hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Glen Elder (sociologist)
Glen Holl Elder Jr. (born 28 February 1934) is an American sociologist who is the Howard W. Odum Research Professor of Sociology (emeritus), a research professor of psychology and a current professor at the Carolina Population Center at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. His research interests are in social psychology, sociology, demographics and life course research. Elder's major work was Children of the Great Depression: Social Change in Life Experience, in 1974. The American Academy of Arts and Sciences admitted Glen H. Elder in 1988. In 1993, he was honored with the Cooley-Mead Award by the Social Psychology Section of the American Sociological Association. Elder was given honorary doctorates by the University of Bremen in 1999, by the Pennsylvania State University in 2003 and by the Ohio State University in 2005.

American Sociological Association
The American Sociological Association (ASA) is a non-profit organization dedicated to advancing the discipline and profession of sociology. Founded in December 1905 as the American Sociological Society at Johns Hopkins University by a group of fifty people, the first president of the association was Lester Frank Ward. Today, most of its members work in academia, while around 20 percent of them work in government, business, or non-profit organizations.

ASA publishes ten academic journals and magazines, along with four section journals, including the American Sociological Review and Contexts.

The ASA had 9,893 members in 2023, as an association of sociologists even larger than the International Sociological Association. It is composed of researchers, students, college/university faculty, high school faculty, and various practitioners The "American Sociological Association Annual Meeting" is an annual academic conference held by the association consisting of over 4,000 participants.
Emerald shiner
The emerald shiner (Notropis atherinoides) is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Leuciscidae, the shiners, daces and minnows. The identifying characteristic of the emerald shiner is the silvery emerald color on its sides. It is found across North America from Canada to the Gulf of Mexico, commonly in large, deep lakes and rivers, though sometimes in smaller bodies of water as well. It feeds on small organisms such as zooplankton and insects, congregating in large groups near the surface of the water. It is a quite common fish and is often used as a bait fish.

Bait fish
Bait fish (or baitfish) are small-sized fish caught and used by anglers as bait to attract larger predatory fish, particularly game fish. Baitfish species are typically those that are common and breed rapidly, making them easy to catch and in abundant supply.
Skipjack shad
The skipjack herring (Alosa chrysochloris) is a North American, migratory, fresh and brackish water fish species in the herring family Alosidae. The name skipjack shad comes from the fact that it is commonly seen leaping out of the water while feeding. Other common names include blue herring, golden shad, river shad, Tennessee tarpon, and McKinley shad. The skipjack shad is restricted to the Gulf of Mexico drainage basins. Skipjack are found in clear to moderately turbid water in areas with flow. Because they are a migratory species, dams often impede their reproduction. Records suggest that this species was much more abundant in the Upper Mississippi River basin before it was impounded. Currently, skipjack is most abundant in the upper Mississippi River below the mouth of the Ohio River. They are known as an "early-run" species, as they migrate to spawn in the early spring.

Alosidae
The Alosidae, or the shads, are a family of clupeiform fishes. The family currently comprises four genera worldwide, and about 32 species.

The shads are pelagic (open water) schooling fish, of which many are anadromous or even landlocked. Several species are of commercial importance, e.g. in the genus Alosa (river herrings), Brevoortia (menhadens), and Sardina. The Alosidae were previously included in the herring family Clupeidae.
Errin Ewerts
Errin Ewerts (born 25 May 1988) is a South African cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and a right-arm off-break bowler who played for South Western Districts. He was born in Oudtshoorn.

Ewerts made a single first-class appearance for the side, during the SAA Three-Day Challenge competition of 2006–07, against Boland. He scored 22 runs in the first innings in which he batted, and 3 runs in the second.

Ewerts bowled 5 overs during the match, securing figures of 0-32.

In 2010 Ewerts captained the SWD Academy and represented South African Under 17 team while being a scholar at Oudtshoorn High School.

In 2011 he joined SWD which he had a one-day appearance in Rustenburg, South Africa.

In 2015 he participated in a game against the Northerns and in 2016 became team's captain.

