hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Catalyst (Prototype album)
Catalyst is the third studio album by American progressive metal band Prototype, released on September 11, 2012, by Nightmare Records. It was their first studio album to feature drummer Pat Magrath as a permanent member of the band since Trinity (2002). The band's first conceptual album, the album tells a story depicting events and the symbiotic relationship between humankind and an alien race. Upon release, the album received mixed to positive reviews.

Trinity (Prototype album)
Trinity is the debut studio album by American progressive metal band Prototype. The album was released on February 12, 2002 via WWIII Music/AMC. The album was also released in Europe via Massacre Records; this version featured two bonus tracks that were not on the American version and were later included on the digital re-release.
Public transport in Bratislava
Public transport in Bratislava is managed by Dopravný podnik Bratislava, a city-owned company. The transport system is known as Mestská hromadná doprava (MHD, Municipal Mass Transit), and the network is the largest in Slovakia. The history of public transportation in Bratislava began with the opening of the first tram route in 1895, when the city was in  the Kingdom of Hungary, part of the Austro-Hungarian empire. Passengers must buy their tickets before entering the vehicle. Revenue from tickets covers approximately 40% of expenses, with the other 60% paid by the city.

Trnavské mýto
Trnavské mýto is an important transport junction and crossroad in Bratislava, Slovakia, in the Nové Mesto district.  It is located at 48°9′30″N 17°07′41″E﻿ / ﻿48.15833°N 17.12806°E﻿ / 48.15833; 17.12806.
Gauss (unit)
The gauss (symbol: G, sometimes Gs) is a unit of measurement of magnetic induction, also known as magnetic flux density. The unit is part of the Gaussian system of units, which inherited it from the older centimetre–gram–second electromagnetic units (CGS-EMU) system. It was named after the German mathematician and physicist Carl Friedrich Gauss in 1936. One gauss is defined as one maxwell per square centimetre.

As the centimetre–gram–second system of units (cgs system) has been superseded by the International System of Units (SI), the use of the gauss has been deprecated by the standards bodies, but is still regularly used in various subfields of science, and preferred in astrophysics. The SI unit for magnetic flux density is the tesla (symbol T), which corresponds to 10,000gauss.

Centimetre
A centimetre (International spelling) or centimeter (American English), with SI symbol cm, is a unit of length in the International System of Units (SI) equal to one hundredth of a metre, centi- being the SI prefix for a factor of ⁠1/100⁠. Equivalently, there are 100 centimetres in 1 metre. The centimetre was the base unit of length in the now deprecated centimetre–gram–second (CGS) system of units.

Though for many physical quantities, SI prefixes for factors of 103—like milli- and kilo-—are often preferred by technicians, the centimetre remains a practical unit of length for many everyday measurements; for instance, human height is commonly measured in centimetres. A centimetre is approximately the width of the fingernail of an average adult person.
Alexander Spicer
Alexander Spicer was an Anglican priest in Ireland in the 17th century.

Spicer was born in Somerset and educated at Exeter College, Oxford. He was Chaplain to Arthur Chichester, 1st Baron Chichester, Lord Deputy of Ireland and Dean of Killaloe from 1662, holding both positions until his death in 1692.

Dean of Killaloe and Clonfert
The Dean of Killaloe is based at the Cathedral Church of St Flannan in Killaloe in the united diocese of Limerick, Killaloe and Ardfert within the Church of Ireland. The Dean of Killaloe is also Dean of St Brendans, Clonfert, Dean of Kilfenora, and both Dean and Provost of Kilmacduagh.

Since 2020 the incumbent is Roderick Lindsay Smyth.
1932 Cork Senior Hurling Championship
The 1932 Cork Senior Hurling Championship was the 44th staging of the Cork Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887. The draw for the opening round fixtures took place at the Cork Convention on 31 January 1932. The championship began on 10 April 1932 and ended on 2 October 1932.

Blackrock were the defending champions, however, they were defeated by St. Finbarr's at the semi-final stage.

On 2 October 1932, St. Finbarr's won the championship following a 5–3 to 4–4 defeat of Carrigtwohill in the final. This was their 9th championship title overall and their first title in six championship seasons.

1931 Cork Senior Hurling Championship
The 1931 Cork Senior Hurling Championship was the 43rd staging of the Cork Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887. The draw for the opening round fixtures took place at the Cork Convention on 25 January 1931. The championship began on 22 March 1931 and ended on 13 December 1931.

