hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Yazyurdu, Nusaybin
Yazyurdu (Kurdish: Qesra Belek) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Nusaybin, Mardin Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Harunan tribe and had a population of 228 in 2021.

Mardin Province
Mardin Province (Turkish: Mardin ili; Kurdish: Parêzgeha Mêrdîn; Arabic: محافظة ماردين; Classical Syriac: ܡܪܕܝܢ ܗܘܦܪܟܝܐ) is a province and metropolitan municipality in Turkey. Its area is 8,780 km2, and its population is 870,374 (2022). The largest city in the province is Kızıltepe, while the capital Mardin is the second largest city.
Damped wave (radio transmission)
A damped wave was an early method of radio transmission produced by the first radio transmitters (spark gap transmitters) which consisted of a series of damped radio waves.  Information was carried on this signal by telegraphy, turning the transmitter on and off (on-off keying) to send messages in Morse code. Damped waves were the first practical means of radio communication, used during the early days of wireless telegraphy before more efficient continuous wave transmitters replaced it over the course of the 1920s.

Such transmissions have a wide bandwidth and generate electrical "noise" (electromagnetic interference) which interferes with other radio transmissions. Because of their potential to cause interference and their resulting wasteful use of radio spectrum resources, the use of damped wave transmission has been prohibited by international regulations since 1934.

Electromagnetic interference
Electromagnetic interference (EMI), also called radio-frequency interference (RFI) when in the radio frequency spectrum, is a disturbance generated by an external source that affects an electrical circuit by electromagnetic induction, electrostatic coupling, or conduction. The disturbance may degrade the performance of the circuit or even stop it from functioning. In the case of a data path, these effects can range from an increase in error rate to a total loss of the data.

Both human-made and natural sources generate changing electrical currents and voltages that can cause EMI: ignition systems, cellular network of mobile phones, lightning, solar flares, and auroras (northern/southern lights). EMI frequently affects AM radios. It can also affect mobile phones, FM radios, and televisions, as well as observations for radio astronomy and atmospheric science.

EMI can be used intentionally for radio jamming, as in electronic warfare.
West Liberty Community School District
The West Liberty Community School District is a rural public school district headquartered in West Liberty, Iowa.

The district is mostly in Muscatine County, with smaller portions in Cedar County and Johnson County.  The district serves the city of West Liberty, and the surrounding rural areas, including the towns of Atalissa and Nichols.

Mr. Shaun Kruger was hired as superintendent in 2021.

Cedar County, Iowa
Cedar County is a county located in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2020 census, the population was 18,505. Its county seat is Tipton. The county is named for the Cedar River, which runs through the county.

Cedar County is located between the Cedar Rapids, Quad Cities, and Iowa City metropolitan areas, also known as the "Tri-Metro" county. It is the only Iowa county that shares its name with a tree.
Pipiwai
Pipiwai (Māori: Pīpīwai) is a locality in the Te Horo valley in Northland, New Zealand. Whangārei is about 35 km to the southeast. Titoki is about 16 km to the south.

There are few jobs in the area, and most adults commute to Whangārei or Dargaville.

Northland Region
Northland (Māori: Te Tai Tokerau), officially the Northland Region, is the northernmost of New Zealand's 16 local government regions. The region is known for its warm weather. The major population centre is the city of Whangārei, and the largest town is Kerikeri. At the 2018 New Zealand census, Northland recorded a population growth spurt of 18.1% since the previous 2013 census, placing it as the fastest growing region in New Zealand, ahead of other strong growth regions such as the Bay of Plenty Region (2nd with 15%) and Waikato (3rd with 13.5%).
Clipsham Old Quarry and Pickworth Great Wood
Clipsham Old Quarry and Pickworth Great Wood is a 111.2-hectare (275-acre) biological and geological Site of Special Scientific Interest in Rutland. It lies southeast of Clipsham and north of Pickworth. Clipsham Old Quarry is a Geological Conservation Review site, and Pickworth Great Wood is owned by the Forestry Commission.

Pickworth Great Wood is one of the largest deciduous woods in the county, with diverse breeding birds and over 150 species of moth. Clipsham Old Quarry has dense hawthorn scrub and limestone grassland with a variety of lime-loving herbs such as dwarf thistle and yellow-wort. The quarry exposes rocks of the Bajocian Middle and Upper Lincolnshire Limestone around 170 million years ago.

There is public access to Pickworth Great Wood, but not to Clipsham Old Quarry.

