hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Johndale Solem
Johndale C. Solem (born 1941) is an American theoretical physicist and Fellow of Los Alamos National Laboratory. Solem has authored or co-authored over 185 technical papers in many different scientific fields. He is best known for his work on avoiding comet or asteroid collisions with Earth and on interstellar spacecraft propulsion.

Stark effect
The Stark effect is the shifting and splitting of spectral lines of atoms and molecules due to the presence of an external electric field. It is the electric-field analogue of the Zeeman effect, where a spectral line is split into several components due to the presence of the magnetic field. Although initially coined for the static case, it is also used in the wider context to describe the effect of time-dependent electric fields. In particular, the Stark effect is responsible for the pressure broadening (Stark broadening) of spectral lines by charged particles in plasmas. For most spectral lines, the Stark effect is either linear (proportional to the applied electric field) or quadratic with a high accuracy.

The Stark effect can be observed both for emission and absorption lines. The latter was sometimes called the inverse Stark effect, but this term is no longer used in the modern literature.
Stanley: The Search for Dr. Livingston
Stanley: The Search for Dr. Livingston (after "David Livingstone") is a side-scrolling action-adventure game developed by Sculptured Software and released in 1992 by Electro Brain for the Nintendo Entertainment System. It appeared in one of the first 50 issues of Nintendo Power magazine.

Side-scrolling video game
A side-scrolling video game (alternatively side-scroller) is a video game viewed from a side-view camera angle where the screen follows the player as they move left or right. The jump from single-screen or flip-screen graphics to scrolling graphics during the golden age of arcade games was a pivotal leap in game design, comparable to the move to 3D graphics during the fifth generation.

Hardware support of smooth scrolling backgrounds is built into many arcade video games, some game consoles, and home computers. Examples include 8-bit systems like the Atari 8-bit computers and Nintendo Entertainment System, and 16-bit consoles, such as the Super Nintendo Entertainment System and Sega Genesis. These 16-bit consoles added multiple layers, which can be scrolled independently for a parallax scrolling effect.
Hellenica
Hellenica (Ancient Greek: Ἑλληνικά) simply means writings on Greek (Hellenic) subjects. Several histories of the 4th-century BC Greece have borne the conventional Latin title Hellenica, of which very few survive. The most notable of the surviving histories is the Hellenica of the Ancient Greek writer Xenophon (also known as Hellenika, or A History of My Times).

The work was intended as a continuation of Thucydides' History of the Peloponnesian War, which was left unfinished and ends abruptly in the year 411 BC. Xenophon's Hellenica covers the years 411-362 BC, through the end of the Peloponnesian War and its aftermath.

Hellenica is usually considered to be a difficult work for modern audiences to understand, as Xenophon often assumed his reader's knowledge of events.

Spartan hegemony
Spartan hegemony was the period of dominance by Sparta in Greek affairs from 404 to 371 BC. Even before this period the polis of Sparta was the greatest military land power of classical Greek antiquity and governed, dominated or influenced the entire Peloponnese. The defeat of the Athenians and the Delian League in the Peloponnesian War in 431–404 BC resulted in a short-lived Spartan dominance of the southern Greek world from 404 to 371 BC. Due to their mistrust of others, Spartans discouraged the creation of records about their internal affairs. The only histories of Sparta are from the writings of Xenophon, Thucydides, Herodotus and Plutarch, none of whom were Spartans. Plutarch was writing several centuries after the period of Spartan hegemony had ceased. This creates difficulties in understanding the Spartan political system, which was distinct from any other Greek polis.
Terekti District
Terekti (Kazakh: Теректі ауданы, Terektı audany) is a district of West Kazakhstan Region in western Kazakhstan. The administrative center of the district is the selo of Terekti. Population: 38,284 (2013 estimate); 39,463 (2009 census results); 44,603 (1999 census results).

West Kazakhstan Region
West Kazakhstan Region is a region of Kazakhstan. As of 1 August 2025, it had a population of 695,900. Its administrative centre is Oral (also known as Uralsk), a city of about 250,000 inhabitants.

The region was created as West Kazakhstan Oblast in the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic during the Soviet-era. Between 1962 and 1992, it was named Uralsk Oblast. It was renamed in 1993 following the independence of Kazakhstan from the Soviet Union.
Nyonga forest tree frog
The Nyonga forest tree frog (Leptopelis lebeaui) is a species of frog in the family Arthroleptidae endemic to the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Its natural habitats are rivers, freshwater marshes, and intermittent freshwater marshes. As of 2004, the Upemba National Park was the only place in which they were being protected.

