hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sail plan
A sail plan is a drawing of a sailing craft, viewed from the side, depicting its sails, the spars that carry them and some of the rigging that supports the rig. By extension, "sail plan" describes the arrangement of sails on a craft. A sailing craft may be waterborne (a ship or boat), an iceboat, or a sail-powered land vehicle.

Spinnaker
A spinnaker is a  sail designed specifically for sailing off the wind on courses between a reach (wind at 90° to the course) to downwind (course in the same direction as the wind). Spinnakers are constructed of lightweight fabric, usually nylon, and are often brightly colored. They may be designed to perform best as either a reaching or a running spinnaker, by the shaping of the panels and seams. They are attached at only three points and said to be flown.
History of Berkhamsted
Berkhamsted was first mentioned in 970 CE and was recorded as a burbium (ancient borough) in the Domesday Book in 1086. Archeology traces a settlement from Neolithic times, through the Bronze Age, the Iron Age, the Roman Occupation to the Norman Conquest.  During the Middle Ages the town of Berkhamsted was a busy wool trading centre. The oldest-known extant jettied timber-framed building in Great Britain, built between 1277 and 1297, survives in the 21st century as a shop on the town's high street.

Cecily Neville, Duchess of York
Cecily Neville (3 May 1415 – 31 May 1495) was an English noblewoman, the wife of Richard, Duke of York (1411–1460), and the mother of two Kings of England—Edward IV and Richard III. She was born at Raby Castle in Durham, and was known for her piety. Although she has been long known as "The Rose of Raby", this sobriquet has no historical basis, since its first mention is found in a late 18th century novel by Agnes Musgrave. She herself signed her name "Cecylle".

Cecily's husband, the Duke of York, was the leading contender for the throne of England from the House of York during the period of the Wars of the Roses until his death in 1460. Their son Edward actually assumed the throne as Edward IV in 1461, after the deposition of King Henry VI of the House of Lancaster. The Duchess of York thus narrowly missed becoming queen consort of England.
Chibo
A chibo (or chebo) is a torch used in the Ethiopian Orthodox ceremonies of Buhe, Meskel, and Enkutatash (the Ethiopian New Year). Chibo is Amharic for "bundle of sticks tied together." Chibo represents the following period of sunny days, from the previous seasons of rain and clouds.

Torch
A torch is a stick with combustible material at one end which can be used as a light source or to set something on fire. Torches have been used throughout history and are still used in processions, symbolic and religious events, and in juggling and entertainment. In some countries, notably the United Kingdom and Australia, "torch" in modern usage is also the term for a battery-operated portable light.
Godapitiya Central College
Godapitiya Central College is a national school located in Matara, Sri Lanka. Though it was originally a Buddhist school, it is now run by the government of Sri Lanka. It was one of the first schools converted to a national school. Godapitiya Central College serves students from grade 6 to grade 13.

National school (Sri Lanka)
A National school (Sinhala: ජාතික පාසල, Jathika Pasala, Tamil: தேசியப் பாடசாலை) in Sri Lanka is a school that is funded and administered by the Ministry of Education of the central government as opposed to Provincial schools run by the local provincial council. These schools provide secondary education (some including collegiate), with some providing primary education as well. The classification began in 1985, with 18 schools being designated as national schools. Today, there are 396 National  Schools in country constituting 3 percent of total National and Provincial Schools.
Styphnolobium japonicum
Styphnolobium japonicum, the Japanese pagoda tree (also known as the Chinese scholar tree and pagoda tree; syn. Sophora japonica) is a species of deciduous tree in the subfamily Faboideae of the pea family Fabaceae.

It was formerly included within a broader interpretation of the genus Sophora. The species of Styphnolobium differ from Sophora in lacking the ability to form symbioses with rhizobia (nitrogen fixing bacteria) on their roots. It also differs from the related genus Calia (mescalbeans) in having deciduous leaves and flowers in axillary, not terminal, racemes. The leaves are alternate, pinnate, with nine to 21 leaflets, and the flowers in pendulous racemes similar to those of the black locust.

Faboideae
The Faboideae are a subfamily of the flowering plant family Fabaceae or Leguminosae. An acceptable alternative name for the subfamily is Papilionoideae, or Papilionaceae when this group of plants is treated as a family.

