hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Name change
Name change is the legal act by a person of adopting a new name.

The procedures and ease of a name change vary between jurisdictions. In general, common law jurisdictions have looser procedures while civil law jurisdictions are more restrictive. While some civil law jurisdictions have loosened procedures, a few remain complicated.

A pseudonym is a name used in addition to the original or true name. This does not require legal sanction. Pseudonyms may be adopted to conceal a person's identity, but may also be used for personal, social or ideological reasons.

Birth certificate
A birth certificate is a vital record that documents the birth of a person. The term "birth certificate" can refer to either the original document certifying the circumstances of the birth or to a certified copy of or representation of the ensuing registration of that birth. Depending on the jurisdiction, a record of birth might or might not contain verification of the event by a healthcare professional such as a midwife or doctor.

The United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 17 of 2015, an integral part of the 2030 Agenda, has a target to increase the timely availability of data regarding age, gender, race, ethnicity, and other relevant characteristics which documents like a birth certificate have the capacity to provide.
Green Flash Brewing Company
Green Flash Brewing Company is an American craft brewery headquartered in the Mira Mesa neighborhood of San Diego, California, and founded in 2002. In early April 2018, the company sold to a group of investors, WC IPA LLC following a foreclosure by the company’s principal lender, Comerica Bank.

Starting in 2013 it began expanding, seeking to cover all 50 US states and to export as well.  It acquired another company, Alpine Beer Company, in 2014, and opened an East Coast brewery in 2016.  However it financed the expansion with loans, and in the face of competition from local craft breweries it was not able to keep up with its payments. The company tried to shrink to control its costs but by April 2018 its lender foreclosed, and the company was sold to a private investor group.

In January 2022 Green Flash was acquired by Tilray.

Mira Mesa, San Diego
Mira Mesa (Spanish for "Table View"), which was established in the late 1960s, is a community and neighborhood in San Diego, California. The city-recognized Mira Mesa Community Plan Area is roughly bounded by Interstate 15 on the east, Interstate 805 on the west, the Los Peñasquitos Canyon on the north and Marine Corps Air Station Miramar on the south. Most of the community plan area is referred to as Mira Mesa; the community plan area also includes the neighborhoods of Sorrento Valley and Sorrento Mesa.

The Mira Mesa neighborhood, as defined by the San Diego Police Department's neighborhood map, is roughly bounded by Interstate 15 to the east, Camino Santa Fe to the west, the Los Peñasquitos Canyon to the north and Carroll Canyon to the south.
Shipley, New South Wales
Shipley is a small hamlet village in the state of New South Wales, Australia, in the City of Blue Mountains. It is an unbounded locality within the locality of Blackheath, south-west of the township of Blackheath. The Shipley Plateau, on which the village is built, divides the Megalong Valley and Kanimbla Valley.

Shipley Plateau
Shipley Plateau is located south of Blackheath, New South Wales in the Blue Mountains of New South Wales, Australia.  Faced with sandstone escarpments, the plateau is accessible by road and some of the land area is planted with fruit orchards. The Hargraves Lookout on its south easterly limit provides an excellent view of the Megalong Valley.

Logan Brae Apple Orchard is the only apple orchard left operating on the plateau.
Rollkur
Rollkur or hyperflexion of the horse's neck is defined as "flexion of the horse's neck achieved through aggressive force" and is banned in International and Olympic sanctioned equestrian sports by the governing body, the International Federation for Equestrian Sports (FEI). The FEI recognises a distinction between rollkur and the riding of the horse in a deep outline not achieved by force.

Rollkur has been used by dressage and show jumping riders.  The technique has been controversial for some time; petitions and boycotts (including a threatened boycott of the London 2012 Olympics) have been created to ban the practice. The FEI moved to ban the practice following the release of video of Swedish dressage rider Patrik Kittel using rollkur during a competition warm-up, where the horse's tongue appeared to turn blue as a result of the manoeuvre.

Equestrian events at the Summer Olympics
Equestrian sports were first included in the Olympic Games in the Summer Olympics of 1900 in Paris. They were again included in 1912, and have been included in every subsequent edition of the Games. Currently, the Olympic equestrian disciplines are dressage, eventing, and show jumping. In each discipline, both individual and team medals are awarded. Since the XV Olympiad in Helsinki in 1952, women and men compete on equal terms.

