hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
LEAD Public Schools
LEAD Public Schools is an American non-profit organization based in Nashville, US running a network of charter schools. LEAD was founded in 2007 by Jeremy Kane as the first charter management organization in the state of Tennessee. Since its establishment, LEAD has grown to serve 1,250 students across Nashville. As part of a statewide initiative to improve under-performing schools, LEAD received millions of dollars to expand its reach in the local area. Its growth has been augmented by a partnership with Metro Nashville Public Schools and the Achievement School District, which selected LEAD as the charter operator for turnaround schools in these districts. Chris Barbic, the founder of Yes Prep and the superintendent of the Achievement School District, expressed his thoughts regarding LEAD's results in a public press release.

YES Prep Public Schools
YES Prep Public Schools, Inc. is a network of public, open-enrollment charter schools located in Greater Houston. Its headquarters are located at its Southside campus. The YES program is a university-preparatory program for grades K-12.
Ontse Ntesa
Ontse Ntesa (born 24 October 1989) is a Motswana international footballer who plays as a defender for Motswana club Black Forest. 
He has won five caps for the Botswana national football team.

His transfer away from ECCO City Green in 2013 happened as the team struggled to find an investor.

Botswana national football team
The Botswana national football team (Tswana: Setlhopha sa bosetšhaba sa kgwele ya dinao sa Botswana) represents Botswana in men's international association football. It is governed by the Botswana Football Association (BFA) which was founded in 1970.

As of December 2025, the team has qualified for two editions of Africa Cup of Nations, in 2012 and 2025, and it has not managed to qualify for the FIFA World Cup. The team also participates in the regional COSAFA Cup which is open to Southern African national teams and takes place annually; Botswana's best result in the cup to date is finishing runners-up in the 2016 and 2019 editions.
Glochiceras
Glochiceras is a haploceratid ammonite characterized by  a small, smooth, compressed, evolute shells with large lappets and a median lateral groove. Its geographic distribution is fairly cosmopolitan, but it is limited stratigraphically to the Oxfordian and Kimmeridgian stages in the Upper Jurassic.

The earlier, Bajocian, Cadomoceras is similar overall, except for having a large ventral rostrum and spatulate lappets at the aperture, and coarse ventral plications.

Kimmeridgian
In the geologic timescale, the Kimmeridgian is an age in the Late Jurassic Epoch and a stage in the Upper Jurassic Series. It spans the time between 154.8 ±0.8 Ma and 149.2 ±0.7 Ma (million years ago). The Kimmeridgian follows the Oxfordian and precedes the Tithonian.
The Challenger Muay Thai
The Challenger Muay Thai is a reality-based television series, nominated for the International Emmy Award for Best Non-Scripted Entertainment in 2012, that follows 16 aspiring Muay Thai middleweight fighters, from around the world, as they compete in a series of outdoor challenges and sanctioned matches held in Malaysia.

Each week, the fighters are trained by Hanarong and Nugget McNaught. Every match consists of five rounds, each lasting between five and 15 minutes.

The winner received US$100,000 and bragging rights as "The Challenger Muay Thai Champion".

The Challenger Muaythai was shown on AXN, Prime Time, every Thursday, created by Riaz Mehta and produced by Imagine Group and The Group Entertainment, under sanctioning of the World Muaythai Council (WMC), the world's governing body for the sport of muaythai.

Antoine Pinto
Antoine Pinto (born February 16, 1991), also known as Antoine Siangboxing, is a French former Muay Thai kickboxer who trains in Thailand.

Pinto is best known as the youngest foreign fighter to have competed at the prestigious Lumpinee Stadium at 14 and Rajadamnern Stadium at 15.

He has competed for the Thai Fight and Glory promotions.
FC Berezniki
FC Berezniki (Russian: ФК «Березники») was a Russian football team from Berezniki. It played professionally in 1958, 1960 to 1970 and 2001. Their best result was 9th spot in the Zone IV Russian SFSR of the Soviet First League in 1960.

Berezniki
Berezniki (Russian: Березники́; Komi-Permyak: Кыдззакар; Kydźzakar) is the second-largest city in Perm Krai, Russia. The city is located on the banks of the Kama River, in the Ural Mountains with a population of 132,841 as of 2025.
Patterson v. New York
Patterson v. New York, 432 U.S. 197 (1977), was a legal case heard by the Supreme Court of the United States that stated that the Due Process Clause Fourteenth Amendment did not prevent the burdening of a defendant to prove the affirmative defense of extreme emotional disturbance as defined by law in the state of New York.

