hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Peki'in
Peki'in (alternatively Peqi'in) (Hebrew: פְּקִיעִין) or Buqei'a  (Levantine Arabic: البقيعة, romanized: əl-Buqēʿa), is a Druze–Arab town with local council status in Israel's Northern District. It is located eight kilometres east of Ma'alot-Tarshiha in the Upper Galilee. In 2023 it had a population of 6,055. The majority of residents are Druze (78%), with a large Christian (20.8%) and Muslim (1.2%) minorities.

The Jewish community of Peki'in maintained a presence since at least the 16th century with a short interruption during the 1936–1939 Arab revolt. Most Jews in Peki'in did not return to the village after the violence, and call themselves the Hadera diaspora. The Zinatis are the only family who returned, and it is currently represented by one elderly member, Margalit Zinati, residing in the village.

Hadera
Hadera (Hebrew: חדרה, pronounced [χadeˈʁa]) is a city located in the Haifa District of Israel, in the northern Sharon region, approximately 45 kilometers (28 miles) from the major cities of Tel Aviv and Haifa. The city is located along 7 km (5 mi) of the Israeli coastal plain. The city's population includes a notable community of post-Soviet and Ethiopian aliyah arrivals. In 2023 it had a population of 106,765.

Hadera was established in 1891 as a farming colony by members of the Zionist group, Hovevei Zion, from Lithuania and Latvia. By 1948, it was a regional center with a population of 11,800. In 1952, Hadera was declared a city, with jurisdiction over an area of 53,000 dunams.
Duders Hill
Duders Hill (also Takamaiiwaho) was a 20 metre high scoria mound located on the Devonport coast, on the lower south-east slopes of Takarunga / Mount Victoria, in the Auckland volcanic field. It was mostly quarried away in the early 20th century

Auckland volcanic field
The Auckland volcanic field is an area of monogenetic volcanoes covered by much of the metropolitan area of Auckland, New Zealand's largest city, located in the North Island. The approximately 53 volcanoes in the field have produced a diverse array of maars (explosion craters), tuff rings, scoria cones, and lava flows. With the exception of Rangitoto, no volcano has erupted more than once, but the other eruptions lasted for various periods ranging from a few weeks to several years. Rangitoto erupted several times and recently twice; in an eruption that occurred about 600 years ago, followed by a second eruption approximately 50 years later. The field is fuelled entirely by basaltic magma, unlike the explosive subduction-driven volcanism in the central North Island, such as at Mount Ruapehu and Lake Taupō.
Anne Buijs
Anne Elise Buijs (born December 2, 1991) is a Dutch volleyball player. She has been a member of the national team since 2008. She is the daughter of international coach and ex-volleyball player Teun Buijs, who trained her for several clubs in her career. Her mother and older brother were also volleyball players. She currently plays for the american club LOVB.

Praia Clube
Praia Clube (Brazilian Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈpɾajɐ ˈklubi]) is a social and sports club from Uberlândia, Minas Gerais. It is best known for its professional volleyball teams which play in the Brazilian Women's and Men's Superleague.
Tom Cornell
Thomas C. Cornell (April 11, 1934 – August 1, 2022) was an American journalist and a peace activist against the Vietnam War and the Iraq War. He was an associate editor of the Catholic Worker and a deacon in the Catholic Church.

Conscientious objector
A conscientious objector is an "individual who has claimed the right to refuse to perform military service" on the grounds of freedom of conscience or religion. The term has also been extended to objecting to working for the military–industrial complex due to a crisis of conscience. In some countries, conscientious objectors are assigned to an alternative civilian service as a substitute for conscription or military service.

A number of organizations around the world celebrate the principle on May 15 as International Conscientious Objection Day.

On March 8, 1995, the United Nations Commission on Human Rights resolution 1995/83 stated that "persons performing military service should not be excluded from the right to have conscientious objections to military service". This was re-affirmed on April 22, 1998, when resolution 1998/77 recognized that "persons [already] performing military service may develop conscientious objections".
Le Juif errant (opera)
Le Juif errant (The Wandering Jew) is a grand opera by Fromental Halévy, with a libretto by Eugène Scribe and Jules-Henri Vernoy de Saint-Georges.

