hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Troyville culture
The Troyville culture is an archaeological culture in areas of Louisiana and Arkansas in the Lower Mississippi valley in the Southeastern Woodlands. It was a Baytown Period culture and lasted from 400 to 700 CE during the Late Woodland period. It was contemporaneous with the Coastal Troyville and Baytown cultures (all three had evolved from the Marksville Hopewellian peoples) and was succeeded by the Coles Creek culture. Where the Baytown peoples built dispersed settlements, the Troyville people instead continued building major earthwork centers.

Archaeological culture
An archaeological culture is a recurring assemblage of types of artifacts, buildings and monuments from a specific period and region that may constitute the material culture remains of a particular past human society. The connection between these types is an empirical observation. Their interpretation in terms of ethnic or political groups is based on archaeologists' understanding. However, this is often subject to long-unresolved debates. The concept of the archaeological culture is fundamental to culture-historical archaeology.
Boscobel (novel)
Boscobel is an 1872 historical novel by the British writer William Harrison Ainsworth. It first appeared as a serial in The New Monthly Magazine before being published in three volumes by the London publishing house Tinsley Brothers. It marked a return to the historical subjects he was best known for, after producing three novels with contemporary settings such as Old Court (1867) and Myddleton Pomfret (1868). It takes place in the weeks before and following the Battle of Worcester in 1651, in which Charles II avoided capture after his defeat by his republican enemies under Oliver Cromwell. His escape included hiding in the royal oak at Boscobel House in Shropshire, from which the novel takes its title. It also formed the first of a trio of "Jacobite" novels sympathetic to the Stuart Dynasty, followed by The Manchester Rebels (1873) and Preston Fight (1875).

Boscobel House
Boscobel House (grid reference SJ837082) is a Grade II* listed building in the parish of Boscobel in Shropshire. It has been, at various times, a farmhouse, a hunting lodge, and a holiday home; but it is most famous for its role in the escape of Charles II after the Battle of Worcester in 1651. Today it is managed by English Heritage.
Zachary A. Vane
Zachary A. Vane (May 16, 1892 – February 8, 1993) was an American politician in the state of Washington.

Vane served in the Washington House of Representatives as a Democrat from the 29th district from 1933 until his appointment to the State Senate on January 9, 1953, after Donald W. Eastvold resigned to become the Attorney General of Washington. He served in the Senate until 1955. In 1957, after state representative John G. McCutcheon resigned the seat in the House of Representatives which Vane had previously held, he was appointed to fulfill the unexpired term, and would serve until 1961. Vane, who was born in Wisconsin, was a realtor, and lived in Tacoma, Washington since 1914. In 1993, he died at the age of 100.

Washington Attorney General
The attorney general of Washington is the chief legal officer of the U.S. state of Washington and head of the Washington State Office of the Attorney General. The attorney general represents clients of the state and defends the public interest in accordance to state law. The office of the attorney general is an executive office elected by the citizens of Washington, and the officeholder serves a four-year term.
Zoff
Zoff is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alfred Zoff (1852–1927), Austrian painter

Dino Zoff (born 1942), Italian football player

Marianne Zoff (1893–1984), Austrian actress and opera singer

Otto Zoff (1890–1963), Austrian journalist and author

Stefano Zoff (born 1966), Italian boxer

Marianne Zoff
Marianne Josephine Zoff (30 June 1893 – 22 November 1984) was an Austrian actress and opera singer (mezzo-soprano).

Zoff was born in Hainfeld, Lower Austria. Starting in 1919 at the Staatstheater Augsburg, she sang at several German opera house until 1925 at the Theater Münster.

Zoff was the first wife of Bertolt Brecht, to whom she was married from 1922 until September 1927. Their daughter Hanne Marianne was born on 12 March 1923. The writer Otto Zoff was her older brother.

In 1928 Zoff married the actor Theo Lingen and Zoff's daughter Hanne grew up with her and Lingen. Lingen's popularity protected Zoff and her daughter, who were classified as half-Jews by the Nazi regime, from persecution. In 1928, Zoff and Lingen had a daughter, Ursula Lingen, who also was an actress.

