hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hamidids
The Hamidids (Modern Turkish: Hamidoğulları or Hamidoğulları Beyliği) was one of the Turkish beyliks in Anatolia during the 14th century. It emerged as a consequence of the decline of the Sultanate of Rum and ruled in the regions around Eğirdir and Isparta in southwestern Anatolia.

The Beylik was founded by Dündar Bey (also called Felek al-Din Bey), whose father Ilyas and grandfather Hamid had been frontier rulers under the Seljuks. Felek al- Din's brother Yunus Bey founded the Beylik of Teke centered in Antalya and Korkuteli, neighboring the Hamidid dynasty to the south. During the reign of Ottoman Sultan Murad I, the rulers of Hamit were persuaded to sell Akşehir and Beyşehir.

The Hamidid beylik was annexed by the Ottoman sultan Bayezid I in 1391. Their territory became the Ottoman Sanjak of Hamid, roughly corresponding to the present-day Isparta Province.

Isparta Province
Isparta Province (Turkish: Isparta ili) is a province in southwestern Turkey. Its adjacent provinces are Afyon to the northwest, Burdur to the southwest, Antalya to the south, and Konya to the east. Its area is 8,946 km2, and its population is 445,325 (2022). The provincial capital is Isparta.

The province is well known for producing apples, sour cherries, grapes, roses and rose products, and carpets. The best fertile lands are in Uluborlu. The province is situated in the Göller Bölgesi (Lakes Area) of Turkey's Mediterranean Region and has many freshwater lakes.
Fossil Mountain (Utah)
Fossil Mountain is a peak in the south end of the Confusion Range in Millard County, Utah. It is a well-known and popular location with rockhounds and fossil hunters because of the variety and abundance of Ordovician fossils found on it. Fossil Mountain has also been the site of paleontological research. Sedimentary strata of the Ely Springs Dolomite, Eureka Quartzite, Crystal Peak Dolomite, Watson Ranch Quartzite, and the highly fossiliferous upper Pogonip Group are exposed on it slopes and by its cliffs.

Confusion Range
The Confusion Range is a north-south trending mountain range in west-central Utah, United States.  It is bounded by Snake Valley to the west, Tule Valley to the east, the Great Salt Lake Desert to the north, and the Ferguson Desert to the south.  The range trends into the Burbank Hills, Mountain Home Range, and the Wah Wah Mountains to the south.  In the central part of the range, an offshoot of the mountains to the west is known as the Conger Range.  The Confusion Range is named for its "rugged isolation and confusing topography."

The highest peaks in the range are Conger Mountain 39°14′00″N 113°42′03″W﻿ / ﻿39.23328°N 113.700817°W﻿ / 39.23328; -113.700817, which is 7,713 feet tall, and King Top 38°54′36″N 113°31′47″W﻿ / ﻿38.910000°N 113.529666°W﻿ / 38.910000; -113.529666, which is 8,350 feet tall.
Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs v Rahmatullah
Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs v Yunus Rahmatullah [2012] UKSC 48 is a UK constitutional law case concerning the detention of Yunus Rahmatullah, a Pakistani citizen detained in Iraq, and later Afghanistan, who is alleged to have travelled to Iraq to fight for Al-Qaeda during the Second Iraq War.

Yunus Rahmatullah
Yunus Rahmatullah (born 27 October 1982) is a citizen of Pakistan arrested in Iraq by British forces in 2004 and then rendered to a US prison in Afghanistan where he was secretly held without charge or trial for at least seven years.

The legal charity Reprieve said: "Rahmatullah had been unable to contact his family or a lawyer and was in a legal black hole".

Rahmatullah's mother, Fatima, said: "Our family was shocked when we learnt that the British Government might have been behind Yunus's disappearance. My plea to the British Government is simple: Tell me whether you picked my son Yunus up, and gave him to the Americans. It is my basic right as a mother to know whether my son is still alive. I cannot bear further suspense. You have the power to help me recover my disappeared child."
Eine Chance/Zu Gangsta
"Eine Chance/Zu Gangsta" (German for "One chance"/"Too gangsta") is a double A-side single by the German rappers Bushido and Fler off their 2009 album Carlo Cokxxx Nutten 2. "Zu Gangsta" contains a short sample of Cassidy's "I'm a Hustla".

