hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ken Skupski
Ken Skupski Jr. (born 9 April 1983) is a British former professional tennis player who specialised in doubles.

He reached his career-high ATP doubles ranking of world No. 44 in July 2010, and won seven titles on the ATP Tour, most notably the 2021 Mexican Open alongside younger brother Neal Skupski, with whom he regularly competed from 2013. Skupski is a three-time Grand Slam quarterfinalist, having reached this stage at the 2017 Wimbledon Championships in both men's and mixed doubles, and the 2020 Australian Open in men's doubles.

At the 2010 Commonwealth Games in Delhi, he won two medals representing England, silver in men's doubles with Ross Hutchins, and bronze in mixed doubles partnering Sarah Borwell. Skupski also represented Great Britain in the Davis Cup on two occasions in 2010.

2011 Wimbledon Championships – Men's doubles
Jürgen Melzer and Philipp Petzschner were the defending champions, but lost in the quarterfinals to Bob and Mike Bryan.

The Bryan brothers defeated Robert Lindstedt and Horia Tecău in the final, 6–3, 6–4, 7–6(7–2), to win the gentlemen's doubles title at the 2011 Wimbledon Championships.

The men's doubles event was originally scheduled to begin on 22 June, but due to bad weather it was delayed until the next day. To accommodate other rain delayed matches, the first round matches were played best of three sets, with best of five set scoring being resumed in the second round.
Oru Caribbean Udayippu
Oru Caribbean Udayippu (translation: A Caribbean con) is 2019 Indian Malayalam drama film directed by A.Joji starring Samuel Robinson, Rishi Prakash, Vishnu Vinay, Aneesh G Menon, Megha Mathew, Mareena Michal, Niharika and Vishnu Govindan. The movie is about rivalry between two musical bands in a college.

Vishnu Vinay
Vishnu Vinay (born 8 April 1987) is an Indian actor who appears predominantly in Malayalam films. He is the son of Malayalam film director Vinayan. Vishnu made his debut in Malayalam through the film History of Joy (2017) directed by Vishnu Govindan. Vishnu has also written the story for Hareendran Oru Nishkalankan (2007) directed by his father Vinayan.
Alexander Scott (chemist)
Alexander Scott (28 December 1853–10 March 1947) was a Scottish chemist who served as Director of Scientific Research at the British Museum. He was President of the Chemical Society from 1915 to 1917. He determined the atomic weights of several elements: potassium (1879), sodium (1879), manganese (1881), carbon -re-evaluation (1897), tellurium (1902), nitrogen (1905).

Chemical Society
The Chemical Society was a scientific society formed in 1841 (then named the Chemical Society of London) by 77 scientists as a result of increased interest in scientific matters. Chemist Robert Warington was the driving force behind its creation.
Nobelinstitut
Nobelinstitut is a term for a number of scientific institutes created in the various institutions that appoint laureates of the various Nobel Prizes. The nobel institutes are primarily intended to support the Nobel Committees in their efforts to review proposals submitted for prize winners. They originally intended to also work as independent research institutes in their field, but this role is now of less importance. The opportunity for the prize-awarding institutions to set up the Nobel Institutes was included in the Nobel Foundation original foundation statutes.  The establishment of such institutions was however not written in the will of Alfred Nobel.  Å.G. Ekstrand meant that the idea probably came from the chemist Lars Fredrik Nilson.

Research institute
A research institute, research centre, or research organization is an establishment founded for doing research. Research institutes may specialize in basic research or may be oriented to applied research. Although the term often implies natural science research, there are also many research institutes in the social science as well, especially for sociological and historical research purposes.
Turkeys voting for Christmas
Turkeys voting for Christmas is an English idiom used as a metaphor for a situation in which a choice made is clearly against one's self-interest. In the United Kingdom, turkeys are commonly eaten as part of the English Christmas dinner.

Self-interest
Self-interest generally refers to a focus on the needs or desires (interests) of one's self. Most times, actions that display self-interest are often performed without conscious knowing. A number of philosophical, psychological, and economic theories examine the role of self-interest in motivating human action. Individuals may have a self-serving bias towards their self-interest.
Carotene epsilon-monooxygenase
Carotene epsilon-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.99.45, CYP97C1, LUT1) is an enzyme with systematic name alpha-carotene:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

alpha-carotene + O2 + AH2  alpha-cryptoxanthin + A + H2O

Carotene epsilon-monooxygenase is a heme-thiolate protein (P450)..

