hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Timeline of the 1Malaysia Development Berhad scandal
The 1Malaysia Development Berhad scandal is an ongoing political scandal in Malaysia, in which then-Prime Minister Najib Razak was accused of channeling over RM 2.67 billion (approximately US$700 million) into his personal bank accounts from 1Malaysia Development Berhad (1MDB), a government-run strategic development company. 1MDB was overseen by Najib as head of its advisory board. Following repeated calls for resignation by the public, Najib lost power in the 2018 Malaysian general election, and is currently on trial along with several key figures involved.

Najib has been convicted at the High Court, the Court of Appeal and the Federal Court over the RM42 million criminal breach of trust and money laundering in the SRC International case, and after numerous failed appeals, in 2022, Najib began serving his jail sentence with other cases continue to be on trial. His wife, Rosmah Mansor, also faces money-laundering and tax evasion charges, to which she has pleaded not guilty.

Mohamed Apandi Ali
Mohamed Apandi bin Ali (born 11 February 1950) is a Malaysian lawyer and politician who was the Attorney General of Malaysia from 2015 to 2018. Six months after assuming office, he cleared then prime minister Najib Razak of any wrongdoing in the 1Malaysia Development Berhad (1MDB) and SRC International cases and marked the investigation for "no further action".
Louis Matruchot
Alphonse Louis Paul Matruchot (born 14 January 1863 in Verrey-sous-Salmaise and died 5 July 1921 in Paris) was a French mycologist.

In 1883 he began work as an assistant teacher at the Lycée Saint-Louis in Paris. In 1889 he received his agrégation for natural sciences, becoming a préparateur of botany at the École normale supérieure (serving from 1889 to 1892). He earned his doctorate in 1892, later being appointed chef de travaux pratiques to the faculty of Paris. In 1902-04 he was a lecturer at the École normale supérieure, followed by an assignment as deputy assistant professor (1904–12).

Matruchot was a member of the Société mycologique de France and the Société botanique de France (1890).

Lycée Saint-Louis
The Lycée Saint-Louis (French pronunciation: [lise sɛ̃ lwi]) is a selective post-secondary school located in the 6th arrondissement of Paris, in the Latin Quarter. It is the only state-funded French lycée that exclusively offers classes préparatoires aux grandes écoles (CPGE; preparatory classes for French top-level educational institutions).

Saint-Louis has educated many notable alumni, including five Nobel Prize laureates, one Fields Medalist, one President of France, as well as major intellectual figures such as Charles Baudelaire, Émile Zola and Louis Pasteur.
Matthew Bowden
Matthew Bowden (1779–1814) served as surgeon in the Royal Lancashire Regiment and assistant surgeon on David Collins' 1803 expedition to found a British settlement in Port Phillip, now part of Victoria, Australia.
The settlement (and Bowden) relocated to Hobart, Tasmania in early 1804.

He died in Tasmania on 23 October 1814.

David Collins (lieutenant governor)
Colonel David Collins (3 March 1756 – 24 March 1810) was a British military officer and colonial administrator who was appointed as the first Judge-Advocate to the British colony of New South Wales. He sailed with Governor Arthur Phillip on the First Fleet and assisted in the founding of what is now known as the city of Sydney. He became secretary to the Governor and was later tasked with establishing a secondary colony in Port Phillip. Collins deemed the site unsatisfactory and transferred this settlement to Van Diemen's Land (later known as Tasmania), where he was appointed Lieutenant Governor and founded the city of Hobart.
Hazelmere Dam
Hazelmere Dam is a combined concrete gravity type dam located on the Mdloti River, Kwazulu Natal, South Africa. It was established in 1977 and its primary purpose is to serve for irrigation and domestic use. The hazard potential of the dam assembly has been ranked high (3).

Mdloti River
The Mdloti River or uMdloti River flows in the KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa.

The mouth of the Mdloti River is situated in eMdloti (part of eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality). The name Mdloti is the Zulu word for a species of wild tobacco that grows here.
William Álvarez (tennis)
William Álvarez (15 December 1934 – 23 January 2022) was a Colombian-born Spanish tennis coach and former professional player. He relocated to Spain in the 1970s and became a world acclaimed coach.

