hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
George Hume (politician)
Sir George Hopwood Hume (24 May 1866 – 13 September 1946) was a British Conservative politician and leader of the London County Council.

He was born in the Ukrainian city of Poltava, then in the Russian Empire. His father was George Hume, a Scottish mechanical engineer, and British vice consul at Kiev and Kharkov. He was educated in Russia, Switzerland and at the Finsbury Technical College, London. He was apprenticed as an electrical engineer at Siemens Brothers, later studying law and was called to the bar at the Middle Temple in 1900. In 1901, he married Jeanne Alice Ladrierre of Lausanne, who died in 1922.

City and Guilds Foundation
The City and Guilds Foundation is an educational organisation in the United Kingdom. Founded on 11 November 1878 by the City of London and 16 livery companies to develop a national system of technical education, the institute has been operating under royal charter, granted by Queen Victoria, since 1900. The Prince of Wales, later King Edward VII, was appointed the first president of the institute.

It is also a registered charity and was the awarding body for City & Guilds and ILM qualifications, offering many accredited qualifications mapped onto the Regulated Qualifications Framework until October 2025 when City and Guilds Ltd was formed as a commercial organisation. The institute's president is the Princess Royal who accepted this role in June 2011 (following her father the Duke of Edinburgh, who held the position for nearly 60 years), and the Chair of Council is Dame Ann Limb, who took office in 2021.
Hotel Lilie
Hotel Lilie is a traditional inn located in historical center of Sterzing, South Tyrol, Italy, the first written record about it is from 1461.
The hotel worked as an inn since its origin and today it is one of the most beautiful buildings of the Late Middle Ages and is protected by the state as a treasure of fine arts.

Inn
Inns are generally establishments or buildings where travelers can seek lodging, and usually, food and drink. Inns are typically located in the country or along a highway. Before the advent of motorized transportation, they also provided accommodation for horses.

An innkeeper is the person who runs an inn.
Quimby's Bookstore
41°54′39″N 87°40′29″W﻿ / ﻿41.910720°N 87.674780°W﻿ / 41.910720; -87.674780

Quimby's Bookstore is an independent bookstore located at 1854 W. North Ave in the Wicker Park neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois. In addition to the main location, Quimby's NYC opened in 2017 at 536 Metropolitan Ave in the Williamsburg neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York. Quimby's specializes in selling independently published and small press books, zines, comics, and ephemera, describing its collection as favoring "the unusual, the aberrant, the saucy and the lowbrow". The Chicago Tribune has described Quimby's as "a treasure" and "an unofficial clubhouse for zine lovers", and Inc. magazine has featured it as "Chicago's weirdest bookstore".

Independent bookstore
An independent bookstore is a retail bookstore which is independently owned. Usually, independent stores consist of only a single actual store (although there are some multi-store independents). They may be structured as sole proprietorships, closely held corporations or partnerships, cooperatives, or nonprofits. Independent stores can be contrasted with chain bookstores, which have many locations and are owned by corporations which often have divisions in other lines besides bookselling. Specialty stores such as comic book shops tend to be independent.

Author events at independent bookstores sometimes take the role of literary salons and independents historically supported new authors and independent presses.
Everything Falls Apart (song)
Everything Falls Apart is a song by American band Dog's Eye View, written by lead vocalist Peter Stuart. The song is the lead single from Dog's Eye View's debut album, Happy Nowhere, released in January 1996 by Columbia Records. It received considerable airplay on radio, MTV and VH1, reaching the top 40 on multiple US Billboard charts. Internationally, the single charted in Canada and New Zealand, peaking at numbers five and 41, respectively.

Airplay
Airplay is how frequently a song is being played through broadcasting on radio stations. A song which is being played several times every day (spins) would have a significant amount of airplay. Music which became very popular on jukeboxes, in nightclubs and at discotheques between the 1940s and 1960s would also have airplay.
Yamaha Rhino
The Yamaha Rhino was an American off-road vehicle produced by Yamaha Motor Company from 2004 to 2012. Built at Yamaha’s factory in Newnan, Georgia, they could be equipped with either two or four-wheel drive. As a two-seater side-by-side, the vehicle was classified as a utility task vehicle (UTV) or recreational off-highway vehicle (ROV).

