hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Richard Ruck
Major-General Sir Richard Mathews Ruck, KBE, CB, CMG (27 May 1851 – 17 March 1935) was a British Army officer who served with the Royal Engineers, spending most of his career in the Submarine Mining Service, before becoming the Director of Fortifications and Works (the equivalent of the Chief Royal Engineer). He was a keen amateur sportsman, who played football for the Royal Engineers, helping them to victory in the 1875 FA Cup Final.

Submarine Mining Service
The Submarine Mining Service was a branch of the British Army's Corps of Royal Engineers between 1871 and 1906.  They were responsible for defending ports and rivers by naval mines and torpedoes.  Overseas detachments served in British colonies and dominions.  The service disbanded after the Committee of Imperial Defence considered that harbour defence duties were better suited to the submarine fleet of the Royal Navy.
Will Thrall
William Henry Thrall, editor and conservationist, was born in Guilford, New Haven County, Connecticut on September 26, 1873.  He came to Riverside, California on January 31, 1888.

Thrall became an authority on the trails and history of the San Gabriel Mountains of Southern California. He promoted wilderness conservation, education about the outdoors, and fire prevention.

Thrall married Olive J. Frayer (1880–1952) in December 1898.

Guilford, Connecticut
Guilford is a town in New Haven County, Connecticut, United States. It borders Madison, Branford, North Branford, and Durham. It is situated on I-95 and the Connecticut coast. The town is part of the South Central Connecticut Planning Region. The population was 22,073 at the 2020 census.
Elsinore Peak
Elsinore Peak is a named 3,575-foot (1,090 m) summit, at the southern end of the mountain ridge running southeast from the vicinity east of El Cariso in the Elsinore Mountains, in Riverside County, California in the United States.

Ridge
A ridge is a long, narrow, elevated geomorphologic landform, structural feature, or a combination of both separated from the surrounding terrain by steep sides. The sides of a ridge slope away from a narrow top, the crest or ridgecrest, with the terrain dropping down on either side. The crest, if narrow, is also called a ridgeline. Limitations on the dimensions of a ridge are lacking. Its height above the surrounding terrain can vary from less than a meter to hundreds of meters. A ridge can be either depositional, erosional, tectonic, or a combination of these in origin and can consist of either bedrock, loose sediment, lava, or ice depending on its origin. A ridge can occur as either an isolated, independent feature or part of a larger geomorphological and/or structural feature. Frequently, a ridge can be further subdivided into smaller geomorphic or structural elements.
2015 Advantage Cars Prague Open – Women's doubles
The women's doubles of the 2015 Advantage Cars Prague Open tournament was played on clay in Prague, Czech Republic.

This was the 11th edition of the tournament.

Kateřina Kramperová and Bernarda Pera won the inaugural edition, defeating wildcards Miriam Kolodziejová and Markéta Vondroušová in the final, 7–6(7–4), 5–7, [10–1].

Miriam Škoch
Miriam Škoch (née Kolodziejová; born 11 April 1997) is a Czech professional tennis player who has specialized in doubles.
On 16 May 2022, she reached her best singles ranking of world No. 247. On 11 September 2023, she peaked at No. 41 in the WTA doubles rankings.
Škoch has won one doubles title on the WTA Tour and 8 doubles titles on the WTA Challenger Tour. She has also won seven singles and 18 doubles titles on the ITF Circuit.
Claude Louis Berthollet
Claude Louis Berthollet (French pronunciation: [klod lwi bɛʁtɔlɛ], 9 December 1748 – 6 November 1822) was a Savoyard-French chemist who became vice president of the French Senate in 1804. He is known for his scientific contributions to the theory of chemical equilibria via the mechanism of reverse chemical reactions, and for his contribution to modern chemical nomenclature. On a practical basis, Berthollet was the first to demonstrate the bleaching action of chlorine gas, and was first to develop a solution of sodium hypochlorite as a modern bleaching agent.

