hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Codex Arundel
Codex Arundel (British Library Arundel MS 263) is a bound collection of pages of notes written by Leonardo da Vinci and dating mostly from between 1480 and 1518. The codex contains a number of treatises on a variety of subjects, including mechanics and geometry. The name of the codex came from the Earl of Arundel, who acquired it in Spain in the 1630s. It forms part of the British Library Arundel Manuscripts.

Earl of Arundel
Earl of Arundel is a title of nobility in England, and one of the oldest extant in the English peerage. It is currently held by the Duke of Norfolk, and it is used (along with the earldom of Surrey) by his heir apparent as a courtesy title.
Laurence Helfer
Laurence R. Helfer (born 1965) is an American lawyer.

Helfer graduated from Yale University before pursuing legal studies at the New York University School of Law. He also completed a master's in public administration from Princeton University. Helfer clerked for Dolores Sloviter and practiced law at Rabinowitz, Boudin, Standard, Krinksy & Lieberman, a firm in New York. He has taught at the University of Toronto Faculty of Law, the University of Chicago Law School, Harvard Law School, Loyola Law School, Princeton University, and Vanderbilt University Law School. From 2009, Helfer has taught at Duke University School of Law as Harry R. Chadwick, Sr. Distinguished Professor of Law.

In 2022, Helfer was elected to serve on the UN Human Rights Committee as the representative for the United States until 2026.

New York University School of Law
40°43′49″N 73°59′58″W﻿ / ﻿40.73028°N 73.99944°W﻿ / 40.73028; -73.99944

The New York University School of Law (NYU Law) is the law school of New York University, a private research university in New York City.

Established in 1835, it was the first law school established in New York City and is the oldest extant law school in New York State and one of the oldest law schools in the United States. Located in Greenwich Village in Lower Manhattan, NYU Law grants J.D., LL.M., and J.S.D. degrees.

As of 2025, NYU Law's first-time bar passage rate is 96.6 percent, with an ultimate bar passage rate of 99.2 percent.
Canadian Academy
Canadian Academy (Japanese: カネディアン・アカデミイ, Hepburn: Kanedian Akademii), also known as CA, is an independent pre-K–12 international school in Kobe, Japan which was founded in 1913. The not-for-profit day and boarding school consists of an elementary school, middle school, and high school all located on the campus on Rokkō Island, a man-made island. The school is approved by the Japanese Ministry of Education and accredited by the U.S. based Western Association of Schools and Colleges (WASC) and the Council of International Schools (CIS). The school is certified to award both the International Baccalaureate (IB) and U.S. high school diplomas.

Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (文部科学省, Monbu-kagaku-shō; lit. 'Ministry of Letters and Science'; MEXT) is one of the eleven ministries of Japan that compose part of the executive branch of the government of Japan.
Oud Herlaer
Oud Herlaer was a castle on the Dommel just east of Vught. All that remains is a farm which incorporates parts of the old castle. While not that much remains of the castle, there are a lot of recent studies about Oud Herlaer and its owners. The farm is planned to be opened as an art center in 2021. The name Oud Herlaer, (oud means 'old'), signifies that later on Nieuw-Herlaer Castle was built about 1 kilometer upstream.

Dommel
The Dommel is a small river in Belgium and the Netherlands, left tributary of the Dieze. It is 120 km long, of which 85 km are in the Netherlands. The Dommel takes in water from the Keersop, Tongelreep, Run, Gender and Kleine Dommel streams and merges at 's-Hertogenbosch with the Aa stream to form the river Dieze, which subsequently flows towards the Meuse. The main cities and towns along the Dommel's course are Peer, Neerpelt, Valkenswaard, Dommelen, Eindhoven, Son en Breugel, Sint-Oedenrode, Boxtel, Sint-Michielsgestel and 's-Hertogenbosch.
Huntersville Colored High School
Huntersville Colored High School, also known as Torrence-Lytle High School, is a historic high school complex located at Huntersville, Mecklenburg County, North Carolina. The main building is a variegated red brick, Colonial Revival main block built in 1937 with two-story International Style wings constructed in 1957. The original section was built under the auspices of the Public Works Administration.  Also on the property is the elementary school building built in 1953 and a gymnasium built in 1957.  The elementary school is a long, one-story, rectangular, red brick building. The complex continued to function as a public school until 1966.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.

