hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thomas du Toit
Thomas Joubert du Toit (born 5 May 1995) is a South African professional rugby union player for the South Africa national team and Prem Rugby club Bath. His regular position is prop. His nickname is The Tank.

Munster Rugby
Munster Rugby (Irish: Rugbaí Mumhan) is one of the professional provincial rugby teams from the island of Ireland. They compete in the United Rugby Championship and the European Rugby Champions Cup. The team represents the IRFU's Munster Branch, which is responsible for rugby union throughout the Irish province of Munster. The team motto is "To the brave and faithful, nothing is impossible." This is derived from the motto of the MacCarthy clan – "Forti et Fideli nihil difficile". Their main home ground is Thomond Park, Limerick, though some games are played at Musgrave Park, Cork.
Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching
The Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching (ASWPL) was a women's organization founded by Jessie Daniel Ames in Atlanta, Georgia in November 1930, to lobby and campaign against the lynching of African Americans. The group was made up of middle and upper-class white women. While active, the group had "a presence in every county in the South" of the United States. It was loosely organized and only accepted white women as members because they "believed that only white women could influence other white women." Many of the women involved were also members of missionary societies. Along with the Commission on Interracial Cooperation (CIC), the ASWPL had an important effect on popular opinion among whites relating to lynching.

Commission on Interracial Cooperation
The Commission on Interracial Cooperation (1918–1944) was an organization founded in Atlanta, Georgia, December 18, 1918, and officially incorporated in 1929. Will W. Alexander, pastor of a local white Methodist church, was head of the organization. It was formed in the aftermath of violent race riots that occurred in 1917 in several southern cities. In 1944, it merged with the Southern Regional Council.
Velocity of money
The velocity of money measures the number of times that one unit of currency is used to purchase goods and services within a given time period. In other words, it represents how many times per period money is changing hands, or is circulating to other owners in return for valuable goods and services. The concept relates the size of economic activity to a given money supply.  The speed of money exchange is one of the variables that determine inflation. The measure of the velocity of money is usually the ratio of a country's or an economy's nominal gross national product (GNP) to its money supply.

If the velocity of money is increasing, then transactions are occurring between individuals more frequently. The velocity of money changes over time and is influenced by a variety of factors.

Because of the nature of financial transactions, the velocity of money cannot be determined empirically.

Gross national income
Gross national income (GNI), formerly known as gross national product (GNP), is the total amount of factor incomes earned by the residents of a country. It is equal to gross domestic product (GDP), plus factor incomes received from non-residents by residents, minus factor income paid by residents to non-residents.: 44

In contrast to GDP, GNI is not a concept of value added, but a concept of income. GNI is the basis of calculation of the largest part of contributions to the Budget of the European Union.  In February 2017, Ireland's GDP became so distorted from the base erosion and profit shifting ("BEPS") tax planning tools of U.S. multinationals, that the Central Bank of Ireland replaced Irish GDP with a new metric, Irish Modified GNI (or "GNI*").  In 2017, Irish GDP was 127% of Irish GNI and 162% of Irish Modified GNI.

GNI contrast with net national income : NNI = GNI - Depreciation

The Atlas method can be applied to correct for fluctuating exchange rates.
Fort Lauderdale Tarpons
The Fort Lauderdale Tarpons were a minor league baseball team that played in the Florida State League in 1928 and in the Florida East Coast League from 1940 to 1942. They were located in Fort Lauderdale, Florida.

Florida East Coast League
The Florida East Coast League was the name of two American minor league baseball circuits based on the Atlantic coast of Florida. The first edition of the league operated as a Class D level league from 1940 to 1942. The league reformed for the 1972 season as a Rookie level league before folding.
Wuzhong, Ningxia
Wuzhong (simplified Chinese: 吴忠; traditional Chinese: 吳忠; pinyin: Wúzhōng; Xiao'erjing: وُجْو شِ) is a prefecture-level city in the Ningxia autonomous region of the People's Republic of China. It was known as Yinnan Prefecture (银南地区; 銀南地區; Yínnán Dìqū; Xiao'erjing: ءٍنًا دِٿِيُوِ) before it was upgraded to a prefecture-level city in 1998. Wuzhong is located in the Northwest of China, with the Yellow River flowing through the center of the city.In 2019, Wuzhong had a population of 1.4 million. By the end of 2024, the resident population of the city was 1,415,300, an increase of 12,600 over the end of the previous year, including 833,100 residents in urban areas.