It is the only Olympic event that involves animals. The horses are considered to be athletes as much as the riders.

The international governing body for equestrian sports is the Fédération Équestre Internationale. The first Olympics held under its authority were in 1924. Since that time, Germany has established itself as the leading power in equestrian competitions.
Abydenus
Abydenus or Abydenos (Ancient Greek: Ἀβυδηνός, romanized: Abudinós) was a Greek historian who wrote a history of Assyria and Babylonia entitled On the Assyrians. Only some fragments are preserved by Eusebius in his Praeparatio Evangelica and the Armenian translation of his Chronicon; by Cyril of Alexandria in his work against the Emperor Julian; and by George Syncellus.

It is uncertain when he lived. He made use of the Chaldaika of Alexander Polyhistor, who wrote between 80 and 40 BC, and the earliest writer to cite him is Eusebius, writing around AD 300. Abydenus could have been alive at any point between these dates, but he most likely worked during the Second Sophistic in the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD. Cyril states that he wrote in the Ionic dialect. He is to be distinguished from Palaephatus Abydenus, who lived in the time of Alexander the Great.

Ionic Greek
Ionic or Ionian Greek (Ancient Greek: Ἰωνική, romanized: Iōnikḗ) was a subdialect of the Eastern or Attic–Ionic dialect group of Ancient Greek. The Ionic group traditionally comprises three dialectal varieties that were spoken in Euboea (West Ionic), the northern Cyclades (Central Ionic), and from c. 1000 BC onward in Asiatic Ionia (East Ionic), where Ionian colonists from Athens founded their cities. Ionic was the base of several literary language forms of the Archaic and Classical periods, both in poetry and prose. The works of Homer and Hesiod are among the most popular poetic works that were written in a literary form of the Ionic dialect, known as Epic or Homeric Greek. The oldest Greek prose, including that of Heraclitus, Herodotus, Democritus, and Hippocrates, was also written in Ionic. By the end of the 5th century BC, Ionic was supplanted by Attic, which had become the dominant dialect of the Greek world.
Percy Schofield
Percy Schofield (April/May/June 1893 – 20 June 1968) was an English footballer who played as a forward. Born in Bolton, he made one appearance for Manchester United in the Football League, against Preston North End on 1 October 1921. He also played for Eccles United and Hurst.

Ashton United F.C.
Ashton United Football Club is a football club in Ashton-under-Lyne, Greater Manchester, England. They are currently members of the Northern Premier League Premier Division, the seventh tier of English football, and play at Hurst Cross. Established as Hurst in 1878, the club folded in 1892 before being reformed in 1909 and renamed Ashton United in 1947.
Japan Shogi Association
The Japan Shogi Association (日本将棋連盟, Nihon Shōgi Renmei), or JSA, is the primary organizing body for professional shogi in Japan. The JSA sets the professional calendar, negotiates sponsorship and media promotion deals, helps organize tournaments and title matches, publishes shogi-related materials, supervises and trains apprentice professionals as well as many other activities.

Takatsuki
Takatsuki (高槻市, Takatsuki-shi) is a city in Osaka Prefecture, Japan.  As of 31 March 2023, the city had an estimated population of 348,020 in 164,494 households and a population density of 3.300 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 105.29 square kilometres (40.65 sq mi).
HMS Frederick
Three vessels named Frederick have served the British Royal Navy (RN). In each case, the service was brief.

Between 1799 and 1801 the Royal Navy deployed a schooner named Frederick in the West Indies. She was under the command of a Lieutenant W. Edwards.

In 1803 the hired armed cutter Lord Nelson was renamed Frederick for the last few months of her service.

In 1819 the insurance companies in Malta hired a Gibraltarian brig named Frederick to chase a British pirate, Captain Delano, in William. HMS Spey and Racehorse provided a lieutenant, a midshipman, and 18 seamen to man Frederick. After Frederick captured William, and the pirates, most of whom were later hanged, the RN personnel returned to their vessels.

