hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nymphodorus (physician)
Nymphodorus, (Greek: Νυμφόδωρος; 3rd century BC), a Greek physician, who must have lived in or before the 3rd century BC, as he is mentioned by Heraclides of Tarentum. He was celebrated for the invention of a machine for the reduction of dislocations, called glossokomon (Greek: γλωσσόκομον), which was afterwards somewhat modified by Aristion, and of which a description is given by Oribasius. He is mentioned by Celsus along with several other eminent surgeons.

Joint dislocation
A joint dislocation, also called luxation, occurs when there is an abnormal separation in the joint, where two or more bones meet. A partial dislocation is referred to as a subluxation. Dislocations are commonly caused by sudden trauma to the joint like during a car accident or fall. A joint dislocation can damage the surrounding ligaments, tendons, muscles, and nerves. Dislocations can occur in any major joint (shoulder, knees, hips) or minor joint (toes, fingers). The most common joint dislocation is a shoulder dislocation.

The treatment for joint dislocation is usually by closed reduction, that is, skilled manipulation to return the bones to their normal position. Only trained medical professionals should perform reductions since the manipulation can cause injury to the surrounding soft tissue, nerves, or vascular structures.
Caramelization
Caramelization (or caramelisation) is a process of browning of sugar used extensively in cooking for the resulting butter-like flavor and brown color. The brown colors are produced by three groups of polymers: caramelans (C24H36O18), caramelens (C36H50O25), and caramelins (C125H188O80). As the process occurs, volatile chemicals such as diacetyl (known for its intense butter-like taste) are released, producing the characteristic caramel flavor.

Like the Maillard reaction, caramelization is a type of non-enzymatic browning. Unlike the Maillard reaction, caramelization is  pyrolytic, as opposed to being a reaction with amino acids.

When caramelization involves the disaccharide sucrose, it is broken down into the monosaccharides fructose and glucose.

Fructose
Fructose (/ˈfrʌktoʊs, -oʊz/), or fruit sugar, is a common monosaccharide, i.e. a simple sugar. It is classified as a reducing hexose, more specifically a ketonic simple sugar found in many plants, where it is often bonded to glucose to form the disaccharide sucrose. A white, water-soluble solid, it is one of the three dietary monosaccharides, along with glucose and galactose.
Fructose is found in honey, tree and vine fruits, flowers, berries, and most root vegetables.
Kumar (actor)
Kumar (born Syed Ali Hasan Zaidi; 23 September 1903 – 4 June 1982), alternatively known as M. Kumar, was an Indian film producer and actor, who played character roles in Hindi cinema from early 1930s to early 1960s. He migrated to Pakistan in 1963.

Sohni Mahiwal (1958 film)
Sohni Mahiwal is a 1958 Indian Hindi-language historical romance film directed by Raja Nawathe and produced by J. N. Choudhary. The film stars Bharat Bhushan, Nimmi and Om Prakash in lead roles. The film's music is composed by Naushad. It is based on the tragic romance of Sohni Mahiwal.
Denise Beckwith
Denise Beckwith (born 7 December 1977) is a Paralympic swimming competitor from Australia. She was born in Sydney, New South Wales. She won a bronze medal at the 2000 Sydney Games in the Women's 4x50 m Freestyle 20 pts event.

2000 Summer Paralympics
The 2000 Summer Paralympic Games or the XI Summer Paralympics were held in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, between 18 and 29 October. The Sydney Paralympics was the last time that the Summer Paralympics were organised by two different Organizing Committees. In this edition, a record 3,801 athletes from 123 National Paralympic Committees participated in 551 events in 18 sports. The 2000 Summer Paralympics were the second largest sporting event ever until that date held in Australia and in the Southern Hemisphere. Sydney was the eighth city to jointly host the Olympic and Paralympic Games. However, it was only the fourth to jointly organise both events in complete conjunction with the Olympics. This edition was also the first time that the Paralympics were held in Australia and Oceania.
Jindeok of Silla
Jindeok (Korean: 진덕; Hanja: 眞德; ?–654), reigned as Queen of Silla, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea, from 647 to 654. She was the kingdom's 28th ruler, and its second reigning queen following her predecessor Queen Seondeok. During her reign, Silla jockeyed with Baekje for favor in the Chinese Tang court. She is also known for writing a poem of the Emperor Gaozong of Tang. According to the Samguk sagi, she was voluptuous, beautiful, and tall, standing at 7 chi.

