hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Juventas New Music Ensemble
The Juventas New Music Ensemble is an instrumental ensemble located in Boston, Massachusetts devoted to performing musical works by emerging composers.  Their programming focuses on composers who actively blur the boundaries between popular musical genres and traditional art music. Since its inception, Juventas has received favorable reviews from several Boston publications.

Art music
Art music (alternatively called classical music, cultivated music, serious music, and canonic music) is music considered to be of high phonoaesthetic value. It typically implies advanced structural and theoretical considerations or a written musical tradition. In this context, the terms "serious" or "cultivated" are frequently used to present a contrast with ordinary, everyday music (i.e. popular and folk music, also called "vernacular music"). Many cultures have art music traditions; in the Western world, the term typically refers to Western classical music.
Secretagogue
In endocrinology, secretagogue is a substance that causes another substance to be secreted. The word contains the suffix -agogue, which refers to something that leads to something else; a secretagogue thus leads to secretion.

One example is gastrin, which stimulates the H/K ATPase in the parietal cells (increased gastric acid production by the stomach). Pentagastrin, a synthetic gastrin, histamine, and acetylcholine are also gastric secretagogues.

Insulin secretagogues, such as sulfonylureas, trigger insulin release by direct action on the KATP channel of the pancreatic beta cells. Blockage of this channel leads to depolarization and secretion of vesicles.

Angiotensin II is a secretagogue for aldosterone from the adrenal gland.

ATP-sensitive potassium channel
An ATP-sensitive potassium channel (or KATP channel) is a type of potassium channel that is gated by intracellular nucleotides, ATP and ADP. ATP-sensitive potassium channels are composed of Kir6.x-type subunits and sulfonylurea receptor (SUR) subunits, along with additional components. KATP channels are widely distributed in plasma membranes; however some may also be found on subcellular membranes. These latter classes of KATP channels can be classified as being either sarcolemmal ("sarcKATP"), mitochondrial ("mitoKATP"), or nuclear ("nucKATP").
The Queen and the Conqueror
The Queen and the Conqueror (Spanish: La reina de Indias y el conquistador), is a Colombian historical drama television series created by Johhny Ortiz, and directed by Camilo Villamizar, and Juan Carlos Vásquez. The series revolves around the history that led to the founding of the city of Cartagena de Indias, of major importance in the Americas. The series is recorded in 4K Ultra-high-definition television. The show is filmed in Colombia, specifically in Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, the banks of the Magdalena River and Palomino, Villa de Leyva, and Santa Fe de Antioquia. It stars Essined Rivera Aponte, and Emmanuel Esparza as the main characters.

The series premiered on streaming on 20 May 2020 on Netflix.

Magdalena River
The Magdalena River (Spanish: Río Magdalena, Spanish pronunciation: [ˈri.o maɣðaˈlena]; less commonly Rio Grande de la Magdalena) is the main river of Colombia, flowing northward about 1,528 kilometres (949 mi) through the western half of the country. It takes its name from the biblical figure Mary Magdalene. It is navigable through much of its lower reaches, in spite of the shifting sand bars at the mouth of its delta, as far as Honda, at the downstream base of its rapids. It flows through the Magdalena River Valley.

Its drainage basin covers a surface of 273,000 square kilometres (105,000 sq mi), which is 24% of the country's area and where 66% of its population lives.
FIS Ski Flying World Championships 2024 – Individual
The 28th edition of the individual competition at the FIS Ski Flying World Championships 2024 was held between 26 and 27 January 2024 in Bad Mitterndorf/Tauplitz, Austria.

Stefan Kraft from Austria won the title of ski flying world champion ahead of Andreas Wellinger and Timi Zajc in three rounds only.

Bad Mitterndorf
Bad Mitterndorf (German: [baːt ˈmiteʁnˌdɔʁf]) is a town in Salzkammergut in the Austrian state of Styria.

Situated between Salzburg and Graz, it is a popular winter sports resort and also as a location for walking and cycling in the summer. Bad Mitterndorf is the site of two health spas with thermal baths, an outdoor swimming pool and other health amenities, cafés and leisure areas. The town hosts a children's club during the holidays. Bad Mitterndorf is also the location of one of the world's five ski flying hills, Kulm. The town is well placed for excursions to Hallstatt, Altaussee and its May narcissus festival, Bad Ischl and the Kaiservilla, and to Salzburg, 95 km away.
Maria Elizabeth Budden
Maria Elizabeth Budden, (née Halsey, c. 1780 – 26 April 1832) was a novelist, translator and writer of didactic children's books, who frequently signed her work "M. E. B." or "A Mother". Her True Stories... series of history books for young people remained popular for many years. Little has come to light about Budden's life.

