hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Glasgow (Parliament of Scotland constituency)
Glasgow in Lanarkshire was a royal burgh that returned one commissioner to the Parliament of Scotland and to the Convention of Estates.

After the Acts of Union 1707, Glasgow, Dumbarton, Renfrew and Rutherglen formed the Glasgow district of burghs, returning one member between them to the House of Commons of Great Britain.

Convention of the Estates of Scotland
The Convention of Estates of Scotland was a sister institution to the Scottish Parliament which sat from the early sixteenth century. Initially, it was only attended by the clergy and nobles, but the burgh commissioners were later added. The Convention of Estates differed from Parliament in that it could be summoned by the King for the limited purpose of raising taxation, but could not pass other legislation.

Like its predecessor General Council it played an important role in political and legislative affairs in Scotland in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.

During the Glorious Revolution in Scotland, the Scottish Privy Council asked the King of England, William of Orange, to summon the Convention of Estates of 1689 to determine the throne of Scotland.  It offered it to William and Mary, adopting the Articles of Grievances and Claim of Right Act 1689, and transformed itself into a full parliament.
Vigdis
Vigdis or Vigdís is a Scandinavian and Icelandic feminine given name.

Notable people with the name include:

Vigdis Hjulstad Belbo (born 1955), Norwegian politician

Vigdís Finnbogadóttir (born 1930), Icelandic politician

Vigdís Grímsdóttir (born 1953), Icelandic writer

Vigdis Giltun (born 1952), Norwegian politician

Vigdís Hauksdóttir (born 1965), member of the Icelandic parliament

Vigdis Hjorth (born 1959), Norwegian novelist

Vigdís Hafliðadóttir (born 1994), Icelandic musician, comedian and actress

Vigdis Hårsaker (born 1981), Norwegian handball player

Vigdis Holmeset (fl. 2010s), Norwegian handball coach

Vigdis Sigmundsdóttir (1934–2023), artist from the Faroe Islands

Vigdis Moe Skarstein (born 1946), Norwegian librarian

Vigdis Songe-Møller (born 1949), Norwegian professor of philosophy

Vigdis Stokkelien (1934–2005), Norwegian journalist and writer

Vigdis Ystad (1942–2019), Norwegian literary historian

Vigdis Stokkelien
Vigdis Stokkelien (11 March 1934 – 2005) was a Norwegian journalist, and writer.  Her writing includes novels, short stories and children's literature.  She made her literary debut in 1967 with the short story collection Dragsug. Among her novels is the trilogy Lille Gibraltar (1972), Båten under storseilet (1982), and Stjerneleden (1984). She was awarded the Mads Wiel Nygaards Endowment in 1970.
The International Journal of the Platonic Tradition
The International Journal of the Platonic Tradition is a biannual peer-reviewed open access academic journal of philosophy published by Brill Publishers under the auspices of the International Society for Neoplatonic Studies. It was established in 1985 and the editor-in-chief is John F. Finamore (University of Iowa). Among the members of the Editorial Board are John Dillon, Gretchen Reydams-Schils, and Anne Sheppard. The journal is abstracted and indexed in the Humanities International Index, International Review of Biblical Studies, and Scopus.

John M. Dillon
John Myles Dillon (/ˈdɪlən/; born 15 September 1939) is an Irish classicist and philosopher who was Regius Professor of Greek in Trinity College, Dublin between 1980 and 2006. Prior to that he taught at the University of California, Berkeley. He was elected a corresponding member of the Academy of Athens on 15 June 2010, and in July 2022 a corresponding member of the British Academy. Dillon's area of research lies in the history of Platonism from the Old Academy to the Renaissance, and also Early Christianity.
Bill Chamberlain
William Martin Chamberlain (December 16, 1949 – July 13, 2025) was an American professional basketball player in the American Basketball Association (ABA) and the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for the North Carolina Tar Heels.

Chamberlain played for the Memphis Tams and Kentucky Colonels (1972–73) of the ABA and the Phoenix Suns (1973–74) of the NBA. He died on July 13, 2025, at age 75.

Kentucky Colonels
The Kentucky Colonels were an American professional basketball team based in Louisville, Kentucky. They competed in the American Basketball Association (ABA) from 1967 to 1976. The name is derived from the historic Kentucky Colonels. The Colonels won the most games and had the highest winning percentage of any franchise in the league's history. However, the team did not join the National Basketball Association (NBA) in the 1976 ABA–NBA merger. The downtown Louisville Convention Center (now known as The Gardens) was the Colonels' venue for their first three seasons before moving to Freedom Hall for the remaining seasons, beginning with the 1970–71 schedule.

