hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bishopville, Maryland
Bishopville is an unincorporated community and census-designated place 10 miles (16 km) north of Berlin, Maryland, United States. The community is just south of the Delaware state line. It is part of the Salisbury, Maryland-Delaware Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2010 census, Bishopville had a population of 531.

Bishopville arose at the site of a mill on and crossing of the Bishopville Prong of the St. Martin's River. The crossing, the main road through the community, is now Maryland Route 367.

Berlin, Maryland
Berlin is a town in Worcester County, Maryland, United States which includes its own historical Berlin Commercial District. As of the 2020 census, Berlin had a population of 5,026. It is part of the Salisbury, Maryland-Delaware Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Boaty McBoatface
Boaty McBoatface (informally known as Boaty) is part of a fleet of six 'over the horizon' autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) of the Autosub Long Range (ALR) class. Launched in 2017, the ALRs are designed, owned and operated by the National Oceanography Centre in the UK. One of the many features of ALRs is a shore-launch capability.

Boaty and her fleet-mates are part of the UK National Marine Equipment Pool operated and maintained by the National Oceanography Centre in Southampton.  The ALRs can contain or carry a wide range of oceanographic instruments and sensors to gather data to help understand ocean current and activity, and ultimately the Earth's climate.

British Antarctic Survey
The British Antarctic Survey (BAS) is the United Kingdom's national polar research institute. It has a dual purpose, to conduct polar science, enabling better understanding of global issues, and to provide an active presence in the Antarctic on behalf of the UK. It is part of the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC). With over 400 staff, BAS takes an active role in Antarctic affairs, operating five research stations, one ship and five aircraft in both polar regions, as well as addressing key global and regional issues. This involves joint research projects with over 40 UK universities and more than 120 national and international collaborations.

Having taken shape from activities during World War II, it was known as the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey until 1962.
Aspherical space
In topology, a branch of mathematics, an aspherical space is a path connected topological space with all homotopy groups  equal to 0 when .

If one works with CW complexes, one can reformulate this condition: an aspherical CW complex is a CW complex whose universal cover is contractible. Indeed, contractibility of a universal cover is the same, by Whitehead's theorem, as asphericality of it. And it is an application of the exact sequence of a fibration that higher homotopy groups of a space and its universal cover are same. (By the same argument, if E is a path-connected space and  is any covering map, then E is aspherical if and only if B is aspherical.)

Each aspherical space X is, by definition, an Eilenberg–MacLane space of type , where  is the fundamental group of X.  Also directly from the definition, an aspherical space is a  classifying space for its fundamental group (considered to be a topological group when endowed with the discrete topology).

Contractible space
In mathematics, a topological space X is contractible if the identity map on X is null-homotopic, i.e. if it is homotopic to some constant map. Intuitively, a contractible space is one that can be continuously shrunk to a point within that space.
Tasgetius
Tasgetius, the Latinized form of Gaulish Tasgetios or Tasgiitios (d. 54 BC), was a ruler of the Carnutes, a Celtic polity whose territory corresponded roughly with the modern French departments of Eure-et-Loir, Loiret, and Loir-et-Cher. Julius Caesar says that as Roman proconsul he made Tasgetius king in reward for his support during the Gallic Wars. His reign would have begun in late 57 BC, following Caesar's campaign against the Belgic civitates in northern Gaul that year; it ended with his assassination in 54 BC. The overthrow of a king appointed by Caesar was one of the precipitating events that led to the pan-Gallic rebellion of 52 BC under the Arvernian leader Vercingetorix.

Atrebates
The Atrebates (Gaulish: *Atrebatis, 'dwellers, land-owners, possessors of the soil') were a Belgic tribe of the Iron Age and the Roman period, originally dwelling in the Artois region.

After the tribes of Gallia Belgica were defeated by Caesar in 57 BC, 4,000 Atrebates participated in the Battle of Alesia in 52, led by their chief Commius. They revolted again in 51 BC, after which they maintained a friendly relationship with Rome, as Commius received sovereignty over the neighbouring Morini. The quality of their woollens is still mentioned in 301 AD by Diocletian's Price Edict.

