hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Theorem of transition
In algebra, the theorem of transition is said to hold between commutative rings  if

dominates ; i.e., for each proper ideal I of A,  is proper and for each maximal ideal  of B,  is maximal

for each maximal ideal  and -primary ideal  of ,  is finite and moreover

Given commutative rings  such that  dominates  and for each maximal ideal  of  such that  is finite, the natural inclusion  is a faithfully flat ring homomorphism if and only if the theorem of transition holds between .

Commutative ring
In mathematics, a commutative ring is a ring in which the multiplication operation is commutative. The study of commutative rings is called commutative algebra. Complementarily, noncommutative algebra is the study of ring properties that are not specific to commutative rings. This distinction results from the high number of fundamental properties of commutative rings that do not extend to noncommutative rings.

Commutative rings appear in the following chain of class inclusions:

rngs ⊃ rings ⊃ commutative rings ⊃  integral domains ⊃ integrally closed domains ⊃ GCD domains ⊃ unique factorization domains ⊃ principal ideal domains ⊃ Euclidean domains ⊃ fields ⊃ algebraically closed fields
Autarchism
Autarchism is a political ideology that promotes the principles of individualism and the moral ideology of individual liberty and self-reliance. It rejects compulsory government, and supports the elimination of government in favor of ruling oneself to the exclusion of rule by others.

Ideology
An ideology is a set of beliefs or values attributed to a person or group of persons, especially those held for reasons that are not purely about belief in certain knowledge, in which "practical elements are as prominent as theoretical ones". Formerly applied primarily to economic, political, or religious theories and policies, in a tradition going back to Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, more recent use treats the term as mainly condemnatory.

The term was coined by Antoine Destutt de Tracy, a French Enlightenment aristocrat and philosopher, who conceived it in 1796 as the "science of ideas" to develop a rational system of ideas to oppose the irrational impulses of the mob. In political science, the term is used in a descriptive sense to refer to political belief systems.
1997 World Table Tennis Championships – Men's singles
The 1997 World Table Tennis Championships men's singles was the 44th edition of the men's singles championship.

Jan-Ove Waldner defeated Vladimir Samsonov in the final, winning three sets to nil to secure the title.

Vladimir Samsonov
Vladimir Samsonov or Uładzimir Samsonau (Belarusian: Уладзімір Віктаравіч Самсонаў, Russian: Владимир Викторович Самсонов, born 17 April 1976) is a Belarusian former professional table tennis player. He is known in China as the "Tai Chi Master" because of his superb all-around style, both offensive and defensive. Samsonov competed at six consecutive Olympics between 1996 and 2016, placing fourth individually in 2016, in addition to equal fifth in 1996 and 2000.
Too Little Too Late (Barenaked Ladies song)
"Too Little Too Late" is a single by the Barenaked Ladies from their 2000 album, Maroon. The single included a remix of another single from Maroon, "Pinch Me". Another version was also released as a "Special Enhanced CD Single" with album art work based on the song's music video.  The song is also featured on the band's 2001 compilation album, Disc One: All Their Greatest Hits. The song was written by Ed Robertson and Steven Page, and sung by Page.

Disc One: All Their Greatest Hits (1991–2001)
Disc One: All Their Greatest Hits (1991–2001) is a greatest hits compilation album by Canadian rock band Barenaked Ladies which spans their first decade as a band. It contains released singles, plus new songs "It's Only Me (The Wizard of Magicland)" and "Thanks That Was Fun", the latter which was released as a single. Disc One was released in November 2001 to a warm commercial reaction and was certified gold in the United States. The title itself is a tongue-in-cheek reference to a line from the "Box Set" off the album Gordon, which is about a box set release from a has-been band: "Disc One – it's where we've begun/It's all my greatest hits/And if you are a fan then you know that you've already got 'em." The album was released two months after the September 11 attacks, and is dedicated to the victims. The album was among the top 50 best-selling albums of 2001 in Canada and the fourth best-selling album of the year in Canada by a Canadian artist.
Venus (surname)
Venus is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Brenda Venus, American actor and ballet dancer

