hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
History of knot theory
Knots have been used for basic purposes such as recording information, fastening and tying objects together, for thousands of years. The early significant stimulus in knot theory would arrive later with Sir William Thomson (Lord Kelvin) and his vortex theory of the atom.

Edward Witten
Edward Witten (born August 26, 1951) is an American theoretical physicist known for his contributions to string theory, topological quantum field theory, and various areas of mathematics. He is a professor emeritus in the school of natural sciences at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton. Witten is a researcher in string theory, quantum gravity, supersymmetric quantum field theories, and other areas of mathematical physics. Witten's work has also significantly impacted pure mathematics. In 1990, he became the first physicist to be awarded a Fields Medal by the International Mathematical Union, for his mathematical insights in physics, such as his 1981 proof of the positive energy theorem in general relativity, and his interpretation of the Jones invariants of knots as Feynman integrals. He is considered the practical founder of M-theory.
Sione Katoa (rugby league, born 1995)
Sione Katoa (born 26 January 1995) is a Tonga international rugby league footballer who last played for the Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs in the NRL.

He previously played for the Penrith Panthers in the National Rugby League.

NSW Cup
The NSW Cup, currently known as the Knock-On Effect NSW Cup for sponsorship reasons, is a rugby league competition for clubs in New South Wales. The competition has a history dating back to the NSWRFL's origins in 1908, starting off as a reserve grade competition, and is now the premier open age competition in the state. The New South Wales Cup, along with the Queensland Cup, acts as a feeder competition to the National Rugby League premiership. The competition is the oldest continuous rugby league competition in Australia.

The NSW Cup is contested by reserve squads of NSW-based NRL teams and also includes sides representing teams that once competed at the first grade level in the NSWRL Premiership but no longer field teams in the NRL competition, and teams that have not fielded teams in the NRL competition. The North Sydney Bears are the only team to have competed in every season, since the start of the competition since 1908.
Isoberlinia
Isoberlinia is a genus in the family Fabaceae of five species of tree native to the hotter parts of tropical Africa. They are an important component of miombo woodlands. The leaves have three or four pairs of large leaflets and stout seed pods.

Some former species in this genus were transferred to the genus Julbernardia.

Julbernardia
Julbernardia is a genus of plants in the family Fabaceae. It includes ten species native to tropical Africa, ranging from Nigeria to Kenya, Mozambique, Botswana, Zambia and Namibia. They are medium-sized trees.

Species accepted by the Plants of the World Online as of September 2023:

Julbernardia brieyi (De Wild.) Troupin

Julbernardia globiflora (Benth.) Troupin

Julbernardia gossweileri (Baker f.) Torre & Hillc.

Julbernardia hochreutineri Pellegr.

Julbernardia letouzeyi Villiers

Julbernardia magnistipulata (Harms) Troupin

Julbernardia paniculata (Benth.) Troupin

Julbernardia pellegriniana Troupin

Julbernardia seretii (De Wild.) Troupin

Julbernardia unijugata J.Léonard
Electoral district of Belmont (Queensland)
Belmont was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Queensland from 1960 to 1977.

First created for the 1960 state election, the district was based in the south-eastern suburbs of Brisbane, taking in areas previously belonging to the districts of Bulimba, Mount Gravatt and Wynnum. Typically a Labor seat, the district fell to the Liberal Party at the Coalition landslide election of 1974.

Belmont was abolished ahead of 1977 state election and largely absorbed into the neighbouring district of Chatsworth.

Electoral district of Mount Gravatt
Mount Gravatt was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Queensland from 1950 to 2009.

The district was based in the southern suburbs of Brisbane. Prior to its abolition, it included the suburbs of Mount Gravatt, Mount Gravatt East, Eight Mile Plains, Robertson and Sunnybank.

In 2008, Mount Gravatt was abolished—with effect at the 2009 state election—as a result of the redistribution undertaken by the Electoral Commission of Queensland. Its former territory and voters were divided between the districts of Chatsworth, Greenslopes, Mansfield, Yeerongpilly and the new seat of Sunnybank.
Fire Season
Fire Season is a 2012 young adult science fiction novel by American authors David Weber and Jane Lindskold. Set in the fictional Honorverse, it is the second book in the prequel Stephanie Harrington series, part of the multi-part Honor Harrington series. It is a sequel to the 2011 A Beautiful Friendship by Weber.

