hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Schmidt decomposition
In linear algebra, the Schmidt decomposition (named after its originator Erhard Schmidt) refers to a particular way of expressing a vector in the tensor product of two inner product spaces. It has numerous applications in quantum information theory, for example in entanglement characterization and in state purification, and plasticity.

Linear algebra
Linear algebra is the branch of mathematics concerning linear equations such as

linear maps such as

and their representations in vector spaces and through matrices.

Linear algebra is central to almost all areas of mathematics. For instance, linear algebra is fundamental in modern presentations of geometry, including for defining basic objects such as lines, planes and rotations. Also, functional analysis, a branch of mathematical analysis, may be viewed as the application of linear algebra to function spaces.

Linear algebra is also used in most sciences and fields of engineering because it allows modeling many natural phenomena, and computing efficiently with such models. For nonlinear systems, which cannot be modeled with linear algebra, it is often used for dealing with first-order approximations, using the fact that the differential of a multivariate function at a point is the linear map that best approximates the function near that point.
Nereid Lake
Nereid Lake (Bulgarian: езеро Нереида, romanized: ezero Nereida, IPA: [ˈɛzɛro nɛrɛˈidɐ]) is the trapezoidal lake 450 m long in west-southwest to east-northeast direction and 90 m wide in the eastern part of Flamingo Beach on the north coast of Greenwich Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. It has a surface area of 3.8 ha and is separated from the waters of Orión Passage by a 20 to 40 m wide strip of land. The area was visited by early 19th century sealers.

The feature is named after the Nereids, sea nymphs of Greek mythology.

Greenwich Island
Greenwich Island (variant historical names Sartorius Island, Berezina Island) is an island 24 km (15 mi) long and from 0.80 to 9.66 km (0.5 to 6 mi) (average 5.23 km or 3.25 mi) wide, lying between Robert Island and Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. The island's surface area is 142.7 square kilometres (55.1 sq mi).  The name Greenwich Island dates back to at least 1821 and is now established in international usage.

The Chilean base Arturo Prat and the Ecuadorian base Pedro Vicente Maldonado are situated on the northeast and north coast of the island, respectively.

Chilean scientists have claimed that Amerinds visited the area, due to stone artifacts recovered from bottom-sampling operations off the island; however, the artefacts — two arrowheads  — were later found to have been planted.
Godzilla (Showa)
Godzilla (Japanese: ゴジラ, Hepburn: Gojira) is a giant monster, or kaiju, that originated from the Godzilla franchise owned by Toho Co., Ltd.. The Shōwa era iteration of the character debuted in the 1954 film Godzilla, the first entry in the franchise, depicted as a prehistoric reptile awakened by hydrogen bomb testing which wreaks havoc on nearby Tokyo. The first Godzilla is killed, however, a second Godzilla appears in the 1955 film Godzilla Raids Again.

The character was depicted through suitmation, mainly portrayed by Japanese stunt actor Haruo Nakajima from 1954 to his retirement in 1972; other stunt actors had also performed as Godzilla during Nakajima's tenure. The direction of Godzilla's character changes as the Showa-era films progress, beginning as an antagonist, gradually becoming an anti-hero, and ultimately a hero of the planet — occasionally forming alliances with various kaiju.

Haruo Nakajima
Haruo Nakajima (Japanese: 中島 春雄, Hepburn: Nakajima Haruo; January 1, 1929 – August 7, 2017) was a Japanese actor and stuntman. A pioneer of suit acting, he is best known for playing Godzilla in 12 consecutive films, starting from the original Godzilla (1954) until Godzilla vs. Gigan (1972). Nakajima also played various other kaiju in Toho's tokusatsu films, including: Rodan (1956), Mothra (1961) and The War of the Gargantuas (1966) and also appeared in a minor roles in Akira Kurosawa's Seven Samurai (1954), Yojimbo, and Stray Dog (his film debut).
Mjenjačnica
Mjenjačnica ("The Exchange Office") was a Croatian documentary reality television series created and hosted by Robert Knjaz. The series documents prominent Croatian public figures as they exchange roles with the members of the working class.

Mjenjačnica debuted on RTL on 12 January 2005, and concluded with its second and final season on 30 May 2006. The series has later been re-run on RTL 2 and re-released on RTL's streaming service Voyo.

