hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Paschim Chhatnay Union
Paschim Chhatnay Union (Bengali: পশ্চিম ছাতনাই ইউনিয়ন) is a union parishad situated at Dimla Upazila,  in Nilphamari District, Rangpur Division of Bangladesh. The union has an area of 9.34 square kilometres (3.61 sq mi) and as of 2001 had a population of 25,090. There are 4 villages and 9 mouzas in the union.

Nilphamari District
Nilphamari District (Bengali: নীলফামারী জেলা) is a district in Northern Bangladesh. It is a part of Rangpur Division. It is about 350 kilometers to the northwest of the capital Dhaka. It has an area of 1,580.85 square kilometres (610.37 sq mi). Nilphamari is bounded by Rangpur and Lalmonirhat in east, Rangpur and Dinajpur in south, Dinajpur and Panchagarh in west, Cooch Behar of India in north. The headquarters of the district is in Nilphamari city, which is widely regarded as the industrial city of Northern Bangladesh. Saidpur which is major business center of the district also serves as connecting hub of Rangpur.
Helsinki capital region
The Helsinki capital region (Finnish: pääkaupunkiseutu, Swedish: huvudstadsregion) is the area formed by the cities of Espoo, Helsinki, Kauniainen and Vantaa in Finland. The area is limited around Helsinki, the capital of Finland. The area is located in the southern part of Finland on the shores of the Gulf of Finland and is an important growth centre with a population of 1.3 million.

The municipalities of the capital region have a legal obligation to cooperate in the areas of waste management and public transport, with HSL being responsible for public transport and HSY for waste management and water supply. Municipalities other than the four capital region municipalities may also be members of the association of municipalities. HSL has Kirkkonummi, Kerava, Tuusula, Sipoo from the Helsinki metropolitan area and Siuntio from outside the area, and Kirkkonummi for the waste management of HSY.

Helsinki Regional Transport Authority
The Helsinki Regional Transport Authority (Finnish: Helsingin seudun liikenne, HSL; Swedish: Helsingforsregionens trafik, HRT) is the inter-municipal authority that maintains the public transportation network of the nine municipalities of Greater Helsinki, Finland.

HSL oversees the operation of all of Helsinki's public transportation. The system consists of local buses, trams, metro trains, ferries, commuter trains, and bikeshare.

Apart from four electric buses, HSL does not own rolling stock. Due to this, HSL relies on third-party contractors for the day-to-day operation of the transit system.
Claude Gruffat
Claude Gruffat (born 13 September 1957) is a French politician and entrepreneur who was elected as a Member of the European Parliament in 2019, as an independent candidate on the list of Europe Ecologie Les Verts. He took his seat on 1 February 2020, following Brexit. He was not re-elected in 2024 election.

The Ecologists
The Ecologists – Europe Ecology The Greens (French: Les Écologistes – Europe Écologie Les Verts), commonly known as The Ecologists (French: Les Écologistes, LÉ) and formerly as Europe Ecology The Greens (French: Europe Écologie Les Verts [øʁɔp ekɔlɔʒi le vɛʁ], EELV [ə ɛl ve]) until 2023, is a centre-left to left-wing green political party in France. The party is a member of the European Green Party. It was formed on 13 November 2010 from the merger of The Greens and Europe Ecology.
Great Marlow School
Great Marlow School is a co-educational secondary school in Marlow, Buckinghamshire. It takes children from the age of 11 through to the age of 18 and has approximately 1,260 pupils. In August 2011 the school became an Academy. In 2012/2013 the school underwent a building project to erect a new sports hall, all weather astroturf pitches, new bus parking and a community gym complex. The school   sold a large plot of land at the top of their field to fund this project.

In September 2005 the school was awarded specialist school status as a technology college, by the Department for Education and Skills (DfES).

Pupils who attend the school normally live in the Marlow or the surrounding villages such as Lane End.

Department for Education and Skills (United Kingdom)
The Department for Education and Skills (DfES) was a United Kingdom government department between 2001 and 2007,  responsible for the education system (including higher education and adult learning) as well as children's services in England.

The department was led by Secretary of State for Education and Skills.

The DfES had offices at four main locations: London (both at the Sanctuary Buildings and Caxton House), Sheffield (Moorfoot),  Darlington (Mowden Hall), and Runcorn (Castle View House). The DfES was also represented in regional Government Offices.