Bajocian
In the geologic timescale, the Bajocian is an age and stage in the Middle Jurassic. It lasted from approximately 170.9 ± 0.8 Ma to around 168.2 ± 1.2 Ma (million years ago). The Bajocian Age succeeds the Aalenian Age and precedes the Bathonian Age.
2003 WGC-Accenture Match Play Championship
The 2003 WGC-Accenture Match Play Championship was a golf tournament that was played from February 26 to March 2, 2003 at La Costa Resort and Spa in Carlsbad, California. It was the fifth WGC-Accenture Match Play Championship and the first of four World Golf Championships events held in 2003.

Tiger Woods won his sixth World Golf Championships event, and his first ever match play victory, by defeating David Toms 2 and 1 in the 36 hole final.

David Toms
David Wayne Toms (born January 4, 1967) is an American professional golfer who currently plays on the PGA Tour Champions. From 1992 to 2017, Toms was a member of the PGA Tour, where he won 13 events, including one major, the 2001 PGA Championship. He was in the top 10 of the Official World Golf Ranking for 175 weeks between 2001 and 2006, and ranked as high as fifth in 2002 and 2003.
Yellow-throated laughingthrush
The yellow-throated laughingthrush (Pterorhinus galbanus) is a species of bird in the family Leiothrichidae. It is found in grassy areas with bushes and trees, scrub and forest in the Patkai mountain range. Until recently, it included the blue-crowned laughingthrush as a subspecies, but unlike that species the crown of the yellow-throated laughingthrush is pale grey (not bluish).

The yellow-throated laughingthrush was formerly placed in the genus Garrulax but following the publication of a comprehensive molecular phylogenetic study in 2018, it was moved to the resurrected genus Pterorhinus.

Laughingthrush
The laughingthrushes are a family, Leiothrichidae, of Old World passerine birds. The family contains 143 species and is divided into 17 genera. The species are diverse in size and coloration. These are birds of tropical areas, with the greatest variety in Southeast Asia and the Indian subcontinent.  The entire family used to be included in the Old World babbler family Timaliidae.
Vaginal trauma
Vaginal trauma is injury to the vagina. It can happen during childbirth, sexual assault, and accidental occurrences.

In adults, the vagina is largely protected from trauma due to the protective function of the mons pubis and labia majora. This protection is lacking in girls who lack a protective fat layer to protect the vagina. Vaginal trauma can occur when something is inserted into the vagina, for example, a sharp object causing penetrating trauma. Vaginal trauma can occur as a result of a painful sexual experience or sexual abuse. Vaginal trauma can occur in children as a result of a straddle injury. Most of these, though distressing, are not serious injuries.

In some instances, a severe injury occurs and requires immediate medical attention, especially if the bleeding will not stop. Vaginal trauma also occurs during an episiotomy and vaginal childbirth. Avoiding vaginal injuries during childbirth will help to prevent depression, hospital readmissions, and perineal pain.

Episiotomy
Episiotomy, also known as perineotomy, is a surgical incision of the perineum and the posterior vaginal wall generally done by an obstetrician. This is usually performed during the second stage of labor to quickly enlarge the aperture, allowing the baby to pass through. The incision, which can be done from the posterior midline of the vulva straight toward the anus or at an angle to the right or left (medio-lateral episiotomy), is performed under local anesthetic (pudendal anesthesia), and is sutured after delivery.

Its routine use is no longer recommended, as perineal massage applied to the vaginal opening is an alternative to enlarge the orifice for the baby. It was once one of the most common surgical procedures specific to women. In the United States, as of 2012, it was performed in 12% of vaginal births. It is also widely practiced in many other parts of the world, including Korea, Japan, Taiwan, China, and Spain in the early 2000s.
347aidan
Aidan Fuller (born June 8, 2003), known professionally as 347aidan, is a Canadian rapper and singer-songwriter from Cambridge, Ontario. Aidan went to Southwood Secondary School. He is most noted as a two-time Juno Award nominee at the Juno Awards of 2022, receiving nods for Breakthrough Artist of the Year and Fan Choice.

Juno Fan Choice Award
The Juno Fan Choice Award is an annual Juno Award presented since 2003 by the Canadian Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences (CARAS) to the favourite artist or group of the year as voted by Canadian music fans. This is the only award that the winner is chosen by the fans. The nominees in the category are determined by sales, and the winner is chosen from among these nominees by an online vote open to the general public. From 2003 to 2011, the list of nominees was limited to five artists or groups, but it was expanded to ten in 2012.
Julie Mason
Julie Mason (born December 11, 1966) is an American journalist and the host of "The Julie Mason Show" on SiriusXM radio's POTUS channel. Previously, she hosted "Julie Mason Mornings" and "The Press Pool" on POTUS.

