hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nancy K. Nichols
Nancy K. Nichols (born 1942) is an applied mathematician and numerical analyst whose research concerns numerical methods for differential equations, linear algebra, and control theory, and data assimilation. She is a professor in the Department of Mathematics and Statistics at the University of Reading.

In 2012, a conference was held at Reading in honour of Nichols' 70th  birthday.
Nichols was elected as a Fellow of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics in 2014, "for contributions to the numerical analysis of systems, control, and data assimilation".

Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM) is a professional society dedicated to applied mathematics, computational science, and data science through research, publications, and community. SIAM is the world's largest scientific society devoted to applied mathematics, and roughly two-thirds of its membership resides within the United States. Founded in 1951, the organization began holding annual national meetings in 1954, and now hosts conferences, publishes books and scholarly journals, and engages in advocacy in issues of interest to its membership. Members include engineers, scientists, and mathematicians, both those employed in academia and those working in industry. The society supports educational institutions promoting applied mathematics.

SIAM is one of the four member organizations of the Joint Policy Board for Mathematics.
Folke Hjort
Folke Karl-Gustav Hjort (28 March 1934 – 3 July 1977) was a Swedish actor. A prolific theatre actor of his time, he is now most recognised for his role as Jossi in Olle Hellbom's adaption of The Brothers Lionheart.

He was born 28 March 1934 in Stockholm and grew up in Alingsås.

He collapsed and drowned 3 July 1977 in a diving accident at Lysekil during a diving trip in the archipelago outside Gothenburg, three months before the latter film's release, which was his last feature film.

Olle Hellbom
Nils Olof "Olle" Hellbom (8 October 1925 – 5 June 1982) was a Swedish film director, producer, and screenwriter. He is most famous for directing films based on novels by Astrid Lindgren. His 1960 film Alla vi barn i Bullerbyn was entered into the 2nd Moscow International Film Festival. In 1978 at the 14th Guldbagge Awards he won the award for Best Director for his film The Brothers Lionheart.

He died of stomach cancer.
Largest airlines in the world
The largest airline in the world can be measured in several ways. As of 2024, United Airlines was the largest in terms of available seat miles (ASM), revenue seat miles (RPM), mainline fleet size, the number of both mainline employees and destinations served; Delta Air Lines was the most valuable by revenue, assets, market capitalization, and brand value; American Airlines Group carries the most passengers and has the most employees when American Eagle is included; FedEx Express carries the most freight in tonne-kilometers; Southwest Airlines has the greatest number of routes; and Turkish Airlines serves the most countries.

United Airlines
United Airlines, Inc. is a major airline in the United States headquartered in Chicago, Illinois. It operates an extensive domestic and international route network across the United States and to destinations on six continents. Regional service is provided by independent carriers operating under the United Express brand, and the Star Alliance, of which United was one of the five founding airlines, extends its network throughout the world.

The principal figure behind the formation of the airline was William E. Boeing, founder of the Boeing Aircraft Company in 1916. He launched an air service between Victoria, British Columbia, and Seattle and later acquired three additional airlines, completing the merger by 1931 to form United Air Lines. Through successive mergers and acquisitions, United has remained one of the largest airlines in the world for much of its history.
Kampong Manggis
Kampong Manggis is a village in Brunei-Muara District, Brunei, as well as a neighbourhood in the capital Bandar Seri Begawan. The population was 4,229 in 2016. It is one of the villages within Mukim Berakas 'B'. The postcode is BC3615.

Villages of Brunei
A village (Malay: kampung or kampong) is the third and lowest administrative division of Brunei. It is headed by a village head (ketua kampung). Several villages are grouped together to form a mukim. A village is generally the traditional rural settlement, in particular in the sense of a kampong or Malay traditional village, but it may also be an urbanised settlement within or near the capital city or a town, or part of the public housing estates. The population varies from hundreds to a few thousands.
Contact explosive
A contact explosive is a chemical substance that explodes violently when it is exposed to a relatively small amount of energy (e.g. friction, pressure, sound, light). Though different contact explosives have varying amounts of energy sensitivity, they are all much more sensitive relative to other kinds of explosives. Contact explosives are a part of a group of explosives called primary explosives, which are also very sensitive to stimuli but not to the degree of contact explosives. The extreme sensitivity of contact explosives is due to either chemical composition, bond type, or structure.

