hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Aristida anaclasta
Aristida anaclasta is a species of grass in the family Poaceae. It is a perennial endemic to the island of Socotra in Yemen. It is known only from the type specimen, which was collected on the Rewgid plateau in north-central Socotra at about 300 metres elevation. The species is distinguished by its reflexed central awn.

Awn (botany)
An awn is a hairy or bristle-like growth on a plant.

On the seeds of grasses such as barley or rye, they form foxtails which assist seed dispersal by being barbed and so sticking to passing animals.  Also, the awns may twist or curl as they are wetted and dry out and this action can make fallen seeds walk until they fall into a crevice into which they then burrow.

Besides grasses, other families of plants which have awns include Asteraceae such as sunflowers and Geraniaceae such as geraniums.  In the latter, the awns help disperse the seeds by developing a tension which then catapults the seeds when the seed head ripens and dries out.
Salonen
Salonen is a Finnish surname of Virtanen type. Notable people with the surname include:

Anton Salonen, child with Russian-Finnish dual citizenship involved in a child custody dispute, see Anton Salonen incident

Brian Salonen (born 1961), American football tight end

Esa-Pekka Salonen (born 1958), Finnish orchestral conductor and composer

Juha Salonen (born 1961), Finnish judoka

Kristiina Salonen (born 1977), Finnish politician

Neil Albert Salonen (born 1946), president of the University of Bridgeport

Olavi Salonen (1933–2025), Finnish athlete

Pauli Salonen (1916–2009), Finnish Nordic combined skier

Reima Salonen (born 1955), race walker from Finland

Satu Salonen (born 1973), Finnish cross country skier

Timo Salonen (born 1951), Finnish former rally driver, 1985 world champion for Peugeot

Toivo Salonen (1933–2019), speed skater from Finland

Reima Salonen
Reima Untamo Salonen (born November 19, 1955, in Taivassalo, Southwest Finland) is a retired race walker from Finland, known for winning the gold medal in the men's 50 km Walk event at the 1982 European Championships in Athens, Greece. A former world record holder, he represented his native country in three Summer Olympics (1980, 1984 and 1988).

He was the bronze medalist at the 1976 World Championships in Athletics – a one-off 50 km walk competition to compensate for the dropping of the event at the 1976 Summer Olympics.
Menck
Menck & Hambrock (also known as Menck) was a German manufacturer of earth moving and ramming equipment and once one of the world's leading companies. They were based in central Altona Ottensen, a part of Hamburg. Today the company operates as MENCK GmbH.

Altona, Hamburg
Altona (German: [ˈaltonaː] ⓘ), also called Hamburg-Altona, is the westernmost urban borough (Bezirk) of the German city state of Hamburg. Located on the right bank of the Elbe river, Altona had a population of 270,263 in 2016.

From 1640 to 1864, Altona was under the administration of the Danish monarchy. Altona was an independent borough until 1937.
2.0 (soundtrack)
2.0 is the soundtrack album and score for the 2018 Indian Tamil science fiction action film of the same name. A. R. Rahman composed the feature film soundtrack and background score. The lyrics for the songs has been penned by Madhan Karky, Na. Muthukumar in Tamil.

Rahman was chosen to compose the songs, during the pre-production works of the film in December 2015. The recording process for the songs and original score, took place for nearly four years. The soundtrack album was launched at a promotional event held on 27 October 2017, at Burj Al Arab, Dubai, where the film's cast and crew and other celebrities attended the event. Two songs from the movie was released in Tamil, and also the dubbed versions in Telugu and Hindi, on the same day and A bonus track was released on 6 November 2018, in Tamil as well as the dubbed versions in Telugu and Hindi. The album received generally positive reviews from critics.

Blaaze
Lakshmi Narasimha Vijaya Rajagopala Sheshadri Sharma Rajesh Raman (born 15 October 1975), professionally known as Blaaze (/ˈblɑːzeɪ/), is an Indian Tamil language playback singer and rapper in Indian cinema who specializes in writing and performing rap music. An Indian by birth, born in Chennai, he grew up in Zambia and later did his education in England and in the US.
Pramanta
Pramanta (Greek: Πράμαντα) is a village and a former municipality in the Ioannina regional unit, Epirus, in northwestern Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform, it is part of the municipality North Tzoumerka, of which it is a municipal unit. In 2021 its population was 1,514 for the community and 1,759 for the municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 69.058 km2 and the community 39.435 km2. Pramanta is situated in the Athamanika mountains, at about 840m elevation. It is 4 km west of Melissourgoi, 6 km north of Agnanta, 6 km south of Prosilio, 65 km southeast of Ioannina, 70 km northeast of Arta and 28 km south of Metsovo.

