hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Philaretos Brachamios
Philaretos Brachamios  (Greek: Φιλάρετος Βραχάμιος; Armenian: Փիլարտոս Վահրամ Վարաժնունի, romanized: Pilartos Vahram Varajnuni; Latin: Philaretus Brachamius) was a distinguished Byzantine general and warlord of Armenian heritage. He was for a time the ruler of a quasi-independent state that refused to recognise Emperor Michael VII. Philaretos is attested on seals as taxiarches (commander of an infantry regiment), as well as protospatharios and topoteretes (deputy commander) of the Tagmata of Cappadocia, then as magistros and doux (duke), and finally as kouropalates and doux.

Taxiarch
The word taxiarch (Greek: ταξίαρχος, romanized: taxiarchos (masculine); ταξιάρχη, taxiarchē (feminine)) is used in the Greek language to mean "brigadier". The term derives from  táxis 'order', in military context meaning 'an ordered formation'. It is cognate with the scientific term taxonomy. In turn, the rank has given rise to the Greek term for brigade, taxiarchia. In Greek Orthodox Church usage, the term is also applied to the archangels Michael and Gabriel, as leaders of the heavenly host, and several locations in Greece are named after them.
Stauffer syndrome
Stauffer syndrome is a constellation of signs and symptoms of liver dysfunction that arises due to presence of renal cell carcinoma, and, more rarely, in connection with other malignant neoplasms, though the specific pathogenesis is currently unknown.  The hepatic abnormalities are not due to tumor infiltration of the liver or intrinsic liver disease; they instead reflect the presence of a paraneoplastic syndrome.

Stauffer syndrome causes abnormal liver function tests, especially those that reflect the presence of cholestasis, i.e. abnormal bile flow. Hepatosplenomegaly may also be observed. The symptoms and signs resolve if the renal cell carcinoma (or another associated tumor) is successfully ablated. It is due to release of IL-6 from cancerous cell.

The syndrome is named for Dr. Maurice H. Stauffer, a gastroenterologist at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. Stauffer first characterized the syndrome in 1961, with the original name of "nephrogenic hepatomegaly".

Cancer cell
Cancer cells are cells that divide continually, forming solid tumors or flooding the blood or lymph with abnormal cells. Cell division is a normal process used by the body for growth and repair. A parent cell divides to form two daughter cells, and these daughter cells are used to build new tissue or to replace cells that have died because of aging or damage. Healthy cells stop dividing when there is no longer a need for more daughter cells, but cancer cells continue to produce copies. They are also able to spread from one part of the body to another in a process known as metastasis.
Sicut dudum
Sicut dudum (from Latin: "Just as Long Ago") was a papal bull promulgated by Pope Eugene IV in Florence on January 13, 1435, which forbade the enslavement of the Indigenous Guanches people of the Canary Islands who had converted, or were converting to, Christianity and ordered, under pain of excommunication, that all such slaves be set free within 15 days.

The bull is also known as Creator Omnium with the date of 17 December 1434.  Sicut dudum is the incipit of the third paragraph of Creator Omnium, echoing the abbreviated version reported by Cardinal Cesare Baronius in his Annales Ecclesiastici.

Annales Ecclesiastici
Annales Ecclesiastici (full title Annales ecclesiastici a Christo nato ad annum 1198; "Ecclesiastical annals from Christ's nativity to 1198"), consisting of twelve folio volumes, is a history of the first 12 centuries of the Christian Church, written by Caesar Baronius and Odorico Raynaldi and published between 1588 and 1607.
Nkwain
Nkwain is a  Cameroonian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Francis Nkwain (1930–2014), Cameroonian politician and educator

Stan Nkwain (fl. 2003–present), Cameroonian public servant, administrator, and senior UN official in UNDP

Stan Nkwain
Stanislas Nkwain, a national of Cameroon, is a senior United Nations official working for the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).

From 2003 to 2005, he was Resident Representative of UNDP in Bangui, Central African Republic, which also entailed the functions of Resident Coordinator and, after the country was declared a humanitarian emergency in 2005, that of Humanitarian Coordinator.  He was therefore the seniormost UN official in Central African Republic.

