hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Delaware River Viaduct
The Delaware River Viaduct is a reinforced concrete railroad bridge across the Delaware River about two miles (3.2 km) south of the Delaware Water Gap in Pennsylvania and New Jersey, United States. It was built from 1908 to 1910 as part of the Lackawanna Cut-Off rail line.  It is the sister to the line's larger Paulinskill Viaduct.  The Delaware River Viaduct also crosses Interstate 80 on the east (New Jersey) side of the river and Slateford Road and the Lackawanna Railroad's "Old Road" (now Delaware-Lackawanna) on the west (Pennsylvania) side. Abandoned in 1983, it is part of an Amtrak proposal to introduce passenger service between Scranton, Pennsylvania and New York City, a distance of 135 mi (217 km).

The bridge is 1,452 feet (443 m) long and 65 ft (20 m) high from water level to the top of the rail. It is composed of five 150 ft (46 m) spans and two 120 ft (37 m) spans. It was considered the largest reinforced concrete structure in the world when it was completed in 1910.

Delaware-Lackawanna Railroad
The Delaware-Lackawanna Railroad (reporting mark DL) is a shortline railroad operating in Northeastern Pennsylvania, especially the Scranton area.

DL began service in August 1993 and is the designated operator for 88 miles (142 kilometres) of trackage in Lackawanna, Wayne, Northampton, and Monroe Counties. It is a subsidiary of holding company Genesee Valley Transportation Company, Inc. (GVT). It was founded by Jeffrey Baxter, Charles Riedmiller, John Herbrand, Michael Thomas and David Monte Verde who continue to make up its corporate ownership.
Duane Hanson
Duane Hanson (January 17, 1925 – January 6, 1996) was an American artist and sculptor born in Minnesota. He spent most of his career in South Florida. He was known for his life-sized realistic sculptures of people. He cast the works based on human models in various materials, including polyester resin, fiberglass, Bondo, and bronze. His sculptures often provided political-social commentary and satire.

Hanson's works are in the permanent collections of The Whitney Museum of American Art, The San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, and The Smithsonian.

Resin
A resin is a solid or highly viscous liquid that can be converted into a polymer. Resins may be biological or synthetic in origin, but are typically harvested from plants. Resins are mixtures of organic compounds insoluble in water, predominantly terpenes. Technically, resins should not be confused with gums, which consist predominantly of water-soluble polysaccharides, although these two terms are often interchangeable in the less formal context. Common resins include pine oleoresins, amber, hashish, frankincense, myrrh and the animal-derived resin, shellac. Resins are used in varnishes, adhesives, food additives, incenses and perfumes.

Resins protect plants from insects and pathogens, and are secreted in response to injury. Resins repel herbivores, insects, and pathogens, while the volatile phenolic compounds may attract benefactors such as predators of insects that attack the plant.
Gispwudwada
The Gispwudwada or Gisbutwada (variously spelled) is the name for the Killerwhale "clan" (phratry) in the language of the Tsimshian nation of British Columbia, Canada, and southeast Alaska. It is considered analogous or identical to the Gisgahaast (variously spelled; also Gisk'aast) clan in British Columbia's Gitxsan nation and the Gisḵ'ahaast/Gisḵ'aast Tribe of the Nisg̱a'a. The Nisg̱a'a also call this group the Killerwhale Tribe, though the Gitxsan use the term Fireweed clan; Gisgahaast means literally "people of the fireweed."

The name Gispwudwada is of unknown etymology.

The chief crests of the Gispwudwada are the Killerwhale (a.k.a. orca) ('neexł in Tsimshian) and Grizzly Bear (midiik).

Tsimshian matrilineal houses belonging to the Gispwudwada tend to belong to one of two groups, the Git'mlaxam and the Gitnagwinaks.