Zoff died in 1984, aged 91, in Vienna and is buried at the Vienna Zentralfriedhof.
St. Trudo's Abbey, Bruges
Male Castle, Bruges (Dutch: Grafelijk Slot van Male). A community of the Canonesses Regular of the Holy Sepulchre. It originated in Bruges in the 11th century, and between 1954 and 2013 was settled in Male Castle in Male, Sint-Kruis, Bruges, West Flanders, Belgium.

Sint-Kruis
Sint-Kruis (Dutch: [sɪnt ˈkrœys]; West Flemish: Sinte-Kruus) is a sub-municipality of the city of Bruges located in the province of West Flanders, Flemish Region, Belgium. It was a separate municipality until 1971. On 1 January 1971, it was merged into Bruges.
Ring of the Fisherman
The Ring of the Fisherman (Latin: Anulus piscatoris; Italian: Anello Piscatorio), also known as the Piscatory Ring, is an official part of the regalia worn by the pope, who according to Catholic practice and tradition is the head of the Catholic Church and successor of Saint Peter, who was a fisherman by trade. It used to feature a bas-relief of Peter fishing from a boat, a symbolism derived from the tradition that the apostles were "fishers of men" (Mark 1:17). The Fisherman's Ring is a signet that was used until 1842 to seal official documents signed by the pope but is now used only ceremonially. Since at least the Middle Ages it has been a tradition for Catholics meeting the pope to show their devotion by kissing the ring.

Fisherman
A fisherman or fisher is someone who captures fish and other animals from a body of water, or gathers shellfish.

Worldwide, there are about 38 million commercial and subsistence fishers and fish farmers. Fishermen may be professional or recreational. Fishing has existed as a means of obtaining food since the Mesolithic period.
2020 Global Awards
The 2020 Global Awards ceremony was held on Thursday, 5 March 2020 at London's Eventim Apollo and was sponsored by very.co.uk. Roman Kemp and Myleene Klass returned to host the ceremony and were joined by Kate Garraway who replaced Rochelle Humes

Roman Kemp
Roman Zidane Kemp (born 28 January 1993), is an American-born British television presenter and podcast host. He presented The One Show on BBC One. From 2017 to 2024, he presented the national radio network Capital FM breakfast show. In 2019, he finished in third place in the 19th series of I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!. In 2025, he and his sister won the third series of Celebrity Race Across the World.
Olympiada, Chalkidiki
Olympiada (Greek: Ολυμπιάδα) is a town in the northeastern part of the peninsula of Chalkidiki, Central Macedonia, Greece, with 638 inhabitants in the 2021 census. It is a community of the same name, within the municipal unit of Stagira-Akanthos, in the Aristotelis municipality. The main occupation of its residents is tourism and fishing. It is located 35 km from Ierissos and 90 km from Thessaloniki. Approximately 700 meters from it lies the archaeological site of ancient Stagira. The area is declared as a protected zone by the Natura 2000 programme.

Central Macedonia
Central Macedonia is one of the thirteen administrative regions of Greece, consisting the central part of the geographical and historical region of Macedonia. With a population of almost 1.8 million, it is the second most populous region in Greece after Attica. The capital and largest city of the region is Thessaloniki.
Head of a Female Saint
Head of a Female Saint is an undated oil on panel painting by Cima da Conegliano, now in the Museo Poldi Pezzoli in Milan. It depicts an unknown female saint, since there are no visible attributes that can help to her identification.

Cima da Conegliano
Giovanni Battista Cima, also called Cima da Conegliano (c. 1459 – c. 1517), was an Italian Renaissance painter, who mostly worked in Venice.  He can be considered part of the Venetian school, though he was also influenced by Antonello da Messina, in the emphasis he gives to landscape backgrounds and the tranquil atmosphere of his works.