Agnanta
Agnanta (Greek: Άγναντα) is a village and a former municipality in the Arta regional unit, Epirus, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform, it is part of the municipality Central Tzoumerka, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 124.344 km2. Agnanta is one of the largest villages of the Tzoumerka region. The population of the municipal unit is 1,860 (2021). It is located at a distance of 55 km north of the city of Arta and east of the city of Ioannina. The geographical center of the village has an altitude of 650–700 m, while some of its highest districts approach an altitude of 1000 m. The name Agnanta has its origin in the Greek adverb agnantia, which means across (agnantevo means look across, watch/look from far).
Vicki Escarra
Vicki Escarra is an American business executive and entrepreneur. She is the founder of Vicki Escarra LLC and serves as a Senior Advisor and Executive Coach at Boston Consulting Group. Vicki is primarily known for her tenure as CMO of Delta Air Lines, CEO of Feeding America, and Global CEO of Opportunity International.

Delta Air Lines
Delta Air Lines, Inc. is a major airline in the United States headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, operating nine hubs, with Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport being its largest in terms of total passengers and number of departures. With its regional subsidiaries and contractors operating under the brand name Delta Connection, Delta has over 5,400 flights daily and serves 325 destinations in 52 countries on six continents.

Delta is a founding member of the SkyTeam airline alliance. It is the second-oldest operating commercial airline in the U.S. It ranks first in revenue and brand value among the world's largest airlines, and second by number of passengers carried and passenger miles flown.
John Bridgeman play sculpture, Birmingham
The sculptor John Bridgeman was commissioned in the early 1960s by playground designer Mary Frances Mitchell, to create an abstract sculpture in concrete, for a Birmingham City Council playground, on Curtis Gardens, on a housing estate on Fox Hollies Road in the Acocks Green district of Birmingham, England. It has been described as "fish like".

It is the only one of a series of playground sculptures by Bridgeman, who was head of sculpture at Birmingham College of Arts and Crafts until 1981, to survive. It was originally painted in a metallic sheen, but this is now mostly worn off.

In February 2015, the untitled piece was grade II listed by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport, on the advice of Historic England, giving it legal protection from removal or alteration.

Birmingham City Council
Birmingham City Council is the local authority for the city of Birmingham in the West Midlands, England. Birmingham has had an elected local authority since 1838, which has been reformed several times. Since 1974 the council has been a metropolitan borough council, a type of unitary authority. It provides the majority of local government services in the city. It is the most populous local government district in England, serving over 1.1 million people. The council has been a member of the West Midlands Combined Authority since 2016.

The council has been under Labour majority control since 2012. It is based at the Council House on Victoria Square, Birmingham.

On 6 September 2023, the council declared effective bankruptcy, and central government commissioners were subsequently appointed to run the council under emergency measures.
St. Pölten Hauptbahnhof
St. Pölten Hauptbahnhof is the main railway station at St. Pölten, which is the capital city of the federal state of Lower Austria, located in the north east of Austria. The station is one of the western endpoints of the Verkehrsverbund Ost-Region (East Region Transportation Authority).

Tulln an der Donau
Tulln an der Donau (lit. 'Tulln on the Danube') is a historic town in the Austrian state of Lower Austria, the administrative seat of Tulln District. Because of its abundance of parks and gardens, Tulln is often referred to as Blumenstadt ("City of Flowers"), and "The City of Togetherness" following the initiative of Peter Eisenschenk, Mayor of Tulln.
The Turrets
The Turrets is a historic summer estate house on Eden Street in Bar Harbor, Maine.  Designed by New York City architect Bruce Price and built in 1895, the French Chateau-style building was one of the most elaborate built in Bar Harbor during its heyday as a summer resort.  It is now part of the campus of the College of the Atlantic, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.

