hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Flag of the Gambia
The national flag of The Gambia consists of three horizontal red, blue and green bands separated by two thin white stripes.  Adopted in 1965 to replace the British Blue Ensign defaced with the arms of the Gambia Colony and Protectorate, it has been the flag of the Republic of the Gambia since the country gained independence that year.  It remained unchanged throughout the Gambia's seven-year confederation with Senegal.

National flag
A national flag is a flag that represents and symbolizes a given nation. It is flown by the government of that nation, but can also be flown by its citizens. A national flag is typically designed with specific meanings for its colors and symbols, which may also be used separately from the flag as a symbol of the nation. The design of a national flag is sometimes altered after the occurrence of important historical events.
Hal Bidlack
Harold Wilford Bidlack (born 1958) is a retired United States Air Force officer and national security aide. He ran unsuccessfully for the United States House of Representatives in Colorado's 5th congressional district as the Democratic nominee in the 2008 election. From 2010 to 2014, Bidlack served as a staffer for US Senator Michael Bennet, focusing primarily on veteran and military issues and casework, and oversaw Bennet's military academy nominations.

Bidlack served over 25 years in the Air Force, including 15 years at the United States Air Force Academy. He retired in 2006 with the rank of lieutenant colonel. During his service in the military Bidlack served in the Clinton administration as Director of Global Environmental Affairs for the National Security Council. He is also noted for his educational presentations in-character as Alexander Hamilton and advocacy of rational skepticism.

James Randi Educational Foundation
The James Randi Educational Foundation (JREF) is an American grant-making institution founded in 1996 by magician and skeptic James Randi. As a nonprofit organization, the mission of JREF includes educating the public and the media on the dangers of accepting unproven claims, and to support research into paranormal claims in controlled scientific experimental conditions. The organization announced its change to a grant-making foundation in September 2015.

The organization previously administered the One Million Dollar Paranormal Challenge, a prize of one million U.S. dollars to anyone who could demonstrate a supernatural or paranormal ability under agreed-upon scientific testing criteria.

The organization has been funded through member contributions, grants, and conferences, though it ceased accepting memberships after 2015. For several years, the JREF website published the blog Swift, which included news and information as well as exposés of paranormal claimants.
Alexander (East Indiaman)
A number of ships with the name Alexander served the British East India Company (EIC) as East Indiamen:

Alexander (1783 ship), a ship of 445 tons (bm), launched in 1783 at Hull, that made one voyage for the EIC as an extra ship, i.e., under contract carrying convicts to Botany Bay in 1788, as part of the First Fleet, and returning with a cargo from Canton. She is last listed in Lloyd's Register in 1808.

Alexander (1794) was built in France in 1791 under a different name. She was taken as a prize and her new owners renamed her Alexander. She made one voyage for the British East India Company (EIC), and then became a slave ship, making several voyages between 1798 and 1807. She is last listed in 1809.

Alexander (1801 ship), a ship of 281 tons (bm) launched at Quebec that made one voyage for the EIC between 1802 and 1803, and that was placed in the West Indies trade in 1804.

Alexander (1803 Liverpool), a ship of 614 tons (bm), launched in 1803 at Liverpool and sold in 1817.

Alexander (1783 ship)
Alexander was a merchant ship launched at Hull in 1783 or 1784. She was one of the vessels in the First Fleet, that the British government hired to transport convicts for the European colonisation of Australia in 1788. On her return voyage from Australia the British East India Company permitted her to carry a cargo from Canton back to Britain. Thereafter she traded out of London until 1809, when she is no longer listed.
Breaking at the 2023 Pan American Games – B-Boys
The b-boys competition of the breaking events at the 2023 Pan American Games was held from November 3 to 4 at Chimkowe Gym in Santiago, Chile.

Breaking made its debut in 2023 as a Pan American sport, serving as a qualifier for its Olympic debut at Paris 2024.

Breaking at the 2023 Pan American Games
Breaking (breakdancing) competitions at the 2023 Pan American Games in Santiago, Chile were held between November 3 and 4th, 2023 at the Chimkowe Gym in Peñalolén, a suburb of Santiago.

On June 24, 2022, breaking was added to the sports program as the 39th sport, serving as a qualifier for its Olympic debut at Paris 2024. This will mark the sport's Pan American Games debut.