He was notable for attracting attention to the humanitarian emergency in the country, which he called "a forgotten emergency".
Door phone
A door phone or door bell phone is a set of electrical and electronic elements used to handle communication between a resident in a house, apartment or villa and a guest outside. The device can also lock or unlock the door it has been configured to work with. Door phones have been used across a variety of commercial and residential buildings. For example, offices and apartment blocks both make frequent use of door phones. They are so widely used that, nowadays, they form part of the standard electrical installation of most buildings.

The simplest version is an intercom that establishes a communication between an entryway at street level and a resident inside the house. A loudspeaker installed at the street level entrance allows a building resident to speak to their visitor. In buildings where there are more than one door phone plate located outside of a building's entrance, each door phone has a certain number of buttons depending on the number of units in each building.

Villa
A villa is a type of house that was originally an ancient Roman upper class country house that provided an escape from urban life. Since its origins in the Roman villa, the idea and function of a villa have evolved considerably. After the fall of the Roman Republic, villas became small farming compounds, which were increasingly fortified in Late Antiquity, sometimes transferred to the Church for reuse as a monastery. They gradually re-evolved through the Middle Ages into elegant upper-class country homes. In the early modern period, any comfortable detached house with a garden near a city or town was likely to be described as a villa; most surviving villas have now been engulfed by suburbia. In modern parlance, "villa" can refer to various types and sizes of residences, ranging from the suburban semi-detached double villa to, in some countries, especially around the Mediterranean, residences of above average size in the countryside.
Jim McCrery
James Otis McCrery III (born September 18, 1949) is an American lawyer, politician and lobbyist who served as a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from 1988 to 2009. He represented the 4th District of Louisiana, based in the northwestern quadrant of the state.

McCrery was a ranking member on the House Ways and Means Committee. Had the Republicans maintained control of the U.S. House in 2007, he would have been in line to chair the Ways and Means Committee. Instead, the slot went to the veteran Democrat Charles Rangel of Harlem in New York City. He was also a member of the Executive Committee of the National Republican Congressional Committee and the Republican Main Street Partnership, a group of Moderate Republicans.

McCrery did not seek reelection in 2008 and was succeeded as Representative by John C. Fleming, a fellow Republican.

Republican Main Street Partnership
The Republican Main Street Partnership is a nonprofit organization that was founded to raise funds to support politicians in the moderate wing of the Republican Party. As of 2024, the organization seems to be leaning away from its original centrist mission. The Republican Main Street Partnership does not advocate for legislation but offers networking and mentorship opportunities and provides a forum for discussion. The partnership is affiliated with a super PAC called Defending Main Street. The partnership is also affiliated with the Republican Main Street Caucus, a Republican congressional member organization that takes pragmatic conservative positions.
2026 European Women's Handball Championship bidding process
The 2026 European Women's Handball Championship bidding process entails the bids for the 2026 European Women's Handball Championship. The winners were originally Russia but it was taken away from them due to their invasion of Ukraine. The eventual winners were Czech Republic, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Turkey.

Irina Viner-Usmanova Gymnastics Palace
The Irina Viner-Usmanova Gymnastics Palace is a stadium located in the Luzhniki Olympic Complex in Moscow, Russia. Projected by Moscow's head architect Sergey Kuznetsov and financed by billionaire Alisher Usmanov and named after his wife and head gymnastics coach Irina Viner-Usmanova, it was constructed from 2017 to 2019 and was officially opened on 18 June 2019. Despite its name, the venue has been used not only for rhythmic gymnastics events, but also for musical concerts and festivals. Other sports events, including dancesport and sport climbing, took also place in the Gymnastics Palace.
Livingston RFC
Livingston Rugby Football Club is a rugby union club based in Livingston, West Lothian, Scotland. The men's side currently compete in East Division 2, the women's side currently compete in Scottish Womens Midlands & East Two.

East Regional League (rugby union)
The East Regional League (currently named the Arnold Clark East League for sponsorship reasons) is one of three Scottish Regional Leagues operated by the Scottish Rugby Union, which play at a level below that of the Scottish National Leagues structure.  Originally, these divisions were district leagues under the jurisdiction of the Edinburgh & District Union and the Scottish Borders Union.

