hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2018 Women's County Championship
The 2018 Women's County One-Day Championship was the 22nd cricket Women's County Championship season. It ran from the beginning of May to the beginning of June and saw 33 county teams and teams representing Scotland, Wales and the Netherlands compete in a series of divisions. Hampshire Women won the County Championship as winners of the top division with Yorkshire finishing runners-up. The Championship was Hampshire's first and was achieved in their first season in the top division.

The tournament was followed by the 2018 Women's Twenty20 Cup and then by the 2018 Women's Cricket Super League, a professional tournament competed for by franchise teams.

2018 Women's Cricket Super League
The 2018 Women's Cricket Super League, or 2018 Kia Super League for sponsorship reasons, was the third season of the Women's Cricket Super League (WCSL), the semi-professional women's cricket competition in England and Wales. The competition, run by the England and Wales Cricket Board (ECB), consisted of six franchise teams playing in a Twenty20 format. Western Storm were the defending champions.

Surrey Stars won the competition, defeating Loughborough Lightning by 66 runs in the final. Smriti Mandhana, an Indian player for Western Storm, was named player of the tournament, after she finished as the tournament's top run-scorer.
Athletics at the 1953 Arab Games
The 1953 Arab Games, held in Alexandria, Egypt, between 26 July and 10 August 1953, featured 21 athletics events. Foot races ranged in length from 100 metres to a full marathon.

1953 Pan Arab Games

Egypt, Alexandria

July 26 – August 10

1953 Arab Games
The 1st Arab Games were held in Alexandria, Egypt, between 26 July and 10 August 1953. A total number of 650 athletes from 9 countries, 8 Arab countries and Indonesia (invited) participated in events in 10 sports.
Holbeck TMD
Holbeck TMD is a traction maintenance depot located in Holbeck, Leeds, England. The depot is located on the west side of the line from Woodlesford, and is 57 chains (1.1 km) south of Leeds railway station.

The site has been used to stable trains since the 1860s.

British Rail Class 31
The British Rail Class 31 diesel locomotives, also known as the Brush Type 2 and previously as Class 30, were built by Brush Traction from 1957 to 1962. They were numbered in two series, D5500-D5699 and D5800-D5862. Construction of the first locomotive was completed in the final week of September 1957, and the handing-over took place on 31 October. The first Class 31 entered service in November 1957, after the launch of the Class 20 locomotive and was one of the Pilot Scheme locomotives ordered by British Railways to replace steam traction.
Barnebya
Barnebya is a genus in the Malpighiaceae, a family of about 75 genera of flowering plants in the order Malpighiales. Barnebya comprises 2 species of trees and woody vines native to eastern Brazil. The genus is named in honor of the American botanist Rupert Charles Barneby (1911–2006).

Malpighiaceae
Malpighiaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Malpighiales. It comprises about 71 genera and 1315 species, all of which are native to the tropics and subtropics. About 80% of the genera and 90% of the species occur in the New World (the Caribbean and the southernmost United States to Argentina) and the rest in the Old World (Africa, Madagascar, and Indomalaya to New Caledonia and the Philippines).

One useful species in the family is Malpighia emarginata, often called acerola. The fruit is consumed in areas where the plant is native. The plant is cultivated elsewhere for the fruit, which is rich in vitamin C.

Another member of the family, caapi or yagé (Banisteriopsis caapi), is used in the entheogenic brew known as ayahuasca.

One feature found in several members of this family, and rarely in others, is providing pollinators with rewards other than pollen or nectar; this is commonly in the form of nutrient oils (resins are offered by Clusiaceae).
SEC v. Texas Gulf Sulphur Co.
SEC v. Texas Gulf Sulphur Co. is a case from the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit which articulated standards for a number of aspects of insider trading law under Section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act and SEC Rule 10b-5. In particular, it set out standards for materiality of inside information, effective disclosure of such information, and what constitutes a "misleading" statement. Texas Gulf Sulphur represented the first time a federal court held that insider trading violated federal securities law and remained the leading case on insider trading for a decade. Over time, the U.S. Supreme Court embraced some of its holdings while rejecting others. The case continues to receive significant scholarly attention.

