hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Turner (miser)
John Turner (1 March 1800 – 2 March 1883) was an English draper, landlord, and moneylender, whose perceived behaviour led to his reputation as a miser.

By dint of excessively hard work, long hours, and self-denial, this smallholder's son rose from the position of a draper's assistant via well-to-do shop-owner, to become a rich property-owner and sought-after lender to the moneyed residents and visitors of Harrogate. However, his extreme and pecunious personal habits drew the attention of local people, who saw him pay in full for buildings and land, but deny himself and his family the comforts of life, and hoard and recycle waste material to make pennies, alongside the great profits he made in his primary occupations.

After Turner's death his biography, comparing him to the miser Daniel Dancer, was printed and copied in the Press, and around the same time his life – and perhaps his legacy – was celebrated with an expensive stone memorial, in Grove Road Cemetery, Harrogate.

Miser
A miser /ˈmaɪzər/ is a person who is reluctant to spend money, sometimes to the point of forgoing even basic comforts and some necessities, in order to hoard money or other possessions.  Although the word is sometimes used loosely to characterise anyone who is mean with their money, if such behaviour is not accompanied by taking delight in what is saved, it is not properly miserly.

Misers as a type have been a perennial object of popular fascination and a fruitful source for writers and artists in many cultures.
David Dacko
David Dacko (French pronunciation: [david dako]; 24 March 1930 – 20 November 2003) was a Central African politician who served as the first President of the Central African Republic from 14 August 1960 to 31 December 1965 and as the third President of the Central African Republic from 21 September 1979 to 1 September 1981. He also served as Prime Minister of the Central African Republic from 1 May 1959 to 14 August 1960. After his second removal from power in a coup d'état led by General André Kolingba, he pursued an active career as an opposition politician and presidential candidate with many loyal supporters; Dacko was an important political figure in the country for over 50 years.

Ubangi-Shari
7°N 20°E﻿ / ﻿7°N 20°E﻿ / 7; 20

Ubangi-Shari (French: Oubangui-Chari) was a French colony in central Africa, a part of French Equatorial Africa. It was named after the Ubangi and Chari rivers along which it was colonised.

Established on 29 December 1903 from the Upper Ubangi (Haut-Oubangui) and Upper Shari (Haut-Chari) territories of the French Congo, it was renamed the Central African Republic (CAR) on 1 December 1958, and gained independence on 13 August 1960.
Leech Lake, Minnesota
Leech Lake is an unincorporated community in Leech Lake Township, Cass County, Minnesota, United States. It is along State Highway 371 (MN 371) near 100th Street NW, Cass County Road 62. Nearby places include Walker, Laporte, and Steamboat Bay of Leech Lake.

Leech Lake
Leech Lake (translated from the Ojibwe language Gaa-zagaskwaajimekaag: Lake abundant with bloodsuckers) is a lake located in north central Minnesota, United States. It is southeast of  Bemidji, located mainly within the Leech Lake Indian Reservation, and completely within the Chippewa National Forest. It is used as a reservoir. The lake is the third largest in Minnesota, covering 102,947.83 acres (416.6151 km2) with 195 miles (314 km) of shoreline and has a maximum depth of 156 feet (48 m).
The Hunchback of Notre Dame: Topsy Turvy Games
Disney's The Hunchback of Notre Dame: Topsy Turvy Games is a 1996 party game developed by 7th Level and published by Disney Interactive Studios for Microsoft Windows. It was released on August 13, 1996. It was the second and final title in Disney's short-lived Gamebreak series following Timon and Pumbaa's Jungle Games (1995). A Game Boy port, titled as Disney's The Hunchback of Notre Dame: 5 Foolishly Fun Topsy Turvy Games, was developed by Tiertex and published by THQ. It had Super Game Boy support and was released in North America in March 1997.

The video game was based on the film The Hunchback of Notre Dame and features a collection of mini-games based on the Festival of Fools.

Party video game
A party video game is a genre of video game that stems from in-person party games, involving player-to-player interaction as the central gameplay element. These games are often defined by simple controls which can be easily picked up and understood by players of any skill level.

