hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chinese religions of fasting
The Chinese religions of fasting (simplified Chinese: 斋教; traditional Chinese: 齋教; pinyin: zhāijiāo; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chai-kàu) are a subgroup of the Chinese salvationist religions. Their name refers to the strict vegetarian fasting diet that believers follow. This subgroup originated as the Lǎoguān zhāijiào (老官齋教 "Venerable Officials' teaching of fasting") sect that departed from the eastern "Great Vehicle" proliferation of Luoism in the 16th century and adopted features of the White Lotus tradition.

The Chinese religions of fasting are the following three:

the Longhua sect (龍華教 "Dragon Flower");

the Jintong sect (金幢教 "Golden Flag"); and

the Xiantiandao (先天道 "Way of Former Heaven") tradition.

In the 1890s, a zhaijiao group assumed the functions of government in Gutian County, leading to the Kucheng Massacre.

Gutian County
Gutianⓘ (simplified Chinese: 古田县; traditional Chinese: 古田縣; pinyin: Gǔtián Xiàn; Foochow Romanized: Kŭ-chèng Gâing) is a county lying in the northeastern Fujian province, People's Republic of China. It is under the administration of Ningde City and is located in the southwest part of the municipality. It is also known as "the town of the former worthy", as Zhu Xi, a famous Chinese scholar once lived there. It is also known as Kutien or Kucheng.

Area: 2,385.2 square kilometres (920.9 sq mi)

Population: 323,771 in 2020
Jñānagupta
Jñānagupta (Sanskrit: ज्ञानगुप्त; Chinese: 闍那崛多 or 志德; pinyin: Shénàjuéduō or Zhì Dé) was a Buddhist monk  from Gandhara who travelled to China and was recognised by Emperor Wen of the Sui dynasty. He is said to have brought with him 260 sutras in Sanskrit, and was supported in translating these into Chinese by the emperor.

In total, he translated 39 scriptures in 192 fascicles during the period 561 to 592, including:

Sutra of Buddha's Fundamental Deeds, 60 fascicles

(Chinese: 佛本行經; pinyin: Fó Běnháng Jīng)

Candrottaradarikapariprccha, 2 fascicles

(Chinese: 月上女經; pinyin: Yuè Shàng Nǚ Jīng)

Serial (literature)
In literature, a serial is a printing or publishing format by which a single larger work, often a work of narrative fiction, is published in smaller, sequential installments. The installments are also known as numbers, parts, fascicules or fascicles, and may be released either as separate publications or within sequential issues of a periodical publication, such as a magazine or newspaper.

Serialisation can also begin with a single short story that is subsequently turned into a series.  Historically, such series have been published in periodicals. Popular short-story series are often published together in book form as collections.
2011 President's Cup – Men's doubles
Colin Fleming and Ross Hutchins were the defending champions, but decided not to participate.

Konstantin Kravchuk and Denys Molchanov won the title, defeating Arnau Brugués-Davi and Malek Jaziri 7–6(7–4), 6–7(1–7), [10–3] in the final.

Denys Molchanov
Denys Petrovych Molchanov (Ukrainian: Денис Петрович Молчанов; born 16 May 1987) is a Ukrainian tennis player competing on the ATP Challenger Tour. He reached his highest ATP doubles ranking of world No. 58 on 29 January 2024. In 2015 he reached his highest singles ranking of No. 169.

He has won two ATP doubles titles. He has also won 15 ITF singles and 66 doubles titles, 36 of them Challengers. He also played for the Ukraine Davis Cup team.
Collón Curá River
The Collón Curá River is a geographical feature of Neuquén Province, Argentina. It flows southward from the confluence of the Aluminé and Chimehuin Rivers, near the town of Junín de los Andes, for around 70 kilometres (43 mi), past which it becomes a tributary of the Limay River. The Collón Curá Formation and in turn the South American land mammal age Colloncuran are named after the river.

The valley is famous for its two activities: birdwatching and fly fishing.

Junín de los Andes
Junín de los Andes is a first category municipality and administrative center of the Huiliches Department  in the province of Neuquén, Argentina. It is located in the south of the province, by the Chimehuin River, on National Route 40, about 35 km (22 mi) north of San Martín de los Andes and 17 km (11 mi) from the Chapelco Airport, which services the area.

