hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Next-fit-decreasing bin packing
Next-fit-decreasing (NFD) is an algorithm for bin packing. Its input is a list of items of different sizes. Its output is a packing - a partition of the items into bins of fixed capacity, such that the sum of sizes of items in each bin is at most the capacity. Ideally, we would like to use as few bins as possible, but minimizing the number of bins is an NP-hard problem. The NFD algorithm uses the following heuristic:

Order the items from largest to smallest.

Initialize an empty bin and call it the "open bin".

For each item in order, check if it can fit into the open bin:
If it fits, then place the new item into it.
Otherwise, close the current bin, open a new bin, and put the current item inside it.

In short: NFD orders the items by descending size, and then calls next-fit bin packing.

Heuristic
A heuristic or heuristic technique (problem solving, mental shortcut, rule of thumb) is any approach to problem solving that employs a pragmatic method that is not fully optimized, perfected, or rationalized, but is nevertheless "good enough" as an approximation or attribute substitution. Where finding an optimal solution is impossible or impractical, heuristic methods can be used to speed up the process of finding a satisfactory solution. Heuristics can be mental shortcuts that ease the cognitive load of making a decision.

Heuristic reasoning is often based on induction, or on analogy ... Induction is the process of discovering general laws ... Induction tries to find regularity and coherence ... Its most conspicuous instruments are generalization, specialization, analogy. [...] Heuristic discusses human behavior in the face of problems [... that have been] preserved in the wisdom of proverbs.
UWA Law School
The UWA Law School is the law school of the University of Western Australia, located in Perth, Western Australia.

The law school was established in 1927, and is the fifth-oldest law school in Australia. It is responsible for the publication of the University of Western Australia Law Review, the oldest university law review in Australia which began publication in 1948. In 2020, UWA Law School was ranked among the top 100 law schools in the world by QS World University Rankings and Times Higher Education, and thus is one of the highest ranked Australian law schools.

Law school
A law school (also known as a law centre/center, college of law, or faculty of law) is an institution, professional school, or department of a college or university specializing in legal education, usually involved as part of a process for becoming a judge, lawyer, or other legal professional within a given jurisdiction. Depending on the country, legal system, or desired qualifications, the coursework is undertaken at undergraduate, graduate, or both levels.
Remo Bodei
Remo Bodei (3 August 1938 – 7 November 2019) was an Italian philosopher. He was a professor of the history of philosophy at University of California, Los Angeles, and also taught at the University of Pisa and Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa.
Bodei was born in Cagliari. His initial interests were in classical German philosophy, and the Weimar Classicism period (1770–1830). He subsequently penned over 200 papers on utopian thinkers of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, and contemporary political thought. He died in Pisa, aged 81.

Bodei was considered a philosopher, "among the leading experts in the philosophies of classical German idealism and the Romantic age".

Weimar Classicism
Weimar Classicism (German: Weimarer Klassik) was a German literary and cultural movement, whose practitioners established a new humanism from the synthesis of ideas from Romanticism, Classicism, and the Age of Enlightenment. It was named after the city of Weimar in the Duchy of Saxe-Weimar because its leading authors lived there.

The Weimarer Klassik movement began in 1771 when Duchess Anna Amalia of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel invited the Seyler Theatre Company led by Abel Seyler, pioneers of the Sturm und Drang movement, to her court in Weimar. The Seyler company was soon thereafter followed by Christoph Martin Wieland, then Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Johann Gottfried Herder and finally Friedrich Schiller. The movement was eventually centred upon Goethe and Schiller, previously also exponents of the Sturm und Drang movement, during the period of 1786–1805.
Columbia County Spotlight
The Columbia County Spotlight, previously known as the Scappoose Spotlight and the South County Spotlight, is a weekly newspaper in Columbia County, Oregon, United States, established in 1961. The paper serves Scappoose and St. Helens, and covers communities along Highway 30 from Linnton and Sauvie Island to Clatskanie. The editorial staff is based in Scappoose, while some administration and creative services are based in Milwaukie at the headquarters of Pamplin Media Group, which owns the newspaper. The Spotlight is one of a number of community newspapers in the group, including the Forest Grove News-Times and the Hillsboro Tribune. It is a general member of the Oregon Newspaper Publishers Association and its coverage has been cited by other newspapers in the area, including The Oregonian. The paper it is part of the Northwest News Partnership, along with Daily Astorian and the EO Media Group.