HMS Racehorse (1806)
HMS Racehorse was a Royal Navy 18-gun Cruizer-class brig-sloop built by Hamilton & Breeds and launched in 1806 at Hastings. She served in the English Channel, where she captured a small privateer, and in the East Indies, where she participated in the capture of Isle de France (now Mauritius) and the operations around it. She was wrecked in 1822.
Draken International
Draken International, LLC is an American provider of tactical fighter aircraft for contract air services including military and defense industry customers. The firm is based at the Lakeland Linder International Airport in Lakeland, Florida, and also has operating bases at Kinston Regional Jetport and Kelly Field in San Antonio, Texas.

Draken offers airborne adversary support (Red Air), joint terminal attack controller (JTAC), close air support (CAS), flight training, threat simulation, electronic warfare support, aerial refueling, research, and testing services to the U.S. Department of Defense, U.S. defense contractors and aerospace firms, provided by a fleet of former military aircraft.

Air National Guard
The Air National Guard (ANG), also known as the Air Guard, is a federal military reserve force of the United States Air Force (USAF), as well as the "air militia" of each U.S. state, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and the territories of Guam and the U.S. Virgin Islands. It, along with the Army National Guard component of each state, district, commonwealth or territory, makes up the National Guard of each region as applicable. Additionally, the ANG and the United States Air Force Reserve constitute the two air reserve components of the USAF.

When Air National Guard units are used under the jurisdiction of the state governor they are fulfilling their militia role. However, when federalized by order of the president of the United States, ANG units become an active part of the U.S. Air Force. They are jointly administered by the states and the National Guard Bureau, a joint bureau of the Army and Air Force that oversees the U.S. National Guard.
Hagen (given name)
Hagen is a masculine given name. Bearers of the name include:

Hagen Danner (born 1998), American baseball player

Hagen Kearney (born 1991), American snowboarder

Hagen Kleinert (born 1941), German theoretical physicist

Hagen Kunze (born 1973), German journalist, music critic and playwright

Hagen Liebing (1961–2016), German bass player for the punk band Die Ärzte and journalist

Hagen von Ortloff (born 1949), German television presenter

Hagen Reeck (born 1959), German football manager and former player

Hagen Reinhold (born 1978), German politician

Hagen Rether (born 1969), Romanian-born German political cabaret artist and musician

Hagen Schulte (born 1993), New Zealand rugby union player

Hagen Schulze (1943–2014), German historian

Hagen Stamm (born 1960), German former water polo player

Hagen Stehr (born 1941), German-born Australian businessman

Hagen Danner
Hagen Jarrell Danner (born September 30, 1998) is an American professional baseball pitcher in the Cincinnati Reds organization. He has previously played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Toronto Blue Jays.
1996 Paris–Nice
The 1996 Paris–Nice was the 54th edition of the Paris–Nice cycle race and was held from 10 March to 17 March 1996. The race started in Châteauroux and finished in Nice. The race was won by Laurent Jalabert of the ONCE team.

Châteauroux
Châteauroux (/ˌʃætoʊˈruː/ SHAT-oh-ROO; French pronunciation: [ʃɑtoʁu] ⓘ; Occitan: Chasteurós) is the capital city of the French department of Indre, central France and the second-largest town in the province of Berry, after Bourges. Its residents are called Castelroussins (pronounced [kastɛlʁusɛ̃]) in French.
Khania Dighi Mosque
The Khania Dighi Mosque (Bengali: খনিয়াদিঘি মসজিদ) also known locally as the Chamchika or the Rajbibi mosque is a mosque located in the Chapai Nawabganj District, in the Rajshahi Division of Bangladesh. Completed in 1480 CE by an unknown noble woman, the mosque is believed to be one of the earliest works of the Gaudas, and is situated near the Choto Sona Mosque.

Kingdom of Gauda
The Gauḍa kingdom was a kingdom during the Classical era in the Indian subcontinent, which originated in the Gauda region of Bengal (modern-day West Bengal and Bangladesh) in 4th century CE or possibly earlier.
Merrimack Warriors softball
The Merrimack Warriors softball team represents Merrimack College in NCAA Division I college softball. The team participates in the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference (MAAC), having joined following the 2023–2024 academic school year. From 1985 until 2019, the team was a member of the Northeast-10 Conference (NE–10), playing at the Division II level before transitioning to Division I in 2020. From 2020 until 2024, the team was a member of the Northeast Conference (NEC). In 2024 they joined the Metro athletic conference (MAAC). The Warriors are currently led by head coach Elaine Schwager. The team plays its home games at Martone-Mejail Field located on the college's campus.