Following the conclusion of Mjenjačnica, Knjaz created Koledžicom po svijetu, a similar series where celebrities were taken to exotic destinations; it premiered on RTL in 2007. In 2023, Knjaz went on to create Knjazalište, another series similar to Mjenjačnica that ran on HRT 1.

Knjazalište
Knjazalište is a Croatian television series created and hosted by Robert Knjaz. The series documents celebrities who are put in unusual situations as they perform a certain job or try out a lifestyle that they are normally unfamiliar with. The series ran on HRT 1 from 2 October to 4 December 2023.

The title of the series, Knjazalište, is a portmanteau of "Knjaz" and "kazalište," the latter meaning "theatre" in Croatian.
Francis North (Australian politician)
Francis North (1811 – 9 December 1864) was a Member of the Queensland Legislative Council.

North was appointed to the Queensland Legislative Council on 3 July 1863 and served until his death on 9 Dec 1864. He was buried in Ipswich General Cemetery.

Ipswich General Cemetery
The Ipswich General Cemetery is a historic cemetery in Ipswich, Queensland, Australia. It is the second oldest cemetery in Queensland.

It is owned by Ipswich City Council, but the council have outsourced the day-to-day operations to a private contractor Norwood Park Limited, trading as Ipswich Cemeteries.
Belebú Balachá
Belebú Balachá is a community on Bioko island in Equatorial Guinea. It is south of Luba, the second-largest town on the island, and just north of the Luba Crater Scientific Reserve.
As of 2010 a new highway was under construction through the reserve from Belebu to Ureca but it cannot be confirmed if the highway was built.

San Antonio de Ureca
San Antonio de Ureca, also known as Ureka or Ureca is a village in Bioko Sur, Equatorial Guinea, south of Malabo on the island of Bioko.
The town of Ureka is included among the wettest areas in the world; it receives about 10,450 millimeters (418 ins) of rainfall annually. It is the wettest place in Africa.
Military bronies
The My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom includes active-duty, retired, and prospective military service members, commonly referred to as military bronies. This fandom subculture—representing an estimated 4–5% of the overall brony population—gained media attention in the early 2010s due to their Internet-based community activities and incidents involving unauthorized patches on military uniforms.

The phenomenon has generated mixed reactions; some critics questioned the appropriateness of military personnel watching a children's show and raised concerns about uniform violations. Military bronies have publicly defended their fandom and have asserted their right to enjoy the show. Military bronies generally hold a place of honor among civilian members of the fandom.

Academics have analyzed the military bronies subculture as a challenge to traditional masculinity within military culture.

Subculture
In the sociology of culture, a subculture is a group of people within a cultural society that differentiates itself from the values of the mainstream or dominant culture (or superculture) to which it belongs, often maintaining some of its founding principles. Subcultures develop their own norms and values regarding cultural, political, and sexual matters. Subcultures coexist within mainstream society while keeping their specific characteristics intact.

Since its inception in the English-speaking world (primarily North America and the United Kingdom) during the 1940s–1950s, the concept and study of subcultures was developed in the academic fields of sociology, communication studies, and cultural studies. Examples of subcultures include punks, skinheads, Teddy Boys, mods, rockers, bikers, hip-hoppers, and more. Subcultures differ from countercultures.
Kristoff MWB
Christopher Namwaya, popularly known as Kristoff MWB or simply Kristoff, is a Kenyan musician who gained initial recognition in 2013 following the release of his track Tatoo Kwa Thigh. He is known for his collaborations with Kenyan artists and a musical style that incorporates catchy melodies and lyrics in Swahili and Kenyan slang.

Trio Mio
Mario TJ Cassela, popularly known as Trio Mio (born October 22, 2004) is a Kenyan rapper, singer and songwriter. He began his music career in 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, with his debut single "Bazenga - Vile Inafaa." He is best known for his hit single "Cheza Kama Wewe," which was released on July 15, 2020, and featured remixes by other Kenyan artists such as Mejja, Exray and Nellythegoon.
Cristovão Bastos
Cristovão da Silva Bastos Filho (born December 3, 1946) is a Brazilian songwriter, pianist and arranger. He has performed and composed for artists including Maria Bethânia, Milton Nascimento, Gal Costa, Ivan Lins, Barbra Streisand, Dionne Warwick and Paulinho da Viola. Bastos has been nominated for a Latin Grammy and has won 6 Brazilian Music Awards.