Didacticism
Didacticism is a philosophy that emphasises instructional and informative qualities in literature, art, and design. In art, design, architecture, and landscape, didacticism is a conceptual approach that is driven by the urgent need to explain.
Water pouring puzzle
Water pouring puzzles (also called water jug problems, decanting problems, measuring puzzles, or Die Hard with a Vengeance puzzles) are a class of puzzle involving a finite collection of water jugs of known integer capacities (in terms of a liquid measure such as liters or gallons).
Initially each jug contains a known integer volume of liquid, not necessarily equal to its capacity.

Puzzles of this type ask how many steps of pouring water from one jug to another (until either one jug becomes empty or the other becomes full) are needed to reach a goal state, specified in terms of the volume of liquid that must be present in some jug or jugs.

By Bézout's identity, such puzzles have solutions if and only if the desired volume is a multiple of the greatest common divisor of all the integer volume capacities of jugs.

Unit of volume
A unit of volume is a unit of measurement for measuring volume or capacity, the extent of an object or space in three dimensions. Units of capacity may be used to specify the volume of fluids or bulk goods, for example water, rice, sugar, grain or flour.
Jarmo Hoogendijk
Jarmo Hoogendijk (born 28 March 1965) is a Dutch former jazz trumpet and flugelhorn player. He performed successfully from the 1980s until 2004, when he ended his active career as a musician. Since then, he has been teaching music at three major Dutch music academies: Royal Conservatoire The Hague, Codarts Jazz Academy Rotterdam and the Amsterdam University of the Arts.

Amsterdam University of the Arts
The Amsterdam University of the Arts (Dutch: Amsterdamse Hogeschool voor de Kunsten) is a Dutch institute for higher professional education located in Amsterdam.

The university consists of:

Academy of Architecture

Academy of Theatre and Dance

Breitner Academy – education in arts

Conservatorium van Amsterdam – music academy

Netherlands Film Academy

Reinwardt Academy – museology studies
Thursophyton
Thursophyton ("plant from Thurso") is a form genus of extinct vascular plants known from anatomically preserved specimens originally described from the Givetian (Middle Devonian) of Scotland, and since reported from other parts of northern Europe. The taxonomic position of Thursophyton has been uncertain; most authors have considered it too imperfectly known to place, or have assigned it to the Lycopodiophyta. Unpublished research suggests similarities with spiny genera of the Zosterophyllopsida.

Middle Devonian
In the geological timescale, the Middle Devonian epoch (from 393.47 ± 0.99 million years ago to 382.31 ± 1.36 million years ago) occurred during the Devonian period, after the end of the Emsian age.

The Middle Devonian epoch is subdivided into two stages: Eifelian and Givetian.
Citrovita
Citrosuco is the largest global producer of orange juice concentrate, with about 45% of the product market in Brazil and 25% in the world.  In addition to juice, sales include industrialized orange by-products such as essential oils and animal feed. The company is headquartered in Matão, Brazil and is a subsidiary of Votorantim Group, a São Paulo-based industrial conglomerate. Citrosuco has offices in Brazil, the United States, Germany, Japan and Belgium. Its main competitor is the Brazilian firm Cutrale.

On May 17, 2010, Citrosuco/Fischer and Citrovita announced that they would merge under the Citrovita banner. In December 2011, Brazilian authorities approved the merger.

Matão
Matão is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. As of 2020, the town had an estimated population of 83,626 and a population density of 146.3 persons per km2. The total area the city is 524.899 square kilometres (202.665 sq mi). Matão sits at an elevation of 585 metres (1,919 ft). The municipality consists of two districts: Matão and São Lourenço do Turvo.
Martin Grothkopp
Martin Grothkopp (born 21 June 1986) is a German bobsledder. He competed in the four-man event at the 2018 Winter Olympics, winning the gold medal.

He also represented Germany as a track and field sprinter, competing in the 4 × 400 metres relay team at the 2009 World Championships in Athletics and winning 400 metres gold at the 2009 German Athletics Championships.