Rustenburg
Rustenburg (/ˈrʌstənbɜːrɡ/; Afrikaans pronunciation: [ˈrœstənbœrχ], Afrikaans and Dutch: City of Rest) is a city at the foot of the Magaliesberg mountain range. Rustenburg is the most populous city in North West province, South Africa (549,575 in 2011 and 626,522 in the 2016 census). In 2017, the city's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) reached ZAR 63.8 billion, accounting for 21.1% of the GDP of the North West Province, and 1.28% of the GDP of South Africa.  Rustenburg was one of the official host cities of the 2010 FIFA World Cup, being in close proximity to Phokeng, the capital of the Royal Bafokeng Nation, where the Royal Bafokeng Stadium is located. The England national football team also used this as their base camp for the tournament.
Hopper cooling
Hopper cooling is a simple form of water cooling used for small stationary engines. The defining feature of hopper cooling, amongst other water-cooled engines, is that there is no radiator. Cooling water is heated by the engine and evaporates from the surface of the hopper as steam.

Steam
Steam is water vapor, often mixed with air and/or an aerosol of liquid water droplets. This may occur by evaporation or by boiling, where heat is applied until water reaches the enthalpy of vaporization. Superheated or saturated steam is invisible; however, wet steam, a visible mist or aerosol of water droplets, is often referred to as  "steam".: 6

When liquid water becomes steam, it increases in volume by 1,700 times at standard temperature and pressure; this change in volume can be converted into mechanical work by steam engines such as reciprocating piston-type engines and steam turbines. Piston-type steam engines played a central role in the Industrial Revolution, and steam-based generation today produces 80 percent of the world's electricity. If liquid water comes into contact with a very hot surface or depressurizes quickly below its vapor pressure, it can create a steam explosion.
Black Loch (Perth and Kinross)
Black Loch is a small lowland freshwater loch that is located directly to the east of Fingask Loch in the valley of the Lunan Burn and is 1 mile south of Blairgowrie, in Perth and Kinross.

The loch is also a designated Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), as well as forming part of a Special Area of Conservation.

Special Area of Conservation
A special area of conservation (SAC) is defined in the European Union's Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC), also known as the Directive on the Conservation of Natural Habitats and of Wild Fauna and Flora. They are to protect the 220 habitats and approximately 1,000 species listed in annex I and II of the directive which are considered to be of European interest following criteria given in the directive. They must be chosen from the sites of Community importance by the member states and designated SAC by an act assuring the conservation measures of the natural habitat.

SACs complement special protection areas and together form a network of protected sites across the European Union called Natura 2000.  This, in turn, is part of the Emerald network of Areas of Special Conservation Interest (ASCIs) under the Berne Convention.
Raymond Daveluy
Joseph Eugène Raymond-Marie Daveluy CM (French pronunciation: [ʒozɛf øʒɛn ʁɛmɔ̃ maʁi davlɥi]; 23 December 1926 – 1 September 2016) was a Canadian composer, organist, music educator, and arts administrator. An associate composer of the Canadian Music Centre, his compositional output consisted mainly of works for solo organ. He had an active international career as a recitalist and concert performer from 1946 through the 1990s. He held a number of church posts in Montreal, including serving as organist of St-Jean-Baptiste Church (1946–1951), Immaculée-Conception Church (1951–1954), and St-Sixte Church (1954–1959). In 1980, he was named a Member of the Order of Canada. He was married to pianist Hilda Metcalfe.

Arts administration
Arts administration (alternatively arts management) is a field in the arts sector that facilitates programming within cultural organizations. Arts administrators are responsible for facilitating the day-to-day operations of the organization as well as the long term goals by and fulfilling its vision, mission and mandate. Arts management became present in the arts and culture sector in the 1960s. Organizations include professional non-profit (referred to as not-for-profit in Canada) entities. For examples, theaters, museums, symphony orchestras, concert bands, jazz organizations, opera houses, ballet companies and many smaller professional and non-professional for-profit arts-related organizations (e.g. auction houses, art galleries, music companies, etc.). The duties of an arts administrator can include staff management, marketing, budget management, public relations, fundraising, program development evaluation, community engagement, strategic planning, and board relations.
Hussite Overture
The Hussite Overture (Czech: Husitská, dramatická ouvertura), Op. 67, B. 132, was written by Antonín Dvořák in 1883 for the gala opening of the Prague National Theater. The composition was originally intended as a part of a dramatic trilogy on the Bohemian religious leader Jan Hus.

