hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Effects of immigration to the United States
Immigration to the United States has had effects on the demographics,economy and culture of the country. The United States has more than 50 million immigrants the highest in the world, making up an estimated 15% of the workforce. Immigration has gained added media attention in recent years, including political and social debates centered around how immigration impacts crime rates and the overall economic status of the United States. The cultural response to immigration has also led to debates about racial discrimination, affairs in regard to immigrant families, the safety and legality of deportation policy, and the erasure of ethnic identity.  President Donald Trump has worked to deport illegal immigrants causing political success and backlash.

Bracero Program
The Bracero Program (from the Spanish term bracero [bɾaˈse.ɾo], meaning "manual laborer" or "one who works using his arms") was a temporary labor initiative from 1942 to 1964 between the United States and Mexico that allowed Mexican workers to be employed in the U.S. agricultural and railroad industries.

In studies published in 2018 and 2023, it was found that the Bracero Program did not have an adverse effect on the wages or employment for American-born farm workers, and that termination of the program had adverse impact on American-born farmers and resulted in increased farm mechanization.
2024 San Luis Open Challenger
The 2024 San Luis Tennis Open was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 36th edition of the tournament for the men which was part of the 2024 ATP Challenger Tour and 2nd edition for the women which was part of the 2024 WTA 125 tournaments. It took place at the Club Deportivo Potosino in San Luis Potosí, Mexico between 25 and 31 March 2024.

Club Deportivo Potosino
The Club Deportivo Potosino is a sports club located in the city of San Luis Potosí, in the Mexican state of the same name. Founded in 1940, it is the oldest sports club in the city, nationally renowned for its high performance in various sports disciplines such as swimming and tennis. The club is commonly referenced as the birthplace of the Michelada, with claims stating that a member called Michel Ésper used to order his daily beer with salt and lemon juice, eventually giving origin to the name.

The Club Deportivo Potosino also hosts the San Luis Tennis Open, an annual ATP Challenger Tour tournament, that counts among its winners international top athletes such as Joaquín Loyo-Mayo, Leonardo Lavalle, Dick Norman, Guido Pella, Marcelo Arévalo.
Environmental Microbiology
Environmental Microbiology is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal focused on microbial interactions and microbial processes in the environment. It is published by Wiley-Blackwell. Until January 2024, it was an official journal of the Society for Applied Microbiology (now known as Applied Microbiology International), but is now no longer affiliated with that society. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2024 impact factor of 4.0.

Wiley-Blackwell
Wiley-Blackwell is an international scientific, technical, medical, and scholarly publishing business of John Wiley & Sons. It was formed by the merger of John Wiley & Sons Global Scientific, Technical, and Medical business with Blackwell Publishing in 2007.

Wiley-Blackwell is now an imprint that publishes a diverse range of academic and professional fields, including biology, medicine, physical sciences, technology, social science, and the humanities.
Idi Muzhakkam
Idi Muzhakkam is a 1980 Indian Malayalam film, directed and produced by Sreekumaran Thampi. The film stars Jayan, Ratheesh, Shubha and Sukumaran in the lead roles. The film has musical score by Shyam. The film was a highly sensational film of the release .

Ratheesh
Ratheesh (11 September 1954 – 23 December 2002) was an Indian actor best known for his work in Malayalam cinema. He was a native of Kalavoor in the Alappuzha district of Kerala, India. He performed villainous roles during the 1990s. He had acted in 158 films with directors such as K. G. George, I. V. Sasi, Joshiy, P. G. Vishwambharan, Thampy Kannamthanam, Sreekumaran Thampi, Rajasenan,P.K.Joseph and Shaji Kailas. Unlike other villains of the time, Ratheesh captivated the Malayalam movie lovers with his charms and handsome looks.He attained superstardom for a brief while during the 80s.
Edzard Cirksena
Edzard Cirksena (born: Edzard Edzardisna; died: 1441) was an East Frisian chieftain at Greetsiel, Norden, Emden and Brokmerland.

He and his father Enno Edzardisna had married the last two heiresses of the great family of Syardsna from Berum; Edzard married Frauwa Cirksena; his father married her aunt Gela Cirksena.  Enno and Edzard adopted their wives' family name, which was also spelled Sirtzena, Syrtza, or Zyertza. Edzard was probably the first to spell the name as Cirksena; this spelling was retained by all later members of the family.

