hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Human rights in Turkey
Human rights in Turkey are protected by a variety of international law treaties, which take precedence over domestic legislation, according to Article 90 of the 1982 Constitution. The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) was not signed by Turkey until 2000. As of today, however, Turkey is party to 16 out of 18 international human rights treaties of the United Nations.
The issue of human rights is of high importance for the negotiations with the European Union (EU).

As of 2025, the Freedom House rated Turkey's human rights at 33 out of 100 (not free).

Judicial system of Turkey
The judicial system of Turkey is defined by Articles 138 to 160 of the Constitution of Turkey.

With the founding of the Republic, Turkey adopted a civil law legal system, replacing Ottoman law and the Sharia courts. The Civil Code, adopted in 1926, was based on the Swiss Civil Code of 1907 and the Swiss Code of Obligations of 1911. Although it underwent a number of changes in 2002, it retains much of the basis of the original Code. The Criminal Code, originally based on the Italian Criminal Code, was replaced in 2005 by a Code with principles similar to the German Penal Code and German law generally. Administrative law is based on the French equivalent and procedural law generally shows the influence of the Swiss, German and French legal systems. The system can be very slow – as of 2024 one land dispute has been ongoing for 53 years.
2024 Abierto Tampico – Doubles
Carmen Corley and Rebecca Marino won the title, defeating Alina Korneeva and Polina Kudermetova in the final, 6–3, 6–3.

Kamilla Rakhimova and Anastasia Tikhonova were the reigning champions, but Rakhimova chose to compete in Guangzhou instead. Tikhonova was scheduled to play with Anna Blinkova, but they withdrew from their first round match.

Anna Blinkova
Anna Vladimirovna Blinkova (born 10 September 1998) is a Russian professional tennis player. She has a career-high WTA singles ranking of No. 34, achieved on 7 August 2023, and a best doubles ranking of world No. 45, achieved on 14 September 2020. She has won two singles and three doubles titles on the WTA Tour.

Blinkova also has one singles and one doubles title each on WTA Challenger Tour, as well as four singles and eleven doubles titles on the ITF Circuit.

She was runner-up at the 2015 Wimbledon Championships in girls' singles and had a best ITF combined junior ranking of No. 3 in August 2015.
Trimerotropis huroniana
Trimerotropis huroniana, known generally as the lake Huron locust or great lakes grasshopper, is a species of band-winged grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It is found in Wisconsin and Michigan in the United States, and Ontario in Canada.

Bandwing
Bandwings, or band-winged grasshoppers, are the subfamily Oedipodinae of grasshoppers classified under the family Acrididae. They have a worldwide distribution and were originally elevated to full family status as the Oedipodidae.  Many species primarily inhabit xeric weedy fields, and some are considered to be important locusts:

Locusta migratoria: the migratory locust

Chortoicetes terminifera: the Australian plague locust

Locustana pardalina the brown locust

These grasshoppers often have colorful hindwings that may be yellow or red and edged with black. Others have black hindwings with pale edges, and a few species (including the most economically important ones) have clear hindwings. The arolium is extremely small or absent.
Paltu Tanda
Paltu Tanda is a village in Harchandpur block of Rae Bareli district, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is located 2 km from Raebareli, the district headquarters. As of 2011, its population is 414, in 80 households. It has no schools and no healthcare facilities.

The 1961 census recorded Paltu Tanda as comprising 1 hamlet, with a total population of 152 people (62 male and 90 female), in 34 households and 33 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 199 acres.

The 1981 census recorded Paltu Tanda as having a population of 195 people, in 41 households, and having an area of 80.54 hectares. The main staple foods were given as wheat and rice.

