hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Insulin pump
An insulin pump is a medical device used for the administration of insulin in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, also known as continuous subcutaneous insulin therapy (CSII = Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion).
The device configuration may vary depending on design.  A traditional pump includes:

the pump (including controls, processing module, and batteries)

a disposable reservoir for insulin (inside the pump)

a disposable infusion set, including a cannula for subcutaneous insertion (under the skin) and a tubing system to connect the insulin reservoir to the cannula.

Other configurations are possible. More recent models may include disposable or semi-disposable designs for the pumping mechanism and may eliminate tubing from the infusion set.

An insulin pump is an alternative to multiple daily injections of insulin by insulin syringes or an insulin pen and allows for flexible insulin therapy when used in conjunction with blood glucose monitoring and carbohydrate counting.

Dawn phenomenon
The dawn phenomenon, sometimes called the dawn effect, is an observed increase in blood sugar (glucose) levels that takes place in the early-morning, often between 2 a.m. and 8 a.m. First described by Schmidt in 1981 as an increase of blood glucose or insulin demand occurring at dawn, this naturally occurring phenomenon is frequently seen among the general population and is clinically relevant for patients with diabetes as it can affect their medical management. In contrast to Chronic Somogyi rebound, the dawn phenomenon is not associated with nocturnal hypoglycemia.
Mungalup, Western Australia
Mungalup is a rural town and locality of the Shire of Collie in the South West region of Western Australia.

The town of Mungalup is located within the eastern part of the locality and in a state forest, with a reserve in this state forest being used to cut sleepers for the railway lines in the early 1900s. Sleepers were transported by tram line to Collie and the local sleeper cutters lived in basic huts in the area. The area was surveyed and gazetted in 1906, with a number of names suggested for the new townsite, among them Lucknow, used locally, and Hearnshawville, after a local politician. Eventually, the name Mungalupp, of unknown origin, was chosen, and was changed to Mungalup in 1925.

Mungalup is located on the traditional land of the Kaniyang and Wiilman people of the Noongar nation.

Mungalup is the location of Mungalup Dam, opened in November 1934 by the Deputy Premier of Western Australia, Alick McCallum, as a water supply for Collie.

Shire of Collie
The Shire of Collie is a local government area in the South West region of Western Australia, about 60 kilometres (37 mi) east of Bunbury and about 200 kilometres (124 mi) south of the state capital, Perth. The Shire covers an area of 1,711 square kilometres (661 sq mi), and its seat of government is the town of Collie.
Zinder (film)
Zinder is a 2021 Nigerien documentary film directed by Aicha Macky. The film lends its title to the filmmaker's hometown Zinder. It won the best documentary award at the Reykjavík International Film Festival and was nominated to the Tanit d'or at the Carthage Film Festival, among other nominations.

Zinder
Zinder (locally, Damagaram), formerly also spelled Sinder, is the third largest city in Niger, with a population of 235,605 as by the 2012 census. It is situated 861 km (535 mi) east of the capital Niamey and 240 km (150 mi) north of the Nigerian city of Kano.
Malcolm Murray (actor)
Malcolm Alan Murray (born 24 July 1964) is a New Zealand stage and television actor, best known for his role as Dr Alan Dubrovsky in the television soap opera Shortland Street between 1999 and 2001. In 2005 he won the Actor of the Year award at the Chapman Tripp Theatre Awards in Wellington for his portrayal of Dimitri Tsafendas in the Antony Sher play I.D.

Circa Theatre
Circa Theatre is a professional theatre company in Wellington, New Zealand, that was established in 1976. They present a number of plays each year in their two auditoriums, and have a unique partnership and funding model with incoming shows underpinned with a cooperative principle.
Eucephalus (plant)
Eucephalus is a genus of North American flowering plants in the family Asteraceae.

Eucephalus is a perennial up to 160 cm (64 inches) tall. It has numerous flower heads, some species with both ray disc florets but others with only disc florets. Disc florets are nearly always yellow in the genus, but ray florets can be white, pink, purple, or violet.

