hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kosmos 1379
Kosmos 1379 (Russian: Космос 1379 meaning Cosmos 1379) was a low orbit 'combat' satellite which was used by the Soviet Union on 18 June 1982 as an antisatellite demonstration; an exercise that the United States called a 'seven hour nuclear war'. Kosmos 1379 intercepted and destroyed Kosmos 1375 as a demonstration of Soviet anti-satellite capability. It was the last satellite to be launched as part of the Istrebitel Sputnikov programme.

Anti-satellite weapon
Anti-satellite weapons (ASAT) are space weapons designed to incapacitate or destroy satellites for strategic or tactical purposes. Although no ASAT system has yet been utilized in warfare, a few countries (China, India, Russia, and the United States) have successfully shot down their own satellites to demonstrate their ASAT capabilities in a show of force. ASATs have also been used to remove decommissioned satellites.

ASAT roles include: defensive measures against an adversary's space-based and nuclear weapons, a force multiplier for a nuclear first strike, a countermeasure against an adversary's anti-ballistic missile defense (ABM), an asymmetric counter to a technologically superior adversary, and a counter-value weapon.

Use of ASATs generates space debris, which can collide with other satellites and generate more space debris. A cascading multiplication of space debris could cause Earth to suffer from Kessler syndrome.
Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Early Education
The office of Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Early Education, is a junior ministerial position in the Department for Education, previously the Department for Children, Schools and Families and Department for Education and Skills, in the Government of the United Kingdom.

The office of Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Early Education was established after the 2024 United Kingdom general election, with Stephen Morgan being the first office holder.

Department for Education and Skills (United Kingdom)
The Department for Education and Skills (DfES) was a United Kingdom government department between 2001 and 2007,  responsible for the education system (including higher education and adult learning) as well as children's services in England.

The department was led by Secretary of State for Education and Skills.

The DfES had offices at four main locations: London (both at the Sanctuary Buildings and Caxton House), Sheffield (Moorfoot),  Darlington (Mowden Hall), and Runcorn (Castle View House). The DfES was also represented in regional Government Offices.

The DfES had jurisdiction only in England as education was the responsibility of the Scottish Government, Welsh Assembly Government and the Northern Ireland Assembly.

On 28 June 2007, the DfES was split up into the Department for Children, Schools and Families (DCSF) and the Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills. The DCSF was later reorganised as the Department for Education in 2010.
Mikhail Ruday
Mikhail Ruday (Михаил Рудай, born 4 May 1988) is a Kazakhstani water polo player. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, he competed for the Kazakhstan men's national water polo team in the men's event. He is 6 ft 4 inches tall.

Ruday also represented Kazakhstan at the 2020 Summer Olympics.

Kazakhstan at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Kazakhstan competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo. Originally scheduled to take place from 24 July to 9 August 2020, the Games were postponed to 23 July to 8 August 2021, because of the COVID-19 pandemic. It was the nation's seventh consecutive appearance at the Summer Olympics in the post-Soviet era, and it was the nation's least successful Olympic Games.
Dirinon Parish close
The Dirinon Parish close (Enclos paroissial) is located at Dirinon in the Brest arrondissement in Brittany in north-western France. The enclosure church is dedicated to Saint Nonne and her son Divy and was built between 1588 and 1714. It has a 1618 south porch with statues of the apostles inside as well as a statue of Christ giving a blessing and holding a globe in his left hand.  Apart from the church there is a chapel, small ossuary and a calvary. The church contains some superb altarpieces and sablières. The church is a listed historical monument since 1916. The name Dirinon is derived from the Breton "diri" which means an oak (chênes) and Sainte Nonne.

Brittany (administrative region)
Brittany (French: Bretagne [bʁətaɲ] ⓘ; Breton: Breizh [brɛjs]; Gallo: Bertaèyn [bəʁtaɛɲ]) is an administrative region of Metropolitan France, comprising the departments of Côtes-d'Armor, Finistère, Ille-et-Vilaine, and Morbihan. Its capital and largest city is Rennes.

Bordered by the English Channel to the north, the Celtic Sea to the west, and the Atlantic Ocean (Bay of Biscay) to the south, Brittany's neighboring regions are Normandy to the northeast and Pays de la Loire to the southeast. It is one of two regions in Metropolitan France where all departments have direct access to the sea, the other being Corsica.

