hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
NGC 5002
NGC 5002 is a Magellanic spiral galaxy in Canes Venatici. It was discovered by Heinrich d'Arrest in 1865. It is also known as MCG 6-29-51, PGC 45728, UGC 8254.

It has an apparent size of 1.7 by 1.0 arcmin.

One supernova, SN 2020qxp (type Ia, mag. 16.8), was discovered in NGC 5002 on 8 August, 2020.

Magellanic spiral
A Magellanic spiral galaxy is a spiral galaxy with only one spiral arm. Magellanic spiral galaxies are classified as the type Sm (with sub-categories SAm, SBm, SABm); the prototype galaxy and namesake for Magellanic spirals is the Large Magellanic Cloud, an SBm galaxy. They are usually smaller dwarf galaxies and can be considered to be intermediate between dwarf spiral galaxies and irregular galaxies. They are found in proximity to larger spiral galaxies such as the Milky Way, as is the case with the LMC and the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC).

Magellanic spiral galaxies also have a stratified stellar structure; main sequence stars are found in their spiral arm, and supergiants are clustered in a thick rectangular bar across the middle.
Irina Turova
Irina Robertovna Turova (later Bochkaryova and Mordovtseva, Russian: Ирина Робертовна Турова-Бочкарёва; 14 May 1935 – 8 February 2012) was a Soviet sprinter. She placed fourth in the 4 × 100 m relay at the 1952 and 1956 Summer Olympics and won two gold and one silver medal at the 1954 European Athletics Championships.

Turova was coached by her parents, who competed nationally in various track events, including sprint. Her son Pyotr Bochkaryov became an Olympic pole vaulter.

Pyotr Bochkaryov
Pyotr Bochkaryov (Russian: Петр Бочкарев; born November 3, 1967) is a retired Russian pole vaulter. He won the European Indoor Championships twice, setting an indoor personal best in 1994 with 5.90 metres. This remained the championship record until Renaud Lavillenie cleared 6.03 m in 2011. He placed 5th at the 1996 Summer Olympics with a jump of 5.86 m, his best outdoor result apart from a 5.90 m jump in a city square competition at Karlskrona.
Manku Thimma
Manku Thimma (pronunciationⓘ) is a 1980 Indian Kannada-language film, directed by H. R. Bhargava and produced by Dwarakish. The film stars Dwarakish, Manjula, Srinath, Padmapriya and Hema Chowdhary. The film has musical score by Rajan–Nagendra. It is a remake of the 1969 Telugu film Sattekalapu Satteya which was also remade in Hindi in 1970 as Mastana starring Mehmood and in Tamil in 1970 as Patham Pasali starring Nagesh.

Srinath (Kannada actor)
Narayana Swamy (born 28 December 1943), known by his stage name Srinath, is an Indian actor and film producer who works predominantly in Kannada cinema. He holds the position of vice-president of the Kannada television channel Udaya TV. He is popular for presenting the Game Show, Adarsha Dampatigalu (Kannada: ಆದರ್ಶ ದಂಪತಿಗಳು). Srinath has earned the nickname Pranaya Raja meaning 'King of Romance' because of his stupendous success in romantic movies during the 70s. In 2003, he was conferred the 
‛Kalaratna’ Award by the Government of Karnataka.
Morland (surname)
Morland is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

David Morland IV (born 1969), Canadian golfer

Egbert Coleby Morland (1874–1955), English physician and medical editor

George Morland (1763–1804), English painter

Henry Robert Morland (1716/9 – 30 November 1797), English portrait artist

Henry Morland (1837–1891), British Indian administrator, Governor of Bombay Presidency

Howard Morland (born 1942), American journalist and anti-nuclear weapons activist

Kjetil Mørland, Norwegian singer-songwriter

Michael Morland (born 1929), British judge

Samuel Morland (1625–1695), English diplomat, spy, inventor, and mathematician

Thomas Morland (1865–1925), British World War I general

Toby Morland (born 1980), New Zealand rugby player

Fictional characters:

Catherine Morland, heroine of Jane Austen's novel Northanger Abbey

Samuel Morland
Sir Samuel Morland, 1st Baronet (1625 – 30 December 1695), or Moreland, was an English academic, diplomat, spy, inventor and mathematician of the 17th century, a polymath credited with early developments in relation to computing, hydraulics and steam power.
Days of the White Owl
Days of the White Owl is the first full-length album from Californian hardcore punk band, The Nerve Agents. It was released in July 2000 on Revelation Records and it follows their self-titled EP from 1998.

