hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Adam Carr Bell
Adam Carr Bell (November 11, 1847 – October 30, 1912) was a Canadian politician.

Born in Pictou, Nova Scotia, the son of Basil Bell and Mary Carr, Bell was educated in New Glasgow, Sackville Academy, and Glasgow University. From 1876 to 1877, he was the first mayor of New Glasgow, Nova Scotia (he was mayor again from 1884 to 1885). He was elected to the Nova Scotia House of Assembly in 1878. In 1882, he was Provincial Secretary in the cabinet of John Thompson. From 1882 to 1887 he was the Conservative Party leader and Leader of the Opposition.

In 1896, he was elected to the House of Commons of Canada for the electoral district of Pictou. A Conservative, he was re-elected in 1900. He was defeated in 1904 and 1911.

In 1911, he was summoned to the Senate of Canada on the advice of Robert Borden representing the senatorial division of Pictou, Nova Scotia. He died in office the following year in 1912.

Progressive Conservative Association of Nova Scotia
The Progressive Conservative Association of Nova Scotia, more commonly known as the Progressive Conservative Party of Nova Scotia, is a political party in Nova Scotia, Canada. Like most conservative parties in Atlantic Canada, it has been historically associated with the Red Tory faction of Canadian conservatism. The party is currently led by Pictou East MLA Tim Houston. The party won a majority government in the 2021 provincial election. He called a snap election in 2024, increasing his party's majority mandate. The Progressive Conservative Party of Nova Scotia and the Conservative Party of Canada are two separate entities.
Super Video CD
Super Video CD (Super Video Compact Disc, abbreviated as SVCD) is a digital format for storing video on standard compact discs. SVCD was intended as a successor to Video CD and an alternative to DVD-Video, and falls somewhere between both in terms of technical capability and picture quality.

MPEG-2
MPEG-2 (a.k.a. H.222/H.262 as was defined by the ITU) is a standard for "the generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information". It describes a combination of lossy video compression and lossy audio data compression methods, which permit storage and transmission of movies using currently available storage media and transmission bandwidth. While MPEG-2 is not as efficient as newer standards such as H.264/AVC and H.265/HEVC, backwards compatibility with existing hardware and software means it is still widely used, for example in over-the-air digital television broadcasting and in the DVD-Video standard.
Stutee Ghosh
Stutee Ghosh is an Indian film critic, political satirist, writer and radio personality who works for The Quint Digital Media Limited from New Delhi, India. She is also a celebrity chat show host with Hindustan Times Digital.

HT Media
HT Media Limited is an Indian mass media company based in Delhi. It has holdings in print, electronic and digital media. HT Media's flagship newspaper is the Hindustan Times, the second most widely read English newspaper in India after The Times of India. It also publishes Mint, an Indian financial daily newspaper. Other publications include the Hindi-language daily Hindustan, the Hindi-language literary magazine Kadambini, and Hindi-language children's magazine Nandan. It operates 19 printing facilities across India with an installed capacity of 1.5 million copies per hour.

HT's online business, is largely handled by Firefly e-ventures internet business, include the flagship web portal Hindustantimes.com, Livemint.com, Desimartini.com, HTCampus.com and Shine.com.

Although a public company listed on both the BSE and NSE, HT Media Ltd. is majority owned and controlled by the KK Birla family, with Shobhana Bhartia, daughter of K. K. Birla, its chairperson.
Labeobarbus mirabilis
Labeobarbus mirabilis is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Labeobarbus. Its type locality is the Ituri River, near Mawambi, Ituri Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo. It has not been found in other locations. This species was initially placed in the genus Barbus, but is now considered to be a member of Labeobarbus. Some experts have raised the possibility that, with more research, L. mirabilis might become classified as a junior synonym of L. somereni.

Barbus
Barbus  is a genus of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae. The type species of Barbus is the common barbel, first described as Cyprinus barbus and now named Barbus barbus. Barbus is the namesake genus of the subfamily Barbinae, but given their relationships, that taxon is better included in the Cyprininae at least for the largest part (including the type species of Barbus).
Geoffrey W. Bromiley
Geoffrey William Bromiley (7 March 1915 – 7 August 2009) was an English ecclesiastical historian and Anglican theologian. He was professor emeritus at Fuller Theological Seminary in Pasadena, California, having been Professor of Church History and Historical Theology there from 1958 until his retirement in 1987.