Huntersville, North Carolina
Huntersville is a suburban town in northern Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, United States. As of the 2020 census, its population was 61,376, making Huntersville the 15th-most populous municipality in North Carolina. It is located in the Charlotte metropolitan area and is 14 mi (23 km) north of Charlotte.
Chicopee Ski Club
Chicopee Ski & Summer Resort (formerly "Chicopee Ski Club") is a winter and summer recreation club in Kitchener, Ontario, Canada, founded December 29, 1934 (1934-12-29), as a not-for-profit organisation on 165 acres (0.67 km2).

The Chicopee ski hill has a maximum vertical drop of 200 ft (61 m). There is an average annual snowfall of 133 centimetres (52 in). Winter sports include alpine skiing, snowboarding and a tubing park.

Summer activities include tennis, volleyball, high and low ropes courses, a 30 feet (9.1 m) rock-climbing wall, an 18-hole disc golf course (opened May 2009), mountain bike trails and a BMX course / PINES Bridge Park.

Chicopee also offers extensive summer and winter camp programs, as well as corporate retreats with teambuilding exercises.

BMX
BMX, an abbreviation for bicycle motocross or bike motocross, is a cycle sport performed on BMX bikes, either in competitive BMX racing or freestyle BMX, or else in general street or off-road recreation.
Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Original Song
The Razzie Award for Worst Original Song was an award presented at the annual Golden Raspberry Awards for the worst song written for a film in the previous year. The following is a list of recipients and nominees of that award, along with the film for which they were nominated.

This category was awarded annually from the Razzies' inception until 1999, and retired after a one-time revival for the 2002 ceremony.

John Taylor (bass guitarist)
Nigel John Taylor (born 20 June 1960) is a British musician who is best known as the bass guitarist for new wave band Duran Duran, of which he was a founding member. Duran Duran was one of the most popular bands in the world during the 1980s due in part to their music videos which played in heavy rotation in the early days of MTV. Taylor played with Duran Duran from its founding in 1978 until 1997, when he left to pursue a solo recording and film career. He recorded a dozen solo releases (albums, EPs, and video projects) through his private record label B5 Records over the next four years, had a lead role in the movie Sugar Town, and made appearances in a half dozen other film projects. He rejoined Duran Duran for a reunion of the original five members in 2001 and has remained with the group since.

Taylor was also a member of two supergroups: the Power Station and Neurotic Outsiders.
Mahina, Mali
Mahina  is a small town and commune in the Cercle of Bafoulabé in the Kayes Region of south-western Mali. The commune includes 24 small villages of which the largest are Mahina, Diallola, Sékodounga and Niakalinssiraya. In the 2009 census the commune had a population of 26,754.

The Dakar-Niger Railway has a station at Mahina and the railroad crosses the Bafing River over a bridge built in 1895. The bridge was repaired in 2022.

Dakar–Niger Railway
The Dakar–Niger Railway (French: Chemin de fer Dakar-Niger) connects Dakar, Senegal to Koulikoro, Mali. The name refers to the Niger River, not the Republic of Niger. It serves many cities in Senegal, including Thiès, and in Mali, including Kayes, Kita, Kati, Bamako. The line covers a course of 1,287 km of which 641 km lies in Mali.

There have been no international passenger trains in operation since 2010. A scheduled passenger service between Kayes and Bamoko (both in Mali) restarted in 2023.
Oklahoma Open Meeting Act
The Oklahoma Open Meeting Act (25 O.S. Sections 301–314) is an Oklahoma state law that requires that all meetings of public bodies (state and local boards and commissions) must be open to the public and that the public must be given advance public notice of such meetings. Such notice must include the specific time, place, and purpose of the meeting. Together with the Oklahoma Open Records Act, the Act serves to encourage the public to participate in and understand the governmental processes and governmental problems throughout the State.

The Oklahoma Open Meeting Act was signed into law by Governor David L. Boren on June 1, 1977.

David Boren
David Lyle Boren (April 21, 1941 – February 20, 2025) was an American lawyer and politician from Oklahoma. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as the 21st governor of Oklahoma from 1975 to 1979 and three terms in the United States Senate from 1979 to 1994. A conservative Democrat, to date, he is the last in his party to have served as U.S. Senator from Oklahoma. He was the 13th and second-longest serving president of the University of Oklahoma from 1994 to 2018. He was the longest serving chairman of the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence. On September 20, 2017, Boren officially announced his retirement as president of the University of Oklahoma, effective June 30, 2018.
Leuthari II
Leutharis, Leuthari, Leuthard, or Leutharius II (fl. c. 643) was the Duke of Alamannia in the early seventh century.