Chi (unit)
The chi (Tongyong Pinyin chih) is a traditional Chinese unit of length. Although it is often translated as the "Chinese foot", its length was originally derived from the distance measured by a human hand, from the tip of the thumb to the tip of the forefinger, and is similar to the ancient span. It first appeared during China's Shang dynasty approximately 3,000 years ago and has since been adopted by other East Asian cultures such as Japan (shaku), Korea (ja/cheok), and Vietnam (thước). Its present value is standardized at around one-third meter (1 ft 1 in), although the exact standards vary among the mainland of the People's Republic of China, its special administrative region of Hong Kong, and Taiwan.

In its ancient and modern forms, the chi is divided into 10 smaller units known as cun (the "Chinese inch"). 10 chi are equal to 1 zhàng.
Kalakarz
Kalakarz is a reality television series which aired on DD National in India, featuring a competition for new actors. Richa Tiwari from Sagar, Madhya Pradesh won the show who was later seen in other DD National Programs as well. The show was hosted by Shraddha Nigam and Hussain Kuwajerwala, and was judged by Amol Palekar and Deepti Naval. The show was produced by Supriya Khan.

DD National
DD National (formerly DD1) is an Indian state-owned entertainment television channel, founded by the Government of India, owned by the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. It is the flagship channel of Doordarshan, launched 
on 15 September 1959. India's public service broadcaster, and the oldest and most widely available terrestrial television channel in India.
Nimb Hotel
Nimb Hotel, or simply the Nimb, is a five-star boutique hotel in the Tivoli Gardens in Copenhagen, Denmark. The hotel is located in a historic building from 1909 and was built in a Neo Mudejar 19th century carnival style. The Nimb Hotel regularly appears in the top five-star Hotels lists, in 2009 Condé Nast Traveller ranked it as #40 on their list of the best hotels in the world.

Neo-Mudéjar
Neo-Mudéjar is a type of Moorish Revival architecture practised in the Iberian Peninsula and to a far lesser extent in Ibero-America. This architectural movement emerged as a revival of Mudéjar style. It was an architectural trend of the late 19th and early 20th centuries that began in Madrid and Barcelona and quickly spread to other regions in Spain and Portugal. It used Mudéjar style elements such as the horseshoe arch, arabesque tiling, and abstract shaped brick ornamentations for the façades of modern buildings.
Spanish names of the Basque Country
In the Spanish public discourse the territory traditionally inhabited by the Basques was assigned a variety of names across the centuries. Terms used might have been almost identical, with hardly noticeable difference in content and connotation, or they could have varied enormously, also when consciously used one against another. The names used demonstrate changing perceptions of the area and until today the nomenclature employed could be battleground between partisans of different options.

Basques
The Basques are a Southwestern European ethnic group, characterised by the Basque language, a common culture, shared genetic ancestry to the ancient Vascones and Aquitanians, and are considered among the last remaining direct descendants of Neolithic Europeans populations in Europe. Basques are indigenous to, and primarily inhabit, an area traditionally known as the Basque Country (Basque: Euskal Herria)—a region that is located around the western end of the Pyrenees on the coast of the Bay of Biscay and straddles parts of north-central Spain and south-western France.
Lehovo
Lehovo (Bulgarian: Лехово) is a village in the municipality of Sandanski, in Blagoevgrad Province, southwestern Bulgaria.

Located in the northwestern reaches of the Slavyanka (Alibotush) mountain, Lehovo enjoys a transitional Mediterranean climate. Lehovo is part of the historical region of Marvashko, once a major mining and iron smithing area spanning the western part of the modern Bulgarian–Greek border. Lehovo lies east of the Kulata–Promachonas border crossing, southeast of Sandanski, northeast of Sidirokastro and just to the northeast of Agkistro.

After 1913, the village's former land remained within Greek territory, just a kilometer to the south, and all of its residents resettled to the village's present location within the borders of Bulgaria. Several accounts and leads point that Lehovo was originally populated by Polish and/or other Central European miners, who were subsequently Bulgarianized.

