hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alaska v. Arctic Maid
Alaska v. Arctic Maid, 366 U.S. 199 (1961), is a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States in which the Court upheld the constitutionality of an Alaskan law that imposed an annual tax on freezer ships operating in Alaskan waters, even if the fish onboard is canned and sold in another state.

Judgment (law)
In law, a judgment is a decision of a court regarding the rights and liabilities of parties in a legal action or proceeding. Judgments also generally provide the court's explanation of why it has chosen to make a particular court order.

Speakers of British English tend to use the term at the appellate level as synonymous with judicial opinion. American English speakers prefer to maintain a clear distinction between the opinion of an appellate court (setting forth reasons for the disposition of an appeal) and the judgment of an appellate court (the pronouncement of the disposition itself).

In Canadian English, the phrase "reasons for judgment" is often used interchangeably with "judgment," although the former refers to the court's justification of its judgment while the latter refers to the final court order regarding the rights and liabilities of the parties.
Landscape (horse)
Landscape (1813–1834) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare that won the classic Oaks Stakes at Epsom Downs Racecourse in 1816. The filly's entire racing career consisted of one run in 1815 followed by three races in the space of thirteen days in June 1816. After winning the Oaks on her second racecourse appearance, she finished first and second in races at Ascot. Already pregnant at the time of her classic success, Landscape was retired from racing after Ascot and produced her first foal in the following spring.

Epsom Downs Racecourse
Epsom Downs is a Grade 1 racecourse in a hilly area near Epsom in Surrey, England which is used for thoroughbred horse racing. The "Downs" referred to in the name are part of the North Downs.

The course has a crowd capacity of 130,000 including people watching from the Epsom Downs, an area freely open to the public. The course is best known for hosting the Derby Stakes, which has come to be widely referred to as The Derby or as the Cazoo Derby for sponsorship reasons, the United Kingdom's premier thoroughbred horse race for three-year-old colts and fillies, over a mile and a half (2400 m). It also hosts the Oaks Stakes (also widely referred to as The Oaks) for three-year-old fillies, and the Coronation Cup for horses aged four years and upwards. All three races are Group 1 races and run over the same course and distance.

The Chairman of the course since 2022 is Brian Finch.  The course is operated by the Jockey Club.  Queen Elizabeth II attended the Derby in most years of her reign.
Henrike
Henrike is a feminine given name of Germanic origin, the female form of the male given name Henrik. Notable women with the name include:

Henrike Brandstötter (born 1975), Austrian politician

Henrike Hahn (born 1970), German politician

Henrike Handrup (born 1983), German former Paralympic cyclist

Henrike Heiland (born 1975; pen name: Zoë Beck), German writer, publisher, and translator

Henrike Kadzidroga (born 1971), German tennis player

Henrike Lähnemann (born 1968), German medievalist and academic

Henrike Naumann (1984–2026), German installation artist

Henrike Hahn
Henrike Hahn (born 4 September 1970) is a German politician who has been a Member of the European Parliament from July 2019 to July 2024. She is a member of Alliance 90/The Greens (German: Bündnis 90/Die Grünen or Grüne) at national level, and sat with the Group of the Greens/European Free Alliance in the European Parliament.
Bartholin
Bartholin is a Danish family name.

Birger Bartholin (born 1910), ballet dancer, teacher and choreographer

Caspar Bartholin the Elder (1585–1629), Danish polymath, physician, and theologian

Caspar Bartholin the Younger (1655–1738), Danish anatomist, son of Thomas Bartholin; eponym of Bartholin's gland, and subsequently Bartholin's cyst

Gustav Bartholin Hagen, (1873–1941), Danish architect

Janus Andreas Bartholin la Cour, (1837–1909), Danish painter

Jorge Cuevas Bartholín, (1885–1961), Chilean-born ballet impresario and choreographer

Rasmus Bartholin (1625–1698), Danish physician and grammarian, son of Caspar Bartholin the Elder

Thomas Bartholin (1616–1680),  Danish physician, mathematician, and theologian, son of Caspar Bartholin the Elder

George de Cuevas
Jorge Cuevas Bartholín, known as George de Cuevas (1885 – 22 February 1961), was a Chilean-born ballet impresario and choreographer who was best known for the Grand Ballet du Marquis de Cuevas that he formed in 1944.
August Christian Baumann
August Christian Baumann (25 May 1770 – 3 November 1831) was a Norwegian mine superintendent and politician.