Fuller Theological Seminary
Fuller Theological Seminary  is an Evangelical seminary in Pasadena, California, with regional campuses in the western United States. It is egalitarian in nature.

Fuller has a student body of approximately 664 FTE students from many countries and denominations. There are over 41,000 alumni. Fuller is broadly evangelical among faculty and student body. Some hold conservative evangelical views such as unlimited inerrancy while others hold liberal evangelical sentiments such as limited inerrancy which views the Bible as true on matters of salvation but contains error in its recording of history and science.
Wari culture
The Wari (Spanish: Huari) were a Middle Horizon civilization that flourished in the south-central Andes and coastal area of modern-day Peru, from about 500 to 1000 AD. At their height, they formed the Wari Empire.

Wari, as the former capital city was called, is located 11 km (6.8 mi) north-east of the modern city of Ayacucho, Peru. This city was the center of a civilization that covered much of the highlands and coast of modern Peru. The best-preserved remnants, besides the Huari|Wari ruins, are the recently discovered Northern Wari ruins near the city of Chiclayo, and Cerro Baúl in Moquegua. Also well-known are the Wari ruins of Pikillaqta ("Flea Town"), a short distance south-east of Cuzco en route to Lake Titicaca.

However, there is still a debate whether the Wari dominated the Central Coast or the polities on the Central Coast were commercial states capable of interacting with the Wari people without being politically dominated by them.

Lake Titicaca
Lake Titicaca (/tɪtɪˈkɑːkə/; Spanish: Lago Titicaca [ˈlaɣo titiˈkaka]; Quechua: Titiqaqa and Aymara: Titiqaqa) is a large lake in the Andes mountains on the border of Bolivia and Peru. It is often called the highest navigable lake in the world. It is often listed as a freshwater lake, though its waters are slightly brackish.  Titicaca is the largest lake in South America, both in terms of the volume of water and surface area. It is the 18th largest lake in the world.  It has a surface elevation of 3,812 m (12,507 ft).
Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences
Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences is a research institute based at Oregon Health & Science University, in Portland. The Institute's mission is to promote health, and prevent disease and disability among working Oregonians and their families during their employment years and through retirement. It does this through basic and applied research, outreach and education.

Research institute
A research institute, research centre, or research organization is an establishment founded for doing research. Research institutes may specialize in basic research or may be oriented to applied research. Although the term often implies natural science research, there are also many research institutes in the social science as well, especially for sociological and historical research purposes.
Jenny Sparks: The Secret History of the Authority
Jenny Sparks: The Secret History of the Authority is a five-issue comic book limited series published in 2000 by DC Comics under the Wildstorm imprint, written by Mark Millar with pencils by John McCrea.

Imprint (trade name)
An imprint of a publisher is a trade name under which it publishes a work. A single publishing company may have multiple imprints, often using the different names as brands to market works to various demographic consumer segments.
1916 All-Ireland Junior Football Championship
The 1916 All-Ireland Junior Hurling Championship was the fifth staging of the All-Ireland Junior Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's second tier Gaelic football championship.

The All-Ireland final replay was played on 18 November 1917 at Jones's Road in Dublin, between Dublin and Limerick, in what was their first ever championship meeting. Dublin won the match by 6–04 to 0–03 to claim their second championship title overall and a first title in two years.

Limerick GAA
The Limerick County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) (Irish: Cumann Lúthchleas Gael, Coiste Chontae Luimneach) or Limerick GAA is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland, and is responsible for Gaelic games in County Limerick. The county board is also responsible for the Limerick county teams.

The county hurling team has the fourth highest total of All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship (SHC) titles, behind Kilkenny, Cork and Tipperary. The county football team was the first from the province of Munster both to win an All-Ireland Senior Football Championship (SFC), as well as to appear in the final.

As of 2009, there were 108 clubs affiliated to Limerick GAA — the third highest, alongside Antrim.
Tufail Ahmad Manglori
Maulvi Syed Tufail Ahmad Manglori was a colonial Indian educationalist and historian who was known for his establishment of City High School of the Aligarh Muslim University, founding of the journal Soodmand, and opposition to the partition of India.