An offshoot of the Belgic tribe probably entered Britain before 54 BC, where it was successively ruled by kings Commius, Tincommius, Eppillus and Verica. After 43 AD, only parts of the area were still controlled by king Claudius Cogidubnus, after which they fell under Roman power.
Oregon's 7th House district
District 7 of the Oregon House of Representatives is one of 60 House legislative districts in the state of Oregon. As of 2021, the boundary for the district is entirely in Lane County and entirely envelops the city of Springfield. The current representative for the district is Democratic John Lively of Springfield.

Lane County, Oregon
Lane County is one of the 36 counties in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2020 census, the population was 382,971, making it the fourth-most populous county in Oregon. The county seat is Eugene, the state's second most populous city. It is named in honor of Joseph Lane, Oregon's first territorial governor. Lane County comprises the Eugene, OR Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is the third-largest MSA in Oregon, and the 144th-largest in the country.
Agononida incerta
Agononida incerta is a species of squat lobster in the family Munididae. It is found from Taiwan and the Philippines to southern Western Australia, ranging from 280 to 460 metres (920 to 1,510 ft) in depth. The males usually measure from 7 to 38 millimetres (0.28 to 1.50 in) and the females from 7.5 to 21 millimetres (0.30 to 0.83 in). It forms a species complex with A. africerta, A. auscerta, A. indocerta, A. norfocerta, A. madagascerta, A. polycerta, A. tasmancerta, A. vanuacerta, and A. rubrizonata.

Agononida africerta
Agononida africerta is a species of squat lobster in the family Munididae. The species name is a combination of Africa and the Latin word incerta, the feminine version of the word incertus, meaning "doubtful".
Leslie Mitchell (historian)
Dr Leslie G. Mitchell MA, DPhil, FRHistS is an academic historian specialising in British history.

Mitchell is currently an Emeritus Fellow of University College and a member of the History Faculty at the University of Oxford, England. He has been Dean of the college, appeared in the Univ Revue, recruited students for work in the intelligence services and was editor of the University College Record, an annual publication for former members of the college. Mitchell is counted among a talented generation of post-war historians, including Maurice Keen, Alexander Murray and Henry Mayr-Harting.

Henry Mayr-Harting
Henry Maria Robert Egmont Mayr-Harting FBA (born 6 April 1936) is a British medieval ecclesiastical historian. From 1997 to 2003, he was Regius Professor of Ecclesiastical History at the University of Oxford and a lay canon of Christ Church, Oxford.
Xplorer Xflyer
The Xplorer Xflyer is a South African paramotor that was designed by Keith Pickersgill and produced by Xplorer UltraFlight of Cape Town for powered paragliding. Now out of production, when it was available the aircraft was supplied complete and ready-to-fly.

Powered paragliding
Powered paragliding, also known as paramotoring or PPG, is a form of ultralight aviation where the pilot wears a back-pack motor (a paramotor) which provides enough thrust to take off using a paraglider. It can be launched in still air, and on level ground, by the pilot alone—no assistance is required.
Angamaly
Angamaly (Malayalam pronunciation: [ɐŋgɐmɐːli]) is a municipality in the Ernakulam district of Kerala, India. Angamaly is part of the Kochi metropolitan area and is located northeast of the Kochi city centre. As of the 2011 Indian census, the municipality has a population of 33,465 people and a population density of 1,633/km2 (4,230/sq mi).

Kochi metropolitan area
Kochi metropolitan area or Kochi urban agglomeration is a metropolitan area in the Ernakulam district of Kerala, India, comprising the Kochi Municipal Corporation, nine adjacent municipal councils, 15 gram panchayats and parts of four gram panchayats. With a population of more than 2.1 million within an area of 440 km2, it is the most populous metropolitan area in Kerala.
Gordie Drillon
Gordon Arthur Drillon (October 23, 1913 – September 23, 1986) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player. He was born in Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada. From 1936 through to 1942 he was part of one of the National Hockey League (NHL)'s most prolific scoring lines as a member of the Toronto Maple Leafs. He won a Stanley Cup during the 1941–42 season, and was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1975.

1941–42 NHL season
The 1941–42 NHL season was the 25th season of the National Hockey League. Seven teams played 48 games each. The New York Americans rebranded as the Brooklyn Americans. The Toronto Maple Leafs won the Stanley Cup defeating the Detroit Red Wings, winning four straight after losing the first three in a best-of-seven series, a feat only repeated to date three times in NHL history (1975, 2010, 2014) and once in Major League Baseball (2004). However the '41–42 Leafs were the only ones to achieve the feat in a championship final series.
Bystropogon
Bystropogon  is a genus of evergreen shrubs in the family Lamiaceae. It is native to the Canary Islands and Madeira in the eastern Atlantic Ocean. Allied to Ziziphora and Clinopodium acinos, the genus is characterized by tiny flowers in much-branched clusters, with plume-like sepals that elongate at the fruiting stage, giving the whole tip of each branch a fuzzy appearance. Stems are square in cross-section and leaves, arranged in opposite pairs, are aromatic when crushed.