Agkistro
Agkistro or alternatively Agistro (Greek: Άγκιστρο, pronounced [ˈaɟistɾo]), is a village in the Serres regional unit, Greece. The village is part of the municipality of Sintiki and hosts a population of 350, according to the 2021 census. The municipal unit has an area of 70.937 km2. Agistro lies near the Greek-Bulgarian border and 10 km from the border crossing of Promachonas. The village main tourist attraction is its steam bath complex, which dates from the Byzantine period.
Fagalele Boys School
The Fagalele Boys School, in Leone, American Samoa, is a historic building that was listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 1972.  It is a church school built by the London Missionary Society, perhaps as early as 1850–1856, but before 1900.  It was the first secondary school in what is now American Samoa, and it perhaps is the oldest surviving building on Tutuila Island.

It is a U-shaped building fitting within an 80-by-60-foot (24 m × 18 m) rectangle, apparently built of reinforced concrete or of rocks with a cement-plaster exterior.

The LMS Fagatele Boys School was built in 1855, the same year that the Samoan version of the Old Testament was printed for the first time. Originally, it consisted of schoolrooms and living quarters for the pastor. It was here that students were trained for entry to the LMS Seminary in Western Samoa. It is possibly the oldest building in American Samoa. It is the oldest European-style building on Tutuila Island.

Christian school
A Christian school is a religious school run on Christian principles or by a Christian organization. These schools often include religious education and worship in their curriculum. They may also have a distinct Christian mission or philosophy.

The nature of Christian schools varies enormously from country to country, according to the religious, educational, and political cultures. In some countries, there is a strict separation of church and state, so all religious schools are private; in others, there is an established church whose teachings form an integral part of the state-operated educational system; in yet others, the state subsidizes religious schools of various denominations.
Maksym Startsev
Maksym Oleksandrovych Startsev (Ukrainian: Максим Олександрович Старцев; born 20 January 1980) is a Ukrainian former football player and coach. A goalkeeper, he played for Kryvbas Kryvyi Rih, Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk, Tavriya Simferopol, and Metalurh Zaporizhya in the Ukrainian Premier League.

FC Kryvbas Kryvyi Rih
FC Kryvbas Kryvyi Rih (Ukrainian: Футбольний Клуб Кривбас Кривий Ріг) is a Ukrainian professional football club based in Kryvyi Rih.

Until 2013 the club participated in professional competitions. In June 2013 the club went bankrupt and was expelled from the Ukrainian Premier League. There was a failed attempt to revive the club in 2014, until finally the club was reestablished again in 2015. In 2020, it was restructured as Football Club Kryvbas Kryvyi Rih based on Hirnyk Kryvyi Rih (founded in 1925), which took on the Football Club Kryvbas's brand. Many people consider the original Football Club Kryvbas Kryvyi Rih (founded in	1959) and the Football Club Kryvbas Kryvyi Rih of 2020 as one and the same club.
Songpa District
Songpa District (Korean: 송파구; RR: Songpa-gu) is one of the 25 districts of Seoul, South Korea. Previously known as Wiryeseong, the first capital of the ancient kingdom of Baekje, Songpa is located in the southeastern part of Seoul. With roughly 647,000 residents, Songpa is also the largest district in Seoul by population.

Songpa was at the center of 1988 Summer Olympics, and most of the sports facilities associated with that event are located within the district.

In 2009, Songpa was named one of the world's most livable cities at the LivCom Awards presented by the United Nations Environment Programme.

H.O.T.
H.O.T. (Korean: 에이치오티; pronounced "H. O. T.", acronym for Highfive of Teenagers) was a South Korean boy band that was created by SM Entertainment in 1996. They are considered to be the first K-pop idol group and their successful formula became the model for many K-pop groups that followed them. The group consisted of five members: Moon Hee-joon, Jang Woo-hyuk, Tony Ahn, Kangta, and Lee Jae-won.

H.O.T. sold over 6.4 million records in South Korea during their career. They were also commercially successful in China and Taiwan, and were among the first stars of the Korean Wave in Asia.

