hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Whet Mead
Whet Mead, usually styled as Whetmead, is a 10.1 hectare Local Nature Reserve in Witham in Essex. It is owned by Braintree District Council and managed by Witham Town Council.

This site was formerly a rubbish tip, and before that a sewage works. Most of it is grassland with many different flowering plants, and a range of butterflies, dragonflies and seed-eating birds. Mammals include wood mice, bank voles and pygmy shrews. There is also scrub and young woodland. The River Brain runs along the southern boundary, meeting the River Blackwater in the south-east corner.

The only access to the site is from Blackwater Lane, off Maldon Road.

Local nature reserve
Local nature reserve (LNR) is a statutory designation for certain nature reserves in Great Britain. The Wild Life Conservation Special Committee established them and proposed a national suite of protected areas comprising national nature reserves, conservation areas (which incorporated suggestions for Sites of Special Scientific Interest), national parks, geological monuments, local nature reserves and local educational nature reserves.

There are now over 1,280 LNRs in England, covering almost 40,000 hectares, which range from windswept coastal headlands and ancient woodlands to former inner city railways and long abandoned landfill sites.
Jagdstaffel 83
Royal Prussian Jagdstaffel 83, commonly abbreviated to Jasta 83, was a "hunting group" (i.e., fighter squadron) of the Luftstreitkräfte, the air arm of the Imperial German Army during World War I. Kampfeinsitzerstaffel 3, the predecessor to the squadron would score nine aerial victories during the war. Kest 3's victories came at the expense of two pilots killed in action and one wounded in action.

Luftstreitkräfte
The Deutsche Luftstreitkräfte (German: [ˈdɔʏtʃə ˈlʊftˌʃtʁaɪtkʁɛftə], German Air Combat Forces) – known before October 1916 as Die Fliegertruppen des deutschen Kaiserreiches (The Imperial German Air Service, lit. "The flying troops of the German Imperial Realm") – was the air arm of the Imperial German Army. In English-language sources it is usually referred to as the Imperial German Air Service, although that is not a literal translation of either name. German naval aviators of the Marine-Fliegerabteilung were an integral part of the Imperial German Navy (Kaiserliche Marine). Both military branches operated aeroplanes, observation balloons and airships.
Han (NW Zhou state)
Han was a minor Chinese state under the Zhou dynasty. It was centered on present-day Hancheng in Shaanxi and Hejin in Shanxi. The state was created for a son—known only as the "Marquess of Han" (韓侯)—of the King Wu of Zhou in the 11th century BC. The rulers held the rank of marquess and ancestral name of Ji (姬). Han was conquered by the Jin and enfeoffed to Wuzi of Han, a descendant of the Marquis Mu of Jin, in the 8th century BC.

Hancheng
Hancheng (simplified Chinese: 韩城; traditional Chinese: 韓城; pinyin: Hánchéng) is a city in Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China, about 125 miles northeast of Xi'an, at the point where the south-flowing Yellow River enters the Guanzhong Plain. It is a renowned historic city, containing numerous historic mansions and streets as well as over 140 protected historical sites that range from the Tang to the Qing dynasties. As of 2005, it has a population of around 385,000 people.
Siege of Massilia (413)
The siege of Massilia was made by the Visigoths against the Roman city of Massilia, Gallia Narbonensis in 413. Campaigning in southern Gaul, the Visigothic king Ataulf had taken Toulouse and Narbonne and laid siege of Massilia. The city was defended by the capable Roman general Bonifacius. Ataulf failed to take Massilia, and later made peace with Emperor Honorius. Marrying Honorius' sister Galla Placidia. Ataulf was thereafter sent to recover Hispania for the empire.

Narbonne
Narbonne (/nɑːrˈbɒn/ nar-BON, US also /-ˈbɔːn, -ˈbʌn/ -⁠BAWN, -⁠BUN, French: [naʁbɔn] ⓘ; Occitan: Narbona [naɾˈβunɔ]; Latin: Narbo [ˈna(ː)rboː]; Late Latin: Narbona) is a commune and subprefecture in Southern France, located in the Occitanie region. It is located about 15 km (9 mi) from the shores of the Mediterranean Sea and was historically a prosperous port city. Narbonne lies 849 km (528 mi) from Paris in the Aude department, of which it is an arrondissement. From the 14th century onwards, it declined following a change in the course of the river Aude. While it is the largest commune in Aude, the capital of the Aude department is the smaller commune of Carcassonne.
Vacant Lot of Cabbages
The Vacant Lot of Cabbages (known colloquially as "The Cabbage Patch") was an art intervention by artist Barry Thomas in Wellington. On 4 January 1978, Thomas planted 150 cabbage seedlings spelling the word "CABBAGE" on an empty site. It was an early Guerrilla vegetable garden, planted on a derelict, demolished, building site at the central city intersection of Manners St and Willis St. The art occupation lasted for nearly six months and involved many other artists, architects, performers, schools, the Commission for the Environment, Wellington City Council, QEII Arts Council, and green groups with significant engagement from the citizens of Wellington. After many spontaneous events and headlines, Thomas and collaborators completed the installation with a week-long festival.