Chiarella v. United States
Chiarella v. United States, 445 U.S. 222 (1980), is a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that an employee of a printer handling corporate takeover bids who deduced target companies' identities and dealt in their stock without disclosing his knowledge of impending takeovers, had not violated § 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and SEC Rule 10b-5.
Fine and Wilf's theorem
In combinatorics on words, Fine and Wilf's theorem is a fundamental result describing what happens when a long-enough word has two different periods (i.e., distances at which its letters repeat). Informally, the conclusion is that such words  have also a third, shorter period. If the periods and length of  satisfy certain conditions, then this third period can equal . In this case then, the theorem's conclusion is that  is a power of a single letter. The theorem was introduced in 1963 by Nathan Fine and Herbert Wilf. It is easy to prove, and has uses across theoretical computer science and symbolic dynamics.

Combinatorics on words
Combinatorics on words is a subfield of mathematics focused on the study of words and formal languages, which are (usually finite) strings of symbols from an arbitrary set (an "alphabet") and sets of words, respectively. The field has implications in various areas of mathematical study, notably algebra and theoretical computer science. Combinatorics on words became useful in the study of algorithms and coding.
E-box
An E-box (enhancer box) is a DNA response element found in some eukaryotes that acts as a protein-binding site and has been found to regulate gene expression in neurons, muscles, and other tissues. Its specific DNA sequence, CANNTG (where N can be any nucleotide), with a palindromic canonical sequence of CACGTG, is recognized and bound by transcription factors to initiate gene transcription. Once the transcription factors bind to the promoters through the E-box, other enzymes can bind to the promoter and facilitate transcription from DNA to mRNA.

Transactivation
In the context of gene regulation: transactivation is the increased rate of gene expression triggered either by biological processes or by artificial means, through the expression of an intermediate transactivator protein.

In the context of receptor signaling, transactivation occurs when one or more receptors activate yet another; receptor transactivation may result from the crosstalk of signaling cascades or the activation of G protein–coupled receptor hetero-oligomer subunits, among other mechanisms.
Ball lens
A ball lens is an optical lens in the shape of a sphere. Formally, it is a bi-convex spherical lens with the same radius of curvature on both sides, and diameter equal to twice the radius of curvature. The same optical laws may be applied to analyze its imaging characteristics as for other lenses.

As a lens, a transparent sphere of any material with refractive index (n) greater than air (n > 1.00) bends parallel rays of light to a focal point. For most glassy materials the focal point is only slightly beyond the surface of the ball, on the side opposite to where the rays entered. Ball lenses have extremely high optical aberration, including large amounts of coma and field curvature compared to conventional lenses.

Ball lenses or "lensballs" are used by photographers to take novel extreme wide-angle photos.

Numerical aperture
In optics, the numerical aperture (NA) of an optical system is a dimensionless number that characterizes the range of angles over which the system can accept or emit light. By incorporating index of refraction in its definition, NA has the property that it is constant for a beam as it goes from one material to another, provided there is no refractive power at the interface (e.g., a flat interface). The exact definition of the term varies slightly between different areas of optics. Numerical aperture is commonly used in microscopy to describe the acceptance cone of an objective (and hence its light-gathering ability and  resolution), and in fiber optics, in which it describes the range of angles within which light that is incident on the fiber will be transmitted along it.
Water supply and sanitation in Latin America
Water supply and sanitation in Latin America is characterized by insufficient access and in many cases by poor service quality, with detrimental impacts on public health. Water and sanitation services are provided by a vast array of mostly local service providers under an often fragmented policy and regulatory framework. Financing of water and sanitation remains a serious challenge.

