hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chaotropic activity
Chaotropicity describes the entropic disordering of lipid bilayers and other biomacromolecules which is caused by substances dissolved in water. According to the original usage and work carried out on cellular stress mechanisms and responses, chaotropic substances do not necessarily disorder the structure of water.

The chaotropic activities of solutes in the aqueous phase (e.g. ethanol, butanol, urea, MgCl2, and phenol) have been quantified using an agar-gelation assay. Whereas chaotropicity was first applied to studies of ions, it is equally applicable to alcohols, aromatics, ion mixtures, and other solutes. Furthermore, hydrophobic substances known to stress cellular systems (including benzene and toluene) can chaotropically disorder macromolecules and induce a chaotrope-stress response in microbial cells, even though they partition into the hydrophobic domains of macromolecular systems.

Magnesium chloride
Magnesium chloride is an inorganic compound with the formula MgCl2. It forms hydrates MgCl2·nH2O, where n can range from 1 to 12. These salts are colorless or white solids that are highly soluble in water. These compounds and their solutions, both of which occur in nature, have a variety of practical uses. Anhydrous magnesium chloride is the principal precursor to magnesium metal, which is produced on a large scale. Hydrated magnesium chloride is the form most readily available.
Cross Lake (Manitoba)
Cross Lake is a large lake in Manitoba on the Nelson River north of Lake Winnipeg. It is long and narrow and extends 102 kilometres (63 mi) east-northeast.

The Nelson River west channel enters the lake at the Jenpeg Dam and the Nelson River east channel enters near the communities of Cross Lake and Cross Lake First Nation. The river then flows north to Sipiwesk Lake. The Minago River enters on the west.

The lake level is regulated by Manitoba Hydro at the Jenpeg Generating Station (54°32′36″N 98°1′36″W﻿ / ﻿54.54333°N 98.02667°W﻿ / 54.54333; -98.02667﻿ (Jenpeg)) at the southern end of the lake.

Manitoba Hydro
The Manitoba Hydro-Electric Board, operating as Manitoba Hydro, is the electric power and natural gas utility in the province of Manitoba, Canada. Founded in 1961, it is a provincial Crown Corporation, governed by the Manitoba Hydro-Electric Board and the Manitoba Hydro Act. Today the company operates 16 interconnected generating stations. It has more than 527,000 electric power customers and more than 263,000 natural gas customers. Since most of the electrical energy is provided by hydroelectric power, the utility has low electricity rates. Stations in Northern Manitoba are connected by a HVDC system, the Nelson River Bipole, to customers in the south. The internal staff are members of the Canadian Union of Public Employees Local 998 while the outside workers are members of the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers Local 2034.

Manitoba Hydro headquarters in the downtown Winnipeg Manitoba Hydro Place officially opened in 2009.
Bulat Yesmagambetov
Bulat Zholdasuly Yesmagambetov (Kazakh: Болат Жолдасұлы Есмағамбетов; born 1 April 1968) is a retired football forward from Kazakhstan. He obtained a total number of seven caps for the Kazakhstan national football team during his career, scoring three goals.

Kazakhstan national football team
The Kazakhstan national football team (Kazakh: Қазақстан Ұлттық футбол құрамасы, Qazaqstan Ūlttyq Futbol qūramasy, [qɑzɑqˈstɑn ʊɫt̚ˈtɤq fʊdˈboɫ qʊrɑmɑˈsə]) represents Kazakhstan in men's international football and it is governed by the Kazakhstan Football Federation. They split from the Soviet Union national team after independence in 1991 and joined the Asian Football Confederation's Central Asian Football Federation. After failing to qualify for the 1998 and 2002 FIFA World Cups, they joined UEFA, but are yet to qualify for a FIFA World Cup or a UEFA European Championship.
Blytheville High School
Blytheville High School is a comprehensive public high school for students in grades nine through twelve located in Blytheville, Arkansas, United States. It is one of six public high schools in Mississippi County, Arkansas and the only high school managed by the Blytheville School District.

The school serves most of Blytheville and all of Burdette.

