hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Moonbow
A moonbow (also known as a moon rainbow or lunar rainbow) is a rainbow produced by moonlight rather than direct sunlight. Other than the difference in the light source, its formation is the same as for a solar rainbow: It is caused by the refraction of light in many water droplets, such as a rain shower or a waterfall, and is always positioned in the opposite part of the sky from the Moon relative to the observer.

Moonbows are much fainter than solar rainbows, due to the smaller amount of light reflected from the surface of the Moon. Because the light is usually too faint to excite the cone color receptors in human eyes, it is difficult for the human eye to discern colors in a moonbow. As a result, a moonbow often appears to be white. However, the colors in a moonbow do appear in long exposure photographs.

Moonbows have been mentioned at least since Aristotle's Meteorology (circa 350 BC), and are associated with the ancient Greek Lunar goddess, Selene.

Refraction
In physics, refraction is the redirection of a wave as it passes from one medium to another. The redirection can be caused by the wave's change in speed or by a change in the medium. Refraction of light is the most commonly observed phenomenon, but other waves such as sound waves and water waves also experience refraction. How much a wave is refracted is determined by the change in wave speed and the initial direction of wave propagation relative to the direction of change in speed.

Optical prisms and lenses use refraction to redirect light, as does the human eye. The refractive index of materials varies with the wavelength of light, and thus the angle of the refraction also varies correspondingly. This is called dispersion and allows prisms  and raindrops in rainbows to divide white light into its constituent spectral colors.
The Theft of the Iron Dogs
The Theft of the Iron Dogs is a 1946 mystery detective novel by E.C.R. Lorac, the pen name of the British writer Edith Caroline Rivett. It is the twenty eighth in her series featuring Chief Inspector MacDonald of Scotland Yard. Originally published by Collins Crime Club, it was reissued in 2023 by the British Library Publishing as part of a group of crime novels from the Golden Age of Detective Fiction. It was published in the United States in 1947 under the alternative title Murderer's Mistake. Like the earlier Fell Murder it is set in the rural Lunesdale area of Lancashire.

Golden Age of Detective Fiction
The Golden Age of Detective Fiction was an era of classic murder mystery novels of similar patterns and styles, predominantly in the 1920s and 1930s. While the Golden Age proper is usually taken to refer to works from that period, this type of fiction has been written since at least 1911 and is still being written.

In his history of the detective story, Bloody Murder: From the Detective Story to the Crime Novel, the author Julian Symons heads two chapters devoted to the Golden Age as "the Twenties" and "the Thirties". Symons notes that Philip Van Doren Stern's article, "The Case of the Corpse in the Blind Alley" (1941), "could serve ... as an obituary for the Golden Age." Authors Agatha Christie, Dorothy L. Sayers, Margery Allingham, and Ngaio Marsh have been collectively called the Queens of Crime.
Lu Yi (Tang dynasty)
Lu Yi (陸扆) (847 – July 5, 905), né Lu Yundi (陸允迪), courtesy name Xiangwen (祥文), formally the Duke of Wu Commandery (吳郡公), was an official of the Chinese Tang dynasty, who served as chancellor twice during the reign of Emperor Zhaozong.

New Book of Tang
The New Book of Tang, generally translated as the "New History of the Tang" or "New Tang History", is a work of official history covering the Tang dynasty in ten volumes and 225 chapters. The work was compiled by a team of scholars of the Song dynasty, led by Ouyang Xiu and Song Qi.

It was originally simply called the Tangshu (唐書, Book of Tang) until the 18th century.
Girmitiyas
Girmitiyas, (Kaithi: 𑂏𑂱𑂩𑂧𑂱𑂗𑂱𑂨𑂰, IPA: [ɡɪɾmɪʈɪjaː]) also known as Jahazis (Hindustani: जहाज़ी, IPA: [dʒəɦaːziː]) or Jahajis (IPA: [dʒəɦaːdʒiː]), were indentured labourers from British India transported to work on plantations in Fiji, South Africa, Mauritius, and the Caribbean (namely Trinidad and Tobago, British Guiana, Suriname and Jamaica) as part of the Indian indenture system.