The group broke up in 2001 following a contract disagreement with SM Entertainment, prompting hundreds of fans to stage protests against the company.
Currently, only Kangta, an executive of SM Entertainment, remains at the company.
James W. Motley
James W. Motley (September 3, 1836—June 4, 1887) was a Texas legislator and doctor that represented district 3 of the Texas Senate during the 15th and 16th legislatures. At the time, district 3 was composed of Panola, Rusk, and Shelby County.

Shelby County, Texas
Shelby County is a county located in the far eastern portion of the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 24,022. Its county seat is Center. The county was established in 1835 as a municipality of Mexico and organized as a county in 1837. It is named for Isaac Shelby, a soldier in the American Revolution who became the first governor of Kentucky.
Myra Freeman
Myra Ava Freeman CM ONS MSM CD (born May 17, 1949) is a Canadian philanthropist, teacher, the 29th and first female Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia.

Freeman was born Myra Ava Holtzman in Saint John, New Brunswick, the daughter of Anne Golda (Freedman), a homemaker, and Harry Holtzman, a businessman. She graduated from Dalhousie University with a Bachelor of Arts and a Bachelor of Education. In 1971, she started teaching with the Halifax Regional School Board until her appointment.

She was appointed lieutenant governor in 2000 by Governor General Adrienne Clarkson, on the advice of Jean Chrétien. She served as lieutenant governor until September 7, 2006.

Freeman and her husband, Larry, have three children: Daniel M. Freeman, Jonathan Freeman and Debra Freeman.

In her childhood, Freeman was a member of the Girl Guides of Canada, participating in Guiding youth programs.

Canadian Forces' Decoration
The Canadian Forces' Decoration (post-nominal letters "CD") is a Canadian award bestowed upon members of the Canadian Armed Forces who have completed twelve years of military service, with certain conditions. By convention, it is also given to the governor general of Canada upon their appointment, which includes the title of Commander-in-Chief in and over Canada. The decoration is awarded to all ranks, who must have a good record of conduct during the final eight years of claimed service.

The first governor general to receive the CD was Viscount Alexander of Tunis in 1951. The medal was initially awarded to all members of the Royal Family who served in the Canadian Forces, even without completion of twelve years of service; this has, however, not been automatic since 1953.
1899 Cornell Big Red football team
The 1899 Cornell Big Red football team was an American football team that represented Cornell University during the 1899 college football season.  In their first season under head coach Percy Haughton, the Big Red compiled a 7–3 record and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 134 to 52. Three Cornell players received honors on the 1899 College Football All-America Team: quarterback George H. Young (Outing-2, New York Tribune-2); halfback George B. Walbridge (Outing-2); and tackle Edward R. Alexander (Camp-3, New York Tribune-2; Leslie's Weekly-2).

1899 college football season
The 1899 college football season had no clear-cut champion, with the Official NCAA Division I Football Records Book listing Harvard and Princeton as having been selected national champions.

Chicago, Kansas, and Sewanee went undefeated. With just 13 players, the Sewanee team, known as the "Iron Men", had a six-day road trip with five shutout wins over Texas A&M; Texas; Tulane; LSU; and Ole Miss. Sportswriter Grantland Rice called the group "the most durable football team I ever saw."
Limnonectes micrixalus
Limnonectes micrixalus is a species of frog in the family Dicroglossidae, and is endemic to the Philippines. It occurs in subtropical and tropical regions, primarily inhabiting moist lowland forests and freshwater ecosystems such as streams and rivers. The species is part of a diverse assemblage of amphibians native to the archipelago, many of which are adapted to highly specialized ecological niches.

Dicroglossidae
The frog family Dicroglossidae occurs in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia and Africa, with most genera and species being found in Asia. The common name of the family is fork-tongued frogs.

The Dicroglossidae were previously considered to be a subfamily in the family Ranidae, but their position as a family is now well established.
Ernest Steel
Ernest Eden Steel (25 June 1864 – 14 July 1941) was an English cricketer active from 1884 to 1904 who played for Lancashire and in India for the Europeans. He was born in West Derby and died in Southport. He appeared in 47 first-class matches as a righthanded batsman who bowled right arm slow pace. He scored 1,133 runs with a highest score of 111 and held 41 catches with one stumping. He took 131 wickets with a best analysis of eight for 32. He was the youngest of the four Steel brothers who all played for Lancashire: Douglas, A. G., Harold and himself.

