hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Russian Butte
Russian Butte is a double-peak summit located in King County of Washington state. It is located at the western edge of the Cascade Range on land managed by Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest. Precipitation runoff from Russian Butte drains into tributaries of the Snoqualmie River. Russian Butte is more notable for its large, steep rise above local terrain than for its absolute elevation. Topographic relief is significant as the summit rises nearly 4,300 feet (1,311 meters) above the Middle Fork Snoqualmie River in 1.5 mile (2.4 km). The nearest higher officially named peak is Preacher Mountain, 3.29 miles (5.29 km) to the east. Little Comrade is a small peak one-half mile to the south-southwest of Russian Butte.

King County, Washington
King County is a county located in the U.S. state of Washington. The population was 2,269,675 in the 2020 census, making it the most populous county in Washington, and the 12th-most populous in the United States. The county seat is Seattle, also the state's most populous city.

Originally named after US representative, senator, and then vice president-elect William R. King in 1852, the county government amended its designation in 1986 to honor Martin Luther King Jr., a prominent activist and leader during the civil rights movement. The change was approved by the state government in 2005.

It is one of three Washington counties that are included in the Seattle metropolitan area along with Snohomish County to the north and Pierce County to the south. About two-thirds of King County's population lives in Seattle's suburbs, which largely developed in the late 20th century and early 21st century as bedroom communities before becoming job centers for the technology industry.
Outwood Academy Haydock
Outwood Academy Haydock (formerly Haydock Secondary Modern School and then Haydock High School) is a coeducational secondary school located in Haydock in the English county of Merseyside.

The school first opened as a secondary modern school in February 1932, and later became a comprehensive.

Previously a community school administered by St Helens Metropolitan Borough Council, in January 2022 Haydock High School converted to academy status and was renamed Outwood Academy Haydock. The school is now sponsored by Outwood Grange Academies Trust.

Community school (England and Wales)
A community school in England and Wales is a type of state-funded school in which the local education authority employs the school's staff, is responsible for the school's admissions and owns the school's estate. The formal use of this name to describe a school derives from the School Standards and Framework Act 1998.
Jim Forbes (journalist)
James Jude Forbes (born April 1, 1955) is an American journalist, writer and correspondent, and the narrator for Behind the Music and its spin-off Behind the Music: Remastered. Forbes has contributed to networks including CNN, Fox, PBS, VH1, ESPN, and E!, as well as programmers including Telepictures and United Television.

Telepictures
Telepictures (also known as Telepictures Productions; formerly known as Telepictures Distribution and Telepictures Corporation) is an American television show and filmmaking company, currently operating as a subsidiary of Warner Bros. Entertainment. Telepictures was established in 1979 by David Salzman, Michael Jay Solomon, and Michael Garin as a television syndication firm.
Patrick Nyamvumba
Gen. Patrick Nyamvumba (born 11 June 1967) is the immediate past Chief of Defence Staff of the Rwanda Defence Force (RDF) and the Minister of Internal Security of the Republic of Rwanda.

From 2013 to 2019, he served as the Chief of the Rwandan Defence Force. Prior to that, from 2009 to 2013, he served in Sudan as Force Commander of the AU-UN Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID). A graduate of the Nigerian Defence Academy, Nyamvumba previously served the RDF as a commander of infantry forces, Commandant of the Rwanda Military Academy in Nyakinama, Musanze District, President of the Military High Court (2007-2009), Chief of logistics, and Chief of Operations, Plans, and Training (1998-1999).

Nigerian Defence Academy
The Nigerian Defence Academy (NDA) is a military university based in Kaduna, Nigeria, that trains officer cadets for commissioning into one of the three services of the Nigerian Armed Forces: the Army, the Navy, and the Air Force. The duration of training at the Nigerian Defence Academy is five years (four years academic and one year military).
Puerto El Carmen de Putumayo
Puerto El Carmen de Putumayo is a town in Sucumbíos Province in Ecuador. It is also known as Puerto Carmen de Putumayo and is the seat of canton of Putumayo. The town is located on the San Miguel River and also has an airstrip. With a population of 2,012 (2022 census) Puerto Putumayo, as it is sometimes called in the town, has nearly one fourth of the population of the Putumayo Canton and it is famous for being the easternmost city/town access by road. The national route E10 terminates here nearly 450 km from San Lorenzo, Esmeraldas. Even though it is the easternmost city/town reachable by road, the title as the easternmost town goes to the town of Nuevo Rocafuerte in neighbouring Orellana Province. This town is only reachable by boat similar to the cases in the amazonian towns of Neighbour Peru. It is also known to be in the same longitude as Tarapoto, Peru at 75W longitude.