Species

Eucephalus breweri - California Nevada Oregon

Eucephalus elegans - Nevada Oregon Idaho Montana Wyoming Utah Colorado

Eucephalus engelmannii - California Nevada Utah Colorado Idaho Montana Washington British Columbia Alberta

Eucephalus glabratus  - California Oregon

Eucephalus glaucescens Washington

Eucephalus gormanii  - Oregon

Eucephalus ledophyllus - California Oregon Washington

Eucephalus paucicapitatus - Washington British Columbia Alberta

Eucephalus tomentellus - California Oregon

Eucephalus vialis - California Oregon

Eucephalus glabratus
Eucephalus glabratus is a North American species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae with the common names of smooth aster, smooth wayside-aster, and Siskiyou aster. It is a perennial herb up to 60 centimeters (24 inches) tall, with branching rhizomes. Stems and leaves are hairless or nearly so. One plant will usually produce 3–8 flower heads per stem. Each head has 0–4 violet ray florets surrounding numerous yellow disc florets.

Eucephalus glabratus grows at elevations of 700–2,300 meters (2,300–7,550 feet) in openings in oak and conifer forests or chaparral of the Klamath Mountains of southwestern Oregon and northwestern California.

NatureServe classifies Eucephalus glabratus as Apparently Secure (G4) globally and Vulnerable (S3) in California. It has no state status rank for Oregon.
2022–23 Tunisian Women's Championship
The 2022–23 Tunisian Women's Championship is the 17th season of the Tunisian Women's Championship, the Tunisian national women's association football competition. AS Banque de l'Habitat are the defending champions. After declaring ASF Bouhajla winners, the title returned finally to ASF Sousse.

AS Banque de l'Habitat
AS Banque de l'Habitat (Arabic: الجمعية الرياضية لبنك الإسكان, lit. 'Association sportive de la Banque de l'habitat') is a football club based in Tunis, Tunisia and owned by the BH Bank (Tunisia) formerly Banque de l'habitat. The club is playing in the Tunisian Women's Championship, the top division in the Tunisia female football league system. They have won the championship on three occasions.

In July 2021, the club took part in the inaugural 2021 CAF Women's Champions League UNAF Qualifiers which was won by AS FAR.
2009 Little League World Series
The 2009 Little League World Series was the 63rd edition of the Little League World Series, held in South Williamsport, Pennsylvania, from August 21 through August 30, 2009. Eight teams from the United States and eight from the rest of the world competed in the tournament. In the championship game, the United States champions, from Chula Vista, California, defeated the international champions from Taoyuan County, Taiwan. This was the first tournament in which a team representing Chinese Taipei reached the championship game since 1996, and the first championship for a team from the state of California since 1993.

Activision released a video game in advance of the event, Little League World Series Baseball 2009.

1993 Little League World Series
The 1993 Little League World Series took place between August 23 and August 28 in South Williamsport, Pennsylvania. The United States was represented by the defending series champion and West Region winner, the Long Beach, California Little League. The Latin American Region winner, the David Doleguita Little League of David, Chiriqui, Panama, won the International Championship.

Long Beach defeated Panama, 3–2, in the championship game of the 47th Little League World Series and retained its world championship. Long Beach became the first American team to repeat as champion and joined the teams from Monterrey, Mexico (in 1957 and 1958) and Seoul, South Korea (in 1984 and 1985) as the only teams to do so. Since then, only the Pabao Little League of Willemstad, Curaçao, has had the opportunity to repeat; they won the 2004 title but lost the 2005 championship game.
CP-67
CP-67 is a hypervisor, or Virtual Machine Monitor, from IBM for its System/360 Model 67 computer.

CP-67 is the control program portion of CP/CMS, a virtual machine operating system developed by IBM's Cambridge Scientific Center in Cambridge, Massachusetts. It was a reimplementation of their earlier research system CP-40, which ran on a one-off customized S/360-40. CP-67 was later reimplemented (again) as CP-370, which IBM released as VM/370 in 1972, when virtual memory was added to the System/370 series.

CP and CMS are usually grouped together as a unit, but the "components are independent of each other. CP-67 can be used on an appropriate configuration without CMS, and CMS
can be run on a properly configured System/360 as a single-user system without CP-67."

Cambridge Scientific Center
The IBM Cambridge Scientific Center was a corporate research laboratory established in February 1964 in Cambridge, Massachusetts.  Situated at 545 Technology Square (Tech Square), in the same building as MIT's Project MAC, it was later renamed the IBM Scientific Center.  It is most notable for creating the CP-40 and the control program portions of CP/CMS, a virtual machine operating system developed for the IBM System/360-67.
Operator Training Simulator
An operator training simulator (OTS) is a computer-based training system that uses a dynamic simulation model of an industrial process, usually integrated with an emulator of the process plant's distributed control system (DCS).

