hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Plan for Greater Baghdad
The Plan for Greater Baghdad was a project done by American architect Frank Lloyd Wright for a cultural center, opera house, and university on the outskirts of Baghdad, Iraq, in 1957–58. The most thoroughly developed aspects of the plan were the opera house, which would have been built on an island in the middle of the Tigris together with museums and a towering gilded statue of Harun al-Rashid, and the university. Due to the 1958 collapse of the Hashemite monarchy, development of the project stopped, and it was never built.

Wright was among the many elite Western architects invited to Iraq as part of a campaign to modernize the capital city. Wright distinguished himself from this group by developing a plan making specific reference to Iraqi history and culture. For Wright, the plan was one of a handful of grandiose, outsize designs produced in the later part of his career.

University of Baghdad
The University of Baghdad (UOB) (Arabic: جامعة بغداد), is a public research university in Baghdad, Iraq. It is the largest university in Iraq and the tenth largest in the Arab world. Established in 1957, it was the second largest university in the Arab world, after the University of Cairo. The university has four campuses across the city, located in Al-Jadriyah, Bab al-Muadhdham, Nahda Road and Wazeriya neighborhoods.

The first constituent was opened in 1908, followed by further institutions. Baghdad University provides academic programs in variety of fields such as engineering, medical sciences, liberal arts and religious education. The university maintains four campuses across the city, located in Al-Jadriyah, Bab al-Muadhdham, Wazeriya and Nahda Road.
Alfred Toepfer
Alfred Carl Toepfer (13 July 1894 in Hamburg – 8 October 1993 in Hamburg) was a German entrepreneur, owner of the company Toepfer International and founder of the Alfred Toepfer Foundation. He helped to shape the original internal markets of the European Coal and Steel Community, and was a philanthropist known for his celebration of the arts, sciences, and nature.

Werner Lorenz
Werner Lorenz (2 October 1891 – 13 March 1974) was an SS functionary during the Nazi era. He was head of the Volksdeutsche Mittelstelle (VOMI) (Main Office for Ethnic Germans), an organization charged with resettling ethnic Germans in the "German Reich" from other parts of Europe, as well as colonising the occupied lands during World War II. After the war, Lorenz was sentenced to prison for crimes against humanity in 1948. He was released in 1954 and died in 1974.
David Chan
David Chan is an American violinist, conductor, and a concertmaster of the Metropolitan Opera Orchestra. He is one of the most sought-after violinists of his generation. He is a prizewinner at the International Tchaikovsky Competition, the International Violin Competition of Indianapolis, among many others. As a conductor, Chan is praised for his deep understanding of the music and interpretive depth.

It was announced in April 2025 that Chan will be leaving the Met to become professor of violin at Rice University.

Concertmaster
The concertmaster (from the German Konzertmeister), first chair (US) or leader (UK) is the principal first violin player in an orchestra, or the principal clarinetist or oboist in a concert band. After the conductor, the concertmaster is the most significant leader in an orchestra, symphonic band or other musical ensemble.
Nové Hutě
Nové Hutě (German: Kaltenbach) is a municipality and village in Prachatice District in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 100 inhabitants.

Nové Hutě lies approximately 27 kilometres (17 mi) west of Prachatice, 62 km (39 mi) west of České Budějovice, and 130 km (81 mi) south-west of Prague.

Prachatice
Prachatice (Czech pronunciation: [ˈpraxacɪtsɛ] ⓘ; German: Prachatitz) is a town in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 11,000 inhabitants. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument reservation.
Chaetodon mertensii
Chaetodon mertensii, the atoll butterflyfish, yellowback butterflyfish or Merten's butterflyfish,  is a species of marine ray finned fish, a butterflyfish belonging to the family Chaetodontidae. It is found in the western Pacific Ocean.

Bluestripe butterflyfish
The bluestripe butterflyfish or blue-striped butterflyfish (Chaetodon fremblii) is a species of butterflyfish (family Chaetodontidae) found in the waters surrounding the Hawaiian Islands. The fish is endemic to Hawaii where it is common on shallow water reefs.
Elke Schall
Elke Schall,(born 19 July 1973 in Speyer) is a professional table tennis player from Germany. She has an offensive, looping style.