The Kentucky Colonels and the Indiana Pacers were the only ABA teams to play for the entire duration of the league without moving, changing team names, or folding.  The Colonels were also the only major league franchise in Kentucky since the Louisville Breckenridges left the National Football League in 1923.
Strømmen IF
Strømmen Idrettsforening is a Norwegian sports club from Strømmen. It has sections for football, athletics and gymnastics, and formerly had sections for bandy, orienteering, skiing, speed skating, swimming among other sports.

Orienteering
Orienteering is a group of sports in which participants use a map and compass to navigate from point to point in unfamiliar terrain as quickly as possible.

The sport originated from military land-navigation training in the late 19th century. It has since evolved into several competitive forms where participants race against the clock and other competitors while navigating through checkpoints. Variants include automobile, underwater, mountain bike, ski, and trail orienteering. The most common form is foot orienteering, also known as FootO.

In formal foot-orienteering competitions, participants are given a specially prepared orienteering map, usually topographical, which they use to locate control points.

Orienteering is part of the World Games and the World Police and Fire Games.
Pundareekapuram Temple
Pundareekapuram Temple is a small Hindu temple atop a little rise called Midayikunnam near Thalayolaparambu in Kottayam. 
A tiled and saddle roofed square "Chuttambalam" encloses a square sanctum sanctorum. Appended to the square enclosure is a small ‘balikkalpura’. The (main deity) idol is the image of Vishnu sitting astride his celestial vehicle Garuda together with Bhoodevi.

There is a picture of Siva and Parvathi sitting beneath the Kalpavriksha; a picture of Durga vanquishing the buffalo-headed demon Mahisha, the pranks of Krishna the divine boy of Ambadi; a picture of a Yakshi the dangerous seductress of legends; Rama Pattabhishekham or the coronation of Sri Rama; Siva Thandava and a picture of Sastha astride a horse to point out a few of the striking paintings at Pundareekapuram.

Kenaf
Kenaf [etymology: Persian], Hibiscus cannabinus, is a plant in the family Malvaceae also called Deccan hemp and Java jute. Hibiscus cannabinus is in the genus Hibiscus and is native to Africa, though its exact origin is unknown. The name also applies to the fibre obtained from this plant. Kenaf is one of the allied fibres of jute and shows similar characteristics.
Eskimo Nebula
The Eskimo Nebula (NGC 2392), also known as the Clown Face Nebula, Lion Nebula, or Caldwell 39, is a bipolar double-shell planetary nebula (PN). It was discovered by astronomer William Herschel in 1787. The formation resembles a person's head surrounded by a parka hood. It is surrounded by gas that composed the outer layers of a Sun-like star. The visible inner filaments are ejected by a strong wind of particles from the central star. The outer disk contains unusual, light-year-long filaments.

NGC 2392 lies about 6500 light-years away, and is visible with a small telescope in the constellation of Gemini.

At the center of NGC 2392, there is an O-type star (designated HD 59088) with a spectral type of O(H)6f.

Parka
A parka, along with the related anorak, is a type of coat with a hood, that may be lined with fur or fake fur. Parkas and anoraks are staples of Inuit clothing, traditionally made from caribou or seal skin, for hunting and kayaking in the frigid Arctic. Some Inuit anoraks require regular coating with fish oil to retain their water resistance. Parkas are typically longer, often extending to the thighs or knees. Anoraks are usually shorter than parkas, often hip-length, and are traditionally a pull-over jacket.

The words anorak and parka have been used interchangeably, but they are somewhat different garments. Strictly speaking, an anorak is a waterproof, hooded, pull-over jacket without a front opening, and sometimes drawstrings at the waist and cuffs, and a parka is a hip-length cold-weather coat, typically stuffed with down or very warm synthetic fiber, and with a fur-lined hood.
Llangybi, Monmouthshire
Llangybi (also spelled Llangibby) is a village and community in Monmouthshire, in southeast Wales, in the United Kingdom. It is located 3 miles (4.8 km) south of the town of Usk and 5 miles (8 km) north of Caerleon, in the valley of the River Usk.

In 2011 the village itself had a population of 444, with a nearly equal number living in its outlying areas, among them the settlement of Tregrug, near the ruins of a medieval castle.

