hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kamjong district
Kamjong district (Meitei pronunciation: /kām-jōng/) is one of the 16 districts of Manipur, India. It was created in 2016 from the Ukhrul district, prior to which it was a subdivision of the latter.

The district headquarters is located at Kamjong. It shares a long international border with Myanmar. The district is bounded by Myanmar in the east, Kangpokpi district in the West, Ukhrul district in the north and Tengnoupal district in the south. The terrain of the district is hilly with varying heights of 913 m to 3114 m (MSL). The district headquarter is linked with state highway of 120 Km from Imphal.

Tengnoupal district
Tengnoupal district :/teŋ-nə́u-pəl/) is a district in Manipur, India. It is a district which was created in December 2016 by splitting the Chandel district.

The district headquarters have been relocated to Tengnoupal (24°19′41″N 93°59′10″E﻿ / ﻿24.328°N 93.986°E﻿ / 24.328; 93.986). In the 1960s and 1970s, Tengnoupal was the District Headquarters, and it was shifted to Chandel in 1974. Tengnoupal district is geographically strategic for the installation of many Government infrastructures.
Miss Supranational 2018
Miss Supranational 2018 was the tenth Miss Supranational pageant, held at the MOSIR Arena in Krynica-Zdrój, Poland, on December 7, 2018.

Jenny Kim of South Korea crowned Valeria Vázquez of Puerto Rico as her successor at the end of the event.

Miss and Mister Supranational
Miss Supranational is an annual international beauty pageant, started in 2009, and with most contests held in Poland. A parallel male contest, Mister Supranational, was launched in 2016, also in Poland.

The current organizers of Miss and Mister Supranational are World Beauty Association S.A. and Nowa Scena.

The current pageant title holders are Eduarda Braum of Brazil and Swann Lavigne of France,  who were elected on June 27 and June 28, 2025, separately, in Nowy Sącz.
Cape Town Castle (House of Assembly of South Africa constituency)
Cape Town Castle (Afrikaans: Kaapstad-Kasteel), known as Cape Town Hanover Street (Kaapstad-Hanoverstraat) in 1924, was a constituency in the Cape Province of South Africa, which existed from 1910 to 1958. Named after the Castle of Good Hope, it covered an area north of Table Mountain and east of the Cape Town CBD. Throughout its existence it elected one member to the House of Assembly and one to the Cape Provincial Council.

House of Assembly (South Africa)
The House of Assembly (known in Afrikaans as the Volksraad, or "People's Council") was the lower house of the Parliament of South Africa from 1910 to 1981, the sole parliamentary chamber between 1981 and 1984, and latterly the white representative house of the Tricameral Parliament from 1984 to 1994, when it was replaced by the current National Assembly. Throughout its history, it was composed exclusively of white members who were elected to office predominantly by white citizens, though until 1960 and 1970, respectively, some Black Africans and Coloureds in the Cape Province voted under a restricted form of suffrage.

The old House of Assembly chamber was severely damaged in a fire in January 2022.
History of variational principles in physics
In physics, a variational principle is an alternative method for determining the state or dynamics of a physical system, by identifying it as an extremum (minimum, maximum or saddle point) of a function or functional. Variational methods are exploited in many modern software applications to simulate matter and light.

Since the development of analytical mechanics in the 18th century, the fundamental equations of physics have usually been established in terms of action principles, where the variational principle is applied to the action of a system in order to recover the fundamental equation of motion.

This article describes the historical development of such action principles and other variational methods applied in physics. See History of physics for an overview and Outline of the history of physics for related histories.

Virtual work
In mechanics, virtual work arises in the application of the principle of least action to the study of forces and movement of a mechanical system.  The work of a force acting on a particle as it moves along a displacement is different for different displacements.  Among all the possible displacements that a particle may follow, called virtual displacements, one will minimize the action. This displacement is therefore the displacement followed by the particle according to the principle of least action.

The work of a force on a particle along a virtual displacement is known as the virtual work.