She competed at five consecutive Olympics from 1992 to 2008. Her doubles partner at the first four Olympics was Nicole Struse, with whom she won the European Championships in 1996 and 1998. She was part of the German team that came third in 1997 and sixth in 2004 at the World Championships and three podium finishes at the European Championships in 2000, 2002, and 2007.

She won the German Mixed Doubles championship six times and was Germany Player of the Year in 2003. At the 2009 World Championships, she and Christian Suss reached the quarter-finals but were then beaten by the eventual silver medalists.

From 2001 to 2008 she was married to fellow Germany professional table tennis player Torben Wosik, whom she met in 1991.

She has three brothers and sisters. Her brother Martin is a retired professional basketball player.

Her home club is TV Busenbach.

Torben Wosik
Torben Wosik is a male former international table tennis player from Germany.

He won a silver medal at the 2004 World Team Table Tennis Championships in the Swaythling Cup (men's team event) with Timo Boll, Zoltan Fejer-Konnerth, Jörg Roßkopf, and Christian Süß for Germany.

He also won four European Table Tennis Championships medals from 2000 until 2003.
Future Champions Sports Complex
Future Champions Sports Complex, formerly known as Lenz Field, is a multi-field baseball and softball complex in Jacksonville, Illinois.

The complex is privately owned by area residents Adam and Kristin Jamison, along with several partners. In a typical tournament season, the complex hosts approximately thirty events, in addition to several standalone college and area high school baseball and softball games. Its estimated yearly impact on the local economy is approximately $3M, according to Jacksonville's mayor, Andy Ezard.

Jacksonville, Illinois
Jacksonville is a city and the county seat of Morgan County, Illinois, United States. The population was 17,616 at the 2020 census, down from 19,446 in 2010. It is home to Illinois College, Illinois School for the Deaf, and the Illinois School for the Visually Impaired, and was formerly home to MacMurray College. Jacksonville is the principal city of the Jacksonville Micropolitan Statistical Area, which includes all of Morgan and Scott counties.
Samdrup Pohang
Samdrup Pohang or Samdrup Podrang, Samdrup Phodrang (Tibetan: Samdrup Podrang, Wylie: bsam grub pho brang, ZYPY: བསམ་གྲུབ་ཕོ་བྲང་།, Chinese: 桑珠颇章), located at the entry of the Jidu Lane, South Street, Barkhor, Chengguan District, Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, is an ancient architectural compound, which is now a private residence.

Lhasa
Lhasa, officially the Chengguan District of Lhasa City, is the inner urban district of Lhasa City, Tibet Autonomous Region, Southwestern China.

Lhasa is the second most populous urban area on the Tibetan Plateau after Xining and, at an altitude of 3,656 metres (11,990 ft), Lhasa is one of the highest cities in the world. The city has been the religious and administrative capital of Tibet since the mid-17th century. It contains many culturally significant Tibetan Buddhist sites such as the Potala Palace, Jokhang Temple and Norbulingka Palaces. According to the census, the total resident population of the city by the end of 2024 will be 876,400.
Juan José Chang
Juan José Chang Urrea (born 17 November 1987) is a football manager who manages the Samoa women's national football team. Born in Germany, he was a Guatemala youth international, and in 2024 he became the first ever head coach to lead Samoa — men or women — to a FIFA World Cup.

Women's South Island League
The Women's South Island League is an amateur status league competition run by Southern Football and Mainland Football for Association football clubs located in the South Island of New Zealand. It is at the second level of New Zealand Football behind the national association based New Zealand Women's National League, and the highest level of club based football available to teams within the region.

In March 2023, New Zealand Football announced a change to the Women's National League to move to a fully club-based model, the same as the three regional leagues of the men's competition, when club capability allows.
Targeted for 2026, South Island clubs will be competing in the Women's National League. To support this, Mainland and Southern federations will jointly deliver a South Island league, and it will act as a pilot for future incorporation into the league, as the Southern League does for the men's competition.
NGC 3059
NGC 3059 is a barred spiral galaxy. It is located in the constellation of Carina. The galaxy can be described as being faint, large, and irregularly round. It was discovered on February 22, 1835, by John Herschel. The galaxy has been calculated to be 45 - 50 million lightyears from Earth.