Off-roading
Off-roading is the act of driving or riding in a vehicle on unpaved surfaces such as sand, dirt, gravel, riverbeds, mud, snow, rocks, or other natural terrain. Off-roading ranges from casual drives with regular vehicles to competitive events with customized vehicles and skilled drivers.
Kirsi Heikkinen
Kirsi Heikkinen (née Savolainen, born in Espoo, 26 September 1978) is a Finnish women's football referee. She has taken part in the 2009 European Championship, the 2011 World Cup and the 2012 Summer Olympics, and she refereed the final of the 2010 Champions League, the 2010 U–17 World Cup and the 2010 Algarve Cup.

2010 Algarve Cup
The 2010 Algarve Cup was the seventeenth edition of the Algarve Cup, an invitational women's football tournament held annually in Portugal. It took place between 24 February and 3 March 2010. It was won by the United States who defeated World and European champions Germany 3–2 in the final to extend their record of Algarve titles to seven. Sweden defeated China, 2-0, in the third prize game.
Tagetes elongata
Tagetes elongata is a Latin American species of marigolds in the family Asteraceae. It has been found in central and southern Mexico from San Luis Potosí and Zacatecas south to Chiapas.

Tagetes elongata is an annual herb up to 60 cm (2 feet) tall. Leaves are pinnately compound with 9-17 toothed leaflets. The plant produces numerous flower heads in flat-topped arrays, yellow, each head containing ray florets surrounding disc florets.

Zacatecas
Zacatecas, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Zacatecas, is one of the 31 states of Mexico. It is divided into 58 municipalities and its capital city is Zacatecas.

It is located in north-central Mexico and is bordered by the states of Durango to the northwest, Coahuila to the north, Nayarit to the west, San Luis Potosí and Nuevo León to the east, and Jalisco, Guanajuato and Aguascalientes to the south. The state is best known for its rich deposits of silver and other minerals, its colonial architecture and its importance during the Mexican Revolution. Its main economic activities are mining, agriculture and tourism.
Champhol
Champhol (French pronunciation: [ʃɑ̃fɔl]) is a commune in the Eure-et-Loir department in northern France. The 18th-century French poet and playwright Gérard Du Doyer de Gastels (1732–1798) was born in this village.

Eure-et-Loir
Eure-et-Loir (French pronunciation: [œʁ‿e lwaʁ], locally: [øʁ‿e lwaʁ]) is a French department, named after the Eure and Loir rivers. It is located in the region of Centre-Val de Loire. In 2019, Eure-et-Loir had a population of 431,575.
Hoodlum Priest (album)
Hoodlum Priest is the 3rd and possibly final album from UK industrial and trip hop band Hoodlum Priest. This album features an Egyptian theme sampling various bits of Egyptian mythology and experiments with elements of Drum n Bass and Indian/African influenced music. This album also features vocals from former Gaye Bykers on Acid frontman Ian Hoxley (on this album called "Mary Magdelyte").

The song Gas was recorded with longtime collaborator Cliff Hewitt, and was recorded in Helsinki from the Ambient City project.

Gaye Bykers on Acid
Gaye Bykers on Acid (GBOA) are an English rock band from Leicester, and one of the founder members of the grebo music scene. They later released both thrash punk and dance music albums under various aliases.
Cormocephalus kraepelini
Cormocephalus kraepelini, also known as the Margaret River centipede, is a species of centipede in the Scolopendridae family. It is endemic to Australia, and was first described in 1930 by Austrian myriapodologist Carl Attems.

Myriapodology
Myriapodology is the scientific study of myriapods which includes centipedes and millipedes. The field of myriapodology can also cover other myriapods such as pauropods and symphylans. Those who study myriapods are myriapodologists.
Kwun Yam Beach
Kwun Yam Beach, also known as Afternoon Beach, is a gazetted beach facing Kwun Yam Wan on the east coast of Cheung Chau, Hong Kong. The beach is managed by the Leisure and Cultural Services Department of the Hong Kong Government. The beach is 100 metres long and rated as Grade 1 by the Environmental Protection Department for its water quality. It is one of the two gazetted beaches in Cheung Chau along with Cheung Chau Tung Wan Beach. This beach is smaller than Cheung Chau Tung Wan Beach.

