hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Choke (horse)
Choke is a condition in horses in which the esophagus is blocked, usually by food material. Although the horse is still able to breathe, it is unable to swallow, and may become severely dehydrated. A secondary condition, aspiration pneumonia, may also develop if food material and saliva accumulate in the pharynx, spilling into the trachea and into the lungs. Choke is one of the "top 10" emergencies received by equine veterinarians.

The condition is seen in other Equidae like mules and donkeys.

Donkey
The donkey or ass is a domesticated equine. It derives from the African wild ass, Equus africanus, and may be classified either as a subspecies thereof, Equus africanus asinus, or as a separate species, Equus asinus.: 1  It was domesticated in Africa some 5000–7000 years ago,: 2 : 3715  and has been used mainly as a working animal since that time.

There are more than 40 million donkeys in the world, mostly in underdeveloped countries, where they are used principally as draught or pack animals. While working donkeys are often associated with those living at or below subsistence, small numbers of donkeys or asses are kept for breeding, as pets, and for livestock protection in developed countries.

An adult male donkey is a jack or jackass, an adult female is a jenny or jennet, and an immature donkey of either sex is a foal. Jacks are often mated with female horses (mares) to produce mules; the less common hybrid of a male horse (stallion) and jenny is a hinny.
Tucson Five
The Tucson Five was a group of house-mates from Los Angeles who were, despite a lack of evidence, alleged by the FBI to have been participants in the Weather Underground. Their case is notable because of the way in which grand jury proceedings and contempt of court charges were used against the group by Guy L. Goodwin of the United States Department of Justice, ultimately leading to a successful appeal to the Supreme Court by one member of the group. The case is additionally notable because the FBI breached the group's attorney–client privilege via wiretaps and black bag jobs.

Attorney–client privilege
Attorney–client privilege or lawyer–client privilege is the common law doctrine of legal professional privilege in the United States.  Attorney–client privilege is "[a] client's right to refuse to disclose and to prevent any other person from disclosing confidential communications between the client and the attorney."

The attorney–client privilege is one of the oldest  privileges for confidential communications. The United States Supreme Court has stated that by assuring confidentiality, the privilege encourages clients to make "full and frank" disclosures to their attorneys, who are then better able to provide candid advice and effective representation.
Dios le Guarde
Dios le Guarde is a village and municipality in the province of Salamanca,  western Spain, part of the autonomous community of Castile-Leon. It is located 72 kilometres (45 mi) from the provincial capital city of Salamanca and as of 2016 has a population of 139 people.

Province of Salamanca
Salamanca (Spanish pronunciation: [salaˈmaŋka]) is a province of western Spain, in the western part of the autonomous community of Castile and León (Castilla y León). It is bordered by the provinces of Ávila, Cáceres, Valladolid, and Zamora, and on the west by Portugal. It has an area of 12,349 km2 and in 2018 had a population of 331,473 people. It is divided into 362 municipalities, 11 comarcas, 32 mancomunidades, and five judicial districts. Of the 362 municipalities, more than half are villages with fewer than 300 people.
Gospels of Saint-Médard de Soissons
The Gospels of Saint-Médard de Soissons (Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale, MS lat. 8850) is a 9th-century illuminated manuscript gospel book, and is a product of the Court or Ada School of the Carolingian Renaissance.

The codex was produced before 827 when it was given to the abbey of Saint-Médard de Soissons by Louis the Pious and his wife, Judith. It remained in Soissons, France until the time of the French Revolution. The book contains the Vulgate text of the four gospels, Eusebian canon tables, and other prefatory texts.  The 239 surviving folios measure 362 by 267 millimeters. The twelve pages of the canon tables are decorated, in addition there are six full page miniatures and four decorative pages. The full page miniatures include a representation of the Fountain of Life based on the similar illumination in the Godescalc Evangelistary.

Eusebius
Eusebius of Caesarea (c. AD 260/265 – 30 May AD 339), also known as Eusebius Pamphilius, was a historian of Christianity, exegete, and Christian polemicist from the Roman province of Syria Palaestina. In about AD 314 he became the bishop of Caesarea Maritima.