Members include the pea, the sweet pea, the laburnum, and other legumes. The pea-shaped flowers are characteristic of the Faboideae subfamily and root nodulation is very common. The papilionaceous species vary enormously in size from the tiny Lupinus uncialis only 2 cm in height to Pterocarpus mildbraedii subsp. usumbarensis at up to 75 m (246 ft) height.
Johanna Walpurgis of Leiningen-Westerburg
Johanna Walpurgis of Leiningen-Westerburg (3 June 1647 – 4 November 1687), was a German noblewoman member of the House of Runkel (through female line surnamed Leiningen-Westerburg) and by marriage Duchess of Saxe-Weissenfels.

Born in Schaumburg an der Lahn, she was the third of nineteen children born from the marriage of Georg Wilhelm, Count of Leiningen-Westerburg in Schaumburg and Countess Sophia Elisabeth of Lippe-Detmold. From her eighteen older and younger siblings, eleven survive adulthood: Simon Philipp, Frederick William, Maria Christiana (by marriage Countess Reuss of Lobenstein), Sophia Magdalena (by marriage Countess of Schönburg-Hartenstein), John Anton, Christoph Christian, Johanna Elisabeth (by her two marriages Countess of Wied-Runkel and Metternich-Winneburg), Angelika Catherine (by marriage Countess of Vasaborg), Henry Christian Frederick Ernest, Georg II Charles Louis and Juliana Eleonore (by marriage Countess of Metternich-Winneburg).

Leiningen family
The House of Leiningen is the name of an old German noble family whose lands lay principally in Alsace, Lorraine, Saarland, Rhineland, and the Palatinate. Various branches of this family developed over the centuries and ruled counties with Imperial immediacy.
Deadbeat parent
Deadbeat parent is a US English pejorative term referring to parents who do not fulfill their parental responsibilities, especially when they evade court-ordered child support obligations or custody arrangements. They are also referred to as absentee fathers and mothers. The gender-specific deadbeat father and deadbeat mother are commonly used to refer to people who have parented a child and intentionally fail to pay child support ordered by a family law court or statutory agency such as the Child Maintenance Service.

Paternity fraud
Paternity fraud is one form of misattributed paternity or paternal discrepancy. Specifically, paternity fraud is the intentional misidentification of a child's biological father. Paternity fraud is distinct from other, unintentional misattribution, which may arise from simple error, an accident such as a mix-up during fertility treatment, or a sexual assault.
Asmaa Mahfouz
Asmaa Mahfouz (Egyptian Arabic: أسماء محفوظ, pronounced [ʔæsˈmæːʔ mɑħˈfuːz, ˈʔæsmæ-], born 1 February 1985) is an Egyptian activist and one of the founders of the April 6 Youth Movement. She has been credited by journalist Mona Eltahawy and others with helping to spark a mass uprising through her video blog posted one week before the start of the 2011 Egyptian revolution. She is a prominent member of Egypt's Coalition of the Youth of the Revolution and one of the leaders of the Egyptian revolution.

In 2011 she was one of five recipients of the "Sakharov Prize for Freedom of Thought", awarded for contributions to "historic changes in the Arab world". The other joint recipients were Ahmed al-Senussi, Razan Zaitouneh, Ali Farzat, and Mohamed Bouazizi of the Arab Spring.

Arabian Business placed Mahfouz at #381 on its list of the World's 500 Most Influential Arabs.

Ali Farzat
Ali Farzat or Ali Ferzat (Arabic: علي فرزات; born 22 June 1951) is a Syrian political cartoonist. He has published more than 15,000 caricatures in Syrian, Arab and international newspapers. He serves as the head of the Arab Cartoonists Association. In 2011, he received Sakharov Prize for peace. Farzat was named one of the 100 most influential people in the world by Time magazine in 2012.
1979 Arizona Republic / Jimmy Bryan 150
The 1979 Arizona Republic / Jimmy Bryan 150 was the first round of the 1979 CART season, held on March 11, at Phoenix International Raceway, Avondale, Arizona. It marked the debut of the Championship Auto Racing Teams (CART) era of Indy car racing.

