hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Polynomial functor
In algebra, a polynomial functor is an endofunctor on the category  of finite-dimensional vector spaces that depends polynomially on vector spaces. For example, the symmetric powers  and the exterior powers  are polynomial functors from  to ; these two are also Schur functors.

The notion appears in representation theory as well as category theory (the calculus of functors). In particular, the category of homogeneous polynomial functors of degree n is equivalent to the category of finite-dimensional representations of the symmetric group  over a field of characteristic zero.

Calculus of functors
In algebraic topology, a branch of mathematics, the calculus of functors or Goodwillie calculus is a technique for studying functors by approximating them by a sequence of simpler functors; it generalizes the sheafification of a presheaf. This sequence of approximations is formally similar to the Taylor series of a smooth function, hence the term "calculus of functors".

Many objects of central interest in algebraic topology can be seen as functors, which are difficult to analyze directly, so the idea is to replace them with simpler functors which are sufficiently good approximations for certain purposes.
The calculus of functors was developed by Thomas Goodwillie in a series of three papers in the 1990s and 2000s, and has since been expanded and applied in a number of areas.
Derrylough, County Down
Derrylough (from Irish Doire Locha, meaning 'oak-wood of the lake') is a townland of 222 acres in County Down, Northern Ireland. It is situated in the civil parish of Annaclone and the historic barony of Iveagh Upper, Upper Half. It is the most northerly townland in the parish of Annaclone.

Annaclone
Annaclone (from Irish Eanach Luain, meaning 'marsh of the haunch-like hill') is a village and civil parish between Rathfriland and Banbridge in south County Down, Northern Ireland, about 7 km south-east of Banbridge. The village is situated in the townlands of Ardbrin and Tullintanvally and both it and the civil parish are located in the historic barony of Iveagh Upper, Upper Half. It had a population of 190 people (85 households) in the 2021 census.

The geography of Annaclone is typical of much of the area around the Mourne Mountains with rolling drumlins and farmland. Nearby Corbet Lough is visited by anglers while the highest point of the parish, locally known as 'the Knock', has views of the Mourne Mountains towards the south and Slieve Croob towards the north east.
Gentisic acid
Gentisic acid is a dihydroxybenzoic acid. It is a derivative of benzoic acid and a minor (1%) product of the metabolic break down of aspirin, excreted by the kidneys.

It is also found in the African tree Alchornea cordifolia and in wine.

Hydroquinone
Hydroquinone, also known as benzene-1,4-diol or quinol, is an aromatic organic compound that is a type of phenol, a derivative of benzene, having the chemical formula C6H4(OH)2. It has two hydroxyl groups bonded to a benzene ring in a para position. It is a white granular solid. Substituted derivatives of this parent compound are also referred to as hydroquinones. The name "hydroquinone" was coined by Friedrich Wöhler in 1843.

In 2023, it was the 274th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 800,000 prescriptions.
Green Bay Southwest High School
Green Bay Southwest High School is one of four public high schools located in Green Bay, Wisconsin. Southwest High School is located at 1331 Packerland Drive. Its school colors are royal blue and silver, and their logo and mascot is the Trojan.

Wisconsin Interscholastic Athletic Association
The Wisconsin Interscholastic Athletic Association (WIAA) is the regulatory body for all high school sports in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. Its history dates to 1895, making it the earliest continually existing high school athletic organization in the country. It also provides the licensing program for more than 10,000 officials in the state, and oversees junior high or middle school athletics in about 100 of the state's nearly 400 school districts. Among its duties are the administration of state tournament series in its various sports, overseeing eligibility and conference alignment, and promoting sportsmanship.
Ljubičevo stable
44°35′51″N 21°08′43″E﻿ / ﻿44.59747°N 21.1452°E﻿ / 44.59747; 21.1452

Ljubičevo (Serbian: Љубичево) stable is the oldest equestrian facility in central Serbia, established in 1858 by the order of Miloš Obrenović. It is located on the right bank of the river Velika Morava, near Požarevac.

