hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fundic gland polyp
A fundic gland polyp is a type of polyp, found in the fundus of the stomach. Fundic gland polyps are found in 0.8 to 1.9% of patients who undergo esophagogastroduodenoscopy, and are more common in middle-aged women.

The risk of malignancy is very low or none, when sporadic.

Fundic gland polyposis is a medical syndrome with multiple fundic gland polyps. The condition has been described both in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and attenuated variants (AFAP), and in patients in whom it occurs sporadically.

The glands are lined by chief cells and parietal cells, and possibly also mucinous foveolar cells.

Fundic gland polyp with dysplasia (center), compared to normal mucosa (at right).

Polyp (medicine)
A polyp is an abnormal growth of tissue projecting from a mucous membrane. Polyps are commonly found in the colon, stomach, nose, ear, sinus(es), urinary bladder, and uterus. They may also occur elsewhere in the body where there are mucous membranes, including the cervix, vocal folds, and small intestine.

If it is attached by a narrow elongated stalk, it is said to be pedunculated; if it is attached without a stalk, it is said to be sessile.

Some polyps are tumors (neoplasms) and others are non-neoplastic, for example hyperplastic or dysplastic, which are benign. The neoplastic ones are usually benign, although some can be pre-malignant, or concurrent with a malignancy.
Andrea Cheng
Andrea Cheng (September 19, 1957 – December 26, 2015) was a Hungarian-American author of children's books and poet, best known for her Anna Wang Series of middle grade novels and Shanghai Messenger. She has written over 25 books, spanning genres like Picture books, young adult, Chapter books, non-fiction, and poetry.

Chapter book
A chapter book is a story book intended for intermediate readers, generally age 7–10.  Unlike picture books for beginning readers, a chapter book tells the story primarily through prose rather than pictures.  Unlike books for advanced readers, chapter books contain plentiful illustrations.  The name refers to the fact that the stories are usually divided into short chapters, which provide readers with opportunities to stop and resume reading if their attention spans are not long enough to finish the book in one sitting.  Chapter books are usually works of fiction of moderate length and complexity.
Roman Kotliński
Roman Kotliński (born 15 March 1967) is a Polish politician, publisher, writer and journalist. He was a Roman Catholic priest for three years. He published a trilogy Byłem księdzem (I was a priest) and in March 2000 he began publishing the newspaper "Fakty i Mity", left-wing and anticlerical oriented weekly magazine. He was member of Democratic Left Alliance for several years, then become co-founder of Reason Party. In the October 2011 parliamentary elections, he was elected to the Sejm as a candidate of the Palikot's Movement receiving 17,720 votes in Łódź district.

Kotliński believes that Grzegorz Piotrowski abducted Jerzy Popiełuszko but did not kill him. "Fakty i Mity" cooperated with Grzegorz Piotrowski.

Jerzy Popiełuszko
Jerzy Aleksander Popiełuszko (Polish pronunciation: [ˈjɛʐɨ a.lɛkˈsan.dɛr popʲɛˈwuʂkɔ] born Alfons Popiełuszko; 14 September 1947 – 19 October 1984) was a Polish Roman Catholic priest who became associated with the opposition Solidarity trade union in communist Poland. He was murdered in 1984 by three agents of the Security Service, who were shortly thereafter tried and convicted of the murder.

Father Jerzy has been recognized as a martyr by the Roman Catholic Church and was beatified on 6 June 2010 by Cardinal Angelo Amato on behalf of Pope Benedict XVI. An alleged miracle attributed to his intercession, which could lead to his canonization, is now under investigation.
Megalobulimus grandis
Megalobulimus grandis, also known as the Brazilian land snail, is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial gastropod mollusk in the family Strophocheilidae. This species is endemic to Brazil.

Strophocheilidae
Strophocheilidae is a taxonomic family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Acavoidea (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).
Polyanhydride
Polyanhydrides are a class of biodegradable polymers characterized by anhydride bonds that connect repeat units of the polymer backbone chain. Their main application is in the medical device and pharmaceutical industry. In vivo, polyanhydrides degrade into non-toxic diacid monomers that can be metabolized and eliminated from the body.  Owing to their safe degradation products, polyanhydrides are considered to be biocompatible.

