hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Casper Kruse House
Casper Kruse House, also known as the Wilhelmina Stumpe House, is a historic home located at Washington, Franklin County, Missouri. It was built about 1868, and is a 1+1⁄2-story, three-bay, side entry brick dwelling on a stone foundation.  It has a side-gable roof and low segmental arched door and window openings.  Also on the property is a contributing two-story brick smokehouse.: 5

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.

Franklin County, Missouri
Franklin County is located in the U.S. state of Missouri. At the 2020 census, the population was 104,682. Its county seat is Union. The county was organized in 1818 and is named after Founding Father Benjamin Franklin. Franklin County is part of the St. Louis, MO-IL Metropolitan Statistical Area and contains some of the city's exurbs. It is located along the south side of the Missouri River. The county has wineries that are included in the Hermann AVA (American Viticultural Area) and is part of the region known as the Missouri Rhineland, which extends on both sides of the Missouri River.
Yang Paifeng
Yang Paifeng (楊排風) is a fictional character from the Generals of the Yang Family legends. She is a maid in the Tianbo House, home to the Yang family. She learned martial arts by imitating the moves practiced by Yang family members, using a metal rod that she was supposed to use to tend the kitchen fire. It is implied that she is not related to the family by blood, and took on the surname Yang because she was an orphan.

While most "good" servants in ancient Chinese literature are stereotypically subservient, Yang Paifeng is portrayed as outspoken, decisive and fearless.

Chinese literature
The history of Chinese literature extends thousands of years, and begins with the earliest recorded inscriptions, court archives, building to the major works of philosophy and history written during the Axial Age. The Han (202 BC – 220 AD) and Tang (618–907 AD) dynasties were considered golden ages of poetry, while the Song (960–1279) and Yuan (1271–1368) were notable for their lyrics (ci), essays, dramas, and plays. During the Ming and Qing, mature novels were written in written vernacular Chinese, an evolution from the preeminence of Literary Chinese patterned off the language of the Chinese classics. The introduction of widespread woodblock printing during the Tang and the invention of movable type printing by Bi Sheng (990–1051) during the Song rapidly spread written knowledge throughout China. Around the turn of the 20th century, the author Lu Xun (1881–1936) is considered an influential voice of vernacular Chinese literature.
Colorno
Colorno (Parmigiano: Colórni) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Parma, within the Italian region of Emilia-Romagna. It is located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) northwest of Bologna and approximately 15 kilometres (9 mi) north of Parma.

Colorno borders the following municipalities: Casalmaggiore, Gussola, Martignana di Po, Mezzani, Sissa Trecasali, and Torrile.

Casalmaggiore
Casalmaggiore (Casalasco-Viadanese: Casalmagiùr) is a comune in the province of Cremona, Lombardy, Italy, located on the Po River. It was the birthplace of Italian composers Ignazio Donati and Andrea Zani.
Recently, its women's volleyball team Volleyball Casalmaggiore has played in the Serie A1, winning the championship in the 2014–15 season.

Sights include the Duomo (cathedral), the Museo Diotti, and the Bijoux Museum.
Henry Youle Hind
Henry Youle Hind (1 June 1823 – 8 August 1908) was a Canadian geologist and explorer. He was born in Nottingham, England, and immigrated to Canada, settling in Toronto, Ontario, in 1846. Hind led expeditions to explore the Canadian prairies in 1857 and 1858. In 1857, he explored the Red and Assiniboine River valleys, and in 1858, the Assiniboine, Souris, Qu'Appelle, and South Saskatchewan River valleys.  The expeditions are described in his reports Narrative of the Canadian Red River Exploring Expedition of 1857 and Reports of Progress on the Assiniboine and Saskatchewan Exploring Expedition. Hind's activities changed perceptions of the North West and helped open up the Canadian Prairies for agriculture settlement.

Roseau River (Manitoba–Minnesota)
The Roseau River is a 214-mile-long (344 km) tributary of the Red River of the North, in southern Manitoba in Canada and northwestern Minnesota in the United States. Via the Red River, Lake Winnipeg and the Nelson River, it is part of the watershed of Hudson Bay.

The name is from the French for reed, roseau, in turn from the Ojibwe Gaa-zhaazhaaganashkokaawi-ziibi, "river where it is abundant with emerging rush" for the upper Roseau River.  The lower Roseau River and South Fork Roseau River are named Okwewanashko-ziibi in Ojibwe.

