hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kuklen
Kuklen (Bulgarian: Куклен [ˈkuklɛn]) is a town in southern Bulgaria, part of Plovdiv Province. It is located 7 km to the south of the nearest major city, Plovdiv, and is approximately 140 km south east of the Bulgarian capital, Sofia. Kuklen was proclaimed a town on 23 May 2006, and as of 2005 had a population of 6,877. It is the center of Kuklen Municipality.

Kuklen is notable for having, despite its low population, not only a majority Bulgarian Orthodox population with several Orthodox churches, but also Muslim residents and a mosque, as well as a Greek Catholic community and a Catholic place of worship, with all three religious communities living on good terms with each other.

Plovdiv
Plovdiv (Bulgarian: Пловдив, pronounced [ˈpɫɔvdif]) is the second-largest city in Bulgaria and the most populous city in the Bulgarian part of the historic region of Thrace, located 144 km (93 miles) southeast of the capital Sofia. It had a population of 329,489 as of 2024 and 540,000 in its greater metropolitan area. An important economic, transport, cultural, and educational hub of Bulgaria, Plovdiv was the European Capital of Culture in 1999 and 2019, and joined the UNESCO Global Network of Learning Cities in 2016.
John Paxton
John Paxton (May 21, 1911 – January 5, 1985) was an American screenwriter.

Some of his films include Murder, My Sweet in 1944, Cornered in 1945, Crossfire in 1947 (an adaptation of the controversial novel The Brick Foxhole that earned him his only Oscar nomination). He helped adapt the screenplay for the controversial film The Wild One in 1953, starring Marlon Brando.

Paxton's work twice received the Mystery Writers of America's Edgar Award for Best Motion Picture Screenplay, for Murder, My Sweet and Crossfire.

Mystery Writers of America
The Mystery Writers of America (MWA) is a professional organization of mystery and crime writers, based in New York City.

The organization was founded in 1945 by Clayton Rawson, Anthony Boucher, Lawrence Treat, and Brett Halliday.

It presents the Edgar Award, a small bust of Edgar Allan Poe, to mystery or crime writers every year.  It presents the Raven Award to non-writers who contribute to the mystery genre. The category of Best Juvenile Mystery is also part of the Edgar Award, with such notable recipients as Barbara Brooks Wallace having won the honor twice for The Twin in the Tavern in 1994 and Sparrows in the Scullery in 1998, and Tony Abbott for his novel The Postcard in 2009.

John Dickson Carr, who also served as president of the MWA, won a Grand Master Award in 1949 and 1962.
Gmina Malechowo
Gmina Malechowo is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Sławno County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. Its seat is the village of Malechowo, which lies approximately 13 kilometres (8 mi) south-west of Sławno and 161 km (100 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

The gmina covers an area of 226.63 square kilometres (87.5 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 6,560.

Sławno County
Sławno County (Polish: powiat sławieński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in West Pomeranian Voivodeship, north-western Poland, on the Baltic coast. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the town of Sławno, which lies 174 kilometres (108 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin. The only other town in the county is Darłowo, lying on the coast 19 km (12 mi) west of Sławno.

The county covers an area of 1,043.62 square kilometres (402.9 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 57,643, out of which the population of Darłowo is 14,380, that of Sławno is 13,314, and the rural population is 29,949.
Rulkov map
The Rulkov map is a two-dimensional iterated map used to model a biological neuron. It was proposed by Nikolai F. Rulkov in 2001. The use of this map to study neural networks has computational advantages because the map is easier to iterate than a  continuous dynamical system. This saves memory and simplifies the computation of large neural networks.

Iterated function
In mathematics, an iterated function is a function that is obtained by composing another function with itself two or several times. The process of repeatedly applying the same function is called iteration. In this process, starting from some initial object, the result of applying a given function is fed again into the function as input, and this process is repeated.

For example, on the image on the right:

Iterated functions are studied in computer science, fractals, dynamical systems, mathematics and renormalization group physics.
Dillapiole
Dillapiole is an organic chemical compound and essential oil commonly extracted from dill weed, though it can be found in a variety of other plants such as fennel root. This compound is closely related to apiole, having a methoxy group positioned differently on the benzene ring. Dillapiole works synergically with certain insecticides like pyrethrins similarly to piperonyl butoxide, which likely results from inhibition of the MFO enzyme of insects.

