hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Melanophryniscus biancae
Melanophryniscus biancae is a species of toads in the family Bufonidae, first found in the Atlantic Forest in Santa Catarina, Brazil. It is found at intermediate-high altitudes and has a phytotelm-breeding reproductive strategy. It is distinguished from its cogenerate species based on differences in snout-vent length; having white and/or yellow spots on its forearms, mouth, belly and cloaca; the pattern and arrangement of warts; and the presence and number of corneous spines. It might be threatened by habitat loss. It was named in honor of Bianca Reinert due to her conservation efforts.

Cloaca
A cloaca (/kloʊˈeɪkə/ ⓘ kloh-AY-kə), pl.: cloacae (/kloʊˈeɪsi/ kloh-AY-see or /kloʊˈeɪki/ kloh-AY-kee), or vent, is the rear orifice that serves as the only opening for the digestive (rectum), reproductive, and urinary tracts (if present) of many vertebrate animals. All amphibians, reptiles, birds, cartilaginous fish and a few mammals (monotremes, afrosoricids, and marsupial moles) have this orifice, from which they excrete both urine and feces; this is in contrast to most placental mammals, which have separate orifices for evacuation and reproduction. Excretory openings with analogous purpose in some invertebrates are also sometimes called cloacae. Mating through the cloaca is called cloacal copulation and cloacal kissing.

The cloacal region is also often associated with a secretory organ, the cloacal gland, which has been implicated in the scent-marking behavior of some reptiles, marsupials, amphibians, and monotremes.
Operatunity Oz
Operatunity Oz was a 2006 talent search, and accompanying four-part television documentary by Simon Target, in which Opera Australia conducted a nationwide quest to find someone without professional opera experience, who could be coached to sing in a staged opera – Verdi's Rigoletto in the event – at the Sydney Opera House in the company of professional performers, as part of Opera Australia's regular season. It was modelled on the earlier British Operatunity (2003).

Rigoletto
Rigoletto is an opera in three acts by Giuseppe Verdi. The Italian libretto was written by Francesco Maria Piave based on the 1832 play Le roi s'amuse by Victor Hugo. Despite serious initial problems with the Austrian censors who had control over northern Italian theatres at the time, the opera had a triumphant premiere at La Fenice in Venice on 11 March 1851.

The work, Verdi's sixteenth in the genre, is widely considered to be the first of the operatic masterpieces of Verdi's middle-to-late career. Its tragic story revolves around the licentious Duke of Mantua, his hunch-backed court jester Rigoletto, and Rigoletto's daughter Gilda. The opera's original title, La maledizione (The Curse), refers to a curse placed on both the Duke and Rigoletto by the Count Monterone, whose daughter the Duke has seduced with Rigoletto's encouragement. The curse comes to fruition when Gilda falls in love with the Duke and sacrifices her life to save him from the assassin hired by her father.
Trope (mathematics)
In geometry, trope is an archaic term for a singular (meaning special) tangent space of a variety, often a quartic surface. The term may have been introduced by Cayley (1869, p. 202), who defined it as "the reciprocal term to node". It is not easy to give a precise definition, because the term is used mainly in older books and papers on algebraic geometry, whose definitions are vague and different, and use archaic terminology. The term trope is used in the theory of quartic surfaces in projective space, where it is sometimes defined as a tangent space meeting the quartic surface in a conic; for example Kummer's surface has 16 tropes.

Hudson (1990, p. 14), describes a trope as a tangent plane where the envelope of nearby tangent planes forms a conic, rather than a plane pencil which we would expect for a generic point. The tangent plane would be tangent to the quartic along the conic, implying that the Gauss map would have a singular point. (Dolgachev 2012, p. 437)

Quartic surface
In mathematics, especially in algebraic geometry, a quartic surface is a surface defined by an equation of degree 4.

More specifically there are two closely related types of quartic surface: affine and projective.  An affine quartic surface is the solution set of an equation of the form

where f is a polynomial of degree 4, such as ⁠⁠.  This is a surface in affine space A3.

On the other hand, a projective quartic surface is a surface in projective space P3 of the same form, but now f is a homogeneous polynomial of 4 variables of degree 4, so for example ⁠⁠.

