hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Solocmachay
Solocmachay (possibly from Quechua sut'uy to drip, -y a suffix, mach'ay cave, "drippy cave") is a mountain in the Vilcabamba mountain range in the Andes of Peru. It is located in the Cusco Region, La Convención Province, on the border of the districts of Inkawasi and Vilcabamba. Solocmachay lies northwest of Choquesafra.

Choquesafra
Choquesafra or Choquezafra (possibly from Quechua chuqi metal, every kind of precious metal / gold (<Aymara), sapra beard) is a  5,152-metre-high (16,903 ft) mountain in the Vilcabamba mountain range in the Andes of Peru. It is located in the Cusco Region, La Convención Province, on the border of the districts of Inkawasi and Vilcabamba. Choquesafra lies west of the Panta group and south of a river named Rancahuayco. The Huajchay River originates northwest of the mountain. It flows to the southwest as a right affluent of the Apurímac River.
Touching China Annual Person of the Year Award
The Touching China Annual Person of the Year Award (Chinese: 感动中国年度人物评选; abbreviated as Touching China or Touching China Awards) is a selection event launched by the News Center of China Media Group (CMG). It focuses on recognizing influential individuals in China. With the slogan "Touching the Public, Touching China (感动公众，感动中国)", the award is held annually, typically selecting ten individuals and one group each year.

China Media Group
China Media Group (Chinese: 中央广播电视总台; lit. 'Central Radio and Television General Station') also known as Voice of China, is the predominant state media company by means of radio and television broadcasting in the People's Republic of China. It was founded on 21 March 2018, as a fusion of the state-holding media enterprises of China Central Television, China National Radio, and China Radio International. China Media Group is under the direct control of the Central Propaganda Department of the Chinese Communist Party.
Temporary Protection Directive
The Temporary Protection Directive (TPD; Council Directive 2001/55/EC) is a 2001 European Union directive providing for immediate, temporary protection for displaced people from outside the external border of the Union, intended to be used in exceptional circumstances when the regular EU asylum system has trouble handling a "mass influx" of refugees. It was introduced in the aftermath of the Yugoslav Wars, but was not used before 2022. When invoked, it requires EU member states to accept refugees as allocated based on their capacity to host them, following a principle of solidarity and a "balance of efforts" among member states.

On 3 March 2022, in response to the refugee crisis caused by the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, EU ministers unanimously agreed to invoke the Temporary Protection Directive for the first time in its history.

Directive (European Union)
A directive is a legal act of the European Union which requires member states to achieve particular goals without dictating how the member states achieve those goals. A directive's goals have to be made the goals of one or more new or changed national laws by the member states before this legislation applies to individuals residing in the member states. Directives normally leave member states with a certain amount of leeway as to the exact rules to be adopted. Directives can be adopted by means of a variety of legislative procedures depending on their subject matter.

The text of a draft directive (if subject to the co-decision process, as contentious matters usually are) is prepared by the Commission after consultation with its own and national experts. The draft is presented to the Parliament and the Council—composed of relevant ministers of member governments, initially for evaluation and comment and then subsequently for approval or rejection.
Hinoba-an
Hinoba-an, officially the Municipality of Hinoba-an (formerly Asia),  is a municipality in the province of Negros Occidental, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 64,364 people.

The town is home to the Magahat language, the indigenous language of Southern Negros as listed by the Komisyon ng Wikang Filipino. The language is vital to the culture and arts of the people.

USS Gudgeon (SS-211)
USS Gudgeon (SS-211) was the first American submarine to sink an enemy warship in World War II (Pacific, 27 January 1942). She was the last of the long-range Tambor-class vessels commissioned for the United States Navy in the years before the country entered World War II. Gudgeon scored 14 confirmed kills, placing her 15th on the honor roll of American submarines. She was declared overdue, presumed lost with all hands, on 7 June 1944. Of the twelve Tambor-class submarines, only five survived the war.
Ichthyornithes
Ichthyornithes is an extinct group of toothed avialan dinosaurs very closely related to the common ancestor of all modern birds. They are known from fossil remains found throughout the late Cretaceous period of North America, though only two genera, Ichthyornis and Janavis, are represented by complete enough fossils to have been named. Ichthyornitheans became extinct at the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary, along with enantiornitheans, all other non-avian dinosaurs, and many other animal and plant groups.

