hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Urn problem
In probability and statistics, an urn problem is an idealized mental exercise in which some objects of real interest (such as atoms, people, cars, etc.) are represented as colored balls in an urn or other container. One pretends to remove one or more balls from the urn; the goal is to determine the probability of drawing one color or another, 
or some other properties. A number of important variations are described below.

An urn model is either a set of probabilities that describe events within an urn problem, or it is a probability distribution, or a family of such distributions, of random variables associated with urn problems.

Thought experiment
A thought experiment is an imaginary scenario that is meant to elucidate or test an argument or theory. It is often an experiment that would be hard, impossible, or unethical to actually perform. It can also be an abstract hypothetical that is meant to test our intuitions about morality or other fundamental philosophical questions.
Puls 8
Puls 8 is a privately owned TV channel in German-speaking Switzerland, owned by the German media group ProSiebenSat.1 Media. The channel is based on the concept of Puls 4 in Austria, and began broadcasting on 8 October 2015 at 8pm. Its first program was the movie Star Trek.

The 8 in the name of the channel refers to the start of the primetime schedule at 8 pm.

ProSiebenSat.1 Media
ProSiebenSat.1 Media SE (officially abbreviated as P7S1, formerly ProSiebenSat.1 Media AG) is a German mass media and digital company based in Unterföhring near Munich. MediaForEurope owns 75.61% of the company. It operates in three segments: Entertainment, Dating and Commerce & Ventures. The company is listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange.
Barnacle goose
The barnacle goose (Branta leucopsis) is a species of goose that belongs to the genus Branta of black geese, which contains species with extensive black in the plumage, distinguishing them from the grey Anser species. Despite its superficial similarity to the brant goose, genetic analysis has shown its closest relative is the cackling goose.

Anser (bird)
Anser is a waterfowl genus that includes the grey geese and the white geese. It belongs to the true goose and swan subfamily of Anserinae under the family of Anatidae. The genus has a Holarctic distribution, with at least one species breeding in any open, wet habitats in the subarctic and cool temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere in summer. Some also breed farther south, reaching into warm temperate regions. They mostly migrate south in winter, typically to regions in the temperate zone between the January 0 °C (32 °F) and 5 °C (41 °F) isotherms.

The genus contains 11 living species.
Sunil Kumar Sharma (Nepalese politician)
Sunil Kumar Sharma is a Nepalese politician, belonging to the Nepali Congress previously serving as a member of the 2nd Federal Parliament of Nepal. In the 2022 Nepalese general election, he won the election from Morang 3 (constituency).

2nd Federal Parliament of Nepal
The Second Federal Parliament of Nepal, was elected by the 2022 general elections on 20 November 2022. The elections elected 275 Members of Parliament (MPs), 165 for each constituency and 110 through the party list, to the House of Representatives. The parliament convened for the first time on 9 January 2023 and was dissolved on 12 September 2025 following the 2025 Gen Z protests.
Sikorsky S-67 Blackhawk
The Sikorsky S-67 Blackhawk was a private-venture, prototype attack helicopter built in 1970 with Sikorsky Aircraft research and development (R&D) funds. A tandem, two-seat aircraft designed around the dynamic drive and rotor systems of the Sikorsky S-61, it was designed to serve as an attack helicopter or to transport up to eight troops into combat.

U.S. helicopter armament subsystems
Helicopter armament systems developed by the United States military since the early 1960s include offensive and defensive weapons and gear of various types, including machine guns, grenade launchers, autocannon, and rockets.
Arakaka
Arakaka is a community in the Barima-Waini region of Guyana, standing on the Barima River and 12 miles southerly of Port Kaituma, at an altitude of 63 metres (209 feet).

It is the centre of the gold-bearing district, featuring lateritic-saprolitic deposits. Gold mining in the area has attracted international mining companies, such as Alicanto Minerals Ltd (Australia) and Barrick Gold Corporation (Canada).

The population of Arakaka varies according to the amount of mineral extraction in the region.  Launches formerly ascended the river regularly to Arakaka, where a mining warden was stationed. Arakaka has a police outpost.

Matthews Ridge is a nearby settlement also in the Matarkai sub-region.