Metro Athletic Conference
The Metro Athletic Conference (also known as the Dallas Athletic Conference) is a junior college athletic conference within the National Junior College Athletic Association (NJCAA) Region 5. The conference consists of six junior colleges located in Dallas County, Texas.
Xalko
Xalko is a Canadian documentary film, directed by Sami Mermer and Hind Benchekroun and released in 2018. The film profiles Mermer's own birthplace of Xalko, a Kurdish village in Turkey where the women are preserving Kurdish tradition after most of the men have left as refugees from the Kurdish–Turkish conflict.

The film premiered in November 2018 at the Montreal International Documentary Festival. It won the Prix Iris for Best Documentary Film at the 22nd Quebec Cinema Awards in 2020, and Mermer received a nomination for Best Cinematography in a Documentary.

Prix Iris for Best Cinematography in a Documentary
The Prix Iris for Best Cinematography in a Documentary (French: Prix Iris de la meilleure direction de la photographie d'un long métrage documentaire) is an annual film award, presented by Québec Cinéma as part of its Prix Iris awards program, to honour the year's best cinematography in documentary films made within the Cinema of Quebec.

The award was presented for the first time at the 19th Quebec Cinema Awards in 2017.

Étienne Roussy is the most nominated and awarded cinematographer in this category, having received four nominations and two awards.

With his win for Mother Saigon (Má Sài Gòn), Mathieu Laverdière became the first cinematographer to receive an award for Best Cinematography in a Documentary and Best Cinematography, having previously won for Underground (Souterrain).
October 2014 Sinai attacks
On 24 October 2014, militant group Ansar Beit al-Maqdis ISIL launched two attacks on Egyptian Armed Forces positions in the Sinai Peninsula, killing at least 33 security personnel in one of the deadliest assaults on the Egyptian military in decades.

The first attack in Sheikh Zuweid near Karm Al-Qawades check point killed at least 30 soldiers, while the second one (which took place three hours later near Al-Arish) killed three soldiers. The incidents prompted Egypt's president Abdel Fattah el-Sisi to call for a security meeting, during which a three-months state of emergency and curfew were announced. In addition, the Rafah border crossing with Gaza was closed, a buffer zone between Gaza and Egypt was initiated, a Hamas delegation was refused entry into Egypt, and peace talks between Israel and Gaza were postponed.

Sheikh Zuweid
Sheikh Zuweid (also spelled Sheikh Zoweid, Shaykh Zuwayd, or Sheikh Zouède; Arabic: الشيخ زويد  Arabic pronunciation: [aʃˈʃeːx zeˈweːd, -zoˈwæjjed], Coptic: ⲃⲁⲓⲧⲩⲗⲟⲩⲁ, Greek: Bitulion) is a Bedouin town in the North Sinai Governorate of Egypt near the border with the Gaza Strip. It is situated between the cities of Arish and Rafah and is 334 kilometers (214 miles) northeast of Cairo. It had a population of around 60,000 as of 2015.
1734 British general election
The 1734 British general election returned members to serve in the House of Commons of the 8th Parliament of Great Britain to be summoned, after the merger of the Parliament of England and the Parliament of Scotland in 1707. Robert Walpole's increasingly unpopular Whig government lost ground to the Tories and the opposition Whigs, but still had a secure majority in the House of Commons. The Patriot Whigs under William Pulteney were joined in opposition by a group of Whig members led by Lord Cobham. They were known as the Cobhamites, or 'Cobham's Cubs'.

