hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rutherglen (Parliament of Scotland constituency)
Rutherglen in Lanarkshire was a royal burgh that returned one commissioner to the Parliament of Scotland and to the Convention of Estates.

After the Acts of Union 1707, Rutherglen, Dumbarton, Glasgow and Renfrew formed the Glasgow district of burghs, returning one member between them to the House of Commons of Great Britain.

Convention of the Estates of Scotland
The Convention of Estates of Scotland was a sister institution to the Scottish Parliament which sat from the early sixteenth century. Initially, it was only attended by the clergy and nobles, but the burgh commissioners were later added. The Convention of Estates differed from Parliament in that it could be summoned by the King for the limited purpose of raising taxation, but could not pass other legislation.

Like its predecessor General Council it played an important role in political and legislative affairs in Scotland in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.

During the Glorious Revolution in Scotland, the Scottish Privy Council asked the King of England, William of Orange, to summon the Convention of Estates of 1689 to determine the throne of Scotland.  It offered it to William and Mary, adopting the Articles of Grievances and Claim of Right Act 1689, and transformed itself into a full parliament.
Jamestown Historic District (Jamestown, North Carolina)
Jamestown Historic District is a national historic district located at Jamestown, Guilford County, North Carolina.  The district encompasses nine contributing buildings in the Quaker community of Jamestown dated to the early-19th century. Located in the district is the separately listed Richard Mendenhall Plantation Buildings. Other notable buildings include the Richard Mendenhall Store, Jamestown Friends' Meeting House, Dr Shubal Coffin's House and Medical School (c. 1812), Dr. Coffin's second house (c. 1855), Harper-Johnson House, Mcinnis House, Joyner House, and Potter Log House.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.

Guilford County, North Carolina
Guilford County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 541,299, making it the third-most populous county in North Carolina. The county seat and largest community is Greensboro. Since 1938, an additional county court has been located in High Point. The county was formed in 1771. Guilford County is included in the Greensboro-High Point, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Greensboro–Winston-Salem–High Point, NC Combined Statistical Area.
Williamstown North
Williamstown North is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 11 km (6.8 mi) south-west of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the City of Hobsons Bay local government area. Williamstown North recorded a population of 1,622 at the 2021 census.

The suburb is bounded to the north by the Warrnambool railway line, to the west by the Altona branch of the Werribee railway line, to the east by Champion Road, and to the south by Kororoit Creek Road. A large part of the suburb comprises the Williamstown North Industrial Precinct.

Williamstown North is home to the Newport Railway Museum in Champion Road, on the south-east corner of the Newport Workshops. It is a short walk from the North Williamstown railway station. The Museum features the largest collection of Victorian Railways steam locomotives. Other exhibits include electric and diesel locomotives, suburban and country passenger carriages, guards vans, a selection of freight wagons and numerous railway artefacts.

Newport Workshops
The Newport Railway Workshops is a facility in the Melbourne suburb of Newport, Australia, that builds, maintains and refurbishes railway rollingstock. It is located between the Williamstown and Werribee railway lines.
VP-26 (1944–1946)
VP-26 was a Patrol Squadron of the U.S. Navy. The squadron was established as Patrol Squadron 26 (VP-26) on 1 May 1944, redesignated Patrol Bombing Squadron 26 (VPB-26) on 1 October 1944, redesignated Patrol Squadron 26 (VP-26) on 15 May 1946 and disestablished on 14 December 1946. It was the second squadron to be designated VP-26, the first VP-26 was redesignated VP-14 on 1 July 1941.

USS Cumberland Sound
USS Cumberland Sound (AV-17) was a Kenneth Whiting-class seaplane tender in the United States Navy.

Cumberland Sound was launched 23 February 1944 by the Todd-Pacific Shipyards, Inc., Tacoma, Washington; sponsored by Mrs. O. A. Tucker; and commissioned 21 August 1944.
Rangeline Conference
The Rangeline Conference was an IHSAA-Sanctioned High School Athletic Conference that lasted from 1965 to 1999, containing schools in Boone, Clinton, Delaware, Hamilton, Hancock, Hendricks, Howard, Marion, Shelby, and Tipton Counties in Central Indiana at various points, though never having more than five counties represented at one time, and the largest membership at once being eight schools.