The river flows through the Roseau River Anishinabe First Nation.  It is also the namesake for the community of Roseau River in Manitoba.
Run-time type information
In computer programming, run-time type information or run-time type identification (RTTI) is a feature of some programming languages (such as C++, Object Pascal, and Ada) that exposes information about an object's data type at runtime. Run-time type information may be available for all types or only to types that explicitly have it (as is the case with Ada). Run-time type information is a specialization of a more general concept called type introspection.

In the original C++ design, Bjarne Stroustrup did not include run-time type information, because he thought this mechanism was often misused.

Execution (computing)
In computing, execution is the process by which a computer program is processed to perform the actions that it encodes. As the processor follows the program instructions, effects are produced in accordance with the semantics of those instructions. The term run is generally synonymous. The act of starting execution is often called launching or invoking in addition to executing and running.

An execution processor comes in many forms. A machine code program may be executed via the programmable interface of a computer where execution involves repeatedly following a fetch–decode–execute cycle for each program instruction executed by the control unit. Source code may be executed by interpreter software. A program may be executed in a batch process without human interaction or a user may type commands in an interactive session.
Nigel Anthony
Nigel Anthony (born 23 December 1941 in Reading, Berkshire) is an English theatre, television, narrator and radio actor. His theatre work includes Twelfth Night, Dutch Uncle, Happy End, The Taming of the Shrew for the Royal Shakespeare Company and seasons at Scarborough and Chichester. Television appearances include Ted Roach in Casualty (series 1 and 2) The Diary of Anne Frank, Coronation Street, Midsomer Murders, C.A.T.S. Eyes, Wycliffe and Doctors.

He has spent a large part of his career working in radio drama where he won a Sony award and a Radio Times award.

C.A.T.S. Eyes
C.A.T.S. Eyes is a British television series made by TVS for ITV between 1985 and 1987. The series was a spin-off from The Gentle Touch, and saw Jill Gascoine reprise her role as Maggie Forbes, portrayed as having left the police force to join an all-female private detective agency called "Eyes", based in Kent, that is a front for a Home Office team called C.A.T.S. (Covert Activities Thames Section). The first series of C.A.T.S. Eyes was shown on Friday nights in 1985, before moving to a Saturday night slot for the second and third series. The series was a ratings success, regularly in the top twenty most-watched programmes each week of broadcast.
To Life (film)
To Life (original title: À la vie) is a 2014 French drama film directed and co-written by Jean-Jacques Zilbermann. The film was presented in the Piazza Grande section at the 2014 Locarno International Film Festival. The film stars Julie Depardieu, Johanna ter Steege and Suzanne Clément.

Locarno Film Festival
The Locarno International Film Festival is a major international film festival held annually in Locarno, Switzerland. Founded in 1946, the festival screens films in various competitive and non-competitive sections, including feature-length narrative, documentary, short, avant-garde, and retrospective programs. The Piazza Grande section is held in an open-air venue that seats 8,000 spectators.

The top prize of the festival is the Golden Leopard, awarded to the best film in the International Competition. Other awards include the Leopard of Honour for career achievement, and the Prix du Public, the public choice award.
Microscopy and Microanalysis
Microscopy and Microanalysis is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that covers original research in the fields of microscopy, imaging, and compositional analysis, including electron microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and live-cell imaging. It is published for the Microscopy Society of America.

It was established in February 1995, and was published by Cambridge University Press until Volume 29. All articles published until then first appeared online in The Cambridge Core section known as FirstView. From Volume 29 and onward, the journal was published by the Oxford University Press. According to the Journal Citation Reports, its 2019 impact factor is 3.414.

Atomic force microscopy
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) or scanning force microscopy (SFM) is a very-high-resolution type of scanning probe microscopy (SPM), with demonstrated resolution on the order of fractions of a nanometer, more than 1000 times better than the optical diffraction limit.
Marttinen
Marttinen is a Finnish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Aati Marttinen (born 1997), Finnish footballer

Alpo K. Marttinen (1908–1975), Finnish colonel

Erkki Marttinen (1926–2004), Finnish swimmer

Jyri Marttinen (born 1982), Finnish ice hockey player

Matias Marttinen (born 1990), Finnish politician

Tauno Marttinen (1912–2008), Finnish composer

Matias Marttinen
Matias Marttinen (born 25 June 1990 in Rauma) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the National Coalition Party at the Satakunta constituency. He has served as minister of employment since 2025.
The European Security Order Recast
The European Security Order Recast: Scenarios for the Post-Cold War Era was a 1990 international relations book by Barry Buzan, Morten Kelstrup, Pierre Lemaitre, Elzbieta Tromer and Ole Waever. The book focused on structural transformations in European security at the end of the Cold War and argues that concerns about traditional military security would decrease and that the issue of societal security would become more important in the future. The work is considered to be belong to the Copenhagen School of security studies.

