hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hermann Jäger
Hermann Jäger (7 October 1815 – 5 January 1890) was born at Münchenbernsdorf, Saxony (now Germany). A botanist specializing in medicinal plants and horticulture, he was Associate Editor of the journal Gartenflora, founded in 1852 by Eduard von Regel, from 1857 until his death.

Eduard August von Regel
Eduard August von Regel (also spelled Edward von Regel, Edward de Regel or Édouard von Regel; Russian: Эдуард Август Фон Регель; 13 August 1815 – 15 April 1892) was a German horticulturalist and botanist. He ended his career serving as the Director of the Russian Imperial Botanical Garden of St. Petersburg. As a result of naturalists and explorers sending back biological collections, Regel was able to describe and name many previously unknown species from frontiers around the world.
National museums of the United Kingdom
There are a number of national museums in the United Kingdom, which are owned and operated by the state. The national museums of the UK are funded by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS) of the British government, and are all located in England. There are 14 national museums, all established by Acts of Parliament, as well as another eight which are sponsored by the DCMS.

In addition, there are national museums in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, which are supported by the devolved legislatures. National museums in Scotland are funded by the Scottish Executive Education Department, in Wales by the Welsh Government, and in Northern Ireland by the Department of Culture, Arts and Leisure of the Northern Ireland Executive.

Free entrance is standard practice in all UK national museums, although some exhibits do require an admission fee to view. Several of the museums have more than one location throughout the UK.

Ulster Folk and Transport Museums
Both the Ulster Folk Museum and Ulster Transport Museum are situated in Cultra, Northern Ireland, about 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) east of the city of Belfast. Now operating as two separate museums, the Folk Museum endeavours to illustrate the way of life and traditions of the people in Northern Ireland, past and present, while the Transport Museum explores and exhibits methods of transport by land, sea and air, past and present. The museums rank among Ireland's foremost visitor attractions and is a former Irish Museum of the Year. The location houses two of four museums included in National Museums NI.
Bjørn Arild Gram
Bjørn Arild Gram (born 7 May 1972 in Steinkjer) is a Norwegian politician who has served as the first deputy leader of the Centre Party since 2025 and previously the minister of defence from 2022 to 2025. A member of the Centre Party, he also previously served as the minister of local government from 2021 to 2022. After the 2025 election, he was elected to the Storting after being a deputy member in previous periods (1993-1997, 2001-2009, 2013-2021).

Gram started his as the leader of the Centre Youth and logos politics before his election as a deputy representative to the Storting from Nord-Trøndelag, and went on to serve in said position on two more occasions. He served as a state secretary in the Ministry of Finance from 2005 to 2007, when he became mayor of Steinkjer. He stepped down as mayor in 2020 when he was appointed chair of the Norwegian Association of Local and Regional Authorities, a position he held until his ministerial appointment in 2021.

Norwegian Army
The Norwegian Army (Norwegian: Hæren) is the land warfare service branch of the Norwegian Armed Forces. The Army is the oldest of the Norwegian service branches, established as a modern military organization under the command of the King of Norway in 1628. The Army participated in various continental wars during the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries as well, both in Norway and abroad, especially in World War II (1939–1945). From December 1951, much of the  Norwegian Army was declared for operations as part of Allied Forces Northern Europe, within the NATO Military Command Structure.
Gmina Świerczów
Gmina Świerczów is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Namysłów County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Its seat is the village of Świerczów, which lies approximately 14 kilometres (9 mi) south of Namysłów and 34 km (21 mi) north of the regional capital Opole.

The gmina covers an area of 110.32 square kilometres (42.6 sq mi), and as of 2019 its total population is 3,317.

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Stobrawa Landscape Park.

Namysłów County
Namysłów County (Polish: powiat namysłowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Opole Voivodeship, south-western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Namysłów, which lies 48 kilometres (30 mi) north of the regional capital, which is the city of Opole.

The county covers an area of 747.67 square kilometres (288.7 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 42,692, out of which the population of Namysłów is 16,557 and the rural population is 27,400.
Al-Masajid (archaeological site)
Al-Masajid (Old South Arabian Maʿrabum, Arabic: المساجد, romanized: al-Masājid) is an archaeological site from the Old South Arabian-Sabaean period, which lies at the edge of the Yemeni highland-basin, below the Jabal Ṣaḥl mountain range near the border with Qataban.