As with the third piano trio, the Scherzo capriccioso, the Ballade in D minor, and the seventh symphony, composed in the same period, the work is written in a more dramatic, dark and aggressive style that supersedes the carefree folk style of Dvořák's "Slavonic period".

The overture is scored for piccolo, 2 flutes, 2 oboes, cor anglais, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons, 4 horns, 2 trumpets, 3 trombones, tuba, timpani, percussion (bass drum, cymbals, triangle), harp, and strings.

Cor anglais
The cor anglais (UK: /ˌkɔːr ˈɒŋɡleɪ/, US: /- ɑːŋˈɡleɪ/ or original French: [kɔʁ ɑ̃ɡlɛ]; plural: cors anglais), or English horn (mainly North America), is a double-reed woodwind instrument in the oboe family. It is approximately one and a half times the length of an oboe, making it essentially an alto oboe in F.

The cor anglais is a transposing instrument pitched in F, a perfect fifth lower than the oboe (a C instrument). This means that music for the cor anglais is written a perfect fifth higher than the instrument sounds. The fingering and playing technique used for the cor anglais are essentially the same as those of the oboe, and oboists typically double on the cor anglais when required.  The cor anglais normally lacks the lowest B♭ key found on most oboes, and so its sounding range stretches from E3 (written B♮) below middle C to C6 two octaves above middle C. Some versions have a Low B♭ key to extend the range down one more note to sounding E♭3.
YUNG (magazine)
YUNG is a quarterly magazine and online platform in the Middle East and North Africa celebrating global art, fashion, music and culture. It was founded by Sandra Yeghiazarian.

YUNG curates an annual collection called "The List" of change-makers, pioneers, and visionaries shaping the future of the MENA region and beyond. The List has featured artists such as Zeyne, Winfred Yavi, Rawdah Mohamed, Cairokee, May Calamawy, and Prince Gyasi. In April 2025, YUNG published a profile of future First Lady of New York City Rama Duwaji.

Prince Gyasi
Prince Gyasi Nyantakyi also known by the artist name Prince Gyasi is a Ghanaian international visual artist. He is the co-founder of Boxedkids, a non-profit organization helping kids from Accra get an education.
Bernauer Straße
Bernauer Straße, or Bernauer Strasse (see ß), is a street of Berlin situated between the localities of Gesundbrunnen and Mitte, today both belonging to the Mitte borough. It runs from the Mauerpark at the corner of Prenzlauer Berg to the Nordbahnhof. The street's name refers to the town of Bernau bei Berlin, situated in Brandenburg.

When Berlin was a divided city, the Berlin Wall erected in 1961 ran along this street. Bernauer Straße became famous for escapes from windows of apartment blocks in the eastern part of the city, down to the street, which was in the West.  Several people died here when the border was first enforced.

Berlin Nordbahnhof
Berlin Nordbahnhof (lit. 'Berlin North station') is a railway station in the Mitte district of Berlin, Germany. It is served by the Berlin S-Bahn and local bus and tram lines. Until 1950, the station was known as Stettiner Bahnhof.
Frank Nash
Frank Nash (February 6, 1887 – June 17, 1933) was an American bank robber, and has been called "the most successful bank robber in U.S. history." He is most noted for his violent death in the Kansas City Massacre. Nash spent part of his childhood in Paragould, Arkansas (Greene County) and was arrested in Hot Springs, Arkansas (Garland County) the day before his death.

Bank robbery
Bank robbery is the criminal act of stealing from a bank, specifically while bank employees and customers are subjected to force, violence, or a threat of violence. This refers to robbery of a bank branch or teller, as opposed to other bank-owned property, such as a train, armored car, or (historically) stagecoach. It is a federal crime in the United States.

According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation's Uniform Crime Reporting Program, robbery is "the taking or attempting to take anything of value from the care, custody, or control of a person or persons by force or threat of force or violence or by putting the victim in fear." By contrast, burglary is "unlawful entry of a structure to commit a felony or theft."
2011 BNP Paribas Open – Men's singles qualifying
The 2011 BNP Paribas Open was a tennis tournament played at Indian Wells, California in March 2011. It was the 38th edition for the men's & 23rd for the women's event. This article displays the qualifying draw of the 2011 BNP Paribas Open men's singles.