The region of Brittany is sometimes referred to as "administrative Brittany" in contrast to "historical Brittany" or "cultural Brittany", which also includes the Loire-Atlantique and whose potential reunification with the administrative region has been a subject of debate for decades.
Pembertonia latisquamea
Pembertonia latisquamea is a species of daisy (Asteraceae), native to Western Australia. It was first described by Ferdinand von Mueller in 1878 as Brachyscome latisquamea and transferred to the genus, Pembertonia in 2004 by Philip Short.

It is a climber or a shrub growing to 1.45 metres high, on white sand, red sand, silty clay and limestone, and flowers from September to October or July.

Philip Sydney Short
Philip Sydney Short (born 1955) is an Australian botanist. From 1991 to 1992, he served as Australian Botanical Liaison Officer at the Royal Botanic Gardens in Kew, London.

The standard author abbreviation P.S.Short is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.
Blue-naped mousebird
The blue-naped mousebird (Urocolius macrourus), also formerly called the blue-naped coly (Colius macrourus) is a species of bird belonging to the family Coliidae within the order Coliiformes. They are the sister group to the clade Eucavitaves, which contains the families Leptosomiformes (the cuckoo roller), Trogoniformes (trogons), Bucerotiformes (hornbills and hoopoes), Piciformes (woodpeckers, toucans, and barbets) and Coraciformes (kingfishers, bee-eaters, rollers, motmots, and todies).

The species is found in the wild in the drier regions of West Africa to East Africa, as well as Sahel. It is one of the remaining six species of mousebirds. The term "mousebird" comes from its habit of running along branches in a way that resembles the scurrying of a mouse.

Tody
The todies are a family, Todidae, of tiny Caribbean birds in the order Coraciiformes, which also includes the kingfishers, bee-eaters and rollers. The family has one living genus, Todus, and one genus known from the fossil record, Palaeotodus.
Master Lock
Master Lock is an American company that sells padlocks, combination locks, safes, and related security products. Now a subsidiary of Fortune Brands Innovations, Master Lock Company LLC was formed in 1921 by locksmith-inventor Harry Soref and is headquartered in Oak Creek, Wisconsin. In 1970, the company was purchased by American Brands from Soref's heirs. American Brands was later renamed to Fortune Brands, which then split on October 3, 2011, to create the Fortune Brands Home & Security company and the beverages company Beam Inc. (which was then soon purchased by Suntory).

Safe
A safe (also called a strongbox or coffer) is a secure lockable enclosure used for securing valuable objects against theft or fire. A safe is usually a hollow cuboid or cylinder, with one face being removable or hinged to form a door. The body and door may be cast from metal (such as steel) or formed out of plastic through blow molding. Bank teller safes typically are secured to the counter, have a slit opening for dropping valuables into the safe without opening it, and a time-delay combination lock to foil thieves. One significant distinction between types of safes is whether the safe is secured to a wall or structure or if it can be moved around.
Kraszyn
Kraszyn [ˈkraʂɨn] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zadzim, within Poddębice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) north-east of Zadzim, 13 km (8 mi) south of Poddębice, and 40 km (25 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź.

Poddębice County
Poddębice County (Polish: powiat poddębicki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Poddębice, which lies 37 kilometres (23 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź. The only other town in the county is Uniejów, lying 14 km (9 mi) north-west of Poddębice.

The county covers an area of 880.91 square kilometres (340.1 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 42,195, out of which the population of Poddębice is 7,875, that of Uniejów is 2,916, and the rural population is 31,404.
Christmas on Death Row
Christmas on Death Row is a Christmas compilation album by  Death Row Records and Interscope Records on December 3, 1996. The album, Death Row's only Christmas-themed release, was made as a form of charity to the community.

Production was handled by Kevyn Lewis, Danny Boy, Sean "Barney" Thomas, Daz Dillinger, Operation From The Bottom, Reggie Lamb, Roman Johnson and Snoop Doggy Dogg, with Suge Knight serving as executive producer. It features contributions from Danny Boy, Guesss, Six Feet Deep, B.G.O.T.I., Nate Dogg, Tha Dogg Pound, 816, Bad Azz, Big Tray Deee, J-Flexx, Michel'le, O.F.T.B., Sean "Barney" Thomas and Snoop Dogg.