I'm a Hustla (song)
"I'm a Hustla" is a song by American rapper Cassidy released in the United States on February 28, 2005, as the lead single from his second studio album of the same name (2005). The song, which was produced by American musician Swizz Beatz, contains a vocal sample from "Dirt off Your Shoulder" as performed by American rapper Jay-Z. The song reached number 34 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart.

Several remixes have been produced, featuring various alternate guests including Joe Budden and Jay-Z, however the official remix features Mary J. Blige. Rapper Missy Elliott also made a freestyle version with DJ Khaled. In 2018, Beyoncé sampled "I'm a Hustla" for her Beychella performance.
Gautam Shah
Gautambhai Navalchand Shah is an Indian politician and was Mayor of Ahmedabad, a city in Indian state of Gujarat (2015–2018). He was elected as the 33rd mayor of the city and is affiliated with Bharatiya Janata Party. He is a Councillor from Naranpura ward in Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation and a businessman.

Amdavad Municipal Corporation
Amdavad Municipal Corporation (AMC) was established in July 1950 under the Bombay Provincial Corporation Act (1949) as Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation, and is responsible for the civic infrastructure and administration of the city of Ahmedabad.
NASSIM
NASSIM is a seventy five minute play by Nassim Soleimanpour that features new actors with no rehearsals performing each day, a format similar to Soleimanpour's prior play, White Rabbit Red Rabbit. When the actor opens the sealed envelope, it reveals the first page of the script, which eventually reunites them with the playwright, the one constant in each performance. Guest actor and playwright must navigate the boundaries, including the Persian language, throughout the performance's duration.

The show premiered in London, won the 2017 Fringe First Award at Edinburgh Fringe Festival and was performed in 20 countries in a 200-day span in 2018. It was produced Off-Broadway by Barrow Street Productions at New York City Center from December 12, 2018 – April 20, 2019. Among the actors who took a turn in the role were: Jelani Alladin, Guillermo Diaz, Will Eno, Marin Ireland, Tracy Letts, Alison Fraser, Michael Shannon, Phillipa Soo and Michael Urie.

Alison Fraser
Alison Fraser is an American actress, voice actress and singer who has appeared on Broadway, Off-Broadway, and in television and film. In concert, she has performed at such venues as Carnegie Hall, The White House, Town Hall, The Brooklyn Botanic Garden, The Tisch Center for the Arts, The Folger Shakespeare Library, The Wilma, The Emelin, Joe's Pub, 54 Below, and Symphony Space.
Hinava
Hinava is a traditional native dish of the Kadazan-Dusun people in the state of Sabah. It is made from fish and mixed with lime juice, bird's eye chili, sliced shallots and grated ginger. While the Kadazan are famous with their Hinava tongii.

Dish (food)
A dish in gastronomy is a specific food preparation, a "distinct article or variety of food", ready to eat or to be served.

A dish may be served on tableware, or may be eaten in one's hands.

Instructions and specific ingredients for preparing a dish are called recipes.

Some dishes, for example a hot dog with ketchup, rarely have their own recipes printed in cookbooks as they are made by simply combining two ready-to-eat foods.
Alexei Bogdanov (chemist and molecular biologist)
Alexei Alexeevich Bogdanov (born October 11, 1935, in Moscow) – Soviet and Russian chemist and molecular biologist, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences (since 1994); Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1984–1994). Professor and (from 1985 to 2010) head of the Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds at the Faculty of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU). Distinguished specialist in bioorganic chemistry and molecular biology who made fundamental contributions to understanding the structure and function of ribosomes, the interaction of nucleic acids with proteins, and the mechanisms of protein biosynthesis.

