hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ski jumping at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 1962
Ski jumping at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 1962 consisted of two individual competitions held between 21 and 25 February 1962 at ski jumping hills in Zakopane, Poland, as part of the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 1962. For the first time in the history of the championships, two individual ski jumping events were contested: one on the K-65 hill and another on the K-90 hill. Toralf Engan won the gold medal on the K-65 hill, with Antoni Łaciak earning silver and Helmut Recknagel taking bronze. Recknagel also claimed the gold medal on the K-90 hill, followed by Nikolay Kamenskiy with silver and Niilo Halonen with bronze.

This marked the 16th occasion that ski jumpers competed at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships, and the third time such events were held in Zakopane, following the championships in 1929 and 1939. A total of 70 athletes from 17 nations participated in the competitions.

Willi Egger
Wilhelm "Willi" Egger (7 October 1932 – 29 April 2008) was an Austrian Nordic combined skier and ski jumper who competed from the late 1950s to the mid-1960s.

Born in Murau, he won three events as a ski jumper in the Four Hills Tournament with wins each in Garmisch-Partenkirchen (1957–58), Innsbruck (1961–62), and Bischofshofen (1961–62). Egger also competed in two Winter Olympics, earning his best finish of 12th in the individual large hill event at Innsbruck in 1964.

Egger also finished 16th in the Nordic combined event at the 1956 Winter Olympics in Cortina d'Ampezzo.
Karpinsky Group
The Karpinsky Group (Russian: Вулкан Карпинского) is a volcanic group located at the southern end of Paramushir Island, Kuril Islands, Russia. The group is capped by two gently sloping cones rising to a height of 1,326 m. They are composed of andesites and andesite-basalts. In the two craters there are fumaroles and fountains of liquid sulfur. The last major, and only historic, eruption was in 1952. The sides of the volcanoes have been heavily glaciated leaving a number of cirques which were initially thought to be eroded craters.  The volcanoes were named after the geologist Aleksandr Petrovich Karpinsky.

Volcanic group
A volcanic group, depending on context, is either (1) a group of related volcanoes in the form of volcanic fields, volcanic complexes and cone clusters, or (2) a stratigraphic group consisting of volcanic strata.
Bad Dürkheim (district)
Bad Dürkheim (German pronunciation: [ˌbaːt ˈdʏʁkhaɪm]; Palatine German: Därkem) is a district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is bounded by (from the west and clockwise) the districts of Kaiserslautern, Donnersbergkreis and Alzey-Worms, the city of Worms, the Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis, the city of Neustadt/Weinstraße, the districts of Südliche Weinstraße, the city of Landau (the Taubensuhl/Fassendeich forest part of the city), the district Südwestpfalz, and the city of Kaiserslautern.

Landau
Landau (Palatine German: Landach), officially Landau in der Pfalz (German pronunciation: [ˈlandaʊ ʔɪn deːɐ̯ ˈpfalts], lit. 'Landau in the Palatinate'), is an autonomous (kreisfrei) town surrounded by the Südliche Weinstraße ("Southern Wine Route") district of southern Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is a university town (since 1990), a long-standing cultural centre, and a market and shopping town, surrounded by vineyards and wine-growing villages of the Palatinate wine region. Landau lies east of the Palatinate forest, on the German Wine Route.

It contains the districts (Ortsteile) of Arzheim, Dammheim, Godramstein, Mörlheim, Mörzheim, Nussdorf, Queichheim, and Wollmesheim.
San Carlos Hotel (Yuma, Arizona)
The San Carlos Hotel is a historic hotel in Yuma, Arizona. Its construction cost $300,000, and it was completed in 1930. It was five stories high, with 107 bedrooms. It was remodelled into 59 residential apartments in the 1980s. The current owner announced plans to sell the building in 2024.

The building was designed in the Art Deco architectural style by Dorr and Gibbs, a firm based in Los Angeles. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since April 12, 1984.

National Register of Historic Places listings in Yuma County, Arizona
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Yuma County, Arizona.  It is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Yuma County, Arizona, United States.  The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map.

There are 57 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 1 that is also a National Historic Landmark.  Another three properties were once listed, but have since been removed.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted September 26, 2025.
Arvada West High School
Arvada West High School, nicknamed A-West, is a public secondary school in Arvada, Colorado, United States. Opened in 1963, it is one of four high schools in Arvada. It is part of the Jefferson County School District.