Savoyard state
The Savoyard state comprised the states ruled by the counts and dukes of Savoy from the Middle Ages to the formation of the Kingdom of Italy. Although it was an example of composite monarchy, it is a term applied to the polity by historians and was not in contemporary use. At the end of the 17th century, its population was about 1.4 million. It was part of the Holy Roman Empire until 1797, with its territory being split between the constituent kingdoms of Burgundy (Savoy proper, Nice) and Italy (Piedmont and the rest). From 1720 it also included the island of Sardinia, an extra-Imperial possession.
Owen Wister Award
Owen Wister Award is an annual award from the Western Writers of America given to lifelong contributions to the field of Western literature. Named for writer Owen Wister (The Virginian; 1902), it is given for "Outstanding Contributions to the American West".

Originally given for "best book of the year", it was expanded in 1967 to include anyone advancing Western literature.

From 1961 to 1990 it was called the Saddleman Award (sculptor Spero Anargyros; polished bronze statuette of a cowboy in Levi’s, saddle slung over his right shoulder, branding iron in his left hand ) and sponsored by Levi Strauss & Co. After Levi Strauss dropped its sponsorship, the award was retitled the Owen Wister Award for "Lifetime Achievement" in Western history and literature. From 1991 to 1994 recipients received an engraved bronze figure of a cowboy,  since 1994 winners have received a bronze buffalo design on wood base from sculptor Robert H. Duffie.

Spero Anargyros
Spero Drosos Anargyros (January 23, 1915 – September 10, 2004) was an American sculptor and medalist, active in the San Francisco Bay Area. He was known for his large scale memorials and public art sculptures, as well as small medals.
Herbrandization
The Herbrandization of a logical formula (named after Jacques Herbrand) is a construction that is dual to the Skolemization of a formula.  Thoralf Skolem had considered the Skolemizations of formulas in prenex form as part of his proof of the Löwenheim–Skolem theorem (Skolem 1920).  Herbrand worked with this dual notion of Herbrandization, generalized to apply to non-prenex formulas as well, in order to prove Herbrand's theorem (Herbrand 1930).

The resulting formula is not necessarily equivalent to the original one. As with Skolemization, which only preserves satisfiability, Herbrandization being Skolemization's dual preserves validity: the resulting formula is valid if and only if the original one is.

Validity (logic)
In logic, specifically in deductive reasoning, an argument is valid if and only if it takes a form that makes it impossible for the premises to be true and the conclusion nevertheless to be false. It is not required for a valid argument to have premises that are actually true, but to have premises that, if they were true, would guarantee the truth of the argument's conclusion. Valid arguments must be clearly expressed by means of sentences called well-formed formulas (also called wffs or simply formulas).

The validity of an argument can be tested, proved or disproved, and depends on its logical form.
Haddon Heights School District
The Haddon Heights School District is a comprehensive community public school district that serves students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade from Haddon Heights, in Camden County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey.

As of the 2024–25 school year, the district, comprised of four schools, had an enrollment of 1,556 students and 135.5 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 11.5:1.

The district participates in the Interdistrict Public School Choice Program, which allows non-resident students to attend school in the district at no cost to their parents, with tuition covered by the resident district. Available slots are announced annually by grade.

The district's high school also serves students from the neighboring communities of Barrington, Lawnside and Merchantville, who attend the high school for grades 9–12 as part of sending/receiving relationships.

Interdistrict Public School Choice Program
The Interdistrict Public School Choice Program is a program designed to expand educational choices for New Jersey students by providing them with the option of attending a school district outside their district of residence without cost to their parents and paid for by the state of New Jersey. Districts must apply to participate and must designate open seats by grade where they will accept non-resident students. Each year the New Jersey Department of Education selects the choice districts from those districts that have submitted an application.  For 2023-24 there will be 122 participating districts.
Benoît Jimenez
Benoît Jimenez (born 15 July 1989) is a French politician serving as mayor of Garges-lès-Gonesse since 2020. He has served as president of La France Humaniste since 2025. He is a member of the Regional Council of Île-de-France, and serves as its special delegate for integration through sports. He is the vice president for employment, training, urban affairs and solidarity economy of Roissy Pays de France. In the 2012 legislative election, he was a candidate for the National Assembly in Val-d'Oise's 8th constituency.

Garges-lès-Gonesse
Garges-lès-Gonesse (French pronunciation: [ɡaʁʒ lɛ ɡɔnɛs] ⓘ, literally Garges near Gonesse) is a commune in the Val-d'Oise department in northern France. It is located in the northern suburbs of Paris, 14.1 km (8.8 mi) from the center of Paris. The city is a part of the Paris urban area. It is the seat of the canton of Garges-lès-Gonesse, which also covers Arnouville.