Federation of European Biochemical Societies
The Federation of the European Biochemical Societies (FEBS) is an international scientific society promoting activities in biochemistry, molecular biology and related research areas in Europe and neighbouring regions. It was founded in 1964 and includes over 35,000 members across 39 Constituent Societies.
Clutch hitter
A clutch hitter is a baseball player who is seemingly adept at getting a hit in high-pressure situations, i.e. in the clutch. This usually refers to getting a hit (particularly a home run) when the player's team is trailing late in a game and needs to score to tie or take the lead, especially if there are already two outs in the inning and/or the batter already has two strikes. That said, a clutch hit can occur at any point in the game if the circumstances are similarly high-stakes. Establishing a reputation as a clutch hitter is desirable for a player. Although clutch hits are recorded no differently than any other hit for statistical purposes, the notion that a player is more likely to produce clutch hits compared to other players can be advantageous in contract negotiations (especially in the modern free agency system).

Bill James
George William James (born October 5, 1949) is an American baseball writer, historian, and statistician whose work has been widely influential.  Since 1977, James has written more than two dozen books about baseball history and statistics. His approach, which he named sabermetrics after the Society for American Baseball Research (SABR), scientifically analyzes and studies baseball, often through the use of statistical data, in an attempt to determine why teams win and lose.

In 2006, Time named him in the Time 100 as one of the most influential people in the world. In 2003, James was hired as senior advisor on Baseball Operations for the Boston Red Sox and worked for the team for 17 years during which they won four World Series championships.
Kumaratunga cabinets
The Kumaratunga cabinet was the central government of Sri Lanka led by President Chandrika Kumaratunga between 1994 and 2005. It was formed in November 1994 when Kumaratunga was elected president and it ended in November 2005 when her second limited term ended. The Kumaratunga cabinet saw the only significant period of co-habitation in Sri Lanka since the executive presidency was introduced in 1978. Between 2001 and 2004 President Kumaratunga, leader of the Sri Lanka Freedom Party/People's Alliance, had to share power with her opponents, the United National Party/United National Front.

Term of office
A term of office, electoral term, or parliamentary term is the length of time a person serves in a particular elected office. In many jurisdictions there is a defined limit on how long terms of office may be before the officeholder must be subject to re-election. Some jurisdictions exercise term limits, setting a maximum number of terms an individual may hold in a particular office.
Moira Wallace
Moira Paul Wallace, OBE (born 15 August 1961) is a former British civil servant and academic administrator. She was Provost of Oriel College, Oxford, from 2013 to 2018. Until October 2012 she was the first Permanent Secretary of the Department of Energy and Climate Change, having moved from her role as Director General of the Crime Reduction and Community Safety Group the Home Office in November 2008.

Permanent secretary
A permanent secretary is the most senior civil servant of a department or ministry charged with running the department or ministry's day-to-day activities. Permanent secretaries are the non-political civil service chief executives of government departments or ministries, who generally hold their position for a number of years (thus "permanent") at a ministry as distinct from the changing political secretaries of state to whom they report and provide advice. The role originated in the civil service of the United Kingdom and has been adopted in several Commonwealth countries as well as other countries influenced by the Westminster system.
Teräväinen
Teräväinen or Teravainen, a surname of Finnish origin, can refer to:

Jeff Teravainen, Canadian actor

Kari Teräväinen, Finnish professional ice hockey player, who played for several teams, e.g. HPK and Vaasan Sport

Peter Teravainen, American professional golfer who most recently played in the European Seniors Tour

Teuvo Teräväinen, Finnish professional ice hockey player, currently playing for the Carolina Hurricanes of the National Hockey League.

Teuvo Teräväinen
Teuvo Henri Matias Teräväinen (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈteu̯ʋo ˈteræʋæi̯nen]; born 11 September 1994) is a Finnish professional ice hockey player who is a forward for the Chicago Blackhawks of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was selected in the first round, 18th overall, of the 2012 NHL entry draft by the Blackhawks after playing several seasons with the Jokerit organization in Finland. Also being drafted by the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL)'s Lokomotiv Yaroslavl in the 2011 KHL Junior Draft, he is known for his offensive abilities and play-making skills. In 2015, Teräväinen won a Stanley Cup as a member of the Blackhawks.
Tom Green County Courthouse
The Tom Green County Courthouse, at 100 W. Beauregard Ave. in San Angelo, Texas, is a Classical Revival courthouse with a monumental Corinthian column colonnades on two facades which was designed by architect Anton Korn and was built in 1928.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.

It has a full entablature and a high roof parapet.  A curtain wall of glazed glass behind the columns provides contrast.