Eduard Glaser
Eduard Glaser (15 March 1855 – 7 May 1908) was an Austrian Arabist and archaeologist. He was one of the first Europeans to explore South Arabia. He collected thousands of inscriptions in Yemen that are today held by the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna, Austria.

Of the travellers to the Orient in the 19th century, Eduard Glaser is considered the most important scholar to have studied Yemen. He contributed to the advancement of historical and cultural research, revealed its ancient history and documented its written and oral traditions. Yemen fascinated him, incited his imagination, beginning with his first visit to the country (1882-1884). He returned there on three other occasions (1885-1886, 1887-1888, and 1892-1894). In Yemen, Glaser disguised himself as a Muslim with the assumed name of Faqih Hussein bin Abdallah el Biraki Essajah, meaning, "the scholar Hussein bin Abdallah from Prague".
Kampot pepper crab
Kampot pepper crab (Khmer: ឆាក្តាមម្រេច) is a Khmer dish made by stir-frying crab with garlic, palm sugar, spring onions, fish sauce and green Kampot peppercorns, a regional specialty of Kampot and Kep.

Cambodian cuisine
Cambodian cuisine is the national cuisine of Cambodia. It reflects the varied culinary traditions of different ethnic groups in Cambodia, central of which is Khmer cuisine (Khmer: សិល្បៈធ្វើម្ហូបខ្មែរ, lit. 'Khmer culinary art'), the nearly-two-thousand-year-old culinary tradition of the Khmer people. Over centuries, Cambodian cuisine has incorporated elements of Indian, Chinese (in particular Teochew), French, and Portuguese cuisines. Due to some of these shared influences and mutual interaction, Cambodian cuisine has many similarities with the cuisines of Central Thailand, and Southern Vietnam and to a lesser extent also Central Vietnam, Northeastern Thailand and Laos.

Cambodian cuisine can be categorized into three main types: rural, elite and royal cuisine. Although there is some distinction between royal and popular cuisine, it is not as pronounced as in Thailand and Laos. Cambodian royal dishes tend to feature a wider variety of higher-quality ingredients and contain more meat.
1943 Ohio Athletic Conference football season
The 1943 Ohio Athletic Conference football season was the season of college football played by the seven member schools of the Ohio Athletic Conference (OAC), commonly referred to as the "Ohio Conference", as part of the 1943 college football season.

The Oberlin Yeomen, in their 14th season under head coach Lysle K. Butler, won the OAC championship with a 7–0–1 record (4–0 against OAC opponents).

Lysle K. Butler
Lysle K. Butler (1903 – July 6, 1973) was an American football, basketball, and tennis coach and college athletics administrator. Butler served as the head football coach at Franklin College in Franklin, Indiana from 1928 to 1929. He spent the next 28 seasons coach at Oberlin College in Oberlin, Ohio, where he also served as the head basketball coach in four separate stints.

Butler died on July 6, 1973.
Raw 'n' Alive at the Cellar, Chicago 1966!
Raw 'n' Alive at the Cellar, Chicago 1966! is a live album by the American garage rock band the Shadows of Knight, and was released on Sundazed Music in 1992. The album consists of recordings from the band's appearance at the Cellar in Arlington Heights, Illinois in December 1966. Although the tapes were never anticipated to be released publicly, Raw 'n' Alive at the Cellar is commended for its good sound quality, and represents one of the better live concert recordings to emerge from the garage rock era.

Bo Diddley
Ellas Bates McDaniel (December 30, 1928 – June 2, 2008), known professionally as Bo Diddley, was an American guitarist, singer and songwriter who played a key role in the transition from the blues to rock and roll. He influenced many artists, including Buddy Holly, the Beatles, the Rolling Stones, the Animals, George Thorogood, Syd Barrett, Tom Petty, and the Clash.

His use of African rhythms and a signature beat, a simple five-accent hambone rhythm, is a cornerstone of hip hop, rock, and pop music. In recognition of his achievements, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1987, the Blues Hall of Fame in 2003, and the Rhythm and Blues Music Hall of Fame in 2017. He received a Lifetime Achievement Award from the Rhythm and Blues Foundation and the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. Diddley is also recognized for his technical innovations, including his use of tremolo and reverb effects to enhance the sound of his distinctive rectangular guitars.
Entre Nosotras
"Entre Nosotras" is a variety morning show that aired on WAPA-TV from June 11, 2007 to February 19, 2016. It was hosted by an ensemble of Puerto Rican actresses: Alba Nydia Díaz, Sonia Valentin, Linette Torres and Wanda Sais. Their daily show covers news stories of interest to the general public, from a female point of view.