Phratry
In ancient Greece, a phratry (Ancient Greek: φρᾱτρῐ́ᾱ, romanized: phrātríā, lit. 'brotherhood, kinfolk', derived from Ancient Greek: φρᾱ́τηρ, romanized: phrā́tēr, lit. 'brother') was a group containing citizens in some city-states. Their existence is known in most Ionian cities and in Athens and it is thought that they existed elsewhere as well. Almost nothing is known about the functions and responsibilities of phratries outside Attica (the area around Athens). Within Athens, they played a prominent role in social and religious life, particularly in the major festival called the Apatouria. They played an important role in determining eligibility for Athenian citizenship and all citizens (with very few exceptions) and only citizens were enrolled in phratries. Particularly in anthropology, the term is also applied to similar descent groups of multiple clans in other societies.
Illegal drug trade
The illegal drug trade, drug trafficking, or narcotrafficking, is a global black market dedicated to the cultivation, manufacture, distribution, and sale of prohibited drugs. Most jurisdictions prohibit trade, except under license, of many types of drugs through the use of drug prohibition laws. The think tank Global Financial Integrity's Transnational Crime and the Developing World report estimates the size of the global illicit drug market between US$426 and US$652 billion in 2014. With a world GDP of US$78 trillion in the same year, the illegal drug trade may be estimated as nearly 1% of total global trade. Consumption of illegal drugs is widespread globally, and it remains very difficult for local authorities to reduce the rates of drug consumption.

Raymond W. Baker
Raymond W. Baker (born October 30, 1935) is an American businessman, scholar, author, and "authority on financial crime."  He is the founder and president of Global Financial Integrity, a research and advocacy organization in Washington, DC working to curtail illicit financial flows.
Sarter
Sarter is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Martin Sarter, German-American psychologist, married to Nadine

Nadine Sarter (born 1959), German-American industrial engineer, married to Martin

Stephan von Sarter (1833–1902), German-French financial expert

Nadine Sarter
Nadine Barbara Sarter (born 1959) is a German-American industrial engineer interested in multimodal interaction, touch user interfaces, aircraft cockpit controls, and the ergonomics of human-machine interfaces. She is Richard W. Pew Collegiate Professor of Industrial & Operations Engineering at the University of Michigan, where she directs the Center for Ergonomics and is also affiliated with the Robotics Institute and Department of Aerospace Engineering.
West Indies Federal Labour Party
The West Indies Federal Labour Party (WIFLP) or Federalists was one of  two main Federal parties in the short-lived West Indies Federation, the other being the West Indies Democratic Labour Party (DLP) or Democrats. The party was the first national party of the planned West Indies Federation. In the 1958 West Indies federal elections, the party was victorious, winning  25 of the 45 seats in the Federal Parliament of the West Indies Federation.

Grantley Herbert Adams
Sir Grantley Herbert Adams, CMG, QC (28 April 1898 – 28 November 1971) was a Barbadian politician. He served as the inaugural premier of Barbados from 1954 to 1958 and then became the first and only prime minister of the West Indies Federation from 1958 to 1962. He was a founder of the Barbados Labour Party (BLP), and he was named in 1998 as one of the National Heroes of Barbados.
Carlow county football team
The Carlow county football team (/ˈkɑːrloʊ/ KAR-loh) represents Carlow in men's Gaelic football and is governed by Carlow GAA, the county board of the Gaelic Athletic Association. The team competes in the three major annual inter-county competitions; the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, the Leinster Senior Football Championship and the National Football League.

Carlow's home ground is Dr Cullen Park, Carlow.

The team last won the Leinster Senior Championship in 1944, in Athy, but has never won a match in Croke Park or the All-Ireland Senior Championship or the National League.

Carlow
Carlow (/ˈkɑːrloʊ/ KAR-loh; Irish: Ceatharlach [ˈcahəɾˠl̪ˠəx]) is the county town of County Carlow, in the south-east of Ireland, 84 km (52 mi) from Dublin. At the 2022 census, it had a population of 27,351, the twelfth-largest urban center in Ireland.

The River Barrow flows through the town and forms the historic boundary between counties Laois and Carlow. However, the Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898 included the town entirely in County Carlow. The settlement of Carlow is thousands of years old and pre-dates written Irish history. The town has played a major role in Irish history, serving as the capital of the country in the 14th century. The town is in a townland and civil parish of the same name.
Blackening (cooking)
Blackening is a cooking technique used in the preparation of fish and other foods. Often associated with Cajun cuisine, this technique was invented and popularized by chef Paul Prudhomme. The food is dipped in melted butter and then sprinkled with a mixture of herbs and spices, usually some combination of thyme, oregano, chili pepper, peppercorns, salt, garlic powder, and onion powder. It is then cooked in a very hot cast-iron skillet. The characteristic brown-black color of the crust results from a combination of browned milk solids from the butter and charred spices.