No carcinogenicity was detected with parsley apiol or dill apiol in mice.

Piperonyl butoxide
Piperonyl butoxide (PBO) is a pale yellow to light brown liquid organic compound used as an adjuvant component of pesticide formulations for synergy. That is, despite having no pesticidal activity of its own, it enhances the potency of certain pesticides such as carbamates, pyrethrins, pyrethroids, and rotenone.  
It is a semisynthetic derivative of safrole and is produced from the condensation of the sodium salt of 2-(2-butoxyethoxy) ethanol and the chloromethyl derivative of hydrogenated safrole (dihydrosafrole);
or through 1,2-Methylenedioxybenzene.
81 Ceti
81 Ceti is a star located approximately 343 light-years away from the Sun in the equatorial constellation of Cetus. 81 Ceti is the Flamsteed designation for this object. It is visible to the naked eye as a dim, yellow-hued point of light with an apparent visual magnitude of 5.65. The star is drifting further away from the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of +9 km/s.

This is an aging K-type giant star with a stellar classification of K0III, having exhausted the supply of hydrogen at its core and expanded to 11 times the Sun's radius. It is a red clump giant, which indicates it is on the horizontal branch and is generating energy from core helium fusion. The star is now 2.5 billion years old with 1.6 times the mass of the Sun. It is radiating  60 times the luminosity of the Sun from its enlarged photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,825 K.

Horizontal branch
The horizontal branch (HB) is a stage of stellar evolution that immediately follows the red-giant branch in stars whose masses are similar to the Sun's. Horizontal-branch stars are powered by helium fusion in the core (via the triple-alpha process) and by hydrogen fusion (via the CNO cycle) in a shell surrounding the core. The onset of core helium fusion at the tip of the red-giant branch causes substantial changes in stellar structure, resulting in an overall reduction in luminosity, some contraction of the stellar envelope, and the surface reaching higher temperatures.
Elizabeth Kishkon
Elizabeth Eva Kishkon (January 7, 1931 – August 29, 2018) was a Canadian politician, who served as the 29th mayor of the city of Windsor, Ontario, from 1983 to 1985. She was the first woman ever elected to the mayoralty of Windsor, and as of 2024, is currently the only woman ever elected mayor.

Born in Oshawa, Ontario, Kishkon grew up in London, England. As mayor, she hosted a royal visit to Windsor by Queen Elizabeth and Prince Philip in 1984.

She was awarded an honorary LL.D. by the University of Windsor in 1986.

Federal New Democratic Party leader Ed Broadbent asked Kishkon to run as the NDP's candidate in Windsor West in the 1988 federal election. Kishkon refused, however, citing the fact that she did not want to run against Herb Gray.

She died in Windsor at the age of 87 in 2018.

Ed Broadbent
John Edward Broadbent (March 21, 1936 – January 11, 2024) was a Canadian social-democratic politician and political scientist. He was leader of the New Democratic Party (NDP) from 1975 to 1989, and a member of Parliament from 1968 to 1990 and from 2004 to 2006. He led the NDP through four federal elections. He oversaw a period of growth for the party with its parliamentary representation rising from 17 to 43 seats as of the 1988 federal election.

Broadbent also served as a vice-president of Socialist International from 1979 to 1989 and director of the International Centre for Human Rights and Democratic Development from 1990 to 1996. Returning to politics in the 2004 federal election, he was elected to represent Ottawa Centre. He later chaired the Broadbent Institute, a policy think tank founded in 2011.
Pontiac Assembly
Pontiac Assembly was one of four General Motors assembly plants in Pontiac, Michigan located along Baldwin Avenue. It served as the home factory for GM's Pontiac Motor Division since it was built in 1927. It was across the street from the currently operational Pontiac Metal Center, which was the original location for the Oakland Motor Car Company, which Pontiac evolved out of.

Pontiac Chieftain
The Pontiac Chieftain is an automobile which was produced by Pontiac from 1949 to 1958. The 1949 Chieftain and Streamliner models were the first all new car designs to come from Pontiac in the post World War II years. Previous cars had been 1942 models with minor revisions.
Barry Downs (architect)
Barry Vance Downs OC (June 19, 1930 – July 19, 2022) was a Canadian architect and urban planner. He was known for his contributions to West Coast Modern architecture and for his works that blended buildings with their surrounding natural landscapes.

