hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cnodontes vansomereni
Cnodontes vansomereni, the Van Someren's buff, is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in south-western Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia (from Lusaka northwards), the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Lualaba and Haut-Shaba) and Angola. The habitat consists of deciduous woodland, thorn-bush and Brachystegia woodland.

Brachystegia
Brachystegia is a genus of tree of the subfamily Detarioideae that is native to tropical Africa.

Trees of the genus are commonly known as miombo, and are dominant in the miombo woodlands of central and southern tropical Africa. The Zambezian region is the centre of diversity for the genus.
Louis Ayres
William Louis Ayres (1874–November 30, 1947), better known by his professional name Louis Ayres, was an American architect who was one of the most prominent designers of monuments, memorials, and buildings in the nation in the early part of the 20th century. His style is characterized as Medievalist, often emphasizing elements of Romanesque Revival and Italian Renaissance, and Byzantine Revival architecture. He is best known for designing the United States Memorial Chapel at the Meuse-Argonne American Cemetery and Memorial and the Herbert C. Hoover U.S. Department of Commerce Building.

Neo-Byzantine architecture
Neo-Byzantine architecture (also referred to as Byzantine Revival) was a revival movement, most frequently seen in religious, institutional and public buildings. It incorporates elements of the Byzantine style associated with Eastern and Orthodox Christian architecture dating from the 5th through 11th centuries, notably that of Constantinople (present-day Istanbul) and the Exarchate of Ravenna.

Neo-Byzantine architecture emerged in the 1840s in Western Europe and peaked in the last quarter of the 19th century with the Sacré-Coeur Basilica in Paris, and with monumental works in the Russian Empire, and later Bulgaria. The Neo-Byzantine school was active in Yugoslavia in the interwar period.
Honduras and La Negra farms massacre
The Honduras and La Negra farms massacre, also known as the Urabá massacre, was the 4 March 1988 mass killing of farmworkers at the Honduras and La Negra farms in Turbo, Urabá, Antioquia, Colombia.

20-30 armed men in civilian clothing attacked the Honduras farm in Currulao, Antioquia and killed 17 of its unionized peasant banana workers. The same men then traveled to the nearby La Negra farm and killed three of its workers.

The perpetrators were concluded to be assassins financed by the Association of Farmers and Stockbreeders of Magdalena Medio (ACDEGAM) in coordination with the Colombian Army's Voltíjeros battalion, who were aided by former Popular Liberation Army (EPL) guerrillas.

Currulao, Antioquia
Currulao is a Colombian coregiment of the municipality of Turbo in the Department of Antioquia. Currulao became a municipality by ordinance 13 segregating from the town of Turbo as a Special Portuary District. But some months later the Court of Antioquia said that only the Congress of Colombia could solve the lawsuit. Currulao has 21,048 people and 474 km².
Garth Castle
56°37′43″N 4°01′00″W﻿ / ﻿56.628738°N 4.016531°W﻿ / 56.628738; -4.016531
Garth Castle (Scottish Gaelic: Caisteal a' Chuilein Churta, transl. Castle of the fierce wolf) is a 14th-century castle in the form of a tower house and keep, located close to Coshieville in Glen Lyon in the council area of Perth and Kinross. Although the castle has a long and storied existence, it is Alexander Stewart, Earl of Buchan, the Wolf of Badenoch who is most associated with it, having died there in 1396.

Tower house
A tower house is a particular type of stone structure, built for defensive purposes as well as habitation. Tower houses began to appear in the Middle Ages, especially in mountainous or limited access areas, to command and defend strategic points with reduced forces. At the same time, they were also used as an aristocrat's residence, around which a castle town was often constructed.
Alain Roux (historian)
Alain Roux (Chinese name: Chinese: 鲁林; pinyin: Lǔ Lín) is a French historian, sinologist, university professor emeritus at the National Institute of Oriental Languages and Civilizations (Inalco). His subjects concern China and in particular Chinese workers in the 20th century, Chinese political elites in Republican China. He has also written substantial biographies of Chiang Kai-shek and Mao Zedong.

Alain Roux obtained  l'agrégation d’histoire  in 1960, he has been professor emeritus since 2002. His research has focused on the Chinese labor movement in Shanghai before the Communist Party came to power in 1949, Shanghainese society during the Kuomintang era, and the intellectual Qu Qiubai.