Thiol
In organic chemistry, a thiol (/ˈθaɪɒl/; from Ancient Greek  θεῖον (theion) 'sulfur'), or thiol derivative, is any organosulfur compound of the form R−SH, where R represents an alkyl or other organic substituent. The −SH functional group itself is referred to as either a thiol group or a sulfhydryl group, or a sulfanyl group. Thiols are the sulfur analogue of alcohols (that is, sulfur takes the place of oxygen in the hydroxyl (−OH) group of an alcohol), and the word is a blend of "thio-" with "alcohol".

Many thiols have strong odors resembling that of garlic, cabbage or rotten eggs. Thiols are used as odorants to assist in the detection of natural gas (which in pure form is odorless). The smell of natural gas is due to the addition of thiol.
Conchas Lake Seaplane Base
Conchas Lake Seaplane Base (FAA LID: E61) is a public use seaplane base located two nautical miles (4 km) southwest of the central business district of Conchas Dam, in San Miguel County, New Mexico, United States. It is owned by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. It has one seaplane landing area measuring 21,120 by 1,320 feet (6,437 by 402 m).

San Miguel County, New Mexico
San Miguel County (Spanish: Condado de San Miguel) is a county in the U.S. state of New Mexico. As of the 2020 census, the population was 27,201. Its county seat is Las Vegas.

San Miguel County comprises the Las Vegas Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Albuquerque–Santa Fe–Las Vegas combined statistical area.
Reflektor
Reflektor is the fourth studio album by the Canadian indie rock band Arcade Fire, released on October 28, 2013, through Sonovox Records internationally and Merge Records in the United States. A double album, it was recorded between 2011 and 2013 at studios in Montreal, Jamaica, and Louisiana. It was co-produced by LCD Soundsystem frontman James Murphy, regular Arcade Fire producer Markus Dravs, and the band themselves.

Influenced by Haitian rara music, the 1959 film Black Orpheus, and Søren Kierkegaard's essay "Two Ages", Reflektor's release was preceded by a guerrilla marketing campaign inspired by veve drawings and the release of the title track as a limited edition single credited to the fictional band The Reflektors on September 9, 2013. Upon its release, Reflektor received positive reviews from music critics and had a successful commercial performance. The album was recognized as one of The 100 Best Albums of the Decade So Far, a list published by Pitchfork in August 2014.

Agora (company)
Agora Spółka Akcyjna (Agora SA) is a Polish media company. Agora and Gazeta Wyborcza (The Electoral Gazette) were created on the eve of the parliamentary elections in 1989. Gazeta Wyborcza became the first independent newspaper in Poland, while Agora grew into one of the largest and most renowned media companies in Poland. Since 1999 Agora's shares have been listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange.

Agora's activities include newspapers, advertising, cinemas, radio, various online services, magazines, books and more.
Arizmendi Bakery
Arizmendi Bakery is a network of independent bakeries located in the San Francisco Bay Area of California in the United States, including locations in San Francisco, Berkeley, Emeryville, San Rafael, and Oakland.  They are all worker cooperatives which are independently operated but share similar products and recipes. The bakery makes pastries, pizza, bread, and other items such as fruitcakes.

Arizmendi Bakery were inspired by and supported by the Cheese Board Collective, with the first location, on Lakeshore Avenue in Oakland, opening in 1997. It was named after Basque priest and labor organizer José María Arizmendiarrieta.

In 2011, Arizmendi was voted the best bakery in the East Bay by the East Bay Express. Food reviewer Tamara Palmer, from SF Weekly, called their Auntie Mabel's Kookie Brittle the best cookie in San Francisco.

San Rafael, California
San Rafael (/ˌsæn rəˈfɛl/ SAN rə-FEL; Spanish for "St. Raphael", Spanish pronunciation: [san rafaˈel]) is a city in and the county seat of Marin County, California, United States. The city is located in the North Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area. As of the 2020 census, San Rafael had a population of 61,271.