Blackrock were the defending champions.

On 13 December 1931, Blackrock won the championship following a 2–4 to 0–3 defeat of Éire Óg in the final. This was their 21st championship title overall and their third successive title.
Western Marine Shipyard
Western Marine Shipyard Limited is a publicly listed shipbuilding company standing with over 42 acres of land beside the Karnaphuli River in Chattogram, Bangladesh. The shipyard has constructed various types of vessels, including ocean-going multi-purpose cargo vessels, passenger vessels & boats, oil tankers, ro-ro ferries, pontoons, barges, fishing trawlers, dredgers, tug boats, container vessels, etc. It owns an 89 percent share of Bangladesh's shipbuilding market. The company is listed on Dhaka and Chittagong Stock Exchange.

Karnaphuli
The Karnaphuli River (Bengali: কর্ণফুলি Kôrnophuli; also spelt Karnafuli and Khawthlangtuipui in Mizo, meaning "western river" and Borgang in Chakma, meaning "Big River") is the largest and most important river in Chittagong and the Chittagong Hill Tracts. It is a 667-metre (2,188 ft) wide river in the south-eastern part of Bangladesh. Originating from the Saithah village of Mamit district in Mizoram, India, it flows 270 kilometres (170 mi) southwest through Chattogram Hill Tracts and Chattogram into the Bay of Bengal. It is the fastest flowing river in Bangladesh, after the Padma.

The river is said to "represent the drainage system of the whole south-western part of Mizoram." Principal tributaries include the Kawrpui River or Thega River, Tuichawng River and Phairuang River. A large hydroelectric power plant was built on the Karnaphuli in the Kaptai region in the 1960s. The mouth of the river hosts the Port of Chattogram, the largest and busiest seaport of Bangladesh.
Robert Stalnaker
Robert Culp Stalnaker (born 1940) is an American philosopher who is Laurance S. Rockefeller Professor Emeritus of Philosophy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He is a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and a Corresponding Fellow of the British Academy.

American philosophy
American philosophy is the activity, corpus, and tradition of philosophers affiliated with the United States. The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy notes that while it lacks a "core of defining features, American Philosophy can nevertheless be seen as both reflecting and shaping collective American identity over the history of the nation". The philosophy of the Founding Fathers of the United States is largely seen as an extension of the European Enlightenment. A small number of philosophies are known as American in origin, namely pragmatism and transcendentalism, with their most prominent proponents being the philosophers William James and Ralph Waldo Emerson respectively.
2022 Indiana Hoosiers football team
The 2022 Indiana Hoosiers football team represented Indiana University in the 2022 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Hoosiers played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Bloomington, Indiana and competed as a member of the East Division of the Big Ten Conference. The team was led by sixth-year head coach Tom Allen. They finished the season 4–8, 2–7 in Big Ten play to finish in sixth place in the East division.

Memorial Stadium (Indiana University)
Memorial Stadium (officially known as Merchants Bank Field at Memorial Stadium for sponsorship reasons) is an American football stadium in Bloomington, Indiana, United States.  It is primarily used for football, and has been the home of Indiana Hoosiers football since its opening in 1960. It is the 14th largest football stadium in the Big Ten Conference, with an official capacity of 53,524. The field has a conventional north–south alignment, at an approximate elevation of 771 feet (235 m) above sea level.
Taxation in ancient Rome
In ancient Rome, there were four primary kinds of taxation: a cattle tax, a land tax, customs, and a tax on the profits of any profession. These taxes were typically collected by local aristocrats. The Roman state would set a fixed amount of money each region needed to provide in taxes, and the local officials would decide who paid the taxes and how much they paid. Once collected the taxes would be used to fund the military, create public works, establish trade networks, stimulate the economy, and to fund the cursus publicum.

Lustrum
A lūstrum (IPA: [ˈluːs̠t̪rʊ̃ˑ], plural lūstra) was a term for a five-year period in Ancient Rome.