Paulinho da Viola
Paulinho da Viola (Brazilian Portuguese: [pawˈlĩɲu da viˈɔlɐ]; born Paulo César Batista de Faria, 12 November 1942) is a Brazilian sambista, singer-songwriter, guitar, cavaquinho and mandolin player, known for his sophisticated harmonies and soft, gentle singing voice.
Tom Collins (music producer)
Bernie Tom Collins (born May 30, 1942) is an American music producer and publisher in Nashville, Tennessee who has received three CMA Awards as Producer of the Year, and seven Grammy nominations. He produced a steady stream of country music hits over a 30-year span from artists including Ronnie Milsap, Barbara Mandrell, Sylvia,  Tom T. Hall, Jim Ed Brown, James Galway, Marie Osmond, and Steve Wariner. Collins served as chairman of the Board of the CMA in 1979 and 1980.

In 1982 alone, Collins produced four number one country hits: "Nobody" (Sylvia); "I Wouldn't Have Missed It for the World" and "Any Day Now" (Ronnie Milsap); and "'Till You're Gone" (Barbara Mandrell). His publishing Company, Tom Collins Music, received BMI's Robert J. Burton Award in 1983 for "Most Performed Song of the Year", "Nobody", by Sylvia. During the period from 1970 to 1990, Collins' catalog holdings grew to make him one of Nashville's most successful independent producers.

Country Music Association
The Country Music Association (CMA) is an American trade association with the stated aim of promoting and developing country music throughout the world. Founded in 1958 in Nashville, Tennessee, it originally consisted of 233 members and was the first trade organization formed to promote a music genre. The CMA is best known for its annual CMA Fest and Country Music Association Awards broadcast live on network television each fall (usually October or November).
Ma'ale Shlomo
Ma'ale Shlomo (Hebrew: מַעֲלֶה שְׁלֹמֹה, lit. 'Solomon's Ascent') is an Israeli outpost in the West Bank. Located to the south of Kokhav HaShahar, it falls under the jurisdiction of the Mateh Binyamin Regional Council.

The international community considers Israeli settlements in the West Bank illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this.

Mateh Binyamin Regional Council
Mateh Binyamin Regional Council (Hebrew: מועצה אזורית מטה בנימין, Mo'atza Azorit Mateh Binyamin, Lit. Council for the Region of the Tribe of Benjamin) is a regional council governing 47 Israeli settlements and outposts in the West Bank. The council's jurisdiction is from the Jordan valley in the east to the Samarian foothills in the west, and from the Shiloh creek in the north to the Jerusalem Mountains in the south.

The seat of the council is Psagot. The council is named for the ancient Israelite tribe of Benjamin, whose territory roughly corresponds to that of the council. The region in which the Binyamin settlements are located is referred to as the Binyamin Region.

The international community considers Israeli settlements to be illegal, but the state of Israel disputes this, and this applies to all communities under the administration of Mateh Binyamin.
Pickwick Book Shop
Pickwick Book Shop was an independent bookstore located at 6741-6745 W. Hollywood Boulevard in Hollywood, California. The store was popular with many film and literary figures, and was known as the "supermarket of books."

Hollywood Boulevard
Hollywood Boulevard is a major east–west street in Los Angeles, California. It runs through the Hollywood, East Hollywood, Little Armenia, Thai Town, and Los Feliz districts. Its western terminus is at Sunset Plaza Drive in the Hollywood Hills and its eastern terminus is at Sunset Boulevard in Los Feliz. Hollywood Boulevard is famous for running through the tourist areas in central Hollywood, including attractions such as the Hollywood Walk of Fame and the Ovation Hollywood shopping and entertainment complex.
Kim Ch'ŏnil
Kim Ch'ŏnil (Korean: 김천일; Hanja: 金千鎰; 1537 – July 27, 1593) was a Korean military leader in the 16th century. He was a Joseon dynasty official and became a righteous army leader during the 1592–1598 Imjin War. He was killed in the second siege of Jinju in 1593.

Seonjo of Joseon
Seonjo (Korean: 선조; Hanja: 宣祖; 6 December 1552 – 6 March 1608), personal name Yi Yeon (이연; 李昖), was the 14th monarch of Joseon (now Korea). He was known for promoting Korean Confucianism and attempting reforms at the beginning of his reign. However, he later gained infamy from the political discord and his incompetent leadership during the Imjin War.
Arab al-Aramshe
Arab al-Aramshe officially Aramsha (Hebrew: עַרָמִשָׁה, עראמשה), is a Bedouin village located in the Western Galilee region of northern Israel, straddling the Israel–Lebanon border, approximately five kilometers south of the Lebanese border fence. The village also falls under the jurisdiction of the Mateh Asher Regional Council.

