hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Democracy in Senegal
The Democracy in Senegal was touted as one of the more stable democracies in Africa, with a long tradition of peaceful democratic discourse. Democratization proceeded gradually from 1970s to 1990s.

Events surrounding the 2019 election have given rise to growing concerns. Opposition leaders have been arrested on what some see as trumped-up charges and subsequent demonstrations have been met with lethal force. The 2024 Senegalese presidential election was postponed by a decree of the outgoing President Macky Sall on 3 February. In a sign of resilience of democracy in Senegal the Senegalese Constitutional Council ordered the presidential election to be held as soon as possible and was held accordingly on 24 March 2024. The result of this election was confirmed both by the second placed presidential candidate Amadou Ba and the Senegal's Supreme Court.

As of 2024, Senegal was the 10th most electoral democratic country in Africa according to V-Dem Democracy indices.

V-Dem Democracy Indices
The Democracy Indices by V-Dem are democracy indices published by the V-Dem Institute that describe qualities of different democracies. It is published annually. Datasets released by the V-Dem Institute include information on hundreds of indicator variables describing various aspects of government, especially on the quality of democracy, inclusivity, and other economic indicators.

In 2020, the V-Dem index had "more than 470 indicators, 82 mid-level indices, and 5 high-level indices covering 202 polities from the period of 1789–2019".
Andrea Atzeni
Andrea Atzeni (born 26 March 1991) is a professional Italian jockey who was based in England for sixteen years before moving to Hong Kong. He was born on the Mediterranean island of Sardinia, where his father is a sheep farmer, and moved aged fifteen to Milan to work for Italian trainer Alduino Botti. Two years later he immigrated to England and joined the Prestige Place stables of Alduino's son Marco in Newmarket.

Futurity Trophy
The Futurity Trophy is a Group 1 flat horse race in Great Britain open to two-year-old thoroughbred colts and fillies. It is run at Doncaster over a distance of 1 mile (1,609 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in late October.
Frankfurt department store firebombings
The Frankfurt department store firebombings on 2 April 1968 in Frankfurt am Main were politically motivated arsons perpetrated by the later co-founders of the left wing extremist Red Army Faction, Andreas Baader and Gudrun Ensslin. Together with Thorwald Proll and Horst Söhnlein, they set three fires in two department stores at night and were sentenced to three years in prison each. No people were injured; the damage in the Kaufhaus M. Schneider was calculated at 282.339 DM (equivalent to €561,952 in 2021) and in the Kaufhof, 390.865 DM (equivalent to €777,956 in 2021).

Gudrun Ensslin
Gudrun Ensslin (German: [ˈɡuːdʁuːn ˈɛnsliːn]; 15 August 1940 – 18 October 1977) was a German far-left terrorist and founder of the West German far-left militant group Red Army Faction (Rote Armee Fraktion, or RAF, also known as the Baader-Meinhof Gang).

After becoming involved with co-founder Andreas Baader, Ensslin was influential in the development of his political beliefs. Ensslin was perhaps the intellectual head of the RAF. She was involved in five bomb attacks, with four deaths, was arrested in 1972 and died on 18 October 1977 in what has been called Stammheim Prison's "Death Night".
2021 Manhattan District Attorney election
The 2021 Manhattan District Attorney election was held on November 2, 2021, to elect the Manhattan District Attorney. The incumbent, Cyrus Vance Jr., had announced in March 2021 that he would not seek a fourth term.

The Democratic primary election was held on June 22, 2021. Despite the introduction of ranked-choice voting for other elected positions in New York City, this race used plurality voting, as it is a state position, rather than a city position.

A key issue in the election was which candidate would be best equipped to criminally prosecute or civilly sue former President Donald Trump.

New York City Public Advocate
The office of New York City Public Advocate (formerly President of the City Council) is a citywide elected position in New York City, which is first in line to succeed the mayor. The office serves as a direct link between the electorate and city government, effectively acting as an ombudsman, or watchdog, for New Yorkers.
James Brackenridge Clemens
James Brackenridge Clemens (31 January 1825, in Wheeling, Virginia – 11 January 1867, in Easton, Pennsylvania) was an American entomologist who specialized in Lepidoptera. He described many new species. His collection of microlepidoptera is in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.

Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University
The Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, formerly the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, is the oldest natural science research institution and museum in the Americas. It was founded in 1812, by many of the leading naturalists of the young American republic with an expressed mission of "the encouragement and cultivation of the sciences". It has sponsored expeditions, conducted original environmental and systematics research, and amassed natural history collections containing more than 17 million specimens. The Academy also organizes public exhibits and educational programs for both schools and the general public.
John Gwynneth
John Gwynneth (or Guinete) (fl. 1511–1557), was a clergyman of Welsh nationality originating from Gwynedd, and was a composer of religious and liturgical vocal music for which he was awarded a doctorate in the University of Oxford. He held benefices in England in Northamptonshire, Bedfordshire and London, and in North Wales at Clynnog Fawr. Although he was a polemicist for the Catholic faith, he maintained his ministry through the reigns of Henry VIII, Edward VI and Queen Mary, and was brother-in-law and executor of Stephen Vaughan (a supporter of the English Reformation). He is principally remembered, from the age of Thomas Tallis, as one of the other exponents of early Tudor period polyphony.

Tudor period
In England and Wales, the Tudor period occurred between 1485 and 1603, including the Elizabethan era. The Tudor period coincides with the reign of the House of Tudor, which began with the accession of Henry VII and ended with the death of Elizabeth I.  Under the Tudor dynasty, art, architecture, trade, exploration, and commerce flourished. Historian John Guy (1988) argued that "England was economically healthier, more expensive, and more optimistic under the Tudors" than at any time since the ancient Roman occupation.
Chen Hongjin
Chen Hongjin (Chinese: 陳洪進) (914–985), courtesy name Jichuan (濟川), formally Duke Zhongshun of Qi (岐國忠順公), was a warlord late in the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period, who controlled Qingyuan Circuit (headquartered in modern Quanzhou, Fujian).  After a series of conquests by the Song dynasty, Chen, who was a vassal to Song, believed that it would be wise for him to surrender his realm, and did so.  He subsequently remained honored as a Song general until his death.

History of Song (book)
The History of Song or Song Shi (Chinese: 宋史; pinyin: Sòng Shǐ; Wade–Giles: Sung Shih) is one of the official Chinese historical works known as the Twenty-Four Histories of China that records the history of the Song dynasty (960–1279). It was commissioned in 1343 and compiled under the direction of First Minister Toqto'a and Prime Minister Alutu (traditional Chinese: 阿魯圖; simplified Chinese: 阿鲁图) during the Yuan dynasty (1271–1368) at the same time as the History of Liao and the History of Jin. Running to a total of 496 chapters, the History of Song includes biographies of the Song Emperors along with contemporary records and biographical sketches of Song dynasty politicians, soldiers and philosophers.
Baton Rouge Pro Tennis Classic
The Baton Rouge Pro Tennis Classic was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was latterly part of the ATP Challenger Series and ATP Challenger Tour. It was held annually at the Lamar Tennis Center in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States, as a Futures from 2006 to 2007 and a Challenger from 2008 until 2010.

ITF Men's World Tennis Tour
The ITF Men's World Tennis Tour (formerly ITF Men's Circuit) is a series of professional tennis tournaments held around the world that are organized by the International Tennis Federation (ITF).  The tour represents the lowest rung of the men's professional tennis ladder.  ITF tournaments are incorporated into the ATP rankings, enabling young professionals to progress on to the ATP Challenger Tour and ultimately the full ATP Tour.  Nearly every professional male player has spent some time on the ITF Men's World Tennis Tour.
Poisson ring
In mathematics, a Poisson ring is a commutative ring on which an anticommutative and distributive binary operation  satisfying the Jacobi identity and the product rule is defined. Such an operation is then known as the Poisson bracket of the Poisson ring.

Many important operations and results of symplectic geometry and Hamiltonian mechanics may be formulated in terms of the Poisson bracket and, hence, apply to Poisson algebras as well. This observation is important in studying the classical limit of quantum mechanics—the non-commutative algebra of operators on a Hilbert space has the Poisson algebra of functions on a symplectic manifold as a singular limit, and properties of the non-commutative algebra pass over to corresponding properties of the Poisson algebra.

