hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
San Vicente Ferrer Church (Calulut)
San Vicente Ferrer Parish Church is a Roman Catholic church located in Calulut, San Fernando, Pampanga, Philippines. It is under the jurisdiction of the Archdiocese of San Fernando. Established as a parish in 1914, it originally encompassed 28 barangays from as far as Anao in Mexico to the east, Dolores to the south, Telabastagan to the north and a number of villages of San Fernando on the west side along what is now known as MacArthur Highway.

MacArthur Highway
The MacArthur Highway, officially the Manila North Road (MNR or MaNor), is a 685-kilometer (426 mi), two-to-six lane, national primary highway and tertiary highway in Luzon, Philippines, connecting Caloocan in Metro Manila to Aparri in Cagayan at the north. It is the second longest road in the Philippines, after the Pan-Philippine Highway. It is primarily known as MacArthur Highway in segments from Caloocan to Urdaneta, Pangasinan, although it is also applied up to Ilocos Sur and called Manila North Road for the entire length. It was named after the top American general commander during World War II and the Korean War, Douglas MacArthur.
Neolitsea daibuensis
Neolitsea daibuensis is a species of plant in the family Lauraceae endemic to Taiwan. It is a small semi-deciduous tree that grows in the broad-leaved forests in southern Taiwan at altitudes of 800–1,000 m (2,600–3,300 ft). It is threatened by habitat loss.

Lauraceae
Lauraceae, or the laurels, is a plant family that includes the true laurel and its closest relatives. This family comprises about 2850 known species in about 45 genera worldwide. They are dicotyledons, and occur mainly in warm temperate and tropical regions, especially Southeast Asia and South America. Many are aromatic evergreen trees or shrubs, but some, such as Sassafras, are deciduous, or include both deciduous and evergreen trees and shrubs, especially in tropical and temperate climates. The genus Cassytha is unique in the Lauraceae in that its members are parasitic vines. Many species within the laurel family are highly toxic; however, some, such as the avocado (Persea americana), are edible and widely consumed. Members of the laurel family have played a significant role in the spice trade, particularly genera like Cinnamomum, which produce aromatic oils used extensively in cooking, perfumery, and traditional medicine.
Ordonnance
In French law, an ordonnance (French: [ɔʁdɔnɑ̃s] ⓘ, "order") is a statutory instrument issued by the Council of Ministers in an area of law normally reserved for primary legislation enacted by the French Parliament.  They function as temporary statutes pending ratification by the Parliament; failing ratification they function as mere executive regulations.

Ordonnances should not be confused with décrets issued by the prime minister (an order-in-council) or president, or with ministerial orders (arrêtés); these are issued either in matters where the Constitution allows primary legislation from the Council or as secondary legislation implementing a statute.

In the French justice system, the word can also refer to a summary ruling made by a single judge for simple cases.

Order in Council
An Order in Council (abbreviated as OIC in some countries) is a type of legal instrument issued by the executive branch of a government, often the head of state or their representatives, on the advice of a cabinet or council of ministers. These instruments are used in several Commonwealth realms, with equivalent instruments also found in countries with a Westminster system of government. Although the specifics vary by country, Orders in Council typically allow the executive to make formal decisions or regulations without enacting new legislation.
ATP Barcelona (1973–1976)
The ATP Barcelona  was a men's clay court tennis tournament founded in 1973. Also known as the Barcelone Championships that was played in Barcelona, Spain. In 1975 this event was co-valid as the Catalonian Championships (1935–1978). The tournament was part of the ATP Spring Circuit from 1973 to 1976, a subsidiary circuit of the ILTF European Circuit. It was not part of the ILTF Grand Prix Circuit.

Grand Prix tennis circuit
The ITF Grand Prix Circuit  was a professional tennis tour for male players founded in 1970 as the ILTF Grand Prix Tennis Circuit  it was administered by the International Tennis Federation (ITF) and ran annually until 1989 when it and the rival WCT Circuit were replaced by a single world wide ATP Tour.