The DfES had jurisdiction only in England as education was the responsibility of the Scottish Government, Welsh Assembly Government and the Northern Ireland Assembly.

On 28 June 2007, the DfES was split up into the Department for Children, Schools and Families (DCSF) and the Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills. The DCSF was later reorganised as the Department for Education in 2010.
2019 UEFA European Under-21 Championship qualification Group 7
Group 7 of the 2019 UEFA European Under-21 Championship qualifying competition consisted of six teams: Serbia, Austria, Russia, Macedonia, Armenia and Gibraltar. The composition of the nine groups in the qualifying group stage was decided by the draw held on 26 January 2017, with the teams seeded according to their coefficient ranking.

The group was played in home-and-away round-robin format between 8 June 2017 and 16 October 2018. The group winners qualified directly for the final tournament, while the runners-up advanced to the play-offs if they were one of the four best runners-up among all nine groups (not counting results against the sixth-placed team).

Serbia national under-21 football team
The Serbia national under-21 football team is the national under-21 football team of Serbia and is controlled by the Football Association of Serbia. Both FIFA and UEFA consider the Serbia national team to be the direct and sole successor of the Yugoslavia under-21 and Serbia and Montenegro under-21 national teams.
Cold spraying
Gas dynamic cold spraying or cold spraying (CS) is a coating deposition method. Solid powders (1 to 50 micrometers in diameter) are accelerated in a supersonic gas jet to velocities up to ca. 1200 m/s. During impact with the substrate, particles undergo plastic deformation and adhere to the surface. To achieve a uniform thickness the spraying nozzle is scanned along the substrate. Metals, polymers, ceramics, composite materials and nanocrystalline powders can be deposited using cold spraying. The kinetic energy of the particles, supplied by the expansion of the gas, is converted to plastic deformation energy during bonding. Unlike thermal spraying techniques, e.g., plasma spraying, arc spraying, flame spraying, or high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF), the powders are not melted during the spraying process.

Nanocrystalline material
A nanocrystalline (NC) material is a polycrystalline material with a crystallite size of only a few nanometers. These materials fill the gap between amorphous materials without any long range order and conventional coarse-grained materials. Definitions vary, but nanocrystalline material is commonly defined as a crystallite (grain) size below 100 nm. Grain sizes from 100 to 500 nm are typically considered "ultrafine" grains.

The grain size of a NC sample can be estimated using x-ray diffraction. In materials with very small grain sizes, the diffraction peaks will be broadened. This broadening can be related to a crystallite size using the Scherrer equation (applicable up to ~50 nm), a Williamson-Hall plot, or more sophisticated methods such as the Warren-Averbach method or computer modeling of the diffraction pattern. The crystallite size can be measured directly using transmission electron microscopy.
Hanshin Industrial Region
The Hanshin Industrial Region (阪神工業地帯, Hanshin Kōgyō Chitai) is one of the largest industrial regions in Japan. Its name comes from the on-reading of the kanji used to abbreviate the names of Osaka (大阪) and Kobe (神戸), the two largest cities in the megalopolis. The GDP of this area (Osaka and Kobe) is $341 billion, one of the world's most productive regions.
2014 Osaka and Kobe's GDP per capita (PPP) was US$35,902.

On'yomi
On'yomi (Japanese: 音読み; [oɰ̃.jo.mi], lit. 'sound reading') or ondoku (音読; [on.do.kɯ]) is a way of homophonically reading kanji (Chinese characters) in Japanese. The on (音; [oɴ], lit. 'sounds') here are the approximated pronunciations, using Japanese consonants and vowels, of historical Chinese words. In contrast, the "readings" acquired from the translations of those same Chinese words into Japanese are known as kun'yomi.

A single kanji might have multiple on'yomi pronunciations, reflecting the Chinese pronunciations from different time periods or regions. On'yomi pronunciations are generally classified into go-on, kan-on, tō-on and kan'yō-on, roughly based on when they were borrowed from Chinese during the peaks of the Sinosphere.

Generally, on'yomi pronunciations are used for technical, compound words, which were mostly foreign loanwords from Ancient China; while the native kun'yomi pronunciation is used for singular, simpler words.
Howe & Co
Howe & Co Solicitors is a firm of human rights solicitors based in Brentford, London, England.  The firm has in excess of 100 staff, and specialises in human rights cases, employment law, defamation, civil litigation, public law and personal injury litigation (including medical negligence).