Born in Medellín, Álvarez was an eight-time Colombian national champion and a member of the country's Davis Cup team, debuting in 1959. Álvarez, who is known by his nickname of Pato, made the third round of the 1961 French Championships. In 1963 he missed out on an opportunity to make another Roland Garros third round when he was defaulted during his second round match for arguing with the umpire, while a set up against Martin Mulligan. He died on 23 January 2022, at the age of 87.

Martin Mulligan
Martin "Marty" Mulligan (born 18 October 1940) is a former tennis player from Australia. He is best known for reaching the men's singles final at Wimbledon in 1962, where he was defeated by fellow Australian Rod Laver.
Brandon Lynn
Brandon Lynn (born December 28, 1995) is an American former professional stock car racing racing driver. He last competed part-time in the ARCA Menards Series, driving the No. 22 Ford for Chad Bryant Racing.

Salem Speedway
Salem Speedway is a 0.555 mi (0.893 km) long paved oval racetrack in Washington Township, Washington County, near Salem, Indiana, United States, approximately 100 miles (160 km) south of Indianapolis. The track has 33° degrees of banking in the corners. Major auto racing series that run at Salem are ARCA and USAC.
Namo Media
Namo Media was a technology startup providing in-stream advertisements for mobile applications. It was acquired by Twitter in June 2014 for between $50M and $100M.

It was founded by former Google employees Gabor Cselle, Nassar Stoertz, and Tural Badirkhanli, who raised $1.9 million in seed funding from investors that included Google Ventures, Andreessen Horowitz, and Betaworks. Cselle had sold his previous startup reMail to Google in 2010. Namo Media's advertising SDK for Android and iOS allowed developers to integrate native advertising into applications with streams of content, and was the first to implement server-side location control of native ads. In April 2014, Namo Media launched ad carousel upgrade.

Namo Media's location control technology was integrated into Twitter's MoPub advertising solutions in October 2014.

Andreessen Horowitz
Andreessen Horowitz (commonly known as a16z) is an American privately-held venture capital firm headquartered in Menlo Park, California, United States. It was founded in 2009 by Marc Andreessen and Ben Horowitz.

Andreessen Horowitz invests in both early-stage startups and established growth companies. Its investments span the healthcare, consumer, cryptocurrency, gaming, fintech, education, and enterprise software (including cloud computing, security, and software as a service) industries.

As of July 2025, the company ranks first on the list of venture capital firms by assets under management, with US$46 billion.
Robin Wasserman
Robin Wasserman (born May 31, 1978) is an American novelist and essayist.

Wasserman grew up outside of Philadelphia and graduated from Harvard University and UCLA. Before she was an author she was an associate editor at a children's book publisher. Wasserman has published multiple books for children and young adults, and two critically acclaimed novels for adults. Her most recent novel, Mother Daughter Widow Wife, was a finalist for the 2021 PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction. Her nonfiction has been published by VQR, Buzz Feed, Lit Hub, Los Angeles Review of Books, and The Atlantic. She currently lives in Los Angeles, California, and is on the faculty of the Mountainview Low-Residency MFA program at SNHU. She also writes for television.

Southern New Hampshire University
Southern New Hampshire University (SNHU) is a private university in Manchester and Hooksett, New Hampshire, United States. The university is accredited by the New England Commission of Higher Education, along with national accreditation for some hospitality, health, education and business degrees. It is one of the fastest-growing universities nationwide with 170,000 online students and 3,000 on campus.
Vince Mellars
Vincent "Vinny" Mellars (born 27 January 1984) is a New Zealand rugby league and rugby union footballer who plays in the Centres. He has previously played in the NRL, Super League and Air New Zealand Cup and in the RFL Championship for Featherstone Rovers.

Wainuiomata Lions
The Wainuiomata Lions are a New Zealand rugby league club based in Wainuiomata, Wellington. They compete in the Wellington Rugby League competition.

In the early 1990s, prior to the creation Lion Red Cup national league competition based on provincial teams, Wainuiomata was one of the strongest rugby league teams in New Zealand. They made the final of the 1989 national club competition but went down 10–4 to Northcote. They returned to Carlaw Park the following year to beat Otahuhu 34–12 to win the 1990 title.

A match was also organised against the National Rugby League team Manly Warringah Sea Eagles and played at Fraser Park, Lower Hutt in January 1991.  Manly, featuring international stars such as Matthew Ridge and Martin Bella, were the victors 20 points to 8.

