hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Subjective character of experience
The subjective character of experience is a term in psychology and the philosophy of mind denoting that all subjective phenomena are associated with a single point of view ("ego"). The term was coined and illuminated by Thomas Nagel in his famous paper "What Is It Like to Be a Bat?"

Nagel argues that, because bats are apparently conscious mammals with a way of perceiving their environment entirely different from that of human beings, it is impossible to speak of "what is it like to be a bat for the bat" or, while the example of the bat is particularly illustrative, any conscious species, as each organism has a unique point of view from which no other organism can gather experience. To Nagel, the subjective character of experience implies the cognitive closure of the human mind to some facts, specifically the mental states that physical states create.

Cognitive closure (philosophy)
Cognitive closure refers to the concept in the philosophy of mind and philosophy of science that suggests human cognitive faculties are fundamentally incapable of solving certain philosophical problems. These problems, which have persisted throughout the history of philosophy, are considered beyond the reach of human understanding, not because of insufficient data or research, but due to inherent limits in the structure or capabilities of the mind.

Philosopher Colin McGinn, a proponent of cognitive closure, argues that certain philosophical problems, such as the mind–body problem, personal identity, the foundations of meaning, knowledge, both a priori and empirical, and free will, may be fundamentally unknowable by humans. He refers to this viewpoint as transcendental naturalism. Philosopher Owen Flanagan has referred to this stance as "anti-constructive naturalism" or "new mysterianism", and like McGinn, he posits that the limitations are intrinsic to the human brain’s design.
Bolla Bulli Ramaiah
Bolla Bulli Ramaiah (9 July 1926 – 14 February 2018) was an Indian politician who was elected to the 8th, 9th, 10th and 12th Lok Sabhas of the Parliament of India from the Eluru constituency in Andhra Pradesh. He was born in Tatipaka, East Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh.

Ramaiah served as a Union Minister and was a member of the Telugu Desam Party.

8th Lok Sabha
The 8th Lok Sabha ran from 31 December 1984 to 27 November 1989. Politicians were elected in December 1984, taking office by the end of the month. The Lok Sabha (House of the People) is the lower house in the bicameral Parliament of India. 9 sitting members from Rajya Sabha were elected to 8th Lok Sabha after the Indian general election, in 1984.

Rajiv Gandhi of Indian National Congress continued as Prime Minister till 2 December 1989. In this 8th Lok Sabha, INC party had 30 more seats than previous 7th Lok Sabha.

The next 9th Lok Sabha was formed on 2 December 1989, after the 1989 Indian general election.
Live Tour 2009: Trick
Live Tour 2009: Trick (stylized as Koda Kumi Live Tour 2009 ~TRICK~) is the tenth DVD by Japanese pop artist Koda Kumi. It charted at No. 1 on the Oricon Weekly charts and stayed on the charts for six weeks.

The limited editions came with a holographic cover and a bonus DVD.

The DVD is certified Gold for shipment of 100,000 copies.

Moon (EP)
Moon (stylized as MOON) is the fortieth single released by Japanese singer-songwriter Koda Kumi. Much like her past summer single "Freaky" and "4 Hot Wave", Moon carried four songs. It charted at No. 2 on Oricon and stayed on the charts for nineteen weeks. It was released in CD and CD+DVD editions, with the limited editions of both versions carrying an alternate rendition of "Moon Crying".
2009–10 Carolina Hurricanes season
The 2009–10 Carolina Hurricanes season was the franchise's 38th season, 31st season in the National Hockey League and 12th as the Hurricanes. Despite their great playoff run the previous year, the Hurricanes failed to make the playoffs for the first time since the 2007–08 season.

2007–08 Carolina Hurricanes season
The 2007–08 Carolina Hurricanes season began October 3, 2007. It was the franchise's 36th season, 29th season in the National Hockey League (NHL) and 10th as the Hurricanes. The Hurricanes missed the playoffs for the second consecutive year. They are the first team to miss the playoffs twice in a row after winning the Stanley Cup since the 1922 Toronto St. Patricks.

Key dates prior to the start of the season:

The 2007 NHL entry draft took place in Columbus, Ohio, on June 22–23.

The free agency period began on July 1.
Samuel Hill Lawrence
Major Samuel Hill Lawrence VC (22 January 1831 – 17 June 1868), born in Cork, was an Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry
The Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry (DCLI) was a light infantry regiment of the British Army in existence from 1881 to 1959.

