hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
South Carolina Highway 174
South Carolina Highway 174 (SC 174) is a 25.730-mile (41.408 km) state highway, connecting Edisto Beach with the western part of the Charleston area, in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway was designated a South Carolina scenic byway in 1988. In 2009, the U.S. Department of Transportation declared that a 17-mile (27 km) stretch of SC 174 on Edisto Island would be designated as a National Scenic Byway. According to the South Carolina Department of Transportation (SCDOT), the southern terminus is at the southern terminus of Yacht Club Road, where Palmetto Boulevard changes name to Dock Site Road. However, the signed southern terminus is at an intersection with Dock Site Road and the western terminus of Buoy Road, approximately 1,112 feet (339 m) to the northeast.

South Carolina Department of Transportation
The South Carolina Department of Transportation (SCDOT) is a government agency in the US state of South Carolina. Its mission is to build and maintain roads and bridges and administer mass transit services.

By state law, the SCDOT's function and purpose is the systematic planning, construction, maintenance, and operation of the state highway system and the development of a statewide mass transit system that is consistent with the needs and desires of the public. The SCDOT also coordinates all state and federal programs relating to highways. The goal of the SCDOT is to provide adequate, safe, and efficient transportation services for the movement of people and goods.
Gummel plot
In electronics, the Gummel plot is the combined plot of the base and collector electric currents,  and , of a bipolar transistor vs. the base–emitter voltage, , on a semi-logarithmic scale. This plot is very useful in device characterization because it reflects on the quality of the emitter–base junction while the base–collector bias, , is kept constant.

A number of other device parameters can be garnered either quantitatively or qualitatively directly from the Gummel plot:

The common-emitter current gain, , and the common-base current gain, ,

Base and collector ideality factors, ,

Series resistances and leakage currents.

Sometimes the DC current gain, , is plotted on the same figure as well.

Diode modelling
In electronics, diode modelling refers to the mathematical models used to approximate the actual behaviour of real diodes to enable calculations and circuit analysis. A diode's I-V curve is nonlinear.

A very accurate, but complicated, physical model composes the I-V curve from three exponentials with a slightly different steepness (i.e. ideality factor), which correspond to different recombination mechanisms in the device; at very large and very tiny currents the curve can be continued by linear segments (i.e. resistive behaviour).

In a relatively good approximation a diode is modelled by the single-exponential Shockley diode law. This nonlinearity still complicates calculations in circuits involving diodes 
so even simpler models are often used.

This article discusses the modelling of p-n junction diodes, but the techniques may be generalized to other solid state diodes.
Eastern Shore Railroad (19th century)
The Eastern Shore Railroad was a railroad, opened in 1860, that connected the Delaware Railroad at Delmar to the Chesapeake Bay at Crisfield, Maryland and by boat to Norfolk, Virginia. It was also used to connect a branch to Pocomoke City, Maryland in 1871. It was reorganized in 1879 and then purchased by the New York, Philadelphia and Norfolk Railroad in 1884. It is unrelated to the 20th century Eastern Shore Railroad which ran on a different set of tracks.

Pocomoke City, Maryland
Pocomoke City, dubbed "the friendliest town on the Eastern Shore", is a city in Worcester County, Maryland, United States. Although renamed in a burst of civic enthusiasm in 1878, the city is regularly referred to by its inhabitants simply as Pocomoke /ˈpoʊkoʊmoʊk/. The population was 4,295 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Salisbury, Maryland-Delaware Metropolitan Statistical Area.  Pocomoke City is a center for commerce on the lower shore, home to an industrial park currently playing host to defense contractors, aerospace engineering, and plastics fabrication. Pocomoke City is located near the Wallops Island Flight Facility in Wallops Island, Virginia.
Francis Hodgkinson
Francis Hodgkinson (died 1840) was Regius Professor of Civil Law (1834) and Erasmus Smith's Professor of Modern History (1799) at Trinity College, Dublin. He was also vice-provost of the college from 1821 to 1832. Hodgkinson did not deliver any lectures on history between the date of his appointment in 1799 and his death in 1840, causing his assistant, George Miller, to develop his own lecture course which was subsequently published in several editions. Nor did Hodgkinson deliver any lectures on law.

