hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tamara Abaeva
Tamara Grigorievna Abaeva (Russian: Тамара Григорьевна Абаева; born 17 July 1927) was a Soviet Uzbek and Tajik historian, specializing in oriental studies. She was born in Khiva and studied at the National University of Uzbekistan in Tashkent (then known as SAGU (САГУ)). In 1961, she obtained her doctorate in history with a dissertation titled Essays on the history of Badakhshan. She was an employee of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR. She contributed to numerous historical works, her specialization being the history of the Pamir-Hindukush region of Afghanistan and that of Badakhshan.

Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan
The Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan (Uzbek: Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi Fanlar akademiyasi, Ўзбекистон Республикаси Фанлар академияси) is the main scientific organization of the Republic of Uzbekistan. It coordinates research in all areas of science and technology.

The academy was established in 1943 as the Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR. The Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR was acclaimed for its high-quality research, playing an important role in Soviet science. After the collapse of the USSR, it became the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan.
Pierre Roger (swimmer)
Pierre Roger (born 8 December 1983 in La Flèche, Sarthe) is a backstroke swimmer from France, who won the bronze medal in the men's individual 100 metres backstroke event at the 2002 European Championships in Berlin, Germany. He represented his native country at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece.

La Flèche
La Flèche (French pronunciation: [la flɛʃ] ⓘ) is a town and commune in the French department of Sarthe, in the Pays de la Loire region in the Loire Valley. It is the sub-prefecture of the South-Sarthe, the chief district and the chief city of a canton, and the second most populous city of the department. The city is part of the community of communes of the Pays La Flèche. The inhabitants of the town are called Fléchois.

The Prytanée National Militaire is located in La Flèche.
21873 Jindřichůvhradec
21873 Jindřichůvhradec (provisional designation 1999 UU3) is a dark Hygiean asteroid and relatively slower-than average rotator from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 8 kilometers (5.0 miles) in diameter.

It was discovered by Czech astronomers Jana Tichá and Miloš Tichý at the South Bohemian Kleť Observatory on 29 October 1999, and named for the Czech town of Jindřichův Hradec.

Kleť Observatory
Kleť Observatory (Czech: Hvězdárna Kleť; obs. code: 046) is an astronomical observatory in the Czech Republic. It is situated in South Bohemia, south of the summit of Mount Kleť, near the town of České Budějovice. Constructed in 1957, the observatory is at an altitude of 1,070 metres (3,510 ft) and has around 150 clear nights per year.
Women in positions of power
Women in positions of power are women who hold an occupation that gives them great authority, influence, and/or responsibility in government or in businesses.  Historically, power has been distributed unequally. Power and powerful positions have most often been associated with men as opposed to women. As gender equality increases, men still hold more power, including in politics and athletics.

Accurate and proportional representation of women in social systems has been shown to be important to the long-lasting success of the human race and existence.

Power (social and political)
In political science, power is the ability to influence or direct the actions, beliefs, or conduct of actors. Power does not exclusively refer to the threat or use of force (coercion) by one actor against another, but may also be exerted through diffuse means (such as institutions).

Power may also take structural forms, as it orders actors in relation to one another (such as distinguishing between a master and an enslaved person, a householder and their relatives, an employer and their employees, a parent and a child, a political representative and their voters, etc.), and discursive forms, as categories and language may lend legitimacy to some behaviors and groups over others. The term authority is often used for power that is perceived as legitimate or socially approved by the social structure. Scholars have distinguished between soft power and hard power.
Law of the Republic of Ireland
The law of Ireland consists of constitutional, statutory, and common law. The highest law in the State is the Constitution of Ireland, from which all other law derives its authority. The Republic has a common-law legal system with a written constitution that provides for a parliamentary democracy based on the British parliamentary system, albeit with a popularly elected president, a separation of powers, a developed system of constitutional rights and judicial review of primary legislation.

