hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
William of Apulia
William of Apulia (Latin: Guillelmus Apuliensis) was a poet and chronicler of the Normans, writing in the 1090s. His Latin epic, Gesta Roberti Wiscardi ("The Deeds of Robert Guiscard"), written in hexameters, is one of the principal contemporary sources for the Norman conquest of southern Italy, especially the career of Robert Guiscard, Duke of Apulia (1059–1085).

County of Apulia and Calabria
The County of Apulia and Calabria (Latin: Comitatus Apuliae et Calabriae), later the Duchy of Apulia and Calabria (Latin: Ducatus Apuliae et Calabriae), was a Norman state founded by William of Hauteville in 1043, composed of the territories of Gargano, Capitanata, Apulia, Vulture, and most of Campania. It became a duchy when Robert Guiscard was raised to the rank of duke by Pope Nicholas II in 1059.

The duchy was disestablished in 1130, when the last duke of Apulia and Calabria, Roger II, became King of Sicily. The title of duke was thereafter used intermittently as a title for the heir apparent to the Kingdom of Sicily.
Philip Cecil
Philip Henry Cecil (27 July 1918 – 11 March 1977) was the Dean of Belize from 1948 to 1951.

Lewis was educated at King Edward VII School, Sheffield, the City of London School, King's College London and Westcott House, Cambridge. He was ordained Deacon in 1941, and Priest in 1942. After a curacy in Leeds he was Precentor and Sacrist at Durham Cathedral then Dean of Belize. On his return from British Honduras he held incumbencies in London, Wormley and Bushey Heath. From 1963 to 1967 he was Principal of Bishop's College, Cheshunt. After this he was Vicar of Cockayne Hatley until 1972 when he became a Residentiary Canon (and Treasurer) of Peterborough Cathedral.

Leeds Minster
Leeds Minster, also known as the Minster and Parish Church of Saint Peter-at-Leeds (formerly Leeds Parish Church), is the minster church of Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. It stands on the site of the oldest church in the city and is of architectural and liturgical significance. A church is recorded on the site as early as the 7th century, although the present structure is a Gothic Revival one, designed by Robert Dennis Chantrell and completed in 1841. It is dedicated to Saint Peter and was the Parish Church of Leeds before receiving the honorific title of "Minster" in 2012. It has been designated a Grade I listed building by Historic England.
August Nathanael Grischow
August Nathanael Grischow (29 September 1726 in Berlin – 4 June 1760 in Saint Petersburg) was a German mathematician and astronomer. He was the son of the mathematician and meteorologist. From 1745 until 1749 Augustin Nathanael Grischow was Director of the old Berlin Observatory. In 1749 he became a Member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences. In 1750 he became Professor of Optics at the Berlin Academy of Arts. In 1751 he gave up this post in order to become Professor of Astronomy and Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Saint Petersburg. There he concerned himself mainly with the theory of the parallax of celestial objects, primarily the Moon.

Astronomical object
An astronomical object, celestial object, stellar object or heavenly object is a naturally occurring physical entity, association, or structure that exists within the universe. In astronomy, the terms object and body are often used interchangeably. However, an astronomical body, celestial body or heavenly body is a single, tightly bound, contiguous physical object, while an astronomical or celestial object admits a more complex, less cohesively bound structure, which may consist of multiple bodies or even other objects with substructures.

Examples of astronomical objects include planetary systems, star clusters, nebulae, and galaxies, while asteroids, moons, planets, and stars are astronomical bodies. A comet may be identified as both a body and an object: It is a body when referring to the frozen nucleus of ice and dust, and an object when describing the entire comet with its diffuse coma and tail.
Symmetric function
In mathematics, a function of  variables is symmetric if its value is the same no matter the order of its arguments. For example, a function  of two arguments is a symmetric function if and only if  for all  and  such that  and  are in the domain of  The most commonly encountered symmetric functions are polynomial functions, which are given by the symmetric polynomials.

A related notion is alternating polynomials, which change sign under an interchange of variables. Aside from polynomial functions, tensors that act as functions of several vectors can be symmetric, and in fact the space of symmetric -tensors on a vector space  is isomorphic to the space of homogeneous polynomials of degree  on  Symmetric functions should not be confused with even and odd functions, which have a different sort of symmetry.