Wellington City Council
Wellington City Council is a territorial authority in New Zealand, governing the city of Wellington, the country's capital city and third-largest city by population, behind Auckland and Christchurch. It consists of the central historic town and certain additional areas within the Wellington metropolitan area, extending as far north as Linden and covering rural areas such as Mākara and Ohariu. The city adjoins Porirua in the north and Hutt City in the north-east. It is one of nine territorial authorities in the Wellington Region.

The council represents a population of 210,800 as of June 2025 and consists of a mayor and fifteen councillors elected from six wards (Northern, Onslow-Western, Lambton, Eastern, Southern general wards and Te Whanganui-a-Tara Māori ward). It administers public works, sanitation, land use and building consents, among other local services. The council has used the marketing slogan "Absolutely Positively Wellington" in an official capacity since the early 1990s.
Team CGW
Team CGW, short for Team Comics' Greatest World, is the group of five creators of the Comics' Greatest World line for Dark Horse Comics.

The members are:

Mike Richardson, Dark Horse Comics' Publisher

Randy Stradley, creative director

Barbara Kesel, managing editor

Jerry Prosser, editorial coordinator

Chris Warner, explained editor/designer

With the exception of Richardson, who wrote the 1 page prologue at the beginning of each issue, each of the members wrote one of the four environment introductions: Stradley wrote The Vortex, Kesel wrote Golden City, Prosser wrote Arcadia, and Warner wrote Steel Harbor and penciled Arcadia Week 1 and Steel Harbor Week 3.  Warner was also the Steel Harbor Week 3 cover artist.

Randy Stradley
Randy Stradley (born March 4, 1956) is an American comic book writer and editor, who spent 35 years in an executive position at Dark Horse Comics. He has written under pseudonyms Mick Harrison and Welles Hartley.
LeRoy Heminger
LeRoy Frederich Heminger (May 31, 1914 – March 27, 1977) was an American football coach and college athletics administrator. He served as the head football coach at Shurtleff College in Alton, Illinois from 1946 to 1948 and Franklin College in Franklin, Indiana from 1949 to 1952. Heminger was the athletic director at Paoli High School in Paoli, Indiana from 1938 until 1941, when he was hired by Shurtleff College. He also coached basketball and track at Shurtleff before he was hired in 1949 by Franklin College to coach football, baseball, and golf.

Heminger was a graduate of Peru High School and Franklin College. He died on March 27, 1977, at Johnson Country Memorial Hospital in Franklin.

Hemminger served in the United States Navy and became a lieutenant (junior grade).

Franklin College (Indiana)
Franklin College is a private liberal arts college in Franklin, Indiana. It was founded in 1834 and has a wooded campus spanning 207 acres (84 ha) including athletic fields and a 31-acre (13 ha) biology woodland. The college offers its approximately 1,000 students Bachelor of Arts degrees in 49 majors from 25 academic disciplines, 43 minors, 11 pre-professional programs, and 5 cooperative programs. The college also offers a Master of Science in Athletic Training and a Master of Science in Physician Assistant Studies.  In 1842, the college began admitting women, becoming the first coeducational institution in Indiana and the seventh in the nation. Franklin College has historically maintained an affiliation with the American Baptist Churches USA.
Al-Ittihad SC Aleppo (men's basketball)
Al-Ittihad Ahli of Aleppo (Arabic: الاتحاد أهلي حلب) is a major professional basketball club. It is a part of the Al-Ittihad Sports Club, which is based in Aleppo, Syria. Al-Ittihad is the second most titled basketball club with 17 Syrian League titles and 10 Syrian Cups one of the most successful basketball clubs in Syria. Al-Ahli was founded in 1951, two years after the founding of the multi-sport club and the football team.