It was listed on the National Register as part of the San Angelo Multiple Resources study.

The J. B. Blakeney House, also in San Angelo and designed by Anton Korn, was also listed on the National Register as part of that study.

Colonnade
In classical architecture, a colonnade is a long sequence of columns joined by their entablature, often free-standing, or part of a building. Paired or multiple pairs of columns are normally employed in a colonnade which can be straight or curved. The space enclosed may be covered or open. In St. Peter's Square in Rome, Bernini's great colonnade encloses a vast open elliptical space.

When in front of a building, screening the door (Latin porta), it is called a portico. When enclosing an open court, a peristyle. A portico may be more than one rank of columns deep, as at the Pantheon in Rome or the stoae of Ancient Greece.

When the intercolumniation is alternately wide and narrow, a colonnade may be termed "araeosystyle" (Gr. αραιος, "widely spaced", and συστυλος, "with columns set close together"), as in the case of the western porch of St Paul's Cathedral and the east front of the Louvre.
1982 All-Ireland Under-21 Football Championship
The 1982 All-Ireland Under-21 Football Championship was the 19th staging of the All-Ireland Under-21 Football Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1964.

Cork entered the championship as defending champions, however, they were defeated by Roscommon in the All-Ireland semi-final.

Donegal won the championship following an 0–8 to 0–5 defeat of Roscommon in the All-Ireland final. This was their fourth All-Ireland title overall and their second in successive seasons.

The following players won the Sam Maguire Cup with their county in 1992: Paul Carr, Matt Gallagher, Martin McHugh, Joyce McMullan, Sylvester Maguire, Anthony Molloy, Charlie Mulgrew and Donal Reid.

Roscommon GAA
The Roscommon County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) (Irish: Cumann Lúthchleas Gael, Coiste Chontae Ros Comáin) or Roscommon GAA is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland, and is responsible for Gaelic games in County Roscommon.

The county board is also responsible for the Roscommon county teams.

The county football team was the third from the province of Connacht to win an All-Ireland Senior Football Championship (SFC), following Galway and Mayo. It competes in the Connacht Senior Football Championship, which it has won 23 times. The team won back-to-back All-Ireland SFC titles in 1943 and 1944.
Geeta LL.B
Geeta LL.B. is an Indian Bengali language romantic thriller courtroom drama television series that premiered on 20 November 2023 and ended abruptly on 2nd October 2025 on Star Jalsha. The show was produced by Snehasish Chakraborty of Blues Productions and starred Hiya Mukherjee as Geeta and Kunal Shil as Swastik in lead roles.

Advocate
An advocate is a professional in the field of law. Different countries and legal systems use the term with somewhat differing meanings. The broad equivalent in many English law–based jurisdictions could be a barrister or a solicitor. However, in Scottish, Manx, South African, Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Scandinavian, Polish, Israeli, South Asian and South American jurisdictions, "advocate" indicates a lawyer of superior classification.

"Advocate" is in some languages an honorific for lawyers, such as "Adv. Sir Alberico Gentili". "Advocate" also has the everyday meaning of speaking out to help someone else, such as patient advocacy or the support expected from an elected politician; this article does not cover those senses.
Small nucleolar RNA snR53
In molecular biology,snoRNA snR53 is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.
snoRNA snR53 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.
snoRNA snR53 was initially discovered using a computational screen of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome.

Nucleolus
The nucleolus (/njuːˈkliːələs, ˌnjuːkliˈoʊləs/; pl.: nucleoli /-laɪ/) is the largest structure in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is best known as the site of ribosome biogenesis. The nucleolus also participates in the formation of signal recognition particles and plays a role in the cell's response to stress. Nucleoli are made of proteins, DNA and RNA, and form around specific chromosomal regions called nucleolar organizing regions.  Malfunction of the nucleolus is the cause of several human conditions called "nucleolopathies" and the nucleolus is being investigated as a target for cancer chemotherapy.
New York State College of Forestry at Cornell University
The New York State College of Forestry at Cornell University was a statutory college established in 1898 at Cornell University to teach scientific forestry. The first four-year college of forestry in the country, it was defunded by the State of New York in 1903, over controversies involving the college's forestry practices in the Adirondacks. Forestry studies continued at Cornell even after the college's closing.