In 1992 Wainuiomata beat Northcote 25–18 to again win the national club championship.
Francesco de Sanctis (architect)
Francesco De Sanctis (1679 in Rome – 1731) was a late Baroque Italian architect, most notable for his design of the Spanish Steps in Rome in collaboration with Alessandro Specchi. These were built between 1723 and 1726 to celebrate the peace treaty between France and Spain, linking the top of the hill (under French influence, with the church of Trinità dei Monti and French monastic institutions) to the Spanish embassy to the Holy See at the bottom of the hill. The design left out some of the richer elements of De Sanctis's original design, such as grand fountains at a break in the steps and two rows of trees down either side to give shade and refreshment to those climbing the steps.

His other known works are the elegant facade of the church of Trinità dei Pellegrini, with a concave profile, an 18th-century version of San Marcello al Corso by Carlo Fontana, and Borsani Claudio.

Trinità dei Monti
The Church of Santissima Trinità dei Monti, often called simply Trinità dei Monti (French: La Trinité-des-Monts), is a Roman Catholic late Renaissance titular church, part of a  monastery complex in Rome. It is best known for its position above the Spanish Steps which lead down to the famous Piazza di Spagna. The church is entrusted to the Emmanuel Community, and is one of the five Francophone Catholic churches in Rome.
Janez Bitenc
Janez Bitenc (25 October 1925 – 4 February 2005) was a Slovene composer and music teacher, best known for the music he wrote for over 400 children's songs and musical stories.

Bitenc was born in Ljubljana. He studied music at the Academy of Music in Ljubljana, where he graduated in 1952. In addition to composing music, he also wrote the lyrics for many of his children's songs and published book of stories for children. In 1971, he won the Levstik Award for his book of songs for young children Ciciban poje (Ciciban Sings). He died in Ljubljana at the age of 79.

Bitenc's songs are known by more or less all preschool and primary school children in Slovenia. Among the best known of his songs are "Kuža pazi" (The Little Dog is Watching), "Naša četica koraka" (Our Little Squad is Marching), "Zajček dolgoušček" (Rabbit Long-Ears), and "Ringa raja."

Slovenes
The Slovenes, also known as Slovenians (Slovene: Slovenci [slɔˈʋéːntsi]), are a South Slavic ethnic group native to Slovenia and adjacent regions in Italy, Austria and Hungary. Slovenes share a common ancestry, culture, and history, and speak Slovene as their native language.

Outside of Slovenia and Europe, Slovenes form diaspora groups in the United States, Canada, Argentina and Australia.
The Detective 2
The Detective 2 is a 2011 Hong Kong thriller film directed by Oxide Pang and starring Aaron Kwok. It is the sequel to 2007's The Detective. The film was followed by a sequel, Conspirators, released in 2013.

Liu Kai-chi
Dick Liu Kai-chi (Chinese: 廖啟智, 30 September 1953 – 28 March 2021) was a Hong Kong actor, best known for his everyman supporting roles. His career spanned over 40 years, with appearances in over 90 television series and 70 films. He earned eight nominations at the Hong Kong Film Awards for Best Supporting Actor, two of which he won; one for his role in the 1992 comedy Cageman, and the other for the action thriller Beast Stalker in 2009.
Parson and Scoville Building
Parson and Scoville Building, also known as the Pasco Building, is a historic commercial building located in downtown Evansville, Indiana. It was built in 1908, and is a six-story, brick building.  The building was originally built to house the warehouse of a wholesale grocery.: Part 1, p. 22

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

Warehouse
A warehouse is a building for storing goods. Warehouses are used by manufacturers, importers, exporters, wholesalers, transport businesses, customs, etc. They are usually large plain buildings in industrial parks on the outskirts of cities, towns, or villages.

Warehouses usually have loading docks to load and unload goods from trucks. Sometimes warehouses are designed for the loading and unloading of goods directly from railways, airports, or seaports. They often have cranes and forklifts for moving goods, which are usually placed on ISO standard pallets and then loaded into pallet racks. Stored goods can include any raw materials, packing materials, spare parts, components, or finished goods associated with agriculture, manufacturing, and production.

In India and Hong Kong, a warehouse may be referred to as a godown. There are also godowns in the Shanghai Bund.
Auberger's blood group
Auberger's blood group is a type of human blood group in which the Aua antigen is expressed. It is found in 82% of caucasians. It may be related to the Lutheran antigen system.