Caerleon
Caerleon (/kərˈliːən/ kər-LEE-ən; Welsh: Caerllion) is a town and community in Newport, Wales. Situated on the River Usk, it lies 5 miles (8 km) northeast of Newport city centre, and 5.5 miles (9 km) southeast of Cwmbran. Caerleon is of archaeological importance, being the site of a notable Roman legionary fortress, Isca Augusta, and an Iron Age hillfort. Close to the remains of Isca Augusta are the National Roman Legion Museum and the Roman Baths Museum. The town also has strong historical and literary associations: Geoffrey of Monmouth elevated the significance of Caerleon as a major centre of British history in his Historia Regum Britanniae (c. 1136), and Alfred Lord Tennyson wrote Idylls of the King (1859–1885) while staying in Caerleon.
Rasmus Rissanen
Rasmus Rissanen (born July 13, 1991) is a Finnish professional ice hockey defenceman. He is currently under contract with Linköping HC in the Swedish Hockey League (SHL). Rissanen was selected by the Carolina Hurricanes in the 6th round (178th overall) of the 2009 NHL Entry Draft.

2009 NHL entry draft
The 2009 NHL entry draft was the 47th entry draft for the National Hockey League. It was held on June 26–27, 2009, at the Bell Centre in Montreal, Quebec. The Draft was part of the Montreal Canadiens' centennial celebrations. NHL teams took turns selecting amateur ice hockey players from junior, collegiate, or European leagues. The New York Islanders, who finished last overall in the 2008–09 NHL season, retained the first overall selection following that year's NHL Draft lottery.

The New York Islanders used the first overall pick to select center John Tavares from the London Knights of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL). The Tampa Bay Lightning used the second pick to draft defenceman Victor Hedman from Modo Hockey of the SEL, and the Colorado Avalanche drafted Matt Duchene of the Brampton Battalion with the third overall pick. Seven Swedes were selected in the first round, an all-time record for the country.

As of 2025 there are 32 active NHL players from this draft.
Brilliant Minds
Brilliant Minds is an American medical drama television series created and written by Michael Grassi for NBC that is inspired by the Oliver Sacks books The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat and An Anthropologist on Mars. It premiered on September 23, 2024.

In May 2025, the series was renewed for a second season. This premiered on September 22, 2025 with a mid-season break at the end of episode ten.  NBC later announced that season 2 was scheduled to return with more episodes on January 5, 2026. On February 4, 2026, NBC pulled the show from its schedule and stated that the remaining episodes would air on an undetermined date later this season.

Eric Dane
Eric William Dane (né Melvin; November 9, 1972 – February 19, 2026) was an American actor. After multiple television roles in the 1990s and 2000s, including his recurring role as Jason Dean on Charmed, he was cast as Dr. Mark Sloan on the ABC medical drama Grey's Anatomy (2006–2012; 2021). He went on to appear in films such as X-Men: The Last Stand (2006), Marley & Me (2008), Valentine's Day (2010), Burlesque (2010), and Bad Boys: Ride or Die (2024).

Dane also played Captain Tom Chandler in the TNT series The Last Ship (2014–2018), Cal Jacobs in the HBO drama series Euphoria (2019–2026), and FBI Special Agent Nathan Blythe in the Amazon Prime Video crime series Countdown (2025). In 2025, he announced that he had been diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), which led to his death in 2026 at the age of 53.
Worldwide Ultralite Skyraider S/S
The Worldwide Skyraider S/S, also called the SkyRaider S/S, is an American ultralight aircraft that was designed and produced by Worldwide Ultralite Industries in the early 1980s. The aircraft was supplied as a kit for amateur construction.

Kawasaki 440
The Kawasaki 440, also called the T/A 440, is a Japanese twin-cylinder, in-line, two-stroke engine that was designed for snowmobiles and produced by Kawasaki Heavy Industries until the early 1980s.

The engine was widely adapted for other purposes, including ultralight aircraft and Formula 500 automobile racing. Kawasaki did not condone or support the use of the engine in aircraft and it was largely supplanted in this role by the similar purpose-designed Rotax 377 aircraft engine.
Quadratic residuosity problem
The quadratic residuosity problem (QRP) in computational number theory is to decide, given integers  and , whether  is a quadratic residue modulo  or not.
Here  for two unknown primes  and , and  is among the numbers which are not obviously quadratic non-residues (see below).

