hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Martian Piloted Complex
The Martian Piloted Complex or MPK was a Soviet Union human mission to Mars proposed in 1956-62 by Mikhail Tikhonravov.

It featured a six-cosmonaut crew on a 900-day mission, with a launch in 1975. The craft would have a mass of 1,630 metric tons and employ traditional liquid propellants (LOX/Kerosene). It would take 25 N1 rocket launches to assemble the MPK in low earth orbit.

When complete, it would travel from Earth to Mars on a 270 day Hohmann trajectory and maneuver into Martian orbit. Afterwards, a landing craft would descend to the surface for a one-year expedition. Return to Earth would take 270 days and the re-entry vehicle would weight 15 metric tons.

Liquid-propellant rocket
Liquid rocket fuel.

Oxidizer.

Pumps carry the fuel and oxidizer.

The combustion chamber mixes and burns the two liquids.

Combustion product gasses enter the nozzle through a throat.

Exhaust exits the rocket.

A liquid-propellant rocket or liquid rocket uses a rocket engine burning liquid propellants. (Alternate approaches use gaseous or solid propellants.) Liquids are desirable propellants because they have reasonably high density and their combustion products have high specific impulse (Isp). This allows the volume of the propellant tanks to be relatively low.
Ray Johnson (Canadian football)
Raymond B. Johnson (October 3, 1933 – October 24, 2006) was a Canadian professional football player and coach who player for the Edmonton Eskimos of the Canadian Football League from 1958 to 1959 and was head coach of the McMaster Marauders football team from 1969 to 1980.

McMaster Marauders football
The McMaster Marauders football team represents McMaster University based in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. The team plays U Sports football in the Ontario University Athletics conference. The Marauders have been playing organized football since 1901 when they played their first exhibition game in the Canadian Intercollegiate Rugby Football Union. The team has appeared in four Vanier Cup games, winning one in 2011.
Texas's 29th House of Representatives district
District 29 is a district in the Texas House of Representatives. It was created in the 3rd Legislature (1849–1851).

The district is fully within Brazoria County, including its northern and eastern portions. It accounts for half of the county's representation in the chamber. It includes Alvin, nearly 70% of Pearland, and just over half of Manvel.

Pearland, Texas
Pearland (/ˈpɛərlænd/ PEAR-land) is a city in Brazoria County, with portions extending into Fort Bend and Harris Counties, in Texas, United States. The city of Pearland is a principal city within the Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land metropolitan statistical area. As of the 2020 census, Pearland had a population of 125,828, up from a population of 91,252 at the 2010 census. Pearland's population growth rate from 2000 to 2010 was 142%, which ranked Pearland as the 15th-fastest-growing city in the U.S. during that time, compared to other cities with a population of 10,000 or greater in 2000. Pearland is the third-largest city in the Greater Houston area after Houston and Pasadena, Texas.
Manhattan El (New York City Subway car)
Manhattan El is a term used to describe Interborough Rapid Transit Company (RT) elevated gate cars used on predecessor lines of the New York City Subway system. These cars were built by the Pullman, Wason, Gilbert & Bush, Bowers & Dure, Barney & Smith, Jewett, St. Louis, Cincinnati, and American Car and Foundry companies.

Cincinnati Car Company
The Cincinnati Car Company or Cincinnati Car Corporation was a subsidiary of the Ohio Traction Company. It designed and constructed interurban cars, streetcars (trams) and (in smaller scale) buses. It was founded in 1902 in Cincinnati, Ohio. In 1928, it bought the Versare Car Company.
Hurricane Jane
"Hurricane Jane" is a song by American indie rock band Black Kids. It was released as the second single from their debut album Partie Traumatic in the UK by Almost Gold Recordings on June 23, 2008. A demo version of the song appeared on the band's 2007 EP Wizard of Ahhhs. It also featured as the soundtrack of Konami game, Pro Evolution Soccer 2010.

The chorus lyric "it's Friday night and I ain't got nobody" is borrowed from Sam Cooke's song "Another Saturday Night", which has the lyric "another Saturday night and I ain't got nobody."

Almost Gold Recordings
Almost Gold Recordings is an independent record label. It was founded in 2007 in New York City by Scott Rodger of Quest Management with distribution in North America through Columbia Records. The first release on Almost Gold was the Peter Bjorn and John album Writer's Block, on February 6, 2007. Almost Gold is now fully independent in North America having severed ties with Columbia Records.

