hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Peterborough/Sibson Airfield
Peterborough/Sibson Airfield (ICAO: EGSP), also known as Sibson Aerodrome, is an unlicensed aerodrome located 6 NM (11 km; 6.9 mi) west of Peterborough, Cambridgeshire, England and 1 km (0.62 mi) south of Sibson.

The aerodrome was previously licensed by the CAA (Ordinary Licence number P5877) for flights for the public transport of passengers and for flying instruction as authorised by the licensee (Northamptonshire School of Flying Limited). It became unlicensed in 2013.

Civil Aviation Authority (United Kingdom)
The Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) is the statutory corporation which oversees and regulates all aspects of civil aviation in the United Kingdom. Its areas of responsibility include:

Supervising the issuing of pilots and aircraft engineers licences, testing of equipment, calibrating of navaids, and many other inspections (Civil Aviation Flying Unit).

Managing the regulation of security standards, including vetting of all personnel in the aviation industry (Directorate of Aviation Security).

Overseeing the national protection scheme for customers abroad in the event of a travel company failure (Air Travel Organisers' Licensing – ATOL).

Licensing of spaceflight activities in the UK. This includes: Launch, Range Control, Orbital Operators, and Spaceport licence issuing (Space Industry Act 2018).

The CAA is a public corporation of the Department for Transport, liaising with the government via the Standards Group of the Cabinet Office.
Joseph Hutchinson
Sir Joseph Burtt Hutchinson FRS (21 March 1902 – 16 January 1988) was a British biologist. He was Drapers Professor of Agriculture at the University of Cambridge from 1957 to 1969.

He served as the president of The Uganda Society between 1952 and 1953

The Uganda Society
The Uganda Society is a cultural, and scientific society in Uganda that was founded in 1923. The society was established to promote the study of Uganda's history, culture, and natural history.

The society has a library and archives that contain information on Uganda's history, culture, and natural history. The society also publishes a journal, The Uganda Journal.
Qomolangma National Park
Qomolangma National Park (Chinese: 珠穆朗玛国家公园) is a national park located in Xigazê Prefecture, Tibet Autonomous Region, China. Mount Qomolangma is the Tibetan and Chinese name for Mount Everest.  The park, opened in 2012, occupies 78,000 square kilometres, and contains mountains of altitudes ranging from 7,000 to 8,848 metres.

The number of visitors to the area rose from 13,374 in 2008 to 73,000 in 2012, according to figures provided by the Dingri county tourism bureau. In 2008, the zone received 2,698 foreign tourists, but by 2010 a record 18,700 foreigners visited the area, the highest number for five years.

Shigatse
Shigatse, officially known as Xigazê (Tibetan: གཞིས་ཀ་རྩེ་, Wylie: gzhis ka rtse, ZWPY: xigazê) or Rikaze (Chinese: 日喀则; pinyin: Rìkāzé), is a prefecture-level city of the Tibet Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China. Its area of jurisdiction, with an area of 182,000 km2 (70,271 sq mi), corresponds to the historical Ü-Tsang region of Tibet, and is most notable for containing the Chinese half of Mount Everest.
Bibliothèque Marmottan
The Bibliothèque Marmottan (French pronunciation: [biblijɔtɛk maʁmɔtɑ̃]), located in the Parisian suburb of Boulogne-Billancourt, is a public library bequeathed in 1932 to the Académie des Beaux-Arts by its founder Paul Marmottan.

Dedicated to the First French Empire and open to readers interested in this period, it contains some 25,000 books and periodicals, making it one of the largest Napoleonic libraries in the world.

While it regularly hosts scholars in residence, it will also, from 2023, have three apartments for artists whose work will be presented in the exhibition rooms.

Académie des Beaux-Arts
The Académie des Beaux-Arts (French pronunciation: [akademi de boz‿aʁ]; lit. 'Academy of Fine Arts') is a French learned society based in Paris. It is one of the five academies of the Institut de France. As of 2025, the president of the academy is Coline Serreau, a French actress and film director.
KOK Baptist Association
KOK Baptist Association (KOKBA) is a Kokborok speaking Baptist community in Tripura. It is located within the Khowai district of Tripura in India. It has around 3,800 communicant members in 60 churches.

