hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ring crane
A ring crane is a form of large construction crane with a luffing jib. It is distinguished by its slew pivot being in the form of a ring-shaped track, rather than a narrow central spindle. The broad base this gives to the slewing section above allows it to slew whilst carrying extremely heavy loads.

Ring cranes are rare. There are very few of them, and these are operated by specialised heavy lift companies. They may be shipped around the world, as needed. Mammoet Transport operates three PTC ring cranes. Belgian heavy-lift company Sarens has also operated such cranes since 2011.

Level luffing crane
A level-luffing crane is a crane mechanism where the hook remains at the same level while luffing: moving the jib up and down, so as to move the hook inwards and outwards relative to the base.

Usually the description is only applied to those with a luffing jib that have some additional mechanism applied to keep the hook level when luffing.

Level-luffing is most important when careful movement of a load near ground level is required, such as in construction or shipbuilding. This partially explains the popularity of fixed horizontal jibs in these fields.
2000 Chevrolet Monte Carlo 400
The 2000 Chevrolet Monte Carlo 400 was the 25th stock car race of the 2000 NASCAR Winston Cup Series and the 40th iteration of the event. The race was held on Saturday, September 9, 2000, in Richmond, Virginia, at Richmond International Raceway, a 0.75 miles (1.21 km) D-shaped oval. The race took the scheduled 400 laps to complete. At race's end, Jeff Gordon, driving for Hendrick Motorsports, would manage to pull away on the final restart with 15 to go to win his 52nd career NASCAR Winston Cup Series win and his third and final win of the season. To fill out the podium, Dale Earnhardt of Richard Childress Racing and Mark Martin of Roush Racing would finish second and third, respectively.

NASCAR Cup Series at Richmond Raceway
Stock car races in the NASCAR Cup Series have been held at Richmond Raceway in Richmond, Virginia since 1953.

A second race in March was also held at the track from 1953 to 2024 until it was moved to Mexico for the 2025 season.
Coleman v. Schwarzenegger
Coleman v. Schwarzenegger, docket no. 2:90-cv-00520-LKK-JFM (E.D. Cal.), is a federal class action civil rights lawsuit under the Civil Rights Act of 1871, Eighth and Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, and the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 alleging unconstitutional mental health care by the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (CDCR).

The case was consolidated with Plata v. Schwarzenegger and assigned to a three-judge court on July 26, 2007, to hear motions for relief pursuant to the Prison Litigation Reform Act. An order to reduce the prison population was entered on January 12, 2010, which California claims is unconstitutional in its appeal before the Supreme Court.

California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation
The California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (CDCR) is the penal law enforcement agency of the government of California responsible for the operation of the California state prison and parole systems. Its headquarters are in Sacramento.
Swan Range
The Swan Range is a mountain range in western Montana in the United States.  Its peaks typically rise to around 8,000 to 9,000 feet (2,400 to 2,700 m). The range is bounded by the South Fork Flathead River to the east, the Flathead River to the north and northwest, the Swan River to the west, and lie to the southwest of Glacier National Park, just south of the Canada–US border. It runs about 99 miles (159 km) from north-northwest to south-southeast. Major cities near the Swan Range include Kalispell and Bigfork to the northwest, and Seeley Lake on the south.

Hungry Horse Dam
Hungry Horse Dam is an arch dam in the Western United States, on the South Fork Flathead River in the Rocky Mountains of northwest Montana. It is located in Flathead National Forest in Flathead County, about fifteen miles (24 km) south of the west entrance to Glacier National Park, nine miles (14 km) southeast of Columbia Falls, and twenty miles (32 km) northeast of Kalispell. The Hungry Horse project, dam, and powerplant are operated by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. The entrance road leading to the dam is located in Hungry Horse.

The purposes of the Hungry Horse Project authorized by law are irrigation, flood control, navigation, streamflow regulation, hydroelectric generation, and other beneficial uses such as recreation. However, no irrigation facilities were built and the project has no irrigation obligations. Hydroelectric power generation and flood control are the primary purposes of the dam. The dam, reservoir, and surrounding area are used for recreation.
Japanese cruiser Abukuma
Abukuma (阿武隈) was the sixth and last of the Nagara class of light cruisers completed for the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN), and like other vessels of her class, she was intended for use as the flagship of a destroyer flotilla. She was named after the Abukuma River in the Tōhoku region of Japan. She saw action during World War II in the Attack on Pearl Harbor and in the Pacific, before being disabled in the Battle of Surigao Strait in October 1944, then bombed and sunk by the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) off the coast of the Philippines.