Historically, virtual work and the associated calculus of variations were formulated to analyze systems of rigid bodies, but they have also been developed for the study of the mechanics of deformable bodies.
Chandika Sthan
Chandika Sthan is a Hindu temple situated in Munger, in the India state of Bihar. It is one of the fifty-one Shakti Peethas, places of worship consecrated to the goddess Shakti. On the Northeast corner of Munger, Chandika Sthan is just two kilometers away from the Munger town. Being a Siddhi-Peetha, Chandika Sthan is considered to be one of the most sacred and sanctified temples, as important as the Kamakshya temple near Guwahati. Sati's left eye fell here and it is believed that those who worship here get rid of eye pain. It is one of the major Hindu pilgrimage centre in Ang Pradesh region of Bihar.

Chandi
Chandi (Sanskrit: चण्डी, IAST: Caṇḍī) or Chandika (IAST: Caṇḍika) is a Hindu deity. Chandika is a form of goddess Durga. She shares similarities with the Goddess Chamunda, not only in name but also in attributes and iconography. Due to these similarities, some consider them to be the same deity, while others view them as different manifestations of Mahadevi. Both are often associated with other powerful goddesses like Durga, Katyayani, Kali and Kalaratri. The Goddess is particularly revered in Gujarat.
Greater white-toothed shrew
The greater white-toothed shrew (Crocidura russula) is a small insectivorous mammal found in Europe and North Africa.

It is the most common of the white-toothed shrews. This species is found along the Mediterranean, Netherlands, Belgium, Ireland, Germany and Portugal; in addition, the Osorio shrew of the Canary island of Gran Canaria, originally described as a separate species (Crocidura osorio), was later discovered to be a population of introduced greater white-toothed shrew. Furthermore, a subspecies of the greater white-toothed shrew, Crocidura russula ibicensis, is found on the Mediterranean island of Ibiza. In April 2008, the greater white-toothed shrew was discovered in Ireland as well, and in 2021 in England, discovered by a cat named Jeff.  Its preferred habitats are grassland and woodland. It is slightly larger than the lesser white-toothed shrew but otherwise very similar and can often be distinguished only by close inspection of its teeth which are unpigmented.

Carnivore
A carnivore /ˈkɑːrnɪvɔːr/, or meat-eater (Latin, caro, genitive carnis, meaning meat or flesh and vorare meaning "to devour"), is an animal or plant whose nutrition and energy requirements are met by consumption of animal tissues (mainly muscle, fat and other soft tissues) as food, whether through predation or scavenging.
1978 Nice International Open
The 1978 Nice International Open, also known by its sponsored name Montano-Snauwaert International Championships,  was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Nice Lawn Tennis Club in Nice, France, and was part of the 1978 Colgate-Palmolive Grand Prix. It was the seventh edition of the tournament and was held from 17 April until 23 April 1978. First-seeded José Higueras won the title.

Open de Nice Côte d'Azur
The Nice French Riviera Open (or Open de Nice Côte d'Azur in French) was an ATP World Tour 250 series and, formerly, Grand Prix tennis circuit affiliated men's tennis tournament. This tournament was originally founded in 1925 as a combined event called the City of Nice Championships  and remained as a combined event until 1971 and 1976 to 1978. Also known as the Nice International Championships. It was held in Nice, France at the Nice Lawn Tennis Club and played on outdoor clay courts. The last singles champion is Dominic Thiem from Austria.
Lithuanian Siberian Battalion
The Lithuanian Siberian Battalion (Lithuanian: Lietuvių Sibiro batalionas) or the Siberian Lithuanian Battalion of Vytautas the Great (Lithuanian: Vytauto Didžiojo Sibiro lietuvių batalionas) was a Lithuanian military unit established in August 1918 during the Russian Civil War as the 7th Company of the 1st Polish Rifle Regiment, which later grew into the Lithuanian battalion. The unit was named after Vytautas the Great.

Vytautas the Great
Vytautas the Great (/vɪˈtaʊtəs/; c. 1350 – 27 October 1430) was a ruler of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, first as regent for his cousin Jogaila (1392–1401) and then as the Grand Duke alongside him (1401–1430). He was also the prince of Grodno (1370–1382) and the prince of Lutsk (1387–1389), as well claimant to the titles of King of the Hussites and King of Lithuania.

In modern Lithuania, Vytautas is revered as a national hero and was an important figure in the national rebirth in the 19th century. Vytautas is a popular male given name in Lithuania. In commemoration of the 500-year anniversary of his death, Vytautas Magnus University was named after him. Monuments in his honour were built in many towns in independent Lithuania during the interwar period from 1918 to 1939. Vytautas knew and spoke the Lithuanian language with his cousin Jogaila.
Mariani Junction railway station
Mariani Junction Railway Station is the major railway junction of Jorhat district in the Indian state of Assam on the Lumding–Dibrugarh section. It serves Jorhat city, Mariani and its surrounding area as well. The railway station is located at a distance of 18 km (11 mi) from Jorhat city.

