hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Guard theory
Guard theory is a branch of immunology which concerns the innate sensing of stereotypical consequences of a virulence factor or pathogen. This is in contrast to the classical understanding of recognition by the innate immune system, which involves recognition of distinct microbial structures- pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)- with pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Some of these stereotypical consequences of virulence factors and pathogens may include altered endosomal trafficking and changes in the cytoskeleton. These recognition mechanisms would work to complement classical pattern recognition mechanisms.

Endosome
Endosomes are a collection of intracellular sorting organelles in eukaryotic cells. They are parts of the endocytic membrane transport pathway originating from the trans Golgi network. Molecules or ligands internalized from the plasma membrane can follow this pathway all the way to lysosomes for degradation or can be recycled back to the cell membrane in the endocytic cycle. Molecules are also transported to endosomes from the trans Golgi network and either continue to lysosomes or recycle back to the Golgi apparatus.

Endosomes can be classified as early, sorting, or late depending on their stage post internalization. Endosomes represent a major sorting compartment of the endomembrane system in cells.
Richard Adkerson
Richard C. Adkerson is an American business executive who currently serves as Chairman of the Board at Freeport-McMoRan. He was the chief executive officer (CEO) of Freeport from 2003 until June 2024 and has been a member of its board since 2006, taking on the role of chairman in February 2021.

Business executive
A business executive is a person responsible for running an organization, although the exact nature of the role varies depending on the organization.

Executives run companies or government agencies. They create plans to help their organizations grow. Becoming an executive usually takes years of promotions and hard work since the qualifications of this role needs hard working individuals with years of experience in multiple facets of the business.
Abraham Wickelgren
Abraham Lee Wickelgren is an American economist and legal scholar who is currently the Fred And Emily Marshall Wulff Centennial Chair In Law at the University of Texas School of Law. He was previously the Bernard J. Ward Centennial Professor of Law. He is currently the co-editor of The Journal of Law, Economics, & Organization and was formerly the co-editor-in-chief of the American Law and Economics Review. Wickelgren worked as a visiting professor at Yale Law School from 2012 to 2013 and Duke University School of Law between 2008 and 2009. He also was a staff economist for the Federal Trade Commission in the Bureau of Economics for 5 years between 1999 and 2004.

The Journal of Law, Economics, & Organization
The Journal of Law, Economics, & Organization is a triannual peer-reviewed academic journal covering law and economics. It was established in 1985 and is published by Oxford University Press. The founding editors were Oliver E. Williamson and Jerry L. Mashaw. It is supported by the Olin Center for Studies in Law, Economics, and Public Policy at Yale Law School. The editor-in-chief is Andrea Prat (Columbia University). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2016 impact factor of 1.212, ranking it 126th out of 347 journals in the category "Economics" and 49th out of 147 in the category "Law".
Morton Salt
Morton Salt is an American food company producing salt for food, water conditioning, industrial, agricultural, and road/highway use. Based in Kansas City, the business is North America's leading producer and marketer of salt. It is a subsidiary of holding company Stone Canyon Industries Holdings, Inc.

Overland Park, Kansas
Overland Park (/ˈoʊvərlənd/ OH-vər-lənd) is a city located in Kansas, It is the largest city in Johnson County, Kansas, United States, and the second-most populous city in the state of Kansas.  It is one of four principal cities in the Kansas City metropolitan area and the most populous suburb of Kansas City, Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 197,238. It is also known for being one of the largest cities in the US that is a suburban city that uses the Kansas City street system.
House of Mystery (Vertigo)
House of Mystery is an American occult and horror-themed comic book anthology series, based on the series The House of Mystery that ran from 1951 to 1983. The writers, Bill Willingham and Lilah Sturges (credited as "Matthew Sturges"), debuted the series in July 2008 under the Vertigo imprint of DC Comics.

Ongoing series
In comics, an ongoing series is a series that runs indefinitely. This is in contrast to limited series (a series intended to end after a certain number of issues thus limited), a one shot (a comic book which is not a part of an ongoing series), a graphic novel, or a trade paperback, but a series of graphic novels may be considered ongoing as well. The term may also informally refer to a current or incomplete limited series with a predetermined number of issues.
Sandra Schwartz Tangri
Sandra Florence Schwartz Tangri (August 27, 1936 – June 11, 2003) was a feminist psychologist and distinguished university professor of social psychology and the psychology of women. Tangri conducted pioneering research on the lives of women who graduated from college and embarked on careers dominated by men. She studied women's motivations in choosing a career and their experiences of sexual harassment.