Washington Examiner
The Washington Examiner is an American conservative news magazine based in Washington, D.C., consisting of a website and a weekly printed magazine. It is owned by billionaire businessman Philip Anschutz through MediaDC, a subsidiary of Clarity Media Group.

From 2005 to 2013, the Examiner was published as a daily tabloid-sized newspaper, distributed throughout the Washington, D.C. metro area. The newspaper focused primarily on local news and political commentary. The local newspaper ceased publication in June 2013, whereupon its content began to focus almost exclusively on national politics from a conservative point of view. The Examiner switched its print edition from a daily newspaper to an expanded print weekly magazine format.
2023–24 Sacred Heart Pioneers men's ice hockey season
The 2023–24 Sacred Heart Pioneers men's ice hockey season was the 31st season of play for the program, the 26th at the Division I level and the 21st in Atlantic Hockey. The Pioneers represented Sacred Heart University, played their home games at the Martire Family Arena and were coached by C. J. Marottolo in his 15th season.

2023–24 Atlantic Hockey season
The 2023–24 Atlantic Hockey season was the 21st season of play for the Atlantic Hockey Association and took place during the 2023–24 NCAA Division I men's ice hockey season. The season began on October 7, 2023, and concluded on March 28, 2024, with RIT losing in the West Regional Semifinal of the NCAA tournament.

This was the final season for the Atlantic Hockey Association. Shortly after the season, the Association and the women-only College Hockey America finalized their previously announced merger, establishing Atlantic Hockey America.
John Purdue (cricketer)
John William Purdue (13 June 1910 – 25 January 1985) was a New Zealand sportsman. He played two first-class matches for Otago during the 1938–39 season and played rugby union for Southland.

Purdue was born at Invercargill in Southland in 1910. He played cricket for Southland in the Hawke Cup during 1934–35 and played for the provincial side against the touring England team during the following season. His first-class debut came for Otago against Wellington at Christmas 1938. Opening the bowling, Purdue took a single wicket in the match. During the New Year period he played his other first-class match, taking two wickets against Auckland.

As a rugby player, Purdue played as a half-back for Invercargill and played over 50 provincial matches for Southland. He played for South Island and was nominated for an All Black trial during the 1939 season.

Professionally Purdue worked as a cabinetmaker. He died at Invercargill in 1985 aged 74.

Rugby Southland
Rugby Southland (formerly the Southland Rugby Football Union) is the provincial rugby union who govern the Southland region of New Zealand. Their headquarters are at Rugby Park Stadium in Invercargill, which is also the home ground of the union's professional team, the Southland Stags who compete in the Mitre 10 Cup Championship Division and challenge for the Ranfurly Shield.

Despite their proud history, no Southland team has ever won the top division of the New Zealand National Provincial Championship since organised competition began in 1976. However, they have won the NPC second division title five times and held the Ranfurly Shield eight times, most recently in 2025 when they beat Waikato 25-10. Southland also plays for the Donald Stuart Memorial Shield against rivals Otago in what is the longest tenured provincial rivalry in New Zealand first-class rugby with close to 250 matches.
SANRAL
SANRAL (officially the South African National Roads Agency SOC Ltd) is a South African parastatal responsible for the management, maintenance, and development of South Africa's national road network.

The network includes many of the country's National ("N") roadways, as well as some of its Provincial and Regional ("R") ones.

SANRAL reports to the Department of Transport, headed by the Minister of Transport. SANRAL works alongside similar agencies, such as PRASA, ACSA, and the RTMC.

Road Traffic Management Corporation
The Road Traffic Management Corporation (RTMC) is the government agency tasked with overseeing road safety in South Africa. It is one of the agencies managed by the Department of Transport, which is headed by the Transport Minister.

South Africa has a vast, developed road network (the most developed in Africa), and the RTMC works alongside other transport agencies to ensure its continued functionality and ability to adequately serve the country's residents.

The RTMC is a member of the United Nations Road Safety Collaboration, an informal consultative mechanism of the United Nations, whose members are committed to road safety efforts.
Mari Leinan Lund
Mari Leinan Lund (born 28 May 1999) is a Norwegian nordic combined skier who represents Tolga IL. She took the silver medal in women's nordic combined at the inaugural World Championship race, individual normal hill/5 km, at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2021.

