hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Economy of Penang
The economy of Penang is classified as a high-income economy and is the fifth largest in Malaysia by gross domestic product (GDP). In 2023, Penang contributed 7.6% of Malaysia’s GDP. The state had a GDP per capita of RM72,586 (US$15,918), the third highest in the country after Kuala Lumpur and Labuan, surpassing the World Bank’s threshold for high-income economies.

Despite being the second smallest Malaysian state by land mass, Penang is one of the country's most developed economic powerhouses. It has a tertiary-based economy primarily driven by services and manufacturing. Penang is known as a popular tourist attraction and has also been dubbed the Silicon Valley of the East due to its leading role as a destination for foreign direct investment, attracting hundreds of multinational corporations. Additionally, Penang is the top exporting state in the country.

Perai Free Industrial Zone
The Perai Free Industrial Zone (Perai FIZ) is a free trade zone within Seberang Perai in the Malaysian state of Penang. Located within the suburb of Perai and 4.7 km (2.9 mi) south of Butterworth, the Perai FIZ was established in 1980 with the aim of becoming a major manufacturing hub for bulk items, leveraging its proximity to the Port of Penang and the railway line that links it to the rest of western Peninsular Malaysia.

The zone has since attracted numerous multinational companies such as Mattel, Flex, Sanmina, JinkoSolar and Honeywell. In 2022, the Perai FIZ, along with other industrial estates within Central Seberang Perai, received RM1.05 billion of foreign direct investments (FDI), accounting for nearly 11% of Penang's total FDI that year.
Agus Dwi Santoso
Agus Dwi Santoso (born in Malang, July 26, 1965) is a badminton coach from Indonesia who is specialized in coaching Men's and Women's Singles.
From 1998 to 2003, Agus Dwi Santoso occupied the National Training Center of Indonesia and coached the men's singles team. In 2010 Santoso was once again hired as Indonesia's men's singles coach at the Pelatnas PB PBSI Cipayung Training Centre. In between his stints for the National association he was a clubtrainer for PB Djarum Kudus, where he managed to make a few clubathletes brilliant. Among them are Andre Kurniawan Tedjono, Dionysius Hayom Rumbaka and Riyanto Subagja, who under his guidance were able to beat several international top players. Other players who coached under Santoso in the past are also Indonesian   two-time World Championships medalist (silver–2007, bronze–2009) Sony Dwi Kuncoro and All England finalist Budi Santoso.

Srikanth Kidambi
Srikanth Kidambi (born 7 February 1993) is an Indian badminton player. He represented India in men's singles at the 2016 Rio Olympics, finishing fifth after a quarterfinal run. In April 2018, he made history by becoming the first Indian male to achieve the World No.1 ranking since Prakash Padukone. He made history in 2021 by becoming the first Indian male to reach the final of the BWF World Championships in the men's singles category, winning a silver medal. Kidambi also served as the captain of the historic Thomas Cup-winning team in 2022, leading India to its first-ever title in the tournament.
Mkwaja
Mkwaja  is an administrative ward in Pangani District of Tanga Region in Tanzania. The ward covers an area of 408 km2 (158 sq mi), and has an average elevation of 37 m (121 ft). According to the 2012 census, the ward has a total population of 4,217. The name Mkwaja is derived after a Medieval Swahili city state on the coast of Mkwaja ward.

Pangani District, Tanga
Pangani District Council (Swahili: Wilaya ya Pangani) is one of eleven administrative districts of Tanga Region in Tanzania. The District covers an area of 1,756 km2 (678 sq mi). It is bordered to the north by Muheza District, to the east by Zanzibar Channel, to the south by the Chalinze District of Pwani Region, and to the west by the Handeni District. The district is comparable in size to the land area of Guadeloupe. The district seat (capital) and largest settlement in Pangani district  is the town of Pangani. The district is named after the historic Pangani River. As of the 2022 census, the population was Pangani district was 75,642, making it the least populous district in Tanga Region.
Chaetodactylidae
Chaetodactylidae is a family of mites in the order Sarcoptiformes. There are five genera: Sennertia, Chaetodactylus, Achaetodactylus, Centriacarus, and Roubikia.

Chaetodactylus krombeini female lateral propodosoma showing enlarged supracoxal sclerite. This trait is diagnostic for the family Chaetodactylidae.