1979 SCCA/CART Indy Car Series
The 1979 SCCA/CART Indy Car Series was the inaugural Championship Auto Racing Teams (CART) American open wheel racing championship series. The season consisted of 14 races. Rick Mears was the national champion, and the rookie of the year was Bill Alsup. The 1979 Indianapolis 500 was sanctioned by USAC, but counted towards the CART points championship. Rick Mears won the Indy 500, his first of four victories in the event.
ALBOAN
ALBOAN is the outreach arm of the Loyola Province of the Society of Jesus for development and social action. It was founded in 1996 but has roots in mission secretariats in San Sebastián, Spain, in Gujarat, India, and in the Far East. It is situated in Spain, specifically in Bilbao, Basque Country and Pamplona, Navarre. In 2004 support for Fe y Alegría was incorporated into ALBOAN. In 2009 offices opened in all provincial capitals and Navarre, with headquarters in Vitoria.

Fe y Alegría
Fe y Alegría (English: Faith and Joy) is an international movement for the popular education, integral education and social promotion. Established in 1955, the federation offers educational programs to the poorest sectors of society, along with teacher training and educational radio. From its main office in Bogotá, Colombia, Fe y Alegría advances the tradition of Jesuit education under an international board of directors.
Shooting at the 1900 Summer Olympics – Men's 300 metre free rifle, prone
The men's 300 metre free rifle prone event was one of five free rifle events of the competitions in the Shooting at the 1900 Summer Olympics events in Paris. It was held from August 3 to August 5, 1900. 30 shooters from 6 nations competed, with five shooters per team. Medals were given for individual high scores in each of the three positions, overall individual high scores, and the scores of the five shooters were summed to give a team score. Achille Paroche of France won the gold medal in the prone event, with Anders Peter Nielsen of Denmark taking silver and Ole Østmo bronze.

Shooting at the 1900 Summer Olympics
At the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris, many shooting events were featured within the concurrent 1900 Exposition Universelle, but only eight events currently are considered as "Olympic" by IOC. Before July 2021 the International Olympic Committee has never decided which events were "Olympic" and which were not. The competitions were held from 3 August to 5 August and took place at the military sporting complex in Satory and at Boulogne-Billancourt.  According to Olympic historian Bill Mallon, one of these nine shooting events (20 metre military pistol) was an event for professionals with prize money and therefore does not meet inclusion criteria for 1900 Olympic Games events.
War of the Succession of Landshut
The War of the Succession of Landshut (Landshuter Erbfolgekrieg in German) resulted from a dispute between the Duchies of Bavaria-Munich (Bayern-München in German) and Bavaria-Landshut (Bayern-Landshut).

Landstände
The Landstände (singular Landstand) or Landtage (singular Landtag) were the various territorial estates or diets in the Holy Roman Empire in the Middle Ages and the early modern period, as opposed to their respective territorial lords (the Landesherrn).
2015 Ecuador Open Quito
The 2015 Ecuador Open Quito was an ATP tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 1st edition of the Ecuador Open as part of the ATP World Tour 250 series of the 2015 ATP World Tour. It took place in Quito, Ecuador from February 2 through February 8, 2015.

Ecuador Open (tennis)
The Ecuador Open Quito was a men's tennis event on the ATP Tour held in the Ecuadorean capital of Quito. Begun in 2015, it was part of the ATP 250 Series. The tournament was played on outdoor clay courts. The event replaced the Chile Open.

The city was previously home to the Quito Open, a Grand Prix-affiliated tournament played from 1979 to 1982.

Quito is located at 2800 metres above sea level, more than twice as high than the Alps tournaments. Players must adapt to thinner air, which causes breathing difficulties and makes the ball faster.

Victor Estrella Burgos won the title in 2015, successfully defended it in 2016 and did so again in 2017. However, he lost in the second round of the 2018 edition to Gerald Melzer.

On 24 August 2018, tournament organisers announced that the tournament had folded due to lack of financial support.
Los Chiles Airport
Los Chiles Airport (IATA: LSL, ICAO: MRLC) is an airport serving the town of Los Chiles in Alajuela Province, Costa Rica. The runway is on the east side of the town, and is 3 kilometres (2 mi) southeast of the Nicaraguan border.

The Liberia VOR-DME (Ident: LIB) is located 56.2 nautical miles (104 km) west-southwest of the airport. The Los Chiles non-directional beacon (Ident: CHI) is located on the field.