Colony of Jamaica
The Crown Colony of Jamaica and Dependencies was a Crown colony of the British Empire from 1655 to 1962. English forces launched an invasion of Jamaica in 1655, capturing the existing Spanish colony. Jamaica was primarily used for exporting sugarcane from plantations operated by African slaves, and experienced several rebellions over the course of British rule. The colony was granted independence in 1962.
Military history of the Wolastoqiyik
The Wolastoqey militia was made up of warriors from the Wolastoqiyik of northeastern North America. Along with the Wabanaki Confederacy (particularly the Mi'kmaw militia), the French and Acadian militia, the Wolastoqiyik fought the British through six wars over a period of 75 years. They also mobilized against the British in the American Revolution. After confederation, Wolastoqey warriors eventually joined Canada's war efforts in World War I and World War II.

William O. Raymond
William Odber Raymond (February 3, 1853 – November 24, 1923) was a Canadian clergyman and historian from New Brunswick. While serving as a rector in Saint John, he contributed towards writing and editing historical works of Loyalist settlement in New Brunswick, having spent several years contributing for and serving as the president of the New Brunswick Historical Society. His 1905 writing Glimpses of the Past: History of the River St. John contains a record of what is likely to be the first known Black individual in what is now New Brunswick.
John Bulbeck
John Bulbeck (christened 30 December 1818 – 1888) was an English cricketer. Bulbeck's batting style is unknown.

Likely born at Havant, Hampshire, Bulbeck made a single first-class appearance for Hampshire against England in 1842 at Day's Ground, Southampton. In a match which England won by an innings and 5 runs, Bulbeck batted twice opening the innings, being dismissed for a duck in each innings by William Hillyer.

He died at the town of his birth sometime in 1888.

Havant
Havant (/ˈhævənt/ HAV-ənt) is a town in the south-east corner of Hampshire, England. Nearby places include Portsmouth to the south-west, Southampton to the west, Waterlooville to north, Chichester to the east and Hayling Island to the south. The wider borough comprises the town (45,826), the resort of Hayling Island, the town of Waterlooville, and the town of Emsworth.
Housing and population more than doubled in the 20 years following World War II, a period of major conversion of land from agriculture and woodland to housing across the region following the incendiary bombing of Portsmouth and the Blitz.

The old centre of the town was a small Celtic settlement before Roman times and the town's commerce, retired and commuter population swelled after World War II so as to be usually considered economically part of the Portsmouth conurbation.
Fred Jurgen Schnepel
Fred Jurgen Schnepel (February 24, 1892 – February 7, 1948) was a Seaman in the United States Navy and a Medal of Honor recipient for his role in the United States occupation of Veracruz.

In 1914, Schnepel was assigned to the battleship USS Florida. He went ashore at Veracruz as a member of a five-man signal squad led by Ensign Edward O. McDonnell. The other squad members were Charles F. Bishop, Charles L. Nordsiek and James A. Walsh. Despite being under constant enemy fire the afternoon of April 21 and morning of April 22, the squad continued to relay signals to and from USS Prairie offshore from an exposed rooftop position.

Schnepel served in the Navy until 1923, rising to the rank of Chief Quartermaster (CQM). In 1942, he was working as a builder and living in East Port Chester, Connecticut. Schnepel died on February 7, 1948 in Port Chester, New York, and is buried in Arlington National Cemetery, Arlington, Virginia.

Byram, Connecticut
Byram is a neighborhood/section and census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Greenwich in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. It had a population of 4,146 at the 2010 census, and a census-estimated population of 4,216 in 2018. An endcap of Connecticut's Gold Coast, Byram is the southernmost point in the town of Greenwich and the U.S. state of Connecticut. It is separated from Port Chester, Westchester County, New York, by the Byram River. Byram was once known as East Port Chester.
Antisemitism in Venezuela
Antisemitism in Venezuela has occurred throughout the history of the Jews in Venezuela. However, under the presidencies of both Hugo Chávez and Nicolás Maduro, allegations of antisemitism grew following actions and statements by the Venezuelan government, while also occurring in public incidents. The Bolivarian government would also use the words of "Jewish" and "Zionist" interchangeably in order to avoid accusations of antisemitism.

The Jewish population also declined rapidly under the Bolivarian government according to the Algemeiner Journal, with an estimated population of 22,000 in 1999, falling to under 7,000 in 2015. Though specific leaders have used antisemitic language, Venezuela's broader history of antisemitism is not large or unusual.