Symmetric tensor
In mathematics, a symmetric tensor is an unmixed tensor that is invariant under a permutation of its vector arguments:

for every permutation σ of the symbols {1, 2, ..., r}.  Alternatively, a symmetric tensor of order r represented in coordinates as a quantity with r indices satisfies

The space of symmetric tensors of order r on a finite-dimensional vector space V is naturally isomorphic to the dual of the space of homogeneous polynomials of degree r on V.  Over fields of characteristic zero, the graded vector space of all symmetric tensors can be naturally identified with the symmetric algebra on V. A related concept is that of the antisymmetric tensor or alternating form. Symmetric tensors occur widely in engineering, physics and mathematics.
American Aircraft Penetrator
The American Aircraft Penetrator, now referred as the Aerocraft Stealth Star 204 SS, was a gunship helicopter modified from the Bell UH-1B Iroquois with tandem seating for the pilots and a troop-carrying compartment.

Lycoming T53
The Lycoming T53, (company designation LTC-1) is a turboshaft engine used on  helicopters and (as a turboprop) fixed-wing aircraft since the 1950s. It was designed at the Lycoming Turbine Engine Division in Stratford, Connecticut, by a team headed by Anselm Franz, who was the chief designer of the Junkers Jumo 004 during World War II.

A much larger engine, similar in overall design, became the Lycoming T55 produced by Honeywell Aerospace. The T53 model is produced by Ozark Aeroworks LLC.
Scavenger (album)
Scavenger is the fourth studio album by The Walkabouts released September 1, 1991, on Sub Pop Records. It received national exposure in the United States through NPR. The album is available in various forms (CD, cassette, digital download) from Amazon.com and as digital download from iTunes Store in the US and the United Kingdom among others.

Scavenger was produced by Gary Smith and features guest appearances by Brian Eno and Natalie Merchant.

Sub Pop
Sub Pop is an independent record label founded in 1986 in Seattle by Bruce Pavitt and Jonathan Poneman. Sub Pop achieved fame in the early 1990s for signing Seattle bands such as Nirvana, Soundgarden, and Mudhoney, central players in the grunge movement. They are often credited with helping popularize grunge music. The label's roster includes Fleet Foxes, Tad, Beach House, The Postal Service, Sleater-Kinney, Flight of the Conchords, Foals, Blitzen Trapper, Father John Misty, clipping., Shabazz Palaces, Weyes Blood, Guerilla Toss, Bully,  La Luz, Low, METZ, Rolling Blackouts Coastal Fever, Kiwi Jr., Built to Spill, TV Priest and The Shins. In 1995, the owners of Sub Pop sold a 49% stake of the label to the Warner Music Group.
Battle of Blackpool Sands
The Battle of Blackpool Sands was the result of an attempted French raid on the port of Dartmouth, South Devon, England, in April or May 1404. Local forces defeated the raiders, taking a number of prisoners and killing the French commander, William du Chastel.

Dartmouth, Devon
Dartmouth (/ˈdɑːrtməθ/) is a town and civil parish in the English county of Devon. It is a tourist destination set on the western bank of the estuary of the River Dart, which is a long narrow tidal ria that runs inland as far as Totnes. It lies within the South Devon Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty and South Hams district, and had a population of 5,512 in 2001, reducing to 5,064 at the 2011 census. There are two electoral wards in the Dartmouth area (Townstal & Kingswear). Their combined population at the above census was 6,822.
Macaduma strongyla
Macaduma strongyla is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Alfred Jefferis Turner in 1922. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from Queensland and New South Wales.

The wingspan is about 30 mm. The forewings grey brown and the hindwings are brown.

Arctiinae
The Arctiinae (formerly called the family Arctiidae) are a large and diverse subfamily of moths with around 11,000 species found all over the world, including 6,000 neotropical species. This subfamily includes the groups commonly known as tiger moths (or tigers), which usually have bright colours, footmen, which are usually much drabber, lichen moths, and wasp moths. Many species have "hairy" caterpillars that are popularly known as woolly bears or woolly worms. The scientific name Arctiinae refers to this hairiness (Gk. αρκτος = a bear). Some species within the Arctiinae have the word "tussock"' in their common names because they have been misidentified as members of the Lymantriinae subfamily based on the characteristics of the larvae.
HMS Narborough
Two ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Narborough, after Rear-Admiral Sir John Narborough. A third was planned, but renamed shortly before being launched:

HMS Narborough was to have been a Talisman-class destroyer, originally built for the Turkish Navy but taken over as HMS Narborough, later renamed HMS Termagant and launched in 1915. She was sold in 1921.