Type 93 torpedo
The Type 93 (酸素魚雷; designated for Imperial Japanese calendar year 2593) was a 610 mm (24 in)-diameter torpedo of the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN), launched from surface ships. It is commonly referred to as the Long Lance by most modern English-language naval historians, a nickname given to it after the war by Samuel Eliot Morison, the chief historian of the U.S. Navy, who spent much of the war in the Pacific Theater. In Japanese references, the term Sanso gyorai (酸素魚雷; lit. "oxygen torpedo") is also used, in reference to its propulsion system. It was the most advanced naval torpedo in the world at the time.
Jazz violin
Jazz violin is the use of the violin or electric violin to improvise solo lines. Early jazz violinists included: Eddie South, who played violin with Jimmy Wade's Dixielanders in Chicago; Stuff Smith; and Claude "Fiddler" Williams. Joe Venuti was popular for his work with guitarist Eddie Lang during the 1920s. Improvising violinists include Stéphane Grappelli and Jean-Luc Ponty. In jazz fusion, violinists may use an electric violin plugged into an instrument amplifier with electronic effects.

Electric violin
An electric violin is a violin equipped with an electronic output of its sound. The term most properly refers to an instrument intentionally made to be electrified with built-in pickups, usually with a solid body. It can also refer to a violin fitted with an electric pickup of some type, although "amplified violin" or "electro-acoustic violin" are more accurate then.
Cleinias of Tarentum
Cleinias of Tarentum (Ancient Greek: Κλεινίας; fl. 4th-century BCE), Magna Graecia, was a Pythagorean philosopher, and a contemporary and friend of Plato, as appears from the story (perhaps otherwise worthless) which Diogenes Laërtius gives on the authority of Aristoxenus, to the effect that Plato wished to burn all the writings of Democritus which he could collect, but was prevented by Cleinias and Amyclus of Heraclea.  In his practice, Cleinias was a true Pythagorean.  Thus, we hear that he used to assuage his anger by playing on his harp; and, when Prorus of Cyrene had lost all his fortune through a political revolution, Cleinias, who knew nothing of him except that he was a Pythagorean, took on himself the risk of a voyage to Cyrene, and supplied him with money to the full extent of his loss.

Two fragments of Pythagorean pseudepigrapha are attributed to Cleinias, one preserved by Stobaeus, the other in the Theology of Arithmetic attributed to Iamblichus.

Democritus
Democritus (/dɪˈmɒkrɪtəs/, dim-OCK-rit-əs; Greek: Δημόκριτος, Dēmókritos, meaning "chosen of the people"; c. 460 – c. 370 BC) was an Ancient Greek pre-Socratic philosopher from Abdera, primarily remembered today for his formulation of an atomic theory of the universe. Democritus wrote extensively on a wide variety of topics.

None of Democritus' original work has survived, except through second-hand references. Many of these references come from Aristotle, who viewed him as an important rival in the field of natural philosophy. He was known in antiquity as the ‘laughing philosopher’ because of his emphasis on the value of cheerfulness.
Deh Now-e Kakan
Deh Now-e Kakan (Persian: ده نوكاكان, also Romanized as Deh Now-e Kākān; also known as Deh Now and Towḩīdābād) is a village in Kakan Rural District, in the Central District of Boyer-Ahmad County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 40, in 9 families.

Kakan Rural District
Kakan Rural District (Persian: دهستان كاكان) is in the Central District of Boyer-Ahmad County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Mansurkhani. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Abbas Ali Khani.
Silver Lake, Los Angeles
Silver Lake is a residential and commercial neighborhood in the east-central region of Los Angeles, California, United States, originally home to a small community called Ivanhoe, so named in honor of the 1819 novel by Walter Scott. In 1907, the Los Angeles Water Department built the Silver Lake Reservoir, named for LA Water Commissioner Herman Silver, giving the neighborhood its name. The area is now known for its architecturally significant homes, independently owned businesses, diverse restaurants, painted staircases, and creative environment.