Rik de Voest
Rik de Voest (born 5 June 1980) is a former professional South African tennis player. He achieved his career-high singles ranking of world No. 110 in August 2006. Rik resides in Vancouver, Canada where he pursues a career in real estate.

De Voest qualified for the 2007 Wimbledon Championships where he lost to Marat Safin in the first round. He also qualified for the US Open later on in 2007, where he defeated Thierry Ascione 6–2, 3–0 before Ascione retired. De Voest went on to lose to John Isner in the following round.

Playing with Scott Lipsky in men's doubles, he won the Levene Gouldin & Thompson Tennis Challenger in Binghamton, New York in 2009.

In Davis Cup matches for South Africa, de Voest has a win–loss record of 27–19 (18–16 in singles, 9–3 in doubles).
Maurice Richards
Maurice Charles Rees Richards (born 2 February 1945) is a Welsh former dual-code international rugby footballer. A wing, he was part of the 1968 British Lions tour to South Africa.

Richards played rugby union at club level for Cardiff, and the Wales national rugby union team, famously scoring four tries in a Five Nations match against England, before switching to rugby league in 1969 with Salford.

1974–75 Northern Rugby Football League season
The 1974–75 Rugby Football League season was the 80th season of competition between the clubs of England's Northern Rugby Football League. The season's First Division Championship featured 16 clubs and was won by St. Helens. The Challenge Cup was won by Widnes.
Ingus Bankevics
Ingus Bankevics (born 18 April 1985) is a Latvian professional basketball player, who last played the shooting guard position for the English club Manchester Giants. He has previously played for Latvian national team Throughout his playing career.

In 2008, he won the Baltic Basketball League three-point shooting contest. In February 2011, he broke his contract with BK Ventspils. After several seasons in Latvian Basketball League (LBL) clubs, he moved abroad, initially playing in France and Lithuania, and later in the United Kingdom, where he represented Manchester Giants for many seasons.

Latvijas Basketbola līga
The Latvian Basketball League (LBL; Latvian: Latvijas Basketbola līga) also known as Optibet LBL for sponsorship reasons, is the top-level national basketball championship in Latvia composed of 6 teams. Since 2018/19, only the playoff matches are played, as the top Latvian clubs play the regular season in the Latvian–Estonian Basketball League. The LBL is governed by the Latvian Basketball Association, the national governing body of basketball in Latvia.

Its 6 teams are located in 5 cities; two in Riga, and one in Ventspils, Liepāja, Valmiera, and Ogre. The LBL season usually ran from September to April, with the playoffs in April–May. The league was founded in 1992, and its first season was played in the same year.
David Bishop (American politician)
David Tyre Bishop (March 9, 1929 – August 3, 2020) was an American lawyer and politician.

Bishop was born in Syracuse, New York. He graduated from Nottingham High School in Syracuse. He graduated from Hamilton College in 1951 and received his master's degree from the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University in 1962. Bishop also received his law degree from Cornell Law School in 1954. Bishop lived in Rochester, Minnesota with his wife and family and practiced law. He served in the Minnesota House of Representatives from 1983 to 1992 and 1993 to 2002 as a Republican.

Rochester, Minnesota
Rochester is a city in Olmsted County, Minnesota, United States. It is the county seat. It is located along rolling bluffs on the Zumbro River's south fork in Southeast Minnesota. The population was 121,395 at the 2020 census, and was estimated at 123,624 in 2024, making it the third-most populous city in Minnesota. The Rochester metropolitan area has an estimated 230,000 residents. The city is the home and birthplace of Mayo Clinic.

Rochester first developed as a stagecoach stop between Dubuque, Iowa, and Saint Paul, Minnesota. With the creation of the Mayo Clinic in 1864, Rochester became a national center for healthcare, as well as a hub for regional agriculture.  For higher education needs the University of Minnesota Rochester, Rochester Community and Technical College, and Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine are located in the city.
1990 ABN World Tennis Tournament – Doubles
Miloslav Mečíř and Milan Šrejber were the defending champions, but neither of them competed that year.Leonardo Lavalle and Jorge Lozano won the title, defeating Diego Nargiso and Nicolas Pereira 6–3, 7–6 in the final.

