hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Al-Tuba (Masafer Yatta)
Khirbet a-Tuba (Arabic: ٱلطُّوبَا, also: Al-Tuba or Tuba) is a small Palestinian herding hamlet in the South Hebron Hills, within the Masafer Yatta cluster of communities in the Hebron Governorate of the southern West Bank. Like other Masafer Yatta localities, it lies in Area C under Israeli civil and military control. Large parts of the surrounding area were designated Firing Zone 918 in the 1980s, with residents facing demolition orders, planning restrictions and recurrent settler-related incidents.

Hebron Governorate
The Hebron Governorate (Arabic: محافظة الخليل, romanized: Muḥāfaẓat al-Khalīl) is an administrative district of Palestine in the southern West Bank.

The governorate's land area is 1,060 square kilometres (410 sq mi) and its population according to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics in mid-year 2019 was 1,004,510. This makes the Hebron Governorate the largest of 16 governorates in both population and land area in the Palestinian territories. The city of Hebron is the district capital or muhfaza (seat) of the governorate. The current Governor of Hebron is Khaled Dudin.

During the first six months of the First Intifada 42 people in Hebron Governorate were killed by the Israeli army.
USS Flying Fish
Three ships of the United States Navy have borne the name USS Flying Fish, named in honor of the flying fish.

USS Flying Fish (1838), was a schooner, purchased in 1838 and sold in 1842. She was used in Charles Wilkes exploration of Antarctica

USS Flying Fish (SS-229), was a Gato-class submarine, commissioned in 1942 and struck in 1958

USS Flying Fish (SSN-673), was a Sturgeon-class submarine, commissioned in 1970 and struck in 1996

USS Flying Fish (1838)
USS Flying Fish was formerly the New York City pilot boat schooner Independence. Purchased by the United States Navy at New York City on 3 August 1838 and upon joining her squadron in Hampton Roads on 12 August 1838, she was placed under command of Passed Midshipman S. R. Knox.
Isidore Blake
Isidore John Blake (1812 – 10 October 1882) was an Irish-born Australian politician and judge.

He was born at Portarlington in Queens County to army captain Richard Blake and his wife Charlotte. He attended Trinity College, Dublin, and in 1838 was called to the bar. In 1840 he married Henrietta Eyre Maunsell, with whom he had six children. By 1854 he was practising law as a barrister in Sydney. His wife died in 1858, the year he was appointed to the New South Wales Legislative Council. He left the Council in 1859 and was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for Hunter in 1860, but he resigned in 1861 on his appointment as a District Court judge. On 15 January 1862 he married widow Jane Townsend; she died in 1866 and his third marriage, on 5 October 1871, was to Amelia Caroline Bressow. In 1867 he had moved to Queensland, and in 1878 he was appointed to the Queensland Central District Court. He died at Hamilton in 1882.

Portarlington, County Laois
Portarlington, historically called Cooletoodera (from Irish: Cúil an tSúdaire, meaning 'nook of the tanner'), is a town on the border of County Laois and County Offaly, Ireland. The River Barrow forms the border. Portarlington is around 70 kilometres (43 mi) west of Dublin. The town was recorded in the 2022 census as having a population of 9,288.
Satoru Someya
Satoru Someya (ca. 1965 – 6 September 2003), who was a Japanese freelance journalist reporting on organized crime in Kabukichō, Tokyo, Japan, under the pen name Kuragaki Kashiwabara, was kidnapped and murdered in retaliation for his reporting about locksmiths and their involvement in thefts and for refusing to apologize to one of the subjects in a book before the fatal crime. He is the only journalist listed as confirmed by the Committee to Protect Journalists to be killed in Japan for his journalism.

Committee to Protect Journalists
The Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ) is an American 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization based in New York City, with correspondents around the world. CPJ promotes press freedom and defends the rights of journalists. The American Journalism Review has called the organization "Journalism's Red Cross." Since the late 1980s, CPJ has published an annual census of journalists killed or imprisoned in relation to their work.
The End of Alchemy
The End of Alchemy is a book written by Mervyn King, the former Bank of England Governor from 2003-2013, including during the 2008 financial crisis. The book focuses on the history, flaws, and future of money, banking, and financial systems. Alchemy is referring to the money creation process in which banks 'manufacture' the new money supply as debt in the debt-based monetary system, where banks create margin for themselves and invest it as debt, such as mortgages, loans, bonds, treasuries, and other debt-based financial instruments.