Kokborok
Kokborok (or Tripuri) is a Tibeto-Burman language of the Indian state of Tripura and neighbouring areas of Bangladesh. Its name comes from kók meaning "verbal" or "language" and borok meaning "people" or "human". It is one of the ancient languages of Northeast India.
Ivor Davies (artist)
Ivor Davies, MBE (born November 1935) is a Welsh artist. He currently lives and works in Penarth, and largely works using the Welsh language.

As a boy Davies went to Penarth County School. He studied at Cardiff College of Art and Swansea College of Art between 1952 and 1957, and then from 1959 to 1961 studied at the University of Lausanne in Switzerland. He then began teaching at the University of Wales before moving on to the University of Edinburgh, where he also completed a PhD on the Russian avant-garde. Davies finally retired from teaching at the Gwent College of Higher Education in 1988.

He was elected vice-president of the Royal Cambrian Academy of Art in 1995 and is a member of The Welsh Group. He was made an MBE in the 2007 New Year Honours list. At the 2002 National Eisteddfod of Wales he won the Gold Medal for Fine Art.

University of Lausanne
The University of Lausanne (UNIL; French: Université de Lausanne) in Lausanne, Switzerland, was founded in 1537 as a school of Protestant theology, before being made a university in 1890. The university is the second-oldest in Switzerland, and one of the oldest universities in the world to be in continuous operation. As of fall 2017, about 15,000 students and 3,300 employees studied and worked at the university. Approximately 1,500 international students attend the university (120 nationalities), which has a wide curriculum including exchange programs with other universities.

Together with the École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) the university forms a vast campus at the shores of Lake Geneva.
Gell-Mann–Okubo mass formula
In physics, the Gell-Mann–Okubo mass formula provides a sum rule for the masses of hadrons within a specific multiplet, determined by their isospin (I) and strangeness (or alternatively, hypercharge)

where a0, a1, and a2 are free parameters.

The rule was first formulated by Murray Gell-Mann in 1961 and independently proposed by Susumu Okubo in 1962. Isospin and hypercharge are generated by SU(3), which can be represented by eight hermitian and traceless matrices corresponding to the "components" of isospin and hypercharge. Six of the matrices correspond to flavor change, and the final two correspond to the third-component of isospin projection, and hypercharge.

Hypercharge
In particle physics, the hypercharge (a portmanteau of hyperonic and charge) Y of a particle is a quantum number conserved under the strong interaction. The concept of hypercharge provides a single charge operator that accounts for properties of isospin, electric charge, and flavour. The hypercharge is useful to classify hadrons; the similarly named weak hypercharge has an analogous role in the electroweak interaction.
Gusevskoye Urban Settlement
Gusevskoye Urban Settlement is the name of several municipal formations in Russia.

Modern entities

Gusevskoye Urban Settlement, a municipal formation which the Work Settlement of Gus-Zhelezny in Kasimovsky District of Ryazan Oblast is incorporated as

Historical entities

Gusevskoye Urban Settlement, a municipal formation which the town of district significance of Gusev in Gusevsky District of Kaliningrad Oblast was incorporated as; it was abolished when Gusevsky Municipal District was transformed into Gusevsky Urban Okrug in June 2013

Ryazan Oblast
Ryazan Oblast (Russian: Рязанская область, romanized: Ryazanskaya oblastʹ, IPA: [rʲɪˈzanskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Ryazan, which is also the oblast's largest city.
Matt Postle
Matthew Postle (born 1970) is a Welsh racing cyclist, from Newport, Wales. He won stage 3 of the Milk Race in 1993, he also held the King of the Mountains jersey in the Tour of Malaysia for 6 days in 1997. He represented Wales at the 1990, 1994 and the 1998 Commonwealth Games.

1990 Commonwealth Games
The 1990 Commonwealth Games (Māori: 1990 Taumāhekeheke Commonwealth) were held in Auckland, New Zealand from, 24 January – 3 February 1990. It was the 14th Commonwealth Games, and part of New Zealand's 1990 sesquicentennial celebrations.

Participants competed in ten sports: athletics, aquatics, badminton, boxing, cycling, gymnastics, judo, lawn bowls, shooting and weightlifting. Judo (which had been a demonstration sport in 1986) and Gymnastics (last held in 1978) were added as events by the New Zealand organising committee, effectively replacing wrestling, which was dropped from the Games for the first time and rowing which had been held for the last time.