EO Media Group
The EO Media Group, formerly known as the East Oregonian Publishing Company, is a newspaper publishing company based in the U.S. state of Oregon. It publishes 17 newspapers in the state and in southwestern Washington.
JWH-370
JWH-370 ([5-(2-methylphenyl)-1-pentylpyrrol-3-yl]-naphthalen-1-ylmethanone) is a synthetic cannabinoid from the naphthoylpyrrole family which acts as an agonist of the CB1 (Ki = 5.6 ± 0.4nM) and CB2 (Ki = 4.0 ± 0.5nM) receptors, with a slight selectivity for the CB2 receptor. JWH-370 was first synthesized in 2006 by John W. Huffman and colleagues to examine the nature of ligand binding to the CB1 receptor.

Cannabinoid receptor 2
The cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2), is a G protein-coupled receptor from the cannabinoid receptor family that in humans is encoded by the CNR2 gene. It is closely related to the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1), which is largely responsible for the efficacy of endocannabinoid-mediated presynaptic-inhibition, the psychoactive properties of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the active agent in cannabis, and other phytocannabinoids (plant cannabinoids). The principal endogenous ligand for the CB2 receptor is 2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG).

CB2 was cloned in 1993 by a research group from Cambridge looking for a second cannabinoid receptor that could explain the pharmacological properties of tetrahydrocannabinol. The receptor was identified among cDNAs based on its similarity in amino acid sequence to the CB1 receptor, discovered in 1990. The discovery of this receptor helped provide a molecular explanation for the established effects of cannabinoids on the immune system.
Calcium binding protein 2
Calcium binding protein 2, also known as CaBP2, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CABP2 gene.

The CABP2 gene comprises 6 exons, spanning approximately 5 kb, and is situated on chromosome 11q13.1.

CaBP2 contain a consensus sequence for N-terminal myristoylation, akin to members of the recoverin subfamily, and undergoes fatty acid acylation in vitro.

Recoverin
Recoverin is a 23 kilodalton (kDa) neuronal calcium-binding protein that is primarily detected in the photoreceptor cells of the eye. It plays a key role in the inhibition of rhodopsin kinase, a molecule which regulates the phosphorylation of rhodopsin. A reduction in this inhibition helps regulate sensory adaptation in the retina, since the light-dependent channel closure in photoreceptors causes calcium levels to decrease, which relieves the inhibition of rhodopsin kinase by calcium-bound recoverin, leading to a more rapid inactivation of metarhodopsin II (activated form of rhodopsin).
St. Elizabeth's Memorial Chapel, Tuxedo
St. Elizabeth's Memorial Chapel is an Anglican chapel located in the hamlet of Eagle Valley in Tuxedo, New York. Originally built as a chapel and final resting place for members of the Hamilton family, the chapel and the associated parish is notable for being at one time the only privately owned and administered Episcopal church in the New York Diocese.

The parish is currently affiliated with the Diocese of the Northeast of the Anglican Church in America (ACA), itself a member of the Traditional Anglican Communion. St. Elizabeth's has been the home parish of The Right Reverend George D. Langberg since 1986; Langberg is also a retired Bishop Ordinary for the Diocese of the Northeast and the Tuxedo town historian. Reverend Langberg's consecration as suffragan bishop took place at St. Elizabeth's in 1998.

Ordinary (church officer)
An ordinary (from Latin ordinarius) is an officer of a church or civic authority who by reason of office has ordinary power to execute laws.

Such officers are found in hierarchically organised churches of Western Christianity which have an ecclesiastical legal system. For example, diocesan bishops are ordinaries in the Catholic Church and the Church of England. In Eastern Christianity, a corresponding officer is called a hierarch (from Greek ἱεράρχης hierarkhēs "president of sacred rites, high-priest" which comes in turn from τὰ ἱερά ta hiera, "the sacred rites" and ἄρχω arkhō, "I rule").

