hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Zou Zhe
Zou Zhe (simplified Chinese: 邹喆; traditional Chinese: 鄒喆; pinyin: Zōu Zhé; Wade–Giles: Tsou Che c. 1636-ca. 1708), was a Chinese painter during the Qing Dynasty.

Zou was born in Wuxi in Jiangsu province. His courtesy name was Fanglu (方鲁). He lived in Nanjing, and later became known as one of the Eight Masters of Nanjing. Zou specialized in landscapes and bird-and-flower paintings though only his landscape paintings still exist.

Bird-and-flower painting
Bird-and-flower painting, called Huaniaohua (Chinese: 花鳥畫; pinyin: huāniǎohuà) in Chinese, is a kind of Chinese painting with a long tradition in China and is considered one of the treasures of Chinese culture. The huaniaohua was named after its subject matter. It originated in the Tang dynasty where it gained popularity, matured by the end of that period and during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, and fully reached its peak during the Song dynasty. Most huaniaohua paintings belong to the scholar-artist style of Chinese painting. In the coming centuries, the genre gained popularity and spread throughout the East Asian cultural sphere. It also had an influence on Iranian painting in the golomorgh genre of illustration for book covers and illuminated manuscripts.
Luodong Bo-ai Hospital
The Luodong Bo-ai Hospital (also spelled Bo'ai) (traditional Chinese: 羅東博愛醫院; simplified Chinese: 罗东博爱医院; pinyin: Luódōng Bó'ài Yīyuàn) is a hospital in Luodong Township, Yilan County, Taiwan. It is one of three teaching hospitals in this region, and the largest, with over 1,000 beds, and 1,400 staff.

Luodong
Luodong Township (Chinese: 羅東鎮; pinyin: Luódōng Zhèn; Wade–Giles: Lo2-tung1 Chen4; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Lô-tong), sometimes spelled Lotung or Lotong, is an urban township in the central part of Yilan County, Taiwan. Luodong is the smallest township in the county by area.
Royal Librarian (United Kingdom)
The office of Royal Librarian, in the Royal Collection Department of the Royal Household of the Sovereign of the United Kingdom, is responsible for the care and maintenance of the books and manuscripts in the Royal Library, a collection spread across all the palaces, occupied and unoccupied. In addition to their role overseeing the librarians in the Royal Library, the Librarian is also Deputy Keeper of the Royal Archives and is responsible for the management of the Royal Archives and its collections.

Monarch
A monarch (/ˈmɒnərk/) is a head of state for life or until abdication, and therefore the head of state of a monarchy. A monarch usually exercises the highest authority and power in the state. Usually, a monarch either personally inherits the lawful right to exercise the state's sovereign rights (often referred to as the throne or the crown) or is selected by an established process from a family or cohort eligible to provide the nation's monarch. Alternatively, an individual may proclaim oneself monarch, or even usurp power, as many Ancient Greek tyrants did. If a young child is crowned the monarch, then a regent is often appointed to govern until the monarch reaches the requisite adult age to rule.
British Kendo Association
The British Kendo Association was founded in 1964 as a non-profit making organization to foster and develop the practice and spirit of Kendo, Iaido, and Jōdō along traditional lines with the objectives of:

Organising and regulating the Kendo movement on a national international basis;

Helping to foster related martial arts;

Promoting Kendoka students to higher dan grades;

Representing the UK internationally.

The BKA is the only organisation in the UK which is recognized for Kendo, Iaido and Jodo by the Zen Nihon Kendo Renmei (the foremost body in Japan for these martial arts), the International Kendo Federation and Sport England. It is also the only organization in the UK which is empowered to award Dan grades (black belts) in Kendo, Iaido and Jodo recognized by these bodies.

Iaido
Iaidō (居合道), abbreviated iai (居合), is a Japanese martial art that emphasizes being aware and capable of quickly drawing the sword and responding to sudden attacks.

Iaido consists of four main components: the smooth, controlled movements of drawing the sword from its scabbard (or saya), striking or cutting an opponent, shaking blood from the blade, and replacing the sword in the scabbard. While beginning practitioners of iaido may start learning with a wooden sword (bokutō 木刀) depending on the teaching style of a particular instructor, most of the practitioners use a blunt-edged sword called an iaitō or mogitō. Few, more experienced, iaido practitioners use a sharp-edged sword (shinken).

