hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Missouri wine
Missouri wine refers to wine made from grapes grown in Missouri. German immigrants in the early-to-mid-19th century founded the wine industry in Missouri, resulting in its wine corridor being called the Missouri "Rhineland". Later, Italian immigrants also contributed to the state's wine production. In the mid-1880s, wine was produced by volume in Missouri more than in any other state and just before Prohibition, Missouri was the nation's second-largest wine-producing state. Missouri had the nation's first American Viticultural Area (AVA) established on June 20, 1980 named Augusta. There are now ~four~ five American Viticultural Areas associated with Missouri: Augusta AVA, Hermann AVA, Ozark Highlands AVA, Ozark Mountain AVA, and the Loess Hills District AVA which extends into northwestern Missouri. In 2017 there were 125 wineries operating in the state of Missouri, up from 92 in 2009.

Loess Hills District AVA
Loess Hills District is an American Viticultural Area (AVA) located in western Iowa and northwestern Missouri established on March 3, 2016, by the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB), Treasury after reviewing the petition submitted by Shirley Frederiksen, on behalf of the Western Iowa Grape Growers Association and the Golden Hills Resource Conservation and Development organization proposing the establishment of the "Loess Hills District."  The district is a long, narrow north–south orientated swath of land along the Big Sioux and Missouri Rivers, covering 12,897 square miles (8,254,080 acres) from Hawarden, Iowa, to Craig, Missouri. There are approximately 66 commercially-producing vineyards covering a total of 112 acres (45 ha) distributed throughout the AVA, along with 13 wineries. Loess Hills District is not a sub-region within any established AVA.
Frederick F. Russell
Brigadier General Frederick Fuller Russell (1870 – December 29, 1960) was a U.S. Army physician who perfected a typhoid vaccine in 1909. In 1911, a typhoid vaccination program was carried out to have the entire U.S. Army immunized.  As a direct result of his research, the U.S. Army was the first military to make vaccination a required prophylaxis against typhoid.  The 1911 measure eliminated typhoid as a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among U.S. military personnel.

National Museum of Health and Medicine
The National Museum of Health and Medicine (NMHM) is a museum in Silver Spring, Maryland, near Washington, D.C. The museum was founded by U.S. Army Surgeon General William A. Hammond as the Army Medical Museum (AMM) in 1862; it became the NMHM in 1989 and relocated to its present site at the Army's Forest Glen Annex in 2012. An element of the Defense Health Agency (DHA), the NMHM is a member of the National Health Sciences Consortium.
Bown v. Gwinnett County School District
Bown v. Gwinnett County School District, 112 F.3d 1464 (11th Cir. 1997), refers to an Eleventh Circuit Court case in which the plaintiff, Brian Bown, a school teacher, challenged as an unconstitutional Establishment Clause violation Georgia's law requiring a "Moment of Quiet Reflection". The Court ruled that the Moment of Quiet Reflection was not unconstitutional. The Supreme Court of the United States denied certiorari for an appeal.

Federal Reporter
The Federal Reporter (ISSN 1048-3888) is a case law reporter in the United States that is published by West Publishing and a part of the National Reporter System. It begins with cases decided in 1880; pre-1880 cases were later retroactively compiled by West Publishing into a separate reporter, Federal Cases. The fourth and current Federal Reporter series publishes decisions of the United States courts of appeals and the United States Court of Federal Claims; prior series had varying scopes that covered decisions of other federal courts as well. Though the Federal Reporter is an unofficial reporter and West is a private company that does not have a legal monopoly over the court opinions it publishes, it has so dominated the industry in the United States that legal professionals, including judges, uniformly cite to the Federal Reporter for included decisions.  Approximately 30 new volumes are published each year.
Dubai Fountain
The Dubai Fountain contains a choreographed fountain system located on the 12-hectare (30-acre) artificial Burj Khalifa Lake, at the center of the Downtown Dubai development in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. It was designed by WET Design, a California-based company also responsible for the fountains at the Bellagio Hotel Lake in Las Vegas. Illuminated by 6,600 lights and 25 colored projectors, it is 275 m (902 ft) long and shoots water up to 500 ft (152.4 m) into the air accompanied by a range of classical to contemporary Arabic and world music. It was built at a cost of Dhs 800 million (US$218 million). As of 2025, it is the world's largest choreographed fountain.