Jefferson County Public Schools (Colorado)
Jefferson County School District R-1 (a.k.a. Jefferson County Public Schools or Jeffco Public Schools) is a school district in Jefferson County, Colorado, United States. The district is headquartered at the Jeffco Public Schools Education Center in an unincorporated area of the county near Golden in the Denver metropolitan area. Jeffco Public Schools serves almost 81,000 students in 160 schools. It is the second-largest school district in Colorado, having been surpassed in 2013 by Denver Public Schools, which has an enrollment of approximately 81,000. The district covers the entirety of Jefferson County, and also includes a section of the adjacent city of Broomfield.
David Melnick
David Melnick (1938–2022) was a gay avant-garde American poet. He was born in Illinois and grew up in Los Angeles, California. He attended the University of Chicago and University of California, Berkeley.

Book One of Melnick's homophonic translation of Homer's Iliad, titled Men in Aïda, was published in 1983 by Lyn Hejinian's Tuumba Press. The farcical bathhouse scenario presented in Melnick's translation suggests underlying homoeroticism in the original text. Melnick's work has been included in Ron Silliman's 1986 anthology of Language poetry In the American Tree. Craig Dworkin and Kenneth Goldsmith wrote about Melnick's Men in Aïda in relation to conceptual poetics in 2010's Against Expression: An Anthology of Conceptual Writing. Often grouped with Language poetry, Melnick's Men in Aïda has been compared to Celia and Louis Zukofsky's Catullus and PCOET has been discussed alongside Russian Futurist Velimir Khlebnikov's zaum poetics.

Louis Zukofsky
Louis Zukofsky (January 23, 1904 – May 12, 1978) was an American poet. He was the primary instigator and theorist of the so-called "Objectivist" poets, a short lived collective of poets who after several decades of obscurity would reemerge around 1960 and become a significant influence on subsequent generations of poets in America and abroad.
Raffelstetten customs regulations
Raffelstetten customs regulations (Latin: Inquisitio de theloneis Raffelstettensis, literally: "Inquiry of the Raffelstetten Tolls") is a rare example of a legal regulation of customs in Early Medieval Europe, the text of which has been preserved until modern times. The regulation is only known from a single copy, a manuscript dated to the 1250s, which was preserved in a church at Passau. The critical edition of the manuscript was published in the Monumenta Germaniae Historica in 1897 by Alfred Boretius and Victor Krause. The incipit reads: "Noverit omnium fidelium orthodoxorum...".

Customs
Customs is an authority or agency in a country responsible for collecting tariffs and for controlling the flow of goods, including animals, transports, personal effects, and hazardous items, into and out of a country. Traditionally, customs has been considered as the fiscal subject that charges customs duties (i.e. tariffs) and other taxes on import and export. In recent decades, the views on the functions of customs have considerably expanded and now covers three basic issues: taxation, security, and trade facilitation.

Each country has its own laws and regulations for the import and export of goods into and out of a country, enforced by their respective customs authorities; the import/export of some goods may be restricted or forbidden entirely. A wide range of penalties are faced by those who break these laws.
Minister of Women, Youth and Persons with Disabilities
The minister of women, youth and persons with disabilities is the minister of the South African government with political responsibility for South Africa's Department of Women, Youth and Persons with Disabilities. Between 2014 and 2024, the ministry was located in the Presidency, making its holders ministers in the presidency.

The current minister is Sindisiwe Chikunga, who was appointed by President Cyril Ramaphosa on 30 June 2024.

Minister in the Presidency
The minister in the presidency is a minister in the Cabinet of South Africa, appointed by the President of South Africa. The minister has general responsibility for portfolios in the Office of the President of South Africa. Some former Ministers in the Presidency have been assigned specific portfolios.

The current minister in the presidency is Khumbudzo Ntshavheni, who was appointed to the position in March 2023.
Ben Aris
Benjamin Patrick Aris (16 March 1937 – 4 September 2003) was an English actor who was best known for his parts in Hi-de-Hi! and To the Manor Born, and was also very active on stage. He was often cast as an eccentric, upper-class or upper-middle class man.