During at least the 17th and 18th centuries the title of Ordinary was used for prison chaplains in England, such as the one who attended condemned men before their execution at Newgate.
Zhenxiong County
Zhenxiong County (simplified Chinese: 镇雄县; traditional Chinese: 鎮雄縣; pinyin: Zhènxióng Xiàn) is a county in the northeast of Yunnan province, China, under the administration of Zhaotong prefecture and bordering Guizhou and Sichuan.

Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport
Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport (IATA: CTU, ICAO: ZUUU; traditionally as Chengdu Airport) is one of two international airports serving Chengdu, the capital of Sichuan province in Southwestern China, with the other being Chengdu Tianfu International Airport. Built in 1938 and expanded eight times since, it is one of the oldest airports in China.

Located about 16 kilometers (10 mi) southwest of downtown Chengdu to the north of Shuangliu, Chengdu Shuangliu Airport is an important aviation hub for Western China. It is one of the two core hubs for Air China, the other being Beijing Capital International Airport. The airport is also the principal hub and headquarters for Sichuan Airlines and Chengdu Airlines. China Eastern Airlines, China Southern Airlines, Shenzhen Airlines, Lucky Air, and Tibet Airlines also have bases at Chengdu Shuangliu Airport.
Nokia 6650 fold
The Nokia 6650 fold (also known as the 6650d) is a Nokia mobile phone announced in March 2008, running the S60 platform and Symbian OS. It uses GSM 850, 900, 1,800, and 1,900 MHz networks and UMTS 850 and 2,100 Mhz networks (WCDMA/ HSDPA). Also noted as a quad-band clamshell 3G smartphone, it was released in June 2008.

Nokia 6650 fold was sold through AT&T Mobility in the U.S. and was their replacement for the N75. It was manufactured in three colors, metallic silver, black, and red. It was never a global model, and therefore it was sold exclusively for T-Mobile networks in Europe. Models were RM-324 for North America and RM-400 for Europe.

Nokia N75
The Nokia N75 is a clamshell-style mobile phone by Nokia, announced on September 26, 2006. It runs on Series 60 3rd Edition smartphone platform of the Symbian operating system. Nokia N75 has been made specifically for the American 3G market, supporting WCDMA/UMTS 850/1900 frequencies. It was the very first 3G Symbian as well as 3G Nokia handset to be provided by a major US carrier, with AT&T Mobility releasing it on May 3, 2007.

In addition to the US, the Nokia N75 was also available throughout the Americas in Argentina by CTI Movil, Chile by Entel, Colombia by Comcel, Dominican Republic by Claro, Mexico by Telcel, Puerto Rico by Claro and Venezuela by Movistar.
Kristina Karjalainen
Kristina Karjalainen (born 15 August 1989) is an Estonian-Finnish model and beauty pageant titleholder who won Eesti Miss Estonia 2013 and represented her country at Miss Universe 2013 in Moscow, 
Russia but unplaced.

Miss Universe 2013
Miss Universe 2013 was the 62nd Miss Universe pageant, held at the Crocus City Hall in Krasnogorsk, Moscow, Russia, on 9 November 2013.

At the conclusion of the event, Olivia Culpo of the United States crowned Gabriela Isler of Venezuela as Miss Universe 2013. It was Venezuela's seventh victory, the second-most in the pageant's history.

Contestants from eighty-six countries and territories competed in this year's pageant. The pageant was hosted by Thomas Roberts and Mel B, with Jeannie Mai as backstage correspondent. Russian singer Emin Agalarov, American pop rock band Panic! at the Disco, and American singer-songwriter Steven Tyler performed in this year's pageant.
2023–24 Al-Hazem F.C. season
The 2023–24 season was Al-Hazem's 67th year in their existence and the first season back in the top flight of Saudi Arabian football after earning promotion the previous season. The club participated in the Pro League and the King Cup.

The season covers the period from 1 July 2023 to 30 June 2024.

2022–23 Al-Hazem F.C. season
The 2022–23 season was Al-Hazem's 66th year in their existence and their first back season in the FD League. Al-Hazem were relegated to the second tier of Saudi football after finishing 16th in the 2021–22 Saudi Pro League.

The season covered the period from 1 July 2022 to 30 June 2023.
2013 Republican Party of Virginia convention
The 2013 Republican Party of Virginia convention was the process by which the Republican Party of Virginia selected its nominees for the offices governor, lieutenant governor, and attorney general for the 2013 general election in November. The convention was held on May 17 and 18, 2013, in the state capital of Richmond at the Richmond Coliseum.