Separation of powers
The separation of powers principle functionally differentiates several types of state power (usually legislation, adjudication, and execution) and requires these operations of government to be conceptually and institutionally distinct and clearly articulated, thereby maintaining the integrity of each branch. To put this model into practice, government is divided into structurally independent branches to perform various functions (most often a legislature, a judiciary and an administration, sometimes known as the trias politica). When each function is allocated strictly to one branch, a government is described as having a high degree of separation; whereas, when one person or branch plays a significant part in the exercise of more than one function, this represents a fusion of powers. When one branch holds unlimited state power and delegates its powers to other organs as it sees fit, as is the case in communist states, that is called unified power.
Provinces of Eritrea
The provinces of Eritrea existed since pre-Axumite times and became administrative provinces from Eritrea's incorporation as a colony of Italy until the conversion of the provinces into administrative regions. Many of the provinces had their own local laws since the 13th century.

Anseba region
Anseba region (Tigrinya: ዞባ ዓንሰባ, Arabic: إقليم عنسبا) is an administrative region of Eritrea, located in northern Eritrea. The capital and the most populous city in the region is Keren. The region is named after Anseba River, which passed through most parts of the region. The average elevation in the region is around 1,800 m (5,900 ft) to 2,100 m (6,900 ft). The hottest month is May recording temperatures up to 30 °C (86 °F), while the coldest month is December to February when it reaches freezing temperature. The region received around 508 mm (20.0 in) of rainfall and the soil is conducive for agriculture.

As of 2005, the region had a population of 549,000 compared to a population of 484,200 in 2001. The net growth rate was 11.80 per cent. The total area of the province was 23200.00 km2 and the density was 23.66 persons per km2.
2018–19 Women's Feldhockey-Bundesliga
The 2018–19 Bundesliga was the 74th season of the Bundesliga, Germany's premier field hockey league. It began on 1 September 2018 and it concluded with the championship final on 19 May 2019 in Krefeld.

Club an der Alster were the defending champions.

Der Club an der Alster
Der Club an der Alster is a field hockey and tennis club located in Hamburg, Germany.

The men's team have won seven Bundesliga titles, with the most recent one being won in the 2010–11 season. The women's team won their first Bundesliga title in the 2017–18 season.
Henri-François Rey
Henri-François Rey (July 31, 1919 in Toulouse – July 22, 1987 in Paris) was a French writer, dramaturge and screenwriter. His book La Fête espagnole (The Spanish party) won the 1959 Prix des Deux Magots. His best-known work, Les Pianos mécaniques (Mechanical pianos) won the Interallié prize in 1962, and was adapted to film by Juan Antonio Bardem in 1965 as The Uninhibited.

Juan Antonio Bardem
Juan Antonio Bardem Muñoz (2 June 1922 – 30 October 2002) was a Spanish film director and screenwriter, born in Madrid. Bardem was best known for Muerte de un ciclista (1955) which won the FIPRESCI Prize at the 1955 Cannes Film Festival, and El puente (1977) which won the Golden Prize at the 10th Moscow International Film Festival. His 1979 film Seven Days in January won the Golden Prize at the 11th Moscow International Film Festival.

In 1953, he and Luis García Berlanga founded a film magazine, Objetivo, which existed until 1956. He was a member of the Communist Party.

During the Franco dictatorship, Bardem was imprisoned by the Spanish State due to the anti-fascist nature of his films.

In 1981, he was a member of the jury at the 12th Moscow International Film Festival. In 1993, he was a member of the jury at the 43rd Berlin International Film Festival.  Bardem was the father of director Miguel Bardem and uncle of actor Javier Bardem. Bardem died in Madrid in 2002, at age 80.
Diogenes (Macedonian commander)
Diogenes was the Macedonian commander of the Antigonid garrison in Piraeus in the third quarter of the third century BC.

In 229 BC, he abandoned the garrison and returned Piraeus to the Athenians in exchange for a payment of 150 talents, making Athens free from foreign military occupation for the first time in 65 years.

He was honoured extensively for this action, as a "benefactor" (euergetes) of the city. A festival, the Diogeneia (Διογένεια), and a gymnasium, the Diogeneion (Διογένειον), were set up in his honor. One of the thrones in the Theater of Dionysos was reserved for him and a dipinto painted on an early Roman amphora may record a priest dedicated to a hero cult for him.

Gymnasium (ancient Greece)
The gymnasium (Ancient Greek: γυμνάσιον, romanized: gymnásion) in Ancient Greece functioned as a training facility for competitors in public games. It was also a place for socializing and engaging in intellectual pursuits. The name comes from the Ancient Greek term gymnós, meaning "naked" or "nude". Only adult male citizens were allowed to use the gymnasia.