Almost Gold Recordings is a partnership between Scott Rodger and Clare Britt (formerly of Rough Trade and Island Records), with distribution Worldwide through Mercury Records. The first release on Almost Gold in the UK and internationally was Black Kids' debut album Partie Traumatic in July 2008. Other notable acts include Calvin Harris and Does It Offend You, Yeah?
Alexander A. Parsons
Alexander A. Parsons (1847 – 1932) was a journalist and politician in Newfoundland. He represented St. Barbe in the Newfoundland House of Assembly from 1893 to 1897 and from 1900 to 1904.

He was born in Harbour Grace. He began work as a printer in Harbour Grace and later worked at newspapers in Boston and St. John's. From 1879 to 1904, he was editor for the Evening Telegram. Parsons married Marian Raven Thompson. Parsons was a frequent contributor to the Newfoundland Quarterly.

In 1888, Parsons and William James Herder, the publisher of the Telegram, were imprisoned for nine days for contempt after the newspaper published a reader's letter complaining of public drunkenness aboard a steamer while it was on circuit court service.

He retired from politics and journalism after being named superintendent for the Newfoundland penitentiary in 1904; he served in that post until 1926.

HM Prison
His Majesty's Prisons (Her Majesty's Prisons in the case of a female monarch) is the name given to prisons in the United Kingdom, as well as some in Australia and a small number in Canada, Grenada, Jersey, The Bahamas and Barbados. The title makes up part of the name of individual prisons and is usually abbreviated to HM Prison or HMP.
Andio language
Andio (Andio’o), or Masama, is an Austronesian language spoken at the tip of the eastern peninsula of the island of Sulawesi, Indonesia. It belongs to the Saluan–Banggai branch of the Celebic subgroup.

Celebic languages
The Celebic languages are a subgroup of the Austronesian languages spoken on the Indonesian island of Sulawesi, formerly called Celebes. Almost all of the languages spoken in the provinces of Central Sulawesi and Southeast Sulawesi belong to the Celebic group. A few Celebic languages (e.g. Wotu, Bonerate) are located in South Sulawesi province. By number of languages (but not by number of speakers), Celebic is the largest subgroup of Austronesian languages on Sulawesi.
Rock in the Red Zone
Rock in the Red Zone is a documentary film directed and produced by Laura Bialis. The film centers around rock and roll bands that have come out of Sderot, a town in southern Israel that has been under almost daily attack for many years by Qassam rockets fired from Gaza by Hamas and Islamic Jihad, where local musicians repurposed one of the town's bomb shelters into a music club.

The film has been screened at multiple film festivals internationally and around the United States: AICE Israeli Film Festival (Australia), San Francisco Jewish Film Festival, Sonoma Jewish Film Festival, Washington Jewish Film Festival, Boston Jewish Film Festival, Atlanta Jewish Film Festival 2016, and the Rutgers Jewish Film Festival.

Qassam rocket
The Qassam rocket (Arabic: صاروخ القسام Ṣārūkh al-Qassām; also Kassam) is a simple, steel artillery rocket developed and deployed by the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades, the military arm of Hamas.

Since the rocket was first manufactured in 2001 by Tito Masoud and Nidal Farhat, three models of the Qassam rocket have been produced and used. More generally, all types of Palestinian rockets fired into southern Israel, for example the Palestinian Islamic Jihad Al Quds rockets, are called Qassams by the Israeli media, and often by foreign media.

Leading international human rights organizations have called Palestinian armed groups' use of Qassam rockets against civilians and civilian targets a war crime and a violation of international law.

Many of the rocket's components are made of common materials such as sugar, fertilizer, firearms cartridges, springs, nails, and steel cylinders.
Seattle General Strike Project
The  Seattle General Strike Project is a multimedia initiative to chronicle the Seattle General Strike. In February 1919, what began as a wage dispute in the city’s shipyard expanded into a week-long walkout involving more than 50,000 workers that heralded a wave of post-war labor unrest and America’s first red scare. The website maintained by the project is one of the foremost collections of primary and academic material on the general strike, and is part of the Pacific Northwest Labor and Civil Rights History Projects program at the University of Washington.

Walkout
In labor disputes, a walkout is a labor strike, the act of employees collectively leaving the workplace and withholding labor as an act of protest.

