hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nicolo Tartaglia
Nicolo,  known as Tartaglia (Italian: [tarˈtaʎʎa]; 1499/1500 – 13 December 1557), was an Italian mathematician, engineer (designing fortifications), a surveyor (of topography, seeking the best means of defense or offense) and a bookkeeper from the then Republic of Venice. He published many books, including the first Italian translations of Archimedes and Euclid, and an acclaimed compilation of mathematics. Tartaglia was the first to apply mathematics to the investigation of the paths of cannonballs, known as ballistics, in his Nova Scientia (A New Science, 1537); his work was later partially validated and partially superseded by Galileo's studies on falling bodies. He also published a treatise on retrieving sunken ships.

Equations for a falling body
A set of equations describing the trajectories of objects subject to a constant gravitational force under normal Earth-bound conditions. Assuming constant acceleration g due to Earth's gravity, Newton's law of universal gravitation simplifies to F = mg, where F is the force exerted on a mass m by the Earth's gravitational field of strength g.  Assuming constant g is reasonable for objects falling to Earth over the relatively short vertical distances of our everyday experience, but is not valid for greater distances involved in calculating more distant effects, such as spacecraft trajectories.
Strict initial object
In the mathematical discipline of category theory, a strict initial object is an initial object 0 of a category C  with the property that every morphism in C with codomain 0 is an isomorphism. In a Cartesian closed category, every initial object is strict. Also, if C is a distributive or extensive category, then the initial object 0 of C is strict.

Distributive category
In mathematics, a category is distributive if it has finite products and finite coproducts and such that for every choice of objects , the canonical map

is an isomorphism, and for all objects , the canonical map  is an isomorphism (where 0 denotes the initial object). Equivalently, if for every object  the endofunctor  defined by  preserves coproducts up to isomorphisms . It follows that  and aforementioned canonical maps are equal for each choice of objects.

In particular, if the functor  has a right adjoint (i.e., if the category is cartesian closed), it necessarily preserves all colimits, and thus any cartesian closed category with finite coproducts (i.e., any bicartesian closed category) is distributive.
Dolynske, Zaporizhzhia Raion, Zaporizhzhia Oblast
Dolynske (Ukrainian: Долинське; Russian: Долинское) is a village (a selo) in the Zaporizhzhia Raion (district) of Zaporizhzhia Oblast in southern Ukraine. Its population was 690 in the 2001 Ukrainian Census. Dolynske is the administrative center of the Dolynske Rural Council, a local government area.

The village was first founded in 1809 as Kronstal or Kronsthal (Ukrainian: Кронсталь) by German-speaking Mennonites settling the Chortitza Colony. In 1892, its name was changed to Pavlivka (Ukrainian: Павлівка, Russian: Павловка). Since 1963, the village is known as Dolynske.

Raions of Ukraine
A raion (Ukrainian: район, romanized: raion; pl. райони, raiony), often translated as district, is the second-level administrative division in Ukraine. Raions were created in a 1922 administrative reform of the Soviet Union, to which Ukraine, as the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, belonged.

On 17 July 2020, the Verkhovna Rada (Ukraine's parliament) approved an administrative reform to merge most of the 490 raions, along with the "cities of regional significance", which were previously outside the raions, into just 136 reformed raions. Most tasks of the raions (education, healthcare, sport facilities, culture, and social welfare) were taken over by new hromadas, the subdivisions of raions. The 136 new districts include ten in Crimea, which have been de facto outside Ukrainian control since the start of the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2014.
Angelina Lazareva
Angelina Vadimovna Lazareva (Lazarenko) (Russian: Ангели́на Вади́мовна Лазарева (Лазаре́нко), IPA: [ɐnɡʲɪˈlʲinə vɐˈdʲiməvnə ləzɐˈrʲenkə]; born 13 April 1998) is a Russian volleyball player, a member of the Russia women's national volleyball team. Since the 2019/2020 season, she has played for Dinamo Krasnodar.

Russia women's national volleyball team
The Russia women's national volleyball team is governed by the Russian Volleyball Federation and participated in international volleyball competitions. They played from 1949 to 1991 as the Soviet Union and as the CIS in 1992.