WAPA-TV
WAPA-TV (channel 4) is a Spanish-language independent television station in San Juan, Puerto Rico. It is the flagship and namesake station of Guaynabo-based WAPA Media Group.

WAPA-TV maintains studio facilities on Luis Vigoreaux Avenue in Guaynabo; its transmitter is located on the WKAQ-TV (channel 2) transmission tower at Cerro La Santa in Cayey near the Carite State Forest. WAPA-TV is the most watched television station in Puerto Rico.

The station's signal is relayed across Puerto Rico through two full-power satellite stations: WTIN-TV (digital channel 14, virtual channel 4) in Ponce and WNJX-TV (digital channel 31, virtual channel 4) in Mayagüez. WTIN-TV also broadcasts two subchannels simulcast from WKAQ-TV, including its Telemundo programming, using virtual channels 2.11 and 2.21.
Azelaic acid
Azelaic acid (AzA), or nonanedioic acid, is an organic compound with the formula HOOC(CH2)7COOH. This saturated dicarboxylic acid exists as a white powder. It is found in wheat, rye, and barley. It is a precursor to diverse industrial products including polymers and plasticizers, as well as being a component of several hair and skin conditioners. In medicine, topical formulations of AzA are used in the treatment of acne vulgaris, where they exert antimicrobial and keratolytic effects that reduce clogged hair follicles and inflammation. In plants, AzA functions as a mobile signaling molecule that primes systemic acquired resistance against pathogens by inducing the accumulation of salicylic acid. AzA also inhibits tyrosinase.

Keratin
Keratin (/ˈkɛrətɪn/) is one of a family of structural fibrous proteins also known as scleroproteins. It is the key structural material making up scales, hair, nails, feathers, horns, claws, hooves, and the outer layer of skin in tetrapod vertebrates. Keratin also protects epithelial cells from damage or stress. Keratin is extremely insoluble in water and organic solvents. Keratin monomers assemble into bundles to form intermediate filaments, which are tough and form strong unmineralized epidermal appendages found in reptiles, birds, amphibians, and mammals.  Excessive keratinization participate in fortification of certain tissues such as in horns of cattle and rhinos, and armadillos' osteoderm. The only other biological matter known to approximate the toughness of keratinized tissue is chitin.
Keratin comes in two types: the primitive, softer forms found in all vertebrates and the harder, derived forms found only among sauropsids (reptiles and birds).
Chymopapain
Chymopapain (EC 3.4.22.6, chymopapain A, chymopapain B, chymopapain S, brand name Chymodiactin) is a proteolytic enzyme isolated from the latex of papaya (Carica papaya). It is a cysteine protease which belongs to the papain-like protease (PLCP) group. Because of its proteolytic activity, it is the main molecule in the process of chemonucleolysis, used in some procedures like the treatment of herniated lower lumbar discs in the spine by a nonsurgical method.

Papain
Papain, also known as papaya proteinase I, is a cysteine protease (EC 3.4.22.2) enzyme present in papaya (Carica papaya) and mountain papaya (Vasconcellea cundinamarcensis). It is the namesake member of the papain-like protease family.

It has wide ranging commercial applications in the leather, cosmetic, textiles, detergents, food and pharmaceutical industries. In the food industry, papain is used as an active ingredient in many commercial  meat tenderizers.
Alien Rage
Alien Rage is a 2013 first-person shooter video game for Microsoft Windows, Xbox 360 (through Xbox Live Arcade), and PlayStation 3 (through PlayStation Network) developed by CI Games, then known as City Interactive. The game has single-player and competitive multiplayer modes. In its single-player campaign, players are put in control of an elite soldier named Jack who is sent to destroy a mining facility and its aliens after they turned against and killed the humans that they had shared the facility with.

Announced as Alien Fear in April 2012, the game was renamed in May of the following year. It was released on 24 September 2013 for Windows, 18 October 2013 for the Xbox 360, and 21 October 2013 for the PlayStation 3. Alien Rage was met with mixed reviews upon release, with critics viewing the game as generic and prone to major glitches.