Cantons of Ecuador
The cantons of Ecuador are the second-level subdivisions of Ecuador, below the provinces. The cantons are further subdivided into parishes, which are classified as either urban or rural.

As of 2025, there are 222 cantons in the country. The most recently created cantons are Sevilla Don Bosco in Morona Santiago Province in 2024; and La Concordia in Esmeraldas Province in 2007, although in 2013 La Concordia was transferred to Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas Province.

Below is a list of cantons by province. All populations are as of the 2022 census, with the exception of the canton of Sevilla Don Bosco, as it did not exist at the time.
Zaganella and the Cavalier
Zaganella and the Cavalier (Italian: Zaganella e il cavaliere) is a 1932 Italian comedy film directed by Giorgio Mannini and Gustavo Serena and starring Arturo Falconi, Marcella Albani and Carlo Lombardi. It is also known as Zaganella and the Honorable Gentleman.

Gustavo Serena
Gustavo Serena (5 October 1881 – 16 April 1970) was an Italian actor and film director. He appeared in 107 films between 1909 and 1961. He also directed 33 films between 1912 and 1932. He was born in Naples and died in Rome.
Chris Eißler
Chris Eißler (born 19 January 1993) is a German luge athlete  who has represented Germany in the men's single event Luge World Cup.  During the 2013–14 Luge World Cup season he was victorious in the men's single event held in Winterberg with a time of 52.938.

Winterberg bobsleigh, luge, and skeleton track
The Winterberg bobsleigh, luge, and skeleton track is a bobsleigh, luge, and skeleton track located in Winterberg, Germany. It is the only track of its kind in the world with a turn that has corporate sponsorship with turn seven being sponsored by Veltins, a German brewery which has its headquarters located in neighboring Meschede.
Tim Weisberg
Jules Timothy Weisberg (born January 1, 1943) is an American flautist, vocalist, and record producer.  A collaboration album with singer-songwriter Dan Fogelberg, "Twin Sons of Different Mothers," achieved platinum status from the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).

The Monkees Present
The Monkees Present (full title being The Monkees Present Micky, David, Michael, also known as simply Present) is the eighth studio album by the American pop rock band the Monkees, released in 1969 by Colgems Records. It was the second Monkees album released after the departure of Peter Tork and the last to feature Michael Nesmith until 1996's Justus.
David Reidy (Limerick hurler)
David Reidy (born 1993) is an Irish hurler who plays for Limerick Intermediate Championship club Dromin-Athlacca and at inter-county level with the Limerick senior hurling team. He usually lines out as a right wing-forward.

Fitzgibbon Cup
The Fitzgibbon Cup (Irish: Corn Mhic Giobúin) is the trophy for the premier hurling championship among higher education institutions (universities, colleges and institutes of technology) in Ireland.

The Fitzgibbon Cup competition is administered by Comhairle Ard Oideachais Cumann Lúthchleas Gael (CLG), the GAA's Higher Education Council. Comhairle Ard Oideachais also oversees the Ryan Cup (tier 2 hurling championship), the Fergal Maher Cup (tier 3 hurling championship) and the Padraig MacDiarmada (tier 4 hurling championship).

The GAA Higher Education Cups are sponsored by Electric Ireland.
5'-acylphosphoadenosine hydrolase
In enzymology, a 5'-acylphosphoadenosine hydrolase (EC 3.6.1.20) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

5'-acylphosphoadenosine + H2O  AMP + a carboxylate

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 5'-acylphosphoadenosine and H2O, whereas its two products are AMP and carboxylate.

