hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Belleville funicular tramway
The Belleville funicular tramway (French: tramway funiculaire de Belleville) was a cable car which from 1891 to 1924 connected the Place de la République in Paris to the Église Saint-Jean-Baptiste de Belleville, on a hill in the Belleville quarter. It has since been demolished.

The line was a tram-funicular hybrid, similar to the San Francisco cable car system (started 1873), and the Ascensor da Bica in Lisbon. It was replaced in 1935 by Paris Métro Line 11, running on the same route.

Single-track railway
A single-track railway is a railway where trains traveling in both directions share the same track. Single track is usually found on lesser-used rail lines, often branch lines, where the level of traffic is not high enough to justify the cost of constructing and maintaining a second track.
Yellow Boomerang
"Yellow Boomerang" is a song by Scottish band Middle of the Road, released as a single in February 1973. It wasn't released in the UK, but was released in Europe where Middle of the Road had the most success. It was written by Italian brothers Giosy and Mario Capuano and Mike Shepstone (who had been the drummer for The Rokes).

Middle of the Road (band)
Middle of the Road are a Scottish pop group who have enjoyed success across Europe and Latin America since the 1970s. Before ABBA established themselves in the mid-'70s, Middle of the Road were the sound of early Europop with their distinctive harmonies and lead vocals from Sally Carr. Four of their singles sold over one million copies each, and received a gold disc: "Chirpy Chirpy Cheep Cheep". "Sacramento", "Tweedle Dee, Tweedle Dum" and "Soley Soley". By early 1972 the group had sold over five million records.
Khanapur
Khanapur known as Khanapura (IPA: [kʰaːnaːpuɾɐ]) is a panchayat town in Belagavi district, Karnataka, India.  It is about 26 km from Belagavi, the administrative capital of the district. The Khanapur Municipal Council governs the town. Khanapur is the headquarters for Khanapur taluk. The town is on the Belgaum-Panaji National Highway,  NH 4A. Khanapur is well connected by train and road to important cities in Karnataka, Goa, and Maharashtra. Kannada is the official language. Khanapur is the birthplace of Abdul Karim Telgi.

Abdul Karim Telgi
Abdul Karim Telgi (29 July 1961 – 23 October 2017) was an Indian counterfeiter. He earned money by printing counterfeit stamp paper in India, with the size of the scam estimated to be around ₹200 billion (US$2.4 billion).
Nature Photonics
Nature Photonics is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the Nature Publishing Group. The editor-in-chief is Oliver Graydon. The journal covers research related to optoelectronics, laser science, imaging, communications, and other aspects of photonics and was established in January 2007. Nature Photonics publishes review articles, research papers, News and Views pieces, and research highlights summarizing the latest scientific findings in optoelectronics. This is complemented by a mix of articles dedicated to the business side of the industry covering areas such as technology commercialization and market analysis. The papers that have been published in this journal are internationally acclaimed for maintaining high research standards. The journal is regarded as top-ranking in the field of photonics.

Nature Photonics is indexed in the NASA Astrophysics Data System and Science Citation Index.

Astrophysics Data System
The SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) is a digital library portal for researchers on astronomy and physics, operated for NASA by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. ADS maintains three bibliographic collections containing over 15 million records, including all arXiv e-prints. Abstracts and full-text of major astronomy and physics publications are indexed and searchable through the portal.
Monica Gagliano
Monica Gagliano (born 1976) is an ecologist known for her research on plant intelligence.

Gagliano is a Research Associate Professor in the field of evolutionary ecology at Southern Cross University in Lismore, Australia, where she directs the Biological Intelligence lab. She is a former fellow of the Australian Research Council. Through her research with plants, she "has extended the concept of cognition (including perception, learning processes, memory) in plants." She has worked to expand how the public view plants, and all of nature, in respect of their subjectivity and sentience. Gagliano grew up in northern Italy.

Evolutionary ecology
Evolutionary ecology lies at the intersection of ecology and evolutionary biology. It approaches the study of ecology in a way that explicitly considers the evolutionary histories of species and the interactions between them. Conversely, it can be seen as an approach to the study of evolution that incorporates an understanding of the interactions between the species under consideration. The main subfields of evolutionary ecology are life history evolution, sociobiology (the evolution of social behavior), the evolution of interspecific interactions (e.g. cooperation, predator–prey interactions, parasitism, mutualism) and the evolution of biodiversity and of ecological communities.