Raebareli
Raebareli (Hindi: Rāēbarēlī, pronounced [ɾaɛbəɾeliː] ⓘ) is a city in Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is the administrative headquarters of Raebareli district, and a part of Lucknow Division and comes under the Uttar Pradesh State Capital Region (UP-SCR). The city is situated on the banks of the Sai River, and center of four metropolitan cities i.e. Lucknow, Prayagraj, Ayodhya, and Kanpur. It possesses many architectural features and sites, chief of which is a strong and spacious fort. As of 2011, Raebareli had a population of 191,316 people, in 35,197 households.
Zhuang Weimin
Zhuang Weimin (Chinese: 庄惟敏; born October 1962) is a Chinese architect who is a professor and dean of the School of Architecture, Tsinghua University. He is a member of the International Union of Architects (UIA), China Green Building Association (CGBA), APEC Architect Project Monitoring Committee, Architectural Society of China (ASC), and UIA International Professional Practice Commission.

International Union of Architects
The International Union of Architects (French: Union internationale des Architectes; UIA) is an international non-governmental organization that represents the world's architects, estimated to have about 3.2 million members.
Nicolás Kicker
Nicolás Kicker (Spanish pronunciation: [nikoˈlas ˈkikeɾ], born 16 August 1992 in Merlo) is an Argentine professional tennis player. He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 78 achieved on 12 June 2017 and a doubles ranking of No. 215, reached on 9 May 2016.

His best career result is reaching a major third round in singles, at the 2018 Australian Open.

Kicker plays mainly on the ATP Challenger Tour, where he has won four titles in singles and two in doubles. He also earned 21 titles combined on the ITF Men's Tour, 14 in singles and seven in doubles.

2018 Australian Open
The 2018 Australian Open was a tennis tournament played at Melbourne Park between 15 and 28 January 2018, and was the first Grand Slam tournament of the 2018 season. The tournament consisted of events for professional players in singles, doubles and mixed doubles. Junior and wheelchair players compete in singles and doubles tournaments. Roger Federer was the defending champion in the men's singles event and successfully retained his title (his sixth), his record twentieth Grand Slam major overall, defeating Marin Čilić in the final, while Caroline Wozniacki won the women's title, defeating Simona Halep in the final to win her first Grand Slam.

The tournament was the 106th edition of the event (the 50th edition of the Open Era). Additionally, it was the 200th Major tournament of the Open Era. It also marked the 30th anniversary of the Australian Open moving from the Kooyong Tennis Club to Melbourne Park. The tournament had a record attendance of 743,667 spectators.
Frank Panton
Francis Harry "Frank" Panton, CBE (25 May 1923 – 8 April 2013) was a British military scientist, bomb disposal expert, and amateur archaeologist who played a key role in the development of the Chevaline nuclear weapons system during the Cold War. He served as the Assistant Chief Nuclear Science Advisor (ACSAN) to the British government, and was also heavily involved in military intelligence work in Berlin and Washington, DC. Later, as the chairman of the Canterbury Archaeological Trust, he oversaw the discovery and preservation of numerous important archaeological artifacts in his home county of Kent.

Bomb disposal
Bomb disposal is an explosives engineering profession using the process by which hazardous explosive devices are disabled or otherwise rendered safe. Bomb disposal is an all-encompassing term to describe the separate, but interrelated functions in the military fields of explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) and improvised explosive device disposal (IEDD), and the public safety roles of public safety bomb disposal (PSBD) and the bomb squad.
1999 World Weightlifting Championships – Men's 105 kg
The Men's Heavyweight Weightlifting Event (105 kg) is the seventh men's weight class event at the weightlifting competition, limiting competitors to a maximum of 105 kilograms of body mass. The competition at the 1999 World Weightlifting Championships took place on in Athens, Greece, on 28 November 1999.

Each lifter performed in both the snatch and clean and jerk lifts, with the final score being the sum of the lifter's best result in each. The athlete received three attempts in each of the two lifts; the score for the lift was the heaviest weight successfully lifted.

Denys Hotfrid of Ukraine won the gold medal. Evgeny Shishlyannikov of Russia finished second and Korean weightlifter Choi Jong-kun finished third and won the bronze.

Weight class
Weight classes are divisions of competition used to match competitors against others of their own size. Weight classes are used in a variety of sports including rowing, weight lifting, and especially combat sports such as boxing, kickboxing, mixed martial arts, wrestling, and Brazilian jiu-jitsu. Alternatives to formal weight classes include catch weight and openweight.

