hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Unsprung mass
The unsprung mass (colloquially unsprung weight) of a vehicle is the mass of the suspension, wheels or tracks (as applicable), and other components directly connected to them.  This contrasts with the sprung mass (or weight) supported by the suspension, which includes the body and other components within or attached to it.  Components of the unsprung mass include the wheel axles, wheel bearings, wheel hubs, tires, and a portion of the weight of driveshafts, springs, shock absorbers, and suspension links.  Brakes that are mounted inboard (i.e. as on the drive shaft, and not part of the wheel or its hub) are part of a vehicle's sprung mass.

Wheel
A wheel is a rotating component (typically circular in shape) intended to turn on an axle bearing. The wheel is one of the key components of the wheel and axle which is one of the six simple machines. Wheels, in conjunction with axles, allow heavy objects to be moved easily facilitating movement or transportation while supporting a load, or performing labor in machines. Wheels are also used for other purposes, such as a ship's wheel, steering wheel, potter's wheel, and flywheel.

Common examples can be found in transport applications. A wheel reduces friction by facilitating motion by rolling together with the use of axles. In order for a wheel to rotate, a moment must be applied to the wheel about its axis, either by gravity or by the application of another external force or torque.
37th British Academy Film Awards
The 37th British Academy Film Awards, more commonly known as the BAFTAs, took place on 25 March 1984 at the Grosvenor House Hotel in London, honouring the best national and foreign films of 1983. Presented by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts, accolades were handed out for the best feature-length film and documentaries of any nationality that were screened at British cinemas in 1983.

Lewis Gilbert's Educating Rita won the award for Best Film. Dustin Hoffman and Michael Caine tied for Best Actor, while Julie Walters took home Best Actress and Denholm Elliott and Jamie Lee Curtis won the supporting categories.

The ceremony was hosted by Michael Aspel.

Grosvenor House Hotel
51°30′35″N 0°09′20″W﻿ / ﻿51.5098°N 0.1555°W﻿ / 51.5098; -0.1555

JW Marriott Grosvenor House London, formerly the Grosvenor House Hotel, is a luxury hotel that opened in 1929 in the Mayfair area of London, England. Facing Hyde Park, the hotel was built on the site of the former 19th century aristocratic Grosvenor House residence. The hotel is managed by JW Marriott Hotels, which is a brand of Marriott International, and it is owned by Katara Hospitality.
Saint-Didier-sous-Riverie
Saint-Didier-sous-Riverie (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ didje su ʁivʁi], literally Saint-Didier under Riverie; Arpitan: Sant-Dediér) is a former commune in the Rhône department in eastern France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune Chabanière.

Rhône (department)
Rhône (French: [ʁon] ⓘ; Arpitan: Rôno) is a French department located in the east-central administrative region of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. Named after the river Rhône, its prefecture is Lyon. Its sole subprefecture is Villefranche-sur-Saône. Including the Lyon Metropolis, it had a population of 1,875,747 in 2019.
John Wills (academic administrator)
John Wills (1741 – 16 June 1806) was an English academic administrator at the University of Oxford.

John Wills, the only son of John Wills, was born in Seaborough. He matriculated at Hertford College, Oxford in 1758, aged 17, graduating B.A. 1761, M.A. 1765, B.D. & D.D. 1783. He became a Fellow of Hertford College in 1765.

In the church, Wills was appointed rector of Tydd St Mary, Lincolnshire in 1778, and Seaborough in 1779.

Wills was elected Warden of Wadham College, Oxford on 7 July 1783, a post he held until his death in 1806.
While Warden at Wadham College, Wills was also Vice-Chancellor of Oxford University from 1792 until 1796.

Wills was a significant benefactor to Wadham College.

Bachelor of Divinity
In Western universities, a Bachelor of Divinity or Baccalaureate in Divinity (BD, DB, or BDiv; Latin: Baccalaureus Divinitatis) is an academic degree awarded for a course taken in the study of divinity or related disciplines, such as theology or, rarely, religious studies.

At the University of Cambridge, the Bachelor of Divinity degree is considered senior to the university's PhD degree.

In the Catholic universities the Bachelor of Sacred Theology (STB) is often called the Baccalaureate in Divinity (BD) and is treated as a postgraduate qualification.