From his father he inherited the reign over almost all of East Frisia, albeit without the Harlingerland.

He died at an advanced age, of the plague, in 1441, one day after his stepmother Gela died.

Emden
Emden (German pronunciation: [ˈɛmdn̩] ⓘ) is an independent town and seaport in Lower Saxony in the north-west of Germany and lies on the River Ems, close to the Netherlands border. It is the main town in the region of East Frisia and had a total population of 50,535 in 2022.
Felix Reginald Dias Bandaranaike II
Felix Reginald Dias Bandaranaike II (Sinhala: ෆෙලික්ස් රෙජිනල්ඩ් ඩයස් බණඩාරනායක) (17 January 1891 – 26 October 1951) was a Ceylonese (Sri Lankan) judge and lawyer. He was a Puisne Justice of the Supreme Court of Ceylon.

Born to Felix Reginald Dias Bandaranaike I, he was educated at the Royal College Colombo and graduated from the University of Cambridge.

Dias Bandaranaike married “Princess” Joy De Livera, they had one son, Reginald Walter Michael Dias Bandaranaike. He later married  Freda Dias Abeysinghe. Their children include Christine Manel Dias Bandaranaike and Felix Dias Bandaranaike.

Puisne judge
Puisne judge and puisne justice (/ˈpjuːni/) are terms for an ordinary judge or a judge of lesser rank of a particular court.  The term comes from a combination of the two French words, puis (since, later) and né (born) which have been combined as French: puisné or puîné; meaning "junior".
Derrick Tabb
Derrick Tabb (born May 27, 1975) is an American musician, a long-standing member of the Rebirth Brass Band and a co-founder of The Roots of Music, a non-profit organization that sponsors an after-school academic and music program for children in New Orleans. For onstage performances, Tabb plays the snare drum with cymbals mounted on stands. He was born and raised in the Tremé neighborhood of New Orleans.

Orleans Parish, Louisiana
Orleans Parish (French: Paroisse d'Orléans; Spanish: Parroquia de Orleans) is a parish of the U.S. state of Louisiana. Since 1870, the parish has been coterminous with the city of New Orleans, and the parish and city are largely governed as a single consolidated city.
Konkan
The Konkan is a stretch of land by the western coast of India, bound by the river Daman Ganga at Damaon in the north, to Anjediva Island next to Karwar town in the south; with the Arabian Sea to the west and the Deccan Plateau to the east. The hinterland east of the coast has numerous river valleys, riverine islands and the hilly slopes known as the Western Ghats; that lead up into the tablelands of the Deccan. The Konkan region has been recognised by name, since at least the time of Strabo, in the third century CE. It had a thriving mercantile port with Arab tradesmen from the 10th century onwards. The best-known islands of Konkan are Ilhas de Goa, the site of the Goa state's capital at Panjim; also, the Seven Islands of Bombay, on which lies Mumbai, the capital of Maharashtra & the headquarters of Konkan Division.

Daman, India
Daman (IPA: [d̪əmən]) is a city and the administrative capital of the Indian union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu. It is a municipal council situated in the Daman district.

The Daman Ganga River divides Daman into: Nani-Daman (Little Daman) and Moti-Daman (Big Daman). Despite its name, Nani-Daman is the larger of the two parts, while the old city is mainly in Moti-Daman. This holds most of the important entities, like the major hospitals, supermarkets, and major residential areas. Vapi, Gujarat, is the nearest city to Daman.
Tales of Three Planets
Tales of Three Planets is a posthumous collection of short stories by American writer Edgar Rice Burroughs, with an introduction by Richard A. Lupoff and illustrations by Roy G. Krenkel. It was first published in hardcover in 1964 by Canaveral Press, and has been reprinted once since.

The book collects four novelettes by Burroughs, one set on Earth, two set on the distant planet Poloda "beyond the farthest star," and one set on Venus. Two of its pieces, "The Resurrection of Jimber-Jaw" and "Beyond the Farthest Star", had previously seen magazine publication; the former in Argosy Weekly for February 20, 1937 and the latter in Blue Book Magazine for January 1942; the others were published for the first time in the collection.