The regiment was created on 1 July 1881 as part of the Childers Reforms, by the merger of the 32nd (Cornwall Light Infantry) Regiment of Foot and the 46th (South Devonshire) Regiment of Foot.  The DCLI also incorporated the militia and rifle volunteers of Cornwall.

In 1959 the regiment merged with the Somerset Light Infantry (Prince Albert's) to form the Somerset and Cornwall Light Infantry. However, this was amalgamated with the Durham Light Infantry, the King's Shropshire Light Infantry and the King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry to form The Light Infantry which was also merged, in 2007, with the Devonshire and Dorset Regiment, the Royal Gloucestershire, Berkshire and Wiltshire Regiment and the Royal Green Jackets to form The Rifles, which continues the lineage of the DCLI.
Kengeri
Kengeri is a western suburb of Bangalore city, located along Mysore Road.It is bordered by Nagarbhavi and Ullal to the north, Rajarajeshwari Nagar to the east, Kumbalgodu to the west and Uttarahalli to the south.

Bengaluru–Mysore Infrastructure Corridor
The Nandi Infrastructure Corridor Enterprises Road, commonly known as NICE Road, is a partially implemented and largely scrapped 4 to 6 lane private tolled expressway in Karnataka, that was intended to connect the two important cities Bengaluru and Mysuru in the Indian state of Karnataka. It will not be implemented, as Bengaluru–Mysuru access-controlled Highway part of NH 275 is going to replace it as a section of the new Bengaluru–Mangaluru Industrial Corridor (EC-34).

As of May 2017, around 800,000 vehicles use the road daily on its presently operational section from Electronic City on Hosur Road to Tumakuru Road.

There has been accusation of irregularities in the execution of the Bengaluru Mysuru Infrastructure Corridor (BMIC) by the Nandi Infrastructure Corridor Enterprise (NICE).
Texqa'kallt
The Texqa'kallt or Xexka'llt (Shuswap: [tɛxqaʔkaɬt] "people of the upper reaches") are a division of the Shuswap people of British Columbia that are historically cited as living in and around the North Thompson, through to the Robson Valley. Historic accounts record them as being a mixed peoples speaking Cree and Shuswap, and ethnically of Iroquois, Cree and Shuswap origin. They are known for their participation in the Shuswap-Sekani War, a series of scattered skirmishes and conflicts in and around southern-central British Columbia during the 1780s.

Sekani
Sekani or Tse’khene are a First Nations people of the Athabaskan-speaking ethnolinguistic group in the northern interior of British Columbia. Their territory includes the Finlay and Parsnip River drainages of the Rocky Mountain Trench. The neighbours of the Sekani are the Babine to the west, Dakelh to the south, Dunneza (Beaver) to the east, and Kaska and Tahltan to the north—all Athabaskan peoples. In addition, due to the westward spread of the Plains Cree in recent centuries, their neighbours to the east now include Cree communities.

Sekani people call their language [tsekʼene] or [tθekʼene], depending on dialect, which, appended with Dene (meaning people), means "people on the rocks"; Sekani is an anglicization of this term. Other forms occasionally found, especially in older sources, are Secunnie, Siccanie, Sikani, and the French Sékanais.
Retipping
Retipping refers to the repair and application of iridium tipping material to fountain pen nibs.

Iridium is one of the five platinum group metals.  When platinum is mined, it is usually found with one or more of its five sister metals, called the platinum group metals: palladium, osmium, rhodium, ruthenium, and iridium.

John Holland tipped fountain pens with iridium in 1880.

Nib (pen)
A nib is the part of a quill, dip pen, fountain pen, ball point, or stylus which comes into contact with the writing surface in order to deposit ink. Different types of nibs vary in their purpose, shape and size, as well as the material from which they are made.
Shergold
Shergold Guitars, or Shergold Woodcrafts Limited, is an English guitar manufacturing company established in October 1967 by former Burns London employees Jack Golder and Norman Houlder. Based in East London, the company moved from Forest Gate to Harold Wood in 1973.

Shergold Guitars is currently a subsidiary of Barnes & Mullins since it was acquired in 2015.