Požarevac
Požarevac (Serbian Cyrillic: Пожаревац, pronounced [pǒʒarevats]) is a city and the administrative centre of the Braničevo District in eastern Serbia. It is located between three rivers: Danube, Great Morava and Mlava and below the hill Čačalica (208m). As of 2022, the city has a population of 42,530 while the city administrative area has 68,648 inhabitants.
Mohanakalyani
Mohanakalyani is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is a janya rāgam (derived scale) from the 65th melakarta scale Mechakalyani. It is a janya scale, as it does not have all the seven swaras (musical notes) in the ascending scale. It is a combination of the pentatonic scale Mohanam and the Melakarta raga scale Kalyani.
This ragam can be considered as a Prati Madhyamam equivalent of Bilahari, the janya of 29th Melakartha Dheerashankarabharanam. 
The equivalent of Mohanakalyani in Hindustani music is Bhoop Kalyan or Shuddha Kalyan. Bhoop Kalyan belongs to the Kalyan thaat of Hindustani music. Similar to Mohanakalyani, Bhoop Kalyan is a combination of Bhoop and Kalyan. This rāgam is believed to be invented by Swati Tirunal Maharaja.

Arohana
Arohana, arohanam, aroh or aroha, in the context of Indian classical music, is the ascending scale of notes in a raga. The pitch increases as we go up from Shadja (Sa) to the Taar Shadja (Sa), possibly in a crooked (vakra) manner.

It contrasts with an avarohana, avarohanam or avaroha the descending scale of any raga. The notes descend in pitch from the upper tonic (taar shadja or Sa) down to the lower tonic, possibly in a crooked (vakra) manner.
Cyclocynips
Cyclocynips is a genus of oak gall wasps in the family Cynipidae. Species in this genus form galls on various Fagaceae in the Eastern Palearctic. The genus is named after its host association with oaks in the section Cyclobalanopsis.

Species are currently only known from their asexual generation, and it is unknown whether members of this genus are heterogonic.

Existing species have been reared from galls on Quercus longinux and Quercus glauca.

Gall wasp
Gall wasps, also traditionally called gallflies, or cynipids, are hymenopterans of the family Cynipidae in the wasp superfamily Cynipoidea. Their common name comes from the galls they induce on plants for larval development. About 1,300 species of cynipids are known worldwide, with about 360 species of 36 different genera in Europe and some 800 species in North America. Diplolepididae were traditionally included within the Cynipidae but have since been designated as their own family after some more recent phylogenetic studies.
Columbia Wetlands
The Columbia Wetlands is a 15,070 hectare wetland in the Columbia Valley region of southeastern British Columbia, Canada. It was designated a wetland of international importance on World Environment Day, June 5, 2005, and is the thirty-seventh such site in Canada. The wetland satisfies all the inclusion criteria of the Ramsar Convention. It is maintained by the Columbia Wetlands Wildlife Management Area (CWWMA, designated in 1996) and administered by the Canadian Wildlife Service. It is also part of the Living Lakes Network.

It is "one of the longest intact wetlands in North America", is the headwaters for the Columbia River system, and "comprises a regionally unparalleled diversity".

Part of the wetlands is protected by the Columbia Lake Ecological Reserve at the southeast end of the lake.  Columbia Lake Provincial Park is on the northeast end of the lake.

Columbia Lake Provincial Park
Columbia Lake Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, located on the northeast shore of Columbia Lake south of the town of Invermere. The park was established in 1988, comprising approximately 260 hectares (640 acres). Its boundary was expanded in 2004, the total now comprising approximately 290 hectares (720 acres), 275 hectares (680 acres) of which is upland, 15 hectares (37 acres) of which is foreshore.
Monument Draw
Monument Draw is either of two ephemeral streams that rise in New Mexico and flow into Texas. Both take their name from Monument Springs, three miles (5 km) west-northwest of Monument, New Mexico. One rises four miles (6 km) west of Monument Springs and flows generally south into the Pecos River. The other rises 11 miles (18 km) east of Monument Springs and south of Hobbs, New Mexico, and flows generally east-southeast to join with Seminole Draw to form Mustang Draw, which then flows generally south to then form Beals Creek, which ultimately flows into the Colorado River of Texas.

Colorado River (Texas)
The Colorado River is an approximately 862-mile-long (1,387 km) river in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the 11th longest river in the United States and the longest river with both its source and its mouth within Texas.