Avialae
Avialae ("bird wings") is a clade containing the only living dinosaurs, the birds, and their closest relatives. It is usually defined as all theropod dinosaurs more closely related to birds (Aves) than to deinonychosaurs, though alternative definitions are occasionally used (see below).

Archaeopteryx lithographica, from the late Jurassic Period Solnhofen Formation of Germany, is usually considered the earliest known avialan which may have had the capability of powered flight; a minority of studies have suggested that it might have been a  deinonychosaur instead. Several older (but non flight-capable) possible avialans are known from the late Jurassic Tiaojishan Formation of China, dated to about 160 million years ago.
Pienaars River
The Pienaars River is a river in South Africa. It is a tributary of  the Crocodile River. A short section of this river is known as the Moretele River (i.e. approximately 20 km section between Haakdoornbult and the Klipvoor Dam). Tributaries of the Pienaars River include the Moreletaspruit (alternative spellings: Morelettaspruit, Moreleta Spruit). Note that the above-mentioned Moretele river section is 60 km away from the Moreletaspruit and these two should not be confused with one another.

Dinokeng Game Reserve
The Dinokeng Game Reserve is a wildlife reserve in the province of Gauteng, South Africa and can be accessed via the  N1 route. It is a 40-minute drive from Pretoria or 75 minutes from the O. R. Tambo Airport and Johannesburg. The reserve has the Big Five game animals, and is open for visitors to explore. It covers an area of approximately 21,000 hectares. The name, Dinokeng, is derived from the language of the Tswana and Bapedi people, and is translated as “a place of rivers”.
Section 43 of the Constitution of Australia
Section 43 of the Constitution of Australia prevents a person from being a member of both houses of the Parliament of Australia. Section 43 states:

A member of either House of the Parliament shall be incapable of being chosen or of sitting as a member of the other House.

In Sykes v Cleary, the High Court stated (in obiter) that the words "shall be incapable of being chosen" must refer to the process of being chosen such that a member of one house must resign their seat before even contesting an election for the other house.

Sykes v Cleary
Sykes v Cleary was a significant decision of the High Court of Australia sitting as the Court of Disputed Returns on 25 November 1992. The case was a leading decision on Section 44 of the Constitution of Australia, dealing with both what constitutes an office of profit under the Crown and allegiance to a foreign power. The majority held that a teacher employed by the State of Victoria held an "office of profit under the Crown" within the meaning of s 44(iv) and so was "incapable of being chosen". A person who held dual citizenship was incapable of being chosen unless they had taken all reasonable steps to renounce the other citizenship.
Boundary parallel
In mathematics, a connected submanifold of a compact manifold with boundary is said to be boundary parallel, ∂-parallel, or peripheral if it can be continuously deformed into a boundary component. This notion is important for 3-manifold topology.

3-manifold
In mathematics, a 3-manifold is a topological space that locally looks like a three-dimensional Euclidean space. A 3-manifold can be thought of as a possible shape of the universe. Just as a sphere looks like a plane (a tangent plane) to a small and close enough observer, all 3-manifolds look like our universe to a small enough observer. This is made more precise in the definition below.
Friedel de Wet
Friedel de Wet (born 26 June 1980) is a South African former first-class cricketer.

de Wet was born at Durban and educated at Grenswag High School in Rustenburg and the University of Technology in Pretoria. He represented the United Cricket Board of South Africa (UCBSA) National Academy, Titans, Lions, North West and the Northerns as a right-handed batsman and a right-arm fast-medium bowler. He took 48 wickets at 22.00 for the Lions in 2006–07.

de Wet toured India with the South Africa 'A' party in 2007–08 and signed for Middlesex as a Kolpak registration for the 2008 season. On 5 January 2011 it was announced that he would play for Hampshire as a Kolpak registration for the 2011 season. He also had a spell in the Lancashire Cricket League with Chorley Cricket Club in 2008 taking 56 wickets at an average of just over 13. In 2012, de Wet announced an immediate retirement to his cricketing career due to a persistent back injury which troubled him throughout his career.