Together with Pamphilus, Eusebius was a scholar of the biblical canon and is regarded as one of the most learned Christians during late antiquity. He wrote the Demonstrations of the Gospel, Preparations for the Gospel and On Discrepancies between the Gospels, studies of the biblical text. His work Onomasticon is an early geographical lexicon of places in the Holy Land mentioned in the Bible. As "Father of Church History" (not to be confused with the title of Church Father), he produced the Ecclesiastical History, On the Life of Pamphilus, the Chronicle and On the Martyrs. He also produced a biographical work on Constantine the Great, the first Christian Roman emperor, who was Augustus between AD 306 and AD 337.
Éric Laporte
Éric Laporte (born January 24, 1976, in Montreal, Quebec) is a politician from Quebec, Canada. He was an Action démocratique du Québec Member of the National Assembly for the electoral district of L'Assomption from 2007 to 2008.

Laporte is a graduate from the Université du Québec à Montréal where he obtained a bachelor's degree in business administration and was also trained at Institut canadien des valeurs mobilieres. He worked as an agent at the National Bank in Montreal and Industrielle Alliance in Charlemagne. He was also a member of the Terrebonne Chamber of Commerce as well as the vice-president of the international student association in economic and commercial sciences at the UQAM.

He was first elected in the 2007 election with 39% of the vote. Parti Québécois incumbent Jean-Claude St-André finished second with 34% of the vote.  Laporte took office on April 12, 2007.

Terrebonne, Quebec
Terrebonne (French pronunciation: [tɛʁbɔn]) is an off-island suburb of Montreal, in southwestern Quebec, Canada. It is located in the North Shore region of the Montreal area, north of Laval across the Rivière des Mille-Îles.

This city is divided in three sectors, namely Lachenaie, La Plaine and Terrebonne. In the past, these sectors were distinct cities. However, on 22 August 2001, they merged under the name of Terrebonne. According to the 2021 Canadian Census Terrebonne has a population of 119,944, making it Montreal's third largest suburb and the largest city on the North Shore.
Promoter (entertainment)
A promoter works with event production and entertainment industries to promote their productions, including in music and sports. Promoters are individuals or organizations engaged in the business of marketing and promoting live, or pay-per-view and similar events, such as music concerts, gigs, nightclub performances and raves, sports events, and festivals.

Gig worker
Gig workers are independent contractors, online platform workers, contract firm workers, on-demand workers, and temporary workers. Gig workers enter into formal agreements with on-demand companies to provide services to the company's clients. They are part of the gig economy.

In many countries, the legal classification of gig workers is still being debated, with companies classifying their workers as "independent contractors", while organized labor advocates have been lobbying for them to be classified as "employees", which would legally require companies to provide the full suite of employee benefits like time-and-a-half for overtime, paid sick time, employer-provided health care, bargaining rights, and unemployment insurance, among others. In 2020, California approved by popular vote Proposition 22, which created a third-worker classification of gig-worker-drivers as contractors but maintained certain benefits such as minimum wage and mileage reimbursement.
Ocellularia raveniana
Ocellularia raveniana is a species of corticolous lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in Sri Lanka, it was formally described as a new species in 2014 by lichenologists Gothamie Weerakoon, Robert Lücking, and Helge Thorsten Lumbsch. The type specimen was collected from a high-elevation tea estate in Matale (Central Province) at an altitude of 1,360 m (4,460 ft). The lichen is only known to occur at the type locality and in the Sabaragamuwa Mountain Range. The specific epithet raveniana honours botanist and environmentalist Peter H. Raven, longtime director and now President Emeritus of the Missouri Botanical Garden. Ocellularia raveniana has a cream-colored to white thallus up to 10 cm (4 in) in diameter, with an uneven to somewhat verrucose (warty) surface. Its ascospores are hyaline, oblong to ellipsoid in shape, contain seven to nine septa, and measure 25–35 by 8–10 μm. Secondary chemicals present in the lichen include protocetraric acid, and virensic acid.

Central Province, Sri Lanka
The Central Province (Sinhala: මධ්‍යම පළාත Madhyama Paḷāta, Tamil: மத்திய மாகாணம் Maddiya Mākāṇam) is one of the nine provinces of Sri Lanka. The province has an area of 567,400 ha (1,402,000 acres) and a population of 2,421,148, making it the second most populated province. The city of Kandy has been its capital since 1469.

The Central Province is located primarily in the central mountainous terrain of Sri Lanka. It is bordered by the North Central Province to the north, the Uva Province to the east, the North Western Province to the west and the Sabaragamuwa Province to the south and west.