The conference began as the Mid-Capital Conference in 1965, following the breakup of the Hamilton County Conference due to consolidation. The six school loop was down to four by 1970, but expanded to 7 by 1972 and rebranded itself as the Rangeline, since its footprint was no longer confined to the northern suburbs of Indianapolis. While the conference was stable at 8 schools from 1975 to 1989, size differences and geography plagued Rangeline for its remaining 11 years, until its demise in 2000.

Howard County, Indiana
Howard County is one of 92 counties in the U.S. state of Indiana. As of the 2020 census, the population was 83,658. The county seat is Kokomo. Originally named Richardville County, it was renamed in 1846 to commemorate General Tilghman Ashurst Howard.

Howard County comprises the Kokomo, Indiana, Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Kevy
Kerala Varma (1923 or 1924 – 23 July 2010), popularly known as Kevy, was an Indian political cartoonist.

Kevy began his career by publishing cartoons in Shankar's Weekly. He later became a staff cartoonist at Eastern Economist. During the Emergency, Kevy was jailed, ostensibly for drawing caricatures critical of the prime minister, Indira Gandhi. Kevy drew his last cartoons for The New Indian Express in 2008 and 2009.

Kevy believed in the distinction of cartoons from art, and chose to regard a cartoon as a message – the merit of which only depends on how effectively the message is conveyed. His style changed considerably over the course of his career.

He died on 23 July 2010 in Kochi, aged 86.

Eastern Economist
Eastern Economist was an Indian business weekly. At one time, it was one of the prominent economic and business publications in India, along with others such as Commerce. It closed down in 1982 after having published for 40 years. The proprietor of the weekly at the time was Madhav Prasad Birla. The official reason given for closure were finances. It had a circulation of 3,600 readers at the time of its closure. It had four writers in its Delhi headquarters. The chief editor was Swaminathan S. Aiyar.
Gutenburg Castle
Gutenburg Castle (German: Burg Gutenburg, also Gutenberg, Guttenberg, Weitersheim, or Weithersheim), is the ruin of a hill castle above the village of Gutenberg in the county of Bad Kreuznach in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate.

Bad Kreuznach (district)
Bad Kreuznach (German: [baːt ˈkʁɔʏtsnax]) is a district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is bounded by (from the north and clockwise) the districts of Rhein-Hunsrück, Mainz-Bingen, Alzey-Worms, Donnersbergkreis, Kusel and Birkenfeld.
Mae West (sculpture)
Mae West is a sculpture in Munich-Bogenhausen designed by Rita McBride. Named after the eponymous actress, the plastic artwork is a 52 meter high hyperboloid of one sheet built from carbon fiber reinforced polymer.

Mae West was planned in 2002 for the altered Effnerplatz after construction of a tunnel for the so-called Mittlerer Ring. Following highly controversial discussions about size, shape and cost both within the city council and among the citizens, the sculpture was built between October 2010 and January 2011. Since December 2011, the Munich tram runs through it.

Trams in Munich
The Munich tramway (German: Straßenbahn München) is the tramway network for the city of Munich in Germany. Today it is operated by the municipally owned Münchner Verkehrsgesellschaft (the Munich Transport Company, or MVG) and is known officially and colloquially as the Tram. Previous operators have included Société Anonyme des Tramways de Munich, the Münchner Trambahn-Aktiengesellschaft, the Städtische Straßenbahnen and the Straßenbahn München.

The tram network interconnects with the MVG's bus network, the Munich U-Bahn and the Munich S-Bahn, all of which use a common tariff as part of the Münchner Verkehrs- und Tarifverbund (Munich Transport and Tariff Association, or MVV) transit area.

As of 2012, the daytime tram network comprises 13 lines and is 79 kilometres (49 mi) long with 165 stops. There is also a night tram service with four routes. The network is operated by 106 trams (as of 2012), and transported 98 million people in 2010 and 104 million people in 2012.
Munster pilchard fishery 1570–1750
The Munster pilchard fishery, from approximately 1570 to 1750, saw the fishing of pilchard (sardine) stocks along the South West coast of Ireland between Ardmore, County Waterford and Ballinskelligs, County Kerry. This was an important industry, with Baltimore, Dunmanus, Schull, Sherkin, Kinsale, Bantry, Whiddy Island as centres, together with outlying curing station called "Pallices" of which there were significant numbers along the Southern coast.