The existence of weight divisions gives rise to the practice of weight cutting. To be  the largest individual in a weight division is perceived as advantageous; therefore many athletes lose weight through dieting and dehydration prior to weigh-ins to qualify for a lower weight class.
Throscidae
Throscidae is a family of elateroid beetles found worldwide (except New Zealand) with around 150 species in 5 extant genera. The larvae are soil-dwelling, siphoning fluid from mycorrhizae attached to trees. The adults are short-lived, with the adult males being noted for a complex mating dance. Like some other elateroids, they are capable of clicking.

Mycorrhiza
A mycorrhiza (from Ancient Greek  μύκης (múkēs) 'fungus' and  ῥίζα (rhíza) 'root'; pl. mycorrhizae, mycorrhiza, or mycorrhizas) is a symbiotic association between a fungus and a plant, in which fungal hyphae and plant roots become interconnected and form an interface on the cellular level. The term mycorrhiza refers to the role of the fungus in the plant's rhizosphere, the plant root system and its surroundings. Mycorrhizae play important roles in plant nutrition, soil biology, and soil chemistry.

In a mycorrhizal association, the fungus colonizes the host plant's root tissues, either intracellularly as in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, or extracellularly as in ectomycorrhizal fungi. The association is normally mutualistic. In particular species, or in particular circumstances, mycorrhizae may have a parasitic association with host plants.
Testosterone palmitate
Testosterone palmitate,  also known as testosterone hexadecanoate, testosterone 17β-palmitate, and androst-4-en-17β-ol-3-one 17β-palmitate, is an anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) and an androgen ester – specifically, the C17β palmitate (hexadecanoate) ester of testosterone – which was never marketed. It is a prodrug of testosterone and, when administered via intramuscular injection, is associated with a long-lasting depot effect and extended duration of action.

Testosterone palmitate is a longer-chain ester of testosterone compared to testosterone undecanoate. Relative to testosterone undecanoate, testosterone palmitate shows higher oral bioavailability. However, no free testosterone was observed after administration of testosterone palmitate, suggesting that it is not hydrolyzed as efficiently as testosterone undecanoate. On the other hand, another study found that testosterone palmitate was hydrolyzed in humans.

Prodrug
A prodrug is a pharmacologically inactive medication or compound that, after intake, is metabolized (i.e., converted within the body) into a pharmacologically active drug. Instead of administering a drug directly, a corresponding prodrug can be used to improve how the drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted (ADME).

Prodrugs are often designed to improve bioavailability when a drug itself is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. A prodrug may be used to improve how selectively the drug interacts with cells or processes that are not its intended target.  This reduces adverse or unintended effects of a drug, especially important in treatments like chemotherapy, which can have severe unintended and undesirable side effects.
The Flame of Iridar
The Flame of Iridar is a science fantasy novella by American writer Lin Carter set on an ancient, inhabited Mars. It was first published in paperback by Belmont Books in May 1967 together with the unrelated Kris Neville novella Peril of the Starmen as the "Belmont Double" anthology, The Flame of Iridar/Peril of the Starmen. The anthology was reissued in trade paperback by Wildside Press in August 2018. A chapbook of the Carter work alone, constituting its first stand-alone edition, was published by Sabre Press in 2019. The first British edition was issued in ebook by Gateway/Orion in January 2020.

Chapbook
A chapbook is a type of small printed booklet that was a popular medium for street literature throughout early modern Europe. Chapbooks were usually produced cheaply, illustrated with crude woodcuts and printed on a single sheet folded into 8, 12, 16, or 24 pages, sometimes bound with a saddle stitch. Printers provided chapbooks on credit to chapmen, who sold them both from door to door and at markets and fairs, then paying for the stock they sold. The tradition of chapbooks emerged during the 16th century as printed books were becoming affordable, with the medium ultimately reaching its height of popularity during the 17th and 18th centuries. Various ephemera and popular or folk literature were published as chapbooks, such as almanacs, children's literature, folklore, ballads, nursery rhymes, pamphlets, poetry, and political and religious tracts. The term chapbook remains in use by publishers to refer to short, inexpensive booklets.
Legislature III of Italy
The Legislature III of Italy (Italian: III Legislatura della Repubblica Italiana) was the 3rd legislature of the Italian Republic, and lasted from 12 June 1958 until 15 May 1963. Its composition was the one resulting from the general election of 25 May 1958.