Jesse Chacón
Jesse Alonso Chacón Escamillo (born 9 November 1965) is a Venezuelan politician, engineer, and former military officer. Chacón participated in the November 1992 coup attempt the second attempted coup of that year, when he took part in the occupation of the station of the state television station channel Venezolana de Televisión (VTV), where several workers of the station were killed. Two years after the coup, he was pardoned by president Rafael Caldera. During Hugo Chávez's tenure, he served in many high ranking positions, such as minister of communications, minister of interior and justice and minister of electric power.
Myodocopida
The Myodocopida is one of the two orders within the Myodocopa, in turn a subclass of the Ostracoda. The Myodocopida are distinguished by a worm-like seventh limb, and, usually, a rostrum above an incisure (notch) from which the antennae can protrude. Unlike other ostracods, many species of the Myodocopida have lateral compound eyes Research on the cypridinid species Macrocypridina castanea have shown that the ‘window’ above its eyes—a transparent area on the shell—contains a nanostructure that transmits an unusually high 99% of blue light (350–630 nm)—the predominant light in its environment—allowing it to efficiently reach the eyes. Over the last thirty years there has been much research into the morphology, behaviour and distribution of myodocopids. More recently, DNA sequences have been used to investigate the phylogeny of various groups.

Class (biology)
In biological taxonomy, class (Latin: classis) is  a taxonomic rank, as well as a taxonomic unit (i.e., a taxon) in that rank. It is a group of related taxonomic orders. Other well-known ranks in descending order of size are domain, kingdom, phylum, order, family, genus, and species, with class ranking between phylum and order.
Escape to Witch Mountain (1975 film)
Escape to Witch Mountain is a 1975 American science fantasy film, based on Alexander H. Key's 1968 novel of the same name and directed by John Hough. It was released on March 21, 1975, by Walt Disney Productions and Buena Vista Distribution Company. It is the first film of the Witch Mountain series.

Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures
Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures is an American film distributor within the Disney Entertainment division of the Walt Disney Company. It handles theatrical and occasional digital distribution, marketing, and promotion for films produced and released by the Walt Disney Studios, including Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Animation Studios, Pixar, Marvel Studios, Lucasfilm, 20th Century Studios and Searchlight Pictures, though the latter unit operates its own autonomous theatrical distribution and marketing unit in the United States.

The company was originally established by Walt Disney in 1953 as Buena Vista Film Distribution Company Inc. (later renamed Buena Vista Distribution Inc. and Buena Vista Pictures Distribution Inc.). It took on its current name in late 2007.
Blockchain.com
Blockchain.com (formerly Blockchain.info) is a cryptocurrency financial services company. The company began as the first Bitcoin blockchain explorer in 2011 and later created a cryptocurrency wallet that accounted for 28% of bitcoin transactions between 2012 and 2020. It also operates a cryptocurrency exchange and provides institutional markets lending business and data, charts, and analytics.

GV (company)
GV Management Company, L.L.C. is a venture capital investment arm of Alphabet Inc., founded by Bill Maris, that provides seed, venture, and growth stage funding to technology companies. Founded as Google Ventures in 2010, the firm has operated independently of Google, Alphabet's search and advertising division, since 2015. GV invests in startup companies in a variety of fields ranging from the Internet, software, and hardware to life science, healthcare, artificial intelligence, transportation, cyber security and agriculture. It has helped finance more than 300 companies that include Uber, Nest, Slack, and Flatiron Health.
Billy Janniro
Billy Mitchell Janniro (born 30 July 1980 in Benicia, California, United States) is a former motorcycle speedway rider from the United States. He earned 11 caps for the United States national speedway team.

United States national speedway team
The United States national speedway team are an international motorcycle speedway team governed by the American Motorcyclist Association. They compete in the major international speedway competitions, including the Speedway World Cup and Speedway of Nations and the former events the Speedway World Team Cup and the Speedway World Pairs Championship.
History of the Jews in Sudan
The history of the Jews in Sudan goes back to a small but vibrant community of Jews who lived there from about 1885 to around 1970. Most of the community left for Israel or Europe after anti-Semitic attacks began to spread against both the Jews in Israel and those still living in Sudan.