A walkout can also mean the act of leaving a place of work, school, a meeting, a company, or an organization, especially if meant as an expression of protest or disapproval.

A walkout can be seen as different from a strike in that a walkout can occur spontaneously, and need not necessarily involve all the workers present, whereas a strike is often voted on beforehand by the workers, giving notification both to all of the workers and to the company affected.

Walkouts have often been staged against the presence of a speaker or the content of an in-progress speech at a meeting. The protest, which is often a silent, non-violent means of expressing disapproval, is often interpreted as an exercise of the freedom of association while allowing the speaker to exercise the freedom of speech, albeit with a reduced audience in attendance.
Cricket at the 2023 SEA Games – Men's tournament
The men's cricket tournament at the 2023 SEA Games in Cambodia took place at the AZ Group Cricket Oval in Phnom Penh. The 2023 Games featured 4 medal events each for men's and women's cricket (6s, T10, T20 and 50 overs).

During the Games, the Malaysia Cricket Association complained about the organisation of the events, particularly the unseeded group stages and the lack of semi-finals, and questioned the eligibility of 13 members of Cambodia's squad, and the appearance of  Pakistani- born and Indian-born cricketers playing for the hosts. Cambodia claimed they were naturalised citizens.

Limited overs cricket
Limited overs cricket, also known as white ball cricket, is a version of the sport of cricket in which a match is generally completed within one day. There are a number of formats, including List A cricket (8-hour games), Twenty20 cricket (3-hour games), , 100-ball cricket (2.5 hours) and T10 cricket (1.5 hour games). The name reflects the rule that in the match each team bowls a set maximum number of overs (sets of 6 legal balls), usually between 20 and 50, although shorter and longer forms of limited overs cricket have been played.

The concept contrasts with Test and first-class matches, which can take up to five days to complete. One-day cricket is popular with spectators as it can encourage aggressive, risky, entertaining batting, often results in cliffhanger endings, and ensures that a spectator can watch an entire match without committing to five days of continuous attendance.
Magnum Semiconductor
Magnum Semiconductor Inc. was a video compression technology company headquartered in Milpitas, California, and with an engineering branch at Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. It traded under the Magnum Semiconductor name between its foundation in 2003, and its 2016 acquisition by GigOptix, when the combined company was rebranded as GigPeak.

Magnum's consumer products were found in video recorder products of consumer electronic manufacturers.

Waterloo, Ontario
Waterloo is a city in the Canadian province of Ontario. It is one of three cities in the Regional Municipality of Waterloo (formerly Waterloo County). Waterloo is situated about 94 km (58 mi) west-southwest of Toronto, but it is not considered to be part of the Greater Toronto Area (GTA). Due to the close proximity of the city of Kitchener to Waterloo, the two together are often referred to as "Kitchener–Waterloo", "K-W", or "The Twin Cities". Nearby Cambridge, Ontario is also sometimes grouped in, creating KWC or "Tri-cities".

While several unsuccessful attempts to combine the municipalities of Kitchener and Waterloo have been made, following the 1973 establishment of the Region of Waterloo, less motivation to do so existed, and as a result, Waterloo remains an independent city. At the time of the 2021 census, the population of Waterloo was 121,436.
Abramo (surname)
Abramo is a surname. People with this surname include:

Cláudio Abramo (1923–1987), Italian-Brazilian journalist

Jericó Abramo Masso (born 1975), Mexican politician

Lélia Abramo (1911–2004), Italian-Brazilian actress

Livio Abramo (1903–1993), Brazilian-Paraguayan engraver

Perseu Abramo (1929–1996), Brazilian journalist

Philip Abramo (born 1945), Italian-American mobster

Sergio Abramo (born 1958), Italian politician

Livio Abramo
Livio Abramo (June 23, 1903 – April 26, 1992) was a Brazilian-born Paraguayan sketcher, engraver, and aquarellist.

Abramo was born on June 23, 1903, in Araraquara, Brazil to Italian-Jewish parents of Sephardic background. He described his father as a liberal and his paternal grandfather as an anarchist. Although born in Brazil, he adopted Paraguay as his nation and it was in this country that he produced much of his work.  He is considered to be "a key player in this development of Paraguayan modern art."