Mississippi County, Arkansas
Mississippi County is the easternmost county in the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 40,685. There are two county seats, Blytheville and Osceola. The county is named for the Mississippi River which borders the county to the east. Mississippi County is part of the First Congressional District in Arkansas.

The Blytheville, AR Micropolitan Statistical Area includes all of Mississippi County.
David M. Rowe
David M. Rowe is an American political scientist and the Harry M. Clor Professor of Political Science at Kenyon College where he held the R. Todd Ruppert Chair for International Studies from 2010-2012.
Rowe has held the Fulbright Distinguished Chair in Humanities and Social Sciences at the University of Innsbruck.
Previously he taught at Ohio State University.

Kenyon College
Kenyon College (/ˈkɛnjən/ KEN-yən) is a private liberal arts college in Gambier, Ohio, United States. It was founded in 1824 by Episcopal Bishop Philander Chase. It is the oldest private institution of higher education in the state of Ohio and enrolls approximately 1,800 undergraduate students. Students can choose from over 50 majors, minors, and concentrations, including self-designed majors.

The college is located on a hill overlooking the Kokosing River and neighbors Mount Vernon, Ohio. Its 1,000-acre (400 ha) campus is set in rural surroundings that host seven ecosystems. There are more than 120 student clubs and organizations. Kenyon athletes are called Owls and compete in the NCAA Division III North Coast Athletic Conference. Kenyon College is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.
ROSEN Group
ROSEN Group is a global technology company headquartered in Stans that specializes in the research, development, production, operation of inspection devices for pipelines and other complex technical systems. It offers its services and products to the oil and gas industry and other sectors.

In November 2023, the former family business was acquired by Partners Group for an undisclosed amount.

Technology company
A technology company (or tech company) is a company that focuses primarily on the manufacturing, support, research and development of—most commonly computing, telecommunication and consumer electronics–based—technology-intensive products and services, which include businesses relating to digital electronics, software, optics, new energy, and Internet-related services such as cloud storage and e-commerce services. Big Tech refers to the 6 largest companies, both in the United States and globally, symbolized by the metonym 'Silicon Valley', where 4 of them are based.
Ricardo E. Latcham
Ricardo Eduardo Latcham Cartwright (Thornbury, England, 5 March 1869 – Santiago, Chile, 16 October 1943) was an English-Chilean archaeologist, ethnologist, folklore scholar and teacher.

Born and raised near Bristol, England, as Richard Edward Latcham, he immigrated as a young man to Chile. There he became known for his ethnological and archeological work related to the indigenous Mapuche, Diaguita and Chango peoples.

He worked for the Chilean National Museum of Natural History. Based on his contributions, he was selected as a member of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland.

Latcham married in Chile and had a son with his wife. Their son is Ricardo A. Latcham, known as an Anglo-Chilean writer and historian.

Ethnology
Ethnology (from the Ancient Greek: ἔθνος, ethnos meaning 'nation') is an academic field and discipline that compares and analyzes the characteristics of different peoples and the relationships between them (compare cultural, social, or sociocultural anthropology).
Rykov's second government
Rykov's Second Government was the cabinet of the Soviet Union established on February 2, 1924, with Alexei Rykov as the head of government, serving as the President of the Council of People's Commissars after Lenin's death on January 21, 1924.

It ended on May 21, 1925, when the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union approved a new composition of the Sovnarkom.

Council of People's Commissars of the Soviet Union
The Council of People's Commissars of the Soviet Union was the highest executive and administrative organ of state authority of the Soviet Union from 1923 to 1946.

As the government of the Soviet Union, the Council of People's Commissars of the Soviet Union and the People's Commissariats led by it played a key role in such significant events for the country and society as the economic recovery after the Civil War, the New Economic Policy, agricultural collectivization, electrification, industrialization, five-year plans for the development of national economy, censorship, the fight against religion, repression and political persecution, the Gulag, the deportation of peoples, the annexation of the Baltic States and other territories by the Soviet Union, the organization of the partisan movement, the organization of industrial production in the rear during the Great Patriotic War.

