hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Louis VI, Elector Palatine
Louis VI, Elector Palatine (4 July 1539 in Simmern – 22 October 1583 in Heidelberg), was an Elector from the Palatinate-Simmern branch of the house of Wittelsbach. He was the first-born son of Frederick III, Elector Palatine and Marie of Brandenburg-Kulmbach.

House of Wittelsbach
The House of Wittelsbach (German: Haus Wittelsbach) is a former Bavarian dynasty, with branches that have ruled over territories including the Electorate of Bavaria, the Electoral Palatinate, the Electorate of Cologne, Holland, Zeeland, Sweden (with Swedish-ruled Finland), Denmark, Norway, Hungary, Bohemia, and Greece. Their ancestral lands of Bavaria and the Palatinate were prince-electorates, and the family had three of its members elected emperors and kings of the Holy Roman Empire. They ruled over the Kingdom of Bavaria which was created in 1805 and continued to exist until 1918.

The House of Windsor, the reigning royal house of the British monarchy, are descendants of Sophia of Hanover (1630–1714), a Wittelsbach Princess of the Palatinate by birth and Electress of Hanover by marriage, who had inherited the succession rights of the House of Stuart and passed them on to the House of Hanover.
Commercial buildings in Sycamore Historic District
The commercial buildings in the Sycamore Historic District, located in Sycamore, Illinois, United States, are mostly located in and around the city's downtown. The largest concentration of commercial contributing properties to the historic district are found along Illinois Route 64 as it passes through Sycamore. They include several buildings known as "blocks" which can consist of more than one adjacent and attached structure, as is the case with the Waterman Block, one of the Sycamore commercial buildings.

George's Block
The George's Block, once known as the James Block, is a 19th-century structure located in Sycamore, Illinois, along Illinois Route 64 (State Street) as it passes through the DeKalb County seat. The Block is part of the Sycamore Historic District and as such is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The district joined the Register in May 1978. The building dates from 1857 when it was owned by Daniel P. James but by the 1860s the building has become known as George's Block.
Opisthocomidae
Opisthocomidae is a family of birds, the only named family within the order Opisthocomiformes. The only living representative is the hoatzin (Opisthocomus hoazin) which lives in the Amazon and the Orinoco delta in South America. Several fossil species have been identified, including one from Africa and one from Europe.

Namibiavis
Namibiavis is an extinct genus of bird related to the hoatzin from early Middle Miocene (about 16 mya) deposits of Namibia. It was collected from Arrisdrift, southern Namibia. It was first named by Cécile Mourer-Chauviré in 2003 and the type species is Namibiavis senutae.
Tiffield Pocket Park
Tiffield Pocket Park is a 2.6 hectare Local Nature Reserve north of Tiffield in West Northamptonshire. It is leased by a private owner to Tiffield Parish Council and managed by The Tiffield Pocketeers.

This one kilometre long site is a footpath along a former railway line. The path is lined with trees and shrubs of blackthorn, hawthorn, crab-apple and ash, and a balancing pond next to the path has been restored, increasing biodiversity.

There is access from the playing field off Eastcote Road (sometimes shown as Gayton Road).

West Northamptonshire
West Northamptonshire is one of two unitary authority areas in the ceremonial county of Northamptonshire, England. It contains the county town of Northampton, as well as the towns of Daventry, Brackley and Towcester, and the large villages of Brixworth and Long Buckby; the rest of the area is predominantly agricultural villages though it has many lakes and small woodlands.

West Northamptonshire was created in 2021 as part of local government restructuring from the previous non-metropolitan districts of Northampton, Daventry and South Northamptonshire.

The West Coast Main Line and the M1 and M40 motorways pass through the district, and it includes the site of the Roman town of Bannaventa and the grade I listed Althorp House and its estate.
Chikara High Noon
High Noon was a professional wrestling internet pay-per-view (iPPV) event produced by the Chikara promotion, that took place on November 13, 2011, at the Asylum Arena in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The event marked Chikara's first ever live pay-per-view and it was headlined by the finals of a tournament to determine the first ever Chikara Grand Champion. The event aired on GoFightLive, with a pre-show airing live on Ustream. The event broke Chikara's attendance record, drawing 864 fans into the Asylum Arena, and drew more than 1,000 buys online, beating Ring of Honor's previous iPPV, Death Before Dishonor IX, which drew 972 buys. The event was released on DVD by Smart Mark Video on November 25, 2011.