Moshe Safdie
Moshe Safdie (Hebrew: משה ספדיה; born July 14, 1938) is an Israeli-Canadian-American architect, urban planner, educator, theorist, and author. He is well known for incorporating principles of socially responsible design throughout his six-decade career.

His projects include cultural, educational, and civic institutions such as neighbourhoods and public parks, housing, mixed-use urban centers, and airports. He also had master plans for existing communities and entirely new cities in the Americas, the Middle East, and Asia.

Safdie is most identified with designing Marina Bay Sands and Jewel Changi Airport, both in Singapore, as well as his debut project, Habitat 67 in Montreal, which was originally conceived as his thesis at McGill University.

He holds legal citizenship in Israel, Canada, and the United States.
Evadne Price
Evadne Price (28 August 1888 – 17 April 1985), probably born Eva Grace Price, was an Australian British writer, actress, astrologer and media personality. She also wrote under the pseudonym Helen Zenna Smith.

She is now best remembered for her World War I novel Not So Quiet (published in America as Stepdaughters of War) which adapts the style of Erich Maria Remarque's All Quiet on the Western Front to depict the experiences of British female ambulance drivers. During her lifetime she was known for her many romance novels, some of which were serialised in national newspapers, as well as for her children's books starring the popular character Jane Turpin. In the 1950s, she became a regular performer on television, as a storyteller and astrologer. For 25 years she published a monthly astrology column in SHE magazine.

The Phantom Light
The Phantom Light is a 1935 British crime film, a low-budget "quota quickie" directed by Michael Powell and starring Binnie Hale, Gordon Harker, Donald Calthrop, Milton Rosmer and Ian Hunter. The screenplay concerns criminals who try to scare a new chief lighthouse keeper on the Welsh coast, in an attempt to distract him from their scheme.
Monarchism in Australia
Monarchism in Australia is a movement supporting the continuation of the Australian monarchy, as opposed to republicanism. The largest monarchist organisations in the country are the Australian Monarchist League and the Australians for Constitutional Monarchy.

Australian Monarchist League
The Australian Monarchist League (AML) is a voluntary association that advocates for the retention of Australia's constitutional monarchy. The organisation supported the "No" vote in the 1999 republic referendum, which asked citizens whether the Australian Constitution should be amended to make Australia a republic.
Kenji Fusé
Kenji Fusé (born 1965) is a Canadian violist and composer living in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. He currently holds the position of principal viola with the Victoria Symphony Orchestra. He also teaches at the Victoria Conservatory of Music.

Fusé has performed the Jacques Hétu Viola Concerto in BC, Canada, with conductor Alain Trudel and the Victoria Symphony Orchestra (2011). He has performed his own viola concerto with the same orchestra, under the direction of both Glen Fast (1993) and the dynamic young Music Director Designate of the venerable Philadelphia Orchestra, Yannick Nézet-Séguin (2005).

Jacques Hétu
Jacques Joseph Robert Hétu OC OQ FRSC (August 8, 1938 – February 9, 2010) was a prominent Canadian composer and music educator. Hétu is the most frequently performed of Canadian classical composers, both within Canada and internationally.
Takhini Hot Springs
Takhini Hot Springs (Takhini Hotspring) (tɑːkiːniː) is a natural hot springs located just outside the border of Whitehorse, Yukon (28 km (17 mi) from the city centre). It is a locally run business which incorporates two pools at different temperatures and has a campground with over 80 sites. The site has been in operation for more than 100 years.

Whitehorse
Whitehorse is the capital of Yukon, and the largest city in Northern Canada. It was incorporated in 1950 and is located at kilometre 1426 (Historic Mile 918) on the Alaska Highway in southern Yukon. Whitehorse's downtown and Riverdale areas occupy both shores of the Yukon River, which rises in British Columbia and meets the Bering Sea in Alaska. The city was named after the White Horse Rapids for their resemblance to the mane of a white horse.

Because of the city's location in the Whitehorse valley and relative proximity to the Pacific Ocean, the climate tends to be milder. At this latitude, winter days are short and summer days have up to about 19 hours of daylight.