Cultivation  The plant prefers mild and dry climates. Grow in very well-drained soil in sunny position. Propagate from seed or cuttings.

Clinopodium acinos
Clinopodium acinos, many synonyms including Acinos arvensis, known commonly as basil thyme and spring savory, is a species of flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae.

It is a perennial that usually grows about 8 inches (20 cm) high and spreads 12 inches (30 cm). It prefers to grow in strong sunlight. The scent is faintly reminiscent of thyme, giving it one of its common names.

Clinopodium acinos is recorded as a food plant for the larva of the moth Coleophora tricolor.
Yara Kastelijn
Yara Kastelijn (born 9 August 1997) is a Dutch racing cyclist, who currently competes in cyclo-cross for UCI Cyclo-cross Team Credishop–Fristads, and in road cycling for UCI Women's WorldTeam Fenix–Deceuninck.

In 2019, she won the elite race at the European Cyclo-cross Championships. In 2023, Kastelijn won stage 4 at the Tour de France Femmes, as well as holding the polka dot jersey of the mountains classification for 3 stages.

Cyclo-cross Trophy
The Cyclo-cross Trophy (Dutch: Trofee veldrijden), also known as X²O Badkamers Trophy (Dutch: X²O Badkamers Trofee),  is a Belgian cyclo-cross racing series currently sponsored by X²O Badkamers (X²O Bathrooms). It is one of the three major season-long competitions in Cyclo-cross, the other two being UCI Cyclo-cross World Cup and Cyclo-cross Superprestige. Many races are held in the province of Antwerp with others being held across Belgium.
Ibrahim El Bouni
Ibrahim El Bouni (born 9 December 1992) is a Dutch-Moroccan kickboxer who currently fights for Glory. El Bouni has formerly competed for ONE Championship, SUPERKOMBAT and K-1.

As of August 21, 2024, he is #5 in the GLORY light-heavyweight rankings.

Moroccans in the Netherlands
Moroccans in the Netherlands (Dutch: Marokkanen in Nederland; Arabic: المغاربة في هولندا, Tamazight: Imaghrabiyen di Hollanda), also Moroccan Dutch (Marokkaanse Nederlanders) or Dutch Moroccans (Nederlandse Marokkanen), are a subgroup of the Moroccan diaspora residing in the Netherlands. They consist of immigrants from Morocco and their descendants, and form the second largest foreign ethnic group in the Netherlands.
Rafah Governorate
31°18′N 34°15′E﻿ / ﻿31.3°N 34.25°E﻿ / 31.3; 34.25

The Rafah Governorate (Arabic: محافظة رفح, romanized: Muḥāfaẓat Rafaḥ) is a Governorate of Palestine in the southernmost portion of the Gaza Strip. Its district capital or muhfaza is the city of Rafah located on the border with Egypt. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, the governorate had a population of 267,635 in mid-year 2022. It contains the closed down Yasser Arafat International Airport.

Yasser Arafat International Airport
Yasser Arafat International Airport (Arabic: مطار ياسر عرفات الدولي Maṭār Yāsir 'Arafāt ad-Dawli) (IATA: GZA, ICAO: LVGZ) was an airport in the Gaza Strip. It was located between Rafah and Dahaniya, close to the Egyptian border. The facility was built as a result of the Oslo Accords and opened on 24 November 1998 as Gaza International Airport. It served as the base of Palestinian Airlines. The airport ceased operations in 2001 during the Second Intifada and was renamed in honour of Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat following his death in 2004. The Gaza airport was progressively destroyed by Israel during the intifada and later conflicts and by looting.
Vitória da Conquista
Vitória da Conquista is a municipality in Bahia, Brazil, that has a population of approximately 398.000 people as of penad 2025, according to the IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics). It is the third largest city in the state of Bahia, after Salvador and Feira de Santana.

Vitória da Conquista is known as simply "Conquista" by locals in order to differentiate it from the city of Vitória in the state of Espírito Santo. It was named after the colony of Vitória da Conquista.