Omdurman
Omdurman (Arabic: أُمّ دُرمان, romanized: Umm Durmān) is a major city in Sudan. It is the second most populous city in the country, located in the State of Khartoum. Omdurman lies on the west bank of the River Nile, opposite and northwest of the capital city of Khartoum. The city acts as an important road hub, with the Nile boosting transportation even further.
Brad Inman (footballer)
Bradden Inman (born 10 December 1991) is an Australian-Scottish professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for NPL Queensland club Gold Coast Knights. A much-travelled player, he has previously been with Newcastle United, Crewe Alexandra, Peterborough United, Rochdale, Brisbane Roar, Mohun Bagan, and Mumbai City. He formerly represented Scotland at the under-19 and under-21 international levels, but has subsequently been a member of Australian national team squads.

2013 Football League Trophy final
The 2013 Football League Trophy Final was the 30th final of the English domestic football cup competition for teams from Football Leagues One and Two, the Football League Trophy.

The final was played at Wembley Stadium in London on 7 April 2013. The match was contested between Crewe Alexandra from League One and Southend United from League Two. Crewe Alexandra won the game 2–0, following goals from Luke Murphy and Max Clayton.
John Wilson (rugby league, born 1978)
John Wilson (born 2 July 1978) is a former France international rugby league footballer who last played for the Catalans Dragons in the Super League. Wilson previously played for the Parramatta Eels and the Wests Tigers in the National Rugby League (NRL). Wilson's usual position was second-row, but he had mainly played as a centre for the Catalans Dragons.

Wests Tigers
The Wests Tigers are an Australian rugby league football team, based in the Inner West of Sydney and South Western Sydney. The Tigers have competed in the National Rugby League (NRL) since being formed at the end of the 1999 NRL season as a joint-venture club between the Balmain Tigers and the Western Suburbs Magpies.

The Wests Tigers started playing in the 2000 NRL season and they won their maiden premiership in 2005. The club also won the final edition of the World Sevens in 2004. The club has only qualified for three finals series since their inception (2005, 2010 and 2011).

The Wests Tigers play home games at two grounds: Leichhardt Oval (the home ground of Balmain) and Campbelltown Stadium (the home ground of Western Suburbs). They are currently coached by Benji Marshall.

The interim CEO is currently Shaun Mielekamp.
Aydıntepe railway station
Aydıntepe railway station (Turkish: Aydıntepe istasyonu) is a railway station in Tuzla, Istanbul. Up until 2012, the station was a stop on the Haydarpaşa suburban commuter rail line. The original station consisted of two side platforms with two tracks.

Aydıntepe station was closed down on 1 February 2012, when all train traffic between Pendik and Arifiye was temporarily suspended due to construction of the Ankara-Istanbul high-speed railway. The station was demolished shortly after and a new station was built in its place. The new station consists of an island platform serving two tracks, with a third express track on the south side.

Aydıntepe station is opened on 12 March 2019 along with the entire Marmaray line.

Pendik
Pendik (Turkish pronunciation: [ˈpændic]) is a municipality and district of Istanbul Province, Turkey. Its area is 190 km2, and its population is 750,435 (2022). It is on the Asian side between Kartal and Tuzla, on the Marmara Sea. It also neighbours Sultanbeyli, Sancaktepe and Çekmeköy from northwest, Şile from north and Gebze from northeast. The district is home to the Sabiha Gökçen International Airport.

During the Roman, Byzantine and Latin Empire periods, the coastal town was known as Pantichium.
Sciatic nerve block
A sciatic nerve block is a nerve block that uses local anesthetic to achieve analgesia in the leg. The block works by affecting the sciatic nerve and is used for surgeries at or below the knee.

The sciatic nerve is located in the gluteus maximus muscle, where the block is performed. The sciatic nerve can be blocked at different locations. At the popliteal fossa, the sciatic nerve divides into its two branches: The tibial and the common peroneal nerve. If surgery is performed on the ankle, achilles tendon or foot a popliteal block can be performed, affecting the two branches of the sciatic nerve.  It is done above the knee on the posterior leg where the sciatic nerve starts splitting into the common peroneal and tibial nerves.

Leg
A leg is a weight-bearing and locomotive anatomical structure, usually having a columnar shape. During locomotion, legs function as "extensible struts".  The combination of movements at all joints can be modeled as a single, linear element capable of changing length and rotating about an omnidirectional "hip" joint.