Suplex
A suplex  is an offensive move used in sport wrestling as well as amateur wrestling and professional wrestling. It is a throw that involves lifting the opponents and bridging or rolling to slam them on their backs.

Professional wrestling features many different varieties of suplexes. These are among the most common, but many more exist, particularly as the signature techniques of individual wrestlers.
Sodium magnesium sulfate
Sodium magnesium sulfate is a double sulfate of sodium and magnesium. There are a number of different stoichiometries and degrees of hydration with different crystal structures, and many are minerals.
Members include:

Blödite or bloedite: sodium magnesium sulfate tetrahydrate Na2Mg(SO4)2•4H2O

Disodium magnesium disulfate decahydrate Na2Mg(SO4)2•10H2O

Disodium magnesium disulfate hexadecahydrate Na2Mg(SO4)2•16H2O

Na2SО4·MgSO4·2.5H2O

Konyaite Na2Mg(SO4)2•5H2O

Löweite Na12Mg7(SO4)13•15H2O.

Vanthoffite Na6Mg(SO4)4

Na2Mg2(SO4)3 langbeinite form stable from 569.2 to 624.7°C

Na2Mg2(SO4)3 quenched monoclinic form

Na2Mg3(SO4)4 orthorhombic form

Na2Mg(SO4)2 triclinic form

Salts containing other anions in addition to sulfate

Na2Mg3(OH)2(SO4)4•4H2O

Tychite hexasodium dimagnesium sulfate tetracarbonate Na6Mg2SO4(CO3)4

Uklonskovite NaMgSO4F•2H2O

Sulfate
The sulfate or sulphate ion is a polyatomic anion with the empirical formula SO42−. Salts, acid derivatives, and peroxides of sulfate are widely used in industry. Sulfates occur widely in everyday life. Sulfates are salts of sulfuric acid and many are prepared from that acid.
ASTA: The War of Tears and Winds
ASTA: The War of Tears and Winds (Korean: 아스타) was a massively multiplayer online role-playing game created by South Korean developer Polygon Games. The game was in development from 2010 through mid-October 2013.

The game featured two warring factions, large-scale player versus player and realm versus realm combat and has been touted as "the Asian World of Warcraft".

ASTA: The War of Tears and Winds was published in North America and Europe by Webzen Games, launched on 2 March 2016, and shut down its servers on 4 October the same year.

ASTA Online was re-released on Steam in July 2017 but then later shutdown again for unknown reasons. The game still appears on Steam but it cannot be downloaded.

Realm versus Realm
Realm versus Realm (RvR) is a type of player versus player (PvP) gameplay in massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPGs) where the player base is divided over multiple preset realms that fight each other over game assets. This differs from normal Player versus Player combat in that Realm versus Realm usually involves a combat-based game, as opposed to one where sporadic Player versus Player combat occurs. In this context, "realm" generally means a geographic territory or political affiliation.

This concept is also referred to as Group versus Group, Race versus Race, Nation versus Nation, or Faction versus Faction depending on the specific implementation in the game under discussion. Contrast with "Guild versus Guild" games (or GvG, in an alternate usage from Group versus Group), such as Shadowbane or Age of Conan, in which players organize themselves into factions of their own creation and design rather than realms which are prebuilt by the game developers.
George Radin
George Radin (January 22, 1931 – May 21, 2013) was an American computer scientist. He gained his BA in English Literature from Brooklyn College in 1951, followed by an MA from Columbia University in 1952 and an MSc in mathematics from City University of New York in 1961. In 1963 he got a job with the  IBM Advanced Computer Utilization Department, where he helped develop the PL/I programming language and design the OS/360 and TSS/360 systems. In 1980, he was appointed an IBM Fellow.

IBM Fellow
An IBM Fellow is a position at IBM appointed by the CEO. Typically only four to nine (eleven in 2014) IBM Fellows are appointed each year, in May or June. Fellow is the highest honor a scientist, engineer, or programmer at IBM can achieve.
Alberta Highway 42
Alberta Provincial Highway No. 42, commonly referred to as Highway 42, is a 44-kilometre (27 mi) highway in central Alberta, Canada that connects Highway 2A in Penhold, about 9 kilometres (6 mi) south of the city of Red Deer, to Highway 21 near the Hamlet of Lousana.