If the base field is ⁠⁠ or ⁠⁠ the surface is said to be real or complex respectively. One must be careful to distinguish between algebraic Riemann surfaces, which are in fact quartic curves over ⁠⁠, and quartic surfaces over ⁠⁠. For instance, the Klein quartic is a real surface given as a quartic curve over ⁠⁠. If on the other hand the base field is finite, then it is said to be an arithmetic quartic surface.
Canton of Le Creusot-1
The canton of Le Creusot-1 is an administrative division of the Saône-et-Loire department, eastern France. It was created at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Le Creusot.

It consists of the following communes:

Le Creusot (partly)

Montcenis

Torcy

Saône-et-Loire
Saône-et-Loire (French pronunciation: [sonelwaʁ]; Arpitan: Sona-et-Lêre) is a department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in France. It is named after the rivers Saône and Loire, between which it lies, in the country's central-eastern part.

Saône-et-Loire is Bourgogne-Franche-Comté's most populous department with a population of 551,493 as of 2019. It is also its southernmost department, as it is situated on the regional border with Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. Saône-et-Loire's prefecture is Mâcon, with subprefectures in Autun, Chalon-sur-Saône, Charolles and Louhans. Its INSEE and postcode number is 71.
Muintir na Gaeltachta
Muintir na Gaeltachta (Irish for 'people of the Gaeltacht') was a lobby-group representing Irish-speaking inhabitants of the Gaeltacht. It was founded in the winter of 1933–34, with Seán Ó Coisdeala, a national school teacher from Tully in Connemara, as President and Pádraig Seoige as secretary. Other founders included Peadar Duignan, Seán Tubridy, and Máirtín Ó Cadhain. In 1935, in conjunction with the Land Commission, it helped to establish the Meath Gaeltacht by transplanting Irish-speaking families from Connacht. Its office was in Kells, County Meath. It was a registered nominating body for the Cultural and Educational Panel of Seanad Éireann through the 1997 election.

Peadar Duignan
Peadar Duignan (26 July 1898 – 13 April 1955) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician. He was elected to Dáil Éireann as a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Galway West constituency at the 1951 general election. He did not contest the 1954 general election.
SR.N3
The British Hovercraft Corporation SR.N3 was a 37.5 ton hovercraft originally designed by Saunders-Roe.

Launched in 1963, it was primarily aimed at military deployment. It was a military version of the SR.N2

Propulsion and lift were provided by four rear-mounted Bristol-Siddeley Gnome gas turbine engines that allowed the SR.N3 to cruise at 70 knots. The British IHTU (Interservice Hovercraft Trials Unit), based at Browndown, Stokes Bay, tested the SR.N3 in a wide variety of conditions, including ice. On 16 September 1964 an SR.N3 operated satisfactorily in a full gale and six foot seas. The SR.N3 never entered full service and ended up being used for target practice.

Rolls-Royce Gnome
The Rolls-Royce Gnome is a British turboshaft engine originally developed by the de Havilland Engine Company as a licence-built General Electric T58, an American mid-1950s design. The Gnome came to Rolls-Royce after their takeover of Bristol Siddeley in 1966, Bristol having absorbed de Havilland Engines Limited in 1961.

A licence to manufacture the T58 was purchased in 1958. The T58 had begun bench testing in 1955 and by 1958 had already been used in helicopters and de Havilland were able to test their first engines in a Westland Whirlwind and Wasp helicopters in August 1959 and March 1960 respectively.

A free-turbine turboshaft, it was used in helicopters such as the Westland Sea King and Westland Whirlwind. The design was sub-licensed to Alfa-Romeo.

There were two series produced: the "H" turboshaft for helicopter use, and the "P" turboprop for fixed-wing aircraft.
Trisulfide
In organic and organometallic chemistry, trisulfide is the functional group R-S-S-S-R.

Examples include:

Diallyl trisulfide

Dimethyl trisulfide

Trisulfane (hydrogen trisulfide)

Some inorganic compounds are also named trisulfides to reflect their stoichiometry.

Examples include:

Antimony trisulfide

Arsenic trisulfide

Bismuth trisulfide

Diboron trisulfide

Diiron trisulfide

Molybdenum trisulfide

Phosphorus trisulfide

Molybdenum trisulfide
Molybdenum trisulfide is an inorganic compound with the formula MoS3. It is a polysulfide, meaning it contains sulfur-sulfur bonds. Its formula can be represented as Mo4+(S2)2−S2−. Molybdenum is in its +4 oxidation state.
Norway during the Great Northern War
The Great Northern War was the war fought between a coalition of Denmark–Norway, Russia and Saxony-Poland (from 1715 also Prussia and Hanover) on one side and Sweden on the other side from 1700 to 1721. It started by a coordinated attack on Sweden by the coalition in 1700, and ended 1721 with the conclusion of the Treaty of Nystad, and the Stockholm Treaties. As a result of the war, Russia supplanted Sweden as the dominant power on the shores of the  Baltic Sea, becoming a major player in European politics.

