hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chloromethane
Chloromethane, also called methyl chloride, Refrigerant-40, R-40 or HCC 40, is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH3Cl. One of the haloalkanes, it is a colorless, sweet-smelling, flammable gas. Methyl chloride is a crucial reagent in industrial chemistry, although it is rarely present in consumer products, and was formerly utilized as a refrigerant.  Most chloromethane is biogenic.

Methanol
Methanol (also called methyl alcohol, wood alcohol, and wood spirit, amongst other names) is an organic chemical compound and the simplest aliphatic alcohol, with the chemical formula CH3OH (a methyl group linked to a hydroxyl group, often abbreviated as MeOH). It is a light, volatile, colorless and flammable liquid with a distinctive alcoholic odor similar to that of ethanol (potable alcohol), but is more acutely toxic than the latter.
Methanol acquired the name wood alcohol because it was once produced through destructive distillation of wood. Today, methanol is mainly produced industrially by hydrogenation of carbon monoxide.

Methanol consists of a methyl group linked to a polar hydroxyl group. With more than 20 million tons produced annually, it is used as a precursor to other commodity chemicals, including formaldehyde, acetic acid, methyl tert-butyl ether, methyl benzoate, anisole, peroxyacids, as well as a host of more specialized chemicals.
Matt Ragghianti
Matt "Raggs" Ragghianti is an American television writer and writer's assistant.  He wrote an episode of the second season of Lost and was a writer's assistant during the first two seasons of the show. The Lost writing staff were nominated for the Writers Guild of America (WGA) Award for Best Dramatic Series at the February 2007 ceremony for their work on the second and third seasons.

Writers Guild of America Awards
The Writers Guild of America Awards is an award for film, television, and radio writing including both fiction and non-fiction categories given by the Writers Guild of America, East and Writers Guild of America West since 1949.
Phil Greenwald
Phil Greenwald (also known as Philip "Phil or Philly" Greenwald) (August 31, 1918 – January 18, 1982) was a Jewish-American social icon in the entertainment industry of his day. He could be described as a celebrity among celebrities, who worked as a successful talent booker for the Concord Hotel. He was also the director of Entertainment and the producer for the Concord's Imperial room (which at that time was the largest nightclub in the world as designed by Morris Lapidus).: 154  His influence and ability to get many of the most famous celebrities of his time to entertain at the Concord helped add to the fame of not only the Concord, but the greater Borscht Belt and Catskill mountain area and advanced the Jewish cultural influence in the region.

Morris Lapidus
Morris Lapidus (November 25, 1902 – January 18, 2001) was an architect, primarily known for his Neo-baroque "Miami Modern" hotels constructed in the 1950s and 60s, which have since come to define that era's resort-hotel style, synonymous with Miami and Miami Beach.

A Jewish Ukrainian immigrant based in New York, Lapidus designed over 1,000 buildings during a career spanning more than 50 years, much of it spent as an outsider to the American architectural establishment.
Senator William V. Roth Jr. Bridge
The Senator William V. Roth Jr. Bridge (originally the Chesapeake & Delaware Canal Bridge and also referred to as the Roth Bridge) is a concrete and steel cable-stayed bridge that spans the Chesapeake & Delaware Canal near St. Georges, Delaware. The bridge is located near a tolled section of Delaware Route 1 that runs parallel to the St. Georges Bridge carrying U.S. Route 13.  In November 2006, the bridge was named after U.S. Senator William V. Roth Jr., who not only lent his name to the Roth IRA, but was instrumental in securing federal funding to build the bridge.  It is owned and operated by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and does not carry a toll, despite the location of a nearby toll plaza.

Roth IRA
A Roth IRA is an individual retirement account (IRA) under United States law that is generally not taxed upon distribution, provided certain conditions are met. The principal difference between Roth IRAs and most other tax-advantaged retirement plans is that rather than granting an income tax reduction for contributions to the retirement plan, qualified withdrawals from the Roth IRA plan are tax-free, and growth in the account is tax-free.