Winners of the top division progress to Scottish National League Division Four.
Peder Pedersen
Peder Pedersen is the name of:

Peder Pedersen (director) (born 1971)

Peder Oluf Pedersen (1874–1941), Danish engineer and physicist

Peder Ree Pedersen (1913–1976), Norwegian politician

Peder Pedersen (musician), full name Peder Thomas Pedersen, Danish musician, see Danish Music Awards

Peder Dorf Pedersen (1897–1967), Danish gymnast

Peder Larsen Pedersen (1880–1966), Danish gymnast

Peder Pedersen (cyclist) (1945–2015), represented Denmark at the 1972 Summer Olympics

Peder Larsen Pedersen
Peder Larsen Pedersen (30 November 1880 – 20 January 1966) was a Danish gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics. He was born in Stubberup, and died in Kerteminde. He was part of the Danish team, which won the silver medal in the gymnastics men's team, Swedish system event.
Kryvyi Rih Metrotram
The Kryvyi Rih Metrotram (colloquially: Kryvyi Rih Metro), officially the Kryvyi Rih Rapid Tram (Ukrainian: Криворізький швидкісний трамвай, romanized: Kryvorizkyi shvydkisnyi tramvai) is a partially underground rapid transit light rail system that serves the city of Kryvyi Rih, the seventh-largest city in Ukraine. Similar systems in other parts of Europe are known as pre-metro or Stadtbahn.

Colloquialism
Colloquialism (also called colloquial language, everyday language, or general parlance) is the linguistic style used for casual (informal) communication. It is the most common functional style of speech, the language normally employed in casual conversation and other informal contexts. Colloquialism is characterized by the frequent use of expressive phrases, idioms, anthropocentrism, and a lack of specialized focus, and has a rapidly changing lexicon. It can also be distinguished by its usage of formulations with incomplete logical and syntactic ordering.

A specific instance of such language is termed a colloquialism. The most common term used in dictionaries to label such an expression is colloquial.
Srikakulam mandal
Srikakulam mandal is one of the 38 mandals in Srikakulam district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is under the administration of Srikakulam revenue division and the headquarters are located at Srikakulam. The mandal is bounded Amudalavalasa, Etcherla and Gara mandals. A portion of it lies on the banks of Vamsadhara River and Bay of Bengal.

Vamsadhara River
River Vamsadhara or River Banshadhara is an important east-flowing river between Rushikulya and Godavari, in Odisha and Andhra Pradesh states in India.

The river originates near Lanjigarh in the Kalahandi district of Odisha at an elevation of 400 meters and runs for a distance of about 278 kilometers, and joins the Bay of Bengal at Kalingapatnam, Andhra Pradesh. The total catchment area of the river basin is about 10,830 square kilometers. The average water yield in the river basin at Gotta barrage is 115 billion cubic feet in a year.

Tourist attractions of Hiramandalam Mukhalingam and Kalingapatnam in Srikakulam district are located on the banks of this river.

Mahendratanaya River is a major tributary of the Vamsadhara originating in Gajapati district of Odisha and joins Vamsadhara in Andhra Pradesh upstream of Gotta barrage. Regulapadu reservoir in Andhra Pradesh is under construction to store the Mahendratanaya river water for irrigation use.
NGC 6814
NGC 6814 is an intermediate spiral galaxy in constellation Aquila. It is located at a distance of about 75 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 6814 is about 85,000 light years across. NGC 6814 has an extremely bright nucleus and is a type 1.5 Seyfert galaxy. The galaxy is also a highly variable source of X-ray radiation. The ultraviolet and optical emission also varies, although more smoothly, with time lag of two days. The cause of the lag and the smoothing of light curves is considered to be the reprocessing of the X-rays in the accretion disk. The cause of the active galactic nucleus is suspected to be a supermassive black hole with a mass about 18 million times that of the Sun.
Many regions of ionised gas are studded along the dusty spiral arms.

Supermassive black hole
A supermassive black hole (SMBH or sometimes SBH) is the largest type of black hole, with its mass being on the order of hundreds of thousands, or millions to billions, of times the mass of the Sun (M☉). Black holes are a class of astronomical objects that have undergone gravitational collapse, leaving behind spheroidal regions of space that nothing, not even light, can escape. Observational evidence indicates that almost every large galaxy has a supermassive black hole at its center. For example, the Milky Way galaxy has a supermassive black hole at its center, corresponding to the radio source Sagittarius A*. Accretion of interstellar gas onto supermassive black holes is the process responsible for powering active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and quasars.