Sound
Sound is a phenomenon in which pressure disturbances propagate through a transmission medium. In the context of physics, it is characterised as a mechanical wave of pressure or related quantities (e.g. displacement), whereas in physiological-psychological contexts it refers to the reception of such waves and their perception by the brain. Though sensitivity to sound varies among all organisms, the human ear is sensitive to frequencies ranging from 20 Hz to 20 kHz. Examples of the significance and application of sound include music, medical imaging techniques, oral language and parts of science.
Arndt Norrgård
Arndt Johan Norrgård (born 21 May 1942 in Helsinki) is a sailor from Finland. Norrgård represented his country at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Kiel. Norrgård took 12th place in the Soling with Peter Tallberg as helmsman and Johan Tallberg as fellow crew member.

Sailing at the 1972 Summer Olympics – Soling
The Soling was a sailing event on the Sailing at the 1972 Summer Olympics program in Kiel-Schilksee.  Seven races were scheduled. Only six races were sailed due to weather conditions. 80 sailors, on 26 boats, from 26 nations competed.
Dumitru Axinte
Dumitru Axinte (born May 9, 1952) is a former Romanian ice hockey player. He played for the Romanian national team at the 1976 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck, and the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid.

Lake Placid, New York
Lake Placid is a village in Essex County, New York, United States, within the Adirondack Mountains. Its population was 2,205 at the 2020 census. Lake Placid became known internationally for hosting the 1932 and the 1980 Winter Olympics. Lake Placid has also hosted the 1972 and 2023 Winter World University Games, as well as the 2000 Goodwill Winter Games. The village is near the center of the town of North Elba, 50 miles (80 km) southwest of Plattsburgh.
The Foundation (song)
"The Foundation" is the second single from Xzibit's debut album At the Speed of Life and also appeared on the soundtrack to the film Hurricane Streets. Xzibit dedicated this song to his one-year-old son.

The song's official music video (directed by Michael Lucero) shows footage of Xzibit and his son.

DJ Muggs of Cypress Hill produced the track. The single charted at number 58 on the Hot R&B Singles chart and number 16 on the Hot Rap Singles chart.

Hot Rap Songs
Hot Rap Songs (formerly known as Hot Rap Tracks and Hot Rap Singles) is a chart released weekly by Billboard in the United States. It lists the 25 most popular hip-hop/rap songs, calculated weekly by airplay on rhythmic and urban radio stations and sales in hip hop-focused or exclusive markets. Streaming data, digital downloads and All-Format radio stations were added to the methodology of determining chart rankings in 2012. From 1989 through 2001, it was based on how much the single sold in that given week.
2006 Heineken Open – Doubles
Yves Allegro and Michael Kohlmann were the defending champions, but Kohlmann did not participate this year.  Allegro partnered Stanislas Wawrinka, losing in the quarterfinals.

Andrei Pavel and Rogier Wassen won in the final 6–3, 5–7, [10–4], against Simon Aspelin and Todd Perry.

Yves Allegro
Yves Allegro (born 24 August 1978) is a retired Swiss professional tennis player. He is a doubles specialist and is well known as compatriot Roger Federer's doubles partner and friend. Allegro and Federer teamed up in doubles at the Australian Open in 2003 and 2004.

He played the Davis Cup for Switzerland from 2004 to 2010 alongside Roger Federer or Stan Wawrinka.

On 9 December 2019 at a hearing at the District Court of Sierra, Allegro received a two-year suspended sentence for sexual coercion. The offence occurred in October 2014 while in Tallinn, Estonia towards an ex-Austrian player. Allegro appealed the verdict.
A. A. Turki Group
The A. A. Turki Group of Companies (ATCO) is a Saudi Arabian conglomerate company that operate in diverse industries. The group is made up of several stand alone units.

The group covers areas such as automation and control, commercial trading and services, port management and marine services, civil and electromechanical construction, retail services, waste management, chemical cleaning, industrial services, manufacturing, transportation and logistics management, oil and gas products and services, catering and food services, turnkey dewatering systems, and environmental services.