Evolutionary ecology mostly considers two things: how interactions (both among species and between species and their physical environment) shape species through selection and adaptation, and the consequences of the resulting evolutionary change.
National Regulatory Agency for Electronic Communications and Information Technology of the Republic of Moldova
National Regulatory Agency for Electronic Communications and Information Technology (ANRCETI) is a central public regulatory authority of the Government of Moldova that regulates telecommunications and informatics services.

The Agency exercises its regulatory functions in order to implement the telecommunications and informatics Development Strategy, to ensure universal service, to ensure interconnection between telecommunications and informatics networks and services, to protect users, and to promote fair competition in these sectors.

Informatics
Informatics is the study of computational systems. According to the ACM Europe Council and Informatics Europe, informatics is synonymous with computer science and computing as a profession, in which the central notion is the transformation of information. In some cases, the term "informatics" may also be used with different meanings, e.g., in the context of social computing or library science.
Wollongong Breakwater Lighthouse
Wollongong Breakwater Lighthouse, also known as Wollongong Harbour Lighthouse, is a historic lighthouse situated on the southern breakwater of the heritage-listed Wollongong Harbour, in Wollongong, New South Wales in Australia. Wollongong is the only place in the east of Australia to have two lighthouses located in close proximity of each other, the other being Wollongong Head Lighthouse. While no longer used, the lighthouse was restored in 2002 as operational and is listed an official local heritage building.

The Wollongong Harbour is home to private vessels and the local fishing fleet in the inner Belmore Basin. South of the city lies Port Kembla, a major steelmaking, minerals, grain and vehicle handling harbour.  A further hazard to shipping is an island group known collectively as The Five Islands lying a short distance off the coast.

Port Kembla, New South Wales
Port Kembla is a suburb of Wollongong  10 km south of the CBD and part of the Illawarra region of New South Wales. The suburb comprises a seaport, industrial complex (one of the largest in Australia), a small harbour foreshore nature reserve, and a small commercial sector. It is situated on the tip of Red Point: its first European sighting was by Captain James Cook in 1770. The name "Kembla" is an Aboriginal word meaning "plenty [of] wild fowl".
Sherburne National Wildlife Refuge
Sherburne National Wildlife Refuge is a National Wildlife Refuge of the United States in Sherburne County, Minnesota. The 30,700-acre (124 km2) refuge protects mixed habitat types including oak savanna, Big Woods, and wetlands.  The St. Francis River flows through the eastern side of the park.  Over 230 species of birds, 58 species of mammals, and 25 species of reptiles and amphibians have been recorded in the refuge.

Big Woods
Big Woods refers to a type of temperate hardwood forest ecoregion found in western Wisconsin and south-central Minnesota. "Big Woods" is a direct translation of the name given to the region by French explorers: Grand Bois. The theory of its origins maintains the ecosystem was formed 300 to 600 years ago in the protection "of
topographic and water-based ﬁrebreaks during a period of cooler and moister climate".
Edward H. R. Green
Edward Howland Robinson Green (August 22, 1868 – June 8, 1936), also known as Colonel Green, was an American businessman and philanthropist, the only son of financier Hetty Green (the "Witch of Wall Street").

At his mother's behest, Green oversaw a turnaround of the Texas Midland Railroad. After his mother's death in 1916 and his inheritance of half her fortune, Green became one of the country's wealthiest citizens. He built the Round Hill estate on Massachusetts' Buzzards Bay. From his coastal residence, he hosted an early radio broadcaster and funded radio signal research, flight tests, and high-voltage experiments of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Green was also noted for his stamp and coin collections.

Numismatics
Numismatics is the study or collection of currency,  including coins, tokens, paper money, medals, and related objects.

Specialists, known as numismatists, are often characterized as students or collectors of coins, but the discipline also includes the broader study of money and other means of payment used to resolve debts and exchange goods.