Athletes competed nude, a practice which was said to encourage aesthetic appreciation of the male body, and to be a tribute to the gods. Gymnasia and palaestrae (wrestling schools) were under the protection and patronage of Heracles, Hermes and, in Athens, Theseus.
Chest Fever
"Chest Fever" is a song recorded by the Band on its 1968 debut, Music from Big Pink. It is, according to Peter Viney, a historian of the group, the album track that has appeared on the most subsequent live albums and compilations, second only to "The Weight".

At the Woodstock Festival in 1969, the Band performed on the final day, between Ten Years After and Blood, Sweat, and Tears. They opened the set with the song.

Ten Years After
Ten Years After is an English blues rock group formed in Nottingham in 1966. They had eight consecutive albums in the Top 40 on the UK Albums Chart between 1968 and 1973. They also had twelve albums enter the US Billboard 200. The band are best known for tracks such as "I'm Going Home", "Hear Me Calling", "I'd Love to Change the World" and "Love Like a Man".
Elinor Leigh
Elinor Leigh was a British stage actor of the seventeenth century.

Born Elinor Dixon, she was billed as Mrs Leigh or Mrs Lee after she married the actor Anthony Leigh in 1671. This has led to some difficulty distinguishing on playbills between her and the actress Mary Slingsby who also acted under her married name of Lee at the time. In addition another actress with the name Elizabeth Leigh was also active during the period.

She was a member of the Duke's Company in the 1670s which was then merged into the United Company from 1682, acting mainly at Drury Lane. Her husband died in 1692, and in 1695 she joined those who left to form a new company under Thomas Betterton at the Lincoln's Inn Fields Theatre

Duke's Company
The Duke's Company was a theatre company chartered by King Charles II at the start of the Restoration era, 1660. Sir William Davenant was manager of the company under the patronage of Prince James, Duke of York. During that period, theatres began to flourish again after they had been closed from the restrictions throughout the English Civil War and the Interregnum. The Duke's Company existed from 1660 to 1682, when it merged with the King's Company to form the United Company.
Hartford (village), Vermont
Hartford is one of five unincorporated villages in the town of Hartford, Windsor County, Vermont, United States. For the 2020 census it was listed as the Hartford Village census-designated place, with a population of 754, out of 10,686 in the entire town of Hartford.

Hartford is the birthplace of Horace Wells, the first dentist to use nitrous oxide or "laughing gas" as anesthesia.

Horace Wells
Horace Wells (January 21, 1815 – January 24, 1848) was an American dentist who pioneered the use of anesthesia in medicine, specifically the use of nitrous oxide (or laughing gas). Although he was urged to patent his discovery, he never did, believing that freedom from pain should be "as free as the air we breathe."

Wells's groundbreaking discovery revolutionized pain management in both medical and dental procedures, marking a pivotal moment in the history of surgery and transforming it from a traumatic, painful ordeal to a more humane and tolerable practice.
Verkhovna Rada of Crimea
Verkhovna Rada of Crimea or the Supreme Council of Crimea, officially the Supreme Council of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, was the Ukrainian legislative body for the Autonomous Republic of Crimea before the annexation of Crimea by Russia in 2014.

The last election of parliament took place on 31 October 2010 (see 2010 Crimean parliamentary election) and was won by the Party of Regions and the Communist Party of Ukraine.

On 27 February 2014, unidentified armed men took over the parliament and hoisted the flag of Russia over it. On 15 March 2014 the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine officially dissolved the parliament. On 17 March 2014, one day before the Russian annexation of Crimea, the State Council of Crimea was established in place of the Verkhovna Rada of Crimea.