Carina (constellation)
Carina (/kəˈraɪnə, kəˈriːnə/ kə-RY-nə, -⁠REE-) is a constellation in the southern sky. Its name is Latin for the keel of a ship, and it was the southern foundation of the larger constellation of Argo Navis (the ship Argo) until it was divided into three pieces, the other two being Puppis (the poop deck), and Vela (the sails of the ship).
Landmark Trust Lundy Island Philatelic Archive
The Landmark Trust Lundy Island Philatelic Archive was donated to the British Library by the Landmark Trust in 1991 and consists of artwork, essays, proofs and issued stamps of Lundy from 1969. The collection includes 48 handstamp postmark devices dating from 1929, when the postal service was introduced on Lundy Island and forms part of the British Library Philatelic Collections.

British Library Philatelic Collections
The British Library Philatelic Collections is the national philatelic collection of the United Kingdom with over 8 million items from around the world. It was established in 1891 as part of the British Museum Library, later to become the British Library, with the collection of Thomas Tapling. In addition to bequests and continuing donations, the library received consistent deposits by the Crown Agency and has become a primary research collection for British Empire and international history. The collections contain a wide range of artefacts in addition to postage stamps, from newspaper stamps to a press used to print the first British postage stamps.
Sadat Gerdeli Lash
Sadat Gerdeli Lash (Persian: سادات گردلي لاش, also Romanized as Sādāt Gerdelī Lāsh) is a village in Tayebi-ye Sarhadi-ye Sharqi Rural District, Charusa District, Kohgiluyeh County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 28, in 6 families.

Tayebi-ye Sarhadi-ye Sharqi Rural District
Tayebi-ye Sarhadi-ye Sharqi Rural District (Persian: دهستان طيبي سرحدئ شرقي) is in Charusa District of Kohgiluyeh County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Javardeh.
Kentra
Kentra is a hamlet overlooking the east coast of Kentra Bay, on the north east end of the Ardnamurchan peninsula near Acharacle, Scottish Highlands. It is in the Scottish council area of Highland.

The small hamlet of Ardtoe is located 1 mile northwest along the B8044 road and is accessible from the A861 road from the east at Acharacle.

Ardnamurchan
Ardnamurchan (/ˌɑːrdnəˈmɜːrxən/, Scottish Gaelic: Àird nam Murchan [aːrˠʃtʲ nə ˈmuɾuxan]) is a 50-square-mile (130-square-kilometre) peninsula in the ward management area of Lochaber, Highland, Scotland, noted for its remoteness and rural nature. Its remoteness is accentuated by the main access route being a single track road for much of its length. The most westerly point of mainland Great Britain, Corrachadh Mòr, is in Ardnamurchan.

The area was historically ruled by the Clan MacDonald of Ardnamurchan from the 1300s until 1618.

From 1930 to 1975 Ardnamurchan also gave its name to a landward district of Argyll, which covered a much wider area, including the districts of Morvern, Sunart and Ardgour.
1996 GM Goodwrench Dealer 400
The 1996 GM Goodwrench Dealer 400 was the 21st stock car race of the 1996 NASCAR Winston Cup Series and the 27th iteration of the event. The race was held on Sunday, August 18, 1996, in Brooklyn, Michigan, at Michigan International Speedway, a two-mile (3.2 km) moderate-banked D-shaped speedway. The race took the scheduled 200 laps to complete. In the final laps of the race, Robert Yates Racing driver Dale Jarrett would engage in a battle with Roush Racing driver Mark Martin, eventually passing Martin with seven laps to go and holding Martin off to come victorious in the race. The race was Jarrett's eighth career NASCAR Winston Cup Series victory and his fourth and final victory of the season. To fill out the podium, the aforementioned Mark Martin and Hendrick Motorsports driver Terry Labonte would finish second and third, respectively.

1996 NASCAR Winston Cup Series
The 1996 NASCAR Winston Cup Series was the 48th season of professional stock car racing in the United States and the 25th modern-era NASCAR Cup series. The season had been started on February 18 at Daytona International Speedway, and ended on November 10 at Atlanta Motor Speedway. The season would be remembered for Terry Labonte pulling off a massive upset and winning his second Winston Cup Championship over teammate Jeff Gordon.

