hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Oil for the Lamps of China
Oil for the Lamps of China is a 1933 novel by Alice Tisdale Hobart which became a bestseller in 1934. It was originally published by Bobbs Merrill and reprinted by EastBridge in 2002 (ISBN 1891936085).

The novel describes the life in China of a young executive in an American oil company from the early 1900s through the Nationalist Revolution of the 1920s. The young protagonist, Stephen Chase, is successful in understanding China and building business, but in the turmoil of China's Nationalist Revolution of the 1920s, he is betrayed by the company and by the new China which emerges. Hobart's husband was an executive for the Standard Oil Company.

The novel was the basis of a 1935 film by the same name starring Pat O'Brien.

Pat O'Brien (actor)
William Joseph Patrick O'Brien (November 11, 1899 – October 15, 1983) was an American film actor with more than 100 screen credits. Of Irish descent, he often played Irish and Irish-American characters and was referred to as "Hollywood's Irishman in Residence" in the press. One of the best-known screen actors of the 1930s and 1940s, he played priests, cops, military figures, pilots, and reporters. He is especially well-remembered for his roles in Knute Rockne, All American (1940), Angels with Dirty Faces (1938), and Some Like It Hot (1959). He was frequently paired onscreen with Hollywood star and close friend James Cagney. O'Brien also appeared on stage and television.
Jules Sobrian
Jules Sobrian (born January 22, 1935, in San Fernando, Trinidad and Tobago), is a Canadian medical doctor, competitive marksman and author. He immigrated to Canada at the age of 21 and resides in Omemee, Ontario. Sobrian began shooting competitively at Hart House Revolver Club at the University of Toronto while studying medicine. He has competed for Canada in pistol-shooting events at four Olympic Games, and has won five individual medals in pistol-shooting at three Commonwealth Games and four individual medals in pistol-shooting at three Pan American Games. He won the Championship of the Americas in Free Pistol in 1973.

He was interviewed on the series Still Standing in 2016, where he talked about his role looking for pollution sources in the community. He thwarted a murder attempt by a business owner by tackling the rifle-toting man, hurling him about, and then medically assisting him before taking him to the hospital.

Marksman
A marksman is a person who is skilled in precision shooting. In modern military usage this typically refers to the use of projectile weapons such as an accurized scoped long gun such as designated marksman rifle,  sniper rifle and anti-materiel rifle to shoot at high-value targets at longer-than-usual ranges.

The proficiency in precision shooting is known as a shooter's marksmanship, which can be used to describe both gunnery and archery.
Ochi concert (2015)
The Oxi concert was a concert/Rally held on Friday 3 July 2015 in Syntagma square to support the NO vote in the 2015 Greek bailout referendum. Performers included Thanos Mikroutsikos, Vasilis Papakonstantinou, Alkinoos Ioannidis, Rita Antonopoulou, Afroditi Manou, Sokratis Malamas, Rallia Xristidou, Kostas Thomaidis, Electric Litany, Iro, Eleni Vitali and Chainides. It is estimated that more than 350,000 people attended the concert. It was broadcast live by ERT1.

The Prime minister of Greece Alexis Tsipras made a 10-minute speech.
Many Members of the Greek government and the SYRIZA party like Zoi Konstantopoulou, Nikos Pappas and Yanis Varoufakis attended the concert.

The main slogans were "For the Greece of dignity, For the Europe of democracy" and "We're writing history".

Scenes from the event were included in the documentaries Agora II:Chained and This is a Coup.

Yanis Varoufakis
Ioannis Georgiou "Yanis" Varoufakis (born 24 March 1961) is a Greek economist and politician. Since 2018, he has been Secretary-General of the Democracy in Europe Movement 2025 (DiEM25), a left-wing pan-European political party he co-founded in 2016. Previously, he was a member of Syriza and was Greece's Minister of Finance between January and July 2015, negotiating on behalf of the Greek government during the 2009–2018 Greek government-debt crisis.

