hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Geology of the Lake District
The geology of England's Lake District is dominated by sedimentary and volcanic rocks of mainly Ordovician age underpinned by large granitic intrusions. Younger sedimentary sequences outcrop on the edges of the Lake District area, with Silurian to the south, Carboniferous to the north, east, and west and Permo-Triassic to the west and east. The entire area was covered by a Mesozoic sequence that was eroded off during the Palaeogene uplift related to the opening of the North Atlantic. During the Quaternary the area was affected by repeated glaciations, which sculpted the current mountainous landscape.

Volcanic rock
Volcanic rocks (often shortened to volcanics in scientific contexts) are rocks formed from lava erupted from a volcano. Like all rock types, the concept of volcanic rock is artificial, and in nature volcanic rocks grade into hypabyssal and metamorphic rocks and constitute an important element of some sediments and sedimentary rocks. For these reasons, in geology, volcanics and shallow hypabyssal rocks are not always treated as distinct. In the context of Precambrian shield geology, the term "volcanic" is often applied to what are strictly metavolcanic rocks. Volcanic rocks and sediment that form from magma erupted into the air are called "pyroclastics," and these are also technically sedimentary rocks.

Volcanic rocks are among the most common rock types on Earth's surface, particularly in the oceans. On land, they are very common at plate boundaries and in flood basalt provinces. It has been estimated that volcanic rocks cover about 8% of the Earth's current land surface.
Yves Durand (politician)
Yves Durand (born 6 June 1946 in Ambrières-les-Vallées) is a French politician, a member of the National Assembly.  He represents the Nord department,  and is a member of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche.

On 28 February 2013, The Commission des affaires culturelles et de l’éducation, of which Durand is part, voted in favour of an amendment proposed by Martine Faure, and favoured by Durand, Martine Martinel and Marie-George Buffet among others, that replaced the biological concepts of "sex", with the sociological concepts of "gender" in the national elementary curriculum. The elementary curriculum was successfully revised in September 2013 under the name "l'ABCD de l'egalite".

Nord (French department)
Nord (French pronunciation: [nɔʁ] ⓘ; officially French: département du Nord; Picard: départémint dech Nord; Dutch: Noorderdepartement, lit. 'northern department') is a department in Hauts-de-France region, France, bordering Belgium. It was created from the western halves of the historical counties of Flanders and Hainaut, and the Bishopric of Cambrai. The modern coat of arms was inherited from the County of Flanders.

Nord is the country's most populous département. It had a population of 2,608,346 in 2019. It also contains the metropolitan region of Lille (the main city and the prefecture of the département), the fourth-largest urban area in France after Paris, Lyon and Marseille. The department is the part of France where the French Flemish dialect of Dutch has historically been spoken as a native language. Similarly, the distinct French Picard dialect Ch'ti is spoken there.
Rockstar (2015 film)
Rockstar is a 2015 Malayalam romantic comedy film directed by V. K. Prakash and produced by P. K. Ratheesh. Sidharth Menon made his debut as the lead, title role, and also co-produced the film under Build Block Productions. Lokanathan did the cinematography and Prashant Pillai scored the music. The story and script were written by Rajashree Balaram.

Loganathan Srinivasan
Loganathan Srinivasan is an Indian cinematographer who predominantly works in Malayalam, Telugu, Tamil and Kannada film industries. He is known for his cinematography in the critically and commercially successful film Ustad Hotel.
2023 United States Chess Championship
The 2023 edition of the United States Chess Championship took place at the Saint Louis Chess Club in St. Louis, Missouri from 4 October to 19 October 2023. As with every United States Chess Championship tournament since 2014, it was a round-robin tournament. Twelve players were invited to compete. Besides the reigning US champion, these included the winners of the US Open Chess Championship, the US Junior Championship, and the US Senior Open Championship. The remaining players were chosen by highest invitational rating, or were selected by the United States Chess Federation (USCF) as wildcards.

The twelve qualifiers were Fabiano Caruana, Wesley So, Leinier Domínguez, Abhimanyu Mishra, Hans Niemann, Samuel Sevian, Ray Robson, Levon Aronian, Sam Shankland, Jeffery Xiong, Dariusz Świercz and Andrew Tang, all of whom are grandmasters. Fabiano Caruana won the tournament without losing a game. This was his second consecutive title.