Bar Harbor, Maine
Bar Harbor is a resort town on Mount Desert Island in Hancock County, Maine, United States. As of the 2020 census, its population is 5,089. The town is home to the College of the Atlantic, Jackson Laboratory, and MDI Biological Laboratory. During summer and fall seasons, it is a popular tourist destination.

Bar Harbor is also home to the largest parts of Acadia National Park, including Cadillac Mountain, the highest point within 25 miles (40 km) of the coastline of the Eastern United States.

From the mainland, Bar Harbor is accessible by road via Maine State Route 3. The island is directly accessible by air at Hancock County–Bar Harbor Airport, and by ferry from Winter Harbor, Maine, and Yarmouth, Nova Scotia.
Rameez Junaid
Rameez Junaid (born 25 May 1981) is an Australian professional tennis player of Pakistani descent.

Junaid is based in Melbourne, Victoria, and is currently ranked in the world’s top 100 in doubles.  His doubles partners have included Philipp Marx, Adil Shamasdin and Aisam-ul-Haq Qureshi (in Dubai in 2007).

Philipp Marx
Philipp Marx (German pronunciation: [ˈfiːlɪp ˈmaʁks]; born 3 February 1982) is a German professional tennis player. Marx competes on the ATP Challenger Tour and the ATP World Tour, both in singles and doubles. He reached his highest ATP singles ranking, No. 300, on April 3, 2006, and his highest ATP doubles ranking, No. 53, on 27 September 2010.
Kelvin (kidnapper)
Kelvin Ibruvwe or Kelvin Oniarah mononymously known as Kelvin is a Nigerian kidnapper. He was arrested on 25 September 2013 by a joint team of the Nigerian army and Department of State Security Services.

Nigerian Army
The Nigerian Army (NA) is the land force of the Nigerian Armed Forces. It is the largest component of the Nigerian Armed Forces. The President of Nigeria is the Commander-in-Chief of the Nigerian Army, and its professional head is the Chief of Army Staff, who is the highest ranking military officer of the Nigerian Army.  It is governed by the Nigerian Army Council (NAC). The Nigerian Army is operationally and geographically divided into ten divisions, the basic field formation. The army has been involved in operations throughout the country, most especially during the Nigerian Civil War, and has undertaken major operations abroad. Nigerian Army officers have served as chiefs of defence in other countries, with Brigadier General Maxwell Khobe serving as Sierra Leone chief of staff in 1998–1999, and Nigerian officers acting as Command Officer-in-Charge of the Armed Forces of Liberia from at least 2007.
Joseph Gabet
Joseph Gabet (4 December 1808 – 1853) was a French Catholic Lazarite missionary. He was active in Northern China and Mongolia before traveling to Tibet with Évariste Huc. Expelled and arrested, he died in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Congregation of the Mission
The Congregation of the Mission (Latin: Congregatio Missionis), abbreviated CM and commonly called the Vincentians or Lazarists, is a Catholic society of apostolic life of pontifical right for men founded by Vincent de Paul. It is associated with the Vincentian Family, a loose federation of organizations that consider Vincent de Paul as their founder or patron.
Stridhana
Stridhana is a term associated with property in Hindu law. Whether property is stridhan, or a woman’s estate, depends on the source from which it has been obtained. A woman has inalienable rights over stridhan, and she can claim the same even after separation from her husband.

Dāyabhāga
The Dāyabhāga is a Hindu law treatise written by Jīmūtavāhana which primarily focuses on inheritance procedure. The Dāyabhāga was the strongest authority in Modern British Indian courts in the Bengal region of India, although this has changed due to the passage of the Hindu Succession Act of 1956 and subsequent revisions to the act. Based on Jīmūtavāhana's criticisms of the Mitākṣarā, it is thought that his work is preceded by the Mitākṣarā. This has led many scholars to conclude that the Mitākṣarā represents the orthodox doctrine of Hindu law, while the Dāyabhāga represents the reformed version.

The central difference between the texts is based upon when one becomes the owner of property. The Dāyabhāga does not give the sons a right to their father's ancestral property until after his death, unlike Mitākṣarā, which gives the sons the right to ancestral property upon their birth. The digest has been commented on more than a dozen times.
Kumen
Kumen (pronounced [ˈkuːmən]) is a dispersed settlement in the Pohorje Hills in the Municipality of Lovrenc na Pohorju in northeastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included in the Drava Statistical Region.