Leuthari murdered Otto, the mayor of the palace of Austrasia, in 643. By doing so he made Grimoald I the mayor of the palace for Sigebert III. It is not known exactly what the duchy of Leuthari consisted of, since there was an Alamannic duke named Gunzo from the same time. Perhaps they co-ruled the same territory, or perhaps there were two Alamannic duchies. The duchy of Alsace under Gundoin was also partly Alamannic.

Sigebert III
Sigebert III (c. 630–656) was the Merovingian king of Austrasia from 633 to his death around 656. He was described as the first Merovingian roi fainéant, or "do-nothing king", with the mayor of the palace in fact ruling the kingdom throughout his reign. Nevertheless, Sigebert lived a pious Christian life and was later sanctified, being remembered as Saint Sigebert of Austrasia in the Roman Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox Church.
Deaths in July 1998
The following is a list of notable deaths in July 1998.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent country of citizenship (if applicable), reason for notability, cause of death (if known), and reference.

Muzz Patrick
Frederick Murray "Muzz" Patrick (June 28, 1915 – July 27, 1998) was a Canadian ice hockey player, coach, and general manager. He played in the National Hockey League with the New York Rangers from 1938 to 1941, and then from 1945 to 1946. He was general manager of the Rangers from 1955 to 1964, serving as coach on three separate occasions during that time. As a player Patrick won the Stanley Cup with the Rangers in 1940. He was part of the Patrick family, which had a long association with hockey: his father Lester had previously worked as the Rangers coach and manager, among other roles; his uncle Frank had founded the Pacific Coast Hockey Association with Lester; and Muzz's brother Lynn had played on the Rangers with him and later coached and managed the Boston Bruins.
Operation Star (Laos)
Operation Star was a highly classified military intelligence gathering program set up in late 1965 by the Royal Thai Government during the Vietnam War. It was co-located with the American Central Intelligence Agency's Operation Hardnose at Camp Siberia 26 kilometers northeast of Savannakhet, Laos. The operation was founded although American intelligence sources in the area already shared their results with the Thais. Royal Thai Special Forces assigned as instructors to Operation Hardnose were utilized as reconnaissance teams. In early 1967, the CIA eventually severed the Thai intelligence operation from the instructional duties for Lao irregular military troops.

Annamite Range
The Annamite Range (Lao: ພູ ຫລວງ, romanized: Phū Lūang; Vietnamese: Dãy Trường Sơn, IPA: [zǎˀj ʈʂɯə̀n ʂɤ̄n]) is a major mountain range of Mainland Southeast Asia, extending approximately 1,100 km (680 mi) through Laos, Vietnam, and a small area in northeast Cambodia.
Nigerian senators of the 6th National Assembly
The table below lists Nigerian senators of the 6th National Assembly.
The 6th National Assembly (2007–2011) was inaugurated on 5 June 2007. 
The Senate includes three senators from each of the 36 states, plus one minister for the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja.
Of the 109 Senators, 26 were re-elected while 83 were elected for the first time.
David Mark was appointed president of the Senate and Ike Ekweremadu deputy president.

David Mark
David Alechenu Bonaventure Mark GCON (listenⓘ; born 8 April 1948) is a retired Nigerian army brigadier general and politician. He served as the 12th president of the Nigerian Senate from 2007 to 2015 and was the Senator for Benue South senatorial district from 1999 to 2019. He is the interim National Chairman of the African Democratic Congress (ADC) which he joined after his resignation from the PDP in 2025. Prior to his senatorial career, Mark was the military Governor of Niger State from 1984 to 1986, and is a one-time minister of communication. He is the longest serving president of the Nigerian Senate.
Charango (album)
Charango is the fourth studio album by English electronic music group Morcheeba, released in the first week of July 2002 through Warner Bros. Records. It also appeared as a limited edition 2-CD version with a second CD containing instrumental versions of all the tracks. The album included a number of guest-appearances ranging from the Lambchop singer Kurt Wagner, rapper Slick Rick, singer Miriam Stockley and bass guitar player Pino Palladino. The album became one of the most successful ones for the band, reaching the top ten in the UK charts.