Al-Asad Sports Arena
Al-Shaba Sports Arena (Arabic: صالة الأسد الرياضية) is the 2nd largest indoor sports hall in Aleppo, Syria. With a seating capacity of 3,500 spectators, the arena is designated to host basketball, handball and volleyball matches. Al-Assad Sports Arena is located in the central al-Jamiliyah district of Aleppo. It is the regular home of the domestic basketball competitions.

The construction of the arena was launched in 1968. However, the process was delayed several times due to political instability and the 1973 war with Israel. Finally, in 1978, the construction was completed and the arena was opened to host the matches of the Syrian Basketball League.

Al-Assad Sports Arena is owned by the Government of Syria. It is operated by the Aleppo directorate of the Ministry of Education.
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 24
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 24 Computer graphics, image processing and environmental data representation is a standardization subcommittee of the joint subcommittee ISO/IEC JTC 1 of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), which develops and facilitates standards within the field of computer graphics, image processing, and environmental data representation. The international secretariat of ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 24 is the British Standards Institute (BSI) located in the United Kingdom.

Digital image processing
Digital image processing is the use of a digital computer to process digital images through an algorithm. As a subcategory or field of digital signal processing, digital image processing has many advantages over analog image processing. It allows a much wider range of algorithms to be applied to the input data and can avoid problems such as the build-up of noise and distortion during processing. Since images are defined over two dimensions (perhaps more), digital image processing may be modeled in the form of multidimensional systems. The generation and development of digital image processing are mainly affected by three factors: first, the development of computers; second, the development of mathematics (especially the creation and improvement of discrete mathematics theory); and third, the demand for a wide range of applications in environment, agriculture, military, industry and medical science has increased.
Écardenville-sur-Eure
Écardenville-sur-Eure (French pronunciation: [ekaʁdɑ̃vil syʁ œʁ], literally Écardenville on Eure) is a former commune in the Eure department in northern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Clef-Vallée-d'Eure.

Eure (river)
The Eure (English: /ɜːr/ ur; French pronunciation: [œʁ] ⓘ) is a river between Normandy and Centre-Val de Loire in north-western France, left tributary of the Seine. It is 229 km (142 mi) long. It rises at Marchainville in the Orne department and joins the Seine near Pont-de-l'Arche. Two departments are named after the Eure, namely Eure and Eure-et-Loir.

Places along the river:

Orne (61): Marchainville, La Lande-sur-Eure, Neuilly-sur-Eure.

Eure-et-Loir (28): Courville-sur-Eure, Saint-Georges-sur-Eure, Fontenay-sur-Eure, Chartres, Saint-Prest, Maintenon, Nogent-le-Roi, Mézières-en-Drouais, Cherisy, Anet.

Eure (27): Évreux, Ivry-la-Bataille, Garennes-sur-Eure, Bueil, Merey, Pacy-sur-Eure, Ménilles, Chambray, Croisy-sur-Eure, Autheuil-Authouillet, Acquigny, Louviers, Le Vaudreuil, Val de Reuil, Pont-de-l'Arche, Martot.

Its main tributaries are the Avre, the Iton and the Blaise from the left and the Voise, the Drouette and the Vesgre from the right.
1979–1980 Massachusetts legislature
The 171st Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1979 and 1980 during the governorship of Edward J. King. William Bulger served as president of the Senate and Thomas W. McGee served as speaker of the House. In 1980, the General Court voted to establish the Massachusetts Board of Regents of Higher Education with the authority to consolidate resources for public higher education in the state.

Massachusetts Senate
The Massachusetts Senate is the upper house of the Massachusetts General Court, the bicameral state legislature of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The Senate comprises 40 elected members from 40 single-member senatorial districts in the state. All but one of the districts are named for the counties in which they are located (the "Cape and Islands" district covers Dukes, Nantucket, and parts of Barnstable counties). Senators serve two-year terms, without term limits. The Senate convenes in the Massachusetts State House in Boston, the state capital.
Badger Creek, Victoria
Badger Creek is a suburb of Healesville in Victoria, Australia, 53 km north-east from Melbourne's central business district, located within the Shire of Yarra Ranges local government area. Badger Creek recorded a population of 1,610 at the 2021 census.

Badger Creek is near the Healesville Sanctuary and the former Aboriginal reserve, Coranderrk, now known as the Coranderrk Bushland.