A total of two events are scheduled to be held, one each for men and women. A total of 32 athletes (16 per gender) are scheduled to compete.
Micromonospora maris
Micromonospora maris is a Gram-positive bacterium from the genus Micromonospora which has been isolated from deep-sea sediments from the Sea of Japan. Verrucosispora maris produces abyssomicins and proximicins.

Micromonospora
Micromonospora is a genus of bacteria of the family Micromonosporaceae. The genus name was first proposed in 1923 by Danish physician Jeppe Ørskov in an attempt to classify what at the time was considered "ray fungi" based on morphology. Members of this genus are found throughout natural soil and sediment environments, as well as in association with roots of plants of various species. The genus is well known for its ability to produce a variety of medically relevant products.

They are gram-positive, spore-forming, generally aerobic, and form a branched mycelium; they occur as saprotrophic forms in soil and water. Various species are sources of aminoglycoside antibiotics with spellings that end with -micin, such as gentamicin, mutamicin, netilmicin, retymicin, sisomicin, verdamicin, calicheamicin, and the recently found turbinmicin, unlike most other aminoglycoside names that end with -mycin (e.g. neomycin and streptomycin) and are produced by Streptomyces spp..
Macedonian Literary Circle
The Macedonian Literary Circle (1938–1941; Bulgarian: Македонски литературен кръжок; Macedonian: Македонски литературен кружок, romanized: Makedonski literaturen kružok) was a literary society created in Sofia, Bulgaria, in 1938 by young and educated members of the Macedonian immigrant community, who were leftists.

Bulgarian rule of Macedonia, Morava Valley and Western Thrace (1941–1944)
During Bulgaria's participation in World War II as a member of the Tripartite Pact (1941–1944), the Kingdom of Bulgaria unilaterally annexed several Yugoslav and Greek territories, including most of Macedonia, the Morava Valley, and Western Thrace. As a result of these annexations, Bulgaria acquired a total of 39,756.6 km2, distributed as follows: the Western Outlands (2,968 km2), Macedonia (23,807 km2), Western Thrace (12,363 km2), the island of Thasos (443 km2), and the island of Samothrace (184 km2). This brought the total area of the Bulgarian state to 150,668.1 km2.
Soft coral nudibranch
The soft coral nudibranch, Tritonia sp. 1, as designated by Gosliner, 1987, is a species of small sea slug, a dendronotid nudibranch. It is a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Tritoniidae. As of November 2009, it was undescribed by science.

Tritoniidae
Tritoniidae is a taxonomic family of nudibranchs in the suborder Cladobranchia, shell-less marine gastropod molluscs. This family includes some of the largest known nudibranchs, with the NE Atlantic species Tritonia hombergii reaching 20 cm in length. It is the only family in the monotypic superfamily Tritonioidea.
Scala & Kolacny Brothers
Scala & Kolacny Brothers is a Belgian women's choir conducted by Stijn Kolacny, and arranged and accompanied by Steven Kolacny on the piano. They have released five studio albums (in multiple languages), starting with On the Rocks in, 2002. Most of their songs are specially arranged renditions of songs by well-known musicians and bands, such as Oasis, Björk, Radiohead, U2, Nirvana, Depeche Mode, Muse, and Rammstein, although they have also recorded their own compositions.

Damien Rice
Damien George Rice (born 7 December 1973) is an Irish singer-songwriter. He began his career as a member of the 1990s rock group Juniper, who were signed to Polygram Records in 1997. The band enjoyed moderate success in Ireland with two released singles, "The World is Dead" and "Weatherman." After leaving the band in 1998, Rice worked as a farmer in Tuscany and busked throughout Europe before returning to Ireland in 2001 and beginning a solo career. The rest of Juniper went on to perform under the name Bell X1.

In 2002, Rice released his debut album, O. It reached No. 8 on the UK Albums Chart, won the Shortlist Music Prize, and generated three top 30 singles in the UK. He released his second album, 9, in 2006. After eight years of various collaborations, Rice released his third studio album, My Favourite Faded Fantasy, in 2014. He has contributed music to charitable projects such as Songs for Tibet, the Enough Project, and the Freedom Campaign.
Trying to Get Arrested
Trying to Get Arrested is a 1909 American comedy short film directed by D. W. Griffith, produced by the Biograph Company of New York City, and starring John R. Cumpson. Filmed in two days in early 1909 at Palisades Park, New Jersey, it was released in April that year and distributed to theaters on a "split reel", which was a single film reel that included more than one motion picture. The other picture that accompanied this comedy was the Biograph "dramedy" The Road to the Heart.