His notable works include Musalmanon Ka Raushan Mustaqbil ("The Bright Future of Muslim"), which explicated the history of Muslims in India, as well as Rooh-e-Raushan Mustaqbil ("The Bright Spirit of the Future"), which argued against the Pakistan separatist movement.

Manglori was a proponent of the concept of composite nationalism. He opposed the idea of separate electorates based on one's religion.

Mawlawi (Islamic title)
Mawlawi (Arabic: مولوي, romanized: Mawlawī) is an Islamic religious title given to Muslim religious scholars, or ulama, preceding their names, similar to the titles Mawlānā, Mullah, or Sheikh. Mawlawi generally means a highly qualified Islamic scholar, usually one who has completed full studies in a madrasa (Islamic school) or darul uloom (Islamic seminary). It is commonly used in Iran, Central Asia, South Asia, South East Asia and East Africa. The word Mawlawi is derived from the Arabic word mawla, which has several meanings, including "lord".

Turkish Mawlawi fraternity of Sufis (Muslim mystics) was founded in Konya (Qonya), Anatolia, by the Persian Sufi poet Jalal ad-Din ar-Rumi (d. 1273), whose popular title mawlana (Arabic for "our master") gave the order its name. The order, propagated throughout Anatolia, controlled Konya and environs by the 15th century and in the 17th century appeared in Istanbul.
Escape from Reason
Escape From Reason is a philosophical work written by American theologian and Christian apologist Francis A. Schaeffer, London: InterVarsity Press, first published in 1968. It is Book Two in Volume One of The Complete Works of Francis A. Schaeffer A Christian Worldview. Westchester, IL:Crossway Books, 1982. This is the second book of Francis Schaeffer's "Trilogy." It was written and published after The God Who Is There was written but released before that first book.

Christian apologetics
Christian apologetics (Ancient Greek: ἀπολογία, "verbal defense, speech in defense") is a branch of Christian theology that defends Christianity.

Christian apologetics have taken many forms over the centuries, starting with Paul the Apostle in the early church and Patristic writers such as Origen, Augustine of Hippo, Justin Martyr and Tertullian, then continuing with writers such as Thomas Aquinas, Duns Scotus, William of Ockham and Anselm of Canterbury during Scholasticism.

Blaise Pascal was an active Christian apologist during the 17th century. In the modern period, Christianity was defended through the efforts of many authors such as John Henry Newman, G. K. Chesterton and C. S. Lewis, as well as G. E. M. Anscombe.
Minnesota True Team State Track and Field
The Minnesota True Team State Meet was created in 1987 by the Minnesota State High School Coaches Association to determine the top overall team based on depth rather than top finishers. In a traditional track and field meet, only the top eight or nine competitors per event score points. In the True Team meet, each team has two competitors per event for A and AA and three competitors for AAA as well as one relay team, with each competitor scoring (barring disqualification). Since 2005, Minnesota now holds a True Team State swim meet.

The first A & AA meets were run at St. Cloud Apollo and the first 3A & 4A State meets were run at Park High School. Later meets were held at the National Sports Center in Blaine, Minnesota, until 2006, when the track conditions were too poor to use. Since 2006, the meet has taken place at Stillwater High School.

Stillwater Area High School
Stillwater Area High School (SAHS) is a public school located in Oak Park Heights, Minnesota, United States. It serves as the primary high school for the Stillwater Area Public School District (834), the oldest public school district in Minnesota.

The current campus was built in 1993 thanks to a 28 million dollar bond that was approved by the citizens of District 834. The previous location is now Stillwater Middle School. (SMS). Students from both SMS and Oakland Middle School attend Stillwater Area High School. Newsweek ranked the school #326 in their "List of the 500 Top High Schools in America in 2015."

Stillwater was designed by the architecture firm ATS&R. In 2017, the school completed a $97 million dollar renovation, involving the construction of a new 9th grade wing, a new gym and Pony Activity Center (PAC).
Grauert–Riemenschneider vanishing theorem
In mathematics, the Grauert–Riemenschneider vanishing theorem is an extension of the Kodaira vanishing theorem on the vanishing of higher cohomology groups of coherent sheaves on a compact complex manifold, due to Grauert and Riemenschneider (1970).