Matthews Ridge, Guyana
Matthews Ridge is a small village within the Barima-Waini administrative region of Guyana. The village name comes from the name of a British public official, Matthew French Young (1905-1996), as well as the ridges in the area. The village is divided into three sections,  Heaven's Hill, Hell Hill and the valley.
Ashley Grimes (footballer, born 1957)
Augustine Ashley Grimes (born 2 August 1957) is an Irish former footballer. He played for Manchester United, Coventry City, Luton Town, Stoke City and Osasuna  (Spain). He won 18 caps for the Republic of Ireland and scored one goal, a long-range strike against Spain in a Euro 84 qualifier at Lansdowne Road in November 1982.

1983 FA Cup final
The 1983 FA Cup final was contested by Manchester United and Brighton & Hove Albion at Wembley Stadium.

Manchester United were the favourites, as Brighton had been relegated from the First Division that season, and had never reached a cup final before. United had finished third in the league that season and already had four FA Cup victories to their name.

The final ended in a 2–2 draw, forcing a replay at Wembley five days later, which Manchester United won 4–0. It was the third successive year that the FA Cup Final required a replay.
LR-1111
LR-1111 is an analog of GBR-12935 that was discovered by Richard Rothman and co-workers in the 1990's. It differs from GBR-12935 in that the piperazine has been expanded to a homopiperazine (azepane) ring. LR-1111 is a dopamine reuptake inhibitor (DRI) with over 4000 times selectivity for the dopamine transporter (DAT) relative to the serotonin transporter (SERT) and the norepinephrine transporter (NET).

Azepane
Azepane is the organic compound with the formula (CH2)6NH.  It is a colorless liquid.  A cyclic secondary amine, it is a precursor to several drugs and pesticides. It is produced by partial hydrogenolysis of hexamethylene diamine.

Like many amines, it reacts with carbon dioxide.
Nominations in the 2020 Labour Party deputy leadership election
The following list shows all Labour Party Members of Parliament (MPs), Members of the European Parliament (MEPs), Constituency Labour Parties (CLPs), affiliated trades unions and socialist societies that nominated a candidate in the 2020 Labour Party deputy leadership election.

Birmingham Edgbaston
Birmingham Edgbaston is a constituency, represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2017 by Preet Gill, a Labour Co-op MP.

The most high-profile MP for the constituency was former Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain (1937–1940).  Since 1953 it has elected a succession of female MPs.
Whittlesey
Whittlesey (also Whittlesea) is a market town and civil parish in the Fenland district of Cambridgeshire, England. Whittlesey is 6 miles (10 km) east of Peterborough. In 2021 the built-up area had a population of 13,823. The population of the parish  was 17,667 at the 2021 Census.

Must Farm
Must Farm is a Bronze Age archaeological site consisting of five houses raised on stilts above a river built around 950 BC in Cambridgeshire, England. The settlement is exceptionally well preserved because of its sudden destruction by catastrophic fire and subsequent collapse onto oxygen-depleted river silts.

The site is on the bed of a now-defunct river in Flag Fen basin, around 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) south of Flag Fen itself.

The site has been described as "Britain's Pompeii" because of its condition and was named Best Archaeological Project and Best Archaeological Discovery at the 2012 British Archaeological Awards, and Best Discovery at the 2016 Awards. An article describing the settlement won the Antiquity Prize 2020.
Charles Alphonse Pantaléon Pelletier
Sir Charles Alphonse Pantaléon Pelletier, PC KCMG KC (January 22, 1837 – April 29, 1911) was a Canadian lawyer, militia officer, politician, publisher, judge, and the ninth Lieutenant Governor of Quebec.

Lieutenant Governor of Quebec
The lieutenant governor of Quebec (/lɛfˈtɛnənt/; French: lieutenant-gouverneur du Québec, pronounced [ljøtnɑ̃t ɡuvɛʁnœʁ dy kebɛk]) is the representative in Quebec of the monarch, who operates distinctly within the province but is also shared equally with the ten other jurisdictions of Canada. The lieutenant governor of Quebec is appointed in the same manner as the other provincial viceroys in Canada and is similarly tasked with carrying out most of the monarch's constitutional and ceremonial duties. The present and 30th lieutenant governor of Quebec is Manon Jeannotte, who has served in the role since January 25, 2024.
Tudor navy
The Tudor navy was the navy of the Kingdom of England under the ruling Tudor dynasty (1485–1603). The period involved important and critical changes that led to the establishment of a permanent navy and laid the foundations for the future Royal Navy.