The leverage created by banks creates the economic bubbles that the Central banks have to pop with deflationary monetary policy that typically causes unemployment to rise.

Margin (finance)
In finance, margin is the collateral that a holder of a financial instrument has to deposit with a counterparty (most often a broker or an exchange) to cover some or all of the credit risk the holder poses for the counterparty. This risk can arise if the holder has done any of the following:

Borrowed cash from the counterparty to buy financial instruments,

Borrowed financial instruments to sell them short,

Entered into a derivative contract.

The collateral for a margin account can be the cash deposited in the account or securities provided, and represents the funds available to the account holder for further share trading. On United States futures exchanges, margins were formerly called performance bonds. Most of the exchanges today use SPAN ("Standard Portfolio Analysis of Risk") methodology, which was developed by the Chicago Mercantile Exchange in 1988, for calculating margins for options and futures.
Dora L. Costa
Dora L. Costa (born 1964) is an American economics professor at the University of California, Los Angeles where she is the Kenneth L. Sokoloff Professor of Economic History. She is also the department chair of the economics department. In addition to her teaching position, Costa is a research associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER).

She is married to fellow economist Matthew Edwin Kahn who is a professor at the University of Southern California's economics department and a Bloomberg Distinguished Professor at Johns Hopkins University's Economics Department and Business School.

Kenneth Sokoloff
Kenneth Lee Sokoloff (July 27, 1952 – May 21, 2007) was an American economic historian who was broadly interested in the interaction between initial factor endowments, institutions, and economic growth. In particular, he examined the influence of factor endowments on economic development in the New World and the role of 19th century United States patent law in encouraging innovation.
Hyalorista opalizalis
Hyalorista opalizalis is a pyraloid moth in the subfamily Pyraustinae of the family Crambidae. It was described in 1854 by the French entomologist Achille Guenée based on two male and two female adult specimens collected in Brazil.

In 1995, the species was transferred to its current generic placement in the genus Hyalorista.

Hyalorista opalizalis is found in Honduras and Brazil. The larvae are recorded from two host plant species in the family Lamiaceae: Ocimum basilicum and Origanum majorana.

Basil
Basil (Ocimum basilicum), also called great basil, is a culinary herb of the family Lamiaceae (mints). It is a tender plant, and is used in cuisines worldwide. In Western cuisine, the generic term "basil" refers to the variety also known as Genovese basil or sweet basil. Basil is native to tropical regions from Central Africa to Southeast Asia. In temperate climates basil is treated as an annual plant, but it can be grown as a short-lived perennial or biennial in warmer horticultural zones with tropical or Mediterranean climates.

There are many varieties of basil including sweet basil, Thai basil (O. basilicum var. thyrsiflora), and Mrs. Burns' Lemon (O. basilicum var. citriodora). O. basilicum can cross-pollinate with other species of the Ocimum genus, producing hybrids such as lemon basil (O. × africanum) and African blue basil (O. × kilimandscharicum).
Château de Péronne
The Château de Péronne is a partly ruined castle in the commune of Péronne in the Somme département of France.

It consists of the ruins of three towers and the curtain walls connecting them.

The castle is the property of the commune. It has been listed since 1924 as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture. Within the castle is the Historial de la Grande Guerre, a museum of the First World War.

Ministry of Culture (France)
The Ministry of Culture (French: Ministère de la Culture [ministɛʁ də la kyltyʁ]) is the ministry of the Government of France in charge of national museums and the monuments historiques. Its goal is to maintain the French identity through the promotion and protection of the arts (visual, plastic, theatrical, musical, dance, architectural, literary, televisual and cinematographic) on national soil and abroad. Its budget is mainly dedicated to the management of the Archives Nationales (six national sites and hundred decentralised storage facilities) and the regional Maisons de la culture (culture centres).

Its main office is in the Palais-Royal in the 1st arrondissement of Paris on the Rue de Valois. It is headed by the Minister of Culture, a cabinet member. The most recent officeholder has been Rachida Dati, before she resigned to focus on her candidacy of the 2026 Paris municipal election.
Faerie (DC Comics)
Faerie, The Fair Lands or The Twilight Realm is one of two fictional otherdimensional homelands for the Faerie, as published by DC Comics. The Vertigo Comics realm of Faerie is an amalgam of the mythological realms of Álfheimr, Otherworld, the Fortunate Isles, Tír na nÓg and Avalon. This mix is heavily influenced by Shakespeare's play A Midsummer Night's Dream. It is home to the faeries and other mythical races, ruled over by the Seelie Court and King Auberon and Queen Titania. Faerie debuted in The Books of Magic #3, and was created by Neil Gaiman and Charles Vess.