Stephanie Harrington is an ancestor of the main series character Honor Harrington.

A Beautiful Friendship (novel)
A Beautiful Friendship is a 2011 young adult science fiction novel by American author David Weber. Set in the fictional Honorverse, the book serves as a prequel to the main Honor Harrington series, which takes place hundreds of years later in the fictional timeline.

It features Stephanie Harrington, an ancestor of the main character Honor Harrington who has been mentioned a number of times. The book is in fact based on a short story of the same name first published in 1998 as part of the anthology More Than Honor.
Renty
Renty (French pronunciation: [ʁɑ̃ti]; West Flemish: Renteke) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France about 13 miles (21 km) southwest of Saint-Omer, by the banks of the river Aa.

Saint-Omer
Saint-Omer (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃t‿omɛʁ] ⓘ; West Flemish: Sint-Omaars; Picard: Saint-Onmé) is a commune and sub-prefecture of the Pas-de-Calais department in France.

It is 68 km (42 mi) west-northwest of Lille on the railway to Calais, and is located in the Artois province. The town is named after Saint Audomar, who brought Christianity to the area.

The canalised section of the river Aa begins at Saint-Omer, reaching the North Sea at Gravelines in northern France. Below its walls, the Aa connects with the Neufossé Canal, which ends at the river Lys.
Toqta
Tokhta (also spelled Toqta, Toktu, Tokhtai, Tochtu or Tokhtogha; died c. 1312) was Khan of the Golden Horde from 1291 to 1312. He was a son of Mengu-Timur and a great-grandson of Batu Khan.

His name "Tokhtokh" means "hold/holding" in the Mongolian language.

Il khan
Il Khan (also il-khan, ilkhan, elkhan, etc.), in Turkic languages and Mongolian, is a title of leadership. It combines the title khan with the prefix el/il, from the word ulus – 'tribe, clan', 'the people', 'nation', 'homeland', 'state', 'tribal union', etc.
Poniki, West Pomeranian Voivodeship
Poniki [pɔˈniki] (German: Ponicken) is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Manowo, within Koszalin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 10 km (6 mi) south-east of Manowo, 18 km (11 mi) south-east of Koszalin, and 141 km (88 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Manowo
Manowo [maˈnɔvɔ] (German: Manow) is a village in Koszalin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Manowo. It lies approximately 9 km (6 mi) south-east of Koszalin and 138 km (86 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

It has the only Dino in Gmina Manowo and the only non-local shop in Gmina Manowo, other than the Stokrotka in Rosnowo.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

The village is home to a population of 760 residents.
Michael Fonfara
Michael Fonfara (11 August 1946 – 8 January 2021) was a Canadian keyboardist who was most notable for his work as a member of The Electric Flag and Rhinoceros in the 1960s, Rough Trade and Lou Reed's backing band in the 1970s and The Downchild Blues Band, from 1990 to his death. He studied classical piano at The Royal Conservatory of Music. He is a multiple Maple Blues Award winner as Piano/Keyboardist of the year and a Juno Award winner with the Downchild Blues Band. His distinguished musical career was so honoured by the Maple Blues Awards as early as 2000 and a Juno Award in 2014.

Bertelsmann Music Group
Bertelsmann Music Group (BMG) was a division of a German media company Bertelsmann before its relaunch and completion of sale of the majority of its assets to Sony Corporation of America on 1 October 2008.

Although it was established in 1987, the music company was formed as RCA/Ariola International in 1985 as a joint venture to combine the music label activities of RCA's RCA Records division and Bertelsmann's Ariola Records and its associated labels which include Arista Records. It consisted of the BMG Music Publishing company, the world's third largest music publisher and the world's largest independent music publisher and (since August 2004) the 50% share of the joint venture with Sony Music, which established the German American Sony BMG from 2004 to 2008.
Frederick Sanders
Christianity portal

Frederick Arthur Sanders (1856-1930) was a Church of England priest, most notably Archdeacon of Exeter from 1909 until 1924.

Sanders was born in Exeter; educated at Marlborough and Keble College, Oxford; and ordained in 1879. After a curacies in Lichfield and Buckland Monachorum he held incumbencies at Brixton  and Woodleigh.