Antonio Segni
Antonio Segni (Italian: [anˈtɔːnjo ˈseɲɲi] ⓘ; 2 February 1891 – 1 December 1972) was an Italian politician and statesman who served as the president of Italy from 1962 to 1964, and as Prime Minister of Italy from 1955 to 1957 and again from 1959 to 1960.

A member of the Christian Democracy party, Segni held numerous prominent offices in Italy's post-war period, serving as the country's Minister of Foreign Affairs, Interior, Defence, Agriculture, and Public Education. He was the first Sardinian to become head of state and government. He was also the second shortest-serving president in the history of the Republic and the first to resign from office, due to illness.
Caucuses of the United States Congress
A congressional caucus is a group of members of the United States Congress that meets to pursue common legislative objectives. Formally, caucuses are formed as Congressional Member Organizations (CMOs) through the United States House of Representatives and governed under the rules of that chamber. Caucuses are informal in the Senate, and unlike their House counterparts, Senate groups receive neither official recognition nor funding from the chamber. In addition to the term caucus, they are sometimes called coalitions, study groups, task forces, or working groups. Caucuses typically have bipartisan membership and have co-chairs from each party. Chairs are listed below the name of each caucus.

This is a list of congressional CMOs of the United States Congress, as listed by the House Administration Committee as of January 24, 2025. This article also contains a list of sponsoring Members for Congressional Staff Organizations (CSOs) as of March 4, 2025.

Coalition
A coalition is formed when two or more people or groups temporarily work together to achieve a common goal. The term is most frequently used to denote a formation of power in political, military, or economic spaces.
Marinilla
Marinilla is a town and municipality in the Colombian department of Antioquia. The population was estimated to be 67,893 in 2020. Marinilla is part of the subregion of Eastern Antioquia.

Its nickname is "the Colombian Sparta" because, during the Colombian War of Independence, children of Marinilla led several different battles.

The municipality is bordered to the north by San Vicente, to the east by El Peñol and El Santuario, to the west by Rionegro, and to the south by El Carmen de Viboral.

Municipalities of Colombia
The municipalities of Colombia are decentralized subdivisions of the Republic of Colombia.   Municipalities make up most of the departments of Colombia, with 1,104 municipalities (municipios). Each one of them is led by a mayor (alcalde) elected by popular vote and represents the maximum executive government official at a municipality level under the mandate of the governor of their department which is a representative of all municipalities in the department; municipalities are grouped to form departments.

The municipalities of Colombia are also grouped in an association called the Federación Colombiana de Municipios (Colombian Federation of Municipalities), which functions as a union under the private law and under the constitutional right to free association to defend their common interests.
2023 Liga Femenina (Peru)
The 2023 Liga Femenina, also known as Liga Femenina Apuesta Total 2023 for sponsorship reasons, was the 25th season of the Peruvian Primera División Femenina, the highest level of Peruvian women's football. The season began on 1 April and ended on 2 September with the final.

Alianza Lima were the defending champions. As champions, Universitario qualified for the 2023 Copa Libertadores Femenina.

2023 Copa Libertadores Femenina
The 2023 Copa CONMEBOL Libertadores Femenina was the 15th edition of the CONMEBOL Libertadores Femenina (also referred to as the Copa Libertadores Femenina), South America's premier women's club football tournament organized by CONMEBOL. The tournament was held in Colombia from 5 to 21 October 2023.

Corinthians (Brazil) defeated the defending champions Palmeiras (Brazil) 1–0 in the final to win their fourth title.
Tropical night
A tropical night is a term used in many European countries to describe days when the temperature does not fall below 20 °C (68.0 °F) during the nighttime. This definition is in use in countries including Austria, Croatia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.