Once formed his style did not change greatly. He mostly painted religious subjects, often on a small scale for homes rather than churches, but also a few, mostly small, mythological ones. He often repeated popular subjects in different versions with slight variations, including his Madonnas and Saint Jerome in a Landscape. His paintings of the Madonna and Child include several variations of a composition that have a standing infant Jesus, which in turn are repeated several times.
Regina H Bartholomew
Regina Bartholomew is an American lawyer, politician and mother of three, originating from Louisiana. On June 9, 2011, Bartholomew, a Democrat, announced her candidacy for New Orleans Judge of Civil District Court, Division B. Bartholomew faced attorney Ellen Hazeur in the October 22, 2011, election. Bartholomew was successful in this election, winning 63.31% of votes. Bartholomew has been endorsed by the New Orleans Times-Picayune. Most recently, Bartholomew ran against Laurie A. White for a seat in division D on the Louisiana 4th Circuit Court of Appeals in 2016, with a successful result of 65.5%.

District court
District courts are a category of courts which exists in several nations. Sometimes they are called "small case courts" because they are usually at the lowest level of the hierarchy.

These courts generally work under a higher court which exercises control over the lower court and supervises it.
Miller columns
Miller columns (also known as cascading lists) are a browsing/visualization technique that can be applied to tree structures. The columns allow multiple levels of the hierarchy to be open at once, and provide a visual representation of the current location. It is closely related to techniques used earlier in the Smalltalk browser, but was independently invented by Mark S. Miller in 1980 at Yale University. The technique was then used at Project Xanadu, Datapoint, and NeXT.

While at Datapoint, Miller generalized the technique to browse directed graphs with labeled nodes and arcs. In all cases, the technique is appropriate for structures with high degree (large fanout). For low-degree structures, outline editors or graph viewers are more effective.

Degree (graph theory)
In graph theory, the degree (or valency) of a vertex of a graph is the number of edges that are incident to the vertex; in a multigraph, a loop contributes 2 to a vertex's degree, for the two ends of the edge. The degree of a vertex  is denoted  or . The maximum degree of a graph  is denoted by , and is the maximum of 's vertices' degrees. The minimum degree of a graph is denoted by , and is the minimum of 's vertices' degrees. In the multigraph shown on the right, the maximum degree is 5 and the minimum degree is 0.

In a regular graph, every vertex has the same degree, and so we can speak of the degree of the graph. A complete graph (denoted , where  is the number of vertices in the graph) is a special kind of regular graph where all vertices have the maximum possible degree, .

In a signed graph, the number of positive edges connected to a vertex  is called its positive degree and the number of connected negative edges is called  negative degree.
Yellowtail rockfish
The yellowtail rockfish (Sebastes flavidus), or yellowtail seaperch, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the subfamily Sebastinae, the rockfishes, part of the family Scorpaenidae. This species lives mainly off the coast of western North America from California to Alaska.

Sebastinae
Sebastinae is a subfamily of marine fish belonging to the family Scorpaenidae in the order Scorpaeniformes.  Their common names include rockfishes, rock perches, ocean perches, sea perches and rockcods. Despite the latter name, they are not closely related to the cods in the genus Gadus, nor the rock cod, Lotella rhacina.
Kawaguchi, Saitama
Kawaguchi (川口市, Kawaguchi-shi) is a city located in southeastern Saitama Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 April 2025, the city had an estimated population of 595,011 in 293,582 households and a population density of 9605 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 61.95 square kilometres (23.92 sq mi). It is the Greater Tokyo Area's 8th most populated city (after passing Hachioji), and second largest in Saitama Prefecture, after eponymous Saitama.

Cities of Japan
A city (市, shi) is a local administrative unit in Japan. Cities are ranked on the same level as towns (町, machi) and villages (村, mura), with the difference that they are not a component of districts (郡, gun). Like other contemporary administrative units, they are defined by the Local Autonomy Law of 1947.
Siemowit V of Masovia
Siemowit V of Rawa was a Polish prince of the House of Piast from the Masovian branch. He ruled as Duke of Rawa Mazowiecka, Płock, Sochaczew, Gostynin, Płońsk, Wizna, and Belz from 1426 to 1434 with his brothers, and after the 1434 division of their inheritance, solely over Rawa Mazowiecka, Gostynin, and Sochaczew.