Edgar Rice Burroughs
Edgar Rice Burroughs (September 1, 1875 – March 19, 1950) was an American writer, recognized for his prolific output in the adventure, science fiction, and fantasy genres. Best known for creating the characters Tarzan (who appeared in a series of twenty-four books by him) and John Carter (who was a recurring character in a series of eleven books), he also wrote the Pellucidar series, the Amtor series, and the Caspak trilogy.

Tarzan was immediately popular, and Burroughs capitalized on it in every possible way, including a syndicated Tarzan comic strip, films, and merchandise. Tarzan remains one of the most successful fictional characters to this day and is a cultural icon. Burroughs's California ranch is now the center of the Tarzana neighborhood in Los Angeles, named after the character. Burroughs was an explicit supporter of eugenics and scientific racism in both his fiction and nonfiction; Tarzan was meant to reflect these concepts.
UEFA Euro 1972 qualifying Group 3
Group 3 of the UEFA Euro 1972 qualifying tournament was one of the eight groups to decide which teams would qualify for the UEFA Euro 1972 finals tournament. Group 3 consisted of four teams: England, Switzerland, Greece, and Malta, where they played against each other home-and-away in a round-robin format. The group winners were England, who finished two points above Switzerland.

UEFA Euro 1972
The 1972 UEFA European Football Championship final tournament was held in Belgium. This was the fourth UEFA European Championship, held every four years and endorsed by UEFA. The final tournament took place between 14 and 18 June 1972.

Only four countries played in the final tournament, with the tournament consisting of the semi-finals, a third place play-off, and the final.

The hosts were only announced after the qualifying round, which meant all teams had to participate in the qualification process for the final stage. Belgium was chosen among three candidates; the other bids came from England and Italy, whose teams did not reach the semi-finals.

West Germany won the tournament, beating the Soviet Union 3–0 in the final, with goals coming from Gerd Müller (twice) and Herbert Wimmer at the Heysel Stadium in Brussels.
Huang Lu
Huang Lu (simplified Chinese: 黄璐; traditional Chinese: 黃璐; pinyin: Huáng Lù) (born July 10, 1983) is a Chinese actress. A graduate of the Beijing Film Academy, Huang debuted in the film Love for All Seasons (2003) directed by Johnnie To and Wai Ka-fai.

Beijing Film Academy
Beijing Film Academy (BFA; 北京电影学院) is a municipal public college in Beijing, China. It is affiliated with the City of Beijing and co-funded by the Beijing Municipal People's Government, the National Radio and Television Administration, and the Ministry of Education.

The predecessor of the Beijing Film Academy was the Research Institute of Performing Arts of the Central Film Bureau (中央电影局表演艺术研究所) founded in 1950. The institute was renamed the Film School of the Film Bureau of the Ministry of Culture of the Central People's Government (中央人民政府文化部电影局电影学校) in 1951. In 1953, the school was renamed Beijing Film School (北京电影学校). In 1956, the school was restructured into Beijing Film Academy.
Liestal railway station
Liestal railway station (German: Bahnhof Liestal) is a railway station in Switzerland, in the municipality of Liestal and canton of Basel-Landschaft. The station is on the Swiss Federal Railway's Hauenstein main line, which connects Basel and Olten. It is served by five trains per hour to Basel, four trains per hour to Olten, and hourly trains to Interlaken, Lucerne, and Zürich. Several trains a day operate through to Frankfurt and Berlin. The station is also the junction for, and terminus of, the Waldenburg narrow gauge railway, which operates a train service every ten or twenty minutes to Waldenburg. The Waldenburg line closed in April 2021 until December 2022 for conversion to 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) gauge. Since 2019, the Swiss Federal Railways has been undertaking renovation and expansion works at Liestal which were commissioned by the federal government and which are due to be completed in 2025.

Hauenstein Railway
The Hauenstein Railway is a major railway line in Switzerland connecting the cities of Basel and Olten.