The province is famous for its production of Ceylon tea, the cultivation of which was initiated by the British in the 1860s after a devastating disease killed all coffee plantations in the province. The province attracts many tourists, with hill station towns such as Gampola, Hatton and Nuwara Eliya. The province is home to four UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
Dusty Fingers
Dusty Fingers is the name of a series of compilation albums of songs, that are widely admired as breakbeats collected by Bronx DJ Danny Dann the Beat Mann. Some of the songs featured contain "open breaks" which are solo drum passages which enable DJs to easily transition into them. These are also attractive to producers, who loop or rearrange them to create new compositions. Following in the tradition of the Ultimate Breaks and Beats series, the Dusty Fingers records contain an eclectic range of musical styles; mainly funk and jazz, but also including soul, rock, disco, and pop.

Many of the songs in the Dusty Fingers series have been sampled into new musical compositions, mainly by hip hop producers. Popular songs that sample songs from the Dusty Fingers series include "Guilty Conscience" by Eminem, "Find Your Wealth" by Nas, "Rowdy Rowdy" by 50 Cent, "Show Me What You Got" by Jay-Z, "Daydreamin'" by Lupe Fiasco, and "Dr. Carter" by Lil' Wayne.

Alain Goraguer
Alain Goraguer (French pronunciation: [alɛ̃ ɡɔʁaɡɛʁ]; 20 August 1931 – 13 February 2023) was a French jazz pianist, sideman of Boris Vian and Serge Gainsbourg, arranger and composer.

Goraguer was a composer/arranger of music for Serge Gainsbourg, Salvatore Adamo and Jean Ferrat, Serge Reggiani and Nana Mouskouri.

In 1965 he was the orchestra conductor for Luxembourg's winning entry in the Eurovision Song Contest, "Poupée de cire, poupée de son". (Though it represented Luxembourg, the song had an entirely French creative team behind it, as it was sung by France Gall, written by Gainsbourg, and conducted by Goraguer.)

He composed some or all of the music for films including La Planète Sauvage (1973), La Vie de bohème (1992), Deux jours à tuer (2008) and Saint Laurent (2014).

Goraguer died on 13 February 2023, at the age of 91.
J-Town
J-Town is a nickname for:

Japantown, enclaves of ethnic Japanese outside Japan
Japantown, San Francisco, California, U.S.
Japantown, San Jose, California, U.S.

Jakarta, Indonesia

Jefferson, South Carolina, U.S.

Jeffersontown, Kentucky, U.S.

Jinjang, Malaysia

Johnstown, Pennsylvania, U.S.

Jonesboro, Arkansas, U.S.

Joplin, Missouri, U.S.

Jos, Plateau, Nigeria

Little Tokyo, Los Angeles, California, U.S.

Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Jerusalem, Israel

Rzeszów–Jasionka Airport, Poland

Jaffna, Sri Lanka

Julianów and Józefosław, Poland

Jyväskylä, Finland

Jinjang
Jinjang, also known as J-Town, is a township and Chinese new village in the Kepong constituency in north-western Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Jinjang comprises Jinjang Utara (North) and Jinjang Selatan (South). It was previously known for the prevalence of 'gangsterism' from the 1960s.
Ambulyx moorei
Ambulyx moorei, the cinnamon gliding hawkmoth, is a moth of the family Sphingidae. The species was first described by Frederic Moore in 1858. It is found in Sri Lanka, southern and eastern India, the Nicobar Islands and Andaman Islands, Thailand, Vietnam, southern China, the Philippines (Palawan, Balabac), Malaysia (Peninsular, Sarawak), Singapore and Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan).

Nicobar Islands
The Nicobar Islands /ˈnɪkəbɑːr/ are an archipelagic island chain in the eastern Indian Ocean. They are located in Southeast Asia, 150 kilometres (93 mi) northwest of Aceh on Sumatra, and separated from Thailand to the east by the Andaman Sea. Located 1,300 kilometres (810 mi) southeast of the Indian subcontinent, across the Bay of Bengal, they are part of India, as the Nicobar district within the union territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Together with the Andaman Islands to their north, the Nicobar Islands serve as a maritime boundary between the Bay of Bengal to the west and the Andaman Sea to the east.

In 2013, UNESCO added the Great Nicobar Island to its World Network of Biosphere Reserves, a list of internationally designated protected areas.
Fahamu
Fahamu is a not-for-profit organization supporting organizations and social movements championing progressive social change and human rights. With branches in the United Kingdom, South Africa, Senegal, and Kenya, Fahamu primarily engages with civil and human rights organizations through Pambazuka News, an online platform focusing on social justice. Additionally, they offer online courses on human rights and social justice and employ new technologies, including SMS, for information dissemination, lobbying, and interactions.