Revelation Records
Revelation Records is an independent record label focusing originally and primarily on hardcore punk. The label is known for releases by bands such as Youth of Today, Warzone, Sick of It All, Quicksand, Side By Side, Chain of Strength, Shelter, Judge, No for an Answer, Gorilla Biscuits, and End of a Year.

Revelation, along with the bands it put out in the late 1980s, is usually credited with creating and cementing the "youth crew" sound as well as New York hardcore, which bridged the gap from the earlier bands of almost a decade before and helped carry the music through the early 1990s. Some of the label's best selling releases have been Gorilla Biscuits' Start Today, Inside Out's No Spiritual Surrender, and the In-Flight Program compilation.
The Hammer (2010 film)
The Hammer, previously titled Hamill, is a 2010 biographical film about Matt Hamill, a deaf wrestler and mixed martial artist. Oren Kaplan directs the film based on a screenplay co-written by Eben Kostbar and Joseph McKelheer, who are also the film's producers. Russell Harvard, a deaf actor, plays Hamill in the film. The Hammer screened at several film festivals throughout 2010 and 2011. The film was released in theaters on October 27, 2011.

Rochester Institute of Technology
The Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT) is a private research university in Henrietta, New York, United States, a suburb of Rochester. It was founded in 1829. It is one of only two institutes of technology in New York state, the other being the New York Institute of Technology.

RIT enrolls about 21,000 students, of whom 18,000 are undergraduate and 3,000 are graduate students. These students come from all 50 states in the United States and more than 100 countries. The university has more than 4,000 faculty and staff. It also has branches abroad in Croatia, Kosovo,  and the United Arab Emirates. The university is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".
Bagna, West Pomeranian Voivodeship
Bagna [ˈbaɡna] (German: Pagenkopf) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Maszewo, within Goleniów County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 10 km (6 mi) north-east of Maszewo, 24 km (15 mi) east of Goleniów, and 42 km (26 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Goleniów County
Goleniów County (Polish: powiat goleniowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in West Pomeranian Voivodeship, north-western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Goleniów, which lies 22 kilometres (14 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin. The county also contains the towns of Nowogard, lying 24 km (15 mi) north-east of Goleniów, and Maszewo, 19 km (12 mi) south-east of Goleniów.

The county covers an area of 1,616.99 square kilometres (624.3 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 78,738, out of which the population of Goleniów is 22,448, that of Nowogard is 16,745, that of Maszewo is 3,073, and the rural population is 36,472.
Heavy equipment operator
A heavy equipment operator operates heavy equipment used in engineering and construction projects. Typically only skilled workers may operate heavy equipment, and there is specialized training for learning to use heavy equipment.

Skilled worker
A skilled worker is any worker who has special skill, training, or knowledge which they can then apply to their work. A skilled worker may have learned their skills through work experience, on-the-job training, an apprenticeship program or formal education. These skills often lead to better outcomes economically. The definition of a skilled worker has seen change throughout the 20th century, largely due to the industrial impact of the Great Depression and World War II. Further changes in globalisation have seen this definition shift further in Western countries, with many jobs moving from manufacturing based sectors to more advanced technical and service based roles. Examples of formally educated skilled labor include engineers, scientists, doctors and teachers, while examples of less formally educated workers include crane operators, CDL truck drivers, machinists, drafters, plumbers, craftsmen, cooks and bookkeepers.
Brown-chested jungle flycatcher
The brown-chested jungle flycatcher (Cyornis brunneatus) is a species of bird in the Old World flycatcher family Muscicapidae. It breeds in South China and winters in the Malay Peninsula. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical mangrove forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.

This species was previously placed in the genus Rhinomyias but was moved to Cyornis based on the results of a 2010 molecular phylogenetic study.

South China
South China (pinyin: Huá'nán; Jyutping: jyut6 naam4) is a geographical and cultural region that covers the southernmost part of China. Its precise meaning varies with context. A notable feature of South China in comparison to the rest of China proper is that most of its citizens are not native speakers of Standard Chinese. Cantonese is the most common language in general definitions of South China.
Jorge Cuervo
Jorge Cuervo Rivero (born 4 May 1950) is a Cuban gymnast. He competed in eight events at the 1972 Summer Olympics.