Kolpak ruling
The Kolpak ruling is a European Court of Justice ruling handed down on 8 May 2003 in favour of Maroš Kolpak, a Slovak handball player. It declared that citizens of countries which have signed European Union Association Agreements have the same right to freedom of work and movement within the EU as EU citizens. Thus any restrictions placed on their right to work (such as quotas setting maximum numbers of such foreign players in sports teams) are deemed illegal under EU law.  The legal actions in Germany set a precedent for professional sports in Europe, which have had a wide-ranging effect, especially in regard to English county cricket and European professional rugby.

Kolpak player, or Kolpak, was a term used in the United Kingdom for people from overseas playing in the domestic leagues in cricket and both rugby codes, who were subject to the Kolpak ruling. However, the system no longer applies in the UK, following its exit from the European Union, which came into effect in 2020.
Deir Hajla
Deir Hajla (also spelled Deir Hijleh) or Qasr Hajla is the Arabic name of the Greek Orthodox Monastery of Saint Gerasimus (officially the Holy Monastery of Saint Gerasimos of the Jordan, Greek: Ιερά Μονή Αγίου Γερασίμου του Ιορδανίτη), a monastery located in the Jericho Governorate, West Bank, Palestine, west of the River Jordan and north of the Dead Sea.

Lavra
A lavra or laura (Greek: λαύρα; Cyrillic: ла́вра) is a type of monastery consisting of a cluster of cells or caves for hermits, with a church and sometimes a refectory at the center. Lavra monasteries operate within the Orthodox and other Eastern Christian traditions; the name is also used by some Catholic communities.
The term in Greek initially meant a narrow lane or an alley in a city. In a later Eastern Orthodox context, the term took on the new meaning of a large and important monastery.
Paul Franken
Paul Franken (27 June 1894 – Autumn 1944) was a German Socialist politician.

Following Nazi seizure of power in January 1933, his party was banned and he fled. He lived in various countries before settling in the Soviet Union, where in 1936 he was briefly arrested. He was arrested again in 1937 in one of Stalin's political purges.   He was detained for the next seven years and is believed to have died in a labour camp in the northern part of European Russia during the autumn of 1944.

Landtag of Prussia
The Landtag of Prussia (German: Preußischer Landtag) was the representative assembly of the Kingdom of Prussia implemented in 1849, a bicameral legislature consisting of the upper House of Lords (Herrenhaus) and the lower House of Representatives (Abgeordnetenhaus). After World War I and the German Revolution of 1918–19 the Landtag diet continued as the parliament of the Free State of Prussia between 1921 and 1934, when it was abolished by the Nazi regime.
2-valued morphism
In mathematics, a 2-valued morphism is a homomorphism that sends a Boolean algebra B onto the two-element Boolean algebra 2 = {0,1}. It is essentially the same thing as an ultrafilter on B, and, in a different way, also the same things as a maximal ideal of B. 2-valued morphisms have also been proposed as a tool for unifying the language of physics.

Two-element Boolean algebra
In mathematics and abstract algebra, the two-element Boolean algebra is the Boolean algebra whose underlying set (or universe or carrier) B is the Boolean domain. The elements of the Boolean domain are 1 and 0 by convention, so that B = {0, 1}. Paul Halmos's name for this algebra "2" has some following in the literature, and will be employed here.
Last Chance (2012 film)
Last Chance (French: Une dernière chance) is a 2012 documentary by Paul-Émile d'Entremont about five LGBT people seeking the right of asylum in Canada in order to escape persecution or homophobic violence in their homelands. Subjects in the film include a transgender woman who was institutionalized by her family in Lebanon, an LGBT person jailed in Egypt, as well as Trudi, a Jamaican lesbian who was "correctively raped" at gunpoint. Last Chance was produced by the National Film Board of Canada.

D'Entremont conceived the idea for the film while in Jordan, working on his previous film, Reema, aller-retour. The film took ten years to make, including three years of principal photography. Trudi's was the last story to be filmed. Montreal immigration and refugee lawyer Noel St. Pierre was also among those interviewed in the film.