Founded in 1883 as a fortress during the Conquest of the Desert, it is the oldest town in the province. It developed as a cattle border town. A mixture of the native Mapuche people's and the Argentine pioneers' influence can be seen in the local culture. Over the years, it became a tourism center near the Lanín National Park and the surrounding Andean lakes. In spring and summer, it is a common place for birdwatching, fishing and other outdoor activities, being considered Argentina's national trout fishing capital.
Geçki
Geçki is the usage of a different makam during the performance of another makam, which may or may not lead to a modulation. It is a form of modal interchange, used specifically within Turkish makam music.

Modulation (music)
In music, modulation is the change from one tonality (tonic, or tonal center) to another. This may or may not be accompanied by a change in key signature (a key change). Modulations articulate or create the structure or form of many pieces, as well as add interest. Treatment of a non-tonic chord as a temporary tonic, for less than a phrase, is considered tonicization.

Modulation is the essential part of the art. Without it there is little music, for a piece derives its true beauty not from the large number of fixed modes which it embraces but rather from the subtle fabric of its modulation.
Regional entity
A regional entity (RE) in the North American power transmission grid is a regional organization representing all segments of the electric industry:  electric utilities (investor-owned, cooperatives, state, regional, and municipal), federal agencies, independent power producers, power market operators, and end-users of the energy. North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) delegates to REs authority to enforce reliability standards (which NERC has throughout the contiguous United States), collectively REs, together with NERC, are known as an "ERO Enterprise" (from the Electric Reliability Organization).

Independent power producer
An independent power producer (IPP) or non-utility generator (NUG) is an entity that is not a public utility but owns facilities to generate electric power for sale to utilities and end users. NUGs may be privately held facilities, corporations, cooperatives such as rural solar or wind energy producers, and non-energy industrial concerns capable of feeding excess energy into the system.

An independent water and power producer (IWPP) is similar to an IPP, but with a unified process to also output usable treated water.
Shmoo
The shmoo (plural: shmoos, also shmoon) is a fictional cartoon creature created by Al Capp, which first appeared in the comic strip Li'l Abner on August 31, 1948. The character created a fad that lasted into the 1950s, including merchandise, songs, fan clubs, and appearances on magazine covers. The parable of the shmoo has been interpreted in many different ways, both at the time and in later analysis.

Cartoon
A cartoon is a type of visual art that is typically drawn, frequently animated, in an unrealistic or semi-realistic style. The specific meaning has evolved, but the modern usage usually refers to either: an image or series of images intended for satire, caricature, or humor; or a motion picture that relies on a sequence of illustrations for its animation. Someone who creates cartoons in the first sense is called a cartoonist, and in the second sense they are usually called an animator.

The concept originated in the Middle Ages, and first described a preparatory drawing for a piece of art, such as a painting, fresco, tapestry, or stained glass window. In the 19th century, beginning in Punch magazine in 1843, cartoon came to refer – ironically at first – to humorous artworks in magazines and newspapers. Then it also was used for political cartoons and comic strips. When the medium developed, in the early 20th century, it began to refer to animated films that resembled print cartoons.
Hlevakha
Hlevakha (Ukrainian: Глеваха) is a rural settlement in Fastiv Raion of Kyiv Oblast (region) of Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Hlevakha settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 8,800 (2022 estimate).

Hlevakha is situated 10,5 km. to the south of Kyiv. There are a lot of dachas in this settlement.

Fastiv Raion
Fastiv Raion (Ukrainian: Фастівський район) is a raion (district) in Kyiv Oblast of Ukraine. Its administrative center is the city of Fastiv. Population: 184,095 (2022 estimate).

On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Kyiv Oblast was reduced to seven, and the area of Fastiv Raion was significantly expanded.  The January 2020 estimate of the raion population was 30,331 (2020 est.).
MACS J1149 Lensed Star 1
MACS J1149 Lensed Star 1, also known as Icarus, is a blue supergiant star observed through a gravitational lens. It is the seventh most distant individual star to have been detected so far (after Earendel, Godzilla, Mothra, Quyllur, star-1 and star-2), at approximately 14 billion light-years from Earth (redshift z=1.49; comoving distance of 14.4 billion light-years; lookback time of 9.34 billion years). Light from the star was emitted 4.4 billion years after the Big Bang. According to co-discoverer Patrick Kelly, the star is at least a hundred times more distant than the next-farthest non-supernova star observed, SDSS J1229+1122, and is the first magnified individual star seen.