Chaetodactylus
Chaetodactylus is a genus of parasitic mite primarily associated with solitary bees with over 20 species.

These mites usually kill young bee larvae and feed on provisioned pollen and nectar. In nests with partitions (Osmia), bees that develop in the innermost cells chew their way out of the nest, and phoretic deutonymphs from the opened cells may attach to them. The mites in the innermost cell may die because of their inability to break through the partition. In nests without partitions (Lithurgus), some young bees may complete development and transform to adults that disperse the mites.

In colonies of Osmia cornifrons managed for pollination of blueberries in the US, Ch. krombeini phoretic deutonymphs could disperse from a nest to nearby nests by walking through nest entrances and holes made by parasitic wasps. Cross-nest dispersal via blueberry flowers visited by multiple individuals of O. cornifrons was proven to be negligible.
Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid
Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid refers to the foreign relations of South Africa between 1948 and 1994. South Africa introduced apartheid in 1948, as a systematic extension of pre-existing racial discrimination laws. Initially the regime implemented an offensive foreign policy trying to consolidate South African hegemony over Southern Africa. These attempts had clearly failed by the late 1970s. As a result of its racism, occupation of Namibia and foreign interventionism in Angola, the country became increasingly isolated internationally.

Anti-Apartheid Movement
The Anti-Apartheid Movement (AAM) was a British organisation that was at the centre of the international movement opposing the South African apartheid system and supporting South Africa's non-white population who were oppressed by the policies of apartheid. The AAM changed its name to ACTSA: Action for Southern Africa in 1994, when South Africa achieved majority rule through free and fair elections, in which all races could vote.
Fog Magic
Fog Magic by Julia L. Sauer is a children's fantasy novel set in Nova Scotia. It was a Newbery Honor recipient in 1944. Fog Magic tells the story of a young girl who, on foggy days, travels back in time to enter the past life of an abandoned village. Lynd Ward illustrated the book, which was published by Viking.

Fantasy literature
Fantasy literature is literature set in an imaginary universe, often but not always without any locations, events, or people from the real world. Magic, the supernatural and magical creatures are common in many of these imaginary worlds. Fantasy literature may be directed at both children and adults.

Fantasy is considered a genre of speculative fiction and is distinguished from the genres of science fiction and horror by the absence of scientific or macabre themes, respectively, though these may overlap. Historically, most works of fantasy were in written form, but since the 1960s, a growing segment of the genre has taken the form of fantasy films, fantasy television programs, graphic novels, video games, music and art.

Many fantasy novels originally written for children and adolescents also attract an adult audience. Examples include Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, the Harry Potter series, The Chronicles of Narnia, and The Hobbit.
Wade Webber
Wade Webber (born January 12, 1967) is an American soccer coach and former player who spent most of his career with clubs in the Pacific Northwest.  However, he did see three years in Major League Soccer with the Dallas Burn and Miami Fusion before suffering a career ending knee injury. He is currently head coach of MLS Next Pro club Tacoma Defiance.

MLS Next Pro
MLS Next Pro (MLSNP) is a men's professional soccer league in the United States and Canada that is affiliated with Major League Soccer (MLS). It launched in 2022 with 21 teams and now comprises 27 reserve sides of MLS clubs and two independent clubs (Carolina Core FC and Chattanooga FC). MLS Next Pro is classified as part of the third tier of the United States soccer league system.

As of the 2025 season, 27 of the 30 MLS teams held affiliations with an MLS Next Pro team, with only the CF Montréal, D.C. United, and San Diego FC having no such franchise affiliation.
The Empty Pockets
The Empty Pockets (formerly known as Josh & The Empty Pockets) is an American rock and roll band from Chicago, Illinois. Josh & The Empty Pockets released a Buddy Holly Tribute album in 2007 and Under the Bed in 2008, with Erika Brett featured on two of the songs. The band changed its name to The Empty Pockets following the addition of Erika Brett to its lineup. The Empty Pockets released two EPs, one of which features holiday songs.

The group is composed of four members: Josh Solomon, guitar and lead vocals; Nate Bellon, bass and lead vocals; Adam Balasco, drums; and Erika Brett, keyboard and lead vocals.