The opera is based extremely loosely on themes of the novel Le Juif errant, by Eugène Sue. Whilst the novel is set in 19th century Paris and the Wandering Jew is incidental to the main story-line, the opera begins in Amsterdam in 1190 and the Jew Ahasuerus (spelled Ashvérus in the opera) is a leading character.

Grand opera
Grand opera is a genre of 19th-century opera generally in four or five acts, characterized by large-scale casts and orchestras. The original productions consisted of spectacular design and stage effects with plots normally based on or around dramatic historic events. The term is particularly applied (sometimes specifically used in its French-language equivalent grand opéra, pronounced [ɡʁɑ̃t‿ɔpeʁa]) to certain productions of the Paris Opéra from the late 1820s to around 1860; 'grand opéra' has sometimes been used to denote the Paris Opéra itself.

The term 'grand opera' is also used in a broader application in respect of contemporary or later works of similar monumental proportions from France, Germany, Italy, and other countries.

It may also be used colloquially in an imprecise sense to refer to 'serious opera without spoken dialogue'.
Stainforth Force
Stainforth Force (also known as Stainforth Foss and Ribble Falls), is a 2.5-metre (8 ft 2 in) high cascade waterfall on the River Ribble at Stainforth, 3 miles (5 km) north of Settle in North Yorkshire, England. The waterfall is a popular tourist attraction in autumn when Atlantic salmon are migrating up the river.

River Ribble
The River Ribble runs through North Yorkshire and Lancashire in Northern England. It starts close to the Ribblehead Viaduct in North Yorkshire, and is one of the few that start in the Yorkshire Dales and flow westwards towards the Irish Sea (the Dee in Dentdale and the Twiss in Kingsdale being notable others).
John Janney
John Janney (November 8, 1798 – January 5, 1872) was a member of the Whig Party in Virginia prior to its demise, delegate to the Virginia General Assembly from Loudoun County and served as President of the Virginia Secession Convention in 1861.

Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1850
The Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1850 was an assembly of elected delegates chosen by the voters to write the fundamental law of Virginia. It is known as the Reform Convention because it liberalized Virginia political institutions.
2004 Hamburg Masters
The 2004 Hamburg Masters was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 98th edition of the Hamburg Masters, and was part of the ATP Masters Series of the 2004 ATP Tour. It took place at the Rothenbaum Tennis Center in Hamburg, Germany, from 10 May through 17 May 2004. First-seeded Roger Federer won the singles title.

2004 ATP Tour
The 2004 ATP Tour was the global elite men's professional tennis circuit organised by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) for the 2004 tennis season. The ATP Tour is the elite tour for professional tennis organised by the ATP. The ATP Tour includes the four Grand Slam tournaments, the Tennis Masters Cup, the ATP Masters Series, the International Series Gold and the International Series tournaments.
Tamerton Foliot railway station
Tamerton Foliot was a railway station,  built by the Plymouth, Devonport and South Western Junction Railway (PDSWJR) on its line from Lydford to Devonport Kings Road and Plymouth Friary on the section that is now the Tamar Valley Line.

Lydford railway station
Lydford railway station was a junction at Lydford between the Great Western Railway (GWR) and London and South Western Railway (LSWR) situated in a remote part of north-west Dartmoor in Devon, England.
Mykola Babak
Mykola Panteleimonovych Babak (Ukrainian: Микола Пантелеймонович Бабак; 10 June 1954) is a Ukrainian artist, writer, publisher, and art collector; participant of the Ukrainian New Wave; lives and works in Cherkasy.

National Art Museum of Ukraine
The National Art Museum of Ukraine (Ukrainian: Національний художній музей України [nɐts⁽ʲ⁾ioˈnɑlʲnɪj xʊˈdɔʒn⁽ʲ⁾ij mʊˈzɛj ʊkrɐˈjinɪ], romanized: Natsionalnyi khudozhnii muzei Ukrainy, stylized NAMU) is a museum dedicated to Ukrainian art in Kyiv, Ukraine.
Thordher
Thordher is an administrative unit, known as Union council of Swabi District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.

District Swabi has 4 Tehsils i.e. Swabi Tehsil, Lahor, Topi Tehsil and Razar. Each Tehsil comprises certain numbers of union councils. There are 56 union councils in district Swabi.