The court found that the State of New York had reclassified provocation ("extreme emotional disturbance") as an excuse (an affirmative defense requiring proof by preponderance of the evidence), rather than mens rea, which the prosecution had to prove beyond a reasonable doubt, as was the situation in Mullaney v. Wilbur (1975).: 18

Mens rea
In criminal law, mens rea (/ˈmɛnz ˈreɪə/; Law Latin for "guilty mind") is the mental state of a defendant who is accused of committing a crime. In common law jurisdictions, most crimes require proof both of mens rea and actus reus ("guilty act") before the defendant can be found guilty.
GrimSkunk
GrimSkunk is a rock band from Montreal, Quebec, Canada, influenced by punk, rock, progressive and world music. Their style is self-described as "world punk". They are regarded as being part of the foundation of the Quebec alternative scene, having influenced many young musicians and bands.

The band integrates many languages into its songs, such as French, English, Spanish, Greek, and Persian. It has also integrated many styles of music, including punk rock, hardcore, reggae, progressive and psychedelic rock, ska, rap, and world music.

Over the years, the band shared the stage with many prominent acts such as System Of A Down, Meshuggah, Manu Chao, and Suicidal Tendencies, as well as peers Anonymus, Vulgaires Machins, Deadly Apples, and The Sainte Catherines. They have toured extensively, including concerts on four continents.

Manu Chao
Manu Chao (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈmanu ˈtʃao]; born José Manuel Tomás Arturo Chao Ortega on 21 June 1961) is a French-Spanish musician. He sings in French, Spanish, English, Italian, Arabic, Catalan, Galician, Portuguese, Greek, and occasionally in other languages. Chao began his musical career in Paris, busking and playing with groups such as Hot Pants and Los Carayos, which combined a variety of languages and musical styles. With friends and his brother Antoine Chao, he founded the band Mano Negra in 1987, achieving considerable success, particularly in Europe. He became a solo artist after its breakup in 1995 and since then has toured regularly with his live band, Radio Bemba Sound System.
Teresa Santos
Teresa Stela Barbosa Silva Santos (born June 9, 1998) is a Brazilian model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Brazil 2021. She represented Brazil at Miss Universe 2021. Santos had previously been crowned Miss Ceará 2021 and Miss Ceará 2018,
and placed as the second runner-up at Miss Brazil 2018. She is the fourth woman from Ceará to win Miss Brazil.

Miss Brazil
Miss Brazil (Portuguese: Miss Brasil) is a Brazilian national beauty pageant, held annually since 1954. The competition has gone through several incarnations throughout its history, while its main purpose has been to select the Brazilian representative for the Miss World pageant.
Syngnathus macrobrachium
Syngnathus macrobrachium (large-fin pipefish) is a species of pipefishes, which is common in the southern-eastern Pacific in the coastal waters from Tumbes (Peru) to Puerto Montt (Chile). It is a marine subtropical demersal fish, up to 22.5 centimetres (8.9 in) length.  Very little is known about this species' biology but it is thought that it lives over sand and other soft sea beds in shallow coastal waters including estuaries and brackish lagoons. This species is ovoviviparous, the males brood the fertilised eggs below the tail before giving birth to the larvae.

Tumbes, Peru
Tumbes is a city in northwestern Peru, on the banks of the Tumbes River. It is the capital of the Tumbes Region, as well as of Tumbes Province and Tumbes District. Located near the border with Ecuador, Tumbes has 111,595 inhabitants as of 2015. It is served by the Cap. FAP Pedro Canga Rodriguez Airport. It is located on the Gulf of Guayaquil along with Zorritos.
Meritites IV
Meritites IV (also  known as Meritites II as she was the second queen by that name; fl. c. 2250 BC) was a queen consort from the Sixth Dynasty. She was believed to be a wife of Pepi I, but her title of King's Daughter of his body of Pepy-Mennefer (s3t-niswt-nt-kht.f-ppy-mn-nfr) is now understood to indicate that she was a daughter of Pepi I Meryre and wife of a king Neferkare, presumably Pepi II. One more evidence for that theory is that her name means "Beloved of her father".

