hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Islam Khan V
Islam Khan V (died 21 Safar 1147 AH/1734 AD) was one of the prominent Emirs and noblemen during the Mughal Empire. He was titled "Islam Khan" and "Barkhurdar Khan" by Emperor Bahadur Shah I and held many important posts during the successive rules of Bahadur Shah I, Jahandar Shah, Farrukhsiyar, Rafi ud Darajat, Shah Jahan II and Muhammad Shah.

Shah Jahan II
Shah Jahan II (Persian: شاه جهان دوم, Persian pronunciation: [ʃɑːh d͡ʒa.ˈhɑːn]; June 1696 – 17 September 1719), born Mirza Rafi-ud-Daulah (Persian: رفیع الدوله), was briefly the twelfth Mughal emperor in 1719.

After being chosen by the Sayyid brothers, he succeeded figurehead emperor Rafi-ud-Darajat on 6 June 1719. Shah Jahan II also served as a figurehead to the Sayyid brothers and would serve as emperor until his death from tuberculosis on 17 September 1719.
Słupcza
Słupcza [ˈswupt͡ʂa] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dwikozy, within Sandomierz County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) north-east of Dwikozy, 10 km (6 mi) north-east of Sandomierz, and 86 km (53 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.

During the January Uprising, on 8 February 1863, the Battle of Słupcza was fought nearby between Polish insurgents and Russian troops.

Dwikozy
Dwikozy [dviˈkɔzɨ] is a village in Sandomierz County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Dwikozy. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) north-east of Sandomierz and 84 km (52 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.

In 1938, a large food processing plant was built in Dwikozy, as part of Polish Central Industrial Area. The plant still exists, producing jams, juices, marmalades and paste.
Walter Rheinschild
Walter Meadowfield Rheinschild (September 26, 1884 – October 3, 1960), known also by the nicknames "Rheiny" and "Rhino", was an American football player and coach.  He played for the University of Michigan in 1904, 1905, and 1907, and was once "rated as the highest salaried amateur athlete in the business."  He later coached for Washington State University in 1908, St. Vincent's College (now known as Loyola Marymount University) in 1909, Throop College (now known as California Institute of Technology) in 1913, and Occidental College in 1917.

1905 Michigan Wolverines football team
The 1905 Michigan Wolverines football team represented the University of Michigan in the 1905 Western Conference football season. The team's head football coach was Fielding H. Yost. The Wolverines played their home games at Regents Field. After winning the first 12 games of the season by a combined score of 495–0, the team lost the final game of the season by a score of 2–0 against the Chicago Maroons.
Fifth year
Fifth Year refers to the fifth year of schooling in secondary schools in Scotland and Ireland. It was also the traditional term for the same year group in England and Wales, until about 1990 when most schools replaced it with Year Eleven and Year Twelve. It is also equivalent to 11th grade.

Year 12
Year 12 is an educational year group in schools in many countries including England, Wales, Northern Ireland, Australia and New Zealand. It is sometimes the twelfth or thirteenth year of compulsory education, or alternatively a year of post-compulsory education. It usually incorporates students aged between 16 and 18, depending on the locality. It is also known as "senior year" in parts of Australia, where it is the final year of compulsory education. Year Twelve in England and Wales, and in New Zealand, is the equivalent of Eleventh grade, junior year, or grade 11 in the US and parts of Canada.
Special road
A special road is a road or highway (these terms have different meaning in different jurisdictions in the UK) in the United Kingdom reserved for use by special classes of traffic; such roads include but are not limited to motorways. For a road to be designated a special road, the status must in England and Wales be provided by a scheme under the Highways Act 1980; in Scotland special roads are provided for in the Roads (Scotland) Act 1984; in Northern Ireland, legislation commenced with the Special Roads Act (Northern Ireland) 1963 (c. 12 (N.I.)).

Highways Act 1980
The Highways Act 1980 (c. 66) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom dealing with the management and operation of the road network in England and Wales. It consolidated with amendments several earlier pieces of legislation. Many amendments relate only to changes of highway authority, to include new unitary councils and national parks. By virtue of the Local Government (Wales) Act 1994 and the Environment Act 1995, most references to local authority are taken to also include Welsh councils and national park authorities.