Cruising for sex
Cruising for sex or cruising is walking or driving about a locality, called a cruising ground, in search of a sex partner, usually of the anonymous, casual, one-time variety. The term is also used when technology is used to find casual sex, such as using an Internet site or a telephone service.
Cinema of Switzerland
The Cinema of Switzerland encompasses the film industry and cinematography of Switzerland. The film industry based in Switzerland dates to the 1930s and is influenced by the neighboring countries of France, Germany and Italy, with which it shares languages. Before the mid-1960s Swiss films were often sentimental, but the French New Wave led to more experimental cinema. As of 2024, The Swissmakers (1978) is the highest grossing Swiss film of all time.

The Solothurn Film Festival was founded in 1966 with a declaration of showing the modern reality of Swiss Life. It is the most important festival for Swiss film productions. The Locarno Festival founded in 1946 is an annual film festival held every August in Locarno, Switzerland.

Film industry
The film industry or motion picture industry comprises the technological and commercial institutions of filmmaking, i.e., film production companies, film studios, cinematography, animation, film production, screenwriting, pre-production, post-production, film festivals, distribution, and actors. Though the expense involved in making film almost immediately led film production to concentrate under the auspices of standing production companies, advances in affordable filmmaking equipment, as well as an expansion of opportunities to acquire investment capital from outside the film industry itself, have allowed independent film production to evolve.

In 2019, the global box office was worth $42.2 billion. When including box office and home entertainment revenue, the global film industry was worth $136 billion in 2018. Hollywood is the world's oldest national film industry, and largest in terms of box-office gross revenue.
1992 LPGA Championship
The 1992 LPGA Championship was the 38th LPGA Championship, played May 14–17 at Bethesda Country Club in Bethesda, Maryland, a suburb northwest of Washington, D.C.

Betsy King won the fifth of her six major titles, eleven strokes ahead of runners-up JoAnne Carner, Liselotte Neumann, and Karen Noble. She led by five strokes after 54 holes, and her victory margin was the largest to date, passing Patty Sheehan's ten-stroke win in 1984, and it stood until 2010. King was the first to card all four rounds in the sixties in an LPGA major; it was her only win at the LPGA Championship.

This was the third of four consecutive LPGA Championships at Bethesda Country Club.

2010 LPGA Championship
The 2010 LPGA Championship was the 56th LPGA Championship, held June 24–27 at Locust Hill Country Club in Pittsford, New York, a suburb southeast of Rochester. Known for sponsorship reasons as the LPGA Championship presented by Wegmans, it was the second of four major championships on the LPGA Tour during the 2010 season.

The champion was Cristie Kerr, age 32, with a 269 (−19) to win by twelve strokes over Song-Hee Kim. It was Kerr's second major championship and fourteenth career win on the LPGA Tour, and vaulted her from fifth to first in the world rankings.

This was the first of four consecutive years the LPGA Championship was played at Locust Hill;  the previous five editions were played at Bulle Rock Golf Course in Havre de Grace, Maryland. The LPGA had an annual tour event at Locust Hill since 1979; first known as The Sarah Coventry, it became the Wegmans LPGA in 1998 and was played through 2009.
Postal codes in Mauritius
Post codes in Mauritius consist of five digits (or a letter and four digits for an island). They were first introduced by Mauritius Post on a pilot basis, from January to March 2012, in Lallmatie, Bon Accueil and Brisée Verdière before being introduced in other localities across the island before the system went nationwide on 15 August 2014.

Postal code
A postal code (also known locally in various English-speaking countries throughout the world as a postcode, post code, PIN or ZIP Code) is a series of letters or digits or both, sometimes including spaces or punctuation, included in a postal address for the purpose of sorting mail.

As of August 2021, the Universal Postal Union lists 160 countries which require the use of a postal code.

Although postal codes are usually assigned to geographical areas, special codes are sometimes assigned to individual addresses or to institutions that receive large volumes of mail, such as government agencies and large commercial companies. One example is the French CEDEX system.
Font catalog
A font catalog or font catalogue, also called a type specimen book, is a collection of specimen of typefaces offering sample use of the fonts for the included typefaces, originally in the form of a printed book. The definition has also been applied to websites offering a specimen collection similar to what a printed catalog provides.