It developed from a settlement into a permanent village in the late 1950s and is primarily inhabited by members of the Bedouin al-Aramshe tribe, who historically roamed the border region between Lebanon and Palestine during the Ottoman era. The tribe’s lands were divided by the 1916 Sykes-Picot Agreement and later by the armistice and Blue Lines, with some members residing on both sides of the border. The village economy has transitioned from traditional herding to employment primarily in nearby towns and kibbutzim.

Hanita
Hanita (Hebrew: חניתה) is a kibbutz in northern Israel. Located in the western Galilee approximately 15 kilometres northeast of Nahariya, it falls under the jurisdiction of Mateh Asher Regional Council. In 2022 it had a population of 746.
Innovation and business in upstate New York
Upstate New York has been the setting for inventions and businesses of international significance.  The abundance of water power and the advent of canal and rail transportation provided nineteenth century upstate New York entrepreneurs with the means to power factories and send their products to market.  In the twentieth century, hydroelectric power and the New York State Thruway served the same roles. In April 2021, GlobalFoundries, a company specializing in the semiconductor industry, moved its headquarters from Silicon Valley, California to its most advanced semiconductor-chip manufacturing facility in Saratoga County, New York near a section of the Adirondack Northway, in Malta, New York.

Robert C. Baker
Robert C. Baker (December 29, 1921 – March 13, 2006) was an American food science professor. He invented the chicken nugget as well as many other poultry-related inventions. For his contributions to poultry sciences, he was inducted into the American Poultry Hall of Fame.
Dominó (Chile)
Dominó is a Chilean chain of fuente de soda restaurants, a type of establishment specializing in Chilean-style fast food. While the completo is what they are best known for, Dominó also serves Chilean-style sandwiches, empanadas and salads. Beginning with one location in central Santiago, Dominó has since expanded to have locations across the country.

Empanada
An empanada is a type of baked or fried turnover consisting of pastry and filling, common in Spain, Portugal, other Southern European countries, North African countries, West African countries (where they are known as meatpies in Nigeria), South Asian countries, Latin American countries, and the Philippines. The name comes from the Spanish empanar (to bread, i.e., to coat with bread), and translates as 'breaded', that is, wrapped or coated in bread. They are made by folding dough over a filling, which may consist of meat, cheese, tomato, corn, or other ingredients, and then cooking the resulting turnover, either by baking or frying.
Solar hot water in New Zealand
Solar thermal technologies had a sizable initial uptake in the pioneering days of the 1970s. By 2001 more than 40GWhr was produced from solar hot water technologies, equating to 0.1% of the total electricity consumption in New Zealand.
In 2006 the government announced an investment of $15.5 million over the first three and a half years of a five-year Solar water heating program to increase the number of solar hot water heating installations. As of 2006 there were about 35,000 solar hot water installations on domestic and commercial buildings. As of 2025 there are no subsidies from the government.

Solar power in New Zealand
Solar power in New Zealand is a small but rapidly growing contributor to the country's electricity supply. In 2024, 601 gigawatt-hours of electricity was estimated to have been generated by grid-connected solar, 1.4% of all electricity generated in the country.

As of the end of September 2025, New Zealand had 792 MW of grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) solar power installed. Since records began in September 2013, solar capacity has been increasing exponentially, doubling in capacity roughly every 24 months.  For new installations added in September 2025, the average residential system size was 7.7 kW and the average small and medium enterprise system was 38 kW.
Pittsfield station (Maine)
Pittsfield station is a former railroad station in Pittsfield, Maine. The station was built in 1888 by the Maine Central Railroad, and now serves as the Depot House Museum, operated by the Pittsfield Historical Society.  It is one of the best-preserved railroad stations in Maine from that time period.  The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on January 23, 1980, as Pittsfield Railroad Station.

Pittsfield, Maine
Pittsfield is a town in Somerset County, Maine, United States. The population was 3,908 at the 2020 census. It contains the census-designated place of the same name. Pittsfield is home to the Maine Central Institute, a semi-private boarding school, and the annual Central Maine Egg Festival.
Curia gens
The gens Curia was a plebeian family at ancient Rome.  Members of this gens are first mentioned at the beginning of the third century BC, when the family was rendered illustrious by Manius Curius Dentatus.