The women's tour the ILTF Women's International Grand Prix Circuit ran from 1971 to 1976. It's events were absorbed to form the Colgate International Series.
On- and off-hook
In telephony, on-hook and off-hook are two states of a communication circuit. On subscriber telephones the states are produced by placing the handset onto or off the hookswitch. Placing the circuit into the off-hook state is also called seizing the line. Off-hook originally referred to the condition that prevailed when telephones had a separate earpiece (receiver), which hung from its switchhook until the user initiated a telephone call by removing it. When off hook the weight of the receiver no longer depresses the spring-loaded switchhook, thereby connecting the instrument to the telephone line.

Local loop
In telephony, the local loop (also referred to as the local tail, subscriber line, or in the aggregate as the last mile) is the physical link or circuit that connects from the demarcation point of the customer premises to the edge of the common carrier or telecommunications service provider's network.

At the edge of the carrier access network in a traditional public telephone network, the local loop terminates in a circuit switch housed in an incumbent local exchange carrier or telephone exchange.
Fanninia
Fanninia is a species of plants in the family Apocynaceae first described as a genus in 1868. It contains only one known species, Fanninia caloglossa, a tuberous geophyte native to the Eastern Cape, Free State, and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa.

Storage organ
A storage organ is a part of a plant specifically modified for storage of energy 
(generally in the form of carbohydrates) or water. Storage organs often grow underground, where they are better protected from attack by herbivores. Plants that have an underground storage organ are called geophytes in the Raunkiær plant life-form classification system. Storage organs often, but not always, act as perennating organs which enable plants to survive adverse conditions (such as cold, excessive heat, lack of light or drought).
Playground Music Scandinavia
Playground Music Scandinavia AB (PGM) is an independent record company from Scandinavia, founded in 1999. The company operates across Scandinavia with offices in Sweden, Denmark, Finland, and Norway. Additionally, it has established local distribution partnerships in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Iceland.

Since 2010, Jonas Sjöström has held ownership of the company. Playground Music works with multiple music genres, including pop and rock music.

The company also acts as a representative for various international independent labels, including Beggars Banquet, 4AD, Domino, Matador, XL Recordings, Mute, Cooking Vinyl, Secretly Canadian, City Slang, Ninja Tune, Ignition, and Epitaph.

Cooking Vinyl
Cooking Vinyl is a British independent record label, based in Acton, London, England. It was founded in 1986 by former manager and booking agent Martin Goldschmidt and his business partner Pete Lawrence. Goldschmidt remains the current owner and chairman, while Rob Collins is managing director.
1st Reserve Infantry Division of Beijing
The 1st Reserve Infantry Division of Beijing(Chinese: 北京陆军预备役步兵第1师) was a reserve infantry formation of the People's Liberation Army.

The formation of the division started in September 1983. The division was formally activated on February 1, 1985.

The division was then composed of:

1st Regiment  - Tong County, Beijing

2nd Regiment - Shunyi, Beijing

3rd Regiment

Artillery Regiment - Pinggu, Beijing

Tank Regiment - Huairou, Beijing

Tank Regiment, 1st Reserve Infantry Division was deactivated in October 1986.

The division, combined with the 2nd Reserve Infantry Division of Beijing, reorganized into the Reserve Antiaircraft Artillery Division of Beijing Guard District in March 1999.

Shunyi, Beijing
Shunyi District (Chinese: 顺义区; pinyin: Shùnyì Qū) is a district of Beijing. Shunyi borders the Beijing districts of Pinggu to the east, Tongzhou to the south, Chaoyang to the southwest, Changping to the west, Huairou to the north, and Miyun to the northeast, as well as Hebei province to the southeast.

Shunyi has large communities of foreign expatriates.
Chalybion californicum
Chalybion californicum, the common blue mud dauber of North America, is a metallic blue species of mud dauber wasp first described by Henri Louis Frédéric de Saussure in 1867. It is not normally aggressive towards humans. It is similar in shape and colour to the steel-blue cricket hunter (Chlorion aerarium). Like other types of wasps, males do not have an ovipositor, and therefore cannot sting. It is ranged from northern Mexico to southern Canada, including most of the United States. It has also been introduced to regions including Hawaii, Bermuda, Croatia and other European countries.