The Roth IRA was introduced as part of the Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997 and is named for Senator William Roth.
Tryne Crossing
Tryne Crossing (68°30′S 78°18′E﻿ / ﻿68.500°S 78.300°E﻿ / -68.500; 78.300) is a low but rough pass across Langnes Peninsula, Vestfold Hills, leading from the southwest arm of Tryne Fjord to Langnes Fjord. Used for portage and sledges and probably suitable for tracked vehicles. The area was mapped from air photos taken by the Lars Christensen Expedition (1936–37), and was photographed by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump (1946–47). First traversed by an ANARE (Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions) party led by B.H. Stinear, May 13, 1957, and named for its association with Tryne Fjord.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Tryne Crossing". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions
The Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions (ANARE /ænˈɑːri/ ann-AR-ee) is the historical name for the Australian Antarctic Program (AAP) administered for Australia by the Australian Antarctic Division (AAD).
2018 Fed Cup Americas Zone Group II – Pool A (Guayaquil)
Pool A (Guayaquil) of the 2018 Fed Cup Americas Group II was one of four pools in the Americas Group II of the 2018 Fed Cup. Three teams competed in a round robin competition, with the top team and bottom teams proceeding to their respective sections of the play-offs: the top team played for advancement to Group I.

Pool (cue sports)
Pool is a group of cue sports played on a billiard table. The table has six pockets along the rails, into which balls are shot. Of the many different pool games, the most popular include: eight-ball, blackball, nine-ball, ten-ball, seven-ball, straight pool, one-pocket, and bank pool. Eight-ball is the most frequently played discipline of pool, and it is often thought of as synonymous with "pool".

The generic term pocket billiards is sometimes also used, and favored by some pool-industry bodies, but is technically a broader classification, including games such as snooker, Russian pyramid, and kaisa, which are not referred to as pool games. There are also hybrid games combining aspects of both pool and carom billiards, such as American four-ball billiards, bottle pool, cowboy pool, and English billiards.
Hiralal Macchi
Hiralal Macchi was an Indian cricketer who played for Gujarat.

Macchi made a single first-class appearance for the side, during the 1981–82 season, against Baroda. From the lower-middle order, he scored 2 runs in the first innings in which he batted, and a single run in the second.

Macchi bowled two overs in the match, conceding 9 runs.

Baroda cricket team
The Baroda cricket team is a domestic cricket team based in the city of Vadodara, Gujarat. The home ground of the team is the Baroda Cricket Association Stadium. It is one of the three first-class cricket teams based in the Indian state of Gujarat (the other two being the Saurashtra cricket team and the Gujarat cricket team).

The team is run by the Baroda Cricket Association. It has been one of the most successful teams in the Ranji Trophy in the new millennium. Baroda were runners-up in the 2005/06 Ranji Trophy.
Unadilla bidensana
Unadilla bidensana is a moth of the family Pyralidae described by Otto Herman Swezey in 1933. It is endemic to the Hawaiian island of Kauai.

The larvae feed on Bidens cosmoides. They bore in the stems of their host plant. The infested stems become swollen and gall-like. Pupation takes place within this swelling.

Gall
Galls (from the Latin galla, 'oak-apple') or cecidia (from the Greek kēkidion, anything gushing out) are a kind of swelling growth on the external tissues of plants. Plant galls are abnormal outgrowths of plant tissues, similar to benign tumors or warts in animals. They can be caused by various parasites, from viruses, fungi and bacteria, to other plants, insects and mites. Plant galls can be such highly organized structures that their cause can be determined without the actual agent being identified. This applies particularly to insect and mite plant galls. The study of plant galls is known as cecidology.
Newhalen River
The Newhalen River (Dena'ina: Nughiltnu) is a 22-mile (35 km) stream in the Lake and Peninsula Borough of the U.S. state of Alaska. Beginning at Six Mile Lake, the Newhalen flows south to enter Iliamna Lake about 3 miles (5 km) south of Iliamna.

Alaska Fishing describes the river as "the major pathway for a mind-boggling migration of sockeye salmon" that ascend the stream in early summer. The main game fish in addition to sockeye are rainbow trout.

It is possible to float parts of the Newhalen in rafts and kayaks. However, waterfalls rated Class V (extremely difficult) on the International Scale of River Difficulty and other sections of whitewater rated Class IV (very difficult) mean that the river "is rarely run in its entirety".  The first 8 miles (13 km) below Six Mile Lake are Class I (easy), and there is a take-out point, Upper Landing, at the end of this stretch. More difficult water begins below Upper Landing.