Pierre Lemaitre
Pierre Lemaitre (born 19 April 1951) is a French author and a screenwriter, internationally known for crime novels featuring the fictional character Commandant Camille Verhœven.

His first novel translated to English was Alex, it jointly won the CWA International Dagger for best translated crime novel of 2013.

In November 2013, Lemaitre was awarded the Prix Goncourt, France's top literary prize, for Au revoir là-haut (published in English as The Great Swindle), an epic about World War I.  His novels Camille and The Great Swindle won the CWA International Dagger in 2015 and 2016 respectively.
Aleut Restitution Act of 1988
The Aleut Restitution Act of 1988 (also known as the Aleutian and Pribilof Islands Restitution Act) was a reparation settlement passed by the United States Congress in 1988, in response to the internment of Aleut people living in the Aleutian Islands during World War II. On August 10, 1988, it was formally passed with the passage titled Public Law 100-383: "Restitution for World War II Internment of Japanese-Americans and Aleuts". The act did not provide a formal apology, although the Japanese part of the bill did include one. Upon its passing, then President Ronald Reagan gave the formal apology by stating the relocation was done for the Aleuts own protection, but acknowledged that property had been lost or damaged during the relocation.

Before the Japanese invasion of Attu and Kiska in 1942, the United States forcibly relocated some 800 Aleuts to camps in Southeast Alaska, where it is estimated that more than 1 in 10 evacuees perished.

Southeast Alaska
57°34′48″N 135°29′14″W﻿ / ﻿57.58000°N 135.48722°W﻿ / 57.58000; -135.48722

Southeast Alaska, often abbreviated to southeast or southeastern, and sometimes called the Alaska(n) panhandle, is the southeastern portion of the U.S. state of Alaska, bordered to the east and north by the northern half of the Canadian province of British Columbia (and a small part of Yukon). The majority of southeast Alaska is situated in Tlingit Aaní, much of which is part of the Tongass National Forest, the United States' largest national forest. In many places, the international border runs along the crest of the Boundary Ranges of the Coast Mountains (see Alaska boundary dispute). The region is noted for its scenery and mild, rainy climate.

The largest cities in the region are Juneau, Sitka, and Ketchikan. This region is also home to Hyder, the easternmost town in Alaska.
Gorzanów
Gorzanów [ɡɔˈʐanuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bystrzyca Kłodzka, within Kłodzko County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. There is a large Gorzanów Castle in the village.

Geographical Dictionary of the Kingdom of Poland
The Geographical Dictionary of the Kingdom of Poland and other Slavic Countries (Polish: Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich) is a monumental Polish gazetteer, published 1880–1902 in Warsaw by Filip Sulimierski, Bronisław Chlebowski, Władysław Walewski, and others.
Ben (Hebrew)
The Hebrew word Ben (בן‎), meaning "son" or "boy" and also "son of", forms part of many surnames in Hebrew also found in Arabic as bin/ben or ibn/ebn (‏بن‎ or ‏ابن‎) or Binu (בינו). In the English Bible, such names include:

Ben-ammi, "son of my people"

Benaiah, "son of Yah(God)"

Bene-berak, "sons of lightning"

Ben-hadad, "son of Hadad"

Ben-hail, "son of valor"

Ben-Ishado, "son of Ishado"

Benjamin, "son of the right hand" or "son of the south"

Ben-oni, "son of my sorrow"

Ben-Zion, "son of Zion"

Bible translations into English
More than 100 complete translations of the Bible into English languages  have been produced.
Translations of Biblical books, especially passages read in the Liturgy can be traced back to the late 7th century, including translations into Old and Middle English.
Comisana
The Comisana, also known as the Faccia Rossa or Lentinese, is an Italian breed of domestic sheep indigenous to central and northern areas of the Mediterranean island of Sicily.: 204  Its name derives from that of the comune of Comiso, in the province of Ragusa. It is raised principally in the provinces of Caltanissetta, Enna and Palermo, but is found in many other Italian provinces and has also been exported to other Mediterranean countries.: 204