He died on 14 August 1930.

Archdeacon of Exeter
The Archdeacon of Exeter is a senior ecclesiastical officer of the Diocese of Exeter in the Church of England. The modern diocese is divided into four archdeaconries: the archdeacon of Exeter supervises clergy and buildings within the area of the Archdeaconry of Exeter.
Union of Islamic Communities and Organisations in Italy
The Union of Islamic Communities and Organisations in Italy (Italian: Unione delle Comunità e Organizzazioni Islamiche in Italia, UCOII) is one of the three main Italian Sunni Islamic organisations in Italy, along with the Italian Islamic Religious Community and the Italian Islamic Confederation.

European Council for Fatwa and Research
The European Council for Fatwa and Research (ECFR) is a Dublin-based private foundation, founded in London on 29–30 March 1997 on the initiative of the Federation of Islamic Organizations in Europe.  The council is a largely self-selected body, composed of Islamic clerics and scholars, presided over by Yusuf al-Qaradawi.
The Dark Romance of a Tobacco Tin
The Dark Romance of a Tobacco Tin is a 1911 American silent short comedy film produced by the Essanay Studios of Chicago.  It starred Francis X. Bushman  with an early appearance by Bryant Washburn. The General Film Company distributed the picture.

Essanay Studios
Essanay Studios, officially the Essanay Film Manufacturing Company, was an early American motion picture studio. The studio was founded in 1907 in Chicago by George Kirke Spoor and Gilbert M. Anderson, originally as the Peerless Film Manufacturing Company, then as Essanay (formed by the founders' initials: S and A) on August 10, 1907. Essanay is probably best known today for its series of Charlie Chaplin comedies produced in 1915–1916. In late 1916, it merged distribution with other studios and stopped issuing films in the fall of 1918. According to film historian Steve Massa, Essanay is one of the important early studios, with comedies as a particular strength. Founders Spoor and Anderson were subsequently awarded special Academy Awards for pioneering contributions to film.
Daigaku Horiguchi
Daigaku Horiguchi (堀口 大学; 8 January 1892 – 15 March 1981) was a poet and translator of French literature in Taishō and Shōwa period Japan. He is credited with introducing French surrealism to Japanese poetry, and to translating the works of over 66 French authors into Japanese.

Waka (poetry)
Waka (和歌; 'Japanese poem') is a type of poetry in classical Japanese literature. Although waka in modern Japanese is written as 和歌, in the past it was also written as 倭歌 (see Wa, an old name for Japan), and a variant name is yamato-uta (大和歌).
Trichuris muris
Trichuris muris is a nematode parasite of mice. It is similar enough to the human roundworm parasite Trichuris trichiura to show immunological cross-reactivity, and so is often used in related studies.

Trichuris trichiura
Trichuris trichiura or whipworm, is a parasitic roundworm (a type of helminth) that causes trichuriasis (a type of helminthiasis which is one of the neglected tropical diseases) when it infects a human large intestine. It is commonly known as the whipworm which refers to the shape of the worm; it looks like a whip with wider "handles" at the posterior end. The helminth is also known to cause rectal prolapse.
Exchange Equalisation Account
The Exchange Equalisation Account (EEA) is a fund of His Majesty's Treasury in the United Kingdom. It holds the country's special drawing rights (SDR) held at the International Monetary Fund as well as reserves of foreign currencies and gold.  It was set up to provide funding which if necessary can be used to manage the exchange value of pound sterling on international markets.

The EEA was established by Neville Chamberlain's budget of 19 April 1932 following the pound's exit from the gold exchange standard the previous September.

The Exchange Stabilization Fund is a similar fund operated by the US Treasury since 1934. It was created as a response to the EEA.

HM Treasury
His Majesty's Treasury (often shortened to HM Treasury, the Treasury or HMT) is the Government of the United Kingdom’s economic and finance ministry, maintaining control over the United Kingdom's public spending and setting its economic policy. It is one of the smallest government departments by staff count, but is widely considered the most powerful.
2016 KNSB Dutch Single Distance Championships – Women's 3000 m
The women's 3000 meter at the 2016 KNSB Dutch Single Distance Championships took place in Heerenveen at the Thialf ice skating rink on Monday 28 December 2015. Although this tournament was held in 2015, it was part of the 2015–2016 speed skating season.