United Arab Emirates dirham
The Emirati dirham (symbol: ; currency code: AED; /ˈdɪər(h)əm/;) Arabic: درهم إماراتي, abbreviation: د.إ in Arabic, Dh; is the official currency of the United Arab Emirates. The dirham is subdivided into 100 fils (فلس). It is pegged to the United States dollar at a constant exchange rate of approximately 3.67 AED to 1 USD. In March 2025, the UAE Central Bank announced the creation of a Dirham currency symbol, , derived from the Latin letter D crossed with two horizontal lines.
John Shaw (broadcaster)
John Shaw (15 August 1957 – 25 November 2013) was an English radio broadcaster, specialising in music and sports commentating.

Shaw was born in the city of Lincoln (county town of Lincolnshire) and was brought up in the village of Wymeswold, Leicestershire. He was educated at Wymeswold School, Loughborough Grammar School, and Keble College, Oxford. At Oxford University, he was a member of the Oxford University Broadcasting Society. His career was spent as a music and sports broadcaster, especially cricket commentary,
or BBC radio stations such as Radio Nottingham and Radio Leicester, as well independent stations such as Radio Trent (later Trent FM). He died after a short illness (leptospirosis), aged 56.

John Shaw has been likened to the broadcaster John Peel (a great influence of his) in his musical eclecticism and breadth of knowledge. A 3-hour tribute radio programme for John Shaw, including members of the band Fairport Convention, was broadcast on 20 January 2014.

Oxford University Broadcasting Society
The Oxford University Broadcasting Society (OUBS) was a student society at the University of Oxford, England. It covered radio and television broadcasting.

The officers include a president, secretary, treasurer, programme coordinator, technical director, news editor, social secretary, and two ordinary committee members. Equipment included a Uher 4000L portable tape recorder.
Hanse Law School
The Hanse Law School is a project of two universities, and was established in 2002. The University of Bremen and the Carl-von-Ossietzky University of Oldenburg jointly offer a bachelor's degree in Comparative and European Law and a master's degree in Transnational Law.

According to the University of Oldenburg website, the School works in close collaboration with the University of Groningen in the Netherlands and shortly (as ay July 2024) with the University of Le Havre in France.

The degree courses are intended to prepare students for the international market and do not prepare students directly for employment in the German judicial system.

Le Havre Normandy University
Le Havre Normandy University (French: Université Le Havre Normandie) is a French university located in Le Havre. Along with five other schools, Le Havre Normandy University is a member of Normandy University, an association of universities and higher education institutions.
Horsefly Lake
Horsefly Lake is a lake in the eastern Cariboo region of the Central Interior of British Columbia, Canada. With a maximum depth of 632 feet (193 m), it is one of the Cariboo's deepest lakes.  It lies at the head of the little Horsefly River, a tributary of the Horsefly River, and is one of several large lakes at the verge of the Cariboo Plateau (W) and the Cariboo Mountains (E); Quesnel Lake, the largest of those, is to its north and northwest.  The lake's name first appeared on maps with Joseph Trutch's 1871 publication, and is credited with being so named because of the preponderance of horseflies in the area during summer.

Horsefly Lake Provincial Park is located on its northwestern shore.

Joseph Trutch
Sir Joseph William Trutch, KCMG (18 January 1826 – 2 March 1904) was a Canadian civil engineer, land surveyor, and politician who served as the first Lieutenant Governor of the Confederated British Columbia.

Streets, towns and residences in Vancouver, Victoria and Richmond used to be named after him, with movements occurring in the 21st century that had his name removed.
1926 Greek parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Greece on 7 November 1926. The Liberal Union emerged as the largest faction in Parliament with 108 of the 286 seats. The composition of the new parliament meant that the parties and factions had to work together to form a viable parliamentary government. On Kafandaris' initiative, negotiations began among the main parties, leading to the swearing-in on the 4 December of a government under the premiership of Alexandros Zaimis who was not a member of parliament. The coalition consisted of the Liberal Union, the Democratic Union, the People's Party and the Freethinkers' Party. This government came to be known as the "Ecumenical government".