The screenplay or "scenario" for Trying to Get Arrested was inspired by and adapted from the short story "The Cop and the Anthem" written by American author William Sydney Porter, who is more commonly known by his pen name "O. Henry". Porter's short story was initially published in the New York World newspaper in December 1904 and republished in The Four Million, an anthology of O. Henry's works released in 1906, just three years before the production of this Biograph short.

Motography
Motography was an American film journal that was first published in 1909 and ran until mid-1918. The magazine was published in 1909 and was originally named The Nickelodeon, but then changed its name to Motography in 1911. The trade journal was published monthly by Electricity Magazine Corporation in Chicago and had a bureau office in New York City. Motography was one of the most popular American Film trade papers, and was read primarily by individuals in the film industry, such as movie directors and  movie theater owners. In 1918, Martin Quigley bought Motography merging it with what eventually became the Motion Picture Herald.
1985–86 FIBA European Cup Winners' Cup
The 1985–86 FIBA European Cup Winners' Cup was the twentieth edition of FIBA's 2nd-tier level European-wide professional club basketball competition, contested between national domestic cup champions, running from 1 October 1985, to 18 March 1986. It was contested by 22 teams, two more than in the previous edition.

Defending champions FC Barcelona, defeated Scavolini Pesaro in the final, which was held in Caserta, to win its second trophy. They became the third team to successfully defend its title. It was the third title in a row for a Spanish League team.

FIBA Saporta Cup
The FIBA Saporta Cup, founded as FIBA European Cup Winners Cup, was the name of the second-tier level European-wide professional club basketball competition, where the domestic National Cup winners, from all over Europe, played against each other. The competition was organized by FIBA Europe. It was named after the late Raimundo Saporta, a former Real Madrid director.
Raid on the Suez Canal
The raid on the Suez Canal, also known as actions on the Suez Canal, took place between 26 January and 4 February 1915 when a German-led Ottoman force advanced from southern Palestine to attack the British Empire-protected Suez Canal, marking the beginning of the Sinai and Palestine campaign (1915–1918) of World War I (1914–1918).

Substantial Ottoman forces crossed the Sinai Peninsula, and a few managed to cross the Canal. The primary objective of the Ottoman forces was not to capture British Egypt, but to seize the Suez Canal. Capturing this strategically vital channel would cut British communications with East Africa, India and Asia, and prevent British Empire troops from reaching the Mediterranean Sea and Europe. The Ottoman attack was a failure with the loss of nearly 2,000 troops.

El Qantara, Egypt
El Qantara (Arabic: القنطرة, romanized: al qantara, lit. 'the bridge') is a northeastern Egyptian city on both sides of the Suez Canal, in the Egyptian governorate of Ismailia, 160 kilometres (99 mi) northeast of Cairo and 50 kilometres (31 mi) south of Port Said. The two parts of the city are connected by a high-level fixed road bridge, the Mubarak Peace Bridge. The bridge makes a connection between the division of Africa, and Asia, making  El Qantara a border town.
Calothecinae
Calothecineae is a subtribe of grasses in the tribe Poeae. It includes nine genera.

Boldrinia L.N.Silva

Calotheca Desv.

Chascolytrum Desv.

Condilorachia P.M.Peterson, Romasch. & Soreng

Erianthecium Parodi

Lombardochloa Roseng. & B.R.Arrill.

Microbriza Parodi ex Nicora & Rúgolo

Poidium Nees

Rhombolytrum Link

Rosengurttia L.N.Silva

Microbriza
Microbriza is a genus of grasses. It includes two species native to southern Brazil.

Microbriza brachychaete (Ekman) Parodi ex Nicora & Rúgolo

Microbriza poomorpha (J.Presl) Parodi ex Nicora & Rúgolo
Cycas taiwaniana
Cycas taiwaniana is a species of plant in the genus Cycas. The species is native to Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi and Fujian in China. Although the specific epithet, taiwaniana, is derived from Taiwan, where the original type specimens were found, it is not naturally distributed in Taiwan. Instead of C. taiwaniana, the original type specimens used for describing C. taiwaniana, had been reclassified under another species, Cycas taitungensis.

