hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Saltz
Saltz is a surname. Notable people with this surname include:

Anton Saltz, also known as Anton Yegorovich von Saltza

Danny Saltz (born 1961), American tennis player

Gail Saltz, American psychiatrist, psychoanalyst, columnist and television commentator

Jerry Saltz (born 1951), American art critic

Lee Saltz (born 1963), American American football player

Nathan J. Saltz (1912–2003), American-born Israeli doctor

Lee Saltz
Lee Saltz (born September 25, 1963) is an American former professional football quarterback in the National Football League (NFL) who played for the Detroit Lions and New England Patriots. Saltz also played in the Canadian Football League (CFL), World League of American Football (WLAF), and Arena Football League (AFL). He played college football for the Temple Owls.
Elogio del Horizonte
Elogio del Horizonte (transl. Eulogy of the Horizon) is a concrete sculpture located on the cliffsides of Gijón, Spain, overlooking the Cantabrian Sea. It stands 10 metres (33 ft) tall and weighs 500 tonnes (550 short tons). Designed by Basque sculptor Eduardo Chillida and inaugurated in 1990, it has been described as a "symbol" of Gijón. Conversely, it has also received criticism for its elevated construction costs and unusual shape.

Basques
The Basques are a Southwestern European ethnic group, characterised by the Basque language, a common culture, shared genetic ancestry to the ancient Vascones and Aquitanians, and are considered among the last remaining direct descendants of Neolithic Europeans populations in Europe. Basques are indigenous to, and primarily inhabit, an area traditionally known as the Basque Country (Basque: Euskal Herria)—a region that is located around the western end of the Pyrenees on the coast of the Bay of Biscay and straddles parts of north-central Spain and south-western France.
Tea classics
Tea as a drink was first consumed in China and the earliest extant mention of tea in literature is the Classic of Poetry, although the ideogram used (荼) in these texts can also designate a variety of plants, such as sowthistle and thrush.

Chinese literature contains a significant number of ancient treatises on tea.  Together, there exist approximately one hundred monographs or treatises on tea published from the Tang dynasty through the end of the Ming dynasty. Writers of non-Chinese backgrounds have also emulated the style of the Chinese tea classics.

The more famous books on tea are listed below.

Ideogram
An ideogram or ideograph (from Greek idéa 'idea' + gráphō 'to write') is a symbol that is used within a given writing system to represent an idea or concept in a given language. (Ideograms are contrasted with phonograms, which indicate sounds of speech and thus are independent of any particular language.) Some ideograms are more arbitrary than others: some are only meaningful assuming preexisting familiarity with some convention; others more directly resemble their signifieds. Ideograms that represent physical objects by visually illustrating them are called pictograms.

Numerals and mathematical symbols are ideograms, for example ⟨1⟩ 'one', ⟨2⟩ 'two', ⟨+⟩ 'plus', and ⟨=⟩ 'equals'.

The ampersand ⟨&⟩ is used in many languages to represent the word and, originally a stylized ligature of the Latin word et.

Other typographical examples include ⟨§⟩ 'section', ⟨€⟩ 'euro', ⟨£⟩ 'pound sterling', and ⟨©⟩ 'copyright'.
Jim Kimsey
James Verlin Kimsey (September 15, 1939 – March 1, 2016) was the co-founder of AOL. He was the first chairman of the company and its CEO until 1995. Although Kimsey is best known for having helped to create AOL, he also spearheaded many other business, military and philanthropic endeavors.

McLean, Virginia
McLean (/məˈkleɪn/ mə-KLAYN) is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Fairfax County, Virginia, United States. The community's population was 50,773 at the 2020 census. It is located between the Potomac River and Vienna within the Washington metropolitan area.

McLean is home to many wealthy residents, such as diplomats, military, members of Congress, and high-ranking government officials, partially due to its proximity to Washington, D.C., the Pentagon, and the Central Intelligence Agency. It is the location of Hickory Hill, the former home of Ethel Kennedy, the widow of Robert F. Kennedy. It is also the location of Salona, the former home of Light-Horse Harry Lee, the Revolutionary War hero.
Liang Baibo
Liang Baibo (Chinese: 梁白波; 1911 – c. 1970) was a Chinese manhua artist and painter, best known for her short-lived comic strip, Miss Bee, published in 1935. She and Yu Feng were China's first female cartoonists. Born in Shanghai, she worked in Singapore and the Philippines, and was a member of the avant-garde Storm Society. She had a three-year extramarital relationship with the artist Ye Qianyu, but left him to marry an air force pilot. She moved to Taiwan after the Chinese Communist Revolution, and later died by suicide.