Netball and the Triathlon were demonstration events.
Caloptilia betulivora
Caloptilia betulivora is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Canada (Nova Scotia and Québec) the United States.

The larvae feed on Betula species, including Betula alleghaniensis, Betula papyrifera and Betula populifolia. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

Betula alleghaniensis
Betula alleghaniensis, the yellow birch, golden birch, or swamp birch, is a large tree and an important lumber species of birch native to northeastern North America. Its vernacular names refer to the golden color of the tree's bark. In the past its scientific name was Betula lutea, the yellow birch.

Betula alleghaniensis is the provincial tree of Quebec, where it is commonly called merisier, a name which in France is used for the wild cherry.
Louella Pettway
Louella Pettway (1921–2006), also known as Luella Pettway, was an American artist. She is associated with the Gee's Bend quilting collective and the Freedom Quilting Bee. Her work has been exhibited at the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston and is included in the collection of the Columbus Museum.

Freedom Quilting Bee
The Freedom Quilting Bee was a quilting cooperative based in Wilcox County, Alabama, that operated from 1966 until 2012. Originally begun by African American women to generate income, some of the Bee's quilts were displayed in the Smithsonian Institution.
Fiona Cumming
Fiona Cumming (9 October 1937 – 1 January 2015) was a Scottish television director, noted for her work on the BBC television series Doctor Who during the show's Fifth Doctor era.

Her credits included the 1982 serial, Castrovalva, the Season 19 premiere, which marked the debut of Peter Davison as the show's fifth Doctor. Her other work with the show included Snakedance in January 1983 and Enlightenment in March 1983 for season 20. Cumming shot much of the 1984 serial, Planet of Fire, on location in Lanzarote, Canary Islands.

Doctor Who season 20
The twentieth season of British science fiction television series Doctor Who began on 3 January 1983 with the story Arc of Infinity, and ended 16 March 1983 with The King's Demons. A 20th Anniversary special, "The Five Doctors", followed in November 1983. John Nathan-Turner produced this series, with Eric Saward script editing.
Edward Henden
Edward Henden (March 1567 – 1644), of Gray's Inn and Biddenden Place, Kent; later of Serjeants' Inn, Fleet Street, London, was an English Member of Parliament.

He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Rye in 1614.

Rye (UK Parliament constituency)
Rye was a parliamentary constituency centred on the town of Rye in East Sussex. It returned two Members of Parliament to the Parliament of England before 1707, Parliament of Great Britain until 1801 and the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom until its representation was halved under the Reform Act 1832.

From the 1832 general election, Rye returned one Member of Parliament until its abolition for the 1950 general election, when the town of Rye itself was transferred to the redrawn Hastings constituency.

The constituency was re-created for the 1955 general election, and abolished again for the 1983 general election when it was largely replaced by the Bexhill and Battle parliamentary constituency.
Verendrye brothers' journey to the Rocky Mountains
The Vérendrye brothers were trappers, hunters, and explorers, who were possibly the first Europeans to cross the northern Great Plains and see the Rocky Mountains, during an expedition in 1742–1743. What little is known about their journey comes from a journal found in the French archives in 1851 and an inscribed lead plate commemorating the journey which was found buried near Pierre, South Dakota in 1913. Both the journal and plate are difficult to interpret. The journal states the trip may have been made by the "Chevalier Vérendrye and one of his brothers", who are otherwise unidentified. Most likely the Chevalier was Louis-Joseph Gaultier de La Vérendrye and the brother was François de La Vérendrye, but this remains uncertain. The mountains they saw during the expedition may have been the Big Horn Mountains of Wyoming, but could also have been the Black Hills or the Laramie Mountains.

Villasur expedition
The Villasur expedition of 1720 was a Spanish military expedition intended to check New France's growing influence on the North American Great Plains, led by Lieutenant-General Pedro de Villasur. Pawnee and Otoe Indians attacked the expedition in Nebraska, killing 36 of the 40 Spaniards, 10 of their Indian allies, and a French guide. The survivors retreated to their base in New Mexico.
Donn Tatum
Donn B. Tatum (January 9, 1913 – May 31, 1993) was an American businessman and the first non-Disney family member to be an executive of Walt Disney Productions. Tatum held senior leadership positions with Disney for 25 years, becoming president from 1968 to 1971, when he became CEO from 1971 until 1976. His final position was "Director Emeritus" from 1992 until his death. He played a major role in the creation of the Walt Disney World Resort, EPCOT Center and Tokyo Disneyland.