Two supermassive black holes have been directly imaged by the Event Horizon Telescope; these are Sagittarius A, at the center of the Milky Way, and the black hole at the center of Messier 87, a giant elliptical galaxy.
Malachi Davis
Malachi John Davis (born September 13, 1977) is a sprinter who competed in the 2004 Summer Olympic Games, representing Great Britain in the finals for the 4 × 400 m relay team. He competed in two Olympic events in 2004, and in the World Championships for his relay teams in 2005. After the Olympics, Davis and fellow 2004 Gold medalist Joanna Hayes formed Formula Gold, a sports performance company inspired by Olympic training methods and workouts. Today, Davis serves as the creative director and CEO for Formula Gold, where he does fitness consultant work for all major sports associations (the MLB, NFL, NBA and ATP) in addition to creating physical education curriculums for school districts throughout the state of California.

Olympic sports
Olympic sports are sports that are contested in the Summer Olympic Games and Winter Olympic Games. The 2024 Summer Olympics included 32 sports; the 2022 Winter Olympics included seven sports. Each Olympic sport is represented at the International Olympic Committee (IOC) by an international governing body called an International Federation (IF).

The 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo saw the introduction of four new sports, with karate, skateboarding, sport climbing and surfing making their Olympic debuts. Breakdancing made its debut at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris, and ski mountaineering made its debut at the 2026 Winter Olympics in Italy. Flag football and squash will make their debuts at the 2028 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, while cricket and lacrosse will return after long absences.
Adeline van Lier
Adeline van Lier (born 19 November 1956, at The Hague) is a Dutch television and radio presenter, currently working for the KRO. She studied graphic design and typography in The Hague, and then began working in theater. Her television debut was alongside IJf Blokker, for the VPRO program Puur natuur. Since 2006 she presents Nacht van het Goede Leven on Radio 1.

Her father Theo van Lier (1916–1992), was a member of the Dutch resistance during World War II. After the war he was politician of the Labour Party (PvdA).

Katholieke Radio Omroep
KRO, or Katholieke Radio Omroep (Catholic Radio Broadcasting), was a Dutch public broadcasting organization founded on 23 April 1925.

Broadly Catholic in its spiritual outlook, KRO broadcast the bulk of its television output on the NPO 1 channel. KRO was also responsible for managing broadcasts made by the Catholic Church in the Netherlands in the airtime allocated to Rooms-Katholiek Kerkgenootschap. KRO published the magazines Studio KRO Magazine and Mikro gids.

On 1 January 2014, it merged with Nederlandse Christelijke Radio Vereniging (NCRV) to form KRO-NCRV.
KLLZ-FM
KLLZ-FM (99.1 MHz, "Z99") is a radio station broadcasting from Bemidji, Minnesota (licensed to Walker, Minnesota), and airs a classic rock format. It has a wide coverage area across northern Minnesota, and enjoys a huge listening audience. KLLZ is owned by Hubbard Broadcasting, Inc. The Bemidji studios are located at 502 Beltrami Avenue, downtown Bemidji. The original transmitter site was along Highway 71, near Lake George. At the same time as the Hubbard sale, a new transmitter and antenna were installed at the existing KBHP transmitter site.

Z99 is the official radio station of Moondance Jam, a four-day outdoor concert held in Walker, Minnesota every July.

Bemidji, Minnesota
Bemidji (/bəˈmɪdʒiː/ bə-MIJ-ee) is a city in and the county seat of Beltrami County, in northern Minnesota, United States. The population was 14,574 at the 2020 census. According to 2022 census estimates, the city is estimated to have a population of 15,946, making it the largest commercial center between Grand Forks, North Dakota and Duluth.

As a central city for three Indian reservations, Bemidji is the site of many Native American services, including the Indian Health Service. Near Bemidji are the Red Lake Indian Reservation, White Earth Indian Reservation, and the Leech Lake Indian Reservation. Bemidji lies on the southwest shore of Lake Bemidji, the northernmost lake feeding the Mississippi River; it is nicknamed "The First City on the Mississippi". Bemidji is also the self-proclaimed "curling capital" of the U.S. and the alleged birthplace of legendary Paul Bunyan.
Pluviôse
Pluviôse (French pronunciation: [plyvjoz]; also Pluviose) was the fifth month in the French Republican Calendar. The month was named after the Latin word pluviosus 'rainy'.