Regius Professor of Laws (Dublin)
The Regius Professorship of Laws is a professorship at Trinity College Dublin (TCD). It is one of the oldest chairs in the college, having been founded in 1668. Professor Mark Bell has held the post since July 2015.
Richard King (New Zealand cricketer)
Richard Terrence King (born 23 April 1973) is a New Zealand former cricketer. He played first-class cricket for Auckland, Central Districts and Otago between the 1991–92 and 2002–03 seasons.

King was born at Wellington in 1973. He played Hawke Cup cricket for Southland in 1990–91 before making his first-class debut for Otago the following season.

In a career that spanned twelve seasons, King played for Otago, Auckland and Central Districts in first-class and List A cricket. As well as Southland, he played in the Hawke Cup for Auckland, Auckland-Waitakere and Hawke's Bay. He made a total of 41 first-class, 17 List A and nine Hawke Cup appearances, scoring 1,775 first-class runs. His three centuries in first-class cricket included an unbeaten 130, made for Auckland against Otago in 1998–99.

Hawke's Bay cricket team
The Hawke's Bay cricket team, representing the Hawke's Bay region of New Zealand, played first-class cricket between 1883–84 and 1920–21, and competed in the Plunket Shield in the 1914–15 and 1920–21 seasons. The side has continued to appear in minor cricket and is one of the 21 teams from around New Zealand that compete in the Hawke Cup, where it was the dominant team from 2020 to 2024.
Crockett Creek
Crockett Creek is a stream in Clay County in the U.S. state of Missouri. It is a tributary of the Fishing River.

Crockett Creek has the name of David Crockett, a local settler and relative of Davy Crockett.

Clay County, Missouri
Clay County is located in the U.S. state of Missouri and is part of the Kansas City metropolitan area. As of the 2020 census, the county had a population of 253,335, making it the fifth-most populous county in Missouri. Its county seat is Liberty. The county was organized January 2, 1822, and named in honor of U.S. Representative Henry Clay from Kentucky, later a member of the United States Senate and United States Secretary of State. Clay County contains many of the area's northern suburbs, along with a portion of the city of Kansas City, Missouri. It also owns and operates the Midwest National Air Center in Excelsior Springs.
Patti L. MacMillan
Patti L. MacMillan is an American politician. She in the Wyoming House of Representatives from 1979 to 1996. Initially, she was elected to represent Albany County, but in 1992, she was elected top represent the 46th district. She was a Republican.

Wyoming House of Representatives
The Wyoming House of Representatives is the lower house of the Wyoming State Legislature. There are 62 Representatives in the House, representing an equal number of single-member constituent districts across the state, each with a population of at least 9,000. The House convenes at the Wyoming State Capitol in Cheyenne.

Members of the House serve two year terms without term limits. Term limits were declared unconstitutional by the Wyoming Supreme Court in 2004, overturning a decade-old law that had restricted Representatives to six terms (twelve years).

The current Speaker of the House is Chip Neiman.
Røyken
Røyken is a district and village (bygd) and a former municipality in Buskerud, Norway. In 2020 Røyken was merged with the municipalities of Hurum and Asker to form the new Asker Municipality (informally called "Greater Asker") located in the newly formed Viken county. Because Viken seized to exist, all of the new Asker Municipality became part of Akershus County. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Midtbygda.  The parish of Røken was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt).

Oslo ATCC, the Area Control Center for the controlled airspace above Østlandet is located here.

Eastern Norway
Eastern Norway (Bokmål: Østlandet, Nynorsk: Austlandet) is the geographical region of the south-eastern part of Norway. It consists of the counties Oslo, Akershus, Vestfold, Østfold, Buskerud, Telemark, and Innlandet.

Eastern Norway is by far the most populous region of Norway. It contains the country's capital, Oslo, which is Norway's most populous city.

In Norwegian, the region is called Østlandet and Austlandet (lit. 'The east land') in contrast to Vestlandet (lit. 'The west land').
Church of St. John the Baptist, Židikai
St. John the Baptist Church (Lithuanian: Šv. Jono Krikštytojo bažnyčia, Samogitian: Žėdėku šv. Juona Krėkštītoja bažnīče) is a Roman Catholic church in Židikai, Lithuania. It is located in the west of Mažeikiai district municipality, next to the Mažeikiai-Skuodas road.