The city is strongly urbanized and is near the Paris–Le Bourget Airport. Garges-lès-Gonesse was transformed from an old rural village to a suburb at the beginning of the 20th century.
Richard J. Dalton
Richard J. Dalton (born 19 September 1972 in Eagleswood Township, New Jersey) is an American electronic dance music DJ. He is an international mixshow deejay and has opened for major artists such as Beyoncé and Lady Gaga. In 2009, he was named "Best Hope for High-School Freaks" and in 2011, "Best Club DJ"  by Seattle Weekly.

He has electro and techno formatted mixshows on KNHC 89.5 FM in Seattle, WA, XHSU 106.1 FM in Chihuahua, Mexico, and is featured on the Remix Top30 Countdown, which runs on stations across The Americas, hosted by Hollywood Hamilton, including WKTU 103.5 in New York City and WHYI 100.7 in Miami

Dalton also hosts a morning drive time radio program in Seattle, WA.

Sean Hamilton
Sean "Hollywood" Hamilton  is an American radio personality. On November 8, 2019, he was inducted into the National Radio Hall of Fame. He can be heard weekday mornings hosting the "Hollywood Hamilton Show & The KTU Morning Crew" on WKTU in New York City. On October 5, 2018, iHeartMedia announced a new long-term agreement with Hamilton. Robert Pittman, chairman and CEO of iHeartMedia Inc., stated, "Hollywood Hamilton is one of the most loved, respected and recognized voices and names in radio, his unparalleled ability to connect with both listeners and music's biggest artists is a true representation of what makes radio the most powerful medium in the U.S."
Le'Or
Le'Or is a 501(c)(3) organization in Portland, Oregon. It was founded in 2015 by Roy and Claire Kaufmann. The group publishes a haggadah via its website that substitutes cannabis for lettuce in the seder plate and promotes consumption of cannabis as part of the sacred rituals of Pesach (Passover). The haggadah includes the "Ten Plagues of the Drug War" and was meant to inspire discussion about the meaning of bondage in the modern age of mass incarceration and the war on drugs.

Passover Seder plate
The Passover Seder plate (Hebrew: קערה, ke'ara) is a special plate containing symbolic foods eaten or displayed at the Passover Seder. It is used to show all the symbolic foods that are used for the Passover Seder.
Para-Quaterphenyl
para-Quaterphenyl, or p-quaterphenyl, is a chemical compound consisting of a straight chain of four phenyl groups connected in the para position. It can be considered as next in the series of benzene, biphenyl, para-terphenyl. It is an aromatic hydrocarbon and a chromophore.

One possible use is in scintillation counters where it is dissolved in toluene and glows when subject to beta rays.

Scintillation counter
A scintillation counter is an instrument for detecting and measuring ionizing radiation by using the excitation effect of incident radiation on a scintillating material, and detecting the resultant light pulses.

It consists of a scintillator which generates photons in response to incident radiation, a sensitive photodetector (usually a photomultiplier tube (PMT), a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera, or a photodiode), which converts the light to an electrical signal and electronics to process this signal.

Scintillation counters are widely used in radiation protection, assay of radioactive materials and physics research because they can be made inexpensively yet with good quantum efficiency, and can measure both the intensity and the energy of incident radiation.
Iberia Column
The Iberia Column (Spanish: Columna Iberia was a column of the confederal militias that fought in the Spanish Civil War. It was formed in Alacant and posted on the front lines in the province of Teruel. It joined the Torres-Benedito Column, within which it supported the militarisation of the militias and was integrated into the 81st Mixed Brigade of the Spanish Republican Army.

Column (formation)
In military terminology, a column is a tactical formation of fighters moving together in one or more files in which the file is significantly longer than the width of ranks in the formation. The column formation allows the unit rapid movement and a very effective charge (due to weight of numbers), and it can quickly form square to resist cavalry attacks, but by its nature only a fraction of its muskets are able to open fire.