Deathmatch (video games)
Deathmatch, also known as free-for-all, is a gameplay mode used in many shooter games, including first-person shooter (FPS) and real-time strategy (RTS) video games, in which the objective is to eliminate opposing players as many times as possible. A deathmatch session typically ends when a predefined frag limit or time limit is reached, with victory awarded to the player who achieves the highest number of frags.
The deathmatch is an evolution of competitive multiplayer modes found in game genres such as fighting games and racing games moving into other genres.
Balesar tehsil
Balesar tehsil is a tehsil in Jodhpur District of Rajasthan state in western India. Headquarters for the tehsil is the village of Balesar.

Balesar tehsil is a central tehsil among the eleven tehsils in Jodhpur District.  It borders Phalodi tehsil to the north, Osian tehsil and Mandor tehsil to the east, Luni tehsil to the southeast, Barmer District to the southwest and Sekhala tehsil to the west.

Jodhpur district
Jodhpur district (IPA: [ˈd͡ʒoːd̪ʱ.pʊɾ]) is a district in the State of Rajasthan in western India. The city of Jodhpur is the administrative headquarters of the district.

As of the 2011 census, it is the second highest populated district of Rajasthan (out of 33), after Jaipur district.

Jodhpur is the historic center of the Marwar region. The district contains Mandore, the ancient capital of the Pratihara Rajput kings (8th-13th centuries), and the Pratiharas' temple city of Osiyan. Jodhpur was founded in the 15th century by Rao Jodha, and served as the capital of the kingdom of Marwar under the Rathore dynasty until after Indian Independence in 1947.
Advanced Rocket Research Center
The Advanced Rocket Research Center (ARRC; Chinese: 前瞻火箭研究中心; pinyin: Qiánzhān Huǒjiàn Yánjiū Zhōngxīn) is a Taiwanese space transport research organization headquartered at National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University in Hsinchu City, Taiwan, with a research focus in hybrid rockets. Founded in April 2012, ARRC is supported by research grants and private donors through crowdsourcing platforms.

National Chiao Tung University
National Chiao Tung University (NCTU) was a public research university in Hsinchu, Taiwan. Established in 1896 as Nanyang Public School by an imperial edict of the Guangxu Emperor, it was one of China's leading universities. After the Chinese Civil War, NCTU was re-established by former Chiao Tung University faculty and alumni in Taiwan in 1958.

NCTU was selected by Taiwan's Ministry of Educations as one of the seven national universities focused on research in 2002. It was subsequently chosen to pursue all-around excellence with "versatile international competitiveness to continuously strengthen international academic influence and visibility".

NCTU was merged with National Yang-Ming University into the newly formed National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University on 1 February 2021.
Main Street Historic District (Roslyn, New York)
The Main Street Historic District is one of two such districts in the village of Roslyn, New York. It is, as its name suggests, located along Main Street between North Hempstead Turnpike (NY 25A) and East Broadway, incorporating Tower Street and portions of Glen Avenue and Paper Mill Road.

County Route C65 (Nassau County, New York)
County Route C65 (CR C65) is a major, 0.76-mile (1.22 km) county highway located in the incorporated village of Roslyn, in Nassau County, New York.

CR C65 consists of East Broadway and a portion of Old Northern Boulevard. It is owned by Nassau County and maintained by the Nassau County Department of Public Works.
WWF Spain
WWF Spain (Spanish: WWF España) is the Spanish section of the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), which is one of the world's largest organizations dedicated to the conservation of nature, with headquarters in more than 100 countries. Its mission is to halt the environmental degradation of the planet and build a future in which humans live in harmony with nature, through the protection and conservation of biodiversity and the reduction of the ecological footprint.

Tablas de Daimiel National Park
Tablas de Daimiel National Park (Parque Nacional de las Tablas de Daimiel) is a wetland on the La Mancha plain, a mainly arid area in the province of Ciudad Real. With an area of about 3,000 hectares, the park is the smallest of Spain's fifteen national parks, and its territory comprises part of Daimiel and Villarrubia de los Ojos municipalities. The protected area is in the process of being expanded outside the original nature reserve to include neighbouring dryland farming areas. The expansion is part of efforts to improve the condition of the wetland, which has been damaged by over-exploitation of water resources.