Tangri is known for conducting the Women's Life Paths Study, a longitudinal study extending over a period of 25 years that examined the life paths and experiences of the female graduates of the University of Michigan Class of 1967. Besides her scholarly work, Tangri was a political and social activist involved in the gender equality movement in the 1990s.

Feminine psychology
Feminine psychology or the psychology of women is an approach that focuses on social, economic, and political issues confronting women all throughout their lives. It emerged as a reaction to male-dominated developmental theories such as Sigmund Freud's view of female sexuality. The original work of Karen Horney argued that male realities cannot describe female psychology or define their gender because they are not informed by girls' or women's experiences. Theorists, like Horney, claimed this new feminist approach of women's experiences being different than men's was required, and that women's social existence was crucial in understanding their psychology. It is suggested in Dr. Carol Gilligan's research that some characteristics of female psychology emerge to comply with the given social order defined by men and not necessarily because it is the nature of their gender or psychology.
Julius Frauenstädt
Christian Martin Julius Frauenstädt (April 17, 1813, Bojanowo, Posen – January 13, 1879, Berlin) was a German philosopher and editor. He was educated at the house of his uncle at Neisse, and converted from Judaism to protestant Christianity in 1833. He studied theology and, later, philosophy at Berlin, where he came under the sway of the philosophies of Hegel and Schelling. He worked as a private tutor for the Sayn-Wittgenstein family during this period.

Frauenstädt met the philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer in the winter of 1846/47 in Frankfurt. He became a private lecturer and scholar in 1848 in Berlin, where he would become the primary editor and interpreter of Schopenhauer's philosophy.

Schopenhauer made Frauenstädt his literary executor to edit his works, calling him indefatigabilis (unwearying). Frauenstädt participated in contemporary debates over materialism in his 1855 and 1856 books and pessimism in his works on Schopenhauer.

Schelling
Schelling is a surname. Notable persons with that name include:

Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling (1775–1854), German philosopher

Caroline Schelling (1763–1809), German intellectual and wife of Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling

Felix Emanuel Schelling (1858–1945), American educator

Ernest Schelling (1876–1939), American composer

Erich Schelling (1904–1986), German architect

Thomas Schelling (1921–2016), American economist

Andrew Schelling (born 1953), American poet and translator

Hans Jörg Schelling (born 1953) Austrian entrepreneur

Hans Schelling (1954–2008), Dutch sailor

Florence Schelling (born 1989), Swiss ice hockey goaltender

Patrick Schelling (born 1990), Swiss cyclist
Members of the South Australian Legislative Council, 1993–1997
This is a list of members of the South Australian Legislative Council between 1993 and 1997. As half of the Legislative Council's terms expired at each state election, half of these members were elected at the 1989 state election with terms expiring in 1997, while the other half were elected at the 1993 state election with terms expiring in 2002.

1  Democrat MLC Ian Gilfillan resigned on 18 November 1993. Former MLC Mike Elliott was appointed to the resulting casual vacancy on 10 February 1994.

2  Labor MLC Chris Sumner resigned on 7 October 1994. Terry Cameron was appointed to the resulting casual vacancy on 13 September 1994.

3  Labor MLC Barbara Wiese resigned on 15 September 1995. Paul Holloway was appointed to the resulting casual vacancy on 26 September 1995.

4  Labor MLC Mario Feleppa resigned on 4 October 1995. Paolo Nocella was appointed to the resulting casual vacancy on 10 October 1995.

Paolo Nocella
Paolo Nocella is a former Australian politician. He was a Labor member of the South Australian Legislative Council from 10 October 1995, when he was appointed to a casual vacancy created by Mario Feleppa's resignation, until 1997, when he was defeated in the general election.
De systemate orbis cometici, deque admirandis coeli characteribus
De systemate orbis cometici, deque admirandis coeli characteribus (transl. Of the systematics of the world of comets, and on the admirable objects of the sky) is a small tract on comets and other celestial objects by the Sicilian astronomer Giovanni Battista Hodierna published in 1654. It contains a catalogue of comets and other celestial objects, but had limited circulation and the work was forgotten until 1985. In this work, Hodierna expressed the belief that comets were made of a more terrestrial substance, and considered nebulae to be made up of stars (Lux Primogenita).

