hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
William Lindsay (officer of arms)
William Alexander Lindsay CVO FSA (8 June 1846 – 13 September 1926) was a long-serving officer of arms at the College of Arms in London. Lindsay was the son of Hon. Colin Lindsay son of James 7th Earl of Balcarres, 24th Earl of Crawford and Lady Frances Howard, daughter of the Earl of Wicklow. He was educated at Eton and Trinity College, Cambridge, and was President of the Cambridge Union. On 7 May 1870, he married Lady Harriet Hamilton-Gordon, a daughter of the 5th Earl of Aberdeen and Mary Baillie.  His heraldic career began in 1882 when he was appointed Portcullis Pursuivant in Ordinary at the College of Arms. He was promoted to the office of Windsor Herald of Arms in Ordinary in 1894. In 1919, he was promoted Norroy King of Arms after Charles Athill was promoted to Clarenceux King of Arms. Three years later, Lindsay followed Athill to the role of Clarenceux on Athill's death.  Lindsay held the office from 1922 until his own death in 1926.

Windsor Herald
Windsor Herald of Arms in Ordinary is an officer of arms at the College of Arms in London.

It has been suggested that the office was instituted specifically for the Order of the Garter in 1348, or that it predates the Order and was in use as early as 1338. However, it is more likely that it dates from 1364, when a pursuivant of Edward III, on bringing the king news of the victory at Auray, was rewarded by promotion to the rank of herald with the title Windsor. Thereafter there is little mention of the office before 1419, when Windsor Herald was sent to the Duke of Brittany. Since that time, the office has been maintained. The badge of office is the sunburst badge of Edward III (Edward of Windsor) royally crowned.

The best-known Windsor Herald was the 17th-century antiquarian, Elias Ashmole. The current Windsor Herald of Arms in Ordinary is John Allen-Petrie.
Luis Díaz Viana
Luis Nicanor Pablo Díaz González-Viana (born June 1951 in Zamora), is a Spanish anthropologist, philologist and writer. He is considered a pioneer of Spanish anthropology specializing in popular culture, ethnology and identities. He is a researcher at the Spanish National Research Council (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-CSIC).

Zamora, Spain
Zamora (Spanish: [θaˈmoɾa] ⓘ) is a city and municipality of Spain located in the autonomous community of Castile and León. It is the capital of the province of Zamora. The city straddles the Duero river. With its 24 characteristic Romanesque style churches of the 12th and 13th centuries it has been called a "museum of Romanesque art". Zamora is the city with the most Romanesque churches in all of Europe. The most important celebration in Zamora is Holy Week.

Zamora is part of the natural comarca of Tierra del Pan and it is the head of the judicial district of Zamora.
Amazonic Spanish
Amazonic Spanish (español amazónico), also known as Charapa Spanish, Loreto-Ucayali Spanish or informally known in Peru simply as Jungle Spanish (español de la selva), is a variety of Spanish spoken in the Amazon, especially in the Peruvian provinces of Loreto, San Martín and Ucayali. Amazonic Spanish is also spoken in areas of Brazil adjoining Loreto and Ucayali and in the Amazonas Department of Colombia.

Amazonas Department, Colombia
Amazonas (Spanish pronunciation: [amaˈsonas]) is a department of Southern Colombia. It is the largest department in area while having the third smallest population among the departments. Its capital is Leticia and its name comes from the Amazon River, which drains the department.

It is made up entirely of Amazon Rainforest territory. The southern portion of the department, south of the Putumayo River, is called the "Amazonian Trapeze", which includes the triple border of Colombia, Peru and Brazil, and its southern limit is the Amazon River.
History of the Israeli Air Force
The History of the Israel Air Force begins in May 1948, shortly after the formation of the State of Israel. Following Israel's declaration of independence on May 14, its pre-state national institutions transformed into the agencies of a state, and on May 26, 1948, the Israeli Air Force was formed. Beginning with a small collection of light aircraft, the force soon transformed into a comprehensive fighting force. It has since participated in several wars and numerous engagements, becoming what has been described as "The mightiest air force in the Middle East".

Damascus International Airport
Damascus International Airport (Arabic: مَطَار دِمَشْق الدَّوْلِيّ, romanized: Maṭār Dimašq al-Duwalī) (IATA: DAM, ICAO: OSDI) is the international airport of Damascus, the capital of Syria and the home base of the national flag carrier airline, Syrian Air. Damascus International Airport serves as a primary gateway to Syria and is one of the largest airports in the country along with Aleppo International Airport and Latakia International Airport.