Practitioners of iaido are called iaidoka.
Cercocarpus
Cercocarpus, commonly known as mountain mahogany, is a small genus of at least nine species of nitrogen-fixing flowering plants in the rose family, Rosaceae. They are native to the western United States and northern Mexico, where they grow in chaparral and semidesert habitats and climates, often at high altitudes. Several are found in the California chaparral and woodlands ecoregion.

The classification of Cercocarpus within the Rosaceae has been unclear. The genus has been placed in the subfamily Rosoideae, but is now placed in subfamily Dryadoideae.

Members of the genus are deciduous shrubs or small trees, typically reaching heights of 3–6 m (9–18 ft) tall, but exceptionally up to 13 m (40 ft) high. C. montanus usually remains under 1 m (3 ft) high because of incessant grazing by elk and deer.

The name is derived from the Greek words κέρκος (kerkos), meaning "tail" and καρπός (karpos), meaning "fruit".  It refers to the tail-like plume on the fruits.

California chaparral and woodlands
The California chaparral and woodlands is a terrestrial ecoregion of southwestern Oregon, northern, central, and southern California (United States) and northwestern Baja California (Mexico), located on the west coast of North America. It is an ecoregion of the Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub biome, and part of the Nearctic realm.
Reg Bennett (tennis)
Reginald D. Bennett (born 18 August 1937) is a former British tennis player.

Bennett was raised in the town of Bexhill-on-Sea in Sussex. He won the singles titles at the Scottish Championships, South of England Championships and Harpenden Open in 1957.

In 1958, he won the Carmarthenshire Championships. In 1960 he was a finalist at the Western States Championships. He played collegiate tennis in the United States for Lamar Tech and was the 1959 NAIA singles champion.

One of his career best wins came over the American top 10 player Gil Shea in Manchester and he beat Gene Scott in the first round of the 1961 Wimbledon Championships.

Gene Scott (tennis)
Eugene Lytton Scott (December 28, 1937 – March 20, 2006) was an American tennis player, tournament director, author, and publisher. His active tennis career lasted from the 1950s to mid-1970s. Scott's highest U.S. ranking as an amateur was No. 4 in 1963, and he reached as high as World No. 7 in 1967.
Nikola Zlatanov
Nikola Zlatanov (Bulgarian: Никола Златанов; born 3 September 1961) is a Bulgarian rower. He competed in the men's eight event at the 1988 Summer Olympics.

He moved to France, and now he is a trainer at the Sporting Dunkerquois, a French rowing club of Dunkerque.

Rowing at the 1988 Summer Olympics – Men's eight
The men's eight competition at the 1988 Summer Olympics took place at Misari Regatta, South Korea. It was held from 20 to 25 September. There were 10 boats (90 competitors) from 10 nations, with each nation limited to a single boat in the event. The event was won by West Germany, the nation's first victory (and first medal) in the men's eight since 1968. It was West Germany's second gold medal in the event, tying Great Britain and East Germany for second-most, behind the United States with 11. In a photo finish for second place, the Soviet Union took silver over the United States.
Lacquer thinner
Lacquer thinner, also known as cellulose thinner, is usually a mixture of solvents able to dissolve a number of different resins or plastics used in modern lacquer.

Previously, lacquer thinners frequently contained alkyl esters like butyl or amyl acetate, ketones like acetone or methyl ethyl ketone, aromatic hydrocarbons like toluene, ethers such as glycol cellosolves, and/or alcohols.

Modern lacquer thinners increasingly have to comply with low-volatile organic compounds (VOC) regulations.  Often, these formulations consist mostly of acetone and other simple ketones with very small quantities of aromatic solvents.

Paints that dry by simple solvent evaporation and contain solid binders are known as lacquers. When the solvent in lacquer paints evaporates, a solid layer remains. Since this layer can be dissolved again with the solvent, each lacquer can dissolve the one below it.