While the original recipe calls for redfish (Red drum), the same method of preparation can be applied to other types of fish as well as proteins such as steak, chicken cutlets, or tofu.

Cast-iron cookware
Heavy-duty cookware made of cast iron is valued for its heat retention, durability, ability to maintain high temperatures for longer time duration, and non-stick cooking when properly seasoned. Seasoning is also used to protect bare cast iron from rust. Types of cast-iron cookware include  frying pans, dutch ovens, griddles, waffle irons, flattop grills,  panini presses, crêpe makers, deep fryers, tetsubin, woks, potjies, and karahi.
Brish Bhan
Babu Brish Bhan (9 September 1908 – 29 April 1988) was an Indian independence activist and politician who served as the final Chief Minister of the Patiala and East Punjab States Union from 1955 to 1956. He was also the only deputy chief minister of the state.

He completed his law from Law College Lahore in 1932. In 1951 and then in 1954 he became the deputy chief minister under the chief ministership of Raghbir Singh. After the death of Raghbir Singh he became the Chief Minister in 1955.

After the merger of the PEPSU with Punjab State on 1 November 1956 following the States Reorganisation Act, he became the member of the Punjab Legislative Assembly in 1962 from Sunam. He later represented Lehra from 1967.

He died on 29 April 1988. The Babu Brish Bhan DAV School at Moonak in Sangrur district is named after him.

Lehra Assembly constituency
Lehra Assembly constituency is a Punjab Legislative Assembly constituency in Sangrur district, Punjab state, India.

Rajinder Kaur Bhattal (INC), who was the first and only female Chief minister of Punjab. She won five consecutive times from Lehra constituency from 1992.
Ángel Luis Rosas Collazo
Ángel Luis Rosas Collazo (Born June 21, 1934 in Mayagüez, Puerto Rico) is a businessman and first commissioner of Puerto Rico Office of the Commissioner of Financial Institutions and first Dean of the UPRM College of Business Administration.

He has a B.A. in accounting from the University of Puerto Rico from 1955 to 1959.  He later continued to his Masters in Accounting from the University of Arizona from 1961 to 1962.

From 1964 to 1967 he was the Comptroller of José Gonzalez Clemente & Co. the makers of Ron Superior Rum in Mayagüez, Puerto Rico.  In 1971 he became the first Dean of the newly founded UPRM College of Business Administration.  Then he joined public service becoming the President and CEO of the Housing Bank of Puerto Rico from 1974 to 1976. From 1986 to 1989 he was the first commissioner of Puerto Rico Office of the Commissioner of Financial Institutions.

Mayagüez, Puerto Rico
Mayagüez (Spanish pronunciation: [maʝaˈɣwes], locally [maʝaˈweʔ]) is the ninth-largest municipality in Puerto Rico. It was founded as Pueblo de Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria de Mayagüez (Township of Our Lady of Candelaria), and is also known as La Sultana del Oeste (The Sultaness of the West), Ciudad de las Aguas Puras (City of Pure Waters), or Ciudad del Mangó (Mango City). On April 6, 1894, the Spanish Crown granted it the formal title of Excelente Ciudad de Mayagüez (Excellent City of Mayagüez). Mayagüez is located in the center of the western coast on the island of Puerto Rico. It has a population of 73,077, and it is the principal city of the Mayagüez Metropolitan Statistical Area (pop. 213,831) and the Mayagüez–Aguadilla, PR Combined Statistical Area (pop. 467,599).
Symphony No. 41 (Michael Haydn)
Michael Haydn's Symphony No. 41 in A major, Perger 33, Sherman 41, MH 508, written in Salzburg in 1789, is the last symphony he wrote (he lived for 17 more years). The symphony is scored for two oboes, two bassoons, two horns, and strings. It is in three movements:

The last movement is a vigorous fugato, something this work has in common with Mozart's Symphony No. 41.