As an anatomical animal structure, it is used for locomotion. The distal end is often modified to distribute force (such as a foot). Most animals have an even number of legs.

As a component of furniture, it is used for the economy of materials needed to provide the support for the useful surface, such as the table top or chair seat.
Sophie of Saxe-Lauenburg
Sophie of Saxe-Lauenburg (1428 – 9 September 1473) was a German regent, Duchess of Jülich-Berg by marriage to Gerhard VIII of Jülich-Berg. She was regent of Jülich, Berg and Ravensberg during the incapacity of her spouse and the minority of her eldest son William IV from 1456 until 1473.

Duchy of Berg
Berg (German pronunciation: [bɛʁk] ⓘ) was a state—originally a county, later a duchy—in the Rhineland of Germany. Its capital was Düsseldorf. It existed as a distinct political entity from the early 12th to the 19th centuries. It was a member state of the Holy Roman Empire.

The name of the county lives on in the modern geographic term Bergisches Land, often misunderstood as bergiges Land (hilly country).
1994 Edward Jancarz Memorial
The 3rd Edward Jancarz Memorial was the 1994 version of the Edward Jancarz Memorial. It took place on 15 May in the Stal Gorzów Stadium in Gorzów Wielkopolski, Poland. The Memorial was won by Joe Screen who beat Greg Hancock and Billy Hamill.

Billy Hamill
William Gordon Hamill (born 23 May 1970) is an American international motorcycle speedway rider. He is a former Speedway World Champion, winning the title in 1996 and earned 29 caps for the United States national speedway team.
Nora Persson
Nora Persson (born 10 February 1999) is a Swedish handball player who plays for SønderjyskE in the Danish league, Damehåndboldligaen, and the Swedish national team.

She moved to Denmark to join Aarhus United in 2019, where she played for 4 years, before joining SønderjyskE.

She made her debut on the Swedish national team on 20 March 2022, against Iceland.

Sweden women's national handball team
The Sweden women's national handball team (Swedish: Sveriges damlandslag i handboll) is the national team of Sweden. It is governed by the Swedish Handball Federation (Swedish: Svenska Handbollförbundet) and takes part in international handball competitions.
Nodar
Nodar (Georgian: ნოდარ) is a masculine Georgian given name. Notable people with the given name include:

Nodar Akhalkatsi (1937–1998), Georgian football manager

Nodar Dumbadze (1928–1984), Georgian writer and one of the most popular authors in the late 20th-century Georgia

Nodar Dzhordzhikiya (1921–2008), Soviet basketball player

Nodar Gvakhariya (1932–1996), Georgian water polo player

Nodar Kancheli (1938–2015), Russian architect who designed the Transvaal Park water park in Yasenevo and Basmanny Market

Nodar Khashba (born 1951), former Prime Minister of Abkhazia

Nodar Khizanishvili (born 1953), Soviet football player of Georgian ethnicity

Nodar Kumaritashvili (1988–2010), Georgian Olympic luger

Nodar Lominadze (born 2002), Georgian footballer

Nodar Mammadov (born 1988), Azerbaijani footballer

Nodar Mgaloblishvili (1931–2019), Soviet, Russian and Georgian theatrical actor

Nodar Dzhordzhikiya
Nodar Dzhordzhikiya (or Nodar Jorjikia) (Georgian: ნოდარ ჯორჯიკია, Russian: Нодар Константинович Джорджикия; 15 November 1921 in Kutaisi – 1 June 2008) was a Soviet basketball player who competed for the Soviet Union in the 1952 Summer Olympics. He trained at Dynamo in Tbilisi.

Dzhordzhikiya was a member of the Soviet team which won the silver medal at the 1952 Games. He played in all eight matches.
Vialky
Vialky (Russian: Вяльки, romanized: V'al'ki) is a village in Pochepsky District of Bryansk Oblast, near the federal route M13 (Bryansk — Novozybkov — state border with Belarus). Vialky is situated on the Nemolodva river, about 95 km away from Bryansk, 10 km from Pochep, Bryansk Oblast. The population is 87 people (2002). Vialky has Nemolodva railway station.

Pochepsky District
Pochepsky District (Russian: По́чепский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-seven in Bryansk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the center of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,886 square kilometers (728 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Pochep. As of the 2021 Census, the total population of the district was 34,971, with the population of Pochep accounting for 42.9% of that number.