Alcohol (chemistry)
In chemistry, an alcohol (from Arabic  al-kuḥl 'the kohl') is a type of organic compound that carries at least one hydroxyl (−OH) functional group bound to a saturated carbon atom. Alcohols range from the simple, like methanol and ethanol, to complex, like sugar alcohols and cholesterol. The presence of an OH group strongly modifies the properties of hydrocarbons, conferring hydrophilic (water-attracted) properties.  The OH group provides a site at which many reactions can occur.
NGC 442
NGC 442 is a spiral galaxy of type S0/a? (edge on) located in the constellation Cetus. Lewis Swift discovered it on October 21, 1886. Dreyer first described it as "very faint, small, round, bright star to southeast." The star is actually located northeast of NGC 442, but, due to the way optical telescopes worked, it was not unusual for some confusion of directions to occur.

John Louis Emil Dreyer
John Louis Emil Dreyer (13 February 1852 – 14 September 1926), also Johan Ludvig Emil Dreyer, was a Danish astronomer who spent most of his career working in Ireland.  He spent the last decade of his life in Oxford, England.
Red Haley
Granvill Anthony Haley (May 13, 1901 – December 9, 1976), nicknamed "Red", was an American Negro league infielder in the 1920s and 1930s.

A native of Cass County, Missouri, Haley made his Negro leagues debut in 1928 with the Chicago American Giants and Birmingham Black Barons. He went on to play for the Kansas City Monarchs and Bismarck Churchills. Haley died in Sandusky, Ohio in 1976 at age 75.

Cass County, Missouri
Cass County is located in the western part of the U.S. state of Missouri and is part of the Kansas City metropolitan area. As of the 2020 census, the population was 107,824. Its county seat is Harrisonville; however, the county contains a portion of Kansas City, Missouri. The county was organized in 1835 as Van Buren County, but was renamed in 1849 after U.S. Senator Lewis Cass of Michigan, who later became a presidential candidate.
Fat Tony (The Simpsons)
Don Marion Anthony "Fat Tony" D'Amico is the name of two recurring characters in the animated sitcom The Simpsons. Both are voiced by Joe Mantegna and first appeared in the episode "Bart the Murderer" of the third season. Fat Tony is a mobster and the underboss of the Springfield Mafia. His henchmen include Legs, Louie, and Johnny Tightlips, and he reports to Don Vittorio DiMaggio. Upon the death of the original Fat Tony in the episode "Donnie Fatso" of the twenty-second season, the character's near-identical cousin of the same name is introduced. The characters somewhat resemble real-life mobster Anthony "Fat Tony" Salerno.

Gangster
A gangster (informally gangsta) is a criminal who is a member of a gang. Most gangs are considered to be part of organized crime. Gangsters are also called mobsters, a term derived from mob and the suffix -ster. Gangs provide a level of organization and resources that support much larger and more complex criminal transactions than an individual criminal could achieve. Gangsters have been active for many years in countries around the world. Gangsters are the subject of many novels, films, television series, and video games.
Suzanne Grzanna
Suzanne Grzanna is an American songwriter, saxophonist, vocalist, arranger, and producer. She won a Hollywood Music in Media Award for "Best Jazz Song," a Global Music Award for "Best Instrumental," and has been nominated for several other awards including a Hollywood Independent Music Award. She has shared the stage with such artists as Frank Morgan, Brian Lynch, Betty Carter, and Ray Brown Jr., and has performed at Birdland, Blue Note, the Hollywood Bowl, and Jay Leno's "Grand Slam Charity Event".

Betty Carter
Betty Carter (born Lillie Mae Jones; May 16, 1929 – September 26, 1998) was an American jazz singer known for her improvisational technique, scatting and other complex musical abilities that demonstrated her vocal talent and imaginative interpretation of lyrics and melodies. Vocalist Carmen McRae once remarked: "There's really only one jazz singer—only one: Betty Carter.": xiv
Rob Landeros
Rob Landeros is an American computer game designer and graphic artist.  Together with Graeme Devine, he co-founded Trilobyte, where he created the highly commercially successful games The 7th Guest and The 11th Hour.  After leaving Trilobyte, he co-founded Aftermath Media, where he released the interactive movies Tender Loving Care and Point of View.