Coherent sheaf
In mathematics, especially in algebraic geometry and the theory of complex manifolds, coherent sheaves are a class of sheaves closely linked to the geometric properties of the underlying space. The definition of coherent sheaves is made with reference to a sheaf of rings that codifies this geometric information.

Coherent sheaves can be seen as a generalization of vector bundles. Unlike vector bundles, they form an abelian category, and so they are closed under operations such as taking kernels, images, and cokernels. The  quasi-coherent sheaves are a generalization of coherent sheaves and include the locally free sheaves of infinite rank.

Coherent sheaf cohomology is a powerful technique, in particular for studying the sections of a given coherent sheaf.
Sayabec station
Sayabec station is a Via Rail station in Sayabec, Quebec, Canada. Located on Rue Boulay (Route 132), it is a flag stop with no ticket service. Sayabec is served by Via Rail's  Ocean; the Montreal – Gaspé train was suspended in 2013. Both trains share the same rail line between Montreal and Matapédia.

The old building of the Canadian National Railway station is a designated Heritage Railway Station. It has been renovated and relocated from its original location to a park in Sayabec. It now serves as a meeting hall and provides touristic information.

Ocean (train)
The Ocean (French: L'Océan), previously known as the Ocean Limited, is a passenger train operated by Via Rail in Canada on its Atlantic Canada route between Montreal, Quebec, and Halifax, Nova Scotia. It is the oldest continuously operated named passenger train in North America. The Ocean's schedule takes approximately 22 hours, running overnight in both directions.  Together with The Canadian and Via's corridor trains, the Ocean provides a transcontinental service across Canada.
Pius XII, The Holocaust, and the Cold War
Pius XII, The Holocaust, and the Cold War is a 2008 book by historian Michael Phayer which makes use of documents that had been released under US President Bill Clinton's 1997 executive order declassifying wartime and postwar documents.

Phayer's thesis is that Pius XII refused to resist and at times even enabled the Nazi regime because he considered Communism the greater threat, one that he believed only Nazism could effectively counter. The charge is not a new one: Robert Katz, in his 1969 book, "Black Sabbath," first posited the theory: "To protest Hitler's Germany would weaken what the Church often referred to as 'the only possible bulwark against Bolshevism.'" (Katz himself, however, adds another reason for Pius's alleged "silence" in regards to the Nazi depredations: "Moreover, to denounce Stalin's Russia would be a blow to the Western Powers with whom the Communists were allied.")

Michael Phayer
Michael Phayer (born 1935) is an American historian and professor emeritus at Marquette University in Milwaukee and has written on 19th- and 20th-century European history and the Holocaust.

Phayer received his PhD from the University of Munich in 1968 and joined Marquette's Department of History in 1970. He became Professor in 1990 and retired in 2002. He was an Ida E. King Distinguished Visiting Scholar of Holocaust Studies at Stockton University. He has published numerous research articles and books relating to Nazi Germany, the Holocaust and the Catholic Church, including his most recent, Pius XII, the Holocaust, and the Cold War (2007). His previous work was The Catholic Church and the Holocaust, 1930–1965 (published in 2000).
Dragon Raja (Chinese novels)
Dragon Raja (Chinese: 龙族; pinyin: Lóngzú) is a series of  fantasy novels written by Chinese author Jiang Nan.

The story consists of five story arcs (the first four have been compiled into 6 published novels), as well as a prequel short story and an anthology novella.

Since the release of the first volume on April 1, 2010, the series has gained immense popularity, critical acclaim and commercial success in China, each and every one of the first 6 titles of the series reached the best seller list with more than 2,000,000 copies sold. The series has been praised for attracting young readers, and has remained one of the preeminent cornerstones of youth and fantasy literature. Due to its financial success, the series kickstarted a commercially successful franchise, and has been adapted into manhua, video games and animation.

Manhua
Manhua (traditional Chinese: 漫畫; simplified Chinese: 漫画; pinyin: mànhuà) are Chinese-language comics produced in Greater China. Chinese comics and narrated illustrations have existed in China throughout its history.

They are usually graphic and can be written for a myriad of genres, including romance, fantasy, historical, thrillers, paranormal, and horror. The narratives are varied but often include tropes and plots common to Asian culture and settings.