Classical limit
The classical limit or correspondence limit is the ability of a physical theory to approximate or "recover" classical mechanics when considered over special values of its parameters. The classical limit is used with physical theories that predict non-classical behavior.
Ally Love (footballer)
Alistair Love (born 22 August 1991) is a Scottish professional footballer who plays as a winger for West of Scotland Football League side Hurlford United. Love has previously played for St Mirren, East Stirlingshire, Annan Athletic, Albion Rovers, Brechin City, Clyde and Dumbarton, as well as Stenhousemuir on loan.

West of Scotland Football League
The West of Scotland Football League (WoSFL) is a senior football league based in the west of Scotland. The league sits at levels 6–10 on the Scottish football league system, acting as a feeder to the Lowland Football League.

Founded in 2020, it is currently composed of 80 member clubs competing in five divisions. Geographically, the league covers Argyll & Bute, Ayrshire, East Dunbartonshire, West Dunbartonshire, Glasgow, Inverclyde, Lanarkshire, East Renfrewshire and Renfrewshire. Two clubs are also based in Dumfries and Galloway.

Since its formation, it has featured in the senior pyramid system. The winners take part in an end of season promotion play-off with the East of Scotland Football League and South of Scotland Football League champions, subject to clubs meeting the required licensing criteria.
Miliolida
The Miliolida are an order of foraminifera with calcareous, porcelacous tests that are imperforate and commonly have a pseudochitinous lining.  Tests are composed of randomly oriented calcite needles that have a high proportion of magnesium along with organic material. Tests lack pores and generally have multiple chambers.

Miliolids, which range from the Carboniferous to recent, are benthic Foraminifera abundant in shallow waters such as in estuaries and along coastlines, though they also include deepwater oceanic forms.

Calcite
Calcite is a carbonate mineral and the most stable polymorph of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). It is a very common mineral, particularly as a component of limestone. Calcite defines hardness 3 on the Mohs scale of mineral hardness, based on scratch hardness comparison. Large calcite crystals are used in optical equipment, and limestone composed mostly of calcite has numerous uses.

Other polymorphs of calcium carbonate are the minerals aragonite and vaterite. Aragonite will change to calcite over timescales of days or less at temperatures exceeding 300 °C, and vaterite is even less stable.
Nadaka Yoshinari
Nadaka Yoshinari (吉成 名高, Yoshinari Nadaka; born January 8, 2001) is a Japanese professional Muay Thai fighter and kickboxer and the current inaugural ONE Championship Atomweight Muay Thai world champion. He is a five division champion and has formerly held Lumpinee, Rajadamnern, Thailand (PAT), WMC, WPMF, WBC, and  IBF titles.

Known in Thailand as Nadaka Eiwa Sports Gym (Thai: นาดากะ เอวะสปอร์ตยิม) he made his professional debut aged 14 at Lumpinee Stadium. Nadaka is the only foreign fighter in history to become a three division Rajadamnern champion and just the second foreigner after Youssef Boughanem to win a title at both Lumpinee Stadium and Rajadamnern Stadium.

ONE Championship
ONE Championship, formerly ONE Fighting Championship (ONE FC) until January 2015, is a multinational combat sports promotion founded on 14 July 2011 by Chatri Sityodtong and Victor Cui. Originally focused on mixed martial arts (MMA), ONE events have since incorporated muay thai, kickboxing, and submission grappling bouts. The promotion held its first event on 3 September 2011 at the Singapore Indoor Stadium, and has since held over 200 events across Asia. In 2022, parent company One Group Holdings, changed its legal operations from Singapore to the Cayman Islands.
Edward Downes (American musicologist)
Edward Olin Davenport Downes (August 12, 1911 – December 26, 2001) was an American musicologist, professor, radio personality, and music critic. He was the host of the Texaco Opera Quiz on the Metropolitan Opera radio broadcasts for nearly forty years. These broadcasts were heard across North America and Europe.

Queens College, City University of New York
Queens College (QC) is a public college in the New York City borough of Queens. Part of the City University of New York system, Queens College occupies an 83-acre (34 ha) campus primarily located in Flushing.