Comptroller of the Navy (Navy Board)
The Comptroller of the Navy originally called the Clerk Comptroller of the Navy was originally a principal member of the English Navy Royal, and later the British Royal Navy, Navy Board. From 1512 until 1832, the Comptroller was mainly responsible for all British naval spending and directing the business of the Navy Board from 1660 as its chairman. The position was abolished in 1832 when the Navy Board was merged into the Board of Admiralty. The comptroller was based at the Navy Office.
1979 Torneo di Viareggio
The 1979 winners of the Torneo di Viareggio (in English, the Viareggio Tournament, officially the Viareggio Cup World Football Tournament Coppa Carnevale), the annual youth football tournament held in Viareggio, Tuscany, are listed below.

Torneo di Viareggio
The Torneo di Viareggio (English: Viareggio Tournament), officially named the Viareggio Cup World Football Tournament Coppa Carnevale, is a youth association football tournament held annually in the commune of Viareggio, Italy and its surrounding areas. Established in 1949, the Torneo di Viareggio is considered one of the most important youth football tournaments in the world.

It coincides with the Carnival of Viareggio, starting on the third Monday of Carneval. The tournament runs for a fortnight, and finishes on the last Monday of Carnival. For this reason, it is also known as Coppa Carnevale (English: Carnival Cup).
Stibabenzene
Stibabenzene is an organic chemical compound. Stibabenzene has the chemical formula C5H5Sb. The molecule is a derivative of benzene, with one of the carbon atoms in the 6-membered ring replaced by an antimony (Sb) atom. Stibabenzene is a molecule that is considered to be an organoantimony compound due to it containing carbon, hydrogen, and antimony atoms.

Bismabenzene
Bismabenzene (C5H5Bi) is the parent representative of a group of organobismuth compounds that are related to benzene with a carbon atom replaced by a bismuth atom. Bismabenzene itself has been synthesised but not isolated because it is too reactive, tending to instead dimerize in a Diels-Alder addition.

An unstable derivative with 4-alkyl substituents was reported in 1982. A stable derivative, with two ortho tri(isopropyl)silyl substituents, was synthesized from aluminacyclohexadiene, bismuth trichloride, and DBU in 2016.
2013 CONCACAF Gold Cup Group B
Group B of the 2013 CONCACAF Gold Cup was one of three groups competing at the tournament. The group's first round of matches were played on July 8, with the final round played on July 15. All six group matches were played at venues in the United States, in Harrison, NJ; Miami Gardens, FL; and Houston, TX. The group consisted of Haiti, Honduras, El Salvador and Trinidad and Tobago.

2013 CONCACAF Gold Cup
The 2013 CONCACAF Gold Cup was the 12th CONCACAF Gold Cup competition and the 22nd CONCACAF regional championship overall in CONCACAF's fifty years of existence. The United States was the host nation.

The competition began on July 7, 2013, at the Rose Bowl, and ended with the final on July 28, 2013, at Soldier Field, with the United States defeating Panama 1–0. In this edition of the Gold Cup, Mexico participated with an alternative squad due to the main players competing at the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup prior to the Gold Cup. Despite not playing with their full squad, they reached the semi-finals where they lost to eventual runners-up Panama with a score of 1–2.

United States won the tournament, which qualified them for a play-off match against the champions of the 2015 CONCACAF Gold Cup, to decide which team would represent CONCACAF in the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup in Russia. The playoff was played in a single match held on October 10, 2015, which Mexico won 3–2.
ICar 03
The Chery Fulwin X3 (Chinese: 奇瑞风云X3; pinyin: Qíruì Fēngyún X3), previously known as iCar 03. is a battery electric compact crossover SUV produced by Chery Automobile under the Chery and iCar brand. The vehicle was first presented at the Chengdu Motor Show in 2023. It is exported since 2024 under various names, including Jaecoo J6, Chery J6, Aiqar eQ3, and iCaur 03.

Compact crossover SUV
Compact crossover SUV is an automobile classification used mainly in North America to describe a segment of crossover SUV, a type of sport utility vehicle, between subcompact crossover SUV and mid-size crossover SUV.

By the late 2010s, the segment had emerged as the most popular automobile segment in several regions. For example, nearly one in every four cars sold in the United States in 2019 was a compact crossover, at about 24.2 percent.

The best-selling vehicle in the segment in 2020 was the Toyota RAV4, with 995,762 units sold globally. It was also the second best-selling automobile in the world after the Toyota Corolla in 2021.
Maikay Ki Yaad Na Aaye
Maikay Ki Yaad Na Aaye is a Pakistani drama soap that first aired on Geo Tv on 6 July 2016 (first day of Eid). It is produced by Babar Javed. It aired every Monday to Friday at 7:00 pm only on Geo Tv, but after 28 episodes, the soap was shifted to the 10:30pm slot as Mera Dard Bayzuban took its place.