Upemba National Park
Upemba National Park (French: Parc national d'Upemba) is a large national park in Haut-Lomami, Lualaba Province & Haut-Katanga Province (formerly in Katanga Province) of the southeastern Democratic Republic of Congo, formerly Zaire.
Volodar of Peremyshl
Volodar Rostislavich (Ukrainian: Володар Ростиславич, romanized: Volodar Rostyslavych; Russian: Володарь Ростиславич; died 1124) was Prince of Zvenyhorod (1085–1092) and Peremyshl' (1092–1097).

He actively was involved in the Polish internal affairs. Volodar also waged a war against the grand prince of Kiev, Sviatopolk II of Kiev and his son Yaroslav. In 1121 Volodar was imprisoned in Poland, but was bonded out by his brother Vasilko Rostislavich.

Together with Vasilko, he participated at the federal council in Liubech in 1097 (see Council of Liubech).

His father was Rostislav of Tmutarakan; his son was Vladimirko of Halych, father of Yaroslav Osmomysl.

Yaroslav Osmomysl
Yaroslav Osmomysl (Old East Slavic: Осмомыслъ Ярославъ, Osmomyslŭ Jaroslavŭ; Ukrainian: Ярослав Володимирович Осмомисл, Yaroslav Volodymyrovych Osmomysl) (c. 1135 – 1 October 1187) was a knyaz of Halych (now in western Ukraine). He is best-known for appearing in The Tale of Igor's Campaign. His sobriquet, meaning "Eight-Minded" in Old East Slavic, was granted to him in recognition of his wisdom. Some scholars even assert that Yaroslav was fluent in eight foreign languages. Also a great reformer.
Moritz Brosig
Moritz Brosig (15 October 1815 - 24 January 1887) was a German cathedral organist and composer. He came to be seen as a leading representative of the so-called Breslau School of church musicians. Despite his Roman Catholic faith, he wrote more than thirty chorale preludes, working in a musical genre more traditionally associated with Lutheran worship.

Cecilian Movement
The Cecilian Movement for church music reform began in Germany in the second half of the 1800s as a reaction to the liberalization of the Enlightenment.

The Cecilian Movement received great impetus from Regensburg, where Franz Xaver Haberl had a world-renowned school for church musicians. Their theoretical ideas were formulated by Ludwig Tieck, Friedrich and August Wilhelm Schlegel, Johann Michael Sailer, E. T. A. Hoffmann, and Anton Friedrich Justus Thibaut.
Chand Bibi
Sultana Chand Bibi (1550 – 18 April 1600) was the regent of the Bijapur Sultanate during the minority of Ibrahim Adil Shah II in 1580–1590, and the regent of the Ahmednagar Sultanate during the minority of her great nephew Bahadur Shah in 1595–1600. Chand Bibi is best known for defending Ahmednagar against the Mughal forces of Emperor Akbar in 1595.

Abdul Rahim Khan-i-Khanan
Khanzada Mirza Khan Abdul Rahim (17 December 1556 – 1 October 1627), popularly known as simply Rahim and titled Khan-i-Khanan, was a poet who lived in India during the rule of Mughal emperor Akbar, who was Rahim's mentor. He was one of the nine important ministers (dewan) in Akbar's court, known as the Navaratnas. Rahim was known for his Hindustani dohe (couplets) and his books on astrology.
Mitsubishi Motors (Thailand)
Mitsubishi Motors (Thailand) is the Thai operation of Mitsubishi Motors Corporation. It became the first Thai automobile manufacturer to export vehicles overseas in 1988, and has remained the country's largest exporter every year since.

Mitsubishi Motors Thailand is currently the most productive of the parent corporation's four manufacturing facilities outside Japan, with 133,109 vehicles produced in 2006. It exported its one millionth pickup truck in October 2007. In anticipation of a growth in the market for pickup trucks, Mitsubishi is investing 21 billion baht (¥1 billion) to increase local capacity to 200,000 units. In November 2015, Mitsubishi Motors Thailand celebrated production of its four millionth vehicle.

Mitsubishi Motors Thailand owns a subsidiary, MMTh Engine, located at Laem Chabang Industrial Estates, Tambon Thung Sukhla, Si Racha District, Chonburi Province, which produces auto components.