Tír na nÓg
In Irish mythology, Tír na nÓg (/ˌtɪərnæˈnoʊɡ/ TEER-nan-OHG, Irish: [ˌtʲiːɾʲ n̪ˠə ˈn̪ˠoːɡ];  lit. 'Land of the Young') or Tír na hÓige ('Land of Youth') is one of the names for the Celtic Otherworld. Tír na nÓg is best known from the tale of Oisín (Irish pronunciation: [ˈɔʃiːnʲ, ɔˈʃiːnʲ]) and Niamh (Irish pronunciation: [n̠ʲiəw]).

In Scottish Gaelic it is spelt Tìr nan Òg ([ˌtʲʰiːɾʲ nən̪ˠ ˈɔːk]) and in Manx, Cheer nyn Aeg.
2017 in archosaur paleontology
Paleontology portal

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The year 2017 in archosaur paleontology was eventful.  Archosaurs include the only living dinosaur group — birds — and the reptile crocodilians, plus all extinct dinosaurs,  extinct crocodilian relatives, and pterosaurs. Archosaur palaeontology is the scientific study of those animals, especially as they existed before the Holocene Epoch began about 11,700 years ago.  The year 2017 in paleontology included various significant developments regarding archosaurs.

This article records new taxa of fossil archosaurs of every kind that have been described during the year 2017, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to paleontology of archosaurs that occurred in the year 2017.

Middle Jurassic
The Middle Jurassic is the second epoch of the Jurassic Period. It lasted from about 174.1 to 161.5 million years ago. Fossils of land-dwelling animals, such as dinosaurs, from the Middle Jurassic are relatively rare, but geological formations containing land animal fossils include the Forest Marble Formation in England, the Kilmaluag Formation in Scotland, the Calcaire de Caen of France, the Daohugou Beds in China, the Itat Formation in Russia, the Tiourarén Formationof Niger, and the Isalo III Formation of western Madagascar. Rocks of the Middle Jurassic were formerly (until about 1980s) in Europe called Dogger or Brown Jurassic.
Viader
Viader Vineyards & Winery (oft spelled capitalized as VIADER) is a 96 acres (39 ha) winery located in Deer Park, California, United States at 1,400 feet of elevation. It was founded in 1986 by an Argentinian immigrant to the United States, Delia Viader, after receiving a loan from her father to start the business. The winery produces wine from mostly red grape varieties such as Cabernet sauvignon, Cabernet franc, Petit verdot, Malbec, and blends of some of these reds with one another. According to Wine Industry advisor, "96% percent of VIADER’s wines are not available to the general public", being sold instead mostly to visitors to the winery itself.

The Viader winery has been certified organic since its opening.

In 2006 Delia Viader's son, Alan Viader, became the lead winemaker running the vineyard and winery.

Argentine Americans
Argentine Americans (Spanish: argentino-estadounidenses) are Americans who have full or partial Argentinian ancestry. Argentine immigration increased after the 1976 Argentine coup d'état and the 2001 Argentine Great Depression, and many took up residence in states such as California, Florida, and New York.
Hugh Blackwell
Hugh Allen Blackwell (born July 14, 1944) is an American politician in Burke County, North Carolina. Blackwell is a member in the North Carolina House of Representatives, District 86, which covers half of Burke County.  A Harvard Law School graduate, Hugh Blackwell is a partner in a law practice based in Valdese.  Blackwell is a board of trustees member for Western Piedmont Community College in Morganton.  He also served as a member on the Burke County School Board before pursuing a political career in state government.

Government of North Carolina
The government of North Carolina is divided into three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. These consist of the Council of State (led by the Governor), the bicameral legislature (called the General Assembly), and the state court system (headed by the North Carolina Supreme Court). The Constitution of North Carolina delineates the structure and function of the state government.
Zenpuku-ji
Zenpuku-ji (善福寺), also known as Azabu-san (麻布山), is a Jōdo Shinshū temple located in the Azabu district of Tokyo, Japan. It is one of the oldest Tokyo temples, after Asakusa. The temple is designated as a Historical Site by the Tokyo Metropolitan Givenerment.