Varoufakis was first elected as a Member of the Hellenic Parliament with Syriza, representing the Athens B constituency from January to September 2015. He was appointed Minister of Finance by Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras two days after the election, serving in this role between January and July 2015. Varoufakis then represented Thessaloniki A from July 2019 to May 2023 as a MeRA25 Member of Parliament. Varoufakis is among the co-founders of the Progressive International.
Tropomyosin kinase
In enzymology, a tropomyosin kinase (EC 2.7.11.28) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

ATP + tropomyosin  ADP + O-phosphotropomyosin

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are ATP and tropomyosin, whereas its two products are ADP and O-phosphotropomyosin.

This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring a phosphate group to the sidechain oxygen atom of serine or threonine residues in proteins (protein-serine/threonine kinases). The systematic name of this enzyme class is ATP:tropomyosin O-phosphotransferase. Other names in common use include tropomyosin kinase (phosphorylating), and STK.

Threonine
Threonine (symbol Thr or T) is an amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an α-amino group (which is in the protonated −NH+3 form when dissolved in water), a carboxyl group (which is in the deprotonated −COO− form when dissolved in water), and a side chain containing a hydroxyl group, making it a polar, uncharged amino acid. It is essential in humans, meaning the body cannot synthesize it: it must be obtained from the diet. Threonine is synthesized from aspartate in bacteria such as E. coli. It is encoded by all the codons starting AC (ACU, ACC, ACA, and ACG).

Threonine sidechains are often hydrogen bonded; the most common small motifs formed are based on interactions with serine: ST turns, ST motifs (often at the beginning of alpha helices) and ST staples (usually at the middle of alpha helices).
Andrew Eusebe
Andrew Eusebe (born 5 March 1985) is a West Indian cricketer. Eusebe is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium pace.

In February 2008, the United States Virgin Islands were invited to take part in the 2008 Stanford 20/20, whose matches held official Twenty20 status. Eusebe made two appearances in the tournament, in a preliminary round victory against St Kitts where he took the wicket of Jason Saddler to take figures of 1/30, and in a first-round defeat against Antigua and Barbuda. He wasn't required to bat in either match.

Antigua and Barbuda national cricket team
The Antigua and Barbuda national cricket team represents the country of Antigua and Barbuda in cricket. A cricket team representing Antigua and Barbuda has been active since the late 1890s. The Antigua and Barbuda Cricket Association is a member of the Leeward Islands Cricket Association, which itself is a member association of the West Indies Cricket Board, and players from Antigua and Barbuda generally represent the Leeward Islands cricket team at domestic level and the West Indies at international level. The team made its List A debut at the 1998 Commonwealth Games, and its Twenty20 debut at the 2006 Stanford 20/20 tournament. As of 2015, the team had played 14 List A matches and four Twenty20 matches. The team captain is Sylvester Joseph, while Ridley Jacobs is the team coach.
Ministry of Internal Affairs (Mordovia)
Ministry for Internal Affairs of Mordovia (МВД по Республике Мордовия) or the Police of Mordovia (Полиция Мордовии) is the main law enforcement organization of Mordovia, Russia.

The current Minister is Sergey Kozlov, he attained this position in 2005.

Militsiya
The militsiya was the police force of the Russian SFSR and Soviet Union from 1917 to 1991. The term was likewise used for police forces in several Eastern Bloc countries and in the SFR Yugoslavia from 1945 to 1992.

The term militsiya continues to be used in common and sometimes official usage in some of the individual post-Soviet states, such as Belarus, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan, as well as in the partially recognised or unrecognised republics of Abkhazia, South Ossetia and Transnistria. In Russian law enforcement, the term remained in official usage until the police reform of 2011.
Chinatown station (SEPTA)
Chinatown station is an underground SEPTA Metro subway station in Philadelphia. It is located on the B's B3, and is located at the eastern edge of Philadelphia's Chinatown at 8th and Race Streets. Corresponding to the signage in the Chinatown neighborhood, the station name signs are written in Chinese in addition to English. The station has two side platforms. The station's fare gates are located at street level.

The station opened in 1932 as part of the Ridge–8th Street Subway as Vine.

SEPTA Metro
SEPTA Metro is an urban rail transit network in and around Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, operated by the Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority (SEPTA). The network includes two rapid transit lines, a light rail system with five branches, a streetcar line, a light rail line with two services, and an interurban/light metro line, totaling 78 miles (126 km) of rail service.