Some Mothers Do 'Ave 'Em
Some Mothers Do 'Ave 'Em is a British sitcom broadcast on BBC1, created and written by Raymond Allen and starring Michael Crawford and Michele Dotrice. It was first broadcast in 1973 and ran for two series, including two Christmas specials in 1974 and 1975. After a three-year absence, the programme returned for a third series in 1978 and again in 2016 for a one-off special. The series regularly garnered 25 million viewers and was broadcast in 60 countries.

The series follows the maladroit Frank Spencer through his various attempts to get and keep a job, which frequently end in disaster. The sitcom was noted for its stunt work, performed by Crawford himself, and it featured several well-known and much-lampooned catchphrases that have become part of British popular culture. In the 2004 series Britain's Best Sitcom, Some Mothers Do 'Ave 'Em placed 22nd in the list of all British sitcoms.
Rugby, Cape Town
Rugby is a residential suburb in the Milnerton area outside Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa. According to the 2011 census, it has a population of 4,042 residents with 1,297 households. The suburb is bordered by Ysterplaat, Brooklyn, Tijgerhof and Paarden Eiland. Lagoon Beach lies to the west of Rugby.

Ysterplaat
Ysterplaat is a northern suburb of Cape Town, South Africa, around 10 km west-northwest of City Hall. It borders Paarden Eiland to the southwest, Brooklyn and Rugby to the west, Kensington to the south, and Century City to the northeast.

Ysterplaat, on the beach where Jan van Riebeeck landed on April 7, 1652, is well known for the local Air Force Base Ysterplaat. The base was used as the civilian Maitland Airfield as early as 1929, and officially changed its name from AFB Brooklyn to AFB Ysterplaat on April 1, 1949.

The Ysterplaat Reformed Church seceded on December 7, 1940, from its mother church, the Maitland Reformed Church, which then stretched to nearby Milnerton, Table View, and Bloubergstrand.
Richard Porta
Richard Aníbal Porta Candelaresi (born 1 August 1983) is a former professional footballer who played as a striker. He is a two-time golden boot winner, having won the award whilst at River Plate and most recently at Nacional in Uruguay's Primera División. Born in Australia, he represented the Uruguay U20 national team at international level. His nickname is "El Canguro", which means "The Kangaroo" in Spanish.

2010–11 Campeonato Uruguayo Primera División
The 2010–11 Liga Profesional de Primera División season, also known as the 2010–11 Copa Uruguaya or the 2010–11 Campeonato Uruguayo, was the 107th season of Uruguay's top-flight football league, and the 80th in which it was professional.

Nacional won their 43rd Primera División title after defeating Defensor Sporting in the season-ending final.
Jinlong station (Guangzhou Metro)
Jinlong Station (simplified Chinese: 锦龙站; traditional Chinese: 錦龍站; pinyin: Jǐnlóng Zhàn; Cantonese Yale: Gámlùhng Jaahm) is a station on Line 7 of Guangzhou Metro, located underground at the intersection of Fochen Avenue and Baichen Road in Foshan's Shunde District. The station was opened on 1 May 2022, with the opening of the western extension of Line 7.

Shunde, Guangdong
Shunde or Shun Tak (from Cantonese) is a district in the city of Foshan, Guangdong, located in the Pearl River Delta of China. It had a population of 2,464,784 as of the 2010 census. Once a traditional agricultural county, it has become one of the most affluent counties in Guangdong and mainland China. Since 2009, Shunde has been administered independently of Foshan city. It is directly accountable to the Guangdong provincial government.
Pitalito
Pitalito is a Colombian town and municipality located in southern Department of Huila, Colombia near the Magdalena River Valley, 188 km from Huila's capital, Neiva. It is located in the "The Valley of Laboyos" and is the second most populated municipality in the Department of Huila, with a population of 128,630. Pitalito is considered the largest producer of coffee in Colombia. Being at the epicenter of the coffee producing District of Bruselas, the town has become a notable coffee-growing area within Colombia. On several occasions, it has been awarded with the "Cup of Excellence", for producing the best coffee in the country.

The boundaries are Timaná, Elias and Saladoblanco to the North, Palestina to the south, Isnos and San Agustín to the west, and Acevedo to the east.