Party video games generally consist of short-term experiences which may be played in succession, and are sometimes characterized in the form of minigames. These experiences may be played singularly or in a group, and usually feature several players competing simultaneously.
Hexadecanal dehydrogenase (acylating)
In enzymology, a hexadecanal dehydrogenase (acylating) (EC 1.2.1.42) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

hexadecanal + CoA + NAD+  hexadecanoyl-CoA + NADH + H+

The 3 substrates of this enzyme are hexadecanal, CoA, and NAD+, whereas its 3 products are hexadecanoyl-CoA, NADH, and H+.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donor with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is hexadecanal:NAD+ oxidoreductase (CoA-acylating). This enzyme is also called fatty acyl-CoA reductase.

Oxidoreductase
In biochemistry, an oxidoreductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from one molecule, the reductant, also called the electron donor, to another, the oxidant, also called the electron acceptor. This group of enzymes usually utilizes NADP+ or NAD+ as cofactors. Transmembrane oxidoreductases create electron transport chains in bacteria, chloroplasts and mitochondria, including respiratory complexes I, II and III. Some others can associate with biological membranes as peripheral membrane proteins or be anchored to the membranes through a single transmembrane helix.
Radio-frequency microelectromechanical system
A radio-frequency microelectromechanical system (RF MEMS) is a microelectromechanical system with electronic components comprising moving sub-millimeter-sized parts that provide radio-frequency (RF) functionality. RF functionality can be implemented using a variety of RF technologies. Besides RF MEMS technology, III-V compound semiconductor (GaAs, GaN, InP, InSb), ferrite, ferroelectric, silicon-based semiconductor (RF CMOS, SiC and SiGe), and vacuum tube technology are available to the RF designer. Each of the RF technologies offers a distinct trade-off between cost, frequency, gain, large-scale integration, lifetime, linearity, noise figure, packaging, power handling, power consumption, reliability, ruggedness, size, supply voltage, switching time and weight.

Silicon–germanium
SiGe (/ˈsɪɡiː/ or /ˈsaɪdʒiː/), or silicon–germanium, is an alloy with any molar ratio of silicon and germanium, i.e. with a molecular formula of the form Si1−xGex. It is commonly used as a semiconductor material in integrated circuits (ICs) for heterojunction bipolar transistors or as a strain-inducing layer for CMOS transistors.  IBM introduced the technology into mainstream manufacturing in 1989. This relatively new technology offers opportunities in mixed-signal circuit and analog circuit IC design and manufacture. SiGe is also used as a thermoelectric material for high-temperature applications (>700 K).
Buicken – store gutter gråter ikke
Buicken – store gutter gråter ikke (English: The Buick – big boys don't cry) is a 1991 Norwegian drama film written and directed by Hans Otto Nicolaysen, starring Lasse Lindtner and Helge Jordal.

The two brothers Ken (Lindtner) and Bent (Jordal) are separated at an early age, when their parents divorce. When they meet again as adults, Ken is a successful businessman, while Bent is a factory worker and labour leader. Bent's glass work factory is in trouble, and Ken steps in and finds new investors. One year later Ken returns to the city, to find that Bent has been fired and has left his wife. He visits the remote summerhouse where Bent has moved out. Here he finds a diary, a giant pile of driftwood and Bent's crashed Buick, but no Bent.

Buick
Buick (/ˈbjuːɪk/; BYOO-ik) is a division of the American automobile manufacturer, General Motors (GM). Started by automotive pioneer David Dunbar Buick in 1899, it was among the first American automobile brands and was the company that established General Motors in 1908. Before the establishment of General Motors, GM founder William C. Durant had served as Buick's general manager and major investor. With the demise of Oldsmobile in 2004, Buick became the oldest surviving American carmaker. Buick is positioned as a premium automobile brand, selling vehicles positioned below the flagship luxury Cadillac division.
Land disposal unit
A land disposal unit, or LDU, is a site in which hazardous waste is remedied through natural and man-made processes.
"Land disposal" of hazardous waste is defined in the U.S. Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). Types of LDUs for hazardous waste disposal:

Landfill

Surface impoundment

Waste pile

Land treatment unit

Injection well

Salt dome formation

Salt bed formation

Mine

Cave.

Ash pond
An ash pond, also called a coal-ash basin or surface impoundment, is an engineered structure used at coal-fired power stations for the disposal of two types of coal combustion products: bottom ash and fly ash. The pond is used as a landfill to prevent the release of ash into the atmosphere. Although the use of ash ponds in combination with air-pollution controls (such as wet scrubbers) decreases the amount of airborne pollutants, the structures pose serious health risks for the surrounding environment.