Aboriginal reserve
An Aboriginal reserve, also called simply reserve, was a government-sanctioned settlement for Aboriginal Australians, created under various state and federal legislation. Along with missions and other institutions, they were used from the 19th century to the 1960s to keep Aboriginal people separate from the white Australian population. The governments passed laws related to such reserves that gave them much power over all aspects of Aboriginal people’s lives.

Protectors of Aborigines and (later) Aboriginal Protection Boards were appointed to look after the interests of the Aboriginal people.
Marvel Universe Cards
Marvel Universe Cards are collectible trading cards based on the characters and events of the Marvel Universe.

The first series was published by Impel in 1990. The cards featured categories such as Super Heroes, Super Villains, Rookies, Famous Battles and Team Pictures. Two years later, Impel negotiated with DC Comics to publish DC Cosmic Cards.

Collectable
A collectable, collectible, or collector's item is any object regarded as being of value or interest to a collector. Collectable items are not necessarily monetarily valuable or uncommon. There are numerous types of collectables and terms to denote those types. An antique is a collectable that is old. A curio is something deemed unique, uncommon, or weird, such as a decorative item. A manufactured collectable is an item made specifically for people to collect.
Chornyi Ostriv, Lviv Oblast
Chornyi Ostriv  (Ukrainian: Чорний Острів) is a village in Stryi Raion, Lviv Oblast, Ukraine. The village has 636 inhabitants (2025).

There is a railway stop, Chornyi Ostriv, located nearby on the Lviv-Chernivtsi line.

In the Second Polish Republic, the town was the seat of the rural commune of Ostrów in the Bóbre County (Lviv Province).

Lviv Oblast
Lviv Oblast (Ukrainian: Львівська область, romanized: Lvivska oblast, IPA: [ˈlʲwiu̯sʲkɐ ˈɔblɐsʲtʲ]), also referred to as Lvivshchyna (Ukrainian: Львівщина, IPA: [ˈlʲwiu̯ʃtʃɪnɐ]), is an oblast in western Ukraine. The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Lviv. The current population is 2,478,133 (2022 estimate).
Golden Noble
Golden Noble is an old English cultivar of domesticated apple, which is especially used as a cooking apple, since it is resulting in a sweetish puree when cooked and is a good choice for apple sauce.

The fruits of this cultivar are light green and turn yellow gold with ripeness and are very juicy, making it also a good choice for apple cider of a balanced tart and sweet taste. It is considered of good taste by those who choose to eat them fresh.

It was initially discovered, as a chance seedling near Downham Market, Norfolk, by Patrick Flanagan, head gardener for Sir Thomas Hare of Stow Bardolph Hall. He presented it in 1820 to the Horticultural Society of London.

This tree is specializing for gardening, having a neat and tidy growing habit, and producing beautiful flowers. It have earned the Award of Garden Merit by the Royal Horticultural Society in 1993. Sugar 12%, acid 18g/litre, vitamin C 24mg/100g.

It is an ancestor for the Edward VII apple.

Stow Bardolph
Stow Bardolph, sometimes simply referred to as Stow, is an estate and civil parish in the English county of Norfolk, lying between King's Lynn and Downham Market on the A10.

It covers an area of 6,100 acres (2,500 ha) and had a population of 1,014 in 421 households at the 2001 census, the population increasing to 1,230 at the 2011 census. For the purposes of local government, it falls within the district of King's Lynn and West Norfolk. The parish includes Stowbridge and Barroway Drove.
Robbins algebra
In abstract algebra, a Robbins algebra is an algebra containing a single binary operation  and a single unary operation  that satisfy the following axioms:

For all elements a, b, and c:

Associativity:

Commutativity:

Robbins equation:

For many years, it was conjectured, but unproven, that all Robbins algebras are Boolean algebras. This was proved by William McCune in 1997, so the term "Robbins algebra" is now simply a synonym for "Boolean algebra".

Commutative property
In mathematics, a binary operation is commutative if changing the order of the operands does not change the result. It is a fundamental property of many binary operations, and many mathematical proofs depend on it. Perhaps most familiar as a property of arithmetic, e.g. "3 + 4 = 4 + 3" or "2 × 5 = 5 × 2", the property can also be used in more advanced settings. The name is needed because there are operations, such as division and subtraction, that do not have it (for example, "3 − 5 ≠ 5 − 3"); such operations are not commutative, and so are referred to as noncommutative operations.

The idea that simple operations, such as the multiplication and addition of numbers, are commutative was for many centuries implicitly assumed. Thus, this property was not named until the 19th century, when new algebraic structures started to be studied.
Montague Browne
Henry Montague Browne (3 October 1799 – 24 November 1884) was the Dean of Lismore from 1850 to 1884.