Isnos
Isnos is a town and municipality in the Huila Department, Colombia. This region was struck with a M7.3 earthquake on 30 September 2012. Isnos was recognized and declared by UNESCO in 1995 as a Cultural and Historical Heritage.
József Nagy (boxer, born 1975)
József Nagy (born 28 June 1975) is a Hungarian professional boxer who competed from 2003 to 2014 with a record of 31–15. At middleweight, he won the IBF International and interim WBA Inter-Continental titles. At super middleweight, he held the IBF Inter-continental title and as a cruiserweight he won the WBF (Foundation) title. As an amateur, he competed in the men's welterweight event at the 1996 Summer Olympics.

Cruiserweight (boxing)
Cruiserweight, also referred to as junior heavyweight, is a weight class in professional boxing between light heavyweight and heavyweight. Before the advent of the current cruiserweight class, "light heavyweight" and "cruiserweight" were sometimes used interchangeably in the United Kingdom.
Therizinosauria
Therizinosaurs (ⓘ; once called segnosaurs) are an extinct group of large herbivorous theropod dinosaurs whose fossils have been mainly discovered from Cretaceous deposits in Asia and North America. Potential fragmentary remains have also been found in Jurassic deposits of Asia and Europe. Various features of the forelimbs, skull and pelvis unite these finds as both theropods and maniraptorans, making them relatives of birds. The name of the representative genus, Therizinosaurus, is derived from the Greek θερίζω (therízō, 'to reap' or 'scythe') and σαῦρος (saûros, 'lizard'). The older representative, Segnosaurus, is derived from the Latin sēgnis ('slow') and the Greek σαῦρος.

Dong Zhiming
Dong Zhiming (Chinese: 董枝明; pinyin: Dǒng Zhīmíng; January 1937 – 20 October 2024) was a Chinese vertebrate paleontologist formerly employed at the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology (IVPP) in Beijing. He began working at the IVPP in 1962, studying under Yang Zhongjian, who was director at the time. He described fossil remains of many dinosaurs. He investigated and described the Shaximiao Formation; an important contribution to science since they are composed of Middle Jurassic beds which do not commonly yield fossils.
Râmnicu Vâlcea Municipal Stadium
45°6′11″N 24°21′8″E﻿ / ﻿45.10306°N 24.35222°E﻿ / 45.10306; 24.35222

The Râmnicu Vâlcea Municipal Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium primarily used for football (soccer) matches. It is situated in Râmnicu Vâlcea, Romania, near Zăvoi Park. With a capacity of 12,000 people, it serves as the home ground for SCM Râmnicu Vâlcea and Minerul Costești.

Additionally, it was formerly the home ground of the now-defunct team Chimia Râmnicu Vâlcea.

Râmnicu Vâlcea
Râmnicu Vâlcea (formerly Râmnic, Romanian pronunciation: [ˈrɨmniku ˈvɨlt͡ʃe̯a]) is a city in Romania. Located in the south-central part of the country, in the historical province of Oltenia, it is the seat of Vâlcea County and its main urban settlement. According to the 2021 Romanian census, it has a population of 93,151.
Nandlstadt
Nandlstadt (German pronunciation: [ˈnandl̩ˌʃtat]) is a municipality in the district of Freising in Bavaria in Germany. Nandlstadt is said to be the oldest hop-growing area in the world, having grown them since the year 860. The town lies in a triangle between Freising, Moosburg and Mainburg.

Freising (district)
Freising is a Landkreis (district) in Bavaria, Germany. Following a recent ranking of the German magazine Focus-Money comparing all German districts it is number one concerning economic growth abilities. It is bounded by (from the north and clockwise) the districts of Kelheim, Landshut, Erding, Munich, Dachau and Pfaffenhofen.
The district is located north of the Munich metropolitan area. The Isar and Amper rivers run in parallel from southwest to northeast. North of the rivers there is the Hallertau, a hilly region mainly used for growing hop.
Infront Sports & Media
Infront Sports & Media is a sports marketing and media company based in Zug, Switzerland with over 40 offices globally. The company handles the media and marketing rights for over 200 international sports events and federations and also provides sports services - such as advertising, betting rights, sponsorship, production and hospitality. It represents six out of seven Olympic winter sport federations, several summer sport organizations and manages media rights for the FIS World Cup and World Championship Events. It also represents the International Olympic Committee (IOC) for Archive Image Rights and several top football leagues. In addition it is the majority owner of several mass participation sports including Hyrox. Infront was created in late 2002 through the integration of CWL, Prisma and KirchSportAG.