Alajuela Province
Alajuela (Spanish pronunciation: [alaˈxwela]) is a province of Costa Rica. It is located in the north-central part of the country, bordering Nicaragua to the north. It also borders the provinces of Heredia to the east, San José to the south, Puntarenas to the southwest and Guanacaste to the west. As of 2011, the province had a population of 885,571. Alajuela is composed of 16 cantons, which are divided into 111 districts. It covers an area of 9,757.53 square kilometers.

The provincial capital is Alajuela. Other large cities include Quesada, Aguas Zarcas, Naranjo, Zarcero, Orotina, Sarchí Norte, Upala, San Ramón, Grecia and Los Chiles.
Paul Roebling
Paul Roebling  (March 1, 1934 – July 27, 1994) was an American actor noted for Blue Thunder, Prince of the City and Carolina Skeletons.  In the  1990 Ken Burns PBS documentary The Civil War, Roebling was the voice of Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain and read the famous letter written by Sullivan Ballou. He also directed his wife, Olga Bellin, in Zelda.

Ken Burns
Kenneth Lauren Burns (born July 29, 1953) is an American filmmaker known for his documentary films and television series, many of which chronicle United States history and culture. His work is often produced in association with WETA-TV or the National Endowment for the Humanities and distributed by PBS. Burns lives in the small town of Walpole, New Hampshire.

Burns's widely known documentary series include The Civil War (1990), Baseball (1994), Jazz (2001), The War (2007), The National Parks: America's Best Idea (2009), Prohibition (2011), The Roosevelts (2014), The Vietnam War (2017), Country Music (2019), and The American Revolution (2025). He was also executive producer of both The West (1996), and Cancer: The Emperor of All Maladies (2015). Burns's documentaries have earned two Academy Award nominations (for 1981's Brooklyn Bridge and 1985's The Statue of Liberty) and have won several Emmy Awards, among other honors.
2022 Scottish Women's Cup final
The 2022 Scottish Women's Cup Final was the 49th official final (51st overall) of the Scottish Women's Cup, the most prestigious knockout football competition in Scotland. The match was played on 29 May 2022 at Tynecastle Park, Edinburgh. Celtic and holders Glasgow City were the finalists, on the first occasion they had faced each other in the final. The match was televised live in the United Kingdom on the free-to-air channel BBC Alba and radio coverage was provided by BBC Sport Scotland.

Celtic won the trophy, with Fran Alonso becoming the first Spanish manager to win the Scottish Cup (either men's or women's version).

Scottish Women's Premier League
The Scottish Women's Premier League (SWPL) is the highest level of league competition in women's football in Scotland. Its two divisions are SWPL (previously styled as SWPL 1) and SWPL 2. The league was formed when the Premier Division of the Scottish Women's Football League (SWFL) broke away to form the SWPL in 2002. SWPL 2 was introduced in 2016.

The divisions contain (in the 2022–23 season) 12 clubs in SWPL and eight in SWPL 2. Glasgow City have won 16 championships, including 14 in succession from 2007–08 until 2020–21. The champions and runners-up qualify for the UEFA Women's Champions League.

From 2002, the league was owned and managed by Scottish Women's Football. Administration of the SWPL was taken over by the Scottish Football Association in 2007, then by the Scottish Professional Football League in 2022. The SWPL runs on the winter calendar but operated a summer-season format from 2009 until 2020.
Delaware Handicap (Saratoga)
The Delaware Handicap was an American Thoroughbred horse race held between 1901 and 1937 at Saratoga Race Course in Saratoga Springs, New York. An event for horses of either sex age three and older, it was contested on dirt over a distance of one mile. While fillies accounted for just under a third of the winners, their victories were marked by a number of dominating performances.

John Sanford (1851–1939)
John Sanford (January 18, 1851 – September 26, 1939) was an American businessman, a prominent owner/breeder of thoroughbred racehorses, and a member of the United States House of Representatives from New York's 20th congressional district.
Judith Harrison
Judith A. Harrison is an American physical chemist and tribologist who is known for pioneering numerical methods that incorporate chemical reactions into modeling studies. She is a professor in the Department of Chemistry at the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland.