4 × 400 metres relay
The 4 × 400 metres relay or long relay is an athletics track event in which teams consist of four runners who each complete 400 metres or one lap, totaling 1600 meters. It is traditionally the final event of a track meet. The first leg and the first bend of the second leg are run in lanes. Start lines are thus staggered over a greater distance than in an individual 400 metres race; the runners then typically move to the inside of the track. The slightly longer 4 × 440 yards relay, on an Imperial distance, was a formerly run British Commonwealth and American event, until metrication was completed in the 1970s.
Matiali (community development block)
Matiali is a community development block (CD block) in the eastern Sivalik Hills that forms an administrative division in the Malbazar subdivision of the Jalpaiguri district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

Kurukh language
Kurukh (/ˈkʊrʊx/ or /ˈkʊrʊk/; Devanagari: कुँड़ुख़, IPA: [kũɽux]), also Kurux, Oraon or Uranw (Devanagari: उराँव, IPA: [uraːũ̯]), is a North Dravidian language spoken by the Kurukh (Oraon) and Kisan people of East India. It is spoken by about two million people in the Indian states of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, West Bengal, Assam and Tripura, as well as by 65,000 in northern Bangladesh, 28,600 of a dialect called Uranw in Nepal and about 5,000 in Bhutan. The most closely related language to Kurukh is Malto; together with Brahui, all three languages form the North Dravidian branch of the Dravidian language family. It is marked as being in a "vulnerable" state in UNESCO's list of endangered languages. The Kisan dialect has 206,100 speakers as of 2011.
Bent Holtsmark
Bent Holtsmark (1823–1903) was a Norwegian agriculturalist and politician.

He was born in Lier, but moved to Asker in 1849. He was a farmer at Tveter farm, and also owned the farms Berg, Vøien and Sem. He was decorated with the King Oscar II Medal for his work in agriculture, and was also mayor of Asker from 1869 to 1875. He was an elector for the Conservative Party in the 1888 Norwegian parliamentary election.

His sons Bernt Holtsmark and Wilhelm Holtsmark established an agricultural college at Sem, today known as a manor which lent its name to the Declaration of Sem of the Bondevik's Second Cabinet. Bernt Holtsmark was also a Minister of Agriculture. A third son Torger Holtsmark moved back to Lier, and became mayor there. A fourth son Gabriel Gabrielsen Holtsmark became a physicist, and through him Bent was grandfather of Johan, Anne and Karen Holtsmark.

Oscar II
Oscar II (Oscar Fredrik; 21 January 1829 – 8 December 1907) was King of Sweden from 1872 until his death in 1907 and King of Norway from 1872 to 1905.

Oscar was the son of King Oscar I and Queen Josephine. He inherited the Swedish and Norwegian thrones when his brother died in 1872. Oscar II ruled during a time when both countries were undergoing a period of industrialization and rapid technological progress. His reign also saw the gradual decline of the Union of Sweden and Norway, which culminated in its dissolution in 1905. In 1905, the throne of Norway was transferred to his grandnephew Prince Carl of Denmark under the regnal name Haakon VII. When Oscar died in 1907, he was succeeded in Sweden by his eldest son, Gustaf V.
Joseph Martin (Australian politician)
Joseph Michael Martin (3 January 1898 – 5 March 1940) was an Australian politician.

Martin was born at Pyrmont in Sydney to engineer John Martin and Maria Theresa, née McArdle. He married Minnie Louise Fuller on 20 September 1919, with whom he had two children. Long involved in the trade union movement, Martin was an organiser of the Electrical Trades Union in 1931 and a member of the Milk Board from 1931 to 1938. In 1931 he was appointed to the New South Wales Legislative Council as a Labor member, serving until 1934. Martin died at Newcastle in 1940.

Pyrmont, New South Wales
Pyrmont (/pɪərmɒnt/) is an inner-city suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia 2 kilometres south-west of the Sydney central business district in the local government area of the City of Sydney. It is also part of the Darling Harbour region.

Aboriginal culture
Before European settlement the Eora tribe of Indigenous Australians inhabited the area. Their Aboriginal name for this area was 'Pirrama', which is still the name of a road on the Pyrmont waterfront.

Pyrmont was once a vital component of Sydney's industrial waterfront, with wharves, shipbuilding yards, factories and woolstores. As industry moved out, the population and the area declined. In recent years it has experienced redevelopment with an influx of residents and office workers.
Marie Friederike of Hesse-Kassel
Marie Frederike of Hesse-Kassel (14 September 1768, Hanau – 17 April 1839, Hanau) was a German noblewoman and by marriage Princess and later Duchess of Anhalt-Bernburg.

She was a daughter of William I, Elector of Hesse, and his wife, Princess Wilhelmina Caroline of Denmark.