In printed form, they were typically created for  type foundries and others who sold type to show what typefaces were available for sale to printers.  Printers also made font catalogs to demonstrate the fonts they had on hand for printing projects. In all forms, font catalogs aid typesetters and graphic designers in choosing appropriate typefaces or narrowing down candidates for the typesetting or design process.

Font
In metal typesetting, a font is a particular size, weight, and style of a typeface, defined as the set of fonts that share an overall design.
For instance, the typeface Bauer Bodoni (shown in the figure) includes fonts "Roman" (or "regular"), "bold" and "italic"; each of these exists in a variety of sizes.  In traditional printing, fonts were physically created using metal or wood type, with a font for each size.

In the digital description of fonts (computer fonts), the terms font and typeface are often used interchangeably. For example, when used in computers, each style is stored in a separate digital font file. Most are scalable fonts, so all sizes of a style are encompassed in one font.

In both traditional typesetting and digital design, the term font refers to a specific style or version of a typeface.
Hreðavatn
Hreðavatn (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈr̥ɛːðaˌvahtn̥] ⓘ) is a lake in the west of Iceland. It is situated near Route 1 (the Ring Road) between Borgarnes and the pass of Holtavörtuheiði. Nearby is the university faculty of the Bifröst University and the Grábrók craters as well as the mountain Baula.

The surface of the lake is 1.14 km2, it lies 56 m above sea level, its length is about 5 km and its greatest depth 20 m.  It is embedded in a scenic landscape of heath and small forest plantations.

Baula
Baula (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈpœyːla] ⓘ) is a mountain situated in the west of Iceland near Route 1, Bifröst University, and the craters of Grábrók. The mountain's reddish or orange hue is caused by its rhyolite rock composition.

Geologically, the mountain is a laccolith, a type of igneous intrusion. It was formed 3.4 million years ago.

Baula is characterized by its almost perfect cone. Nearby is Baula's “little sister,” a mountain called Litla-Baula, where rare columns of rhyolite are found. Together, Baula and Litla-Baula have often been described as Iceland's most beautiful pair of mountains.
Bacterial outer membrane
The bacterial outer membrane is found in gram-negative bacteria. Gram-negative bacteria form two lipid bilayers in their cell envelopes - an inner membrane (IM) that encapsulates the cytoplasm, and an outer membrane (OM) that encapsulates the periplasm.

The composition of the outer membrane is distinct from that of the inner cytoplasmic cell membrane - among other things, the outer leaflet of the outer membrane of many gram-negative bacteria includes a complex lipopolysaccharide whose lipid portion acts as an endotoxin - and in some bacteria such as E. coli it is linked to the cell's peptidoglycan by Braun's lipoprotein.

Porins can be found in this layer.

Host–pathogen interaction
The host-pathogen interaction is defined as how microbes or viruses sustain themselves within host organisms on a molecular, cellular, organismal or population level. This term is most commonly used to refer to disease-causing microorganisms although they may not cause illness in all hosts. Because of this, the definition has been expanded to how known pathogens survive within their host, whether they cause disease or not.

On the molecular and cellular level, microbes can infect the host and divide rapidly, causing disease by being there and causing a homeostatic imbalance in the body, or by secreting toxins which cause symptoms to appear. Viruses can also infect the host with virulent DNA, which can affect normal cell processes (transcription, translation, etc.), protein folding, or evading the immune response.
Raorchestes manipurensis
Raorchestes manipurensis or Leimatak's bush frog is a species of frog of the genus Raorchestes found around the Tumzane river near Leimatak, Churachandpur district in the state of Manipur in India. This frog has been observed between 636 and 685 meters above sea level.

Scientists found this frog in the dry place where a river had been. It was near bamboo. The frogs hid under small rocks and dry leaves. Scientists think this frog hatches out of its egg as a small frog, like other frogs in Raorchestes. The species was discovered in 2008 and is named after "Leimatek" in Manipur, its type locality.