New Construction: EMD Diesel Locomotive Shed for 50 locomotives.

Zonal Number (for its Trains) = 159XX

Dibrugarh Rajdhani Express
The Dibrugarh–New Delhi Rajdhani Express is a group of Rajdhani-class express train services operated by Indian Railways, connecting New Delhi Railway Station (NDLS) in the National Capital Territory of Delhi with Dibrugarh Railway Station (DBRG) in the Indian state of Assam. The service provides one of the fastest and most prestigious rail links between the northeastern region of India and the national capital.

The train operates under three different pairs of train numbers, each running via distinct routes to improve connectivity across multiple states and to manage traffic demand along the long-distance corridor. All services are fully air-conditioned and include onboard catering as per Rajdhani Express standards.
1996 Erbil massacre
The 1996 Erbil massacre happened during raids on the Iraqi Turkmen Front in Erbil by the Iraqi Armed Forces, and the killing of 48 people and 700 opponents of Saddam regime and the arrest of 38, on August 31, 1996.

Kurdistan Democratic Party
The Kurdistan Democratic Party (Kurdish: پارتی دیموکراتی کوردستان, romanized: Partiya Demokrat a Kurdistanê), usually abbreviated as KDP or PDK, is the ruling party in Iraqi Kurdistan and the senior partner in the Kurdistan Regional Government. It was founded in 1946 in Mahabad in Iranian Kurdistan. The party states that it combines "democratic values and social justice to form a system whereby everyone in Kurdistan can live on an equal basis with great emphasis given to rights of individuals and freedom of expression."

The KDP is dominated by the Barzani tribe and the party's stated ideologies are conservatism, secularism, and Kurdish nationalism.
Wörgl Hauptbahnhof
Wörgl Hauptbahnhof is the main railway station of Wörgl, a city in the Kufstein district of the Austrian federal state of Tyrol, about 20 km from the state border with Bavaria. It is a major hub for regional and international rail travel, both passenger and freight.

Kufstein District
The Bezirk Kufstein is an administrative district (bezirk) in Tyrol, Austria. It borders Bavaria (Germany) in the north, the Kitzbühel district in the southeast, and the Schwaz district in the southwest.

The district has a geographical area of 969.81 km2, and a population of 101,321 (2012) giving a population density of 104 people per km2. The administrative center is Kufstein.

The district comprises the lower part of the Tyrolean Inn valley as far as the Bavarian border, the Alpbach valley, the Brandenberg valley, Wildschönau, and Thiersee. Mountain ranges within the district include the Brandenberg Alps, Kitzbühel Alps, and the Kaisergebirge. The largest lakes are the Reintal lakes, Thiersee, Hechtsee, Hintersteiner See and Walchsee.
Alwin Komolong
Alwin Komolong (born 2 November 1994) is a Papua New Guinean footballer who plays for Queensland Lions of the NPL Queensland, and for the Papua New Guinea national football team. Alwin and his brother Felix have been called one of the strongest central defensive pairings in their region.

Madang F.C.
Madang Football Club, formerly known as Madang Flying Fox, Madang Niupetro Fox or simply Madang Fox, was a Papua New Guinea soccer club, based in Madang.

The club was one of the founding members of the Papua New Guinea National Soccer League in 2006, alongside Hekari United, Morobe FC, Gelle Hills and Welgris Highlanders, and are the only founding member still participating in the division, due to clubs folding or defecting to the rival Papua New Guinea National Premier League.

Their most successful spell has come in recent years, since the NSL–NPL split, with the side having qualified for two consecutive OFC Champions League seasons, in 2017. and 2018.
Since 2019, they merged with Tusbab Stallions.
Ungdomens Nykterhetsförbund
Ungdomens Nykterhetsförbund (UNF) is a Swedish youth temperance organisation, founded in 1970 after a merging between Sveriges Godtemplares Ungdomsförbund (SGU) and Heimdal. It is the youth organization of the IOGT-NTO movement. It is a member of the European umbrella organisation ACTIVE and the Nordic umbrella organisation NORDGU. UNF has about 7000 members. The current head of the organisation is Jane Segerblom.