Ken Cuccinelli's de facto nomination for governor was confirmed by acclamation at the convention. There were seven candidates for lieutenant governor; after an epic ten-hour, four-ballot battle, E.W. Jackson emerged as the nominee in an upset over better-funded candidates. Mark Obenshain narrowly defeated Rob Bell for the attorney general nomination.

Lieutenant Governor of Virginia
The lieutenant governor of the Commonwealth of Virginia is a constitutional officer of the Commonwealth of Virginia. The lieutenant governor is elected every four years along with the governor and attorney general.

The office is currently held by Ghazala Hashmi, who was elected in 2025 and is the second woman and fourth person of color to hold this position. The governor and lieutenant governor are elected separately and thus may be of different political parties. The lieutenant governor serves as the president of the Senate of Virginia and is first in the line of succession to the governorship; if the governor dies, resigns, or otherwise leaves office, the lieutenant governor becomes governor. In Virginia, the governor is not permitted to serve consecutive terms, but the lieutenant governor may do so, and has no term limit.
2017–18 FIS Alpine Ski World Cup
The International Ski Federation (FIS) Alpine Ski World Cup was the premier circuit for alpine skiing competition. The inaugural season launched in January 1967, and the 2017–18 season marked the 52nd consecutive year for the FIS World Cup.

This season began in October 2017 in Sölden, Austria, and concluded in mid-March at the finals in Åre, Sweden. It was interrupted for most of February by the Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea; the speed events were held at Jeongseon Alpine Centre with the technical events at Yongpyong Alpine Centre.

Pyeongchang County
Pyeongchang (American English: /ˌpjʌŋˈtʃɑːŋ/ pyung-CHAHNG, Korean: [pʰjʌŋtɕʰaŋ]; in full, Pyeongchang-gun [pʰjʌŋtɕʰaŋɡun]) is a county in the state of Gangwon, South Korea, located in the Taebaek Mountains region. It is home to several Buddhist temples, including Woljeongsa. It is about 180 km (110 mi) east southeast of Seoul, the capital of South Korea, and connected by expressways and high-speed passenger railways. Pyeongchang's slogan, "Happy 700 Pyeongchang", is taken from its average elevation of approximately 700 metres (2,300 ft).

Pyeongchang hosted the 2018 Winter Olympics and the 2018 Winter Paralympics. It was officially rebranded as "PyeongChang" (with a capital 'C') for the purposes of the 2018 Games, in order to avoid confusion with Pyongyang in North Korea.
Six Bells railway station
Six Bells was the name of several former railway stations in Wales:

Garndiffaith railway station - a former station in Torfaen once known as Six Bells which closed in 1941

Six Bells Colliery railway station - a former station near Six Bells Halt railway station in Blaenau Gwent which served the local colliery

Six Bells Halt railway station - a former station in Blaenau Gwent which closed in 1962

Garndiffaith railway station
Garndiffaith railway station (Six Bells) served the village of Garndiffaith, located in Torfaen, south east Wales. Build by the London and North Western Railway (LNWR) as an expansion for the Brynmawr and Blaenavon Railway to meet the Great Western Railway (GWR) at Abersychan and Talywain.
Tabletop football
Tabletop football is a class of tabletop game simulating mainly association football, but also either of the codes of rugby, or some other form of football such as American football or Australian rules football.  The games employ miniature figures of players on a bounded playing board or table that looks like a football pitch (field).

Action figure
An action figure is a poseable character model figure made most commonly of plastic, and often based upon characters from a film, comic book, military, video game, television program, or sport; fictional or historical. These figures are usually marketed toward boys and adult collectors. The term was coined by Hasbro in 1964 to market G.I. Joe to boys (while competitors called similar offerings boy's dolls).