Symphony
A symphony is an extended musical composition in Western classical music, most often for orchestra. Although the term has had many meanings from its origins in the ancient Greek era, by the late 18th century the word had taken on the meaning common today: a work usually consisting of multiple distinct sections or movements, often four, with the first movement in sonata form. Symphonies are almost always scored for an orchestra consisting of a string section (violin, viola, cello, and double bass), brass, woodwind, and percussion instruments which altogether number about 30 to 100 musicians. Symphonies are notated in a musical score, which contains all the instrument parts. Orchestral musicians play from parts which contain just the notated music for their own instrument. Some symphonies also contain vocal parts (e.g., Beethoven's Ninth Symphony, or Mahler's Second Symphony).
Pimelite
Pimelite was discredited as a mineral species by the International Mineralogical Association (IMA) in 2006, in an article which suggests that "pimelite" specimens are probably willemseite (which is approved), or kerolite (which is also discredited). This was a mass discreditation, and not based on any re-examination of the type material (assuming any exists).  Nevertheless, a considerable number of papers have been written, verifying that pimelite is a nickel-dominant smectite.  It is always possible to redefine a mineral wrongly discredited.

The mineral was erroneously assumed to be a nickel-rich talc in a paper published in the American Mineralogist in 1979, but it had already been determined to be a smectite as early as 1938, and this was confirmed in another article in the American Mineralogist in 1966.  Both nickel-bearing talc and nickel dominant smectite occur at the type locality, Szklary, Ząbkowice Śląskie County, Lower Silesia, Poland.

Valence (chemistry)
In chemistry, the valence (US spelling) or valency (British spelling) of an atom is a measure of its combining capacity with other atoms when it forms chemical compounds or molecules. Valence is generally understood to be the number of chemical bonds that each atom of a given chemical element typically forms. Double bonds are considered to be two bonds, triple bonds to be three, quadruple bonds to be four, quintuple bonds to be five and sextuple bonds to be six. In most compounds, the valence of hydrogen is 1, of oxygen is 2, of nitrogen is 3, and of carbon is 4. Valence is not to be confused with the related concepts of the coordination number, the oxidation state, or the number of valence electrons for a given atom.
Johannes Mabusela
Johannes Manyedi Mabusela (born 4 June 1984) is a South African chess player. He was awarded the title International Master by FIDE. He won the African Junior Chess Championship in 2002.

Mabusela tied for 1st–4th with Rodwell Makoto, Ahmed Adly and Daniel Cawdery in the 2012 South African Open, finishing second on tiebreak, the highest finishing South African player. He again finished as the best South African finisher in 2014. In 2019, Mabusela was the outright winner of the South African Open.

He played for the South African national team in the Chess Olympiads of 2008, 2010, 2012 and 2018, and in the All-Africa Games in 2003 and 2011. In the 2011 event he won two silver medals, team and individual playing on board 4.

40th Chess Olympiad
The 40th Chess Olympiad (Turkish: 40. Satranç Olimpiyatı), organised by the Fédération Internationale des Échecs and comprising an open and women's tournament, as well as several events designed to promote the game of chess, was an international team chess event that took place in Istanbul, Turkey, from 27 August to 10 September 2012. The city also hosted the event in 2000.

More than 1,700 players and team captains participated, including 157 teams in the open and 127 teams in the women's section. The main competitive events were held at the Istanbul Expo Center. The Chief Arbiter of the event was Greece's International Arbiter Panagiotis Nikolopoulos.
Calvin Abueva
Calvin Abueva (born February 4, 1988) is a Filipino professional basketball player for the Converge FiberXers of the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA). He was picked second overall by the Alaska Aces during the 2012 PBA Draft. He was nicknamed "The Beast" due to the all-around threat he brings at both ends of the court, he dominated the nation's collegiate ranks by posting excellent numbers during his tenure with the San Sebastian College – Recoletos Stags in the NCAA. He also became the first player in collegiate basketball history to lead a college league in points,
rebounds, and assists. Due to his versatility, him being frequently listed between 6'2 or 6'3, and his position as an undersized power forward for the Aces, Abueva has been frequently compared to the legendary import Sean Chambers.

2012 PBA draft
The 2012 Philippine Basketball Association (PBA) rookie draft was an event held at Robinson's Midtown Mall in Ermita, Manila on August 19, 2012 which allowed PBA teams to draft players from the amateur ranks.
Anna Genover-Mas
Anna Genover-Mas (born 1963) is a Catalan writer. She started to write adventure novels for children and young adults. She won the Vicenta Ferrer Vila de Paterna prize for the best children's literature book of 2007.

Genover-Mas was born in Girona in 1963. She studied journalism (BA, with Honors, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB)) and worked freelance for Spanish TV. Later she did cinema studies at NYU (postgrad in Cinematography) and Screenwriting at UCLA.