As of the 2021 Canadian census, the population was 28,201 within city boundaries and 31,913 in the census agglomeration. These figures represent approximately 70 and 79 percent, respectively, of the total population of Yukon.
Domus (magazine)
Domus is an architecture and design magazine founded in 1928 by architect Gio Ponti and Barnabite father Giovanni Semeria. Published by Editoriale Domus, the magazine is issued 11 times a year on a monthly basis and has its headquarters in Rozzano, Milan.

Mario Bellini
Mario Bellini (born 1 February 1935) is an Italian architect and designer. After graduating from the Polytechnic University of Milan in 1959, he pursued a career in architecture, exhibition design, product design, and furniture design during the Italian economic boom in the late 20th century. He has worked with companies such as B&B Italia, Brionvega, Cassina, Heller, Flou, Yamaha, Olivetti, Renault, Rosenthal, Tecno, Riva 1920, Vitra, and Kartell.

In a career spanning nearly 70 years, Bellini has received many honours, including eight Compasso d'Oro awards and the Gold Medal for Lifetime Achievement from the Triennale di Milano. In 2019, the President of the Italian Chamber of Deputies, Roberto Fico, awarded him a career medal in recognition of his contributions to Italian architecture and design.
Muna (band)
Muna (stylized as MUNA; /ˈmuːnə/ MOON-ə) is an American indie pop band consisting of Katie Gavin, Josette Maskin, and Naomi McPherson. They released two studio albums with RCA Records, About U (2017) and Saves the World (2019), before signing with independent label Saddest Factory Records, which released their third studio album, Muna, in June 2022.

Grouplove
Grouplove (often typeset as GROUPLOVE) is an American alternative rock band formed in 2009 by Christian Zucconi (lead vocals, rhythm guitar), Hannah Hooper (lead vocals, keyboards), Sean Gadd (bass), Andrew Wessen (lead guitar, backing vocals), and Ryan Rabin (drums). The latter produced the band's self-titled debut extended play (2010), which was originally released independently, but later re-released by Atlantic Records following the success of its single, "Colours".

Grouplove is known for their 2011 single "Tongue Tied", which peaked within the top 50 of the Billboard Hot 100 and received quintuple platinum certification by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). It preceded the release of their debut studio album, Never Trust a Happy Song (2011), which lukewarmly entered the Billboard 200. As of 2024, Grouplove has released six studio albums and two EPs.
South African steam locomotive tenders
South African steam locomotive tenders were classified by means of type letters and sometimes numbers, while locomotive specifications included a list of permissible tenders which could be used with each engine class.

South African type TL tender
The South African type TL tender was a steam locomotive tender.

Type TL tenders were rebuilt from Type TJ and Type TM tenders which had entered service between 1909 and 1912. The rebuilding resulted in a tender with a larger coal bunker.
Yan Ni (volleyball)
Yan Ni (Chinese: 颜妮; pinyin: Yán Nī; born 2 March 1987) is a Chinese retired volleyball player who won the gold medal in the 2016 Summer Olympics. On club level, she played for Liaoning. She announced her retirement from volleyball in November 2021.

2015 Asian Women's Volleyball Championship
The 2015 Asian Women's Volleyball Championship was the eighteenth edition of the Asian Championship, a biennial international volleyball tournament organised by the Asian Volleyball Confederation (AVC) with Chinese Volleyball Association (CVA). The tournament was held in Tianjin, China from 20 to 28 May 2015.
Melissa Hoskins
Melissa Hoskins (24 February 1991 – 31 December 2023) was an Australian track and road racing cyclist, who topped the general classification in the 2012 Tour of Chongming Island. She was a member of the Australian track cycling team pursuit team that finished in fourth place at the 2012 Summer Olympics. Hoskins announced her retirement from professional cycling on 2 May 2017.

2015 UCI Track Cycling World Championships
The 2015 UCI Track Cycling World Championships were the World Championships for track cycling in 2015. They took place in Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (part of the Paris Metropolitan Area) at the Vélodrome de Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines from 18–22 February 2015.
Belgrade Bus Station
Belgrade Bus Station (Serbian: Београдска аутобуска станица/Beogradska autobuska stanica; BAS, БАС) was the main bus station in Belgrade, Serbia. Located in Savski Venac, the bus station was composed by a bus depot and two bus terminals.

It was the main hub for intercity bus line Lasta Beograd. It was operated by BAS Beogradska autobuska stanica a.d. A new station was opened in September 2024 in New Belgrade, while the old one is currently being demolished.