The problem was first described by Gauss in his Disquisitiones Arithmeticae in 1801. 
This problem is believed to be computationally difficult.
Several cryptographic methods rely on its hardness, see § Applications.

An efficient algorithm for the quadratic residuosity problem immediately implies efficient algorithms for other number theoretic problems, such as deciding whether a composite  of unknown factorization is the product of 2 or 3 primes.

Disquisitiones Arithmeticae
Disquisitiones Arithmeticae (Latin for Arithmetical Investigations) is a textbook on number theory written in Latin by Carl Friedrich Gauss in 1798, when Gauss was 21, and published in 1801, when he was 24. It had a revolutionary impact on number theory by making the field truly rigorous and systematic and paved the path for modern number theory. In this book, Gauss brought together and reconciled results in number theory obtained by such eminent mathematicians as Fermat, Euler, Lagrange, and Legendre, while adding profound and original results of his own.
Forbasach mac Ailella
Forbasach mac Ailella (died 740) was a King of Osraige in modern County Kilkenny. He ruled from 735 to 740.

His genealogy is not recorded in Rawlinson Genealogies; the annals record only that he was slain but give no details. His son Fáelán mac Forbasaig (died 786) was a King of Osraige.

The Book of Leinster king lists an Ailill mac Fáeláin as king prior to Cellach mac Fáelchair (died 735). This Ailill would be the brother of Cú Cherca mac Fáeláin (died 712) and son of Fáelán mac Crundmaíl (died 660), previous kings.

County Kilkenny
County Kilkenny (Irish: Contae Chill Chainnigh) is a county in Ireland. It is in the province of Leinster and is part of the Southern Region. It is named after the city of Kilkenny. Kilkenny County Council is the local authority for the county. At the 2022 census the population of the county was 103,685. The county was based on the historic Gaelic kingdom of Ossory (Osraighe), which was coterminous with the Diocese of Ossory.
Zje
Zje (З́ з́; italics: З́ з́) is a letter of the Cyrillic script, formed from the Cyrillic Ze (З з З з) with the addition of an acute accent. It is used in the Montenegrin alphabet. It represents the voiced alveolo-palatal fricative /ʑ/. It corresponds to the Latin Ź.

Voiced alveolo-palatal fricative
A voiced alveolo-palatal sibilant fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ʑ⟩ ("z", plus the curl also found in its voiceless counterpart ⟨ɕ⟩). It is the sibilant equivalent of the voiced palatal fricative.
Waccamaw River Warehouse Historic District
Waccamaw River Warehouse Historic District is a national historic district located at Conway in Horry County, South Carolina. It includes three contributing buildings: a steamer terminal (ca. 1880), warehouse (ca. 1890), and tobacco warehouse (ca. 1900). These buildings illustrate the evolution of utilitarian structures at the end of the 19th century, documenting the shift from heavy-timber braced-frame structural members to smaller-member, balloon framing with multiple diagonal bracing and the use of a clerestory for additional light.  They are the last extant warehouses in Conway associated with the commercial trade on the Waccamaw River.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.

Waccamaw River
The Waccamaw River is a river, approximately 140 miles (225 km) long, in southeastern North Carolina and eastern South Carolina in the United States. It drains an area of approximately 1,110 square miles (2886 km2) in the coastal plain along the eastern border between the two states into the Atlantic Ocean. Along its upper course, it is a slow-moving, blackwater river surrounded by vast wetlands, passable only by shallow-draft watercraft such as canoe. Along its lower course, it is lined by sandy banks and old plantation houses, providing an important navigation channel with a unique geography, flowing roughly parallel to the coast.
Albert McIntire
Albert Wills McIntire (January 15, 1853 – January 31, 1935) was an American Republican politician. He was the ninth Governor of Colorado from 1895 to 1897. In 1896 Governor McIntire sent the Colorado National Guard to Leadville due to violence at the Coronado Mine during a strike by the Western Federation of Miners.

Early in 1896, McIntire rejected a last-minute insanity defense appeal of the Park County rancher Benjamin Ratcliff, who murdered three members of his local school board with whom he had quarreled over the education of this three children. After McIntire refused to intervene, Ratcliff was hanged at the Colorado State Penitentiary at Cañon City. He claimed that he had committed the murders to uphold the honorable reputation of his family.