Treaties of Stockholm (Great Northern War)
The Treaties of Stockholm were two treaties signed in 1719 and 1720 that ended the war between Sweden and an alliance of Hanover and Prussia.

Aspects of the conflict that remained unresolved would be dealt with by two further treaties, the Treaty of Frederiksborg between Sweden and Denmark-Norway in 1720 and the Treaty of Nystad between Sweden and Russia in 1721.

Frederick I began negotiating the Treaties of Stockholm following the death of Charles XII of Sweden in 1718. The death of the Swedish monarch heralded the impending conclusion of the Great Northern War.
Live at Martyrs' (album)
Live at Martyrs' is the fifth album by singer-songwriter and guitarist, Chris Whitley and his first live album. The performance is a compilation of songs from Whitley's first four albums (Living with the Law (1991), Din of Ecstasy (1995), Terra Incognita (1997), and Dirt Floor (1998)), a previous collaboration, and two songs that would later appear on Rocket House (2001).

It was produced by John Alagía and recorded over three consecutive nights in August 1999 at Martyrs' in Chicago, Illinois. It was co-mixed and co-engineered by Alagía and Jeff Juliano (assisted by Ken Helie) at Shelter Island Sound in New York City.

Whitley released the album independently and sold the CDs at his shows a year before the Messenger Records release.

Steve Addabbo
Steve Addabbo is an American record producer, songwriter and audio engineer, who helped launch the careers of Suzanne Vega and Shawn Colvin. He had a vital hand in Vega's hit single, "Luka" and Colvin's album Steady On.
August Wilhelm Dennstedt
August Wilhelm Dennstedt (1776–1826), surname sometimes spelled Dennstaedt, was a German medical doctor and botanist who was bürgermeister of Magdala, a town near Weimar. From 1817 he was scientific director of the Grand Ducal Garden in Belvedere.

He was the taxonomic author of numerous botanical taxa; three examples being the genera Bruxanelia, Coulejia and Merremia. He entered many of his taxonomic findings in the register "Schlüssel zum Hortus indicus malabaricus". The genus Dennstaedtia Bernh. (family Dennstaedtiaceae) is named in his honor.

The standard author abbreviation Dennst. is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.

Burgomaster
Burgomaster (alternatively spelled burgermeister, lit. 'master of the town/borough/fortress/citizens') is the English form of various terms in or derived from Germanic languages for the chief magistrate or executive of a city or town. The name in English was derived from the Dutch burgemeester.

In some cases, burgomaster was the title of the head of state and head of government of a sovereign (or partially or de facto sovereign) city-state, sometimes combined with other titles, such as Hamburg's First Mayor and President of the Senate). Contemporary titles are commonly translated into English as mayor.
Arado SD III
The Arado SD III was a fighter biplane developed in Germany in the 1920s. It was developed in parallel with the SD II and shared most of that aircraft's airframe design. The main differences were connected with the powerplant installation, which in turn required a shorter forward fuselage and redesigned undercarriage. Evaluated at Staaken, Rechlin and finally at Lipetsk, it was judged unsuitable for mass production, but the lessons learned from it proved invaluable to Arado in designing the Ar 64 and Ar 65.

Rechlin
Rechlin is a municipality  in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany, around 100 km (60 mi) northwest of Berlin. The town's airport has a long history and was the Luftwaffe's main testing ground for new aircraft designs in Nazi Germany. The Luftfahrttechnisches Museum (Aviation Technology Museum) in Rechlin houses displays of aircraft and related technology from the two World Wars and the Soviet era.

The town has become popular with travelers thanks to being located at one of the entrances to Müritz National Park.
Lewis Mumford
Lewis Mumford (October 19, 1895 – January 26, 1990) was an American historian, sociologist, philosopher of technology, and literary critic. Particularly noted for his study of cities and urban architecture, he had a broad career as a writer. He made significant contributions to social philosophy, American literary and cultural history, and the history of technology.