Leisure and Cultural Services Department
The Leisure and Cultural Services Department (LCSD), is a department in the Government of Hong Kong. It reports to the Culture, Sports & Tourism Bureau, headed by the Secretary for Culture, Sports and Tourism. It provides leisure and cultural activities for the people of Hong Kong, which was also one of the tasks of the former Urban Council, and Regional Council and Home Affairs Bureau. It manages various public facilities around Hong Kong including public libraries, swimming pools, sports centres, parks, beaches and waterfront areas. The well-known Hong Kong Cultural Centre and Hong Kong Space Museum are among several museums also managed by the department. It was established in 2000 and its headquarters is in Shatin, New Territories.

Until July 2022, the department was headed by the Secretary for Home Affairs.
The Ultimate Fighter: China
The Ultimate Fighter: China is an international installment of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC)-produced reality television series The Ultimate Fighter. It is the fourth season produced outside the United States and the first to air in China, on Liaoning Television starting December 7, 2013.

UFC officially announced the season in June 2013. Tryouts were held in July and August 2013 in Beijing, Singapore and Macao.  Fighters were looked at in the featherweight, lightweight and welterweight divisions, with over 150 applicants. The featherweight and welterweight classes were ultimately chosen. Sixteen fighters competed in two single-elimination tournaments. The final bouts aired live on March 1, 2014. Vietnamese-American Cung Le was the show's mentor and chief coach.  UFC fighter Tiequan Zhang and Chinese mixed martial artist Hailin Ao coached the two teams.

Featherweight (MMA)
The featherweight division in mixed martial arts refers to different weight classes:

The UFC's featherweight division, which groups competitors within 136–145 lb (61.7-65.8 kg)

The Shooto's featherweight division, which limits competitors to 135 lb (61.2 kg)

The ONE Championship's featherweight division, with upper limit at 70.3 kg (155.0 lb)

The Road FC's featherweight division, with upper limit at 145 lb (65.5 kg)
Linear Executable
Linear Executable (LE) is file format for executable code designed for 32-bit protected mode operating systems. Originally used by the OS/2 operating system and adopted by various DOS extenders, it also served as the file format for Virtual Device Drivers (VxD) in early versions of Windows, including Windows 3.x and the Windows 9x series. The malleability of LE files attracted interest in using them for steganography.

Executable
In computing, an executable is a resource that a computer can use to control its behavior. As with all information in computing, it is data, but distinct from data that does not imply a flow of control. Terms such as executable code, executable file, executable program, and executable image describe forms in which the information is represented and stored. A native executable is machine code and is directly executable at the instruction level of a CPU. A script is also executable although indirectly via an interpreter. Intermediate executable code (such as bytecode) may be interpreted or converted to native code at runtime via just-in-time compilation.
Fairmount, Indiana
Fairmount is a town in Fairmount Township, Grant County in the east-central part of the U.S. state of Indiana. The population was 2,682 at the 2020 census. It is 55 miles (88 km) northeast of Indianapolis. Largely a bedroom community for nearby Marion, Fairmount is best known as the boyhood home of actor James Dean, who is buried there.

Marion, Indiana
Marion is a city in and the county seat of Grant County, Indiana, United States, along the Mississinewa River. The population was 28,310 as of the 2020 census. It is named for Francis Marion, a brigadier general from South Carolina in the American Revolutionary War.

The city is home to Indiana Wesleyan University, the largest evangelical Christian university in the Midwest and Indiana's largest private university, when online and regional campuses in Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio, and Illinois are included. The traditional campus enrolls about 2,800 students. Marion is the birthplace of actor James Dean and cartoonist Jim Davis, and was the location of the wedding of actress Julia Roberts and singer Lyle Lovett in 1993. Ronald Douglas Morrell Jr. is the city's first African American mayor and has been mayor since 2024.
Michel van Hulten
Michael Henricus Maria "Michel" van Hulten (9 March 1930 – 1 December 2025) was a Dutch politician. As a member of the Political Party of Radicals (PPR) he was a member of the Dutch parliament and he was the undersecretary of the Minister of Transport in Joop den Uyl's cabinet.