Right of asylum
The right of asylum, sometimes called right of political asylum (asylum from Ancient Greek  ἄσυλον (ásulon) 'sanctuary'), is a juridical concept, under which people persecuted by their own rulers might be protected by another sovereign authority, such as a second country or another entity which in medieval times could offer sanctuary. This right was recognized by the Ancient Egyptians, the Greeks, and the Hebrews, from whom it was adopted into Western tradition. René Descartes fled to the Netherlands, Voltaire to England, and Thomas Hobbes to France, because each state offered protection to persecuted foreigners. Contemporary right of asylum is founded on the non-binding Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
Morris Ranch Schoolhouse
The Morris Ranch Schoolhouse is a ranch school located on Morris Ranch Road, 8.5 miles (13.7 km) southwest of Fredericksburg in  Gillespie County, in the U.S. state of Texas. It was placed on the  National Register of Historic Places in 1983, and was designated a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark in 1981. Designed by Alfred Giles, who also designed the 1882 Fredericksburg Memorial Library, the schoolhouse was built in 1893. Winning thoroughbred trainer Max Hirsch began his career on Morris Ranch and attended classes in the schoolhouse.

Recorded Texas Historic Landmark
Recorded Texas Historic Landmark (RTHL) is a designation awarded by the Texas Historical Commission for historically and architecturally significant properties in the U.S. state of Texas. RTHL is a legal designation and the highest honor the state can bestow on a historic structure. Purchase and display of a historical marker is a required component of the RTHL designation process. Because it is a legal designation, owners of RTHL-designated structures must give 60 days' notice before any alterations are made to the exterior of the structure. Changes that are unsympathetic may result in removal of the designation and historical marker. More than 3,600 RTHL structures are spread throughout the state.
Esparto, California
Esparto (Spanish for "Halfah grass") is a census-designated place (CDP) in Yolo County, California, United States. It is part of the Sacramento–Arden-Arcade–Roseville Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 3,572 at the 2020 census.

Arden-Arcade, California
Arden-Arcade is a census-designated place (CDP) in Sacramento County, California, United States. The population was 94,659 at the 2020 census, making it the second most populous census-designated place in California. It is east of the city of Sacramento and west of the community of Carmichael.

Arden-Arcade is a principal locality of the Sacramento–Arden-Arcade–Roseville Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Little Norway Park
Little Norway Park is a small park in the Harbourfront area of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, at the southwest corner of Bathurst Street and Queens Quay West. The park is just north of the Western Channel into Toronto Harbour. It was opened in 1986.

Toronto Harbour
Toronto Harbour or Toronto Bay is a natural bay on the north shore of Lake Ontario, in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Today, the harbour is used primarily for recreational boating, including personal vessels and pleasure boats providing scenic or party cruises. Ferries travel from docks on the mainland to the Islands, and cargo ships deliver aggregates and raw sugar to industries located in the harbour. Historically, the harbour has been used for military vessels, passenger traffic and cargo traffic. Waterfront uses include residential, recreational, cultural, commercial and industrial sites.
Suellen Reed
Dr. Suellen K. Reed born June 22, 1945, is a former American educational politician. She served as the State Superintendent of Indiana from January 11, 1993, to January 12, 2009. She also served as Assistant Superintendent of Rushville Community Schools from 1987 to 1981.

Indiana Superintendent of Public Instruction
The superintendent of public instruction was an elected officer in the state government of Indiana. The official was an elected member of the executive branch of government and worked with the state Board of Education as head of the Indiana Department of Education to oversee certain areas of public schools in Indiana. The position was created in 1851 with the adoption of the Constitution of Indiana, and filled in the first general election following its creation. The position of the Superintendent of Public Instruction was abolished in 2021, being replaced by the Secretary of Education, who is appointed by the governor.