Umbrella organization
An umbrella organization is an association of (often related, industry-specific) institutions who work together formally to coordinate activities and/or pool resources. In business, political, and other environments, it provides resources and identities to the smaller organizations. In this kind of arrangement, it is sometimes responsible, to some degree, for the groups under its care. Umbrella organizations are prominent in cooperatives and in civil society, and can engage in advocacy or collective bargaining on behalf of their members.
Kim Sung-min (judoka)
Kim Sung-Min (born 29 June 1987) is a South Korean judoka. He graduated from Yong In University. At the 2008 Asian Judo Championships, his first international adult competition, he won a gold medal. He went on to win a bronze medal in the 2011 World Judo Championships.

At the 2012 Summer Olympics, Kim reached the semi-finals where he lost to eventual champion Teddy Riner.  He then lost his bronze medal match to Rafael Silva.

At the 2016 Summer Olympics, Kim was knocked out in the second round to Roy Meyer.

Roy Meyer
Roy Meyer (born 4 June 1991) is a Dutch boxer and former judoka.

He competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, in the men's +100 kg. In the quarter finals he was defeated by the eventual bronze medalist Or Sasson of Israel. In the repechage he was defeated by later bronze medalist Rafael Silva of Brazil. In the second round he eliminated Deo Gracia Ngokaba of Congo and in the third round he eliminated Kim Sung-Min of South Korea.

On 22 December 2024, Meyer competed in his first boxing match against American internet personality and actor NickNack PattiWhack for the Influencer Championship Boxing (ICB) International Heavyweight Champion. Meyer officially announced his retirement from judo in July 2025. On 5 October 2025, he competed in his second boxing match against kickboxing and MMA veteran Melvin Manhoef. Meyer won the match in the second round after Manhoef had to retire due to an injury.
Verdon, South Dakota
Verdon is a town in southeastern Brown County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 3 at the 2020 census. Verdon is the second least populous municipality in South Dakota behind only Hillsview.

Hillsview, South Dakota
Hillsview is a town in McPherson County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 2 at the 2020 census. Hillsview is the least-populated municipality in South Dakota. As of 2023, the population is 0 and is scheduled to be unincorporated.

The town was named because of its lofty elevation.
Bhawanipore Club
Bhawanipore Club, also known as সংবাদ প্রতিদিন ভবানীপুর ক্লাব for sponsorship reasons, is an Indian professional football club based in Bhowanipore, Kolkata, West Bengal. The club was established in 1910, and competed in the I-League 2nd Division, then second tier of the Indian football league system. Bhawanipore is currently competing in the CFL Premier Division.

Mohun Bagan AC
Mohun Bagan Athletic Club is an Indian professional multi-sports club based in Kolkata, West Bengal. Founded in 1889, it is one of the oldest multi-sports clubs in Asia. The club has various sports departments like football, cricket, hockey, tennis, athletics and eSports.
Gymnastics at the 1928 Summer Olympics – Men's rings
The men's rings event was part of the gymnastics programme at the 1928 Summer Olympics. It was one of seven gymnastics events for men and it was contested for the fourth time after 1896, 1904, and 1924. Scores from the rings event were added to the results from other individual apparatus events to give aggregate scores for the individual and team all-around events. Eighty-eight gymnasts from eleven nations competed, with each nation having a team of 8 gymnasts. The event was won by Leon Štukelj of Yugoslavia, the nation's first medal in the rings event. For the second consecutive Games, Czechoslovak gymnasts took both silver and bronze: Ladislav Vácha finished second and Emanuel Löffler is credited with a third place finish. Vácha, the bronze medalist in 1924, was the first man to win multiple medals in the event.

Gymnastics at the 1928 Summer Olympics
At the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, eight events in gymnastics were contested.  For the first time at the Olympic Games, women competed in gymnastics.  The rope climbing and sidehorse vault events were dropped from the program.
West Norfolk Militia
The West Norfolk Militia was an auxiliary military regiment in the English county of Norfolk in East Anglia. First organised during the Seven Years' War it carried out internal security and home defence duties in all of Britain's major wars. It later became a battalion of the Norfolk Regiment, served in South Africa during the Second Boer War,  and supplied thousands of recruits to the fighting battalions during World War I. After 1921 the militia had only a shadowy existence until its final abolition in 1953.