There were 18 participants.

Title holder was Ireen Wüst.

2016 KNSB Dutch Single Distance Championships
The 2016 KNSB Dutch Single Distance Championships were held at the Thialf ice skating rink in Heerenveen from Sunday 27 December 2015 to Tuesday 29 December 2015. Although the tournament was held in 2015 it was the 2016 edition as it was part of the 2015–2016 speed skating season.
1975 Aryamehr Cup
The 1975 Aryamehr Cup (Persian: جام آریامهر ۱۳۵۳) was a men's professional tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Imperial Country Club in Tehran in Iran. It was part of the 1975 Commercial Union Assurance Grand Prix as a Group AA category event. The tournament was held from 20 October through 26 October 1975. Eddie Dibbs won the singles title.

1975 Grand Prix (tennis)
The 1975 Commercial Union Assurance Grand Prix was a professional tennis circuit administered by the International Lawn Tennis Federation (ILTF) which served as a forerunner to the current Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) World Tour and the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) Tour. The circuit consisted of the four modern Grand Slam tournaments and open tournaments recognised by the ILTF. The Commercial Union Assurance Masters, Davis Cup Final and Nations Cup are included in this calendar but did not count towards the Grand Prix.

The men's schedule started in December 1974 with the Australian Open and continued in May 1975 following the conclusion of the rival 1975 World Championship Tennis circuit which ran from January to early May.
Angle Ring
The Angle Ring Company Limited is an engineering firm based in Tipton, West Midlands, England. It was founded in 1951 at a site in Bloomfield Road, and has since expanded to become one of the most prominent steel benders / curvers of metal and alloys in its market. By 1980, it was Britain's largest steel bending firm and ten years later was exporting its goods to foreign markets.

Tipton
Tipton is an industrial Black Country town in the metropolitan borough of Sandwell, in the county of the West Midlands, England. It had a population of 38,777 at the 2011 UK Census. It is located northwest of Birmingham and southeast of Wolverhampton. It is also contiguous with Darlaston, Dudley, Wednesbury and Bilston.

Historically within Staffordshire and briefly Worcestershire. It is located between Wolverhampton and Birmingham. It incorporates the surrounding villages and suburbs of Tipton Green, Ocker Hill, Dudley Port, Horseley Heath and Great Bridge.

Tipton was an urban district until 1938, when it became a municipal borough. Much of the Borough of Tipton was transferred into West Bromwich County Borough in 1966, but parts of the old borough were absorbed into an expanded Dudley borough and the newly created County Borough of Warley. Along with the rest of West Bromwich and Warley, Tipton was moved into the Sandwell Metropolitan Borough in 1974.
Circuit de l'Est
The Circuit de l'Est ("Eastern Circuit") was a six-stage air race organized by the newspaper  Le Matin,
 which took place in August 1910. General Ferdinand Foch, who had followed the race attentively, declared a few weeks later to the Le Matin delegate, Robert de Beauplanduring the French Army's first aerial maneuvers in Picardy : "All that, you see, is sport: but for the army, the air force, it's zero".

Issy-les-Moulineaux
Issy-les-Moulineaux (French pronunciation: [isi le mulino]) is a commune in the southwestern suburban area of Paris, France, lying on the left bank of the river Seine. Its citizens are called Isséens in French. It is one of Paris's entrances and is located 6.6 km (4.1 mi) from Notre Dame Cathedral, which is considered Kilometre Zero in France. On 1 January 2010, Issy-les-Moulineaux became part of the  Grand Paris Seine Ouest agglomeration community, which merged into the Métropole du Grand Paris in January 2016.

Issy-les-Moulineaux has successfully moved its economy from an old manufacturing base to high value-added service sectors and is at the heart of the Val de Seine business district, the largest cluster of telecommunication and media businesses in France, hosting the headquarters of most major French television networks.
Royal West Middlesex Militia
The Royal West Middlesex Militia, later the Edmonton Royal Rifle Regiment, was an auxiliary regiment reorganised in Middlesex in the Home counties of England during the 18th Century from earlier precursor units. It later became part of the King's Royal Rifle Corps (KRRC). Primarily intended for home defence, it served in England and Ireland (and briefly in Southern France) during Britain's major wars. It was converted to the Special Reserve under the Haldane Reforms and supplied reinforcements to the KRRC's fighting battalions during World War I. After a shadowy postwar existence the unit was finally disbanded in 1953.