Quyllur (star)
Quyllur is a red supergiant (RSG) located in the galaxy cluster of El Gordo. It is likely the first red supergiant star at cosmological distances and has an estimated radius of 965 solar radii, making it one of the largest known stars.
Brasserie des Rocs
The Brasserie des Rocs (formerly known as Brasserie de l'Abbaye des Rocs) is a brewery in Montignies-sur-Roc, Belgium. Founded in 1979, the company brews ales in the traditional Belgian style. Their Triple Imperiale, a tripel without added sugars, was the Chicago Tribune's "Beer of the Month" in 2007. Their Blonde, a blonde ale, got first place in a test of 23 Belgian ales in The New York Times.

Their beers are exported to various countries, including Japan and the United States.

Tripel
Tripel is a term used by brewers mainly in the Low Countries, some other European countries, and the U.S. to describe a strong pale ale, loosely in the style of Westmalle Tripel. The origin of the term is unknown, though the main theory is that it indicates strength in some way. It was used in 1956 by the Trappist brewery, Westmalle, to rename the strongest beer in their range, though both the term Tripel and the style of beer associated with the name (strong pale ale), were in existence before 1956. 
The style of Westmalle's Tripel and the name was widely copied by the breweries of Belgium, and in 1987 another Trappist brewery, the Koningshoeven in the Netherlands, expanded their range with a beer called La Trappe Tripel, though they also produced a stronger beer they termed La Trappe Quadrupel. The term spread to the U.S. and other countries, and is applied by a range of secular brewers to a strong pale ale in the style of Westmalle Tripel.
RasGas
RasGas Company Limited was a liquefied natural gas (LNG) producing company in Qatar. It was the second-biggest LNG producer in Qatar after QatarEnergy LNG. RasGas operated seven LNG trains located in Ras Laffan Industrial City. It was merged with Qatargas on 1 January 2018.

RasGas also operated helium plants which produce 25% of the world's helium, and make Qatar the second largest helium exporter.

The chief executive officer of the company was Hamad Mubarak Al-Muhannadi.

Cubic foot
The cubic foot (symbol ft3 or cu ft) is an imperial and US customary (non-metric) unit of volume, used in the United States and the United Kingdom. It is defined as the volume of a cube with sides of one foot (0.3048 m) in length, or exactly 28.316846592 L (which is about 1% off of ⁠1/35⁠ of a cubic metre, making that a suitable approximation in many cases).
Sharjah Warriorz
Sharjah Warriorz (founded as Sharjah Warriors) is a professional Twenty20 franchise cricket team that plays in the International League T20 (ILT20), in the United Arab Emirates. It was one of the six teams that were announced for the inaugural season of the tournament. Founded in 2022, the team is owned by Capri Global.

The team is captained by Tim Southee, and coached by Johan Botha. The team's batting coach is JP Duminy.

Johan Botha (cricketer)
Johan Botha (born 2 May 1982) is a South African-Australian cricket coach, cricketer, and long-distance runner who played for the South African national team between 2005 and 2012. He moved to Australia in 2012 to play in the country's domestic leagues, and in 2016 became an Australian citizen. In January 2019, he retired from all forms of the game. However, in December 2020, he made a comeback as a replacement player for the Hobart Hurricanes in the 2020–21 Big Bash League.
Total war
Total war is a type of warfare that mobilizes the totality of national resources to sustain war production, blurring the line between military and civilian activities and legitimate attacks on civilian targets as part of a war without restriction as to the combatants, territory or objectives involved.

The term has been defined as "A war that is unrestricted in terms of the weapons used, the territory or combatants involved, or the objectives pursued, especially one in which the laws of war are disregarded."

In the mid-19th century, scholars identified  what  later became known as total war as a separate class of warfare. In a total war, the differentiation between combatants and non-combatants diminishes due to the capacity of opposing sides to consider nearly every human, including non-combatants, as resources that are used in the war effort.