Brentford
Brentford is a suburban town in West London, England and part of the London Borough of Hounslow. It lies at the confluence of the River Brent and the Thames, 8 miles (13 km) west of Charing Cross.

Its economy has diverse company headquarters buildings which mark the start of the M4 corridor; in transport it also has two railway stations and Boston Manor Underground station on its northwest border with Hanwell. Brentford has a convenience shopping and dining venue grid of streets at its centre. Brentford at the start of the 21st century attracted regeneration of its little-used warehouse premises and docks including the remodelling of the waterfront to provide more economically active shops, townhouses and apartments, some of which comprise Brentford Dock.

A 19th- and 20th-century mixed social and private housing locality, New Brentford is contiguous with the Osterley neighbourhood of Isleworth and Syon Park and the Great West Road which has most of the largest business premises.
The Girl with a Patron
The Girl with a Patron (German: Das Mädchen mit der Protektion) is a 1925 German silent comedy film directed by Max Mack and starring Ossi Oswalda, Willy Fritsch, and Nora Gregor. It was shot at the Babelsberg Studios in Berlin. It was one of a number of popular comedies released by UFA during the era alongside its more prestigious art films.

Ossi Oswalda
Ossi Oswalda (born Oswalda Amalie Anna Stäglich, 2 February 1898 – 7 March 1947) was a German actress, who mostly appeared in silent films, many of which were early films of German filmmaker Ernst Lubitsch. Her characters were often eccentric, spoiled, and child-like. Oswalda was given the nickname 'The German Mary Pickford' due to her popularity at the time.
Kusada
Kusada is a Local Government Area in Katsina State, Nigeria. Its headquarters is located in the town of Kusada.

The major ethnic groups are Hausa and Fulani.

Its major Villages include: Kafarda, Dudunni, Dangamau, Yashe, Mawashi, Kofa, Kaikai. The people of Kusada local government are mostly farmers and herdsmen.

Both government boarding and day Secondary and Primary Schools, are located in the town and some major villages in the local government. The local government is also characterized with government residential areas, mosques, good township roads and well named and numbered streets.

It has an area of 390 km2 and a population of 199,267 at the 2006 census.

The postal code of the area is 833.

Postal code
A postal code (also known locally in various English-speaking countries throughout the world as a postcode, post code, PIN or ZIP Code) is a series of letters or digits or both, sometimes including spaces or punctuation, included in a postal address for the purpose of sorting mail.

As of August 2021, the Universal Postal Union lists 160 countries which require the use of a postal code.

Although postal codes are usually assigned to geographical areas, special codes are sometimes assigned to individual addresses or to institutions that receive large volumes of mail, such as government agencies and large commercial companies. One example is the French CEDEX system.
Valentin Bobryshev
Valentin Sergeyevich Bobryshev (Russian: Валентин Сергеевич Бобрышев; 5 March 1945 – 30 November 2022) was a Soviet and later Russian Army officer. He commanded the Leningrad Military District from 1997 to 2005, having reached the rank of General of the Army in 2003.

Army general (Russia)
Army general (Russian: Генера́л а́рмии, romanized: Generál ármii) is the second highest military rank in Russia, subordinate only to a marshal and superior to a colonel general. It is a direct counterpart of the Soviet Army General rank.

At present it is also the highest rank in the air force, artillery, aerospace defense forces, armored troops, engineer troops and signal troops, unlike the Soviet Union where similarly ranked officers were called marshals and chief marshals of a branch. The corresponding naval rank is admiral of the fleet.

On appointment as Defence Minister on 7 May 1992, Pavel Grachev was the first officer to be promoted to this rank. Vladimir Yakovlev was promoted to this grade while serving as commander of the Strategic Missile Forces (1997–2001).
Jim's Steak and Spaghetti House
Jim's Steak and Spaghetti House is a restaurant located in the Central Huntington Garage in Huntington, West Virginia, United States. In 2019, the business was named one of "America's Classics" by the James Beard Foundation Awards.

James Beard Foundation Award
The James Beard Foundation Awards are annual awards presented by the James Beard Foundation to recognize chefs, restaurateurs, authors and journalists in the United States. The James Beard Foundation Awards have been likened to the Academy Awards of the food world due to its prestige and recognition.