Feira de Santana
Feira de Santana (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈfejɾɐ d(ʒi) sɐ̃ˈtɐ̃nɐ]; Portuguese for "Saint Anne's Fair") is a city in Bahia, Brazil. It is the second-most populous city in the state, with a population of 616,272 according to IBGE's census in 2022. It is located 100 km northwest of Salvador, Bahia's capital city. These cities are connected by BR-324, a four-lane divided highway.
Hotel Arctic (Greenland)
Hotel Arctic is a 4-star hotel located 2.7 km north of the Ilulissat Icefjord, a UNESCO World Heritage Site owned by Air Greenland. The hotel was built shortly after the airport was opened in 1984 to accommodate passengers.

Hotel Arctic has 76 rooms, 9 suites and 5 aluminium "Igloos" built on the edge of the coast. The hotel's facilities can accommodate up to 120 people. The restaurant Ulo serves Greenland cuisine and local food.

On September 1, 2013, the hotel was 100 percent CO2-neutral.

Ilulissat Icefjord
Ilulissat Icefjord (Greenlandic: Ilulissat Kangerlua) is a fjord in western Greenland. Located 250 km north of the Arctic Circle, the Ilulissat Icefjord runs west 40 km (25 mi) from the Greenland ice sheet to Disko Bay just south of the town of Ilulissat. Ilulissat Icefjord was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2004 because of its natural beauty and the importance of the fast-moving Jacobshavn Glacier in developing the current scientific understanding of anthropogenic climate change.
Adam R. Steigert
Adam Richard Steigert (born December 31, 1986) is an American filmmaker, known for his films OMBIS Alien Invasion, A Grim Becoming, Fang and The Horrific Evil Monsters. He co-founded the Buffalo-based production company 388 Studios in 2018.

Whistleblower Protection Act
The Whistleblower Protection Act of 1989, 5 U.S.C. 2302(b)(8)-(9), Pub.L. 101-12 as amended, is a United States federal law that protects federal whistleblowers who work for the government and report the possible existence of an activity constituting a violation of law, rules, or regulations, or mismanagement, gross waste of funds, abuse of authority or a substantial and specific danger to public health and safety. A federal agency violates the Whistleblower Protection Act if agency authorities take (or threaten to take) retaliatory personnel action against any employee or applicant because of disclosure of information by that employee or applicant.
Hong Beom-do
General Hong Beom-do (Korean: 홍범도; Hanja: 洪範圖; August 27, 1868 – October 25, 1943) was a Korean independence activist and national hero. Hong served as commander of a guerrilla unit of the Justice Army "Yibyon" within the Righteous armies and the Korean Independence Army, which essentially gave rise to Korea's armed struggle against Japanese colonialists.

In 1962, he was posthumously awarded the Order of Merit for National Foundation by South Korea.

Free City incident
The Svobodny incident (Korean: 자유시 참변; Hanja: 自由市慘變), also known as the Jayu City incident (자유시 사기변; 自由市事庋變) and the Heukha incident (흑하사변; 黑河事變), occurred on June 28, 1921, in Svobodny (Russian for "free") in the Far East Republic (currently Amur Oblast, Russia) where the Korean exiled independence fighters who refused to accept command of the Red Army were surrounded and suppressed.
2010 Oberstaufen Cup
The 2010 Oberstaufen Cup was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor red clay courts. This was the eleventh edition of the tournament which is part of the 2010 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Oberstaufen, Germany between 5 July and 11 July 2010.

Oberstaufen Cup
The Oberstaufen Cup was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor red clay courts. It was part of the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour. It was held annually in Oberstaufen, Germany, from 1992 until 2014.
Tétény (genus)
Tétény (Thetun or Tetun; Croatian: Tetenj) was the name of a gens (Latin for "clan"; nemzetség in Hungarian) in the Kingdom of Hungary. Initially having roots in Central Hungary, they mostly possessed lands beyond the river Drava in the territory of Slavonia. The kinship reached its peak in the first third of the 13th century. The noble Pekri family descended from this clan.