Aliphatic compound
In organic chemistry, hydrocarbons (compounds composed solely of carbon and hydrogen) are divided into two classes: aromatic compounds and aliphatic compounds (/ˌælɪˈfætɪk/; G. aleiphar, fat, oil). Aliphatic compounds can be saturated (in which all the C-C bonds are single, requiring the structure to be completed, or 'saturated', by hydrogen) like hexane, or unsaturated, like hexene and hexyne. Open-chain compounds, whether straight or branched, and which contain no rings of any type, are always aliphatic. Cyclic compounds can be aliphatic if they are not aromatic.
GT-20029
GT-20029, also known as AR-PROTAC, is an androgen receptor degradation enhancer which is under development for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia (male-pattern hair loss) and acne. It is used topically in gel form.

The drug acts as an androgen receptor (AR) proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC), facilitating the degradation of the AR via enhancement of ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. It has been found to block the AR-mediated miniaturization of hair follicles in preclinical research.

GT-20029 is under development by Suzhou Kintor Pharmaceuticals. As of September 2024, it is in phase 2 clinical trials and is advancing to phase 3 trials. The chemical structure of GT-20029 does not yet appear to have been disclosed.

Topical medication
A topical medication is a medication that is applied to a particular place on or in the body. Most often topical medication means application to body surfaces such as the skin or mucous membranes to treat ailments via a large range of classes including creams, foams, gels, lotions, and ointments.  Many topical medications are epicutaneous, meaning that they are applied directly to the skin. Topical medications may also be inhalational, such as asthma medications, or applied to the surface of tissues other than the skin, such as eye drops applied to the conjunctiva, or ear drops placed in the ear, or medications applied to the surface of a tooth. The word topical derives from Greek τοπικός topikos, "of a place".
2017 Thai League 4 Champions League
The champions league round was the next stage from the regional stage of 2017 Thai League 4. Winners and runners-up of each region would qualified to this round to finding 5 clubs promoting to 2018 Thai League 3.

Chiangrai City F.C.
Chiang Rai City Football Club (Thai: สโมสรฟุตบอลเชียงรายซิตี้) is a Thai professional football club based in Chiang Rai Province, a city located in the very northern part of Thailand. The club currently plays in Thai League 3 Northern Region.
Nishi-Awakura Station
Nishi-Awakura Station (西粟倉駅, Nishi-Awakura-eki) is a passenger railway station located in the village of Nishiawakura, Aida District, Okayama Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by the third-sector semi-public railway operator Chizu Express.

Aida District, Okayama
Aida (英田郡, Aida-gun) is a district located in Okayama Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the district has an estimated population of 31,845 and a density of 79.65 persons per km2. The total area is 399.83 km2.
Euonymus angulatus
Euonymus angulatus is a species of tree in the family Celastraceae. They can grow up to 5 metres (16 ft) tall and have dull purple flowers. They grow in medium elevation evergreen forests between 800 and 1,400 metres (2,600 and 4,600 ft). It is endemic to India, where it is known from Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Evergreen forest
An evergreen forest is a forest made up of evergreen trees. They occur across a wide range of climatic zones, and include trees such as conifers and holly in cold climates, eucalyptus, live oak, acacias, magnolia, and banksia in more temperate zones, and rainforest trees in tropical zones.
Papponymic
A papponymic is a personal name based on the name of one's grandfather, similar to a patronymic, a name derived from the name of one's father. Papponyms have been common in a number of societies such as Ancient Greece and Ancient Israel.

Papponymy has been frequently practiced in the Alaouite dynasty of Moroccan royalty for centuries, with sons sometimes being named after their great-grandfather, but never after their father. The last six generations of the Alaouite dynasty are:

Hassan I

Yusef

Mohammed V

Hassan II

Mohammed VI

Moulay Hassan

Yusef of Morocco
Moulay Yusef ben Hassan (Arabic: مولاي يوسف بن الحسن, romanized: Mawlāy Yūsuf ibn al-Ḥasan; c. 1881 – 17 November 1927) was the Alawi sultan of Morocco from 1912 to 1927. He was the son of Hassan I of Morocco, who was the son of Muhammad IV of Morocco.
Anthony Marra
Anthony Marra (born 1984) is an American fiction writer. Marra has won numerous awards for his short stories, as well as his first novel, A Constellation of Vital Phenomena, which was a New York Times best seller.