A chapel with a belfry in the northeastern part of the settlement is dedicated to Saint Anne and was built in 1659.

Saint Anne
According to Christian tradition, Saint Anne (also known as Ann or Anna) was the mother of Mary, the wife of Joachim and the maternal grandmother of Jesus. Mary's mother is not named in the Bible's canonical gospels. In writing, Ann's name and that of her husband Joachim come from New Testament apocrypha, of which the Gospel of James (written perhaps around 150 AD) seems to be the earliest that mentions them. The mother of Mary is mentioned but not named in the Quran.
Deepak Hegde
Deepak Hegde (born November 5, 1977) is an Indian American business scholar who is the Seymour Milstein Professor of Strategy at the New York University, Stern School of Business.

Hegde is best known for his study of how innovation and entrepreneurship is shaped by public policy and private business practices. Notably he has offered evidence for the benefits of speedy approval and early publishing of patents. He has also studied multiple factors that impact entrepreneurship, including asymmetry of information on employee qualifications, the relevance of shared ethnic backgrounds, and bankruptcy protection regimes.

Hegde is also the founder and director of entrepreneurship programs notable for their practical pedagogy in helping real-life start-ups commercialize scientific innovations by bringing together scientists, business managers, and investors.

Scholar
A scholar is a person who is a researcher or has expertise in an academic discipline. A scholar can also be an academic, who works as a professor, teacher, or researcher at a university. An academic usually holds an advanced degree or a terminal degree, such as a master's degree or a doctorate. Independent scholars and public intellectuals work outside the academy yet may publish in academic journals and participate in scholarly public discussion.
Lichfield rail crash
The Lichfield rail crash was a rail crash which occurred on New Year's Day 1946 at Lichfield Trent Valley station in Staffordshire, England. 20 people were killed in the accident, caused when a points failure routed a goods train into the back of a stationary passenger train waiting at the station.

Railroad switch
A railroad switch (AE), turnout, or (set of) points (CE) is a mechanical installation enabling railway trains to be guided from one track to another, such as at a railway junction or where a spur or siding branches off.
Northern Subject Rule
The Northern Subject Rule is a grammatical pattern that occurs in Northern English and Scots dialects. Present-tense verbs may take the verbal ‑s suffix, except when they are directly adjacent to one of the personal pronouns I, you, we, or they as their subject. As a result, they sing contrasts with the birds sings; they sing and dances; it's you that sings; I only sings. Various core areas for the rule have been proposed, including Yorkshire and southern Scotland.

The Northern Subject Rule is also present in Newfoundland English, although a 2011 study by Philip Comeau argues that it differs from the Northern Subject Rule of British dialects, because it is a marker of habitual aspect or verb stativity.

In several other dialects across England, occasional variations in agreement between subjects and verbs can be found.

Stative verb
In linguistics, a stative verb is a verb that describes a state of being, in contrast to a dynamic verb, which describes an action. The difference can be categorized by saying that stative verbs describe situations that are static, or unchanging throughout their entire duration, and dynamic verbs describe processes that entail change over time. Many languages distinguish between the two types in terms of how they can be used grammatically.
Idaho's 26th legislative district
Idaho's 26th legislative district is one of 35 districts of the Idaho Legislature. It is currently represented by Senator Michelle Stennett, Democrat  of Ketchum, Representative Ned Burns, Democrat of Bellevue, and Representative Sally Toone, Democrat of Gooding.

Bellevue, Idaho
Bellevue is a city in Blaine County in the central part of the U.S. state of Idaho. The population was 2,560 at the 2020 census, up from 2,287 in 2010.

It is located in the Wood River Valley, about 18 miles (29 km) south of the resort area of Ketchum and Sun Valley. The city of Hailey and the Friedman Memorial Airport are a few miles north of Bellevue. The Big Wood River flows near downtown.

The Bellevue Historic District and the Henry Miller House are both listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Ab epistulis
Ab epistulis was the chancellor's office in the Roman Empire with responsibility for the emperor's correspondence. The office sent mandata (instructions) to provincial governors and other officials.

Ab epistulis wrote in Latin (ab epistulis latinis) and in Greek (ab epistulis graecis), and composed the short responses to petitions on behalf of the emperor. Holders of the position usually had a particular vocation for literary matters.

