hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dipankar Banerjee (solar physicist)
Dipankar Banerjee ( born 1965) is  an Indian solar physicist. He is a senior Professor of Solar Physics at the Indian Institute of Astrophysics (Bangalore) and currently serves as the vice chancellor of the Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology. Prior to this, he served as the director of the Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES).. He is currently serving as the Director of the Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology (IIST). .

Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences
Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES) is a research institute in Nainital,  Uttarakhand, India which specializes in astronomy, solar physics, astrophysics and atmospheric science. It is an autonomous body under the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India.  The institute is situated at Manora Peak (elevation 1,951 m or 6,401 ft), about 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) from Nainital, headquarters of Kumaon division.

The astronomical observatory is open to the public on afternoons, and on occasional moonlit nights with prior permission.
2016–17 Southeastern Conference men's basketball season
The 2016–17 Southeastern Conference men's basketball season began with practices in October 2016, followed by the start of the 2016–17 NCAA Division I men's basketball season in November. Conference play started in early January 2017 and concluded in March, after which 14 member teams participated in the 2017 SEC tournament at Bridgestone Arena in Nashville, Tennessee, with the tournament champion guaranteed a selection to the 2017 NCAA tournament.

2017 SEC men's basketball tournament
The 2017 Southeastern Conference men's basketball tournament is the postseason men's basketball tournament for the Southeastern Conference held at Bridgestone Arena in Nashville, Tennessee March 8–12, 2017.
Kakovatos
Kakovatos (Greek: Κακόβατος) is a seaside village in Elis, Greece. It is located in the western Peloponnese, approximately in the center of the Gulf of Kyparissia, on the coast of the Ionian Sea. Administratively, it is a part of the municipality of Zacharo.

Located 3 km southwest of Zacharo, it is surrounded by the villages of Schini, Kalidona, Anilio and Neochori. The beach of Kakovatos, and the Gulf of Kyparissia in general, is a spawning area of the Loggerhead sea turtle.

Elis
Elis, also known as Ellis or Ilia (Greek: Ηλεία, Eleia), is a historic region in the western part of the Peloponnese peninsula of Greece. It is administered as a regional unit of the modern region of Western Greece. Its capital is Pyrgos. Until 2011 it was Elis Prefecture, covering the same territory.

The modern regional unit is nearly coterminous with the ancient Elis of the classical period. Here lie the ancient ruins of cities of Elis, Epitalion and Olympia, known for the ancient Olympic Games which started in 776 BC.
Fay's trisecant identity
In algebraic geometry, Fay's trisecant identity is an identity between theta functions of Riemann surfaces introduced by Fay (1973, chapter 3, page 34, formula 45). Fay's identity holds for theta functions of Jacobians of curves, but not for theta functions of general abelian varieties.

The name "trisecant identity" refers to the geometric interpretation given by Mumford (1984, p.3.219), who used it to show that the Kummer variety of a genus g Riemann surface, given by the image of the map from the Jacobian to projective space of dimension  induced by theta functions of order 2, has a 4-dimensional space of trisecants.

David Mumford
David Bryant Mumford (born 11 June 1937) is an American mathematician known for his work in algebraic geometry and then for research into vision and pattern theory. He won the Fields Medal and was a MacArthur Fellow. In 2010 he was awarded the National Medal of Science. He is currently a University Professor Emeritus in the Division of Applied Mathematics at Brown University.
Shevchenkiana by Ivan Marchuk
The Shevchenkiana by Ivan Marchuk is a series of works from the collection "Voice of my soul" by the Ukrainian painter Ivan Marchuk, who
holds the title of People's Artist of Ukraine and is a laureate of the Shevchenko National Prize of Ukraine.

People's Artist of Ukraine
People's Artist of Ukraine (Ukrainian: Народний артист України, romanized: Narodnyi artyst Ukrainy) is an honorary title awarded by the government of Ukraine. It is the highest title awarded to outstanding performing artists whose merits are exceptional in the sphere of the development of the performing arts, including theatre, music, dance, circus, and cinema. For visual arts, there is a separate title.
Rissa (artist)
Rissa (born Karin Martin on 22 June 1938 in Rabenstein near Chemnitz), is a German artist and former professor at the Kunstakademie Düsseldorf. In 1964 she adopted the artist name Rissa, derived from the Norwegian municipality, Rissa.