The original line was built between 1853 and 1858 under the Unterer Hauenstein Pass, an ancient pass through the Jura Mountains, including a 2,495 m (8,186 ft) long tunnel under the village of Hauenstein. Between 1912 and 1916 a new line with an 8,134 m (5.054 mi) long base tunnel was built further east, by-passing the steeper sections of the line.

Normally long-distance trains use the base tunnel line, and the old summit line is only used by trains serving the local people (Läufelfingerli). Sometimes during disruptions inter-city trains operate on the old line, but it is reasonably fast and diverted trains take only about four minutes longer than normal services. Freight trains rarely use the summit line because of its large gradients.
David Venditti
David Venditti (born 1 June 1973) is a French former rugby union international who represented France in 14 Test matches between 1996 and 2000.

A Bellegarde youth player, Venditti started his senior career at Bourgoin-Jallieu. He later moved to CA Brive and was a member of the team which defeated Leicester in the 1997 Heineken Cup final.

Venditti made his debut for France against the Springboks in 1996 and was on the wing in all four matches of France's grand slam winning 1997 Five Nations campaign. He scored a hat-trick of tries in the win over Ireland at Lansdowne Road, which was his first appearance in a Five Nations match.

1997 Five Nations Championship
The 1997 Five Nations Championship was the sixty-eighth series of the rugby union Five Nations Championship. Including the previous incarnations as the Home Nations and Five Nations, this was the hundred-and-third series of the northern hemisphere rugby union championship. Ten matches were played over five weekends from 18 January to 15 March, the crucial match being in Weekend 4 where England inexplicably threw away a 20–6 lead at Twickenham with quarter of the match to go and were pipped by France. France went on to win their first Grand Slam in ten years; England defeated the other Home Nations by large margins to win the Triple Crown. It was the last time that France played at the Parc des Princes, in Paris. Since then, the French team has been playing in the Stade de France, also in Paris.
1957 Ruskin Heights tornado
In the evening hours of May 20, 1957, a large, long-tracked and deadly tornado moved through portions of eastern Kansas and western Missouri, killing forty-four people and injuring over five hundred. The tornado is the deadliest to strike the Kansas City metropolitan area, and was the deadliest worldwide in 1957. The tornado was rated F5 on the Fujita scale, the first of three worldwide in 1957 to receive this rating.

The tornado touched down near Williamsburg at 7:15 p.m., headed northeast. As the tornado neared Homewood, it took on a multi-vortex shape and lofted gravestones in the air. As it passed near  Spring Hill, the tornado leveled numerous buildings and killed seven people before crossing state lines into Missouri, where the worst damage was observed in the Martin City area. The tornado left an estimated eighty-five percent of Martin City "uninhabitable", and killed another thirty-seven people before dissipating at 8:53 p.m., over an hour after touching down.

Multiple-vortex tornado
A multiple-vortex tornado (often shortened to multi-vortex tornado) is a tornado that contains several vortices (called subvortices or suction vortices) revolving around, inside of, and as part of the main vortex. The only times multiple vortices may be visible are when the tornado is first forming or when condensation and debris are balanced such that subvortices are apparent without being obscured. They can add over 100 mph (160 km/h) to the ground-relative wind in a tornado circulation and are responsible for most cases where narrow arcs of extreme destruction lie right next to weak damage within tornado paths.
Dionisio Calvo
Dionisio "Chito" Calvo (November 20, 1904 – December 9, 1977) was a Filipino basketball player, swimmer, and coach who mentored both the basketball and football national teams of the Philippines. He was one of the greatest Filipino sportsmen in history and helped in the development of both Philippine and Asian basketball.

1925 Far Eastern Championship Games
The 1925 Far Eastern Championship Games was the seventh edition of the regional multi-sport event, contested between China, Japan and the Philippines, and was held from 17 to 22 May in Manila, the Philippines. A total of eight sports were contested over the course of the five-day event.

The Philippines are the general champions.

China won the football tournament for a sixth consecutive time.
Lena Degenhardt
Lena Sophia Degenhardt (born 31 May 1999) is a German female handball player for HSG Bensheim/Auerbach and the German national team.

She represented Germany at the 2021 World Women's Handball Championship in Spain.