Mažeikiai
Mažeikiai (pronunciationⓘ; Samogitian: Mažeikē; Latvian: Mažeiķi; Polish: Możejki) is a city in northwestern Lithuania, on the Venta River. It has a population of around 32,000, making it the eighth largest city in Lithuania and eighteenth largest city in the Baltic States. The city is the administrative center of Mažeikiai District Municipality in Telšiai County. It is the largest city that does not have its own county.
Riosucio, Caldas
Riosucio is a town and municipality in the department of Caldas in Colombia. It is best known for its biennial carnival, officially called the Carnival of Riosucio but commonly known by its former name of the "Carnival of the Devil", and is one of the biggest and most popular carnivals in Colombia. Located along the Colombian coffee growing axis, the municipality was made part of the "Coffee Cultural Landscape" UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2011.

Municipalities of Colombia
The municipalities of Colombia are decentralized subdivisions of the Republic of Colombia.   Municipalities make up most of the departments of Colombia, with 1,104 municipalities (municipios). Each one of them is led by a mayor (alcalde) elected by popular vote and represents the maximum executive government official at a municipality level under the mandate of the governor of their department which is a representative of all municipalities in the department; municipalities are grouped to form departments.

The municipalities of Colombia are also grouped in an association called the Federación Colombiana de Municipios (Colombian Federation of Municipalities), which functions as a union under the private law and under the constitutional right to free association to defend their common interests.
Synchytrium
Synchytrium is a large genus of plant pathogens within the phylum Chytridiomycota. Species are commonly known as false rust or wart disease. Approximately 200 species are described, and all are obligate parasites of angiosperms, ferns, or mosses. Early species were mistakenly classified among the higher fungi (Ascomycota or Basidiomycota) because of their superficial similarity to the rust fungi. Anton de Bary and Mikhail S. Woronin recognized the true nature of these fungi and established the genus to accommodate Synchytrium taraxaci, which grows on dandelions, and S. succisae, which grows on Succisa pratensis. Synchytrium taraxaci is the type of the genus. The genus has been divided into 6 subgenera based on differences in life cycles.

Zoospore
A zoospore is a motile asexual spore that uses a flagellum for locomotion in aqueous or moist environments. Also called a swarm spore, these spores are created by some protists, bacteria, and fungi to propagate themselves. Certain zoospores are infectious and transmittable, such as Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, a fungal zoospore that causes high rates of mortality in amphibians.
Giacobbe Fragomeni
Giacobbe Fragomeni (born 13 August 1969) is an Italian former professional boxer who competed from 2001 to 2017. He held the World Boxing Council (WBC) cruiserweight title from 2008 to 2009. As an amateur, he won a bronze medal at the 1997 World Championships; and gold at the 1997 Mediterranean Games and 1998 European Championships. Outside of boxing, he won the eleventh series of L'isola dei famosi in 2016.

1997 Mediterranean Games
The XIII Mediterranean Games, commonly known as the 1997 Mediterranean Games, were the 13th Mediterranean Games. The Games were held in Bari, Italy, from 13 to 25 June 1997, where 2,956 athletes (2,166 men and 790 women) from 21 countries participated. There were a total of 234 medal events from 27 different sports.
Tom Swift and His Undersea Search
Children's literature portal

Novels portal

Tom Swift and His Undersea Search, Or, The Treasure on the Floor of the Atlantic, is Volume 23 in the original Tom Swift novel series published by Grosset & Dunlap by Victor Appleton

Grosset & Dunlap
Grosset & Dunlap is a New York City-based publishing house founded in 1898.

The company was purchased by G. P. Putnam's Sons in 1982 and today is part of Penguin Random House through its subsidiary Penguin Group.

In recent years, through the Penguin Group, they have published approximately 170 titles a year, including licensed children's books for such properties as Miss Spider, Strawberry Shortcake, Super Why!, Charlie and Lola, Nova the Robot, Weebles, Bratz, The Wiggles, Sonic X, and Atomic Betty. Grosset & Dunlap also publishes Dick and Jane children's books and, through Platt & Munk, The Little Engine That Could.
Chiloglanis frodobagginsi
Chiloglanis frodobagginsi is a species of catfish native to West Africa, in particular the upper Niger River. First described in 2023, it was initially mistaken for its sister species, Chiloglanis micropogon.