Legitimate military target
A legitimate military target is an object, structure, individual, or entity that is considered to be a valid target for attack by belligerent forces according to the law of war during an armed conflict.
Monogamy (TV series)
Craig Ross Jr.'s Monogamy is an American television drama series created by Craig Ross Jr. and his wife Caryn Ward Ross. The series follows four married couples and their unconventional form of therapy with the hopes of reviving their failing relationships. It starring ensemble cast includes Jill Marie Jones, Brian J. White, Vanessa Simmons, Darius McCrary, Wesley Jonathan, Caryn Ward Ross, Blue Kimble and Chrystee Pharris. The writing staff includes Tamika Lamison, Cleve Lamison, Kelvin Foster, Shannan E. Johnson, Caryn Ward Ross and Craig Ross Jr.

The first season premiered on the streaming service Urban Movie Channel on May 4, 2018. On March 28, 2019, the series was renewed for the second season. The series was renewed for the third season premiering in 2021. According to UMC, Monogamy is the streamer's most popular program. In 2020, the series premiered on Netflix worldwide outside the United States.

Allblk
ALLBLK ("all-black"; stylized as ALLBLK or allblk; ALLWAYSBLK in Canada and the Caribbean; formerly Urban Movie Channel, UMC) is an over-the-top SVOD service operated by AMC Networks. It was formed by Robert L. Johnson (the founder of Black Entertainment Television, whose parent company operates BET+) in November 2014.

The service features original movies and television series aimed at African American audiences, including live stand-up performances, documentaries and reality series, and stage plays.

On January 6, 2021, Urban Movie Channel relaunched as ALLBLK. The Canadian and Caribbean versions of the service remained under the UMC name until May 2022, when they rebranded as ALLWAYSBLK.
Populars for Reform
The Populars for Reform (Italian: Popolari per la Riforma) was a Christian-democratic and liberal political party in Italy.

It was founded in 1992 by Mario Segni as a split from Christian Democracy. The main goal of the party was electoral reform from proportional representation to a first-past-the-post system. In 1993 it merged with Democratic Alliance, which had identical goals, but, when that party decided to take part to the Alliance of Progressives with the ex-Communist Democratic Party of the Left, Segni set up an independent party again: the Segni Pact, which contested the 1994 general election in coalition with the Italian People's Party, named Pact for Italy.

Alliance of Progressives
The Alliance of Progressives (Italian: Alleanza dei Progressisti) was a left-wing political alliance of parties in Italy formed in 1994, with relevant predecessors at local level in 1993. The leader of the alliance was Achille Occhetto. The alliance was a predecessor of the modern-day centre-left coalition.
Undara Volcanic National Park
The Undara Volcanic National Park is a national park in the Shire of Etheridge, Queensland, Australia. It is situated 275 kilometres (171 mi) southwest of Cairns just off the Gulf Developmental Road. The park was established in 2009 to protect Australia's longest lava tube and the unique fauna and flora found of the area. The basalts of the area form part of the Cenozoic McBride Basalt (Volcanic) Provence. The volcanics are all less than 8 million years old (Ma) with the youngest only 7,000 years old.

Gulf Developmental Road
Gulf Developmental Road is an Australian highway linking the Cairns and Normanton regions in northern Queensland, Australia. It is the only sealed (asphalt) road linking these two regions, and is designated Highway 1 in the Queensland part of the national Highway 1 network.
2019 AFF Beach Soccer Championship
The 2019 AFF Beach Soccer Championship is the third edition of the AFF Beach Soccer Championship, the premier regional beach soccer championship. This edition will features three of the members of the ASEAN Football Federation (AFF) and two invited teams inside Asia.

Organised by the AFF, the tournament takes place between 13 and 17 November in Chonburi, Thailand, featuring five teams.

Vietnam are the defending champions.

ASEAN Football Federation
The ASEAN Football Federation (AFF) is an organisation within the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) and is an international governing body of association football, futsal, and beach soccer in Southeast Asia. It consists of the federations of Australia, Brunei, Cambodia, East Timor, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.