Its drainage basin and some of its usually dry tributaries extend into New Mexico. It flows generally southeast from Dawson County through Ballinger, Marble Falls, Lago Vista, Austin, Bastrop, Smithville, La Grange, Columbus, Wharton, and Bay City, before emptying into the Gulf of Mexico at Matagorda Bay.
2024 Keio Challenger
The 2024 Yokohama Keio Challenger by Mita Kosan was a professional tennis tournament played on hardcourts. It was the 17th (men's) and 7th (women's) editions of the tournament and part of the 2024 ATP Challenger Tour and the 2024 ITF Women's World Tennis Tour. It took place in Yokohama, Japan between 18 November and 1 December 2024.

2024 ATP Challenger Tour
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour in 2024 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2024 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 207 tournaments with prize money ranging from $41,000 up to $225,500. It was the 47th edition of Challenger tournaments cycle and 16th under the name of Challenger Tour.
1989 Queensland Open
The 1989 Queensland Open, also known by its sponsored name the Commonwealth Bank Queensland Open, was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the Milton Courts in Brisbane, Australia and was part of the 1989 Nabisco Grand Prix. It was the 87th edition of the tournament and was held from 2 October until 8 October 1989. Unseeded Niclas Kroon won the singles title.

1989 Grand Prix (tennis)
The 1989 Nabisco Grand Prix was the only tennis circuit for male players held that year. It incorporated the four Grand Slam tournaments, one World Championship Tennis tournament and the Grand Prix tournaments.
Todd Staples
Douglas Todd Staples (born August 24, 1963) is the President of the Texas Oil & Gas Association, the oldest and largest oil and gas trade association in Texas representing all facets of the industry including production, pipelines, refineries and export facilities. Staples is the former two-term Texas Commissioner of Agriculture and served in the Texas Senate and House of Representatives for 12 years. He unsuccessfully ran for the Republican nomination for lieutenant governor in 2014.

Anderson County, Texas
Anderson County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. Located within East Texas, its county seat is Palestine. As of the 2020 United States census, the population of Anderson County was 57,922. Anderson County comprises the Palestine micropolitan statistical area. Anderson County was organized in 1846, and was named after Kenneth Lewis Anderson (1805–1845), the last vice president of the Republic of Texas.
Easter Sunday Massacre
The Easter Sunday Massacre occurred on Easter Sunday, March 30, 1975, when 41-year-old James U. Ruppert fatally shot eleven members of his own family in his mother's house at 635 Minor Avenue in Hamilton, Ohio.

Ruppert was tried and found guilty on two counts of aggravated murder, but not guilty on the other nine counts by reason of insanity. He received two life sentences, to be served consecutively at Allen Correctional Institution in Lima, and the Southern Ohio Correctional Facility in Lucasville. He was moved to Franklin Medical Center in Columbus in 2019 because of his declining health.

Ruppert died from natural causes on June 4, 2022, while incarcerated at the Franklin Medical Center. He was 88 years old at the time of his death.

.22 long rifle
The .22 Long Rifle, also known as the .22 LR or 5.7×15mmR, is a long-established variety of .22 caliber rimfire ammunition originating from the United States. It is used in a wide range of firearms including rifles, pistols, revolvers and submachine guns.  It is a well-established small game round, but is not typically used for hunting larger game as it lacks the necessary stopping power.

In terms of quantities sold, the .22 Long Rifle is by far the most common ammunition that is currently manufactured and sold in the world. Common uses include hunting and shooting sports. Ammunition produced in .22 Long Rifle is effective at short ranges, has little recoil, and is inexpensive to purchase, making it ideal for plinking and marksmanship training.
Healy (crater)
Healy is a lunar impact crater that lies past the northwestern limb of the Moon, on the far side relative to the Earth. It is located to the southeast of the walled plain Landau, and west of Lorentz, another walled plain. The rim of Healy is only slightly worn, but a small crater lies across the northeastern side. The inner walls and interior floor are relatively featureless, with no impacts of note.

Landau (crater)
Landau is a large lunar impact crater that is located in the northern hemisphere on the far side of the Moon. It was named after physicist Lev Landau. The crater Wegener is attached to the northeastern rim. Attached to the southeastern rim is Frost.

The outer rim of Landau is heavily eroded and modified by subsequent impacts. The most notable of these is Wood, which overlays the northwest rim. Much of the floor is hilly and irregular, with only the northeast quadrant being somewhat level. There are multiple small craters and craterlets in the floor. The most intact section of the rim is in the southwest, although this is now little more than a low ridge line.