National unity government
A national unity government, government of national unity (GNU), or national union government is a broad coalition government consisting of all parties (or all major parties) in the legislature, usually formed during a time of war or other national emergency. A unity government according to the principles of consensus democracy lacks opposition, or opposition parties are too small and negligible.
Wild (Beach House song)
"Wild" is a song by American dream pop band Beach House from their fourth studio album Bloom (2012). It was released as a promotional single on October 29, 2012, through Bella Union. "Wild" is the oldest song written for the album, being done by lead vocalist and songwriter Victoria Legrand while they were mixing their previous album Teen Dream (2010).

"Wild" received positive reviews from critics. The song peaked at number 52 on the Ultratip Bubbling Under chart for Belgium's Flanders region and was regularly performed while touring throughout 2012, with an additional live performance on Late Night with Jimmy Fallon in July 2012. An accompanying music video was released on November 14, 2012, which was directed by Johan Renck and features a compiled series of "intense moments".

Alex Scally
Alex Kristian Scally (born July 15, 1982) is an American multi-instrumentalist and songwriter. He is known as the co-writer, guitarist and backing vocalist of the dream pop band Beach House, with whom he has recorded eight studio albums.
Biggleswade Castle
Biggleswade Castle was a castle in the market town of Biggleswade in Bedfordshire.

The existence of this castle was discovered by aerial photography, in 1954, which showed the remains of a motte and bailey castle with a double ditch around the motte and a single ditch around the bailey.

Some excavation of the site was done in 1962 and 1968. The excavations found evidence of timber structures, as well as pottery.

Only cropmarks and slight earthworks remain. This site is a Scheduled Monument.

Earthworks (archaeology)
In archaeology, earthworks are artificial changes in land level, typically made from piles of artificially placed or sculpted rocks and soil. Earthworks can themselves be archaeological features, or they can show features beneath the surface.
The Rialto Report
The Rialto Report is a podcast and article series documenting the Golden Age of Porn (1969–1984). It consists of oral history, audio, photo, and documentary archives. It is hosted by Ashley West and April Hall as well as guest contributors such as academics and writers with insight into the subjects covered. The series has interviewed notable golden age participants such as Ginger Lynn, Sharon Mitchell, Kay Parker, Jeff Stryker and Jennifer Welles. Starting in 2013, The Rialto Report podcast was initially released weekly but in 2015 shifted to a roughly monthly schedule.

Hosts West and Hall served as consultants to the HBO show The Deuce and as consulting producers on the Netflix show Crime Scene: The Times Square Killer.

Crime Scene: The Times Square Killer
Crime Scene: The Times Square Killer is a 2021 American limited docuseries made for Netflix and directed by Joe Berlinger. It is the second installment in the Crime Scene documentary series, following Crime Scene: The Vanishing at the Cecil Hotel. Its story focuses on the series of 1970s-1980s murders that were carried out by American serial killer Richard Cottingham, also known as the Times Square Killer and the Torso Killer. The series was released on December 29, 2021.
Congregation Beth Am
Congregation Beth Am (Hebrew: בית עם, lit. 'People's House') is a Reform Jewish congregation and synagogue, located in Los Altos Hills, California, in the United States.

The congregation is a member of the Union for Reform Judaism.

Beth Am has a sister congregation in Poltava, Ukraine, also known as Beth Am. Beth Am has a program aimed at helping emigrant families from the former Soviet Union. Two congregation members have won Nobel Prizes.

Union for Reform Judaism
The Union for Reform Judaism (URJ), formerly known as the Union of American Hebrew Congregations (UAHC) until 2003, founded in 1873 by Rabbi Isaac Mayer Wise, is the congregational arm of Reform Judaism in North America. The other two arms established by Rabbi Wise are the Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion and the Central Conference of American Rabbis. The current president of the URJ is Rabbi Rick Jacobs.

The URJ has an estimated constituency of some 880,000 registered adults in 819 congregations. It claims to represent 2.2 million, as over a third of adult American Jews, including many who are not synagogue members, state affinity with Reform, making it the largest Jewish denomination.  The UAHC was a founding member of the World Union for Progressive Judaism, of which the URJ is the largest constituent by far.
2021 New Zealand bravery awards
The 2021 New Zealand bravery awards were announced via a Special Honours List on 16 December 2021. The awards recognised the bravery of 10 people in connection with the Christchurch mosque shootings on 15 March 2019.