2021 World Women's Handball Championship
The 2021 IHF World Women's Handball Championship, the 25th event by the International Handball Federation, was held in Spain from 1 to 19  December 2021. On 18 October 2018, at a congress in Doha, Qatar, the IHF announced that the World Championship would be expanded from 24 teams to 32 teams from 2021 onwards.

The Netherlands were the defending champions after winning for the first time in 2019. However, they finished third in their main round group and failed to qualify for the quarterfinals.

Norway defeated France to win their fourth title. Denmark captured the bronze medal by winning against Spain.
Gopika
Girly Anto, credited by her stage name Gopika (born 1 February 1984), is an Indian former actress, who has starred in Malayalam films. Starting her career as a model, she ventured into acting with the Malayalam film, Pranayamanithooval (2002), directed by Thulasidas, opposite Vineeth Kumar. She acted in the Tamil, Telugu and Kannada film industries as well.

Vineeth Kumar
Vineeth Kumar (born on 11 November 1977) is an Indian actor, director and screenwriter known for his work in the Malayalam film industry. He has had a career spanning decades, transitioning from a child artist to an accomplished director.

He made his acting debut in 1988 as a child artist in the movie Padippura. The same year, he earned critical acclaim and the Kerala State Film Award for his performance in the epic historical drama Oru Vadakkan Veeragatha. Directed by Hariharan and written by M.T. Vasudevan Nair, this film featured him as the younger version of Mammootty's iconic character Chandu Chekavar.

He made his directorial debut with Ayal Njanalla (2015), a romantic comedy entertainer, starring Fahad Faasil.
Kalmakkol
Kalmakkol (Kazakh: Қалмақкөл), is a salt lake in Gabit Musirepov District, North Kazakhstan Region, and Zhaksy District, Akmola Region, Kazakhstan.

Novoishim town, the administrative center of the district, is located approximately 90 kilometers (56 mi) to the NNW of the lake. The border with Akmola Region runs close to the southwestern shore of the lake and a small sector lies within Zhaksy District.

Salt lake
A salt lake or saline lake is a landlocked body of water that has a concentration of salts (typically sodium chloride) and other dissolved minerals significantly higher than most lakes (often defined as at least three grams of salt per liter). In some cases, salt lakes have a higher concentration of salt than sea water; such lakes can also be termed hypersaline lake, and may also be pink lakes on account of their color. An alkalic salt lake that has a high content of carbonate is sometimes termed a soda lake.

Salt lakes are classified according to salinity levels. The formation of these lakes is influenced by processes such as evaporation and deposition. Salt lakes face serious conservation challenges due to climate change, pollution and water diversion.
Gunhild Elise Øyangen
Gunhild Elise Øyangen (born 31 October 1947 in Levanger) is a former Norwegian politician for the Labour Party, most notably as Minister of Agriculture for the Second and Third cabinet Brundtland. She was  elected to the Storting representing Sør-Trøndelag from 1989 to her retirement in 2005.

Second Brundtland cabinet
Brundtland's Second Cabinet was a minority, Labour Government of Norway. It succeeded the Conservative Willoch's Second Cabinet, and sat between 9 May 1986 and 16 October 1989. It was replaced by the Conservative/Centre/Christian Democrat cabinet Syse after the 1989 election. The cabinet was historic in that 8 of the 18 members were female, to then the highest female share in a government ever in the world.
The Power of One (film)
The Power of One is a 1992 drama film directed and edited by John G. Avildsen, loosely based on Bryce Courtenay's 1989 novel of the same title. The film stars Stephen Dorff, John Gielgud, Morgan Freeman, Armin Mueller-Stahl, and Daniel Craig in his feature film debut.

Set in the Union of South Africa during World War II and the years immediately afterwards, the film centers on the life of Peter "PK" Keith, an Anglo-South African boy raised in the prelude to apartheid, and his conflicted relationships with German pianist Karl "Doc" von Vollensteen, Coloured boxing coach Geel Piet and Afrikaner romantic interest Maria Marais.

British diaspora in Africa
The British diaspora in Africa is a population group broadly defined as English-speaking people of mainly (but not only) British descent who live in or were born in Sub-Saharan Africa. The majority live in South Africa and other Southern African countries in which English is a primary language, including Zimbabwe, Namibia, Kenya, Botswana and Zambia. Their first language is usually English.