Prior to formal naming by the IAU in 1970, Landau was called Crater 97.

Landau lies at the approximate margin of the Coulomb-Sarton Basin, a 530 km wide impact crater of Pre-Nectarian age.
Yanliao Biota
The Yanliao Biota is the name given to an assembly of fossils preserved in northeastern China from the Middle to Late Jurassic. It includes fossils from the Tiaojishan Formation and Haifanggou Formation. This spans approximately 165 to 150 million years ago.

Like the Jehol Biota, these deposits are composed of alternating layers of volcanic tuff and sediment, and are considered Lagerstätte. These are some of the best preserved Jurassic fossils in the world, and include many important dinosaur, mammal, salamander, insect and lizard specimens, as well as plants.

Scansoriopteryx
Scansoriopteryx ("climbing wing") is a genus of maniraptoran dinosaur. Described from only a single juvenile fossil specimen found in Liaoning, China, Scansoriopteryx is a sparrow-sized animal that shows adaptations in the foot indicating an arboreal (tree-dwelling) lifestyle. It possessed an unusual, elongated third finger which may have supported a membranous wing, much like the related Yi qi. The type specimen of Scansoriopteryx also contains the fossilized impression of feathers.

Most researchers regard this genus as a synonym of Epidendrosaurus, with some preferring to treat Scansoriopteryx as the junior synonym, though it was the first name to be validly published.
Île aux Cygnes
Île aux Cygnes (French: [il o siɲ]; English: Isle of the Swans) is a small artificial island on the river Seine in Paris, France, in the 15th arrondissement. It was created in 1827 to protect the bridge named the Pont de Grenelle. It should not be confused with an earlier Île des Cygnes that was attached to the Champ de Mars in the late 18th century.

The uninhabited island is 850 metres (2,789 ft) long and 11 metres (36 ft) at its widest point, making it the third-largest island in Paris. A tree-lined walkway, named L'Allée des Cygnes (Path of Swans), runs the length of the island. Since 2012, there has been a public workout space with bicycles and a climbing wall underneath the Pont de Grenelle, close to a Statue of Liberty replica.

The island is crossed by three bridges: the Pont de Grenelle, the Pont Rouelle and the Pont de Bir-Hakeim. It is served by the Passy and Bir-Hakeim Métro stations.

Île des Cygnes (former island)
The Île des Cygnes or Île Maquerelle was an island on the river Seine in Paris. It was in the northwest part of the 7th arrondissement, between the Rue de l'Université and the Seine, the Invalides and the Champ de Mars. The current-day Musée du Quai Branly is located on it.

It was formed by the merger of the islets known as île des Treilles, île aux Vaches, île Maquerelle, île de Jérusalem and île de Longchamp, and was merged into the rive gauche of the Seine at the end of the 18th century.
USS YMS-50
USS YMS-50 was a United States Navy YMS-1-class auxiliary motor minesweeper during World War II. Laid down on 16 July 1941 at Wheeler Shipbuilding Corp., Whitestone, Long Island, New York, she was launched on 6 June 1942 and commissioned on 3 August. Assigned to the South West Pacific Area, she was damaged by a dive bomber while covering the landings during the battle of Arawe, New Britain on 17 December 1943. Later while covering the landings during the battle of Balikpapan, Borneo she struck a mine on 18 June 1945 at 01°18′S 116°49′E﻿ / ﻿1.300°S 116.817°E﻿ / -1.300; 116.817 and was scuttled by the light cruiser Denver.

YMS-1-class minesweeper
The YMS-1 class of auxiliary motor minesweepers was established with the laying down of YMS-1 on 4 March 1941. Some were later transferred to the United Kingdom as part of the World War II Lend-Lease pact between the two nations. One ship eventually made its way into the Royal Canadian Navy postwar.
Index of Japan-related articles (U–V)
This page lists Japan-related articles with romanized titles beginning with the letters U and V. For names of people, please list by surname (i.e., "Tarō Yamada" should be listed under "Y", not "T"). Please also ignore particles (e.g. "a", "an", "the") when listing articles (i.e., "A City with No People" should be listed under "City").