Journal for the History of Astronomy
Journal for the History of Astronomy is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal that covers the history of astronomy from earliest times to the present, and in history in the service of astronomy. The journal's founding editor-in-chief was Michael Hoskin (Cambridge University) and it is currently edited by James Evans (University of Puget Sound).
Abraham Alechenwu
Abraham Alechenwu (Albanian: Abraham Aleçenu; born 26 March 1986) is a Nigerian former football player and a football agent.

He spent the majority of his career in Albania where he notably had a successful spell with Elbasani and Tirana and was once dubbed as the best left-back in the Albanian Superliga.

Sports agent
A sports agent is a legal representative for professional athletes and coaches who negotiates employment and endorsement contracts on their behalf. Sports agents may also assist with financial planning, legal coordination, and marketing matters, often working alongside lawyers, accountants, and brand managers.
MIDACO
MIDACO (Mixed Integer Distributed Ant Colony Optimization) is a software package for numerical optimization based on evolutionary computing.
MIDACO was created in collaboration of
European Space Agency and EADS Astrium to solve constrained mixed-integer non-linear (MINLP) space applications.
MIDACO holds several record solutions on interplanetary spaceflight trajectory design problems made publicly available by European Space Agency. MIDACO is included in software packages like TOMLAB, Astos, and SigmaXL.

Astrium
Astrium was a European aerospace company and subsidiary of the European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company (EADS), headquartered in Paris. It designed, developed and manufactured civil and military space systems and provided related services from 2006 to 2013. In 2012, Astrium had a turnover of €5.8 billion and 18,000 employees in France, Germany, the United Kingdom, Spain and the Netherlands. Astrium was a member of Institute of Space, its Applications and Technologies.

In late 2013 Astrium was merged with Cassidian, the defence division of EADS, as well as Airbus Military to form Airbus Defence and Space. EADS itself was rebranded Airbus Group, with three divisions: Airbus Commercial Aircraft, Airbus Defence and Space, and Airbus Helicopters.
Limerick–Offaly hurling rivalry
The Limerick-Offaly rivalry is a hurling rivalry between Irish county teams Limerick and Offaly, who first played each other in 1994. The fixture has been an irregular one due to both teams playing in separate provinces. Limerick's home ground is the Gaelic Grounds and Offaly's home ground is O'Connor Park.

While Limerick have enjoyed sporadic periods of dominance going back to the early years of the championship, Offaly enjoyed their own successful periods during the 1980s and 1990s. The two teams have won a combined total of fourteen as of 2022 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship titles.

As of 2014 Limerick and Offaly have met five times in the hurling championship, with Offaly leading the head-to-head meetings with four victories to Limerick's one.

Gaelic Grounds
The Gaelic Grounds, known for sponsorship reasons as the TUS Gaelic Grounds, is the principal GAA stadium in the city of Limerick in Ireland. Home to the Limerick hurling and football teams, it has a capacity of 44,023.
A Lot About Livin' (And a Little 'bout Love)
A Lot about Livin' (and a Little 'bout Love) is the third studio album by American country music artist Alan Jackson. It was released on October 6, 1992, and produced the singles, "Chattahoochee", "She's Got the Rhythm (and I Got the Blues)", "Tonight I Climbed the Wall", "(Who Says) You Can't Have It All", and "Mercury Blues". "Chattahoochee", and "She's Got the Rhythm (and I Got the Blues)" were both #1 hits on the Hot Country Songs charts, while the other three songs all reached Top 5. Additionally, "Tropical Depression" peaked at #75 based on unsolicited airplay.

Keith Stegall produced the entire album, working with Scott Hendricks on "Tonight I Climbed the Wall".