Province of Palermo
The province of Palermo (Italian: provincia di Palermo; Sicilian: pruvincia di Palermu) was a province in the autonomous region of Sicily, a major island in Southern Italy. Its capital was the city of Palermo. On 4 August 2015, it was replaced by the Metropolitan City of Palermo.
Parmaylovo
Parmaylovo (Russian: Пармайлово; Komi-Permyak: Пармайыл, Parmajyl) is a rural locality (a village) in Yukseyevskoye Rural Settlement, Kochyovsky District, Perm Krai, Russia. The population was 40 as of 2010. There are 3  streets. Parmaylovo is home to an open air Museum of Wooden sculptures created by local artist Yegor Utrobin.

Komi-Permyak language
Komi-Permyak (перем коми кыв, IPA: [ˈperem ˈkomi kɨv], or коми-пермяцкӧй кыв, IPA: [ˈkomi perˈmʲɑtskəj kɨv]), also known as Permyak, is one of two Permic varieties in the Uralic language family that form a pluricentric language, the other being Komi-Zyryan. Udmurt is another Permic language spoken outside of the region and not a member of the Komi pluricentric language.

The Komi-Permyak language, spoken in Perm Krai of Russia and written using the Komi Cyrillic alphabet, was co-official with Russian in the Komi-Permyak Okrug of Perm Krai.
Kenowa Hills Public Schools
Kenowa Hills Public Schools is a public school district in Greater Grand Rapids, Michigan. In Kent County, it serves portions of Alpine Township, Comstock Park, and Walker. In Ottawa County, it serves parts of Tallmadge Township and Wright Township.

Ottawa County, Michigan
Ottawa County (/ˈɒtəwə/ OT-ə-wə) is a county located in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the United States 2020 Census, the population was 296,200. The county seat is Grand Haven. The county is named for the Ottawa Nation. It was set off in 1831 and organized in 1837. Ottawa County is included in the Grand Rapids-Kentwood, MI Metropolitan Statistical Area and has a significant Dutch American population.

Area farmers produce more than $726 million in products annually, making Ottawa County an "agricultural powerhouse" in the state.
Genaro López
Genaro López Rodríguez (born 26 July 1954 in Chitra, Calobre District, Veraguas Province, Panama) is a Panamanian union leader and politician.  He is best known as secretary-general of the building workers' union Suntracs, 1990–2010; as leader of the Frenadeso movement for economic and social rights; and as presidential candidate on behalf of the Broad Front for Democracy (Frente Amplio por la Democracia), party in the 2014 elections.

Calobre District
Calobre District is a district (distrito) of Veraguas Province in Panama. The population according to the 2000 census was 12,184; the latest official estimate (for 2019) ia 12,159. The district covers a total area of 806 km2. The capital lies at the town of Calobre.
Shafi, Iraq
Shafi (الشافي ) is a town of Basrah Governorate in southern Iraq, on the west bank of the Shatt Al-Arab River.

Shafi is located at 34°18'45" north and 44°17'17" east. 
The area is close to the  Mesopotamian Marshes (Hammar Marshes), and has traditionally been home to many Marsh Arabs. The topography is flat and the climate arid.

The area suffered greatly during the Iran–Iraq War, during which it was a major battlefield, and again after the 1991 Iraqi uprising.

North
North is one of the four compass points or cardinal directions. It is the opposite of south and is perpendicular to east and west. North is a noun, adjective, or adverb indicating direction or geography.
Glenlair House
Glenlair, near the village of Corsock in the historical county of Kirkcudbrightshire, in Dumfries and Galloway, was the home of the physicist James Clerk Maxwell (1831–1879). The original structure was designed for Maxwell's father by Walter Newall; Maxwell himself oversaw the construction of an extension in the late 1860s, and further improvements were made by his heir, Andrew Wedderburn-Maxwell. A fire in 1929 left the house gutted, but a project to preserve and stabilise the remains has been undertaken by the Maxwell at Glenlair Trust.

Corsock
Corsock (Scottish Gaelic: Corsag) is a village in the historical county  of Kirkcudbrightshire, Dumfries and Galloway, south-west Scotland. It is located 8 miles (13 km) north of Castle Douglas, and the same distance east of New Galloway, on the Urr Water.