Queen consort
A queen consort  is the wife of a reigning king, and usually shares her spouse's social rank and status. She holds the feminine equivalent of the king's monarchical titles and may be crowned and anointed, but historically she does not formally share the king's political and military powers, unless on occasion acting as regent.  In polygynous societies, a (male) monarch has a principal or senior wife.

In contrast, a queen regnant is a female monarch who rules suo jure (Latin for, "in her own right") and usually becomes queen by inheriting the throne upon the death of the previous monarch.

A queen dowager is a widowed queen consort, and a queen mother is a queen dowager who is the mother of the current monarch.
Kazi Tajuddeen ITI
Kazi Tajuddeen ITI (காஜி தாஜுத்தீன் தொழிற் பயிற்சி நிலையம்)  is an Industrial training institute in Kazimar street, Madurai It is a Muslim minority industrial training institution run by the Kazi Tajudeen society. It is affiliated to the National Council for Vocational Training (NCVT) and is the first Muslim ITI in Madurai and among the oldest academic institutions in Madurai. The institute offers 3 training courses as full-time.

Kazimar Street
9°54′48″N 78°6′51″E﻿ / ﻿9.91333°N 78.11417°E﻿ / 9.91333; 78.11417

Kazimar Street is an ancient street in Madurai, India, dating from the 13th century. Kazi Syed Tajuddin is the one who settled here after preaching Islam in South India. 99.2% population of this street are Muslims and 0.8% Hindus. The famous Kazimar periya pallivasal, which is the first Muslims' place of worship in madurai, Madurai Maqbara the dargah of famous Madurai Hazrats are located in this street.
Julius Briganticus
Julius Briganticus (died AD 69) was a Batavian who commanded auxiliary cavalry in the Roman Army. He was the son of the sister of Gaius Julius Civilis, the leader of the Batavian rebellion, who apparently hated his nephew. The nomen Julius indicates he was a Roman citizen. The cognomen Briganticus perhaps suggests he, or his father, gained distinction fighting against the Brigantes of northern Britain.

In 69, during the civil wars of the Year of Four Emperors, Briganticus initially fought for Otho but surrendered to Vitellius's forces after the battle of Placentia. He later commanded a picked squad of cavalry that had been formed by Vitellius but went over to Vespasian. He died fighting for the Romans under Quintus Petillius Cerialis against his uncle during the Batavian revolt.

Revolt of the Batavi
The Revolt of the Batavi took place in the Roman province of Germania Inferior ("Lower Germania") between AD 69 and 70. It was an uprising against the Roman Empire started by the Batavi, a small but militarily powerful Germanic tribe that inhabited Batavia, on the delta of the river Rhine. They were soon joined by the Celtic tribes from Gallia Belgica and some Germanic tribes.

Under the leadership of their hereditary prince Gaius Julius Civilis, an auxiliary officer in the Imperial Roman army, the Batavi and their allies managed to inflict a series of humiliating defeats on the Roman army, including the destruction of two legions. After these initial successes, a massive Roman army led by the Roman general Quintus Petillius Cerialis eventually defeated the rebels. Following peace talks, the Batavi submitted again to Roman rule, but were forced to accept humiliating terms and a legion stationed permanently on their territory, at Noviomagus (modern day Nijmegen, The Netherlands).
Ellen Kuipers
Ellen Marchien Dubbeldam-Kuipers (born 8 April 1971 in Hattem, Gelderland) is a former field hockey forward from the Netherlands, who played a total number of 94 international matches for the Dutch National Women's Team, in which she scored 32 goals. She made her debut on 17 June 1994 in a friendly against Germany, and won the bronze medal at the 1996 Summer Olympics. Kuipers retired from international competition after the 1998 World Cup in Utrecht. Post retirement, her interests lie in branding and interior design.

Netherlands women's national field hockey team
The Netherlands' national women's field hockey team is currently number one on the International Hockey Federation (FIH) world rankings and the reigning world champion. The Netherlands is the most successful team in World Cup history, having won the title a record nine times. The team has also won ten Olympic medals.
Bahía Bustamante
Bahía Bustamante  is a village and municipality in the Escalante Department of the Chubut Province in southern Argentina. The village was established in 1953. It is located 180 km north of Comodoro Rivadavia and 250 km south of Trelew.

This is the only town in Argentina, dedicated to collecting seaweed and mussel . It has a nature reserve where about 4000 sea lions live, colonies of more than 50, 000 penguins, 22 species of birds, white sand beaches and a petrified forest. The village was featured in several travel articles in March 2011.