Henri Louis Frédéric de Saussure
Henri Louis Frédéric de  Saussure (/soʊˈsjʊər/; French: [də sosyʁ]; 27 November 1829 – 20 February 1905) was a Swiss mineralogist, taxonomist and entomologist specialising in studies of hymenopteroid and orthopteroid insects.
Safiullah Khan
Safiullah Khan (Urdu, Pashto: صفی اللہ خان; born 13 March 1979) is a Pakistani former footballer who played as a forward. Khan made his international debut in 2005, and won the highest goal-scorer award in the 2010 AFC Challenge Cup qualifiers, where he finished as the top-scorer with 5 goals.  He is the first Pakistani player to score four goals in a single international match.

2009 National Football Challenge Cup
The 2009 National Football Challenge Cup was the 19th edition of National Football Challenge Cup. The tournament was hosted by Hyderabad. The tournament started on 18 April and concluded on 28 April.

Pakistan Navy were the defending champions, they were eliminated in the semi-finals by the eventual winners Khan Research Laboratories, who won their first major trophy since establishment.
2 Corinthians 5
2 Corinthians 5 is the fifth chapter of the Second Epistle to the Corinthians in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It was written by Paul the Apostle and Timothy (2 Corinthians 1:1) in Macedonia in 55–56 CE.

The 18th-century theologian John Gill (1697-1771) summarises the contents of this chapter:

The apostle, in this chapter, enlarges upon the saints' comfortable assurance, expectation, and desire of the heavenly glory; discourses of the diligence and industry of himself and other Gospel ministers in preaching the word, with the reasons that induced them to it; and closes it with a commendation of the Gospel ministry from the important subject, sum, and substance of it.

Saint Timothy
Timothy (Greek: Τιμόθεος, Timótheos, meaning "honouring God" or "honoured by God") was an early Christian evangelist and the first Catholic bishop of Ephesus, whom the Acts of Timothy relates died around the year AD 97.

Timothy was from the Lycaonian city of Lystra or of Derbe in Asia Minor, born of a Jewish mother who had become a Christian believer, and a Greek father. The Apostle Paul met him during his second missionary journey and he became Paul's companion and missionary partner along with Silas. The New Testament indicates that Timothy traveled with Paul the Apostle, who was also his mentor. He is addressed as the recipient of the First and Second Epistles to Timothy in the New Testament.
Phoronis ovalis
Phoronis ovalis is a species of marine horseshoe worm in the phylum Phoronida. It is found in shallow waters in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean, the southeastern Atlantic Ocean, Argentina, and other scattered locations worldwide. These worms secrete a tube into which they can retreat, and burrow into the shells of molluscs.

Phylum
In biology, a phylum (/ˈfaɪləm/; pl.: phyla) is a level of classification, or taxonomic rank, that is below kingdom and above class. Traditionally, in botany the term division has been used instead of phylum, although the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants accepts the terms as equivalent. Depending on definitions, the animal kingdom Animalia contains about 32 phyla, the plant kingdom Plantae contains about 14 phyla, and the fungus kingdom Fungi contains about eight phyla. Current research in phylogenetics is uncovering the relationships among phyla within larger clades like Ecdysozoa and Embryophyta.
Azo coupling
In organic chemistry, an azo coupling is a reaction between a diazonium compound (R−N≡N+) and another aromatic compound that produces an azo compound (R−N=N−R’). In this electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, the aryldiazonium cation is the electrophile, and the activated carbon (usually from an arene, which is called coupling agent), serves as a nucleophile.  Classical coupling agents are phenols and naphthols.  Usually the diazonium reagent attacks at the para position of the coupling agent.  When the para position is occupied, coupling occurs at a ortho position, albeit at a slower rate.

Organic reaction
Organic reactions are chemical reactions involving organic compounds. The basic organic chemistry reaction types are addition reactions, elimination reactions, substitution reactions, pericyclic reactions, rearrangement reactions, photochemical reactions and redox reactions. In organic synthesis, organic reactions are used in the construction of new organic molecules. The production of many man-made chemicals such as drugs, plastics, food additives, fabrics depend on organic reactions.