HMS Narborough (1916) was an Admiralty M-class destroyer launched in 1916 and wrecked in 1918.

HMS Narborough (K578) was a Captain-class frigate launched in 1943 under lend-lease, and returned to the US Navy in 1946.

HMS Narborough (K578)
The second HMS Narborough (K578) was a British Captain-class frigate of the Royal Navy in commission during World War II. Originally constructed as a United States Navy Buckley class destroyer escort, she served in the Royal Navy from 1944 to 1946.
Army Forces Command (Germany)
50°22′20″N 7°35′00″E﻿ / ﻿50.37222°N 7.58333°E﻿ / 50.37222; 7.58333

The Army Forces Command (German: Heeresführungskommando) in Falckenstein Barracks in Koblenz was one of the two leadership pillars of the German Army, together with the German Army Office, before it was merged into the Army Command (Kommando Heer).

Since 1994, Army Forces Command, as a higher command authority, has directed the majority of military units within the Army. However, army troops on operations abroad are commanded by the Bundeswehr Operations Command of the Bundeswehr based at Potsdam. At its merger in 2012 Army Forces Command had about 83,500 soldiers in its subordinate organisations. Army Forces Command was last led by Lt. Gen. Carl-Hubertus von Butler and reports to the German General Staff.

13th Panzergrenadier Division (Bundeswehr)
The 13th Panzergrenadier Division (13. Panzergrenadierdivision) was a mechanized division of the German Army. Its staff was based at Leipzig. The division was a unit of the German Army's stabilization forces and specialized on conflicts of low intensity and homeland defense. The division was Germany's permanent contribution to Multinational Corps North East.
Micklethwait
Micklethwait is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Frances Micklethwait (1867–1950), English chemist

Frederick Micklethwait (1817–1878), English lawyer and cricketer

John Micklethwait (born 1962), British journalist

Sotherton Micklethwait (1823–1889), English Anglican priest and cricketer

William Micklethwait (1885–1947), English cricketer

John Micklethwait
Richard John Micklethwait CBE (born 11 August 1962) is an English journalist who is the editor-in-chief of Bloomberg News, a position he has held since February 2015. He was previously the editor-in-chief of The Economist from 2006 to 2015.
Cornwall County, Province of New York
Cornwall County was a county of the former Province of New York, established on September 5, 1665 from 25,100 square miles (65,000 km2) of land that had been granted to the Duke of York in modern Maine. As established, the grant ran all the way from the St. Lawrence River to the Atlantic Ocean, between the Kennebec and St. Croix rivers, and produced what today is most of Aroostook, Piscataquis, Washington, Hancock, Penobscot, Waldo, Knox, Lincoln, Kennebec, Somerset, and Sagadahoc counties.

St. Croix River (Maine–New Brunswick)
The St. Croix River (French: Fleuve Sainte-Croix; Maliseet-Passamaquoddy: Skutik) is a river in northeastern North America, 71 miles (114 km) in length, that forms part of the Canada–United States border between Maine (U.S.) and New Brunswick (Canada). The river rises in the Chiputneticook Lakes and flows south and southeast, between Calais and St. Stephen. It discharges into Passamaquoddy Bay, in the Bay of Fundy.
Apostolic Vicariate of Puerto Leguízamo-Solano
The Apostolic Vicariate of Puerto Leguízamo-Solano (Latin: Apostolicus Vicariatus Portus Leguizamensis-Solanensis) is a Latin missionary pre-diocesan jurisdiction of the Catholic Church in southern Colombia.

It is exempt, i.e. directly dependent on the Holy See, not part of any ecclesiastical province.

Its cathedral episcopal see is Catedral Nuestra Señora del Carmen, dedicated to Our Lady of Mount Carmel, located in the town of Puerto Leguízamo, in Putumayo department.

Putumayo Department
Putumayo (Spanish pronunciation: [putuˈmaʝo]) is a department of Southern Colombia.  It is in the south-west of the country, bordering Ecuador and Peru.  Its capital is Mocoa.