In response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the International Volleyball Federation suspended all Russian national teams, clubs, and officials, as well as beach and snow volleyball athletes, from all events. The European Volleyball Confederation (CEV) also banned all Russian national teams, clubs, and officials from participating in European competition, and suspended all members of Russia from their respective functions in CEV organs.
Total (Teenage Bottlerocket album)
Total is the second album by the American pop punk band Teenage Bottlerocket. It was released on April 12, 2005, on Red Scare Records. The album was recorded at The Blasting Room by Andrew Berlin and Bill Stevenson. "Radio" and "Blood Bath at Burger King", which were previously released on a split 7-inch with Prototipes, were recorded October 29 and 30, 2004. The rest of the songs were recorded December 18–23, 2004 and January 3–6, 2005.

Three songs that originally appeared on Another Way, the band's previous album, were re-recorded during the Total sessions: "Rebound", which appears on the album, "Be Stag", which only appears on the vinyl version of the album, and "Pull the Plug", which was released on the Take Action! Vol. 5 compilation. Additionally, "Go Away" was also re-recorded for this album, originally appearing on a split 7-inch with Bill the Welder.

The Blasting Room
The Blasting Room is a recording studio in Fort Collins, Colorado. Founded by members of the punk rock band All in 1994, it is owned and operated by musician Bill Stevenson (Descendents, Black Flag, All, Only Crime) and Jason Livermore. The studio is known for recording and producing many punk rock bands, with Stevenson and Livermore serving as in-house audio engineers and record producers.
Bohuslav Matoušek
Bohuslav Matoušek (born in Havlíčkův Brod, 26 September 1949) is a Czech violinist and violist. At present he is a lecturer at the Academy of Music in Prague and JAMU.

He studied in the classes of Jaroslav Pekelský and Václav Snítil at Prague's Academy of Music. He has cooperated with Kurt Masur, Zubin Mehta, Leonard Bernstein, Jaroslav Tůma, Czech Philharmonic, Bohuslav Martinu Philharmonic Orchestra, Barocco sempre giovane etc. In 1985 he co-founded and performed as the primarius of the Stamic Quartet. He is Professor of the Faculty of Music of the Academy of Performing Arts in Prague.

Barocco sempre giovane
Barocco sempre giovane is a professional Czech chamber orchestra.

Barocco sempre giovane (Baroque forever young) was founded in 2004 by a violoncellist Josef Krečmer. It is a chamber ensemble consisting of young musicians, standing organist and harpsichordist is Pavel Svoboda, concert master is Iva Kramperová. It makes CD recordings, performs on Czech television and cooperates regularly with Czech Radio. The young performers focus primarily on the music of the European baroque and classical masters, as well as the contemporary music (Luboš Sluka, Slavomír Hořínka, Vít Zouhar).
Svetlana Bubnenkova
Svetlana Yuryevna Bubnenkova-Stolbova (Russian Светлана Юрьевна Бубненкова; born 2 January 1973 in Izhevsk, Udmurtia) is a racing cyclist from Russia. She represented her native country at three Summer Olympics: 1996, 2000 and 2004. Her biggest achievement was winning the 2002 Giro d'Italia Femminile. Bubnenkova twice won the world title in the women's team time trial (1993, 1994). She tested positive for the use of EPO in the Tour Féminin en Limousin 2006. In June 2007 she was suspended for two years by the French doping association. Later the UCI adopted this suspension, but due to miscommunications Bubnenkova continued to race in 2007. At the end of 2007 the UCI disqualified Bubnenkova in all races she started between June and September 2007.

Udmurtia
Udmurtia, officially the Udmurt Republic, is a republic of Russia located in Eastern Europe. It is administratively part of the Volga Federal District. Its capital is the city of Izhevsk.

It was established as the Udmurt (until 1931 — Votskaya) an autonomous region of the Udmurts, Udmurtia, within Russia on November 4, 1920.
714th Infantry Battalion
Infantry Battalion 714 or 714th Infantry Battalion (Indonesian: Batalyon Infanteri 714/Sintuwu Maroso, Yonif 714) is an infantry battalion of the Indonesian Army formed in 2004 as a result of the conflict in Poso, Central Sulawesi. The formation of the battalion was formed from taking A and B companies from the 711th Infantry Battalion (Yonif 711/Raksatama). This battalion is part of Korem 132/Tadulako Kodam XIII/Merdeka, which is the military regional command which partially covers the island of Sulawesi.