Military colours, standards and guidons
In military organizations, the practice of carrying colours, standards, flags, or guidons, both to act as a rallying point for troops and to mark the location of the commander, is thought to have originated in Ancient Egypt some 5,000 years ago. The Roman Empire also made battle standards reading SPQR a part of their vast armies. It was formalized in the armies of Europe in the High Middle Ages, with standards being emblazoned with the commander's coat of arms.
Rugby league in Catalonia
Rugby League in Catalonia was formalised in 2007 with the formation of Associació Catalana de Rugby Lliga who ran rugby league activities until 2010.

Since then, the Spanish Rugby League Association formed in 2013 who govern the sport in all of Spain.

Catalan Rugby League Championship
The Catalan Rugby League Championship (Catalan: Campionat de Catalunya de Rugby Lliga) is the rugby league competition for clubs in Catalonia, promoted by the Catalan Rugby League Association (ACRL) and played since 2009.
Patrice Holloway
Patrice Yvonne Holloway (March 23, 1951 – October 3, 2006) was an American soul and bubblegum pop singer-songwriter, best known as a member of the musical trios Josie and the Pussycats, The Ikettes, and The Blackberries.

The Blackberries
The Blackberries was an American female vocal trio formed in the 1970s. They were a backing vocal group for various musicians, as well as songwriters. They performed with various acts, including Pacific Gas & Electric, Humble Pie, Ringo Starr, and Pink Floyd. The Blackberries recorded for Motown's West Coast subsidiary Mowest and A&M Records.
Manchester, Suriname
Manchester (pop. 748) is a region in the Nickerie District of northern Suriname, about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) from the district capital, Nieuw Nickerie. The settlement is in a very low-lying area, only 0.9 metres (3 ft) above sea level.

Nieuw Nickerie
Nieuw Nickerie is the third largest city in Suriname with a population estimated at 12,818. It is the capital city of the Nickerie district, and the terminus of the East-West Link.

Nieuw Nickerie lies on the mouth of the Nickerie river on the Atlantic coast, opposite the mouth of the Corantijn river (Courantyne) and the Guyanese town of Corriverton (Springlands), to which a ferry service operates. A bridge between Suriname and Guyana is still being planned. Major Henk Fernandes Airport, also known as Nieuw Nickerie Airport, is located near the city.
Model horse
Model horses are scale replicas of real horses. They originated simultaneously – but independently – in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom, followed later by Sweden (UK-influenced), Germany (US-influenced), and Australia. They encompass a wide variety of fanbase activities, from those who simply like to collect, to those who show their models at model horse shows. Unlike model cars or trains, model horse collectibles do not need to be assembled from kits, although they can be altered to the collector's liking.

Hagen-Renaker
Hagen-Renaker was a California pottery company established in Southern California in 1946. The company was founded and owned by John Renaker, Sr., and Maxine Renaker, The company's early production were plates, butter pats, and bowls made in their garage in Culver City, California. The company realized the potential for figurines, and began making them exclusively. Notable designers Tom Masterson, Neil Bortells, Martha Armstrong-Hand, Don Winton, and Will Climes designed for Hagen-Renaker. Hagen-Renaker is known for their miniature figurines and horse figurines.
Law of Vanuatu
Law in the Republic of Vanuatu consists of a mixed system combining the legacy of English common law, French civil law and indigenous customary law. The Parliament of Vanuatu is the primary law-making body today, but pre-independence French and British statutes, English common law principles and indigenous custom all enjoy constitutional and judicial recognition to some extent.

Supreme Court of Vanuatu
Supreme Court of Vanuatu is the superior court of Vanuatu and is based in Port Vila. The Court consists of the Chief Justice and three puisne judges.

Appeals from the Supreme Court are heard by the Court of Appeal of Vanuatu, which is the supreme appellate court in the country. The Court of Appeal is constituted from time to time as the need arises.

With the exception of the Chief Justice, all members of the judiciary are appointed by the President of Vanuatu, who acts on the advice of the Judicial Service Commission, pursuant to Article 47(2) of the Constitution of Vanuatu). The Chief Justice is appointed by the President after consultation with the Prime Minister and the Leader of the Opposition, pursuant to Article 49(3) of the Constitution.

The present Chief Justice of the Court is Vincent Lunabek.