Alberta Highway 2A
Highway 2A is the designation of six alternate routes off Highway 2 in Alberta, Canada. In general, these are original sections of Highway 2, such as the southern portion of Macleod Trail in Calgary. They passed through communities before limited-access freeways were built to shorten driving distance, accommodate heavier volumes and to bypass city traffic. Portions of the alignment of Highway 2A follow the route of the former Calgary and Edmonton Trail.
2013–14 Nebraska Cornhuskers men's basketball team
The 2013–14 Nebraska Cornhuskers men's basketball team represented the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in the 2013–14 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. Led by head coach Tim Miles, in his second season, the Cornhuskers team played its home games in the brand new Pinnacle Bank Arena in downtown Lincoln, Nebraska, and were a member of the Big Ten Conference. They finished the season with a record 19–13 overall, 11–7 in Big Ten play for a 4th-place finish, despite being predicted by many to finish last in the conference. They lost in the quarterfinals in the 2014 Big Ten Conference men's basketball tournament to Ohio State. They received at-large bid to the 2014 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament for the first time since 1998. They lost in the first round to Baylor.

2013–14 Ohio State Buckeyes men's basketball team
The 2013–14 Ohio State Buckeyes men's basketball team represented Ohio State University in the 2013–14 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.  Their head coach was Thad Matta, in his tenth season with the Buckeyes.  The team played its home games at Value City Arena in Columbus, Ohio and was a member of the Big Ten Conference. They finished the season 25–10, 10–8 in Big Ten play to finish in fifth place. They advanced to the semifinals of the Big Ten tournament where they lost to rival Michigan. They received an at-large bid to the NCAA tournament where they lost in the second round to Dayton.
Kuşcenneti railway station
Kuşcenneti railway station (Turkish: Kuşcenneti istasyonu) is a railway station in Bandırma, Turkey. The station is located in south Bandırma, near the Bandırma Airport. The station is used mostly as a yard for freight cars serving the nearby Etimaden Bohrium prossesing plant. TCDD Taşımacılık operates two daily intercity trains to İzmir; the northbound 6th of September Express and the southbound 17th of September Express.

Bandırma Airport
Bandırma Airport (IATA: BDM, ICAO: LTBG) is a military airbase and public airport located at Bandırma in the Balıkesir Province, Turkey.

Bandırma Airport is home to the 6th Air Wing (Ana Jet Üs or AJÜ) of the 1st Air Force Command (Hava Kuvvet Komutanligi) of the Turkish Air Force (Türk Hava Kuvvetleri). Other wings of this command are located in Eskişehir (LTBI), Konya (LTAN), Ankara Akıncı (LTAE) and Balıkesir (LTBF).
Typhoons in the Korean Peninsula
The Korean Peninsula is a peninsula region located over Eastern Asia. Politically, the region is divided into the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) and the Republic of Korea (South Korea).

Climatologically, in the Northwest Pacific basin, most tropical cyclones tend to develop between May and October. Typhoons impacting this region are not uncommon, with the bulk of these storms doing so in the third quarter (July to September). This article includes any tropical cyclone of any intensity that affected the Korean Peninsula.

Extratropical cyclone
Extratropical cyclones, sometimes called mid-latitude cyclones or wave cyclones are low-pressure areas which, along with anticyclones, drive the weather over much of the mid-latitudes of the Earth. Extratropical cyclones are capable of producing a range of weather conditions from wind, cloudiness and mild showers to severe hail, thunderstorms, blizzards, and tornadoes. This type of cyclone is thus defined as a large scale (synoptic) low pressure weather system occurring in the middle latitudes of the Earth. In contrast with tropical cyclones, extratropical cyclones produce rapid changes in temperature and dew point along broad lines called weather fronts, which are present about the center of the cyclone.
The Swami's Ring
The Swami's Ring is the 61st volume in the Nancy Drew Mystery Stories series. It was first published in 1981 under the pseudonym Carolyn Keene. It was written by Nancy Axelrad.

The novel was the basis of the play Nancy Drew and the Swami's Ring by Laura Shamas, published in 1982.