In his book Etapas de un itinerario: grabados, dibujos, acuarelas de Livio Abramo (Phases of an Itinerary: Engraves, Drawing and Aquarelles From Livio Abramo) Abramo claimed that his artistic skills were entirely autodidactic, and that many of his creations were inspired by his political views. Scholars consider him to be influenced by Oswaldo Goeldi and by German expressionists such as Käthe Kollwitz.
Arkady Abaza
Arkady Maksimovich Abaza (Абаза́ Арка́дий Макси́мович; 1843 in Sverdlikovo, Kursk Governorate – January 16 [O.S. January 3] 1915, in Kursk) was a Russian composer, journalist and pianist. He studied in St. Petersburg with Alexander Dreyschock for fortepiano and singing in the class of Camille Everardi. Later he was an associate of Hans von Bulow. He taught and was director of a music school in Sumy (1877–81) and then in Kursk (1882–1915). Among his students, at Kursk, was Nikolai Roslavets.

His most famous song is "Foggy Morning" (Утро туманное) to lyrics of Ivan Turgenev.

Hans von Bülow
Freiherr Hans Guido von Bülow (German: [ˌhans fɔn ˈbyːlo] ⓘ; 8 January 1830 – 12 February 1894) was a German conductor, pianist, and composer of the Romantic era. As one of the most distinguished conductors of the 19th century, his activity was critical for establishing the successes of several major composers of the time, especially Richard Wagner and Johannes Brahms. Alongside Carl Tausig, Bülow was perhaps the most prominent of the early students of the Hungarian composer, pianist and conductor Franz Liszt; he gave the first public performance of Liszt's Sonata in B minor in 1857. He became acquainted with, fell in love with and eventually married Liszt's daughter Cosima, who later left him for Wagner. Noted for his interpretation of the works of Ludwig van Beethoven, he was one of the earliest European musicians to tour the United States.
Kalmia latifolia
Kalmia latifolia, the mountain laurel, calico-bush, or spoonwood, is a flowering plant and one of the 10 species in the genus of Kalmia belonging to the heath(er) family Ericaceae. It is native to the eastern United States. Its range stretches from southern Maine to northern Florida, and west to Indiana and Louisiana. Mountain laurel is the state flower of Connecticut and Pennsylvania. It is the namesake of Laurel County in Kentucky, the city of Laurel, Mississippi, and the Laurel Highlands in southwestern Pennsylvania.

Laurel County, Kentucky
Laurel County is a county located in the southeastern portion of the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 62,613. Its county seat is London. After a special election in January 2016 alcohol sales are permitted only in the city limits of London. The ordinance went into effect on March 27, 2016, 60 days after results of the election. Laurel County is included in the London, KY Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Restoration Stela
The Restoration Stela, also known as the Restoration Stela of Tutankhamun, is an ancient Egyptian text from the reign of pharaoh Tutankhamun decreeing the religiopolitical countermand of the Atenism religion of the pharaoh Akhenaten. It is a record of the governmental policy change wherein Atenism was officially repealed, and the original, indigenous religion of ancient Egypt was reinstated. It was discovered in 1905 by Egypologist Georges Legrain in fragmented condition.

In overview, the writing details the deplorable conditions of the polytheistic religious institutions and society overall during the Atenism era, and how the pharaoh Tutankhamun enacted a system of revitalizing those religious institutions and reharmonizing society. These policies included various architectural and employment renovations.

Egyptologist Ray Johnson referred to Tutankhamun's reign as "one of the greatest periods of restoration in the history of Egypt".

Ay (pharaoh)
Ay was the penultimate pharaoh of ancient Egypt's 18th Dynasty. He held the throne of Egypt for a brief four-year period in the late 14th century BC. Prior to his rule, he was a close advisor to two, and perhaps three, other pharaohs of the dynasty. It is speculated that he was the power behind the throne during child ruler Tutankhamun's reign, although there is no evidence for this aside from Tutankhamun's youthfulness. His prenomen Kheperkheperure means "Everlasting are the Manifestations of Ra", while his nomen Ay it-netjer reads as "Ay, Father of the God". Records and monuments that can be clearly attributed to Ay are rare, both because his reign was short and because his successor, Horemheb, instigated a campaign of damnatio memoriae against him and the other pharaohs associated with the unpopular Amarna Period.
Frank Walts
Frank Walts (23 March, 1877, Lima Township, LaGrange County, Indiana – 21 January 1941, New York City) was an American artist who provided illustrations for several radical magazines.

