hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2027 Men's EuroHockey Championship
The 2027 Men's EuroHockey Championship will be the 21st edition of the Men's EuroHockey Championship, the biennial international men's field hockey championship of Europe organised by the European Hockey Federation. This will be the first edition since 2003 with 12 teams participating, it will have a new format.

The tournament will be held alongside the women's tournament at two venues in London, England in the Summer of 2027. The preliminary rounds and the quarter-finals will be held at the Lee Valley Hockey and Tennis Centre and the semi-finals and finals will be held at Twickenham Stoop. It will be the third time England will host the Men's EuroHockey Championship and the second time it will be held in London. The winner will qualify for the 2028 Summer Olympics.

Field hockey at the 2028 Summer Olympics
The field hockey tournaments at the 2028 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles are scheduled to be held from July 2028 in Carson Stadium, regularly known as Dignity Health Sports Park. Twenty-four teams (twelve each for men and women) will compete against each other in their respective tournaments.
Antoni Wojciechowski
Antoni Wojciechowski (6 June 1905 – 19 January 1938) was a Polish chess master.

He was a well-known player in Poznań in the 1920s and 1930s. In 1926, he tied for 2nd-3rd in the Poznań chess championship. The same year, he won at the Poznań Chess Club Championship. In 1928, he won again the Poznań chess championship. Wojciechowski represented Poznań at the Polish Team championships (1st at Królewska Huta (Königshütte) 1929, and 2nd at Katowice 1934). He took 16th place in the 3rd Polish Chess Championship at Warsaw 1935, which was won by Savielly Tartakower, and 11th place in the 4th Polish Championship at Jurata 1937, which was won again by Tartakower.

He played for Poland on the eighth board (+7 –2 =5) in the 3rd unofficial Chess Olympiad at Munich 1936. The Polish team won the silver medal there. He was a poor man with weak health, and in January 1938 a bad attack of pneumonia killed him.

Savielly Tartakower
Savielly Tartakower (also known as Xavier or Ksawery Tartakower, less often Tartacover or Tartakover; 21 February 1887 – 4 February 1956) was a Austro-Hungarian by birth, then Polish, later naturalised French chess player. He was awarded the title of International Grandmaster in its inaugural year, 1950. Tartakower was also a leading chess journalist and author of the 1920s and 1930s and is noted for his many witticisms.

During World War II, he joined the French Resistance under the name "Lieutenant Cartier".
The Card Players (Goya)
The Card Players (Spanish: Jugadores de naipes) is a painting by Francisco de Goya, created in 1777, belonging to the second series of tapestry cartoons intended for the dining room of the Prince of Asturias in the El Pardo Royal Palace.

Gregorio Cruzada Villaamil
Gregorio Cruzada Villaamil (1832 – November 29, 1884) was a Spanish art historian, interested in the art of Velasquez, Rubens, Goya, and all the art seized by the Spanish state during the Mendizábal confiscations.

Cruzada Villaamil was born in Alicante to a wealthy family and first became a diplomat in Vienna and Berlin before returning to Madrid in 1855 and settling in the Lope de Vega street where he received visitors to practise fencing and discuss art.

He began publishing articles on Spanish art and in December 1862 Cruzada Villaamil was appointed deputy director of the Museo de la Trinidad.  He wrote the first catalog raisonné of that institution and sorted the collection by region of origin. He contributed new biographical information on the artist Velázquez, but also of Rubens' stays at the Spanish court in 1603 and 1628–1629, and of Goya's work as a painter of cartoons for tapestries.

Villaamil died in Madrid.
Siphonops annulatus
Siphonops annulatus, the ringed caecilian, is a species of caecilian in the family Siphonopidae endemic to South America. It may have the broadest known distribution of any terrestrial caecilian species.

Siphonopidae
The Siphonopidae are the family of common caecilians.  They are found in Central and South America.  Like other caecilians, they superficially resemble worms or snakes.