Lahor
Lāhor (لاهور), also known as Little Lahore (Pashto: وړوکی لاهور, Urdu: چھوٹا لاہور), previously known as Salatura (سلاطوره), is a town within the Swabi District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The town serves as the headquarters of the Lahor Tehsil and is administratively subdivided into two union councils. The town is a settlement of 35,000 people and is located at 34°02′54″N 72°21′56″E﻿ / ﻿34.048472°N 72.365583°E﻿ / 34.048472; 72.365583 with an altitude of 308 metres and lies west of Swabi and on the northern bank of the Indus River (locally known as Abasin). In the vicinity of Lahor are Panjpir, Hund and Zaida.
Sakishima Beacons
The Sakishima Beacons (先島諸島火番盛, Yaeyama:Piːbammurï, Japanese:Sakishima-shotō hibanmui) are a network of eighteen observation platforms and beacons on thirteen islands dating to the early Edo period and located in the Sakishima Islands, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. Erected in 1644 by the Ryūkyū Kingdom at the instigation of their Satsuma overlords, at a time of international tension during the transition between the Ming and the Qing Dynasties of China, the beacons were responsible for monitoring and reporting on maritime traffic. After an initial survey by the Council for the Protection of Cultural Properties in 1993, due to uncertainties over land rights and difficulties of coordination between the involved municipalities, it was not until 2007 that they were jointly designated an National Historic Site.

Ishigaki Island
Ishigaki Island (Japanese: 石垣島; Yaeyama: Ishanagï; Okinawan: Ishigachi) is a Japanese island south-west of Okinawa Hontō and the second-largest island of the Yaeyama Island group, behind Iriomote Island. It is located approximately 411 km (255 mi) south-west of Okinawa Hontō. It is within the City of Ishigaki in Okinawa Prefecture. The city functions as the business and transport center of the archipelago. The island is served by New Ishigaki Airport, the largest airport in the Yaeyamas.

Much of the island and surrounding waters including Mount Omoto and Kabira Bay are protected as part of Iriomote-Ishigaki National Park.

Ishigaki Island, like the rest of Okinawa, is culturally influenced by both Japan and Taiwan due to its location, about 300 km (186 mi) off the north eastern coast of Taiwan.
Costas loop
A Costas loop is a phase-locked loop (PLL) based circuit which is used for carrier frequency recovery from suppressed-carrier modulation signals (e.g. double-sideband suppressed carrier signals) and phase modulation signals (e.g. BPSK, QPSK). It was invented by John P. Costas at General Electric in the 1950s. Its invention was described as having had "a profound effect on modern digital communications".
The primary application of Costas loops is in wireless receivers. Its advantage over other PLL-based detectors is that at small deviations the Costas loop error voltage is  as compared to . This translates to double the sensitivity and also makes the Costas loop uniquely suited for tracking Doppler-shifted carriers, especially in OFDM and GPS receivers.

Voltage-controlled oscillator
A voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) is an electronic oscillator whose oscillation frequency is controlled by a voltage input. The applied input voltage determines the instantaneous oscillation frequency.  Consequently, a VCO can be used for frequency modulation (FM) or phase modulation (PM) by applying a modulating signal to the control input.  A VCO is also an integral part of a phase-locked loop. VCOs are used in synthesizers to generate a waveform whose pitch can be adjusted by a voltage determined by a musical keyboard or other input.

A voltage-to-frequency converter (VFC) is a special type of VCO designed to be very linear in frequency control over a wide range of input control voltages.
Stretched grid method
The stretched grid method (SGM) is a numerical technique for finding approximate solutions of various mathematical and engineering problems that can be related to an elastic grid behavior. In particular, meteorologists use the stretched grid method for weather prediction and engineers use the stretched grid method to design tents and other tensile structures.

Minimal surface
In mathematics, a minimal surface is a surface that locally minimizes its area. This is equivalent to having zero mean curvature (see definitions below).

The term "minimal surface" is used because these surfaces originally arose as surfaces that minimized total surface area subject to some constraint. Physical models of area-minimizing minimal surfaces can be made by dipping a wire frame into a soap solution, forming a soap film, which is a minimal surface whose boundary is the wire frame. However, the term is used for more general surfaces that may self-intersect or do not have constraints. For a given constraint there may also exist several minimal surfaces with different areas (for example, see minimal surface of revolution): the standard definitions only relate to a local optimum, not a global optimum.
Llavea
Llavea is a monotypic genus of fern in the family Pteridaceae. The sole species is Llavea cordifolia. It is often cultivated as an ornamental foliage plant. The genus was named in honour of Pablo de La Llave, a Mexican naturalist.