Rissa Municipality
Rissa is a former municipality in the old Sør-Trøndelag county in Norway in the Fosen region. The municipality existed from 1860 until its dissolution on 1 January 2018 when it became part of the newly created Indre Fosen Municipality in Trøndelag county. The administrative centre of the municipality was the village of Årnset. Other villages in the municipality included Askjem, Hasselvika, Husbysjøen, Rørvika, Råkvåg, Sørfjorden, and Stadsbygd.

Prior to its dissolution in 2018, the 621-square-kilometre (240 sq mi) municipality was the 179th largest by area out of the then 426 municipalities in Norway. Rissa Municipality was the 158th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 6,628. The municipality's population density was 11.3 inhabitants per square kilometre (29/sq mi) and its population had increased by 4.1% over the last decade.
Seventh-day Adventist Church in Poland
The Seventh-day Adventist Church in Poland is a religious organization in Poland, part of the global Seventh-day Adventist Church. According to church data from 2023, it had 9,949 members and supporters across 147 congregations. However, the 2021 National Census reported just over 3,100 adherents. It ranks as the third-largest Protestant denomination in Poland. The church publishes the monthly magazine Znaki Czasu.

The church was officially registered in 1946, facilitated by its legal operations during the Nazi occupation. Its legal status was formalized by the Act of 30 June 1995 on the Relationship between the State and the Seventh-day Adventist Church in Poland.

Religious organization
Religious activities generally need some infrastructure to be conducted. For this reason, there generally exist religion-supporting organizations, which are some form of organization that manages:

the upkeep of places of worship, such as mosques, churches, temples, synagogues, chapels and other buildings or meeting places.

the payment of salaries to religious leaders, such as Roman Catholic priests, Hindu priests, Protestant ministers, imams and rabbis.

In addition, such organizations usually have other responsibilities, such as the formation, nomination or appointment of religious leaders, the establishment of a corpus of doctrine, the disciplining of leaders and followers with respect to religious law, and the determination of qualification for membership.
Robert Watson Grimmer
Robert Watson Grimmer (October 25, 1866 – November 4, 1948) was a merchant and politician from New Brunswick, Canada. He represented Charlotte County in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick from 1915 to 1920 and Charlotte in the House of Commons of Canada from 1921 to 1930 as a Conservative member.

He was born in Saint Stephen, New Brunswick, the son of William Wey Grimmer and Margaret Wilson. In 1859, he married Mary B. Harrison. Grimmer served on the town council for Saint Stephen and was mayor from 1908 to 1909. He also served on the St. Stephen Water Commission and as a school trustee. Grimmer was a Mason and a member of the Knights of Pythias.

Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick
The Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick (French: Assemblée législative du Nouveau-Brunswick) is the deliberative assembly of the New Brunswick Legislature, in the province of New Brunswick, Canada. The assembly's seat is located in Fredericton. It was established in Saint John de jure when the colony was created in 1784 but came into session only in 1786, following the first elections in late 1785. The legislative assembly was originally the lower house in a bicameral legislature. Its upper house counterpart, the Legislative Council of New Brunswick, was abolished in 1891.  Its members are called "Members of the Legislative Assembly", commonly referred to as "MLAs".
Cape Kolka
Cape Kolka (Livonian: Kūolka nanā, Latvian: Kolkasrags) is a cape on the Baltic Sea, near the entry to Gulf of Riga, on the Livonian coast, in the Courland Peninsula of Latvia. The cape is surrounded by the Irbe Strait (Irbes šaurums) which serves as the natural border with Estonia. Cape Kolka represents the north-western limit of the Gulf of Riga. East of the cape is the island of Ruhnu (Estonia) that lies in the middle of the Gulf.

Near the cape is Kolka Lighthouse and the village of Kolka. There is a line of picturesque old Livonian settlements along the Baltic Sea shore, including Vaide, Saunags, Pitrags, Košrags and Sīkrags, all included into the culturally protected territory "Livonian Coast".