In 1946, it was transformed into the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union.
Nanchang Q-5
The Nanchang Q-5 (Chinese: 强-5; pinyin: Qiang-5; NATO reporting name: Fantan), also known as the A-5 in its export versions, is a 1960s-design Chinese-built single-seat, twin jet engine ground-attack aircraft based on the Shenyang J-6. The aircraft is primarily used for close air support.

Head-up display
A head-up display or heads-up display, also known as a HUD (/hʌd/) or head-up guidance system (HGS), is any transparent display that presents data without requiring users to look away from their usual viewpoints. The origin of the name stems from a pilot being able to view information with the head positioned "up" and looking forward, instead of angled down looking at lower instruments. A HUD also has the advantage that the pilot's eyes do not need to refocus to view the outside after looking at the optically nearer instruments.

Although they were initially developed for military aviation, HUDs are now used in commercial aircraft, automobiles, and other (mostly professional) applications.

Head-up displays were a precursor technology to augmented reality (AR), incorporating a subset of the features needed for the full AR experience, but lacking the necessary registration and tracking between the virtual content and the user's real-world environment.
Xeer
Xeer (pronounced [ħeːr]) is the traditional legal system used by Somalis in Djibouti, Somalia, Somaliland, Somali Region of Ethiopia, and the North Eastern Province in Kenya. It is one of the three systems from which formal Somali law draws its inspiration, the others being civil law and Islamic law. It is believed to pre-date Islam. However, Islam influenced it, with Xeer incorporating many Islamic legal principles. Under this system, the elders, known as the xeer begti, serve as mediator judges and help settle court cases, taking precedent and custom into account. Xeer is polycentric in that different groups within Somali society have different interpretations of xeer.

Polycentric law
Polycentric law is a theoretical legal structure in which "providers" of legal systems compete or overlap in a given jurisdiction, as opposed to monopolistic statutory law according to which there is a sole provider of law for each jurisdiction. Devolution of this monopoly occurs by the principle of jurisprudence in which they rule according to higher law.
Vic Steamboat
Victor Hersey Blood (born April 18, 1960) is an American former professional wrestler, best known by his ring name Vic Steamboat. He is the younger brother of professional wrestler Ricky Steamboat, whom he took his ring name after. The majority of Steamboat's wrestling career was spent in the North Eastern United States working for promotions such as International Championship Wrestling / International World Class Championship Wrestling and Century Wrestling Alliance / NWA Cold Front / NWA New England, holding championships on several occasions.

CWA Heavyweight Championship (New England)
The CWA Heavyweight Championship is the primary professional wrestling singles title in the Century Wrestling Alliance. The title was first won by Tommy Dreamer who defeated "Mr. USA" Tony Atlas in a tournament final held in Wallingford, Connecticut on November 5, 1992, and defended throughout New England by former World Championship Wrestling and World Wrestling Federation wrestlers as well as some of the top independent wrestlers in the Northeastern United States. The title was combined with the CWA New England title to create the NWA New England Heavyweight Championship when the CWA joined the National Wrestling Alliance and became NWA New England in January 1998. The title returned to its original name when the CWA withdrew from the NWA on March 10, 2007.
Headless engine
A headless engine or fixed-head engine is an engine where the end of the cylinder is cast as one piece with the cylinder and crankcase. The most well known headless engines are the Fairbanks-Morse Z and the Witte Headless hit-and-miss engine.

In the 21st century, light-duty consumer-grade Honda GC-family small engines use a use such a design, termed 'uniblock' by Honda. One reason for this, apart from cost, is to produce an overall lower engine height. Being an air-cooled OHC design, this is possible thanks to current aluminum casting techniques and lack of complex hollow spaces for liquid cooling. The valves are vertical, so as to permit assembly in this confined space. On the other hand, performing basic repairs becomes so time-consuming that the engine can be considered disposable.

Small engine
A small engine is the general term for a wide range of small-displacement, low-powered internal combustion engines used to power lawn mowers, generators, concrete mixers and many other machines that require independent power sources. These engines often have simple designs, for example an air-cooled single-cylinder petrol engine with a pull-cord starter, capacitor discharge ignition and a gravity-fed carburetor.