The oldest organic reactions are combustion of organic fuels and saponification of fats to make soap. Modern organic chemistry starts with the Wöhler synthesis in 1828. In the history of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry awards have been given for the invention of specific organic reactions such as the Grignard reaction in 1912, the Diels–Alder reaction in 1950, the Wittig reaction in 1979 and olefin metathesis in 2005.
Liza Minnelli (album)
Liza Minnelli is a self-titled studio album by Liza Minnelli. Released on February 26, 1968, by A&M Records in the United States, it contains her interpretations of pop/rock and singer/songwriters' songs. The production is by Larry Marks, and unlike her previous albums, this is the first one to depart from her typical Broadway sound and delve more into the contemporary pop genre of the 1960s and the works of singer-songwriters. The main inspiration for this change was her recent marriage to composer Peter Allen, who had a strong affinity for Randy Newman, whose songs are most prominent on this album.

The reception from music critics was favorable. Overall, they noted that the album was light, relaxed, and featured an effervescent performance by the singer, with many considering it Minnelli's best work up to that point. In 1969, HiFi Stereo Review magazine awarded the 1968 album Record of the Year.

Sound & Vision (magazine)
Sound & Vision was an American magazine, purchased by AVTech Media Ltd. (UK) in March 2018, covering home theater, audio, video and multimedia consumer products. Before 2000, it had been published for most of its history as Stereo Review. The magazine is headquartered in New York City. October/November 2024 was the last printed issue, with the brand continuing as a website.
Spring (Alma-Tadema painting)
Spring is an 1894 oil-on-canvas painting by the Anglo-Dutch artist Lawrence Alma-Tadema, which has been in the collection of the J. Paul Getty Museum in Los Angeles, California, since 1972.   The painting relates the Victorian custom of children collecting flowers on May Day back to an Ancient Roman spring festival, perhaps Cerealia or Floralia or Ambarvalia, although the details depicted in the painting do not correspond to any single Roman festival.  It was the inspiration for the scene of Julius Caesar's triumphal entry into Rome in the 1934 film Cleopatra.

Floralia
The Floralia was a festival of ancient Roman religion in honor of the goddess Flora, held on 27 April during the Republican era, or 28 April in the Julian calendar. The festival included Ludi Florae, the "Games of Flora", which lasted for six days under the empire.

The festival had a licentious, pleasure-seeking atmosphere. In contrast to many festivals which had a patrician character, the games of Flora were plebeian in nature.
Emil Bose
Emil Hermann Bose (October 20, 1874 in Bremen, Germany – May 25, 1911 in La Plata, Argentina), was a German physicist. He was the first director of the Department of Electrical Engineering at the University of La Plata, Argentina. He studied under Walther Nernst at the University of Göttingen, Germany and was recruited by the newly created university in Argentina, where he taught for two years until his death from typhoid fever in 1911. He was succeeded by Richard Gans.
See 
Bibiloni, A.G. (2005)

Walther Nernst
Walther Hermann Nernst ForMemRS (German pronunciation: [ˈvaltɐ ˈnɛʁnst] ⓘ; 25 June 1864 – 18 November 1941) was a German  physical chemist known for his work in thermodynamics, physical chemistry, electrochemistry, and solid-state physics. His formulation of the Nernst heat theorem helped pave the way for the third law of thermodynamics, for which he won the 1920 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He is also known for developing the Nernst equation in 1887.

He studied physics and mathematics at the universities of Zürich, Berlin, Graz and Würzburg, where he received his doctorate 1887. In 1889, he finished his habilitation at University of Leipzig.
Rygg
Rygg is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Andreas Rygg (1909–1999), Norwegian military officer

Andreas Nilsen Rygg (1868–1951), Norwegian-American journalist, newspaper editor and author

Eli Rygg (born 1955), Norwegian television personality and children's writer

Joachim Rygg, Norwegian musician

Kristoffer Rygg (born 1976), Norwegian heavy-metal vocalist, musician and producer

Leif Rygg (1940–2018), Norwegian hardingfele fiddle player and folk music instructor

Nicolai Rygg (1872–1957), Norwegian economist

Joachim Rygg
Joachim Rygg is a Norwegian musician. He is also known by his stage name Charmand Grimloch, and was the sole musical force in the symphonic black metal project Tartaros. He has since moved to the United States and composes music for films.
2022–23 Coppa Italia
The 2022–23 Coppa Italia (branded as the Coppa Italia Frecciarossa for sponsorship reasons from the second round) was the 76th edition of the national domestic tournament. There were 44 participating teams.