Poso riots
The Poso riots (Indonesian: Kerusuhan Poso), also known as Poso communal conflict (Indonesian: Konflik Komunal Poso), is a name given to a series of riots that occurred in Poso, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. This incident involved a group of Muslims and Christians in the region and was divided into three stages. The first Poso riot took place from 25 to 29 December 1998, the second from 17 to 21 April 2000, and the final one from 16 May to 15 June 2000.

On 20 December 2001, the Malino I Declaration was signed between the two conflicting parties, initiated by Jusuf Kalla, officially concluding the conflict.
AGATA (organization)
Lithuanian Neighbouring Rights Association (Lithuanian: Lietuvos gretutinių teisių asociacija), known as AGATA, is a non-profit performance rights organization established in 1999 that deals with the licensing and rights of music publishers and performers in Lithuania. In 2011, it became the country's designated body for the collection of compensation for writers, performers, actors and producers. AGATA is an associated member of the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI). Since September 2018, AGATA publishes weekly top 100 charts of the most popular albums and singles in Lithuania. The charts are based on sales and streams from Spotify, Deezer, Apple Music, iTunes, Google Play and Shazam.

Shazam (music app)
Shazam is a British application that can identify music based on a short sample played using the microphone on the device. It was created by the British company Shazam Entertainment, based in London, and has been owned by Apple since 2018. The software is available for Android, macOS, iOS, Wear OS, watchOS and as a Google Chrome extension.

The original UK developer of the app, Shazam Entertainment Limited, was founded in 1999 by Chris Barton, Philip Inghelbrecht, Avery Wang, and Dhiraj Mukherjee. On 24 September 2018, the company was acquired by Apple for a reported $400 million.
Bob Chatt
Robert Samuel Chatt (August 1870 – c. 1955) was an English footballer who was a member of the Aston Villa team which won the Football League championship three times in the 1890s. Chatt was credited with scoring the fastest goal in FA Cup final history, scored after just 30 seconds in the 1895 FA Cup final. This record stood for 114 years until Louis Saha of Everton scored after 25 seconds against Chelsea in the 2009 final. His brother, Fred, played for Burton Wanderers.

Chatt later won the FA Amateur Cup with Stockton and is the only player to have winner's medals for both the FA Cup and the FA Amateur Cup.

FA Cup Final
The FA Cup Final is the last match in the Football Association Challenge Cup. It has regularly been one of the most attended domestic football events in the world, with an official attendance of 89,472 at the 2017 final. The Final is the culmination of a knockout competition among clubs belonging to The Football Association in England, although Scottish and Irish teams competed in the early years and Welsh teams regularly compete, with Cardiff City winning the Cup in 1927 and reaching the final in 1925 and 2008. From 1923 until 2000 it was played mostly at the original Wembley Stadium, from 2000 to 2006 at the Millennium Stadium, Cardiff, and has been played at the current Wembley Stadium since 2007.

As of 2025, 144 FA Cup Finals have been played.

Victory in the final is one of the ways teams can qualify for the UEFA Europa League of the following season.
Thistledome
Thistledome, a.k.a. Horn-McAuley House and Chalmers/Horn House is a historic house in Byhalia, Mississippi, USA. Listed on the National Register of Historic Places as part of the Byhalia Historic District, it is the only remaining Antebellum residence in Byhalia.

Antebellum architecture
Antebellum architecture (from Antebellum South, Latin for "pre-war") is the neoclassical architectural style characteristic of the 19th-century Southern United States, especially the Deep South, from after the birth of the United States with the American Revolution, to the start of the American Civil War. Antebellum architecture is especially characterized by Georgian, Neo-classical, and Greek Revival style homes and mansions. These plantation houses were built in the southern American states during roughly the 30 years before the American Civil War; approximately between the 1830s to 1860s.
Lajos Mile
Lajos Mile (born 14 December 1958) is a Hungarian journalist, politician and diplomat, member of the National Assembly (MP) from Politics Can Be Different (LMP) National List between 2010 and 2014. He was also Member of Parliament for Miskolc (Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County Constituency III) between 1990 and 1994.