Anhalt-Bernburg
Anhalt-Bernburg was a principality  of the Holy Roman Empire and a duchy of the German Confederation ruled by the House of Ascania with its residence at Bernburg in present-day Saxony-Anhalt. It emerged as a subdivision from the Principality of Anhalt from 1252 until 1468, when it fell to the Ascanian principality of Anhalt-Dessau. Recreated in 1603, Anhalt-Bernburg finally merged into the re-unified Duchy of Anhalt upon the extinction of the line in 1863.
Alfred Frey
Eugen Alfred Frey colloquially Alfred Frey (24 August 1859 – 22 September 1924) was a Swiss economist and politician who served on the National Council (Switzerland) for the Free Radical Liberals from 1900 to 1924 (his death). He concurrently also served on the Cantonal Council of Zurich from 1902 to 1905.

In his professional life he was in a variety of executive capacities and served on the boards of Swiss Annuity Institution (Swiss Life), Neue Zürcher Zeitung, SUVA, Swiss Credit Institution (Credit Suisse), Beznau-Löntsch power plant (Axpo Holding), Aluminium-Industrie (Alusuisse) and the Swiss Federal Railways.

Cantonal Council of Zurich
The Cantonal Council of Zürich (German: Zürcher Kantonsrat) is the legislature of the canton of Zürich, in Switzerland. Zürich has a unicameral legislature.  The Cantonal Council has 180 seats, with members elected every four years.
Peter R. Wallace
Peter Rudy Wallace (born April 13, 1954) is an American politician and attorney who served as Speaker of the Florida House of Representatives from 1994 to 1996. A member of the Democratic Party, he served in the Florida House of Representatives from 1984 to 1996 and was the last Democrat to serve as speaker, as of 2025.

Florida Democratic Party
The Florida Democratic Party is the affiliate of the Democratic Party in the U.S. state of Florida, headquartered in Tallahassee, Florida. Former Florida commissioner of agriculture Nikki Fried is the current chair.

Andrew Jackson, the first territorial governor of Florida in 1821, co-founded the Democratic Party. After Florida achieved statehood, the party dominated state politics until the Reconstruction era following the Civil War, when Black citizens gained the right to vote. The party regained its dominance until the 1950s, after which Florida became a swing state until the 2020s.

Following the 2022 elections, the Florida Republican Party holds supermajorities in both chambers of the Florida Legislature. The Florida Democratic Party holds neither of the state's U.S. Senate seats, and no statewide executive offices.
Valentino's syndrome
Valentino's syndrome is pain presenting in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen caused by a duodenal ulcer with perforation through the retroperitoneum.

It is named after Rudolph Valentino, an Italian actor, who presented with right lower quadrant pain in New York, which turned out to be a perforated peptic ulcer. He subsequently died from an infection and organ dysfunction in spite of surgery to repair the perforation. Due to his popularity, his case received much attention at the time and is still considered a rare medical condition.

However, the degree of peritoneal findings is strongly influenced by a number of factors, including the size of perforation, amount of bacterial and gastric contents contaminating the abdominal cavity, time between perforation and presentation, and spontaneous sealing of perforation.

Blumberg's sign
Blumberg's sign (also referred to as rebound tenderness or Shchetkin–Blumberg's sign) is a clinical sign in which there is pain upon removal of pressure rather than application of pressure to the abdomen. (The latter is referred to simply as abdominal tenderness.) It is indicative of peritonitis. It was named after German surgeon Jacob Moritz Blumberg.
Charles E. Knoblauch
Charles E. Knoblauch (March 9, 1922 – February 7, 1984) was an American politician and businessman.

Born in La Crosse, Wisconsin, Knoblauch graduated from Aquinas High School, in La Crosse, Wisconsin, and went to Michigan State University. He served in the United States Army Air Forces during World War II. He worked for the Carroll, Iowa Chamber of Commerce, before sitting in the Iowa House of Representatives as a Democrat from 1969 to 1973. In 1978, he and his wife moved to Fort Dodge, Iowa. He died of a stroke in a hospital there in 1984.

La Crosse, Wisconsin
La Crosse (/ləˈkrɒs/ ⓘ lə-KROSS) is a city in La Crosse County, Wisconsin, United States, and its county seat. Positioned alongside the Mississippi River, La Crosse is the most populous city on Wisconsin's western border. The population was 52,680 at the 2020 census. The La Crosse–Onalaska metropolitan area has an estimated 140,000 residents.