Nissan Navara
The Nissan Navara (Japanese: 日産・ナバラ, Hepburn: Nissan Nabara) is a nameplate used for Nissan pickup trucks with D21, D22, D40, D23 and D27 model codes. The nameplate has been used in Australia, New Zealand, Central America, South America, Asia, Europe, and South Africa. In North, Central and South America and some selected markets, it is marketed as the Nissan Frontier or Nissan NP300.

After more than ten years with the D21, Nissan unveiled the similar sized D22. It was replaced with the bigger, taller, longer D40 mid-size pickup. In 2014, Nissan released its successor, the D23, for international markets other than the U.S. and Canada. For these markets, it received the D41 Frontier in 2021 to replace the D40.

The Navara gets its name from the Navarre region of northern Spain. The European version was built at the Nissan Motor Ibérica factory in Barcelona.
India ink
India ink (British English: Indian ink) or China ink (also Chinese ink) is a simple black or coloured ink once widely used for writing and printing and now more commonly used for drawing and outlining, especially when inking comic books and comic strips. India ink is also used in medical applications.

Compared to other inks, such as the iron gall ink previously common in Europe, India ink is noted for its deep, rich black colour. It is commonly applied with a paintbrush (such as an ink brush) or a dip pen. In East Asian traditions such as ink wash painting and Chinese calligraphy, India ink is commonly used in a solid form called an inkstick.

Ink brush
A Chinese writing brush (traditional Chinese: 毛筆; simplified Chinese: 毛笔; pinyin: máo bǐ) is a paintbrush used as a writing tool in Chinese calligraphy as well as in Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese which all have roots in Chinese calligraphy. They are also used in Chinese painting and other brush painting styles. The ink brush was invented in China around 300 B.C. Together with the inkstone, inkstick and Xuan paper, these four writing implements form the Four Treasures of the Study.
Aggborough & Spennells
Aggborough & Spennells is an electoral ward in Kidderminster, Wyre Forest, England. The ward elects three councillors to both Wyre Forest District Council and Kidderminster Town Council. The population of the ward at the 2011 census was 8,779.

Kidderminster
Kidderminster is a market town and civil parish in Worcestershire, England, 18 miles (29 km) south-west of Birmingham and 15 miles (24 km) north of Worcester. Located north of the River Stour and east of the River Severn, in the 2021 census, it had a population of 57,400. The town is twinned with Husum, Germany.

Situated in the far north of Worcestershire (and with its northern suburbs only 3 and 4 miles from the Staffordshire and Shropshire borders respectively), the town is the main administration centre for the wider Wyre Forest District, which includes the towns of Stourport-on-Severn and Bewdley, along with other outlying settlements.
Governorship of Charlie Baker
Charlie Baker, a member of the Republican Party served as the 72nd governor of Massachusetts from January 8, 2015 until January 5, 2023. Baker was considered a liberal or moderate Republican. During his governorship, Baker regularly had one of the highest approval ratings among incumbent U.S. governors.

Massachusetts Gender Identity Anti-Discrimination Initiative
The Massachusetts Gender Identity Anti-Discrimination Initiative is a state-wide referendum passed by Massachusetts voters in the 6 November 2018 mid-term election that prohibits discrimination in public accommodations on the basis of gender identity.  The vote upholds language which was already present in the state anti-discrimination statute, defeating an attempt to veto it by public referendum.  It is the first state-wide anti-discrimination statute passed by referendum supporting transgender rights in the United States.
Nadekan-e Gurmi
Nadekan-e Gurmi (Persian: ندکان گورمي, also Romanized as Nadekān-e Gūrmī; also known as Nadeh Kān-e Gūrmī) is a village in Pir Sohrab Rural District, in the Central District of Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 262, in 45 families.

Pir Sohrab Rural District
Pir Sohrab Rural District (Persian: دهستان پيرسهراب) is in Pir Sohrab District of Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Owraki Bozorg-e Olya. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Pir Sohrab.
Leach Public Library
The Leach Public Library in Wahpeton, North Dakota was built in 1923. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.

It was funded by Orrin Leach, who also served as Wahpeton's mayor.  When his initial $25,000 contribution proved inadequate, he gave more funds.

Fargo architects Keith & Kurke provided the design.: 6

Wahpeton, North Dakota
Wahpeton (/ˈwɑːpɪtən/ WAH-pit-ən) is a city in Richland County, in southeast North Dakota along the Bois de Sioux River at its confluence with the Otter Tail River, which forms the Red River of the North. Wahpeton is the county seat of Richland County. The population was 8,007 at the 2020 census.