They are the sister group to Dermophiidae, also of South America. Siphonopids are oviparous caecilians, meaning they lay eggs. They have imperforated stapes and no inner mandibular teeth. Like species of some other caecilian families, their skulls have relatively few bones, with those present being fused to form a solid ram to aid in burrowing through the soil. The mouth is recessed beneath the snout, and there is no tail.
Robert S. Lewis
Robert Steele Lewis (August 15, 1856 – May 23, 1956) was a North Dakota Republican Party politician who served as the seventh lieutenant governor of North Dakota under Governor John Burke.  Lewis also served in the North Dakota Senate from 1901 to 1905.

Lieutenant Governor of North Dakota
The lieutenant governor of North Dakota is a political office in North Dakota. The lieutenant governor's duty is to preside as President of the Senate, and is responsible for legislative relations, the state budget and agribusiness development. In the event the office of the governor becomes vacant, the lieutenant governor assumes that office and appoints a replacement lieutenant.

The current lieutenant governor is Michelle Strinden.

Before 1974, the lieutenant governor of North Dakota was elected separately from the governor. To avoid hostile relations between a lieutenant governor and governor from different parties, the process was changed to where the governor and lieutenant governor are elected together on a joint ballot and are of the same party.
William Huntington Russell
William Huntington Russell (12 August 1809 – 19 May 1885) was an American businessman, educator, and politician. Notably, he was a co-founder of the Yale University secret society Skull and Bones, along with Alphonso Taft.: 82

Yale School of Medicine
The Yale School of Medicine is the medical school of Yale University, a private Ivy League research university in New Haven, Connecticut. It was founded in 1810 as the Medical Institution of Yale College and formally opened in 1813. It is the sixth-oldest medical school in the United States.

The school’s faculty clinical practice is Yale Medicine. Yale School of Medicine has a strong affiliation with its primary teaching hospital, Yale New Haven Hospital and the Yale New Haven Health System. The school is home to the Harvey Cushing/John Hay Whitney Medical Library, which is one of the country’s largest modern medical libraries and is known for its historical collections.

For the class of 2028, the school received 5,669 applications to fill 104 seats in the MD Program. This puts the acceptance rate at about 1.6%. The median GPA for the class was 3.94, and the median MCAT score was 521.
RSN Stadium
RSN Stadium, currently known as the Smart RSN Stadium for sponsorship reasons, is a football stadium in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, and the home of Cambodian Premier League club Phnom Penh Crown. The all-seater Smart RSN Stadium is named after the club late owner, Rithy Samnang. The stadium was opened with the RSN Youth Cup in June 2015 with a 4-team international tournament including Malaysia's Frenz United and Chonburi and Muangthong United from Thailand. All proceeds from the tournament were given to the Kantha Bopha Children's Hospital. The stadium hosted 2023 SEA Games Women's football events.

Phnom Penh Crown FC
Phnom Penh Crown Football Club (Khmer: ក្លឹបបាល់ទាត់ភ្នំពេញក្រោន), commonly referred to as Crown or PPC, is a Cambodian professional football club based in Sangkat Toul Sangke II, Khan Russey Keo, Phnom Penh. The club competes in the Cambodian Premier League, the top flight of Cambodian football.

Nicknamed the "Red Singha", the club was first formed as Smart United Football Club in 2001. Phnom Penh Crown is one of the most successful and prominent teams in Cambodia, having won a recorded eight league titles, the most of any team in Cambodian football. Alongside league success, Phnom Penh Crown also continued to win domestic cups, winning the Hun Sen Cup, Cambodian League Cup and the Cambodian Super Cup each twice. Phnom Penh Crown is also the only Cambodian club to reach the group stage and semi-finals of the AFC Cup. Its women's section plays in the Cambodian Women's League and took part in the AFC Women's Champions League.
Rural Municipality of Torch River No. 488
The Rural Municipality of Torch River No. 488 (2016 population: 1,471) is a rural municipality (RM) in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within Census Division No. 14 and SARM Division No. 4. Located in the northeast-central portion of the province, it is north of the Town of Nipawin.

Choiceland
Choiceland is a town in Saskatchewan, Canada. Choiceland is located 100km East of Prince Albert, a larger Saskatchewan city.