Letter (message)
A letter is a written message conveyed from one person (or group of people) to another through a medium. Something epistolary means that it is a form of letter writing. The term usually excludes written material intended to be read in its original form by large numbers of people, such as newspapers and placards, although even these may include material in the form of an "open letter". The typical form of a letter for many centuries, and the archetypal concept even today, is a sheet (or several sheets) of paper that is sent to a correspondent through a postal system. A letter can be formal or informal, depending on its audience and purpose. Besides being a means of communication and a store of information, letter writing has played a role in the reproduction of writing as an art throughout history. Letters have been sent since antiquity and are mentioned in the Iliad. Historians Herodotus and Thucydides mention and use letters in their writings.
Jim Smallman
James Daniel Smallman is a stand-up comedian, radio presenter, professional wrestling promoter, blogger and voice-over artist. Smallman attended school in Hinckley, and went on to De Montfort University, graduating with a first-class Honours degree in English Literature.

BBC Radio Leicester
BBC Radio Leicester is the BBC's local radio station serving the counties of Leicestershire and Rutland.

It broadcasts on FM, DAB, digital TV and via BBC Sounds from studios at St Nicholas Place in Leicester.

According to RAJAR, the station had a weekly audience of 100,000 listeners as of May 2025.
Lake Claire, Atlanta
Lake Claire is a neighborhood on the east side of Atlanta, Georgia, United States, comprising approximately 1,200 homes. It is situated entirely in the DeKalb County side of the city, east of Candler Park, north of Kirkwood, west of Decatur, and south of Druid Hills.

There was never an actual body of water known as Lake Claire; rather, the name was shorthand for the intersection of Lakeshore and Claire Drives. The closest thing to a commercial district is the small strip bordering Candler Park at McLendon and Clifton.

Part of the neighborhood lies with the Candler Park Historic District, which has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Decatur, Georgia
Decatur (/dəˈkeɪtər/) is a city in and the county seat of DeKalb County, Georgia, United States, part of the Atlanta metropolitan area. With a population of 24,928 in the 2020 census, the municipality is sometimes assumed to be larger since multiple ZIP Codes in unincorporated DeKalb County bear Decatur as the address.

The city is served by three MARTA rail stations (Decatur, East Lake, and Avondale). The city is located approximately five miles (eight kilometers) northeast of Downtown Atlanta and shares its western border with both the city of Atlanta (the Kirkwood and Lake Claire neighborhoods) and unincorporated DeKalb County. The Druid Hills neighborhood is to the northwest of Decatur.
1970–71 Honduran Liga Nacional
The 1970–71 Honduran Liga Nacional season was the 6th edition of the Honduran Liga Nacional.  The format of the tournament remained the same as the previous season.  C.D. Motagua won the title and qualified to the 1971 CONCACAF Champions' Cup along with runners-up Club Deportivo Olimpia.

Liga Nacional de Fútbol de Honduras
Liga Nacional de Fútbol Profesional de Honduras, known as Liga Hondubet for sponsorship reasons (Honduran National Professional Football League) is the highest division of domestic football in Honduras. The league season is divided into Opening (autumn) and Closing (spring). One team is relegated to the Liga de Ascenso (the team with fewest points in Opening and Closing) and one team is promoted from Liga de Ascenso. The top four clubs participate in play-offs to decide the champion.
Langhammer
Langhammer is a German surname. Notable people with this surname include:

Arthur Langhammer (1854–1901), German painter

Daniel Langhamer, Czech footballer

Fred Langhammer, American business executive

Jakub Langhammer (born 1984), Czech ice hockey player

Maria Langhammer (born 1962), Swedish singer and actor

Mark Langhammer,  Northern Irish trade unionist

Uwe Langhammer (born 1965), East German pole vaulter

Ia Langhammer
Maria Christina "Ia" Langhammer (born 13 August 1962 in Stockholm) is a Swedish singer and actor.

Langhammer studied at Swedish National Academy of Mime and Acting until 1989. In 1998 she received a Guldbagge Award for her role as Berit in the film Hela härligheten.

She played an overbearing mother-in-law in Thank You, I'm Sorry (2023), for which she was nominated for a Guldbagge Award for Best Supporting Actress.