The line formation offers a substantially larger musket frontage than the column, allowing for greater shooting capability, but requires extensive training to allow the unit to move over ground as one while retaining the line. It is also applied by modern armies to vehicles, troops and naval vessels.
Wizardzz
Wizardzz is an electropop/noise pop band consisting of Brian Gibson (of Lightning Bolt) on drums and Rich Porter (of Bug Sized Mind) on synthesizer. Their debut album Hidden City of Taurmond was released on March 21, 2006, under the independent label Load Records. The band also created the soundtrack for the DVD Barkley's Barnyard Critters: A Mystery Tail.

Noise pop
Noise pop is a subgenre of alternative and indie rock that emerged in the mid-1980s in the United Kingdom, originally pioneered by the Jesus and Mary Chain on their debut album Psychocandy. Elements of the style were also present in some bands associated with the British C86 movement. Noise pop later influenced the development of shoegaze.
Dotted Swiss
Dotted Swiss (foaled 1956 in Kentucky) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse best known for winning the Hollywood Gold Cup in 1960. He was bred and raced by C. V. Whitney, a member of New York City's prominent Vanderbilt family. His dam was Swistar, a daughter of the 1944 American Champion Two-Year-Old Colt and 1945 Belmont Stakes winner, Pavot. Dotted Swiss was sired by Counterpoint, the 1951 American Horse of the Year and American Champion Three-Year-Old Male Horse. Counterpoint was a son of 1943 U.S. Triple Crown champion Count Fleet.

Hollywood Gold Cup Stakes
The Hollywood Gold Cup Stakes is a Grade II American thoroughbred horse race for horses age three and older over a distance of 1+1⁄4 miles on the dirt held at Santa Anita Park in Arcadia, California in May.  The race currently offers a purse of $200,000.
Sum-free sequence
In mathematics, a sum-free sequence is an increasing sequence of positive integers,

such that no term  can be represented as a sum of any subset of the preceding elements of the sequence.

This differs from a sum-free set, where only pairs of sums must be avoided, but where those sums may come from the whole set rather than just the preceding terms.

Subset
In mathematics, a set A is a subset of a set B if and only if all elements of A are also elements of B; B is then a superset of A. It is possible for A and B to be equal; if they are unequal, then A is a proper subset of B. The relationship of one set being a subset of another is called inclusion (or sometimes containment). A is a subset of B may also be expressed as B includes (or contains) A or A is included (or contained) in B. A k-subset is a subset with k elements.

When quantified,  is represented as

One can prove the statement  by applying a proof technique known as the element argument:

Let sets A and B be given. To prove that 
suppose that a is a particular but arbitrarily chosen element of A
show that a is an element of B.

The validity of this technique can be seen as a consequence of universal generalization: the technique shows  for an arbitrarily chosen element c. Universal generalisation then implies  which is equivalent to  as stated above.
Irancode
Irancode is the Iranian national products and services classification and codification system. It enables producers and distributors to identify, classify, and codify their products and services.  Iran is implementing this bar code system across the country in order to facilitate e-commerce and tax collection.

Revenue service
A revenue service, revenue agency or taxation authority is a government agency responsible for the intake of government revenue, including taxes and sometimes non-tax revenue. Depending on the jurisdiction, revenue services may be charged with tax collection, investigation of tax evasion, or carrying out audits.

In certain instances, they also administer payments to certain relevant individuals (such as statutory sick pay, statutory maternity pay) as well as  targeted financial support (welfare) to families and individuals (through payment of tax credits or transfer payments).

The chief executive of the revenue agency is usually styled as Commissioner, Minister, Secretary or Director.
Henry Cairnes
Sir Henry Cairnes, 2nd Baronet (1673 – 16 June 1743) was an Irish politician, a banker and merchant in London and a baronet in the Baronetage of Great Britain.

He was the third and youngest son of John Cairnes and his wife Jane Miller, daughter of James Miller. On 30 October 1732, according to a special remainder, he succeeded his oldest brother Alexander as baronet. Another brother was William Cairnes. In 1732, Cairnes entered the Irish House of Commons for Monaghan Borough, the same constituency Alexander had represented before, and sat for it until his death in 1743.

On 10 July 1711, he married Frances Gould, daughter of John Gould, his brother's brother-in-law and a Director of the East India Company, at St Peter le Poer in London. He died childless on 16 June 1743 and with his death the baronetcy became extinct. His will was proven on 24 August 1745.

