hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pin-Up Went Down
Pin-Up Went Down is a French experimental band. Although their music is mostly referred to as avant-garde metal, they describe themselves as "an experimental band blending art rock, metal, avant-garde, and pop." Pin-Up Went Down was formed as a one-man project by Alexis Damien in Rouen in 2006, who then added more members.

Avant-garde music
Avant-garde music is music that is considered to be at the forefront of innovation in its field, with the term avant-garde implying a critique of existing aesthetic conventions, rejection of the status quo in favor of unique or original elements, and the idea of deliberately challenging or alienating audiences. Avant-garde music may be distinguished from experimental music by the way it adopts an extreme position within a certain tradition, whereas experimental music lies outside tradition.
Lash (surname)
Lash is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Batton Lash, American comic book creator

Dominic Lash, English musician

Don Lash (1912–1994), American long-distance runner

Israel G. Lash (1810–1878), American politician

Jennifer Lash (1938–1993), English novelist and painter

Jim Lash (1951–2019), American football player

Nicholas Lash (1934–2020), English theologian

Scott Lash, American professor of sociology and cultural studies

Stu Lash, American basketball coach and executive

Tony Lash, American musician and music producer

Trude Lash (1908–2004), German-American student activist

William H. Lash (1961–2006), American political officer and professor

William Quinlan Lash, English bishop

Mario Hernandez Lash, Mexican football player

William H. Lash
William Henry Lash III (January 21, 1961 – July 14, 2006) was the Assistant Secretary for Market Access and Compliance at the United States Department of Commerce from 2001 to 2005, and a professor at George Mason University School of Law.

Lash was born in Jersey City, New Jersey and grew up in Rahway, New Jersey.

In July 2006, at his home in McLean, Virginia, Lash was involved in a domestic incident with his wife, which resulted in her leaving the house and calling the police. When they arrived, he refused them entry, and proceeded to fatally shoot his 12-year-old son and then himself.
Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Mountaineering and Allied Sports
Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Mountaineering and Allied Sports (abbreviated to ABVIMAS) is an Indian institute, which provides specialized training in skiing, mountain rescue and mountaineering, founded in 1961. The institute is located in Manali, Himachal Pradesh.

Manali, Himachal Pradesh
Manali (Hindi: manālī, pronounced [mənaːliː]) is a resort town, near Kullu town in the Kullu district in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. It is situated at the northern end of the Kullu Valley, formed by the Beas River. The town is located in the Kullu district, approximately 270 kilometres (170 mi) north of the state capital of Shimla and 544 kilometres (338 mi) northeast of the national capital of New Delhi. Manali is a popular tourist destination in India and serves as the gateway to the Lahaul and Spiti district as well as the city of Leh in Ladakh.

Manali is the beginning of an ancient trade route through Lahaul (H.P.) and Ladakh, over the Karakoram Pass and onto Yarkand and Hotan in the Tarim Basin of China. As per the 2011 Census of India, the Manali Municipal Council had a population of 8,096, comprising 4,717 males and 3,379 females. Updated estimates suggest the town’s population is approximately 11,700 as of 2025.
Frank Wall (American politician)
Frank Tracy Wall (March 5, 1908 – March 25, 1998) was an American dairy farmer and politician who served in the Mississippi House of Representatives. Elected three times from Amite County, he was a member of the local Farm Bureau and Citizens' Council, a white supremacist organization.

Amite County, Mississippi
Amite County /ˈeɪ.mɛt/ is a county located in the state of Mississippi on its southern border with Louisiana. As of the 2020 census, the population was 12,720. Its county seat is Liberty. The county is named after the Amite River, which runs through the county. Amite County is part of the McComb, MS micropolitan statistical area.
Esther Burnell Mills
Esther Burnell Mills (August 1889–April 8, 1964) was an American pioneer and homesteader in Estes Park, Colorado. Esther Burnell and her sister became the National Park Service's first certified nature guides. She married Enos Mills, who led the establishment of the Rocky Mountain National Park. They ran the Longs Peak Inn, and after her husband's death, Mills continued to operate the inn. She edited and published three post-humous volumes and additional works by Enos Mills. With Hildegarde Hawthorne, she co-authored Enos Mills of the Rockies.