Ruhnu
Ruhnu (Swedish: Runö; Latvian: Roņu sala; Livonian: Rūnõmō) is an Estonian island in the Gulf of Riga in the Baltic Sea. Its territory of 11.9 square kilometres (4.6 sq mi) is administratively part of Saare maakond (county). Ruhnu lies geographically closer to the coast of Courland on the mainland of Latvia than it is to any point in the rest of Estonia. With less than 150 official residents, the Ruhnu vald (parish) has the smallest population of Estonia's 79 municipalities. Before 1944, it was for centuries populated by ethnic Swedes and traditional Swedish law was used.
Francesco Federico Falco
Francesco Federico Falco (April 12, 1866 – August 11, 1944) was an Italian medical doctor, who fought for the Cuban War of Independence as coronel "commander of the Health Corp in the Liberation Army of Cuba".

Cuban War of Independence
The Cuban War of Independence, fought from 1895 to 1898, was the last of three liberation wars that Cuba fought against Spain, the other two being the Ten Years' War (1868–1878) and the Little War (1879–1880). During the war, Spain sent 220,285 soldiers to Cuba—according to the Library of Congress, the largest army to cross the Atlantic until World War II. The final three months of the conflict escalated to become the Spanish–American War, with United States forces being deployed in Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines against Spain. Historians disagree as to the extent that United States officials were motivated to intervene for humanitarian reasons but agree that yellow journalism exaggerated atrocities attributed to Spanish forces against Cuban civilians.
Ahmadpour
Ahmadpour (Persian: احمدپور) is an Iranian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Akbar Ahmadpour (1958–2025), Iranian politician

Vafa Ahmadpour (born 1983), Iranian rapper, known as Vafadar

Akbar Ahmadpour
Akbar Ahmadpour (Persian: اکبر احمدپور; 1 August 1958 – 9 June 2025) was an Iranian politician. A member of the Iranian principlists, he served in the Parliament from 2020 to 2024.

Ahmadpour died on 9 June 2025, at the age of 66.
West Virginia Badgers
The West Virginia Badgers were a professional indoor football team based in Charles Town, West Virginia. The Badgers were a member of American Indoor Football (AIF). The Badgers began play in 2012 as an expansion member of the AIF. In 2012, they were based in Fredericksburg, Virginia, and were known as the Virginia Badgers. The Badgers played all their games on the road for their two seasons in the AIF.

Charles Town, West Virginia
Charles Town is a city in Jefferson County, West Virginia, United States, and its county seat. The population was 6,534 at the 2020 census, and was estimated to be 8,869 in 2024. The city is named for its founder Charles Washington, youngest brother of President George Washington. It is part of the northwestern fringes of the Washington metropolitan area.
2012 J.League Division 1
The 2012 J.League Division 1 season was the 47th season of Japanese top-flight football and 20th since the establishment of the J.League. The season started on March 10 and finished on December 1.

Sanfrecce Hiroshima won the 2012 J.League Division 1 championship on 24 November and advanced to the 2012 FIFA Club World Cup as the host team, entering the qualifying play-off round.
This was their first title in the J.League era and first league title since 1970, marking their sixth title overall.
Additionally, this was the first time since 1966 that clubs from the traditional regions of Kantō, Tōkai or Kansai – the corridor from Tokyo to Osaka – did not make the top two, and this time it was a team from Tōhoku, Vegalta Sendai, who finished in second place despite leading the table most of the season.

Kantō region
The Kantō region (関東地方, Kantō Chihō; IPA: [kaꜜn.toː, kan.toː tɕiꜜ.hoː, kan.toː tɕi̥.hoꜜː]) is a geographical region of Honshu, the largest island of Japan. In a common definition, the region includes the Greater Tokyo Area and encompasses seven prefectures: Chiba, Gunma, Ibaraki, Kanagawa, Saitama, Tochigi, and Tokyo. Slightly more than 45 percent of the land area within its boundaries is the Kantō Plain. The rest consists of the hills and mountains that form land borders with other regions of Japan.

As the Kantō region contains Tokyo, the capital and largest city of Japan, the region is considered the center of Japan's politics and economy. According to the official census on October 1, 2010, by the Statistics Bureau of Japan, the population was 42,607,376, amounting to approximately one third of the total population of Japan.
Domahi
Domahi, or Domasi and Damhi, is a popular harvesting festival, celebrated in the Kamrup and eastern Goalpara regions of Western Assam. It marks the commencement and end of the harvesting season, and start and end of the Kamrupi and Goalpariya new years.