Walts has been described as an exemplary modernist, particularly as regards his covers for The Masses, e.g. his illustration of Mary Fuller, April 1916. He was on the board of both The Masses and The Liberator and subsequently New Masses.

He is noted for his portrayal of African Americans for The Crisis magazine, and his work was critically discussed by such people as W. E. B. Du Bois who considered Walts "a thoughtful, clear-eyed artist" and defended him against critics.

Lima Township, LaGrange County, Indiana
Lima Township is one of eleven townships in LaGrange County, Indiana, United States. As of the 2020 census, its population was 2,383 (down from 2,507 at 2010) and it contained 1,014 housing units. It contains the census-designated place of Howe.
Dennis L. Hartmann
Dennis L Hartmann is an American atmospheric scientist at the University of Washington.  He has done research on ozone depletion and climate change.
He is known for his development of the Fixed anvil temperature hypothesis, and other work related to the effect of clouds on Earth's energy balance as well as theories related to the feed back between eddies and zonal jets in the atmosphere.

In 2016 he was elected to the National Academy of Sciences.

He was named Fellow of the American Geophysical Union in 2002, and was awarded the Revelle Medal in 2022.  He is also a Fellow of the American Meteorological Society.  He was awarded the Carl-Gustaf Rossby Research Medal in 2013.

American Geophysical Union
The American Geophysical Union (AGU) is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization of Earth, atmospheric, ocean, hydrologic, space, and planetary scientists and enthusiasts that according to their website includes 130,000 people (not members). AGU's activities are focused on the organization and dissemination of scientific information in the interdisciplinary and international fields within the Earth and space sciences. The geophysical sciences involve four fundamental areas: atmospheric and ocean sciences; solid-Earth sciences; hydrologic sciences; and space sciences. The organization's headquarters is located on Florida Avenue in Washington, D.C.
Cory Whitsett
Cory Whitsett (born May 29, 1991) is an American professional golfer, noted for his amateur success. He won the 2007 U.S. Junior Amateur and reached number one in the World Amateur Golf Ranking in October 2013. He appeared in the NCAA championship final with Alabama three years straight 2012–14, winning back-to-back in 2013 and 2014, recording a record seven wins in NCAA match-play.

Arnold Palmer Cup
The Arnold Palmer Cup is an annual team golf competition for college/university golfers. It is named for Arnold Palmer. From 2018 it has been contested between a United States team and an International team representing the rest of the world. The teams consist of 12 men and 12 women. The teams are selected on the basis of nationality, not according to the location of the players' universities.

The 2025 event was held from June 5 to 7 at Congaree Golf Club, in Gillisonville, South Carolina.

The 2026 event will be held July 3 to 5 at Tralee Golf Club, in Ireland.
Celestines
The Celestines were a Roman Catholic monastic order, a branch of the Benedictines, founded in 1244. At the foundation of the new rule, they were called Hermits of St Damiano, or Moronites (or Murronites), and did not assume the appellation of Celestines until after the election of their founder, Peter of Morone (Pietro Murrone), to the Papacy as Celestine V. They used the post-nominal initials O.S.B. Cel. The last house closed in 1785.

Religious order
A religious order is a subgroup within a larger confessional community that has members who lead a contemplative lifestyle devoted to prayer and service. Religious orders often trace their lineage from their founders and have a text describing their lifestyle called a rule of life. Such orders exist in a number of the world's religions and their denominations.
Ashok Rohani
Ashok Rohani is an Indian politician and member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. Rohani is a member of the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly from the Jabalpur Cantonment constituency in Jabalpur district. He was also corporator of the Jabalpur Municipal Corporation.

He is son of Ishwardas Rohani who was Speaker of the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly from 2003 to 2013.

Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly
The Madhya Pradesh Vidhan Sabha, or the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly, is the unicameral state legislature of Madhya Pradesh state in India.

The seat of the Vidhan Sabha is at Bhopal, the capital of the state. It is housed in the Vidhan Bhavan, an imposing building located at the center of the Capital Complex in the Arera Hill locality of Bhopal city. The term of the Vidhan Sabha is five years unless dissolved earlier. Presently, it comprises 230 members who are directly elected from single-seat constituencies. 35
constituencies are reserved for the candidates belonging to the Scheduled castes and 47 are reserved for the candidates belonging to the Scheduled tribes.