Borsod–Abaúj–Zemplén County
Borsod–Abaúj–Zemplén (Hungarian: Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén vármegye, pronounced [ˈborʃod ˈɒbɒuːj ˈzɛmpleːn]; Slovak: Boršodsko-abovsko-zemplínska) is an administrative county (comitatus or vármegye) in north-eastern Hungary (commonly called "Northern Hungary"), on the border with Slovakia (Košice Region). It shares borders with the Hungarian counties Nógrád, Heves, Hajdú–Bihar and Szabolcs–Szatmár–Bereg. The capital of Borsod–Abaúj–Zemplén county is Miskolc. Of the seven statistical regions of Hungary it belongs to the region Northern Hungary.

Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén is the second largest county of Hungary both by area (after Bács–Kiskun) and by population (after Pest County). It is the only Hungarian county with two UNESCO World Heritage Sites (the Caves of Aggtelek Karst and Slovak Karst and the Tokaj Wine Region Historic Cultural Landscape).
Zülfikar İnönü Tümer
Zülfikar İnönü Tümer (born 1966) is a Turkish politician from the Republican People's Party (CHP), who has served as a Member of Parliament for Adana since 7 June 2015.

Tümer graduated from Istanbul Technical University as a construction engineer and founded his own construction company shortly afterwards. He worked as an engineer for the construction of roads and bridges, as well as property restoration projects. He is the son of former CHP MP Emin Bilen Tümer, who served as an MP between 1973 and 1977. He was elected as a CHP Member of Parliament in the June 2015 general election.

Adana (electoral district)
Adana is an electoral district of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. It elects fourteen members of parliament (deputies) to represent the province of the same name for a four-year term by the D'Hondt method, a party-list proportional representation system.
Tetsuo Hara
Tetsuo Hara (Japanese: 原 哲夫, Hepburn: Hara Tetsuo; born September 2, 1961) is a Japanese manga artist. He is best known for co-creating the post-apocalyptic martial arts series Fist of the North Star (1983–1988) with writer Buronson, which is one of the best-selling manga in history with over 100 million copies in circulation.

Kazuo Koike
Kazuo Koike (Japanese: 小池 一夫, Hepburn: Koike Kazuo; May 8, 1936 – April 17, 2019) was a prolific Japanese manga writer (gensakusha), novelist, screenwriter, lyricist and entrepreneur. He is best known for his violent, artful seinen manga, notably Lone Wolf and Cub (with Goseki Kojima, 1970–6), Lady Snowblood (with Kazuo Kamimura, 1972–3) and Crying Freeman (with Ryoichi Ikegami, 1986–8), which – along with their numerous media adaptations − have been credited for their influence on the international growth of Japanese popular culture.
Cynthia Kauffman
Cynthia Diane Kauffman (married name: Marshall; born August 23, 1948, in Seattle, Washington) is an American pair skater. With brother Ronald Kauffman, she is a four-time (1966–1969) U.S. national champion and a three-time (1966–1968) World bronze medalist. They represented the United States at the 1964 Winter Olympics and the 1968 Winter Olympics, placing 8th in 1964 and 6th in 1968.

They were inducted into the U.S. Figure Skating Hall of Fame in 1995.

Figure skating at the 1968 Winter Olympics
Figure skating at the 1968 Winter Olympics was held at Le Stade Olympique de Glace in Grenoble, France. Ice dance, then known as "rhythmic skating," was a demonstration event and was won by the team of Diane Towler and Bernard Ford of Great Britain. It became a medal event eight years later in 1976 Innsbruck.

American figure skater Peggy Fleming built up a huge lead after the compulsory figures and won the first-place votes of all nine judges. Her victory marked the first gold medal won by an American after the death of an entire US figure skating team in an air crash in 1961, and heralded an American figure skating renaissance.
Gabriel Abbo
Gabriel Abbo (26 June 1883 – 20 October 1954) was a French politician, born in Sidi Daoud, Algeria (then named Abbo).

Abbo's grandfather had founded the village of Abboville, which was named after the family, and his father owned several important Algerian vineyards.

From 1921 to 1924, Abbo represented a French Algerian constituency (Anciens départements d'Algérie) at the Chamber of Deputies for the Republican-Socialist Party.

Chamber of Deputies (France)
The Chamber of Deputies (French: Chambre des députés, [ʃɑ̃bʁ de depyte]) was the lower house of parliament in France at various times in the 19th and 20th centuries:

1814–1848 during the Bourbon Restoration and the July Monarchy, the Chamber of Deputies was the lower house of the French Parliament, elected by census suffrage.