Asakusa
Asakusa (浅草; Japanese: [asakɯ̥ꜜsa] ⓘ) is a district in Taitō, Tokyo, Japan. It is known for Sensō-ji, a Buddhist temple dedicated to the bodhisattva Kannon. There are several other temples in Asakusa, as well as various festivals, such as Sanja Matsuri.
Dynjandi
Dynjandi (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈtɪnjantɪ] ⓘ, also known as Fjallfoss [ˈfjatl̥ˌfɔsː]) is a waterfall located in Arnarfjörður in the Westfjords region of Iceland. It is the largest waterfall in the Westfjords and has a total height of 100 metres (330 ft). Below it are five other waterfalls: Háifoss, Úðafoss, Göngufoss, Hundafoss and Bæjarfoss.

Dynjandi and other waterfalls in Dynjandisá and their surroundings were protected as natural monuments in 1981.

Dynjandisheiði is a mountain pass over the falls that contains the first-built car-accessible road to Ísafjörður.

Ísafjörður
Ísafjörður (pronounced [ˈiːsaˌfjœrðʏr̥] ⓘ, meaning ice fjord, literally fjord of ices) is a town in the northwest of Iceland.

The oldest part of Ísafjörður with the town centre is located on a spit of sand, or eyri, in Skutulsfjörður, a fjord which meets the waters of the larger fjord Ísafjarðardjúp. With a population of about 2,600, Ísafjörður is the largest settlement in the peninsula of Vestfirðir (Westfjords) and the administration centre of the Ísafjarðarbær municipality, which includes—besides Ísafjörður—the nearby villages of Hnífsdalur, Flateyri, Suðureyri, and Þingeyri.
Eysteinn Valdason
Eysteinn Valdason (Old Norse: [ˈœyˌstɛinː ˈwɑldɑˌson]; Modern Icelandic: [ˈeiːˌsteitn ˈvaltaˌsɔːn]) was a 10th-century Icelandic skald. Three half-stanzas from a poem about Thor are all that survive of his work. Preserved in Snorri Sturluson's Skáldskaparmál (4) only, they deal with Thor's fishing expedition with the giant Hymir, where the god attempts to kill Jörmungandr.

Snorri Sturluson
Snorri Sturluson (Old Norse: [ˈsnorːe ˈsturloˌson]; Icelandic: [ˈstnɔrːɪ ˈstʏ(r)tlʏˌsɔːn]; 1179 – 23 September 1241) was an Icelandic historian, poet, knight, and politician. He was elected twice as lawspeaker of the Icelandic parliament, the Althing. He is commonly thought to have authored or compiled portions of the Prose Edda, which is a major source for what is today known about Norse mythology and alliterative verse, and Heimskringla, a history of the Norse kings that begins with legendary material in Ynglinga saga and moves through to early medieval Scandinavian history. For stylistic and methodological reasons, Snorri is often taken to be the author of Egil's Saga. He was assassinated in 1241 by men claiming to be agents of the King of Norway.
2007–08 Vyshcha Liha Reserves
The 2007–08 Ukrainian Premier League Reserves and Under 19 season were competitions between the reserves of Ukrainian Premier League Clubs and the Under 19s.

The events in the senior leagues during the 2004–05 season saw Illichivets Mariupol Reserves and Stal Alchevsk Reserves be relegated with Naftovyk Okhtyrka Reserves and Zakarpattia Uzhhorod Reserves entering the competition.

FC Naftovyk Okhtyrka
Football Club Naftovyk Okhtyrka is a Ukrainian amateur football club based in Okhtyrka, Sumy Oblast, where it was founded in 1980. The name of the club means "oiler" in Ukrainian. Ukrnafta company owned the club between 2004 and 2018. The club was dissolved in July 2018, but refounded again in 2020.
Maria Santore
Maria Monica Santore is an American materials scientist whose research involves the surfaces of soft materials, including adhesion, lubrication, membrane assembly, and nanoscale patterns on the surfaces of microparticles. She is a professor of polymer science and engineering at the University of Massachusetts Amherst.

Lubrication
Lubrication is the process or technique of using a lubricant to reduce friction and wear and tear in a contact between two surfaces. The study of lubrication is a discipline in the field of tribology.

Lubrication mechanisms such as fluid-lubricated systems are designed so that the applied load is partially or completely carried by hydrodynamic or hydrostatic pressure, which reduces solid body interactions (and consequently friction and wear). Depending on the degree of surface separation, different lubrication regimes can be distinguished.