Cobhamites
The Cobhamite faction (often known as Cobham's Cubs) were an 18th-century British political faction built around Richard Temple, 1st Viscount Cobham and his supporters. Among its members, the group included the future Prime Ministers William Pitt and George Grenville. They had a general Whig philosophy and were at first supporters of Prime Minister Sir Robert Walpole but later became opponents of his administration.
Richmond Power Station
Richmond Power Station was a coal fired power station which operated on the banks of the Yarra River in Richmond, Victoria, Australia from its construction in 1891 until its closure in 1976. It was one of the first alternating current (AC) electricity generation plants in the state. It has since been converted into office space and is the headquarters of international fashion brand Country Road and advertising agency CHE Proximity. The area in which it is located is now called Cremorne.

The former power station is listed on the Victorian Heritage Register.

Country Road Group
The Country Road Group is a middle market clothing retailer with operations in Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. It is a subsidiary of major South African retail company Woolworths, which is headquartered in Cape Town.

The company's brands include the self-named Country Road, Mimco, Trenery, Politix, and Witchery. As of 2025, Country Road has 630 locations, 88 of which are in South Africa, with the rest situation across Australasia.
Carla Signoris
Carla Signoris (Italian pronunciation: [ˈkarla siɲˈɲoːris]; born 10 October 1960) is an Italian comedian and film, theatre and television actress.

In 2009 she was nominated to the David di Donatello for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in Ex.

As a dubber, she provided the Italian voice to Dory in Finding Nemo and Finding Dory and to Mrs. Krum in Klaus.

David di Donatello
The David di Donatello Awards, named after Donatello's David, a symbolic statue of the Italian Renaissance, are film awards given out each year by the Accademia del Cinema Italiano (the Academy of Italian Cinema). There are 26 award categories, as of 2023. The industry-voted awards are considered the Italian equivalent of the American Academy Awards.
Fredrik Brubakken
Fredrik Brubakken  is a Norwegian handball player.

He made his debut on the Norwegian national team in 1986, 
and played 111 matches for the national team between 1986 and 1994. He participated at the 1993 World Men's Handball Championship.

Brubakken was awarded the Håndballstatuetten trophy from the Norwegian Handball Federation in 2013.

Håndballstatuetten
Håndballstatuetten is a Norwegian Handball award given to Norwegian players who has represented the Norwegian national team. The awardee must have played at least 200 matches and played at least 60% of matches in a 6-year period. It is awarded after the player has retired.

The award was first awarded in 1998.
Lars Gallenius
Lars Gallenius (circa 1658 Oulu – 25 March 1753 Jakobstad) was a Finnish painter who lived in what was then Sweden.

He was the first "free art person" in Finland. He received the bourgeois rights of the city of Oulu for painting in 1688. He primarily painted religious-themed murals and altarpieces for churches, and traveled the country looking for work. He executed wooden paintings for the Tornio church in 1684, the Hailuoto church in 1690, altarpieces for the Sotkamo church in 1719, wood paintings for the Haapajärvi church in 1747. Gallenius married Catharina Lundinus in 1690, and they had a son James. He died in Jakobstad.

Tornio
Tornio (Finnish: [ˈtornio]; Swedish: Torneå; Northern Sami: Duortnus [ˈtuo̯rtnuːs]; Inari Sami: Tuárnus) is a city and municipality in Lapland, Finland.  The city forms a cross-border twin city together with Haparanda on the Swedish side. The municipality covers an area of 1,348.83 square kilometres (520.79 sq mi), of which 161.59 km2 (62.39 sq mi) is water. The population density is 17.61 inhabitants per square kilometre (45.6/sq mi), with a total population of 20,932 (30 June 2025).

Tornio is unilingually Finnish with a negligible number of native Swedish speakers, although this does not count vast numbers of bilinguals who speak Swedish as a second language, with an official target of universal working bilingualism for both border municipalities.
Nasim Ali
Nasim "Nash" Ali (Bengali: নাসিম আলী; born 7 February 1969) is a British Labour Party politician, councillor for Regent's Park, former Cabinet Member for Young People in Camden Council and former Mayor of Camden. In May 2003, at the age of 34, after being elected Mayor of Camden, he became the UK's youngest mayor, as well as the first Bangladeshi and first Muslim mayor.

Westminster Kingsway College
Westminster Kingsway College, rebranded in the 2020s to Capital City College Group, provides further, adult and higher education full-time and part-time courses, including vocational technical courses, A Levels, T Levels and professional and academic courses at different levels.