Engines of similar design and displacement are also used in smaller vehicles such as motorcycles, motor scooters, all-terrain vehicles, and go-karts.
Dhruvam
Dhruvam (transl. Pole) is a 1993 Indian Malayalam-language action drama film directed by Joshiy, story and dialogue by S. N. Swamy and A. K. Sajan, respectively, and screenplay by S. N. Swamy. It stars an ensemble cast, including Mammootty in the lead with Jayaram, Suresh Gopi, Vikram, Janardhanan, Gauthami, and Tiger Prabhakar. The musical score and songs were composed by S. P. Venkatesh. It was Vikram's debut in Malayalam cinema and his fifth movie.The film was a blockbuster and ran for 200 days in theatres. It is considered to be one of the best movies in Mammootty 's career.

Eyewitness testimony
Eyewitness testimony is the account a bystander or victim gives in the courtroom, describing what that person observed that occurred during the specific incident under investigation. Ideally this recollection of events is detailed; however, this is not always the case. This recollection is used as evidence to show what happened from a witness' point of view. Memory recall has been considered a credible source in the past but has recently come under attack as forensics can now support psychologists in their claim that memories and individual perceptions can be unreliable, manipulated, and biased. As a result of this, many countries, and states within the United States, are now attempting to make changes in how eyewitness testimony is presented in court. Eyewitness testimony is a specialized focus within cognitive psychology.
Lorenzo Veracini
Lorenzo Veracini is a historian and professor at Swinburne University of Technology’s Institute for Social Research. He is the editor in chief of Settler Colonial Studies and has been a key figure in the development of the field of settler colonialism. His 2010 book Settler Colonialism: A Theoretical Overview was described as "comprehensive though succinct" and "probably the best justification of the imperative to view settler colonialism as significantly different from traditional or classical colonialism".

Swinburne University of Technology
The Swinburne University of Technology (or simply Swinburne) is a public research university in Melbourne, Australia. It is the modern descendant of the Eastern Suburbs Technical College established in 1908, renamed Swinburne Technical College in 1913 after its co-founders George and Ethel Swinburne. It has three campuses in metropolitan Melbourne: Hawthorn, where its main campus is located; Wantirna; and Croydon, as well the Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak Campus in the East Malaysian state of Sarawak. It also offers courses online and through its partnered institutions in Australia and overseas.

The university offers study programs in commerce, healthcare, teacher education, law, engineering, aviation, architecture, the performing arts and various other fields including in the arts and sciences. It also offers Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) research programs and courses in vocational education.
Jean-Noël Robert
Jean-Noël Alexandre Robert (born 30 December 1949) is a French orientalist, specialist of the history of Buddhism in Japan and of its Chinese predecessors. His work particularly focus on Tendai and the philology of Sino-Japanese Buddhist texts. He is the author of the French translation of the Lotus Sutra, a seminal text of Mahayana Buddhism, from the original Chinese.

In 2011, he was appointed a professor at the Collège de France to become the holder of the chair Philologie de la civilisation japonaise.

École pratique des hautes études
The École pratique des hautes études (French pronunciation: [ekɔl pʁatik de ot.z‿etyd]), abbreviated EPHE, is a French postgraduate top level educational institution, a Grand Établissement.

EPHE is a constituent college of the Université PSL (together with ENS Ulm, Paris Dauphine or École des Mines). The college is closely linked to École française d'Extrême-Orient and Institut français du Proche-Orient.

Prominent researchers in military strategy have taught in EPHE in the past such as Hervé Coutau-Bégarie. In addition, researchers in natural sciences (including neurosciences and chemistry) teach at EPHE (among them Jean Baptiste Charcot and Marcellin Berthelot).
Journal of Peptide Science
The Journal of Peptide Science is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal, published since 1995 by John Wiley & Sons on behalf of the European Peptide Society. The current editor-in-chief is Paolo Rovero (Universita di Firenze).