Disney family
The Disney family is an American family that gained prominence when brothers Roy and Walt began creating films through the Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio, today known as mass media and entertainment conglomerate The Walt Disney Company. 
The Disney family's influence on American culture grew with successful feature films such as Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs in 1937 and the opening of the Disneyland Amusement park in 1955. 
Other Disney family members have been involved in the management and administration of the Disney company, filmmaking, and philanthropy.

The Disney family is of primarily Anglo-Irish, English and German descent. The Disneys trace its European origin to the 19th century, with Kepple Disney (grandfather of Walt) who left County Kilkenny, Ireland for Liverpool in 1834, settling in the Province of Upper Canada.
Walt’s father Elias Disney was the first Canadian-born ancestor, in 1859. The first American-born was Herbert Disney in 1888, Walt’s older brother.
1962 Northern Rhodesian general election
General elections were held in Northern Rhodesia on 30 October 1962, with by-elections for several seats held on 10 December. Although the United Federal Party won the most seats in the Legislative Council, and Northern Rhodesian African National Congress leader Harry Nkumbula had made a secret electoral pact with the UFP, Nkumbula decided to form a government with the United National Independence Party.

United National Independence Party
The United National Independence Party (UNIP) is a political party in Zambia. It governed the country from 1964 to 1991 under the socialist presidency of Kenneth Kaunda, and was the sole legal party in the country between 1973 and 1990. On 4 April 2021, Bishop Trevor Mwamba was elected President of UNIP.
Can't Pay? We'll Take It Away!
Can't Pay? We'll Take It Away! is a British factual documentary series on Channel 5. It follows the work of High Court enforcement officers (previously known as sheriff's officers) as they execute privately obtained High Court writs across England and Wales on behalf of private clients, on those who have failed to make repayments on alleged debts or refuse to vacate a property. The series was first broadcast on 24 February 2014. In series 1 and 2, the show featured High Court enforcement agents (HCEAs) from a private limited company called High Court Solutions. The subsequent series featured HCEAs from Direct Collection Bailiffs Ltd (DCBL). Five series of the programme were broadcast from 2014 to 2018.

Factual television
Factual television is a genre of non-fiction television programming that documents actual events and people. These types of programs are also described as observational documentary, fly on the wall, docudrama, and reality television. The genre has existed in some form or another since the early years of television, although the term factual television has especially been used to describe programs produced since the 1990s. The term is especially used in the United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand.
Stefania
Stefania is a genus of frogs in the family Hemiphractidae. They are native to the highlands of the Guiana Shield in southern Venezuela, Guyana, and adjacent far northern Brazil. Most are restricted to the tepui highlands, but S. evansi also occurs in lowlands. On most mountains there are only 1–2 species from this genus, but five are known from Mount Ayanganna and the neighbouring Mount Wokomung has six species. They are usually found near streams at low levels on branches/leaves or on the ground among vegetation/rocks.

They are famous for their breeding strategy where the development from eggs to froglets is completed on the back of the female (the eggs hatch to froglets; there is no free-swimming tadpole stage). The common name carrying frog is sometimes used for Stefania species and it refers to this behavior. A comparable behavior can also be seen in the other genera in the family Hemiphractidae.

Mount Ayanganna
Mount Ayanganna is a sandstone tepui in the Pakaraima Mountains of western Guyana, and located 85 kilometres (53 mi) east of Mount Roraima.

With a height of 2,041 metres (6,696 ft) it is the easternmost tepui taller than 2,000 metres (6,600 ft). It is part of the Guiana Shield and Guyana Highlands.
Liburnians
The Liburnians or Liburni (Ancient Greek: Λιβυρνοί) were an ancient tribe inhabiting the district called Liburnia, a coastal region of the northeastern Adriatic between the rivers Arsia (Raša) and Titius (Krka) in what is now Croatia. According to Strabo's Geographica, they populated Kerkyra until shortly after the Corinthians settled the island, c. 730 BC. Their ethnic and linguistic origins are unknown.

Corinth
Corinth (/ˈkɒrɪnθ/ KORR-inth; Greek: Κόρινθος, romanized: Kórinthos, Modern Greek pronunciation: [ˈkorinθos]) is a city in the Peloponnese in Greece. The successor to the ancient city of Corinth, it is the capital of the Corinthia regional unit and the seat of the municipality of Corinth, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has a population of 38,485 according to the 2021 census, of whom 30,816 live within the city limits of Corinth.