This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on acid anhydrides in phosphorus-containing anhydrides.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is 5'-acylphosphoadenosine acylhydrolase. This enzyme is also called 5-phosphoadenosine hydrolase.  This enzyme participates in purine metabolism.

Adenosine monophosphate
Adenosine monophosphate (AMP), also known as 5'-adenylic acid, is a nucleotide. AMP consists of a phosphate group, the sugar ribose, and the nucleobase adenine. It is an ester of phosphoric acid and the nucleoside adenosine. As a substituent it takes the form of the prefix adenylyl-.

AMP plays an important role in many cellular metabolic processes, being interconverted to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP), as well as allosterically activating enzymes such as myophosphorylase-b. AMP is also a component in the synthesis of RNA. AMP is present in all known forms of life.
Lady Evelyn River
The Lady Evelyn River is a river in Nipissing, Sudbury and Timiskaming Districts, Ontario, Canada.

The river begins at the confluence of the North and South Lady Evelyn Rivers and flows to its mouth at the Montreal River. It lies mostly in Lady Evelyn-Smoothwater Provincial Park, and mostly within Timiskaming District, with the exception of a short portion of the South Branch at its most southern stretch, which lies in northeastern Sudbury District, and of the southernmost tip of Lady Evelyn Lake, which lies in northwestern Nipissing District. Numerous waterfalls are found along the Lady Evelyn River, such as Frank's Falls. The most impressive and highest is Helen Falls where water cascades from a height more than 25 m (82 ft).

Timiskaming District
Timiskaming is a district and census division in Northeastern Ontario in the Canadian province of Ontario. The district was created in 1912 from parts of Algoma, Nipissing, and Sudbury districts. In 1921, Cochrane District was created from parts of this district and parts of Thunder Bay District.

It is just west of the similarly named Témiscamingue county in Quebec, which is also informally called a region, but is administratively part of a greater region named Abitibi-Témiscamingue.

Temiskaming District is home to several provincial parks.
International School of Iceland
The International School of Iceland (abbreviated ISI; official name in Icelandic: Alþjóðaskólinn á Íslandi) is a private, non-profit international school in Garðabær in the Reykjavík area of Iceland, first established in 1960 as the American Embassy School. ISI has received support in the form of grants, training and consultation from the Office of Overseas Schools in Washington, D.C. since the 1960s.

Capital Region (Iceland)
The Capital Region (Icelandic: Höfuðborgarsvæðið ) is a region in southwestern Iceland. It is one of the two classified Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS-2) statistical regions of Iceland. The region encompasses an area of 1,046 km2 (404 sq mi), and consists of the national capital Reykjavík and six municipalities around it. Though it is much smaller than the other regions of Iceland, the region hosts about two-thirds of the population of the country.
William Crowhurst
William Crowhurst (24 October 1849 – 4 July 1915) was an English cricketer. He was a right-arm fast bowler who played one first-class cricket match for Kent County Cricket Club in 1877.

Crowhurst was born at Chislehurst in Kent in 1849. He made his only first-class appearance for Kent against Nottinghamshire in June 1877 at Canterbury. He died in St Mary Cray in 1915 aged 65.

Chislehurst
Chislehurst (/ˈtʃɪzəlˌhɜːrst/) is an affluent suburban district of south-east London, England, in the London Borough of Bromley. It lies east of Bromley, south-west of Sidcup and north-west of Orpington, 10 miles (16 km) south-east of Charing Cross. Before the creation of Greater London in 1965, it was in Kent. According to the 2021 census, Chislehurst has a population of 15,600 (rounded to the nearest 100).
Fars-Nama
Fārsnāma (Persian: فارسنامه, "The Book of Fars") is a local Persian-language history and geography of Fars province, Persia, written between 1105 and 1116 during the Seljuk period. It is attributed to the otherwise unknown Ibn al-Balkhi (ابن البلخی), a native of Fars who flourished in the 12th century. His ancestors were from Balkh in Khorasan, as his nisba suggests. The work was commissioned by Seljuk ruler Muhammad I Tapar (r. 1105–1118).

Roughly speaking, the first two-thirds of the book consists of information about the pre-Islamic Iranian rulers of Fars, as well as the Arab conquest of the province. The final third of the work consists of information on the province's geography.