Queens College was established in 1937 and offers undergraduate degrees in over 70 majors, graduate studies in over 100 degree programs and certificates, over 40 accelerated master's options, 20 doctoral degrees through the CUNY Graduate Center, and a number of advanced certificate programs. Alumni and faculty of the school, such as Arturo O'Farrill and Jerry Seinfeld, have received over 100 Grammy Award nominations.

The college is organized into seven schools. It competes in Division II of the NCAA and sponsors 15 men's and women's championship-eligible varsity teams.
K. P. Gatchell
Kenneth Porter Gatchell (September 3, 1901 – June 29, 1972) was an American college basketball player and coach. He was twice an All-Southern guard for the Mississippi Aggies, leading them to the 1923 SoCon tournament title. He was also a center on the football team, and All-American in the discus. He later coached basketball at his alma mater, posting a 14–9 record. He was inducted into the Mississippi Sports Hall of Fame in 1966. He was 6'2" 200 pounds.

1923 Southern Intercollegiate men's basketball tournament
The 1923 Southern Intercollegiate men's basketball tournament took place between teams of both the Southern Conference  and Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association from February 27–March 3, 1923, at Municipal Auditorium in Atlanta, Georgia. The Mississippi A&M Aggies won their first Southern Conference title. After MSU won the tournament, a celebration broke out in downtown Starkville. A bonfire was built, and when firemen arrived to put it out, students chopped up their water hose and even hit one of the firemen over the head with a bugle.
Janet Jamieson
Janet Jamieson (born April 3, 1927) is an American former outfielder who played in the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League (AAGPBL). She batted and threw right handed.

Born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, Janet Jamieson was a skilled softball player on a championship team, even though her All-American Girls Professional Baseball League career never really took off afterwards. She appeared in one game with the South Bend Blue Sox during its 1948 season, and went hitless in her only at bat and did not have fielding chances.

Jamieson went into banking after baseball. In addition, she became a nationally ranked table tennis player.

The All-American Girls Professional Baseball League folded in 1954, but there is a permanent display at the Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum at Cooperstown, New York, since November 5, 1988, that honors the entire league rather than any individual figure.

All-American Girls Professional Baseball League
The All-American Girls Professional Baseball League (AAGPBL) was a professional women's baseball league founded by Philip K. Wrigley, which existed from 1943 to 1954. The AAGPBL is the forerunner of women's professional league sports in the United States.  Over 600 women played in the league, which eventually consisted of 10 teams located in the American Midwest. In 1948, league attendance peaked at over 900,000 spectators. The most successful team, the Rockford Peaches, won a league-best four championships.

The 1992 film A League of Their Own and the 2022 television show of the same name are mostly fictionalized accounts of the league and its stars. Sixty-five original AAGPBL members appeared in scenes for the movie filmed in October 1991 recreating the induction of the league into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1988.
Continental Junior Hockey League
The Continental Junior Hockey League (CJHL) was an independent junior ice hockey league based in the Northeastern United States and Canada. League President Jim Cashman is the former President of the now defunct semi-pro Gulf Coast Hockey League and North Eastern Hockey League.  League offices were based in Fort Erie, Ontario and Erie, Pennsylvania.  The CJHL originally claimed to have 5 teams in Canada and the United States of America for the inaugural season in 2010–11 but only ever played with two teams in its only season of operation.

Gulf Coast Hockey League
The Gulf Coast Hockey League was a short-lived minor professional ice hockey league in the Gulf Coast region of the United States. The league existed for the 2001–02 season, before folding. Texarkana won both the regular season and postseason championships.
Bill Ordway
Allan William Ordway (May 8, 1917 – September 7, 1999) was an American gridiron football player and coach of football, basketball, and baseball. He served as the head football coach at Jamestown College—now known as the University of Jamestown—in Jamestown, North Dakota from 1949 to 1950 seasons, compiling a record of 5–11.

Ordway played football for the Winnipeg Blue Bombers of the Canadian Football League (CFL) in the early 1940s.

He died of a rare lung disease, pseudomonas, in 1999. He had been in declining health in the recent years leading up to his death. He was cremated with his ashes scattered at a park.