Cycas revoluta
Cycas revoluta (Sotetsu [Japanese ソテツ], sago cycad, sago palm, king sago, Japanese sago palm) is a species of gymnosperm in the family Cycadaceae, native to southern Japan including the Ryukyu Islands. It is one of several species used for the production of sago, as well as an ornamental plant. The sago cycad can be distinguished by a thick coat of fibers on its trunk. The sago cycad is sometimes mistakenly thought to be a palm, although the only similarity between the two is that they look similar and both produce seeds.
Hasse–Weil zeta function
In mathematics, the Hasse–Weil zeta function attached to an algebraic variety V defined over an algebraic number field K is a meromorphic function on the complex plane defined in terms of the number of points on the variety after reducing modulo each prime number p. It is a global L-function defined as an Euler product of local zeta functions.

Hasse–Weil L-functions form one of the two major classes of global L-functions, alongside the L-functions associated to automorphic representations. Conjecturally, these two types of global L-functions are actually two descriptions of the same type of global L-function; this would be a vast generalisation of the Taniyama-Weil conjecture, itself an important result in number theory.

For an elliptic curve over a number field K, the Hasse–Weil zeta function is conjecturally related to the group of rational points of the elliptic curve over K by the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture.

Jean-Pierre Serre
Jean-Pierre Serre (French: [sɛʁ]; born 15 September 1926) is a French mathematician who has made contributions to algebraic topology, algebraic geometry and algebraic number theory. He was awarded the Fields Medal in 1954 and the inaugural Abel Prize in 2003.
Artemon (painter)
Artemon (Ancient Greek: Ἀρτέμων), a Greek painter, who is recorded by Pliny to have painted a picture of Queen Stratonice, from which it is presumed that he lived about B.C. 300. He also painted 'Hercules and Deianira;' but his most celebrated works were the pictures which were carried to Rome, and placed in the Octavian Portico, representing 'Hercules received amongst the Gods;' and the 'History of Laomedon with Apollo and Neptune.'

Stratonice of Macedon
Stratonice (Greek: Στρατονίκη, Stratoníkē; lived in the 3rd century BC) of Macedonia was the daughter of Stratonice of Syria and of the Seleucid king Antiochus I Soter (281–261 BC). She was married to Demetrius II (239–229 BC), king of Macedonia.
Yingjun
Yingjun (Chinese: 英俊; pinyin: Yīngjùn) is a town under the administration of Erdao District, Changchun, Jilin, China. As of 2020, it administers Sandao (三道) Residential Neighborhood and the following six villages:

Heping Village (和平村)

Weixing Village (卫星村)

Sihe Village (四合村)

Xiangshui Village (香水村)

Weizi Village (苇子村)

Hujia Village (胡家村)

Erdao, Changchun
Erdao District (simplified Chinese: 二道区; traditional Chinese: 二道區; pinyin: Èrdào Qū) is one of seven districts of the prefecture-level city of Changchun, the capital of Jilin Province, Northeast China. It borders Jiutai to the north and east, Shuangyang District to the south, Nanguan District to the southwest, Kuancheng District to the northwest, as well as the prefecture-level city of Jilin to the southeast.
Westerville High School-Vine Street School
The Westerville High School-Vine Street School is a historic school in Westerville, Ohio. It was built in 1896 by the Columbus architecture firm of Yost and Packard. The high school is an example of Romanesque Revival architecture.

The building was opened to the public on during a grand ceremony on March 19, 1896. Today, the school is referred to as the Emerson Magnet school, which specializes in teaching children foreign languages and cultures.

Westerville, Ohio
Westerville is a city in Franklin and Delaware counties in the U.S. state of Ohio. A northeastern suburb of Columbus, its population was 39,190 at the 2020 census. The city is home to Otterbein University. It was once known as the "Dry Capital of the World" for its strict laws prohibiting sales of alcohol and for being the home of the Anti-Saloon League, one of the driving forces behind the Prohibition era at the beginning of the 20th century.
The Donlon Report
The Donlon Report was a nightly American television news program on NewsNation, which premiered on March 1, 2021. The one-hour-long program was hosted by Joe Donlon, and aired at 6 p.m. ET.

The cable network WGN America was rebranded to NewsNation by its corporate parent Nexstar Media Group on the same day and expand to five hours of live news programming.