Vladimir Druzhynin
Vladimir Nikolaevich Druzhinin (Russian: Владимир Николаевич Дружинин; 25 December 1907, in Moscow – 20 August 1976, in Kyiv) was a Soviet state and party leader, a Hero of the Soviet Union during World War II and an active participant in the partisan movement in Ukraine through the Chernihiv Commissioner-Volyn. In February 1940, Druzhinin was elected second secretary of the Communist Party's Ternopil oblast committee, a post in which he served until July 1941. By a Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated 4 January 1944, for organizing a guerrilla movement behind enemy lines against the Nazis, Druzhinin was named a Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and Gold Star number 2884.
Yō Takeyama
Hiroshi Takeyama (Yō Takeyama (竹山 洋, Takeyama Yō); July 28, 1946 – April 12, 2023) was a Japanese screenwriter. Besides his work for television, he is best known for his screenplays for Hotaru (2001) and Shijushichinin no shikaku, Kon Ichikawa's 1994 version of the Forty-seven rōnin story. Both of these were nominated but did not win the Award of the Japanese Academy for "Best Screenplay".

Agency for Cultural Affairs
The Agency for Cultural Affairs (Japanese: 文化庁, Hepburn: Bunka-chō) is a special body of the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT). It was set up in 1968 to promote Japanese arts and culture.

The agency's budget for FY 2018 rose to ¥107.7 billion.
Miami Beach Resort and Spa
The Miami Beach Resort and Spa is a historic resort hotel opened in 1963 as the Doral Hotel On-The-Ocean and closed in 2019. It is located on the famous Millionaire's Row at 4833 Collins Avenue in Miami Beach, Florida.

Millionaires' Mile
The Millionaires' Mile, Millionaires' Row, Billionaires' Row, Golden Mile or Alpha Street are the exclusive residential neighborhoods of various cities, often along one scenic strip such as a riverside or hilltop drive, or a wide city boulevard.
Anke Reschwam Schulze
Anke Reschwam Schulze (born 8 December 1972) is a German cross-country skier who has competed since 1992. Competing in two Winter Olympics, she finished fifth in the 4 × 5 km relay at Nagano in 1998 and had her best individual finish of tenth in the sprint event at Salt Lake City in 2002.

Schulze's best finish at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships was seventh in the 5 km + 10 km combined pursuit at Trondheim in 1997. Her best World Cup finish was eighth in a 10 km event in Japan in 1997.

Schulze earned four individual victories at lesser events up to 10 km from 1997 to 2004.

FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 1997
The FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 1997 took place from February 21 to March 2 at Granåsen Ski Centre in Trondheim, Norway. This event was the first time in consecutive championships that the number or type of events did not change since 1966 and 1970. It also was historical with Russia's Yelena Välbe winning gold in all five women's cross country events, the first person of either sex to do that honor. Norway's Bjørn Dæhlie became the first man to win five medals in five cross country events.
Pseudobombax septenatum
Pseudobombax septenatum is of the family Malvaceae, commonly known as Algodón de río, beldaco, ceibo barrigón, majagua colorada or barrigon. It is a deciduous tree up to 80 feet (24 meters) in height which grows in semi-deciduous rainforest with a definite dry season. It is found from Nicaragua to Brazil. Its flowers are cream-colored and like those of Ceiba spp., in forming a roundish cluster of stamens on a stalk surrounding the pistel, in this instance up to one thousand stamens in number.  The leaves generally have seven smooth-edged narrowly oblong leaflets. It was originally named Pachira barrigon, and later Bombax barrigon. It has the bright green lines running through the bark that is also seen in Ceiba spp.

It was first described in 1760 by the Dutch scientist Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin as Bombax septenatum.  The current name is from Armando Dugand in 1943.

Armando Dugand
Armando Dugand (July 23, 1906 – 1971) was a Colombian botanist, geobotanist, and ornithologist.

Dugand's father, François Victor (or Francisco Víctor) Dugand, was a successful French banker; his mother was Reyes Geneco (or Gnecco) Coronado. Dugand was educated in France and in the United States (at Albany Business College). In 1927 he married Sara Roncallo.

In 1940 he co-founded the scientific journal Caldasia. He also founded two other scientific journals: Mutisia (Acta Botanica Colombiana) and Lozania (Acta Zoologica Colombiana).

He was director of the Institute of Natural Sciences of the National University of Colombia from 1940 to 1953.

Dugand is commemorated in the scientific names of two snakes, Trilepida dugandi  and Scaphiodontophis annulatus dugandi.
Continuous testing
Continuous testing is the process of executing automated tests as part of the software delivery pipeline to obtain immediate feedback on the business risks associated with a software release candidate. Continuous testing was originally proposed as a way of reducing waiting time for feedback to developers by introducing development environment-triggered tests as well as more traditional developer/tester-triggered tests.