Although some of Philadelphia's transit lines date to the 19th century and the SEPTA agency began operations in 1965, the transit network itself had no formal name until 2024, when it was named "SEPTA Metro" as part of an effort to make the system easier to navigate. The effort replaced each line's name with a single letter, plus a number to denote various service patterns.
Boulder Creek Formation
The Boulder Creek Formation is a geologic formation in northeastern British Columbia. It was named for a tributary to Commotion Creek in the Pine Pass area by E.M. Spieker in 1921. At one time considered to be a member of the Commotion Formation, it was elevated to formation status by D.F. Stott in 1982.

The formation was deposited in shallow marine to shoreline environments during the Albian stage of the Early Cretaceous period. It preserves ammonites, plant remains, and other fossils.

Pine Pass
The Pine Pass, in the Hart Ranges of the Northern Rockies of British Columbia, connects the Peace Country of the province's Northeastern Interior. Highway 97 and the Canadian National Railway (CNR) (formerly BC Rail network) traverse this mountain pass, which is the location of the Bijoux Falls Provincial Park, the Pine Le Moray Provincial Park, and the Powder King Mountain Resort at Azouzetta Lake.
Dictionary of the History of Ideas
The Dictionary of the History of Ideas: Studies of Selected Pivotal Ideas is a four-volume reference work on intellectual history published by Charles Scribner's Sons in 1973. Philip P. Wiener was its editor-in-chief. Associate editors included Isaiah Berlin, Salomon Bochner, and Ernest Nagel, It contains more than 300 articles written by 254 contributors, organized into seven categories. Contributors included Berlin, Boas, Herbert Butterfield, Merle Curti, Mircea Eliade, Joan Kelly Gadol, Sidney Hook, Milton Konvitz, Leonard Kreiger, Judith Shklar, Peter N. Stearns, and René Wellek.

An updated edition (the New Dictionary of the History of Ideas), edited by Maryanne Cline Horowitz, was published in 2004. The 2004 edition has 700 articles across six volumes. Scribner made the 1973 edition available for free online after the new edition was published.

Sidney Hook
Sidney Hook (December 20, 1902 – July 12, 1989) was an American philosopher of pragmatism known for his contributions to the philosophy of history, the philosophy of education, political theory, and ethics. After embracing communism in his youth, Hook was later known for his criticisms of totalitarianism, both fascism and Marxism–Leninism. A social democrat, Hook sometimes cooperated with conservatives, particularly in opposing Marxism–Leninism. After World War II, he argued that members of such groups as the Communist Party USA and Leninists like democratic centralists could ethically be barred from holding the offices of public trust because they called for the violent overthrow of democratic governments.
Public demonstrations in Singapore
Public demonstrations in Singapore are generally rare due to laws that make it illegal to hold cause-related events without a valid licence from the authorities. Such laws include the Public Entertainments Act and the Public Order Act. Public demonstrations are nevertheless permitted at the Speakers' Corner, which occurs regularly, most notably Pink Dot SG and the protest against Population White Paper in 2013.

Population White Paper
A Sustainable Population for a Dynamic Singapore: Population White Paper, commonly referred to as the Population White Paper (PWP), was a controversial white paper released by the government of Singapore under the People's Action Party (PAP) in 2013, projecting Singapore's population to reach 6.9 million by 2030.
Johan Norberg
Johan Norberg (Swedish: [ˈjûːan ˈnûːrbærj]; born 1973) is a Swedish author devoted to promoting economic globalization and what he describes as classical liberal positions. He is the author of In Defense of Global Capitalism (2001), Progress: Ten Reasons to Look Forward to the Future (2016), and The Capitalist Manifesto: Why the Global Free Market Will Save the World (2023). Since 15 March 2007, he has been a senior fellow at the Cato Institute, and since January 2017 an executive editor at Free To Choose Media, where he regularly produces documentaries for US public television.

Atlas Network
Atlas Network, formerly known as Atlas Economic Research Foundation, is a non-governmental 501(c)(3) organization based in the United States that provides training, networking, and grants for libertarian, free-market, and conservative groups around the world.