Saudi Electricity Company
Saudi Electricity Company (Arabic: الشركة السعودية للكهرباء; SEC) is the Saudi electric energy company. It enjoys a near monopoly on the generation, transmission and distribution of electric power in Saudi Arabia through 45 power generation plants in the country. In 2019, SEC was ranked by Forbes as the 5th largest company in the Kingdom, and the 578th worldwide, with total annual sales of $17.1 billion.
Ngondoma Irrigation Scheme
Ngondoma Irrigation Scheme is located in Zhombe, Kwekwe District in Zimbabwe's Agro-Ecological Region Three. The average annual rainfall for the location is 550 mm. The scheme area is 44.4 4 hectares. 
Of the 179 farmers in the scheme, 134 are women. It comprises members from various villages, including villagers from Chief Njelele side, Gokwe District on the other side of Ngondoma River.

Gokwe region
The Gokwe Region consists of the land in the area around Gokwe centre that was formerly under the control of the Shangwe people, a Shona-speaking group, which lay in the northern part of the Midlands province of northwestern Zimbabwe, and is now broken up into Gokwe South District and Gokwe North District. A number of other groups live in the area, including the Tonga, and Ndebele.

Nkayi North District lies to the south. A researcher noted in 1998 "that the Nkayi-Gokwe border had hardened even before independence when Shona-speaking auxiliary forces had been recruited in Gokwe and used against Nkayi in explicitly tribal attacks".
Paseo de la Guerra
The Paseo de la Guerra is a complex of historic buildings in downtown Santa Barbara, California. Since 1977 it is listed (as El Paseo and Casa de la Guerra) in National Register of Historic Places. It is named for the Guerra family of California, a historically prominent Californio family in Santa Barbara.

It includes the Spanish Colonial architecture adobe Casa de la Guerra, the restored historic home of a Spanish Military Officer, Civil Servant, and Californio rancher José de la Guerra y Noriega on which construction begun in the 18th century.

Paseo de la Guerra became an artisan and shops arcade integrating the adobe in the mid-20th century, with Spanish Colonial Revival architecture by renowned local architect Lutah Maria Riggs, the associate of George Washington Smith.

Paseo de la Guerra continues as a major landmark and attraction, as a museum and boutique mall.

Adobe
Adobe (/əˈdoʊbi/ ⓘ ə-DOH-bee; Spanish: [aˈðoβe]; via Spanish, from Arabic  الطّوب (at-tūb)) is a building material made from loam and organic materials. Adobe is Spanish for mudbrick. In some English-speaking regions of Spanish heritage, such as the Southwestern United States, the term is used to refer to any kind of earthen construction, or various architectural styles like Pueblo Revival or Territorial Revival. Most adobe buildings are similar in appearance to cob and rammed earth buildings. Adobe is among the earliest building materials, and is used throughout the world.

Adobe architecture has been dated to before 5,100 BP.
Miguel Herrero y Rodríguez de Miñón
Miguel Herrero y Rodríguez de Miñón (born 18 June 1940) is a Spanish jurist and politician. A member of the Union of the Democratic Centre until 1982, then of People's Alliance and its successor, the People's Party, he is one of the "Fathers of the Constitution", the seven legislators who participating in the draft of the Spanish constitutional text passed in 1978.

Union of the Democratic Centre (Spain)
The Union of the Democratic Centre (Spanish: Unión de Centro Democrático, UCD, also translated as "Democratic Centre Union") was an electoral alliance, and later political party, in Spain, existing from 1977 to 1983. It was initially led by Adolfo Suárez (1977–1981) and then by Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo (1981–1982). It was dissolved in 1983 following ideological splits and member defections to other parties, such as the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party or the People's Alliance.
Ramaria botrytoides
Ramaria botrytoides is a species of coral fungus in the family Gomphaceae. First described by American mycologist Charles Horton Peck in 1905 as Clavaria botryoides, it was transferred to the genus Ramaria in 1950 by E.J.H. Corner. Found in the eastern United States, it resembles Ramaria botrytis, but can be most reliably distinguished from that species by the lack of longitudinal striations in its spores.

Clavarioid fungi
The clavarioid fungi are a group of fungi in the Basidiomycota typically having erect, simple or branched basidiocarps (fruit bodies) that are formed on the ground, on decaying vegetation, or on dead wood. They are colloquially called club fungi and coral fungi.

Originally such fungi were referred to the genus Clavaria ("clavarioid" means Clavaria-like), but it is now known that clavarioid species are not all closely related. Since they are often studied as a group, it is convenient to retain the informal (non-taxonomic) name of "clavarioid fungi" and this term is frequently used in research papers.
Stipax
Stipax is a genus of spiders in the family Sparassidae, with a single species, Stipax triangulifer, first described in 1898. The description was based on a male collected in 1894. No specimens have been found since and the species has been declared extinct. It was endemic to Mahe Island in the Seychelles.