The critical edition published by Reynold A. Nicholson and Guy Le Strange in 1921 is the standard edition of the Farsnama up to this day.

Reynold A. Nicholson
Reynold Alleyne Nicholson, FBA (18 August 1868 – 27 August 1945), or R. A. Nicholson, was an eminent English orientalist, scholar of both Islamic literature and Islamic mysticism, and widely regarded as one of the greatest Rumi (Mevlana or Mawlana) scholars and translators in the English language.
Osiris (Ganymede crater)
Osiris is a prominent  crater on Jupiter's moon Ganymede. It has two crater rims— a very small one at the center and a larger one that completely surrounds the other. The crater's outer rim approximately 107 kilometres (66 mi) wide. At the center of crater lies a dome that is around 0.5 kilometres (0.31 mi) high relative to the surrounding depression.

Natural satellite
A natural satellite is, in the most common usage, an astronomical body that orbits a planet, dwarf planet, or small Solar System body (or sometimes another natural satellite). Natural satellites are colloquially referred to as moons, a derivation from the Moon of Earth.

In the Solar System, there are six planetary satellite systems, altogether comprising 419 natural satellites with confirmed orbits. Seven objects commonly considered dwarf planets by astronomers are also known to have natural satellites: Orcus, Pluto, Haumea, Quaoar, Makemake, Gonggong, and Eris. As of February 2026, there are 630 other minor planets known to have natural satellites.
Tihun
Tihun is a small rural town  in Sogbini Chiefdom, Bonthe District in the Southern Province of Sierra Leone. Tihun is the chieftaincy seat of Sogbini Chiefdom and is about ten miles to the main commercial town of Mattru Jong. The major economic activity in Tihun is farming. Tihun is the native home of the Sherbro people who are the vast majority in the town. In 2003 the population was estimated to be 5,556.

Tihun is the birthplace of Sierra Leone's president   Julius Maada Bio. Maada Bio's father  Charlie Bio II served as Paramount Chief of Sogbini Chiefdom, where Tihun is located, for many years.

In the 2018 Sierra Leone Presidential election, President Bio won over 95% of the votes overall in his home district of Bonthe, where Tihun is located.

Southern Province, Sierra Leone
The Southern Province (Krio: Sawt Prɔvins) is one of the four provinces of Sierra Leone. It covers an area of 20,201 km² and has a population of 1,438,572 (2015 census). It consists of four districts (Bo, Bonthe, Moyamba, and Pujehun). Its capital and administrative center is Bo, which is also the second largest and second most populated city in Sierra Leone after the nation's capital Freetown. The population of the southern province is largely from the Mende ethnic group.
Turning Point Australia
Turning Point Australia (TPAUS) is a conservative lobby group based in Australia, affiliated with Turning Point USA but independent of it. Founded by Joel Jammal and first registered in 2023, the group has become active in trying to influence the outcome of the 2026 South Australian state election in March 2026.

Sarah Game
Sarah Leslie Game is an Australian politician who has served as a member of the South Australian Legislative Council since 2022. She was the first member of Pauline Hanson's One Nation elected to the Parliament of South Australia, but resigned from the party in May 2025 to become an Independent. In July 2025 she founded a new party, registered as "Sarah Game Fair Go for Australians", usually abbreviated to Fair Go.
Rescigno
Rescigno is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Giuseppe Rescigno (born 1934), Italian bobsledder

Joseph Rescigno (born 1945), American conductor

Nicola Rescigno (1916–2008), Italian-American conductor

Xavier Rescigno (1912–2005), American baseball player

Nicola Rescigno
Nicola Rescigno (May 28, 1916 – August 4, 2008) was an Italian-American conductor, particularly associated with the Italian opera repertory. Opera News said that "Rescigno was a seminal figure in the history of opera in America, a maestro and mentor who shaped the destiny and reputation of two major U.S. companies — Lyric Opera of Chicago and Dallas Opera — as well as countless singing and conducting careers. Vigorous musical integrity, idiomatic style and unfailing support of his singers were the hallmarks of his performances throughout his distinguished career, which lasted more than fifty years."
Charles Perfetti
Charles Perfetti is the director of, and Senior Scientist for, the Learning and Research Development Center at the University of Pittsburgh. His research is centered on the cognitive science of language and reading processes, including but not limited to lower- and higher-level lexical and syntactic processes and the nature of reading proficiency. He conducts cognitive behavioral studies involving ERP, fMRI and MEG imaging techniques. His goal is to develop a richer understanding of how language is processed in the brain.