Estes Park, Colorado
Estes Park (/ˈɛstɪs/) is a statutory town in southwestern Larimer County, Colorado, United States. The town population was 5,904 at the 2020 United States census. Estes Park is a part of the Fort Collins, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area and the Front Range Urban Corridor. A popular summer resort and the location of the headquarters for Rocky Mountain National Park, Estes Park lies along the Big Thompson River. Landmarks include The Stanley Hotel and The Baldpate Inn. The town overlooks Lake Estes and Olympus Dam.
Pteris carsei
Pteris carsei is a species of fern native to New Zealand, including the Kermadec Islands. Originally considered a subtype of Pteris comans, the species was first formally described by Patrick Brownsey and John E. Braggins in 2020.

Patrick Brownsey
Patrick John Brownsey (5 May 1948 – 3 November 2023) was a British-born New Zealand botanist who specialised in the systematics of New Zealand ferns, and was for 44 years curator of botany at the National Museum of New Zealand and Te Papa.
The Catalan Institute for Water Research
The Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA) (Catalan: Institut Català de Recerca de l'Aigua; Spanish: Instituto Catalán de Investigación del Agua) is a research institute dedicated to studying the water cycle, hydraulic resources, water quality and treatment and evaluation technologies, which is located at the Parc Cientific i Tecnologic de la Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain. ICRA was created in 2006 by the Government of Catalonia and the University of Girona. 
The research conducted at ICRA covers all aspects related to water, with a particular focus on its sustainable use and the impacts of human activity on water resources. The institute is especially committed to investigating and mitigating the effects of drought, while also addressing issues of water quality, treatment, and reuse, with a strong emphasis on the Mediterranean region.

Water treatment
Water treatment is any process that improves the quality of water to make it appropriate for a specific end-use. The end use may be drinking, industrial water supply, irrigation, river flow maintenance, water recreation or many other uses, including being safely returned to the environment.  Water treatment removes contaminants and undesirable components, or reduces their concentration so that the water becomes fit for its desired end-use. This treatment is crucial to human health and allows humans to benefit from both drinking and irrigation use.
South Wales Trunk Road Agent
The South Wales Trunk Road Agent (SWTRA; Welsh: Asiant Cefnffyrdd De Cymru) is one of the two trunk road agents in Wales. It is responsible for managing motorways and trunk roads in South Wales on behalf of the Welsh Government. Established on 1 April 2006 as the South Wales Trunk Road Agency, and renamed to its current name on 1 April 2012. The agent manages the motorways and trunk roads in the fourteen principal areas of the south of Wales, from the Severn Bridge in the east to Milford Haven in the west. The remainder of Wales is managed by the North and Mid Wales Trunk Road Agent.

Severn Bridge
The Severn Bridge (Welsh: Pont Hafren) is a motorway suspension bridge that spans the River Severn between South Gloucestershire in England and Monmouthshire in South East Wales. It is the original Severn road crossing between England and Wales, and took three and a half years to build, at a cost of £8 million. It replaced the 137-year-old Aust Ferry.

The bridge was opened in 1966 by Queen Elizabeth II. For thirty years, the bridge carried the M4 motorway. It was granted Grade I listed status in 1999.

Following the completion of the Prince of Wales Bridge, the section of motorway from Olveston in England to Magor in Wales was designated the M48.

In addition to carrying the motorway, the bridge has service paths on each side which are open to pedestrians and cyclists. These carry National Cycle Route 4 and EuroVelo cycle routes, as well as hosting a weekly parkrun.
Kandial
Kandial is a village in Batala in Gurdaspur district of Punjab State, India. It is located 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) from sub district headquarter, 26 kilometres (16 mi) from district headquarter. The village is administrated by Sarpanch an elected representative of the village.

Gurdaspur district
Gurdaspur district is a district in the Majha region of the state of Punjab, India. Gurdaspur is the district headquarters. It internationally borders Narowal District of Pakistani Punjab, and the districts of Amritsar, Pathankot, Kapurthala and Hoshiarpur. Two main rivers Beas and Ravi passes through the district. The Mughal emperor Akbar is said to have been enthroned in a garden near Kalanaur, a historically important town in the district. The district is at the foothills of the Himalayas.