Mahé
Mahé is the largest island of Seychelles, with an area of 157.3 square kilometres (60.7 sq mi), lying in the northeast of the Seychellois nation in the Somali Sea part of the Indian Ocean. The population of Mahé was 77,000, as of the 2010 census. It contains the capital city of Victoria and accommodates 86% of the country's total population.  The island was named after Bertrand-François Mahé de La Bourdonnais, a French governor of Isle de France (modern-day Mauritius).
Bernard Panafieu
Bernard Louis Auguste Paul Panafieu (French: [bɛʁnaʁ panafjø] ⓘ; 26 January 1931 – 12 November 2017) was a French prelate of the Catholic Church. He was Archbishop of Marseille from 1995 until his retirement in 2006 in Venasque. He was made a cardinal by Pope John Paul II in 2003.

Venasque
Venasque (French pronunciation: [vənask]; Occitan: Venasca; Latin: Vendasca) is a commune in the Vaucluse department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern France. It is a member of Les Plus Beaux Villages de France (The Most Beautiful Villages of France) Association.

The area has many tourist attractions, such as the nearby Mount Vaucluse, a park with several tennis courts, and many open areas. The town of Venasque stands on a hill, surrounded on all sides by ramparts in various states of disrepair. It is home to many notable foreigners, such as Darius Brubeck. It has a beautiful forest surrounding it, with picturesque trails and several shepherds' dwellings made out of rocks piled together to create domed huts.
Emilie Valenciano
Emilie Valenciano Rojas (born 15 February 1997) is a Costa Rican footballer who plays as a defender for Alajuelense. She is a member of the Costa Rica women's national football team. She was part of the team at the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup.

Alajuelense Fútbol Femenino
Liga Deportiva Alajuelense Femenil, also known as Alajuelense Fútbol Femenino (Alajuelense FF) and Alajuelense Femenil, is a women's football team that competes in the Costa Rican Women's Premier Division, the top division of women's football in Costa Rica. It is affiliated with men's side Liga Deportiva Alajuelense and was formed through an agreement with the Comite Cantonal de Deportes y Recreación de Alajuela (CODEA); the club first competed as Alajuelense CODEA in 2019.

As of 5 June 2023, it is the first and only club in the Costa Rican Women's Premier Division to win two undefeated championships, to win consecutive championships, or to win three or more championships.

As of 7 May 2023, IFFHS ranked the club 5th in CONCACAF and 36th in the world, the highest rankings for any club from Central America or Costa Rica. As of 2022, it was also the only club in Costa Rica to field a women's team at all levels of competition.
LanguageTool
LanguageTool is a free and open-source grammar, style, and spell checker, and all its features are available for download. The LanguageTool website connects to a proprietary sister project called LanguageTool Premium (formerly LanguageTool Plus), which provides improved error detection for English and German, as well as easier revision of longer texts, following the open-core model.

Proprietary software
Proprietary software is software that grants its creator, publisher, or other rightsholder or rightsholder partner a legal monopoly by modern copyright and intellectual property law to exclude the recipient from freely sharing the software or modifying it, and—in some cases, as is the case with some patent-encumbered and EULA-bound software—from making use of the software on their own, thereby restricting their freedoms.

Proprietary software is a subset of non-free software, a term defined in contrast to free and open-source software; non-commercial licenses such as CC BY-NC are not deemed proprietary, but are non-free. Proprietary software may either be closed-source software or source-available software.
Yanwari Kazama
Yanwari Kazama (風間やんわり, Kazama Yanwari, June 13, 1977 – October 22, 2013) was a Japanese manga artist.

He started drawing the Taberemasen ("not fit for consumption") yonkoma cartoon in 1995 in the Kodansha-published Young Magazine while still in high school, and continued the series until 2013. Besides publishing in Young Magazine, he also published social satire cartoons in the weekly magazine Friday.

He died on October 22, 2013, from liver failure.

