hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rajani Kannepalli Kanth
Rajani Kannepalli Kanth is a professor, economist, philosopher, and  social thinker. Though born in India, he is a U.S. citizen and has resided overseas for most of his life. His major research interests lie in the fields of Economics, Social Theory and Policy, and Women's Issues. His works have received positive endorsements from iconic intellectuals such as Ravi Batra, Roy Bhaskar, Noam Chomsky, Geoff Harcourt, Robert Heilbroner, John M. Hobson, Jonathan Joseph, Tony Lawson, Ali Mazrui, John McMurtry, Roger Owen, Warren Samuels, Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak,  Paul Sweezy, and Immanuel Wallerstein. He has, across plus-three decades, taught in the areas of Anthropology, Sociology, Political Science, History, Economics, and Philosophy. He currently serves as the Trustee of the World Peace Congress that he founded in Salt Lake City, Utah, in 2007.  He has also served as an advisor to the United Nations in New York, aside from being on the faculty of major universities around the world.

Ali Mazrui
Ali Al'amin Mazrui (24 February 1933 – 12 October 2014), was a Kenyan-born American academic, professor, and political writer on African and Islamic studies, and North-South relations. He was born in Mombasa, Kenya. His positions included Director of the Institute of Global Cultural Studies at Binghamton University in Binghamton, New York, and Director of the Center for Afro-American and African Studies at the University of Michigan. He produced the 1980s television documentary series The Africans: A Triple Heritage.
J. Clifford Hudson
J. Clifford Hudson (born 1954, Dallas) is an American business executive best known for serving as chairman of the board and chief executive officer of Oklahoma City-based Sonic Corp. He also served as a trustee of the Ford Foundation and is a past chairman of the board of the National Trust for Historic Preservation. From 1994-2001, he served as Board Chair of the Securities Investor Protection Corporation, to which he was appointed by President Bill Clinton.  Today, he is a founder and managing director of DIA Equity Partners.

National Trust for Historic Preservation
The National Trust for Historic Preservation is a privately funded, nonprofit organization based in Washington, D.C., that works in the field of historic preservation in the United States. The member-supported organization was founded in 1949 by congressional charter to support the preservation of America’s diverse historic buildings, neighborhoods, and heritage through its programs, resources, and advocacy.
Factorial moment generating function
In probability theory and statistics, the factorial moment generating function (FMGF) of the probability distribution of a real-valued random variable X is defined as

for all complex numbers t for which this expected value exists. This is the case at least for all t on the unit circle , see characteristic function. If X is a discrete random variable taking values only in the set {0,1, ...} of non-negative integers, then  is also called probability-generating function (PGF) of X and  is well-defined at least for all t on the closed unit disk .

The factorial moment generating function generates the factorial moments of the probability distribution.
Provided  exists in a neighbourhood of t = 1, the nth factorial moment is given by

where the Pochhammer symbol (x)n is the falling factorial

(Many mathematicians, especially in the field of special functions, use the same notation to represent the rising factorial.)

Closed set
In geometry, topology, and related branches of mathematics, a closed set is a set whose complement is an open set. In a topological space, a closed set can be defined as a set which contains all its limit points. In a complete metric space, a closed set is a set which is closed under the limit operation. This should not be confused with closed manifold.

Sets that are both open and closed are called clopen sets.
Aoife O'Connor
Aoife O'Connor was a camogie player for Wexford County, Winner of All-Ireland Senior medals in 2007, 2010 and 2011 and captain of the Wexford team that won the National Camogie League in 2009 on the week that she married.

A gaeilgeoir, she has appeared on the analysis panels of TG4 and Nemeton TV on sporting occasions.

TG4
TG4 (/ˌtiː dʒiː ˈkæhər/; Irish: TG Ceathair, pronounced [ˌtʲeːɟeː ˈcahəɾʲ]) is an Irish free-to-air public service television channel. It launched on 31 October 1996 and is available online and through its on-demand service TG4 Player in Ireland and beyond.

TG4 was initially known as Teilifís na Gaeilge (TnaG), before being renamed in 1999. It was the third national station to be launched in Ireland, after RTÉ One in 1961 (as Teilifís Éireann) and RTÉ Two in 1978. It was followed by a fourth channel, TV3 (now called Virgin Media One), in 1998.