San Rafael was founded by the Spanish in 1817, when Vicente Francisco de Sarría established Mission San Rafael Arcángel, initially as an asistencia (sub-mission). San Rafael Arcángel was upgraded to full mission status in 1822, a month before Alta California declared independence from Spain as part of Mexico. Following the American Conquest of California, the community of San Rafael incorporated as a city in 1874.
Charles Nimmo
Charles Stuart Nimmo (10 June 1895 – 20 February 1943) was a Scottish international rugby union player.

Born in Edinburgh, Nimmo attended Viewpark School and George Watson's College. He enlisted with the 9th Royal Scots at the beginning of World War I and was commissioned into the Seaforth Highlanders in November, 1914.

Nimmo gained his solitary Scotland cap as a half-back in the 1920 Calcutta Cup match against England at Twickenham, replacing an injured Jake Selby in the line up. He played his club rugby with Selby for Watsonian XV and was captain during their championship-winning 1920–21 season.

A 1921 University of Edinburgh graduate, Nimmo obtained a medical degree and after a short appointment at Edinburgh Royal Infirmary became a general practitioner in Jedburgh in 1922.

George Watson's College
George Watson's College is a co-educational private day school in Scotland, situated on Colinton Road, in the Merchiston area of Edinburgh. It was first established as a hospital school in 1723, became a day school in 1871, and was merged with its sister school George Watson's Ladies College in 1974. It is a Merchant Company of Edinburgh school and a member of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference.
Gobert
Gobert is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

André Gobert (1890–1951), French tennis player

Anthony Gobert (1975–2024), Australian motorcycle road racer

Émile Joseph Isidore Gobert (1838–1922), French entomologist

Jacques-Nicolas Gobert (1760–1808), French general

Jos Gobert (1922–unknown), Belgian chess master

Pierre Gobert (1662–1744), French painter

Rudy Gobert (born 1992), French basketball player

Thomas Gobert (c. 1630 or 1640–c. 1708), French architect and engineer

Jacques-Nicolas Gobert
Jacques-Nicolas Gobert (French pronunciation: [ʒak nikɔla ɡɔbɛʁ]; 1 June 1760 – 17 July 1808) was a French general who was killed in action in Spain during the Peninsular War.

He set out from Madrid with a division on 2 July 1808 to join General Dupont in Jaén. Defeating the insurgents who attacked his troops in the Sierra Morena, he and General Lefranc passed the Puerta del Rey, where he left a battalion, on 15 July 15, and reached Bailén with only one brigade, as the remainder of his troops was needed to hold the road north through the mountains against the guerrillas.

During the Battle of Bailén, after joining General Liger-Belair on the road between Bailén and Mengíbar, he was wounded by a ball to the head while rallying his troops. He died in Guarromán on the night of 16 to 17 July.

Gobert was a friend of Dupont's, having served on his staff in Tuscany, and had requested the transfer of his division from General Moncey's corps to that of Dupont.
Focal surface
For a surface in three dimension the focal surface, surface of centers or evolute is formed by taking the centers of the curvature spheres, which are the tangential spheres whose radii are the reciprocals of one of the principal curvatures at the point of tangency. Equivalently it is the surface formed by the centers of the circles which osculate the curvature lines.

As the principal curvatures are the eigenvalues of the second fundamental form, there are two at each point, and these give rise to two points of the focal surface on each normal direction to the surface. At points where the Gaussian curvature is zero, one sheet of the focal surface will have a point at infinity corresponding to the zero principal curvature.

If  is a point of the given surface,  the unit normal and  the principal curvatures at , then

and

are the corresponding two points of the focal surface.

Osculating curve
In differential geometry, an osculating curve is a plane curve from a given family that has the highest possible order of contact with another curve. That is, if F is a family of smooth curves, C is a smooth curve (not in general belonging to F), and P is a point on C, then an osculating curve from F at P is a curve from F that passes through P and has as many of its derivatives (in succession, from the first derivative) at P equal to the derivatives of C as possible.

The term derives from the Latinate root "osculate", to kiss, because the two curves contact one another in a more intimate way than simple tangency.
Hydnocarpus kurzii
Hydnocarpus kurzii is a species of flowering plant in the family Achariaceae. It is found in India and Myanmar. It is used as a traditional medicinal plant.