The 11th Hour (video game)
The 11th Hour is a 1995 interactive movie puzzle adventure game with a horror setting. It is the sequel to the 1993 game The 7th Guest. A 3DO Interactive Multiplayer version was planned but never released.
Behavioral contrast
Behavioral contrast refers to a change in the strength of one response that occurs when the rate of reward of a second response, or of the first response under different conditions, is changed. For example, suppose that a pigeon in an operant chamber pecks a key for food reward. Sometimes the key is red, sometimes green, but food comes with equal frequency in either case. Then suddenly pecking the key when it is green brings food less frequently. Positive contrast is seen when the rate of response to the red key goes up, even though the frequency of reward in red remains unchanged. Likewise, increasing the reward to green tends to reduce the response rate to red (negative contrast). This sort of contrast effect may occur following changes in the amount, frequency, or nature of the reward, and it has been shown to occur with various experimental designs and response measures (e.g. response rate, running speed).

Operant conditioning chamber
An operant conditioning chamber (also known as a Skinner box) is a laboratory apparatus used to study animal behavior. The operant conditioning chamber was created by B. F. Skinner while he was a graduate student at Harvard University. The chamber can be used to study both operant conditioning and classical conditioning.

Skinner created the operant conditioning chamber as a variation of the puzzle box originally created by Edward Thorndike. While Skinner's early studies were done using rats, he later moved on to study pigeons. The operant conditioning chamber may be used to observe or manipulate behaviour. An animal is placed in the box where it must learn to activate levers or respond to light or sound stimuli for reward. The reward may be food or the removal of noxious stimuli such as a loud alarm. The chamber is used to test specific hypotheses in a controlled setting.
Samsung Galaxy Camera 2
The Samsung Galaxy Camera 2 is a point-and-shoot camera which is an Android based mobile device. Announced at the 2014 Consumer Electronic Show in Las Vegas, Nevada, the Galaxy Camera 2 features Android 4.3 Jelly Bean, 1.6 GHz quad-core Exynos 4412 processor and 2GB RAM. The Galaxy Camera 2 is the successor to the Samsung Galaxy Camera. Unlike its predecessor, it has a GPS receiver.

Mobile device
A mobile device or handheld device is a computer small enough to hold and operate in hand. Mobile devices are typically battery-powered and possess a flat-panel display and one or more built-in input devices, such as a touchscreen or keypad. Modern mobile devices often emphasize wireless networking, to both the Internet and to other devices in their vicinity, such as headsets or in-car entertainment systems, via Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, cellular networks, or near-field communication.
William Duncan (philosopher)
William Duncan (1717 in Aberdeen – 1760 in Aberdeen) was a Scottish natural philosopher and classicist, professor of natural philosophy at Marischal College, Aberdeen.

Educated at Marischal College, Aberdeen, he was appointed professor of natural philosophy there in 1752. His popular Elements of Logic, first published in Robert Dodsley's The Preceptor (2 vols, London, 1748), combined a Lockean theory of knowledge with syllogistic logic. He translated the Commentaries of Julius Caesar and orations of Cicero; at his death, translations of Plutarch's Lives and a continuation of Thomas Blackwell's Court of Augustus were left unfinished.

Parallel Lives
The Parallel Lives (Ancient Greek: Βίοι Παράλληλοι, Bíoi Parállēloi; Latin: Vītae Parallēlae) is a series of 48 biographies of famous men written in Greek by the Greco-Roman philosopher, historian, and Apollonian priest Plutarch, probably at the beginning of the second century. The lives are arranged in pairs to illuminate their common moral virtues or failings.

The surviving Parallel Lives comprises 23 pairs of biographies, each pair consisting of one Greek and one Roman of similar destiny, such as Alexander the Great and Julius Caesar, or Demosthenes and Cicero. There are also four singular Lives, recounting the stories of Artaxerxes, Aratus, Galba, and Otho. Traces of other biographies point to an additional twelve single Lives that are now missing.

It is a work of considerable importance, not only as a source of information about the individuals described, but also about the times in which they lived.
Ilia Lekach
Ilia Lekach is the chief executive officer of Adrenalina. He was the former chief executive officer of Parlux (Nasdaq: "PARL"), a company that makes perfume. Best known brands are Paris Hilton and Guess brands.

Parlux
Parlux is an Italian manufacturer of hair dryers and other related hair care electrical appliances, which sells largely in the commercial side of the hair electrical appliance market, and less so the household market.
Bayless Quarters
Bayless Quarters, near North Middletown, Kentucky, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.  The listing included three contributing buildings.

It includes Greek Revival and Federal architecture.

The main structure is a one-story two-bay dry stone quarters.  A smokehouse is also included.