Ueda, Nagano
Ueda (上田市, Ueda-shi) is a city located in Nagano Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 April 2019, the city had an estimated population of 157,480 in 67,783 households, and a population density of 290 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 552.04 square kilometres (213.14 sq mi), which makes it the fifth largest city in Nagano Prefecture in terms of area.
Darul uloom
Darul uloom (/ˈdærʊl ʊˈluːm/; Arabic: دار العلوم, romanized: dār al-ʿulūm; lit. 'house of knowledge') is an Arabic term that generally refers to an Islamic seminary or educational institution – similar to or often the same as a madrassa or Islamic school – although a darul uloom often indicates a more advanced level of study. In a darul uloom, Islamic subjects are studied by students, who are known as talaba or ṭālib.

Talibe
A talibé (also spelled talibe, plural talibés; Arabic: طالب, romanized: ṭālib, lit. 'seeker', 'student'; pl. طلاب ṭullāb) is a boy, usually from Senegal, the Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Chad, Mali or Mauritania, who studies the Quran at a daara (West African equivalent of madrasa). This education is guided by a teacher known as a marabout.  In most cases talibés leave their parents to stay in the daara.

Within Senegal, the term talibé can be used in a wider context, “for instance to denote a militant adherent of a political party.”
Pyrazofurin
Pyrazofurin (pyrazomycin) is a natural product found in Streptomyces candidus, which is a nucleoside analogue related to ribavirin. It has antibiotic, antiviral and anti-cancer properties but was not successful in human clinical trials due to severe side effects. Nevertheless, it continues to be the subject of ongoing research as a potential drug of last resort, or a template for improved synthetic derivatives.

Antiviral drug
Antiviral drugs are a class of medication used for treating viral infections. Most antivirals target specific viruses, while a broad-spectrum antiviral is effective against a wide range of viruses. Antiviral drugs are a class of antimicrobials, a larger group which also includes antibiotic (also termed antibacterial), antifungal and antiparasitic drugs, or antiviral drugs based on monoclonal antibodies. Most antivirals are considered relatively harmless to the host, and therefore can be used to treat infections. They should be distinguished from virucides, which are not medication but deactivate or destroy virus particles, either inside or outside the body. Natural virucides are produced by some plants such as eucalyptus and Australian tea trees.
Bruce Gaitsch
Bruce R. Gaitsch (/ɡaɪtʃ/ GYCHE; born February 7, 1953) is an American guitarist, composer, and producer. He is best known for working with notable bands and musicians such as Chicago, Peter Cetera, Richard Marx, Madonna, and Agnetha Fältskog as a session musician and songwriter. Gaitsch co-wrote the Madonna song "La Isla Bonita", an international #1 single that earned Gaitsch an award from the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers in 1987. He has collaborated numerous times with fellow Chicago native Richard Marx, whose career he was instrumental in launching.

Bruce is married to singer Janey Clewer, with whom he recorded several albums.

Beth Nielsen Chapman
Beth Nielsen Chapman (born September 14, 1958) is an American singer and songwriter who has written hits for country and pop music performers. She was inducted into the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2016. She is a two-time Grammy Award and an ACM Award nominee and won the Country Music Association Award for Song of the Year in 1999 for writing Faith Hill's "This Kiss".
Viðvík
Viðvík is a farm in Viðvíkursveit on the eastern side of Skagafjörður, Iceland right at the opening of Hjaltadalur valley, and south of Hjaltadalsá river. It was home the area's manor in past centuries.

Hjaltadalsá
Hjaltadalsá is a river in Hjaltadalur valley in Skagafjörður, Iceland. It originates from Hjaltadalsjökull glacier and runs the full length of the valley, before many tributaries and lakes flow into it. Further down the river there are lots of rapids and small waterfalls and the current is strong and rough in many places. A little past the town of Sleitustaðir, the Hjaltadalsá and Kolka rivers run together. The river is known as Kolka from that point until it reaches the ocean. Hjaltadalsá often contains outwash, but Kolka has much more of it, which results in a significant color difference where the rivers converge.

Hjaltadalsá is a fishing river (as is Kolka). There is fishing for arctic char in particular, and sometimes salmon. The Reykjavík Fishing Club manages the river, and it is possible to buy a fishing permit.