As of 2011 it is the third most populous district of Punjab (out of 22), after Ludhiana and Amritsar. Batala, with 31% of the district's population, is its largest city.
Castra of Bumbești-Jiu – Vârtop
The castra of Bumbești-Jiu now known as Vârtop was a fort in the Roman province of Dacia. It is located 35 m west of the Târgu Jiu - Petroșani road, in Bumbești-Jiu (Romania). It defended and secured the entrance to the Jiului gorge and the Roman road from Bumbești through Porceni over the mountains, through the Vâlcan Pass to Sarmisegetuza.

The fort was built between the two Dacian Wars (101-102 and 105–106). Traces of a vicus (civilian settlement) were found nearby.

The earth and wood fort measures 126 m × 115 m. It was surrounded by an earth mound 14 m wide and 0.5–2 m high, a ditch 0.5 m deep and 11 m wide.

It seems that this fort ceased to be used as soon as the Castra of Bumbești-Jiu - Gară was built 800 m to the south.

Vicus
In Ancient Rome, the Latin term vicus (plural vici) designated a village within a rural area (pagus) or the neighbourhood of a larger settlement. During the Republican era, the four regiones of the city of Rome were subdivided into vici. In the 1st century BC, Augustus reorganized the city for administrative purposes into 14 regions, comprising 265 vici. Each vicus had its own board of officials who oversaw local matters. These administrative divisions are recorded as still in effect at least until the mid-4th century.

The word "vicus" was also applied to the smallest administrative unit of a provincial town within the Roman Empire, referring to an ad hoc provincial civilian settlement that sprang up close to and because of a nearby military fort or state-owned mining operation.
Cross-Country : A Book of Australian Verse
Cross-Country : A Book of Australian Verse is an anthology of poetry edited by John Barnes and Brian McFarlane, published by Heinemann in 1984.

The collection contains 177 poems, from a variety of sources.

Gwen Harwood
Gwen Harwood AO (née Gwendoline Nessie Foster, 8 June 1920 – 5 December 1995) was an Australian poet and librettist. Harwood is regarded as one of Australia's finest poets, publishing over 420 works, including 386 poems and 13 librettos. She won numerous poetry awards and prizes, and one of Australia's most significant poetry prizes, the Gwen Harwood Poetry Prize is named for her. Her work is commonly studied in schools and university courses.

Gwen Harwood was the mother of the author John Harwood.
Untouched Takeaway
Untouched Takeaway is an album by British singer-songwriter Nick Lowe. A live recording produced by Lowe and Neil Brockbank, it was released in 2004 by Yep Roc Records. The name is from the song "Lately I've Let Things Slide" from Lowe's album The Convincer:

"That untouched takeaway

I brought home the other day

Has quite a lot to say

The evidence is clear

On every side

Piled high and wide

About how lately I've let things slide"

Neil Brockbank
Neil Brockbank (February 1951 – 30 May 2017) was a British record producer, audio engineer and bass player. He is known for working in close collaboration with Nick Lowe spanning 25 years, producing all of Lowe's albums since 1994's The Impossible Bird.
4-4-6
A 4-4-6, in the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives by wheel arrangement, is a locomotive with:

four (4) leading wheels (at the front of the locomotive)

four (4) driving wheels (2 axles) fixed in a rigid frame, and

six (6) trailing wheels (normally mounted in a trailing truck).

Leading wheel
The leading wheel, or leading axle or pilot wheel, of a steam locomotive is an unpowered wheel or axle located in front of the driving wheels. The axle or axles of the leading wheels are normally located on a leading truck. Leading wheels are used to help the locomotive negotiate curves and to support the front portion of the boiler.
Linnea Ehri
Linnea Carlson Ehri is an American educational psychologist and expert on the development of reading.  She is a Distinguished Professor Emerita of Educational Psychology at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York. Ehri is known for her theory of orthographic mapping, which describes the process of forming "letter-sound connections to bond the spellings, pronunciations, and meanings of specific words in memory" that underlies fluent reading. As a consequence of orthographic mapping, written words are tightly linked with their pronunciations and meanings in memory and can be recognized by sight.