Mumford was influenced by the work of Scottish theorist Sir Patrick Geddes and worked closely with his associate the British sociologist Victor Branford. Mumford was also a contemporary and friend of Frank Lloyd Wright, Clarence Stein, Frederic Osborn, Edmund N. Bacon, and Vannevar Bush.

Victor Branford
Victor Branford (25 September 1863 – 22 June 1930) was a British sociologist. He was the founder of the Sociological Society and was made an Honorary member of the American Sociological Society, now the American Sociological Association.
Twinkling Watermelon
Twinkling Watermelon (Korean: 반짝이는 워터멜론) is a 2023 South Korean television series directed by Son Jong-hyun, and starring Ryeoun, Choi Hyun-wook, Seol In-ah, and Shin Eun-soo. It aired on tvN from September 25 to November 14, 2023, every Monday and Tuesday at 20:50 (KST) for 16 episodes. It is also available for streaming on Viu, Viki and Netflix in selected regions.

Viu (streaming service)
Viu (pronounced as view) is a Hong Kong-based over-the-top video on demand streaming service from PCCW Media Group's Viu International Ltd. Operated in a dual-revenue model comprising subscriptions and advertising, Viu delivers content in different genres from Asia's top content providers with local language subtitles, as well as original production series under the Viu Original initiative (similar to original programming from other services like Disney+, Amazon Prime Video and Netflix).

Viu is now available in 16 markets across Asia, Africa, Oceania and the Middle East including Australia, Bahrain, Egypt, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Jordan, Kuwait, New Zealand, Malaysia, Myanmar, Oman, Philippines, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Africa, Thailand, and United Arab Emirates. As of December 2022, Viu had 66.4 million monthly active users, including 12.2 million paying subscribers.
Hicri Fişek
Hicri Fişek (22 September 1918 – 26 February 2002) was a Turkish professor of international law.

He founded the "Tevfik Fikret" high-school in Ankara, Turkey, in 1964. He received the French Légion d'Honneur (Chevalier 1964; Officier 1975), and was awarded an Honorary Degree by the University of Strasbourg in 1974.

University of Strasbourg
The University of Strasbourg (French: Université de Strasbourg, Unistra) is a public research university located in Strasbourg, France, with over 52000 students and 3300 researchers. Founded in the 16th century by Johannes Sturm, it was a center of intellectual life during the Age of Enlightenment.

In the 1970s, the old university was reorganized into three distinct institutions, which were consolidated in 2009. The current University of Strasbourg comprises 35 academic faculties, schools, and institutes, as well as 71 research laboratories spread across six campuses, including the historic site in the Neustadt.

Throughout its existence, Unistra alumni, faculty, or researchers have included 18 Nobel laureates, two Fields Medalists and a wide range of notable individuals in their respective fields. Among them are Goethe, statesman Robert Schuman, historian Marc Bloch and several chemists such as Louis Pasteur.
The Light of Heart
The Light of Heart is a 1940 play by the British writer Emlyn Williams.

It ran for 127 performances at the Apollo Theatre in London's West End between 21 February and 8 June 1940. The cast included Godfrey Tearle, Megs Jenkins, Gladys Henson, Elliott Mason and Angela Baddeley. It later ran for 55 performances at the Guild Theatre on Broadway.

Gladys Henson
Gladys Hilda Barbara Kate Henson (née Gunn; 27 September 1897 – 21 December 1982) was an Irish actress whose career lasted from 1932 to 1976 and included roles on stage, radio, films and television series. Among her most notable films were The History of Mr Polly (1949) and The Blue Lamp (1950).
Pop! (British group)
Pop! were a British pop group consisting of Glen Ball, Hannah Lewis, Jamie Tinkler, and Jade McGuire. The group was formed in the summer of 2003 when they were signed by Pete Waterman. They released three singles on the Sony BMG record label, but disbanded in early 2005.

The group had three hit singles, which all reached the top 40 in the UK Singles Chart during 2004 and 2005, but each performed under expectations. Their debut single "Heaven and Earth" was withdrawn from the chart because the single contained a track whose length was longer than permitted for that format. Following singles were "Can't Say Goodbye" and "Serious". A fourth single, "Xanadu" (a cover of the Olivia Newton-John and Electric Light Orchestra song), was due to be released but was cancelled when the group split. They had also recorded songs for a planned studio album.
Their single "Heaven and Earth" was licensed for use in Dancing Stage Fusion by Konami in 2005.