La Crosse's economy serves as a regional educational, medical, manufacturing, and transportation hub for Western Wisconsin producing a gross domestic product (GDP) of $10.1 billion for the La Crosse–Onalaska metropolitan area as of 2023. Home to the University of Wisconsin–La Crosse, Viterbo University, and Western Technical College, the city has nearly 20,000 students. The La Crosse area is home to the headquarters or regional offices of Kwik Trip, Organic Valley, Mayo Clinic, Gundersen Health System, Gensler, La Crosse Technology, City Brewing Company, and Trane.
Rhododendron tomentosum
Rhododendron tomentosum (syn. Ledum palustre), commonly known as marsh Labrador tea, northern Labrador tea, marsh rosemary  or wild rosemary, is a flowering plant in the subsection Ledum of the large genus Rhododendron in the family Ericaceae.

Ericaceae
The Ericaceae (/ˌɛrɪˈkeɪsi.aɪ, -iː/) are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the heath or heather family, found most commonly in acidic and infertile growing conditions. The family is large, with about 4,250 known species spread across 124 genera, making it the 14th most speciose family of flowering plants. The many well known and economically important members of the Ericaceae include the cranberry, blueberry, huckleberry, rhododendron (including azaleas), and various common heaths and heathers (Erica, Cassiope, Daboecia, and Calluna for example).
Ackroyd Drive Greenlink
Ackroyd Drive Greenlink is a 0.87 hectare Local Nature Reserve in Bow Common in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. It forms a green corridor between Tower Hamlets Cemetery Park and Mile End Park.

The Greenlink is a linear site between Ackroyd Drive and a railway viaduct. It is bisected by roads into five rectangular plots. From the south these are Cowslip Meadow, allotments, Blackberry Meadow, Peartree Meadow and Primrose Meadow.

Local nature reserve
Local nature reserve (LNR) is a statutory designation for certain nature reserves in Great Britain. The Wild Life Conservation Special Committee established them and proposed a national suite of protected areas comprising national nature reserves, conservation areas (which incorporated suggestions for Sites of Special Scientific Interest), national parks, geological monuments, local nature reserves and local educational nature reserves.

There are now over 1,280 LNRs in England, covering almost 40,000 hectares, which range from windswept coastal headlands and ancient woodlands to former inner city railways and long abandoned landfill sites.
Charta Oecumenica
The Charta Oecumenica (Latin for "Ecumenical Charter") is a joint document from the Conference of European Churches (CEC) and the Council of the Bishops' Conferences of Europe (CCEE, Consilium Conferentiarum Episcoporum Europae) which contains guidelines for increasing co-operation among the churches in Europe. It was signed by the presidents of the CEC and the CCEE on 22 April 2001 (Sunday after Easter) on the occasion of the European ecumenical meeting in Strasbourg.

Charter
A charter is the grant of authority or rights, stating that the granter formally recognizes the prerogative of the recipient to exercise the rights specified. It is implicit that the granter retains superiority (or sovereignty), and that the recipient admits a limited (or inferior) status within the relationship, and it is within that sense that charters were historically granted, and it is that sense which is retained in modern usage of the term. In early medieval Britain, charters transferred land from donors to recipients.

The word entered the English language from the Old French charte, via Latin charta, and ultimately from Greek χάρτης (khartes, meaning "layer of papyrus"). It has come to be synonymous with a document that sets out a grant of rights or privileges.
Thirkleby, Kirby Grindalythe
Thirkleby is a hamlet in the civil parish of Kirby Grindalythe, in North Yorkshire, England. Roger of Thirkleby (died 1260), a judge and Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, was named after this place.

Thirkleby Manor Farmhouse is a grade II listed building, being an 18th-century red-brick two-storey building altered in the early and middle 19th century. The site of a medieval settlement is adjacent.

Thirkleby was formerly a township in the parish of Kirby-Grindalyth, in 1870–72 the township of Thirkleby had a population of 50 people in 9 houses. In 1866 Thirkleby became a separate civil parish, on 1 April 1935 the parish was abolished and merged with Kirby Grindalythe. In 1931 the parish had a population of 49.

Until 1974 it was in the East Riding of Yorkshire. From 1974 to 2023 it was part of the Borough of Scarborough. It is now administered by the unitary North Yorkshire Council.

Kirby Grindalythe
Kirby Grindalythe is a village and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England. It is situated about 8 miles (13 km) south-east of Malton. The village lies in the Great Wold Valley and the course of the winterbourne stream the Gypsey Race passes through it.