The Japanese version includes a bonus track, "I'd Rather Kill Us (Than Watch You Leave)", also present on the "Way Beyond" single.

Pino Palladino
Giuseppe Henry "Pino" Palladino (born 17 October 1957) is a Welsh musician, songwriter, and record producer. A session bassist, he has played bass for a number of acts such as the Who, the John Mayer Trio, Gary Numan, Paul Young, Don Henley, David Gilmour, Go West, Tears for Fears, Nine Inch Nails, Jeff Beck, Adele and D'Angelo.
ChungYuet Royal Landmark
The ChungYuet Royal Landmark (Chinese: 中悅一品; pinyin: Zhōng yuè yīpǐn) is a residential skyscraper complex located in Taoyuan District, Taoyuan, Taiwan. The complex comprises three skyscraper buildings completed in 2012, with a total floor area of 118,857.63 m2 (1,279,372.9 sq ft) and a height of 153 m (502 ft) that comprise 38 floors above ground, as well as 4 basement levels. The complex contains 229 apartment units.

As of December 2020, they are the tallest buildings in Taoyuan, and 54th tallest in Taiwan.

Residential area
A residential area is a land used in which housing predominates, as opposed to industrial and commercial areas.

Housing may vary significantly between, and through, residential areas. These include single-family housing, multi-family residential, or mobile homes. Zoning for residential use may permit some services or work opportunities or may totally exclude business and industry. It may permit high density land use or only permit low density uses.  Residential zoning usually includes a smaller FAR (floor area ratio) than business, commercial or industrial/manufacturing zoning. The area may be large or small.
Digital Versatile Doom
Digital Versatile Doom: Live at the Orpheum Theatre XXXVII A.S. is a live double album by Finnish rock band HIM. The DVD was directed by Meiert Avis in Los Angeles at the Orpheum Theater between 14 and 15 November 2007. The DVD features the live performance, as well as behind the scenes look at the show. Also featured on the DVD is the winner of HIM's biggest fans competition go to Seattle, Washington, to meet the band. A special edition was available for pre-order on 1 February 2008, which comes with a limited edition 6" X 4" hand-numbered flipbook limited to 3500 copies in North America and 500 in the UK. The imagery is from HIM's live performance of "Sleepwalking Past Hope" at that concert.

An unspecified delay occurred during the release of the product to the market, with the release date being changed from 31 March to 29 April, and further to 17 May for Australian listeners.

Buried Alive by Love
"Buried Alive by Love" is a song by the Finnish rock band HIM, released in 2003. It is the first track and second single from the album Love Metal. The music video was directed by Bam Margera. Margera has also directed three other music videos for the band, those being "The Sacrament", "Solitary Man" and "And Love Said No". The music video features actress Juliette Lewis.
Caluag
Caluag is a Filipino surname of Tagalog origin. Notable people with the surname include:

Christopher Caluag (born 1988), Filipino American BMX racer and civil engineer who competes for the Philippines internationally

Daniel Caluag (born 1987), Filipino American BMX racer who competed for the Philippines in the BMX event of the 2012 Summer Olympics

Ed Caluag (born 1962), Filipino paranormal investigator and exorcist in supernatural/paranormal phenomena.

Tito Caluag (born 1958), Filipino priest, educator and author

Vilma Caluag (born 1972), Filipino politician and businesswoman who is currently serving as the 33rd Mayor of San Fernando, Pampanga since 2022

Daniel Caluag
Daniel Patrick Manabat Caluag (born January 15, 1987) is a Filipino American BMX racer who competed for the Philippines in the BMX event of the 2012 Summer Olympics. Caluag was eliminated after the qualifying heats. He won the men's elite gold medal in the 2013 Asian BMX Cycling Championships in Singapore.

On October 1, 2014, the Filipino Olympian has set another milestone by winning the Philippines' first and only gold medal in BMX Cycling at the 17th Asian Games 2014 in Incheon, South Korea.

Caluag was named 2014 Athlete of the Year trophy at the Philippine Sportswriters Association Awards Night. Caluag was also part of the 14 scholar-athletes who have scholarships from the Olympic Solidarity Movement under the Philippine Olympic Committee.
Sam Costen
Samuel Cutter Costen (May 18, 1882 – January 21, 1955) was an American football player and coach. Costen was a quarterback for Dan McGugin's Vanderbilt Commodores of Vanderbilt University. As a player, he weighed some 150 pounds. He was the third head football at The Citadel, serving two seasons, from 1909 to 1910, and compiling a record of 7–7–2. He also coached in .