Smokehouse
A smokehouse (North American) or smokery (British) is a building where meat or fish is cured with smoke. The finished product might be stored in the building, sometimes for a year or more. Even when smoke is not used, such a building—typically a subsidiary building—is sometimes referred to as a "smokehouse".  When smoke is not used, the term meathouse or meat house is common.
Maurice Long (politician)
Maurice Long (15 March 1866 – 15 January 1923) was a French politician. A député for Drôme, he was briefly a Minister of Supply under the government of Paul Painlevé in 1917 and the Governor-General of French Indochina from 10 December 1919 until his death.

Drôme
Drôme (French pronunciation: [dʁom] ⓘ; Occitan: Droma; Arpitan: Drôma) is the southernmost department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of Southeastern France. Named after the river Drôme, it had a population of 516,762 as of 2019. Drôme's prefecture is Valence.

The southern portion of the Drôme, closest to Provence, is often known as the fr:Drôme Provençale.
Management systems for road safety
Progress in the area of prevention is formulated in an environment of beliefs, called  paradigms as can be seen in the next table. Some of them can be referred to as professional folklore, i.e. a widely supported set of beliefs with no real basis. For example, the “accident-prone driver” was a belief that was supported by the data in the sense that a small number of drivers do participate in a disproportionate number of accidents, it follows that the identification and removal of this drivers will reduce crashes. A more scientific analysis of the data indicate that this phenomenon can be explained simply by the random nature of the accidents, and not for a specific error-prone attitude of such drivers.

From: OECD Road Transport Research

Paradigm
In science and philosophy, a paradigm (/ˈpærədaɪm/ PARR-ə-dyme) is a distinct set of concepts or thought patterns, including theories, research methods, postulates, and standards for what constitute legitimate contributions to a field. The word paradigm is Greek in origin, meaning "pattern". It is closely related to the discussion of theory-ladenness in the philosophy of science.
Rocky Thompson
Rocky Lee Thompson (born August 8, 1977) is a Canadian former ice hockey right wing, who currently serves as the head coach of the Bridgeport Islanders of the American Hockey League. He was most recently an assistant coach with the Philadelphia Flyers of the NHL. He was drafted in the third round, 72nd overall, by the Calgary Flames in the 1995 NHL Entry Draft. This Cree forward/defenseman was born in Calgary, Alberta and raised in Whitecourt, Alberta. During his hockey career, he was known as an enforcer. Along with hockey, he showed promise in boxing as a teenager, winning gold in the 1993 North American Indigenous Games as well as in provincial Golden Gloves tournament championships in Alberta and Saskatchewan.

Enforcer (ice hockey)
Enforcer is a role in ice hockey. The term is sometimes used synonymously with "fighter", "tough guy", or "goon". An enforcer's job is to deter and respond to dirty or violent play by the opposing team. When such play occurs, the enforcer is expected to respond aggressively, by fighting or checking the offender. Enforcers are expected to react particularly harshly to violence against star players or goalies.

Enforcers are different from pests, players who seek to agitate opponents and distract them from the game without necessarily fighting them. The pest's primary role is to draw penalties from opposing players, thus "getting them off their game", while not actually intending to fight the opposition player (although exceptions to this do occur). Pests and enforcers often play together on the same line, usually the fourth line. Another related role is the grinder, known for hard work and checking rather than scoring, but not necessarily for fighting.
Dioguinho D'Mello
Francis Diogo Romano de Mello (3  March 1908 – 30 September 1976), known professionally as Dioguinho D'Mello, was an Indian writer, singer, playwright, and sailor known for his work in tiatr productions. Referred to as the "Ambassador of the Konkani stage" by writer Fausto V. Da Costa, he was a multilingual singer. Using the pen name Diodem, de Mello wrote for publications such as The Goa Mail and The Goa Times of Bombay. In addition to Mogachi Vodd, he penned several novels including Tambddo Moyekar, Dharunn Calliz, Khotto Put, Konn Zait To Crimidor?, and Ugddas 1901 Vorsacho.

Tomazinho Cardozo
Tomazinho Cardozo (born Lamberto Tomás Cardoso; 14 April 1946), is an Indian politician, playwright, writer (in Konkani and English), and teacher who served as a Speaker of the Goa Legislative Assembly from January 1995 to June 1999. He is known for his achievements in literature and tiatr in Goa.