Dickey Betts
Forrest Richard "Dickey" Betts (December 12, 1943 – April 18, 2024) was an American rock guitarist and vocalist, best known as a longtime member of the Allman Brothers Band.  A co-founder of the band when it formed in 1969,  he was central to the group's greatest commercial success in the mid-1970s, and was the writer and vocalist on the Allmans' hit single "Ramblin' Man".  The Allman Brothers Band broke up and re-formed twice, always with Betts in the lineup, until he left the group in 2000.

Starting in 1974, Betts also fronted his own bands, performing concerts and recording records.  He released albums as Dickey Betts and Great Southern, the Dickey Betts Band, and under his own name.
Odai Yorisada
Odai Yorisada a somewhat minor daimyō during the Sengoku period of the 16th century of Japan. Yorisada was an enemy of the Takeda clan and ended up being defeated by them at one time. After Yorisada was supposedly defeated during this attack by the Takeda, he lit the bridge aflame that led to his castle, in which he committed suicide while on the currently blazing bridge. This act of defiance on Yorisada's part greatly impressed that of Takeda Shingen.

Takeda clan
The Takeda clan (武田氏, Takeda-shi) was a Japanese samurai clan active from the late Heian period until the late 16th century. The clan was historically based in Kai Province in present-day Yamanashi Prefecture. The clan reached its greatest influence under the rule of Takeda Shingen, one of the most famous rulers of the period.
Sleepy Little Deathtoll Town
Sleepy Little Deathtoll Town is the first EP from The Panda Band, released in 2005.  The name of the title track is a reference to their home town.  "Sleepy Little Deathtoll Town" reached #73 on Triple J's Hottest 100 for 2004 and also won the WAM Song of the Year in 2006, winning 'Pop' category.  "Then You Appear" winning the 'Mixed Bag' category in the same year.  "Eyelashes" and "Sleepy Little Deathtoll Town" both received significant airplay on national youth broadcaster, Triple J and community radio across Australia.

Sleepy Little Deathtoll Town also found its way onto airwaves in the United Kingdom through John Kennedy at XFM and Jane Gazzo at BBC6. XFM also had the band stop by the studio while they were in London in October 2005 to play a few songs from the EP for broadcast on Kennedy’s nightly radio program, Xposure.

Radio X (United Kingdom)
Radio X is a British national commercial radio station focused on alternative music, primarily indie rock, and owned by Global. The station launched in 1989 as a pirate radio station named Q102, before being renamed Xfm in 1992. The station became a legally licensed London-wide station in 1997, and in 2015 began national broadcasting under the name Radio X.

According to RAJAR as of Q4 2025, Radio X has reached 2.5 millions listeners. The Chris Moyles Show has received 1.1 million listeners, beating Virgin Radio's Chris Evans morning show.
Battle of Svensksund
The Second Battle of Svensksund (Finnish: Ruotsinsalmi; Russian: Роченсальм) was a naval battle fought in the Gulf of Finland outside the present day city of Kotka on 9 and 10 July 1790. The Swedish naval forces dealt the Russian fleet a devastating defeat that brought an end to the Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790). The battle is the biggest Swedish naval victory and the largest naval battle ever in the Baltic Sea. It qualifies among the largest naval battles in history in terms of the number of vessels involved.

Gulf of Finland
The Gulf of Finland (Estonian: Soome laht; Finnish: Suomenlahti; Russian: Фи́нский зали́в, romanized: Finskiy zaliv; Swedish: Finska viken) is the easternmost arm of the Baltic Sea. It extends between Finland to the north and Estonia to the south, to Saint Petersburg—the second largest city of Russia—to the east, where the river Neva drains into it. Other major cities around the gulf include Helsinki and Tallinn. The eastern parts of the gulf belong to Russia, and some of Russia's most important oil harbors are located there, including Primorsk. As the seaway to Saint Petersburg, the gulf is of considerable strategic importance to Russia. Some of the environmental problems affecting the Baltic Sea are at their most pronounced in the shallow gulf. Proposals for an undersea Helsinki–Tallinn Tunnel through the gulf have been made.
Fortunat
Fortunat (English: Fortunate) is a 1960 Franco-Italian co-production  motion picture comedy directed and written by Alex Joffé,  based on a novel by Michel Breitman. The film stars Bourvil and Michèle Morgan.

It tells the story of a lazy man who helps a sociable lady and her children from the Nazis.