Chubut Province
Chubut (Spanish: Provincia del Chubut [tʃuˈβut] – from Tehuelche chupat 'transparent'; Welsh: Talaith Chubut [taˈlaɪθ ˈχɨbɨt]) is a province in southern Argentina, situated between the 42nd parallel south (the border with Río Negro Province), the 46th parallel south (bordering Santa Cruz Province), the Andes range to the west (bordering Chile), and the Atlantic Ocean to the east. The province's name derives from the Tehuelche word chupat, meaning 'transparent', their description of the Chubut River.

The largest city is Comodoro Rivadavia in the south of the province; it had 199,369 inhabitants at the 2022 Census. The administrative capital is Rawson (27,157). Other important cities are Puerto Madryn (97,625), Trelew (104,657), Esquel (36,624) and Sarmiento (13,892). Gaiman (6,376) is a cultural and demographic centre of the region known as Y Wladfa in which Welsh-Argentines are concentrated.
Pigache
The pigache, also known by other names, was a kind of shoe with a sharp upturned point at the toes that became popular in Western Europe during the Romanesque Period. The same name is also sometimes applied to earlier similar Byzantine footwear.

History of Poland in the Middle Ages
This article covers the history of Poland in the Middle Ages. This time covers roughly a millennium, from the 5th century to the 16th century. It is commonly dated from the Fall of the Western Roman Empire, and contrasted with a later Early Modern Period. The time during which the rise of humanism in the Italian Renaissance and the Reformation unfolded is generally associated with the transition out of the Middle Ages, with European overseas expansion as a succeeding process, but such dates are approximate and based upon nuanced arguments.
Otto Nieminen
Otto Nieminen (born 8 May 1996) is a Finnish ice hockey player. He is currently signed to UK Elite Ice Hockey League (EIHL) side Dundee Stars.

Nieminen made his Liiga debut playing with HC TPS during the 2014–15 season.

Dundee Stars
The Dundee Stars are a Scottish professional ice hockey team based in the city of Dundee. They were formed in 2001 and play their home games at the Dundee Ice Arena, situated off the city's main Kingsway dual carriageway.

The team currently play in the top professional UK-wide Elite Ice Hockey League and have previously played in others including the British National League (BNL), Scottish National League (SNL) and The Northern League.
In joining the Elite League (EIHL), they are one of three Scottish teams playing in the competition, alongside Glasgow Clan and Fife Flyers.
Paul Benavides
Paul Benavides Breu (born 5 November 1964) is a Mexican former pole vaulter.

He finished fourth at the 1995 Pan American Games. He also competed at the 1993 and 1995 World Championships without reaching the final.

His personal best jump was 5.72 metres, achieved in June 1994 in El Paso. This was the Mexican record for many years. It was surpassed by Giovanni Lanaro in 2007.

Benavides won the British AAA Championships title in the pole vault event at the 1990 AAA Championships.

AAA Championships
The AAA Championships was an annual track and field competition organised by the Amateur Athletic Association of England. It was the foremost domestic athletics event in the United Kingdom during its lifetime, despite the existence of the official UK Athletics Championships organised by the then governing body for British athletics, the British Athletics Federation between 1977 and 1993, and again in 1997. It was succeeded by the British Athletics Championships, organised by the BEF's replacement (successor), UK Athletics under its brand name British Athletics.
Freeman's Marsh
Freeman's Marsh is a 25.1-hectare (62-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest on the northern outskirts of Hungerford in Berkshire, England. It is in the North Wessex Downs, which is an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The site is owned by the Town and Manor of Hungerford.

Freeman's Marsh is in the flood plain of the River Dun, which goes through the site. It has unimproved meadows, which have long been traditionally managed by grazing, marsh, reedbeds and scattered woodland. Many species of birds nest on the river bank and in the marshy meadows, including snipe, little grebes and mute swans, while sedge warblers, reed warblers and reed buntings nest in tall fen and reed.

The site is crossed by public footpaths.

Little grebe
The little grebe (Tachybaptus ruficollis), also known as the dabchick, is a member of the grebe family of water birds. The genus name is from Ancient Greek takhus "fast" and bapto "to sink under". The specific ruficollis is from Latin rufus "red" and Modern Latin -collis, "-necked", itself derived from Latin collum "neck".