On average 1.2m people watch TG4 in the Republic of Ireland every week. 650,000 viewers tune into the channel each day. It has a 2% share of the national television market in the Republic of Ireland and 3% of the national television market in Northern Ireland. The daily Irish-language programme schedule is its core service: seven hours of programming in Irish supported by a wide range of material in other languages, mostly English and French.
Andries Stockenström
Sir Andries Stockenström, 1st Baronet, (6 July 1792 in Cape Town – 16 March 1864 in London) was lieutenant governor of the Eastern Province of the Cape Colony from 13 September 1836 to 9 August 1838.

His efforts in restraining colonists from moving into Xhosa lands served to make him immensely unpopular among the settlers of the Cape Colony frontier. As a historical figure, he long remained controversial in South Africa for supposedly hindering colonisation, and pro-imperialist histories have traditionally vilified him. However his relatively far-sighted and respectful policies towards the Xhosa have increasingly gained recognition in modern South Africa.

On Stockenström's legacy, historian Christopher Saunders concluded: "No man in the 19th century Cape had greater breadth of vision, none gained the respect of a wider constituency, black as well as white."

Uitenhage
Uitenhage (/ˈjuːtənheɪɡ/ YOO-tən-hayg; Afrikaans: [œitənˈɦɑːχə]), officially renamed Kariega, is a South African town in the Eastern Cape Province. It is well known for the Volkswagen factory located there, which is the biggest car factory on the African continent. Along with the city of Port Elizabeth and the small town of Despatch, it forms part of the Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality.
Gliadorphin-7
Gliadorphin-7 (also known as gluteomorphin) is an opioid peptide that is formed during digestion of the gliadin component of the gluten protein. It is usually broken down into amino acids by digestion enzymes. It has been hypothesized that children with autism have abnormal leakage from the gut of this compound. This is partly the basis for the gluten-free, casein-free diet. Abnormally high levels of gliadorphin have been found in the urine of autistic children via mass spectrometry testing.

Gliadin
Gliadin (a type of prolamin) is a class of proteins present in wheat and several other cereals within the grass genera Triticum and Hordeum. Gliadins, which are a component of gluten, are essential for giving bread the ability to rise properly during baking. Gliadins and glutenins are the two main components of the gluten fraction of the wheat seed. This gluten is found in products such as wheat flour. Gluten is split about evenly between the gliadins and glutenins, although there are variations found in different sources.

Neither gliadins nor glutenins are water-soluble, but gliadins are soluble in 70% aqueous ethanol. There are three main types of gliadin (α, γ, and ω), to which the body is intolerant in coeliac (or celiac) disease. Diagnosis of this disease has recently been improving.

Gliadin can cross the intestinal epithelium. Breast milk of healthy human mothers who eat gluten-containing foods presents high levels of non-degraded gliadin.
Tsotsi (novel)
Tsotsi is the only novel written by South African playwright Athol Fugard (1932–2025). It was published in 1980 although written some time earlier, and it was the basis of the 2005 film of the same name. It has been republished in several editions including in 2019 by Canongate (ISBN 978-1786896155).

In 2022 it was selected as one of the 70 books in the Big Jubilee Read, a celebration of writing by Commonwealth writers for the Platinum Jubilee of Elizabeth II.

Canongate Books
Canongate Books (trading as Canongate) is an independent publishing firm based in Edinburgh, Scotland.

It is named after the Canongate area of the city. It is most recognised for publishing the Booker Prize winning novel Life of Pi (2001). Canongate was named the British Book Awards Publisher of the Year in 2003 and 2009.
Henbury Loop Line
The Henbury Loop Line, also known as the Filton to Avonmouth Line, is a railway line following the boundary between Bristol and South Gloucestershire between the Severn Beach Line at Hallen Marsh Junction, Avonmouth and the Cross Country Route/South Wales Main Line at Filton. It is currently only used for freight.