Ehri served on the National Reading Panel, commissioned by the U.S. Congress to report on research-based methods of effective reading instruction from 1997 to 2000. As a member of the panel, she chaired the alphabetics subgroup. Using meta-analysis, the group documented the benefits of systematic phonics and phonemic awareness instruction in helping children learn to read.

Systematic phonics
Systematic phonics is an umbrella term used to describe phonics approaches that are taught explicitly and in a structured, systematic manner. They are called systematic because they involve teaching and practicing a planned, sequential set of phonic elements. Specifically, the letter-sound relations are taught in a "prespecified" sequence, as opposed to incidentally or on a "when needed" basis.

In addition to being explicit and structured, systematic phonics is often accompanied by instruction that is cumulative, multisensory, and supported by diagnostics.
Guillaume Chiche
Guillaume Chiche (born 30 March 1986) is a French politician who was elected to the French National Assembly on 18 June 2017, representing the department of Deux-Sèvres. He was considered a close ally of President Emmanuel Macron. He was elected as a member of La République En Marche!, but left the party and in May 2020, he was one of the 17 initial members who formed the short-lived Ecology Democracy Solidarity group. Since 2020, he is a member of The New Democrats.

Ecology Democracy Solidarity
Ecology Democracy Solidarity (French: Écologie Démocratie Solidarité) was a centre-left parliamentary group in the National Assembly of France. It was formed in May 2020 by members of La République En Marche!, a liberal parliamentary group. After losing three members in the span of two months, the group was forcibly dissolved in October 2020 because it didn’t have enough members. It then became The New Democrats.
Arthrorhabdus mjobergi
Arthrorhabdus mjobergi is a species of centipede in the Scolopendridae family. It is endemic to Australia, and was first described in 1916 by German naturalist Karl Kraepelin from material collected by Swedish zoologist and explorer Eric Mjöberg. It is a relatively small species, averaging 38 millimetres in length, with a pale brownish-yellow body, reddish-brown head, and variably coloured last segment and back legs. Its notable characteristics include short, 17-segmented antennae, mouthparts with 4 or 5 large outward-facing teeth, body segments with distinct median indentations, and varied leg features such as bristles at the base of claws on the first 20 pairs and 2 to 5 spines on the last pair.

Karl Kraepelin
Karl Matthias Friedrich Magnus Kraepelin (/ˈkrɛpəlɪn/; German: [ˈkʁɛːpəliːn]; 14 December 1848 – 28 June 1915) was a German naturalist who specialised in the study of scorpions, centipedes, spiders and solfugids, and was noted for his monograph Scorpiones und Pedipalpi (Berlin) in 1899, which was an exhaustive survey of the taxonomy of the Order Scorpiones. From 1889 to 1914, he served as the director of the Naturhistorisches Museum Hamburg, which was destroyed during World War II, and worked on myriapods from 1901 to 1916.
1969 Kerry Senior Football Championship
The 1969 Kerry Senior Football Championship was the 69th staging of the Kerry Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Kerry County Board in 1889.

East Kerry entered the championship as the defending champions.

The final was played on 7 December 1969 at Austin Stack Park in Tralee, between East Kerry and Waterville, in what was their second consecutive meeting in the final. East Kerry won the match by 2-07 to 1-08 to claim their third championship title overall and a second title in succession.

Tralee
Tralee (/trəˈliː/ trə-LEE; Irish: Trá Lí, pronounced [t̪ˠɾˠaː(j) ˈl̠ʲiː]; formerly Tráigh Lí, meaning 'strand [of the River] Lee') is the county town of County Kerry in the south-west of Ireland. The town is on the northern side of the neck of the Dingle Peninsula, and is the largest town in County Kerry. The town's population was 26,079 as of the 2022 census, making it the 15th largest urban settlement in Ireland. Tralee is known for the Rose of Tralee International Festival, which has been held annually in August since 1959.
Lipogenesis inhibitor
Lipogenesis inhibitor is a class of drug that works by inhibiting de novo lipogenesis—the generation of fatty acids in the body. These drugs target enzymes involved in lipogenesis, such as citrate/isocitrate carrier (CIC), ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FAS). Lipogenesis plays a role in energy intake and expenditure, lipid deposition, insulin sensitivity, cancer, cardiovascular disease, the immune system, and neurogenesis. Potential therapeutic applications for inhibitors include non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.