Wizna
Wizna [ˈvizna] is a village in Łomża County of Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland, situated on the Narew River. Wizna is known for the battle of Wizna which took place in its vicinity during the 1939 Invasion of Poland at the start of World War II.

Farming and food production are the primary sources of income for the residents. The food production by private farms provides favorable conditions for the development of processing industry.
Lavanda, Crimea
Lavanda (Ukrainian: Лаванда; Russian: Лаванда) is a rural settlement in the Alushta Municipality of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, a territory recognized by a majority of countries as part of Ukraine and annexed by Russia as the Republic of Crimea. The word literally means "lavender."

Lavanda is located on Crimea's southern shore at an elevation of 460 metres (1,510 ft). It is administratively subordinate to the Luchyste Village Council. Its population was 177 in the 2001 Ukrainian census. Current population: Population: 206 (2014 Census). The M18 highway runs near the settlement.

Republic of Crimea (Russia)
The Republic of Crimea is a republic of Russia, comprising most of the Crimean Peninsula, but excluding Sevastopol. Its territory corresponds to the pre-2023 territory of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, a de jure subdivision of Ukraine. Russia occupied and annexed the peninsula in 2014, although the annexation remains internationally unrecognized.

The capital and largest city located within its borders is Simferopol, which is the second-largest city on the Crimean Peninsula. As of the 2021 Russian census, the Republic of Crimea had a population of 1,934,630.
Hexasulfur
Hexasulfur is an inorganic chemical with the chemical formula S6. This allotrope of sulfur was first prepared by M. R. Engel in 1891 by treating thiosulfate with HCl. Hexasulfur is orange-red and forms a rhombohedral crystal. It is also called cyclo-S6, ρ-sulfur, ε-sulfur, Engel's sulfur, and Aten's sulfur.

Inorganic chemistry
Inorganic chemistry deals with synthesis and behavior of inorganic and organometallic compounds. This field covers chemical compounds that are not carbon-based, which are the subjects of organic chemistry. The distinction between the two disciplines is far from absolute, as there is much overlap in the subdiscipline of organometallic chemistry. It has applications in every aspect of the chemical industry, including catalysis, materials science, pigments, surfactants, coatings, medications, fuels, and agriculture.
Staglands Wildlife Reserve
Staglands Wildlife Reserve is a wildlife park located in the Akatarawa Valley, 20 km north of Upper Hutt in New Zealand. It was established in 1972 by English immigrant John Simister. Besides native birds, including rare waterfowl such as whio and pāteke, the park maintains a variety of farm animals, including rare breeds such as kunekune. Along with Michael Willis from Christchurch's Willowbank Wildlife Reserve, Simister has been credited with saving the kunekune from extinction.

Brown teal
The brown teal (Anas chlorotis; Māori: pāteke) is a species of dabbling duck of the genus Anas native to New Zealand. For many years it had been considered to be conspecific with the flightless Auckland and Campbell teals in Anas aucklandica; the name "brown teal" has also been largely applied to that entire taxon. Common in the early years of European colonisation, the "brown duck" (as it had been often referred to) was heavily harvested as a food source. Its numbers quickly fell, especially in the South Island, and in 1921 they became fully protected. Captive breeding and releasing into predator-controlled areas has seen good localised populations re-introduced around the country in recent years.
Geographic Beanie Babies
Geographic Beanie Babies refers to Beanie Baby dolls that were made exclusively for retail sale in the country they represented. The collection consists of approximately 50 named dolls representing 10 countries on 4 continents. The dolls can now be found on the secondary market outside their original country.

Used good
Used goods, also known as secondhand goods, are any item of personal property that have been previously owned by someone else and are offered for sale not as new, including metals in any form except coins that are legal tender. Used goods may be sold in informal settings, such as garage sales, traded at swap meet, or sold in formal retail stores. Used goods may also be given away without payment, especially among family or close friends, as a "hand-me-down," or distributed to people in need by a community organization or non-governmental organization.
Symmetry of second derivatives
In mathematics, the symmetry of second derivatives (also called the equality of mixed partials) is the fact that exchanging the order of partial derivatives of a multivariate function

does not change the result if some continuity conditions are satisfied (see below); that is, the second-order partial derivatives satisfy the identities

In other words, the matrix of the second-order partial derivatives, known as the Hessian matrix, is a symmetric matrix.