Choiceland is home to William Mason Public School, which offers schooling for grades kindergarten through 12.

The Torch River Railway is based in Choiceland.
Surtout de table
A surtout de table is an ornamental centrepiece displayed on a formal dining table, "a large centerpiece with mirrored plateaus and numerous candelabra and other possible display pieces on top". In French surtout de table is the usual term for any type of centrepiece, but in English this "tray" type, along with the objects placed on it, is the usual meaning.

Evolving from a simple plate or bowl on which to stand candlesticks and condiments, a surtout de table often took the form of a long galleried tray made of precious or gilded metals, on which a series of other objects were placed for display.  It was often made in sections allowing its length to be determined by the leaves added to the table. During the later half of the 18th century and throughout the 19th century, no formal table was considered compete without one. Today, they are still seen and used in the most formal dining rooms.

Sugar sculpture
Sugar sculpture is the art of producing artistic centerpieces entirely composed of sugar and sugar derivatives.  These were very popular at grand feasts from the Renaissance until at least the 18th century, and sometimes made by famous artists. Sugar was very expensive by modern standards, and sculptures in it a form of conspicuous consumption, reflecting wealth.  Today, there are many competitions that include sugar sculpture.

Sugar showpieces can be composed of several different types of sugar elements. All begin with cooking sugar, and possibly an acidic agent and/or non-sucrose sugar product to avoid unwanted crystallization, to the hard crack stage, around 300 °F (149 °C).

When all components are completed, they are welded together using a gas torch. The sugar is melted, and then joined together.
Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation
The Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation (CPRI) is a University of Kentucky-based research center established by the University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy in 2012 to facilitate academic translational research and drug discovery/drug development. The UK CPRI specializes in natural product-based drug discovery from microbes found within unique environments including underground and surface coal mines, acid mine drainage and mine reclamation sites, thermal vents associated with underground coal mine fires (see coal seam fire) and deep-well drilling for carbon sequestration. CPRI also provides core support for medicinal chemistry, assay development and screening, rational drug design, computational chemistry, and ADMET. The Center collaborates with investigators focused on drug discovery or development research in the areas of cancer, drug and alcohol addiction, cardiovascular disease, infectious disease, regenerative medicine and neurodegenerative disease.

Drug development
Drug development is the process of bringing a new pharmaceutical drug to the market once a lead compound has been identified through the process of drug discovery. It includes preclinical research on microorganisms and animals, filing for regulatory status, such as via the United States Food and Drug Administration for an investigational new drug to initiate clinical trials on humans, and may include the step of obtaining regulatory approval with a new drug application to market the drug. The entire process—from concept through preclinical testing in the laboratory to clinical trial development, including Phase I–III trials—to approved vaccine or drug typically takes more than a decade.
Miss Indonesia 2018
Miss Indonesia 2018 is the 14th edition of the Miss Indonesia pageant. It was held on 22 February 2018, at MNC Studio, Kebon Jeruk, Jakarta, Indonesia. Miss World 2017, Manushi Chhillar of India, attended the awarding night.

Achintya Holte Nielsen as Miss Indonesia 2017 from West Nusa Tenggara crowned her successor, Alya Nurshabrina from West Java. She represented Indonesia in Miss World 2018.

Miss World 2018
Miss World 2018 was the 68th edition of the Miss World pageant, held at the Sanya City Arena in Sanya, China, on 8 December 2018.

Manushi Chhillar of India crowned Vanessa Ponce of Mexico as her successor at the end of the event. It is the first victory of Mexico in the history of the pageant.
Rishadi Fauzi
Rishadi Fauzi (born 4 July 1990) is an Indonesian professional footballer who plays as a forward  for Liga 2 club Persiba Balikpapan. He also plays for Indonesia under-23 team for 2012 AFC Men's Pre-Olympic Tournament.

Madura United F.C.
Madura United Football Club is an Indonesian professional football club. The club is based in Pamekasan, Madura, East Java. They currently play in the Super League.