Pontiac’s struggles in 1995 carried over to 1996, scoring just one win in the Dura Lube 500 with Bobby Hamilton. Hamilton was also the only Pontiac driver to finish in the top ten in points standings, placing ninth.
Soghomon Tehlirian
Soghomon Tehlirian (Armenian: Սողոմոն Թեհլիրեան; April 2, 1896 – May 23, 1960) was an Armenian revolutionary and soldier who killed Talaat Pasha, the former Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire, in Berlin on March 15, 1921. He was entrusted to carry out the assassination after having earlier killed Harutian Mgrditichian, who had worked for the Ottoman secret police and helped compile the list of Armenian intellectuals who were deported on April 24, 1915.

Talaat's killing was a part of Operation Nemesis, a revenge plan by the Armenian Revolutionary Federation against members of the Ottoman Imperial Government responsible for the Armenian genocide during World War I. Talaat Pasha had been convicted and sentenced to death in absentia in the Turkish courts-martial of 1919–20, and was viewed as the main orchestrator of the genocide. After a two-day trial Tehlirian was found not guilty by a German court, and freed.

Tehlirian is considered a national hero by Armenians.

Erzincan
Erzincan (pronounced [æɾˈzindʒan]; Kurdish: Erzîngan), historically Yerznka (Armenian: Երզնկա), is the capital of Erzincan Province in eastern Turkey. Nearby cities include Erzurum, Sivas, Tunceli, Bingöl, Elazığ, Malatya, Gümüşhane, Bayburt, and Giresun. The city is majority Turkish Sunni with significant Kurdish and Alevi minorities.

The city had a population of 150,714 in 2022, an increase from 86,779 in 2007.
The Complete Beat
The Complete Beat is a 5-CD box set by British ska/new wave band The Beat (known as The English Beat in the US) released on 10 July 2012 only in the US and Canada. The box set contains The Beat's three studio albums remastered and two CDs of bonus content: the first contains extended and dub versions, and the second contains all the tracks from their three Peel Sessions and several tracks live from the Boston Opera House.

The studio albums are the US release versions, as "Tears of a Clown", "Ranking Full Stop", "Too Nice to Talk To" and "Hit It" weren't included on the original UK releases of their respective albums. Also, both Wha'ppen and Special Beat Service CDs include bonus tracks.

On the same day of release, Shout! Factory also released the single-CD compilation album Keep The Beat: The Very Best of The English Beat and a live album, Live at the US Festival, '82 & '83.

Special Beat Service
Special Beat Service is the third studio album by the English ska band the Beat, released on 1 October 1982 by Go-Feet Records. Like the rest of their material, it was released in the US under the name "the English Beat". It peaked at No. 39 on the Billboard 200 album chart in 1983 on the strength of two singles, "I Confess" and "Save It for Later," the music videos for which received modest airplay on the fledgling MTV video network.
Compensatory lengthening
Compensatory lengthening in phonology and historical linguistics is the lengthening of a vowel sound that happens upon the loss of a following consonant, usually in the syllable coda, or of a vowel in an adjacent syllable. Lengthening triggered by consonant loss may be considered an extreme form of fusion (Crowley 1997:46). Both types may arise from speakers' attempts to preserve a word's moraic count.

Historical linguistics
Historical linguistics, also known as diachronic linguistics, is the scientific study of how languages change over time. It seeks to understand the nature and causes of linguistic change and to trace the evolution of languages. Historical linguistics involves several key areas of study, including the reconstruction of ancestral languages, the classification of languages into families, (comparative linguistics) and the analysis of the cultural and social influences on language development.

This field is grounded in the uniformitarian principle, which posits that the processes of language change observed today were also at work in the past, unless there is clear evidence to suggest otherwise. Historical linguists aim to describe and explain changes in individual languages, explore the history of speech communities, and study the origins and meanings of words (etymology).
Chichibu Railway 300 series
The Chichibu Railway 300 series (秩父鉄道300系) was an electric multiple unit (EMU) train type for Chichibu-ji express services on the Chichibu Main Line operated by the private railway operator Chichibu Railway in Japan.