Burns London
Burns London was an English manufacturer of electric guitars and bass guitars. Originally established as Ormston Burns Ltd in 1959, it underwent several changes in ownership and branding over the following decades before its assets were acquired in 2020 by a new holding company that has yet to relaunch production.
Louis Marx and Company
Louis Marx and Company was an American toy manufacturer in business from 1919 to 1980. They made many types of toys including tin toys, toy soldiers, toy guns, action figures, dolls, toy cars and model trains. Some of their notable toys are Rock'em Sock'em Robots, Big Wheel tricycles, Disney-branded dollhouses and playsets based on TV shows like Gunsmoke. Its products were often imprinted with the slogan "One of the many Marx toys, have you all of them?".

HO scale
HO or H0 is a rail transport modelling scale using a 1:87 scale (3.5 mm to 1 foot). It is the most popular scale of model railway in the world. The rails are spaced 16.5 millimetres (0.650 in) apart for modelling 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge tracks and trains in HO.

The name HO comes from 1:87 scale being half that of O scale, which was originally the smallest of the series of older and larger 0, 1, 2 and 3 gauges introduced by Märklin around 1900. Rather than referring to the scale as "half-zero" or "H-zero", English-speakers have consistently  pronounced it /eɪtʃ oʊ/ and have generally written it with the letters HO. In other languages it also remains written with the letter H and number 0 (zero); in German it is thus pronounced as [ha: 'nʊl]. In Japan, many models are produced using 1:80 scale (16.5 mm track is still used).
Jewelers Building (1882)
The Jewelers Building is at 15–17 Wabash Avenue between East Monroe and East Madison Streets in the Loop community area of Chicago in Cook County, Illinois, United States. It was built in 1881/82 and was designed by Dankmar Adler and Louis Sullivan. It is the only example of the early work of Adler & Sullivan that survives in the Loop. It is also known as the Iwan Ries Building, and the "Little" Jewelers Building to distinguish from the larger structure at 35 East Wacker Drive, which was built in 1925–27.

The building is a common loft building in construction and plan, but its facade departs dramatically from others of its type. An open exterior, using cast iron mullions rather than masonry piers in the central bay, and Sullivan's stylized floral ornament provide distinction.

The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on August 7, 1974, and was designated a Chicago Landmark on December 18, 1981. It is located in Chicago's Jewelers Row District.

Jewelers Row District
41°52′56″N 87°37′34″W﻿ / ﻿41.882087°N 87.626163°W﻿ / 41.882087; -87.626163

The Jewelers Row District is a historic district in the Loop community area of Chicago, Illinois in the United States.  Running along Wabash Avenue, primarily between East Washington Street and East Monroe Street, the buildings in the district were built between 1872 and 1941 and were designed by many architects, including Graham, Anderson, Probst & White, John Mills Van Osdel, Adler & Sullivan, Alfred Alschuler, D. H. Burnham & Co., and Holabird & Roche in a variety of styles, including Italianate, Chicago School, and Art Deco.  The buildings are variously loft buildings used for small manufacturers, mercantile buildings, office buildings and early skyscrapers.

The district was designated a Chicago Landmark on July 9, 2003. Three identical historical markers about the district can be found on lampposts within the district.
ULPGM
The ULPGM is a family of autonomous, fire-and-forget, precision guided air-to-surface missiles, which can be launched from an unmanned aerial vehicle. This project is a collaboration between the Defence Research and Development Organization, and Bengaluru-based private company Newspace Research & Technologies. Under the Development cum Production Partner programme, Adani Defence & Aerospace, and Bharat Dynamics Limited have been assigned to manufacture the weapon system. It is a component of India's rising focus around precision strikes without necessitating human intervention. With its multi-platform compatibility, lightweight design, and extreme accuracy, ULPGM is intended to give the Indian Armed Forces strategic flexibility on the battlefield.

ULPGM can engage a variety of stationary and moving targets. In addition to Newspace Research & Technologies, DRDO is aggressively working with a number of other Indian firms to integrate the missile with long-range and high-endurance UAVs.