Baumann was born in Bodenseich near Lüneburg in Germany. He came to Norway and Kristiania in his youth, and was hired as head dispenser at a pharmacy. Baumann eventually became acquainted with Bernt Anker, who recommended the study of mining. Baumann carried through the studies, and became a mine superintendent for Southeastern Norway. In 1816, when the Kongsberg Silver Mines were reopened, Baumann was elected as a member of the board of directors.

He served as a deputy representative to the Norwegian Parliament in 1821, representing the constituency of Kongsberg. He met in parliamentary sessions whenever the regular member, Hans Wølner Kofoed, was unable to do so.

Lüneburg
Lüneburg, officially the Hanseatic City of Lüneburg and also known in English as Lunenburg, is a town in the German state of Lower Saxony. It is located about 50 km (31 mi) southeast of another Hanseatic city, Hamburg, and belongs to that city's wider metropolitan region. The capital of the district which bears its name, it is home to roughly 77,000 people. Lüneburg's urban area, which includes the surrounding communities of Adendorf, Bardowick, Barendorf and Reppenstedt, has a population of around 103,000. Lüneburg has been allowed to use the title Hansestadt ('Hanseatic Town') in its name since 2007, in recognition of its membership in the former Hanseatic League. Lüneburg is also home to Leuphana University.
Cargo Records (Canada)
Cargo Records was a Canadian independent record label and distributor, active in the 1980s and 1990s. Based in Montreal, the company both released albums directly as a label, and distributed albums on behalf of many other small independent labels, making it one of the largest and most influential Canadian record companies of the alternative rock era.

By the mid-1990s, the company was so powerful that its decline toward bankruptcy between 1995 and 1997 initially appeared destined to set off a cascading failure of the entire Canadian music industry; however, these early predictions of disaster were averted as affected labels sought out new distribution arrangements. This period of retrenchment, in turn, has been credited with stabilizing the industry and in turn paving the way for the Canadian indie rock boom of the early 2000s.

Cascading failure
A cascading failure is a failure in a system of interconnected parts in which the failure of one or few parts leads to the failure of other parts, growing progressively as a result of positive feedback. This can occur when a single part fails, increasing the probability that other portions of the system fail. Such a failure may happen in many types of systems, including power transmission, computer networking, finance, transportation systems, organisms, the human body, and ecosystems.

Cascading failures may occur when one part of the system fails. When this happens, other parts must then compensate for the failed component. This in turn overloads these nodes, causing them to fail as well, prompting additional nodes to fail one after another.
Thomas Curwen
Thomas Curwen (1415–1486/1487) was a 15th-century sheriff of Cumberland. He was son of William Curwen and Elizabeth, daughter of John Huddleston of Millom Castle.
He held numerous offices around the region, including elector of the county (at which election he himself was elected), escheator and on various commissions. He was knighted in 1449. He was a supporter of Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland in Westmorland in the 1450s during the Percy–Neville feud, although he made his peace when the Yorkist Edward IV took the throne in 1461. When Edward's brother Richard took the throne in 1483, Curwen was appointed to each of his Cumberland commissions, although, as the parliamentary historian Josiah Wedgwood notes, "he must have been a very old man".

Percy–Neville feud
The Percy–Neville feud was a series of skirmishes, raids, and vandalism between two prominent northern English families, the House of Percy and the House of Neville, and their followers, that helped provoke the Wars of the Roses. The original reason for the long dispute is unknown, and the first outbreaks of violence were in the 1450s, prior to the Wars of the Roses. The antagonists would later meet in battle several times during the feud.
Aviast Air
Aviast Air Ltd. (Russian: ООО «Авиакомпания «АВИАСТ ЭЙР») was a cargo airline based in Moscow, Russia. It operated scheduled and chartered services throughout Russia and the CIS mainly out of Domodedovo International Airport or, to a lesser extent, Yaroslavl Airport. The company was founded in 1992 and liquidated in 2011.