Avonmouth
Avonmouth (/ˈeɪ.vənmaʊθ/ AY-vən-mowth) is a port and outer suburb of Bristol, England, on the north bank of the mouth of the River Avon and the eastern shore of the Severn Estuary. Part of the Port of Bristol, Avonmouth Docks is important to the region's maritime economy, hosting large vessels for the unloading and exporting of heavier goods. Much of the land use is industrial, including warehousing, light industry, electrical power and sanitation. The M5 motorway bisects the neighbourhood, with junctions onto the A4 road and M49 motorway, and it has stations on the Severn Beach Line railway.

Avonmouth is part of the Bristol City Council electoral ward of Avonmouth and Lawrence Weston, which also includes Shirehampton and the western end of Lawrence Weston.
William C. Abbott
William C. Abbott was an American politician born circa 1817. He worked as a lawyer in Maryland. He later moved to Texas. After George Tyler Wood resigned the District 7 seat in the Texas Senate, Abbott was elected to office, but never took the seat during the First Texas Legislature. Abbott was sworn in on December 14, 1847 and remained in office until November 5, 1847. He died in Liberty, Texas, on September 16, 1863.

Liberty, Texas
Liberty is a city in the U.S. state of Texas, within Liberty County. The population was 8,279 at the 2020 census. It serves as the county seat of Liberty County.

Liberty is the third oldest city in the state—established in 1831 on the banks of the Trinity River. The city also has a twin of the Liberty Bell from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Its area code is 936 and its ZIP code is 77575.
WGCI-FM
WGCI-FM (107.5 MHz) is an urban contemporary radio station that is licensed to Chicago, Illinois, serving the Chicago metropolitan area and Northwest Indiana.  It is owned and operated by iHeartMedia (formerly known as Clear Channel Communications until September 2014).

WGCI broadcasts with 3,700 watts (3.7 kilowatts) from atop the Willis Tower in Downtown Chicago, and has studios located in the Illinois Center complex on Michigan Avenue.  Like many Clear Channel-owned urban radio stations, it uses the slogan "Chicago's #1 For Hip Hop and R&B".

In 2005, WGCI began broadcasting in IBOC digital radio, using the HD Radio system from iBiquity; an HD2 subchannel currently runs iHeart's TikTok Radio CHR service, exclusively focused on songs popular on the app.

IBiquity
iBiquity Digital Corporation was a company formed by the merger of USA Digital Radio and Lucent Digital Radio. Based in Columbia, Maryland, with additional offices in Basking Ridge, New Jersey, Los Angeles, California, and Auburn Hills, Michigan, iBiquity was a privately held intellectual properties company with investors in the technology, broadcasting, manufacturing, media, and financial industries.
David Lorrimer
David Lorrimer (16 January 1865 – 12 November 1925) was an English cricketer.  Lorrimer was a right-handed batsman.  He was born at Leicester.

Lorrimer made his first-class debut for Leicestershire against Warwickshire in 1894 at Grace Road (a match in which his brother, Alexander, also made his first-class debut).  He made eight further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Dublin University in 1895. In his nine matches he scored 194 runs at an average of 12.12, with a high score of 46.

He died at Boscombe, Hampshire, on 12 November 1925.

Grace Road
Grace Road, known for sponsorship reasons as the Uptonsteel County Ground, Grace Road, is a cricket ground in Leicester, England. It is the home ground and administrative base of Leicestershire County Cricket Club.
Aldo Rustichini
Aldo Rustichini is an Italian-born American economist, academic and researcher. He is a professor of economics at University of Minnesota, where is also associated with the Interdisciplinary Center for Cognitive Sciences.

Rustichini has worked on several research areas relating to economics, including decision theory, game theory, general equilibrium theory, neuroscience and economics, experimental economics, and behavioral economics. He has also conducted research on political economy, microeconomic theory, economic dynamics, macroeconomics and models of bounded rationality.

Rustichini is a fellow of the Econometric Society and a Council Member of the Game Theory Society.

Experimental economics
Experimental economics is the application of experimental methods to study economic questions. Data collected in experiments are used to estimate effect size, test the validity of economic theories, and illuminate market mechanisms. Economic experiments usually use cash to motivate subjects, in order to mimic real-world incentives. Experiments are used to help understand how and why markets and other exchange systems function as they do. Experimental economics have also expanded to understand institutions and the law (experimental law and economics).