The earliest forms of money used by people are categorised by collectors as "odd and curious", but the use of other goods in barter exchange is excluded, even where used as a circulating currency (e.g., cigarettes or instant noodles in prison). As an example, the Kyrgyz people used horses as the principal currency unit, and gave small change in lambskins; the lambskins may be suitable for numismatic study, but the horses are not. Many objects have been used for centuries, such as cowry shells, precious metals, cocoa beans, large stones, and gems.
USS Pansy
USS Pansy was a steamer acquired by the Union Navy from the Union Army during the American Civil War.  She served the Navy as a tugboat and as a dispatch boat.

She served in, and supported, several blockades of the Confederate States of America, including the Union Army’s Western Flotilla and the Union Navy’s Mississippi River Mortar Brigade.

Union navy
The Union navy is used to describe the United States Navy (USN) during the American Civil War, when it fought the Confederate States Navy (CSN). The term is sometimes used to describe vessels of war used on the rivers of the interior under the control of the Union army.
The Mermaid (1904 film)
The Mermaid (French: La Sirène) is a 1904 French silent trick film by Georges Méliès. It was sold by Méliès's Star Film Company and is numbered 593–595 in its catalogues.

Méliès himself plays the gentleman in the film. The special effects include stage machinery, pyrotechnics, substitution splices, multiple exposures, dissolves, and what reads as a traveling shot (though in fact it is the action wheeling toward the camera, not the reverse). Film critic William B. Parrill suspects this film's visuals influenced Vasili Goncharov's The Water Nymph (1910).

Multiple exposure
In photography and cinematography, a multiple exposure is the superimposition of two or more exposures to create a single image, and double exposure has a corresponding meaning in respect of two images. The exposure values may or may not be identical to each other.
Cliff Buchholz
Clifford Buchholz (born May 28, 1943) is an American former tennis player.

Raised in St. Louis, Missouri, Buchholz is the younger brother of tennis player Butch Buchholz. In 1961 he was beaten in the final of the U.S. national junior indoor championships by Arthur Ashe, who was also a St. Louis resident at the time. He made the fourth round of the 1963 U.S. National Championships and played collegiate tennis for the Trinity Tigers, where he earned All-American honors in 1965. Having left the tour to attend law school, he made a return in 1974 as a member of World Team Tennis franchise the Denver Racquets and they won the championship that year.

Buchholz later got involved in tournament management and along with his brother Butch founded the Lipton Championships (now Miami Open). He has operated several fitness centers across Colorado.

Miami Open (tennis)
The Miami Open (also known as the Miami Masters and as the Miami Open presented by Itaú for sponsorship reasons) is an annual professional tennis tournament held in Miami Gardens, Florida, United States. It is played on outdoor hardcourts at the Hard Rock Stadium, and is held in late March and early April. The tournament is part of the ATP Masters 1000 events on the ATP Tour and part of the WTA 1000 events on the WTA Tour.

The tournament was held at the Tennis Center at Crandon Park in Key Biscayne, Florida from 1987 through 2018, featuring the top 96 men and women tennis players in the world. It moved to Miami Gardens for 2019. Following the Indian Wells Open, it is the second event of the "Sunshine Double" — a series of two elite, consecutive hard court tournaments in the United States in early spring.

In 2023, the 12-day tournament was attended by over 386,000 attendees, making it one of the largest tennis tournaments outside the four Grand Slam tournaments.
Herbert Carmichael Irwin
Flight Lieutenant Herbert Carmichael "Bird" Irwin, AFC (26 June 1894 – 5 October 1930) was an Irish aviator and Olympic athlete.

During World War I, Irwin served in the Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS), where he commanded non-rigid airships. After the Great War, the "tall sensitive Irishman" commanded larger rigid airships, initially for the Royal Air Force (RAF) and later on secondment to the (civilian) Royal Airship Works as part of the Imperial Airship Scheme.

Both before and after WWI, Irwin also had a successful career as a middle- and long-distance and cross-country runner, and he represented Great Britain at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp, Belgium.

Irwin's aviation career culminated in his command of the airship R101, the largest airship in the world at the time; he was killed along with another 47 people when it crashed in northern France on a flight from Britain to India.