The blood group was named after patient Auberger, who was a 59-year-old French woman with oesophageal varices.

Esophageal varices
Esophageal varices are extremely dilated sub-mucosal veins in the lower third of the esophagus. They are most often a consequence of portal hypertension, commonly due to cirrhosis. People with esophageal varices have a strong tendency to develop severe bleeding which when left untreated can be fatal. Esophageal varices are typically diagnosed through an esophagogastroduodenoscopy.
Peter Ceffons
Peter Ceffons (French: Pierre Ceffons, Latin: Petrus de Ceffons Clarevallensis; fl.1340s) was a French Cistercian theologian and scholastic philosopher, who became Abbot of Clairvaux. He is considered an early humanist for his style.

He lectured on the Sentences at Paris in the late 1340s, using angle as a metaphor. He was influenced by Adam Wodeham, Gregory of Rimini and John of Mirecourt.

He wrote a satirical work Epistola Luciferi ad Cleros, an attack on the secular clergy; it is dated to 1352.

Clairvaux Abbey
Clairvaux Abbey (/klɛərˈvoʊ/, French: [klɛʁvo] l’abbaye de Clairvaux; Latin: Clara Vallis) was a Cistercian monastery in Ville-sous-la-Ferté, 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from Bar-sur-Aube. The abbey was founded in 1115 by Bernard of Clairvaux. As a primary abbey, it was one of the most significant monasteries in the order. Dissolved during the French Revolution, it was used from 1808 to 2023 as Clairvaux Prison, a high-security correctional facility. As of 2024, the site was being converted to a tourist destination.

Its layout was significantly altered by construction in the 18th and 19th centuries. Before it was a prison, Clairvaux Abbey served as an archetype for Cistercian monasteries; significant portions of the ancient abbey remain standing.
Multiple comparisons problem
Multiple comparisons, multiplicity or multiple testing problem occurs when many statistical tests are performed on the same dataset. Each test has its own chance of a Type I error (false positive), so the overall probability of making at least one false positive increases as the number of tests grows. In statistics, this occurs when one simultaneously considers a set of statistical inferences or estimates a subset of selected parameters based on observed values.

The probability of false positives is measured through the family-wise error rate (FWER). The larger the number of inferences made in a series of tests, the more likely erroneous inferences become.  Several statistical techniques have been developed to compensate for the number of inferences being made—for example, by requiring a stricter significance threshold for individual comparisons.

Estimation theory
Estimation theory is a branch of statistics that deals with estimating the values of parameters based on measured empirical data that has a random component.  The parameters describe an underlying physical setting in such a way that their value affects the distribution of the measured data. An estimator attempts to approximate the unknown parameters using the measurements.
In estimation theory, two approaches are generally considered:

The probabilistic approach (described in this article) assumes that the measured data is random with a probability distribution dependent on the parameters of interest

The set-membership approach assumes that the measured data vector belongs to a set which depends on the parameter vector.
Robert Hugh MacKay
Robert Hugh MacKay (June 30, 1868 – February 18, 1941) was a businessman and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Pictou County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1909 to 1917 as a Liberal member.

He was born in Riverton, Nova Scotia, the son of Daniel MacKay and Christy Ann Robertson. MacKay was educated in Stellarton. In 1897, he married Margaret Fraser. MacKay was mayor of Westville in 1907. He ran unsuccessfully for a seat in the provincial assembly in 1906. MacKay was an unsuccessful candidate for a seat in the House of Commons in 1917 and 1925.

Stellarton
Stellarton (Scottish Gaelic: Meinnean na h-Albann) is a town in the province of Nova Scotia, Canada. It is adjacent and to the south of the larger town of New Glasgow. In pioneer times the area was called Coal Mines Station, and from 1833 until 1889, it was known as Albion Mines. The town was incorporated as Stellarton in 1889 and owes its name to a specific type of torbanite which came to be known as "stellarite" because of the "stars of fire" given off by its sparky flame.
Laurentum
Laurentum was an ancient Roman city of Latium situated between Ostia and Lavinium, on the west coast of the Italian Peninsula southwest of Rome. Roman writers regarded it as the original capital of Italy, before Lavinium assumed that role after the death of King Latinus. In historical times, Laurentum was united with Lavinium, and the name Lauro-Lavinium is sometimes used to refer to both.