In America, the BD was largely replaced by the Master of Divinity.
Sport climbing at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Men's combined
The men's combined event at the 2020 Summer Olympics was a climbing competition combining three disciplines (speed, bouldering, lead). It was held from August 3 to August 5, 2021 at the Aomi Urban Sports Park in Tokyo. A total of 20 athletes from 15 nations competed. Sport climbing was one of four new sports added to the Olympic program for 2020.

During the qualifying round, Bassa Mawem of France suffered an injury to his lower bicep tendon in his left arm and was forced to withdraw from the final.

Speed climbing
Speed climbing is a climbing discipline in which speed is the ultimate goal. Speed climbing is done on rocks, walls and poles and is only recommended for highly skilled and experienced climbers.

Competition speed climbing, which takes place on an artificial and standardized climbing wall, is the main form of speed climbing. However, there are types of speed climbing that take place outdoors, such as climbing famous big wall climbing routes in the shortest times, notable examples being on El Capitan in Yosemite National Park.
German submarine U-1199
German submarine U-1199 was a Type VIIC U-boat built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine for service during World War II.
She was laid down on 23 March 1943 by Schichau-Werke, Danzig as yard number 1569, launched on 12 October 1943 and commissioned on 23 December 1943 under Kapitänleutnant Rolf Nollmann.

Kapitänleutnant
Kapitänleutnant, short: KptLt/in lists: KL, (English: captain lieutenant or lieutenant captain) is an officer grade of the captains' military hierarchy group (German: Hauptleute) of the modern German Bundeswehr. The rank is rated OF-2 in NATO, and equivalent to Hauptmann in the Heer and Luftwaffe. It is grade A11 or A12 in the pay rules of the Federal Ministry of Defence.

The rank first appeared in the German Empire and continued in use through the Weimar Republic and into the Third Reich.
Amuse Inc.
Amuse Inc. (株式会社アミューズ, Kabushikigaisha Amyūzu) is a Japanese entertainment company that provides artist management services. The artists include idols, musicians, and more.

Amuse produces TV and radio programs, commercial films, and movies. Other interests are in publication, music software, and patent agent businesses. The private Amuse Museum, located in Asakusa, Tokyo, was owned by the company. It featured ukiyo-e and textile displays.

Juri Ueno
Juri Ueno (上野 樹里, Ueno Juri; born 25 May 1986) is a Japanese actress. She first gained recognition in the 2005 film Swing Girls where she was a recipient of Newcomer of the Year prize at the Japanese Academy Awards. Ueno achieved mainstream success for playing the title role in the live-action adaptations of manga Nodame Cantabile for which she won Best Lead Actress at the 51st Television Drama Academy Awards in 2007. She further gained acclaim with her role in the television series Last Friends for which she won Best Supporting Actress at the Nikkan Sports Drama Grand Prix and the 57th Television Drama Academy Awards in 2008.
2010–11 Swansea City A.F.C. season
The 2010–11 season was Swansea City's 82nd season in the Football League. They finished in 3rd place, and won the Championship playoff, to win promotion to the Premier League.
It was their first return to top-flight football since 1983.

The season was their third consecutive season in the second tier following a 7th-placed finish in the previous campaign, narrowly missing out on a play-off place.

During pre-season, Paulo Sousa left the club by mutual consent, and then later succeeded Nigel Pearson as the new Leicester City manager on 7 July. Brendan Rodgers was appointed as the new manager of Swansea on 16 July, on a 12-month rolling contract.

2009–10 Swansea City A.F.C. season
The 2009–10 season was Swansea City's 81st season in the Football League. It was their second consecutive season in the second tier following an eighth-placed finish in the previous campaign.

Swansea finished the season in seventh place, one place higher than the previous season, having just missed out on a play-off place to Blackpool.
Everway
Everway is a fantasy role-playing game first published by Wizards of the Coast under their Alter Ego brand in 1995. Its lead designer was Jonathan Tweet. Marketed as a "Visionary Roleplaying Game", it has often been characterized as an innovative concept with limited commercial success. Wizards later abandoned the line, and Rubicon Games purchased it, and published several supplements. The line was sold again to Gaslight Press in February 2001. The line is currently with The Everway Company, which has released a Silver Anniversary Edition.

Jeff Miracola
Jeff Miracola (born October 10, 1971) is an American fantasy artist, children's book artist, and illustrator.