Granta
Granta is a literary magazine and publisher in the United Kingdom whose mission centres on its "belief in the power and urgency of the story, both in fiction and non-fiction, and the story's supreme ability to describe, illuminate and make real." In 2007, The Observer stated: "In its blend of memoirs and photojournalism, and in its championing of contemporary realist fiction, Granta has its face pressed firmly against the window, determined to witness the world."

Granta has published twenty-seven laureates of the Nobel Prize in Literature. Literature published by Granta has regularly won such prizes as the Forward Prize, T. S. Eliot Prize, Pushcart Prize and more.
2015 Ladies Neva Cup – Doubles
Nikola Fraňková and Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova were the defending champions, having won the previous event in 2008, however both players chose not to participate.

Viktorija Golubic and Aliaksandra Sasnovich won the title, defeating Stéphanie Foretz and Ana Vrljić in the final, 6–4, 7–5.

Stéphanie Foretz
Stéphanie Foretz (born 3 May 1981) is a professional tennis player from France.

Foretz won nine singles and 16 doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit. On 24 February 2003, she reached her career-high singles ranking of world No. 62. On 19 May 2008, she peaked at No. 42 in the doubles rankings.

Foretz was an accomplished junior player, having reached the final of the girls' tournament at the 1999 French Open. She also was selected to play for the Boston Lobsters in the 2009 World TeamTennis pro league.

In 2010, Foretz married Benoît Gacon and began competing under the name Stéphanie Foretz Gacon. In 2014, however, she reverted to her maiden name as Stéphanie Foretz.
Anti-Maidan (Russia)
The Anti-Maidan (Russian: Антимайдан; Antimaydan) is a Russian social movement created in 2015. It opposes the Maidan Revolution, named after the movement of the same name, which fought against Euromaidan in Ukraine.

Nikolai Starikov
Nikolai Viktorovich Starikov (Russian: Никола́й Ви́кторович Ста́риков, IPA: [nʲɪkɐˈlaj ˈvʲiktərəvʲɪtɕ ˈstarʲɪkəf]; born 23 August, 1970, Leningrad) is a Russian opinion journalist. Founder and former leader of Great Fatherland Party (Russian: Партия Великое Отечество, romanized: Partiya Velikoye Otechestvo) and its subsidiary social NGO, Union of Russian Citizens (Russian: Профсоюз Граждан России, romanized: Profsoyuz Grazhdan Rossii).

Starikov is the organizer of the "Goebbels' Award," which is awarded to "people who lie about, slander and vilify Russia," following the results of a vote among readers of his websites: nstarikov.ru and nstarikov.lj.ru.
Stanisław Zaremba (mathematician)
Stanisław Zaremba (3 October 1863 – 23 November 1942) was a Polish mathematician and engineer. His research in partial differential equations, applied mathematics and classical analysis, particularly on harmonic functions, gained him a wide recognition. He was one of the mathematicians who contributed to the success of the Polish School of Mathematics through his teaching and organizational skills as well as through his research. Apart from his research works, Zaremba wrote many university textbooks and monographs.

He was a professor of the Jagiellonian University (since 1900), member of Academy of Learning (since 1903), co-founder and president of the Polish Mathematical Society (1919), and the first editor of the Annales de la Société Polonaise de Mathématique.

He should not be confused with his son Stanisław Krystyn Zaremba, also a mathematician.

Mathematical analysis
Analysis is the branch of mathematics dealing with continuous functions, limits, and related theories, such as differentiation, integration, measure, infinite sequences, series, and analytic functions.

These theories are usually studied in the context of real and complex numbers and functions. Analysis evolved from calculus, which involves the elementary concepts and techniques of analysis.
Analysis may be distinguished from geometry; however, it can be applied to any space of mathematical objects that has a definition of nearness (a topological space) or specific distances between objects  (a metric space).
Crosstown Parkway (Port St. Lucie)
Crosstown Parkway is a 10-mile (16 km), six-lane thoroughfare running east–west in Port St. Lucie, Florida. When complete, its western terminus will be with CR 609 (Range Line Road); currently, the temporary western terminus is with Village Parkway in Tradition, approximately 2 miles west of Interstate 95 (I-95). Crosstown's eastern terminus is with US Highway 1 (US 1); however, the road continues beyond US1 as Village Green Drive. The primary intent of the construction of this road was to ease congestion on the city's only other two east–west routes through the city, Prima Vista Boulevard and the combined State Road 716 (Port St. Lucie Blvd.)/Gatlin Blvd. roadways.