World Triathlon Corporation
The World Triathlon Corporation (WTC) is a sports event promotion company owned by conglomerate Advance Publications, that produces the Ironman Triathlon, Ironman 70.3, the 5150 series of triathlon races, and other sports events.
Dongfeng eπ 007
The Dongfeng eπ 007 (pronounced 'e pi'; also known as Yipai 007 and Dongfeng Ace 007) is an extended range and battery electric full-size liftback sedan produced by Chinese automobile manufacturer Dongfeng Motor Corporation under the Dongfeng eπ (东风奕派) sub-brand. It is the first product of the eπ sub-brand, and was launched in March 2024. The batteries of the Dongfeng eπ 007 are supplied by the United Auto Battery System (UABS), a joint venture between SAIC and CATL.

Full-size car
Full-size car, also known as large car, is a vehicle size class which originated in the United States and is used for cars larger than mid-size cars. It is the largest size class for cars. In the United Kingdom, this class is referred to as the executive car, while in Europe, it is known as E-segment or F-segment.
Geography of Madagascar
Madagascar is a large island in the Indian Ocean located 400 kilometres (250 mi) off the eastern coast of Southern Africa, east of Mozambique. It has a total area of 587,040 square kilometres (226,660 sq mi) with 581,540 square kilometres (224,530 sq mi) of land and 6,900 square kilometres (2,700 sq mi) of water. Madagascar is the fourth-largest island in the world. The highest point is Maromokotro, in the Tsaratanana Massif region in the north of the island, at 2,876 metres (9,436 ft).

The Republic of Madagascar is the second-largest island country in the world at 587,040 square kilometres (226,660 sq mi). Its capital Antananarivo is in the Central Highlands near the centre of the island. It has the 25th largest exclusive economic zone of 1,225,259 km2 (473,075 mi2).

Central Highlands (Madagascar)
The Central Highlands, Central High Plateau, or Hautes-Terres are a mountainous biogeographical region in central Madagascar. They include the contiguous part of the island's interior above 800 m (2,600 ft) elevation. The Central Highlands are separated from the Northern Highlands of the northern tip of Madagascar by a low-lying valley, the Mandritsara Window, which has apparently acted as a barrier to dispersal for species in the highlands, leading to species pairs such as Voalavo gymnocaudus and Voalavo antsahabensis in the Northern and Central Highlands. Species restricted to the Central Highlands include the bats Miniopterus manavi and Miniopterus sororculus; the rodents Brachyuromys betsileoensis and Voalavo antsahabensis; the tenrecs Hemicentetes nigriceps and Oryzorictes tetradactylus; and the lemur Cheirogaleus sibreei. Because of the continuous habitat of the Central Highlands, there is little local endemism, unlike the Northern Highlands.
Rajab Ismoilov
Rajab Ismoilov (Russian: Раджаб Исмоилов; Tajik: Раҷаб Исмоилов, formerly Khojabaykul) is a jamoat in Tajikistan. It is part of the city of Vahdat in Districts of Republican Subordination. The jamoat has a total population of 19,185 (2015).

Vahdat
Vahdat (Tajik: Ваҳдат) is a city in western Tajikistan, on the bank of the Kofarnihon River, 21 km east of Dushanbe. It was previously called Yangi-Bozor (1927–1936), Orjonikidzeobod (1936–1993, after Grigoriy Ordzhonikidze) and Kofarnihon (1993–2006). The current name of Vahdat is a completely new name that was introduced in the 2000s as part of an official renaming of the settlement. Its population is estimated at 43,200 for the city proper and 342,700 for the city with the outlying communities (2020). Vahdat was the focus on international attention in 2019 when a riot occurred in the city's prison, believed to be instigated by members of Islamic State, which led to the deaths of three guards and 29 inmates.
Rules of passage
In mathematical logic, the rules of passage govern how quantifiers distribute over the basic logical connectives of first-order logic.  The rules of passage govern the "passage" (translation) from any formula of first-order logic to the equivalent formula in prenex normal form, and vice versa.

Logical equivalence
In logic and mathematics, statements  and  are said to be logically equivalent if they have the same truth value in every model. The logical equivalence of  and  is sometimes expressed as , , , or , depending on the notation being used.
However, these symbols are also used for material equivalence, so proper interpretation would depend on the context. Logical equivalence is different from material equivalence, although the two concepts are intrinsically related.