Mark Venus (born 1967), English football coach and former player

Michael Venus (born 1987), New Zealand tennis player

Michael Venus (entertainer) (born 1973), Canadian television personality

Mark Venus
Mark Venus (born 6 April 1967) is an English football coach and former player who was the assistant manager of EFL Championship club West Bromwich Albion. As a player, he spent the majority of his career with Wolverhampton Wanderers and Ipswich Town. As a coach, he has served as assistant to Tony Mowbray at Hibernian, West Bromwich Albion, Celtic, Middlesbrough, Blackburn, Sunderland and Birmingham City.
The Hazards of Helen
The Hazards of Helen is an American adventure film serial (or possibly a film series) of 119 twelve-minute episodes released over a span of slightly more than two years by the Kalem Company between November 14, 1914, and February 17, 1917. At 23.8 hours, it is one of the longest non-feature-length motion picture series ever filmed, and is believed to be the longest of the film serial format. Based on a novel by John Russell Corvell and the play by Denman Thompson, the series was adapted to the silent screen by W. Scott Darling.

Episodes 1-48 were directed by J.P. McGowan and the remainder by J. Gunnis Davis, who was credited as James Davis.  Unlike the cliffhanger serials of the era, The Hazards of Helen is actually a film series made up of near autonomous single reel twelve-minute melodramas. Most episodes of this serial are presumed lost. Others are available online.

Reel
A reel is a tool used to store elongated and flexible objects (e.g. yarns/cords, ribbons, cables, hoses, etc.) by wrapping the material around a cylindrical core known as a spool. Many reels also have flanges (known as the rims) around the ends of the spool to help retain the wrapped material and prevent unwanted slippage off the ends. In most cases, the reel spool is hollow in order to pass an axle and allow it to spin like a wheel, a winding process known as reeling, which can be done by manually turning the reel with handles or cranks, or by machine-powered rotating via (typically electric) motors.
Roman Vondráček
Roman Vondráček (born September 26, 1984) is a Czech professional ice hockey forward currently playing for Rapaces de Gap of the Ligue Magnus.

Vondrácek played in the Czech Extraliga for HC Sparta Praha, HC Plzeň and HC Kometa Brno. On November 8, 2013, he joined Rapaces de Gap of the Ligue Magnus. On May 10, 2015, he joined Brest Albatros Hockey where he played for one season before moving to Aigles de Nice on June 17, 2016. On December 15, 2018, Vondráček rejoined Rapaces de Gap.

Nice hockey Côte d'Azur
Nice Hockey Côte d'Azur or Les Aigles de Nice are a French ice hockey team based in Nice also known as "Les Aigles de Nice". The Eagles are members of the Ligue Magnus and play their home games at Palais des sports Jean-Bouin.
Jorge Campos (table tennis)
Jorge Moisés Campos Valdés (born 19 September 1991) is a Cuban table tennis player. On the club level he competes for Panathinaikos.

He competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in the men's singles event, in which he was eliminated in the first round by Eugene Wang. He also competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics in the mixed doubles event, with fellow Cuban athlete Daniela Fonseca.

Table tennis at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Mixed doubles
The mixed doubles table tennis event was part of the table tennis programme at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo. The event took place from 24 July to 26 July 2021 at Tokyo Metropolitan Gymnasium. This was the first time this event was ever contested in the Summer Olympics. Jun Mizutani and Mima Ito won Japan's first-ever table tennis Olympic gold medal.

The medals for the competition were presented by Li Lingwei, IOC Member, China; and the medalists' bouquets were presented by Raul Calin, ITTF Secretary General; Spain.
Paul Dutton (cricketer)
Paul Nicholas Symon Dutton (born 6 August 1965) is a former English cricketer.  Dutton was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace.  He was born in Manchester, Lancashire.

Dutton made his debut for Northumberland in the 1986 Minor Counties Championship against Lincolnshire.  Dutton played Minor counties cricket for Northumberland from 1986 to 1996, which included 66 Minor Counties Championship matches and 16 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches. He made his List A debut against Essex in the 1987 NatWest Trophy.  He made 3 further List A matches for the county, the last coming against Nottinghamshire in the 1994 NatWest Trophy. In his 4 List A matches, he scored 49 runs at an average of 16.33, with a high score of 26 not out.

