hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
James Pratt and John Smith
James Pratt (1805–1835), also known as John Pratt, and John Smith (1795–1835) were two British men who, in November 1835, became the last people to be executed for sodomy in England. Pratt and Smith were arrested in August of that year after allegedly having "carnal knowledge" of each other in a room rented by another man, William Bonill. Bonill was not present when this took place, but was nevertheless convicted of being an accessory and was transported to Australia, where he died.

Some modern human rights activists have cast doubt on the facts and legality of the convictions. In January 2017, Pratt and Smith were among those who were posthumously pardoned by the Alan Turing law which pardoned those who had been convicted of same-sex carnal offences which no longer exist in the UK.

Carnal knowledge
Carnal knowledge is an archaic or legal euphemism for sexual intercourse. In modern statutes, the term "sexual penetration" is widely used, though with various definitions.

The term derives from carnal, meaning "of the flesh", and the Biblical usage of the verb know/knew, a euphemism for sexual conduct.
Archery at the 2022 Asian Games – Women's individual compound
The women's individual compound archery competition at the 2022 Asian Games was held from 1 to 7 October 2023 at Fuyang Yinhu Sports Centre.

A total of 51 archers participated in the ranking round. Only the top two archers from each country were allowed to progress to the knockout stage.

2022 Asian Games
The 2022 Asian Games (2022年亚洲运动会), officially the 19th Asian Games (第十九届亚洲运动会) and also known as Hangzhou 2022 (杭州2022), were a continental multi-sport event which was held from 23 September to 8 October 2023 in Hangzhou, China. The games marked the 110th anniversary since the creation of the first continental event, starting with the 1913 Far Eastern Championship Games.

Originally scheduled to take place from 10 to 25 September 2022, on 6 May 2022 the Games were postponed to 2023 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The new dates were announced on 19 July 2022, with the Games remaining branded as Hangzhou 2022. Hangzhou was the third Chinese city to host the Asian Games, after Beijing in 1990 and Guangzhou in 2010.
2017 China International Suzhou – Doubles
Mikhail Elgin and Alexander Kudryavtsev were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Gao Xin and Sun Fajing won the title after defeating Gong Maoxin and Zhang Ze 7–6(7–5), 4–6, [10–7] in the final.

Mikhail Elgin
Mikhail Nikolayevich Elgin (Russian: Михаил Николаевич Елгин, romanized: Mikhail Nikolayevich Yelgin, IPA: [mʲɪxɐˈil jɪlˈɡʲin]; born 14 October 1981) is a Russian professional tennis player.

Elgin became famous when he advanced to the quarter–finals in singles at the 2008 St. Petersburg Open, where he lost to Victor Hănescu from Romania 1–6, 4–6.
Western Express Highway
The Western Express Highway, abbreviated to WEH (officially Ali Yavar Jung Marg, after the former Governor of Maharashtra), is a major north–south 8-10 lane arterial road in Mumbai, India, stretching from the suburb of Mira Road to Bandra. The 25.33 km (15.74 mi) highway begins near the Mahim Creek and extends to the Kashimira, in the northern limit of the city, till it connects to the National Highway 48 at Ghodbunder village. The road connects the city of Mumbai to its suburbs, including the Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport.

Mahim Creek
Mahim Creek (locally known as Bandra chi Khadi) is a creek in Bombay (Mumbai), India. The Mithi River drains into the creek which drains into the Mahim Bay. The creek forms the boundary between the Bombay City and suburbs. The creek is swamped by mangroves and has a mini-ecosystem within it.

It now has the Bandra Kurla Complex with corporate offices on both its sides.

The depth of the creek is 15 feet (4.6 m)

The waters of the creek are foul smelling due to the dumping of untreated industrial effluents further upstream. In recent years, the mushrooming of slums around the waters have caused concern for the mangrove ecosystem, vital to the ecosystem of Mumbai. A lot of encroachments have taken place and the newspaper, The Times of India has exposed them with a series of articles in 2021.

In 2006, it was the site of mass hysteria as thousands claimed its waters had turned "sweet."
David Thomas Fleming
David Thomas Fleming (1861–1938) was a member of the New Zealand Legislative Council from 7 May 1918 to 6 May 1925; then 7 May 1925 to 6 May 1932, when his term ended. He was appointed by the Reform Government.

He was from Balclutha.