Sockeye salmon
The sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), also called red salmon, kokanee salmon, blueback salmon, or simply sockeye, is an anadromous species of salmon found in the Northern Pacific Ocean and rivers discharging into it. This species is a Pacific salmon that is primarily red in hue during spawning.  They can grow up to 84 cm (2 ft 9 in) in length and weigh 2.3 to 7 kg (5–15 lb). Juveniles remain in freshwater until they are ready to migrate to the ocean, over distances of up to 1,600 km (1,000 mi). Their diet consists primarily of zooplankton. Sockeye salmon are semelparous, dying after they spawn. Some populations, referred to as kokanee, do not migrate to the ocean and live their entire lives in fresh water.
Orașu Nou mine
The Orașu Nou mine is a large, privately-held mine in the northwest of Romania in Satu Mare County, 45 kilometres (28 mi) northeast of Satu Mare and 641 kilometres (398 mi) north of the capital, Bucharest. Orașu Nou represents the largest bentonite reserve in Romania, having estimated reserves of 25 million tonnes (25,000,000 long tons; 28,000,000 short tons).

Satu Mare
Satu Mare (pronounced [ˈsatu ˈmare] ⓘ; Hungarian: Szatmárnémeti [sɒtmaːrneːmɛti]; German: Sathmar; Yiddish: סאטמאר Satmar or סאַטמער Satmer) is a city in Romania with a population of 102,400 (2011). It is the capital of Satu Mare County as well as the centre of the Satu Mare metropolitan area. It lies in the region of Maramureș, broadly part of Transylvania. Mentioned in the Gesta Hungarorum as castrum Zotmar ("Zotmar's fort"), the city has a history going back to the Middle Ages. Today, it is an academic, cultural, industrial, and business centre in the Nord-Vest development region.
Gianmarco Calleri
Gianmarco Calleri (10 January 1942 – 8 March 2023) was an Italian footballer, entrepreneur and sports functionary.

Calleri was born in Busalla on 10 January 1942. A professional football player, he was a pupil of the Piedmontese team  G.S. Bacigalupo.  He played for the Novara Calcio  and S.S. Monza 1912. The whole season was considered a player S.S. Lazio, but never made his debut in the first team.

Calleri was President of U.S. Alessandria Calcio 1912 (1983–1985), S.S. Lazio (1986–1992), Torino F.C. (1994–1997), and AC Bellinzona (1998–2001).

Calleri died on 8 March 2023, at the age of 81.

Busalla
Busalla is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Genoa in the Italian region Liguria, located about 27 kilometres (17 mi) north of Genoa.

Its territory is crossed by the upper valley of the Scrivia river. Nearby is the artificial Lake Busalletta.
Catherine Zoubtchenko
Catherine Zoubtchenko (born in 1937)  is a Russian-born French artist most well known for her abstract style of painting. She was born in Leningrad, Russia, and was deported along with her parents to Berlin in 1941 by Nazi Germany. She moved to Paris in 1954 where she started her life as an artist. Zoubtchenko's work has been circulating in the art market for some time. According to Artnet, she has had paintings sold at Auction as early as 1989. Her paintings usually sell for upwards of €6,000 and even up to €20,000. Her work has been commented upon by Jean-Claude Marcadé and exposed in numerous galleries and museums throughout Europe (especially within France and Russia).

Catherine Zoubtchenko is still active and continues to paint in her studio in Paris.

Artnet
Artnet is an art market website based in New York City. Established in 1989 to provide consumers with access to databases of historical prices paid for works of art at auction, Artnet expanded in the 1990s to host its own online auctions and provide digital platforms for art galleries to publish their exhibitions online. The website has also hosted two successive digital publications focused on art world and market news, Artnet Magazine (1996–2012), and Artnet News (2014–present).

Artnet is owned by Artnet AG, a German company previously listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange. Artnet AG was acquired by the American venture capital firm Beowolff Capital in 2025 and taken private.
Silverhawk Generating Station
Silverhawk Generating Station is a 585 MW gas-fired power station located in the Apex Industrial Park in North Las Vegas, Nevada.  Power is generated by a D-11 steam turbine powered by two 501FD2 combustion turbines. The Southern Nevada Water Authority is a 25% owner in the plant.