Inaugurated in the mid-1970s, it also is the country's busiest airport. In 2010, an estimated 5.5 million passengers used the airport, an increase of more than 50% since 2004.
Operation Grenade (game)
Operation Grenade, subtitled "The Battle for the Rhineland 23 Feb. – 5 Mar. '45", is a board wargame published by Simulations Publications Inc. (SPI) in 1981 that simulates the crossing of the Roer river between Roermond and Düren by the U.S. Ninth Army in February 1945, which marked the beginning of the Allied invasion of Germany. This was the second of three wargames using a common set of rules in the "Victory in the West" series.

Ninth Army (United States)
The Ninth Army was a field army of the United States Army, most recently garrisoned at Caserma Ederle, Vicenza, Italy. It was the United States Army Service Component Command of United States Africa Command (USAFRICOM or AFRICOM).

Activated just eight weeks before the June 1944 Normandy landings, the Ninth Army was one of the main U.S. Army commands which fought in Northwest Europe in 1944 and 1945. It was commanded at its inception by Lieutenant General William Simpson. It had been designated Eighth Army, but on arrival in the United Kingdom it was renamed to avoid confusion with the British formation of the same designation, taking the name of a unit of the fictitious First United States Army Group prepared for Operation Quicksilver. All American field armies in the European Theatre of Operation were designated with odd numbers; even numbered field armies fought in the Pacific War.
Japana, Georgia
Japana (Georgian: ჯაპანა, IPA: [dʒapʼana]) is a village in Lanchkhuti Municipality, which is in the Nigoti community. It is located in North Guria, 50 m above sea level and 7.45 miles (12 km) away from Lanchkhuti. In the village, there is a railway station on the Samtredia-Makhinjauri line and the road of international importance passes. Abasha, a path of domestic importance, also passes. Georgia Highway 12 passes through the village. There are three lakes in the village: Japana Lake, Didi Narional and Small Orange.

Guria
Guria (Georgian: გურია) is a region (mkhare) in Georgia, in the western part of the country, bordered by the eastern end of the Black Sea. The region has a population of 104,338 (2023), with Ozurgeti as the regional capital.
Norma Heyman
Norma Heyman (born 1937) is a British film producer and actress. Heyman produced the 1983 independent film, The Honorary Consul in 1983, becoming the first British woman to produce an independent feature film entirely by herself. In 1988, Heyman and producer Hank Moonjean received an Academy Award for Best Picture nomination for their producing the dramatic film, Dangerous Liaisons.

Her film credits also include the 2005 British comedy, Mrs Henderson Presents, which she produced with Bob Hoskins.

Born Norma Pownall, she married British film producer and talent agent John Heyman in 1960. Norma and John had two children, including David, the founder of Heyday Films and the producer of the Harry Potter film series. John Heyman and Norma Heyman divorced during the 1960s after his affair with actress Joanna Shimkus.

In 2013, she co-produced The Thirteenth Tale with her son David.

Dangerous Liaisons
Dangerous Liaisons is a 1988 American period romantic drama film directed by Stephen Frears, from a screenplay by Christopher Hampton based on his 1985 play Les Liaisons Dangereuses, itself adapted from the 1782 French novel by Pierre Choderlos de Laclos. The film depicts schemes of seduction and revenge among aristocrats in 18th century France, and stars Glenn Close, John Malkovich, Michelle Pfeiffer, Uma Thurman, Swoosie Kurtz, Mildred Natwick, Peter Capaldi and Keanu Reeves.

Dangerous Liaisons was theatrically released by Warner Bros. Pictures on December 21, 1988. Grossing $35.3 million against its $14 million budget, the film was a modest box-office success. It was nominated for seven awards at the 61st Academy Awards, including Best Picture, winning three: Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Costume Design, and Best Production Design.
Itagaki Nobukata
Itagaki Nobukata (板垣 信方; 1489 – March 23, 1548) was a retainer of the Takeda family. He was known as one of the "Twenty-Four Generals of Takeda Shingen". 
His name is also seen with different kanji as 信形. 
Nobukata served under both Takeda Nobutora and Takeda Shingen and also was tasked with young Shingen.