Balclutha, New Zealand
Balclutha (Māori: Iwikatea) is a town in South Otago, lying towards the end of the Clutha River, on the east coast of the South Island of New Zealand. It is about halfway between Dunedin and Gore on the Main South Line railway, State Highway 1 and the Southern Scenic Route. Balclutha has a population of 4,460 (as of June 2025), and is the largest town in South Otago.

The Clutha District Council is based in Balclutha.

The major service centre for the fertile farming region around the lower reaches of the Clutha River, it is also the nearest large town to the Catlins, a scenic region of native forest, wildlife, and rugged coastline.
Sangharsh Yoddha Manoj Jarange Patil
Sangharsh Yoddha Manoj Jarange Patil (transl. The Struggle Warrior Manoj Jarange Patil) is a 2024 Indian Marathi-language biographical film on the life of Manoj Jarange Patil, a prominent activist for Maratha quota rights. The film is directed by Shivaji Doltade and produced by Govardhan Doltade under Sonai Films Creation, the film features Rohan Patil in the titular role. The cast includes Gayathri Jadhav, Mohan Joshi, Sandeep Pathak, Suresh Vishwakarma, Sagar Karande, Shubhangi Latkar, Shrinivas Pokale.

The filming took place in Jarange's village Antarwali Sarathi, Jalna and Mumbai. The film was theatrically released on 14 June 2024 throughout Maharashtra. The film is underperforming at the box office grossed over ₹62 lakh (US$73,000) in eleven days.

On 18 June 2024, during a press conference at Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar, the team declared that the entire profit from the film would be allocated to the Maratha community.

Jalna, Maharashtra
Jalna pronunciationⓘ is a city in Jalna district, in the Aurangabad Division, or Marathwada region, of the Indian state of Maharashtra. It was part of Hyderabad State as a tehsil of Aurangabad district, before Jalna district was formed effective 1 May 1981. Jalna became Maharashtra's 29th Municipal Corporation.
Malcom Glenn
Malcom Glenn (born February 6, 1987, in Denver, Colorado) is an American writer and speaker and was The President of Harvard Crimson, the daily student newspaper of Harvard University, in 2008. He made national news as the first African American president of The Crimson in over a half-century.

Upon his election in November 2007, Glenn was featured in numerous publications, including The Denver Post, Essence Magazine, and The New York Observer. His term as president ended at the conclusion of Harvard's fall semester in January 2009.

Essence (magazine)
Essence (stylized in all caps) is an American monthly lifestyle magazine covering fashion, beauty, entertainment, and culture. First published in 1970, the magazine is written for African-American women.
Aubing-Lochhausen-Langwied
Aubing-Lochhausen-Langwied (German pronunciation: [ˈaʊbɪŋ lɔxˈhaʊzn̩ ˈlaŋviːt]; Central Bavarian: Aubing-Lochhausn-Langwied) is the 22nd borough of the German city of Munich. The districts Aubing, Lochhausen and Langwied were incorporated together in 1942, thus forming the largest borough of the city at 34,06 km², yet having the lowest density of population with 37,352 residents as of 2002. This large borough still accommodates many vast agricultural and forest areas that together with the Aubinger Lohe and the Langwieder lake district, fulfill the balance of nature in the area and offer recreational facilities to all of western Munich.

A large area between Aubing/Neuaubing and Germering on Munich ground of the Freiham district, east of Gut Freiham is currently under development.

Central Bavarian
Central or Middle Bavarian form a subgroup of Bavarian dialects in large parts of Austria and the Free State of Bavaria along the Danube river, on the northern side of the Eastern Alps. They are spoken in the 'Old Bavarian' regions of Upper Bavaria (with Munich), Lower Bavaria and in the adjacent parts of the Upper Palatinate region around Regensburg, in Upper and Lower Austria, in Vienna (see Viennese German), in the state of Salzburg, as well as in the northern and eastern parts of Styria and Burgenland. Before 1945 and the expulsions of the Germans, it was also spoken in Hungary and southern Bohemia and Moravia.
It also influenced Austrian German.
Endolymphatic duct
In anatomy, the endolymphatic sac is a structure in the inner ear. It is a canal that comes out of the posterior wall of the saccule, then is joined by the utriculosaccular duct, and then passes along the vestibular aqueduct, before it ends up at the endolymphatic sac on the posterior surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone, where it is in contact with the dura mater.