By virtue of the National Assembly for Wales (Transfer of Functions) Order 1999 most references to 'the Minister' are taken to include the Senedd. The act is split into 14 parts covering 345 sections, it also includes 25 schedules.
1988–89 Huddersfield Town A.F.C. season
Huddersfield Town's 1988–89 campaign was a fairly unsuccessful campaign following the disastrous relegation the previous season. Under the leadership of former Ireland manager Eoin Hand, a disastrous end to the season saw Town finish 14th, just 6 points and 7 places above the relegation zone, despited the 33 goals from Craig Maskell.

Craig Maskell
Craig Dell Maskell (born 10 April 1968) is an English football coach and former footballer.

As a player, he was a centre forward who notably played in the Premier League for Southampton. He also played in the Football League for Huddersfield Town, Reading, Swindon Town, Brighton & Hove Albion and Leyton Orient, later playing at non-league level for  Happy Valley, Hampton & Richmond Borough and Aylesbury United. He would both play and manage Staines Town from 2003 until 2012.
Takbirut Tashreeq
Takbir-e-Tashreeq is the recitation of Takbir during the period of tashriq. It is practiced by Muslims from the time of the morning prayer on the 9th day of the month of Dhul Hijjah until after the afternoon prayer on the 13th day of Dhul Hijjah (before entrance of the dusk prayer). The 9th is the day of Arafah, the 10th is the first day of Eid al-Adha, and the period from the 11th to the 13th of Dhul Hijjah are the 2nd to 4th days of Eid referred to as days of tashriq. During the period of Eid fasting is not permitted. Scholars differ whether Takbir at-Tashreeq is compulsory or highly encouraged, there is also disagreement over the wording to be used.

Takbir
The takbīr (Arabic: تَكْبِير [tak.biːr], lit. 'magnification [of God]') is the name for the Arabic phrase Allāhu ʾAkbar (Arabic: اللّٰهُ أَكْبَر [ʔaɫ.ɫaː.hu ʔak.bar] ⓘ, lit. 'God is the greatest [of everything]').

It is a common Arabic expression, used in various contexts by Muslims around the world: in formal salah (prayer), in the adhan (Islamic call to prayer), in Hajj, as an informal expression of faith, in times of distress or joy, or to express resolute determination or defiance. The phrase is the official motto of Iran and Iraq. It is also used by Orthodox Arab Christians as an expression of faith.
DHN Food Distributors Ltd v Tower Hamlets LBC
DHN Food Distributors Ltd v Tower Hamlets London Borough Council [1976] 1 WLR 852 is a UK company law case where, on the basis that a company should be compensated for loss of its business under a compulsory acquisition order, a group was recognised as a single economic entity. It stands as a liberal example of when UK courts may lift the veil of incorporation of a company.

The decision was, however, doubted in Woolfson v Strathclyde Regional Council and qualified in Adams v Cape Industries plc.

Binions v Evans
Binions v Evans [1972] EWCA Civ 6 is an English land law and English trusts law case, concerning a constructive trust of land (a home) which will often be irrevocable whilst the occupier is in occupation as opposed to a licence to occupy — and/or a tenancy at will which is similar save that without transfer of the underlying property it can be revoked without cause. The case hinged on the fact there was an agreement specifying the existing occupier was to remain.

Bannister v Bannister (1948) 2 All ER 133 was followed and approved.
Quadratic mean diameter
In forestry, quadratic mean diameter or QMD is a measure of central tendency which is considered more appropriate than arithmetic mean for characterizing the group of trees which have been measured. For n trees, QMD is calculated using the quadratic mean formula:

where  is the diameter at breast height of the ith tree. Compared to the arithmetic mean, QMD assigns greater weight to larger trees – QMD is always greater than or equal to arithmetic mean for a given set of trees.  QMD can be used in timber cruises to estimate the standing volume of timber in a forest, because it has the practical advantage of being directly related to basal area, which in turn is directly related to volume.
QMD can also be calculated as:

where BA is stand basal area, n is the number of trees, and k is a constant based on measurement units - for BA in ft2 and QMD in inches, k=0.005454; for BA in m2 and QMD in cm, k=0.00007854.

Diameter at breast height
Diameter at breast height, or DBH, is a standard method of expressing the diameter of the trunk or bole of a standing tree. DBH is one of the most common dendrometric measurements.