The current form of the club was established on 10 January 2016; the team's lineage began as Pelita Jaya in 1986, under which it won three Galatama titles in 1988-89, 1990, and 1993-94 before changing names, homebases, and ownership several times.
The Abbess of Crewe
The Abbess of Crewe is a novella published in 1974 by Muriel Spark. It is centred on a Catholic convent in Crewe and the political intrigues surrounding the election of a new abbess, after the death of the former. It exhibits Spark's typical style of crossing seamlessly between temporal points in the narrative. Michael Lindsay-Hogg adapted the novel into his film Nasty Habits, released in 1977. This book is considered an allegorical treatment of the Watergate scandal.

Crewe
Crewe (/kruː/ ⓘ) is a railway town and civil parish in the unitary authority of Cheshire East, in Cheshire, England. At the 2021 census, the parish had a population of 55,318 and the built-up area had 76,437. The town is best known as a large railway junction and home to Crewe Works; for many years, it was a major railway engineering facility for manufacturing and overhauling locomotives, but is now much reduced in size. From 1946 until 2002, it was also the home of Rolls-Royce motor car production. The Pyms Lane factory on the west of the town now exclusively produces Bentley motor cars. Crewe is 158 miles (254 km) north-west of London, 28 miles (45 km) south of Manchester city centre and 31 miles (50 km) south-east of Liverpool city centre.
32nd New York State Legislature
The 32nd New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from November 1, 1808, to March 30, 1809, during the second year of Daniel D. Tompkins's governorship, in Albany.

Chenango County, New York
Chenango County is a county located in the south-central section of the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 47,220. Its county seat is Norwich. The county's name originates from an Oneida word meaning 'large bull-thistle'. The county is part of the Southern Tier region of the state.
2021 Internationaux de Strasbourg
The 2021 Internationaux de Strasbourg was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Strasbourg, France. It was the 35th edition of the tournament and part of the WTA 250 tournaments of the 2021 WTA Tour. It took place at the Tennis Club de Strasbourg between 23 and 29 May 2021.

Internationaux de Strasbourg
The Internationaux de Strasbourg (formally known as the Strasbourg Grand Prix) is a professional women's tennis tournament held in Strasbourg, France. The tournament has been organized in May since its inception in 1987 and serves as a warm-up event to the French Open which is played a week later.

The tournament was played at the Hautepierre before moving to the Strasbourg’s Tennis Club in 2011.

Past champions of the tournament include former world number ones Steffi Graf (singles), Jennifer Capriati (singles), Lindsay Davenport (two singles, one doubles), Maria Sharapova (singles), Angelique Kerber (singles), Martina Navratilova (doubles), and Ashleigh Barty (two doubles).
Irish Red Cross Society
The Irish Red Cross Society (IRCS; also Irish Red Cross or IRC; Irish: Crois Dhearg na hÉireann) is the National Red Cross Society for the Republic of Ireland. (Northern Ireland comes under the aegis of the British Red Cross.) The society was formally established on 6 July 1939 under the Red Cross Act 1938. It is affiliated to the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. The society is organised on a voluntary basis. In Ireland, its activities include mountain rescue, first aid education of the public, the provision of first aid and ambulance services at public events, as well as other community services for older people, carers, migrants and prisoners. Outside Ireland, the society provides relief and humanitarian services in response to natural disasters and in regions of conflict.

British Red Cross
The British Red Cross Society (Welsh: Y Groes Goch Brydeinig) is the United Kingdom body of the worldwide neutral and impartial humanitarian network the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. The society was formed in 1870, and is a registered charity with 10,500 volunteers and 3,500 staff. At the heart of their work is providing help to people in crisis, both in the UK and overseas. The Red Cross is committed to helping people without discrimination, regardless of their ethnic origin, nationality, political beliefs or religion. Queen Elizabeth II was the patron of the society until her death in 2022, and was replaced by her successor King Charles III, who previously served as president between 2003 and 2024.