Blimp
A non-rigid airship, commonly called a blimp (/blɪmp/), is an airship (dirigible) without an internal structural framework or a keel. Unlike semi-rigid and rigid airships (e.g. Zeppelins), blimps rely on the pressure of their lifting gas (usually helium, rather than flammable hydrogen) and the strength of the envelope to maintain their shape. Blimps are known for their use in advertising, surveillance, and observation due to their maneuverability, slow speeds and steady flight capabilities.
Dankov
Dankov (Russian: Данко́в) is a town and the administrative center of Dankovsky District in Lipetsk Oblast, Russia, located on the Don River 86 kilometers (53 mi) northwest of Lipetsk, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: 19,726 (2021 Census); 21,064 (2010 Census); 23,249 (2002 Census); 24,659 (1989 Soviet census). It was previously known as Donkov.

Lipetsk Oblast
Lipetsk Oblast (Russian: Липецкая область, IPA: [ˈlʲipʲɪtskəjə ˈobɫəsʲtʲ]) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Lipetsk. As of the 2021 Census, its population was 1,143,224.
2017 Hong Kong Challenge
The 2017 Sun Hung Kai Properties Hong Kong Challenge was the inaugural edition of the Hong Kong Challenge one-day race. The race was held on October 8, and was rated as a 1.1 event on the UCI Asia Tour.

Matej Mohorič of Slovenia won the race, followed by Robbie Hucker of Australia second and Yukiya Arashiro of Japan third.

Matej Mohorič
Matej Mohorič (born 19 October 1994) is a Slovenian professional road racing cyclist who currently rides for UCI WorldTeam Team Bahrain Victorious. Mohorič turned professional in 2014. He won the Slovenian National Road Race Championships in 2018 and 2021, and the UCI Gravel World Championships in 2023.
Delacorte Theater
The Delacorte Theater is a 1,800-seat open-air amphitheater in Central Park, in the New York City borough of Manhattan. It is home to the Public Theater's free Shakespeare in the Park productions.

Over five million people have attended more than 150 free productions of Shakespeare and other classical works and musicals at the Delacorte Theater since its opening in 1962. The theater was closed for renovation between 2023 and 2025.

The Merchant of Venice
The Merchant of Venice is a play by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written between 1596 and 1598. A merchant in Venice named Antonio defaults on a large loan taken out on behalf of his dear friend, Bassanio, and provided by a Jewish moneylender, Shylock, with seemingly inevitable fatal consequences.

Although classified as a comedy in the First Folio and sharing certain aspects with Shakespeare's other romantic comedies, the play is most remembered for its dramatic scenes, and it is best known for the character Shylock and his famous demand for a "pound of flesh".

The play contains two famous speeches, that of Shylock, "Hath not a Jew eyes?" on the subject of humanity, and that of Portia on "the quality of mercy". Debate exists on whether the play is antisemitic, with Shylock's insistence on his legal right to the pound of flesh being in opposition to his seemingly universal plea for the rights of all people suffering discrimination.
Warren Group – Studio Deluxe
Warren Group | Studio Deluxe is a graphic design firm located in the Beacon Laundry Building, which is part of the Helms Bakery Complex, in Culver City, California. The firm was founded by creative director Linda Warren in 1984.

Warren Group | Studio Deluxe won awards in various design competitions, including the American Center of Design 100 Show, Annual Report 100, and Art Directors Clubs of New York and California. Its work has been mentioned in online and print venues, such as Apple, Graphics Inc., Communication Arts, How and Print Magazine, and selected for the U.S. Library of Congress Permanent Design Collection. The firm's annual report for Junior Blind of America is included in Designing for the Greater Good: "The Best in Cause-Related Marketing and Nonprofit Design."

Communication Arts
Communication Arts (acronym: CA) is the largest international trade journal of visual communication. Founded in 1959 by Richard Coyne and Robert Blanchard, the magazine's coverage includes graphic design, advertising, photography, illustration, typography and interactive media. The magazine continues to be edited and published under the guidance of Coyne's son Patrick Coyne. Currently, Communication Arts publishes six issues a year and hosts six creative competitions in graphic design, advertising, photography, illustration, typography and interactive media and two websites, commarts.com and creativehotlist.com.
Tofogliflozin
Tofogliflozin (INN,: 88  USAN, codenamed CSG452) is a drug developed for the treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2 and was originally co-developed by Chugai Pharma in collaboration with Kowa and Sanofi. It is an inhibitor of subtype 2 sodium-glucose transport protein (SGLT2), which is responsible for at least 90% of the glucose reabsorption in the kidney. As of 2014, tofogliflozin was approved for use in Japan and is marketed under the brand names Apleway and Deberza. It has not been approved for use outside of Japan.