Working for Wellcome Chemical Research Laboratories, the pharmacist Frederick B. Power studied the seeds of various species of chaulmoogra from 1904. Power and colleagues identified chaulmoogric acid, which has the formula C18H32O2, from seeds of what was then called the Taraktogenos kurzii tree.

Achariaceae
Achariaceae is a family of flowering plants consisting of 31 genera and about 155 species of tropical herbs, shrubs, and trees. The APG IV system has greatly expanded the scope of the family by including many genera previously classified in Flacourtiaceae. Molecular data strongly support the inclusion of this family in the order Malpighiales.

The family is almost exclusively tropical and is best known as the source of chaulmoogra oil, formerly used to treat leprosy. Unlike other members of the former Flacourtiaceae now placed in the family Salicaceae, the genera of Achariaceae typically have cyanogenic glycosides.
Internet Fibre Channel Protocol
Internet Fibre Channel Protocol (iFCP) is a gateway-to-gateway network protocol standard that provides Fibre Channel fabric functionality to Fibre Channel devices over an IP network. It is officially ratified by the Internet Engineering Task Force. Its most common forms are in 1 Gbit/s, 2 Gbit/s, 4 Gbit/s, 8 Gbit/s, and 10 Gbit/s, a shortened version of Gigabits per second also known as 1,000 megabits per second.

Internet Engineering Task Force
The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) is a standards organization for the Internet responsible for the technical standards of the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP). It has no formal membership roster or requirements and all its participants are volunteers. Their work is usually funded by employers or other sponsors.

The IETF was initially supported by the federal government of the United States but since 1993 has operated under the auspices of the Internet Society, an American non-profit organization with local chapters around the world.
2015 Pinstripe Bowl
The 2015 Pinstripe Bowl was a post-season American college football bowl game played on December 26, 2015, at Yankee Stadium in the New York City borough of the Bronx. The sixth edition of the Pinstripe Bowl featured the Indiana Hoosiers of the Big Ten Conference against the Duke Blue Devils of the Atlantic Coast Conference. It began at 3:30 p.m. EST and aired on ABC. It was one of the 2015–16 bowl games that concluded the 2015 FBS football season.  Sponsored by the New Era Cap Company, the game was officially known as the New Era Pinstripe Bowl. This bowl marked Duke's first bowl victory in 54 years. Although Duke had reached 4 consecutive bowl games, they had lost the previous three.

This is the most recent Pinstripe Bowl victory by an ACC team.

New Era Cap Company
The New Era Cap Company (commonly known simply as New Era) is an American headwear company headquartered in Buffalo, New York. It was founded in 1920 by Ehrhardt Koch. New Era has over 500 different licenses in its portfolio. Since 1993, it has been the exclusive baseball cap supplier for Major League Baseball (MLB).
The Scarlet Pimpernel (1934 film)
The Scarlet Pimpernel is a 1934 British adventure film starring Leslie Howard, Merle Oberon, and Raymond Massey. It was directed by Harold Young and produced by Alexander Korda. 
Based on the 1905 play by Baroness Orczy and Montagu Barstow and the 1905 adventure novel by Orczy, the film is about an eighteenth-century English aristocrat (Howard) who leads a double life, passing himself off as an effete aristocrat while engaged in a secret effort to rescue French nobles from Robespierre's Reign of Terror. Howard's portrayal of the title character is often considered the definitive portrayal of the role. In 1941, he played a similar role in "Pimpernel" Smith but this time set in pre-WWII Germany.

Aristocracy (class)
The aristocracy (from Greek ἀριστοκρατία aristokratía, "rule of the best"; Latin: aristocratia) is historically associated with a "hereditary" or a "ruling" social class. In many states, the aristocracy included the upper class with hereditary rank and titles. They are usually below only the monarch of a country or nation in its social hierarchy.
Non-malleable code
The notion of non-malleable codes was introduced in 2009 by Dziembowski, Pietrzak, and Wichs, for relaxing the notion of error-correction and error-detection. Informally, a code is non-malleable if the message contained in a modified code-word is either the original message, or a completely unrelated value. Non-malleable codes provide a useful and meaningful security guarantee in situations where traditional error-correction and error-detection is impossible; for example, when the attacker can completely overwrite the encoded message. Although such codes do not exist if the family of "tampering functions" F is completely unrestricted, they are known to exist for many broad tampering families F.