Tree trunks are measured at the height of an adult's breast, which is defined differently in different countries and situations. In many countries, DBH is measured at approximately 1.3 m (4.3 ft) above ground.
Riding the California Trail
Riding the California Trail is a 1947 American Western film directed by William Nigh and written by Clarence Upson Young. The film stars Gilbert Roland as the Cisco Kid, Martin Garralaga, Frank Yaconelli, Teala Loring, Inez Cooper and Ted Hecht. The film was released on January 11, 1947, by Monogram Pictures.

Monogram Pictures
Monogram Pictures Corporation was an American film studio that produced mostly low-budget films between 1931 and 1953, when the firm completed a transition to the name Allied Artists Pictures Corporation. Monogram was among the minor studios in the golden age of Hollywood, generally referred to collectively as Poverty Row. Of the 11 permanent studios in Hollywood at the time, ranked in order of size, MGM was #1 -- and Monogram was #10 (the only one smaller was PRC).

The Monogram trademark is now owned by Allied Artists International. The original sprawling brick complex which functioned as home to both Monogram and Allied Artists remains at 4376 W Sunset Blvd, as part of the Church of Scientology Media Center (formerly KCET's television facilities).
Mount Howard (Washington)
Mount Howard is a prominent 7,063 feet (2,153 m) mountain summit located west of Lake Wenatchee in Chelan County of Washington state. Mount Howard is the highest point of Nason Ridge, and is 1.37 mi (2.20 km) northeast of Rock Mountain, which is second-highest. This peak is set approximately midway between Stevens Pass and Lake Wenatchee, on land managed by the Okanogan–Wenatchee National Forest. Precipitation runoff from the peak drains into tributaries of the Wenatchee River. The mountain may have been named by a survey party, and first published in 1887.

Chelan County, Washington
Chelan County (/ʃəˈlæn/, shə-LAN) is a county in the U.S. state of Washington. As of the 2020 census, its population was 79,074. The county seat and largest city is Wenatchee. The county was created out of Okanogan and Kittitas Counties on March 13, 1899. It derives its name from a Chelan Indian word meaning "deep water," likely a reference to 55-mile (89 km)-long Lake Chelan, which reaches a maximum depth of 1,486 feet (453 m).

Chelan County is part of the Wenatchee, Washington, Metropolitan Statistical Area.
History of the Jews in Cologne
The history of the Jews in Cologne dates to  321 C.E., when they were first recorded in a census decreed by Emperor Constantine I. As such, it is the oldest European Jewish community north of the Alps. The community quickly established itself in what came to be known as Cologne's Jewish quarter, building its first synagogue by 1040 C.E. The Crusades put an end to peaceful coexistence with Christians in 1096 C.E. Despite the Archbishop's protection many Jews were killed and their synagogue destroyed. The community regained its economic and religious life until about 1300 C.E., when the Christian majority again applied pressure. The community's fortunes improved and worsened a number of times into the 20th century. Before the 1930s, it consisted of 19,500 people. After the end of World War II it had been almost entirely extinguished due to Nazi destruction, expulsion and murder. Currently it numbers approximately 5,000.

Jewish quarter (diaspora)
In the Jewish diaspora, a Jewish quarter (also known as jewry, juiverie, Judengasse, Jewynstreet, Jewtown, Judería or proto-ghetto) is the area of a city traditionally inhabited by Jews. Jewish quarters, like the Jewish ghettos in Europe, were often the outgrowths of segregated ghettos instituted by the surrounding Christian or Muslim authorities. A Yiddish term for a Jewish quarter or neighborhood is "Di yiddishe gas" (Yiddish: די ייִדישע גאַס ), or "The Jewish quarter." While in Ladino, they are known as maalé yahudí, meaning "The Jewish quarter".

Many European and Near Eastern cities once had a historical Jewish quarter and some still have it. The history of the Jews in Iraq is documented from the time of the Babylonian captivity c. 586 BC. Iraqi Jews constitute one of the world's oldest and most historically significant Jewish communities.
Bill Steele (cave explorer)
Charles William Steele, Jr. (born October 17, 1948) is a caver and speleologist who has led and participated in expeditions to many of the longest and deepest caves in the United States, Mexico, and China. He has explored hundreds of caves across North America and Asia and has written two books chronicling his expeditions: Yochib: The River Cave, and Huautla: Thirty Years in One of the World's Deepest Caves. TV shows such as National Geographic Explorer, NOVA and How’d They Do That? have aired programs on his expeditions.