Atlas Network was founded in 1981 by Antony Fisher, a British entrepreneur, who wanted to connect various think tanks via a global network. Described as "a think tank that creates think tanks", the organization partners with nearly 600 organizations in over 100 countries.
Satgram Union
Satgram Union (Bengali: সাতগ্রাম ইউনিয়ন) is a union parishad of Araihazar Upazila in Narayanganj District of the Division of Dhaka, Bangladesh. It has a population of 21,124 men and 20,607 women. The union has a literacy rate of 47.2 per cent.

Dhaka Division
Dhaka Division (Bengali: ঢাকা বিভাগ, romanized: Ḍhaka Bibhag) is an administrative division of Bangladesh. Dhaka serves as the capital city of Dhaka Division, the Dhaka District and Bangladesh. The division remains a population magnet, and covers an area of 20,508.8 km2 with a population in excess of 44 million, it is one of the fastest growing populous administrative divisions of the world, growing at a rate of 1.94% since prior count, compared with the national average of 1.22%. However, national figures may include data skewing expatriation of male labor force as gender ratio is skewed towards females.

Dhaka Division borders every other division in the country except Rangpur Division. It is bounded by Mymensingh Division to the north, Barisal Division to the south, Chittagong Division to the east and south-east, Sylhet Division to the north-east, and Rajshahi Division to the west and Khulna Divisions to the south-west.
Naddah
Naddah (Arabic: ندة) is a village in northern Aleppo Governorate, northwestern Syria. It is located 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) east of Azaz on the Queiq Plain, 40 km (25 mi) north of the city of Aleppo, and 6 km (3.7 mi) south of the border with the Turkish province of Kilis.

The village administratively belongs to Nahiya Azaz in Azaz District. Nearby localities include Nayarah 3 km (1.9 mi) to the northeast, and Yahmul 4 km (2.5 mi) to the east. In the 2004 census, Naddah had a population of 305.

Nayarah
Nayarah (Arabic: نيارة), alternatively spelled Niyarah, is a village in northern Aleppo Governorate, northwestern Syria. It is located at 37.14439 36.43264 on the Queiq Plain, 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) northeast of Azaz, 40 km (25 mi) north of the city of Aleppo, and 4 km (2.5 mi) south of the border with the Turkish province of Kilis.

The village administratively belongs to Nahiya Azaz in Azaz District. Nearby localities include al-Salameh 3 km (1.9 mi) to the west and Tatiyah 1.5 km (0.93 mi) to the north. In the 2004 census, Nayarah had a population of 1,337.

During the Roman Empire  Nayarah/Nijar was a civitas of the Roman Province of Syria, known as Niara.
Sean Wilentz
Robert Sean Wilentz (/wɪˈlɛnts/; born February 20, 1951) is an American historian who serves as the George Henry Davis 1886 Professor of American History at Princeton University, where he has taught since 1979. His primary research interests include U.S. social, civic, and political history in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. He has written several award-winning books and articles, including The Rise of American Democracy: Jefferson to Lincoln, which was awarded the Bancroft Prize and was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize for History.

Pulitzer Prize for History
The Pulitzer Prize for History, administered by Columbia University, is one of the seven American Pulitzer Prizes that are annually awarded for Letters, Drama, and Music. It has been presented since 1917 for a distinguished book about the history of the United States. Thus it is one of the original Pulitzers, for the program was inaugurated in 1917 with seven prizes, four of which were awarded that year. The Pulitzer Prize program has also recognized some historical work with its Biography prize, from 1917, and its General Nonfiction prize, from 1962.

Finalists have been announced since 1980, ordinarily two others beside the winner.
Casalgrande
Casalgrande (Reggiano: Càsalgrând) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Reggio Emilia in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) west of Bologna and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) southeast of Reggio Emilia. As of 8 January 2017, it had a population of 19,215 and an area of 37.7 square kilometres (14.6 mi2).

The municipality of Casalgrande contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Boglioni, Casalgrande Alto, Dinazzano, Salvaterra, San Donnino di Liguria, Sant'Antonino, Veggia and Villalunga.

Casalgrande borders the following municipalities: Castellarano, Formigine, Modena, Reggio Emilia, Rubiera, Sassuolo, Scandiano.

