hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Whitewater River (Keowee River tributary)
The Whitewater River is a 14.6-mile-long (23.5 km) river that flows south from headwaters in Transylvania County, North Carolina, over Upper Whitewater Falls and Lower Whitewater Falls before crossing into South Carolina and entering Lake Jocassee, the reservoir behind Lake Jocassee Dam.

In Lake Jocassee the Whitewater River is joined by the Toxaway River to form the Keowee River.  The confluence is submerged beneath the waters of Lake Jocassee.  Via the Keowee and Seneca rivers, the Whitewater River is part of the Savannah River watershed.

Transylvania County, North Carolina
Transylvania County is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census the population is 32,986. Its county seat is Brevard.

Transylvania County comprises the Brevard, NC Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Asheville-Waynesville-Brevard, NC Combined Statistical Area.
James Andrew Thomas Bruce
Admiral Sir James Andrew Thomas Bruce, KCMG (15 July 1846 – 25 May 1921) was an officer in the Royal Navy, who was second in command of the British fleet on the China Station during the Boxer Rebellion.

Admiral (Royal Navy)
Admiral (Adm) is a senior rank of the Royal Navy, which equates to the NATO rank code OF-9, outranked only by the rank of admiral of the fleet. Royal Navy officers holding the ranks of rear admiral, vice admiral and admiral of the fleet are sometimes considered generically to be admirals. The rank of admiral is currently the highest rank to which a serving officer in the Royal Navy can be promoted, admiral of the fleet being in abeyance except for honorary promotions of retired officers and members of the royal family.

The equivalent rank in the British Army and Royal Marines is general; and in the Royal Air Force, it is air chief marshal.
Salzburg Research
Salzburg Research Forschungsgesellschaft mbH is an independent research and technology organisation (RTO), located in Salzburg, Austria. The organisation specializes in applied research and development in the field of information and communications technologies (ICT).

Applied science
Applied science is the application of the scientific method and scientific knowledge to attain practical goals. It includes a broad range of disciplines, such as engineering and medicine. Applied science is often contrasted with basic science, which is focused on advancing scientific theories and laws that explain and predict natural or other phenomena.

There are applied natural sciences, as well as applied formal and social sciences. Applied science examples include genetic epidemiology which applies statistics and probability theory, and applied psychology, including criminology.
Auto Driver
Auto Driver is a 1998 Indian Telugu film, produced by D. Siva Prasad Reddy under the Kamakshi Movies banner, directed by Suresh Krishna. It stars Nagarjuna, Deepti Bhatnagar and Simran, with music composed by Deva. It was dubbed into Tamil as Autokaran. The film was a box office failure.

Deepti Bhatnagar
Deepti Bhatnagar is a former Indian actress and model known for her work primarily in Hindi and Telugu films, along with a few appearances in other languages. She made her film debut in Ram Shastra (1995), directed by Sanjay Gupta. She gained recognition with the Telugu film Pelli Sandadi (1996), which became the second highest-grossing Telugu film of the year. Bhatnagar also appeared in the American film Inferno (1997) and the Hindi film Mann (1999).
1998 Afro-Asian Club Championship
The 1998 Afro-Asian Club Championship, was the 11th and the last Afro-Asian Club Championship competition endorsed by the Confederation of African Football (CAF) and Asian Football Confederation (AFC), contested between the winners of the CAF Champions League and the Asian Club Championship.

The final was contested in two-legged home-and-away format between Korean team Pohang Steelers the 1997–98 Asian Club Championship winner, and the Moroccan side Raja CA, the 1997 CAF Champions League winner, The first leg was hosted by Pohang Steelers at the Pohang Steel Yard in Pohang in November 1998, while the second leg was hosted by Raja CA at Stade Mohamed V in Casablanca in December 1998.

Aggregate was 3–2 for Raja CA.

Pohang Steel Yard
The Pohang Steel Yard is a football stadium in Pohang, South Korea. It is the home stadium of Pohang Steelers. The stadium holds 15,546 spectators and was built in 1990 as the first football-specific stadium in South Korea.
Bridging loss
Bridging loss is the loss, at a given frequency, that results when an impedance is connected across a transmission line. It is expressed as the ratio, in decibels, of the signal power delivered to a given point in a system downstream from the bridging point prior to bridging, to the signal power delivered to the given point after bridging. The term is introduced because return loss is not applicable to the high-impedance input conditions. The term is also used in telephone practice and is synonymous with the insertion loss that results from bridging an impedance across a circuit.

Telecommunication circuit
A telecommunication circuit is a path in a telecommunications network used to transmit information. Circuits have evolved from generally being built on physical connections between individual hardware cables, as in an analog phone switch, to virtual circuits established over packet switching networks.
Lapenda
Lapenda is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Frederico Lapenda (born 1968), American film producer

Geraldo Lapenda (1924–2004), Brazilian linguist

Luka Lapenda (born 1988), Swiss footballer

Luka Lapenda
Luka Lapenda (born 1 January 1988) is a Swiss football forward who played for Grasshopper Club Zürich in the Swiss Super League. In September 2010 he joined FC Croatia of the Swiss 3. Liga (sixth tier).
The Hustler of Muscle Beach
The Hustler of Muscle Beach is a 1980 American comedy television film starring Richard Hatch, Kay Lenz and Jeanette Nolan. It was directed by Jonathan Kaplan and originally aired on ABC as the ABC Friday Night Movie on May 16, 1980.

Jonathan Kaplan
Jonathan Kaplan (November 25, 1947 – August 1, 2025) was an American film producer and director. His film The Accused (1988) earned actress Jodie Foster the Oscar for Best Actress and was nominated for the Golden Bear at the 39th Berlin International Film Festival. His film Love Field (1992) earned actress Michelle Pfeiffer an Oscar nomination for Best Actress and was nominated for the Golden Bear at the 43rd Berlin International Film Festival. Kaplan received five Emmy nominations for his roles directing and producing the television series ER.
2000 UBS Open Gstaad – Doubles
Donald Johnson and Cyril Suk were the defending champions, but competed this year with different partners. Johnson teamed up with Lucas Arnold Ker and lost in the first round to Nicolas Kiefer and Max Mirnyi, while Suk teamed up with Aleksandar Kitinov and also lost in first round to Roger Federer and Marc Rosset.

Jiří Novák and David Rikl won the title by defeating Jérôme Golmard and Michael Kohlmann 3–6, 6–3, 6–4 in the final.

Marc Rosset
Marc Rosset  (French: [maʁk ʁɔsɛ]; born 7 November 1970) is a Swiss former professional tennis player. He is best known for winning the men's singles gold medal at the 1992 Summer Olympics. He also won a major doubles title, at the French Open in 1992 partnering compatriot Jakob Hlasek. Rosset's career-high ATP singles ranking was world No. 9, and his career-high doubles ranking was No. 8. He won a total of 15 top-level singles titles and eight doubles titles. He won at least one singles title on all surfaces: clay, grass, carpet, and hardcourt.
ACV synthetase
ACV synthetase (ACVS, L-δ-(α-aminoadipoyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine synthetase, N-(5-amino-5-carboxypentanoyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine synthase, EC 6.3.2.26) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

3 ATP + L-2-aminohexanedioate + L-cysteine + L-valine + H2O  3 AMP + 3 PPi + N-[L-5-amino-5-carboxypentanoyl]-L-cysteinyl-D-valine

The five substrates of this enzyme are ATP, L-2-aminohexanedioate, L-cysteine, L-valine, and H2O, whereas its three products are AMP, diphosphate, and N-[L-5-amino-5-carboxypentanoyl]-L-cysteinyl-D-valine.

ACVS is an example of a nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS). It participates in penicillin and cephalosporin biosyntheses.

Cysteine
Cysteine (/ˈsɪstɪiːn/; symbol Cys or C) is a semiessential proteinogenic amino acid with the formula HS−CH2−CH(NH2)−COOH. The thiol side chain in cysteine enables the formation of disulfide bonds, and often participates in enzymatic reactions as a nucleophile. Cysteine is chiral, but both D and L-cysteine are found in nature. L‑Cysteine is a protein monomer in all biota, and D-cysteine acts as a signaling molecule in mammalian nervous systems. Cysteine is named after its discovery in urine, which comes from the urinary bladder or cyst, from Greek κύστις kýstis, "bladder".

The thiol is susceptible to oxidation to give the disulfide derivative cystine, which serves an important structural role in many proteins. In this case, the symbol Cyx is sometimes used. The deprotonated form can generally be described by the symbol Cym as well.

When used as a food additive, cysteine has the E number E920.

Cysteine is encoded by the codons UGU and UGC.
Larry McClure (baseball)
Lawrence Ledwith McClure (October 8, 1884 – September 1, 1949) was an American Major League Baseball player. He played in one game on July 26, 1910, for the New York Highlanders.  McClure was a relatively small person, standing at 5 feet, 6 inches and weighing 130 pounds.

McClure attended West Virginia University, where he played college baseball for the Mountaineers in 1910.  McClure also attended Amherst College.

West Virginia Mountaineers baseball
The West Virginia Mountaineers baseball team is the varsity intercollegiate baseball program of West Virginia University, located in Morgantown, West Virginia, United States. The program has been a member of the NCAA Division I Big 12 Conference since the start of the 2013 season. The program currently plays at Kendrick Family Ballpark. Steve Sabins has served as the team's head coach since before the 2025 season. As of June 2025, the Mountaineers have made 16 NCAA Tournament appearances, with the most recent appearance coming during the 2025 season. The team has also won five conference tournament championships, along with 21 conference titles and nine division titles over its history.
Peyser Building—Security Savings and Commercial Bank
The Peyser Building—Security Savings and Commercial Bank is an historic structure located in the Golden Triangle section of Downtown Washington, D.C.  It was listed on both the District of Columbia Inventory of Historic Sites and on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.  The building was designed by architect George N. Ray and built between 1927–1928.

Golden Triangle (Washington, D.C.)
The Golden Triangle is a neighborhood and business improvement district (BID) in Washington, D.C. Covering 43 blocks, it encompasses the western part of Washington's central business district, running from the front yard of the White House's north side to Dupont Circle and from 16th Street NW to 21st Street NW and including sections of K Street and Connecticut Avenue. The commercial neighborhood is home to more than 3,000 organizations, 200 restaurants, 300 shops and retailers, 7 hotels, and 6 national parks.

The Golden Triangle BID was created in 1997 by the District of Columbia City Council and approved by Mayor Marion Barry.

The Golden Triangle BID is supported by a special assessment collected by the District of Columbia from owners of property within the BID's boundaries. Businesses that are located within the Golden Triangle BID's boundaries are automatically members of the BID. The BID is governed by a board of directors composed of up to twenty-three such members.
Battle of the Bridge
The Battle of the Bridge or the Battle of al-Jisr (Arabic: معركة الجسر) was fought at the bank of the Euphrates river between Arab Muslims led by Abu Ubaid al-Thaqafi, and the Persian Sasanian forces led by Bahman Jaduya. It is traditionally dated to the year 634, and was the only major Sasanian victory over the Rashidun Caliphate army.

Arab Muslims
Arab Muslims (Arabic: ﺍﻟْمُسْلِمون ﺍﻟْﻌَﺮَﺏ, romanized: al-Muslimūn al-ʿArab) are the Arabs who adhere to Islam. They are the largest subdivision of the Arab people and the largest ethnic group among Muslims globally, followed by Bengalis and Punjabis. Likewise, they comprise the majority of the population of the Arab world. Currently, around 93% of Arabs are Muslims, while the rest are mainly Arab Christians, as well as Druze and Baháʼís.

Although Arabs account for the largest ethnicity among the world's adherents of Islam, they are a minority in the Muslim world in terms of sheer numbers. Muhammad, the founder of Islam, was an ethnic Arab belonging to the Banu Hashim of the Quraysh, and most of the early Muslims were also Arabs.
Gonfalon
The gonfalon, gonfanon, gonfalone (from the early Italian confalone) is a type of heraldic flag or banner, often pointed, swallow-tailed, or with several streamers, and suspended from a crossbar in an identical manner to the ancient Roman vexillum. It was first adopted by Italian medieval communes, and later, by local guilds, corporations and districts. The difference between a gonfalon with long tails and a standard is that a gonfalon displays the device on the non-tailed area, and the standard displays badges down the whole length of the flag.

Medieval commune
Medieval communes in the European Middle Ages had sworn allegiances of mutual defense (both physical defense and of traditional freedoms) among the citizens of a town or city. These took many forms and varied widely in organization and makeup.

Communes are first recorded in the late 11th and early 12th centuries, thereafter becoming a widespread phenomenon. They had greater development in central-northern Italy, where they became city-states based on partial democracy. At the same time in Germany they became free cities, independent from local nobility.
Repression of heat shock gene expression (ROSE) element
The repression of heat shock gene expression (ROSE) element is an RNA element found in the 5' UTR of some heat shock protein's mRNAs. The ROSE element is an RNA thermometer that negatively regulates heat shock gene expression. The secondary structure is thought to be altered by temperature, thus it is an RNA thermometer. This structure blocks access to the ribosome binding site at normal temperatures. During heat shock however, the structure changes freeing the ribosome binding site and allowing expression to occur.

A partial structure of this RNA element has been determined using NMR.

Ribosome
A ribosome (/ˈraɪbəzoʊm, -soʊm/) is a ribonucleoprotein particle found in all cells, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic, responsible for the synthesis of proteins. A ribosome functions as a molecular machine in the translation of strands of messenger RNA (mRNA) and production of a protein. A ribosome links amino acids together in the order specified by the codons of mRNA molecules to form polypeptide chains. A ribosome is made up of a large and a small subunit, each consisting of one or more ribosomal RNA molecules and many ribosomal proteins. The ribosomes and associated molecules are also known as the translational apparatus.

Ribosome biogenesis is the process of making ribosomes. This is an energy-consuming, dynamic process, requiring the synthesis of around 200 proteins in the processing of ribosomal RNAs and assembling them with ribosomal proteins to make the ribosomes subunits.
Swimming at the 2016 Summer Paralympics – Men's 50 metre freestyle S9
The Men's 50 metre freestyle S9 event at the 2016 Paralympic Games took place on 13 September 2016, at the Olympic Aquatics Stadium. Three heats were held. The swimmers with the eight fastest times advanced to the final.

Olympic Aquatics Stadium
The Olympic Aquatics Stadium (Portuguese: Estádio Aquático Olímpico) was a temporary aquatics center in the Barra Olympic Park in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The venue hosted the swimming events, Synchronized swimming finals and water polo finals at the 2016 Summer Olympics, and the para-swimming events for the 2016 Summer Paralympics.
Haterk
Haterk (Armenian: Հաթերք) or Hasanriz (Azerbaijani: Həsənriz) is a village located in the region of Nagorno-Karabakh, in the Aghdara District of Azerbaijan. Until 2023 it was controlled by the breakaway Republic of Artsakh. The village had an ethnic Armenian-majority population until the expulsion of the Armenian population of Nagorno-Karabakh by Azerbaijan following the 2023 Azerbaijani offensive in Nagorno-Karabakh.

Aghdara District
Aghdara District (Azerbaijani: Ağdərə rayonu) is one of the 67 districts of Azerbaijan. It is located in the west of the country in the Karabakh Economic Region. The district borders the districts of Goranboy, Tartar, Aghdam, Khojaly and Kalbajar. Its capital and largest city is Aghdara. As of 2024, the district had a nominal population of 12,100.

The district was officially abolished in 1992 and was only reestablished in 2023.
2001 Sanex Trophy – Doubles
Giulia Casoni and Iroda Tulyaganova were the defending champions, but none competed this year. Tulyaganova chose to focus on the singles tournament, winning the title.

Virginia Ruano Pascual and Magüi Serna won the title by defeating Ruxandra Dragomir Ilie and Andreea Ehritt-Vanc 6–4, 6–3 in the final.

Iroda Tulyaganova
Iroda Tulyaganova (Uzbek: Ирода Тўлаганов, romanized: Iroda To'laganova; born 7 January 1982) is a former professional tennis player from Uzbekistan.

Tulyaganova has career-high WTA rankings of 16 in singles (reached in June 2002) and 28 in doubles (September 2002). She won three singles titles and four doubles titles on the WTA Tour.

Tulyaganova retired from professional tennis in 2010.
Giuseppe Bartolomei
Giuseppe Bartolomei (12 January 1923 – 28 September 1996) was an Italian politician.

He was municipal councilor in Arezzo; in 1961, he became head of the secretariat of the Prime Minister Amintore Fanfani.

Bartolomei was elected Senator in 1963 and held office until 1983; during his parliamentary activity he was Chairman of the DC senators from July 1973 to October 1980. He also served as Minister of Agriculture and Forests in the Forlani Cabinet and in the two Spadolini Cabinets.

At the end of his experience in Parliament, he assumed the role of president of Banca Toscana, which he maintained until a few months before his death in September 1996.

Banca Toscana
Banca Toscana was a regional credit institution headquartered in Florence, known under that name between 1930 and 2009. It was initially established in 1904 as Piccolo Credito Toscano, and was branded Credito Toscano between 1921 and 1930. From 1929, it was controlled by Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena, which fully absorbed it in 2009.
2-8-0+0-8-2
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives by wheel arrangement, the 2-8-0+0-8-2 is a Garratt locomotive. The wheel arrangement is effectively two 2-8-0 locomotives operating back to back, with the boiler and cab suspended between the two power units. Each power unit has a single pair of leading wheels in a leading truck, followed by four coupled pairs of driving wheels and no trailing wheels.

A similar wheel arrangement exists for Mallet type locomotives, but is referred to as 2-8-8-2 since only the front engine unit swivels.

Whyte notation
The Whyte notation is a classification method for steam locomotives, and some internal combustion locomotives and electric locomotives, by wheel arrangement. It was devised by Frederick Methvan Whyte, and came into use in the early twentieth century following a December 1900 editorial in American Engineer and Railroad Journal.

The notation was adopted and remains in use in North America and the United Kingdom to describe the wheel arrangements of steam locomotives, but for modern locomotives, multiple units and trams it has been supplanted by the UIC system in Europe and by the AAR system (essentially a simplification of the UIC system) in North America. However, geared steam locomotives do not use the notation. They are classified by their model and their number of trucks.
Peter Pagin
Peter Pagin (born 1953) is Professor of Philosophy at Stockholm University. He is a specialist in the philosophy of language and has worked extensively on foundational issues in semantics and on technical and philosophical problems about the compositionality of meaning.

Stockholm University
Stockholm University (SU) (Swedish: Stockholms universitet) is a public research university in Stockholm, Sweden, founded as a college in 1878, with university status since 1960. With over 33,000 students at four different faculties: law, humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences, it is one of the largest universities in Scandinavia.

Stockholm University was granted university status in 1960, making it the fourth oldest Swedish university. As with other public universities in Sweden, Stockholm University's mission includes teaching and research anchored in society at large.
JVP
JVP may stand for:

Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna, People's Liberation Front, a Sri Lankan communist political party

Jerusalem Venture Partners, an Israeli-American media venture capital firm

Jewish Voice for Peace, an American advocacy organization concerned with the Israeli-Palestinian conflict

Johnson Voorsanger Productions, original name of ToeJam & Earl Productions

Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, a scientific journal

Jugular venous pressure, an important marker elicited during clinical examination to assess right heart function

Jyotirvidya Parisanstha, Oldest association of amateur astronomers in India

Jewish Voice for Peace
Jewish Voice for Peace (JVP; Hebrew: קוֹל יְהוּדִי לַשָּׁלוֹם, romanized: Qōl Yəhūḏī la-Ššālōm) is an American anti-Zionist, pro‑Palestinian solidarity, and left-wing advocacy organization. It is critical of Israel's occupation of the Palestinian territories, and supports the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions (BDS) campaign against Israel.

The group was formed in 1996, and as of 2024 had grown to over 32,000 active dues-paying members. Its chapters at Columbia and George Washington universities were suspended in 2024.
Peter Paul Gomez
Peter Paul Gomez was a Christian member of the parliament of Pakistan representing East Bengal. Born in 1918, he completed his bachelor's degree from Dhaka University and was employed as an insurance agent in a life insurance company. During India's freedom struggle, he had participated in trade union activities. In the 1955 Constituent Assembly election, Gomez was elected to the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan on a Pakistan National Congress ticket. Gomez, alongside Cecil Edward Gibbon, were the only Pakistani Christian representatives. After the Bangladesh Liberation War, Gomez was the lone candidate from the Congress (now renamed as Bangladesh National Congress) who stood in the 1973 elections but failed to win.

Christianity in Pakistan
Christianity is the third-largest religion in Pakistan, with the 2023 Census recording over three million Christians, or 1.37% of the total population in Pakistan. About 90 to 95% of Pakistani Christians are Dalits from the Chuhra caste who converted from Hinduism. The province of Punjab has the largest population of Christians in the country. The majority of Pakistan's Christians are members of the Catholic Church or the Church of Pakistan, with the remainder belonging to other Protestant groups.

Around 75 percent of Pakistan's Christians are rural Punjabi Christians, while some speak Sindhi and Gujarati, with the remainder being the upper and middle class Goan Christians and Anglo-Indians.