Michèle Morgan
Michèle Morgan (French: [miʃɛl mɔʁɡan]; born Simone Renée Roussel; 29 February 1920 – 20 December 2016) was a French film actress, who was a leading lady for three decades in both French cinema and Hollywood features. She is considered one of the greatest French actresses of the 20th century. Morgan was the inaugural winner of the Best Actress Award at the Cannes Film Festival. In 1992, she was given an honorary César Award for her contributions to French cinema.
Bayou Country (album)
Bayou Country is the second studio album by the American rock band Creedence Clearwater Revival (CCR), released by Fantasy Records on January 15, 1969, and was the first of three albums CCR released in that year. Bayou Country reached No. 7 on the Billboard 200 chart and produced the band's first No. 2 hit single, "Proud Mary".

Tom Fogerty
Thomas Richard Fogerty (November 9, 1941 – September 6, 1990) was an American musician, best known as the rhythm guitarist for Creedence Clearwater Revival. He was posthumously inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1993.
I'm Not Ashamed
I'm Not Ashamed is a 2016 American biographical drama film directed by Brian Baugh and based on the journals of Rachel Scott, the first victim of the 1999 Columbine High School massacre in Columbine, Colorado. Scott, played by Masey McLain, serves as the protagonist of the film; the story of both gunmen, Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold, is intertwined with hers. The film was distributed by Pure Flix Entertainment. It received generally negative reviews from critics and audiences.  It performed poorly at the box office as well, with revenue of $2.1 million compared to the $1.5 million budget of the film.

Pinnacle Peak Pictures
Pinnacle Peak Pictures (formerly Pure Flix Entertainment until January 2021) is an American independent evangelical Christian film production and distribution studio founded by David A. R. White and Russell Wolfe. Pinnacle Peak produces Christian films, including God's Not Dead (2014), Do You Believe? (2015), Woodlawn (2015), The Case for Christ (2017), and Unplanned (2019). Since 2014, films produced and distributed by Pure Flix have collectively grossed over $195 million at the worldwide box office. The company has headquarters in Scottsdale, Arizona.
Leopolis Jazz Fest
Leopolis Jazz Fest (previously Alfa Jazz Fest) is an international jazz festival, annually held in June in Lviv (Ukraine) since 2011. The Guardian included Leopolis Jazz Fest in the list of the best European festivals.

Chucho Valdés
Dionisio Jesús Valdés Rodríguez, better known as Chucho (born October 9, 1941), is a Cuban pianist, bandleader, composer and arranger whose career spans over 50 years. An original member of the Orquesta Cubana de Música Moderna, in 1973 he founded the group Irakere, one of Cuba's best-known Latin jazz bands.

Both his father, Bebo Valdés, and his son, Chuchito, are pianists as well. As a solo artist, he has won seven Grammy Awards and four Latin Grammy Awards.
Implicit divestiture
Implicit divestiture is the ability of the Supreme Court of the United States to solely determine the extent of an Indian Nation's sovereignty, an approach, of recent decades, to federal Indian policy, which is contradictory to U.S. Constitutional protections of Native American sovereignty.

The issue of indigenous sovereignty rights and their protections under federal trust in the United States was asserted in the 19th century, through Supreme Court cases called the Marshall Trilogy of Johnson v. McIntosh, Cherokee Nation v. Georgia, and Worcester v. Georgia.  As Indian law writer Andrew Fletcher terms it, the "colonial trilogy" of Oliphant v. Suquamish Indian Tribe, Montana v. United States, and Nevada v. Hicks undermined tribal sovereignty, through their introduction of "implicit divestiture."  Its application in respect to the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples is yet to be tested.

Cherokee Nation v. Georgia
Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831), 30 U.S. (5 Pet.) 1 (1831), was a landmark United States Supreme Court case. The Cherokee Nation asked the Court to stop Georgia from enforcing state laws that took away their rights within the Cherokee territory. However, the Supreme Court declined to rule on the cases's merits, stating that it lacked the original jurisdiction, or authority,  to decide in a matter between a U.S. state and the Cherokee Nation. Chief Justice John Marshall explained that the Cherokee Nation was not a "foreign nation" but a "domestic dependent nation", comparing their relationship with the United States to that of a "ward to its guardian".