Raorchestes
Raorchestes is a genus of frogs in the subfamily Rhacophorinae that are found in mountainous regions of South Asia, Southeast Asia, and southern China. A recent study places Raorchestes as a sister taxon of Pseudophilautus. Before the description of the genus in 2010, species now in Raorchestes had been assigned to genera Ixalus (no longer recognized), Philautus, and Pseudophilautus.

The genus is named in honour of C. R. Narayan Rao in recognition of his contribution to Indian batrachology. The other root orchestes is based on an older genus name for frogs of the Philautus group, Orchestes Tschudi 1838. Extensive exploration in the range of the genus in the Western Ghats of India suggests an under-estimation of the number of species in the genus. A study of the diverse species of the genus show that the separate isolated massifs of the Western Ghats played a major role in the speciation and habitat specificity seen in the genus of bush frogs.
Pınarcık, Ömerli
Pınarcık (Kurdish: Xerzikê Erebo) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Ömerli, Mardin Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Omerkan tribe and had a population of 55 in 2021.

Ömerli, Mardin
Ömerli (Arabic: معسرتي; Kurdish: Masertê; Syriac: ܡܥܨܪܬܗ, romanized: Maʿsarteh) is a municipality and district of Mardin Province, Turkey. Its area is 458 km2, and its population is 13,740 (2022). The town is mostly populated by Kurds of the Bilikan tribe and Mhallamis. Other groups in the town include Kurds from other tribes, Arabs, few Syriacs and Georgians, and civil servants of Turkish roots. It is located in the historic region of Tur Abdin.
2014 FedEx Cup Playoffs
The 2014 FedEx Cup Playoffs was the series of four golf tournaments that determined the season champion on the U.S.-based PGA Tour. It was played from August 21 to September 14 and comprised the following four events:

The Barclays – Ridgewood Country Club, Paramus, New Jersey

Deutsche Bank Championship – TPC Boston, Norton, Massachusetts

BMW Championship – Cherry Hills Country Club, Englewood, Colorado

Tour Championship – East Lake Golf Club, Atlanta, Georgia

These were the eighth FedEx Cup playoffs since their inception in 2007.

The point distributions can be seen here.

BMW Championship (PGA Tour)
The BMW Championship is a professional golf tournament which is the penultimate FedEx Cup playoff event on the PGA Tour schedule. Introduced in 2007, the BMW Championship was previously known as the Western Open.  The Western Golf Association, which founded and ran the Western Open, runs the BMW Championship. In 2012, 2013, and 2014, the PGA Tour named the BMW Championship its Tournament of the Year. The BMW Championship is the longest running regular PGA Tour event on the calendar outside of the four major tournaments.
Fred Ottman
Fred Alex Ottman (born August 10, 1956) is an American retired professional wrestler. He worked for the World Wrestling Federation (later WWE) from 1989 to 1993 under the ring names Tugboat and Typhoon. As the former, he played a key babyface ally of Hulk Hogan. As the latter, he turned heel to form The Natural Disasters with Earthquake and held the WWF Tag Team Championship.

In 1993, Ottman debuted as The Shockmaster in World Championship Wrestling and immediately fell over, losing his mask on live television while his teammates broke character and laughed. This botch hurt his career, and is now generally regarded as the worst debut in wrestling history, but he was able to capitalize on its notoriety after his in-ring retirement.

On April 19, 2025, Ottman, as Typhoon, was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame Class of 2025 alongside Earthquake as The Natural Disasters.

NWA Florida Heavyweight Championship
The NWA Florida Heavyweight Championship was a major title in Championship Wrestling from Florida and is now the major title in NWA Florida Wrestling Alliance. It started in 1937 and was abandoned in 1949. It was picked back up in 1966 by CWF and lasted until 1987 when the company was purchased by Jim Crockett Promotions. In 1988, the newly created Florida Championship Wrestling (FCW), soon renamed Pro Wrestling Federation (PWF), picked it back up in 1988 and it continued its lineage through NWA Florida, until they ceased operations in 2006. In 2009, Pro Wrestling Fusion revived the title until they left the NWA in 2011.  For several months in 2012, a new Championship Wrestling from Florida affiliated with the NWA, briefly reviving the title until NWA Florida Underground Wrestling took over the championship.