Samuel Sevian
Samuel Sevian (born December 26, 2000) is an American chess grandmaster. A former chess prodigy, he earned the grandmaster title at the age of 13 years, 10 months and 27 days, making him the youngest ever American grandmaster at the time. He also broke all US age records in reaching the titles of National and International Master.
Kodumur Assembly constituency
Kondumur is a Scheduled Caste reserved constituency in Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh that elects representatives to the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly in India. It is one of the seven assembly segments of Kurnool Lok Sabha constituency.

Boggula Dastagiri is the current MLA of the constituency, having won the 2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election from Telugu Desam Party. As of 25 March 2019, there are a total of 216,090 electors in the constituency. The constituency was established in 1962, as per the Delimitation Orders (1962).

Telugu Desam Party
The Telugu Desam Party (abbr. TDP; transl. Party of the Telugu Land) is an Indian regional political party primarily active in the states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. It was founded by Telugu matinée idol N. T. Rama Rao (NTR) on 29 March 1982 and has focused on supporting Telugu people. The party has won a five-time majority in the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly and has emerged as the most successful political outfit in the state's history. It is currently the ruling party in the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly.

From 1 September 1995, the TDP was led by N. T. Rama Rao's son-in-law, Nara Chandra Babu Naidu as the national president of the party. The headquarters of the party is called N. T. R. Bhavan, which is located at Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh.
Massachusetts Senate's 2nd Suffolk district
Massachusetts Senate's 2nd Suffolk district in the United States is one of 40 legislative districts of the Massachusetts Senate. It covers portions of Suffolk county. Democrat Liz Miranda of Roxbury has represented the district since 2023.

Massachusetts Democratic Party
The Massachusetts Democratic Party (MassDems) is the affiliate of the Democratic Party in Massachusetts. It is chaired by Steve Kerrigan and is the dominant party in the state, controlling all nine of the state's U.S. House seats, both U.S. Senate seats, all six elected statewide offices including the governorship, and supermajorities in both houses of the state legislature.
Dormer Cottage
Dormer Cottage is a  Grade II listed building on Washbrook Lane, in the Allesley area of the City of Coventry, in the West Midlands of England. The house was probably constructed in the mid-17th century and extended in the 20th century.

The building is a timber frame construction, decorated with pebbledash on the exterior, and consists of a single story with an attic. Decorative windows were added in the 20th century, along with a porch, which covers the front door.

Roughcast
Roughcast and pebbledash are durable coarse plaster surfaces used on outside walls. They consist of lime and sometimes cement mixed with sand, small gravel and often pebbles or shells. The materials are mixed into a slurry and are then thrown at the working surface with a trowel or scoop. The idea is to maintain an even spread, free from lumps, ridges or runs and without missing any background. Roughcasting incorporates the stones in the mix, whereas pebbledashing adds them on top.
Arkum
Arkum is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Silifke, Mersin Province, Turkey. Its population is 1,737 (2022). Before the 2013 reorganisation, it was a town (belde).

It is in the alluvial plain at the east of Göksu River. In the vicinity of Arkum, the Mediterranean Sea coast runs from north to south and is about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) from Arkum, so the town may be considered as a coastal town. Towns Atakent and Atayurt are to the north and Silifke is to the west. Distance to Silifke is about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) and distance to Mersin is about 75 kilometres (47 mi).

Silifke
Silifke is a municipality and district of Mersin Province, Turkey. Its area is 2,692 km2, and its population is 132,665 (2022). It is 80 km (50 mi) west of the city of Mersin, on the west end of the Çukurova plain.

Silifke lies on the Göksu River, the ancient Calycadnus, near its outlet into the Mediterranean. The river flows from the nearby Taurus Mountains and the city is surrounded by attractive countryside along its banks.
Nearly Human
Nearly Human is the twelfth studio album by American musician Todd Rundgren, released on May 18, 1989, by Warner Bros. Records. It was his first release in four years, although he had been active as a producer in the intervening years. Many of the album's songs deal with loss, self-doubt, jealousy and spiritual recovery. It was also the first collaboration between Rundgren and Michele Gray, a singer and ex-model who helped to organize the sessions. Gray sang backing vocals, both on the record and on subsequent tours, and the pair later married.