Xiao'erjing
Xiao'erjing, Xiaorjing, Xiaojing or Benjing, is a Perso-Arabic script used to write Sinitic languages, including Lanyin Mandarin, Zhongyuan Mandarin, Northeastern Mandarin, and Dungan. It is used on occasion by many ethnic minorities who adhere to Islam in China—mostly the Hui, but also the Dongxiang and the Salar—and formerly by their Dungan descendants in Central Asia. Orthographic reforms introduced the Latin script and later the Cyrillic script to the Dungan language, which continue to be used today.

Xiao'erjing is written from right to left, like other Perso-Arabic writing systems.

Xiao'erjing is unusual among Arabic script-based writing systems in that all vowels, long and short, are explicitly notated with diacritics, making it an abugida. Some other Arabic-based writing systems in China, such as the Uyghur Arabic alphabet, use letters and not diacritics to mark short vowels.
Quick Response Engine
Quick Response Engine was a planning and scheduling program developed for the OS/400 platform. The program was developed by the Acacia Technologies division of Computer Associates in 1996. In 2002 the group was sold to SSA Global Technologies.

IBM i
IBM i, the i standing for integrated, is an operating system developed by IBM for IBM Power Systems. It was originally released in 1988 as OS/400, as the sole operating system of the IBM AS/400 line of systems. It was renamed to i5/OS in 2004, before being renamed a second time to IBM i in 2008. It is an evolution of the System/38 CPF operating system, with compatibility layers for System/36 SSP and AIX applications. It inherits a number of distinctive features from the System/38 platform, including the Machine Interface which provides hardware independence, the implementation of object-based addressing on top of a single-level store, and the tight integration of a relational database into the operating system.
Phillip Burton Federal Building
The Phillip Burton Federal Building & United States Courthouse is a massive 21-floor, 312 feet (95 m) federal office building located at 450 Golden Gate Avenue near San Francisco's Civic Center and the San Francisco City Hall. The building occupies an entire city block, bounded by Golden Gate Avenue at the south, Turk Street at the north, Polk Street at the west, and Larkin Street at the east.

Designed by the local architectural firm of John Carl Warnecke and Associates in the International Style, construction was completed in 1964.

It serves as one of four courthouses for the United States District Court for the Northern District of California. The building was finished in 1964, one of the earliest office towers for San Francisco. It is named for former U.S. Representative Phillip Burton.

United States Probation and Pretrial Services System
The United States Probation and Pretrial Services System, part of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts, is the probation office of the federal judiciary of the United States. It serves the United States district courts in all 94 federal judicial districts nationwide and constitutes the community corrections arm of the Federal Judiciary. It administers probation and supervised release under United States federal law enforced by probation officers.
2022 Washington, D.C., mayoral election
On November 8, 2022, Washington, D.C. held an election for its mayor. Incumbent Democrat Muriel Bowser was elected to a third term in a landslide. The Republican nominee, Stacia Hall, received 2,368 votes in the primary, and independent candidate Rodney "Red" Grant garnered 4,700 signatures to gain ballot access. Both appeared on the general election ballot, along with Libertarian Party candidate Dennis Sobin. D.C. Statehood Green Party nominee Corren Brown did not appear on the general election ballot.

UNITE HERE
UNITE HERE is a labor union in the United States and Canada with roughly 300,000 active members. The union's members work predominantly in the hotel, food service, laundry, warehouse, and casino gaming industries. The union was formed in 2004 by the merger of Union of Needletrades, Industrial, and Textile Employees (UNITE), and Hotel Employees and Restaurant Employees Union (HERE).

In 2005, UNITE HERE withdrew from the AFL–CIO and joined the Change to Win Federation, along with several other unions, including the Teamsters, Service Employees International Union (SEIU) and the UFCW. In May 2009, union president Bruce Raynor (originally from UNITE) left UNITE HERE, taking with him numerous local unions and between 105,000 and 150,000 members, mostly garment workers and a labor-owned bank, Amalgamated Bank. They formed a new SEIU affiliate called Workers United.

On September 17, 2009, UNITE HERE announced that it would re-affiliate with the AFL–CIO.
Dan Gosling
Daniel Gosling (born 1 February 1990) is an English professional football coach and player who plays as a midfielder for Mid-Sussex League club Westfield. He is currently head coach of Watford's Under-18s.