Cognitive science
Cognitive science is the interdisciplinary, scientific study of the mind and its processes. It examines the nature, the tasks, and the functions of cognition (in a broad sense). Mental faculties of concern to cognitive scientists include perception, memory, attention, reasoning, language, and emotion. To understand these faculties, cognitive scientists borrow from fields such as psychology, philosophy, artificial intelligence, neuroscience, linguistics, and anthropology. The typical analysis of cognitive science spans many levels of organization, from learning and decision-making to logic and planning; from neural circuitry to modular brain organization. One of the fundamental concepts of cognitive science is that "thinking can best be understood in terms of representational structures in the mind and computational procedures that operate on those structures."
Alastair MacDonald Watson
Alastair MacDonald Watson (29 January 1909 – 19 November 1987) played first-class cricket for Somerset in four matches in 1932 and 1933. He was born at Croydon, Surrey and died at Alverstoke, Hampshire.

A tail-end right-handed batsman and a right-arm fast bowler, MacDonald Watson was a Royal Navy officer with little time for first-class cricket. He played a single match in 1932 and then three in 1933. In his third game, he took five Derbyshire wickets for just 27 runs in 14 overs in the match at Ilkeston, and these constituted more than half of his first-class haul of eight wickets in his four games.

Alverstoke
Alverstoke is a village in the borough of Gosport, on the south coast of Hampshire, England. It stretches east–west from Fort Blockhouse, Haslar to Browndown Battery, and is centred 0.5 miles (0.80 km) east of the shore of Stokes Bay and near the head of a creek which extends a mile westward from Portsmouth Harbour.

Residents of Alverstoke have at times in the 20th century been called 'The Alverstocracy' by some residents of Gosport, in a tongue-in-cheek fashion, due to higher house prices and a perceived higher social status of the area.
Ladd's Addition
Ladd's Addition is an inner southeast historic district of Portland, Oregon, United States.  It is Portland's oldest planned residential development, and one of the oldest in the western United States. The district is known in Portland for a diagonal street pattern, which is at odds with the rectilinear grid of the surrounding area.  Roughly eight blocks (east-west) by ten blocks (north-south) in size (by reference to the surrounding grid), Ladd's is bordered by SE Hawthorne, Division, 12th, and 20th streets. It is part of the Hosford-Abernethy neighborhood association.

Residential area
A residential area is a land used in which housing predominates, as opposed to industrial and commercial areas.

Housing may vary significantly between, and through, residential areas. These include single-family housing, multi-family residential, or mobile homes. Zoning for residential use may permit some services or work opportunities or may totally exclude business and industry. It may permit high density land use or only permit low density uses.  Residential zoning usually includes a smaller FAR (floor area ratio) than business, commercial or industrial/manufacturing zoning. The area may be large or small.
Vignette (literature)
A vignette (/vɪn.ˈjɛt/ ⓘ, also /viːn.-/) is a French loanword expressing a short and descriptive piece of writing that captures a brief period in time. Vignettes are more focused on vivid imagery and meaning rather than plot. Vignettes can be stand-alone, but they are more commonly part of a larger narrative, such as vignettes found in novels or collections of short stories.

Loanword
A loanword is a word at least partly assimilated from one language (the donor language) into another language (the recipient or target language), through the process of borrowing. Borrowing is a metaphorical term that is well established in the linguistic field despite its acknowledged descriptive flaws: nothing is taken away from the donor language and there is no expectation of returning anything (i.e., the loanword).

Loanwords may be contrasted with calques, in which a word is borrowed into the recipient language by being directly translated from the donor language rather than being adopted in (an approximation of) its original form. They must also be distinguished from cognates, which are words in two or more related languages that are similar because they share an etymological origin in the ancestral language, rather than because one borrowed the word from the other.