The AFF was founded by member states of, and is officially associated with, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), even though it also includes Australia, a pacific nation, after leaving Oceania Football Confederation in 2006.
Multimedia search
Multimedia search enables information search using queries in multiple data types including text and other multimedia formats.
Multimedia search can be implemented through multimodal search interfaces, i.e., interfaces that allow to submit search queries not only as textual requests, but also through other media.
We can distinguish two methodologies in multimedia search:

Metadata search: the search is made on the layers of metadata.

Query by example: The interaction consists in submitting a piece of information (e.g., a video, an image, or a piece of audio) for the purpose of finding similar multimedia items.

Search engine (computing)
In computing, a search engine is an information retrieval software system designed to help find information stored on one or more computer systems. Search engines discover, crawl, transform, and store information for retrieval and presentation in response to user queries. The search results are usually presented in a list and are commonly called hits. The most widely used type of search engine is a web search engine, which searches for information on the World Wide Web.

A search engine normally consists of four components, as follows: a search interface, a crawler (also known as a spider or bot), an indexer, and a database. The crawler traverses a document collection, deconstructs document text, and assigns surrogates for storage in the search engine index. Online search engines store images, link data and metadata for the document.
Apostolic Vicariate of San Jose in Mindoro
The Apostolic Vicariate of San Jose in Mindoro is a Latin Catholic missionary jurisdiction or apostolic vicariate of the Catholic Church in the western part of Mindoro island in the Philippines. Its cathedra is within the Cathedral-Parish of St. Joseph the Worker, in the episcopal see of San Jose.

Mindoro
Mindoro is the seventh largest and eighth-most populous island in the Philippines. With a total land area of 10,571 km2 ( 4,082 sq.mi ), it has a population of 1,430,921, as of the 2024 census. It is located off the southwestern coast of Luzon and northeast of Palawan. Mindoro is divided into two provinces: Occidental Mindoro and Oriental Mindoro. Calapan is the only city on the island and largest settlement on the island with a total population of 148,558 inhabitants as of 2024. The  southern coast of  Kristine Mindoro forms the northeastern extremum of the Sulu Sea. Mount Halcon is the highest point on the island, standing at 8,484 feet (2,586 m) above sea level located in Oriental Mindoro. Mount Baco is the island's second highest mountain with an elevation of 8,163 feet (2,488 m), located in the province of Occidental Mindoro.
Contao, Chile
Contao is a village (Spanish: aldea) in the southeastern shore of Reloncaví Sound in southern Chile. It lies along the northernmost portion of Carretera Austral. It had 671 inhabitants as of 2017. In colonial times Contao was a place of Fitzroya logging.

The village is served by Contao Airport.

Zona Austral
The Zona Austral (Southernmost Zone) is one of the five natural regions into which CORFO divided continental Chile in 1950 corresponding to the Chilean portion of Patagonia. It is surrounded by the Zona Sur and the Chacao Channel to the north, the Pacific Ocean and Drake's Passage to the south and west, and the Andean mountains and Argentina to the east. If excluding Chiloé Archipelago, Zona Austral covers all of Chilean Patagonia.
Churchman baronets
There have been two baronetcies created for members of the Churchman family, both in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. Both creations are extinct.

The Churchman Baronetcy, of Abbey Oaks in the parish of Sproughton in the County of Suffolk, was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 3 July 1917. For more information on this creation, see Arthur Churchman, 1st Baron Woodbridge. Both the Baronetcy and Barony became extinct on the death of the 1st Baron in 1949.

The Churchman Baronetcy, of Melton in the County of Suffolk, was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 29 June 1938 for the tobacco manufacturer and public servant Sir William Churchman. He was the elder brother of the first Baronet of the 1917 creation. The title became extinct on his death in 1947.

Melton, Suffolk
Melton is a village in Suffolk, England, located approximately one mile northeast of Woodbridge. The 2001 census recorded a population of 3,718, the population increasing to 3,741 at the 2011 Census. The village is served by Melton railway station on the Ipswich-Lowestoft East Suffolk Line. The parish contains 'Woodbridge' Melton, an area of building contiguous with Woodbridge but separated from most of Melton by the wood, 'Village' Melton, centred around the A1152 and A1438, Melton Park or Melton St Audry's, a housing estate converted from an asylum, and various outlying hamlets.

Melton was the effective capital of the Liberty of St Etheldreda and housed a gaol and various other buildings.