Miracola created illustrations for the children's book, Welcome to Monster Isle, along with children's author Oliver Chin in 2008. Miracola's illustrations have also appeared in ImagineFX magazine, The Duelist magazine, Advanced Photoshop magazine, and on a Target Corporation gift card. In the gaming industry, he is best known for his work in the collectible card game Magic: The Gathering, the Shadowrun role-playing game and collectible card game, as well as the Dungeons & Dragons role-playing game. Miracola also created illustrations for the Electronic Arts video game, Mini-Golf, available on the Apple iPod.
Earl Howard
Earl Howard (born 1951) is an American avant-garde composer, arranger, saxophonist, synthesizer player and multi-instrumentalist.

Howard is one of the pioneers of what is called "new" music. He has been in the industry for over thirty years. Howard has performed with Anthony Davis, Gerry Hemingway, Georg Graewe, Mari Kimura, Mark Dresser, Yuko Fujiyama, Evan Parker, Thomas Buckner, George Lewis (trombonist) and many of the other most prominent musicians in his field.

Howard has received numerous awards including, a grant from Harvard's the Fromm Foundation, a Regents Fellowship at University of California, San Diego, and three New York Foundation for the Arts Fellowships. In 2004 Howard's first sound installation was commissioned for the Tiffany Collection at the Queens Museum of Art.

Earl Howard has also produced soundtracks for some major film and video artists including Nam June Paik, Mary Lucier, Rii Kanzaki, Bob Harris, and Bill Brand.

Nam June Paik
Nam June Paik (Korean: 백남준; pronunciation (Korean name order)ⓘ; July 20, 1932 – January 29, 2006) was a South Korean artist. He worked with a variety of media and is considered to be the founder of video art. He is credited with the first use (1974) of the term "electronic super highway" to describe the future of telecommunications.

Born in Seoul to a wealthy business family, Paik trained as a classical musician, spending time in Japan and West Germany, where he joined the Fluxus collective and developed a friendship with experimental composer John Cage. He moved to New York City in 1964 and began working with cellist Charlotte Moorman to create performance art. Soon after, he began to incorporate televisions and video tape recorders into his work, acquiring growing fame. A stroke in 1996 left him partially paralyzed for the last decade of his life.
Bibliography of Shibli Nomani
This bibliography of Shibli Nomani is a selected list of generally available scholarly resources related to Shibli Nomani, a poet, philosopher, historian, educational thinker, author, orator, reformer, critic of orientalists and Islamic scholar from the Indian subcontinent during the British Raj, regarded as the father of Urdu historiography. His disciple Sulaiman Nadvi wrote his biography, Hayat-e-Shibli, in 1943. This list will include his biographies, theses written on him and articles published about him in various journals, newspapers, encyclopedias, seminars, websites, etcetera in APA style.

Urdu literature
Urdu literature (Urdu: ادبیاتِ اُردُو, “Adbiyāt-i Urdū”) comprises the literary works, written in the Urdu language. While it tends to be dominated by poetry, especially the verse forms of the ghazal (غزل) and nazm (نظم), it has expanded into other styles of writing, including the short story, or afsana (افسانہ). Urdu literature is popular mostly in Pakistan, where Urdu is the national language, and in India, where it is an Eighth Schedule language.
Hemiancistrus votouro
Hemiancistrus votouro is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it was collected from a stream in the Uruguay River basin in Brazil. The stream that the species is known from is reported to be 2 to 5 m (6.6 to 16.4 ft) in width, with a substrate composed of rock and sand, moderate marginal vegetation, and rapids separated by pools. The species reaches 14.1 cm (5.6 inches) SL. Its specific epithet reportedly honors the Votouro Indian Reserve in Benjamin Constant do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Uruguay River
The Uruguay River (Spanish: Río Uruguay [ˈri.o wɾuˈɣwaj]; Portuguese: Rio Uruguai [ˈʁi.u uɾuˈɡwaj]) is a major river in South America. It flows from north to south and forms parts of the boundaries of Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay, separating some of the Argentine provinces of the Mesopotamia from the other two countries. It passes between the states of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil; forms the eastern border of the provinces of Misiones, Corrientes and Entre Ríos in Argentina; and makes up the western borders of the departments of Artigas, Salto, Paysandú, Río Negro, Soriano and Colonia in Uruguay.
Control reversal
Control reversal is an adverse effect on the controllability of aircraft. The flight controls reverse themselves in a way that is not intuitive, so pilots may not be aware of the situation; to roll to the left, they have to push the control stick to the right, the opposite of the normal direction.