It is distinct from the homograph lustrum (/ˈlʊstrəm/ LUSS-trəm): a haunt of wild beasts (and figuratively, a den of vice), plural lustra (/ˈlʊstrɑː/ LUUS-trah).
Halverson Peak
Halverson Peak (71°47′S 164°44′E﻿ / ﻿71.783°S 164.733°E﻿ / -71.783; 164.733) is a peak, 1,710 metres (5,600 ft) high, which marks the east side of the terminus of Rawle Glacier, in the King Range of the Concord Mountains of Victoria Land, Antarctica. This topographical feature was first mapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos, 1960–64, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Jack E. Halverson, U.S. Navy, chief electronics technician and member of the McMurdo Station party, 1967. The peak lies situated on the Pennell Coast, a portion of Antarctica lying between Cape Williams and Cape Adare.

Buell Peninsula
The Buell Peninsula (70°36′S 164°24′E﻿ / ﻿70.600°S 164.400°E﻿ / -70.600; 164.400﻿ (Buell Peninsula)) is an ice-covered peninsula terminating in Cape Williams, located between the lower ends of Lillie Glacier, George Glacier and Zykov Glacier, at the northwest end of the Anare Mountains in Antarctica. The peninsula is 15 nautical miles (28 km; 17 mi) long and 8 nautical miles (15 km; 9.2 mi) at its greatest width.
2015 Cork Senior Hurling Championship
The 2015 Cork Senior Hurling Championship was the 127th staging of the Cork Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887. The draw for the 2015 fixtures took place on 14 December 2014 at Páirc Uí Chaoimh. The championship began on 11 April 2015 and ended on 11 October 2015.

The championship was won by Glen Rovers who secured the title following a 2–17 to 1–13 defeat of Sarsfields in the final. This was their 26th championship title, their first in 26 years.

Sarsfield's were the defending champions.

2014 Cork Senior Hurling Championship
The 2014 Cork Senior Hurling Championship is the 126th staging of the Cork Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887. The championship began on 20 April 2014 and ended on 12 October 2014.

Midleton were the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Douglas in round four. Courcey Rovers were relegated from the championship after three seasons in the top tier. Sarsfield's won the title after a 2–18 to 0–8 defeat of Glen Rovers in the final.
Dolenji Leskovec
Dolenji Leskovec (pronounced [dɔˈleːnji lɛˈskɔːʋəts] or [dɔˈleːnji lɛˈskoːʋəts], German: Haselbach) is a settlement west of Brestanica in the Municipality of Krško in eastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Lower Sava Statistical Region.

Brestanica
Brestanica (pronounced [ˈbɾeːstanitsa]) is an urban settlement in the Municipality of Krško in eastern Slovenia. It lies in the valley at the confluence of the Sava River with a minor tributary called the Brestanica. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Lower Sava Statistical Region.
Digna and Emerita
Saints Digna and Emerita (died 259 AD) are venerated as saints by the Catholic Church.  They were Roman maidens seized and put to the torture as Christians in the persecution of Valerian (A.D. 254-A.D. 259) at Rome.

In the catacombs of the Commodilla there was the grave of an Emerita. Around 757 it was discovered under Pope Paul I, who had the relics transferred to the church of San Marcello al Corso, in Rome. On the basis of a misunderstood inscription, the bones were considered for the two martyrs and around the middle of the 9th martyrs. a legend formed of two martyrs similar to the story of Saint Afra.

It is recorded that on April 5, 838, a monk named Felix appeared at Fulda with the remains of Saints Cornelius, Callistus, Agapitus, Georgius, Vincentius, Maximus, Cecilia, Eugenia, Digna, Emerita, and Columbana.

Their feast day is celebrated on September 22.

Pope Callixtus I
Pope Callixtus I (Greek: Κάλλιστος), also called Callistus I, was the bishop of Rome (according to Sextus Julius Africanus) from c. 218 to his death c. 222 or 223. He lived during the reigns of the Roman emperors Elagabalus and Alexander Severus. Eusebius and the Liberian catalogue list his episcopate as having lasted five years (217–222). In 217, when Callixtus followed Zephyrinus as Bishop of Rome, he started to admit into the Church converts from sects or schisms. He was killed for being Christian and is venerated as a saint and martyr by the Catholic Church (the patron saint of cemetery workers).
Mahmoud Al-Mardi
Mahmoud Nayef Mardi Al-Hwaitat (Arabic: مَحْمُود نَايِف مَرْضِيّ الحويطات; born 6 October 1993) is a Jordanian footballer who plays as a winger for the Jordanian club Al-Hussein and the Jordan national team.