Leonardo Lavalle
Leonardo Lavalle Moreno (born 14 July 1967) is a former tennis player from Mexico. He reached his highest singles ATP-ranking of world No. 51 on 17 March 1986 and his highest doubles ranking of No. 23 in April 1992. Lavalle represented his native country at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, where he was defeated in the quarterfinals by the eventual runner-up Jordi Arrese from Spain. The left-hander won one career title in singles in Tel Aviv in 1991.

Lavalle won the 1984 US Open – Boys' doubles title with Mihnea Năstase. He turned professional in 1985.
He won the 1985 Wimbledon Junior singles title, and reached the men's doubles final in 1991.
His singles win was notable for the fact that the men's singles winner that year Boris Becker was younger than Leonardo. He was also a Wimbledon doubles semifinalist in 1989 and in 1990 and at the French Open in 1988 and in 1991.

Lavalle won the Abierto Mexicano doubles titles in 1993 in Mexico City at the inaugural edition, and in 1995.
9th Electoral Unit of Republika Srpska (NSRS)
The ninth electoral unit of Republika Srpska is a parliamentary constituency used to elect members to the National Assembly of Republika Srpska since 2014.  It consists of the Municipalities of Nevesinje, 
Kalinovik,
Gacko,
Foča,
Novo Goražde,
Čajniče,
Rudo,
Berkovići,
Ljubinje,
Bileća,
Trebinje,
Višegrad and
Istočni Mostar.

Rudo
Rudo (Serbian Cyrillic: Рудо) is a town and municipality in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. As of 2013, it has a population of 7,963 inhabitants, while the town of Rudo has a population of 1,949 inhabitants.

It is famous throughout former Yugoslav republics as the birthplace of the 1st Proletarian Brigade formed by Yugoslav Partisans.
André Néron
André Néron (French pronunciation: [ɑ̃dʁe neʁɔ̃]; November 30, 1922, La Clayette, France – April 6, 1985, Paris, France) was a French mathematician at the Université de Poitiers who worked on elliptic curves and abelian varieties. He discovered the Néron minimal model of an elliptic curve or abelian variety, the Néron differential, the Néron–Severi group, the Néron–Ogg–Shafarevich criterion, the local height and Néron–Tate height of rational points on an abelian variety over a discrete valuation ring or Dedekind domain, and classified the possible fibers of an elliptic fibration.

Rational point
In number theory and algebraic geometry, a rational point of an algebraic variety is a point whose coordinates belong to a given field. If the field is not mentioned, the field of rational numbers is generally understood. If the field is the field of real numbers, a rational point is more commonly called a real point.

Understanding rational points is a central goal of number theory and Diophantine geometry. For example, Fermat's Last Theorem may be restated as: for n > 2, the Fermat curve of equation  has no other rational points than (1, 0), (0, 1), and, if n is even, (–1, 0) and (0, –1).
Tōzai Line (Kobe)
The Hanshin Kobe Kosoku Line (阪神神戸高速線 Hanshin Kōbe Kōsoku sen) is one of three lines of the Kobe Rapid Transit Railway, operated by Hanshin Railway and Hankyu Railway.  Trains from Hanshin, Hankyu and Sanyo railways enter this line.

Since the Tozai Line connects three lines, it has three termini: Nishidai in the west, Hankyu Sannomiya and Motomachi in the east. All three were opened in 1968. Tracks from the three termini meet at Kosoku-Kobe. Unlike the Namboku Line, it has standard gauge tracks, 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in).

Sanyo Electric Railway
The Sanyo Electric Railway Company, Ltd. (山陽電気鉄道株式会社, San'yō Denki-tetsudō kabushiki gaisha) is a Japanese private railway operating company based in western Hyōgo Prefecture. It runs local and express rail service between Himeji and Kobe, and also connects directly with Hanshin Main Line to Osaka.

Although the Hanshin Electric Railway Co. (which owns the Hanshin Main Line) is its largest shareholder, the company is not a member of the Hankyu Hanshin Toho Group.