The album debuted at number 155 on the Billboard 200 and peaked at number 30 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums. A music video released for the single "Santa Claus Goes Straight to the Ghetto".

Big Tray Deee
Tracy Lamar Davis (born April 27, 1966), better known as Big Tray Deee or simply Tray Deee, is an American rapper. He is a member of rap group Tha Eastsidaz (alongside Goldie Loc and Snoop Dogg), as well as the Diirty OGz (alongside Tha Chill, Kurupt and Weazel Loc).
St. George's Cathedral, Kaniv
Dormition St. George's Cathedral (Ukrainian: Успенський собор Святого Георгія) or St. George's Cathedral (Ukrainian: Георгіївський собор) is a church in Kaniv, Ukraine, originally built in the pre-Mongol period, making it the oldest building in Cherkasy Oblast.

Cherkasy Oblast
Cherkasy Oblast (Ukrainian: Черкаська область, romanized: Cherkaska oblast, IPA: [tʃerˈkɑsʲkɐ ˈɔblɐsʲtʲ]), also referred to as Cherkashchyna (Ukrainian: Черкащина, IPA: [tʃerˈkɑʃtʃɪnɐ]) is an oblast (province) in central Ukraine located along the Dnieper River. The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Cherkasy. The current population of the oblast is 1,160,744 (2022 estimate).
Oath of Pontida
The oath of Pontida (Giurament de Pontida in Lombard, Giuramento di Pontida in Italian), according to tradition, would have been a ceremony that would have sanctioned on 7 April 1167, in the abbey of Pontida, near Bergamo, in Italy, the birth of the Lombard League, or of a military alliance between the municipalities of Milan, Lodi, Ferrara, Piacenza and Parma aimed at the armed struggle against the Holy Roman Empire by Frederick Barbarossa.

The oath of Pontida does not appear on contemporary documents, being mentioned for the first time in 1505, then three and a half centuries after the traditional date of 7 April 1167.

Lombard language
The Lombard language (Lombard: lombard, lumbard, lumbart or lombart, depending on the orthography; pronunciation: [lumˈbaːrt, lomˈbart]) belongs to the Gallo-Italic group within the Romance languages. It is characterized by a Celtic linguistic substratum and a Lombardic linguistic superstratum and is a cluster of homogeneous dialects that are spoken by millions of speakers in Northern Italy and southern Switzerland.  These include most of Lombardy and some areas of the neighbouring regions, notably the far eastern side of Piedmont and the extreme western side of Trentino, and in Switzerland in the cantons of Ticino and Graubünden. The language is also spoken in Santa Catarina in Brazil by Lombard immigrants from the Province of Bergamo, in Italy.
Bender–Dunne polynomials
In mathematics, Bender–Dunne polynomials are a two-parameter family of sequences of orthogonal polynomials studied by Carl M. Bender and Gerald V. Dunne. They may be defined by the recursion:

,

,

and for :

where  and  are arbitrary parameters.

Carl M. Bender
Carl M. Bender (born 1943) is an American applied mathematician and mathematical physicist. He currently holds the Wilfred R. and Ann Lee Konneker Distinguished Professorship of Physics at Washington University in St. Louis. He also has joint positions as professor of physics at the University of Heidelberg and as visiting professor of applied mathematics and mathematical physics at Imperial College, London.

Bender achieved initial prominence in the sciences for his work on perturbative and nonperturbative methods in quantum field theory. At the turn of the millennium, Bender discovered the importance of parity-time (PT) symmetry in non-Hermitian quantum systems. His work influenced major advances in physics, particularly optics.
Drimia zambesiaca
Drimia zambesaica is a species of flowering plant in the family Asparagaceae. It is a bulbous geophyte native to tropical and southern Africa, ranging from Mauritania to Ethiopia and south to KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa.

Specimens were previously misidentified as Drimia indica. In 2018 Crouch et al. described a new species and monotypic genus, Zingela pooleyorum. In 2019 John C. Manning discovered that Z. pooleyorum was identical with a 1994 description of Urginea zambesiaca by Kativu and Drummond. Manning placed the species in the genus Drimia, with the older specific epithet zambesaica taking precedence.