Louis Agassiz Fuertes
Louis Agassiz Fuertes (February 7, 1874 – August 22, 1927) was an American ornithologist, illustrator and artist who set the rigorous and current-day standards for ornithological art and naturalist depiction and is considered one of the most prolific American bird artists, second only to his guiding professional predecessor John James Audubon.
Cookies: Bite-Size Life Lessons
Children's literature portal

Cookies: Bite-Size Life Lessons is a 2006 picture book by Amy Krouse Rosenthal intended to communicate life skills. Jane Dyer, who had previously illustrated Mem Fox's Time for Bed, illustrated Cookies with watercolor paintings of scenes such as picnics and old-fashioned kitchens. The book uses situations relating to cookies as a pretext for defining a variety of traits. Cookies is appropriate for children ages 4 to 8. The book made The New York Times Best Seller list. In The Winners! Handbook: A Closer Look at Judy Freeman's Top-rated Children's Books of 2006, Freeman describes Cookies as "old-fashioned sweet, without being cloying or didactic". In 2008, Rosenthal and Dyer released a sequel called Christmas Cookies: Bite-Size Holiday Lessons.

Life skills
Life skills are abilities for adaptive and positive behavior that enable humans to deal effectively with the demands and challenges of life. This concept is also termed as psychosocial competency. The subject varies greatly depending on social norms and community expectations but skills that function for well-being and aid individuals to develop into active and productive members of their communities are considered as life skills.
Esteban Grimalt
Esteban Mauricio Grimalt Fuster (born 9 January 1991) is a Chilean Olympic beach volleyball player.

His greatest achievements are Gold in the South American Circut of Viña del Mar 2009, Gold in the Continental Tour Paraguay 2013, Gold in Continental Tour Bolivia 2013, Gold in Continental Tour Perú 2014, and Silver in the 2014 South American Games. He classified for the 2016 Olympics in Rio de Janeiro with his cousin Marco Grimalt and received Gold in the 2019 Panamerican Games.

He represented Chile at the 2020 Summer Olympics.

2014 South American Games
The 2014 South American Games was a multi-sport event that took place in Santiago, Chile. It was the 10th edition of the ODESUR South American Games. Santiago hosted this event for the second time, the first being in 1986. Most of the events took place in and around the National Stadium. The games were held between March 7 to 18.
Maureen Baginski
Maureen A. Baginski is a former Signals Intelligence (SIGINT) director at the National Security Agency (NSA), and executive assistant director of intelligence at the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).

Signals intelligence
Signals intelligence (SIGINT) is the act and field of intelligence-gathering by interception of signals, whether communications between people (communications intelligence—abbreviated to COMINT) or from electronic signals not directly used in communication (electronic intelligence—abbreviated to ELINT). As classified and sensitive information is usually encrypted, signals intelligence may necessarily involve cryptanalysis (to decipher the messages). Traffic analysis—the study of who is signaling to whom and in what quantity—is also used to integrate information, and it may complement cryptanalysis.
Nina Hasvoll
Nina Hasvoll (née Hackel, May 25, 1910 – December 19, 1999), surname also Hasvold and Hasvold Meyer, was a Russian–Norwegian psychoanalyst. She headed the Jewish Children's Home in Oslo during the Second World War, and she escaped to Sweden in 1942 with 14 children. The orphanage and the escape inspired the 1958 film I slik en natt by Sigval Maartmann-Moe and the 2015 film Ninas barn by Nina Grünfeld.

German occupation of Norway
The occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany during the Second World War began on 9 April 1940 after Operation Weserübung. Conventional armed resistance to the German invasion ended on 10 June 1940, and Nazi Germany controlled Norway until the capitulation of German forces in Europe on 8 May 1945. Throughout this period, a pro-German government named Den nasjonale regjering ('the National Government') ruled Norway, while the Norwegian king Haakon VII and the prewar government escaped to London, where they formed a government in exile. Civil rule was effectively assumed by the Reichskommissariat Norwegen (Reich Commissariat of Norway), which acted in collaboration with the pro-German puppet government. This period of military occupation is, in Norway, referred to as the "war years", "occupation period" or simply "the war".