Gosling is a versatile player, having been deployed as a box-to-box midfielder on several occasions and occasionally deputised at right-back to accommodate substitutions. He previously played for Plymouth Argyle, Everton, Newcastle United, Notts County, AFC Bournemouth, and Watford.

2009 UEFA European Under-19 Championship
The UEFA European Under-19 Championship 2009 Final Tournament was held in Ukraine in the cities of Donetsk and Mariupol. Players born after 1 January 1990 were eligible to participate in this competition.
1993–94 WFA National League Cup
The 1993–94 WFA National League Cup was a football competition in England organised by the Women's Football Alliance and the Football Association Committee for Women's Football. It was the third edition of the Women's National League Cup, and included teams from the 1993–94 WFA National League Premier Division and level 2 divisions.

The Cup was established in 1991–92, along with the National League, by the Women's Football Association. The National League competitions were renamed the following season as the FA Women's Premier League, from 1994 to 1995 until 2018.

The 1993–94 trophy was won for the third consecutive time by Arsenal. In the 1994 final, they won 4–0 against Doncaster Belles. Doncaster were the 1993–94 season's Premier Division champions and had won the 1994 FA Women's Cup Final.

1991–92 WFA National League Cup
The 1991–92 WFA National League Cup was a football competition in England organised by the Women's Football Association (WFA). It was the first edition of the Women's National League Cup, now run by the Football Association (renamed the Women's Premier League Cup from 1994 to 2018).

The Cup included top-flight clubs from the 1991–92 WFA National League Premier Division but was won by a second-tier club, Arsenal, from the Southern Division.

Arsenal became the first English women's League Cup winners, the team's first major trophy. The final was held at Alt Park, Knowsley, on 24 May 1992. Arsenal defeated Millwall Lionesses 1–0, with a 28th-minute goal by Naz Ball.
Heaven is high and the emperor is far away
Heaven is high and the emperor is far away is a Chinese proverb thought to have originated from Zhejiang during the Yuan dynasty. Both historically and in contemporary China, the proverb has a variety of uses, for example: (1) in reference to local government autonomy, (2) in reference to corruption of local officials or lawlessness, or (3) in reference to minor offenses committed outside the oversight of authorities.

Chinese proverbs
Many Chinese proverbs (yànyǔ 諺語) exist, some of which have entered English in forms that are of varying degrees of faithfulness. A notable example is "A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step", from the Dao De Jing, ascribed to Laozi. They cover all aspects of life, and are widely used in everyday speech, in contrast to the decline of the use of proverbs in Western cultures. The majority are distinct from high literary forms such as xiehouyu and chengyu, and are common sayings of usually anonymous authorship, originating through "little tradition" rather than "great tradition".
Aspergillus rhizopodus
Aspergillus rhizopodus is a species of fungus in the genus Aspergillus. It is from the Clavati section. The species was first described in 1975. A. rhizopodus has been reported to produce pseurotins, dehydrocarolic acid, tryptoquivalines, tryptoquivalones, kotanins, and cytochalasins.

Aspergillus
Aspergillus (/ˌæspərˈdʒɪləs/) is a genus consisting of several hundred mold species found in various climates worldwide.

Aspergillus was first catalogued in 1729 by the Italian priest and biologist Pier Antonio Micheli. Viewing the fungi under a microscope, Micheli was reminded of the shape of an aspergillum (holy water sprinkler), from Latin spargere (to sprinkle), and named the genus accordingly. Aspergillum is an asexual spore-forming structure common to all Aspergillus species; around one-third of species are also known to have a sexual stage. While some species of Aspergillus are known to cause fungal infections, others are of commercial importance.
2019 FIBA Under-16 Americas Championship
The 2019 FIBA Under-16 Americas Championship was the men's international basketball competition that was held in Belém, Brazil from 3 to 9 June 2019. The top four teams qualified for the 2020 FIBA Under-17 Basketball World Cup in Bulgaria.

FIBA Under-16 AmeriCup
The FIBA U16 AmeriCup, previously known as the FIBA Under-16 Americas Championship, is the Americas basketball championship for men's under-16 national teams that takes place every two years in the FIBA Americas zone. The inaugural edition of this event was held in 2009.