Undersecretary
Undersecretary (or under secretary) is a title for a person who works for and has a lower rank than a secretary (person in charge). It is used in the executive branch of government, with different meanings in different political systems, and is also used in other organizational settings.

In government, the position may be a junior government minister (e.g. a parliamentary secretary) who assists a secretary of state. In other cases, the position may be a senior government official, frequently a career public servant, who typically acts as a senior administrator. The senior administrator may be considered a second-in-command to a politically appointed cabinet minister or other government official (e.g. in the United States), or they may be considered a head or chief executive of a government department (e.g. a permanent secretary). Some systems of government have both types of position, as in the United Kingdom where the title has been in use since the 17th century.
Raufoss Ammunisjonsfabrikker
Raufoss Ammunisjonsfabrikker was a Norwegian company based at Raufoss, established in 1896 as Rødfoss Patronfabrik. Initially the company manufactured ammunition, and later also other products, such as aluminium parts to the automotive industry. Until 1948 the company was a subordinate to the Norwegian Ministry of Defence. In the 1990s the automobile division was split off as Raufoss Automotive and eventually taken over by Norsk Hydro. In 1998 the ammunition division was merged with the Swedish company Celsius and the Finnish company Patria, forming the new company Nammo.

Ministry of Defence (Norway)
The Royal Norwegian Ministry of Defence (Norwegian: Det kgl. Forsvarsdepartement) is a Norwegian government ministry in charge of the formation and implementation of national security and defence policy, and for the overall management and control of the activities of subordinate agencies. The ministry is located at Glacisgata 1, Oslo, inside Akershus festning. The ministry is headed by the politically appointed Minister of Defence, currently Tore O. Sandvik. The ministry controls a large group of defence-related agencies, not to be related with Ministry of Foreign Affairs that controls all intelligence-related agencies in the country.
Kate Parker (artist)
Kate Parker is a New Zealand artist, author, theatre director and illustrator.

She was born in 1973. Her father is the ceramic artist Richard Parker.

She received a New Generation Award from the New Zealand Arts Foundation in 2010. In 2016, Parker was chosen as the Auckland Council Regional Parks Artist in Residence.

Her picture book Kōwhai and the Giants won Best First Book Award at the 2021 New Zealand Book Awards for Children and Young Adults. One reviewer wrote of the book "Kōwhai and the Giants is a beautiful story that will kindle a desire to not only spend time in nature but, more importantly, a call to nurture it".

New Zealand Book Awards for Children and Young Adults
The New Zealand Book Awards for Children and Young Adults are a series of literary awards presented annually to recognise excellence in children's and young adult's literature in New Zealand. The awards were founded in 1982, and have had several title changes until the present title was introduced in 2015. In 2016 the awards were merged with the LIANZA children's book awards. As of 2023 the awards are administered by the New Zealand Book Awards Trust and each category award carries prize money of NZ$7,500.
Vermont in the American Civil War
During the American Civil War, the State of Vermont gave strong support to the Union war effort, raising troops and money.  According to Rachel Cree Sherman:

By the spring of 1865 Vermont was devastated, having sent one tenth of its entire population to war, with a loss of over 5,000 lives to battle, wounds, and disease. The state had dedicated nearly $10 million to support the conflict, half of that amount offered up by towns with no expectation of recompense.

William Farrar Smith
William Farrar Smith (February 17, 1824 – February 28, 1903), known as "Baldy" Smith, was a Union general in the American Civil War, notable for attracting the extremes of glory and blame. He was praised for his gallantry in the Seven Days Battles and the Battle of Antietam, but was demoted for professional and political reasons after the disastrous defeat at the Battle of Fredericksburg. As chief engineer of the Army of the Cumberland, he achieved recognition by restoring a supply line that saved that army from starvation and surrender, known as the "Cracker Line", that helped Union troops to success in the Chattanooga campaign in the autumn of 1863. Leading the first operation against Petersburg, Smith's caution, possibly illness-related, may have cost the Union a prime opportunity for a quick end to the war. He was relieved of command shortly thereafter.
Swedish Defence Research Agency
The Swedish Defence Research Agency (Swedish: Totalförsvarets forskningsinstitut, FOI; literal translation: Total Defence Research Institute) is a government agency in Sweden for total defence research and development.