Ash ponds use gravity to settle out large particulates (measured as total suspended solids) from power-plant wastewater. This technology does not treat dissolved pollutants. The ponds generally have not been built as lined landfills; therefore, chemicals in the ash can leach into groundwater and surface waters, accumulating in the biomass of the system.
Georgia Woodlands Railroad
The Georgia Woodlands Railroad (reporting mark GWRC) operates 17.3 miles (27.8 km) of track between Washington, Georgia, and Barnett, Georgia. Originally a subsidiary of the Chicago West Pullman Transportation Corporation, it was acquired by OmniTRAX in 1992.

Primary commodities include woodchips, lumber products, butane, and plastics, generating 570 annual carloads. The railroad interchanges with CSX Transportation at Barnett.

Woodchips
Woodchips are small- to medium-sized pieces of wood formed by cutting or chipping larger pieces of wood such as trees, branches, logging residues, stumps, roots, and wood waste.

Woodchips may be used as a biomass solid fuel and are raw material for producing wood pulp. They may also be used as an organic mulch in gardening, landscaping, and ecosystem restoration; in bioreactors for denitrification; and as a substrate for mushroom cultivation.

The process of making woodchips is called wood chipping and is done using a wood chipper. The types of woodchips formed following chipping is dependent on the type of wood chipper used and the material from which they are made. Woodchip varieties include: forest chips (from forested areas), wood residue chips (from untreated wood residues, recycled wood and off-cuts), sawing residue chips (from sawmill residues), and short rotation forestry chips (from energy crops).
Pristava, Nova Gorica
Pristava (pronounced [pɾiˈstaːʋa]; Italian: Prestava, Friulian: Rafût, German: Prestau), also known locally as Rafut (pronounced [ɾaˈfuːt]), is one of the four suburbs of the town of Nova Gorica in the Gorizia region of western Slovenia (the other three are Solkan, Rožna Dolina, and Kromberk).

Between the late 18th century and 1947, it used to be a suburb of the town of Gorizia (now in Italy). When the city was partitioned in 1947, most of the city center remained in Italy, while its eastern suburbs were annexed to Yugoslavia. Part of Pristava (Rafut) remained in Italy, and while part of it became part of Slovenia. In some cases, the border was drawn literally between individual houses. Until Slovenia's entry into the Schengen zone in 2007, a local border crossing operated in Pristava.

The Kostanjevica Monastery, in which Charles X of France is buried, is located on a hill above the settlement.

Socialist Republic of Slovenia
The Socialist Republic of Slovenia (Slovene: Socialistična republika Slovenija, Serbo-Croatian: Socijalistička Republika Slovenija / Социјалистичка Република Словенија), commonly referred to as Socialist Slovenia or simply Slovenia, was one of the six federal republics forming Yugoslavia and the nation state of the Slovenes. It existed under various names from its creation on 29 November 1945 until 25 June 1991.

In early 1990, the government dismantled the single-party system of government – installed by the League of Communists – and adopted a multi-party democracy. Republic of Slovenia dropped the 'Socialist' label shortly after and in late 1990 cast a successful public vote for independence, which it formally declared on 25 June 1991 and achieved after the brief Ten-Day War.
Leinfelden-Echterdingen
Leinfelden-Echterdingen (German pronunciation: [ˈlaɪnfɛldn̩ ˈɛçtɐdɪŋən]; Swabian: Laefälda-Ächdordeng) is a town in the district of Esslingen, in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is located approximately 10 km south of Stuttgart, near the Stuttgart Airport and directly adjacent to the newly built Stuttgart Trade Fair. The town was formed on 1 January 1975 by the merging of four former municipalities: Leinfelden, Echterdingen, Musberg and Stetten auf den Fildern. Zeppelin LZ 4 caught fire and burned out in Echterdingen in August 1908.

Messe Stuttgart convention center
48°41′37″N 9°11′13″E﻿ / ﻿48.69361°N 9.18694°E﻿ / 48.69361; 9.18694

Messe Stuttgart is a convention center next to Stuttgart Airport, 12 km south of Stuttgart, Germany.  It is the ninth-biggest convention center in Germany.