Not-for-profit organization
A not-for-profit organisation (NFPO) is a legal entity that does not distribute surplus funds to its members and is formed to fulfill specific objectives.

While not-for-profit organizations and nonprofit organizations (NPO) are distinct legal entities, the terms are sometimes used interchangeably. An NFPO must be differentiated from a NPO as they are not formed explicitly for the public good as an NPO must be, and NFPOs are considered "recreational organizations", meaning that they do not operate with the goal of generating revenue as opposed to NPOs.
Bongani (given name)
Bongani is a masculine given name, derived from the Nguni word bonga, meaning "to give thanks."

. Notable people with the given name include:

Bongani Jele (born 1986), South African cricket umpire

Bongani Khumalo (born 1987), South African footballer

Bongani Mahlangu (born 1979), South African boxer

Bongani Masuku, South African vocalist

Bongani Sam (born 1997), South African footballer

Bongani Mayosi (1967–2018), South African cardiology professor

Bongani Msomi, South African politician

Bongani Mwelase (born 1982), South African boxer

Bongani Ndodana-Breen (born 1975), South African composer

Bongani Ndulula (born 1989), South African footballer

Bongani Zungu (born 1992), South African footballer

Bongani Mahlangu
Bongani ("Wonderboy") Mahlangu (born 7 October 1979) is a South African professional boxer. As an amateur, he participated in the 2004 Summer Olympics, where he was stopped in the first round of the lightweight division by Azerbaijan's Rovshan Huseynov.

Mahlangu won the silver medal in the same division one year earlier, at the All-Africa Games in Abuja, Nigeria.
Erich Suhrbier
Erich Suhrbier (born 25 April 1938) is a West German sprint canoer who competed in the mid to late 1960s. He won a bronze medal in the K-2 10000 m event at the 1963 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships in Jajce.

Suhrbier also competed in two Summer Olympics, earning his best finish of fourth in the K-1 1000 m event at Tokyo in 1964.

Jajce
Jajce (Serbian Cyrillic: Јајце) is a town and municipality in the Central Bosnia Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. According to the 2013 census, the town has a population of 7,172 inhabitants, with 27,258 inhabitants in the municipality, It is situated in the region of Bosanska Krajina, on the crossroads between Banja Luka, Mrkonjić Grad, and Donji Vakuf, and on the confluence of the rivers Pliva and Vrbas.
María Mercedes Maciel Ortiz
María Mercedes Maciel Ortiz (born 1 December 1959) is a Mexican politician from the Labor Party. She has served as Deputy of the LVII and LX Legislatures of the Mexican Congress representing Oaxaca. She previously served as a regidora (city councillor) in Tijuana from 1986 to 1989, elected as a member of the now-defunct Workers' Socialist Party (PST).

Labor Party (Mexico)
The Labor Party (Spanish: Partido del Trabajo [paɾˈtiðo ðel tɾaˈβaxo], PT; also known as the Workers Party) is a socialist political party in Mexico. It was founded on 8 December 1990. The party is currently led by Alberto Anaya.

Following the 2018 election, the PT became the third-largest political party in the Chamber of Deputies with 61 deputies, after Morena with 191 and the PAN with 81. Political maneuvering briefly established the PRI as the third-largest party in August 2020, although it later turned out that the PT and the PRI were tied with 46 seats each after doubtful PRD deputy defections in favor of the PRI.

It received 6.46% of the total votes cast in the 2024 presidential election, becoming the sixth national political force. It has 49 deputies and 6 senators in the LXVI legislature of the Congress of the Union.
Mardi Gras Casino and Resort
Mardi Gras Casino and Resort is a casino and greyhound racing venue located in the city of Nitro, West Virginia.  It is located just off the Cross Lanes exit of I-64, 14 miles west of Charleston, West Virginia and 36 miles east of Huntington, West Virginia. Although it is located within the city of Nitro, it is served by the neighboring Cross Lanes post office.

It features table games, slot machines, live greyhound racing, and off-track betting for both greyhound and horse racing.  It also features several restaurants, food operations and a 150-room luxury hotel.  The facility has a Mardi Gras theme.