Regarding the book Le Singe et le Tigre : Mao, un destin chinois published in 2009, the sinologist Lucien Bianco indicates that this monumental biography of Mao Zedong "is not only very detailed, it is reliable, generally accurate and always impartial" .

Sinology
Sinology, also referred to as China studies, is a subfield of area studies or East Asian studies involved in social sciences and humanities research on China. It is an academic discipline that focuses on the study of the Chinese civilization primarily through Chinese language, history, culture, literature, philosophy, art, music, cinema, and science. Its origin "may be traced to the examination which Chinese scholars made of their own civilization."

The academic field of sinology often refers to Western scholarship. Until the 20th century, it was historically seen as equivalent to philology concerning the Chinese classics and other literature written in the Chinese language. Since then, the scope of sinology has expanded to include Chinese history and palaeography, among other subjects.
Daisy Coburn
Daisy May Keeley Coburn (born 27 October 1993), is a British singer and songwriter. She previously performed under the stage name Daisy Dares You, a reference to the character of the same name from the 1990s British television show ZZZap!. After performing under this name between 2009 and 2010 and recording an album which was never released, she was dropped by her record label. 
As of 2013 she is in a Brighton-based band called Pink Lizards, where she plays guitar and is the lead singer.
From 2015 she has been performing and releasing music in her Brighton-based band Clever Thing alongside Rich Fownes (Bad For Lazarus, UNKLE, Eighties Matchbox B-line Disaster, Nine Inch Nails)

ZZZap!
Zzzap (rendered ZZZap!) is a British children's television comedy programme. The concept of the show is a giant, 18 ft (5.5 m) tall comic book that has been brought to life. The show was broadcast on ITV from 8 January 1993 until 21 September 2001 and was produced for ten series by The Media Merchants and Meridian Broadcasting.
Rhynchocypris semotilus
Rhynchocypris semotilus is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Leuciscidae, which includes the daces, chubs, true minnows and related fishes. It is endemic to the Korean peninsula.

Phoxinus
Phoxinus is a genus of freshwater fish in the family Leuciscidae of order Cypriniformes, and the only members of the subfamily Phoxininae, or Eurasian minnows. The other species in this genus are also commonly known as minnows. The name "minnow" was what early English fisherman used to describe "small and insignificant". The genus Phoxinus is found throughout Eurasia, and includes 21 known species. Previously, members of the North American genus Chrosomus were also believed to form part of this genus.
John Murphy (fiddler)
John Francis (Boss) Murphy (1875–1955) from The Leap, Churchtown, Co. Cork was a farmer by profession, but possessed a keen interest in fiddle playing, and was renowned locally for his ability on the instrument. His father, William Murphy (1829–1911), was both a fiddle player and maker, indeed John was the proud owner of an instrument that had been made by his father, who was his first fiddle teacher. His siblings, a brother, and three sisters, also played the instrument but their interest in music waned as they reached adulthood and they did not continue to play. Murphy's musical literacy was also gained primarily from his father, who had learned to read music at a hedge school at Ballygrace in the locality taught by Thomas Croke. The same Thomas Croke, many years later, stayed for long periods in the Murphy household and would undoubtedly also have taught the young John Murphy directly.

Hedge school
Hedge schools (Irish names include  scoil chois claí, scoil ghairid and scoil scairte) were small informal secret and illegal schools, particularly in 18th-century Ireland, teaching the rudiments of primary education to children of 'non-conforming' faiths (Catholic and Presbyterian). Prior to the repeal of the Education Act 1695 (7 Will. 3. c. 4 (I)) by the Roman Catholic Relief Act 1782 (21 & 22 Geo. 3 (I). c. 24 (I)), only schools run by subscribers to the Anglican faith were allowed to operate. Instead, Catholics and Presbyterians set up secret and illegal schools that met in private homes.
Luke Inman
Luke Inman (born 27 December 1977) is an Australian former professional rugby union player.

Inman is a nephew of rugby league player Bob McCarthy and elder brother of rugby union player Mitch Inman.

A Waverley College product, Inman made over 100 first-grade appearances with Sydney University, where he studied for a medical degree. He broke into the Waratahs side during the 2001 Super 12 season, taking the centre position vacated by Jason Little, who had left to play in England. By the end of the season, Inman had crossed for five tries, two of which came in an away match against the Hurricanes in New Plymouth. He represented Australia in rugby sevens, including at the 2006 Commonwealth Games in Melbourne, with the team finishing fourth.