The new Messe Stuttgart site, completed in 2007, is right next to the A8  autobahn (highway). The center is accessible from Stuttgart Flughafen/Messe station on the local suburban railway network. Buses also travel to Messe Stuttgart from nearby Esslingen, Göppingen, Reutlingen and Tübingen. There are plans to link Messe Stuttgart and Stuttgart airport to the proposed Stuttgart–Wendlingen high-speed railway between Stuttgart and Ulm by 2019 as part of the Stuttgart 21 Project.
Canton of Plaisir
The canton of Plaisir is an administrative division of the Yvelines department, northern France. Its borders were modified at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Plaisir.

It consists of the following communes:

Beynes

Les Clayes-sous-Bois

Plaisir

Thiverval-Grignon

Les Clayes-sous-Bois
Les Clayes-sous-Bois (French pronunciation: [le klɛ su bwa] ⓘ) is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France. It is located in the western suburbs of Paris 26.7 km (16.6 mi) from the center. The Clayes-sous-Bois inhabitants are called "Clétiens" (possibly translated "Cletians").
Sergey Fedosienko
Sergey Alexeyevich Fedosienko (Russian: Сергей Алексеевич Федосиенко; born 31 July 1982) is a Russian powerlifter. Fedosienko has won 15 gold medals at the world equipped championships and 7 gold medals at the world classic (raw) championships in the IPF. Fedosienko has also won two World Games gold medals in 2013 and 2017.

Fedosienko is 1.46 metres, or 4'8", tall.

In 2005, Fedosienko failed a doping test and received a 2-year ban. He was stripped of his gold medal at the 2005 European Powerlifting Championships.

In 2022, Russia was banned from competing in the European and International Powerlifting Federations due to declaring war on Ukraine. Due to Fedosienko residing in Russia, this would end his 12-year streak as a world champion and be stripped from competing at the 2022 World Games.

2022 World Games
The 2022 World Games, also known as Birmingham 2022,  were an international multi-sport event held from July 7 to 17, 2022, in Birmingham, Alabama, United States. They were the 11th World Games, a multi-sport event featuring disciplines of Olympic sports and other competitions that are not currently contested at the Olympic Games; the Games featured 3,457 athletes competing in 223 medal events over 34 total sports.

They were originally scheduled to be held from July 29 to August 8, 2021, but were postponed by one year due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the postponement of the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo to 2021. They were the second edition of the World Games to be hosted by the United States since their inaugural edition in 1981.
Western Pacific Airlines
Western Pacific Airlines, or WestPac, was an airline which operated in the United States from 1995 to 1998.  A low-cost carrier, it was formed in 1994 under the name Commercial Air, later changed to Western Pacific, and began operating scheduled passenger flights on April 28, 1995, with eight Boeing 737-300s.  Edward Gaylord of Gaylord Entertainment Company was involved in the formation and management of the airline. Its headquarters were in unincorporated El Paso County, Colorado, near Colorado Springs.

Originally based at Colorado Springs Airport, Western Pacific routes were mainly west of the Mississippi River. Routes were extended to the eastern U.S. and on the west coast as new Boeing 737-300 aircraft were acquired. At one point the airline operated leased Boeing 727-200 jetliners as well. The airline declared bankruptcy in February 1998 and ceased operations.

Stapleton International Airport
Stapleton International Airport (IATA: DEN, ICAO: KDEN, FAA LID: DEN) was a major airport in the western United States, and the primary airport of Denver, Colorado. It opened on October 17, 1929, and was replaced by Denver International Airport in 1995.

It was a hub for Continental Airlines, the original Frontier Airlines, People Express, United Airlines, and Western Airlines. Other airlines with smaller operations at Stapleton included Aspen Airways, today’s Frontier Airlines, and Rocky Mountain Airways, all three being based in Denver at the time.

Stapleton International Airport was replaced by Denver International Airport in 1995; it was closed and the property redeveloped as the commercial and residential neighborhood of Central Park, which was named Stapleton until 2020. The Stapleton International Airport codes were transferred to the new airport, which continues to use them today.
Salt water chlorination
Salt water chlorination is a process that uses dissolved salt (1000–4000 ppm or 1–4 g/L) for the chlorination of swimming pools and hot tubs. The chlorine generator (also known as salt cell, salt generator, salt chlorinator, or SWG) uses electrolysis in the presence of dissolved salt to produce chlorine gas or its dissolved forms, hypochlorous acid and sodium hypochlorite, which are already commonly used as sanitizing agents in pools. Hydrogen is produced as byproduct too.