This case, part of the Marshall Trilogy, set a precedent for how Native American tribes are treated under federal law and unfolded against the backdrop of the Indian Removal Act of 1830, highlighting the growing tensions over tribal sovereignty.
Wuji, Hebei
Wuji (simplified Chinese: 无极; traditional Chinese: 無極; pinyin: Wújí) is a town in and the seat of Wuji County, in southwestern Hebei province, China, about 40 km (25 mi) east-northeast of the provincial capital of Shijiazhuang. As of 2011, it has 4 residential communities (社区) and 25 villages under its administration.

Wuji County
Wuji County (simplified Chinese: 无极县; traditional Chinese: 無極縣; pinyin: Wújí Xiàn; lit. 'Limitless') is a county of Hebei Province, North China, it is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Shijiazhuang, the provincial capital. The county covers an area of 524 km2 (202 sq mi), and had a population of 451,377 (as of 2020). Wuji County has 6 towns, 4 townships and 1 Hui autonomous township, total 213 villages. It borders Shenze County to the east, Gaocheng District to the west and southwest, Dingzhou City to the north, and Jinzhou City to the southeast.
Rudolf Kaltenbach
Rudolf Kaltenbach (12 May 1842 – 21 November 1893) was a German gynecologist who was a native of Freiburg im Breisgau.

In 1865 he earned his medical doctorate from the University of Vienna, and afterwards trained under Johann von Dumreicher (1815-1880) at the surgical hospital in Vienna. From 1867 to 1873 he was an assistant to Alfred Hegar (1830–1914) in Freiburg, and was later a professor of gynecology and obstetrics at the University of Giessen. In 1887 he became an OB/GYN professor at Halle, where he succeeded Robert Michaelis von Olshausen (1835–1915). Kaltenbach served in the military during the Austro-Prussian (on the Austrian side) and Franco-Prussian Wars.

Kaltenbach is remembered for his numerous medical publications, including a book on operative gynecology that he co-authored with Alfred Hegar. He is credited with introducing a gynecological graphic aid involving menstruation cycles called the Kaltenbachschema (Kaltenbach chart).

University of Giessen
University of Giessen, official name Justus Liebig University Giessen (German: Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen), is a large public research university in Giessen, Hesse, Germany. It is one of the oldest institutions of higher education in the German-speaking world. It is named after its most famous faculty member, Justus von Liebig, the founder of modern agricultural chemistry and inventor of artificial fertiliser. It covers the areas of arts/humanities, business, dentistry, economics, law, medicine, science, social sciences and veterinary medicine. Its university hospital, which has two sites, Giessen and Marburg (the latter of which is the teaching hospital of the University of Marburg), is the only private university hospital in Germany.
Julian Peterson
Julian Thomas Peterson (born July 28, 1978) is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker for eleven seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Michigan State Spartans. Peterson was selected by the San Francisco 49ers in the first round of the 2000 NFL draft.  He also played for the Seattle Seahawks and the Detroit Lions.

Michigan State Spartans football
The Michigan State Spartans football program represents Michigan State University (MSU) in college football at the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) level. The Spartans are members of the Big Ten Conference. Michigan State claims a total of six national championships, including two (1952, 1965) from the major wire-services: AP Poll and/or Coaches' Poll. The Spartans have also won eleven conference championships, with two in the Michigan Intercollegiate Athletic Association and nine in the Big Ten.

Home games of the Spartans are played at Spartan Stadium, which is located on the main university campus. Spartan Stadium is consistently ranked among the NCAA's top 25 in attendance. The Spartans are currently coached by Pat Fitzgerald.
Chelsea Corputty
Chelsea Corputty (born 4 May 1995) is an Indonesian rower. She won the bronze medal in the women's coxless four event at the 2018 Asian Games held in Jakarta and Palembang, Indonesia.

She has also won medals at the Asian Rowing Championships and the SEA Games.

She won the gold medal in the women's solo coastal rowing competition at the 2016 Asian Beach Games held in Da Nang, Vietnam.

SEA Games
The Southeast Asian Games, commonly known as SEA Games, is a biennial multi-sport event involving participants from the current 11 countries of Southeast Asia. The games are under the regulation of the Southeast Asian Games Federation with supervision by the International Olympic Committee and the Olympic Council of Asia.

The SEA Games is one of the five subregional Games of the Olympic Council of Asia, the others being South Asian Games, West Asian Games, East Asian Games, and Central Asian Games.