His widow died on 8 March 1750 and was buried 3 days later at Putney.

St Peter le Poer
St Peter le Poer was a parish church on the west side of Broad Street in the City of London. Established before the end of the 12th Century,  it was rebuilt in 1540, and  again in 1792 to a design by Jesse Gibson with a circular nave. It was demolished in 1907.
Madawa Warnapura
Madawa Warnapura (born 4 June 1988) is a Sri Lankan cricketer. He made his first-class debut for Sri Lanka Air Force Sports Club in the 2008–09 Premier Trophy on 21 November 2008. He is the son of former Sri Lankan cricket captain Bandula Warnapura and the cousin of former Sri Lankan cricketer Malinda Warnapura. Madawa was educated at Nalanda College, Colombo.

In March 2018, he was named in Galle's squad for the 2017–18 Super Four Provincial Tournament. The following month, he was also named in Galle's squad for the 2018 Super Provincial One Day Tournament.

2018 Super Provincial One Day Tournament
The 2018 Super Provincial One Day Tournament was a List A cricket tournament that was played in Sri Lanka between 2 May and 10 June 2018, following the conclusion of the 2017–18 Super Four Provincial Tournament. Four teams took part in the competition: Colombo, Dambulla, Galle and Kandy. Galle and Colombo qualified for the final, after they finished first and second respectively in the group stage.

The final was originally scheduled to take place on 20 May 2018, but Sri Lanka Cricket issued a statement via Twitter to say that it was postponed indefinitely due to bad weather. The final was eventually played on 10 June 2018, at the Premadasa Stadium, Colombo, after nearly a delay of one month. Galle won the tournament, after beating Colombo by 75 runs in the rescheduled final.
KISO (FM)
KISO (96.1 MHz, "96.1 KISS-FM") is a Top 40 (CHR) radio station in Omaha, Nebraska, owned by iHeartMedia, Inc.  The studios are near North 50th Street and Underwood Avenue in Midtown Omaha.  In AM drive time, it carries Elvis Duran and the Morning Show from co-owned WHTZ New York.

KISO has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 82,000 watts.  The transmitter tower is at North 72nd Street and Crown Point at the Omaha master antenna farm.  KISO is licensed by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to broadcast using HD Radio technology.  The HD2 subchannel carries a mainstream rock format, known as "Rock 94.9", which feeds FM translator K235CD, broadcasting on 94.9 MHz.

Midtown Omaha
Midtown is a geographic area of Omaha, Nebraska that is a culturally, socially and economically important area of the city. It is home to major research centers, national corporations, several historic districts, and a number of historic residences.
John Larsen (footballer)
John Høholt Larsen (born 25 May 1962), known as John Larsen, is a Danish former football (soccer) player in the defender position. He played for Helsingør IF, Lyngby BK and Vejle BK, winning the 1983 and 1992 Danish championships with Lyngby. He played 19 games for the Denmark national football team, scoring one goal against the United Arab Emirates. He also represented the Denmark national under-21 football team.

Lyngby Boldklub
Lyngby Boldklub (Danish pronunciation: [ˈløŋˌpyˀ ˈpʌlˀtkʰlup]) is a professional football club based in Lyngby, Denmark, founded in 1921. It is based at Lyngby Stadion. The club play in the Danish 1st Division. From 1994 to 2001 the club was known as Lyngby FC. The club has won the Danish championship twice (1983 and 1992) and the Danish Cup three times (1984, 1985 and 1990).
Altova
Altova is a commercial software development company with headquarters in Beverly, MA, United States and Vienna, Austria, that produces integrated XML, JSON, database, UML, and data management software development tools.

JSON
JSON (JavaScript Object Notation, pronounced /ˈdʒeɪsən/ or /ˈdʒeɪˌsɒn/) is an open standard file format and data interchange format that uses human-readable text to store and transmit data objects consisting of name–value pairs and arrays (or other serializable values). It is a commonly used data format with diverse  uses in electronic data interchange, including that of web applications with servers.

JSON is a programming language-independent data format. It was derived from JavaScript, but many modern programming languages include code to generate and parse JSON-format data. JSON filenames use the extension .json.

Douglas Crockford originally specified the JSON format in the early 2000s. They and Chip Morningstar sent the first JSON message in April 2001.