Lower Assam division
Lower Assam division is one of the 5 administrative divisions of Assam in India. It was formed in 1874, consisting of the undivided Kamrup district of Western Assam, undivided Darrang and Nagaon districts of Central Assam and Khasi & Jaintia hills of Meghalaya, created for revenue purposes.
Colonial Promenade Alabaster
The Colonial Promenade Alabaster is a lifestyle center that opened in 2005 and is located in Alabaster, Alabama, United States. The 1,000,000-square-foot (93,000 m2) shopping center is the largest in Shelby County and it was developed by Colonial Properties Trust. It was at the center of a nationally publicized controversy over the use of eminent domain to facilitate private commercial development.

Belk
Belk, Inc. is an American department store chain founded in 1888 by William Henry Belk. Local partnerships allowed Belk to expand during the 1900s, and resulted in several Belk co-brandings. The distinct legal entities were consolidated into a single company and uniform Belk brand in 1998. It was acquired by private equity firm Sycamore Partners in 2015.
Biathlon at the 2002 Winter Olympics – Men's relay
The Men's 4 × 7.5 kilometre biathlon relay competition at the 2002 Winter Olympics 20 February, at Soldier Hollow. Each national team consisted of four members, with each skiing 7.5 kilometres and shooting twice, once prone and once standing.

At each shooting station, a competitor has eight shots to hit five targets; however, only five bullets are loaded in a magazine at one - if additional shots are required, the spare bullets must be loaded one at a time. If after the eight shots are taken, there are still targets not yet hit, the competitor must ski a 150-metre penalty loop.

Soldier Hollow
Soldier Hollow is a cross-country ski venue located at the mouth of a hollow of the same name about 53 miles (85 km) southeast of Salt Lake City in Wasatch Mountain State Park in northwestern Wasatch County, Utah, United States. The venue was created for the 2002 Winter Olympics and hosted the biathlon, cross-country skiing, and the cross country skiing portion of the Nordic combined events, a role it is expected to reprise for the 2034 Winter Olympics.

Since hosting the Olympics, it has been developed as a cross-country skiing, tubing, and snowshoeing venue, while featuring mountain biking and golfing in the summer. On May 1, 2016, the venue operation contract transferred from the Soldier Hollow Legacy Foundation to the Utah Olympic Legacy Foundation, which owns and operates several Olympic and Paralympic legacy venues elsewhere in the state.
Microcornea, glaucoma, and absent frontal sinuses
Microcornea, glaucoma, and absent frontal sinuses is a very rare developmental genetic disorder that occurs during embryogenesis which is characterized by a combination of microcornea, glaucoma and missing/underdeveloped sinuses. Additional findings include increased palmar skin thickness and torus palatinus. It has been described in four members of a 3-generation family from Boston, Massachusetts (1969).

Torus palatinus
A torus palatinus (pl.: tori palatini), or palatal torus (pl.: palatal tori), is a bony protrusion on the palate. Palatal tori are usually present on the midline of the hard palate. Most palatal tori are less than 2 cm in diameter, but their size can change throughout life.
German submarine U-188
German submarine U-188 was a Type IXC/40 U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine built for service during World War II.

Laid down on 18 August 1941 by Deutsche Schiff- und Maschinenbau AG (DeSchiMAG) of Bremen as yard number 1028, she was launched on 31 March 1942 and commissioned on 5 August under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Siegfried Lüdden.

The boat carried out three patrols and she was a member of three wolfpacks. She sank eight ships and one warship; she also damaged one ship.

She was scuttled at Bordeaux, France on 25 August 1944. The wreck was broken up in 1947.

Wolfpack (naval tactic)
The wolfpack (Rudeltaktik) was a convoy attack tactic employed in the Second World War. It was used principally by the U-boats of the Kriegsmarine during the Battle of the Atlantic, and by the submarines of the United States Navy in the Pacific War. The idea of a co-ordinated submarine attack on convoys had been proposed during the First World War but had had no success. In the Atlantic during the Second World War, the Germans had considerable successes with their wolfpack attacks but were ultimately defeated by the Allies of World War II. In the Pacific, the American submarine force was able to devastate the Japanese merchant marine, though this was not solely due to the wolfpack tactic. Wolfpacks fell out of use during the Cold War as the role of the submarine changed.
Mud Mills, New York
43°04′30″N 77°04′32″W﻿ / ﻿43.07500°N 77.07556°W﻿ / 43.07500; -77.07556
Mud Mills is a hamlet in the Town of Arcadia, Wayne County, New York, United States. It is located three miles (5 km) north-northeast of the Village of Newark, at an elevation of 427 feet (130 m). The primary intersection in the hamlet is at Welcher Road (CR 234) and Mud Mills Road. N.Y. Route 88 passes just north of Mud Mills.