Niger River
The Niger River (/ˈnaɪdʒər/ NY-jər; French: (le) fleuve Niger [(lə) flœv niʒɛʁ]) is the main river of West Africa, extending about 4,180 kilometres (2,600 miles). Its drainage basin is 2,117,700 km2 (817,600 sq mi) in area. Its source is in the Guinea Highlands in south-eastern Guinea near the Sierra Leone border. It runs in a crescent shape through southwest Mali and through southwest Niger, on the border with Benin, and then through Nigeria, discharging through a massive delta, known as the Niger Delta, into the Gulf of Guinea in the Atlantic Ocean. The Niger is the 14th-longest river in the world and the third-longest river in Africa, exceeded by the Nile and the Congo River. Its main tributary is the Benue River.
Soo Eagles
The Soo Eagles are an American junior ice hockey team from Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan that plays in the Northern Ontario Junior Hockey League (NOJHL).  In 2012, the Eagles bought the North American Hockey League franchise rights of the Traverse City North Stars and transferred to the NAHL.  In 2015, the Eagles sold their franchise rights and rejoined the NOJHL.

Dudley Hewitt Cup
The Dudley Hewitt Cup (also known as the Dudley Hewitt Memorial Trophy) was awarded annually from 1971–2019 to the  championship Junior 'A' ice hockey team for the Central/East region of Canada. That region initially extended east from Ontario to The Maritimes. Later, the scope was limited to teams from the Ontario Junior Hockey League (OJHL), Northern Ontario Junior Hockey League (NOJHL) and Superior International Junior Hockey League (SIJHL). The winners of the Dudley Hewitt Cup went on to compete for the national championship Centennial Cup.

It was named after George Dudley and W. A. Hewitt, who served as administrators for the Ontario Hockey Association and are inductees of the Hockey Hall of Fame.
Viswam (film)
Viswam (transl. The Universe) is a 2024 Indian Telugu-language action comedy film co-written and directed by Sreenu Vaitla while Gopimohan, Bhanu-Nandu and Praveen Verma wrote the screenplay. The film is produced by Chitralayam Studios and People Media Factory. The film stars Gopichand and Kavya Thapar. The soundtrack and background score were composed by Chaitan Bharadwaj and Bheems Ceciroleo, while the cinematography and editing were handled by K. V. Guhan and Amar Reddy Kudumula, respectively.

Viswam was scheduled to release in theatres on 11 October 2024. The film received mixed reviews from critics and became an average grosser at the box office.

Gopimohan
Gopimohan  (born Pinnamaneni Gopi Mohan) is an Indian screenplay and story writer who works in the Telugu film industry. Gopi Mohan was born in Kurumaddali village Near Vuyyuru, Krishna District of Andhra Pradesh. From childhood, he was passionate about movies.
Alain Bertrand
Alain Bertrand (23 February 1951 – 3 March 2020) was a French politician. Born in Saint-Juéry, Tarn, he was originally a member of the Socialist Party before switching to LREM. At the time of his death, Bertrand had served as the Senate's representative of the Lozère department since 2012. He was mayor of Mende from 2008 to 2016. He also previously served as the vice-president of the regional council of Languedoc-Roussillon from 2004 to 2011.

On 3 March 2020, Bertrand died in Mende of an unspecified illness, at the age of 69.

Mende, Lozère
Mende (French pronunciation: [mɑ̃d], Occitan pronunciation: [ˈmende]) is a commune and the prefecture of the department of Lozère, in the region of Occitania, Southern France. Its inhabitants are called the Mendois. The city, including the first traces of dwellings date back to 200 BC, was originally named Mimata, probably in reference to the mountains that surround it.

Mende is located between Clermont-Ferrand and Montpellier, but also on the axis of Lyon–Saint-Étienne–Albi–Toulouse. The other important nearby towns are Aurillac and Saint-Flour (Cantal), Le Puy-en-Velay (Haute-Loire), Rodez, Millau (Aveyron) and Alès and Nîmes (Gard).

Even though Mende remains a relatively sparsely populated city (approximately 12,000 inhabitants), it remains the most important of the Lozère Department. In addition, it is the city-centre of the unique urban area of this department.