Recent cladistic studies have shown that this genus forms a natural group with Cryptogramma and Coniogramme, a group that is sister to all the other pteridoid ferns. This group has been published as the Cryptogrammoideae, one of five subfamilies of the Pteridaceae.

Cryptogramma
Cryptogramma is a genus of ferns known commonly as rockbrakes or parsley ferns. They are one of the three genera in the Cryptogrammoideae subfamily of the Pteridaceae. Cryptogramma ferns can be found in temperate regions on several continents worldwide. These ferns have two kinds of leaves which often look so different that at first glance they appear to belong to different plants. The fertile leaves have long, narrow, bumpy segments with undersides covered thickly in sporangia. The edges of the segments may curl back to cover the sporangia, forming a false indusium. The sterile leaves have thinner, wider segments which may be rounded and resemble the leaves of parsley. These ferns grow in rocky areas, often in crevices and cracks.
Richard Berens (cricketer, born 1801)
Richard Beavoir Berens (16 December 1801 – 25 February 1859) was an English amateur cricketer who played in 1819 for Hampshire and then reappeared in 1830 to play for Gentlemen of Kent. He was a brother of Henry Berens. He made four known appearances in important matches.

His grandson Richard played important cricket in the 1890s.

Richard Berens (cricketer, born 1864)
Richard Berens (28 January 1864 – 14 July 1909) was an English cricketer and a barrister.

Berens was educated at Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford. He qualified as a barrister at the Inner Temple in 1892.

A club cricketer, Berens was invited to take part in two tours by English amateurs to the West Indies in 1894-95 and 1896-97 and one to North America in 1898. He played all of his first-class cricket career on these tours. He was a batsman, but his contributions were modest: the 37 and 50 he scored in the second match against Barbados on the first tour were the only innings in which he reached 25.

Berens married Elizabeth Evelyn Gibbons on 3 December 1900.
Qualifying method of Copa Libertadores in Argentina
The Copa Libertadores remains the most prestigious competition in South America for clubs, and the Primera División Argentina was the most successful league in the cup's history, having won the competition 24 times; Independiente has a record seven wins, followed by Boca Juniors with six, Estudiantes (LP) and River Plate with four, while Racing Club, Argentinos Juniors, Vélez Sarsfield and San Lorenzo have one apiece.

Apertura and Clausura in Argentine football
The Apertura and Clausura system was a single round-robin tournament format used for the Argentine Primera División championships. Introduced in 1990–91, it lasted until the 2012–13 season when it was replaced by the "Inicial and Final", a similar tournament.
2014 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 100 metre freestyle
The men's 100 metre freestyle competition at the 2014 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 22 at the Gold Coast Aquatic Centre.  The last champion was Nathan Adrian of US.

This race consisted of two lengths of the pool, both lengths being in freestyle.

2010 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 100 metre freestyle
The men's 100 metre freestyle competition at the 2010 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 19 at the William Woollett Jr. Aquatics Center.  The last champion was Brent Hayden of Canada.

This race consisted of two lengths of the pool, both lengths being in freestyle.
1st Cavalry Division Artillery (United States)
The 1st Cavalry Division Artillery (DIVARTY) or "Red Team" is the Force Field Artillery Headquarters for the 1st Cavalry Division. The DIVARTY served with the division from 1941 to 2005, including combat service in World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam War, Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm, and Operation Iraqi Freedom and in peacetime in Japan, Korea, and Fort Cavazos (Fort Hood), Texas. As the Force Fires Headquarters, the DIVARTY provides fire support coordination and mission command for the training and readiness of field artillery units across the division.

82nd Field Artillery Regiment
82nd Field Artillery Regiment is a field artillery regiment of the United States Army. The regiment has been involved in American conflicts dating back to the Mexican Civil War, as well as modern operations such as the war on terrorism. There are two active and three inactive battalions in the regiment. Traditionally, the regiment has been aligned with the 1st Cavalry Division at Fort Hood, Texas and Fort Bliss, Texas.
Al Faisaliyyah (Riyadh)
Al-Faisaliyyah (Arabic: حي الفيصلية, romanized: ḥaī al-Faīṣalīyah), locally al-Ghalah (Arabic: الغالة) and pejoratively as al-Mamnūʿāt (Arabic: الممنوعات; lit. no-go zone), is a shanty neighborhood and a subject of Baladiyah al-Batha in south-east Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, inhabited mainly by lower-class Afro-Arabs besides having significant presence of Yemenis, Indians, Filipinos and Bangladeshis. Bordered by Southern Ring Road to the south and Eastern Ring Road to the east, it shares proximity with as-Sinaiyah and al-Khalidiyyah neighborhoods to the west and al-Faruq neighborhood to the north.