Emilian language
Emilian (Reggiano, Parmesan and Modenese: emigliân; Bolognese: emigliàn; Piacentino: emigliän; Italian: emiliano) is a Gallo-Italic unstandardised language spoken in the historical region of Emilia, which is now in the western part of Emilia-Romagna.

Emilian has a default word order of subject–verb–object and both grammatical gender (masculine and feminine) and grammatical number (singular and plural). There is a strong T–V distinction, which distinguishes varying levels of politeness, social distance, courtesy, familiarity or insult. The alphabet, largely adapted from the Italian (Tuscan) one, uses a considerable number of diacritics.
POCLAD
The Program on Corporations, Law, and Democracy (POCLAD) is an activist collective of 11 members (with three leaving, making 14.), who research the history of corporations in the United States. They are some of the main circulators of the notion that corporate personhood—which gives corporations some of the same legal rights as real human beings—is at the center of the problems regarding corporations.  They also publish a newsletter three times a year called By What Authority (ISSN 1524-1106) English for quo warranto, a legal phrase that questions illegitimate exercise of privilege and power, which they claim reflects an unabashed assertion of the right of the sovereign people to govern themselves.

Corporate personhood
Corporate personhood or juridical personality is the legal notion that a juridical person such as a corporation, separately from its associated human beings (like owners, managers, or employees), has at least some of the legal rights and responsibilities enjoyed by natural persons.  In most countries, a corporation has the same rights as a natural person to hold property, enter into contracts, and to sue or be sued.
Charlie Papazian
Charles N. Papazian (born January 23 c. 1949) is an American nuclear engineer, brewer and author. He founded the Association of Brewers and the Great American Beer Festival, and wrote The Complete Joy of Home Brewing (1984). He is the longtime former president (1979–2016) of the Brewers Association. He is also the creator of the National Pie Day, a celebration of pies which is celebrated on January 23, Papazian's birthday.

Nuclear engineering
Nuclear engineering is the engineering discipline concerned with designing and applying systems that utilize the energy released by nuclear processes.
The most prominent application of nuclear engineering is the generation of electricity. Worldwide, some 439 nuclear reactors in 31 countries generate 10 percent of the world's energy through nuclear fission. In the future, it is expected that nuclear fusion will add another nuclear means of generating energy. Both reactions make use of the nuclear binding energy released when atomic nucleons are either separated (fission) or brought together (fusion). The energy available is given by the binding energy curve, and the amount generated is much greater than that generated through chemical reactions. Fission of 1 gram of uranium yields as much energy as burning 3 tons of coal or 600 gallons of fuel oil, without adding carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.
Krisztina Pigniczki
Krisztina Pigniczki (born 18 September 1975) is a Hungarian former handball player and Olympic medalist. She received a silver medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, and a silver medal at the 2003 World Women's Handball Championship in Croatia. She became European champion in 2000 with the Hungarian national team, and received a bronze medal in 1998 and in 2004.

2003 World Women's Handball Championship
The 2003 World Women's Handball Championship, the 16th handball world championship for women, was played in Croatia between 2 and 14 December 2003.

France won their first ever title, beating Hungary in the final.
Jeff Walker (musician)
Jeffrey Walker (born 25 March 1969) is an English musician, best known as the bassist and lead vocalist of extreme metal band Carcass, for which he also serves as the primary lyricist. Before Carcass, he played in English thrashcore band Electro Hippies as guitarist and vocalist. After the initial demise of Carcass, he went on to form hard rock band Blackstar with two former Carcass bandmates, and joined American grindcore supergroup, Brujeria. Loudwire placed him at number 22 on their list of Top 25 Extreme Metal Vocalists.

Extreme metal
Extreme metal is a loosely defined umbrella term for a number of related heavy metal music subgenres that have developed since the early 1980s. It has been defined as a "cluster of metal subgenres characterized by sonic, verbal, and visual transgression", and refers to metal that is harsher, heavier, more aggressive and less commercialized than other subgenres. Extreme metal is generally underground music that values authenticity and strives to remain outside the mainstream. The term usually includes thrash metal, death metal, black metal and doom metal. Some definitions do not recognise doom metal, or consider that only some of its subgenres are extreme. Most extreme metal styles have very fast tempos and originally took inspiration from hardcore punk.