Sufficient conditions for the symmetry to hold are given by Schwarz's theorem, also called Clairaut's theorem or Young's theorem.

In the context of partial differential equations, it is called the Schwarz integrability condition.

Giuseppe Peano
Giuseppe Peano (/piˈɑːnoʊ/; Italian: [dʒuˈzɛppe peˈaːno]; 27 August 1858 – 20 April 1932) was an Italian mathematician and glottologist. The author of over 200 books and papers, he was a founder of mathematical logic and set theory, to which he contributed much notation, for instance, notations of set operations. The standard axiomatization of the natural numbers is named the Peano axioms in his honor. As part of this effort, he made key contributions to the modern rigorous and systematic treatment of the method of mathematical induction. He spent most of his career teaching mathematics at the University of Turin. He also created an international auxiliary language, Latino sine flexione ("Latin without inflections"), which is a simplified version of Classical Latin. Most of his books and papers are in Latino sine flexione, while others are in Italian.
Maleh (surname)
Maleh and el Maleh are Arabic-language surnames. Notable people with the surnames include:

Edmond Amran El Maleh, Moroccan Jewish writer

Gad el Maleh, Moroccan-Canadian stand-up comedian and actor

Haitham al-Maleh, Syrian human rights activist and judge

Nabil Maleh, Syrian film director, screenwriter, producer, painter, and poet

Nadja Maleh, Austrian actress, singer, cabaret artist, and director

Youssef Maleh, Italian footballer

Youssef Maleh
Youssef Maleh (Arabic: يوسف مالح; born 22 August 1998) is a professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Serie A club Cremonese on loan from Lecce. Born in Italy, he plays for the Morocco national team.
Kim Nilsson (floorball)
Kim Nilsson (born March 28, 1988) is a Swedish floorball player. He currently plays for Vetlanda Innebandy, a club in the Allsvenskan (men's floorball)  the second highest division in Swedish floorball. He has also played for Grasshopper Club Zürich in NLA, AIK and FBC Kalmarsund in SSL. He is recognised as the top goal scorer of all time for the Swedish National Team.

In a poll conducted by the Swedish magazine Innebandymagazinet, reporters and national team coaches have voted Nilsson the world's best floorball player twice; in 2014 and 2020.

FBC Kalmarsund
FBC Kalmarsund, up to 2011 known as Färjestadens IBK, is a Swedish professional floorball team, from Färjestaden, Öland, that plays in the Swedish Super League, the highest league of Swedish floorball. In the 2007–08 season, they played in Swedish Super League. They ended last and were relegated to Division 1 South for the 2008–2009 season.
Lawson Crouse
Lawson Crouse (born June 23, 1997) is a Canadian professional ice hockey player who is a winger and alternate captain for the Utah Mammoth of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was part of the Canadian gold medal-winning team at the 2015 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships. Crouse was drafted in the first round (11th overall) by the Florida Panthers in the 2015 NHL entry draft and was traded to the Arizona Coyotes in August 2016. He is also nicknamed 'The Sheriff' by the team and fans for his tough, physical play.

2015–16 OHL season
The 2015–16 OHL season was the 36th season of the Ontario Hockey League, in which twenty teams played 68 games each according to the regular season schedule, from September 2015 to March 2016. The Plymouth Whalers relocated to Flint and became the Flint Firebirds, playing at the Dort Federal Credit Union Event Center. The Belleville Bulls relocated to Hamilton and became the Hamilton Bulldogs, playing at FirstOntario Centre. The London Knights won the J. Ross Robertson Cup for the fourth time in franchise history, as they defeated the Niagara IceDogs in four games in the final round of the playoffs.  The Knights qualified for the 2016 Memorial Cup held at the ENMAX Centrium in Red Deer, Alberta.  London defeated the Rouyn-Noranda Huskies 3-2 in overtime in the final game, winning the Memorial Cup for the second time in franchise history.