His namesake Cuervo vault, first performed in 1973, consists of a handspring off the springboard, a half-twist, and a backward salto off the horse.

Somersault
A somersault (also flip, heli, and in gymnastics salto) is an acrobatic exercise in which a person's body rotates 360° around a horizontal axis with the feet passing over the head. A somersault can be performed backwards, forwards or sideways and can be executed in the air or on the ground. When performed on the ground, it is typically called a roll.
Hippalus (crater)
Hippalus is the remnant of a lunar impact crater on the eastern edge of Mare Humorum. It was named after ancient Greek explorer Hippalus. To the southeast is the crater Campanus, and to the northwest is the small flooded crater Loewy.

The southwest rim of Hippalus is missing, and the crater forms a bay along the edge of the mare. The surviving rim is worn and eroded, forming a low, circular mountain range. The lava-flooded floor of Hippalus is bisected by a wide rille belonging to the Rimae Hippalus. This rille follows a course to the south before curving gently to the southwest for a total length of 240 kilometers. The crater floor to the east of this rille is more rugged than the area in the western half.

Rille
Rille /ˈrɪl/ (German for 'groove') is typically used to describe any of the long, narrow depressions in the surface of the Moon that resemble channels. The Latin term is rima, plural rimae. Typically, a rille can be several kilometers wide and hundreds of kilometers in length. However, the term has also been used loosely to describe similar structures on a number of planets in the Solar System, including Mars, Venus, and on a number of moons. All bear a structural resemblance to each other.
Barbodes kuchingensis
Barbodes kuchingensis is a species of cyprinid fish native to Indonesia where it occurs in the Kapuas River basin and Malaysia where it is known from Sarawak.  It prefers sandy or rocky pools in clear foothill and forest streams.

Cyprinidae
Cyprinidae is a family of cyprinoid freshwater fishes commonly referred to as the carp family, which includes the carps, barbs, and barbels, among others. These cyprinids also share sister taxa with the danionins and minnows under the suborder Cyprinoidei. Cyprinidae is the largest and most diverse fish family, and the largest family of vertebrates overall, with roughly 1,780 species split into 166 valid genera.

Cyprinids range from the 12 mm (0.5 in)-long glassfishes, to the 3 m (9.8 ft) giant barb (Catlocarpio siamensis). The family name is derived from the Greek word kyprînos (κυπρῖνος 'carp').
Shay Duffin
Shay Duffin (26 February 1931 – 23 April 2010) was an Irish character actor of the stage and screen. He was in the 1993 film Leprechaun with Jennifer Aniston. He also had a role in the 1997 film Titanic.

He  was best known for writing and acting the title role in the one-man play Brendan Behan: Confessions of An Irish Rebel.

Leprechaun (film)
Leprechaun is a 1993 American horror comedy film written and directed by Mark Jones, and starring Warwick Davis in the title role, with Jennifer Aniston supporting. The film follows a vengeful leprechaun who believes a family has stolen his pot of gold. As he hunts them, they attempt to locate his gold to mollify him.

Originally intended as straight horror, Davis injected humor into his role, and reshoots added increased gore to appeal to older audiences. Leprechaun was the first in-house production at Trimark Pictures for theatrical exhibition; it earned a domestic gross of $8.556 million against a budget of roughly $900,000 and became a cult film. While reviews were negative, with critics lambasting both the direction and the characters and saying that the film is neither scary nor funny, the commercial success prompted a series of films with a sequel, Leprechaun 2, released theatrically the following year.
Archbishop Denis O'Connor Catholic High School
Archbishop Denis O'Connor Catholic High School (abbreviated DO'C) is a Roman Catholic high school located in Ajax, Ontario, Canada, within the Durham Catholic District School Board.  It is named for Archbishop Denis T. O'Connor, a priest who was born in Pickering in 1841, and who became the third Archbishop of Toronto, Ontario, Canada in 1899. The school has students in grades 9–12 and offers a wide range of academic and extracurricular activities. The current enrolment is approximately 600 students. The school colours are green and yellow, and its motto is Nil sine fide et labore, which is Latin for "Nothing without faith and work."

In 2024, the school celebrated the 60th anniversary of its opening in 1964.