Electrolysis
In chemistry and manufacturing, electrolysis is a technique that uses direct electric current (DC) to drive an otherwise non-spontaneous chemical reaction. Electrolysis is commercially important as a stage in the separation of elements from naturally occurring sources such as ores using an electrolytic cell. The voltage that is needed for electrolysis to occur is called the decomposition potential. The word "lysis" means to separate or break, so in terms, electrolysis would mean "breakdown via electricity."
Řečice (Blatná)
Řečice is a village in the district of Strakonice, in the South Bohemian Region, the Czech Republic. It is located approximately 2.5 km northwest of Blatná. There are 22 addresses registered in the village. As of 2011, the village had a population of 49. Petra Kuparová was the chairperson of the settlement committee as of 2022.

There are two ponds nearby the village, Hajanský pond with an area of 18.6 ha and Řečický pond near Malá Řečice. The village is known for the stonecutting tradition of the Blatná region, with both abandoned and functioning quarries mining Blatná-type granodiorite.

Granodiorite
Granodiorite (/ˌɡrænoʊˈdaɪ.əraɪt, ˌɡrænəˈ-/ GRAN-oh-DY-ə-ryte, GRAN-ə-) is a coarse-grained (phaneritic) intrusive igneous rock similar to granite, but containing more plagioclase feldspar than orthoclase feldspar.

The term banatite is sometimes used informally for various rocks ranging from granite to diorite, including granodiorite. The term granodiorite was first used by G. F. Becker (1893) to describe granitic rocks in the Sierra Nevada, United States.
Dendi (woreda)
Dendi is a woreda in Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Part of the West Shewa Zone, Dendi is bordered on the south by the Southwest Shewa Zone, on the west by Naannawa Ambo, on the north by Jeldu, and on the east by Ejerie. The administrative center of this woreda is Ginchi; other towns in Dendi include Olonkomi. Elfata Aanaa was separated from Dendi.

West Shewa Zone
West Shewa Zone (Oromo: Shawaa Lixaa/Dhihaa) is a zone in Oromia Region of Ethiopia. This zone takes its name from the kingdom or former province of Shewa. West Shewa is bordered on the south by the Southwest Shewa Zone and the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Region, on the southwest by Jimma, on the west by East Welega Zone, on the northwest by Horo Gudru Welega Zone, on the north by the Amhara Region, on the northeast by North Shewa, and on the east by Oromia Special Zone Surrounding Addis Abeba. Its highest point is Mount Wenchi (3386 meters); other notable peaks include Mount Mengesha and Mount Wechacha. Towns and cities in West Shewa include Ambo.

Between 2002 and 2005, a number of districts were separated from West Shewa to create South West Shewa Zone.
Third letter of Hernán Cortés to the Emperor Charles V
The Third Letter of Relation (Tercera Carta de relación) of Hernán Cortés to the Emperor Carlos V is one of five letters written by the Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés to the emperor Carlos V, sent with the intention of informing Carlos V of the territories discovered and their conquest; it was signed on 15 May 1522 in Coyoacán. The letter describes part of the expedition to the New World, the conquest of Tenochtitlán and the destruction of the city, covering the events from 1520 until the final conquests in 1522.

Tenochtitlan
Tenochtitlan, also known as Mexico-Tenochtitlan, was a large Mexican altepetl in what is now the historic center of Mexico City. The exact date of the founding of the city is unclear, but the date 13 March 1325 was chosen in 1925 to celebrate the 600th anniversary of the city. The city was built on an island in what was then Lake Texcoco in the Valley of Mexico. The city was the capital of the expanding Aztec Empire in the 15th century until it was captured by the Tlaxcaltec and the Spanish in 1521.

At its peak, it was the largest city in the pre-Columbian Americas. It subsequently became a cabecera of the Viceroyalty of New Spain.  Today, the ruins of Tenochtitlan are in the historic center of the Mexican capital. The World Heritage Site of Xochimilco contains what remains of the geography (water, boats, floating gardens) of the Mexica capital.

Tenochtitlan was one of two Mexica āltepētl (city-states or polities) on the island, the other being Tlatelolco.