University of Florence
The University of Florence (Italian: Università degli Studi di Firenze) (UNIFI) is an Italian public research university located in Florence, Italy. It comprises 12 schools and has around 50,000 students enrolled.
Sooriyabandara
Sooriyabandara is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Pasindu Sooriyabandara (born 1999), Sri Lankan cricketer

Saddha Mangala Sooriyabandara (born 1968), Sri Lankan journalist

Samantha Sooriyabandara, Sri Lankan Army Major general and

Srinath Sooriyabandara, Sri Lankan rugby union player

Samantha Sooriyabandara
Major General Samantha Sooriyabandara RSP, USP was a Sri Lankan Army general and diplomat who commanded the 53 Division. He also served as the Defence Attache in the Sri Lanka Embassy in Washington D.C.
Maida Herman Solomon
Maida Herman Solomon (March 9, 1891 – January 25, 1988) was an American psychiatric social worker, college professor, writer, researcher, and advocate for sex education and community mental health services. She was a founder and first president of the American Association of Psychiatric Social Workers.

National Association of Social Workers
The National Association of Social Workers (NASW) is a professional organization of social workers in the United States. NASW has about 120,000 members. The NASW provides guidance, research, up to date information, advocacy, and other resources for its members and for social workers in general. Members of the NASW are also able to obtain malpractice insurance, members-only publications, discounts on other products and services, and continuing education.
Blue wren
Blue wren is:

a colloquial name used to refer to several species of fairywren

Superb fairywren, found in south-eastern Australia

Splendid fairywren, found in central and south-western Australia

a Code Name

Ana Montes, American, convicted Cuban spy

Ana Montes
Ana Belén Montes (born February 28, 1957) is an American former senior analyst at the United States Defense Intelligence Agency who spied on behalf of the Cuban government for 17 years.

Montes was arrested on September 21, 2001, and she subsequently was charged with conspiracy to commit espionage for the government of Cuba. Montes pleaded guilty to spying and, in October 2002, was sentenced to a 25-year prison term to be followed by five-years' probation. She was released on January 6, 2023, after having served 20 years behind bars.
Planetae
The planetae (Ancient Greek: πλανήται, romanized: planetai, Latin: planetae, lit. 'wanderers', or Ancient Greek: πλανωμένοι ἀστέρες, romanized: planomenoi asteres, Latin: stellae errantes, lit. 'wandering stars'), were the five naked-eye planets (the Classical planets) known to ancient Greek and Roman astronomers, who assigned them a variety of names, associated them with different gods, and ascribed various qualities to their apparent behaviour in the sky.  Some scholars included the Sun and Moon, making seven planets, representing the seven heavenly bodies that moved against the fixed background of stars.  This concept survives in astrology, which was not clearly differentiated from astronomy before modern times.  Others added the fixed stars, representing a single planet, along with the earth itself, and the antichthon, to make a system of ten.

Theogony
The Theogony (Ancient Greek: Θεογονία, romanized: Theogonía, lit. 'the genealogy or birth of the gods') is a poem by Hesiod (8th–7th century BC) describing the origins and genealogies of the Greek gods, composed c. 730–700 BC. It is written in the epic dialect of Ancient Greek and contains 1,022 lines. It is one of the most important sources for the understanding of early Greek cosmology.
School Breakfast Program
The School Breakfast Program (SBP) is a federally funded meal program that provides free and reduced cost breakfasts to children at public and private schools, and child care facilities in the United States. All children in participating schools and residential institutions are eligible for a federally subsidized meal, regardless of family income. However, free meals must be offered to children from families with incomes below 130% of the federal poverty level, and reduced price meals to those with family incomes between 130% and 185% of the poverty level. Those families over 185% poverty level have to pay full price for their meals which are set by the school.  Even though the children have to pay for their own meals, the school is still reimbursed to some extent.

Breakfast
Breakfast is the first meal of the day, usually eaten in the morning. The word in English refers to breaking the fasting period of the previous night. Various "typical" or "traditional" breakfast menus exist, with food choices varying by regions and traditions worldwide.