Antonov An-12
The Antonov An-12 (Russian: Антонов Ан-12; NATO reporting name: Cub) is a four-engined turboprop transport aircraft designed in the Soviet Union. It is the military version of the Antonov An-10 and has many variants. For more than three decades, the An-12 was the standard medium-range cargo and paratroop transport aircraft of the Soviet air forces. A total of 1,248 aircraft were built.
Saldaña (surname)
Saldaña is a Spanish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Brandon Saldaña (born 1991), American footballer

Carlos Saldaña (born 1947), Mexican comic book author

Diana Saldaña (born 1971), United States District Judge

Excilia Saldaña (1946–1999), Afro-Cuban author

Gisela Lara Saldaña (born 1956), Mexican politician

Jaime Verdín Saldaña (born 1962), Mexican politician

José M. Saldaña, Puerto Rican academic

José Saldaña (born 1947), Peruvian politician

Julio Saldaña (born 1967), Argentine footballer

Lori Saldaña (born 1958), American politician

María Elena Saldaña, Mexican actress

María Lucero Saldaña (born 1957), Mexican politician

Ponciano Saldaña (1928-2006), Filipino Olympic basketball player

Sarah Saldaña, former director of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement

Terry Saldaña (1958–2023), Filipino basketball player

Tomás Saldaña (born 1961), Spanish racing driver

Zoe Saldaña (born 1978), American actress

Tomás Saldaña
Tomás Saldaña (born 23 March 1961) is a Spanish former racing driver.

24 Hours of Le Mans in 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1997, 1999, 2000.

1985 FF Spanish Championship – Vice Champion

1986 R5 I Spanish Championship – Third

1988 R5Turbo Spanish Championship – Champion

1993 Interserie Sportscar Championship – Vice Champion. 2002 Iberian and Spanish GT Championship – Vicechampion.
ITU-T Study Group 15
The ITU-T Study Group 15 (SG15) 'Transport' is a standardization committee of ITU-T concerned with networks, technologies and infrastructures for transport, access and home. It responsible for standards such as GPON, G.fast, etc.

Administratively, SG15  is a statutory meeting of the World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which creates the ITU-T Study Groups and appoints their management teams. The secretariat is provided by the Telecommunication Standardization Bureau (under Director Chaesub Lee).

The goal of SG15 is to produce recommendations (international standards) for networks.

Chaesub Lee
Chaesub Lee PhD (Korean: 이재섭) is a telecommunication executive who served as the Director of ITU Telecommunication Standardization Bureau, the permanent secretariat of the International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) from 2015 until 2022.
Bull Shoals-White River State Park
Bull Shoals-White River State Park is a 732-acre (296 ha) Arkansas state park in Baxter and Marion Counties, Arkansas in the United States. Containing one of the nation's best trout-fishing streams, the park entered the system in 1955 after the United States Army Corps of Engineers built Bull Shoals Dam on the White River. The park runs along the shoreline of Bull Shoals Lake and the White River above and below the dam, and contains picnic areas, a marina, boat rentals, interpretive programs, and a visitors' center with gift shop.

Bull Shoals Dam
Bull Shoals Dam is a concrete gravity dam on the White River in northern Arkansas in the United States. The dam lies on the border of Marion and Baxter Counties, and forms Bull Shoals Lake, which extends well northwest into Missouri. Its main purposes are hydroelectricity production and flood control.

The dam was built by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in response to severe flooding between 1915 and 1927. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt authorized the construction of the dam as well as six others on the White River and its tributaries in the Flood Control Act of 1938. Construction started in June 1947 and the dam was completed in July 1951 at an estimated cost of $86 million (which translates to approximately $710 million in 2009 when adjusted for inflation). When finished, the dam was one of the largest concrete structures in the world. From its completion until 2009, it is estimated that the dam has prevented about $225.5 million in flood damages below the dam.
Gold City (horse)
Gold City (Japanese: ゴールドシチー, April 16, 1984 – May 2, 1990) was a Japanese thoroughbred racehorse. His main victory was at the 1986 Hanshin Sansai Stakes (G1), and he placed 2nd at the 1987 Satsuki Sho (G1) and Kikuka Sho (G1).

Hanshin Juvenile Fillies
The Hanshin Juvenile Fillies (阪神ジュベナイルフィリーズ) is a one-mile turf stakes race for thoroughbred fillies two years old. It is considered the de facto year-end championship for two-year-old fillies in Japan.
Katažina Sosna
Katažina Sosna–Pinelė (born 30 November 1990) is a Lithuanian racing cyclist. She competed in the 2012 UCI Road World Championships in Valkenburg aan de Geul and in the 2013 UCI women's time trial in Florence.