Colorado National Guard
The Colorado National Guard consists of the Colorado Army National Guard and Colorado Air National Guard, forming the state of Colorado's component to the United States National Guard. Founded in 1860, the Colorado National Guard falls under the Colorado Department of Military and Veterans Affairs.
Leicestershire Miners' Association
The Leicestershire Miners' Association was a trade union in the United Kingdom.

The union was founded in 1887 as the Coalville and District Miners' Association to represent coal miners in the Coalville area of Leicestershire.  In about 1907, it became the "Leicestershire Miners' Association".

The union was affiliated to the Miners Federation of Great Britain, and in 1945 it became the Leicestershire Area of the National Union of Mineworkers (NUM).  Although all but thirty of the union's members broke the 1984 Miners' Strike, they voted against joining the Union of Democratic Mineworkers, and remained part of the NUM.  The union was finally dissolved in 2016.

Notable figures associated with the union include president Levi Lovett and agent Jack W. Smith.

Coalville
Coalville is a town in the district of North West Leicestershire in Leicestershire in the East Midlands of England. In 2011, it had a population of 34,575. It lies on the A511 between Leicester and Burton upon Trent, close to junction 22 of the M1 motorway where the A511 meets the A50 between Ashby-de-la-Zouch and Leicester.

Coalville is twinned with Romans-sur-Isère in southeastern France.
Sons of Anarchy season 7
The seventh and final season of the American television drama series Sons of Anarchy premiered on September 9, 2014, and concluded on December 9, 2014, after 13 episodes aired on cable network FX. Created by Kurt Sutter, it is about the lives of a close-knit outlaw motorcycle club operating in Charming, a fictional town in California's Central Valley. The show centers on protagonist Jackson "Jax" Teller (Charlie Hunnam), the President of the club, who begins questioning the club and himself after reading his father’s (the founder of SOA, who was murdered many years before) journal.

Sons of Anarchy is the story of the Teller-Morrow family of Charming, California, as well as other members of the Sons of Anarchy Motorcycle Club, Redwood Original (SAMCRO), their families, various Charming townspeople, allied and rival gangs, associates, and law agencies that undermine or support SAMCRO's legal and illegal enterprises.

Malcolm-Jamal Warner
Malcolm-Jamal Warner  (August 18, 1970 – July 20, 2025) was an American actor, musician and poet. He rose to prominence for his role as Theodore Huxtable on the NBC sitcom The Cosby Show (1984–1992), which earned him an Emmy nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series at the 38th Primetime Emmy Awards. He was also known for his roles as Malcolm McGee on the sitcom Malcolm & Eddie (1996–2000), Dr. Alex Reed in the sitcom Reed Between the Lines (2011, 2015), Julius Rowe in Suits (2016–2017) and Dr. AJ Austin in the medical drama The Resident (2018–2023).

In 2015, Warner received a Grammy Award for Best Traditional R&B Performance for the song "Jesus Children" alongside Robert Glasper Experiment and Lalah Hathaway.

In July 2025, Warner died, aged 54, from drowning in the ocean off Limón Province, Costa Rica after being caught in a strong current.
5th Texas Cavalry Regiment
The 5th Texas Cavalry Regiment or 5th Texas Mounted Rifles was a unit of mounted volunteers from Texas that fought in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. The unit was organized at San Antonio in August 1861 for the purpose of invading New Mexico Territory. In 1862, the unit participated in the ultimately unsuccessful New Mexico Campaign. In 1863, the regiment fought at Galveston, Fort Bisland, Irish Bend, Second Donaldsonville, and Sterling's Plantation. In 1864, the unit was in action during the Red River Campaign. After being withdrawn to Texas, the regiment disbanded by June 1865.

Battle of Stirling's Plantation
The Battle of Stirling's Plantation (also spelled Battle of Sterling's Plantation), also known as the Battle of Fordoche Bridge, was an American Civil War battle took place on September 29, 1863 in Pointe Coupee Parish, Louisiana.
Carabinieri (TV series)
Carabinieri is an Italian police procedural comedy-drama television series on Canale 5. It aired from 2002 to 2008. The show follows the story of the military police (Carabinieri) barracks located in Città della Pieve.

Canale 5
Canale 5 (Italian: [kaˈnaːle ˈtʃiŋkwe]) is an Italian free-to-air television channel owned by Mediaset. In 1980, it became the first private television network to achieve national coverage in Italy. The channel is aimed mainly at an adult audience and its programming is geared towards entertainment, including movies and TV series.