1994 NatWest Trophy
The 1994 NatWest Trophy was the 14th NatWest Trophy.  It was an English limited overs county cricket tournament which was held between 21 June and 3 September 1994. The tournament was won by Worcestershire County Cricket Club who defeated Warwickshire County Cricket Club by 8 wickets in the final at Lord's.
Ted Toles Jr.
Theodore Toles Jr. (December 4, 1925 – April 4, 2016) was an American pitcher and outfielder who played in Negro league baseball and the Minor Leagues. Listed at 6' 0" [1.83 m], 170 lb [77 kg], he was a switch hitter and threw left handed which is why he was referred to as 'Lefty' Toles.

Western Canadian Baseball League
The Western Canadian Baseball League (WCBL) is a collegiate summer baseball league. The league is home to teams based in the Canadian Prairie provinces of Saskatchewan and Alberta, and has roots dating back to 1931 in Saskatchewan's Southern Baseball League. In 1975, the province's southern and northern leagues merged, creating the foundation for the WCBL. Today, the league boasts seven teams in Alberta and five in Saskatchewan.
Stanišić (surname)
Stanišić is a surname found among Serbs, Montenegrins and Croats.

Notable people with the name include:

Božidar Stanišić, Montenegrin water polo player

Dany Stanišić, Serbian sailor

Josip Stanišić, Croatian football player

Jovica Stanišić, Serbian intelligence officer

Lazar Stanišić, Serbian football player

Mićo Stanišić, Bosnian Serb politician

Petar Stanišić, Montenegrin football player

Saša Stanišić, Bosnian German writer

Strahinja Stanišić, Serbian alpine skier

Vojislav Stanišić, Serbian American football player

Božidar Stanišić
Božidar "Cikota" Stanišić (21 October 1936 – 3 January 2014) was a water polo player from Montenegro. He was part of the Yugoslav teams that won a silver medal at the 1964 Olympics and placed fourth in 1960. He won another silver medal at the 1958 European Championships.

Stanišić learned to swim aged 14. Two years later started playing water polo for PKV Jadran and won with them the national title in 1958 and 1959; he later played for VK Bijela and coached both teams. Stanišić was a lawyer by profession. He was voted the Montenegrin Athlete of the Year a record four times, in 1959, 1961, 1963 and 1965.
Lake Glenada
Lake Glenada is a natural lake in Highlands County, Florida, south of the city of Avon Park, Florida.  It has an irregular shape and has a surface area of 197 acres (0.80 km2).  It is roughly 0.75 miles (1.21 km) long and about a 0.5 miles (0.80 km) wide.  Its deepest part is about 35 feet (11 m).  A bathymetric map produced by Florida Lakewatch shows it actually has three sections, one 35 feet (11 m) deep, another 25 feet (7.6 m) deep and still another 15 feet (4.6 m) deep.

This lake is bounded by the South Florida Community College campus on the north.  Many buildings, including the Joseph E. Johnston Student Center, are on the lake's edge.  On the west and southwest is US 27.  On the south is Lake Glenada RV Resort.

Activities at the lake include fishing and boating.  Lake Glenada RV Resort has their own boat ramp.  A public boat ramp, fishing dock and shelter house is on the west side, just off US 27.

Boating
Boating is the leisurely activity of travelling by boat, or the recreational use of a boat whether powerboats, sailboats, or man-powered vessels (such as rowing and paddle boats), focused on the travel itself, as well as sports activities, such as fishing or waterskiing. It is a popular activity, and there are millions of boaters worldwide.
Tyler Roahrig
Tyler Roahrig (born April 5, 1991) is an American professional stock car racing driver who has previously competed in the ARCA Racing Series and the CARS Super Late Model Tour.

Roahrig has previously competed in series such as the ASA CRA Super Series, the ASA Southern Super Series, the UARA National Late Model Series, and the USAC Silver Crown Series.

United States Auto Club
The United States Auto Club (USAC) is one of the sanctioning bodies of auto racing in the United States. From 1956 to 1979, USAC sanctioned the United States National Championship, and from 1956 to 1997 the organization sanctioned the Indianapolis 500. USAC serves as the sanctioning body for a number of racing series, including the Silver Crown Series, National Sprint Cars, National Midgets, Speed2 Midget Series, .25 Midget Series, Stadium Super Trucks, and GT World Challenge America. Seven-time USAC champion Levi Jones is USAC's Competition Director.
Dmitriyevka, Svobodnensky District, Amur Oblast
Dmitriyevka (Russian: Дмитриевка) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Dmitriyevsky Selsoviet of Svobodnensky District, Amur Oblast, Russia. The population was 387 as of 2018. There are 5 streets.