In the year ending December 2023, the charity's income was £331 million, which included £32M from government contracts and £34M from government grants. Total expenditure was £323M, of which £246M (76%) of its income delivering its charitable activities.
Minor loop feedback
Minor loop feedback is a classical method used to design stable robust linear feedback control systems using feedback loops around sub-systems within the overall feedback loop. The method is sometimes called minor loop synthesis in college textbooks, some government documents.

The method is suitable for design by graphical methods and was used before digital computers became available. In World War 2 this method was used to design gun laying control systems. It is still used now, but not always referred to by name. It is often discussed within the context of Bode plot methods.  Minor loop feedback can be used to stabilize opamps.

Feedback
Feedback occurs when outputs of a system are routed back as inputs as part of a chain of cause and effect that forms a circuit or loop. The system can then be said to feed back into itself. The notion of cause-and-effect has to be handled carefully when applied to feedback systems:

Simple causal reasoning about a feedback system is difficult because the first system influences the second and second system influences the first, leading to a circular argument. This makes reasoning based upon cause and effect tricky, and it is necessary to analyze the system as a whole. As provided by Webster, feedback in business is the transmission of evaluative or corrective information about an action, event, or process to the original or controlling source.
Eina Municipality
Eina is a former municipality in the old Oppland county, Norway. The 104.5-square-kilometre (40.3 sq mi) municipality existed from 1908 until its dissolution in 1964. The area is now part of Vestre Toten Municipality in the traditional district of Toten. The administrative centre was the village of Eina.

Prior to its dissolution in 1964, the 104.5-square-kilometre (40.3 sq mi) municipality was the 510th largest by area out of the 689 municipalities in Norway. Eina Municipality was the 516th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of about 1,611. The municipality's population density was 15.4 inhabitants per square kilometre (40/sq mi) and its population had increased by 1.6% over the previous 10-year period.

Prestegjeld
A prestegjeld was a geographic and administrative area within the Church of Norway (Den Norske Kirke) roughly equivalent to a parish. This traditional designation was in use for centuries to divide the kingdom into ecclesiastical areas that were led by a parish priest. Prestegjelds began in the 1400s and were officially discontinued in 2012.
Field hockey at the 2018 African Youth Games
The hockey5s event at the 2018 African Youth Games in Algiers was held at the Stade Ferhani from 19 to 26 July 2018. The tournament served as a direct qualifier for the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics, with the winner and runner-up qualifying.

Field hockey at the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics
Field Hockey at the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics was held from 7 to 14 October. The events took place at the Parque Polideportivo Roca in Buenos Aires, Argentina. For the second Youth Olympics in a row, the format for this event was Hockey 5s, a 5-a-side tournament that is played on a smaller field size.
Legio II Herculia
Legio II Herculia (devoted to Hercules) was a Roman legion, levied by Emperor Diocletian (284–305), possibly together with I Iovia, to guard the newly created province of Scythia Minor. It was stationed at Capidava. The cognomen of this legion came from Herculius, the attribute of Maximian (Diocletian's colleague) meaning "similar to Hercules".

According to Notitia Dignitatum, at the beginning of the 5th-century, II Herculia was still in its camp on the Danube.

Roman legion
The Roman legion (Latin: legiō, Latin: [ˈɫɛɡioː]) was the largest military unit of the Roman army, composed of Roman citizens serving as legionaries. During the Roman Republic the manipular legion comprised 4,200 infantry and 300 cavalry. In late Republican times the legions were formed of 5,200 men and were restructured around 10 cohorts, the first cohort being double strength. This structure persisted throughout the Principate and middle Empire, before further changes in the fourth century resulted in new formations of around 1,000 men.
Fannie (pilot boat)
The Fannie was a 19th-century Sandy Hook pilot boat built in 1860 by Edward F. Williams at his shipyard in Greenpoint, Brooklyn for New York City pilots. She was in the pilot service during the American Civil War. In an age of steam, she was sold in 1896.

Pilot boat
A pilot boat is a type of boat used to transport maritime pilots between land and the inbound or outbound ships that they are piloting. Pilot boats were once sailing boats that had to be fast because the first pilot to reach the incoming ship got the business. Today, pilot boats are scheduled by telephoning the ship agents/representatives prior to arrival.