Takeda clan
The Takeda clan (武田氏, Takeda-shi) was a Japanese samurai clan active from the late Heian period until the late 16th century. The clan was historically based in Kai Province in present-day Yamanashi Prefecture. The clan reached its greatest influence under the rule of Takeda Shingen, one of the most famous rulers of the period.
Michele Tiraboschi
Michele Tiraboschi (born 27 June 1965 in Seriate – Italy) is a Full Professor of Labour Law at the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy, and is the author of many publications. He is known for his participation in national debates on Italian labour market reforms and for his research in labour law.

University of Modena and Reggio Emilia
The University of Modena and Reggio Emilia (Italian: Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia), located in Modena and Reggio Emilia, Emilia-Romagna, Italy, is one of the oldest universities in Europe, founded in 1175, with a population of 20,000 students.

The medieval university disappeared by 1338 and was replaced by "three public lectureships" which did not award degrees and were suspended in the 1590s "for lack of money". The university was not reestablished in Modena until the 1680s and did not receive an imperial charter until 1685.

Some famous students who attended the university include Ludovico Antonio Muratori, a noted Italian historian and scholar who graduated in 1694, the playwright Carlo Goldoni in the 17th century and, in the last century, Sandro Pertini, who became President of the Italian Republic.
Level II (Blackstreet album)
Level II is the fourth album by American R&B group, Blackstreet. It was released by DreamWorks Records on March 11, 2003, in the United States, their first and only album released on the record label. The album's title was a reference to its members' best known line-up during their most successful album, 1996's Another Level. Two of the members returned for the recording of Level II. Mark Middleton returned to the fold after he was replaced by Terrell Phillips on 1999's Finally to launch a gospel music career. Dave Hollister returned on the song "Bygones", as he also left the group to start his solo career.

Rose Royce
Rose Royce is an American soul and R&B group. They are best known for several hit singles during the 1970s including "Car Wash", "I Wanna Get Next to You", "I'm Going Down", "Wishing on a Star", and "Love Don't Live Here Anymore".
St. John's School (Texas)
St. John's School (also known as St. John's or SJS) is a coeducational, independent K–12 day school in Houston, Texas, United States. The School was founded in 1946 and is a member of the Houston Area Independent Schools, the Independent Schools Association of the Southwest (ISAS), and the Southwest Preparatory Conference (SPC).  Though situated adjacent to St. John the Divine church, St. John's claims no religious affiliation. For the 2025–2026 school year, tuition ranges from approximately $30,000 to $37,000.

As of June 2024, SJS's endowment is $111,800,000.

K–12
K–12 (from kindergarten to twelfth grade) is an English language expression that indicates the range of years of publicly supported primary and secondary education found in the United States and Canada, which is similar to publicly supported school grades before tertiary education in several other countries, such as  Armenia, Australia, China, Ecuador, Egypt, India, Iran, the Philippines, South Korea, and Turkey. K–12 refers to the American system which affords authority to local intersectional "districts" which may be specific to a municipality, county, or several regions, depending on population and proximity.
Sylvia Ratonel (album)
Sylvia Ratonel is the eponymous debut studio album by Singaporean singer Sylvia Ratonel. It was released in Singapore on 27 October 2010. The musical direction of the album departed from the usual ballad and acoustic genres Sylvia specialized in during Singapore Idol. Singapore Idol winner Sezairi Sezali and local rapper ShiGGa Shay appear on the album as featured artists.

Upon its release, the album received mixed reviews from online music critics, who doubted Sylvia's songwriting ability and the lack of production of the album, but praised Sylvia's vocal performance. The album has produced four singles, including the 987FM Top 5 hit "It's Raining".

Shigga Shay
Pek Jin Shen (born 12 September 1992), better known by his stage name Shigga Shay (stylised as ShiGGa Shay—the capitalised "GG" representing "Grizzle Grind"), is a Singaporean hip hop artist, songwriter, director and music producer. ShiGGa Shay was recognised as the "Unsigned Talent of The Week" by WorldStarHipHop at 17 and secured multiple #1 singles on the iTunes Singapore Charts. Furthermore, he was invited to perform at the White House Afterparty for the State Dinner in Washington, DC.

In 2023, Shay became the first Singaporean and the first artist to perform a song in both Mandarin and Hokkien on COLORSxSTUDIOS. In the same year, he was invited to perform as a special guest on "The Rap Of China", alongside rapper E.SO, making him the first Southeast Asian to be invited on the show.