2021 AFC Cup
The 2021 AFC Cup was the 18th edition of the AFC Cup, Asia's secondary club football tournament organized by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC).

The winners of the tournament automatically qualified for the 2022 AFC Champions League, entering the qualifying play-offs, if they had not qualified through their domestic performance.

Lebanese club Al-Ahed, having won their first AFC Cup title in 2019, were the title holders, since the 2020 edition was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Asia after several group stage matches and the title was not awarded. However, Al-Ahed were eliminated by the eventual winners Al-Muharraq in the West Asia Zonal semi-finals.
Arithmetic geometry
In mathematics, arithmetic geometry is roughly the application of techniques from algebraic geometry to problems in number theory. Arithmetic geometry is centered around Diophantine geometry, the study of rational points of algebraic varieties.

In more abstract terms, arithmetic geometry can be defined as the study of schemes of finite type over the spectrum of the ring of integers.

Finitely generated abelian group
In abstract algebra, an abelian group  is called finitely generated if there exist finitely many elements  in  such that every  in  can be written in the form  for some integers . In this case, we say that the set  is a generating set of  or that  generate . So, finitely generated abelian groups can be thought of as a generalization of cyclic groups.

Every finite abelian group is finitely generated. The finitely generated abelian groups can be completely classified.
Nicholas II Gutkeled
Nicholas (II) from the kindred Gutkeled (Hungarian: Gutkeled nembeli (II.) Miklós, Croatian: Nikola od Gacke; died after 1291) was a Hungarian lord in the second half of the 13th century, who served as Judge royal from 1273 to 1274. He was also Ban of Slavonia for a brief time in 1275 and from 1278 to 1279, and the first Ban of Croatia in 1275, after the position was separated from the aforementioned dignity.

Judge royal
The judge royal, also justiciar, chief justice or Lord Chief Justice (German: Oberster Landesrichter, Hungarian: országbíró, Slovak: krajinský sudca or dvorský sudca, Latin: curialis comes or iudex curiae regiae), was the second-highest judge, preceded only by the palatine, in the Kingdom of Hungary between around 1127 and 1884. After 1884, the judge royal was only a symbolic function, but it was only in 1918 — with the end of Habsburgs in the Kingdom of Hungary (the kingdom continued formally until 1946) — that the function ceased officially.

There remain significant problems in the translation of the title of this officer. In Latin, the title translates as 'Judge of the Royal Court', which lacks specificity. In Hungarian, he is 'Judge of the Country', with 'country' in this sense meaning 'political community', being thus broadly analogous to the German 'Land'. English has no obvious translation for Landesrichter, which is the direct German translation of országbíró.
Carolina Watchman
The Carolina Watchman was an American weekly newspaper published in Salisbury, North Carolina, from 1832 to 1937. It variously supported the Whig, Democratic, and Populist parties, as well as the Confederacy during the Civil War. For a few years, it was mostly politically independent and known as the Watchman & Old North State.

Salisbury, North Carolina
Salisbury (/ˈsɔːlzbɛri/ SAWLZ-ber-ee) is a city in the Piedmont region of North Carolina, United States; it has been the county seat of Rowan County since 1753 when its territory extended to the Mississippi River. Located 25 miles (40 km) northeast of Charlotte and within its metropolitan area, the town has attracted a growing population. The 2020 census shows 35,580 residents.

Salisbury is the oldest continually populated colonial town in the western region of North Carolina. It is noted for its historic preservation, with five Local Historic Districts and ten National Register Historic Districts.

Soft drink producer Cheerwine and regional supermarket Food Lion are located in Salisbury and Rack Room Shoes was founded there.
Chrysaora colorata
Chrysaora colorata (Russell), commonly known as the purple-striped jelly or  purple-striped sea nettle, is a species of jellyfish that exists primarily off the coast of California from Bodega Bay to San Diego. The bell (body) of the jellyfish is up to 70 cm (2.3 ft) in diameter, typically with a radial pattern of stripes.  The tentacles vary with the age of the individual, consisting typically of eight marginal long dark arms, and four central frilly oral arms. It is closely studied by scientists due to not much being known about their eating habits. A 15-foot-long specimen has been seen.

Often young Cancer crabs make home in the jellyfish and eat the parasitic amphipods that feed on and damage the jellyfish. C. colorata are more active in a lively current, which makes it easier for them to move and capture their prey.