Dynamical system simulation
Dynamical system simulation or dynamic system simulation is the use of a computer program to model the time-varying behavior of a dynamical system. The systems are typically described by ordinary differential equations or partial differential equations. A simulation run solves the state-equation system to find the behavior of the state variables over a specified period of time. The equation is solved through numerical integration methods to produce the transient behavior of the state variables. Simulation of dynamic systems predicts the values of model-system state variables, as they are determined by the past state values. This relationship is found by creating a model of the system.
Camp Prospect Hill
Camp Prospect Hill was a former American Civil War training camp that existed in 1861 in Somerville, Massachusetts. It was located on Prospect Hill in the Union Square neighborhood of Somerville, on the site of an American Revolutionary War fort. Company E of the 39th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry Regiment trained there.

Somerville, Massachusetts
Somerville (/ˈsʌmərvɪl/ SUM-ər-vil) is a city located directly to the northwest of Boston, and north of Cambridge, in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. As of the 2020 United States census, the city had a total population of 81,045 people. With an area of 4.12 square miles (10.7 km2), the city has a density of 19,671/sq mi (7,595/km2), making it the most densely populated municipality in New England and the 19th most densely populated incorporated municipality in the country. Somerville was established as a town in 1842, when it was separated from Charlestown. In 2006, the city was named the best-run city in Massachusetts by The Boston Globe. In 1972, 2009, and 2015, the city received the All-America City Award. It is home to Tufts University, which has its campus along the Somerville and Medford border.
Ursula Richter (intelligence agent)
Ursula Richter was the name used by the spy Erika Reißmann (18 April 1933 - 2002) after she was infiltrated from East Germany into West Germany at the end of 1964. Between 1966 and 1985 she was employed in a series of jobs with businesses and agencies in the Bonn area which gave her access to information that was of interest to her handlers.   Fearing imminent arrest in the west, she resurfaced in East Germany in August 1985.   Her real employer during her two decades in West Germany was the Foreign Intelligence Service (" Hauptverwaltung Aufklärung" / HVA) branch of the East German Ministry for State Security ("Ministerium für Staatssicherheit"" / MfS / Stasi).

Unofficial collaborator
An unofficial collaborator or IM (German: [iˈʔɛm] ⓘ; both from German: inoffizieller Mitarbeiter), or euphemistically informal collaborator (informeller Mitarbeiter), was an informant in the East Germany who delivered private information to the Ministry for State Security. At the end of the East German government, there was a network of around 189,000 informants, working at every level of society.
South Malabar Gramin Bank
South Malabar Gramin Bank Malappuram Kottakunnu (now Kerala Gramin Bank) was a Regional Rural Bank in India, and had its headquarters at Malappuram in Kerala. Its area of operation was limited to 8 districts in Kerala, India. It had been financing farm and non-farm sectors and other employment generation programs through its 506 branches spread over these 8 districts.

As per Government of India notification dated 08.07.2013, amalgamation of South Malabar Gramin Bank and North Malabar Gramin Bank sponsored by Syndicate Bank had been effected into a single entity as Kerala Gramin Bank with its head office at Malappuram and sponsor bank as Canara Bank after consulting NABARD, concerned sponsor banks and State government of Kerala. Government of India notification is effective from 08.07.2013

Syndicate Bank
Syndicate Bank was one of the oldest major commercial banks in India. It was founded by Tonse Upendra Ananth Pai, T. M. A. Pai and Vaman Srinivas Kudva. At the time of its establishment, the bank was known as Canara Industrial and Banking Syndicate Limited. The bank, along with 13 major commercial banks of India, was nationalised on 19 July 1969, by the government of India. It was headquartered in the university town of Manipal, India. On 1 April 2020, the bank was merged into Canara Bank.
Alta (river)
Alta River (Ukrainian: Альта, Ільтиця, Alta, Iltytsia) is a small river in Ukraine and is a right tributary of the Trubizh. The ancient town of Pereiaslav is situated between the Trubizh and Alta rivers.

The river is considered the place where the assassins sent by Sviatopolk the Accursed killed saints Boris and Gleb in 1015. In 1019 it was the site of a battle between Svyatopolk and his brother Yaroslav I the Wise which Yaroslav won.