Wahpeton was founded in 1869 and is the principal city of the Wahpeton Micropolitan Statistical Area, which includes all of Richland County, North Dakota and Wilkin County, Minnesota. Wahpeton's twin city is Breckenridge, Minnesota, on the other side of the river. The Bois de Sioux River and the Otter Tail River join at Wahpeton and Breckenridge to form the Red River of the North.

The North Dakota State College of Science is in Wahpeton. The local newspaper is the Wahpeton Daily News. Wahpeton is also home to the Chahinkapa Zoo, the first zoo built in North Dakota.
Corpse Love: The First Year
Corpse Love: The First Year  is an anthology by American noise rock band Pussy Galore, released on February 14, 1992 by Caroline Records. It comprises the band's first three EPs with several tracks from Exile on Main St and unreleased songs.

Exile on Main St. (Pussy Galore album)
Exile on Main St. is an album by American noise rock band Pussy Galore, released in December 1986 by Shove Records. It is a track-by-track cover album re-interpreting the Rolling Stones' 1972 album Exile on Main St. Its only official release format was the cassette tape, in a limited run of only 550 hand-numbered copies.
Miss Grand Japan 2017
Miss Grand Japan 2017 (Japanese: 2017 ミス・グランド・ジャパン) was the third edition of the Miss Grand Japan pageant, held on September 12, 2017, at the Selene Studio, Minato, Tokyo. Eight contestants from different prefectures competed for the title. At the end of the event, a 27-year-old MC and model from Kyoto, Erika Tsuji, was announced the winner, while Arisa Katsumoto of Fukui and Aya Kitoya of Kumamoto were named the first and second runners-up, respectively.

Erika Tsuji later represented Japan at the Miss Grand International 2017 pageant, held in Phú Quốc, Vietnam, but was unplaced.

The event was hosted by a Japanese radio personality and screenwriter, Ryusuke Kelly, and featured a live performance by a Japanese electronic music artist trio group, Strom.

Miss Grand Japan
Miss Grand Japan (Japanese: ミス・グランド・ジャパン) is a national female beauty pageant in Japan, held annually since 2015, aiming to select the country representative for Miss Grand International, which is an annual international beauty pageant promoting World Peace and against all kinds of conflicts. The pageant has been being organized by Miss Grand Japan Co., Ltd., headed by the first Miss Grand Japan  Eriko Yoshii, since its establishment.

Since its first participation at Miss Grand International in 2013, Japan holds a record of 6 placements; in 2014 – 2015, 2018 – 2020 and 2024. The highest achievement is the fourth runner-up, obtained by Haruka Oda of Saitama in 2018. Japan also won the best evening gown award in 2015 and the best national costume award in 2020 and 2023.

Eriko Yoshii won the Silver Grand Award in 2022 for being one of the top three national directors and the Golden Grand Award in 2024, which is awarded for being the best national director.
Wilfrid Laurier Golden Hawks women's ice hockey
The Wilfrid Laurier Golden Hawks women's ice hockey team is the women's college ice hockey team that represents the Wilfrid Laurier University in Waterloo, Ontario. The team competes as a member of the Ontario University Athletics (OUA), under the U Sports association. The Golden Hawks play their home games at Sunlife Financial Arena.

Since joining the OUA in the 1994–95 season, the team has won 11 OUA provincial titles and 1 U Sports national title (2004–05).

The current coach is former New Hampshire Wildcats Hockey East All-Star forward Kelly Paton, who took over in 2018. Also a former player for the Boston Blades, Paton had previously coached the Western Mustangs women's hockey team as well as the London Devilettes of the Provincial Women's Hockey League.

Prior to Paton, the head coach was Rick Osborne. Osborne joined the team in 2003 and brought the team to 9 provincial championships and the only national title they have won. He retired after 15 seasons.

Wilfrid Laurier Golden Hawks
The Wilfrid Laurier Golden Hawks, commonly shortened to Laurier Golden Hawks, is the name used by the varsity sports teams of Wilfrid Laurier University in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. The university's varsity teams compete in the Ontario University Athletics conference of U Sports and, where applicable, in the west division.
Dayot Upamecano
Dayotchanculle Oswald Upamecano (French: [upamekano]; born 27 October 1998) is a French professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Bundesliga club Bayern Munich and the France national team.