Shay is also a founding member of hip hop group Grizzle Grind Crew, as well as production company Grizzle Films.
Laclede
Laclede, LaClede or La Clede may refer:

Pierre Laclède, founder of St. Louis, Missouri
Laclede's Landing, St. Louis

LaClede Town in St. Louis

LaClede Township, Fayette County, Illinois
La Clede, Illinois

Laclede, Missouri, a small city

Laclede County, Missouri

The Laclede Group, public utility holding company
Laclede Gas Company, its primary subsidiary

Laclede, Idaho

Laclede Gas Company
Laclede Gas Company is the largest natural gas distribution utility in Missouri, serving about 632,000 residential, commercial and industrial customers in the city of St. Louis and ten counties in eastern Missouri. As an adjunct to its gas distribution business, the company operates an underground natural gas storage field, a propane storage cavern, and propane vaporization facilities.

Laclede Gas is a regulated public utility and a wholly owned subsidiary of Spire Inc. (formerly Laclede Group). Its corporate headquarters is located in the 700 Market building in downtown St. Louis.
Malsagov
Malsagov (Ingush: Малсагнаькъан, romanized: Malsagnäqhan; the name of an Ingush clan, see inh:Малсаганаькъан) is a Russian-language style Ingush surname derived from Ingush given name Malsag with Russian patronymic suffix -ov. Notable people with the surname include:

Ahmed Malsagov, Ingush Russian pilot

Ahmed Malsagov (politician), Ingush Russian politician

Safarbek Malsagov, Ingush Russian general

Sozerko Malsagov (1895–1976), Russian Imperial Army officer known for his memoir about his escape Solovki prison camp

Safarbek Malsagov
Safarbek Tovsultanivich Malsagov (26 July 1868 – 1944) was an Ingush-born Russian general. He was born in what is now the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania. After the end of the Russian Civil War, he went into exile in Poland.
Ankle jerk reflex
The ankle jerk reflex, also known as the Achilles reflex, occurs when the Achilles tendon is tapped while the foot is dorsiflexed. 
It is a type of stretch reflex that tests the function of the gastrocnemius muscle and the nerve that supplies it.
A positive result would be the jerking of the foot towards its plantar surface. Being a deep tendon reflex, it is monosynaptic. It is also a stretch reflex. 
These are monosynaptic spinal segmental reflexes. When they are intact, integrity of the following is confirmed: cutaneous innervation, motor supply, and cortical input to the corresponding spinal segment.

Motor cortex
The motor cortex comprises interconnected fields on the posterior frontal lobe—chiefly Brodmann area 4 (primary motor cortex, M1) and area 6 (premotor cortex and supplementary motor areas)—that plan, select and execute voluntary movements. These regions transform goals into patterned activity in descending pathways to brainstem and spinal motor circuits, enabling dexterous eye, face and limb actions. Modern work shows overlapping, action‑type representations rather than a strictly point‑to‑point "homunculus," and highlights direct cortico‑motoneuronal projections that underwrite fine finger control. Clinically, motor‑cortical organization shapes deficits after stroke and neurodegenerative disease and guides mapping for neurosurgery and neurotechnology.
Abaturovo
Abaturovo (Russian: Абатурово) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Abaturovo, Arkhangelsk Oblast, a village in Moshinsky Settlement of Nyandomsky District in Arkhangelsk Oblast; 61°41′31″N 40°58′53″E﻿ / ﻿61.69194°N 40.98139°E﻿ / 61.69194; 40.98139

Abaturovo, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, a village in Rabotkinsky Selsoviet of Kstovsky District in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast; 56°00′53″N 44°37′19″E﻿ / ﻿56.01472°N 44.62194°E﻿ / 56.01472; 44.62194

Abaturovo, Tver Oblast, a village in Malovasilevskoye Rural Settlement of Kimrsky District in Tver Oblast; 57°00′50″N 37°04′28″E﻿ / ﻿57.01389°N 37.07444°E﻿ / 57.01389; 37.07444

Abaturovo, Vologda Oblast, a village in Krasnopolyansky Selsoviet of Nikolsky District in Vologda Oblast

Abaturovo, Yaroslavl Oblast, a village in Klementyevsky Rural Okrug of Uglichsky District in Yaroslavl Oblast; 57°27′44″N 38°44′21″E﻿ / ﻿57.46222°N 38.73917°E﻿ / 57.46222; 38.73917

Kstovsky District
Kstovsky District (Russian: Ксто́вский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the forty in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Kstovsky Municipal District. It is located in the center of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,225 square kilometers (473 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Kstovo. Population: 112,823 (2010 Census);  46,759 (2002 Census); 47,917 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Kstovo accounts for 59.1% of the district's total population.
Erinayo Wilson Oryema
Erinayo Wilson Oryema CPM (1 January 1917 – 16 February 1977) was a Ugandan police officer and politician. He was Uganda's first African Inspector General of Police (1964–1971), and later served as Minister of Land, Mineral, and Water Resources (1971–1974) and Minister of Land, Housing and Physical Planning (1974–1977) under the regime of Idi Amin.