Terminal Ballistics Research Laboratory
Terminal Ballistics Research Laboratory (TBRL) is a laboratory of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) which comes under Ministry of Defence. Located in Chandigarh, the laboratory has become one of the major DRDO labs in the field of armament studies. TBRL is organized under the cluster of missiles and strategic system  of DRDO. The present director of TBRL is Prateek Kishore.
KRVB
KRVB (94.9 FM, "94.9 The River") is a commercial radio station licensed to Nampa, Idaho, United States, and serving the Boise metropolitan area. It airs an adult album alternative (AAA) format branded as "The River," a reference to the Boise River and Snake River, which run through the station's listening area. It is owned by Lotus Communications with studios and offices on Fairview Avenue in Boise.

The transmitter is in Robie Creek, on a tower shared with KBOI-TV.

Nampa, Idaho
Nampa (/ˈnæmpə/ ⓘ) is the most populous city in Canyon County, Idaho, United States. The population was 100,200 at the 2020 census. It is Idaho's third-most populous city. Nampa is about 20 miles (32 km) west of Boise along Interstate 84, and 6 miles (9.7 km) west of Meridian. It is the second principal city of the Boise metropolitan area. The name "Nampa" may have come from a Shoshoni word meaning 'moccasin' or 'footprint'. According to toponymist William O. Bright, the name comes from the Shoshoni word /nampai/, meaning "foot". The city has a prominent student population, home to the College of Western Idaho and Northwest Nazarene University.
Portland Downtown Heliport
Portland Downtown Heliport (FAA LID: 61J) was a public heliport located in the Old Town Chinatown neighborhood in the northwest section of the city of Portland, Multnomah County, Oregon, United States. It occupied the roof of a 1989 parking garage located at the intersection of NW Naito Parkway and NW Davis Street, not far from the Steel Bridge over the Willamette River.

The Downtown Heliport closed in early 2025, and had the distinction of being Oregon's only public-use heliport. It averaged up to 99 aircraft operations per week.

Naito Parkway
Naito Parkway is a major thoroughfare of Portland in the U.S. state of Oregon. It was formerly known as Front Avenue and Front Street and was renamed in 1996 to honor Bill Naito. It runs between SW Barbur Boulevard and NW Front Avenue, and adjacent to Tom McCall Waterfront Park through Downtown Portland.
Akmal Rizal
Akmal Rizal Bin Ahmad Rakhli (born 12 December 1981) is a former Malaysian professional footballer who played as a forward. He is one of the batch of Malaysians to play overseas. He is also the head coach of the Malaysia Super League Kelantan The Real Warriors.

Malaysia Cup
The Malaysia Cup (Malay: Piala Malaysia), formerly known as Malaya Cup, is an annual football tournament in Malaysia, held at the end of the calendar year. The cup was first held in 1921. Despite its prestige and popularity as the country's oldest cup tournament, it does not guarantee a place in a continental competition, which is allocated to the Malaysia FA Cup winners. The competition was previously managed by the Football Association of Malaysia, before it was transferred to the Football Malaysia LLP (now known as the Malaysian Football League) in the 2016 season.

In the 2016 edition, the competition structure changed and only the top eleven teams of the Malaysia Super League and the top five teams of the Malaysia Premier League qualified for the cup.

The current title holder is Johor Darul Ta'zim, who won its fifth title in the 2024–25 edition.
Tina Gordon
Tina Gordon (born March 14, 1969) is an American former stock car racing driver and spokesperson for the Sticks 'N' Stuff furniture chain. She is related to neither NASCAR driver Jeff Gordon nor Robby Gordon. After being released from her ride at Jay Robinson Racing in 2005 she retired from racing.

Robby Gordon
Robert Wesley Gordon (born January 2, 1969) is an American semi-retired auto racing driver. He has raced in NASCAR, CART, the IndyCar Series, the Trans-Am Series, IMSA, IROC and the Dakar Rally. While no longer competing in IndyCar and NASCAR racing, he is active in top-tier off road motorsports such as BITD, NORRA, and SCORE International.

Gordon owns and competes in the Stadium Super Trucks (SST), a series he formed in 2013 and whose championship he won in 2013, 2014 and 2024. He also operates the Speed family of brands, which includes the energy drink Speed Energy that has sponsored his racing efforts since 2010.
James C. Wofford
James Cunningham Wofford (November 3, 1944 – February 2, 2023) was an American equestrian who competed in many international competitions in the sport of eventing. He was most known as a trainer of both horses and riders, and as a retired president of the AHSA and vice-president of the USET.