In the United States, by contrast, the term sultry nights  is used when the temperature does not fall below 27 °C (80.6 °F) in the Gulf and Atlantic states.

Tropical nights are common during heat waves and occur mostly over seas, coasts, and lakes. Heat gets stored in the water during periods of sunny and warm weather during the day, which is then emitted during the night and keeps the night temperatures up.

Foehn wind
A Foehn, or Föhn (German pronunciation: [føːn], UK: /fɜːn/, US: /feɪn/ fayn, US also /fʌn, fɜːrn/ fu(r)n), is a type of dry, relatively warm downslope wind in the lee of a mountain range. It is a rain shadow wind that results from the subsequent adiabatic warming of air that has dropped most of its moisture on windward slopes (see orographic lift). As a consequence of the different adiabatic lapse rates of moist and dry air, the air on the leeward slopes becomes warmer than equivalent elevations on the windward slopes.

Foehn winds can raise temperatures by as much as 14 °C (25 °F) in just a matter of hours. Switzerland, southern Germany, and Austria have a warmer climate due to the Foehn, as moist winds off the Mediterranean Sea blow over the Alps.
Serbs of Vojvodina
The Serbs of Vojvodina are an ethnographic group of Serbs native to Vojvodina, a northern province of Serbia. According to data from the 2022 census, there were 1,190,785 Serbs in Vojvodina, constituting 68.4% of the population.

Subotica
Subotica (Serbian Cyrillic: Суботица, pronounced [sǔbotitsa] ⓘ; Hungarian: Szabadka, pronounced [ˈsɒbɒtkɒ]) is a city in Central Europe and the administrative center of the North Bačka District in the autonomous province of Vojvodina, Serbia. Formerly the largest city of Vojvodina region, contemporary Subotica is now the second largest city in the province, following the city of Novi Sad. According to the 2022 census, the city proper has a population of 88,752, while the population of the administrative area of the city stands at 123,952 people.
The Bazaar of Bad Dreams
The Bazaar of Bad Dreams is a short fiction collection by Stephen King, published on November 3, 2015. This is King's sixth collection of short stories and his tenth collection overall. One of the stories, "Obits", won the 2016 Edgar Award for best short story, and the collection itself won the 2015 Shirley Jackson Award for best collection. The paperback edition, released on October 18, 2016, includes a bonus short story, "Cookie Jar", which was published in 2016 in VQR.

Virginia Quarterly Review
The Virginia Quarterly Review is a quarterly literary magazine that was established in 1925 by James Southall Wilson, at the request of University of Virginia president E. A. Alderman. This "National Journal of Literature and Discussion" includes poetry, fiction, book reviews, essays, photography, and comics.
Riverton station
Riverton station is a station on the River Line light rail system, located along South Broad Street between Thomas Avenue and Main Street in Riverton, New Jersey, though it is officially addressed as being on Main Street.

The station opened on March 15, 2004. Southbound service from the station is available to Camden, New Jersey. Northbound service is available to the Trenton Rail Station with connections to New Jersey Transit trains to New York City, SEPTA trains to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and Amtrak trains. Transfer to the PATCO Speedline is available at the Walter Rand Transportation Center.

The station contains a traffic circle at South Broad Street and Lippincott Avenue, with non-functioning railroad signals and a sign on the evolution of grade crossing signs in front of a bicycle rack. A similar display can be found at Burlington South further to the northeast.

NJ Transit
New Jersey Transit Corporation, branded as NJ Transit or NJTransit and often shortened to NJT, is a state-owned public transportation system that serves the U.S. state of New Jersey and portions of the states of New York and Pennsylvania. It operates buses, light rail, and commuter rail services throughout the state, connecting to major commercial and employment centers both within the state and in its two adjacent major cities, New York City and Philadelphia. In 2024, the system had a ridership of 225,620,400.

Covering a service area of 5,325 square miles (13,790 km2), NJT is the largest statewide public transit system and the third-largest provider of bus, rail, and light rail transit by ridership in the United States.

NJT also acts as a purchasing agency for many private operators in the state; in particular, buses to serve routes not served by the transit agency.