Manhua
Manhua (traditional Chinese: 漫畫; simplified Chinese: 漫画; pinyin: mànhuà) are Chinese-language comics produced in Greater China. Chinese comics and narrated illustrations have existed in China throughout its history.

They are usually graphic and can be written for a myriad of genres, including romance, fantasy, historical, thrillers, paranormal, and horror. The narratives are varied but often include tropes and plots common to Asian culture and settings.

The first major manhua magazine, Shanghai Sketch, first published in 1928. During the early 20th century, political manhua  were printed as propaganda during times of political upheaval. At the start of the 21st century, Chinese cartoonists began to publish manhua through social media and microblogging websites.
Herbert Ham
Christianity portal

Herbert Ham was an Anglican priest and musician.

He was born in 1869, educated at Worcester College, Oxford and ordained in 1898. Following curacies in Wormley and Chelmsford he held incumbencies in Derby, Wirksworth and Carsington after which he was appointed to All Saints Cathedral Church, Derby; and in due, course when it became a cathedral, its first Provost. He retired in 1937 and died on 2 December 1964.

Carsington
Carsington is a village in the middle of the Derbyshire Dales, England; it adjoins the hamlet of Hopton, and is close to the historic town of Wirksworth and village of Brassington.

According to the 1991 Census, the population was 111, increasing to 251 at the 2011 Census.
Shivanagar
Shivanagar  is a town in Krishnanagar Municipality in Kapilvastu District in the Lumbini Zone of southern Nepal. The former VDC was merged to form the municipality established on 18 May 2014 Krishnanagar, Sirsihawa, Shivanagar VDCs. At the time of the 2011 Nepal census it had a population of 4,774 people living in 735 individual households.

Kapilvastu District
Kapilvastu District (Nepali: कपिलवस्तु जिल्ला [ˈkʌpilbʌstu] ⓘ), often Kapilbastu, is one of the districts of Lumbini Province, Nepal. The district, with Kapilbastu municipality as its district headquarters, covers an area of 1,738 square kilometres (671 sq mi) and in 2001 had a population of 481,976, which increased to 571,936 in 2011 and later according 2021 census it further increased to 686,739 Kapilvastu district has 3 number of seats for central whereas 6 seats for state level elections.
Jamie Stone (politician)
James Hume Walter Miéville Stone (born 16 June 1954) is a Scottish Liberal Democrat politician who has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Caithness, Sutherland and Easter Ross since 2017. He is Chair of the Petitions Committee.

He was a Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for the constituency of Caithness, Sutherland, and Easter Ross. He held the seat from the opening of the Scottish Parliament in 1999, until he stood down in 2011. He served as the Liberal Democrat Spokesperson for Defence from 2019 to 2022 and has served as Spokesperson for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport from 2020 to 2024.

Caithness, Sutherland and Easter Ross (Scottish Parliament constituency)
Caithness, Sutherland and Easter Ross was a constituency of the Scottish Parliament (Holyrood), in use between 1999 and 2011. It elected one Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) by the first past the post method of election. It was also one of eight constituencies in the Highlands and Islands electoral region, which elected seven additional members, in addition to eight constituency MSPs, to produce a form of proportional representation for the region as a whole.

For the Scottish Parliament election, 2011, Caithness, Sutherland and Easter Ross was redrawn and included as part of Caithness, Sutherland and Ross, along with part of Ross, Skye and Inverness West.
3C-BOH
3C-BOH, also known as β-methoxy-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (β-methoxy-MDA) or as BOMDA, is a psychoactive drug of the phenethylamine, amphetamine, MDxx, and BOx families related to 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA). It is the β-methoxy derivative of MDA and the amphetamine (α-methyl) analogue of BOH (β-methoxy-MDPEA). The drug is active at a dose of 40 to 70 mg orally with a duration of 3 to 6 hours. It is said to produce "amphetamine-like effects", as well as physical side effects and temporary body stiffness. 3C-BOH acts as a monoamine releasing agent and reuptake inhibitor, including of serotonin and norepinephrine, and additionally acts as an agonist of the serotonin 5-HT2 receptors, among other actions. The compound can exist as four stereoisomers, with individual assessment of each individual isomer still needed. 3C-BOH was first described in the scientific literature by Daniel Trachsel and colleagues in 2013 via personal communication with another person.