As well as having national park status, the site enjoys international recognition, being:

a wetland on the list of the Ramsar Convention (1,938 ha)

the core of the Biosphere reserve Mancha Húmeda

a Special Protection Area for birds
Partisans of National Liberation of Afghanistan
Partisans of National Liberation of Afghanistan (PNLA) was founded in 1979 in Nimruz province of Afghanistan by Abdul Karim Brahui and Gul Mohammad Rahimi. It was a Baloch nationalist guerrilla group, representing the Baloch minority of southwestern Afghanistan.

Baloch people
The Baloch people or the Balochs are an Iranian nomadic pastoral ethnic group which speaks the Western Iranic Balochi language and are native to the Balochistan region of South and West Asia, occupying parts of Pakistan, Iran, and Afghanistan. There are also Baloch diaspora communities in neighbouring regions, including in Central Asia, and the Arabian Peninsula.

The majority of the Baloch reside within Pakistan. About 50% of the total Baloch population live in the Pakistani province of Balochistan, while 40% are settled in Sindh and a significant albeit smaller number resides in the Pakistani Punjab. They make up 3.6% of Pakistan's total population, 2% of Iran's population, and around 0.5%–1% of the population of Afghanistan, and the largest non-Arab community in Oman.
Heliopsis decumbens
Heliopsis decumbens is a rare South American species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It has been found only in Peru. It, H. canescens, and H. lanceolata are the only three known species of their genus endemic to South America. All the other species are indigenous to North America, with one (H. buphthalmoides) found on both continents.

Heliopsis buphthalmoides
Heliopsis buphthalmoides is a New World species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is the only member of its genus native to both North America and South America. It is found in Mexico (from Durango and Sinaloa south to Chiapas), all 7 countries of Central America, and western South America (Colombia, Venezuela, Perú, and Bolivia).
Giovanni Gronchi
Giovanni Gronchi (Italian: [dʒoˈvanni ˈɡroŋki]; 10 September 1887 – 17 October 1978) was an Italian politician from Christian Democracy who served as the president of Italy from 1955 to 1962 and was marked by a controversial and failed attempt to bring about an "opening to the left" in Italian politics. He was reputed the real holder of the executive power in Italy from 1955 to 1962, behind the various Prime Ministers of this time. During his term he saw the fall of the Italian Empire in 1960, with the independence of the Somali Republic.

President of Italy
The  president of Italy, officially titled President of the Italian Republic (Italian: Presidente della Repubblica Italiana), is the head of state of Italy. In that role, the president represents national unity and guarantees that Italian politics comply with the Constitution. The president is the commander-in-chief of the Italian Armed Forces and chairs the High Council of the Judiciary. The president serves a seven-year term, with no term limits. The incumbent president is former constitutional judge Sergio Mattarella, who was elected on 31 January 2015, and re-elected on 29 January 2022.
Lhowa language
Lhowa (ल्होवा), also known as Loke Tibetan, Mustang Tibetan and Lhopa is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken by approximately 3,000 Tibetan people of Mustang District in central Nepal (ISO 639-3: loy, GlottoCode: lowa1242).

Central Tibetan
Central Tibetan language, also known as  or Ü-Tsang dialect, Dbus Tibetan, or Ü Tibetan, is the most widely spoken Tibetic language and the basis of Standard Tibetan.

Dbus is the Wylie spelling of the name in Tibetan script, དབུས་, whereas Ü is the pronunciation of the same in Lhasa dialect, [wy˧˥˧ʔ] (or [y˧˥˧ʔ]). All of these names are frequently applied specifically to the prestige dialect of Lhasa.
Marian Engel
Marian Ruth Engel OC (née Passmore; May 24, 1933 – February 16, 1985) was a Canadian novelist and a founding member of the Writers' Union of Canada. Her most famous and controversial novel was Bear (1976), a tale of erotic love between an archivist and a bear.

Toronto Book Awards
The Toronto Book Awards are Canadian literary awards, presented annually by the City of Toronto government to the author of the year's best fiction or non-fiction book or books "that are evocative of Toronto". The award is presented in the fall of each year, with its advance promotional efforts including a series of readings by the nominated authors at each year's The Word on the Street festival.

Each author shortlisted for the award receives $2,000, and the winner or winners receive the balance of $20,000.

The award has frequently gone to multiple winners. 1987 was the first time in the history of the award that only a single winner was named.