For Continuous testing, the scope of testing extends from validating bottom-up requirements or user stories to assessing the system requirements associated with overarching business goals.

System requirements
To be used efficiently, all computer software needs certain hardware components or other software resources to be present on a computer. These prerequisites are known as (computer) system requirements and are often used as a guideline as opposed to an absolute rule. Most software defines two sets of system requirements: minimum and recommended. With increasing demand for higher processing power and resources in newer versions of software, system requirements tend to increase over time. Industry analysts suggest that this trend plays a bigger part in driving upgrades to existing computer systems than technological advancements.  A second meaning of the term system requirements, is a generalisation of this first definition, giving the requirements to be met in the design of a system or sub-system.
Fred Randall
Fred G. Randall (January 25, 1931 – July 5, 2002) was a construction worker, trade union official and political figure in British Columbia, Canada. He represented Burnaby-Edmonds in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia from 1991 to 2001 as a New Democratic Party (NDP) member.

He was born in Vancouver, British Columbia. Randall was business representative and then chief executive officer for the International Union of Operating Engineers, Local 115. He was a city councillor for Burnaby City Council. Randall served on the board of governors for the British Columbia Institute of Technology. During his time in the provincial assembly, he was parliamentary secretary to several provincial cabinet ministers. Randall did not run for reelection in 2001. He died the following year of leukaemia. The aquatic hall at the Edmonds Community Centre in Burnaby has been named in his honour and is called Fred Randall Pool.

International Union of Operating Engineers
The International Union of Operating Engineers (IUOE) is a trade union within the United States–based AFL–CIO representing primarily construction workers who work as heavy equipment operators, mechanics, surveyors, and stationary engineers (also called operating engineers or power engineers) who maintain heating and other systems in buildings and industrial complexes, in the United States and Canada.

Founded in 1896, it currently represents roughly 400,000 workers in approximately 123 local unions and operates nearly 100 apprenticeship programs.
Luc Evans
Iwan Luc Evans (born 13 June 1971) is a Welsh former rugby union international.

Raised in the Rhondda Valley, Evans was a utility back who played most often in the position of fullback. He was on the Wales squad for the 1991 tour of Australia and played one tour match, before earning his only Test cap as a substitute against France in the 1991 Five Nations, to replace injured winger Ieuan Evans with five minutes remaining. During his career, Evans played for Treorchy, Bridgend, Llanelli and Swansea, before retiring aged 26 to study medicine.

Evans later become a dentist in Newcastle, New South Wales, after emigrating to Australia in 2007.

Llanelli RFC
Llanelli Rugby Football Club (Welsh: Clwb Rygbi Llanelli) was a Welsh rugby union club founded on 30 March 1872.

The club's historic home ground was Stradey Park in Llanelli, but they moved in 2008 to the new Parc y Scarlets in adjacent Pemberton. The club song is "Sosban Fach", a Welsh song meaning "Little Saucepan", which is sometimes sung by the club's fans during matches as the club anthem. The team colours are scarlet and white.

Following the 2003 regionalisation of Welsh rugby, Llanelli became a feeder club to the Scarlets regional team. Following the 2022-23 season, the club was disbanded.
Chak Sikandar railway station
Chak Sikandar station, with the station code CSR, is a railway station in the Sonpur railway division of East Central Railway. Chak Sikandar station is located at Bidupur block, within Vaishali district in the Indian state of Bihar. The station is elevated 53 meters above sea level, and contains two platforms. The Barauni–Gorakhpur, Raxaul, and Jainagar lines use Chak Sikandar Station.

Vaishali district
Vaishali district is a district in the Indian state of Bihar. It is a part of Tirhut division. Vaishali is known for being the birthplace of Mahavira of the Jain religion. Hajipur, its largest city and district headquarters, is known for its banana forest. The district is connected via the NH-77 and NH-322 highways, Gandhi Setu and Jay Prakash Setu (JP Setu) Bridges over(Holy) Ganga River which connect the state capital Patna, the division headquarters Muzaffarpur, and the eastward district Samastipur.