Militia (United Kingdom)
The British Militia was the principal military reserve force of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Militia units were repeatedly raised in Great Britain during the Victorian and Edwardian eras for internal security duties and to defend against external invasions. The British Militia was transformed into the Special Reserve under the Territorial and Reserve Forces Act 1907 (7 Edw. 7. c. 9), which integrated all militia formations into the British Army.
BG Geminorum
BG Geminorum is an eclipsing binary star system in the constellation Gemini.  It consists of a K0 supergiant with a more massive but unseen companion.  The companion is likely to be either a black hole or class B star. Material from the K0 star is being transferred to an accretion disk surrounding the unidentified object.

Gemini (constellation)
Gemini is one of the constellations of the zodiac and is located in the northern celestial hemisphere.  It was one of the 48 constellations described by the 2nd century AD astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains one of the 88 modern constellations today. Its name is Latin for twins, and it is associated with the twins Castor and Pollux in Greek mythology. Its old astronomical symbol is  (♊︎).
Springfield Union Station (Massachusetts)
Springfield Union Station is a train and bus station in the Metro Center area of Springfield, Massachusetts. Constructed in 1926, Springfield Union Station is the fifth-busiest Amtrak station in Massachusetts, and the busiest outside of Greater Boston.

A large-scale $94 million renovation project restored the former station building, and it reopened in late June 2017 as a regional intermodal transit hub. It not only features Amtrak service but also serves as the hub for the Pioneer Valley Transit Authority (PVTA), along with Peter Pan Bus Lines, Greyhound Lines, and the CTrail Hartford Line commuter rail. PVTA and intercity bus services began using the renovated station in 2017, and the Hartford Line opened in June 2018. Amtrak moved from a 1994-built structure to the renovated station in June 2019.

Massachusetts Department of Transportation
The Massachusetts Department of Transportation (MassDOT) oversees roads, public transit, aeronautics, and transportation licensing and registration in the US state of Massachusetts.  It was created on November 1, 2009, by the 186th Session of the Massachusetts General Court upon enactment of the 2009 Transportation Reform Act.
Zephyr (artist)
ZEPHYR, born Andrew Witten, is a graffiti artist, lecturer and author from New York City. He began writing graffiti in 1975 using the name "Zephyr" in 1977. He is considered a graffiti "elder", who along with Futura 2000, Blade, PHASE 2, CRASH, Lady Pink and TAKI 183 invented styles and standards which are still in use.

Phase 2 (artist)
Michael Lawrence Marrow (August 2, 1955 – December 12, 2019), known as PHASE 2 and Lonny Wood, was self-described aerosol paint artist based in New York City. Mostly active in the 1970s, Phase 2 is generally credited with originating the "bubble letter" style of aerosol writing, also known as "softies".
William Erasmus Darwin
William Erasmus Darwin (27 December 1839 – 8 September 1914) was the first-born son, and the eldest of all the children of Charles and Emma Darwin, and the subject of child development studies by his father.

Emma Darwin
Emma Darwin (née Wedgwood; 2 May 1808 – 2 October 1896) was the wife of the English naturalist Charles Darwin. She married Darwin, her first cousin, on 29 January 1839. They were the parents of ten children, seven of whom survived to adulthood.
Yelahar
Yelheri is a panchayat village in the southern state of Karnataka, India. Administratively, Yelahar is under Yadgir Taluka of Yadgir District in Karnataka.  The village of Yelheri is 6 km by road west of the village of Konkal, and 10 km by road south-southeast of the village of Paspool.  The nearest railhead is in Yadgir.

There are four villages in the gram panchayat: Yelheri, Ghanpur, Nawaburz, and Totlur.

Paspool
Paspool is a panchayat village in the southern state of Karnataka, India. Administratively, it is under Yadgir taluka of Yadgir district in Karnataka. Paspool is twenty kilometres by road from the city of Yadgir. The nearest railhead is in Yadgir.