Storage organ
A storage organ is a part of a plant specifically modified for storage of energy 
(generally in the form of carbohydrates) or water. Storage organs often grow underground, where they are better protected from attack by herbivores. Plants that have an underground storage organ are called geophytes in the Raunkiær plant life-form classification system. Storage organs often, but not always, act as perennating organs which enable plants to survive adverse conditions (such as cold, excessive heat, lack of light or drought).
MTV Presents: Varna Beach
MTV Presents: Varna Beach was a music festival organized by MTV Europe, which is part of Viacom Media Networks. The first edition of the event took place on July 15, 2017 on the South Beach in Varna, Bulgaria, and welcomed international performers such as Bebe Rexha, Tinie Tempah, Jonas Blue, Gorgon City and local artists including Poli Genova, Kristian Kostov and Dara.

Gorgon City
Gorgon City are an English electronic music production duo consisting of two North London producers Kye "Foamo" Gibbon and Matt "RackNRuin" Robson-Scott. Their 2014 singles "Ready for Your Love" and "Here for You" reached the top 10 in the UK. They are currently signed to the UK-based record label Positiva Records which is a division of Universal Music Group.
Asian pride
Asian pride is a term that encourages celebration of Asian ethnicity and culture, with various interpretations and origins. In international relations, it can involve advancing Pan-Asianism and critiquing the West. In the United States, it has roots in counter culture, rejecting stereotypes and empowering Asian Americans. The term gained modern use through hip hop culture, promoting a positive stance on being Asian American. The phrase "Got Rice?" emerged as a symbol of cultural identity and pride, often tied to Asian Pride. It humorously references rice as a staple food in Asian cultures. The term was adopted in T-shirt campaigns and seen as a way for Asian Americans to define their identity and counter stereotypes.

Counterculture
A counterculture is a culture whose values and norms of behavior are opposed to those of the current mainstream society, and sometimes diametrically opposed to mainstream cultural mores. A countercultural movement expresses the ethos and aspirations of a specific population during a well-defined era. When oppositional forces reach critical mass, countercultures can trigger dramatic cultural changes.

Prominent examples of countercultures in the Western world include the Levellers (1645–1650), Bohemianism (1850–1910), the more fragmentary counterculture of the Beat Generation (1944–1964), and the globalized counterculture of the 1960s which in the United States consisted primarily of Hippies and Flower Children (c. 1965–1973, peaking in 1967–1970). Regarding  this last  group, when referring to themselves, counterculture will usually be capitalized and is often hyphenated as: Counter-Culture or Counter-culture.
Liverpool Plains
The Liverpool Plains are an extensive agricultural area covering about 12,000 km2 (4,600 sq mi) of the north-western slopes of New South Wales in Australia.

These plains are a region of prime agricultural land bounded to the east by the Great Dividing Range, to the south by the Liverpool Range and on the west by the Warrumbungle Range. The area is drained by the Namoi River and its tributaries, the Mooki River and the Peel River. There are many depressions, across the plains, which remain as lakes for long periods after heavy rain. These plains are unusual in that many steep hills arise suddenly from the plains.

Towns in the Liverpool Plains include Gunnedah, Narrabri, Quirindi, Werris Creek and Tamworth. Smaller villages include Breeza, Carroll, Mullaley and Willow Tree.

Most of the region nowadays comes under the jurisdiction of Liverpool Plains Shire Council. However substantial parts of the region also form part of the Gunnedah and Tamworth local government areas.

Mooki River
Mooki River, a perennial stream that is part of the Namoi catchment within the Murray–Darling basin, is located in the Northern Tablelands district of New South Wales, Australia.

The river starts at the junction of Omaleah Creek and Phillips Creek, and forms below the Liverpool Range, south-west of Quirindi, and flows generally west of north, joined by three minor tributaries, before reaching its confluence with the Namoi River north-east of Gunnedah; descending 88 metres (289 ft) over its 128 kilometres (80 mi) course.