Brent Bourgeois
Brent Thomas Bourgeois (born June 16, 1958) is an American rock musician, songwriter, and producer. He was co-leader of the band Bourgeois Tagg with Larry Tagg, and has released several solo albums. His later work has been classified in the genres pop and contemporary Christian music.
Circle of stars
A circle of stars often represents unity, solidarity and harmony in flags, seals and signs, and is also seen in iconographic motifs related to the Woman of the Apocalypse as well as in Baroque allegoric art that sometimes depicts the Crown of Immortality.

Crown
A crown is a traditional form of head adornment, or hat, worn by monarchs as a symbol of their power and dignity. A crown is often, by extension, a symbol of the monarch's government or items endorsed by it. The word itself is used, particularly in Commonwealth countries, as an abstract name for the monarchy itself (and, by extension, the state of which said monarch is head) as distinct from the individual who inhabits it (that is, The Crown). A specific type of crown (or coronet for lower ranks of peerage) is employed in heraldry under strict rules. Indeed, some monarchies never had a physical crown, just a heraldic representation, as in the constitutional kingdom of Belgium.
TressFX
AMD TressFX is a software library which provides for advanced simulation and rendering of hair, fur, and grass to be processed by the GPU. The initial library was written to perform well on AMD's GCN-based products. Version 3 was released on January 26, 2016, and works solely with Direct3D 11 and utilizes DirectCompute.

A competing solution offered by Nvidia is HairWorks which is part of their Nvidia GameWorks suite and is proprietary in nature.

Released as part of GPUOpen AMD TressFX is free and open-source software subject to the MIT License.

DirectCompute
Microsoft DirectCompute is an application programming interface (API) that supports running compute kernels on  general-purpose computing on graphics processing units on Microsoft's Windows Vista, Windows 7 and later versions. DirectCompute is part of the Microsoft DirectX collection of APIs, and was initially released with the DirectX 11 API but runs on graphics processing units that use either DirectX 10 or DirectX 11. The DirectCompute architecture shares a range of computational interfaces with its competitors: OpenCL from Khronos Group, compute shaders in OpenGL, and CUDA from NVIDIA.

The DirectCompute API brings enhanced multi-threading capabilities to leverage the emerging advanced compute resources. The API is designed for non-graphical applications to access and use GPU resources.
Herzsprung
Herzsprung is a Danish surname and German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bernd Herzsprung (born 1942), German actor

Ejnar Hertzsprung

Hannah Herzsprung (born 1981), German actress, daughter of Bernd

Ejnar Hertzsprung
Ejnar Hertzsprung (Danish: [ˈɑjnɐ ˈhɛɐ̯tsˌpʁɔŋ]; 8 October 1873 – 21 October 1967) was a Danish chemist and astronomer.  He is best remembered for his role in developing the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram of stars.
Kapaklı railway station
Kapaklı station is a station in Kapaklıi, Turkey. TCDD Taşımacılık operates a daily train, the Aegean Express, from İzmir to Eskişehir. Prior to a schedule change in December 2017, the Karesi Express, 6th of September Express and the 7th of September Express stopped at the station.

The station was opened in 1890, by the Smyrna Cassaba Railway.

TCDD Transport
TCDD Transport or Turkish State Railways Transport (Turkish: TCDD Taşımacılık, reporting mark TCDDT) is a government-owned railway company responsible for the operations of most passenger and freight rail in Turkey. The company was formed on 14 June 2016, splitting off from Turkish State Railways (TCDD) to take over railway operations, while TCDD would continue to administer railway infrastructure. TCDD Taşımacılık officially began operations on 1 January 2017.

TCDD Taşımacılık operates trains on a network of over 12,430 km (7,720 mi) within 59 of the 81 provinces in Turkey.
Vadim Tolstopyatov
Vadim Vasilyevich Tolstopyatov (Russian: Вадим Васильевич Толстопятов; born 28 February 1982 in Soldatskaya Dukhovka, Tambov Oblast, RSFSR, Soviet Union) is a Russian ski-orienteering competitor. He received a silver medal in the sprint at the 2007 World Ski Orienteering Championships, behind Eduard Khrennikov, securing Russia a double victory in this distance.