Educational stage
Educational stages are subdivisions of formal learning, typically covering early childhood education, primary education, secondary education and tertiary education. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) recognizes nine levels of education in its International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) system (from Level 0 (pre-primary education) through Level 8 (doctoral)). UNESCO's International Bureau of Education maintains a database of country-specific education systems and their stages. Some countries divide levels of study into grades or forms for school children in the same year.
Chizha test range
Chizha test range (Russian: полигон "Чижа") is a missile test range on the Kanin Peninsula in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug in northern Russia.

The village of Chizha is located on the River Chizha, which flows into the Barents Sea on the west side of the Kanin Peninsula. There is an aerodrome nearby and a monitoring station located at 67°4′11″N 44°18′21″E﻿ / ﻿67.06972°N 44.30583°E﻿ / 67.06972; 44.30583. Chizha test range is described as being on the tip of Cape Kanin, which is 68°39′25″N 43°16′24″E﻿ / ﻿68.65694°N 43.27333°E﻿ / 68.65694; 43.27333, 180 kilometres (110 mi) to the north.

On 19 October 2012 an R-29R Submarine-launched ballistic missile was launched from the Delta III class submarine K-433 Svyatoy Georgiy Pobedonosets towards the test range at Chizha. The submarine was in the Sea of Okhotsk, near the Pacific Ocean, over 6,000 kilometres (3,700 mi) away.

The same submarine had previously launched a missile towards Chizha on 28 October 2010, and on 9 October 2009.

Sea of Okhotsk
The Sea of Okhotsk is a marginal sea of the northwestern Pacific Ocean. It is located between Russia's Kamchatka Peninsula on the east, the Kuril Islands on the southeast, Japan's island of Hokkaido on the south, the island of Sakhalin along the west, and a stretch of eastern Siberian coast along the west and north. Its northeast corner is the Shelikhov Gulf. The sea is named for the port of Okhotsk, itself named for the Okhota River.
Grand Haven High School
Grand Haven High School (GHHS) is a public secondary school in Grand Haven Charter Township, Michigan, United States (with a mailing address in the city of Grand Haven). It is the sole comprehensive high school in the Grand Haven Area Public Schools district, and one of two in northwest Ottawa County; the other being Spring Lake High School.

Ottawa County, Michigan
Ottawa County (/ˈɒtəwə/ OT-ə-wə) is a county located in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the United States 2020 Census, the population was 296,200. The county seat is Grand Haven. The county is named for the Ottawa Nation. It was set off in 1831 and organized in 1837. Ottawa County is included in the Grand Rapids-Kentwood, MI Metropolitan Statistical Area and has a significant Dutch American population.

Area farmers produce more than $726 million in products annually, making Ottawa County an "agricultural powerhouse" in the state.
Juuso Pykälistö
Juuso Pykälistö (born 21 May 1975) is a Finnish rally driver, born in Padasjoki. He has driven in the World Rally Championship with Citroën and Peugeot. Pykälistö has won the Arctic Rally twice. His best showing was 8th in 2005 at Sardinia. From 2004 through 2006, Pykälistö was a test driver for Citroën, testing the new Citroën C4 WRC on gravel. As of 2020, Pykälistö is a medical helicopter pilot at Tampere–Pirkkala Airport. He lives in Nurmijärvi.

Tampere–Pirkkala Airport
Tampere–Pirkkala Airport (IATA: TMP, ICAO: EFTP; Finnish: Tampere-Pirkkalan lentoasema, Swedish: Tammerfors-Birkala flygplats), or simply Tampere Airport, is located in Pirkkala, Finland, 7 nautical miles (13 kilometres; 8.1 miles) south-west of Tampere city centre. The airport is the sixth-busiest airport in Finland, as measured by the total number of passengers (168,328 in 2022), and the third-busiest as measured by the number of international passengers (159,801 in 2022).
Jesús Morales Flores
Jesús Morales Flores (born 19 July 1946) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI).

He has been elected to two terms in the Chamber of Deputies for Puebla's 7th congressional district:
in the 2003 mid-terms (59th Congress),
and 
in the 2012 general election (62nd Congress).

Jesús Morales Flores is the brother of former governor of Puebla Melquíades Morales Flores.

LIX Legislature of the Mexican Congress
The LIX Legislature (59th session) of the Congress of Mexico met from September 2003 to August 2006. All members of the lower house (Chamber of Deputies) were elected in the elections of July 2003 while members of the upper house (Senate) were elected in the elections of July 2000.
Pentafluorophenyl esters
Pentafluorophenyl (PFP) esters are chemical compounds with the generic formula RC(O)OC6F5. They are active esters derived from pentafluorophenol (HOC6F5).