A fundamental aspect of the subject is design of experiments. Experiments may be conducted in the field or in laboratory settings, whether of individual or group behavior.

Variants of the subject outside such formal confines include natural and quasi-natural experiments.
Family law of Singapore
The Family law of Singapore deals with several family legal issues in Singapore. It deals with adoptions, divorce, children's issues, division of matrimonial property, personal protection orders, probate and maintenance. The family court in Singapore oversees these legal issues.
Singapore has two separate and different sets of family law: one for Muslims and the other for everyone else.  Family law for Muslims is codified in the Administration of Muslim Law Act (AMLA).  Family law for non-Muslims is codified in the Women's Charter. The  Family Justice Courts of Singapore (FJC) handles all family cases.

Women's Charter
The Women's Charter 1961 is an Act of the Singaporean Parliament passed in 1961. The Act was designed to improve and protect the rights of women in Singapore and to guarantee greater legal equality for women in legally sanctioned relationships (except in the area of Muslims marriages, which are governed separately by the Administration of Muslim Law Act). Among other things, the Act provides for the institution of monogamous marriages, the rights of husbands and wives in marriage, the protection of the family, and the legal potentialities with regard to divorce and separation.
1937 Allan Cup
The 1937 Allan Cup was the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association (CAHA) national senior ice hockey championship for the 1936–37 season. The Sudbury Tigers defeated the North Battleford Beavers 3 games to 2.

Canadian Amateur Hockey Association
The Canadian Amateur Hockey Association (CAHA; French: Association canadienne de hockey amateur) was the national governing body of amateur ice hockey in Canada from 1914 until 1994, when it merged with Hockey Canada. Its jurisdiction included senior ice hockey leagues and the Allan Cup, junior ice hockey leagues and the Memorial Cup, amateur minor ice hockey leagues in Canada, and choosing the representative of the Canada men's national ice hockey team.
Thomas Fraser (New Zealand cricketer)
Thomas Campbell Fraser (29 October 1917 – 20 May 1998) was a New Zealand cricketer. He played fourteen first-class matches for Otago between the 1937–38 season and 1952–53 season.

Fraser was born at Dunedin in 1917 and worked as the managing director of a company. Following his death in 1997 obituaries were published in the New Zealand Cricket Almanack and, the following year, in Wisden.

Wisden Cricketers' Almanack
Wisden Cricketers' Almanack, or simply Wisden, colloquially the Bible of Cricket, is a cricket reference book published annually in the United Kingdom. The description "Bible of cricket" (or variations thereof) has been applied to Wisden since the early 1900s.

Between 1998 and 2005, an Australian edition of Wisden was published. An Indian version, edited by Suresh Menon, was produced annually from 2013 to 2018, but discontinued following the publication of a combined 2019 and 2020 issue.
French ship Agamemnon
Agamemnon was a 74-gun Téméraire-class ship of the line built for the French Navy during the first decade of the 19th century. Completed in 1812, she played a minor role in the Napoleonic Wars, notably taking part in the action of 5 November 1813. During the Bourbon Restoration, she was razéed into a 58-gun frigate and renamed Amphitrite.

Bourbon Restoration in France
The Bourbon Restoration was the period of French history during which the House of Bourbon returned to power after the fall of Napoleon Bonaparte in 1814 and 1815. Exiled supporters of the monarchy returned to France, which had been profoundly changed by the French Revolution. Exhausted by the Napoleonic Wars, the kingdom experienced a period of internal and external peace, stable economic prosperity and the preliminaries of industrialisation. The July Revolution of 1830 effectively ended the restoration during the reign of Charles X, brother of the late King Louis XVI, leading to the July Monarchy and eventually the French Second Republic.
Førde Fjord
Førde Fjord (English) or Førdefjorden (Norwegian) is a fjord in Vestland county, Norway. It is the longest of all the fjords in the traditional district of Sunnfjord. Førdefjorden passes through Sunnfjord Municipality, Askvoll Municipality, and Kinn Municipality. The fjord begins at the town of Førde, at the estuary of the river Jølstra, which comes from the lake Jølstravatn. The island of Svanøya lies just outside the mouth of the fjord. There are roads along the shoreline on both the north and south sides of the fjord, and the European route E39 highway runs past the town of Førde, near the fjord.