Amur Oblast
Amur Oblast (/əˈmʊər ˈɒblæst/) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast), located on the banks of the Amur and Zeya rivers in the Russian Far East. The oblast borders Heilongjiang province of the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the south.

The administrative center of the oblast, the city of Blagoveshchensk, is one of the oldest settlements in the far east of the country, founded in 1856. It is a traditional center of trade and gold mining. The territory is accessed by two railways: the Trans-Siberian Railway and the Baikal–Amur Mainline. As of the 2021 Census, the oblast's population was 766,912.
Johnson County Savings Bank
Johnson County Savings Bank, also known as Iowa State Bank, is a historic building located in Iowa City, Iowa, United States. Completed in 1912, it is a six-story, brick structure that rises to a height of 72.45 feet (22.08 m). The design of the structure shows the influence of the Chicago Commercial style of architecture and that of architect Louis Sullivan. These influences are found in the building's arrangement with a base, shaft, and capital. The decorative elements executed in stone and terra cotta show the influence of Neoclassical architecture. The building was individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2017. In 2021, it was included as a contributing property in the Iowa City Downtown Historic District.

Chicago school (architecture)
The Chicago School refers to two architectural styles derived from the architecture of Chicago. In the history of architecture, the first Chicago School was a school of architects active in Chicago in the late 19th, and at the turn of the 20th century. They were among the first to promote the new technologies of steel-frame construction in commercial buildings, and developed a spatial esthetic which co-evolved with, and then came to influence, parallel developments in European Modernism. Much of its early work is also known as Commercial Style.

A "Second Chicago School" with a modernist esthetic emerged in the 1940s through 1970s, which pioneered new building technologies and structural systems, such as the tube-frame structure.
Pyranocoumarin
Pyranocoumarins are a class of chemical compounds that have a core structure that consists of a pyran ring fused to a coumarin.  As phytochemicals, pyranocoumarins are uncommon and found mainly the plant families Apiaceae and Rutaceae.  For example, Citrus sinensis and Citrus limonia are sources of xanthyletin and seselin.

In the biosyntheses of pyranocoumarins, the pyran ring is formed via the methylerythritol phosphate pathway and the coumarin is derived from the shikimate pathway.

Citrus × sinensis
Citrus × sinensis (sometimes written Citrus sinensis), is a broadleaf evergreen hybrid between pomelo (Citrus maxima) and mandarin (Citrus reticulata). Hybrid sweet oranges are commonly cultivated fruits that include Valencia oranges, blood oranges and navel oranges.
Perazzoli
Perazzoli (Italian pronunciation: [peratˈtsɔːli]) is an Italian surname derived from the given name Piero, originating in Verona and Piacenza. Notable people with the surname include:

Ettore Perazzoli (1974–2003), Italian free software developer

Lou Perazzoli, American computer scientist

Mani Perazzoli, member of English band Buzzcocks

Lou Perazzoli
Lou Perazzoli is one of the initial architects for Windows NT made by Microsoft and later managed the core OS team for the first releases of Windows NT. He has a B.S in Mathematics and Computer Science (double major). He was one of the engineers which Dave Cutler took with him to Microsoft from Digital Equipment Corporation after the cancellation of the PRISM and MICA projects.
Deaths in June 2025
The following is a list of notable deaths in June 2025.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent country of citizenship (if applicable), reason for notability, cause of death (if known), and reference.

Supreme Court of Puerto Rico
The Supreme Court of Puerto Rico (Spanish: Tribunal Supremo de Puerto Rico) is the highest court of Puerto Rico, having judicial authority to interpret and decide questions of Puerto Rican law. The Court is analogous to one of the state supreme courts of the states of the United States and is the highest state court and the court of last resort in Puerto Rico. Article V of the Constitution of Puerto Rico vests the judicial power in the Supreme Court, which by nature forms the judicial branch of the government of Puerto Rico. The seat of the Supreme Court is the Supreme Court Building in San Juan Islet in the capital municipality of San Juan.
Parental responsibility (access and custody)
Parental responsibility refers to the responsibility which underpin the relationship between the children and the children's parents and those adults who are granted parental responsibility by either signing a 'parental responsibility agreement' with the mother or getting a 'parental responsibility order' from a court. The terminology for this area of law now includes matters dealt with as contact (visitation in the United States) and residence (see Residence in English law) in some states. Parental responsibilities are connected to Parents' rights and privileges.