Disorders of the endolymphatic duct include Meniere's Disease and enlarged vestibular aqueduct.

Petrous part of the temporal bone
The petrous part of the temporal bone is pyramid-shaped and is wedged in at the base of the skull between the sphenoid and occipital bones. Directed medially, forward, and a little upward, it presents a base, an apex, three surfaces, and three angles, and houses in its interior the components of the inner ear. The petrous portion is among the most basal elements of the skull and forms part of the endocranium. Petrous comes from the Latin word petrosus, meaning "stone-like, hard". It is one of the densest bones in the body. In other mammals, it is a separate bone, the petrosal bone.

The petrous bone is important for studies of ancient DNA from skeletal remains, as it tends to contain extremely well-preserved DNA.
1982 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election
Elections to the United Kingdom Labour Party's Shadow Cabinet (more formally, its "Parliamentary Committee") took place on 18 November 1982. In addition to the 15 members elected, the Leader (Michael Foot), Deputy Leader (Denis Healey), Labour Chief Whip (Michael Cocks), Labour Leader in the House of Lords (Lord Cledwyn of Penrhos), and Chairman of the Parliamentary Labour Party (Jack Dormand) were automatically members.

All 15 members elected the previous year were retained. The value of being the top loser dropped as by-elections would be held for future vacancies under a change in the Parliamentary Labour Party's rules. The results for 20 of the 40 candidates are listed below:

Cledwyn Hughes, Baron Cledwyn of Penrhos
Cledwyn Hughes, Baron Cledwyn of Penrhos, CH, PC (14 September 1916 – 22 February 2001) was a Welsh Labour Party politician, usually associated with the moderate wing of the party. He was also regarded, particularly in later years, as a non-political figure of stature in Wales having held posts of importance in bodies such as the University of Wales.
Eichler
Eichler is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

August W. Eichler (1839–1887), German botanist

Caroline Eichler (1808/9–1843), German inventor, first woman to be awarded a patent (for her leg prosthesis)

Eunice Eichler (1932–2017), New Zealand Salvation Army officer, nurse, midwife and open adoption advocate

Glenn Eichler (born c. 1956), American TV comedy writer

Jeremy Eichler (born 1974), American music critic

Joseph Eichler (1900–1974), American residential real estate developer

Martin Eichler (1912–1992), German mathematician

Ralph Eichler (born 1950), Canadian politician

Willi Eichler (1896–1971), German politician

Yisrael Eichler (born 1955), Israeli politician

Eichler can also refer to:

Eichler system, an early system of plant taxonomy

an Eichler home, a primarily California-based style of midcentury architecture created by Joseph Eichler

Jeremy Eichler
Jeremy Eichler (born August 13, 1974) is an American music critic and cultural historian. He teaches at Tufts University, and from 2006 to 2024 he was the chief classical music critic of The Boston Globe.

Eichler’s book Time’s Echo: Music, Memory, and the Second World War (2023) has garnered wide recognition. Named “History Book of the Year” by the Sunday Times, it also received the Ralph Waldo Emerson Prize and three National Jewish Book Awards.
Beaver Dam State Park (Nevada)
Beaver Dam State Park is a public recreation area encompassing more than 2,000 acres (810 ha) along Beaver Dam Wash in Lincoln County, Nevada. The state park is on the Nevada/Utah state line about 25 miles (40 km) east of the town of Caliente.

37th meridian west from Washington
The 37th meridian west from Washington is an archaic meridian based on the Washington meridian. It is currently located at approximately 114 degrees, 3 minutes west of the Greenwich meridian. The meridian is used as a boundary for two states.
Alien (Alien album)
Alien is the debut album by Swedish rock band Alien. It was released in 1988 by Virgin Records. The album peaked at #2 in Sweden.

They reached number one in Sweden with their cover of the Marbles' 'Only One Woman'.

The Marbles (duo)
The Marbles were an English rock duo that consisted of Graham Bonnet and Trevor Gordon, who operated between 1968 and 1969. Their only well-known singles were "Only One Woman" and "The Walls Fell Down". They also became associated with the Bee Gees members Barry, Robin and Maurice Gibb at that time.

"Only One Woman" reached number 5 in the UK Singles Chart in November 1968. 
The duo disbanded in 1969. Shortly after their split, in 1970, they released their only self-titled album.
Badarwas railway station
Badarwas railway station is a railway station on Indore–Gwalior line under the Bhopal railway division of West Central Railway zone. This is situated beside National Highway 3 at Badarwas in Shivpuri district of the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh.