Interstate 95 in Florida
Interstate 95 (I-95) is the main Interstate Highway of Florida's Atlantic Coast. It begins at a partial interchange with US Highway 1 (US 1) just south of downtown Miami and heads north through Jacksonville, and to the Georgia state line at the St. Marys River near Becker. The route also passes through the cities of Fort Lauderdale, West Palm Beach, Port St. Lucie, Titusville, and Daytona Beach.

I-95 runs for 382 miles (615 km), making Florida's portion the longest of any state the Interstate passes through. The first 12.848 miles (20.677 km), from exits 1 to 12, has an internal unsigned designation as State Road 9A (SR 9A), while the remainder of the route up to the Georgia state line is the unsigned portion of SR 9.
May Britt Hartwell
May Britt Våland; 8 Aug 1968 in Sola former Norwegian cyclist.

She competed in track cycling at the 1996 Summer Olympics and won the Norwegian National Time Trial Championships four times (1989, 1990, 1994 and 1995). Våland was married to the American cyclist Erin Hartwell.

Norwegian National Time Trial Championships
The Norwegian National Time Trial Championships are held annually. They are a cycling race which decides the Norwegian cycling champion in the time trial discipline, across several categories of rider. The event was first held in 1921 and was won by Ole Moen. At the beginning there were often back-to-back wins from many riders. Recent multiple victors have included Edvald Boasson Hagen, Thor Hushovd, Kurt Asle Arvesen and Steffen Kjærgaard. The current champions are Tobias Foss and Ane Iversen.
Nonmyelinating Schwann cell
The nonmyelinating Schwann cells are a subgroup of the Schwann cells characterized by not forming myelin.

The group of nonmyelinating Schwann cells includes the terminal Schwann cells, present at neuromuscular junctions, the Schwann cells of Remak fibers (also called Remak Schwann cells) and the Schwann cells associated to sensory structures, like tactile corpuscles and  lamellar corpuscles.

Group C nerve fiber
Group C nerve fibers are one of three classes of nerve fiber in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS). The Group C fibers are unmyelinated and have a small diameter and low conduction velocity, whereas Groups A and B are myelinated. Group C fibers include postganglionic fibers in the autonomic nervous system (ANS), and nerve fibers at the dorsal roots (IV fiber). These fibers carry sensory information.

Damage or injury to nerve fibers causes neuropathic pain. Capsaicin activates C fibre vanilloid receptors, providing the burning sensation associated with chili peppers.
Davis Islands (Tampa)
Davis Islands is a Tampa neighborhood and archipelago on two (formerly three) islands in Hillsborough County, Florida. Its proximity to Downtown Tampa and its views of the Port of Tampa have made it a popular area to live. The area's population was 5,474 at the 2010 census.

Hillsborough County, Florida
Hillsborough County is located in the west-central portion of the U.S. state of Florida. In the 2020 census, the population was 1,459,762, making it the fourth-most populous county in Florida and the most populous county outside the Miami metropolitan area. An estimate in 2021 shows the population of Hillsborough County at 1,512,070 people with a yearly growth rate of 1.34%, which itself is greater than the populations of 12 states according to their 2019 population estimates. Its county seat and largest city is Tampa. Hillsborough County is part of the Tampa–St. Petersburg–Clearwater Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Terraferma (film)
Terraferma is a 2011 Italian drama film directed by Emanuele Crialese, who co-wrote the screenplay with Vittorio Moroni. The film chronicles the intensification of the refugee crisis in Insular Italy in the beginning of the 2010's.

The film had its world premiere at the 68th Venice International Film Festival, and was selected as the Italian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 84th Academy Awards, but it did not make the final shortlist.

Insular Italy
Insular Italy (Italian: Italia insulare or just isole, lit. 'Islands') is one of the five official statistical regions of Italy used by the National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT), a first level NUTS region and a European Parliament constituency. Insular Italy encompasses two of the country's 20 regions:

Sardinia

Sicily
Bit array
A bit array (also known as bit map, bit set, bit string, or bit vector) is an array data structure that compactly stores bits. It can be used to implement a simple set data structure. A bit array is effective at exploiting bit-level parallelism in hardware to perform operations quickly. A typical bit array stores kw bits, where w is the number of bits in the unit of storage, such as a byte or word, and k is some positive integer. If w does not divide the number of bits to be stored, some space is wasted due to internal fragmentation.