Chichibu Railway
The Chichibu Railway Company, Ltd. (秩父鉄道株式会社, Chichibu Tetsudō Kabushiki-gaisha) is a small-sector private railway company operating a railway line in northern Saitama Prefecture, Japan. In addition to its railway operations, the company deals in the real estate and tourism industries. It managed the Mitsumine Ropeway (三峰ロープウェイ) until it closed in December 2007 and the Mikajiri Line until its closure in 2020.
Taiheiyo Cement is its largest shareholder, and one of Chichibu Railway's main operations is the transportation of limestone from Mount Bukō. The railway's passenger services concentrate on the tourism industry, as there are popular destinations along the line. A train hauled by a steam locomotive also operates regularly during some seasons, attracting tourists from around the country.
CSO Amnéville
Club Sportif Orne 1919 Amnéville-les-Thermes is a French association football team founded in 1919. They are based in Amnéville, France and are playing in the sixth tier in the French football league system. They play at the Stade André Valentin in Amnéville.

In the summer of 2017 the club had a controversial dispute with the French Football Federation after being denied promotion for financial reasons. They were eventually admitted to the Championnat National 3 a month into the season, having already played games in the regional league.

Amnéville
Amnéville (French pronunciation: [amnevil]; German: Amenweiler, 1940–45: Stahlheim) is a commune in the Moselle department in Grand Est in northeastern France. The town is an important tourist and thermal spa centre in France.
Al-Malihah Subdistrict
Malihah Subdistrict (Arabic: ناحية المليحة, romanized: Nāḥiyah al-Mulayḥa)  is a subdistrict of Markaz Rif Dimashq District in the Rif Dimashq Governorate of Syria. The administrative centre is the town of al-Malihah. Neighbouring subdistricts are Kafr Batna to the north, Jaramana and Babbila to the west, Nashabieh and al-Ghizlaniyah to the east.

At the 2004 census, the subdistrict had a population of 56,652.

The subdistrict, much like the rest of Eastern Ghouta was under rebel control, however was retaken by government forces in 2015 after the Battle of Al-Malihah.

Markaz Rif Dimashq District
Markaz Rif Dimashq District (Arabic: منطقة مركز ريف دمشق, romanized: manṭiqat Markaz Rif Dimašq) or Damascus Central Countryside District is a district of the Rif Dimashq Governorate in southern Syria.
Chinese musicology
Chinese musicology is the academic study of traditional Chinese music. This discipline has a very long history. Traditional Chinese music can be traced back to around 8,000 years ago during the Neolithic age. The concept of music, called yue (simplified Chinese: 乐; traditional Chinese: 樂; pinyin: yuè), stands among the oldest categories of Chinese thought; however, in historical sources, it does not receive clear definition until the writing of the Classic of Music (lost during the Han dynasty). Different musical traditions have influenced it throughout its history, dating back to the Xia and Shang dynasties.

Shanghai Conservatory of Music
The Shanghai Conservatory of Music (SHCMusic) is a municipal public college in Shanghai, China. It is affiliated with the City of Shanghai and is part of the Double First-Class Construction. The college was founded on November 27, 1927.
City ham
City ham is a term used in some parts of the United States for any lightly cured and/or smoked ham which must be refrigerated to preserve it. It is generally "wet cured", that is injected with or soaked in a brine solution containing high concentrations of salts (including sodium chloride, sodium nitrate, and sodium nitrite). This is distinguished from country hams which are dry cured by being packed in crystalline curing salts and stored at room temperature. In parts of the U.S. where country ham is not consumed, city hams are often the only available hams and are just called ham.

City hams may be sold pre-cooked and "ready-to-eat", or simply cured and smoked, which must then be cooked before consuming. Many types of city ham are sliced as cold cuts in delicatessens and served as part of a ham bandwich.

Ham
Ham is pork from a leg cut that has been preserved by wet or dry curing, with or without smoking. As a processed meat, the term ham includes both whole cuts of meat and ones that have been mechanically formed.

Ham is made around the world, including a number of regional specialties. In addition, numerous ham products have specific geographical naming protection.
Italy–San Marino relations
Italy and San Marino have had diplomatic relations since Italian unification. Bilateral relations between Italy and San Marino have gone through various phases and have their official beginning after the Unification of Italy proclaimed in the Subalpine Parliament by Vittorio Emanuele II on 17 March 1861.

Serravalle, San Marino
Serravalle (Romagnol: Saravâl) is one of the nine castelli of San Marino. It has a population of 11,226 inhabitants (of whom 2,000 are of foreign origin) and an area of 10.53 km2 (4 sq. mi.). It is both the most populated and densely populated municipality in San Marino, and contains its largest settlement (Dogana). Serravalle is located on the edge of the Apennine Mountains.