Sistema Huautla
Sistema Huautla is a cave system in the Sierra Mazateca mountains of the southern Mexican state of Oaxaca. As of May 2024 it is the deepest cave system in the Western Hemisphere, 1,560 metres (5,120 ft) from the highest entrance to the lowest reached point in the cave system, with over 62 miles of mapped passageways. It is the ninth-deepest cave in the world. It is also the 28th-longest cave system with over 100 km length. Sistema Huautla has 30 entrances.
1990 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship
The 1990 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship was the 90th staging of the Waterford Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Waterford County Board in 1897.

Roanmore entered the championship as the defending champions.

The final was played on 7 October 1990 at Fraher Field in Dungarvan, between Roanmore and Ballyduff Upper, in what was their second consecutive meeting in the final. Roanmore won the match by 3–13 to 2–06 to claim their second championship title overall and a second championship title in succession.

1989 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship
The 1989 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship was the 89th staging of the Waterford Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Waterford County Board in 1897.

Mount Sion were the defending champions.

Roanmore won the championship after a 3–08 to 2–07 defeat of Ballyduff Upper in the final. This was their first ever championship title.
University Clinical Hospital Mostar
University Clinical Hospital Mostar (Croatian: Sveučilišna klinička bolnica Mostar) is the largest hospital in Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina.  It is situated in the Bijeli Brijeg neighbourhood of the city, although Clinic for infectious diseases, Clinic for skin and sexually transmitted diseases and Psychiatry clinic are located in the town center in the former Surgery department building.  The hospital was originally built as a regional medical centre in 1977.  However, the building incurred damage during the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina and upon its repairs, it was upgraded into a hospital in 1997.

Since 1997 the hospital has cooperated with the University of Mostar's Medical Faculty in training medical professionals.

University of Mostar
The University of Mostar (Croatian: Sveučilište u Mostaru; Latin: Universitas Studiorum Mostariensis) is a public university located in Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The university has ten faculties and one Academy of Fine Arts, with 50 majors, 46 specializations and 70 study groups.
Skirt Mountain
Skirt Mountain is a 347 m (1,138 ft) mountain lying approximately 13 km (8 mi) northwest of Victoria, British Columbia in Highland Land District.  It is a part of the Gowlland Range (part of the Vancouver Island Ranges), which extends from the Highlands through Langford to Metchosin.  The indigenous name for the traditional mountain area in shared Coast Salish territories is SPAET ("spa - eth"), which means bear in the Salishan language. The mountain is a popular destination for hikers and mountain-bikers, and is also the site of the controversial Bear Mountain, a golf resort and condominium development.

Vancouver Island Ranges
The Vancouver Island Ranges, formerly called the Vancouver Island Mountains, are a series  of mountain ranges extending along the length of Vancouver Island which has an area of 31,788 km2 (12,273 sq mi).  The Vancouver Island Ranges comprise the central and largest part of the island.  The Geological Survey of Canada refers to Vancouver Island, Haida Gwaii, and the Alaska Panhandle as the Insular Belt including the sea floor out to 100 km (62 mi) west of Vancouver Island. The Vancouver Island Ranges are a sub-range of the Insular Mountains.
HD 108541
HD 108541, also known by its Bayer designation u Centauri is a star located in the constellation Centaurus, It is also known as HR 4748. The apparent magnitude of the star is about 5.4, meaning it is only visible to the naked eye under excellent viewing conditions. Its distance is about 440 light-years (140 parsecs), based on its parallax measured by the Hipparcos astrometry satellite.

The spectral type of HD 108541 is B8/9V, meaning it is a late B-type main sequence star. These types of stars are a few times more massive than the Sun, and have effective temperatures of about 10,000 to 30,000 K. HD 108541 is just over 3 times more massive than the Sun and has a temperature of about 11,000 K.