Bantry
Bantry (Irish: Beanntraí, meaning '(place of) Beann's people') is a town in the civil parish of Kilmocomoge in the barony of Bantry on the southwest coast of County Cork, Ireland. It lies in West Cork at the head of Bantry Bay, a deep-water gulf extending for 30 km (19 mi) to the west. The Beara Peninsula is to the northwest, with Sheep's Head peninsula to the southwest.

The focus of the town is a large square, formed partly by infilling of the shallow inner harbour. In former times, this accommodated regular cattle fairs; after modernising as an urban plaza, it now features a weekly market and occasional public functions. Two piers protect the harbour.

Bantry is in the Dáil constituency of Cork South-West.
Mount Boninyong
Mount Boninyong is a historic mansion at the base of Mount Buninyong, of which the homestead was named in the original spelling, located on the Midland Highway in Scotsburn, sitting immediately outside of the City of Ballarat in the Shire of Moorabool, Victoria, Australia. Built in 1884 in a distinctive Scottish Baronial style, the homestead and its surrounding garden form one of the most intact examples of late 19th century pastoral residence complexes in the Ballarat region. The property is notable for its association with early Scottish-Australian pastoral settlement.

Shire of Moorabool
The Shire of Moorabool is a local government area in Victoria, Australia, located in the western part of the state. It covers an area of 2,111 square kilometres (815 sq mi) and, in June 2018, had a population of 34,158. It includes the towns of Ballan, Bacchus Marsh, Balliang, Mount Wallace, Myrniong, Blackwood, Greendale, Gordon, Korweinguboora and Mount Egerton, Bungaree, Elaine and Wallace.

The Shire is governed and administered by the Moorabool Shire Council; its seat of local government and administrative centre is located at the council headquarters in Ballan, it also has service centres located in Bacchus Marsh and Darley. The Shire is named after the Moorabool River, a major geographical feature that meanders through the area, which is named after the Wathawurrung word moo-roo-bul referring to a Bunyip-like creature that lives in the river.
Thierry Gouvenou
Thierry Gouvenou (born 14 May 1969) is a French former professional racing cyclist. He rode in seven editions of the Tour de France and one each of the Vuelta a España and the Giro d'Italia.

Since 2014, Gouvenou has worked as a lead course designer of the Tour de France.

Tour de Normandie
Tour de Normandie is a road bicycle race held annually in the region of Normandy, France. The race started in 1939, but was not held in the periods of 1940–1955 and 1960–1980. It was originally a race for amateurs, but was opened for professionals in 1996. The Tour de Normandie has been one of the races in the UCI Europe Tour since 2005, in the 2.2 category. The race was not held in 2020 and 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic The first edition of the women's race was held in March 2023 and was won by Cédrine Kerbaol.
36th Primetime Emmy Awards
The 36th Primetime Emmy Awards were held on September 23, 1984. The ceremony was broadcast on CBS, from the Pasadena Civic Auditorium, Pasadena, California.

The top shows of the night were Cheers and Hill Street Blues. Cheers won its second straight Emmy for Outstanding Comedy Series, while Hill Street Blues made history. It became the first show to win the Emmy for Outstanding Drama Series four times. This record has been tied by L.A. Law, The West Wing, Mad Men and Game of Thrones, but still stands. Hill Street Blues also added to another streak. It received at least 14 major nominations for the fourth straight year, winning four. Cheers received the most nominations on the comedy side (10), winning three.

Sir Laurence Olivier won the last of his five career Emmys this evening. His win was also the last time a non-Network Syndicated performance won an Acting Award.

Hill Street Blues
Hill Street Blues is an American serial police procedural television series that aired on NBC in prime-time from January 15, 1981, to May 12, 1987, for 146 episodes. The show chronicles the lives of the Metropolitan Police Department staff of a single police station located on Hill Street in an unnamed large U.S. city. The "blues" are the police officers in their blue uniforms.

The show received critical acclaim, and its production innovations influenced many subsequent dramatic television series produced in the United States and Canada. In 1981, the series won eight Emmy Awards, a debut season record surpassed only by The West Wing, in 2000. The show won a total of 26 Emmy Awards (out of 98 Emmy Award nominations) during its run, including four consecutive wins for Outstanding Drama Series from 1981–1984.
Meraklije
Meraklije (Serbian Cyrillic: Мераклије) are the organized supporters of the Niš professional football club Radnički Niš, and are one of the major supporter groups in Serbia. Meraklije is plural of the singular form meraklija, which means something like "neko kome je sve po meri, neko ko uživa u nečemu", which roughly translates to "someone to just everything is right, someone who enjoys something"; a person in this state is called a meraklija. Besides the football club, they also support other sport sections in Niš. They are also known for their special support to the Serbian national handball team.