The awards are voted on by more than 600 culinary professionals, including previous award winners. Recipients receive a medallion etched with the image of James Beard and a certificate from the foundation.
Jeeva (1988 film)
Jeeva is a 1988 Indian Tamil-language action film, directed by Pratap Pothen, starring Sathyaraj and Amala. Amala created a sensation by appearing in a bikini onscreen. The film was remade in Hindi as Baaz (1992).

Amala Akkineni
Amala Akkineni (born 12 September 1967) is an Indian actress, Bharatanatyam dancer, and activist. She has predominantly worked in Tamil films, in addition to Telugu, Hindi, Malayalam, and Kannada-language films. She was a leading actress in the Tamil film industry from 1986 to 1992 and has appeared in many blockbusters in Tamil and other languages. She has won two Filmfare Awards South, namely Best Actress – Malayalam for the 1991 film Ulladakkam and Best Supporting Actress – Telugu for the 2012 film Life Is Beautiful. Amala is the co-founder of Blue Cross of Hyderabad, a non-government organisation (NGO) in Hyderabad, India, which works towards the welfare of animals and preservation of animal rights in India.
Forăști
Forăști is a commune located in Suceava County, Western Moldavia, northeastern Romania. It is composed of nine villages: Antoceni, Boura, Forăști, Manolea, Oniceni, Roșiori, Ruși, Țolești, and Uidești.

The commune is located at the southeastern extremity of Suceava County, 46 km (29 mi) south of the county seat, Suceava, on the border with Neamț and Iași counties. Its neighbors are the following communes: Preutești to the north; Drăgușeni to the south; Tătăruși, Iași and Dolhești to the east; and Drăgănești and Răucești in Neamț County to the west.

Iași County
Iași County (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈjaʃʲ]) is a county (județ) of Romania, in Western Moldavia, with the administrative seat at Iași. It is the most populous county in Romania, after the Municipality of Bucharest (which has the same administrative level as that of a county).
Scinax curicica
Scinax curicica, the lanceback treefrog, is a species of frog in the family Hylidae. It is endemic to Brazil. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland, intermittent rivers, and intermittent freshwater marshes.

Hylidae
Hylidae is a wide-ranging family of frogs commonly referred to as "tree frogs and their allies". However, the hylids include a diversity of frog species, many of which do not live in trees, but are terrestrial or semiaquatic.
Berevo-Ranobe
Berevo-Ranobe or Berevo-sur-Ranobe is a town and commune (Malagasy: kaominina) in western Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Maintirano, which is a part of Melaky Region. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 8,000 in 2001 commune census.

Berevo-Ranobe has a maritime harbour. Only primary schooling is available. Farming and raising livestock provides employment for 30% and 65% of the working population.  The most important crop is rice, while other important products are coconuts, cassava and seeds of catechu.  Additionally fishing employs 5% of the population.

Senegalia catechu
Senegalia catechu, previously known as Acacia catechu, is a deciduous, thorny tree which grows up to 15 m (50 ft) in height. The plant is called kachu in Malay; the Malay name was Latinized to "catechu" in Linnaean taxonomy, as the species from which the extracts cutch and catechu are derived. Other common names for it include kher, catechu, cachou, cutchtree, black cutch, and black catechu.

Senegalia catechu is native to South Asia and Southeast Asia, including the Indian subcontinent, Myanmar, Cambodia and China (Yunnan).

Through derivatives of the flavanols in its extracts, the species has lent its name to the important catechins, catechols and catecholamines of chemistry and biology.
Tanning dependence
Tanning dependence or tanorexia (a portmanteau of tanning and anorexia) is a syndrome where an individual appears to have a physical or psychological dependence on sunbathing or the use of ultraviolet (UV) tanning beds to darken the complexion of the skin. Compulsive tanning can satisfy the definition of a behavioral addiction as well.