Tampering (crime)
Tampering can refer to many forms of sabotage but the term is often used to mean intentional modification of products in a way that would make them harmful to the consumer.  This threat has prompted manufacturers to make products that are either difficult to modify or at least difficult to modify without warning the consumer that the product has been tampered with.  Since the person making the modification is typically long gone by the time the crime is discovered, many of these cases are never solved.

The crime is often linked with attempts to extort money from the manufacturer, and in many cases no contamination to a product ever takes place.  Fraud is sometimes handled as a matter of civil law, but actual modification of products is almost always a matter of criminal law.
Mill Hollow
Mill Hollow is a valley in northern Douglas County the Ozarks of southern Missouri.

The headwaters of the stream that occupies the hollow are at 37°01′28″N 92°38′26″W﻿ / ﻿37.02444°N 92.64056°W﻿ / 37.02444; -92.64056 and the confluence with Bryant Creek is at 37°02′06″N 92°36′33″W﻿ / ﻿37.03500°N 92.60917°W﻿ / 37.03500; -92.60917. The stream in the valley is fed by a perennial spring with its source near the upper reaches of the valley.  Missouri Route 5 runs parallel to the valley on the southeast side. The valley is the location of Ava Roadside Park which lies adjacent to Route 5 five miles north of Ava.

Mill Hollow was named for a mill which once stood in the valley in the 1830s.

Bryant Creek
Bryant Creek (also known as Bryant River) is a stream in the Ozarks region of Missouri, United States. Bryant Creek has headwaters just west of Lead Hill and southeast Cedar Gap in southwestern Wright County and flows in a southeasterly direction through Douglas County east of Ava. It joins the North Fork River in Ozark County just north of Tecumseh and within the waters of Norfork Lake. Its tributaries include Bill Macks Creek, Hunter Creek, Rippee Creek, Fox Creek, Brush Creek, Spring Creek and Pine Creek.

Bryant Creek is named after a pioneer citizen who arrived in the area in the 1830s.
Haljala
Haljala (German: Haljall) is a small borough (Estonian: alevik) in Lääne-Viru County, in northern Estonia. It is located about 10 km northwest of the town of Rakvere, by the Tallinn–Narva (Tallinn–Saint Petersburg) road (part of E20). Haljala is the administrative centre of Haljala Parish. As of the 2011 Census, the settlement's population was 1,084. Haljala was first mentioned in 1241.

Populated places in Estonia
Populated places in Estonia are cities or settlement units of rural municipalities, but only cities have administrative functions. Settlement units are divided into settlements and urban regions (subdivisions of cities).

Officially there are four types of settlement unit in Estonia:

village (küla) – a sparsely populated settlement or a densely populated settlement with fewer than 300 permanent inhabitants

small borough (alevik) – a densely populated settlement with at least 300 permanent inhabitants

town (alev) – a densely populated settlement with at least 1000 permanent inhabitants

city (linn) - a densely populated settlement with at least 1000 permanent inhabitants.

As of 2024, there were 47 cities, 13 towns, 186 hamlets and 4457 villages in Estonia. There were 3 cities with under 1000 permanent inhabitants as of 2023.
Happiness (EP)
Happiness is an EP by the former lead singer of The Inspiral Carpets Tom Hingley. It was released in March 2002 on Newmemorabila. The EP comprises tracks recorded with Radio 2, early versions of Soulfire tracks and a previously unreleased track.

Inspiral Carpets
Inspiral Carpets are an English rock band, part of the late-1980s/early-1990s Madchester movement and known for using organs and distorted guitars with influences from psychedelic rock. The band was formed in Oldham in 1983; its band's most successful lineup featured frontman Tom Hingley, drummer Craig Gill, guitarist Graham Lambert, bassist Martyn Walsh, and keyboardist Clint Boon.

Going by "The Furs", Lambert formed line-ups loosely with other various past band members from 1980 to 1983 until he and singer Stephen Holt met at The Moor End indie disco in Oldham in 1983. Holt sang on the first two independent singles. Holt departed the band before they signed with Mute Records. In 2011, Hingley departed the band, though members disagree about the circumstances. The band continued, reuniting with Holt. Inactive since Gill's death in 2016, the band announced on 17 October 2022 that they would be reforming and going on a tour of the UK in March and April 2023.