The word putumayo comes from the Quechua languages.  The verb p'utuy means "to spring forth" or "to burst out", and mayu means river.  Thus it means "gushing river".
Halbstarke
Halbstarke (German: [ˈhalpʃtaʁkə], lit. "half-strengths", loosely "greaser" or "rocker") is a German term describing a postwar-period subculture of adolescents – mostly male and of working class parents – that appeared in public in an aggressive and provocative way during the 1950s in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. In German, the term is still in use today for young, aggressive, mostly male adolescents.

Rocker (subculture)
Rockers (also known as leather boys and ton-up boys) are members or followers of a rock and roll and biker subculture that originated in the United Kingdom during the late 1950s and remained popular in the 1960s, especially among youths.  Rockers who rode bikes were widely known as ton-up boys for achieving a speed of 100 mph (miles per hour). By 1965, the term greaser had also been introduced to Great Britain and, since then, the terms greaser and rocker have become synonymous within the British Isles, although used differently in North America and elsewhere. Rockers were also derisively known as coffee bar cowboys. Their Japanese counterpart was called the kaminari-zoku (thunder tribe/clan/group, or thunderers).
Rönström
Rönström is a Swedish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anna Rönström (1847–1920), Swedish educator

Gunnar Rönström (1884–1941), Swedish track and field athlete

Eva Rönström (1932–2021), Swedish gymnast

Anna Rönström
Anna Rönström (1847–1920) was a Swedish educator. She was a local pioneer of female education in Lund, and the founder of the secondary education school Högre Elementarskolan i Lund (Higher Elementary School in Lund) for girls, also customarily known as Rönströmska skolan (Rönström School).
Sinocyclocheilus guanyangensis
Sinocyclocheilus guanyangensis is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish from the family Cyprinidae. It is endemic to the Li-Jiang Basin in Guanyang County in Guanxi. It has vestigial eyes, a conical snout and lacks a hump at the back of the head.

Li River
The Li River or Li Jiang (Chinese: 漓江; pinyin: Lí Jiāng) is the name for the upper reaches of the Gui River in northeastern Guangxi, China. It is part of the Xijiang River system in the Pearl River basin, flowing 164 kilometres (102 mi) from Xing'an County to Pingle County.
Extreme Aggression
Extreme Aggression is the fourth studio album by German thrash metal band Kreator released in 1989. While the band had already gained a sizeable following in the US due to their 1988 tour with the crossover thrash band D.R.I., this album introduced many American fans to Kreator, primarily through heavy rotation of the "Betrayer" music video on MTV's Headbangers Ball, which was partly shot at the Acropolis in Athens, Greece. The beginning of the song "Love Us or Hate Us" was used in an early 1990s promo ad by the Los Angeles radio station KNAC. This was their first album issued in the US by Epic Records. The album was also available on picture disc vinyl.

The album's original artwork was that of a man standing in front of a bathroom mirror looking at the reflection of his face falling off, exposing Kreator's mascot demon underneath. However, it was quickly replaced with a new artwork, depicting an image of the band in front of an orange background.

Acropolis
An acropolis was the settlement of an upper part of an ancient Greek city, especially a citadel, and frequently a hill with precipitous sides, mainly chosen for purposes of defense. The term is typically used to refer to the Acropolis of Athens, yet nearly every Greek city had an acropolis of its own. Acropolises were used as religious centers and places of worship, forts, and places in which the royal and high-status resided. Acropolises became the nuclei of large cities of classical ancient times, and served as important centers of a community. Some well-known acropolises have become the centers of tourism in the present day, and they are a rich source of archaeological information of ancient Greece, especially, the Acropolis of Athens.
Mass Ave Cultural Arts District
The Mass Ave Cultural Arts District, colloquially known as Mass Ave, is a designated cultural district in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. The district centers on 0.86 miles (1.38 km) of its namesake Massachusetts Avenue, from its southern terminus at New York and Delaware streets to its northern terminus at Bellefontaine Street. The avenue is one of the four original diagonal streets included in Alexander Ralston's plan of 1821. Mass Ave also contains the Massachusetts Avenue Commercial District, a historic district included on the National Register of Historic Places since 1982.

Beginning in the 1990s, redevelopment helped propel the area from squalor to one of the city's more fashionable addresses. Today it lies at the heart of the city's unofficial theater district, home to the Athenaeum and Old National Centre. Dozens of locally owned and operated boutiques, bars, restaurants, and commercial offices line the avenue.