In February 1977, Oryema, together with Archbishop Janani Luwum and Interior Minister Charles Oboth Ofumbi, were assassinated by Amin's security forces.

Second Republic of Uganda
The Second Republic of Uganda existed from 1971 to 1979, when Uganda was ruled by Idi Amin's military dictatorship. Amin's rule formally came to an end with the Uganda-Tanzania War, which ended with Tanzania occupying Uganda and Amin fleeing into exile.

The Ugandan economy was devastated by Idi Amin's policies, including the expulsion of Asians, the nationalisation of businesses and industry, and the expansion of the public sector. The real value of salaries and wages collapsed by 90% in less than a decade. The number of people killed as a result of his regime is unknown; estimates from international observers and human rights groups range from 100,000 to 500,000.
Lessenich (Mechernich)
Lessenich is a small village at the northern rim of the Eifel hill chain. It belongs to the town of Mechernich in the district of Euskirchen.
Lessenich is situated in the centre of the triangle of Mechernich, Euskirchen und Bad Münstereifel. 
The Roman Eifel Aqueduct to Cologne and the Bundesautobahn 1 both are along the villages area.
The three castles Burg Zievel, Burg Veynau and Burg Satzvey are in the villages surroundings.

Eifel
The Eifel (German: [ˈaɪfl̩] ⓘ; Luxembourgish: Äifel, pronounced [ˈæːɪ̯fəl]) is a low mountain range in western Germany, eastern Belgium and northern Luxembourg. It occupies parts of southwestern North Rhine-Westphalia, northwestern Rhineland-Palatinate and the southern area of the German-speaking Community of Belgium.

The Eifel is part of the Rhenish Massif; within its northern portions lies the Eifel National Park. The Eifelian stage in geological history is named after the region because rocks of that period reach the surface in the Eifel at the Wetteldorf Richtschnitt outcrop.

The inhabitants of the Eifel are known as Eiflers or Eifelers.
Henry Seabright
Henry Seabright was a magazine and children's book illustrator who contributed to The Strand and the Reader's Digest Condensed Books series. Seabright also contributed to The Bible Story and the comic Playhour where he drew a comic strip adaptation of E. Nesbit's novel Five Children and It.

Playhour
Playhour was a British children's comics magazine published by Amalgamated Press/Fleetway/IPC between 16 October 1954 and 15 August 1987, a run of approximately 1,700 weekly issues. Playhour contained a mixture of original tales for young children and adaptations of well-known fairy tales (drawn by Nadir Quinto, Ron Embleton, Jesus Blasco and others).
Enrico Garbosi
Enrico Garbosi (7 April 1916 – 6 January 1973) was an Italian basketball player and coach. He made major contributions to Italian women's basketball, serving as head coach of the national team and winning four consecutive titles with ASDG Comense 1872.

Italy women's national basketball team
The Italy women's national basketball team (Italian: Nazionale di pallacanestro femminile dell'Italia) represents Italy in international women's basketball competitions. At the European Women's Basketball Championship the Italian team won Gold medals in 1938.

Italy is the leading nation in terms of EuroBasket Women qualifications. (Alongside France)
Rashid Shabazz
Rashid Shabazz, known professionally by the nickname “Roc”, is an American IFBB Pro Champion, celebrity fitness trainer, and business owner.

Best known for his accomplishments in the bodybuilding industry, Roc spent many years under the mentorship of eight-time Mr.Olympia, Lee Haney. He took home 1st place in the 2010 Phoenix Pro in Arizona, and 2nd in the Orlando Europa Pro that same year

International Fitness and Bodybuilding Federation
The International Fitness and Bodybuilding Federation (IFBB) is an international professional sports governing body for bodybuilding and fitness. Headquartered in Las Rozas de Madrid, it oversees many of the sport's major international events, notably the World and Continental Championships.