Her younger sister Marte Leinan Lund is also a nordic combined skier.

Nordic combined
Nordic combined is a winter sport in which athletes compete in cross-country skiing and ski jumping. The Nordic combined at the Winter Olympics has been held since the first Winter Olympics in 1924, while the FIS Nordic Combined World Cup has been held since 1983. Many Nordic combined competitions use the Gundersen method, where placement in the ski jumping segment results in time (dis)advantages added to the contestant's total in the cross-country skiing segment (e.g. the ski jumping winner starts the cross-country skiing race at 00:00:00 while the one with the lowest jumping score starts with the longest time penalty).
Sulfonyl halide
In chemistry, a sulfonyl halide consists of a sulfonyl (>S(=O)2) group singly bonded to a halogen atom. They have the general formula RSO2X, where X is a halogen. The stability of sulfonyl halides decreases in the order fluorides > chlorides > bromides > iodides, all four types being well known.  The sulfonyl chlorides and fluorides are of dominant importance in this series.

Sulfonyl halides have tetrahedral sulfur centres attached to two oxygen atoms, an organic radical, and a halide. In a representative example, methanesulfonyl chloride, the S=O, S−C, and S−Cl bond distances are respectively 142.4, 176.3, and 204.6 pm.

Fluoride
Fluoride (/ˈflʊəraɪd, ˈflɔːr-/) is an inorganic, monatomic anion of fluorine, with the chemical formula F− (also written [F]−), whose salts are typically white or colorless. Fluoride salts typically have distinctive bitter tastes and are odorless. Its salts and minerals are important chemical reagents and industrial chemicals, mainly used in the production of hydrogen fluoride for fluorocarbons. Fluoride is classified as a weak base, since it only partially associates in solution, but concentrated fluoride is corrosive and can attack the skin.

Fluoride is the simplest fluorine anion. In terms of charge and size, the fluoride ion resembles the hydroxide ion. Fluoride ions occur on Earth in several minerals, particularly fluorite, but are present only in trace quantities in bodies of water in nature.
Orzeł Futsal Jelcz-Laskowice
KS Orzeł Futsal Jelcz-Laskowice is a Polish futsal club based in Jelcz-Laskowice. Founded through an initiative of futsal fans from the Wrocław area, the club competed in the Ekstraklasa (futsal), the top tier of Polish futsal, from 2018 to 2021.

For the 2015–16 season, after Antonio Hotel became the club's titutal sponsor, the club was renamed to "KS Antonio Orzeł Futsal Jelcz-Laskowice".

Following the conclusion of the 2020–21 campaign, Orzeł withdrew from the Ekstraklasa due to financial issues, and has since focused on operating youth teams.

Ekstraklasa (futsal)
Futsal Ekstraklasa, officially known as Fogo Futsal Ekstraklasa due to its sponsorship by Fogo, is the top men's futsal league in Poland. It was founded on 6 November 1994. Organized by the Futsal Ekstraklasa Sp. z o.o. and is played under UEFA and FIFA rules, the league currently consists of 16 teams.
Muhammad Ali dynasty family tree
The Muhammad Ali dynasty ruled Egypt without interruption from Muhammad Ali's seizure of power in 1805 until the proclamation of the Republic in 1953. Eleven individuals (all of them men) ruled Egypt during the dynasty's 148-year lifespan. Due to the polygamous unions of several 19th-century rulers and their often numerous offspring, it is impossible to list all of the descendants of Muhammad Ali Pasha in a single chart. The family tree below is far from exhaustive; its mere aim is to show the family relationships between the dynasty's eleven rulers as well as its two regents.

Egyptian civil war
A three-way civil war between the Ottoman Empire, Mamluks who had ruled Egypt for centuries, and Albanian bashi-bazouk mercenaries in Ottoman service, took place in Ottoman Egypt from 1803 to 1807. The conflict ended in victory for the Muhammad Ali, an Albanian bashi-bazouk commander. The struggle occurred following the French invasion of Egypt by Napoleon. After the French were defeated, a power vacuum was created in Egypt. The Mamluks had governed Egypt before the French invasion and still retained power in the region. However, Egypt was officially a part of the Ottoman Empire and many Ottoman troops who had been sent to evict the French were still present.
Cushing, Oklahoma
Cushing (Meskwaki: Koshineki, Iowa-Oto: Amína P^óp^oye Chína, meaning: "Soft-seat town") is a city in Payne County, Oklahoma, United States. As of the 2020 census, Cushing had a population of 8,327. Cushing was established after the Land Run of 1891 by William "Billy Rae" Little. It was named for Marshall Cushing, private secretary to U.S. Postmaster General John Wanamaker.