Inman has held the chief medical officer roles at NRL clubs Manly, Sydney Roosters and Canterbury.

Waverley College
Waverley College is a dual-campus independent Catholic early learning, primary and secondary day school for boys, located on Birrell and Henrietta Street in Waverley, in the eastern suburbs of Sydney, Australia. The school was founded by the Congregation of Christian Brothers in 1903 and is operated in the tradition of Blessed Edmund Rice through its membership of Edmund Rice Education Australia.

The non-selective College caters for approximately 1,400 students from early learning; and Year 5 to Year 12 across two campuses.

In 2023, the school celebrated 120 years of Catholic education.
John McHugh (footballer, born 1943)
John McHugh (born 6 July 1943) is a Scottish former footballer.

McHugh began his senior career with Clyde in 1961. He went on to become a stalwart of the team, making 450 competitive appearances for the Glasgow club in 14 years, scoring 19 goals.

McHugh left Clyde in 1975, and joined Forfar Athletic, where he stayed for two years, making 77 appearances, scoring 1 goal. He retired in 1977, having clocked up 527 senior career appearances and 20 goals.

While at Clyde, McHugh was called up to the Scotland national team at least three times, but was never capped. He was called into the squad for friendlies against Netherlands, Portugal and Brazil in 1966. He did represent Glasgow against Leeds United in the Glasgow Charity Cup Final at Hampden in 1966.

Glasgow Charity Cup
The Glasgow Merchants' Charity Cup was a knockout football tournament open to teams from in and around Glasgow and later on in the tournament's history, teams from outwith Glasgow. Invitations were made and sent out by the Glasgow Charity Cup Committee (GCCC) at their discretion, but no criteria were ever published.

Like many domestic competitions in Scottish football, it was dominated by the Old Firm of Rangers and Celtic, with 31 and 28 victories each respectively. In the latter years of the tournament, it ceased being a knockout tournament and became a one-off contest between a Glasgow Select and a team invited from the English League.
Villem Reimann
Villem Reimann (19 March 1906, Pärnu – 8 June 1992, Tallinn) was a Soviet and Estonian composer and pedagogue.

From 1925 to 1927 he studied piano in Tallinn Conservatory. In 1933 he graduated from Tallinn Conservatory in composition speciality under instructor Artur Kapp, and in 1936 in piano specialty under Artur Lemba.

From 1942 to 1992 he was a pedagogue of music theory subjects and chamber music in Estonian Academy of Music and Theatre.

Since 1944 he was a member of Estonian Composers' Union.

Estonian Composers' Union
Estonian Composers' Union (abbreviation ECU; Estonian: Eesti Heliloojate Liit) is an Estonian creative union which encompasses professional composers and musicologists in Estonia. The chairman of ECU is Märt-Matis Lill.

Since 2005, ECU is a member of the International Society of Contemporary Music (ISCM).

As of 2021, ECU has 120 members.
Acanthothecis saxicola
Acanthothecis saxicola is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling) lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in Brazil, it was formally described as a new species in 2022 by André Aptroot, Robert Lücking, and Marcela Eugenia da Silva M.Cáceres. The type specimen was collected near Poço Azul (Riachão, Maranhão) at an altitude of 450 m (1,480 ft); here, in a cerrado forest, it was found growing on an overhanging sandstone. The lichen has an ochraceous white thallus lacking a cortex and a prothallus. Its asci contains eight spores, and the ascospores are hyaline, measuring 22–30 by 5 μm with 6 to 8 transverse septa. Acanthothecis saxicola contains stictic acid, a lichen product detectable using thin-layer chromatography.

Prothallus
A prothallus, or prothallium, (from Latin pro = forwards and Greek θαλλος (thallos) = twig) is usually the gametophyte stage in the life of a fern or other pteridophyte. Occasionally, the term is also used to describe the young gametophyte of a liverwort or peat moss as well. In lichens, it refers to the region of the thallus that is free of algae.