World Ski Orienteering Championships
The World Ski Orienteering Championships (WSOC) is the official event to award the titles of World Champions in ski orienteering. The World Championships is organized every odd year. The programme includes Sprint, Middle and Long Distance competitions, and a Relay for both men and women. The first WSOC was held in 1975.
All My Heroes Are Dead
All My Heroes Are Dead is the third studio album from New York City hip hop artist R.A. the Rugged Man. The album was released on April 17, 2020, by Nature Sounds. It is the follow-up to 2013's Legends Never Die. The album features guest appearances from Ghostface Killah, Inspectah Deck, Masta Killa, Kool G Rap, Ice-T, Chuck D, Timbo King, Atmosphere, Vinnie Paz, Eamon, Onyx, M.O.P., and Brand Nubian. The album's production was handled by Prince Paul, Psycho Les, Mr. Green, The Kickdrums and Classified, among others.

Onyx (hip-hop group)
Onyx is an American hardcore hip hop group from New York City, formed in 1988 by Fredro Starr, Suavé (also known as Sonny Seeza) and the late Big DS. Sticky Fingaz joined the group in 1991.

They are best known for their 1993 platinum hit single "Slam", which The Source magazine described as a song that introduced the art of slam dancing into hip-hop. The group has released eight studio albums, three of which have charted in the Billboard 200 albums chart Top 25. Their debut album, Bacdafucup, has been certified platinum, won Best Rap Album at the Soul Train Music Awards and was selected as one of The Source magazine's 100 Best Rap Albums.

They have been quoted as describing their style as loud screaming, aggression, fighting with each other, stage diving, throwing water, rapping with grimy voices, and bald head fashion.
Canton of Viry-Châtillon
The canton of Viry-Châtillon is an administrative division of the Essonne department, Île-de-France region, northern France. Its borders were modified at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Viry-Châtillon.

It consists of the following communes:

Grigny

Viry-Châtillon

Essonne
Essonne (French pronunciation: [ɛsɔn] ⓘ) is a department in the southern suburb part of the Île-de-France region. It is named after the river Essonne. In 2019, it had a population of 1,301,659, across 194 communes.

Essonne was formed on 1 January 1968, when Seine-et-Oise was split into smaller departments. Its prefecture is Évry-Courcouronnes. Its INSEE and postcode number is 91.
USS Jeremiah Denton
USS Jeremiah Denton (DDG-129) is an Arleigh Burke-class (Flight III) Aegis guided missile destroyer of the United States Navy, the fourth Flight III variant. She is named in honor of former U.S. Senator for Alabama and retired Rear Admiral Jeremiah Denton, a Vietnam War veteran and prisoner of war who was a recipient of the Navy Cross.

Huntington Ingalls Industries' Ingalls Shipbuilding division in Pascagoula, Mississippi launched the USS Jeremiah Denton on 25 March 2025.

Pascagoula, Mississippi
Pascagoula (/pæskəɡulə/ PASS-kuh-GOOL-uh) is a city in and the county seat of Jackson County, Mississippi, United States. It is the principal city of the Pascagoula metropolitan area, and is part of the Gulfport–Biloxi–Pascagoula combined statistical area and the Gulfport-Biloxi metropolitan area. Its population was 22,010 at the 2020 census, down from 22,392 at the 2010 census and 26,200 at the 2000 census.

The city is served by three airports: Mobile Regional Airport, 34 miles (55 km) to the northeast in Alabama; Gulfport-Biloxi International Airport, about 40 miles (64 km) west of Pascagoula; and the Trent Lott International Airport, 9 miles (14 km) to the north in Jackson County. Amtrak service also began serving the city when the Mardi Gras Service debuted on August 18, 2025.
Clemens August Andreae
Clemens August Andreae (5 March 1929 – 26 May 1991) was an Austrian economist who served as a professor of political economics and the dean of law and political sciences for the University of Innsbruck. He wrote a book called Der größere Markt – Wirtschaftsintegration vom Atlantik bis zum Ural ("The Larger Market – Economic Integration from the Atlantic to the Urals"). Andreae was scheduled to give the opening speech for the 1986 Salzburg Festival; the opening speech is typically given by a prominent scientist or artist. Andreae replaced Ralf Dahrendorf, a West German sociologist and professor, who withdrew the pledge because he did not want to speak to an audience that included Kurt Waldheim, the president of Austria.

Kurt Waldheim
Politics portal

Kurt Josef Waldheim (Austrian German: [kʊrt ˈvaldhaɪm] ⓘ; 21 December 1918 – 14 June 2007) was an Austrian politician and diplomat. Waldheim was the secretary-general of the United Nations from 1972 to 1981 and the president of Austria from 1986 to 1992. While he was running for the latter office in the 1986 election, the revelation of his service in Greece and Yugoslavia during World War II, and of his knowledge of Nazi atrocities as an intelligence officer in Nazi Germany's Wehrmacht, raised international controversy.
Virginia and Tennessee Railroad
The Virginia and Tennessee Railroad was an historic 5 ft (1,524 mm) gauge railroad in the Southern United States, much of which is incorporated into the modern Norfolk Southern Railway. It played a strategic role in supplying the Confederacy during the American Civil War.