Nancy Drew Mystery Stories
The Nancy Drew Mystery Stories is the long-running 'main' series of the Nancy Drew franchise, which was published under the pseudonym Carolyn Keene. There are 175 novels and 34 revised stories that were published between 1930 and 2003 under the banner. Grosset & Dunlap published the first 56, and 34 revised stories, while Simon & Schuster published the series beginning with volume 57.

A spinoff, the Nancy Drew Files, ran concurrently from 1986 to 1997. In 2003, Simon & Schuster announced that Nancy Drew Mystery Stories would end and be replaced by a new, more contemporary series titled Nancy Drew: Girl Detective. Launched in 2004, the series ended in 2012. The Nancy Drew Diaries was launched in its place in 2013.
The Dark Night
"The Dark Night" is the 21st episode of the CW television series, Gossip Girl. It was a bottle episode and the third episode of the show's second season. The episode was written by John Stephens and directed by Janice Cooke. It originally aired on Monday, September 15, 2008 on the CW. This episode is also the most watched episode of the series, with an average of 3.73 million of viewers.

Bottle episode
In episodic television, a bottle episode or bottle show is an episode produced cheaply and restricted in scope to use as few actors, effects and sets as possible. Bottle episodes are usually shot on sets built for other episodes, frequently the main interior sets for a series, and consist largely of dialogue and scenes for which no special preparations are needed. They are commonly used when one script has fallen through and another has to be written at short notice, or because of budgetary constraints. Bottle episodes have also been used for dramatic effect, with the limited setting and cast allowing for a slower pace and deeper  exploration of character traits and motives.
Water Works Park (Des Moines)
Water Works Park is a 1,500-acre park southwest of downtown Des Moines, Iowa and contains the Des Moines Water Works (DMWW) which is a publicly owned municipal water utility that supplies the greater Des Moines metropolitan area. It is one of the largest urban parks in the United States. Located along the Raccoon River west of Fleur Drive, the park offers trails, picnic areas, grills, and fields.

RAGBRAI
RAGBRAI, short for Register's Annual Great Bicycle Ride Across Iowa, is a non-competitive bicycle tour across the U.S. state of Iowa from its western to eastern border. First held in 1973, RAGBRAI is the largest bike-touring event in the world.

The 50th ride, RAGBRAI L, took place from July 23-29, 2023, and retraced much of the first year's route.  Carroll replaced Fort Dodge and the much larger town/area of Coralville-Iowa City replaced the small town of Williamsburg.  The ride from Ames to Des Moines had over 60,000 riders, the most riders of any stop in the history of the event.
Fennant Road Halt railway station
Fennant Road Halt railway station served the Fennant Road area of Ponciau, a village that lies within the community of Rhosllanerchrugog. Opened in 1905 it had closed by 1915, partly as a result of WWI and also through road transport competition. On 1 August 1861 the GWR had opened a mineral branch from just north of Ruabon to serve the blast furnaces of the iron works at Aberderfyn and Ponciau. This line was extended to Legacy on 27 August 1876.

Wrexham General railway station
Wrexham General (Welsh: Wrecsam Cyffredinol) is the main railway station serving the city of Wrexham, north-east Wales, and one of the two serving the city, alongside Wrexham Central. It is currently operated and mostly served by Transport for Wales, with some additional services provided by Avanti West Coast to London Euston.

The station was first opened in 1846, later becoming part of the Great Western Railway (GWR) network and expanded in 1912. It is one of three railway stations in the central area of the city, one now part of General, named Wrexham Exchange, the other being Wrexham Central. It is the main hub for inter-city services in the area, and as a result 78% of all rail journeys (2006/07) in Wrexham County Borough start or end at the station. It is also a major hub for inter-city services in North Wales.

Until the early 1980s what is now platform 4 of Wrexham General, serving the Wrexham Central – Bidston service, was part of a separate station: Wrexham Exchange.
Porwad, Parbhani
Porwad is a village in Parbhani taluka of Parbhani district in Indian state of Maharashtra. It is located from 22 km away from district headquarter Parbhani on Parbhani-Gangakhed state highway 217.

As per 2011 census, Porwad had population of 1,747 residing in 321 houses. Average Sex Ratio of Porwad was 981 with literacy of 77.07%. Male literacy was 87.6% while female literacy was 66.22%. Schedule Caste (SC) constitutes 6.47% of total population.