The prothallus develops from a germinating spore. It is a short-lived and inconspicuous heart-shaped structure typically 2–5 millimeters wide, with a number of rhizoids (root-like hairs) growing underneath, and the sex organs: archegonium (female) and antheridium (male). Appearance varies quite a lot between species. Some are green and conduct photosynthesis while others are colorless and nourish themselves underground as saprotrophs.
Terminalia ferdinandiana
Terminalia ferdinandiana, most commonly known as the Kakadu plum and also called the gubinge, billygoat plum, green plum, salty plum, murunga, mador and other names, is a flowering plant in the family Combretaceae, native to Australia, widespread throughout the tropical woodlands from north-western Australia to eastern Arnhem Land. Used as a traditional bush food and bush medicine for centuries, the fruit has especially high levels of vitamin C.

Combretaceae
The Combretaceae, often called the white mangrove family, are a family of flowering plants in the order Myrtales. The family includes about 530 species of trees, shrubs, and lianas in 10 genera. The family includes the leadwood tree, Combretum imberbe. Three genera, Conocarpus, Laguncularia, and Lumnitzera, grow in mangrove habitats (mangals). The Combretaceae are widespread in the subtropics and tropics. Some members of this family produce useful construction timber, such as idigbo from Terminalia ivorensis. The commonly cultivated Quisqualis indica (as well as the entire former genus Quisqualis) is now placed in the genus Combretum. Many plants in the former Quisqualis genus contain quisqualic acid, a potent nerve toxin.
Sechura language
The Sechura language, also known as Sec, is an extinct language spoken in the Department of Piura of Peru, near the port of Sechura. It appears to have become extinct by the beginning of the 20th century. The only documentation is that of an 1863 word list by Richard Spruce, as well as a word list by Bishop Martínez Compañón (1782–1790).

Baltasar Jaime Martínez Compañón
Baltasar Jaime Martínez Compañón (1737–1797) was a Spanish prelate who served as Bishop of Trujillo, Peru from 1779 to 1790, at Trujillo Cathedral, and Archbishop of Bogotá, New Granada, from 1790 to 1797. He was responsible for founding new towns, building schools, and reforming the silver mine at Hualgayoc. He is most remarkable for his efforts to educate Trujillo's Indians and for his research into local plants, animals, archaeological ruins, music, and native cultures.
1998 Maine gubernatorial election
The 1998 Maine gubernatorial election took place on November 3, 1998 to elect the governor of Maine. Incumbent Independent governor Angus King won re-election to a second term, defeating Republican nominee James B. Longley Jr., Democratic nominee Thomas J. Connolly, Green Independent nominee Pat LaMarche and Taxpayers' Party nominee William P. Clarke Jr.

This election was the first since 1982 in which the winning candidate received greater than 50% of the vote; this was not achieved again until 2018. This is currently the most recent election that Maine elected an independent governor. It is also the most recent gubernatorial election in which a candidate won every county in the state.

Maine Democratic Party
The Maine Democratic Party is the affiliate of the Democratic Party in the U.S. state of Maine.

After the Civil War, Democrats were a minor player in a political scene dominated by the Republican Party. However, during the 1950s, Edmund Muskie led an expansive political insurgency culminating in his election as Governor of Maine and successive Democratic elections to both state and national offices.

It is currently the state's favored party, controlling both houses of the state legislature, governorship, and both of Maine's U.S. House seats. One of Maine's U.S. Senate seats is currently held by Angus King, an Independent who caucuses with the Democrats.
Juliana Cherera
Juliana Whonge Cherera was the Vice Chair at Kenya's Electoral agency IEBC until her resignation on 5th Dec 2022. She became a public subject in Kenya in mid-August 2022 after leading three other commissioners Francis Wanderi, Irene Masit, and Justus Nyang’aya in disowning the 2022 Kenyan general election results read out by Chair Wafula Chebukati terming them to be 'opaque'. The Cherera Four were Dissenting  Members. They had a right under Article 17 to request a postponement of the announcement of the results, given that the commission was still within the legal time limits.  Commonly referred to as The Cherera Four, history will record that they saw themselves as referees who just wanted the right things to be done right and hence earned no friends on either side of the political divide.

Wafula Chebukati
Wafula Wanyonyi Chebukati (19 December 1961 – 20 February 2025) was a Kenyan lawyer most known for serving as chairman of the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission (IEBC), which is responsible for overseeing elections in Kenya. Wafula Chebukati was appointed to the position on a six-year tenure in January 2017 by the retired President of Kenya Uhuru Kenyatta. Following his appointment in 2017, he succeeded Ahmed Issack Hassan. He retired on 17 January 2023, following the end of his term. He led Kenya through two heavily contested and controversial general elections; August 2017 and 2022 General Elections.