She now lives between Barcelona and Sant Feliu de Guíxols

Her first YA novel has been translated into English. The Grumpy Gardener (Catalan: La Jardinera Rondinaire), an ecological adventure, was published in April 2008. The prize-winning El broc màgic and El tresor de Pakamotu and "La predicció del mussol" are published in catalan.

She wrote her first novel for adults in 2024: Mandronius.

Girona
Girona, also known as Gerona, is the capital city of the Province of Girona in the autonomous community of Catalonia, Spain, at the confluence of the Ter, Onyar, Galligants, and Güell rivers. The city had an official population of 106,476 in 2024, but the population of the Girona–Salt urban area is estimated to be about 156,400 (2020). Girona is also capital of the comarca of the Gironès and the vegueria of Girona. Since much of the old quarter of this ancient city has been preserved, Girona is a popular tourist destination. The city is located 99 km (62 mi) northeast of Barcelona.
Risto Alapuro
Risto Sakari Alapuro (28 April 1944 – 6 December 2022) was a Finnish sociologist.

Alapuro was born in Ruokolahti on 28 April 1944.

Alapuro was a professor of sociology at University of Jyväskylä between 1986 and 1991, and a professor at Helsinki University from 1991 to 2010.

Alapuro was an internationally known social scientist who focused on historical sociology in Finland. He researched, studied and taught in France, Russia and the United States. He specialized in social movements, political conflicts and social networks.

Alapuro wrote his doctoral dissertation Akateeminen Karjala-Seura (in 1973). His other works include State and revolution in Finland (1988), which concerns the Finnish civil war, and Suomen synty paikallisena ilmiönä 1890-1933 (1994), which is about the birth of Finnish nationhood as a local phenomenon.

Alapuro died in Helsinki on 6 December 2022, at the age of 78.

University of Jyväskylä
The University of Jyväskylä (Finnish: Jyväskylän yliopisto) is a research university in Jyväskylä, Finland. It has its origins in the first Finnish-speaking Teacher Training College (the so-called Teacher Seminary), founded in 1863. Around 14,900 students are currently enrolled in the degree programs of the university.
Oakland Charter Township, Michigan
The Charter Township of Oakland is a charter township on the north Oakland County outskirts of Metro Detroit, in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is colloquially referred to as "Oakland Township". The population was 20,067 at the 2020 census.

Oakland Township is less densely populated than neighboring townships to the west, south, and east; and retains many elements of a rural, wooded residential bedroom community. Local ordinances and zoning laws are aimed at limiting commercial and industrial development while maintaining a cap on population density by way of a master plan.

Oakland Township's northern half has its own zip code, "Oakland, Michigan, 48363", while the southern portion of the township shares zip code 48306 with the northernmost portion of adjacent Rochester Hills. "Oakland", "Goodison", “Rochester”, and "Rochester Hills" are other city names recognized for addresses for residents in this township.

Detroit and Mackinac Railway
The Detroit and Mackinac Railway (reporting marks D&M, DM), informally known as the "Turtle Line", was a railroad in the northeastern part of the Lower Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan.  The railroad had its main offices and shops in Tawas City with its main line running from Bay City north to Cheboygan, and operated from 1894 to 1992. In 1946, it became the first all diesel haul railroad in the United States.

At the end of 1925 it incorporated 375 miles of road and 470 miles of track; that year the Turtle Line reported 81 million ton-miles of revenue freight and seven million passenger-miles. In 1967 it reported 124 million ton-miles on 224 miles of road.
Auteuring Nollywood
Auteuring Nollywood: Critical Perspectives on The Figurine is a book released on 31 July 2014, detailing the scholarly analysis of events in the 2009 film The Figurine directed by Kunle Afolayan. The book is the first book in the history of Nigerian Cinema to be devoted to the work of a single Nigerian film director and it contains scholarly essays, which explores "the thematic focus and cinematic style employed in The Figurine". It also contains interviews with the cast and crew of the film and insights into the African and Nigerian film industry. Since its release, the book has been getting rave reviews from critics, educators and film scholars.

Africa Movie Academy Awards
The Africa Movie Academy Awards (AMMA) is an annual entertainment award ceremony, presented to recognize excellence among African and non-African professionals, who have contributed to the African film industry. The award was founded by Peace Anyiam-Osigwe currently run by the Africa Film Academy. It is regarded as one of Africa's most notable film events, and have been sometimes referenced as the "African Oscars".