Parbhani
Parbhani (parbhani, Marathi pronunciation: [pəɾbʰəɳiː] ⓘ) is a city in Maharashtra state of India. It is the administrative headquarters of Parbhani District. Parbhani is one of the largest cities in Marathwada region. Parbhani is around 200 kilometres (120 mi) away from regional headquarters of Aurangabad while it is 491 km (305 mi) away from the state capital Mumbai.

Along with the entire Marathwada region, Parbhani was a part of the erstwhile Nizam State; later a part of Hyderabad State; after reorganization of states in 1956 it became a part of the then-Bombay state; since 1960, it has been part of the present Maharashtra state.

Parbhani is home to Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Agricultural University, which is one of only four agriculture universities in Maharashtra. Moreover, Parbhani also has an annual festival at Turabul Haq Dargah, which attracts lakhs of tourists each year. Parbhani is named after Goddess Prabhavati.
Ambrosian chant
Ambrosian chant (also known as Milanese chant) is the liturgical plainchant repertory of the Ambrosian rite of the Roman Catholic Church,  distinct from the more widely known Gregorian chant. It is primarily associated with the Archdiocese of Milan, and named after St. Ambrose much as Gregorian chant is named after Gregory the Great. It is the only surviving plainchant tradition besides the Gregorian to maintain the official sanction of the Roman Catholic Church.

Melisma
Melisma (Ancient Greek: μέλισμα, mélisma, lit. 'song'; from μέλος, melos, 'song, melody', plural: melismata), informally known as a vocal run and sometimes interchanged with the term roulade, is the singing of a single syllable of text while moving between several different notes in succession. Music sung in this style is referred to as melismatic, as opposed to syllabic, in which each syllable of text is matched to a single note.
John Bittrolff
John Bittrolff (born July 1, 1966) is an American convicted murderer and former suspect in the Gilgo Beach serial killings case. In July 2014, he was charged with the murders of Rita Tangredi and Colleen McNamee. He was also a suspect in the murder of a third woman, Sandra Costilla, prior to the capture of alleged serial killer Rex Heuermann. Bittrolff became a suspect in the unsolved murders after his brother, Timothy Bittrolff, was partially matched to DNA found on the bodies in 2013. Timothy Bittrolff submitted the sample after violating an unrelated order of protection, in 2013.

On July 5, 2017, Bittrolff was found guilty of the second degree murders of Tangredi and McNamee. He was sentenced to 50 years to life in prison on September 12, 2017. He is imprisoned at Clinton Correctional Facility. His department identification number is 17A3925.

Murder in New York law
Murder in New York law constitutes the unlawful killing, under circumstances defined by law, of people within or under the jurisdiction of the U.S. state of New York. Because the criminal law of the state also governs the City of New York, there is not a separate law applicable to murders committed in the city.

The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported that in the year 2021, the state had a murder rate somewhat below the median for the entire country.
United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine
The U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM) is the U.S Army’s main institution and facility for military environmental medicine and exercise physiology research. It is located at Natick, Massachusetts, within the U.S. Army Soldier Systems Center (SSC) installation, but is a subordinate lab of the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command (USAMRMC), headquartered at Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA.

Natick, Massachusetts
Natick (/ˈneɪtɪk/ NAY-tik) is a town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. It is near the center of the MetroWest region of Massachusetts, with a population of 37,006 at the 2020 census. 10 miles (16 km) west of Boston, Natick is part of the Greater Boston area. Massachusetts's center of population was in Natick at the censuses of 2000–2020, most recently in the vicinity of Hunters Lane.
Glossary of literary terms
This glossary of literary terms is a list of definitions of terms and concepts used in the discussion, classification, analysis, and criticism of all types of literature, such as poetry, novels, and picture books, as well as of grammar, syntax, and language techniques. For a more complete glossary of terms relating to poetry in particular, see Glossary of poetry terms.

Renku
Renku (連句, "linked verses"), or haikai no renga (俳諧の連歌, "comic linked verse"), is a Japanese form of popular collaborative linked verse poetry. It is a development of the older Japanese poetic tradition of ushin renga, or orthodox collaborative linked verse. At renku gatherings participating poets take turns providing alternating verses of 17 and 14 morae. Initially haikai no renga distinguished itself through vulgarity and coarseness of wit, before growing into a legitimate artistic tradition, and eventually giving birth to the haiku form of Japanese poetry. The term renku gained currency after 1904, when Kyoshi Takahama started to use it.