Costen graduated from Vanderbilt in 1908 with an LL.B. degree. He was a member of Alpha Tau Omega.

Costen was the first head football coach at Blytheville High School in Blytheville, Arkansas, leading the team from 1913 to 1919. He died on January 21, 1955, in Memphis, Tennessee, where he had lived in the 1930s.

Blytheville High School
Blytheville High School is a comprehensive public high school for students in grades nine through twelve located in Blytheville, Arkansas, United States. It is one of six public high schools in Mississippi County, Arkansas and the only high school managed by the Blytheville School District.

The school serves most of Blytheville and all of Burdette.
Babiana vanzijliae
Babiana vanzijliae is a species of geophyte of 4–12 cm (1.6–4.7 in) high that is assigned to the family Iridaceae. It has leaves that consist of a sheath and a blade that are at an angle with each other. The leaf blades are narrow, sword- to lance-shaped and have a left and right surface, rather than an upper and lower surface. The leaf blades are pleated and covered in velvety hairs. The inflorescence contains three to five pale bluish mauve to yellow flowers, but the lower lateral tepals are yellow becoming pale around the edges, and with three stamens crowding under the upper lip. Flowering occurs from early August to the middle of September. The flowers emit a strong scent. B. vanzijliae grows along the Bokkeveld Escarpment near Nieuwoudtville in the Northern Cape province of South Africa.

Storage organ
A storage organ is a part of a plant specifically modified for storage of energy 
(generally in the form of carbohydrates) or water. Storage organs often grow underground, where they are better protected from attack by herbivores. Plants that have an underground storage organ are called geophytes in the Raunkiær plant life-form classification system. Storage organs often, but not always, act as perennating organs which enable plants to survive adverse conditions (such as cold, excessive heat, lack of light or drought).
Vallis Vale
Vallis Vale (grid reference ST755490) is a 23.9 hectare biological and geological Site of Special Scientific Interest near Great Elm in Somerset, notified in 1952.

Vallis Vale is an ancient woodland site and supports an Ash-Wych Elm stand type with a restricted distribution in Britain.

Vallis Vale exposes some of Britain's most classic rock outcrops, exhibiting several of the most easily demonstrated examples of angular unconformity available. A nationally important research and educational locality, of great renown for the part it has played in the historical development of geological science.

Elm
Elms are deciduous and semi-deciduous trees comprising the genus Ulmus in the family Ulmaceae. They are distributed over most of the Northern Hemisphere, inhabiting the temperate and tropical-montane regions of North America and Eurasia, ranging southward in Western Asia to Iran, in Africa to Libya, and in Southeast Asia into Indonesia.

Elms are components of many kinds of natural forests. Moreover, during the 19th and early 20th centuries, many species and cultivars were also planted as ornamental street, garden, and park trees in Europe, North America, and parts of the Southern Hemisphere, notably Australasia. Some individual elms reached great size and age. However, in recent decades, most mature elms of European or North American origin have died from Dutch elm disease, caused by a microfungus dispersed by bark beetles. In response, disease-resistant cultivars have been developed, capable of restoring the elm to forestry and landscaping.
James Algar
James Algar (June 11, 1912 – February 26, 1998) was an American film director, screenwriter, and producer. He worked at Walt Disney Productions for 43 years and received the Disney Legends award in 1998. He was born in Modesto, California and died in Carmel, California.

Disney Legends
34°9′29.65″N 118°19′35″W﻿ / ﻿34.1582361°N 118.32639°W﻿ / 34.1582361; -118.32639

Disney Legends is a Hall of Fame award that is awarded by the Walt Disney Company to individuals who "[have] made a significant impact on the Disney legacy". The honor was established in 1987, and was traditionally awarded annually during a special private ceremony. Since 2009, it has been awarded on a biennial basis  during Disney's D23 Expo.

Starting in 2024, the Disney Legends awards ceremony was moved from D23 Expo's traditional venue at the Anaheim Convention Center to the larger Honda Center down the street and was hosted by Ryan Seacrest.  The ceremony was recorded and made available for streaming the next day on Disney+.