Keith Stegall
Robert Keith Stegall (born November 1, 1955) is an American country music recording artist and record producer. Active since 1980, Stegall has recorded two major-label studio albums: 1985's Keith Stegall and 1996's Passages, although he is mainly known for his production work.
105th Guards Mixed Aviation Division
The 105th Guards Borisov-Pomeranian Twice Red Banner Order of Suvorov Mixed Aviation Division is an aviation division of the Russian Aerospace Forces, based in Voronezh's Voronezh Malshevo air base.

The division was first formed in 1950 as the 105th Fighter Aviation Division PVO at Kharkov Sokolniki. In late 1951 it became a regular fighter aviation division and transferred to Großenhain in East Germany. The division served there for the rest of the Cold War as part of the 24th (later 16th) Air Army. In 1960 it was renamed the 105th Fighter-Bomber Aviation Division. In August 1993, the division was withdrawn from Germany to Voronezh, and renamed the 105th Mixed Aviation Division. During the reform of the Russian Air Force in 2009, the division was converted into the 7000th Air Base and received guards title and honorifics from one of its regiments. The air base became a division again in 2013. The 105th Division has fought in the Russian military intervention in Syria.

Russian Aerospace Forces
The Russian Aerospace Forces or Russian Air and Space Forces (VKS) comprise the aerial, space warfare, and missile defence branches of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. It was established on 1 August 2015 with the merging of the Russian Air Force (VVS) and the Russian Aerospace Defence Forces (VVKO), as recommended by the Ministry of Defence to improve efficiency and logistical support. The VKS is headquartered in Moscow.
Red Baron (aircraft)
The Red Baron was a North American P-51D Mustang NX7715C, original serial number 44-84961. It raced from 1966 to 1973 under the names Miss R.J. and Roto-Finish Special, winning Unlimited Gold in 1972. In February 1974, it was purchased by Ed Browning of Red Baron Flying Service in Idaho Falls, Idaho and renamed the Red Baron.

North American Aviation
North American Aviation (NAA) was a major American aerospace manufacturer that designed and built several notable aircraft and spacecraft. Its products included the T-6 Texan trainer, the P-51 Mustang fighter, the B-25 Mitchell bomber, the F-86 Sabre jet fighter, the X-15 rocket plane, the XB-70 bomber, the B-1 Lancer, the Apollo command and service module, the second stage of the Saturn V rocket, and the Space Shuttle orbiter.

Through a series of mergers and sales, North American Aviation became part of North American Rockwell, which later became Rockwell International, and is now part of Boeing.
Allington Quarry
Allington Quarry is a 0.8-hectare (2.0-acre) geological Site of Special Scientific Interest north of Maidstone in Kent. It is a Geological Conservation Review site.

This Pleistocene site has an extensive section through gulls (cracks in the rock) which are filled with loess. These were probably produced by seasonal freezing and thawing during the last ice age.

The site is private land with no public access.

Loess
Loess (US: /ˈlɛs, ˈlʌs, ˈloʊ.əs/, UK: /ˈloʊ.əs, ˈlɜːs/; from German: Löss [lœs]) is a clastic, predominantly silt-sized sediment that is formed by the accumulation of wind-blown dust. Ten percent of Earth's land area is covered by loesses or similar deposits.

Loess is a periglacial or aeolian (windborne) sediment, defined as an accumulation of 20% or less of clay with a balance of roughly equal parts sand and silt (with a typical grain size from 20 to 50 micrometers), often loosely cemented by calcium carbonate. Usually, they are homogeneous and highly porous and have vertical capillaries that permit the sediment to fracture and form vertical bluffs.
Durham Flower Festival
The Durham Flower Festival is an annual flower and horticulture show run by, and held at, East Durham College's Houghall Campus in Durham, County Durham, England. The festival is held in August and the inaugural show was held in 2014. The show was established by the College following the decision by Gateshead Council to axe the Gateshead Flower Show.

Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead
The Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead is a metropolitan borough in the metropolitan county of Tyne and Wear, England. It includes Gateshead, Rowlands Gill, Whickham, Blaydon, Ryton, Felling, Birtley, Pelaw, Dunston and Low Fell. The borough forms part of the Tyneside conurbation, centred on Newcastle upon Tyne. At the 2021 census, the borough had a population of 196,154.