Psychological dependence
Psychological dependence is a cognitive disorder and a form of dependence that is characterized by emotional–motivational withdrawal symptoms upon cessation of prolonged drug use or certain repetitive behaviors. Consistent and frequent exposure to particular substances or behaviors is responsible for inducing psychological dependence, requiring ongoing engagement to prevent the onset of an unpleasant withdrawal syndrome driven by negative reinforcement. Neuronal counter-adaptation is believed to contribute to the generation of withdrawal symptoms through changes in neurotransmitter activity or altered receptor expression. Environmental enrichment and physical activity have been shown to attenuate withdrawal symptoms.
Mount Alvernia
Mount Alvernia (formerly Como Hill) is located on Cat Island in The Bahamas and is the highest point in the country at 63 metres (207 ft) above sea level. The mountain shares its name with a school in Montego Bay, Jamaica.

Originally named "Como Hill", it was renamed Mount Alvernia after La Verna (Latin: Alverna), the hill in Tuscany where Francis of Assisi received the stigmata. The mountain was given its name by a Catholic priest, Monsignor John Hawes, also known as Fra Jerome, who built a hermitage there. Hawes was an Englishman who spent the last 17 years of his life in the Bahamas. He was a qualified architect before entering the church, and known for designing and constructing church buildings in England, Western Australia and the Bahamas.

Hermitage (religious retreat)
A hermitage most authentically refers to a place where a hermit lives in seclusion from the world, or a building or settlement where a person or a group of people live religiously, in seclusion.  Particularly as a name or part of the name of properties its meaning is often imprecise, harking to a distant period of local history, components of the building material, or recalling any former sanctuary or holy place.  Secondary churches or establishments run from a monastery were often called "hermitages".

In the 18th century, some owners of English country houses adorned their gardens with a "hermitage", sometimes a Gothic ruin, but sometimes, as at Painshill Park, a romantic hut which a "hermit" was recruited to occupy.  The so-called Ermita de San Pelayo y San Isidoro is the ruins of a Romanesque church of Ávila, Spain, that ended up several hundred miles away, to feature in the Buen Retiro Park in Madrid.
Solar Orbiter
The Solar Orbiter (SolO) is a Sun-observing probe developed by the European Space Agency (ESA) with a NASA contribution. Solar Orbiter, designed to obtain detailed measurements of the inner heliosphere and the nascent solar wind, also performs close observations of the polar regions of the Sun which is difficult to do from Earth. These observations are important in investigating how the Sun creates and controls its heliosphere.

Solar Orbiter makes observations of the Sun from an eccentric orbit moving as close as ≈60 solar radii (RS), or 0.284 astronomical units (au), placing it inside Mercury's perihelion of 0.3075 au. During the mission the orbital inclination will be raised to about 24°. The total mission cost is US$1.5 billion, counting both ESA and NASA contributions. Solar Orbiter was launched on 10 February 2020 from Cape Canaveral, Florida, USA. The nominal mission is planned until the end of 2026, with a potential extension until 2030.

Coronagraph
A coronagraph is a telescopic attachment designed to block out the direct light from a star or other bright object so that nearby objects – which otherwise would be hidden in the object's bright glare – can be resolved. Most coronagraphs are intended to view the corona of the Sun, but a new class of conceptually similar instruments (called stellar coronagraphs to distinguish them from solar coronagraphs) are being used to find extrasolar planets and circumstellar disks around nearby stars as well as host galaxies in quasars and other similar objects with active galactic nuclei (AGN).
Shane Ronayne
Shane Ronayne (born 29 September 1979) is a Gaelic football manager whose first senior inter-county management job, since January 2021, was as manager of the Waterford county team, his father's native county. He resigned after eight months, having managed Waterford to an opening round exit from the 2021 Munster SFC against Limerick and a solitary competitive win against Wexford in the NFL's Division 4.

Before taking charge of the Waterford footballers, he led the Tipperary ladies' Gaelic football team to four national titles during four years in charge. Ronayne took over a team playing Division Three league football and intermediate championship, he left the team as it was about to begin a third year in Division One of the National League and a second year of senior championship.

Ronayne began managing in 2005.

Waterford county football team
The Waterford county football team represents Waterford in men's Gaelic football and is governed by Waterford GAA, the county board of the Gaelic Athletic Association. The team competes in the three major annual inter-county competitions; the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, the Munster Senior Football Championship and the National Football League.

Waterford's home ground is Fraher Field, Dungarvan and Walsh Park, Waterford. The team's manager is Ephie Fitzgerald.

The team last won the Munster Senior Championship in 1898, but has never won the All-Ireland Senior Championship or the National League.