Water supply and sanitation in El Salvador
Access to drinking water and sanitation in El Salvador has been increased significantly. A 2015 conducted study by the University of North Carolina called El Salvador the country that has achieved the greatest progress in the world in terms of increased access to water supply and sanitation and the reduction of inequity in access between urban and rural areas. However, water resources are heavily polluted and the great majority of wastewater is discharged without any treatment into the environment. Institutionally a single public institution is both de facto in charge of setting sector policy and of being the main service provider. Attempts at reforming and modernizing the sector through new laws have not borne fruit over the past 20 years.
Oliver Granger
Oliver Granger (February 7, 1794 – August 27, 1841) was an early leader in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints. He was the subject of one of the prophecies of movement founder Joseph Smith.

Prophecies attributed to Joseph Smith
Joseph Smith, founder of the Latter-day Saint movement, is viewed by the movement's adherents as a prophet in the tradition of the ancient prophets recorded in the Bible. During his life, Smith made several prophecies, many documented in the Doctrine and Covenants, a book of scripture in several of the movement's denominations.

Non-LDS sources note Smith's prophecies failed to come true. In 1841, after Smith famously gave a public prophecy that Missouri Governor Lilburn Boggs would be violently killed within a year, Boggs was shot in an assassination attempt on May 6, 1842, but later recovered. Lilburn Boggs died on March 14, 1860 of natural causes.
Fujitsu VP
The Fujitsu FACOM VP is a series of vector supercomputers designed, manufactured, and marketed by Fujitsu. Announced in July 1982, the FACOM VP were the first of the three initial Japanese commercial supercomputers, followed by the Hitachi HITAC S-810 in August 1982 and the NEC SX-2 in April 1983.

NEC SX
NEC SX describes a series of vector supercomputers designed, manufactured, and marketed by NEC. This computer series is notable for providing the first computer to exceed 1 gigaflop, as well as the fastest supercomputer in the world between 1992–1993, and 2002–2004. The current model, as of 2018, is the SX-Aurora TSUBASA.
Chiptune
Chiptune, also called 8-bit music (although not all chiptune is 8-bit), is a style of electronic music, and its associated subculture, made using the programmable sound generator (PSG) sound chips or synthesizers in vintage arcade machines, computers and video game consoles. The term is commonly used to refer to tracker format music using extremely basic and small samples that an old computer or console could produce (this is the original meaning of the term), as well as music that combines PSG sounds with modern musical styles. It has been described as "an interpretation of many genres". Any existing song can be arranged in a chiptune style. It can be defined by choice of instrument, by timbre more than specific style elements.

Digital synthesizer
A digital synthesizer is a synthesizer that uses digital signal processing (DSP) techniques to make musical sounds, in contrast to older analog synthesizers, which produce music using analog electronics, and samplers, which play back digital recordings of acoustic, electric, or electronic instruments. Some digital synthesizers emulate analog synthesizers, while others include sampling capability in addition to digital synthesis.
Marie de' Medici cycle
The Marie de' Medici Cycle is a series of twenty-four paintings by Peter Paul Rubens commissioned by Marie de' Medici, widow of Henry IV of France, for the Luxembourg Palace in Paris. Rubens received the commission in the autumn of 1621.  After negotiating the terms of the contract in early 1622, the project was to be completed within two years, coinciding with the marriage of Marie's daughter, Henrietta Maria.  Twenty-one of the paintings depict Marie's own struggles and triumphs in life. The remaining three are portraits of herself and her parents. The paintings now hang in the Louvre in Paris.

Concordia (mythology)
In ancient Roman religion, Concordia (means "concord" or "harmony" in Latin) is the goddess who embodies agreement in marriage and society. Her Greek equivalent is usually regarded as Harmonia, with musical harmony a metaphor for an ideal of social concord or entente in the political discourse of the Republican era. She was thus often associated with Pax ("Peace") in representing a stable society. As such, she is more closely related to the Greek concept of homonoia (likemindedness), which was also represented by a goddess.