The annual salary of the superintendent of public instruction of Indiana was $94,538 in 2008.
Kyle Maack
Kyle Allen McCarty (born March 5, 1992), known professionally as Kyle Maack, is an American R&B and soul singer and podcaster most known for being the first artist signed to Otis Williams of the legendary Motown quintet The Temptations. Maack's debut release, Shakey Ground, was noted for his cover of The Temptations' 1984 single "Treat Her Like a Lady" which featured the 2017 version of the group singing background vocals.

Otis Williams
Otis Williams (born Otis Miles Jr.; October 30, 1941) is an American second tenor/baritone singer. He is occasionally also a songwriter and a record producer. Williams is the founder and last surviving original member of the Motown vocal group the Temptations, a group in which he continues to perform; he also owns the rights to the Temptations name.
Noisecore
Noisecore is a fusion genre that merges hardcore punk and noise rock. Originally emerging in the mid-1980s, the genre is characterized by chaotic song structures, short track lengths, unintelligible lyrics, heavy guitar feedback and distortion, blast beats, noise-laden soundscapes, as well as a rejection of musical theory.

Notable acts include Melt-Banana, Gore Beyond Necropsy, Fat Day and the Gerogerigegege.

Music genre
A music genre is a conventional category that identifies some pieces of music as belonging to a shared tradition or set of conventions. Genre is to be distinguished from musical form and musical style, although in practice these terms are sometimes used interchangeably.

Music can be divided into genres in numerous ways, sometimes broadly and with polarity, e.g., popular music as opposed to art music or folk music, or, as another example, religious music and secular music. Often, however, classification draws on the proliferation of derivative subgenres, fusion genres, and microgenres that has started to accrue, e.g., screamo, country pop, and mumble rap, respectively. The artistic nature of music means that these classifications are often subjective and controversial, and some may overlap. As genres evolve, novel music is sometimes lumped into existing categories.
Fairlawne Chase
The Fairlawne Chase was a National Hunt chase in England which was open to horses aged five years and older. 
It was run at Windsor over a distance of 3 miles (4,828 metres), and was scheduled to take place each year in February.

The race was first run in 1962 and was last run in 1997, when Windsor stopped hosting National Hunt racing.
National Hunt racing returned to Windsor temporarily in 2004 when Ascot was closed for renovations, and Windsor hosted the Long Walk Hurdle.

The race was a handicap before 1968, when it became a Conditions race, until its final year, when it was again run as a handicap.

The race was named after the establishment at Shipbourne Kent of the Queen Mother's racing trainer, Peter Cazalet.
The same name has now been given to a new race, the Fairlawne Handicap Chase  at Cheltenham, run at the New Year meeting.

Handicap (horse racing)
A handicap race in horse racing is a race in which each horse is assigned a specific weight to carry, determined by its past performance and perceived ability. Stronger horses carry more weight, while less accomplished ones carry less. This system aims to equalize the chances of all horses in the race.

The skill in betting on a handicap race lies in predicting which horse can overcome its handicap. Although most handicap races are run for older, less valuable horses with less prize money, this is not true in all cases; some prestigious races are handicaps, such as the Grand National steeplechase, Betfair Stayers' Handicap Hurdle in the UK and the Melbourne Cup in Australia. In the United States, over 30 handicap races are classified as Grade I, the top level of the North American grading system.
Rituel in memoriam Bruno Maderna
Rituel in memoriam Bruno Maderna (1974–75) is a composition for orchestra in eight groups by Pierre Boulez. Biographer Dominique Jameux wrote that the piece has "obvious audience appeal", and that it represented a desire to establish "immediate, almost physical contact with the public". Jameux also noted that Rituel represents one of the few examples of repetitive music written by Boulez. Author Jonathan Goldman wrote that, of Boulez's works, Rituel is the one that "most evokes... the sound worlds of non-Western musical ensembles, be they Indonesian, African or South American."

Arnold Whittall
Arnold Morgan Whittall (born 11 November 1935) is a British musicologist who specializes in 20th and 21st-century classical music. In particular, his academic work focuses on the theory and analysis of music, modernism, and musical style and structure in the works of Richard Wagner. He is an Emeritus Professor of Musical Theory and Analysis at King's College London.

Whittall is also a prolific author of non-academic articles on new music. These include record reviews for Gramophone and the Western Mail.