Alexander Ralston
Alexander Ralston (1771 – January 5, 1827) was a Scottish-American surveyor who was one of two co-architects for the design of the city of Indianapolis, Indiana. He also helped to design Washington, D.C.
Hythe railway station (Romney, Hythe and Dymchurch Railway)
Hythe station is the northern terminus of the Romney, Hythe and Dymchurch Railway. The station has curved platforms with an overall roof, loco release road, former engine shed (now an independent engineering works), signalbox with 16 lever frame, and a turntable. In terms of passenger bookings Hythe is the busiest station on the railway.

Adjacent to the station the former station master's house is now a private residence. Situated between the station and the Royal Military Canal is The Light Railway Restaurant which was originally built by the railway company but sold before it was even completed. It was finally repurchased by the railway in February 2015.

The station is situated to the south of the town on the A259 road to Folkestone, and follows the same alignment as the Royal Military Canal.

The ancient Cinque Port offers shopping facilities with restaurants, cafes, pubs, banks, supermarkets, antique shops, general shops, swimming baths, gardens, parks and a seafront.

Train shed
A train shed is a building adjacent to a station building where the tracks and platforms of a railway station are covered by a roof. It is also known as an overall roof. It should not be confused with a carriage shed, whose primary purpose is to store and protect from the elements train cars not in use.

The first train shed was built in 1830 at Liverpool's Crown Street station.

The biggest train sheds were often built as an arch of glass and iron, while the smaller were built as normal pitched roofs.

The train shed with the biggest single span ever built was that at the second Philadelphia Broad Street station, built in 1891.
Martin Pearson
Martin Pearson (born 24 October 1971) is a former professional rugby league and rugby union footballer who played in the 1990s and 2000s. He played representative level rugby league (RL) for Wales, and at club level for Featherstone Rovers, Halifax (two spells), the Sheffield Eagles and the Wakefield Trinity Wildcats, as a goal-kicking fullback, centre, stand-off, or scrum-half, and club level rugby union in France for Pau and Toulon.

1992–93 Rugby Football League season
The 1992–93 Rugby Football League season was the 98th ever season of professional rugby league football in Britain. Sixteen teams competed from August, 1992 until May, 1993 for the Stones Bitter Championship, Premiership Trophy and Silk Cut Challenge Cup.
Car app
Car apps are a genre of software that offer a car and its driver abilities above what is built-in to the vehicle.  Examples of Third-party software for cars include allowing data input while moving,  traffic jam assistance, diagnostics and lane-keeping.

These pieces of software can be standalone or linked to the cars computers via the "OBD" (On-board diagnostics) port that is present in almost all cars made since the mid-1990s.

Traffic camera
A traffic camera is a video camera that observes vehicular traffic on a road. Typically, traffic cameras are put along major roads such as highways, freeways, expressways and arterial roads, and are connected by optical fibers buried alongside or under the road, with electricity provided either by mains power in urban areas, by solar panels or other alternative power sources, which provide consistent imagery without the threat of power outages. A monitoring center receives the live video in real-time, and serves as a dispatcher in the event of a traffic collision, some other disruptive incident, or a safety issue.
Jordy Reid
Jordy Reid (born 3 October 1991) is an Australian rugby union footballer who plays in the Premiership Rugby as a flanker for Gloucester.

Reid made his Melbourne Rebels debut against the Waratahs on 1 March 2013 where he was a 77th minute replacement for Caderyn Neville. His performances during his debut season saw him sign a new contract which will keep him in Melbourne until 2015.

In the summer of 2018, Reid travelled to England to join Ealing Trailfinders in the RFU Championship from the 2018–19 season.

On 20 February 2020, Reid has signed for Gloucester in the Premiership Rugby from the 2020–21 season. He has since signed a contract extension.

Champ Rugby
Champ Rugby (formerly the RFU Championship) is an English rugby union competition among fourteen clubs. It is the second level of men's English rugby and is played by both professional and semi-professional players. The competition has existed since 1987, when English clubs were first organised into leagues. Historically the competition provided automatic promotion to the top-flight PREM Rugby, but following a vote by the RFU Council on 27 February 2026, automatic promotion and relegation between the two tiers was abolished from the 2026–27 season. Champ Rugby remains a required pathway to the PREM under the new criteria-based expansion model, under which any club seeking admission to the PREM must first have played at least one season in the Champ.