Concordia Augusta was cultivated in the context of Imperial cult. Dedicatory inscriptions to her, on behalf of emperors and members of the imperial family, were common.
Abdul Gaffar Billoo
Abdul Ghaffar Billoo (Urdu: عبد الغفار بلّو born 14 January 1937) is a Pakistani philanthropist who founded HANDS International a Nonprofit organisation in Pakistan which has been working since 1975. As a paediatric endocrinologist, he served at the Aga Khan University (AKU) where he serve as professor of clinical paediatrics. He was awarded with Sitara-i-Imtiaz for public services the most prestigious civilian award by then-President of Pakistan General Pervez Musharraf in March 2007.

Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh
The Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh (RCPE) is a medical royal college in Scotland. It is one of three organisations that set the specialty training standards for physicians in the United Kingdom. It was established by royal charter in 1681. The college has more than 14,000 fellows and members worldwide, who are entitled to use the post-nominal MRCP (Edin) or FRCP (Edin).
Matt Flinders
Matt Flinders (born Sylvan Louis Bonett c. 1937, Alexandria, Egypt) is a former singer and TV presenter who rose to prominence in the late 1960s in Australia. He had top 5 hit singles with his cover versions of "Picking Up Pebbles" (1969) and "Butterfly" (1971). He hosted his own variety shows, The Matt Flinders Show (1972) and Matt Flinders and Friends (1973) on ABC-TV.

Go-Set
Go-Set was the first Australian pop music newspaper, published weekly from 2 February 1966 to 24 August 1974, and was founded in Melbourne by Phillip Frazer, Peter Raphael and Tony Schauble. Widely described as a pop music "bible", it became an influential publication, introduced the first national pop record charts and featured many notable contributors including fashion designer Prue Acton, journalist Lily Brett, rock writer / band manager Vince Lovegrove, music commentator Molly Meldrum, rock writer / music historian Ed Nimmervoll and radio DJ Stan Rofe. It spawned the original Australian edition of Rolling Stone magazine in late 1972.
The Vampire (play)
The Vampire, formally known as The Vampire; or, The Bride of the Isles, is a play written by James Robinson Planché. It was premiered on the London stage in 1820 as the first appearance of the vampire as an image of sophistication and nobility.

Samuel James Arnold
Samuel James Arnold (1774–1852) was an English dramatist and theatrical manager. Under his management the Lyceum Theatre, London became the English Opera House, and staged the first English productions of many operas, including in 1824 Carl Maria von Weber's Der Freischütz.
Media coverage of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict
Media coverage of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict has been said, by both sides and independent observers, to be biased. This coverage includes news, academic discussion, film, and social media. These perceptions of bias, possibly exacerbated by the hostile media effect, have generated more complaints of partisan reporting than any other news topic and have led to a proliferation of media watchdog groups.

Jewish Internet Defense Force
The Jewish Internet Defense Force (JIDF) was an organization that ran social media campaigns from 2000 to 2014 against websites and Facebook groups that it described as Islamic terrorism or antisemitism. The group's website, whose former domain now links to a gambling site, described the JIDF as a "private, independent, non-violent protest organization representing a collective of activists". The JIDF's activities were termed "hacktivism" by the BBC and Haaretz.
The JIDF web site was live in February 2014 with little activity, and is no longer available.
Friendship of peoples
Friendship of peoples (Russian: дружба народов, druzhba narodov) is a concept advanced by Marxist social class theory. According to Marxism, nationalism is only a tool of the ruling class, used to keep the working class divided and thus easier to control and exploit. With the success of class struggle (i.e. the abolition of social classes), the natural brotherhood of all workers would make the idea of separate nations obsolete.

The concept of the friendship of peoples is often opposed to "bourgeois cosmopolitanism". The concept of friendship of peoples was opposed to the concept of internationalism. In this context, the notion of internationalism was explained as "bourgeois cosmopolitanism", so the notion of "internationalism" was conceptually replaced by the notion of "international socialism", also known as "proletarian internationalism".