Adequate lubrication allows smooth, continuous operation of machine elements, reduces the rate of wear, and prevents excessive stresses or seizures at bearings. By repelling water and other substances, it also reduces corrosion. When lubrication breaks down, components can rub destructively against each other, causing heat, local welding, destructive damage and failure.
2006 J.League Cup
The 2006 edition of the J.League Cup, officially the 2006 J.League Yamazaki Nabisco Cup was sponsored by Nabisco. First-round matches were held from March 29 through May 21. Gamba Osaka were exempt from competing in the group stage, due to their entry into the Asian Champions League. They were therefore entered into the quarter-final stage.

The final was on November 3 at the Tokyo National Stadium. The winners were JEF United Ichihara Chiba, beating Kashima Antlers in the final 2–0 to claim its second J.League Cup.

Kawasaki Frontale
Kawasaki Frontale (川崎フロンターレ, Kawasaki Furontāre) is a Japanese professional football club based in Kawasaki, Kanagawa Prefecture, south of Tokyo. The club currently compete in the J1 League, which is the top tier of football in the country. Their home stadium is Kawasaki Todoroki Stadium in Nakahara Ward, located in the central area of Kawasaki.
Nichinan, Miyazaki
Nichinan (日南市, Nichinan-shi) is a city in Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan.  As of 1 May 2023, the city had an estimated population of 47,872 in 21482 households, and a  population density of 89 persons per km².  The total area of the city is 536.11 km2 (206.99 sq mi).

Hyūga Sea
The Hyūga Nada (Japanese: 日向灘) is the part of the Pacific Ocean that lies off the eastern shore of the island of Kyushu, to the south-west of the island of Honshu, off the south coast of Japan. Its name is derived from the former province of Hyūga, which corresponded to the prefecture of Miyazaki before the Meiji Restoration. Also, earthquakes occur repeatedly in Hyuga Nada (For example, 1968 Hyuga-nada earthquake).
William C. Newland
William Calhoun Newland (October 8, 1860 – November 18, 1938) was an American attorney who served a term as the 11th  Lieutenant Governor of North Carolina (1909–1913).

A Democrat, Newland had previously served as mayor of his hometown, Lenoir, North Carolina twice from 1887 to 1888 and from 1901 to 1903, and was elected to terms in the North Carolina Senate (1881–1882) and in the North Carolina House of Representatives (1889–1890, 1903–1904). While in the General Assembly, Newland introduced and sponsored the bill that established Appalachian State University.
In 1904, Newland lost a close race for Congress to E. Spencer Blackburn.

The town of Newland, North Carolina was named after him as part of a political deal to secure his aid in passage of the bill that established Avery County in 1911. Newland is the seat of Avery County.

North Carolina House of Representatives
The North Carolina House of Representatives is one of the two houses of the North Carolina General Assembly. The House is a 120-member body led by a Speaker of the House, who holds powers similar to those of the President pro-tem in the North Carolina Senate. Representatives serve two-year terms.

The qualifications to be a member of the House are found in the state Constitution: "Each Representative, at the time of his election, shall be a qualified voter of the State, and shall have resided in the district for which he is chosen for one year immediately preceding his election." Elsewhere, the constitution specifies that qualified voters that are 21 are eligible for candidacy except if otherwise disqualified by the constitution, and that no elected officials may deny the existence of God, although the latter provision is no longer enforced.

Prior to the Constitution of 1868, the lower house of the North Carolina Legislature was known as the North Carolina House of Commons.
Morrison ministry
Morrison ministry may mean:

First Morrison ministry (2018–2019), the 71st ministry of the Government of Australia

Second Morrison ministry,  (2019–2022), the 72nd ministry of the Government of Australia

First Morrison ministry
The first Morrison ministry (Liberal–National Coalition) was the 71st ministry of the Government of Australia. It was led by Prime Minister, Scott Morrison. The Morrison ministry succeeded the second Turnbull ministry, which dissolved on 24 August 2018 following the Liberal Party leadership spills.

Morrison and his treasurer Josh Frydenberg were sworn in on 24 August. The full ministry was announced on 26 August and sworn in on 28 August 2018. Following Morrison's victory in the 2019 federal election, the second Morrison ministry was formed in 2019.
Fever (1991 film)
Fever is a 1991 made-for-TV thriller film, starring Armand Assante, Marcia Gay Harden and Sam Neill. It was written by Larry Brothers and directed by Larry Elikann. The film was first aired at HBO on May 11, 1991.

1991 in film
The year 1991 in film involved numerous significant events. Important films released this year included The Silence of the Lambs, Beauty and the Beast, Thelma & Louise, JFK and Terminator 2: Judgment Day.