It is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Mende.
Leonard Shepherd
Leonard Alec Shepherd (February 18, 1897 – December 10, 1969) was a politician and businessman mostly connected with the City of Surrey, British Columbia, Canada.  He was a Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) for the riding of Delta from 1937 until 1945 as a member of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation. He was defeated in the 1945, 1949, 1952 and 1953 provincial elections as well as in a 1957 provincial byelection.

He was born in Tiddington, Oxfordshire, England and moved to the Lower Mainland of British Columbia in 1910 with his family. Shepherd served overseas during World War I. After the war, he worked as a wireless operator on coastal steamships. In 1921, he established a farm machinery business. Shepherd was also a member of the Surrey City Council and a member of the Surrey School Board.  The former Len Shepherd Secondary School was named in his honour.

Shepherd died in New Westminster, British Columbia at the age of 71.

Delta (provincial electoral district)
Delta was the name of a provincial electoral district in the Canadian province of British Columbia based on the municipality of Delta at the mouth of the Fraser River between the city of Vancouver and the Canada–United States border. It made its first appearance on the hustings in the election of 1903 and its last in the election of 1986, after which it was succeeded by Delta North and Delta South, which are the current ridings in the area.
2019 European Canoe Slalom Championships
The 2019 European Canoe Slalom Championships took place in Pau, France under the auspices of the European Canoe Association (ECA). It was the 20th edition of the competition and Pau hosted the event for the first time. The events took place at the Pau-Pyrénées Whitewater Stadium from 29 May to 2 June 2019.

Pau-Pyrénées Whitewater Stadium
43°17′10″N 0°21′29″W﻿ / ﻿43.286°N 0.358°W﻿ / 43.286; -0.358

Pau-Pyrénées Whitewater Stadium (French: Stade d'eaux-vives Pau-Pyrénées) is the home training facility for the French national canoe slalom team.  It was first used to train the French team for the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing.  It 2009, it was the first of three venues used in the canoe slalom World Cup. It is also a whitewater park for recreational use by the general public.
Erich Kempka
Erich Kempka (16 September 1910 – 24 January 1975) was a member of the SS in Nazi Germany who served as Adolf Hitler's primary chauffeur from 1936 to April 1945. He was present in the area of the Reich Chancellery on 30 April 1945, when Hitler shot himself in the Führerbunker. Kempka delivered petrol to the garden behind the Chancellery, where the remains of Hitler and Eva Braun were burned. After Kempka's capture by United States forces, he served as a witness as to Hitler's demise, while admitting to his unreliability.

Reich Chancellery
The Reich Chancellery (German: Reichskanzlei) was the traditional name of the office of the Chancellor of Germany (then called Reichskanzler) in the period of the German Reich from 1878 to 1945. The Chancellery's seat, selected and prepared since 1875, was the former city palace of Adolf Friedrich Count von der Schulenburg (1685–1741) and later Prince Antoni Radziwiłł (1775–1833) on Wilhelmstraße in Berlin. Both the palace and a new Reich Chancellery building (completed in early 1939) were seriously damaged during World War II and subsequently demolished.

Today the office of the German chancellor is usually called Kanzleramt (Chancellor's Office), or more formally Bundeskanzleramt (Federal Chancellor's Office). The latter is also the name of the new seat of the Chancellor's Office, completed in 2001.
K. Vasudevadas
Kuthethurshri Vasudevadas (born 26 January 1985) is an Indian former first class cricketer. He was a left-hand batsman and a leg-break bowler. He played for Tamil Nadu from 2004 to 2014. He made his List A debut on 8 February 2004 against Rajasthan in which he did not get to bat. He made his first-class debut on 14–17 February against England A in which he scored 98. He was signed by the Chennai Super Kings in 2011. But he did not play a match for them.

Rajasthan cricket team
The Rajasthan cricket team is a cricket team which represents the Indian state of Rajasthan. The team won the Ranji Trophy in the 2010–11 and 2011-12 seasons, having finished runners-up eight times between 1960–61 and 1973-74. It is currently in the Ranji Trophy Elite group. It is run by the Rajasthan Cricket Association and is popularly known as "Team Rajasthan".