Stiffness
Stiffness is the extent to which an object resists deformation in response to an applied force.

The inverse of stiffness is flexibility or pliability: the more flexible an object is, the less stiff it is. Other terms with similar meanings are compliance and elasticity.
Caravan Tonight
Caravan Tonight is the first album by American singer-songwriter Steven Grossman. Released in 1974, it was the first album dealing with openly gay themes and subject matter within its lyrics to be released on a major label (Mercury Records). At the time of its release, Stephen Holden in Rolling Stone described it as, "...staggering, its appeal to the finest human values universal." Grossman himself said of the album, "The songs on the album came from a time when I was flipping out. Really confused... But for the first time I could write about what I felt not what I thought other people wanted to hear."

English model, actress, and singer Twiggy recorded a cover of the title track "Caravan Tonight" on her 1976 self-titled album.

Singer/songwriter Mark Weigle covered "Out" on his 2002 album Out of the Loop; it was a digital duet with Grossman.

Twiggy (album)
Twiggy is the self-titled debut album from British model and singer Twiggy. It was released in 1976 in the UK and mainland Europe. The album featured the top-20 single "Here I Go Again". The album peaked at number 33 on the UK albums chart, receiving a silver certification.
Tetranortriterpenoid
The tetranortriterpenoid class of naturally occurring organic compounds, of which the most noted compound is azadirachtin, extracted from the neem tree (Azadirachta indica) that displays insecticidal properties. Azadirachtin mimics insect hormones called ecdysones that regulate the pupation of insects; application of azadirachtin interrupts the development and pupation of insects, eventually killing them.

The name indicates that the basic skeleton of such compounds contains 26 carbon atoms (4 fewer than triterpenes).

Azadirachtin is a tetranortriterpenoid and a limonoid.

Insecticide
Insecticides are pesticides used to kill insects. They include ovicides and larvicides used against insect eggs and larvae, respectively. The major use of insecticides is in agriculture, but they are also used in home and garden settings, industrial buildings, for vector control, and control of insect parasites of animals and humans.

Acaricides, which kill mites and ticks, are not strictly insecticides, but are usually classified together with insecticides. Some insecticides (including common bug sprays) are effective against other non-insect arthropods as well, such as scorpions, spiders, etc. Insecticides are distinct from insect repellents, which repel but do not kill.
Nizam Palace
Nizam Palace is a tier A heritage building on AJC Bose Road in Kolkata (formerly known as Calcutta), the capital of Indian state of West Bengal. It was constructed in 1933. Mir Osman Ali Khan, the 7th Nizam of Hyderabad, acquired it as his Kolkata residence from a businessman of Armenian descent,  Johannes Carapie, also known as J. C. Galstaun (1859–1947). Its former guests included King Edward VIII. The palace was used as a hospital during World War I.

AJC Bose Road & APC Road
Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Road (earlier known as Lower Circular Road) and its continuation northwards called Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road (earlier known as Upper Circular Road), are together the longest and the most important north-south thoroughfare in Kolkata, India.
The Raven Nature Reserve
The Raven Nature Reserve is a Ramsar site and national nature reserve of approximately 1,455.5 acres (5.890 km2) located in County Wexford, Ireland. It is managed by the Irish National Parks & Wildlife Service.

County Wexford
County Wexford (Irish: Contae Loch Garman) is a county in Ireland. It is in the province of Leinster and is part of the Southern Region. Named after the town of Wexford, it was based on the historic Gaelic territory of Hy Kinsella (Uí Ceinnsealaigh), whose capital was Ferns. Wexford County Council is the local authority for the county. The population of the county was 163,527 at the 2022 census.
Sven Friberg
Sven Richard Friberg (7 February 1895 – 26 May 1964) was a Swedish association football defender who won a bronze medal at the 1924 Summer Olympics. Between 1915 and 1928 he played 41 international matches and scored no goals.