The towns of Quirindi and Werris Creek lie within the basin of the Mooki River, much of which is prime agricultural land. Little natural vegetation remains in the plains but river gums and other trees grow on the banks of the Mooki River. The Kamilaroi Highway and the North-west railway line cross the Mooki River near Breeza.
Cloak and Cipher
Cloak and Cipher is the second full-length album by Canadian indie rock band Land of Talk, released August 24, 2010, on Saddle Creek Records.

The album features special guests including Patrick Watson as well as members of Stars, Thee Silver Mt. Zion, Wintersleep, The Besnard Lakes, Arcade Fire and Esmerine.

The album was named as a longlisted nominee for the 2011 Polaris Music Prize.

Esmerine
Esmerine is a Canadian modern chamber music group that incorporates genres such as post-rock, drone music, post-punk, and Turkish folk. Founded in Montreal in 2000 by Bruce Cawdron (drums) and Beckie Foon (cello), the band has released six albums.
Cape De la Motte
Cape De la Motte is a prominent cape in George V Land in Antarctica separating Watt Bay and Buchanan Bay. Just to the south, the continental ice surface rises 520 metres (1,700 ft) at Mount Hunt. The cape was charted by the Australasian Antarctic Expedition (1911–14) under Douglas Mawson, who named it for C. P. de la Motte, third officer on the expedition ship Aurora. It has been conjectured that the high land behind this cape is "Point Case", which the United States Exploring Expedition (1838–42) under Lieutenant Charles Wilkes saw from what was called "Disappointment Bay" on January 23, 1840.

SY Aurora
SY Aurora was a 580-ton barque-rigged steam yacht built by Alexander Stephen and Sons Ltd. in Dundee, Scotland, in 1876, for the Dundee Seal and Whale Fishing Company. She was 165 feet (50 m) long with a 30-foot (9.1 m) beam. The hull was made of oak, sheathed with greenheart and lined with fir. The bow was a mass of solid wood reinforced with steel-plate armour. The heavy side frames were braced by two levels of horizontal oak beams. Its primary use was whaling in the northern seas, and it was built sturdily enough to withstand the heavy weather and ice that would be encountered there. That strength proved useful for Antarctic exploration as well and between 1911 and 1917 it made five trips to the continent, for both exploration and rescue missions.
2021 Conservative Political Action Conference
The 2021 Conservative Political Action Conference was the annual event of the Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC), hosted by the American Conservative Union. It was held at the Hyatt Regency Orlando in Orlando, Florida, from February 25 to February 28, 2021. The event was headlined by former President Donald Trump, with many speakers and panels throughout the conference.

American Conservative Union
The American Conservative Union (ACU) is an American political organization that advocates for conservative policies, ranks politicians based on their level of conservatism, and organizes the Conservative Political Action Conference. Founded on December 18, 1964, it calls itself the oldest ongoing conservative lobbying organization in the U.S. The ACU is concerned with issues such as personal liberty or freedom, and traditional values, which they define as foundations of conservatism.
Still Fork
Still Fork is a tributary of the Sandy Creek, 16.1 miles (26 km) long, in eastern Ohio in the United States.  Via the Sandy Creek, Tuscarawas, Muskingum and Ohio Rivers, it is part of the watershed of the Mississippi River, draining an area of 71.4 square miles (185 km2) in Carroll County, Ohio.  The source is at 1,180 feet (360 m) and the mouth is at 1,027 feet (313 m)., with an average gradient of only 0.2%.  From its source in eastern Carroll County the creek flows northwest through Fox, Washington, Augusta, and Brown Townships before reaching its mouth in Minerva, Ohio.  The Ohi-Rail Corporation (OHIC) and Arbor road are situated in the creeks valley over most of its length.

Near Augusta the creek flows through a rural Amish community, and downstream of Ohio State Route 9 is the unincorporated community of Pattersonville.  Mechanicstown and Norristown are the only other named communities in the watershed.

Ohi-Rail Corporation
Ohi-Rail Corporation was a short line railroad that ran from Minerva, Ohio to Hopedale, Ohio, United States, with the reporting mark "OHIC". Interchanges were with Columbus and Ohio River Railroad, Norfolk Southern Railway, and Wheeling and Lake Erie Railway. In March 2020, operations were taken over by Genesee & Wyoming's Mahoning Valley Railway.