Greyhound racing
Greyhound racing is an organised, competitive sport in which greyhounds race on dedicated tracks. The modern track form of the sport developed from hare coursing and uses a mechanically operated artificial lure (usually a form of windsock) that travels along a rail ahead of the dogs. As with horse racing, greyhound races frequently involve parimutuel or bookmaker betting.

In many countries, greyhound racing is conducted at an amateur level. In other countries, particularly Australia, Ireland, the United Kingdom and the United States, it forms part of the commercial gambling industry.
Prenol
Prenol, or 3-methyl-2-buten-1-ol, is a natural alcohol. It is one of the most simple terpenoids. It occurs naturally in citrus fruits, cranberry, bilberry, currants, grapes, raspberry, blackberry, tomato, white bread, hop oil, coffee, arctic bramble, cloudberry and passion fruit. It is a clear colorless oil that is reasonably soluble in water and miscible with most common organic solvents.

Prenol has a fruity odor and is used occasionally in perfumery. It is also manufactured industrially by BASF (in Ludwigshafen, Germany) and by Kuraray (in Asia) as an intermediate to pharmaceuticals and aroma compounds. Global production in 2001 was between 6000 and 13,000 tons.

Alcohol (chemistry)
In chemistry, an alcohol (from Arabic  al-kuḥl 'the kohl') is a type of organic compound that carries at least one hydroxyl (−OH) functional group bound to a saturated carbon atom. Alcohols range from the simple, like methanol and ethanol, to complex, like sugar alcohols and cholesterol. The presence of an OH group strongly modifies the properties of hydrocarbons, conferring hydrophilic (water-attracted) properties.  The OH group provides a site at which many reactions can occur.
Dolynske, Melitopol Raion
Dolynske is a village in Melitopol Raion, Zaporizhia Oblast, Ukraine, some 20 km west of Melitopol. It was originally a Hutterite village and until 1945 was known as Johannesruh or Johannesruhe.

The village was founded in 1852/3 by 17 Hutterites families from Hutterthal, some 4 km south of the new village. It was named after Johann Cornies, who had helped the Hutterites to relocate from Radichev. In 1857 some 35 Hutterite families under the leadership of Georg Waldner (1794–1857) left Johannesruh and moved to Hutterdorf, where they had purchased 1,500 desiatinas of land to reestablish communal living. In 1877 the German inhabitants of Johannesruh migrated to the United States.

Melitopol Raion
Melitopol Raion (Ukrainian: Мелітопольський район) is one of the five raions (districts) of Zaporizhzhia Oblast in southern Ukraine. The administrative center of the region is Melitopol. Population: 276,638 (2022 estimate).

On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Zaporizhzhia Oblast was reduced to five, and the area of Melitopol Raion was significantly expanded.  The population was 48,191 (2020 est.).

During the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the raion has been occupied by Russia. Pro-Ukrainian partisans are very active in the area.
Alexander Throm
Alexander Throm (born 8 September 1968 in Heilbronn) is a German lawyer and politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) who has been serving as a member of the Bundestag (Germany's national parliament) from the state of Baden-Württemberg, representing the Heilbronn electoral district, as a direct candidate since 2017. He was previously a member of the State Parliament of Baden-Württemberg from 2011 to 2016.

Landtag of Baden-Württemberg
The Landtag of Baden-Württemberg is the diet of the German state of Baden-Württemberg. It convenes in Stuttgart and currently consists of 154 members of five political parties. The majority before the 2021 election was a coalition of the Alliance 90/The Greens and the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), supporting the cabinet of Green Minister-President Winfried Kretschmann, who has served since 2011.
Doms in Israel
There is a Dom community in Israel. It is estimated that about 5,000 Dom live in Israel, the West Bank and Gaza. Invisible to most Jerusalemites, between 1,200 and 3,000 of Dom reside inside the Lions’ Gate, in and around Burj Laklak Street. The Dom population in Israel have dwindled over the years because many fled to Jordan during Israel's wars, particularly the Six-Day War in 1967. Israeli Doms are concentrated in East Jerusalem. They are regarded by Israeli authorities as an integral part of the Arab population of East Jerusalem and the West Bank.

Lions' Gate
Lions' Gate (Hebrew: שער האריות, romanized: Sha'ar ha-Arayot, lit. 'Lions' Gate', Arabic: باب الأسباط, romanized: Bab al-Asbat, lit. 'Gate of the Tribes'), also St Stephen's Gate, is one of the seven open Gates of the Old City of Jerusalem. It leads into the Muslim Quarter of the Old City.