In 1068 the river was the place where Iziaslav I of Kyiv was defeated by Polovtsy at the Battle of the Alta River

On 25 May 1630 on the river near Pereiaslav was the place where Polish hetman Stanisław Koniecpolski was beaten by the Zaporozhian Cossacks led by Taras Triasylo. The battle is known as the Taras Night and is described in the Taras Shevchenko poem Tarasova nich
.

Trubizh
The Trubizh (Ukrainian: Трубіж; Russian: Трубеж) is a river entirely located in Ukraine, a left tributary of Dnieper. It falls into the Dnieper's Kaniv Reservoir (named after Kaniv). It is 113 kilometres (70 mi) long, and has a drainage basin of 4,700 square kilometres (1,800 sq mi).

Major cities: Pereiaslav.
2018 Little League World Series
The 2018 Little League World Series was held from August 16 to August 26 at the Little League headquarters complex in South Williamsport, Pennsylvania. Eight teams from the United States and eight teams from around the world competed in the 72nd edition of the Little League World Series. Honolulu Little League of Honolulu, Hawaii, defeated South Seoul Little League of Seoul, South Korea, in the championship by a 3–0 score. It was the third championship for a team from Hawaii, having previously won in 2005 and 2008.

2008 Little League World Series
The 2008 Little League World Series, was held in South Williamsport, Pennsylvania. It began on August 15 and ended August 24. Eight teams from the United States and eight from throughout the world competed to decide the winner of the 62nd installment of the Little League World Series. In the championship game, the United States champions from Waipi`o, Hawaii defeated the international champions from Matamoros, Mexico. The next iteration of the tournament in which the international champion did not originate from an East Asian country was 2019.

Activision released a video game in advance of the event, Little League World Series Baseball 2008.
Damot Pulasa
Damot Pulasa is a district in South Ethiopia, Part of the Wolayita Zone. Damot Pulasa is bordered on the east and south by Damot Gale, on the west by the Boloso Sore, and on the north by the Hadiya Zone. Damot Pulasa was separated from Damo Gale district. The administrative center of the district is Shanto.

Wolayita Zone
Wolayita or Wolaita is an administrative zone in Ethiopia.  Wolayita is bordered on the south by Gamo Zone, on the west by the Omo River which separates it from Dawro, on the northwest by Kembata Zone and Tembaro Special Woreda, on the north by Hadiya, on the northeast by the Oromia Region, on the east by the Bilate River which separates it from Sidama Region, and on the south east by the Lake Abaya which separates it from Oromia Region. The administrative centre of Wolayita is Wolaita Sodo. Other major towns are Areka, Boditi, Tebela, Bale Hawassa, Gesuba, Gununo, Bedessa and Dimtu.

Wolayita has 358 kilometres (222 mi) of all-weather roads and 425 kilometres (264 mi) of dry-weather roads, for an average road density of 187 kilometres per 1000 square kilometres. Its highest point is Mount Damota (2738 meters).
St John's Blackheath
St John's Blackheath (formally known as St John the Evangelist's Church) is an all age Anglican church in the Vanbrugh Park area of Blackheath, part of the Royal Borough of Greenwich in southeast London, England.  Built in the 1850s to the design of architect Arthur Ashpitel, it provided "an important visual and spiritual focus" to a rapidly growing high-class residential area.  The church has an Evangelical character.  There are two services on a Sunday. St John's Blackheath has thriving children's groups and youth groups.

Anglican Diocese of Southwark
The Diocese of Southwark (/ˈsʌðərk/ ⓘ SUDH-ərk) is one of the 42 dioceses of the Church of England, part of the worldwide Anglican Communion. The diocese forms part of the Province of Canterbury in England. It was created on 1 May 1905 from part of the ancient Diocese of Rochester that was served by a suffragan bishop of Southwark from 1891 to 1905. Before 1877, most of the area was part of the ancient Diocese of Winchester, with a small part near the southern end of the London Bridge being part of the ancient Diocese of London.