His tenure at Kenya's electoral body was also one marred with resignation of IEBC commissioners, including his deputies, who faulted his leadership.
1662 Hyūga-nada earthquake
The 1662 Hyūga-nada earthquake and tsunami affected southern Japan on 30 October at 23:01 local time. The earthquake, estimated at Mw  7.9, was considered the largest in the Hyūga Sea in recorded history. It produced strong coastal shaking corresponding to Shindo 6, causing damage to homes across Kyushu. The tsunami that followed reached 5 m (16 ft) in height, worsening the damage and flooding the coastline. Boats and ships were also destroyed. At least 200 people were reported dead. The earthquake was possibly associated with subduction beneath the Hyūga Sea.

Slow earthquake
A slow earthquake, also known as a silent earthquake, is a discontinuous, earthquake-like event that releases energy over a period of hours to months, rather than the seconds to minutes characteristic of a typical earthquake. First detected using long term strain measurements, most slow earthquakes now appear to be accompanied by fluid flow and related tremor, which can be detected and approximately located using seismometer data filtered appropriately (typically in the 1–5 Hz band).  That is, they are quiet compared to a regular earthquake, but not "silent" as described in the past.

Slow earthquakes should not be confused with tsunami earthquakes, in which relatively slow rupture velocity produces tsunami out of proportion to the triggering earthquake. In a tsunami earthquake, the rupture propagates along the fault more slowly than usual, but the energy release occurs on a similar timescale to other earthquakes.
Smokin Wanjala
Smokin Wanjala is a Kenyan lawyer and a justice of the Supreme Court of Kenya. He holds a Ph.D. in law from the University of Ghent, Belgium. He also holds a Master of Laws degree from the Columbia University in the United States and a Bachelor of Laws (LLB) degree from the University of Nairobi. Wanjala lectured at the University of Nairobi for 15 years, teaching international law, international human rights law, land law and criminal law.

University of Nairobi
The University of Nairobi (uonbi or UoN; Swahili: Chuo Kikuu cha Nairobi) is a collegiate research university based in Nairobi and is the largest university in Kenya. Although its history as an educational institution dates back to 1956, it did not become an independent university until 1970. During that year, the University of East Africa was split into three independent universities: the Makerere University in Uganda, the University of Dar es Salaam in Tanzania, and the University of Nairobi in Kenya.

During the 2023 academic year, the university had 49,047 students, of whom 35,897 were undergraduates and 11,003 were postgraduates. The university launched several policy frameworks and introduced self-funded enrollment (also called 'module 2') to cope with the rising demand for higher education in Kenya.
William Inglis (auctioneer)
William Inglis (8 March 1832 – 12 January 1896) was an Australian auctioneer and stock agent.

He was born in Sydney to merchant Thomas Inglis and Catherine Ross. He was five years a whaler and then a goldminer in the Ovens Valley before returning to his parents' property near Camden. On 3 March 1858 he married Flora McKinnon. He entered into an auctioneering partnership with Joseph Butler in 1867, which he ran alone from 1877. It continues today as William Inglis & Son.

He conducted his business between Castlereagh and Pitt streets, where he had a "horse bazaar". He ran unsuccessfully for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly in 1889 as a Protectionist candidate for Balmain. A banquet was given in his honour in 1895. Known for his trademark top hat, Inglis died at his home in Leichhardt. Two of his sons, John and William, followed him in the auctioneering trade.

Pitt Street
Pitt Street is a major street in the Sydney central business district in New South Wales, Australia. The street runs through the entire city centre from Circular Quay in the north to Waterloo, although today's street is in two disjointed sections after a substantial stretch of it was removed to make way for Sydney's Central railway station. Pitt Street is well known for the pedestrian only retail centre of Pitt Street Mall, a section of the street which runs from King Street to Market Street.

Pitt Street is a one way (southbound only) from Circular Quay to Pitt Street Mall and (northbound only) from Pitt Street Mall to Goulburn Street, while Pitt Street Mall is for pedestrians only. It is dominated by retail and commercial office space.