Rootless cosmopolitan
"Rootless cosmopolitan" (Russian: безродный космополит, romanized: bezródnyj kosmopolít) was a pejorative epithet that was mostly applied to creatives, intellectuals, and prominent political figures, particularly Jewish, during the Stalinist era of the Soviet Union.

In the Communist Party's discourse, rootless cosmopolitans were defined as unpatriotic Soviet citizens who disseminated foreign influence and favoured the socio-political atmosphere or aesthetics of Western Europe or the United States.

It became especially prevalent during the country's anti-cosmopolitan campaign, which began in 1946 and continued until Stalin's death in 1953, as part of an assault on "bourgeois Western influences" that widely targeted writers and other intellectuals, culminating in the "exposure" of the non-existent "doctors' plot" against the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

The term is considered to be an antisemitic trope.
1981 Liechtenstein constitutional referendum
A constitutional referendum was held in Liechtenstein on 10 May 1981. Voters were asked whether they approved of amending article 46, which covered the number of seats in the Landtag, its membership and the electoral system. The proposal, which had been narrowly rejected in a 1975 referendum, was rejected by 52.9% of voters.

1975 Liechtenstein referendums
Two referendums were held in Liechtenstein during 1975. The first was held on 2 March on reducing the amount of money distributed to local councils (which had been approved by a 1970 referendum) and was rejected by 56.8% of voters. The second was held on 30 November on amending article 46 of the constitution (concerning elections and composition of the Landtag) and was rejected by 50.3% of voters, a margin of 22 votes.
Kreis Angerburg
The Angerburg district was a Prussian district in East Prussia that was founded in 1818 and existed until 1945. It was located in the Masurian Lake District in Masuria. The town of Angerburg was the capital of the district.

Węgorzewo
Węgorzewo (Polish pronunciation: [vɛŋɡɔˈʐɛvɔ] ⓘ; until 1946 Polish: Węgobork; German: Angerburg) is a tourist town on the Angrapa River in northeastern Poland, within the ethnographic region of Masuria. It is the seat of Węgorzewo County in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship and is located not far from the border with Russia's Kaliningrad Oblast. Lake Mamry is close to the town.
2022 FIFA World Cup Group H
Matches in Group H of the 2022 FIFA World Cup took place from 24 November to 2 December 2022. The group consisted of Portugal, Ghana, Uruguay and South Korea. The top two teams, Portugal and South Korea, advanced to the round of 16. Uruguay exited the tournament after failing to progress the group stage for the first time since 2002, with South Korea's shock 2–1 victory over Portugal contributing to the elimination.

2010 FIFA World Cup knockout stage
The knockout stage of the 2010 FIFA World Cup was the second and final stage of the World Cup, following the group stage. It began on 26 June with the round of 16 matches, and ended on 11 July with the final match of the tournament held at Soccer City, Johannesburg, in which Spain beat the Netherlands 1–0 after extra time to claim their first World Cup. The top two teams from each group (16 in total) advanced to the knockout stage to compete in a single-elimination style tournament. A match for third place was included and played between the two losing teams of the semi-finals.

In the knockout stage (including the final), if a match was level at the end of 90 minutes, two periods of extra time (15 minutes each) would be played. If the score was still level after extra time, the match would be decided by a penalty shoot-out.

All times listed are South African Standard Time (UTC+2)
Keçikalesi
Keçikalesi is a town (belde) in the Altunhisar District, Niğde Province, Turkey. Its population is 1,703 (2022). Its distance to Altunhisar is 30 kilometres (19 mi) and to Niğde is 70 kilometres (43 mi). It was declared a seat of township in 1989.

Altunhisar
Altunhisar is a town in Niğde Province in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey. It is the seat of Altunhisar District. Its population is 3,171 (2022).

Located on the Niğde plain to the north of the Melendiz mountains, 16 km for Bor and 30 km from the city of Niğde. Altunhisar is famous for its apples. The Cypriot company Unifrutti has invested heavily in the production of these and other fruits in the district.