It was founded as New Corinth (Greek: Νέα Κόρινθος, romanized: Néa Kórinthos) in 1858 after an earthquake destroyed the existing settlement of Corinth, which had developed in and around the site of the ancient city.
Trimmatom nanus
Trimmatom nanus, the midget dwarfgoby, is a species of marine goby native to the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean.  It can mainly be found on oceanic drop-offs at depths of from 20 to 30 metres (66 to 98 ft) though it can occasionally be found in outer reef areas and lagoons at depths of from 5 to 35 metres (16 to 115 ft).  This species can reach a length of 1 centimetre (0.39 in) SL.

T. nanus was until 2004 the smallest known fish and vertebrate.  The recent discovery of Schindleria brevipinguis (called the stout infantfish) relegated it to second place. Later, the discovery of Paedocypris progenetica dropped T. nanus to third place. The record for the smallest known vertebrate being held by the frog Paedophryne amauensis, formally described in January 2012.

Schindleria brevipinguis
Schindleria brevipinguis is a species of marine fish in family Gobiidae of Perciformes. Known as the stout infantfish, it is native to Australia's Great Barrier Reef and to Osprey Reef in the Coral Sea.
Institute for Marxism-Leninism for the Central Committee of the SED
The Marx-Engels-Lenin-Institut was a department of the Central Committee of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED), directly subordinate to the secretary of that committee (Fred Oelßner until 1957 and then Kurt Hager until 1989) and named after its earlier equivalent in Moscow. It was set up in East Berlin in 1949, renamed the Marx-Engels-Lenin-Stalin-Institut on Stalin's death in 1953 and the Institute for Marxism-Leninism for the Central Committee of the SED (German: Institut für Marxismus-Leninismus beim Zentralkomitee der Sozialistischen Einheitspartei Deutschlands, or IML) as a result of early de-Stalinization in 1956.

De-Stalinization
De-Stalinization (Russian: десталинизация, romanized: destalinizatsiya) comprised a series of political reforms in the Soviet Union after the death of long-time leader Joseph Stalin in 1953, and the thaw brought about by ascension of Nikita Khrushchev to power, and his 1956 secret speech "On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences", which denounced Stalin's cult of personality and the Stalinist political system.

Monuments to Stalin were removed, his name was removed from places, buildings, and the state anthem, and his body was removed from the Lenin Mausoleum (known as the Lenin and Stalin Mausoleum from 1953 to 1961) and buried. These reforms were started by the collective leadership which succeeded him after his death on 5 March 1953, comprising Georgi Malenkov, Premier of the Soviet Union; Lavrentiy Beria, head of the Ministry of the Interior; and Nikita Khrushchev, First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU).
Arts County Fair
Arts County Fair (ACF) was an annual large outdoor benefit concert/beer garden that ran from 1992 to 2007 at Thunderbird Stadium at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.

Arts County Fair was the largest student-run event in Canada; organized, produced, and promoted by the students of the Arts Undergraduate Society of the University of British Columbia.

Sweatshop Union
Sweatshop Union is a Canadian hip hop collective based in Vancouver, British Columbia, consisting of  four politically-minded rap acts — Dirty Circus, Pigeon Hole (aka "Creative Minds"), Kyprios and Innocent by Standers. Known for their socially conscious lyrics, Sweatshop Union's music comments on issues ranging from the war in Iraq, the plight of the poor and working-class, to the negativity and misogyny of mainstream hip-hop.
Sanjak of Zvornik
The Sanjak of Zvornik (Turkish: İzvornik Sancağı, Serbo-Croatian: Zvornički sandžak) was one of the sanjaks in the Ottoman Empire with Zvornik (in modern-day Bosnia and Herzegovina) as its administrative centre. It was divided into four different districts: Žepče, Maglaj, Tuzla and Kladanj. The sanjak was created in 1480–1481 and was dissolved in 1832.

Maglaj
Maglaj (Serbian Cyrillic: Маглај) is a town and municipality located in the Zenica-Doboj Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is located in northern Bosnia and Herzegovina, 25 km (16 mi) south of Doboj. It has a population of 6,438, with 34,980 inhabitants in the municipality.