Corsock House is an 18th-century country house remodelled by David Bryce in 1853. A later addition was made by Charles Stuart Still Johnston in 1910. The gardens are open to the public under the Scotland's Garden Scheme each Spring.

Corsock Church was built as a Free Church in 1851-52 by local architect William McCandlish. It was extended in 1912 with a Gothic stone arch and chancel by J.A. McGregor.
Southern Electricity Supply
Southern Electricity Supply (officially, Administrator of the Southern Electricity Supply of New South Wales) was a corporation sole that controlled and administered the electricity supply assets of the New South Wales Department of Public Works, from 1942 to 1950. It operated a number of coal-fired and hydro-electric power stations in New South Wales, and was a bulk electricity supplier to part of New South Wales, mainly in the south and south central-west of the state. In November 1950, its assets and operations were merged into the Electricity Commission of New South Wales.

Narrandera
Narrandera (/nəˈrændərə/ nə-RAN-dər-ə; wiradjuri: Narrangdhuray), until around 1949 also spelled "Narandera", is a town located in the central Riverina region of south-western New South Wales, Australia. The town lies on the junction of the Newell and Sturt highways, adjacent to the Murrumbidgee River, and it is considered the gateway to the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area. At the 2021 census, Narrandera had a population of 3,783.
Steve Rapira
Steve Rapira (born 17 December 1988) is a New Zealand former professional rugby league footballer. A second-row forward, he previously played in the National Rugby League for the North Queensland Cowboys and New Zealand Warriors, and English club Salford Red Devils of Super League, and is the younger brother of New Zealand international, Sam Rapira.

Queensland Cup
The Queensland Cup, currently known as the Hostplus Cup for sponsorship reasons, is the highest-level regional rugby league football competition in Queensland, Australia. It is run by the Queensland Rugby League (QRL)  and is contested by fifteen teams, thirteen of which are based in Queensland, with one based in New South Wales and one in National Capital District, Papua New Guinea.

The competition is the present-day embodiment of Queensland's top-level club competition. It replaced the Winfield State League in 1996 and accompanied the Brisbane Rugby League, before becoming the premier competition in 1998, following the disbanding of the Brisbane Rugby League.
E. K. Govindan
Rao Bahadur Dewan E.K. Govindan (1875–1944) was a Thalassery notable who ruled as the first malayali man to govern Pudukkottai administratively, before serving as the Dewan of Pudukottai. He was an English writer and civil servant.

Dewan
Dewan (also known as diwan, sometimes spelled devan or divan) designated a powerful government official, minister, or ruler. A dewan was the head of a state institution of the same name (see Divan). Diwans belonged to the elite families in the history of Mughal and post-Mughal India and held high posts within the government.
Shenzhen Bay Checkpoint station
Shenzhen Bay Checkpoint station (simplified Chinese: 深圳湾口岸; traditional Chinese: 深圳灣口岸; pinyin: Shēnzhènwān Kǒuàn Zhàn; Jyutping: Sam1zan3waan1 Hau2ngon6 Zaam6; Cantonese Yale: Sāmjamwāan Háuohng Jaahm) is a station on Line 13 of Shenzhen Metro. It opened on 28 December 2024, and is located in Nanshan District on the north side of Shenzhen Bay Port. It serves the Shenzhen Bay Port and its transportation hub.

Due to the relative position of the two ends of the station and the limitation of the radius of the curve, the station is not parallel to the road above, but adopts an oblique arrangement similar to Luohu Station with a certain angle. The station is also the most difficult station to construct on the whole Line 13.

Yale romanization of Cantonese
The Yale romanization of Cantonese was developed by Yale scholar Gerard P. Kok for his and Parker Po-fei Huang's textbook Speak Cantonese initially circulated in looseleaf form in 1952 but later published in 1958. Unlike the Yale romanization of Mandarin, it is still widely used in books and dictionaries, especially for foreign learners of Cantonese. It shares some similarities with Hanyu Pinyin in that unvoiced, unaspirated consonants are represented by letters traditionally used in English and most other European languages to represent voiced sounds. For example, [p] is represented as b in Yale, whereas its aspirated counterpart, [pʰ] is represented as p. Students attending the Chinese University of Hong Kong's New-Asia Yale-in-China Chinese Language Center are taught using Yale romanization.

Some enthusiasts employ Yale romanisation to explore writing Cantonese as an alphabetic language.