At 23 to 29 centimetres (9 to 11+1⁄2 inches) in length it is the smallest European member of its family. It is commonly found in open bodies of water across most of its range.
Owadowia
Owadowia is a genus of extinct thalassochelydian turtle from the Late Jurassic of Poland. The type and only species is Owadowia borsukbialynickae, named by Szczygielski and colleagues in 2017 for a partial lower jaw, coracoid, ilium and femur from the early Tithonian Kcynia Formation. The limited material means that it is difficult to compare Owadowia to its relatives, and it may not be a unique taxon. The genus lacks the features diagnostic to its parent clade Thalassochelydia, has similarities to Solnhofia and Portlandemys as well as being a Late Jurassic marine turtle like the remainder of the group.

Late Jurassic
The Late Jurassic is the third epoch of the Jurassic period, and it spans the geologic time from 161.5 ± 1.0 to 143.1 ± 0.6 million years ago (Ma), which is preserved in Upper Jurassic strata.

In European lithostratigraphy, the name "Malm" indicates rocks of Late Jurassic age. In the past, Malm was also used to indicate the unit of geological time, but this usage is now discouraged to make a clear distinction between lithostratigraphic and geochronologic/chronostratigraphic units.
Jeff Jacobson (photographer)
Jeff Jacobson (1946 – 9 August 2020) was a noted American color photographer born in Des Moines, Iowa in 1946.  He began his career as a lawyer for the American Civil Liberties Union before devoting himself to photography after studying under Charles Harbutt.  A member of Magnum Photos from 1978 to 1981, he subsequently was a partner of Archive Pictures and later affiliated with Redux Pictures.

Magnum Photos
Magnum Photos is an international photographic cooperative owned by its photographer-members, with offices in Paris, New York City and London. It was founded in 1947 in Paris by photographers Robert Capa, David "Chim" Seymour, Maria Eisner, Henri Cartier-Bresson, George Rodger, William Vandivert, and Rita Vandivert. Its photographers retain all copyrights to their own work.

In 2010, MSD Capital acquired a collection of nearly 200,000 original press prints of images taken by Magnum photographers, which in 2013 it donated to the Harry Ransom Center.
1835 United Kingdom general election
The 1835 United Kingdom general election was called when Parliament was dissolved on 29 December 1834.  Polling took place between 6 January and 6 February 1835, and the results saw Robert Peel's Conservatives make large gains from their low of the 1832 election, but the Whigs maintained a large majority.

Under the terms of the Lichfield House Compact the Whigs had entered into an electoral pact with the Irish Repeal Association of Daniel O'Connell, which had contested the previous election as a separate party. The Radicals were also included in this alliance.

Radicals (UK)
The Radicals were a loose parliamentary political grouping in Great Britain and Ireland in the early to mid-19th century who drew on earlier ideas of radicalism and helped to transform the Whigs into the Liberal Party.
Lymphoid leucosis
Lymphoid leucosis is a disease that affects chickens, caused by the retrovirus Avian leukosis virus.

It is a neoplastic disease caused by a virus, which may take the form of a tumor of the bursa of Fabricius and may metastasize to other tissues of the chicken and cause enlargement and swelling of the abdomen.

Bursa of Fabricius
In birds, the bursa of Fabricius (Latin: bursa cloacalis or bursa Fabricii) is the site of hematopoiesis.  It is a specialized organ that, as first demonstrated by Bruce Glick and later by Max Dale Cooper and Robert Good, is necessary for B cell (part of the immune system) development in birds. Mammals generally do not have an equivalent organ; the bone marrow is often the site of both hematopoiesis and B cell development. The bursa is present in the cloaca of birds and is named after Hieronymus Fabricius, who described it in 1621.
Michael Kmit
Michael Kmit (Ukrainian: Михайло Кміт) (25 July 1910 in Stryi, Lviv – 22 May 1981 in Sydney, Australia) was a Ukrainian painter who spent twenty-five years in Australia. He is notable for introducing a neo-Byzantine style of painting to Australia, and winning a number of major Australian art prizes including the Blake Prize (1952) and the Sulman Prize (in both 1957 and 1970). In 1969 the Australian artist and art critic James Gleeson described Kmit as "one of the most sumptuous colourists of our time".

Society of Artists (Australia)
The Society of Artists was an influential Sydney based group of progressive artists who staged annual exhibitions from 1895 to the 1960s. The Society included many of Australia's best artists of the time. It lapsed during the mid 1960s.