Match times up to 30 October 2022 and from 26 March 2023 were CEST (UTC+2). Times on interim ("winter") days were CET (UTC+1).

Internazionale successfully defended their cup title after defeating Fiorentina 2–1 in the final. It was the club's ninth cup title.

Serie C
The Serie C (Italian pronunciation: [ˈsɛːrje ˈtʃi]), officially known as Serie C Sky Wifi for sponsorship purposes, is the third-highest division in the Italian football league system after the Serie B and Serie A. The Lega Italiana Calcio Professionistico (Lega Pro) is the governing body that operates the Serie C.

The unification of the Lega Pro Prima Divisione and the Lega Pro Seconda Divisione as Lega Pro Divisione Unica (often also abbreviated as Lega Pro) in 2014 reintroduced the format of the original Serie C that existed between 1935 and 1978 (before the split into Serie C1 and Serie C2). In May 2017, the Lega Pro assembly unanimously approved renaming the competition to its original name, Serie C.
Sri Lankan intelligence agencies
The Government of Sri Lanka maintains intelligence agencies that conduct intelligence activities to support the national security of Sri Lanka. Their intelligence assessments contribute to the conduct of national security, military planning and law enforcement. The main organisations are the State Intelligence Service and the Directorate of Military Intelligence. These intelligence agencies are coordinated by the Chief of National Intelligence (CNI), who reports to the Secretary of Defense.

Government of Sri Lanka
The Government of Sri Lanka (GoSL) (Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකා රජය, romanised: Śrī Laṅkā Rajaya; Tamil: இலங்கை அரசாங்கம், romanised: Ilaṇkai Aracāṅkam) is a semi-presidential republic determined by the Sri Lankan Constitution. It administers the island from both its commercial capital of Colombo and the administrative capital of Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte.
Prosopis
Prosopis is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. The current circumscription of the genus contains three species found in northern Africa, the Middle East, Central and South Asia. Previously it also contained around 40 species of spiny trees and shrubs found in subtropical and tropical regions of the Americas and Africa, now mostly placed in genera Strombocarpa and Neltuma. They often thrive in arid soil and are resistant to drought, on occasion developing extremely deep root systems. Their wood is usually hard, dense and durable. Their fruits are pods and may contain large amounts of sugar. The generic name means "burdock" in late Latin and originated in the Greek language.

Thorns, spines, and prickles
In plant morphology, thorns, spines, and prickles, and in general spinose structures (sometimes called spinose teeth or spinose apical processes), are hard, rigid extensions or modifications of leaves, roots, stems, or buds with sharp, stiff ends, and generally serve the same function: physically defending plants against herbivory.
John L. Heilbron
John Lewis Heilbron (March 17, 1934 – November 5, 2023) was an American historian of science best known for his work in the history of physics and the history of astronomy. He was Professor of History and Vice-Chancellor Emeritus (Vice-Chancellor 1990–1994) at the University of California, Berkeley, senior research fellow at Worcester College, Oxford, and visiting professor at Yale University and the California Institute of Technology. He edited the academic journal Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences for twenty-five years.

Lowell High School (San Francisco)
Lowell High School (LHS) is a co-educational, magnet public high school in San Francisco, California, first established in 1856. It is a part of the San Francisco Unified School District (SFUSD). Situated on the West Side of the city, the school is south of Parkmerced and the Parkside district, west of Stonestown Galleria, north of San Francisco State University, northeast of Lake Merced, and east of Lakeshore Elementary School.

LHS uses merit-based admissions, unlike other schools in the district, which use a lottery system or receive students from a specified attendance area. The admissions process requires submitting scores from standardized testing from the previous school year and a writing supplement. Previously an entrance exam was required, but after reports of racism in the admissions department and the COVID-19 pandemic, the exam was waived in 2021. However, because academic performance of the school declined, it reinstated use of standardized test scores.