University of Jamestown
The University of Jamestown is a private Christian university in Jamestown, North Dakota, United States. Founded in 1883 by the Presbyterian Church, it has about 1,300 students enrolled and has been co-educational from its founding. Until August 2013, the school was known as Jamestown College.
Suman Sharma Rayamajhi
Suman Sharma Rayamajhi is a Nepalese politician belonging to the Janamat Party. She is currently serving as a member of the Lumbini Provincial Assembly. In the 2022 Nepalese provincial election she was elected as a proportional representative from the Khas Arya category.

Lumbini Provincial Assembly
The Provincial Assembly of Lumbini Province also known as the Lumbini Pradesh Sabha (Nepali: लुम्बिनी प्रदेश सभा) is a unicameral governing and law making body of Lumbini Province, one of the 7 provinces in Nepal, and is situated at Dang, the interim province capital of Lumbini Province, with 60 Members of the Provincial Assembly (MPA).

The First Provincial Assembly was constituted in 2017, after the 2017 provincial elections. The current assembly was elected in November 2022.
Mastogloia
Mastogloia is a genus of diatoms belonging to the family Mastogloiaceae. The genus has cosmopolitan distribution, primarily in marine waters.

Members of this genus have complex silica chambers called partecta (singular partectum) along the sides of the first girdle band and are found only in the genus Mastogloia. Marine benthic diatoms of the genus Mastogloia are naviculoid (meaning they resemble diatoms of the genus Navicula) and symmetrical along the transapical axis. They prefer warm waters and are most commonly found in epipelic and epiphytic marine assemblages.

Assemblages of plants and invertebrate animals of tumulus (organic mound) springs of the Swan Coastal Plain
Assemblages of plants and invertebrate animals of tumulus (organic mound) springs of the Swan Coastal Plain are ecological communities in Western Australia. They have been managed under a number of other, similar names, including Mound springs of the Swan Coastal Plain and Communities of Tumulus Springs (Organic Mound Springs, Swan Coastal Plain). The tumulus mounds were common to a narrow range of groundwater discharge at the boundary of 'bassendean sand' and 'guildford clay', along the edge of the Gnangara Mound aquifer. The communities are critically endangered.
Gyalectidium flabellatum
Gyalectidium flabellatum is a species of lichen-forming fungus in the family Gomphillaceae. It is a leaf-dwelling lichen known from Papua New Guinea and Queensland, Australia, where it grows in lowland to montane forests. The species is distinguished by its characteristic fan-shaped reproductive structures that are broadest around the middle rather than at the base, a feature that separates it from other members of the genus with similarly crystalline thalli.

Foliicolous lichen
A foliicolous lichen  is a lichen which grows on the surfaces of living leaves of vascular plants, usually inhabiting the upper surface (epiphyllous) but sometimes also the lower surface (hypophyllous). Foliicolous lichens largely occur in tropical environments and of the over 800 foliicolous lichens accepted (as of 2008) over 600 of these are known from the tropics. Unlike most lichens which are common in humid but cool and temperate climates, these tropical lichens are more suited to the higher temperatures and lower light levels present beneath the rainforest canopy, where they are involved in the nutrient cycle and water retention. Chlorophyta are common photosynthetic partner phycobionts of epiphyllous lichens.
Elijah Cook
Elijah Cook (born c. 1835 –August 20, 1916) was an American community leader, organizer of schools, and legislator from Montgomery, Alabama. A formerly enslaved person, he helped establish Montgomery's first school for African Americans in 1865 after the American Civil War. Chose the site for Swayne College in 1868. He also helped bring Lincoln Normal School, predecessor of Alabama State University, to Montgomery from Marion, Alabama. The New York Public Library has a photograph of his home, business, Cook, and his wife from a book published by Chicago publisher Hertel, Jenkins & Co.

Cook was born in Wetumpka. He served in Alabama's General Assembly representing Montgomery County in 1875.

Alabama State University
Alabama State University (Alabama State, 'Bama State, or ASU) is a public historically Black university (HBCU) in Montgomery, Alabama, United States. Founded in 1867 during the Reconstruction era, it was one of about 180 "normal schools" established by state governments in the 19th century to train teachers for the rapidly growing public common schools. It was one of 23 established to train African Americans to teach in segregated schools. ASU is a member-school of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund.

Alabama State's athletic teams, known as the Hornets, compete in NCAA Division I as members of the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC).