hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Maxwell baronets of Pollok (1630)
The Maxwell baronetcy of Pollok, Renfrewshire, was created in 1630 for John Maxwell, 13th of Pollok in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia. He was son of the John Maxwell of Pollok killed at the Battle of Dryfe Sands in 1593. His mother was Margaret Cunningham. He concerned himself with the colonising efforts of William Alexander in Nova Scotia in the late 1620s.

William Alexander (the younger)
Sir William Alexander (c. 1602 – 18 May 1638) was the founder, in 1629, of the Scottish colony of Nova Scotia with the establishment of Charles Fort, now the site of modern Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia, Canada. His expedition partner, James Stewart, 4th Lord Ochiltree established a short-lived settlement at Baleine on Cape Breton Island, some 600 km (373 mi) northeast.
El Carrizal Dam
The El Carrizal Dam (in Spanish, Embalse El Carrizal) is a dam on the upper-middle course of the Tunuyán River, in the center-north of the province of Mendoza, Argentina upstream from the city of Rivadavia. Its reservoir measures about 15 by 5 kilometres (9.3 mi × 3.1 mi), and its maximum water level stands at 785.5 metres (2,577 ft) above the sea, covering an area of 34.8 square kilometres (13.4 sq mi). It has a maximum volume of 462 million cubic metres (16.3×10^9 cu ft).

The dam is used to regulate the flow of the Tunuyán River, which comes from glacial sources in the Andes, and to irrigate the otherwise arid region. The reservoir is a tourist attraction and is employed for fishing, windsurfing, sailing, etc., while its shores feature camping sites and other lodging facilities.

The waters of the dam feed a hydroelectric power station, which was built in 1971 and has an installed power generation capacity of 17 megawatts (23,000 hp).

Windsurfing
Windsurfing is a wind-propelled water sport that is a combination of sailing and surfing. It is also referred to as "sailboarding" and "boardsailing", and emerged in the late 1960s from the Californian aerospace and surf culture. Windsurfing gained a popular following across Europe and North America by the late 1970s and had achieved significant global popularity by the 1980s. Windsurfing became an Olympic sport in 1984.
Monterrey Open (golf)
The Monterrey Open was a golf tournament on the Buy.com Tour, formerly the Nike Tour, from 1993 to 2001. It was played at the Club Campestre in San Pedro Garza García, a suburb of Monterrey, Mexico.

The purse in 2001 was US$450,000, with $81,000 going to the winner.

San Pedro Garza García
San Pedro Garza García (also known as San Pedro) is part of the Monterrey Metropolitan area of Nuevo León. It is a contemporary commercial suburb of the larger metropolitan city of Monterrey and it's considered as the richest in Mexico and Latin America.
It has luxury shopping malls, large green areas, as well as important colleges and hospitals. 
Cerro de Chipinque and Chipinque Ecological Park  are notable aspects of the city. The city hosts the head offices of companies like ALFA, Cemex, Gamesa, Vitro, Pyosa, Softtek and Cydsa.
Riesi
Riesi is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Caltanissetta in the Italian region Sicily, located about 110 kilometres (68 mi) southeast of Palermo and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) south of Caltanissetta. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 11,678 and an area of 66.6 square kilometres (25.7 mi2).

Riesi borders the following municipalities: Barrafranca, Butera, Mazzarino, Pietraperzia, Ravanusa, Sommatino.

Barrafranca
Barrafranca (Latin: Convicinum, Calloniana) is a comune and city in Sicily, southern Italy in the Province of Enna.

A Roman fortification known as Calloniana, in 1529 it was founded by Pietro Barresi, Prince of Pietraperzia, and took the current name from the Barresi family. Pietro was the first Marquis of Barrafranca. His sister married Conrado Branciforte, count of Mazzarino, whose family took possession of the town.

Sights include the Duomo of Barrafranca (18th century, in  late Sicilian Baroque style ) with a painting attributed to Filippo Paladino, and the Benedictine Monastery, another example of late Baroque architecture. The church of Santa Maria dell'Itria houses an Annunciation painted by Mattia Preti. Finally, the church of Maria Santissima della Stella also has interior artworks.
Matrix consimilarity
In linear algebra, two n-by-n matrices A and B are called consimilar if

for some invertible  matrix , where  denotes the elementwise complex conjugation. So for real matrices similar by some real matrix , consimilarity is the same as matrix similarity.

Like ordinary similarity, consimilarity is an equivalence relation on the set of  matrices, and it is reasonable to ask what properties it preserves.

The theory of ordinary similarity arises as a result of studying linear transformations referred to different bases. Consimilarity arises as a result of studying antilinear transformations referred to different bases.

A matrix is consimilar to itself, its complex conjugate, its transpose and its adjoint matrix.  Every matrix is consimilar to a real matrix and to a Hermitian matrix.  There is a standard form for the consimilarity class, analogous to the Jordan normal form.

Linear algebra
Linear algebra is the branch of mathematics concerning linear equations such as

linear maps such as

and their representations in vector spaces and through matrices.

Linear algebra is central to almost all areas of mathematics. For instance, linear algebra is fundamental in modern presentations of geometry, including for defining basic objects such as lines, planes and rotations. Also, functional analysis, a branch of mathematical analysis, may be viewed as the application of linear algebra to function spaces.

Linear algebra is also used in most sciences and fields of engineering because it allows modeling many natural phenomena, and computing efficiently with such models. For nonlinear systems, which cannot be modeled with linear algebra, it is often used for dealing with first-order approximations, using the fact that the differential of a multivariate function at a point is the linear map that best approximates the function near that point.
IfThenSheCan
#IfThenSheCan is a collection of 120 3D-printed orange freestanding 1:1 scale statues of American women in STEM fields. Various subsets of these sculptures have been exhibited across the United States, most prominently at Smithsonian Institution buildings in Washington DC. The exhibition is part of a wider project called #IfThen (also stylised IF/THEN), the name of which takes the form of a hashtag and refers to the project's motto: "if she can see it, then she can be it" (a concept called representation). Taken in the context of computer engineering (part of the E in STEM), an if/then statement controls logic flow.

Scale (ratio)
The scale ratio of a model represents the proportional ratio of a linear dimension of the model to the same feature of the original. Examples include a 3-dimensional scale model of a building or the scale drawings of the elevations or plans of a building.

In such cases the scale is dimensionless and exact throughout the model or drawing.

The scale can be expressed in four ways: in words (a lexical scale), as a ratio, as a fraction  and as a graphical (bar) scale. Thus on an architect's drawing one might read 'one centimeter to  one  meter', 1:100, 1/100, or ⁠1/100⁠. A bar scale would also normally appear on the drawing. Colon may also be substituted with a specific, slightly raised ratio symbol U+2236 ∶ RATIO (&ratio;), ie. "1∶100".
Korky Neufeld
Kornelius "Korky" Neufeld MLA is a Canadian politician who has served as a member of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia (MLA) representing the electoral district of Abbotsford West.since 2024. He is a member of the Conservative Party.

Legislative Assembly of British Columbia
The Legislative Assembly of British Columbia (French: Assemblée législative de la Colombie-Britannique) is the deliberative assembly of the Legislature of British Columbia, in the province of British Columbia, Canada. The legislature also includes the lieutenant governor of British Columbia. The assembly has 93 elected members and meets in Victoria. Members are elected from provincial ridings and are referred to as members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs). Bills passed by the assembly are given royal assent by the lieutenant governor in the name of the King of Canada.

The current legislature is the 43rd Parliament. The most recent general election was held on October 19, 2024. Proceedings of the Legislative Assembly are broadcast by Hansard Broadcasting Services.
Lohgarh, Nakodar
Lohgarh is a village in Nakodar in Jalandhar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 20 kilometres (12 mi) from sub district headquarters and 44 kilometres (27 mi) from district headquarters. The village is administered by a Sarpanch who is an elected representative of the village.

Jalandhar district
Jalandhar district is a district in Doaba region of the state of Punjab, India. The district headquarters is the city of Jalandhar.

Before the Partition of India, Jalandhar was also the headquarters of the Jalandhar Division, with constituent districts Jalandhar, Hoshiarpur, Ludhiana, Ferozepur and Kangra. The entire Jalandhar Division was awarded to India when Punjab was partitioned.
Warshaw
Warshaw is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bobby Warshaw (born 1988), American soccer player

Dalit Warshaw (born 1974), American composer and pianist

Howard Scott Warshaw (born 1957), American psychotherapist and game designer

Jack Warshaw (born 1942), American folksinger

Matt Warshaw (born 1960), American surfer

Robert Warshaw, American law enforcement official

Dave Warshaw (born 1973), Tattoo artist, illustrator, musician

John Warshaw (born 1964) Founder of Santa Cruz Telephone

Howard Scott Warshaw
Howard Scott Warshaw (born July 30, 1957), also known as HSW, is an American psychotherapist and former game designer. He worked at Atari, Inc. in the early 1980s, where he designed and programmed the Atari 2600 games Yars' Revenge, Raiders of the Lost Ark, and E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial.

Warshaw has written four books, and produced and directed three documentaries.
Wolfgang Sandhowe
Wolfgang Sandhowe (born 14 December 1953) is a German professional football manager and former player who is the manager of NOFV-Oberliga Nord club TuS Makkabi Berlin. As a player, he spent three seasons in the 2. Bundesliga with KSV Baunatal, FSV Frankfurt, and Preußen Münster. After retiring from playing, Sandhowe began a managing career. Since then, he has worked mostly at the third and fourth level of the German football league system. Most recently, he managed 1. FC Magdeburg, where he was released in October 2011.

KSV Baunatal
KSV Baunatal is a German association football club based in Baunatal, Hesse. The team was founded on 13 April 1964 out of the union of KSV Altenritte and KSV Altenbauna.

The club's greatest success has been its three seasons spent in the second division, the 2nd Bundesliga Süd, from 1976 to 1979.
Archilochus (bird)
Archilochus is a genus of hummingbirds. It consists of two small  migratory species which breed in North America and winter in Central America, Mexico and the southern United States.

The genus Archilochus was introduced in 1854 by the German naturalist Ludwig Reichenbach with the black-chinned hummingbird as the type species. The name Archilochus is that of a Greek lyric poet from the island of Paros who lived around 650 BC. Two species are placed in the genus.

Paros
Paros (/ˈpɛərɒs/; Greek: Πάρος [ˈparos]; Venetian: Paro) is a Greek island in the central Aegean Sea and part of the Cyclades island group. It lies 8 kilometers (5 miles) west of Naxos, separated by a narrow channel and about 150 km (93 miles) south-east of Piraeus. The Municipality of Paros covers about 196.308 square kilometres (75.795 sq mi), including numerous uninhabited offshore islets. Its closest neighbor is the municipality of Antiparos, located to the southwest. In ancient Greece, the island was home to the city-state of Paros.

Historically, Paros was known for its fine white marble, which gave rise to the term Parian to describe marble or china of similar qualities. Today, working marble quarries and mines (as well as abandoned ones) can be found on the island, but Paros is primarily known as a popular tourist spot.
Meirion Williams
Meirion Williams (Dyffryn Ardudwy, 1901 – 4 October 1976) was a Welsh composer, best known for his songwriting. Williams studied with Walford Davies at the University of Aberystwyth and in 1922 went on to study piano at the Royal Academy of Music in London with Carlo Albanesi and Edgar Carr, where he won prizes for his playing.

Williams became a freelance musician and a church organist in London. He accompanied singer David Lloyd (tenor) on a series of recordings of Welsh songs for Decca in 1948. He married Gwendolen Margaret Roberts in London, and there was one daughter. He is buried at Llanenddwyn Parish Church near Dyffryn Ardudwy.

David Lloyd (tenor)
David George Lloyd (6 April 1912 – 27 March 1969) was a Welsh singer. Lloyd, a tenor, was noted for being one of the first Welsh solo singers to seek a broader audience beyond Wales, in the concert halls and recording studios of England, mainland Europe, and North America.

During his lifetime, Lloyd was renowned in opera, oratorio, and in recital, in particular for his performances of Verdi and Mozart. As a Welshman, however, he is remembered most for his renditions of the hymns and folk songs of his native land.
Stadion pod Hrádkem
Stadion pod Hrádkem, also known as Areál Vodranty, is a football stadium in Čáslav, Czech Republic. It is the home stadium of FC Zenit Čáslav. The stadium holds 2,575 spectators, of which 575 can be seated.

Čáslav
Čáslav (Czech pronunciation: [ˈtʃaːslaf]; German: Tschaslau) is a town in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 11,000 inhabitants. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone.
Samuel Gurney (MP)
Samuel Gurney (1816–1882) was a banker from the Gurney family. He served as independent Member of Parliament for Penryn & Falmouth from 1857 to 1868 but never spoke. He was also the first Chairman of the London and Provincial District Telegraph Co. Ltd. in 1859 (originally the London District Telegraph Co. Ltd.).  He was president of the National Association for the relief of British Miners and, along with Edward Thomas Wakefield, founder and chairman of the Metropolitan Drinking Fountain and Cattle Trough Association

Gurney was the second son of Samuel Gurney (1786–1856), also a banker.

Penryn and Falmouth
Penryn and Falmouth was the name of a constituency in Cornwall, England, UK, represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1832 until 1950. From 1832 to 1918 it was a parliamentary borough, initially returning two Members of Parliament (MPs), elected by the bloc vote system.

Under the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885, its representation was reduced to one member, elected by the first past the post system. In 1918 the borough was abolished and the name was transferred to a county constituency electing one MP.
Miss Guatemala 2015
The 61st edition of the event Miss Guatemala for 2015, was held on September 20, 2015, in Hall Azarea, Paseo Cayalá in Guatemala City, Guatemala. 12 candidates Departments competed for the title. At the end of the event Ana Luisa Montufar, Miss Guatemala 2014, crowned Jeimmy Aburto of Capital City South as her successor.

The final evening was broadcast live by the National channel Guatemala. The final gala was led by Carina Velasquez and Cristian Zamora. The artists who enlivened the evening were the Guatemalan singer Danny Sanjosé and Mexican singer Alejandro Peniche.

Departments of Guatemala
The Republic of Guatemala is divided into 22 departments (Spanish: departamentos)
which in turn are divided into 340 municipalities. The departments are governed by a departmental governor, appointed by the President.

In addition, Guatemala has claimed that all or part of the nation of Belize is a department of Guatemala, and this claim is sometimes reflected in maps of the region. Guatemala formally recognized Belize in 1991, but the border disputes between the two nations have not been resolved.
Sasaki Kojirō
Sasaki Kojirō (佐々木 小次郎; also known as Ganryū Kojirō; c. 1585 – April 13, 1612) was a Japanese swordsman who may have lived during the Azuchi–Momoyama and early Edo periods and is known primarily for the story of his duel with Miyamoto Musashi in 1612, where Sasaki was killed. Although suffering from defeat as well as death at the hands of Musashi, he is a revered and respected warrior in Japanese history and culture. Later, Miyamoto proclaimed that Sasaki Kojirō was the strongest opponent he faced in his life.

Swordsmanship
Swordsmanship or sword fighting refers to the skills and techniques used in combat and training with any type of sword. The term is modern, and as such was mainly used to refer to smallsword fencing, but by extension it can also be applied to any martial art involving the use of a sword. The formation of the English word "swordsman" is parallel to the Latin word gladiator, a term for the professional fighters who fought against each other and a variety of other foes for the entertainment of spectators in the Roman Empire. The word gladiator itself comes from the Latin word gladius, which is a type of sword.
Maria Holic
Maria†Holic (Japanese: まりあ†ほりっく, Hepburn: Maria†Horikku) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Minari Endō, the author of Dazzle. The manga was first serialized in the Japanese seinen manga magazine Monthly Comic Alive on June 27, 2006, and is published by Media Factory. The manga was initially licensed by Tokyopop in North America and picked up by One Peace Books in 2016 after Tokyopop lost the license in 2011. It has also been released digitally by BookWalker, Kadokawa's online digital shopfront. The series follows Kanako Miyamae who just got transferred to an all-girls private Catholic school to find a partner of the same sex.

The first anime adaptation animated by Shaft aired in Japan between January and March 2009. A second anime season, Maria†Holic: Alive, premiered on April 8, 2011. Both seasons of the anime series have been licensed by Sentai Filmworks.

Same-sex relationship
A same-sex relationship, also known as same-gender relationship is a romantic or sexual relationship between people of the same sex or gender.

Some couples in same-sex relationships have children, both biological or non-biological, such as adoptive or foster children, and are parenting them with their partner.

Same-gender or same-sex marriage refers to the institutionalized recognition of such relationships in the form of a marriage; civil unions exist in some countries where same-sex marriage does not.
Politics and government of the Dutch Republic
The Dutch Republic existed from 1579 to 1795 and was a confederation of seven provinces, which had their own governments and were very independent, and a number of so-called Generality Lands. These latter were governed directly by the States-General (Dutch: Staten-Generaal), the federal government. The States-General were seated in The Hague and consisted of representatives of each of the seven provinces.

Dordrecht
Dordrecht (Dutch: [ˈdɔrdrɛxt] ⓘ), historically known in English as Dordt (still colloquially used in Dutch, pronounced [dɔrt] ⓘ) or Dort, is a city and municipality in the Western Netherlands, located in the province of South Holland. It is the province's fifth-largest city after Rotterdam, The Hague, Leiden, and Zoetermeer, with a population of 123,000 (2025).

The municipality covers the entire Dordrecht Island, also often called Het Eiland van Dordt ("the Island of Dordt"), bordered by the rivers Oude Maas, Beneden Merwede, Nieuwe Merwede, Hollands Diep, and Dordtsche Kil. Dordrecht is the largest and most important city in the Drechtsteden and is also part of the Randstad, the main conurbation in the Netherlands.

Dordrecht is the oldest city in Holland and has a rich history and culture.
Llanycrwys
Llanycrwys is a hamlet and community located in Carmarthenshire, Wales. Situated in the historical Cayo Hundred in the Union of Lampeter, it is situated near the River Cothi, and is separated from the parish of Caio by the Afon Twrch, which flows near the St. Davids church. The church is isolated, and was restored in 1892 by C. H. Purday of Ewan Christian, who had a porch on the western side, with a timbered gable.

In 1934, local schoolmaster Daniel Jenkins published Cerddi Ysgol Llanycrwys, a collection of Welsh language poetry written by well-known Welsh poets for the celebration of St. David's Day at Llanycrwys between 1901 and 1920.

The community is bordered by the communities of Cynwyl Gaeo and Pencarreg, both being in Carmarthenshire; and by Llanfair Clydogau in Ceredigion.

Llanfair Clydogau
Llanfair Clydogau is a small village and community encompassing 3,232 hectares (7,990 acres), located about 4 miles (6.4 km) north-east of Lampeter on the B4343 road, in Ceredigion, Wales. It has a population of 634 as of the 2011 UK census, 87.5% of whom are Welsh-speaking, yet only 46% were born in Wales?. Formerly located within the hundred of Moyddyn.

The community is located at the southernmost area of Ceredigion's former lead and silver mines, which until the 1760s were highly productive. Clydogau refers to the River Clydogau or Clywedogau as it was originally spelt. The meaning of "clywedog" is audible, or noisy. The basins of Clywedog-isaf, Clywedog-ganol and Clywedog-uchaf are nearby.
The community includes the hamlet of Cellan.

There are two churches still in regular use, Saint Mary's Parish Church and the Welsh Independent Capel Mair, built in 1825, which is a Grade II listed building. Both churches have recently received improvements.
Hallam Hurt
Hallam Hurt is an American neonatologist. She is "the medical director of Special Babies Clinic and an attending neonatologist at CHOP Newborn Care at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania." As of 2013, she was also a professor of pediatrics at the University of Pennsylvania.

Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) is a children's hospital in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Its primary campus is located in the University City neighborhood of West Philadelphia, next to the University of Pennsylvania. The hospital has 692 beds and more than 1.6 million outpatient and inpatient visits annually. It is one of the world's largest and oldest children's hospitals and was the first hospital in the United States dedicated to the healthcare of children.

CHOP has been ranked among the best ten children's hospitals in the United States by U.S. News & World Report since 2009. As of 2024, it was ranked number one in the nation by U.S. News & World Report for two out of eleven specialties. The hospital treats infants, children, teens, and young adults aged 0–21.

The hospital also treats adults who would benefit from advanced pediatric care. Most of its physicians serve in the pediatrics and other specialty departments of the Perelman School of Medicine.