Serbia men's national handball team
The Serbia men's national handball team represents Serbia in international men's handball competitions. It is governed by the Serbian Handball Federation.

In 1999, the Olympic Committee of Yugoslavia declared it the country's male team of the year.
Maplin (retailer)
Maplin Electronics is the trading name of an online retailer of electronic goods in the United Kingdom and Ireland launched in 2019, using the brand of the former company Maplin Electronics Limited, which operated from 1972 to 2018.

The original Maplin company operated many retail shops and an extensive mail order service, online and by telephone; in June 2017, there were 217 Maplin stores. On 28 February 2018, Maplin went into administration and all stores permanently ceased trading in June that year. The brand of Maplin was acquired by a new company, Maplin Online Ltd., on 31 May 2019, later renamed Digital-First Retail Limited, still trading as Maplin. The new company sells similar products to Maplin Electronics Limited, using the Maplin website, branding and trading name. No physical Maplin shops have been opened, and the legal obligations of Maplin Electronics Limited, such as warranty support, were not assumed.

Administration in United Kingdom law
Administration in United Kingdom law is the main kind of procedure in UK insolvency law when a company is unable to pay its debts. The management of the company is usually replaced by an insolvency practitioner whose statutory duty is to rescue the company, save the business, or get the best result possible. While creditors with a security interest over all a company's assets could control the procedure previously through receivership, the Enterprise Act 2002 made administration the main procedure.
Mai Chen
Mai Chen is a New Zealand lawyer with a professional and specialist focus in constitutional and administrative law, Waitangi Tribunal and courts, human rights, white collar fraud and regulatory defence, judicial review, regulatory issues, education law, and public policy and law reform. She was educated at Otago University and Harvard University. She is an adjunct professor at the University of Auckland School of Law.

Chen has featured in Forbes magazine, TEDx talks and the National Business Review (NBR) and was a finalist for the New Zealander of the year award.

National Business Review
National Business Review (or NBR) is one of New Zealand's business news publishing websites. The NBR has focused on delivering breaking business news and analysis since its founding in 1970. NBR is known for its independent journalism for NZ’s economy, providing expert analysis on finance and politics alongside in-depth coverage of investment, tech, Te Ao Māori, primary industries and Australian business coverage. In 2020, the publication shifted to become a digital-first publication for NZ business leaders, offering trusted insights into the Aotearoa New Zealand's economic landscape. The business news publication has won numerous awards in journalism and reporting.

It has journalists in Auckland, Wellington, Canberra and Sydney.
September 12 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Sep. 11 - Eastern Orthodox Church Calendar - Sep. 13

All fixed commemorations below celebrated on September 25 by Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For September 12th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on August 30.

Autonomus
"Autonomus" is a frequent misspelling of "autonomous".

Saint Autonomus (Greek: Άγιος Αυτόνομος; died 313) is a martyr saint.  He is said to have been an Italian bishop who escaped the Diocletianic Persecution by migrating to Bithynia in Asia Minor.  He evangelized the region, served as first bishop of Claudiopolis and was subsequently martyred.

In the Eastern Orthodox Church, his feast day is celebrated on September 12.
Edmundo Arias
Edmundo Dante Arias Valencia was a Colombian musician, songwriter, and bandleader.
Arias composed more than 300 songs, and recorded for various Colombian record labels including Discos Fuentes, Zeida, Ondina, and Sonolux.
He is considered one of the "big three" composers of Colombian tropical music of the 1950s and 60s, alongside Lucho Bermúdez and Pacho Galán.