Savski Venac
Savski Venac (Serbian Cyrillic: Савски Венац, pronounced [sâːv̞skiː v̞ě̞ːnat͡s]) is a municipality of the city of Belgrade. According to the 2022 census results, the municipality has a population of 36,699 inhabitants.

It is one of the three municipalities which constitute the very center of Belgrade, together with Stari Grad and Vračar.

Savski Venac is located on the right bank of the Sava river. It stretches in the north-south direction for 6 kilometers (3.7 mi) (from downtown Belgrade, just 200 meters (660 ft) from Terazije, to Banjica) and east-west direction for 3 kilometers (1.9 mi) (from Senjak and the Sava bank to Autokomanda). It borders the municipalities of Stari Grad to the north, Vračar to the north-east, Voždovac to the east, Rakovica to the south and Čukarica to the west.
Susan Jebb
Susan Ann Jebb OBE (born 24 August 1964) is Chair of the United Kingdom's Food Standards Agency and Professor of Diet and Population Health at the Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford. She is also a senior research fellow at Jesus College.

Food Standards Agency
The Food Standards Agency is a non-ministerial government department of the Government of the United Kingdom. It is responsible for protecting public health in relation to food in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. It is led by a board appointed to act in the public interest. Its headquarters are in London, with offices in Birmingham, York, Cardiff and Belfast. Its counterpart in Scotland is Food Standards Scotland.
2000 in marathon running
This page lists the World Best Year Performances in the year 2000 in the Marathon for both men and women. One of the main events during this season were the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia, where the final of the men's competition was held on October 1, 2000. The women had their Olympic race on September 24, 2000.

2000 in the sport of athletics
This article contains an overview of the sport of athletics, including track and field, cross country and road running, in the year 2000.

The primary athletics competition for the 2000 season was at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia.
Television in Algeria
Television services in the North African nation of Algeria commenced on January 16, 1956 (1956-01-16), when the country was a department of France, under French broadcaster RTF. Shortly after independence, both television and radio were taken over by Algerian Radio and Television (Radiodiffusion-Télévision Algérienne; RTA). Since then, television began to expand throughout Algeria, with more than 53,000 television sets in use in the country as of 1963, a year after independence. Algeria is one of the first countries in Africa to publicly introduce television.

The country was served with only one television channel, Télévision Algérienne, until 1994, the year when the French-language Canal Algérie was launched, also serving Algerian audiences residing in Europe and North America. This was followed by the launch of Algérie 3 in 2001, also serving Algerians in other Arab-majority nations. On 18 March 2009, the Tamazight TV and Al Quran Al Kareem channels were launched.

TV1 (Algerian TV channel)
TV1 (in Arabic: الجزائرية الأولى, romanized: al-Jazā’iriyyah al-’Ūlā), formerly Algerian Television (in Arabic: التلفزيون الجزائري) then The Terrestrial Channel (in Arabic: القناة الأرضية), is the first Algerian general public network of Établissement public de télévision (EPTV) formerly Établissement national de télévision (ENTV), along with TV2, TV3, TV4, TV5, TV6, TV7, TV8 and  
TV9.

It began broadcasting on 24 December 1956, during the French colonial period in Algeria. It is one of the most important television channels in Algeria, and produces entertainment and variety programs in addition to several Algerian series and films. Its main headquarters are in Algiers.
Codex Coislinianus
Codex Coislinianus designated by Hp or 015 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), α 1022 (Soden), was named also as Codex Euthalianus. It is a Greek uncial manuscript of the Pauline epistles, dated palaeographically to the 6th century. The text is written stichometrically.
It has marginalia. The codex is known for its subscription at the end of the Epistle to Titus.

The manuscript was divided into several parts and was used as raw material for the production of new volumes. The codex came to the attention of scholars in the 18th century (after edition of Montfaucon). Currently it is housed in several European libraries, in: Paris, Athos, Saint Petersburg, Kiev, Moscow, and  Turin.

It is cited in all critical editions of the Greek New Testament.

Uncial script
Uncial is a majuscule script (written entirely in capital letters) commonly used from the 4th to 8th centuries AD by Latin and Greek scribes. Uncial letters were used to write Greek and Latin, as well as Gothic, and are the current style for Coptic and Nobiin.