1875–1940 during the French Third Republic, the Chamber of Deputies was the legislative assembly of the French Parliament, elected by two-round system with universal male suffrage. When reunited with the Senate in Versailles, the French Parliament was called the National Assembly (Assemblée nationale) and carried out the election of the president of the French Republic.
Taypi Qullu (Turco)
Taypi Qullu (Aymara taypi center, middle, qullu mountain, "center mountain", also spelled Taypi Kkollu) is a 4,684-metre-high (15,367 ft) mountain in the Andes of Bolivia. It is located in the Oruro Department, Sajama Province, Turco Municipality, near Junt'u Uta. Taypi Qullu lies northeast of Asu Asuni.

Oruro Department
Oruro (Spanish pronunciation: [oˈɾuɾo]; Quechua: Uru Uru; Aymara: Ururu) is a department of Bolivia, with an area of 53,588 km2 (20,690 sq mi). Its capital is the city of Oruro. According to the 2012 census, the Oruro department had a population of 494,178.
Psammosteida
Psammosteida also called as Psammosteoidei is a suborder of pteraspidid heterostracan agnathans.  The psammosteids had broad, flattened bodies, suggesting a predominantly benthic habit.  The earliest unequivocal psammosteid is Drepanaspis of Early Devonian Germany, which is either included in the family Psammosteidae, or placed within its own family, Drepanaspididae.  If the late Silurian/Early Devonian Weigeltaspis is a psammosteid, as opposed to being a traquairaspid, then that genus, instead, would be the oldest psammosteid.  However, its placement within Heterostraci remains a matter of debate.  Other notable psammosteids include Psammosteus, and Obruchevia, two genera of enormous species with dorsal shields around one meter in diameter.  The Psammosteids were the only heterostracans to survive to the end of the Devonian, where they finally perish during the Hangenberg event.

Hangenberg event
The Hangenberg event, also known as the Hangenberg crisis or end-Devonian extinction, is a mass extinction that occurred at the end of the Famennian stage, the last stage in the Devonian Period (roughly 358.9 ± 0.4 million years ago). It is usually considered the second-largest extinction in the Devonian Period, having occurred approximately 13 million years after the Late Devonian mass extinction (Kellwasser event) at the Frasnian-Famennian boundary. The event is named after the Hangenberg Shale, which is part of a sequence that straddles the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary in the Rhenish Massif of Germany.
Tondenhei
The tondenhei (屯田兵, Soldiers stationed in the fields, literally "field-encampment soldiers") were military settler colonists recruited after the Meiji Restoration to develop and defend Japan's northern frontier in Hokkaidō and Karafuto against foreign states, particularly Imperial Russia. The term tonden comes from ancient China, where colonist militias were also employed to defend imperial frontiers. The first recruits in Japan were former samurai whose feudal lords had opposed the Meiji forces and whose domains were therefore abolished, leaving them without gainful employment. Later recruits included commoners as well as samurai.

Commoner
A commoner, also known as the common man, commoners, the common people or the masses, was in earlier use an ordinary person in a community or nation who did not have any significant social status, especially a member of neither royalty, nobility, nor any part of the aristocracy. Depending on culture and period, other elevated persons (such members of clergy) may have had higher social status in their own right, or were regarded as commoners if lacking an aristocratic background.

This class overlaps with the legal class of people who have a property interest in common land, a longstanding feature of land law in England and Wales. Commoners who have rights for a particular common are typically neighbors, not the public in general.

In monarchist terminology, aristocracy and nobility are included in the term.
Fitzner
Fitzner is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ian Fitzner-Leblanc (born 1984), Canadian curler

Irene Fitzner (born 1955), Argentine sprinter

Jennifer Dahlgren Fitzner (born 1984), Argentine hammer thrower

Rudolf Fitzner (1868–1934), Austrian violinist and music teacher

William Fitzner

Rudolf Fitzner
Rudolf Fitzner ( May 4, 1868 – February 2, 1934) was an Austrian violinist and music teacher.

He was born in Ernstbrunn in 1868. He studied at the Vienna Conservatory. Among his teachers were Anton Bruckner and Jakob Moritz Grün (violin).

In 1894 he established the Fitzner Quartet.

He briefly was chamber musician of the King of Bulgaria starting in 1911, but he soon returned to Austria. He died in Maxglan (present day in Salzburg).