Geo News
Geo News (Urdu: جیو نیوز) is a Pakistani TV news channel owned by the Jang Media Group, formerly known as Jang Group of Newspapers.

The channel was launched in October 2002 by Mir Shakil-ur-Rahman, as a news and current affairs programs channel. Geo News was under its flagship channel Geo TV. Geo TV was the biggest news channel in Pakistan in 2007 and still in 2025.
Occupation of the Falkland Islands
The occupation of the Falkland Islands and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands was the short-lived Argentine occupation of a group of British islands in the South Atlantic whose sovereignty has long been disputed by Argentina. Until their invasion on 2 April 1982 by the Argentine military junta, they had been governed by the United Kingdom since it re-established control over them in 1833.

The invasion and subsequent occupation signalled the start of the Falklands War, which resulted in the islands' returning to British control on 14 June 1982.

Stanley, Falkland Islands
Stanley (also known as Port Stanley) is the capital city of the Falkland Islands. It is located on the island of East Falkland, on a north-facing slope in one of the wettest parts of the islands. At the 2021 census, the city had a population of 2,974. The entire population of the Falkland Islands was 3,662 on Census Day – 10 October 2021.

Stanley is represented by five of the eight elected members of the Legislative Assembly of the Falkland Islands: Stacy Bragger, Barry Elsby, Mark Pollard, Roger Spink, and Leona Vidal Roberts. An elected Town Council of Stanley existed from 1948 to 1973.

On 14 June 2022, Stanley received letters patent, formally awarding it city status.
Ledgewood Circle
The Ledgewood Circle was the intersection of Route 10 and (US 46 in the Ledgewood section of Roxbury, in Morris County, New Jersey. Both highways are major east–west arteries in Morris County, New Jersey, and both are also lined with businesses and strip malls. Consequently Route 10 and US 46 experience heavy daily use, especially during the rush hours and on the weekends. This intersection is also the western terminus of Route 10.

Ledgewood, New Jersey
Ledgewood is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Roxbury Township, Morris County, New Jersey, United States. It was historically known as Drakesville after Abraham Drake, originally from Piscataway, New Jersey, who operated a mill and tavern here in the mid-1700s. The community was located on the Morris Canal. The name changed to Ledgewood on January 1, 1892.

The area is served as United States Postal Service ZIP Code 07852. As of the 2020 census, the population was 4,903.
2016 NRL Auckland Nines
The 2016 NRL Auckland Nines (known as the Downer NRL Auckland Nines due to sponsorship) was the third NRL Auckland Nines competition. It was held on 6–7 February 2016 at Eden Park in Auckland, New Zealand. As with previous tournaments, it was contested by all sixteen National Rugby League teams.  The prize money was NZ$2.6 million. The draw was released on 18 November 2015. The same pool names were used as the 2015 tournament's. The pool names were: Hunua, Waiheke, Rangitoto and Piha. The event included two international women's teams, the Kiwiferns and the Jillaroos, who competed in a three-game series. Originally to be sponsored by Dick Smith, the tournament was instead sponsored by Downer Group after Dick Smith went into receivership. The Parramatta Eels who won the tournament were later stripped of the title due to salary cap breaches.

NRL Nines
The NRL Nines  is a rugby league nines competition, normally held during the NRL preseason each year. It was initially held in Auckland, New Zealand, between 2014 and 2017 before going on hiatus.

Returning in 2020, hosting duties moved to Perth, Western Australia, before being cancelled in 2021. The series has not returned since.
Bongrain Point
Bongrain Point (67°43'S, 67°48'W) is a headland which forms the south side of the entrance to Dalgliesh Bay on the west side of Pourquoi Pas Island, off the west coast of Graham Land. It was surveyed in 1936 by the British Graham Land Expedition under John Rymill, and re-surveyed in September 1948 by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey from Stonington Island, who named the point for Maurice Bongrain, surveyor and First Officer of the Pourquoi Pas, the ship of the French Antarctic Expedition, 1908–10, who was responsible for the first surveys of the area.