The top four finishers qualify for the FIBA Under-17 Basketball World Cup.
Specialist Operations (New South Wales)
The Specialist Operations was a Command within the New South Wales Police Force (NSW Police Force) that was responsible for a range of specialist groups of the police force. The division was headed by the deputy commissioner of the NSW Police, whose position was occupied by Nick Kaldas prior to his retirement.

The Command was replaced by the Investigations & Counter Terrorism Command which overseas a number of specialist units and Commands headed by a Deputy Commissioner.

Various units and groups as listed below have since been moved to other Commands such as Specialist Support Command and Corporate Services Command.

State Protection Group
The State Protection Group (SPG) is part of the Counter Terrorism & Special Tactics Command of the New South Wales Police Force and was established in 1991 to deal with extraordinary policing responses. The SPG directly supports police in high-risk incidents such as sieges with specialised tactical, negotiation, intelligence and command-support services. The unit also provides rescue and bomb disposal support, canine policing, and armoury services.
Camden Fairview High School
Camden Fairview High School is a secondary school located in Camden, Arkansas, United States. The school is a part of the Camden Fairview School District. The school houses grades 9 through 12. With an approximate enrollment of more than 750, the school is the largest in Camden. The current principal is Mack Skelton.

It serves several communities, including Camden, Chidester, and Stephens, as well as a portion of Reader.

Arkansas Department of Education
The Arkansas Department of Education (ADE) is a cabinet-level agency of the Arkansas state government overseeing public education for K-12, higher education institutions, and career and technical education.

The ADE also contains the Arkansas State Library, the Arkansas School for the Deaf, Arkansas School for the Blind and Visually Impaired, and the Arkansas Martin Luther King, Jr. Commission.
Los Montesinos
Los Montesinos is a municipality located in the south of the province of Alicante in the comarca of Vega Baja del Segura, Valencian Community, Spain. It has a population of 5,682 inhabitants (INE 2024). It is a Spanish-speaking municipality, in which Spanish has legally recognized linguistic predominance.

Vega Baja del Segura
Vega Baja del Segura (Spanish: [ˈbeɣa ˈβaxa ðel seˈɣuɾa]; Valencian: Baix Segura [ˈbajʃ seˈɣuɾa]), simply known locally and regionally as Vega Baja (in Spanish), is a comarca in the province of Alicante, Valencian Community, Spain. The region is only Spanish-speaking, except Guardamar del Segura where Valencian is the traditional local language.

To the north its neighbouring comarcas are the Baix Vinalopó and Vinalopó Mitjà. Its southern limits are also those of the Valencian Community as it meets a different autonomous community, the Region of Murcia.
Caldalkalibacillus uzonensis
Caldalkalibacillus uzonensis is a thermophilic, alkalitolerant, aerobic, heterotrophic spore-forming bacterium from the genus of Caldalkalibacillus which has been isolated from the hot spring Zarvarzin II from the East Thermal Field in Uzon Caldera in Russia.

Caldalkalibacillus
Caldalkalibacillus  is an aerobic and spore-forming genus of bacteria from the family Bacillaceae the stains either Gram-positive or Gram-variable. The type species of this genus is Caldalkalibacillus thermarum.

Caldalkalibacillus mannanilyticus was previously a species belonging to Bacillus, a genus that has been recognized as displaying extensive polyphyly and has been restricted by recent phylogenetic studies to only include species closely related to Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus.

The name Caldalkalibacillus is derived from the prefix "-caldalkali" (from the Latin adjective caldus, which translates to "hot" and the Latin noun alkali), and the suffix "-bacillus" (from the Latin noun bacillus, referring to a small rod). Together, Caldalkalibacillus translates to bacillus living under hot and alkaline conditions).
Riddle Peaks
Riddle Peaks, also known as Riddle Peak, is an 8,212-foot (2,503-metre) mountain summit located at the head of Riddle Creek in the North Cascades, in Chelan County of Washington state. Riddle Peak is situated on the Glacier Peak Wilderness boundary, six miles west of Lake Chelan, and 2.5 mi (4.0 km) northeast of Holden, on land managed by the Wenatchee National Forest. The nearest higher neighbor is Flora Mountain, 2.25 miles (3.62 km) to the northeast, and Martin Peak lies 3.7 miles (6.0 km) to the west-northwest. Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains into Lake Chelan via Railroad Creek, Riddle Creek, and Devore Creek. Topographic relief is significant since the southern aspect of the mountain rises 5,000 feet above the Railroad Creek valley in approximately 2 mi (3.2 km). The first ascent of the peak was made September 11, 1940, by Everett and Ida Zacher Darr, Joe Leuthold, and Eldon Metzger via an easy ridge from Tenmile Pass.