Valkenburg aan de Geul
Valkenburg aan de Geul (Dutch: [ˈvɑlkə(m)bʏr(ə)x aːn də ˈɣøːl] ⓘ; Limburgish: Valkeberg [ˈvɑl˦əkəˌbæʀ˦əx] ⓘ) is a municipality situated in the southeastern Dutch province of Limburg. The name refers to the central town in the municipality, Valkenburg, and the small river Geul passing through it.
Malargüe Department
Malargüe is a  department located in the south west of Mendoza Province in Argentina. Its borders are San Rafael in the north, La Pampa Province in the east, Neuquén Province in the south and Chile to the west.

The provincial subdivision has a population of about 23,000 inhabitants in an area of 41,317 km2 (15,953 sq mi), and its capital city is Malargüe, which is located around 1,180 km (730 mi) from the federal capital Buenos Aires.

La Pampa Province
La Pampa (Spanish pronunciation: [la ˈpampa]) is a sparsely populated province of Argentina, located in the Pampas in the center of the country. Neighboring provinces are from the north clockwise San Luis, Córdoba, Buenos Aires, Río Negro, Neuquén and Mendoza.
2014 United States House of Representatives elections in Maryland
The 2014 United States House of Representatives elections in Maryland were held on Tuesday, November 4, 2014, to elect the eight U.S. representatives from the state of Maryland, one from each of the state's eight congressional districts. The elections coincided with other elections to the United States Senate and House of Representatives and various state and local elections, including the governor of Maryland, attorney general of Maryland and comptroller of Maryland.

Anne Arundel County, Maryland
Anne Arundel County (listenⓘ; /əˈrʌndəl/), also notated as AA or A.A. County, is located in the U.S. state of Maryland. As of the 2020 United States census, its population was 588,261, an increase of just under 10% since 2010. Its county seat is Annapolis, which is also the capital of the state. The county is named for Anne Arundell (c. 1615/1616–1649), Lady Baltimore, a member of the Arundell family in Cornwall, England, and the wife of Cecilius Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore (1605–1675), founder and first lord proprietor of the colony Province of Maryland. The county is part of the Central Maryland region of the state. Anne Arundel County is included in the Washington–Baltimore–Arlington combined statistical area.
Janaki Mandir
Jānakī Mandir (Nepali: जानकी मन्दिर) is a Hindu temple in Jānakpurdham, Nepal, dedicated to the Hindu goddess Sītā. It is an example of Koiri Hindu architecture.


Fully built in bright white and constructed in an area of 1,480 square metres (15,930 sq. feet),  it is a three-storied structure made entirely of stone and marble. It is a major destination for the tourism in Mithila.

The walls of the temple have Mādhubānī paintings. All its 60 rooms are decorated with the flag of Nepal, coloured glass, engravings, and paintings, with lattice windows and turrets.

The Sītā Svayaṃvara (groom choosing ceremony) of Jānakī (Sītā) and Rāma as described in the Rāmāyaṇa is believed to have occurred here at the wedding mandapa attached to this temple. The site was designated as a UNESCO tentative site in 2008.

Wedding mandapa
A Vivaha Mandapa (Sanskrit: विवाह मण्डप, romanized: Vivāha Maṇḍapa, lit. 'Wedding pavilion'), also referred to as Kalyana Mandapa (Sanskrit: कल्याण मण्डप, romanized: Kalyāṇa Maṇḍapa) or simply Wedding mandapa is a mandapa (pavilion) temporarily erected for the purpose of a Hindu or Jain wedding. It is the term used for the wedding canopy in Dharmic religions. The main wedding ceremonies take place under this mandapa. Vivaha Mandapas have historically also been featured adjacent to Hindu temples to commemorate the wedding of Hindu deities, such as Rama and Sita.
INS Abhay (1989)
INS Abhay (P33) ("Fearless") was the lead ship of her class of anti-submarine warfare corvettes, which were in service with the Indian Navy.

Abhay is Sanskrit for fearless. The ship was commissioned on 10 March 1989 at Poti, Georgia in the erstwhile USSR.

INS Abhay, as per earlier confirmation, was decommissioned on 6 October 2025 during sunset along with INFAC T-82, a Super Dvora Mk II-class patrol boat. This marked the end of active service of the Abhay class of ships with the Indian Navy. Vice Admiral Krishna Swaminathan, the Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief Western Naval Command (FOCINC WNC), was the chief guest of the ceremony, hosted at the Naval Dockyard (Mumbai), while attendees included the commissioning crew of the vessels, former Commanding Officers and senior dignitaries.