Copepod
Copepods (/ˈkoʊpəpɒd/; meaning 'oar-feet') are a group of small crustaceans found in nearly every freshwater and saltwater habitat. Some species are planktonic (living in the water column), some are benthic (living on the sediments), several species have parasitic phases, and some continental species may live in limnoterrestrial habitats and other wet terrestrial places, such as swamps, under leaf fall in wet forests, bogs, springs, ephemeral ponds, puddles, damp moss, or water-filled recesses of plants (phytotelmata) such as bromeliads and pitcher plants. Many live underground in marine and freshwater caves, sinkholes, or stream beds. Copepods are sometimes used as biodiversity indicators.
Zemo Kartli
Zemo Kartli (Georgian: ზემო ქართლი; lit. Upper Kartli or Upper Iberia) is a historical region in south-western Georgia, comprising the lands in the upper basin of the Kura River (from origins of Kura River to Tashiskari) and Chorokhi River basin, making it subregion of greater Kartli. Until 16th century, Zemo Kartli included: Samtskhe, Javakheti, Erusheti, Artaani, Kola, Klarjeti, Shavsheti, Tao and Speri.

Erusheti
Erusheti (Georgian: ერუშეთი) was a medieval Georgian fiefdom, currently part of the Ardahan Province in northeastern Turkey, close to the border with Georgia. The district was centered in the eponymous settlement, at the present-day village Oğuzyolu, which, according to the medieval historical tradition, was one of the earliest centres of Christianity in Georgia. Ruins of Christian churches are found throughout the region. In modern Georgia, the name "Erusheti" is preserved as a designation of a mountainous range along the border with Turkey.
Alpine skiing at the 1936 Winter Olympics – Men's combined
The men's combined event was part of the alpine skiing programme at the 1936 Winter Olympics. It was the debut of alpine skiing at the Winter Olympics, and was the only men's event. The competition consisted of a downhill race on Friday, 7 February and two slalom heats on Sunday, 9 February.

Sixty-six alpine skiers from 21 nations competed. Notably absent were Austria and Switzerland.

12-hour clock
The 12-hour clock is a time convention in which the 24 hours of the day are divided into two periods: a.m. (from Latin ante meridiem, translating to "before midday") and p.m. (from Latin post meridiem, translating to "after midday"). Each period consists of 12 hours numbered: 12 (acting as 0), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11. The 12-hour clock has been developed since the second millennium BC and reached its modern form in the 16th century.

The 12-hour time convention is common in several English-speaking nations and former British colonies, as well as a few other countries. In English-speaking countries: "12 p.m." usually indicates noon, while "12 a.m." means midnight, but the reverse convention has also been used (see § Confusion at noon and midnight). "Noon" and "midnight" are unambiguous.
NGC 2890
NGC 2890 is a lenticular galaxy in the constellation of Hydra. Its velocity with respect to the cosmic microwave background is 5455 ± 37 km/s, which corresponds to a Hubble distance of 80.45 ± 5.67 Mpc (~263 million light-years). It was discovered by American astronomer Francis Leavenworth on 11 January 1886.

The SIMBAD database lists NGC 2890 as a Seyfert II Galaxy, i.e. it has a quasar-like nuclei with very high surface brightnesses whose spectra reveal strong, high-ionisation emission lines, but unlike quasars, the host galaxy is clearly detectable.

One supernova has been observed in NGC 2890: SN 2023xnl (Type Ia, mag 17.4931) was discovered by the Zwicky Transient Facility on 11 November 2023.

Lenticular galaxy
A lenticular galaxy (denoted S0) is a type of galaxy intermediate between an elliptical (denoted E) and a spiral galaxy in galaxy morphological classification schemes. It contains a large-scale disc but does not have large-scale spiral arms.  Lenticular galaxies are disc galaxies that have used up or lost most of their interstellar matter and therefore have very little ongoing star formation. They may, however, retain significant dust in their disks. As a result, they consist mainly of aging stars (like elliptical galaxies).  Despite the morphological differences, lenticular and elliptical galaxies share common properties like spectral features and scaling relations. Both can be considered early-type galaxies that are passively evolving, at least in the local part of the Universe.  Connecting the E galaxies with the S0 galaxies are the ES galaxies with intermediate-scale discs.