Track gauge
In rail transport, track gauge is the distance between the two rails of a railway track. All vehicles on a rail network must have wheelsets that are compatible with the track gauge. Since many different track gauges exist worldwide, gauge differences often present a barrier to wider operation on railway networks.

The term derives from the metal bar, or gauge, that is used to ensure the distance between the rails is correct.

Railways also deploy two other gauges to ensure compliance with a required standard. A loading gauge is a two-dimensional profile that encompasses a cross-section of the track, a rail vehicle and a maximum-sized load: all rail vehicles and their loads must be contained in the corresponding envelope. A structure gauge specifies the outline into which structures (bridges, platforms, lineside equipment etc.) must not encroach.
Michael Kimmel
Michael Scott Kimmel (born February 26, 1951) is an American retired sociologist specializing in gender studies. He was Distinguished Professor of Sociology at Stony Brook University in New York and is the founder and editor of the academic journal Men and Masculinities. Kimmel is a spokesman of the National Organization for Men Against Sexism (NOMAS) and a longtime feminist. In 2013, he founded the  Center for the Study of Men and Masculinities  at Stony Brook University, where he is executive director. In 2018 he was publicly accused of sexual harassment. He filed for retirement while Title IX charges were pending; no charges were subsequently filed.

National Organization for Men Against Sexism
The National Organization for Men Against Sexism (NOMAS) is an American organization that began in the 1970s as an adjunct to the second-wave feminism movement of the time. In 1982, the organization, then called the M&M (Men and Masculinity) Conference, elected its first national council "to provide a collective leadership to the anti-sexist men's movement." In 1990, the organization adopted its present name.

According to its website, "NOMAS advocates a perspective that is pro-feminist, gay affirmative, anti-racist, dedicated to enhancing men's lives, and committed to justice on a broad range of social issues including class, age, religion, and physical abilities." The organization is a part of the men's movement that includes the men's liberation movement, pro-feminist men's movement, mythopoetic men's movement, men's rights movement, and the Christian men's movement, most notably represented by the Promise Keepers.
Cape Byrd
Cape Byrd (69°38′S 76°7′W﻿ / ﻿69.633°S 76.117°W﻿ / -69.633; -76.117) is a low, ice-covered cape forming the northwest extremity of Charcot Island. It was first seen from the air and roughly mapped by Sir Hubert Wilkins on December 29, 1929, in a flight from the William Scoresby. It was named by Wilkins for R. Admiral Richard E. Byrd, U.S. Navy, noted American explorer and leader of five expeditions to Antarctica. It was remapped from air photos taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump in 1947 by Derek J.H. Searle of the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey in 1960.

Richard E. Byrd
Richard Evelyn Byrd Jr. (October 25, 1888 – March 11, 1957) was an American naval officer, and pioneering aviator, polar explorer, and organizer of polar logistics. Aircraft flights in which he served as a navigator and expedition leader crossed the Atlantic Ocean, a segment of the Arctic Ocean, and a segment of the Antarctic Plateau. He is also known for discovering Mount Sidley, the largest dormant volcano in Antarctica.

Byrd claimed to be the first to reach both the North and South Poles by air. However, there is some controversy as to whether he was actually the first person to reach the North Pole. It is generally believed that the distance he claimed to have flown was longer than the possible fuel range of his airplane.

He was a recipient of the Medal of Honor, the United States Armed Forces' highest military decoration, and the Navy Cross, the second highest honor for valor given by the U.S. Navy.
Americhernes paluma
Americhernes paluma is a species of pseudoscorpion in the Chernetidae family. It is endemic to Australia. It was described in 1990 by Australian arachnologist Mark Harvey. The specific epithet paluma refers to the type locality.

Mark Harvey (arachnologist)
Mark Stephen Harvey (born 17 September 1958) is a museum scientist and biologist specializing in Australian arachnids. Since 1989 he has been based at the Western Australian Museum as Curator of Arachnids and Myriapods. He has described over 1,000 species, being one of the few biologists to do so.