It is bordered by the local authority areas of Newcastle upon Tyne to the north, Northumberland to the west, County Durham to the south, Sunderland to the south-east, and South Tyneside to the east. The council is a member of the North East Combined Authority.
WOAI (AM)
WOAI (1200 kHz) is a commercial radio station in San Antonio, Texas, which airs a news/talk radio format. It is owned and operated by iHeartMedia. With iHeart's headquarters in San Antonio, WOAI is the company's flagship station. The station's studios are in the Stone Oak neighborhood in Far North San Antonio, and its transmitter site is off Santa Clara Road in Zuehl.

WOAI uses the moniker "The 50,000 Watt Blowtorch of South Texas." It is a class A, non-directional clear-channel station, broadcasting full-time at the U.S. maximum power of 50,000 watts. During the day, WOAI covers most of Central and South Texas. WOAI's nighttime signal reaches much of the United States and Mexico, and parts of central Canada. However, it is strongest in the central United States.

Stone Oak, San Antonio
Stone Oak is a master planned district in north central San Antonio, Texas, United States. It was established in 1985 and is located north of Loop 1604, south of Wilderness Oak, east of Blanco Road and west of U.S. 281.
Regatta at Molesey near Hampton Court
Regatta at Molesey near Hampton Court is an 1874 painting by Alfred Sisley, now in the Musée d'Orsay, to which it was allocated in 1986.
The work shows the Molesey Regatta on the River Thames, begun by an amateur sportsman in 1873 and still in existence. The viewpoint looks upstream from Molesey Boat Club, with the recently constructed Island Hotel visible on Tagg's Island.

It was left to the French state by the painter and collector Gustave Caillebotte in 1894, and previously hung in the Musée du Luxembourg (1896–1929), the main building at the Louvre (1929–1947), and the Louvre's galerie du Jeu de Paume (1947–1986).

Sisley produced the painting during a four-month stay in England in the summer of 1874, funded and accompanied by his patron the art collector Jean-Baptiste Faure. Sisley settled at Hampton Court and produced a series of canvases of views of the non-tidal Thames. Paradoxically, in usually cloudier England, Sisley's paintings became brighter and more festive.

Jeu de paume
Jeu de paume (UK: /ˌʒɜː də ˈpoʊm/, French: [ʒø d(ə) pom]; originally spelled jeu de paulme; lit. 'palm game') was a ball-and-court game that originated in France and was the precursor of real tennis (called court tennis in the US or courte paume in France) and ultimately of the modern game of tennis. Jeu de paume was played without racquets, and so was a "game of the hand", though these were eventually introduced. It is a former Olympic sport, and has the oldest ongoing annual world championship in sport, first established over 250 years ago. The term also refers to the court on which the game is played and its building, which in the 17th century was sometimes converted into a theatre.
Human Resources for Health
Human Resources for Health is a peer-reviewed open-access public health journal publishing original research and case studies on issues of information, planning, production, management, and governance of the health workforce, and their links with health care delivery and health outcomes, particularly as related to global health.

The journal was established in 1997 as the Human Resources Development Journal published by the Health Manpower Development Institute of the Ministry of Public Health of Thailand. Since 2003, it is published by BioMed Central in collaboration with the World Health Organization (WHO).

BioMed Central
BioMed Central (BMC) is a United Kingdom-based, for-profit scientific open access publisher that produces over 250 scientific journals. All its journals are published online only. BioMed Central describes itself as the first and largest open access science publisher. It was founded in 2000 and has been owned by Springer, now Springer Nature, since 2008.
Saha ionization equation
In physics, the Saha ionization equation is an expression that relates the ionization state of a gas in thermal equilibrium to the temperature and pressure. The equation is a result of combining ideas of quantum mechanics and statistical mechanics and is used to explain the spectral classification of stars. The expression was developed by physicist Meghnad Saha in 1920. It is discussed in many textbooks on statistical physics and plasma physics.

Stellar corona
In astronomy, a corona (pl.: coronas or coronae) is the outermost layer of a star's atmosphere. It is a region filled with relatively hot, tenuous plasma that is structured by the star's magnetic field.

Scientists have greater access to the solar corona than they do to other stellar coronae, since it is inside our solar system. This means that the coronae of other stars are still relatively poorly understood.

Corona (Latin for 'crown') is, in turn, derived from Ancient Greek  κορώνη (korṓnē) 'garland, wreath'.