Europeans cricket team
The Europeans cricket team was an Indian first-class cricket team which took part in the annual Bombay Tournament and Lahore Tournament.  The team was founded by members of the European community in Bombay who played cricket at the Bombay Gymkhana.

The Europeans were involved in the Bombay tournament from its outset in 1877, when they accepted a challenge from the Parsis cricket team to a two-day match.  At this time, the competition was known as the Presidency Match.  They played first-class matches from 1892 to 1948.

There was also a European team composed of European cricketers from Madras Presidency who played in the Madras Presidency Matches.
Pehuensat-1
Pehuensat-1 (PehuenSat 1, PO 63, PehuenSat-OSCAR 63, NanoPehuenSat) was a satellite built entirely in Argentina with educational objectives. It was launched on January 10, 2007 aboard a rocket from the Satish Dhawan Space Center on the east coast of India. The assembly took five years and was carried out by teachers and students of the National University of Comahue.

It was named Pehuensat-1 in reference to the pehuén, an ancient and native tree of the Andean Patagonian forests identified with the provinces in which the university has its academic headquarters.

Bosque Andino Patagónico
Bosque Andino Patagónico, also known as Patagonian Andean forest, is a type of temperate to cold forest located in western Patagonia in Argentina and also in southern Chile, at the southern end of South America. The climate here is influenced by humid air masses moving in from the Pacific Ocean which lose most of their moisture as they rise over the Andes. The flora is dominated by trees, usually of the genus Nothofagus.
Skins series 3
Skins is a British teen drama created by father-and-son television writers Bryan Elsley and Jamie Brittain for Company Pictures. The third series began airing on E4 on 22 January 2009 and ended on 26 March 2009. This series sees the introduction of a new cast; it follows the lives of the second generation of sixth form students Effy Stonem, Pandora Moon, Thomas Tomone, James Cook, Freddie McClair, JJ Jones, Naomi Campbell, and twin sisters Emily and Katie Fitch.

Jamie Brittain
Jamie Brittain (born 14 August 1985 in Edinburgh, Scotland) is a Scottish television writer and actor. Along with his father, Bryan Elsley, he co-created the E4 teen drama Skins. On 1 April 2011, Brittain announced that he would be leaving the show, but he returned for the final seventh series.

He was an adviser and writer on the TV series Kiss Me First on Channel 4 television.
HMS Hursley
HMS Hursley was a Second World War Type II Hunt-class escort destroyer of the British Royal Navy. She is the only Royal Navy ship to have carried this name. Hursley is a village in Hampshire. Commissioned in 1942, she served in the Mediterranean, before being transferred to the Hellenic Navy in November 1943 and renamed Kriti. She took part in the landings in Sicily, Anzio, and southern France, and remained in Greek service until 1959.

Hursley
Hursley is a village and civil parish in Hampshire, England with a population of around 900 in 2011. It is located roughly midway between Romsey and Winchester on the A3090. Besides the village the parish includes the hamlets of Standon and Pitt and the outlying settlement at Farley Chamberlayne.
Mohd Imran Tamrin
Yang Berbahagia Dato' Mohd Imran bin Tamrin (Jawi: محمد عمران تمرين, Malay pronunciation: [mohamad imran]; born 1 November 1986) is a Malaysian politician and lawyer who served as Member of the Selangor State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Sungai Panjang from May 2018 to August 2023. He is a member of the United Malays National Organisation, a component party of the Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition. He has served as the State Youth Chief of UMNO Selangor and Division Youth Chief of UMNO of Sungai Besar since March 2023.

Selangor State Legislative Assembly
The Selangor State Legislative Assembly (Malay: Dewan Negeri Selangor) is the unicameral state legislature of the Malaysian state of Selangor. The State Assembly is composed of 56 members representing single-member constituencies throughout the state. Elections are held no more than five years apart, and by Malaysian political convention, are conducted simultaneously with elections to the federal parliament and other state assemblies (except Sabah and Sarawak).

It convenes at the Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah Building in the capital Shah Alam. Since 2008, Assembly proceedings have been broadcast live on the internet.