Aircraft flight control system
A conventional fixed-wing aircraft flight control system consists of flight control surfaces, the respective cockpit controls, connecting linkages, and the necessary operating mechanisms to control an aircraft's direction in flight. Aircraft engine controls are also considered flight controls as they change speed.

The fundamentals of aircraft controls are explained in flight dynamics. This article centers on the operating mechanisms of the flight controls. The basic system in use on aircraft first appeared in a readily recognizable form as early as April 1908, on Louis Blériot's Blériot VIII pioneer-era monoplane design.
Lyman Laboratory of Physics
The Lyman Laboratory of Physics (named for the physicist Theodore Lyman) is a building at Harvard University located between the Jefferson and Cruft Laboratories in the North Yard. It was built in the early 1930s, to a design by Coolidge, Shepley, Bulfinch and Abbott

Among those who have done research at Lyman are Sheldon Glashow, Higgins Professor of Physics, Emeritus and Richard Wilson, Mallinckrodt Professor of Physics, Emeritus. Here, Ranga P. Dias (Post-Doctoral Fellow) and Isaac F. Silvera (Thomas D. Cabot Professor of the Natural Sciences) claim to have gathered experimental evidence that solid metallic hydrogen had been synthesised.

Richard Wilson (physicist)
Richard Wilson (29 April 1926 – 19 May 2018) was a British-American physicist. His original fields were nuclear and elementary particle physics but branched out into applications of physics in other disciplines. Most of his career he had been a physics professor at Harvard University.
Edlumino
Edlumino Education Aid is a nonprofit charity working to improve education for disadvantaged and displaced children around the world. It is a non-governmental organisation (NGO) registered with the UK Charity Commission as charity number 1166131. Edlumino is based in Cambridge and the date of registration was 18 March 2016.

Charity Commission for England and Wales
The Charity Commission for England and Wales (Welsh: Comisiwn Elusennau Cymru a Lloegr) is the statutory regulator of registered charities in England and Wales. It maintains the public register of charities and oversees compliance with charity law.

The Commission is a non-ministerial department of His Majesty's Government that regulates registered charities in England and Wales and maintains the Central Register of Charities. Its counterparts in Scotland and Northern Ireland are the Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator and the Charity Commission for Northern Ireland.

The commission has four sites in London, Taunton, Liverpool and Newport. Its website lists the latest annual reports submitted by charities in England and Wales.

During the financial year 2022–2023, the Commission regulated £88 billion of charity income and £85 billion of charity spend.
Ingo Renner
Ingo Renner OAM (1 June 1940 – 26 February 2022) was an Australian glider pilot. He won the World Gliding Championships four times.

Renner was born in Hude in Germany and started gliding in 1954 at the LSV Hude (gliding club of Hude) of which he was an honorary member. In 1967 he moved to Australia and was granted Australian citizenship in 1971. He flew over 37,000 hours.

Hude, Lower Saxony
Hude (German pronunciation: [ˈhuːdə]) is a municipality in the district of Oldenburg, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated 15 km east of Oldenburg, and 25 km west of Bremen (centre). The population is approximately 15,000 and approximately one third of these people are retired.
2016 Kentucky Bank Tennis Championships – Women's doubles
Nao Hibino and Emily Webley-Smith are the defending champions, Hibino chose not to defend her title. Webley-Smith partnered Riko Sawayanagi, but lost in the quarterfinals.

Hiroko Kuwata and Zhu Lin won the title, defeating Sophie Chang and Alexandra Mueller in the final, 6–0, 7–5.

Sophie Chang (tennis)
Sophie Chang (born May 28, 1997) is an American tennis player.

Chang has career-high WTA rankings of No. 217 in singles, reached in January 2023, and No. 59 in doubles, achieved September 2022. She has won one WTA Tour doubles title with Angela Kulikov in July 2022. On the ITF Circuit, Chang has won 25 doubles titles (five of them with Alexandra Mueller) and four singles titles.
37th Vanier Cup
The 37th Vanier Cup was played on December 1, 2001, at the SkyDome in Toronto, Ontario, and decided the CIAU football champion for the 2001 season. The Saint Mary's Huskies won their second championship in school history by defeating the Manitoba Bisons by a score of 42–16.