Stonington Island
Stonington Island is a rocky island lying 1.8 kilometres (1.1 miles) northeast of Neny Island in the eastern part of Marguerite Bay off the west coast of Graham Land, Antarctica. It is 0.75 kilometres (0.47 miles) long from north-west to south-east and 0.37 kilometres (0.23 miles) wide, yielding an area of 20 hectares (49 acres). It was formerly connected by a drifted snow slope to Northeast Glacier on the mainland. Highest elevation is Anemometer Hill which rises to 25 metres (82 feet).
You by Me
You By Me is a series of split albums featuring Tomas Kalnoky, best known as the lead singer of Streetlight Manifesto. The first release, Vol. 1, was released on November 16, 2010, through Kalnoky's Pentimento Music Company, with the second, Vol. 2, released on August 12, 2014.

MU330
MU330 is an American ska punk band from St. Louis, Missouri. Formed by students of St. Louis University High School in 1988, MU330 played a self-described brand of music called "psycho ska", high energy ska punk marked by manic performances and humorous, often strange lyricism.

Since 1997, the band's musical direction has changed towards a more melodic and lyric-driven ska/indie rock sound, a combination that has been described as "Weezer meets The Specials". This style was noted in a 2022 review.

Dan Potthast (guitar/vocals), Ted Moll (drums), Chris Diebold (bass guitar), and Robert Bell (trombone) have remained with MU330 since the band's inception, and the trombonist Gerry Lundquist has been a member for over two decades. There have been several different frontmen in the past, but Potthast has always been the band's principal songwriter and lyricist.
Idlib Governorate clashes (September 2011 – March 2012)
The September 2011 – March 2012 Idlib Governorate clashes were the violent incidents that took place in Idlib Governorate, a province of Syria, from September 2011 and prior to the April 2012 Idlib Governorate Operation.

The Free Syrian Army had been targeting Syrian Army military patrols in the governorate since October 2011. Protests had still continued in this governorate, but they were often dispersed with gunfire by security forces. On 19 December, it became clear that "Army defectors have taken control over some towns and villages, almost as though they have created some sort of safe area, where protesters from other regions were seeking a safe haven and where defectors were able to operate from", and Syrian Army forces launched an offensive on one area, massacring a large number of civilians in one village. Hundreds of troops have been filmed after switching sides in one village in the province's countryside, prompting residents to hoist a flag of independence.

Maarat al-Numan
Maarat al-Numan (Arabic: مَعَرَّةُ النُّعْمَانِ, romanized: Maʿarrat an-Nuʿmān), also known as al-Ma'arra, is a city in northwestern Syria, 33 km (21 mi) south of Idlib and 57 km (35 mi) north of Hama, with a population of 58,008 at the time of the 2004 census. In 2017, it was estimated to have a population of 80,000, including several displaced by fighting in neighbouring towns. It is located on the highway between Aleppo and Hama and near the Dead Cities of Bara and Serjilla.
Bevergern Castle
Bevergern Castle (German: Burg Bevergern) is a Burgstall, or a castle of which little remains, in the present centre of the farming village of Bevergern within the borough of Hörstel in the Westphalian region of Tecklenburg Land in the county of Steinfurt. It was blown up in 1680 by Ferdinand II of Fürstenberg, Bishop of Münster.

Steinfurt (district)
Steinfurt (German pronunciation: [ˈʃtaɪnfʊʁt] ⓘ) is a Kreis (district) in the northern part of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Neighboring districts are Bentheim, Emsland, district-free Osnabrück and the Osnabrück district, Warendorf, district-free Münster, Coesfeld, Borken.
Arya Samaj in Mozambique
Arya Samaj was formed in Mozambique following the visit by Arya Samaji preacher, Bhawani Dayal, when Hindus in the capital, Lourenço Marques, formed the Bharat Sabha in 1933, on the basis of Vedic teachings. A Veda Mandir (temple) was built in 1937 and many Arya Samaji preachers visited the Mandir in subsequent years.

In 1962, relations between India and Portugal was strained due to India's annexation of Goa, a Portuguese territory on the sub-continent. Indians in overseas Portuguese territories were victimised and most had to leave these colonies. Thus the work of Arya Samj in Mozambique came to an end.

Arya Samaj
Arya Samaj (lit. 'Noble Society') is a monotheistic Indian Hindu reform movement that promotes values and practices based on the belief in the infallible authority of the Vedas. Dayananda Saraswati founded the Samaj in the 1870s.

Arya Samaj was the first Hindu organisation to introduce proselytisation in Hinduism.