The expansion in programming was a move to compete against other U.S. Cable News programs. The Donlon Report went against largely opinion-based programs in that timeslot: The Situation Room with Wolf Blitzer on CNN, The Beat with Ari Melber on MSNBC and Special Report with Bret Baier on Fox News.

The show replaced reruns of Last Man Standing.

On March 15, 2022, Donlon decided to leave NewsNation. His last show on The Donlon Report aired on March 25, 2022. On March 28, 2022, NewsNation Rush Hour will replace The Donlon Report at 6 PM ET, and it currently airs from 5–7 PM ET.

The Beat with Ari Melber
The Beat with Ari Melber is an American news and politics program hosted by Ari Melber, who is the chief legal correspondent for the network MS NOW (formerly MSNBC).

The show airs weekdays at 6 p.m. ET and, as of May 2025, is the second-most-watched cable news program in its time slot by total viewers and third-most-watched by the key A24-54 demo.
Battle of the Rhône Crossing
The Battle of the Rhône Crossing was a battle during the Second Punic War in September of 218 BC. Hannibal marched on the Italian Alps, and an army of Gallic Volcae attacked the Carthaginian army on the east bank of the Rhône. The Roman army camped near Massalia. The Volcae tried to prevent the Carthaginians from crossing the Alps and invading Italy.

Before they crossed the river, the Carthaginians sent a detachment to cross upriver, under Hanno, son of Bomilcar, and took up position behind the Gauls. Once the detachment was in place, Hannibal crossed the river with the main contingent of his army. As the Gauls massed to oppose Hannibal, Hanno attacked their rear and routed the Volcae army. This was Hannibal's first major battle (victory) outside of the Iberian Peninsula. It gave him an unopposed path to the Alps and into Italy.

Gnaeus Cornelius Scipio Calvus
Gnaeus Cornelius Scipio Calvus (died 211 BC) was a Roman general and statesman during the third century BC. He played an important role in the war against the Insubres and the Second Punic War. By taking Mediolanum, the capital of the Insubres, he defeated the tribe and established Roman dominance over Cisalpine Gaul. During the Second Punic War he established Roman rule in the east of the Iberian Peninsula and tied up several Carthaginian armies to keep them from reinforcing Hannibal.
Invasive species in Australia
Invasive species are a serious threat to endemic Australian species, and an ongoing cost to Australian agriculture. Numerous species arrived with European maritime exploration and colonisation of Australia and steadily since then. There is ongoing debate about the potential benefits and detriments of introduced species; some experts believe that certain species, particularly megafauna such as deer, equids, bovids, and camels, may be more beneficial to Australia's ecosystems than they are detrimental, acting as replacements for extinct Australian megafauna.

Management and the prevention of the introduction of new invasive species are key environmental and agricultural policy issues for the Australian federal and state governments. As of 2016 the management of weeds cost A$1.5 billion on weed control and a further $2.5 billion in lost agricultural production over the course of a year.

Feral pig
A feral pig is a domestic pig which has gone feral, meaning it lives in the wild. The term feral pig has also been applied to wild boars, which can interbreed with domestic pigs. They are found mostly in the Americas and Australia. Razorback and wild hog are sometimes used in the United States in reference to feral pigs or boar–pig hybrids.
Evelyn Lear
Evelyn Shulman Lear (January 8, 1926 – July 1, 2012) was an American operatic soprano. Between 1959 and 1992, she appeared in more than forty operatic roles, appeared with every major opera company in the United States and won a Grammy Award in 1966. She was well known for her musical versatility, having sung all three main female roles in Der Rosenkavalier. Lear was also known for her work on 20th century pieces by Robert Ward, Alban Berg, Marvin David Levy, Rudolf Kelterborn and Giselher Klebe. She was married to the American bass-baritone Thomas Stewart until his death in 2006.

Deutsche Oper Berlin
The Deutsche Oper Berlin is a German opera company located in the Charlottenburg district of Berlin. The resident building is the country's second largest opera house (after Munich's) and also home to the Berlin State Ballet.

Since 2004, the Deutsche Oper Berlin, like the Staatsoper Unter den Linden (Berlin State Opera), the Komische Oper Berlin, the Berlin State Ballet, and the Bühnenservice Berlin (Stage and Costume Design), has been a member of the Berlin Opera Foundation.