He was the second son of James Browne, 2nd Baron Kilmaine. He began his ecclesiastical career with a curacy at Christ Church Cathedral, Waterford. After that he was Rector of Shanrahan then Clonmel.

Clonmel
Clonmel (Irish: Cluain Meala, meaning 'honey meadow') is the county town and largest settlement of County Tipperary, Ireland. The town is noted in Irish history for its resistance to the Cromwellian army which sacked the towns of Drogheda and Wexford. With the exception of the townland of Suir Island, most of the borough is situated in the civil parish of "St Mary's" which is part of the ancient barony of Iffa and Offa East.
Neocorodes
Neocorodes is a genus of moth in the family Lecithoceridae. It contains the species Neocorodes amnesta which is found on Cyprus.

The wingspan is about 10 mm. The forewings are light fuscous irrorated dark fuscous. The discal stigmata forming small cloudy dark fuscous spots. The hindwings are grey.

Lecithoceridae
The Lecithoceridae, or long-horned moths, are a family of small moths described by Simon Le Marchand in 1947. Although lecithocerids are found throughout the world, the great majority are found in the Indomalayan realm and the southern part of the Palaearctic realm.
Magda Plateau
The Magda Plateau is an uninhabited plain in Qikiqtaaluk, Nunavut, Canada.  It is located in the southern area of Baffin Island's the Borden Peninsula.  The plateau's river valleys traverse over scarps and flat-topped hills. Though part of the peninsula is within Sirmilik National Park, the plateau is outside of its boundaries, to the southwest.

The plateau is characterized as being of clay with components of gravel, gneiss pebbles, alluvial deposits.   It is bordered on its northern end by steep mountains with the highest elevation approximately 1,300 ft (400 m). Flora includes Eriophorum.

Eriophorum
Eriophorum (cottongrass, cotton-grass or cottonsedge) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Cyperaceae, the sedge family. They are found in the cool temperate, alpine, and Arctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere, primarily in the middle latitudes of North America, Europe, and Asia.
Tadashi Yamamoto (athlete)
Tadashi Yamamoto (Japanese: 山本 忠司, Hepburn: Yamamoto Tadashi; 25 November 1925 – 28 July 1998) was a Japanese athlete and architect. He competed in the men's triple jump at the 1952 Summer Olympics. He later became a prominent architect.

Athletics at the 1952 Summer Olympics – Men's triple jump
The men's triple jump at the 1952 Olympic Games took place on 23 July at the Helsinki Olympic Stadium. Thirty-five athletes from 23 nations competed. The maximum number of athletes per nation had been set at 3 since the 1930 Olympic Congress. Brazilian athlete Adhemar da Silva won the gold medal, breaking the world record twice. It was Brazil's first medal and first victory in the men's long jump. All three of the nations represented on the podium were relatively new to the event in the Olympics; Brazil had sent triple jumpers in 1948 (including da Silva), but the Soviet Union (Leonid Shcherbakov's silver) and Venezuela (Asnoldo Devonish's bronze) each won medals in their first appearance.
William Smith (patriot)
William Smith (December 1, 1746 – September 3, 1787) was a captain of the minutemen of Lincoln, Province of Massachusetts Bay, during the battles of Lexington and Concord, which began the American Revolutionary War.

Smith's home, today known as the Captain William Smith House, still stands on North County Road, beside Battle Road, in Minute Man National Historical Park. It was there, in the early hours of April 19, 1775, that he was alerted to the impending passage of British troops en route to nearby Concord.

Lincoln, Massachusetts
Lincoln is a town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 7,014 according to the 2020 United States census, including residents of Hanscom Air Force Base who live within town limits. The town, located in the MetroWest region of Boston's suburbs, has a large amount of colonial history and a sizeable amount of public conservation land.
Alberta Railway Museum
The Alberta Railway Museum (reporting mark ARM) is a railway museum in the north end of Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. It houses a collection of railway equipment and buildings and has locomotives from both the Canadian National Railways (CNR) and Northern Alberta Railways (NAR).

Northern Alberta Railways
Northern Alberta Railways (reporting mark NAR) was a Canadian railway which served northern Alberta and northeastern British Columbia.  Jointly owned by both Canadian National Railway and Canadian Pacific Railway, NAR existed as a separate company from 1929 until 1981.