North Las Vegas, Nevada
North Las Vegas is a suburban city in Clark County, Nevada, United States, in the Las Vegas Valley. As of the 2020 census, it had a population of 262,527, with an estimated population of 280,543 in 2022. The city was incorporated on May 1, 1946. It is the 4th most populous city in the state of Nevada, and the 73rd most populous city in the United States.
Rogeno
Rogeno (Brianzöö: Rògen) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Lecco in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 35 kilometres (22 mi) north of Milan and about 13 kilometres (8 mi) southwest of Lecco.

Rogeno borders the following municipalities: Bosisio Parini, Costa Masnaga, Eupilio, Merone, Molteno.

Brianzöö dialect
Brianzöö (modern orthography) or Brianzoeu (historical orthography) is a group of variants (Prealpine and Western Lombard – macromilanese) of the Western variety of the Lombard language, spoken in the region of Brianza.
Another Day in Paradise (mixtape)
Another Day in Paradise is the ninth mixtape by Palestinian-Canadian rapper Belly. It was released on 27 May 2016 through XO and Roc Nation. The mixtape features guest appearances from Starrah, Travis Scott, Waka Flocka Flame, Kehlani, Lil Wayne, Juicy J, and B-Real. Production was handled by the ANMLS, DannyBoyStyles, DaHeala, Infamous, Velous, Krack Keys, and Honorable C.N.O.T.E.

Roc Nation
Roc Nation is an American entertainment company founded by Jay-Z in 2008. Headquartered in New York City, the company is a successor to his previous Roc-A-Fella Records label, with additional offices in Los Angeles and London. It serves as a record label, talent agency, media production firm and clothing line along with educational and philanthropic programs.

It is co-owned by Jay-Z & Live Nation Entertainment.
Wyatt Henderson
Wyatt Henderson (born November 10, 1956) is an American former professional football player who was a defensive back for the San Diego Chargers of the National Football League (NFL) in 1981. He played college football for the Fresno State Bulldogs. He also played in the United States Football League (USFL) for the Oakland Invaders in 1983 and for the Jacksonville Bulls in 1984.

Oakland Invaders
The Oakland Invaders were a professional American football team that played in the United States Football League (USFL) from 1983 through 1985.  Based in Oakland, California, they played at the Oakland–Alameda County Coliseum.

The team can trace its history to 1977 when they played in the California Football League as the Twin Cities Cougars, and won four league championships (1979–1982). During that time, they played their home games at the Marysville High School field.
Frieda Friedman
Frieda Friedman (born 1905, date of death unknown) was a writer of children's literature who, from the mid-1940s to the late 1960s, published several short, illustrated novels primarily intended for preteen and adolescent girls. Her works enjoyed republication and numerous printings through the 1970s, and in some cases until the late 1980s.

Illustration
An illustration is a decoration, interpretation, or visual explanation of a text, concept, or process, designed for integration in print and digitally published media, such as posters, flyers, magazines, books, teaching materials, animations, video games and films. An illustration is typically created by an illustrator. Digital illustrations are often used to make websites and apps more user-friendly, such as the use of emojis to accompany digital type. Illustration also means providing an example; either in writing or in picture form.

The origin of the word "illustration" is late Middle English (in the sense ‘illumination; spiritual or intellectual enlightenment’): via Old French from Latin illustratio(n-), from the verb illustrare.
Weinstraße (region)
The Weinstraße (German pronunciation: [ˈvaɪnˌʃtʁaːsə] ⓘ), also referred to as the Middle Haardt (Mittelhardt), is a region within the Palatinate in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate that was named after the German Wine Road or Deutsche Weinstraße.

Palatinate (region)
The Palatinate (/pəˈlætɪnɪt/; German: Pfalz [pfalts] ⓘ; Palatine German: Palz), or the Rhenish Palatinate (Rheinpfalz), is a historical region of Germany. The Palatinate occupies most of the southern quarter of the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate (Rheinland-Pfalz), covering an area of 2,105 square miles (5,450 km2) with about 1.4 million inhabitants. Its residents are known as Palatines (Pfälzer).
Supreme Election Council (Turkey)
The Supreme Election Council (Turkish: Yüksek Seçim Kurulu; YSK) is the highest electoral authority in Turkey. It was established by the Deputies Election Law no. 5545 on 16 February 1950. After the 1960 coup, the Supreme Election Council gained constitutional authority by the Constitution of 1961. Its duty is to ensure that the principles and rules of the constitution are upheld.