Pete Waterman
Peter Alan Waterman OBE DL (born 15 January 1947) is an English record producer, songwriter, and television personality. As a member of the Stock Aitken Waterman production and songwriting team, he co-wrote and co-produced many UK hit singles. An avid railway enthusiast, Waterman is the owner of significant collections of both historic and commercial railway locomotives and rolling stock.
1981 NCAA Division I basketball tournament
The 1981 NCAA Division I basketball tournament involved 48 schools playing in single-elimination play to determine the national champion of men's  NCAA Division I college basketball. The 43rd annual edition of the tournament began on March 12, 1981, and ended with the championship game on March 30, at The Spectrum in Philadelphia. A total of 48 games were played, including a national third-place game (the last in the NCAA tournament). It was also the last tournament to be televised on NBC, before CBS took over the following year. Additionally, it was the last season in which the NCAA sponsored championships only in men's sports; the first Division I women's tournament would be played the following year.

Indiana, coached by Bob Knight, won the national title with a 63–50 victory over North Carolina, coached by Dean Smith. Isiah Thomas of Indiana was named the Tournament's Most Outstanding Player.

Larry Conley
George Larry Conley (born January 22, 1944) is an American retired professional basketball player.

A 6'3" guard, Conley played college basketball at the University of Kentucky under coach Adolph Rupp. During the 1965–66 season, Conley was a starter on a Kentucky team that also featured Tommy Kron and future Basketball Hall-of-Famers Pat Riley and Louie Dampier. The Wildcats lost the championship game of that season's NCAA tournament 72–65 to Texas Western. This game was the center of the 2006 film Glory Road.

Conley played in the first Kentucky Colonels game of the American Basketball Association before committing to the army.  He played 18 minutes and scored two points in his only game. He currently broadcasts college basketball for Fox Sports, after previously performing the same role for ESPN, NBC, CBS, ABC, and Raycom Sports.
Mountain Rock Music Festival
Mountain Rock Music Festivals, held on a farm near Woodville and later moved to a site near Palmerston North, were widely celebrated Kiwi music events in New Zealand during the 1990s. The event was created and promoted by Paul Geange and Paul Campbell, a Palmerston North Musician and founder of the infamous El Clubbo and the Palmerston North Musician's Society.

New Zealand's online encyclopaedia, Te Ara, notes that "There are regular jazz, folk, ethnic and country music awards and festivals, some of which have been in existence for decades. Large music festivals, for example Sweetwaters, Nambassa and The Big Day Out, have been staged periodically since the 1970s."

Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand
Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand (Te Ara meaning "the road/pathway" in Māori) is an online encyclopedia established in 2001 by the New Zealand Government's Ministry for Culture and Heritage. The web-based content was developed in stages over the next several years; the first sections were published in 2005, and the last in 2014 marking its completion. Te Ara contains over three million words in articles from over 450 authors. Over 30,000 images and video clips are included from thousands of contributors.
Las Ánimas complex
Las Ánimas complex is an archaeological culture of northern Chile considered to be the immediate precursor to the Diaguita culture. The culture developed in the Chilean region of Norte Chico between 800 and 1000 CE. Prior to Las Ánimas complex, an archaeological culture known as El Molle complex existed in Norte Chico from 300 to 700 CE.

Norte Chico, Chile
The Norte Chico (lit. Small North) region is one of five natural regions of continental Chile, as defined by the government agency CORFO in 1950. Its northern border is formed by the limit with the Far North, to the west lies the Pacific Ocean, to the east the Andes mountains and Argentina, and to the south the Zona Central natural region. Although from a strictly geographic point of view, this natural region corresponds to the Chilean territory between the rivers Copiapó and Aconcagua. Traditionally, the Norte Chico refers to the zone comprising the regions of Atacama and Coquimbo. This region was home to the Diaguita people.
Bettendorf Community School District
The Bettendorf Community School District is a public school district in Scott County, Iowa, United States.  The school district covers 9 square miles (23 km2) that includes the western, northern and central areas of Bettendorf, where it is based, and a small section of the east edge of Davenport.

Founded in 1907, the Bettendorf School District operates nine school buildings, all in the city of Bettendorf.

Square mile
The square mile (abbreviated as sq mi and sometimes as mi2) is an imperial and US unit of measure for area. One square mile is equal to the area of a square with each side measuring a length of one mile.