Sodium/glucose cotransporter 2
The sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) is a protein, which facilitates glucose transport and is regulated by sodium ions. In humans it is encoded by the SLC5A2 solute carrier family 5 (sodium/glucose cotransporter) gene, located in chromosome 16, specifically in the band 16p11.2.
Hirschfelder
Hirschfelder is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

David Hirschfelder (born 1960), Australian musician and film score composer

Egbert Hirschfelder (1942–2022), German rower

Gerhard Hirschfelder (1907–1942), German Catholic priest and martyr

Joseph O. Hirschfelder (1911–1990), American physicist

Egbert Hirschfelder
Egbert Hirschfelder (13 July 1942 – 31 May 2022) was a German rower. In 1963–1964 he won a European title and Olympic gold medal in the coxed four. He then changed to eight event and won another European title in 1967 and Olympic gold medal in 1968.
Joe Beshenkovsky
Joe Beshenkovsky, ACE is an award-winning American documentary film editor. His credits include Kurt Cobain: Montage of Heck, Jane (2017 film), The Zen Diaries of Garry Shandling, George Carlin's American Dream, and Flipside (film). With co-director James A. Smith, he directed the documentary Mata Hari, which premiered at the 82nd Venice International Film Festival and won the Venezia Classici Award for Best Documentary on Cinema. He has won three Primetime Emmy Awards. He is part of the documentary production and editorial company Deep Cut.

Flipside (film)
Flipside is a 2023 feature documentary film directed by Chris Wilcha.

The film is a semi-sequel to The Target Shoots First his 1999 72-minute documentary CalArts MFA thesis film about his work at Columbia House record club. that was a winner at Slamdance Film Festival for best documentary feature and best editing.
Brunswick Terrace Synagogue
The Brunswick Terrace Synagogue, also sometimes called the Roof-top synagogue, was a private Orthodox Jewish synagogue that was built on the roof-top of 26 Brunswick Terrace, a terraced-row of houses on the Brunswick Estate in Hove, now a constituent part of the city of Brighton and Hove, in East Sussex, England, in the United Kingdom.

The synagogue, completed in c. 1852, consists of a small octagonal edifice on the top of a glass room built on the roof of the home of Philip Salomons on the Regency-era terrace house, that was built in the period between 1824 and 1830. Salomons and his family worshiped in the Ashkenazi rite. The synagogue, now disused, is part of a Grade I listed consecutive row of terraced houses that were heritage-listed in 1950.

Nusach Ashkenaz
Nusach Ashkenaz is a style of Jewish liturgy conducted by Ashkenazi Jews. It is primarily a way to order and include prayers, and differs from Nusach Sefard (as used by the Hasidim) and Baladi-rite prayer, and still more from the Sephardic rite proper, in the placement and presence of certain prayers.
Bat lau dung laai
Bat lau dung laai (Chinese: 不漏洞拉 or 北漏洞拉; Jyutping: bat1 lau6 dung6 laai1) is a Hong Kong Cantonese corruption of the Vietnamese phrase bắt đầu từ nay, meaning "from now on" (bắt đầu = begin, start; từ = "from", nay = "now", Vietnamese pronunciation: [ʔɓat̚˧˦ ʔɗəw˨ tɨ˨˩ naj˧˧]).

The phrase was made famous in the 1980s and 1990s in Hong Kong, due to a Vietnamese-language radio public service announcement that was broadcast, nearly hourly, on public radio broadcaster RTHK.

1980s in Hong Kong
1980s in Hong Kong marks a period when the territory was known for its wealth and trademark lifestyle. It remained a colony at the beginning of the decade in 1980, and transitioned into a dependent territory of the United Kingdom in 1981, becoming among its last significant colonial territories, also being the richest out of all British dependent territories at the time and most populated with over 5 million people. During this period, Hong Kong would be recognised internationally for its politics, entertainment and skyrocketing real estate prices. It would also go on to be the subject of intense negotiations between Britain and China, which would be resolved in the Sino-British Joint Declaration.