Short ton
The short ton (abbreviation: tn or st), also known as the US ton, is a measurement unit equal to 2,000 pounds (907.18 kg). It is commonly used in the United States, where it is known simply as a ton; however, the term is ambiguous, the single word "ton" being variously used for short, long, and metric tons.

The various tons are defined as units of mass. They are sometimes used as units of  weight, the force exerted by a mass at standard gravity (e.g., short ton-force). One short ton exerts a weight at one standard gravity of 2,000 pound-force (lbf).
Conway River (New Zealand)
The Conway River is part of the traditional boundary between the Canterbury and Marlborough regions in the South Island of New Zealand.

It arises in the Amuri Range near Palmer Saddle and runs for 30 kilometres (19 mi) south-east through the Hundalee Hills at the south end of the Seaward Kaikōura Mountains before turning north-east and reaching the Pacific Ocean 30 km (19 mi) south of Kaikōura. The Charwell River is a tributary. It was probably named after the River Conwy in North Wales, as this was the origin of Thomas Hanmer, an owner of Hawkeswood Station near this river during the 1850s.

Marlborough District
41°53′S 173°40′E﻿ / ﻿41.883°S 173.667°E﻿ / -41.883; 173.667

Marlborough District or the Marlborough Region (Māori: Te Tauihu-o-te-waka, or Tauihu), commonly known simply as Marlborough, is one of the 16 regions of New Zealand, located on the northeast of the South Island. It is administered by Marlborough District Council, a unitary authority, performing the functions of both a territorial authority and a regional council. The council is based at Blenheim, the largest town. The unitary region has a population of 50,800 (June 2025). It borders the Nelson Region and Tasman District to the west, and the Canterbury Region to the south.

Marlborough is known for its dry climate, the Marlborough Sounds, and Sauvignon blanc wine. It takes its name from the earlier Marlborough Province, which was named after John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, an English general and statesman.
Australia at the 2011 World Aquatics Championships
Australia competed at the 2011 World Aquatics Championships in Shanghai, China from 16 to 31 July 2011. Australian athletes have competed in every FINA World Aquatics Championships. Swimming Australia sent a total of 97 athletes to the Championships to compete in all 5 sports.

Swimming Australia
Swimming Australia is the peak governing body for competitive swimming in Australia. The body has approximately 100,000 registered members nationally in 1100 clubs across the country, which includes swimmers, coaches, officials, administrators and volunteers. The body oversees the management and development of the sport from the national team at the elite level, the conduct of national and international events, through to grass roots participation.

In 1985, the organisation had approximately 90,000 registered members.
Abu al-Qasim Kashani
Abu al-Qasim Kashani (Persian: ابوالقاسم کاشانی; died after 1324) was a Persian historian from the Abu Tahir family, who was active during the late Ilkhanate era. He is notable for claiming that the vizier of the Ilkhanate, Rashid al-Din Hamadani, had stolen credit for the historical work Jami' al-tawarikh. Although modern scholarship regards Rashid al-Din as the overall author of the work, he is generally considered to have been aided by several assistants, including Kashani.

Kashani's major work is Tarikh-e Oljaytu (History of Öljaitü), covering Öljaitü's reign until his death in 1316. It is there that Kashani makes his allegations against Rashid al-Din. Since Rashid al-Din's account of this ruler in Jami' al-tawarikh is missing, whereas Kashani's work is complete, this gives some credibility to Kashani's claims.

Öljaitü
Öljaitü, also known as Mohammad-e Khodabandeh (24 March 1282 – 16 December 1316), was the eighth Ilkhanid dynasty ruler from 1304 to 1316 in Tabriz, Iran. His name 'Öjaitü' means 'blessed' in the Mongolian language and his last name 'Khodabandeh' means 'God's servant' in the Persian language.

He was the son of the Ilkhan ruler Arghun, brother and successor of Mahmud Ghazan (5th successor of Genghis Khan), and great-grandson of the Ilkhanate founder Hulegu Khan.