A 1912 oil boom led to the city's development as a refining center, with over 50 refineries operating in Cushing over its history.  Today, Cushing is a major trading hub for crude oil and a price settlement point for West Texas Intermediate on the New York Mercantile Exchange and is known as the "Pipeline Crossroads of the World."

Fox language
Fox (known by a variety of different names, including Mesquakie (Meskwaki), Mesquakie-Sauk, Mesquakie-Sauk-Kickapoo, Sauk-Fox, and Sac and Fox) is an Algonquian language, spoken by a thousand Meskwaki, Sauk, and Kickapoo in various locations in the Midwestern United States and in northern Mexico.
Jan-Erik Lundqvist
Jan-Erik Lundqvist (born 14 April 1937) is a Swedish former international tennis player. During the entire 1960s he was Sweden's best tennis player.

At the height of his career, he won at least 35 international titles and played 91 Davis Cup-matches from 1957 to 1970.

Lundqvist was ranked among the 10 best amateur players (rankings made by leading tennis journalist Lance Tingay at the Daily Telegraph) in the world during most of the 1960s, reaching as high as world No. 3 in 1964.

Lundqvist declined professional offers from Jack Kramer in 1960 and 1965.

Lance Tingay
Lance Tingay (15 July 1915 – 10 March 1990) was a British sports journalist, historian, and author of several tennis books. For many years his annual ranking of top tennis players was "the only one that counted" before ATP rankings were introduced in 1973.
Chapelle (surname)
Chapelle or LaChapelle is a French surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Corinne Chapelle (1976–2021), French American violinist

David LaChapelle (born 1963), photographer and director

Dickey Chapelle (1918–1965), photojournalist and war correspondent

Dolores LaChapelle (1926–2007), deep ecologist

Edward LaChapelle (1926–2007), avalanche forecaster, mountaineer, skier, author, and professor

Jean de La Chapelle (1651–1723), French writer and dramatist

Howard I. Chapelle (1901–1975), maritime historian

Marie-Louise Lachapelle (1769–1821), pioneering French midwife

Jean de La Chapelle
Jean de La Chapelle (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ də la ʃapɛl]; 24 October 1651 – 29 May 1723) was a French writer and dramatist. He was born at Bourges, Berry (province), France, was elected to the Académie française in 1688, and died in Paris.
Al-Qahirah, Hama
Al-Qahirah, Hama (Arabic: القاهرة al-qāhirah) is a Syrian village located in Qalaat al-Madiq Subdistrict in Al-Suqaylabiyah District, Hama. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), the village had a population of 708 in the 2004 census.

As of 25 April 2025, the village had a population of 1,184.

Qalaat al-Madiq Subdistrict
Qalaat al-Madiq Subdistrict (Arabic: ناحية قلعة المضيق)  is a Syrian nahiyah (subdistrict) located in al-Suqaylabiyah District in Hama.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Qalaat al-Madiq Subdistrict had a population of 85,597 in the 2004 census.
Matsuyama Airport
Matsuyama Airport (松山空港, Matsuyama kūkō) (IATA: MYJ, ICAO: RJOM) is an airport located 3 NM (5.6 km; 3.5 mi) west-southwest of the center of Matsuyama, Ehime Prefecture, Japan.
The airport was built on the coastline facing the Seto Inland Sea. In 2018, the airport had approximately 3.2 million passengers and was the busiest in the Chugoku-Shikoku region, surpassing Hiroshima Airport.

Chūgoku region
The Chūgoku region (Japanese: 中国地方, Hepburn: Chūgoku-chihō; [tɕɯꜜː.ɡo.kɯ, -ŋo.kɯ, tɕɯː.ɡo.kɯ̥ tɕiꜜ.hoː, -ŋo.kɯ̥-]), also known as the San'in-San'yō (山陰山陽地方, San'in-San'yō-chihō) region, is the westernmost region of Honshū, the largest island of Japan. It consists of the prefectures of Hiroshima, Okayama, Shimane, Tottori and Yamaguchi. As of the 2020 census, it has a population of 7,328,339.