Liver failure
Liver failure  is the inability of the liver to perform its normal synthetic and metabolic functions as part of normal physiology. Two forms are recognised, acute and chronic (cirrhosis). Recently, a third form of liver failure known as acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is increasingly being recognized.
2010 Aegon Championships – Doubles
The 2010 Aegon Championships (also known traditionally as the Queen's Club Championships) was a tennis tournament played on outdoor grass courts. Wesley Moodie and Mikhail Youzhny are the defending champions, but Youzhny chose to compete at Halle instead.Moodie teamed up with Dick Norman, but they lost in the quarterfinals to Novak Djokovic and Jonathan Erlich.Djokovic and Erlich won in the final 6–7(6–8), 6–2, [10–3] against Karol Beck and David Škoch.

Dick Norman
Dick Norman (born 1 March 1971) is a Belgian former professional tennis player. He achieved a degree of folk popularity among tennis fans due to his height (6 feet 8 inches), his left-handed power game and, in the last few years of his career, his age (between late 2006 and his retirement in June 2013 he was the oldest player on the ATP Tour).

After retirement Norman became involved in coaching and organizing local tennis events. 
In March 2018, he became the tournament director of the European Open.
Master: A Building in Copacabana
Master: A Building in Copacabana (Portuguese: Edifício Master) is a 2002 Brazilian documentary film by Eduardo Coutinho, about residents of a building in the Copacabana, Rio de Janeiro.

In the 2010s it was ranked as number 28 on the Abraccine Top 100 Brazilian films list and also number 4 in the documentary list.

Copacabana, Rio de Janeiro
Copacabana (/ˌkoʊpəkəˈbænə/ KOH-pə-kə-BAN-ə, US also /-ˈbɑːnə/ -⁠BAH-nə, Brazilian Portuguese: [ˌkɔpakaˈbɐnɐ]) is a Brazilian bairro (neighbourhood) located in the South Zone of the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It is most prominently known for its 4 km (2.5 mile) balneario beach, which is one of the most famous in the world.
Munggang
Gamelan Munggang are considered among the most ancient gamelans of the kraton (courts) of central Java. The ensemble of instruments consists of gong ageng, kempul, kendang and horizontal gong chimes tuned to three pitches. Very low in absolute pitch, each ensemble consists of two types: pelog and slendro.  There is a repertory of several repetitive pieces, the best known permutation being high-middle-high-low.
It is theorized that pelog was derived from the three note munggang scale. The origin of the munggang ensembles themselves are described in Javanese myths, however the first one may have been imported to Indonesia in the first century CE, with the first ensemble constructed by the Javanese made in the 4th century.

Pelog
Pelog (Sundanese: ᮕᮦᮜᮧᮌ᮪, romanized: Pélog /pelog/, Javanese: ꦥꦺꦭꦺꦴꦒ꧀, Balinese: ᬧᬾᬮᭀᬕ᭄, romanized: Pélog /pelok/) is one of the essential tuning systems used in gamelan instruments that has a heptatonic scale. The other, older, scale commonly used is called slendro. Pelog has seven notes, but many gamelan ensembles only have keys for five of the pitches. Even in ensembles that have all seven notes, many pieces only use a subset of five notes, sometimes the additional 4th tone is also used in a piece like western accidentals.
2025 Fairfield Challenger – Doubles
Ryan Seggerman and Patrik Trhac were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Mats Rosenkranz and Max Wiskandt won the title after defeating Spencer Johnson and Wally Thayne 3–6, 7–5, [10–6] in the final.

Mats Rosenkranz
Mats Rosenkranz (born 23 August 1998) is a German tennis player. He has a career high ATP singles ranking of world No. 254 achieved on 17 November 2025 and a career high doubles ranking of No. 389 achieved on 20 October 2025.
Martensia jejuensis
Martensia jejuensis is a species of red algae. This  red alga was first described by Lee Yongpil (이용필)  in 2004.

In South Korea, it is found in the warm waters of the southern coasts off Mokdo, Bijindo, Chujado, and Jeju (whence it derives its epithet, jejuensis). It is also found off southern Japan, Indonesia, and Australia.

Chuja Islands
The Chuja Islands (Korean: 추자군도; Hanja: 楸子群島) are a group of 42 islands in the Jeju Strait, about halfway between Jejudo and the southern coast of Jeollanamdo. Only four islands are inhabited: Sangchuja ("Upper Chuja"), which is connected by a bridge to Hachuja ("Lower Chuja"), the largest by area; Hoenggan; and Chupo. The Chuja Islands are administered by Jeju City. As of December 31, 2019, the population is 1,733, based on the number of citizen registrations.