American Vacuum Society
AVS: Science and Technology of Materials, Interfaces, and Processing (formally the American Vacuum Society, Inc.) is a professional and scientific society founded in 1953 as a committee on vacuum technology. The AVS supports networking among its approximately 4,500 worldwide members who include representatives of academia, industry, and government. As a member society of the American Institute of Physics, AVS functions as an association of professionals in the scientific disciplines of materials, interfaces, and processing.

The society organizes events, including an annual symposium, and publishes multiple journals, including the Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology (both sections A and B). Additionally, the AVS is a member of the International Union for Vacuum Science, Technique and Applications.
William Malcolm
General William Malcolm (January 23, 1745 – September 1, 1791) was a New York City merchant and officer in the American Revolution. He commanded Malcolm's Regiment, with Aaron Burr as his second in command.

Saint Andrew's Society of the State of New York
The Saint Andrew's Society of the State of New York is the oldest charitable institution in the state of New York and is focused on helping Scots in the New York community with the motto Charity, Fellowship, Scholarship.
Action at a distance
Action at a distance is the concept in physics that an object's motion can be affected by another object without the two being in physical contact; that is, it is the concept of the non-local interaction of objects that are separated in space. Coulomb's law and Newton's law of universal gravitation are based on action at a distance.

Historically, action at a distance was the earliest scientific model for gravity and electricity and it continues to be useful in many practical cases. In the 19th and 20th centuries, field models arose to explain these phenomena with more precision. The discovery of electrons and of special relativity led to new action at a distance models providing alternative to field theories. Under our modern understanding, the four fundamental interactions (gravity, electromagnetism, the strong interaction and the weak interaction) in all of physics are not described by action at a distance.

Aether theories
In the history of physics, aether theories (or ether theories) proposed the existence of a medium, a space-filling substance or field as a transmission medium for the propagation of electromagnetic or gravitational forces. Using a substantial aether fell out of use in modern physics after experiments like the Michelson–Morley experiment of July 1887 which failed to detect an aether. The development of special relativity theories made aether theory unnecessary.

This early modern aether has little in common with the aether of classical elements from which the name was borrowed. The assorted theories embody the various conceptions of this medium and substance.
Commander Karachi
The Commander Karachi (COMKAR) is a formal designation in the Pakistan Navy, typically held by a three-star vice admiral. The COMKAR heads the Pakistan Karachi Command, overseeing the administration and operation of all naval establishments and training units in Karachi. It is one of the six command-in-field designations in the navy and ranks as the second-highest position after the commander, Pakistan Fleet (COMPAK). The current commander of the Karachi Command is vice admiral Muhammad Faisal Abbasi who assumed the role on 12 October 2024.

In 1994, the Pakistan Navy operated under four main commands: COMPAK, responsible for the fleet; COMLOG, overseeing logistics; COMFORNAV, managing naval installations in northern Pakistan; and COMKAR, which has been serving as the naval head of Karachi Command and is responsible for overseeing the only major naval base in Karachi.

Vice Chief of the Naval Staff (Pakistan)
The Vice Chief of the Naval Staff (VCNS) is the post that is, in principle, the deputy and the second-in-command (S-in-C) of the Pakistan Navy and is also the most senior Principal Staff Officer (PSO) at NHQ, reporting and functioning under the Chief of the Naval Staff. This post is usually held by a senior flag officer of Vice Admiral rank.
Milton Balkany
Milton Yehoshua Balkany (born 1946) is an American Orthodox Jewish, past director of the Jewish  girls′ school Bais Yaakov of Midwood, conservative political activist and fundraiser from Brooklyn, New York, dubbed "the Brooklyn Bundler."

Beth din
A beth din (Hebrew: בֵּית דִּין, romanized: Bēṯ Dīn, Beit Din, lit. 'house of judgment', [beːθ ˈdiːn], Ashkenazic: beis din, plural: batei din) is a rabbinical court of Judaism. A hearing held before a beth din is called a din Torah (Hebrew: דין תורה, romanized: din Torah, lit. 'Torah law', plural dinei Torah). A beth din can be found both in Israel and in many Jewish diaspora communities.

A ruling (Hebrew: פסק, romanized: psak) from a beth din is based upon Jewish law (Hebrew: הלכה, romanized: halakha), though other legal systems are occasionally incorporated. Because it is not part of secular legal systems, when a case overlaps with secular courts its judgment is not always recognized by such courts.