Law of obligations
The law of obligations is one branch of private law under the civil law legal system and so-called "mixed" legal systems. It is the body of rules that organizes and regulates the rights and duties arising between individuals. The specific rights and duties are referred to as obligations, and this area of law deals with their creation, effects and extinction.

An obligation is a legal bond (vinculum iuris) by which one or more parties (obligants) are bound to act or refrain from acting. An obligation thus imposes on the obligor a duty to perform, and simultaneously creates a corresponding right to demand performance by the obligee to whom performance is to be tendered.
The Birth-day
The Birth Day or The Birth-day is a 1799 comedy play by the British author Thomas John Dibdin. It was based on the work Die Versöhnung by the German author August von Kotzebue, which Dibdin translated and rewrote for the English stage. It premiered at the Theatre Royal, Covent Garden on 8 April 1799. The Covent Garden cast included Joseph Shepherd Munden as Captain Bertram, John Fawcett as Jack Junk, John Henry Johnstone as Harry Bertram, Charles Murray as Mr. Bertram, John Waddy as Lawyer Circuit, Jane Pope as Emma and Mary Ann Davenport as Mrs Moral. Fawcett's character Jack Junk, a sailor, was a reprisal from the popular 1798 musical The Mouth of the Nile by Dibdin. The Irish premiere took place at the Crow Street Theatre in Dublin on 25 November 1799.

August von Kotzebue
August Friedrich Ferdinand von Kotzebue (German: [ˈaʊɡʊst fɔn ˈkɔtsəbuː], Russian: Евстафий Леонтьевич Коцебу, romanized: Yevstafiy Leontyevich Kotsebu; 3 May [O.S. 22 April] 1761 – 23 March [O.S. 11 March] 1819) was a German playwright, who had also worked as a Russian diplomat.

In 1817, one of Kotzebue's books was burned during the Wartburg festival. He was murdered in 1819 by Karl Ludwig Sand, a militant member of the Burschenschaften. This murder gave Metternich the pretext to issue the Carlsbad Decrees of 1819, which dissolved the Burschenschaften, cracked down on the liberal press, and seriously restricted academic freedom in the states of the German Confederation.
EuroBasket Women 1995
The 1995 European Women Basketball Championship, commonly called EuroBasket Women 1995, was the 25th regional championship held by FIBA Europe. The competition was held in Brno in Czech Republic and took place from 8 June to 18 June 1995. Ukraine won the gold medal and Italy the silver medal while Russia won the bronze.

Russia women's national basketball team
The Russia women's national basketball team is administered by the Russian Basketball Federation.
The team  has participated in four FIBA Women's World Cups and their best finish has been a silver medal in 1998, 2002 and 2006. In European Women Basketball Championship the Russian team won gold medals in 2003, 2007 and 2011, silver medals in 2001, 2005 and 2009, and bronze in 1995 and 1999. They have participated in five Olympic Games, winning two bronze medals.

After the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, FIBA banned Russian teams and officials from participating in FIBA 3x3 Basketball competitions.
2003 Soul Train Lady of Soul Awards
The 2003 Soul Train Lady of Soul Awards were held on August 23, 2003 at the Pasadena Civic Auditorium in Pasadena, California. The ninth annual awards program was hosted by Arsenio Hall, Aisha Tyler, Heather Headley and Tyrese.

Heather Headley
Heather Headley (born October 5, 1974) is a Trinidadian-American singer, songwriter, record producer and actress. She won the 2000 Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical for the title role of Aida. She also won the 2010 Grammy Award for Best Contemporary R&B Gospel Album for her album Audience of One. In 2018, she recurred as Gwen Garrett on the NBC medical drama television series Chicago Med. She stars on the Netflix series Sweet Magnolias, which debuted in 2020 and is in its fourth season as of February 2025.