Örgryte IS
Örgryte Idrottssällskap, commonly referred to as Örgryte IS, Örgryte (Swedish: [ˈœ̂ːrˌɡryːtɛ]) or (especially locally) ÖIS or Öis, is a Swedish sports club based in Gothenburg. It consists of four departments, namely bowling, football, athletics and wrestling. However, the club is best known for its football department. The club was founded in 1887 which makes it the oldest active sports club in the country.
Daiki Iwamasa
Daiki Iwamasa (岩政 大樹, Iwamasa Daiki; born 30 January 1982) is a Japanese professional football manager and former player, who was most recently the manager of J2 League club, Hokkaido Consadole Sapporo. He also played for the Japan national team until 2011.

2009 J.League Division 1
The 2009 J.League Division 1 season was the 45th season of the top-flight club football in Japan and the 17th season since the establishment of J.League Division 1. The season started on March 7 and ended on December, 5.

A total of eighteen clubs participated in double round-robin format.  At the end of the season, top three clubs received automatic qualification to the following years' AFC Champions League.  Also starting this season, the bottom three clubs were relegated to J.League Division 2 by default.

Kashima Antlers became the first Japanese club win J.League Division 1 in three straight seasons.
NRW-Express
The NRW-Express is a Regional-Express rail service in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW), running from Aachen via Cologne, Düsseldorf, Duisburg, Essen, Bochum and Dortmund to Hamm as line RE 1. The line is part of the Rhine-Ruhr Express (RRX) network and is operated by National Express.

The service has one of the highest levels of patronage in Germany with about 110,000 passengers per day, mainly commuters and students.

Hamm (Westfalen) Hauptbahnhof
Hamm (Westfalen) Hauptbahnhof (often abbreviated Hamm (Westf) Hbf, Hamm (Westf) or simply Hamm (W)) is a railway station situated in the city of Hamm in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia.
It is notable for its station building inspired by art deco and Gründerzeit building styles. The station is one of the important InterCityExpress rail hubs in the eastern Ruhr area and is among the high-profile buildings of Hamm.
Until the decline of rail freight after the Second World War, it featured one of Europe's largest marshalling yards.
1990 California elections
1990 California elections could refer to:

1990 California gubernatorial election

1990 California lieutenant gubernatorial election

1990 United States House of Representatives elections in California

1990 California State Senate election

1990 California State Assembly election

1990 California Attorney General election

1990 California Insurance Commissioner election

1990 California Secretary of State election

1990 California State Board of Equalization elections

1990 California State Controller election

1990 California State Treasurer election

1990 California Superintendent of Public Instruction election

1990 California Insurance Commissioner election
The 1990 California Insurance Commissioner election occurred on November 6, 1990, with the primary elections taking place on June 5, 1990. The Democratic nominee, John Garamendi, defeated the Republican nominee, Huntington Beach mayor Wes Bannister. Garamendi was the first person elected to the position of Insurance Commissioner due to the passage of Proposition 103 in 1988. Proposition 103 changed the Insurance Commissioner position from a governor-appointed position to an elected position.
Ralph Skinner
Christianity portal

Ralph Skinner was a sixteenth century Clergyman and member of parliament.

Skinner was  educated at Winchester and New College, Oxford. Successively he sat as an MP for Leicester, Penryn, Bossiney and Westbury. As well as his representative duties he was Lay rector  of Broughton Astley from  1550 to 1553; Pro-warden of New College, Oxford, from 1551 to 1553; Warden of Sherburn Hospital  from 1559; Commissioner  to enforce Acts of Uniformity and Supremacy for the Province of York from 1560; Chancellor, Receiver General and Dean of the Palatinate of Durham from 1561; and Rector of Sedgefield (where he was buried) from 1562.

Act of Supremacy 1558
The Act of Supremacy 1558 (1 Eliz. 1. c. 1), also known as the Act of Supremacy 1559, is an act of the Parliament of England, which replaced the original Act of Supremacy 1534 (26 Hen. 8. c. 1), and becoming law during the reign of Elizabeth I. The 1534 act was issued by Elizabeth's father, Henry VIII, arrogating ecclesiastical authority to the monarch, but this law had been repealed by Mary I. Along with the Act of Uniformity 1558, the Supremacy Act made up what is generally referred to as the Elizabethan Religious Settlement.