Bandleader
A bandleader is the leader of a music group such as a dance band, rock or pop band or jazz quartet. The term is most commonly used with a group that plays popular music as a small combo or a big band, such as one which plays jazz, blues, rhythm and blues or rock and roll music. Most bandleaders are also performers with their own band, either as singers or as instrumentalists, playing an instrument such as electric guitar, piano, or other instruments.
Emmanuel Gaillard
Emmanuel Gaillard (1 January 1952 – 1 April 2021) was a prominent practicing attorney, a leading authority on international commercial arbitration, and a law professor. He founded the international arbitration practice of the international law firm Shearman & Sterling before launching Gaillard Banifatemi Shelbaya Disputes, a global law firm dedicated to international arbitration, in 2021. He frequently acted as an arbitrator in international commercial or investment disputes.

Attorney at law
Attorney at law or attorney-at-law, usually abbreviated in everyday speech to attorney, is the preferred term for a practising lawyer in certain jurisdictions, including South Africa (for certain lawyers), Sri Lanka, the Philippines, and the United States. The term has its roots in the verb to attorn, meaning to transfer one's rights and obligations to another.
Joan Oliver Araujo
Joan Oliver Araujo  (born 1959, in Palma de Mallorca) is a Spanish author, who holds the chair of Constitutional Law in the University of the Balearic Islands (UIB).

Among his writings are El recurso de amparo (Universitat de les Illes Balears, 1986); El sistema político de la Constitución española de 1931 (1991); La objeción de conciencia al servicio militar (Editorial Cívitas-Universitat de les Illes Balears, 1993); Política y Derecho (Tirant lo Blanch, 1996); La Constitución día a día (Tirant lo Blanch, 2003) and Los sistemas electorales autonómicos (Generalitat de Catalunya, 2011).

Centre for Political and Constitutional Studies
The Centre for Political and Constitutional Studies (Spanish: Centro de Estudios Políticos y Constitucionales, CEPC), previously known as the Institute for Political Studies (Spanish: Instituto de Estudios Políticos), is an autonomous agency associated with the Ministry for the Presidency of Spain.

Its mission is to analyze the international legal and sociopolitical situation, giving special attention to those issues that concern Spanish law institutions and how they relate to each other internationally and also in Europe. The organization is headquartered at the Palacio de Godoy, a historical building located at the Plaza Marina Española.
Herdman Rocks
The Herdman Rocks (60°42′S 44°20′W﻿ / ﻿60.700°S 44.333°W﻿ / -60.700; -44.333) are two rocks, 15 metres (50 ft) high, lying 1.5 nautical miles (3 km) southeast of Hart Rock and 3 nautical miles (6 km) northeast of Cape Dundas, Laurie Island, in the South Orkney Islands. They were first charted in 1838 by a French expedition under Captain Jules Dumont d'Urville. They were recharted in 1933 by Discovery Investigations and named after Henry F.P. Herdman, for whom Cape Herdman was also named.

Jules Dumont d'Urville
Jules Sébastien César Dumont d'Urville (French pronunciation: [ʒyl dymɔ̃ dyʁvil]; 23 May 1790 – 8 May 1842) was a French explorer and naval officer who explored the south and western Pacific, Australia, New Zealand and Antarctica. As a botanist and cartographer, he gave his name to several seaweeds, plants and shrubs and to places such as d'Urville Island in New Zealand.
Saint-Génis-des-Fontaines
Saint-Génis-des-Fontaines (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ ʒenis de fɔ̃tɛn] ⓘ; Northern Catalan: Sant Genís de Fontanes [ˈsaɲ ʒəˈniz ðə funˈtanəs]) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Orientales department in southern France.

Pyrénées-Orientales
Pyrénées-Orientales (French: [piʁene ɔʁjɑ̃tal] ⓘ; Catalan: Pirineus Orientals [piɾiˈnɛwz uɾiənˈtals]; Occitan: Pirenèus Orientals [piɾeˈnɛwz uɾjenˈtals]; lit. 'Eastern Pyrenees'), also known as Northern Catalonia, is a department of the region of Occitania, Southern France, adjacent to the northern Spanish frontier and the Mediterranean Sea. It borders the departments of Ariège to the northwest and Aude to the north, the Mediterranean Sea to the east and the Spanish province of Girona in Catalonia to the south and the country of Andorra to the west. It also surrounds the tiny Spanish exclave of Llívia, and thus has two distinct borders with Spain. In 2019, it had a population of 479,979. Some parts of the Pyrénées-Orientales (like the Cerdagne) are part of the Iberian Peninsula. It is named after the Pyrenees mountain range. Historically, most of the department corresponds with the northern part of the medieval and early modern Principality of Catalonia.