PFP esters are useful for attaching fluorophores such as fluorescein or haptens to primary amines in biomolecules. They also are valuable in laboratory peptide synthesis. Pentafluorophenyl esters produce amide bonds as effectively as succinimidyl esters and various similar agents do, but PFP esters are particularly useful because they are less susceptible to spontaneous hydrolysis during conjugation reactions.

N-Hydroxysuccinimide
N-Hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) is an organic compound with the formula (CH2CO)2NOH.  It is a white solid that is used as a reagent for preparing active esters in peptide synthesis. It can be synthesized by heating succinic anhydride with hydroxylamine or hydroxylamine hydrochloride.
Paolo Tommasini
Paolo Tommasini (born September 5, 1968) is an Italian sprint canoer who has competed in the 1990s. He won a silver medal in the K-2 200 m event at the 1997 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships in Dartmouth.

Tommasini also competed in K-4 1000 m event at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, but was eliminated in the semifinals.

Dartmouth, Nova Scotia
Dartmouth (/ˈdɑːrtməθ/ DART-məth) is a built-up community of the Halifax Regional Municipality, Nova Scotia, Canada. Located on the eastern shore of Halifax Harbour, Dartmouth has 72,139 residents as of 2021.
Causes of the 1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight
During the 1948 Palestine war in which the State of Israel was established, around 700,000 Palestinian Arabs, or 85% of the total population of the territory Israel captured, were expelled or fled from their homes. The causes of this mass displacement have been a matter of dispute, though today most scholars consider that the majority of Palestinians were directly expelled or else fled due to fear.

Causes of the exodus include direct expulsions by Israeli forces, destruction of Arab villages, psychological warfare including terrorism, dozens of massacres which caused many to flee out of fear, such as the widely publicized Deir Yassin massacre, crop burning, typhoid epidemics in some areas caused by  Israeli well-poisoning, and the collapse of Palestinian leadership including the demoralizing impact of wealthier classes fleeing. Many historians consider that the events of 1948 were an instance of ethnic cleansing.

Efraim Karsh
Efraim Karsh (Hebrew: אפרים קארש; born 6 September 1953) is an Israeli and British historian who is the founding director and emeritus professor of Middle East and Mediterranean Studies at King's College London. Since 2013, he has served as professor of political studies at Bar-Ilan University (where he also directs the Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies). He is also a principal research fellow and former director of the Middle East Forum, a Philadelphia-based think tank.  He is a vocal critic of the New Historians, a group of Israeli scholars who have questioned the traditional Israeli narrative of the Arab–Israeli conflict.
San Giovanni Battista, Gallicano
San Giovanni Battista is a 15th-century Roman Catholic church building in the town of Gallicano, province of Lucca, region of Tuscany, Italy.

Construction began in 1486, using material from the former parish church. The site had once had a small oratory commissioned by Domenico Bertini, a papal diplomat.

Province of Lucca
The province of Lucca (Italian: provincia di Lucca) is a province in the Tuscany region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Lucca.

It has an area of 1,773 square kilometres (685 mi2) and a population of about 390,000. The province contains 33 comuni (sg.: comune).
Lightface analytic game
In descriptive set theory, a lightface analytic game is a game whose payoff set A is a  subset of Baire space; that is, there is a tree T on  which is a computable subset of , such that A is the projection of the set of all branches of T.

The determinacy of all lightface analytic games is  equivalent to the existence of 0#.

Baire space (set theory)
In set theory, the Baire space is the set of all infinite sequences of natural numbers with a certain topology, called the  product topology.  This space is commonly used in descriptive set theory, to the extent that its elements are often called "reals". It  is denoted by , or ωω, or by the symbol  or sometimes by ωω (not to be confused with the countable ordinal obtained by ordinal exponentiation).

The Baire space is defined to be the Cartesian product of countably infinitely many copies of the set of natural numbers, and is given the product topology (where each copy of the set of natural numbers is given the discrete topology).  The Baire space is often represented using the tree of finite sequences of natural numbers.

(This space should also not be confused with the concept of a Baire space, which is a certain kind of topological space.)

The Baire space can be contrasted with Cantor space, the set of infinite sequences of binary digits.