Fatty acid
In chemistry, particularly in biochemistry, a fatty acid is a carboxylic acid with an aliphatic chain, which is either saturated or unsaturated. Most naturally occurring fatty acids have an unbranched chain of an even number of carbon atoms, from 4 to 28. Fatty acids are a major component of the lipids (up to 70% by weight) in some species such as microalgae but in some other organisms are not found in their standalone form, but instead exist as three main classes of esters: triglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesteryl esters. In any of these forms, fatty acids are both important dietary sources of fuel for animals and important structural components for cells.
4-oxalomesaconate tautomerase
4-oxalomesaconate tautomerase (EC 5.3.2.8, GalD) is an enzyme with systematic name 4-oxalomesaconate keto---enol-isomerase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

(1E)-4-oxobut-1-ene-1,2,4-tricarboxylate  (1E,3E)-4-hydroxybuta-1,3-diene-1,2,4-tricarboxylate

This enzyme has been characterized from the bacterium Pseudomonas putida.

Pseudomonas putida
Pseudomonas putida is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, saprophytic soil bacterium. It has a versatile metabolism and is amenable to genetic manipulation, making it a common organism used in research, bioremediation, and synthesis of chemicals and other compounds.

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has listed P. putida strain KT2440 as Host-vector system safety level 1 certified (HV-1), indicating that it is safe to use without any extra precautions. Thus, use of P. putida in many research labs is preferable to some other Pseudomonas species, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, for example, which is an opportunistic pathogen.
Stockholm–Roslagens Järnvägar
Stockholm–Roslagens Järnvägar (SRJ) was a private railway company in Sweden 1885–1951, running a vast network of narrow gauge railways in Roslagen north of Stockholm. The company was taken over by Swedish State Railways in 1951, formally combined into Swedish State Railways in 1959.

Parts of the SRJ network closest to Stockholm is now used for commuter traffic and called Roslagsbanan, owned by Storstockholms Lokaltrafik (SL). The line between Hargshamn and Dannemora has been converted to standard gauge and made part of the national, government owned network. Another part close to Uppsala is used as a heritage railway and called Upsala–Lenna Jernväg. All other parts are now closed.

SJ AB
SJ is the primary passenger train operator in Sweden. A wholly state-owned company operated for-profit under market conditions, SJ operates various services across Sweden. SJ's operations include high-speed trains, intercity trains, night trains, and regional trains, with some services extending into Denmark, Norway and Germany.

SJ traces its roots back to 1856, however was established in its current form as a passenger train operator (SJ AB) in 2001, following the restructuring of Statens Järnvägar, the former government agency responsible for the Swedish railways. SJ AB also has subsidiaries such as SJ Götalandståg, SJ Stockholmståg, and SJ Norge AS, which operate procured regional services in Western Sweden, Stockholm County and Norway, respectively. In 2018, SJ carried 31.8 million passengers.
Lamination
Lamination is the technique/process of manufacturing a material in multiple layers, so that the composite material achieves improved strength, stability, sound insulation, appearance, or other properties from the use of the differing materials, such as plastic. A laminate is a layered object or material assembled using heat, pressure, welding, or adhesives.  Various coating machines, machine presses and calendering equipment are used.

Lamination may be applied to textiles, glass, wood, or other materials. Laminating paper in plastic makes it sturdy, waterproof, and erasable. Laminating metals and electronic components may provide electrical insulation and other benefits.

Strength of materials
The strength of materials is determined using various methods of calculating the stresses and strains in structural members, such as beams, columns, and shafts. The methods employed to predict the response of a structure under loading and its susceptibility to various failure modes takes into account the properties of the materials, such as yield strength, ultimate strength, Young's modulus, and Poisson's ratio. In addition, the mechanical element's macroscopic (geometric) properties, such as its length, width, thickness, boundary constraints, and abrupt changes in geometry, such as holes, are considered.

The theory began with the consideration of the behavior of one and two dimensional members of structures, whose states of stress can be approximated as two dimensional, and was then generalized to three dimensions to develop a more complete theory of the elastic and plastic behavior of materials. An important founding pioneer in mechanics of materials was Stephen Timoshenko.