National Highway 3 (India, old numbering)
National Highway 3 (old number), or Old national NH 3, commonly referred to as the Agra–Mumbai Road or just Agra Road in Mumbai, was a major Indian National Highway that ran through the states of Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra in India. The national highway still exists but its various segments have been assigned new numbers as stated in the following section.

National Highway 3A was a branch highway between Bharatpur and terminated at Dholpur, Rajasthan.
Stathis Mantalozis
Stathis Mantalozis (1 January 1928 – 2 November 1993) was a Greek footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He made ten appearances for the Greece national team from 1953 to 1957. He was also part of Greece's team for their qualification matches for the 1954 FIFA World Cup. He played for Ethnikos Piraeus for 16 years.

1954 FIFA World Cup
The 1954 FIFA World Cup was the fifth edition of the FIFA World Cup, the quadrennial international football tournament for senior men's national teams of the nations affiliated to FIFA. It was held in Switzerland from 16 June to 4 July. Switzerland was selected as the host country in July 1946. At the tournament, several all-time records for goalscoring were set, including the highest average number of goals scored per game. The tournament was won by West Germany, who defeated tournament favourites Hungary 3–2 in the final for their first World Cup title. Uruguay, the defending champions, were eliminated by Hungary and would lose to Austria in the match for third place.

The highest scoring match of a men’s World Cup happened in the quarter-finals of this tournament, when Austria defeated hosts Switzerland 7–5. The 12 goals of that match have never been surpassed in a men’s World Cup since — the 2019 Women's World Cup saw the USA beat Thailand 13–0.
Máel Brigte of Perth
Máel Brigte of Perth (fl. 1128) was an important figure in Perth in the reign of King David I of Scotland. He is known only because the Church of the Holy Trinity in Dunfermline preserved written instructions from King David to Máel Brigte informing the latter that he had granted the church a tithe of his house in Perth.

Máel Brigte thus may have been David's stewart in the town, or perhaps even the local toísech. The instruction was given at nearby Scone, and it has been suggested that it was originally in Gaelic. The document calls him "Malbride Mac Congi", which probably means that his father had the name Congus, a rare but attested Scoto-Pictish name.

Toísech
A toísech or toísech clainne was the head of a local kin-group in medieval Scotland. The word, meaning "first" or "leader" in Scottish Gaelic, is first attested in the property records written into the Book of Deer some time between the 1130s and the 1150s.

The toísech held and extracted tribute from specific settlements within the kindred's territory, while other settlements provided tribute to the mormaer or king. The Book of Deer property records describe multiple lands whose tribute was granted to Deer Abbey by the mormaer and the toísech, each granting their respective renders, while one land was given by a lord "who was mormaer and was toiseach". showing that mormaers could themselves also be toiseachs.

The position of the toísech in the Book of Deer closely matches that of the thane given in the Leges inter Brettos et Scottos, a law code from the reign of David I that includes descriptions of the kingdom's social hierarchy, suggesting that the two roles were equivalent.
Abdul Ahmed Ningi
Abdul Ahmed Ningi (born April 20, 1960) was a Deputy Majority Leader  of the Nigerian Senate. A member of People's Democratic Party (PDP), he served as a Senator representing Bauchi central senatorial district from  2011 to 2015. Bauchi Central senatorial zone includes the local government areas of Danbam, Darazo, Ganjuwa, Misau, Ningi, and Warji.

Abdul Ningi served as the House Majority Leader of the Nigerian House of Representatives from 2003 to 2007 and has been a member of the House of Representatives from 1999 to 2011. As Deputy Majority Leader, Abdul Ningi was a principal officer of the Nigerian Senate.

Warji
WarjiListenⓘ is a Local Government Area of Bauchi State, Nigeria. Its headquarters is in the town of Warji.

It has an area of 625 km2 and a population of 114,720 at the 2006 census.

The postal code of the area is 742.
D227 road
D227 is a state road in Međimurje region of Croatia connecting Štrigova to D209 state road in Šenkovec near Čakovec. The northern terminus of the road is located at Banfi border crossing, providing access to Slovenian town of Ljutomer. The road is 19.4 km (12.1 mi) long.
The road, as well as all other state roads in Croatia, is managed and maintained by Hrvatske ceste, state owned company.