Culver Academies
Culver Academies is a college preparatory boarding school in Culver, Indiana, which is composed of three entities: Culver Military Academy (CMA) for boys, Culver Girls Academy (CGA), and the Culver Summer Schools and Camps (CSSC). Culver Military Academy was founded in 1894 by Henry Harrison Culver.
Mars sol
Sol (borrowed from the Latin word for sun) is a solar day on Mars; that is, a Mars-day. A sol is the apparent interval between two successive returns of the Sun to the same meridian (sundial time) as seen by an observer on Mars. It is one of several units for timekeeping on Mars.

A sol is slightly longer than an Earth day. It is approximately 24 hours, 39 minutes, 35 seconds long. A Martian year is approximately 668.6 sols, equivalent to approximately 687 Earth days or 1.88 Earth years.

The sol was adopted in 1976 during the Viking Lander missions and is a measure of time mainly used by NASA when, for example, scheduling the use of a Mars rover.

Synodic day
A synodic day (or synodic rotation period or solar day) is the period for a celestial object to rotate once in relation to the star it is orbiting, and is the basis of solar time.

The synodic day is distinguished from the sidereal day, which is one complete rotation in relation to distant stars and is the basis of sidereal time.

In the case of a tidally locked planet, the same side always faces its parent star, and its synodic day is infinite.  Its sidereal day, however, is equal to its orbital period.
Lubiri
Lubiri, commonly referred to as the Kabaka's Palace, Mengo Palace, or Twekobe (meaning "working together" in Luganda), is the official royal compound of the Kabaka (king) of the Buganda Kingdom in Uganda. Situated on Mengo Hill in the Mengo suburb of Kampala, the sprawling four-square-kilometre site overlooks the city and stands opposite the kingdom's administrative seat, the Bulange.

The palace is connected to the Bulange by Kabaka Anjagala Road, known as the Royal Mile, a ceremonial route historically lined with candlenut trees symbolizing the kingdom's clans.

The original Lubiri was destroyed by the Uganda Army in the May 1966 during the Battle of Mengo Hill, at the culmination of the struggle between Mutesa II and Milton Obote for power. It was renovated in 1999, to enable host the Kabaka's wedding.

Muteesa I of Buganda
Muteesa I Mukaabya Walugembe Kayiira (c. 1837–9 October 1884) was the 30th Kabaka of the Kingdom of Buganda, from 1856 until 1884. His name is also spelt as Mtesa, M'tesa (in old documents) and  as Mutesa (in many English documents).
Boswens Menhir
Boswens Menhir (grid reference SW400328), also known as Boswens standing stone, or the Long Stone, is a standing stone 3 kilometres northeast of St Just in Penwith, in Cornwall, England.

The menhir is featured in Mark Jenkin's 2022 film Enys Men.

Menhir
A menhir (/ˈmɛnhɪər/; from Brittonic languages: maen or men, "stone" and hir or hîr, "long"), standing stone, orthostat, or lith is a large upright stone, emplaced in the ground by humans, typically dating from the European middle Bronze Age. They can be found individually as monoliths, or as part of a group of similar stones. Menhirs' sizes can vary considerably, but they often taper toward the top.

Menhirs are found across Europe, Africa, and Asia, with a concentration in Western Europe, notably in Ireland, Great Britain, and Brittany. Theories concerning their purpose remain speculative, with hypotheses ranging from druidic rituals to territorial markers or elements of an ideological system. Some menhirs feature engravings, including anthropomorphic figures and symbols, and are often associated with ancient religious ceremonies and burial chambers.
Pakor II
Pakor II (or Pakur II, Greek: Pakoros) was the king of Persis under Parthian suzerainty in the first half of the first century AD. He was the son of Wahshir and successor of Pakor I. He was the first Persid ruler to put his name on the obverse of his coins, some of which show a three-pointed star on the reverse, the meaning of which is unclear.

Kings of Persis
The Kings of Persis, also known as the Darayanids, were a series of Iranian kings, who ruled the region of Persis in southwestern Iran, from the 2nd century BCE to 224 CE. They ruled as vassal kings of the Parthian Empire, until they toppled them and established the Sasanian Empire. They effectively formed some Persian dynastic continuity between the Achaemenid Empire (6th century BCE – 4th century BCE) and the Sasanian Empire (3rd century CE – 7th century CE).