The act remained in place until the 19th century, when some sections began to be repealed. By 1969, all provisions, except section 8 (which still remains in force), had been repealed by various acts, with the whole act repealed in Northern Ireland between 1950 and 1953.
The Aazadi Anthem
"The Aazadi Anthem" (Urdu: "آزادی کا ترانہ"; transl. The Freedom Anthem) was the official anthem of the 2021 Kashmir Premier League, the first season of the Kashmir Premier League. It was sung by Rahat Fateh Ali Khan, who was the official singer for the 2021 KPL, and directed by Shaan Shahid. It featured former Pakistan cricketers Shahid Afridi, Wasim Akram and Imran Nazir, former squash champion Jahangir Khan, actors Mehwish Hayat, Ayesha Omer, Iman Ali, Fiza Ali, Neelam Muneer, Nadeem Baig, Afzal Khan and singer Gul Panra.

Imran Nazir (cricketer)
Imran Nazir (Punjabi: عمران نذیر) (born 16 December 1981) is a Pakistani former cricketer who played for the Pakistan national cricket team between 1999 and 2012 and was widely known to be a hard hitting opening batter.
Netocracy
Netocracy was a term invented by the editorial board of the American technology magazine Wired in the early 1990s. A portmanteau of Internet and aristocracy, netocracy refers to a perceived global upper-class that bases its power on a technological advantage and networking skills, in comparison to what is portrayed as a bourgeoisie of a gradually diminishing importance.

The concept was later picked up and redefined by Alexander Bard and Jan Söderqvist for their book Netocracy — The New Power Elite and Life After Capitalism (originally published in Swedish in 2000 as Nätokraterna : boken om det elektroniska klassamhället, published in English by Reuters/Pearsall UK in 2002).

The netocracy concept has been compared with Richard Florida's concept of the creative class. Bard and Söderqvist have also defined an underclass in opposition to the netocracy, which they refer to as the consumtariat.

Underclass
The underclass is the segment of the population that occupies the lowest possible position in a class hierarchy, below the core body of the working class. This group is usually considered cut off from the rest of the society.

The general idea that a class system includes a population under the working class has a long tradition in the social sciences (for example, lumpenproletariat). However, the specific term, underclass, was popularized during the last half of the 20th century, first by social scientists of American poverty, and then by American journalists.

The underclass concept has been a point of controversy among social scientists. Definitions and explanations of the underclass, as well as proposed solutions for managing or fixing the underclass problem have been highly debated.
Cape Kolosov
Cape Kolosov (66°29′S 50°16′E﻿ / ﻿66.483°S 50.267°E﻿ / -66.483; 50.267) is a point along the west side of the ice-covered peninsula that forms the east side of the entrance to Amundsen Bay, Antarctica. It was photographed in 1956 from Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions aircraft, and rephotographed in 1958 by a Soviet expedition. The cape was named after the polar aviation navigator V. Kolosov, who died in the Arctic.

Amundsen Bay
Amundsen Bay, also known as Ice Bay, is a long embayment 39 kilometres (24 mi) wide, close west of the Tula Mountains in Enderby Land, Antarctica. The bay was seen as a large pack-filled recession in the coastline by Sir Douglas Mawson on 14 January 1930. Seen by Captain Hjalmar Riiser-Larsen in charge of a Norwegian expedition during an airplane flight on 15 January and subsequently mapped nearer its true position by the Norwegians. The bay was mapped in detail by an Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions party landed by aircraft in 1956 and another landed by launch from Thala Dan in February 1958. It was named by Mawson after Roald Amundsen, the Norwegian explorer who was first to reach the South Pole.
Tauernkogel (Venediger Group)
The Tauernkogel (also Felber Tauernkogel) is a mountain, 2,988 m (AA), in the Venediger Group of Austria's High Tauern. It lies west of the Felber Tauern and the border between the states of Salzburg and Tyrol runs over the summit. It may be climbed on a difficult mountain tour via a steep snowfield in about 1.½ hours from the St. Pöltner Hut.

The Felbertauern Tunnel on state route 108 runs under the pass.

Snow field
A snow field, snowfield  or neve is an accumulation of permanent snow and ice, typically found above the snow line, normally in mountainous and glacial terrain.

Glaciers originate in snowfields. The lower end of a glacier is usually free from snow and névé in summer. In the upper end and above the upper boundary of a glacier, the snow field is an ice field covered with snow. The glacier upper boundary, where it emerges from under a snow field, is ill-defined because of gradual transition.