Čakovec
Čakovec (Croatian pronunciation: [tʃâkoʋets]; Hungarian: Csáktornya; Latin: Aquama; German: Tschakathurn) is a city in Northern Croatia, located around 90 kilometres (56 miles) north of Zagreb, the Croatian capital, and close to the borders with Slovenia and Hungary. Čakovec is both the county seat and the largest city of Međimurje County, the northernmost, smallest and most densely populated Croatian county. It is situated centrally in the lowland part of the region, along the Trnava river.
Rocky Point Holiday
Rocky Point Holiday is a composition for wind ensemble by Ron Nelson. It was written in 1966 on a summer vacation in Rocky Point, Rhode Island as a commissioned piece for the University of Minnesota band Russian tour. The piece was premiered by the University of Minnesota Concert Band and Dr. Frank Bencriscutto, conductor, at the 14th CBDNA National Conference at University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan in February 1967 and published by Boosey & Hawkes in 1969. The piece was further popularized by the Garfield Cadets as part of their 1983 Drum Corps International championship-winning program.

Concert band
A concert band, also called a wind band, wind ensemble, wind symphony, wind orchestra, symphonic band,  symphonic winds, or symphonic wind ensemble, is a performing ensemble consisting of members of the woodwind, brass, and percussion families of instruments, and occasionally including the piano, double bass, and harp. On rare occasions, additional, non-traditional instruments may be added to such ensembles such as synthesizer, electric guitar, and bass guitar.

Concert band music generally includes original wind compositions, concert marches, transcriptions of orchestral arrangements, light music, and popular music. Though the concert band does have similar instrumentation to the marching band, a marching band's main purpose is to perform while marching. In contrast, a concert band usually performs as a stationary ensemble, though European ensembles often do both.
Frederick Nash Ogden
Frederick Nash Ogden (January 25, 1837 – May 25, 1886) was a Confederate officer and leading white supremacist organizer of New Orleans, Louisiana. He was a major in the 8th Louisiana Heavy Artillery Battalion during the Siege of Vicksburg. He then led the 9th Louisiana Cavalry Regiment, a mounted infantry unit known as Ogden's Cavalry. After the war he became a leading White Leaguer and was involved in the Battle of Liberty Place. He was an unsuccessful candidate to be Democratic nominee for governor of Louisiana in 1884.

He became known as General Fred Ogden and the Louisiana State Museum obtained a dress sword he was presented. It also obtained a few of his papers.

He served as president of the Crescent City White League shortly after its founding.

A bronze relief was made of him by George T. Brewster in 1921 for his role at Vicksburg. His funeral was a major event attended by political leaders. A road in New Orleans was named for him.

White League
The White League, also known as the White Man's League, was a white supremacist paramilitary terrorist organization started in the Southern United States in 1874 to intimidate freedmen (emancipated Black former slaves) into not voting and prevent Republican Party political organizing, while also being supported by regional elements of the Democratic Party. Its first chapter was formed in Grant Parish, Louisiana, and neighboring parishes and was made up of many of the Confederate veterans who had participated in the Colfax massacre in April 1873. Chapters were soon founded in New Orleans and other areas of the state.
Tsuyoshi Ichinohe
Tsuyoshi Ichinohe (一戸 剛, Ichinohe Tsuyoshi; born 9 June 1976) is a Japanese ski jumper.

In the World Cup his highest place in an individual event was number 14 from January 2006 in Sapporo.

He participated in the 2006 Winter Olympics held in Pragelato near Turin, where he finished 25th in the large hill and 6th in the team event.

Pragelato
Pragelato (also Pragelà; Vivaro-Alpine: Prajalats; French: Prajela; Occitan: Prajalatscode: oci promoted to code: oc ) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) west of Turin, in the upper Val Chisone. The name Pragelato, meaning "icy meadow", has been derived from the harsh climate and the fact that the ground is covered with ice for long periods. On both sides of the Chisone, extensive forests of pine and larch provide protection from the avalanches which are a common occurrence in the winter season: for this reason in the nineteenth century the people of Pragelato were only permitted to fell trees close to the mountain summits, and even then only with the permission of the communal administration.

Pragelato borders the following municipalities: Exilles, Oulx, Salbertrand, Usseaux, Fenestrelle, Sauze d'Oulx, Massello, Sestriere, Sauze di Cesana, Salza di Pinerolo, Prali.