Vice admiral (India)
Vice admiral is a three-star flag officer rank in the Indian Navy. It is the second-highest active rank in the Indian Navy. Vice admiral ranks above the two-star rank of rear admiral and below the four-star rank of admiral, which is held by the Chief of the Naval Staff (CNS).

The equivalent rank in the Indian Army is lieutenant general and in the Indian Air Force is air marshal. Officers in the rank of vice admiral hold important appointments at the naval commands and at the naval headquarters.
Bank of Slovenia
The Bank of Slovenia (Slovene: Banka Slovenije) is the national central bank for Slovenia within the Eurosystem. It was the Slovenian central bank from 1991 to 2006, issuing the tolar.

In addition to its monetary role, the Bank of Slovenia is also a financial supervisory authority. In that capacity, it increasingly implements policies set at the European Union level. It is the national competent authority for Slovenia within European Banking Supervision. It is a voting member of the Board of Supervisors of the European Banking Authority (EBA). It is Slovenia's designated National Resolution Authority and plenary session member of the Single Resolution Board (SRB). It is also a member of the European Systemic Risk Board (ESRB).

European Systemic Risk Board
The European Systemic Risk Board (ESRB) is a group established on 16 December 2010 in response to the euro area crisis. It is tasked with the macro-prudential oversight of the financial system within the European Union in order to contribute to the prevention or mitigation of systemic risks to financial stability in the EU. It shall contribute to the smooth functioning of the internal market and thereby ensure a sustainable contribution of the financial sector to economic growth.

The ESRB is a macro-prudential oversight body of the EU and it is part of the European System of Financial Supervision (ESFS), the purpose of which is to ensure the supervision of the EU's financial system. As a body lacking juridical personality, the ESRB relies on hosting and support by the European Central Bank. It includes representatives from the ECB, national central banks and supervisory authorities of EU member states, and the European Commission.
Radishchevo constituency
The Radishchevo constituency (No.188) is a Russian legislative constituency in Ulyanovsk Oblast. The constituency covers southern half of Ulyanovsk, its western suburbs and mostly rural western Ulyanovsk Oblast.

The constituency has been represented since 2016 by United Russia deputy Vladislav Tretyak, five-term State Duma member, 1972, 1976 and 1984 Olympic Champion ice hockey player.

Vladislav Tretiak
Vladislav Aleksandrovich Tretiak MP MSM (Russian: Владислав Александрович Третьяк, IPA: [trʲɪˈtʲjak]; born 25 April 1952) is a Russian former goaltender for the Soviet Union national ice hockey team. He was inducted into the inaugural class of the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) Hall of Fame in 1997. Considered to be one of the greatest goaltenders in the history of the sport, he was voted one of six players to the IIHF Centennial All-Star Team in a poll conducted by a group of 56 experts from 16 countries. Tretiak is the current president of the Ice Hockey Federation of Russia and was the general manager of the Russian 2010 Winter Olympic team.
Kelvin Lawrence
Kelvin Lawrence (born November 12, 1973) is an American politician who has served in the Alabama House of Representatives from the 69th district since 2014. He previously served as the mayor of Hayneville, Alabama. He is a member of the Democratic Party.

On July 9, 2024, Lawrence was arrested. He was charged with two felonies: "second-degree forgery and second-degree criminal possession of a forged instrument."

Alabama House of Representatives
The Alabama House of Representatives is the lower house of the Alabama Legislature, the state legislature of state of Alabama. The House is composed of 105 members representing an equal number of districts, with each constituency containing at least 42,380 citizens. There are no term limits in the House. The House is also one of the five lower houses of state legislatures in the United States that is elected every four years. Other lower houses, including the United States House of Representatives, are elected for a two-year term.

The House meets at the Alabama State House in Montgomery. The speaker of the Alabama House of Representatives is its leader.
Wayne Angevine
Wayne George Angevine (born 1935) is an American former politician in the state of Washington from Seattle. He served in the Washington House of Representatives and Washington State Senate. He was one of the youngest people to sit in the State Senate, having been elected at the age of 23.

Angevine earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from Seattle University, and sold life insurance. He had two children with his wife, Fran who had three children from a previous marriage.

By 1978, Angevine was Seattle's assistant city clerk, and had come out as gay. Later that year, he unsuccessfully ran for the Seattle City Council.

Seattle University
Seattle University (Seattle U or SU) is a private Jesuit university in Seattle, Washington, United States. It is the largest independent university in the Northwestern United States, with over 7,500 students enrolled in undergraduate and graduate programs within seven schools.