Flora Mountain
Flora Mountain is a mountain summit in Washington in the Cascade Range in Washington state near the shores of Lake Chelan and 24 miles (39 km) south of the Canada–US border in the Glacier Peak Wilderness.

It has been described as a "desolate pile of loose gneiss."
Central polynomial
In algebra, a central polynomial for n-by-n matrices is a polynomial in non-commuting variables that is non-constant but yields a scalar matrix whenever it is evaluated at n-by-n matrices. That such polynomials exist for any square matrices was discovered in 1970 independently by Formanek and Razmyslov. The term "central" is because the evaluation of a central polynomial has the image lying in the center of the matrix ring over any commutative ring. The notion has an application to the theory of polynomial identity rings.

Example:  is a central polynomial for 2-by-2-matrices. Indeed, by the Cayley–Hamilton theorem, one has that  for any 2-by-2-matrices x and y.

Center (ring theory)
In algebra, the center of a ring R is the subring consisting of the elements x such that xy = yx for all elements y in R. It is a commutative ring and is denoted as Z(R); 'Z' stands for the German word Zentrum, meaning "center".

If R is a ring, then R is an associative algebra over its center. Conversely, if R is an associative algebra over a commutative subring S, then S is a subring of the center of R, and if S happens to be the center of R, then the algebra R is called a central algebra.
Dorothy Maud Wrinch
Dorothy Maud Wrinch (12 September 1894 – 11 February 1976; married names Nicholson, Glaser) was a mathematician and biochemical theorist best known for her attempt to deduce protein structure using mathematical principles. She was a champion of the controversial 'cyclol' hypothesis for the structure of proteins.

Harold Jeffreys
Sir Harold Jeffreys, FRS (22 April 1891 – 18 March 1989) was a British geophysicist who made significant contributions to mathematics and statistics. His book, Theory of Probability, which was first published in 1939, played an important role in the revival of the objective Bayesian view of probability.
1990 BMW Open
The 1990 BMW Open was an Association of Tennis Professionals men's tennis tournament held on outdoor clay courts in Munich, West Germany. The tournament was held from 30 April to 7 May 1990. Unseeded Karel Nováček won the singles title.

Bavarian International Tennis Championships
The Bavarian International Tennis Championships (German: Internationale Tennis-Meisterschaften von Bayern), known since 1990 by its sponsored name BMW Open, is a men's tennis tournament held at the MTTC Iphitos in Munich, Germany. The tournament is played on outdoor clay courts as part of the ATP Tour calendar. In 2025, it was upgraded to an ATP 500 level event.
Founded in 1899 as a combined men's and women's event, it is also known as the  Bavarian Open.
Salim Tuama
Salim Tuama  (Arabic: سليم طعمه, Hebrew: סלים טועמה; born August 9, 1979) is an Israeli footballer who plays as a midfielder for Maccabi Sha'arayim. His former clubs include Hapoel Tel Aviv, Standard Liège, Maccabi Petah Tikva, Kayserispor, AEL, Hapoel Bnei Lod and the youth club Gadna Tel Aviv Yehuda.

An Arab citizen of Israel of Greek Orthodox descent, he has 13 caps for the Israel national team.

Toto Cup
The  Israel Toto Cup (Hebrew: גביע הטוטו, Gvia Ha'Toto) is an association football tournament that features clubs in the two highest divisions in Israel: the Israeli Premier League a.k.a. Ligat Ha'Al; and the Israeli 2nd division Liga Leumit. Both of these leagues are featured separately for the Israel Toto Cup –  at a distinct seasonal tournament for each of these two. They are simply referred to as Toto Cup Al and Toto Cup Leumit, in many global media outlets.

From 1999 to 2009, the tournament was also open to clubs from the third division, until the cancellation of Liga Artzit.

The Toto Cup is the third most important competition in Israeli football after the Israeli Premier League and the Israeli State Cup. As it isn't highly regarded, Israeli clubs use the games to rotate their squad and give fringe players and youth players a chance. However, the Israeli Sports Betting Council pays 1.25 million NIS to the winners, while the runners-up receive 950,000 NIS.