APL (programming language)
APL (named after the book A Programming Language) is a programming language developed in the 1960s by Kenneth E. Iverson. Its central datatype is the multidimensional array. It uses a large range of special graphic symbols to represent most functions and operators, leading to very concise code. It has been an important influence on the development of concept modeling, spreadsheets, functional programming, and computer math packages. It has also inspired several other programming languages.
Downs station
The Downs station, nominated as the Downs Missouri Pacific Depot, is a historic railroad depot building at 710 Railroad Street in Downs, Kansas. The Missouri Pacific Railroad depot was located at a junction with lines radiating to Atchison, Lenora, and Stockton. The Central Branch of the Union Pacific Railroad completed the line from Atchison to Downs in 1879. However, this branch line better served the needs of the Missouri Pacific, which purchased the line in 1895. By the early 1900s, there were 18 trains a day serving Downs, which had a significant railroad presence with a ten stall roundhouse and associated railroad facilities. In 1916, the wooden depot burned down, necessitating the construction of the present brick depot.

Passenger service to the depot lasted until at least 1959 with the station added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 11, 2001.

Missouri Pacific Railroad
The Missouri Pacific Railroad (reporting mark MP), commonly abbreviated as MoPac, was one of the first railroads in the United States west of the Mississippi River. MoPac was a Class I railroad growing from dozens of predecessors and mergers. In 1967, the railroad operated 9,041 miles of road and 13,318 miles of track, not including DK&S, NO&LC, T&P, and its subsidiaries C&EI and Missouri-Illinois.

Union Pacific Corporation, the parent company of the Union Pacific Railroad, agreed to buy the Missouri Pacific Railroad on January 8, 1980. Lawsuits filed by competing railroads delayed approval of the merger until September 13, 1982. After the Supreme Court denied a trial to the Southern Pacific, the merger took effect on December 22, 1982. However, due to outstanding bonds of the Missouri Pacific, its full merger into the Union Pacific Railroad did not become official until January 1, 1997.
Luke Nolen
Luke Nolen (born 12 March 1980) is an Australian jockey best known for riding mare Black Caviar to 22 of her 25 consecutive wins.

Nolen is from the rural town of Manangatang in northern Victoria. Beginning in Queensland country races, he has been riding professionally since 1998.

As of 6 December 2025, Nolen has ridden 1,992 winners, including 40 in Group One races. He won 14 of his 38 Group One winners on Black Caviar. He won the Melbourne jockeys' premiership three seasons in a row: 2009/10, 2010/11 and 2011/12.

Notable wins include:

2007 Cox Plate on El Segundo for Colin Little

2022 Golden Eagle on I Wish I Win for Peter Moody.

His best placing in the Melbourne Cup was 2nd in 2010 aboard Maluckyday for Wayne Hawkes, behind Americain.

Luke has gained the Nickname "Trumby" through the racing industry.

Manangatang
Manangatang (/məˈnæŋɡətæŋ/ mə-NANG-gə-tang) is a town in north-western Victoria, Australia. At the 2021 census, Manangatang had a population of 274. It is sometimes noted for its unusual name, from an Aboriginal term "manang" meaning land and "kaaiti" meaning water.
Get Born Again
"Get Born Again" is a song by the American rock band Alice in Chains and, along with "Died", one of the last two songs recorded with vocalist Layne Staley before his death in 2002. The song was released as the lead single from the compilation Nothing Safe: Best of the Box (1999) on June 1, 1999. It peaked at No. 4 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks chart, and at No. 12 on the Modern Rock Tracks chart. "Get Born Again" was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Hard Rock Performance in 2000. The song was also included on the compilation albums Music Bank (1999) and The Essential Alice in Chains (2006).

Sean Kinney
Sean Howard Kinney (born May 27, 1966) is an American musician, best known as the drummer and co-founder of the rock band Alice in Chains. Kinney also founded the short-lived supergroup Spys4Darwin, and has collaborated with other artists such as Johnny Cash and Metallica. He played drums for his Alice in Chains bandmate, Jerry Cantrell's first solo album, Boggy Depot (1998). Since 2009, Kinney has been co-owner of The Crocodile club in Seattle. He was a guest drummer on NBC's Late Night with Seth Meyers in September 2018. Kinney has earned nine Grammy Award nominations as a member of Alice in Chains.