The first major manhua magazine, Shanghai Sketch, first published in 1928. During the early 20th century, political manhua  were printed as propaganda during times of political upheaval. At the start of the 21st century, Chinese cartoonists began to publish manhua through social media and microblogging websites.
Portages of New Zealand
Portages in New Zealand, known in Māori as Tō or Tōanga Waka, are locations where waka (canoes) could easily be transported overland. Portages were extremely important for early Māori, especially along the narrow Tāmaki isthmus of modern-day Auckland, as they served as crucial transportation and trade links between the east and west coasts. Portages can be found across New Zealand, especially in the narrow Northland and Auckland regions, and the rivers of the Waikato Region.

A number of historic portages were considered for potential sites for canals during the colonial era and the early 1900s. Since the early 1990s, portage crossing events have been held on the Ōtāhuhu portage.

Northland Region
Northland (Māori: Te Tai Tokerau), officially the Northland Region, is the northernmost of New Zealand's 16 local government regions. The region is known for its warm weather. The major population centre is the city of Whangārei, and the largest town is Kerikeri. At the 2018 New Zealand census, Northland recorded a population growth spurt of 18.1% since the previous 2013 census, placing it as the fastest growing region in New Zealand, ahead of other strong growth regions such as the Bay of Plenty Region (2nd with 15%) and Waikato (3rd with 13.5%).
Helen F. Thompson
Helen F. Thompson was an American businesswoman and politician.

Born in the town of Menasha in Winnebago County, Wisconsin, Thompson owned a hotel in Park Falls, Wisconsin and was also a teacher. She was also the President of the Red Cross chapter in Price County, Wisconsin. Thompson served on the Park Falls School Board. Then, she served on the Wisconsin State Assembly in 1925 and 1927 and was a Republican.

Park Falls, Wisconsin
Park Falls is a city in Price County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 2,410 at the 2020 census, down from 2,462 at 2010. Located in the woods of north central Wisconsin, primarily the Chequamegon National Forest, Park Falls is a small community divided by the North Fork of the Flambeau River, a popular destination for fishing, canoeing and whitewater rafting.
Fountain of Justice
The Fountain of Justice is a historic landmark in Bacolod, Negros Occidental, Philippines. It marks the location where the house of Jose Ruiz de Luzurriaga used to stand. It was in this house that the surrender of Bacolod by Spanish authorities to the Filipino forces of General Aniceto Lacson took place on November 6, 1898, during the Negros Revolution. Luzurriaga acted as mediator between the two belligerents. Colonel Isidro de Castro, Spanish governor of Negros, signed the surrender document on behalf of the Spanish forces. The landmark now lies in front of the old Bacolod City Hall.

The plaza and fountain area is also a place for recreation, political, spiritual and cultural activities and is illuminated at night. The fountain is a meeting place for rallies and protesters of many organizations, private, public and labor movements and political sectors. The fountain was the site of the celebration of the 66th Charter Anniversary of Bacolod City.

Landmark
A landmark is a recognizable natural or artificial feature used for navigation, a feature that stands out from its near environment and is often visible from long distances.

In modern-day use, the term can also be applied to smaller structures or features that have become local or national symbols.
Donald Parry (rugby league)
Donald Parry (birth unknown) is a former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1980s. He played at representative level for Wales, and at club level for Huyton, Widnes and Blackpool Borough, as a hooker.

Widnes Vikings
The Widnes Vikings are an English rugby league club in Widnes, Cheshire, which competes in the Championship. The club plays home matches at DCBL Stadium. Founded as Widnes Football Club, they are one of the original twenty-two rugby clubs that formed the Northern Rugby Football Union in 1895. Their historic nickname is "The Chemics" after the main industry in Widnes, but now they use their modern nickname, "The Vikings".

The club enjoyed a period of success in the 1970s, 1980s, and early 1990s, and were frequently described as "Cup Kings" reaching the Challenge Cup Final 7 times in 10 years between 1975 and 1984. In 1989, after winning their third Rugby League Premiership, Widnes became the first official World Club Champions by beating the Australian champions Canberra Raiders 30–18 at Old Trafford. They have a strong local rivalry with Warrington Wolves.