part of the area to a new Hauraki Plains County in 1920.

The county was abolished through the 1989 local government reforms.

The population was 1,516 in 1891, 3,056 in 1945 and 5,579 in 1986.

In 1923 Ohinemuri County covered 253 sq mi (660 km2) and had a population of 2,678, with 66 mi (106 km) of gravel roads, 55 mi (89 km) of mud roads and 50 mi (80 km) of tracks.

The 1911 Italianate county offices at 41 Belmont Road, Paeroa, were used by the county until 1986. They are now used by Hauraki Māori Trust Board and protected by an A Category listing in Hauraki District Plan.