According to a 2005 study in Sweden, action figures which display traditional masculine traits primarily target boys. While most commonly marketed as a child's toy, the action figure has gained widespread acceptance as collector item for adults. In such a case, the item may be produced and designed on the assumption it will be bought solely for display as a collectible and not played with like a child's toy.
Sagol
Sagol (Korean: 사골; Hanja: 四骨), or beef leg bone, is an ingredient in Korean cuisine.  Sagol is often boiled to make a broth, called sagol-yuksu (사골육수; 四骨肉水), or beef leg bone broth, for Korean soups such as gomguk (beef bone soup), galbi-tang (short rib soup), tteokguk (sliced rice cake soup), kal-guksu (noodle soup), or gukbap (soup with rice).

Sagol is rich in the protein collagen and in minerals such as calcium. In traditional Korean culture, it is believed to reinvigorate the body. However, no scientific evidence supports this claim. In the summer, sagol-yuksu (broth) is served to pregnant or breastfeeding mothers and the sick. In the winter, it is served with rice as a warm and nutritious meal.

Kal-guksu
Kal-guksu (Korean: 칼국수; lit. knife noodles) is a Korean noodle dish consisting of handmade, knife-cut wheat flour noodles served in a large bowl with broth and other ingredients. It is traditionally considered a seasonal food, consumed most often in summer. Its name comes from the fact that the noodles are not extruded, pulled, or spun, but cut.
Maciej Zworski
Maciej Zworski FRSC is a Polish-Canadian mathematician, currently a professor of mathematics at the University of California, Berkeley. His mathematical interests include  microlocal analysis, scattering theory, and partial differential equations.

He was an invited speaker at International Congress of Mathematicians in Beijing in 2002, and a plenary speaker at the conference Dynamics, Equations and Applications in Kraków in 2019.

Zworski and Semyon Dyatlov are the recipients of the 2026 Joseph L. Doob prize, for their 2019 book Mathematical Theory of Scattering Resonances.

Microlocal analysis
In mathematical analysis, microlocal analysis comprises techniques developed from the 1950s onwards based on Fourier transforms related to the study of variable-coefficients-linear and nonlinear partial differential equations.  This includes generalized functions, pseudo-differential operators, wave front sets, Fourier integral operators, oscillatory integral operators, and paradifferential operators.

The term microlocal implies localization not only with respect to location in the space, but also with respect to cotangent space directions at a given point. This gains in importance on manifolds of dimension greater than one.
János Petroczy
János Petroczy is a Hungarian sprint canoeist who competed from the late 1950s to the late 1960s. He won three medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with two silvers (K-4 1000 m: 1958, K-4 10000 m: 1966) and a bronze (K-4 10000 m: 1963).

1958 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships
The 1958 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships were held in Prague, Czechoslovakia. This event was held under the auspices of the International Canoe Federation.

The men's competition consisted of four Canadian (single paddle, open boat) and nine kayak events. Two events were held for the women, both in kayak. This was the fifth championships in canoe sprint.

The Soviet Union won their first medals at these championships.
Pokémon: Advanced Challenge
Pokémon: Advanced Challenge is the seventh season of the Pokémon anime series and the second season of Pokémon the Series: Ruby and Sapphire, known in Japan as Pocket Monsters: Advanced Generation (ポケットモンスター アドバンスジェネレーション, Poketto Monsutā Adobansu Jenerēshon). It originally aired in Japan from September 4, 2003, to September 2, 2004, on TV Tokyo, and in the United States from September 11, 2004, to September 10, 2005, on Kids' WB.

The season follows Ash Ketchum and his partner Pikachu as they collect Gym Badges in the Hoenn region to compete in the Hoenn League. Along the way, they are joined by Brock, Pokémon Coordinator May who participates in Pokémon Contests, and her younger brother Max.

The episodes were directed by Masamitsu Hidaka and produced by the animation studio OLM.

Brock (Pokémon)
Brock, known as Takeshi (タケシ) in Japan, is a fictional character in the Pokémon franchise owned by Nintendo. In the Pokémon video games, he is the Gym Leader of Pewter City in the Kanto region and mainly uses Rock-type Pokémon. In the anime series, Ash first battles him and then invites Brock to accompany him on his journey so that Brock can become a Pokémon breeder. He exited the series at some point, replaced by Tracey Sketchit, due to worries that people may find him to be a racial stereotype due to his thin eyes. However, when the company noticed that no one complained, they reintroduced him. He has generally been well-received, with fans of the anime happy whenever he is brought back into the series.