Crown Honours Lists
Crown Honours Lists are lists of honours conferred upon citizens of the Commonwealth realms. The awards are presented by or in the name of the reigning monarch, currently King Charles III, or his vice-regal representative.
Gangjong of Goryeo
Gangjong (Korean: 강종; Hanja: 康宗; 10 May 1152 – 26 August 1213), personal name Wang O (왕오; 王祦), was the 22nd ruler of the Korean Goryeo dynasty. He was the eldest son of King Myeongjong.

Gangjong was confirmed as heir in 1173. In 1197, he and his father were driven to Ganghwado by the military leader Ch'oe Ch'ung-hŏn. In 1210 Gangjong returned to the capital, and he was given a royal title by his uncle King Huijong in the following year. After Ch'oe drove Huijong from power that year, Gangjong was placed on the throne. Gangjong was essentially a puppet of General Ch'oe during his reign, and was succeeded by his son Gojong after ruling Goryeo for two years.

Gangjong's tomb is located outside the old Goryeo capital, in modern-day Hyŏnhwa-ri, Kaepung-gun, South Hwanghae Province, North Korea.

South Hwanghae Province
South Hwanghae Province (Hwanghaenamdo; Korean pronunciation: [ɸwaŋ.ɦɛ.nam.do], lit. "south Yellow Sea province") is a province in western North Korea. The province was formed in 1954 when the former Hwanghae Province was split into North and South Hwanghae. The provincial capital is Haeju.
Shavian alphabet
The Shavian alphabet (/ˈʃeɪviən/ SHAY-vee-ən; also known as the Shaw alphabet) is a constructed alphabet conceived as a way to provide simple, phonemic orthography for the English language to replace the inefficiencies and difficulties of conventional spelling using the Latin alphabet. It was posthumously funded by and named after the playwright George Bernard Shaw and designed by Ronald Kingsley Read, a professional signwriter and letterer.

Shaw set three main criteria for the new alphabet:

at least 40 letters (it ended up with 48, including ligatures);

as phonetic as possible (that is, letters should have a 1:1 correspondence to phonemes);

distinct from the Latin alphabet (to avoid the impression that the new spellings were simply misspellings).

Lettering
Lettering or handlettering is a term for artfully drawing letters, instead of writing them simply. Each letter is created with attention to detail and has a unique role within a composition. Lettering is created as an image, with letters that are meant to be used in a unique configuration. Lettering words do not always translate into alphabets that can later be used in a typeface, since they are created with a specific word in mind.
Lesley Joseph (tennis)
Lesley Joseph (born September 14, 1981) is an American former professional tennis player.

Born in Rock Hill, South Carolina, Joseph was the first African-American to play collegiate tennis for the University of Georgia, where he was a three-time All-SEC. He was a member of Georgia's 2001 NCAA Division I Championship winning team, with his contribution in the final a win at number three singles over Peter Handoyo.

Joseph reached a career high singles ranking of 243 in the world while competing on the professional tour. He made it through to the final qualifying round of the 2006 Australian Open and also featured in the qualifying draws for Wimbledon and the US Open. As a doubles player he had a best ranking of 257 and won two ATP Challenger titles.

2001 NCAA Division I men's tennis championships
The 2001 NCAA Division I men's tennis championships were the 55th annual championships to determine the national champions of NCAA Division I men's singles, doubles, and team collegiate tennis in the United States.

Hosts Georgia defeated Tennessee in the championship final, 4–1, to claim the Bulldog's fourth team national title. Georgia thus completed a sweep of all three men's titles: team, singles, and doubles.
Humdinger
Humdinger can refer to:

Humdinger (computer), an 8 bit color computer from 1983

The Humdinger, a 2008 album by US rap group Nappy Roots

Humdinger, a 2002 album by American soul and R&B singer Aaron Neville

Humdinger, a 2006 album by Irish banjo player Enda Scahill and The Brock McGuire Band

The Humdingers, a musical group that became the American doo-wop and R&B group The Showmen

The Humdingers, an a capella musical group formed by Joe Oliva prior to The Essentials

Humdinger, a 1997 album  by The Hoax, a group led by Robin Davey

"Humdinger", a song by J. J. Cale from the album Travel-Log

Humdinger, a brand of beer made by Joseph Holt's Brewery, England

Mayor Humdinger, a character from Paw Patrol

The Canary Effect
The Canary Effect is a 2006 documentary film that looks into the effects that the United States and its policies have on the Indigenous peoples (Native Americans) who are residents. It premiered at the Tribeca Film Festival and won the Stanley Kubrick Award at the 2006 Traverse City Film Festival.