FOI has its headquarters in Kista (Stockholm). Other FOI offices or research centres are located in Grindsjön, Linköping, and Umeå.

Linköping
Linköping (/ˈlɪnʃəpɪŋ/ ⓘ LIN-shə-ping, Swedish: [ˈlɪ̂nːˌɕøːpɪŋ] ⓘ) is a city in southern Sweden, with around 167,000 inhabitants as of 2024. It is the seat of Linköping Municipality and the capital of Östergötland County. Linköping is also the episcopal see of the Diocese of Linköping (Church of Sweden) and is well known for its cathedral. Linköping is the center of an old cultural region and celebrated its 700th anniversary in 1987. Dominating the city's skyline from afar is the steeple of the cathedral (Domkyrkan).

Nowadays, Linköping is known for its university and its high-technology industry. Linköping wants to create a sustainable development of the city and therefore plans to become a carbon-neutral community by 2025. Located on the Östergötland Plain, Linköping is closely linked to Norrköping, roughly 40 kilometres (25 mi) to the east, near the sea.
Battle of Hightower
The Battle of Hightower (also called Battle of Etowah Cliffs) in 1793 was part of the Cherokee–American wars, in which the Cherokee sought to defend tribal territory from increasing settlement by the citizens of the new United States. This particular battle took place at the Cherokee village of High Town (Itawayi), overlooking downtown Rome in present-day Floyd County, Georgia, resulting in the defeat of the Cherokee by a force led by John Sevier, future Governor of Tennessee.

John Watts (Cherokee chief)
John Watts (or Kunokeski; 1750–1808), also known as Young Tassel, was one of the leaders of the Chickamauga Cherokee (or "Lower Cherokee") during the Cherokee–American wars. Watts became particularly active in the fighting after frontiersmen murdered his uncle, Old Tassel (1708–1788).
David Smadja
David M. Smadja (born February 25, 1978, in Clermont Ferrand, France) is a French hematologist working as a hospital practitioner in Georges Pompidou European Hospital, part of the AP-HP, and Paris Cité University. He specializes in hemostasis, thrombosis and vascular biology. Smadja has contributed to research on vascular and coagulation disorders associated to COVID-19 and long COVID during the global pandemic.

Hematology
Hematology (spelled haematology in British English) is the branch of medicine concerned with the study of the cause, prognosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases related to blood. It involves treating diseases that affect the production of blood and its components, such as blood cells, hemoglobin, blood proteins, bone marrow, platelets, blood vessels, spleen, and the mechanism of coagulation. Such diseases might include hemophilia, sickle cell anemia, blood clots (thrombus), other bleeding disorders, and blood cancers such as leukemia, multiple myeloma, and lymphoma. The laboratory analysis of blood is frequently performed by a medical technologist or medical laboratory scientist.
Beauval Indian Residential School
Beauval Indian Residential School (1895–1983) near the northern village of Beauval, Saskatchewan was a Canadian residential school operated by the Roman Catholic Church for First Nations children. It was run by the Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate and the Grey Nuns.

The school was on what is now the La Plonge 192 reserve across the Beaver River from Beauval. La Plonge 192 is part of the English River Dene Nation and had 115 residents in 2011.

A fire on September 19–20, 1927, and an influenza epidemic in 1937 took the lives of many students.

Beauval, Saskatchewan
Beauval (Plains Cree: ᓰᐲᓯᓯᕽ, romanized: sîpîsisihk) is a northern village located in Northern Saskatchewan, near Lac Île-à-la-Crosse. It was founded in the early 20th century as a Roman Catholic mission and as a transportation centre.

Highway 165 goes through the community. Highway 918 three kilometres east leads north to Patuanak. Eight kilometres east is the hamlet of Lac La Plonge on Lac La Plonge. Eight kilometres west where Highway 165 joins Highway 155 is Beauval Forks. The Beauval Airport along with several businesses are located there.

Beauval is situated in the valley of the Beaver River hence the name "beautiful valley" or "beau val" in French. The population of Beauval was 756 in 2011.