Pál Engel
Pál Engel (27 February 1938 – 21 August 2001) was a Hungarian medievalist historian and archivist, and member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. He served as General Director of the Library of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences between 1996 and 1997. Despite Engel being an autodidact historian (who had no degree in history), he became a preeminent medievalist, and member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.
Karl Harrison
Karl Harrison (born 20 February 1964) is an English former professional rugby league footballer and coach, who played in the 1980s and 1990s, and coached in the 2000s and 2010s. He played at representative level for both Great Britain and England, and at club level for Bramley, Featherstone Rovers, Hull FC (two spells) and Halifax, as a prop. He has coached England, Keighley Cougars, Salford City Reds, Batley Bulldogs and Halifax. Harrison is a Halifax Hall of Fame Inductee.

Widnes Vikings
The Widnes Vikings are an English rugby league club in Widnes, Cheshire, which competes in the Championship. The club plays home matches at DCBL Stadium. Founded as Widnes Football Club, they are one of the original twenty-two rugby clubs that formed the Northern Rugby Football Union in 1895. Their historic nickname is "The Chemics" after the main industry in Widnes, but now they use their modern nickname, "The Vikings".

The club enjoyed a period of success in the 1970s, 1980s, and early 1990s, and were frequently described as "Cup Kings" reaching the Challenge Cup Final 7 times in 10 years between 1975 and 1984. In 1989, after winning their third Rugby League Premiership, Widnes became the first official World Club Champions by beating the Australian champions Canberra Raiders 30–18 at Old Trafford. They have a strong local rivalry with Warrington Wolves.
Renault Taxi de la Marne
The Renault Type AG, commonly referred to as the Renault Taxi de la Marne or Marne Taxi is a hackney carriage automobile manufactured by the French automaker Renault from 1905 to 1910. The name Taxi de la Marne was not used until the outbreak of World War I, when the fleet of Paris taxis was requisitioned by the French Army to transport troops from Paris to the First Battle of the Marne in early September 1914. It was also the first taxi manufactured by Renault.

Hackney carriage
A hackney or hackney carriage (also called a cab, black cab, hack or taxi) is a carriage or car for hire. A symbol of London and Britain, the black taxi is a common sight on the streets of London. The hackney carriages carry a roof sign TAXI that can be illuminated to indicate their availability for passengers.

In the UK, the name hackney carriage today refers to a taxicab licensed by Transport for London, local authority (non-metropolitan district councils, unitary authorities) or the Department of the Environment depending on region of the country. Some hackney carriages have also been exported for use in other countries.
Latent internal energy
The latent internal energy of a system is the internal energy a system requires to undergo a phase transition. Its value is specific to the substance or mix of substances in question. The value can also vary with temperature and pressure. Generally speaking the value is different for the type of phase change being accomplished. Examples can include Latent internal energy of vaporization (liquid to vapor), Latent internal energy of crystallization (liquid to solid) Latent internal energy of sublimation (solid to vapor). These values are usually expressed in units of energy per mole or per mass such as J/mol or BTU/lb. Often a negative sign will be used to represent energy being withdrawn from the system, while a positive value represents energy being added to the system.

For every type of latent internal energy there is an opposite. For example, the latent internal energy of Freezing (liquid to solid) is equal to the negative of the Latent internal energy of melting (solid to liquid)

Phase transition
In physics, chemistry and biology, a phase transition (or phase change) is the physical process of transition between one state of a medium and another. Commonly the term is used to refer to changes among the basic states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas, and in rare cases, plasma. A phase of a thermodynamic system and the states of matter have uniform physical properties. During a phase transition of a given medium, certain properties of the medium change as a result of the change of external conditions, such as temperature or pressure. This can be a discontinuous change; for example, a liquid may become gas upon heating to its boiling point, resulting in an abrupt change in volume. The identification of the external conditions at which a transformation occurs defines the phase transition point.
Round house (Thames and Severn Canal)
The round houses on the Thames and Severn Canal are five former lengthsmen's cottages built along the canal between Chalford and Lechlade in Gloucestershire, England. Constructed in the 1790s when the canal was built, all but one of them are Grade II listed and have been restored as private dwellings. The buildings have been described as "peculiar" and "a distinctive feature of the Thames and Severn Canal's architecture".

South Cerney
South Cerney is a village and civil parish in the Cotswold district of Gloucestershire, 3 miles south of Cirencester and close to the border with Wiltshire.

It had a population of 3,074 according to the 2001 census, increasing to 3,464 at the 2011 census. In 2001 South Cerney was winner of the Bledisloe Cup for the best-kept village in Gloucestershire (large village class), having previously won the award in 1955.