Gens
In ancient Rome, a gens (/ɡɛns/ or /dʒɛnz/, Latin: [gẽːs]; pl.: gentes [ˈgɛnteːs]) was a family consisting of individuals who shared the same nomen gentilicium and who claimed descent from a common ancestor. A branch of a gens, sometimes identified by a distinct cognomen, was called a stirps (pl.: stirpes). The gens was an important social structure at Rome and throughout Italia during the period of the Roman Republic. Much of individuals' social standing depended on the gens to which they belonged. Certain gentes were classified as patrician, others as plebeian; some had both patrician and plebeian branches. The importance of the gens as a social structure declined considerably in imperial times, although the gentilicium continued to define the origins and dynasties of the ancient Romans, including the emperors.
Millarville
Millarville is a hamlet in Alberta, Canada within the Foothills County. It is located in the foothills of the Canadian Rockies at an elevation of 1,185 metres (3,888 ft). The hamlet is located northwest of the intersection of the Cowboy Trail (Highway 22) and Highway 549, approximately 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) north of Turner Valley and 35 kilometres (22 mi) southwest of Calgary's city limits.

The hamlet is within Census Division No. 6 and in the federal riding of Macleod.

Foothills County
Foothills County is a municipal district in southern Alberta, Canada adjacent to the south side of Calgary in Census Division No. 6. Despite sharing a common border with the City of Calgary, it does not form part of the Calgary census metropolitan area (CMA) as defined by Statistics Canada. It is however a member municipality of the Calgary Metropolitan Region Board, though it has indicated that it may withdraw its membership.
Rubner Peak
Rubner Peak (66°44′S 65°51′W﻿ / ﻿66.733°S 65.850°W﻿ / -66.733; -65.850) is the highest point on the sharp ridge separating McCance and Widdowson Glaciers, just south of Darbel Bay on the northeast coast of Pernik Peninsula, Loubet Coast in Graham Land. Photographed by the Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition (FIDASE) in 1956–57. Named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) in 1960 for Max Rubner (1854–1932), German physiologist who made outstanding researches on human calorie requirements and the calorie value of foods.

Darbel Bay
Darbel Bay (66°30′S 65°55′W﻿ / ﻿66.500°S 65.917°W﻿ / -66.500; -65.917) is a bay 25 nautical miles (50 km) wide, indenting the west coast of Graham Land between Stresher Peninsula and Pernik Peninsula.  Entered southwest of Cape Bellue and northeast of Cape Rey. The glaciers Widmark Ice Piedmont, Cardell, Erskine, Hopkins, Drummond, Widdowson, McCance, Solun, and Škorpil feed the bay.

It was discovered and roughly charted by the French Antarctic Expedition, 1908–10, under Jean-Baptiste Charcot, who gave it the name Baie Marin Darbel. The bay was further charted in 1931 by Discovery Investigations personnel on the Discovery II, and by the British Graham Land Expedition, 1934–37, under John Rymill.
Jimmy Johnstone
James Connolly Johnstone (30 September 1944 – 13 March 2006) was a Scottish footballer who played as an outside right. Known as "Jinky" for his elusive dribbling style, Johnstone played for Celtic for 13 years and was one of the Lisbon Lions, the team that won the 1967 European Cup Final. Johnstone also won nine consecutive Scottish championships. He scored 129 goals for Celtic in 515 appearances and was voted the club's greatest-ever player by fans in 2002.

Johnstone also won 23 caps for Scotland. He finished third in voting for the 1967 Ballon d'Or and was inducted into the Scottish Football Hall of Fame when it was inaugurated in 2004.

Rodger Baillie of The Sunday Times called Johnstone a "genius who lived by magic and mischief", while Hugh McIlvanney wrote that no other player "besieged opponents with such a complex, concentrated swirl of deceptive manoeuvres or ever conveyed a more exhilarating sense of joy in working wonders with the ball."

Hugh McIlvanney
Hugh McIlvanney OBE (2 February 1934 – 24 January 2019) was a Scottish sports journalist who had long stints with the British Sunday newspapers The Observer (30 years until 1993) and then 23 years with The Sunday Times (1993–2016). After nearly six decades in the profession, he retired in March 2016 at the age of 82.