Latinus
Latinus (Latin: Latinus; Ancient Greek: Λατῖνος, Latînos, or Λατεῖνος, Lateînos) was a figure both in Greek and Roman mythology.  He is often associated with the heroes of the Trojan War, namely Odysseus and Aeneas.  Although his appearance in the Aeneid is irreconcilable with his appearance in Greek mythology, the two pictures are so different that he cannot be seen as one character.
Sally Rowena Munt
Sally Rowena Munt (born 1960) is a feminist academic and author. She has written several books including Murder by the Book: Feminism and the Crime Novel.

Munt grew up in Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, and was educated at the University of Southampton (B.A. English and Media Studies), the University of Sussex (M.A. Twentieth Century Literature and Culture, D.Phil. English Literature and Cultural Studies), the University of Brighton (M.Sc Cognitive Psychotherapy) and the Brighton and Sussex Medical School (PG Dip. Psychiatry).

Having worked at several British universities, including as senior lecturer in English and Cultural Studies at Nottingham Trent University, Munt is professor of Media and Cultural Studies at the University of Sussex. Her scholarship is concerned with gender/sexuality studies, class and cultural politics, and spatial theory. She is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts.

Sociology of space
The sociology of space is a sub-discipline of sociology that mostly borrows from theories developed within the discipline of geography, including the sub fields of human geography, economic geography, and feminist geography. The "sociology" of space examines the social and material constitution of spaces. It is concerned with understanding the social practices, institutional forces, and material complexity of how humans and spaces interact. The sociology of space is an inter-disciplinary area of study, drawing on various theoretical traditions including Marxism, postcolonialism, and Science and Technology Studies, and overlaps and encompasses theorists with various academic disciplines such as geography and architecture.  Edward T. Hall developed the study of Proxemics which concentrates on the empirical analysis of space in psychology.
Leipziger Parkeisenbahn
The Leipziger Parkeisenbahn (Leipzig park railway) is a 15 in (381 mm) minimum-gauge railway in Leipzig, Germany. The line is also known as the Parkeisenbahn Auensee.

The Railway was first opened in 1951 as "Pioniereisenbahn", one of the children's railways in the former Eastern Bloc Countries.

The line of 1.9 kilometres (1.2 mi) goes around a lake called Auensee (formed in 1909, from a gravel pit, the material used to build Leipzig Central Station).

Minimum-gauge railway
Minimum-gauge railways are railways with track gauges smaller than those of narrow-gauge railways, primarily designed for light, industrial, or tourist transportation. The most common gauges for minimum-gauge railways include:

15 in (381 mm)

400 mm (15+3⁄4 in)

16 in (406 mm)

18 in (457 mm)

19 in (483 mm)

500 mm (19+3⁄4 in)

20 in (508 mm)

These railways have been developed for applications such as estate transport, mining, agriculture, and amusement parks, offering an economical and adaptable solution for restricted environments.
2013 German Indoor Athletics Championships
The 2013 German Indoor Athletics Championships (German: Deutsche Leichtathletik-Hallenmeisterschaften 2013) was the 60th edition of the national championship in indoor track and field for Germany. It was held on 23–24 February at the Helmut-Körnig-Halle in Dortmund. A total of 26 events, 13 for men and 13 for women, were contested plus five further events were held separately. It was to serve as preparation for the 2013 European Athletics Indoor Championships. The event was sold out on both days.

The combined events and racewalking national championships were held on 26–27 January at the Leichtathletikhalle Frankfurt-Kalbach in Kalbach-Riedberg. The 3 × 800 m and 3 × 1000 m relays were held on 17 February alongside the  German Indoor Youth Athletics Championships in Halle (Saale).

Christina Schwanitz won the women's shot put with the best performance by any athlete that year.

Kalbach-Riedberg
Kalbach-Riedberg (German pronunciation: [ˈkalbax ˈʁiːtbɛʁk]) is a borough (Ortsbezirk) of Frankfurt am Main, Germany. It is subdivided into the Stadtbezirke Kalbach and Riedberg. Kalbach has a long history and has been mentioned in documented sources as early as year 772. 1200 years later, in 1972, Kalbach was incorporated into Frankfurt am Main. The Riedberg area of Kalbach-Riedberg has a more recent history. As a way to combat housing shortage in Frankfurt am Main, a project to create housing space for about 20,000 was initiated here in 2001. As of 2020, Kalbach-Riedberg has a population of 22,170.