Sinaiyah al-Qadimah (Riyadh)
Sinaiyah al-Qadimah (Arabic: الصناعية القديمة, romanized: aṣ-Ṣināʿīyah al-Qadīmah, lit. 'old industrial area'), officially First Industrial City, and often shortened to as-Sinaiyah, is an industrial district in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, located southwest of al-Malazz and north of al-Khalidiyyah in the sub-municipalities of  al-Malaz and al-Batha. It was established west of the Riyadh Rail Station in 1973 during the reign of King Faisal bin Abdulaziz as part of the first national five-year development plan of 1970–1975, covering an area of 123.5 acres. The southern part of the district is popular for its automobile workshops and spare parts stores. It is overseen by the Saudi Authority for Industrial Cities and Technology Zones (MODON).
SS Oliver Ellsworth
SS Oliver Ellsworth was a Liberty ship built in the United States during World War II. She was named after Founding Father Oliver Ellsworth, an American lawyer, judge, politician, and diplomat. He was a framer of the United States Constitution, a United States senator from Connecticut, and the third Chief Justice of the United States.

Port and starboard
Port and starboard are nautical terms for watercraft and spacecraft, referring respectively to the left and right sides of the vessel, when aboard and facing the bow (front).

Vessels with bilateral symmetry have left and right halves which are mirror images of each other. One asymmetric feature is where access to a boat, ship, or aircraft is at the side; it is usually only on the port side (hence the name).
Neimongosaurus
Neimongosaurus (meaning "Nei Mongol lizard") is a genus of herbivorous therizinosaurian theropod dinosaur that lived in China during the Late Cretaceous period. Its fossils are known from the strata of the Iren Dabasu Formation. It is known from two specimens, discovered in 1999 by researchers from the Ministry of Land and Resources and described two years later. One species, N. yangi, is known, named after Chinese palaeontologist Yang Zhongjian.

Ilium (bone)
The ilium (/ˈɪliəm/) (pl.: ilia) is the uppermost and largest region of the coxal bone, and appears in most vertebrates including mammals and birds, but not bony fish.  All reptiles have an ilium except snakes, with the exception of some snake species which have a tiny bone considered to be an ilium.

The ilium of the human is divisible into two parts, the body and the wing; the separation is indicated on the top surface by a curved line, the arcuate line, and on the external surface by the margin of the acetabulum.

The name comes from the Latin (ile, ilis), meaning "groin" or "flank".
Title 34 of the United States Code
Title 34 of the United States Code is a non-positive law title of the United States Code with the heading "Crime Control and Law Enforcement."  Released on September 1, 2017, by the Office of the Law Revision Counsel of the United States House of Representatives, it contains "crime control and law enforcement programs or activities in which the Attorney General or the Department of Justice (or one of its components) have been given primary responsibility."  Much of the law transferred to Title 34 were laws editorially classified to sections of Title 42 or set out as notes to Titles 42, 18, and 28.

Title 42 of the United States Code
Title 42 of the United States Code is the  United States Code dealing with public health, social welfare, and civil rights. Parts of Title 42 which formerly related to the US space program have been transferred to Title 51.
Timeline of women in warfare and the military in the United States, 2011–present
This article lists events involving Women in warfare and the military in the United States since 2011. For the previous decade, see Timeline of women in warfare and the military in the United States, 2000–2010.

Women's Army Corps
The Women's Army Corps (WAC; /wæk/) was the women's branch of the United States Army. It was created as an auxiliary unit, the Women's Army Auxiliary Corps (WAAC), on 15 May 1942, and converted to an active duty status in the Army of the United States as the WAC on 1 July 1943. Its first director was Colonel Oveta Culp Hobby. The WAC was disbanded on 20 October 1978, and all WAC units were integrated with male units.