Centaurus
Centaurus (/sɛnˈtɔːrəs, -ˈtɑːr-/ sen-TOR-əss, -⁠TAR-) is a bright constellation in the southern sky. One of the largest constellations, Centaurus was included among the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains one of the 88 modern constellations. In Greek mythology, Centaurus represents a centaur; a creature that is half human, half horse (another constellation named after a centaur is one from the zodiac: Sagittarius). Notable stars include Alpha Centauri, the nearest star system to the Solar System, its neighbour in the sky Beta Centauri, and HR 5171, one of the largest stars yet discovered. The constellation also contains Omega Centauri, the brightest globular cluster as visible from Earth and the largest identified in the Milky Way, possibly a remnant of a dwarf galaxy.
Enefexine
Enefexine (INNTooltip International Nonproprietary Name), also known as 4-(4-ethylphenyl)piperidine, is a drug of the phenylpiperidine group which is described as an antidepressant but was never marketed. It was first described in the literature by 1983. The drug was developed by Ciba-Geigy.

Phenylpiperidines
Phenylpiperidines are chemical compounds with a phenyl moiety directly attached to piperidine. Of particular interest are a variety of derivatives of 4-phenylpiperidine, which have pharmacological effects including morphine-like activity or other central nervous system effects.

Some of the butyrophenone antipsychotics, including aceperone, bromperidol, haloperidol, moperone, and trifluperidol, as well as the related diphenylbutylpiperidine antipsychotic penfluridol, are also 4-phenylpiperidine derivatives.

Certain other opioids, including alvimopan, loperamide, and diphenoxylate, are 4-phenylpiperidine derivatives as well.
Lauvnesvatnet
Lauvnesvatnet is a fishing lake in the municipalities of Sigdal and Flesberg in Buskerud, Norway. It is located at an elevation of 366 meters above sea level. It forms part of the Drammensvassdraget watershed.

Flesberg
Flesberg is a municipality in Buskerud county, Norway. It is part of the traditional region of Numedal.  The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Lampeland.

The economy of Flesberg is dominated by forestry and agriculture, as well as the cluster of high-tech industries in neighbouring Kongsberg.
Bhusaval–Hazrat Nizamuddin Gondwana Express
The 12405 / 12406 Bhusaval–Hazrat Nizamuddin Gondwana Express is a Superfast Express train belonging to Indian Railways – Northern Railway zone that runs between Bhusaval Junction and Hazrat Nizamuddin in India.

It operates as train number 12405 from Bhusaval Junction to Hazrat Nizamuddin and as train number 12406 in the reverse direction, serving the states of Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Delhi.

Bhusaval Junction railway station
Bhusawal Junction railway station (formerly Bhosawal) serves Bhusawal in Jalgaon district of the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is the biggest junction in Maharashtra. Bhusawal Railway station is one of the top 100 booking stations of Indian Railways, and its railway yard is the second biggest yard in Asia. There are total 243 tracks in the yard. Approximately fourteen trains originate at Bhusawal station, with 289 trains servicing the railway stop.
The Deluge (novel)
The Deluge (Polish: Potop) is a historical novel by the Polish author Henryk Sienkiewicz, published in 1886. It is the second volume of a three-volume series known to Poles as "The Trilogy," having been preceded by With Fire and Sword (Ogniem i mieczem, 1884) and followed by Fire in the Steppe (Pan Wołodyjowski, 1888). The novel tells a story of Andrzej Kmicic, a fictional Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth soldier and noble, and shows a panorama of the Commonwealth during its historical period of  the Deluge, which was a part of the Northern Wars.

Paweł Jan Sapieha
Paul John Sapieha (Lithuanian: Povilas Jonas Sapiega) (1609–1665) was a Polish–Lithuanian nobleman (szlachcic).

Sapieha became a Hussar Rotmistrz in 1633, courtier in 1635, Obozny of Lithuania in 1638, Podstoli of Lithuania in 1645, voivode of the Vitebsk Voivodeship in 1646, voivode of Vilnius and Grand Hetman of Lithuania in 1656.

He participated in the Battle of Berestechko against Cossacks in 1651. During The Deluge he dislodged the Swedish troops from Lublin, took part in the siege of Warsaw and captured Tykocin Castle in 1657. Together with Stefan Czarniecki, he defeated the Russian army at the Battle of Polonka in 1660.

He was a supporter of the vivente rege elections.