The Supreme Election Council consists of a president, six members and four substitute members from the Court of Cassation and the Council of State judges.

1960 Turkish coup d'état
The 1960 Turkish coup d'état (Turkish: 27 Mayıs Darbesi), also known as the 27 May Revolution (Turkish: 27 Mayıs İhtilali or 27 Mayıs Devrimi), was the first coup d'état in the Republic of Turkey. It took place on 27 May 1960. The coup was staged by a group of 38 young Turkish military officers, acting outside the military chain of command. The officers were de facto led by Cemal Madanoğlu until the actual coup date. After a threat by Ragıp Gümüşpala that he would move to quell the coup unless it was led by someone with a higher military rank than himself, the officers brought in General Cemal Gürsel as their leader. The coup was carried out against the democratically elected government of the Democrat Party, and ultimately resulted in the execution of its prime minister, Adnan Menderes, alongside two of his ministers, Fatin Rüştü Zorlu and Hasan Polatkan.
Melodie McGeoch
Melodie McGeoch is a South African ecologist and biodiversity scientist, whose research focuses on the measurement and monitoring of biodiversity, spatial ecology, biological invasions, climate change impacts and the development of biodiversity indicators used in policy and conservation. She has participated in several international biodiversity assessment efforts including  the ARC Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future Special  Research Initiative. Melodie is a professor of ecology affiliated with Monash University and La Trobe University in Australia. She is a fellow of the African Academy of Sciences.

Spatial ecology
Spatial ecology  studies the ultimate distributional or spatial unit occupied by a species. In a particular habitat shared by several species, each of the species is usually confined to its own microhabitat or spatial niche because two species in the same general territory cannot usually occupy the same ecological niche for any significant length of time.
Chicken Chettinad
Chicken Chettinad or Chettinad chicken  is a classic Indian recipe, from the cuisine of Chettinad in Tamil Nadu, India. It consists of chicken marinated in yogurt, turmeric and a paste of red chillies, kalpasi, coconut, poppy seeds, coriander seeds, cumin seeds, fennel seeds, black pepper, ground nuts, onions, garlic and sesame oil. It is served hot and garnished with coriander leaves, accompanied with boiled rice or paratha.

Sesame oil
Sesame oil is an edible vegetable oil derived from sesame seeds.  The oil is one of the earliest-known crop-based oils. Worldwide mass modern production is limited due to the inefficient manual harvesting process required to extract the oil. Oil made from raw seeds, which may or may not be cold-pressed, is used as a cooking oil. Oil made from toasted seeds is used for its distinctive nutty aroma and taste, although it may be unsuitable for frying, which makes it taste burnt and bitter.
Economics of Transition
Economics of Transition is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. The journal was established in 1993. The journal publishes articles on the economics of structural transformation, institutional development and growth. Economics of Transition publishes full-length articles as well as symposia (collections of articles on a more narrowly defined topic) and book reviews.

According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2011 impact factor of 0.679, ranking it 177th out of 321 journals in the category "Economics".

Wiley-Blackwell
Wiley-Blackwell is an international scientific, technical, medical, and scholarly publishing business of John Wiley & Sons. It was formed by the merger of John Wiley & Sons Global Scientific, Technical, and Medical business with Blackwell Publishing in 2007.

Wiley-Blackwell is now an imprint that publishes a diverse range of academic and professional fields, including biology, medicine, physical sciences, technology, social science, and the humanities.
Cornelius P. Comegys
Cornelius Parsons Comegys (January 15, 1780 – January 27, 1851) was an American farmer and politician from Dover Hundred, in Kent County, Delaware, near Little Creek. He was a veteran of the War of 1812, a member of the Federalist Party, and then later the Whig Party, who served in the Delaware General Assembly and as Governor of Delaware.

Kent County, Delaware
Kent County is a county located in the central part of the U.S. state of Delaware. As of the 2020 census, the population was 181,851, making it the least populous county in Delaware, but the most populous county in the United States to be the least populous in its state. The county seat is Dover, the state capital of Delaware. It is named for Kent, an English county.

Kent County comprises the Dover metropolitan area, which is included in the Philadelphia-Reading-Camden, PA-NJ-DE-MD combined statistical area.