Manitoba Bisons
The Manitoba Bisons are the athletic teams that represent the University of Manitoba in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. The football team plays at Princess Auto Stadium, the soccer team plays at the outdoor soccer field on campus, track and field teams use University Stadium, and the volleyball and basketball teams play at Investors Group Athletic Centre. The University has 18 different teams in 10 sports: basketball, curling, cross country running, Canadian football, golf, ice hockey, soccer, swimming, track & field, and volleyball.
Wang Yansi
Wang Yansi (c. 872–966), courtesy name Jixian, was a Chinese orthodox Confucian and hermit during the Tang dynasty and Five Dynasties period. He was an adopted son and advisor to Wang Shenzhi, the first ruler of Min. Though most of his recommendations were ignored (especially those concerning Min's relationship vis-à-vis Later Liang after the Tang collapsed in 907), he successfully convinced Wang Shenzhi against assuming imperial titles. After Wang Shenzhi's death, Wang Yansi went into retirement in the mountains when his adoptive brothers Wang Yanhan, Wang Yanbing and Wang Yanjun were engaged in fratricidal wars. Later in his life he taught Confucian classics and changed his name to Tang Yansi.

Wang Yanhan
Wang Yanhan (Chinese: 王延翰) (died January 14, 927), courtesy name Ziyi (子逸), also known by his posthumous name as the King Si of Min (閩嗣王), was a ruler of Min during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period of China. He ruled briefly after the death of his father Wang Shenzhi (Prince Zhongyi) without a regal title, but later declared himself king.  Just two months after declaring himself king, he was overthrown and killed in a revolt by his adoptive brother Wang Yanbing and younger biological brother Wang Yanjun. Wang Yanjun took over the state thereafter.
Phacelia davidsonii
Phacelia davidsonii is a species of phacelia known by the English name Davidson's phacelia named by Asa Gray for the discoverer of this annual plant, Anstruther Davidson, a Scottish naturalist who emigrated from Scotland to Los Angeles, California, in the late nineteenth century.  This native forb occurs in southern California and southern Nevada, where it grows in mountains and foothills in chaparral and woodland habitats.  In California, this herb is found in the Southern Sierra Nevada, Transverse Ranges, and Peninsular Ranges.

Forb
A forb or phorb is a herbaceous flowering plant that is not a graminoid (grass, sedge, or rush). The term is used in botany and in vegetation ecology especially in relation to grasslands and understory. Typically, these are eudicots without woody stems.
Robert Winter (business theorist)
Robert Winter (born c. 1960) is a German business theorist, Professor of business & information systems engineering at the University of St. Gallen, and director of its Institute of Information Management. He is known for his contributions in the field of Enterprise Architecture and Business Engineering.

Business process
A business process, business method, or business function is a collection of related, structured activities or tasks performed by people or equipment in which a specific sequence produces a service or product (that serves a particular business goal) for a particular customer or customers. Business processes occur at all organizational levels and may or may not be visible to the customers. A business process may often be visualized (modeled) as a flowchart of a sequence of activities with interleaving decision points or as a process matrix of a sequence of activities with relevance rules based on data in the process. The benefits of using business processes include improved customer satisfaction and improved agility for reacting to rapid market change. Process-oriented organizations break down the barriers of structural departments and try to avoid functional silos.
Weightlifting at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics – Girls' 58 kg
The girls' 58 kg weightlifting event was the third women's event at the weightlifting competition at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics, with competitors limited to a maximum of 58 kilograms of body mass.

Each lifter performed in both the snatch and clean and jerk lifts, with the final score being the sum of the lifter's best result in each. The athlete received three attempts in each of the two lifts; the score for the lift was the heaviest weight successfully lifted.

Clean and jerk
The clean and jerk is a composite of two weightlifting movements, most often performed with a barbell: the clean and the jerk. During the clean, the lifter moves the barbell from the floor to a racked position across the deltoids, without resting fully on the clavicles. During the jerk, the lifter raises the barbell to a stationary position above the head, finishing with straight arms and legs, and the feet in the same plane as the torso and barbell.

Of the several variants of the lift, the most common is the Olympic clean and jerk, which, with the snatch, is included in Olympic weightlifting events. Clean and jerk is most commonly performed with a squat clean and a split jerk.