Pluviôse was the second month of the winter quarter (mois d'hiver), starting between the 20th and 22 January, and ending between the 18th and 20 February. It follows Nivôse and precedes Ventôse.

On October 24, 1793 Fabre d'Églantine suggested new names for the French Republican Calendar, and on the 24th November the National Convention accepted the names with minor changes. It was decided to omit the circumflex (accent circonflexe) in the names of the winter months, so the month was named Pluviose instead of Pluviôse. However, in historiography the spelling
Pluviôse is still preferred.

Fabre d'Églantine
Philippe François Nazaire Fabre d'Églantine (French pronunciation: [filip fʁɑ̃swa nazɛːʁ fabʁ deɡlɑ̃tin]; 28 July 1750 – 5 April 1794), commonly known as Fabre d'Églantine, was a French actor, dramatist, poet, and politician of the French Revolution.

He is best known for having invented the names of the months in the French Republican calendar, and for the song Il pleut, il pleut, bergère which is still a popular nursery rhyme today.
Marriage Equality Act (Thailand)
The Civil and Commercial Code Amendment Act (No 24), 2567 BE, commonly referred to as the Marriage Equality Act (Thai: พระราชบัญญัติสมรสเท่าเทียม, RTGS: phraratchabanyat somrot thaothiam), is a 2024 Thai law legalizing same-sex marriage in Thailand. The law made Thailand the first country in Southeast Asia and second country in Asia to legalize same-sex marriage after Taiwan.

Bangkok Pride
Bangkok Pride Festival is an annual series of events which celebrates lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer (LGBTQ+) life in Bangkok, Thailand. The festival culminates in a pride parade held on Silom Road in June. The event is hosted by Naruemit Pride, the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, and the Ministry of Tourism and Sports.
Der Messias
Der Messias, K. 572, is Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's 1789 German-language version of Messiah, George Frideric Handel's 1741 oratorio. On the initiative of Gottfried van Swieten, Mozart adapted Handel's work for performances in Vienna.

The libretto of Mozart's adaptation was largely based on Luther's translation of the Bible. Mozart re-orchestrated about three-fifths of Handel's composition, primarily providing additional parts for an extended section of wind instruments, which was called Harmonie at the time. In general, a half-century after the inception of the work, Mozart adapted an English-language work conceived for a baroque orchestra in a public venue, to accommodate the constraints of private performances and the musical tastes of Vienna.

Mozart's arrangement, first published in 1803, was instrumental in making Messiah Handel's most widely known oratorio. However, the adaptation has had few supporters amongst Mozart or Handel scholars.

Köchel catalogue
The Köchel catalogue (German: Köchel-Verzeichnis) is a catalogue of compositions by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, originally created by Ludwig Ritter von Köchel, in which the entries are abbreviated K. or KV. Its numbers reflect the ongoing task of compiling the chronology of Mozart's works, and provide a shorthand reference to the compositions. For example, according to Köchel's counting, Requiem in D minor is the 626th piece Mozart composed, thus is designated K. 626.

Köchel's original catalogue (1862) has been revised several times. Catalogue numbers from these revised editions are indicated either by parentheses or by superscript: K. 49 (47d) or K.6 47d refers to the work numbered 47d in the sixth edition. The catalog was originally chronological, though revisions made chronological ordering of Mozart's works difficult and as of 2024 a new organizational system is used for the ninth version.
Buccal fat pad
The buccal fat pad (also called Bichat’s fat pad, after Xavier Bichat, and the buccal pad of fat) is one of several encapsulated fat masses in the cheek. It is a deep fat pad located on either side of the face between the buccinator muscle and several more superficial muscles (including the masseter, the zygomaticus major, and the zygomaticus minor). The inferior portion of the buccal fat pad is contained within the buccal space. It should not be confused with the malar fat pad, which is directly below the skin of the cheek. It should also not be confused with jowl fat pads. It is implicated in the formation of hollow cheeks and the nasolabial fold, but not in the formation of jowls.

Masseter muscle
In anatomy, the masseter is one of the muscles of mastication. Found only in mammals, it is particularly powerful in herbivores to facilitate chewing of plant matter. The most obvious muscle of mastication is the masseter muscle, since it is the most superficial and one of the strongest.