A historic 2+1⁄2-story grist mill (built c. 1804) is located along Ganargua Creek on Mud Mills Road. The facility remained in operation until 1969. It has been reputed that this grist mill is the last in Wayne County with the mechanics still intact.

New York State Route 88
New York State Route 88 (NY 88) is a north–south state highway in the Finger Lakes region of New York in the United States. It extends for 20.62 miles (33.18 km) from an intersection with NY 96 in the Ontario County village of Phelps to a junction with NY 104 in the Wayne County town of Sodus. In between, NY 88 passes through the Village of Newark, where it intersects NY 31 and crosses over the Erie Canal. NY 88 originally extended south to the city of Canandaigua when it was assigned as part of the 1930 renumbering of state highways in New York. It was truncated to its current length in August 1972. According to the New York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT), the NY 382 designation is reserved for the NY 88 alignment. No timetable exists for the redesignation of NY 88 to NY 382.
Harvey Leibenstein
Harvey Leibenstein (1922 – February 28, 1994) was a Ukrainian-born American economist. He was a professor of economics at the University of California, Berkeley from 1951 to 1967 and at Harvard University from 1967 to 1987. One of his most important contributions to economics was the concept of X-inefficiency and the critical minimum effort thesis in development economics.

Journal of Economic Literature
The Journal of Economic Literature is a peer-reviewed academic journal, published by the American Economic Association, that surveys the academic literature in economics. It was established by Arthur Smithies in 1963 as the Journal of Economic Abstracts, and is currently one of the highest ranked journals in economics. As a review journal, it mainly features essays and reviews of recent economic theories (as opposed to the latest research). The editor-in-chief is Steven Durlauf. In January 2022, the AEA announced that David Romer would become the editor beginning in July 2022.

The journal originated a widely used classification system for publications in the field of economics.
Commiphora wightii
Commiphora wightii, with common names Indian bdellium-tree, gugal, guggal, guggul, gugul, or mukul myrrh tree, is a flowering plant in the family Burseraceae, which produces a fragrant resin called gugal, guggul or gugul, that is used in incense and vedic medicine (or ayurveda). The species is native to western India, from where it was introduced westward to southern Pakistan and the middle-east. It prefers arid and semi-arid climates and is tolerant of poor soil.

Aridity
Aridity is the condition of geographical regions which make up approximately 43% of total global available land area, characterized by low annual precipitation, increased temperatures, and limited water availability. These areas tend to fall upon degraded soils, and their health and functioning are key necessities of regulating ecosystems’ atmospheric components.
Rowhill Nature Reserve
Rowhill Nature Reserve or Rowhill Copse is a  26.6-hectare (66-acre) Local Nature Reserve (LNR) which straddles the border between Aldershot in Hampshire and Farnham in Surrey. It is owned by Rushmoor Borough Council, was declared an LNR by Waverley Borough Council and is managed by Rowhill Nature Reserve Society.

This site is mainly coppiced woodland with hazel and sweet chestnut. There are also ponds, a stream, heath and marshland. It is the source of the River Blackwater.

Access points include Cranmore Lane.

Sweet chestnut
The sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa), also known as the Spanish chestnut or European chestnut, is a species of tree in the family Fagaceae, native to Southern Europe and Asia Minor, and widely cultivated throughout the temperate world. A substantial, long-lived deciduous tree, it produces an edible seed, the chestnut, which has been used in cooking since ancient times.
Rumpus in the Harem
Rumpus in the Harem is a 1956 short subject directed by Jules White starring American slapstick comedy team The Three Stooges (Moe Howard, Larry Fine and Shemp Howard). It is the 171st entry in the series released by Columbia Pictures starring the comedians, who appeared in 190 shorts for the studio between 1934 and 1959.

Joe Palma
Joe Palma (born Joseph Provenzano; March 17, 1905 – August 14, 1994) was an American film actor. Palma appeared in over 120 films between 1937 and 1968. He was well known as a supporting player for The Three Stooges and his brief tenure as a body double to member Shemp Howard for four shorts produced after Shemp's death, which led to the coining of the term "Fake Shemp".