2024–25 Bundesliga
The 2024–25 Bundesliga was the 62nd season of the Bundesliga, Germany's premier men's football competition. The season began on 23 August 2024 and concluded on 17 May 2025. Bayer Leverkusen were the defending champions.

On 4 May 2025, Bayern Munich were crowned Bundesliga champions for a record 33rd time (34th title overall) with two matches to spare following Bayer Leverkusen's 2–2 draw with SC Freiburg, reclaiming the league title after a third-place finish in the previous season.
Direct-to-consumer blood testing
Direct-to-consumer blood testing (DTC blood testing), also known as direct access testing (DAT), is a form of laboratory testing that allows consumers to order blood tests directly from a clinical laboratory without requiring a prescription or referral from a physician. This market has grown significantly in recent years, driven by consumer interest in personalized health management, advances in laboratory technology, and regulatory changes that have expanded access in many jurisdictions.

These services typically offer comprehensive metabolic panels, lipid profiles, hormone testing, nutritional markers, and increasingly sophisticated biomarker assessments that were traditionally only available through healthcare providers. Over the last decade, a paradigm shift has taken place with consumers seeking greater involvement in decisions affecting their healthcare and with policies that enable this involvement.

Laboratory-developed test
Laboratory-developed tests (LDTs) are a class of in vitro diagnostics (IVDs) designed, manufactured, and used within a single laboratory. They are employed for various medical diagnoses and research applications, offering advantages in flexibility and fostering innovation in the diagnostics field.

"Laboratory-developed test" is a term used to refer to a certain class of in vitro diagnostics (IVDs) that, in the U.S., were traditionally regulated under the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments program.
Matshidiso Botswe
Matshidiso Mathews Botswe is a South African politician who has been the provincial chairperson of the Economic Freedom Fighters since his election in September 2018. He has been serving as a Member of the North West Provincial Legislature since May 2019. Prior to serving in the legislature, he was a councillor in the Ditsobotla Local Municipality.

In February 2020, Botswe was physically assaulted while he was being escorted out of the chamber for disrupting premier Job Mokgoro's State of the Province Address.

Job Mokgoro
Tebogo Job Mokgoro (born 15 May 1948) is a South African politician and academic who served as the 6th Premier of North West from June 2018 until his resignation in August 2021. He was a Member of the North West Provincial Legislature during that time. He is a party member of the African National Congress.
2020 Famous Idaho Potato Bowl (January)
The 2020 Famous Idaho Potato Bowl was a college football bowl game played on January 3, 2020, with kickoff at 3:30 p.m. EST (1:30 p.m. local MST) on ESPN. It was the 23rd edition of the Famous Idaho Potato Bowl, and one of the 2019–20 bowl games concluding the 2019 FBS football season. The game was sponsored by the Idaho Potato Commission, from which it gets its name.

Famous Idaho Potato Bowl
The Famous Idaho Potato Bowl, previously the Humanitarian Bowl (1997–2003, 2007–2010) and the MPC Computers Bowl (2004–2006), is an NCAA-sanctioned post-season college football bowl game that has been played annually since 1997 at Albertsons Stadium on the campus of Boise State University in Boise, Idaho. The game is televised nationally on the ESPN family of networks.
SPECULOOS-3 b
SPECULOOS-3 b is an Earth-sized exoplanet, orbiting the ultracool red dwarf star SPECULOOS-3. It is relatively close to Earth, at a distance of 55 light-years. SPECULOOS-3 b takes only about 17 hours to complete an orbit around SPECULOOS-3, and, because of that proximity, it receives very high levels of radiation and is tidally locked, meaning that one side of the planet always faces its host star. Its discovery was made using the SPECULOOS project, and announced in May 2024 in the academic journal Nature Astronomy.

The host star of SPECULOOS-3 b is SPECULOOS-3 (LSPM J2049+3336, TIC 230741378), an ultra-cool red dwarf star in the constellation Cygnus, with just one tenth of the Sun's mass, 13% of the size and 0.09% of its luminosity.

Astronomical transit
In astronomy, a transit (or astronomical transit) is the passage of a celestial body directly between a larger body and the observer. As viewed from a particular vantage point, the transiting body appears to move across the face of the larger body, covering a small portion of it.

The word "transit" refers to cases where the nearer object appears smaller than the more distant object. Cases where the nearer object appears larger and completely hides the more distant object are known as occultations.

However, the probability of seeing a transiting planet is low because it is dependent on the alignment of the three objects in a nearly perfectly straight line. Many parameters of  a planet and its parent star can be determined based on the transit.