The cathedral parish is the 13th century, gothic Cathedral and Collegiate Church of St Saviour and St Mary Overie.
Labinsk
Labinsk (Russian: Лаби́нск; Adyghe: Чэтыун, ‌Čʼătəun) is a town in Krasnodar Krai, Russia, located on the Bolshaya Laba River (a tributary of the Kuban) 145 kilometers (90 mi) southeast of Krasnodar and 50 kilometers (31 mi) southwest of Armavir. Population: 57,428 (2021), 59,330 (2020), 62,864 (2010 Census); 61,446 (2002 Census); 57,958 (1989 Soviet census); 53,000 (1972).

Krasnodar
Krasnodar, formerly Yekaterinodar (until 1920), is the largest city and the administrative centre of Krasnodar Krai, Russia. The city stands on the Kuban River in southern Russia, with a population of 1,154,885 residents, and up to 1.263 million residents in the Urban Okrug. In the past decade Krasnodar has experienced rapid population growth, rising to become the tenth-largest city in Russia, and the largest city in southern Russia, as well as the Southern Federal District.

The city originated in 1793 as a fortress built by the Cossacks, and became a trading center for southern Russia. The city sustained heavy damage in World War II but was rebuilt and renovated after the war. Krasnodar is a major economic hub in southern Russia; In 2012, Forbes named Krasnodar the best city for business in Russia. Krasnodar is home to numerous sights, including the Krasnodar Stadium. Its main airport is Krasnodar International Airport.
Muhamad Khalid Jamlus
Muhamad Khalid bin Jamlus (born 23 February 1977) is a Malaysian former footballer. He is a former member of the Malaysian national team and also has played for the Pre-Olympic squad. In 2002, he went on trial with Eintracht Frankfurt. He is widely regarded as one of the best striker of Perak FA and was the club's all-time top goalscorer.

2004 AFF Championship
The 2004 AFF Championship (officially known as the 2004 Tiger Cup for sponsorship reasons) was the 5th edition of the AFF Championship, the football championship of nations affiliated to the ASEAN Football Federation (AFF), and the last time under the name Tiger Cup. This was the first time a new format had been applied, in which the format was still in use until now. The group stage was jointly hosted by Vietnam and Malaysia from 7 to 16 December 2004, and the top two teams from each group advanced to the Semi-finals and the Final, which was played in a two-leg home-and-away format from 28 December 2004 to 16 January 2005. This was also the final AFF Cup to feature a third-place match, as it was removed in the 2007 edition.

Thailand were the two-time defending champions, but were eliminated in Group stage. Singapore won the tournament by a 5–2 victory in the two-legged final against Indonesia to secure their second title.
Mary Jane Veloso drug smuggling case
Mary Jane Fiesta Veloso (born 10 January 1985) is a Filipino domestic worker who was arrested in Indonesia for drug trafficking in 2010 and then sentenced to death after being found guilty at trial. Granted a temporary reprieve in 2015, she remained on death row for almost 10 years afterwards. Throughout her 14 years of incarceration, Veloso vehemently protested her innocence and claimed that she was tricked into smuggling narcotics. In November 2024, the Indonesian government announced that Veloso would be transferred home to the Philippines after an agreement was reached between the two countries on prisoner transfer laws. Veloso was finally released from prison and repatriated to Manila in mid-December 2024. Her case, among others, aroused international attention and widespread scrutiny of Indonesia's capital punishment and drug prohibition laws.

Department of Justice (Philippines)
The Department of Justice (Filipino: Kagawaran ng Katarungan, abbreviated as DOJ) is under the executive department of the Philippine government responsible for upholding the rule of law in the Philippines. It is the government's principal law agency, serving as its legal counsel and prosecution arm. It has its headquarters at the DOJ Building in Padre Faura Street, Ermita, Manila.

The department is led by the Secretary of Justice, nominated by the president of the Philippines and confirmed by the Commission on Appointments. The secretary is a member of the Cabinet. The agency is currently held by its Acting Secretary Usec. Fredderick A. Vida.
Quinto, Aragon
Quinto (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈkinto]) is a town and municipality in the province of Zaragoza, northeast Spain. It is located on the south bank of the river Ebro about 41 km south-east of Zaragoza, capital city of Aragon. In 2017 its population was 1,960 (INE 2017), with an area of 118.40 km². Quinto is the capital of the comarca (county) of Ribera Baja del Ebro.

Velilla de Ebro
Velilla de Ebro is a municipality located in the Zaragoza Province, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2009 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 261 inhabitants.

This town is located close to the Purburell or Pui Burell mountain.