The movie was directed by Robin Davey and Yellow Thunder Woman, who are both members of LA Based alternative pop group The Bastard Fairies. The film's soundtrack was composed by guitarist Paul Pesco. The documentary was released on DVD in 2008.
Tyler Holmes
Tyler Holmes (born July 24, 1988) is a Canadian former professional football offensive lineman who played for the Toronto Argonauts of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He played college football for the Tulsa Golden Hurricane.

Tulsa Golden Hurricane football
The Tulsa Golden Hurricane football program represents the University of Tulsa in college football at the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) level.  Tulsa has competed in the American Athletic Conference (The American) since the 2014 season and was previously a member of Conference USA (C-USA). The team is led by head coach Tre Lamb. Tulsa plays its home games at Skelly Field at H. A. Chapman Stadium in Tulsa, Oklahoma.  The University of Tulsa has the smallest undergraduate enrollment of all schools that participate at the FBS level.
Hubert de Sevrac
Hubert de Sevrac, a Romance of the Eighteenth Century (1796) is a Gothic novel by the celebrity actress and poet Mary Robinson. Its protagonists are a fictional French aristocrat Hubert de Sevrac and his daughter Sabina, who experience a series of dramatic travails after fleeing the French Revolution. Murders, kidnappings, and mistaken identities form the background of Hubert's gradual acceptance of revolutionary ideals. Robinson uses the novel to advocate for egalitarian social reform, including legal rights for women and a rejection of duelling. Hubert de Sevrac was influenced by the Gothic novels of Ann Radcliffe, Charlotte Smith, and William Godwin, but it was not as well received and marked the beginning of Robinson's decline in popularity as a novelist.

Sentimental novel
The sentimental novel or the novel of sensibility is an  18th- and 19th-century literary genre  that presents and celebrates the concepts of sentiment, sentimentalism, and sensibility. Sentimentalism, which is to be distinguished from sensibility, was a fashion in both poetry and prose fiction beginning in the eighteenth century in reaction to the rationalism of the Augustan Age.

Sentimental novels relied on emotional response, both from their readers and characters. They feature scenes of distress and tenderness, and the plot is arranged to advance both emotions and actions. The result is a valorization of "fine feeling", displaying the characters as a model for refined, sensitive emotional effect. The ability to display feelings was thought to show character and experience, and to shape social life and relations.
2023 MTV MIAW Awards
The 10th Annual MTV MIAW Awards took place on August 4, 2023, at the Pepsi Center WTC in Mexico City, to recognize the best in Latin American pop culture of 2023. It was broadcast live on MTV Latin America, as well as on TikTok and Paramount+ on August 6, 2023, the red carpet was available on Pluto TV. The ceremony was hosted by Puerto Rican singer Guaynaa and Mexican influencer Domelipa.

The nominations were announced on July 4, 2023. Regional Mexican singer Peso Pluma received the most nominations with nine, followed by Rauw Alejandro, Bad Bunny and Rosalía, each with six. Mexican singers Kenia Os, Peso Pluma and Kim Loaiza, and Mexican streamer Rivers, all received the most awards with two wins each.

Samy Rivers
Samantha Rivera Treviño (born August 20, 1998), better known as Samy Rivers or simply Rivers, is a Mexican online streamer and YouTuber. In 2023, she became the most viewed female streamer on Twitch worldwide, streaming under the rivers_gg tag.
Hanriot H.46 Styx
The Hanriot H.46 Styx was a French, single-engined, parasol wing aircraft which could equally be configured for training,  liaison or ambulance roles; in the latter form it was able to accept a patient on a stretcher. Several different engines were fitted and flown but the type did not reach production.

Trainer aircraft
A trainer is a class of aircraft designed specifically to facilitate flight training of pilots and aircrews. The use of a dedicated trainer aircraft with additional safety features—such as tandem flight controls, forgiving flight characteristics and a simplified cockpit arrangement—allows pilots-in-training to safely advance their skills in a more forgiving aircraft.

Civilian pilots are normally trained in a light aircraft, with two or more seats to allow for a student and instructor.