hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Claudius Apellinus
Claudius Apellinus was a governor of Britannia Inferior, a province of Roman Britain during the reign of Severus Alexander (AD 222 and 235). It is unclear whether his governorship precedes or succeeds those of Calvisius Rufus and Valerius Crescens Fulvianus. Apellinus is known through an inscription marking the repair of a ballistarium at Bremenium, today High Rochester, Northumberland.

Edmund Groag first suggested that this official was related to the Claudii Apellini of Perge in Pamphylia. Anthony Birley notes that it is curious that Apellinus is known as leg. Augg. pr. pr., and speculates whether Aug. was amended to Augg. (the plural form) to indicate that Apellinus had become the legate of Maximinus and his son Maximus.

Roman governor
A Roman governor was an official either elected or appointed to be the chief administrator of Roman law throughout one or more of the many provinces constituting the Roman Empire.

The generic term in Roman legal language was rector provinciae, regardless of the specific titles, which also reflects the province's intrinsic and strategic status, and corresponding differences in authority.

By the time of the early Empire, two types of provinces existed—senatorial and imperial—and several types of governor would emerge. Only proconsuls and propraetors fell under the classification of promagistrate.
Spherical Worlds
Spherical Worlds is a shoot 'em up video game developed by 4-Matted and published by Neo Software, released for Amiga platforms in 1996. The game plays from a top-down perspective, from which the player controls a spherical battle droid, shooting their way through an enemy battleship. The player can equip the droid with weapon and tool enhancements, such as additional weapons, power-ups, extra lives, and guided missiles, through a special weapon shop shown between game levels.

Life (video games)
In video games, a life is a play-turn that a player character has, defined as the period between start and end of play. Lives refer to a finite number of tries before the game ends with a game over. Sometimes the euphemisms chance, try, rest and continue are used, particularly in all-ages games, to avoid the morbid insinuation of losing one's "life". Generally, if the player loses all their health, they lose a life. Losing all lives usually grants the player character "game over", forcing them to either restart or stop playing.

The number of lives a player is granted varies per game type. A finite number of lives became a common feature in arcade games and action games during the 1980s, and mechanics such as checkpoints and power-ups made the managing of lives a more strategic experience for players over time. Lives give novice players more chances to learn the mechanics of a video game, while allowing more advanced players to take more risks.
Mirrool Parish (Sturt County), New South Wales
Mirrool Parish is a civil parish of Sturt County, New South Wales.

The Parish is located at 34°08′54″S and 146°02′04″E just north of the town of Griffith, New South Wales in the Riverina Region.

The township of Mirrool, New South Wales is 80km to the east.

Griffith, New South Wales
Griffith is a major regional city in the northern Riverina region of western New South Wales, known commonly as the food bowl of Australia. It is also the seat of the City of Griffith local government area.  Like the Australian capital, Canberra, and extensions to the nearby town of Leeton, Griffith was designed by Walter Burley Griffin and Marion Mahony Griffin. Griffith was named after Arthur Hill Griffith, the then New South Wales Secretary for Public Works. Griffith was proclaimed a city in 1987, and at the 2021 census had a population of 20,569.

It can be accessed by road from Sydney and Canberra via the Hume Highway and the Burley Griffin Way and from Melbourne, via the Newell Highway and either by using the Kidman Way or the Irrigation Way. Griffith can be accessed from other places like Adelaide, Orange, and Bathurst through the Mid-Western Highway and the Rankins Springs road from Rankins Springs and the Kidman Way from Goolgowi.
Peanut sauce
Peanut sauce, satay sauce (saté sauce), bumbu kacang, sambal kacang, or pecel is a sauce made from ground roasted or fried peanuts, widely used in Indonesian cuisine and many other dishes throughout the world.

Peanut sauce is used with meat and vegetables, with grilled skewered meat, such as satay, poured over vegetables as salad dressing such as in gado-gado, or as a dipping sauce.

Cymbopogon
Cymbopogon, also known as lemongrass, barbed wire grass, silky heads, oily heads, Cochin grass, Malabar grass, citronella grass or fever grass, is a genus of Asian, African, Australian, and tropical island plants in the grass family.
Some species (particularly Cymbopogon citratus) are commonly cultivated as culinary and medicinal herbs because of their scent, resembling that of lemons (Citrus limon).
The name Cymbopogon derives from the Greek words kymbe (κύμβη, 'boat') and pogon (πώγων, 'beard') "which mean [that] in most species, the hairy spikelets project from boat-shaped spathes." Lemongrass and its oil are believed to possess therapeutic properties.
Gábor Török (footballer)
Gábor Török (30 May 1936 – 4 January 2004) was a Hungarian football goalkeeper, who played for Újpesti Dózsa. He won a bronze medal in football at the 1960 Summer Olympics with the Hungary national football team.

Football at the 1960 Summer Olympics
The football tournament at the 1960 Summer Olympics was held from 26 August to 10 September in 1960 throughout Italy. The tournament featured 16 men's national teams from four continental confederations. Starting with this edition, the competition's format was changed: rather than a knockout tournament like in the previous Olympic Games, the 16 teams were drawn into four groups of four and each group played a round-robin tournament, in a similar format to that instituted in the 1958 FIFA World Cup, which persists to the present day. At the end of the group stage, the first-ranked teams of each group advanced to the semi-finals, and culminating with the gold medal match in Rome on 10 September 1960.
Armand Mauss
Armand Lind Mauss (June 5, 1928 – August 1, 2020) was an American sociologist specializing in the sociology of religion. He was Professor Emeritus of Sociology and Religious Studies at Washington State University and was the most frequently published author of Sociology works on Mormons during his long career. A special conference on his work in Mormon studies was held in 2013 at California's Claremont Graduate University (CGU), the papers from which were subsequently published by the University of Utah Press in the format of a Festschrift, where he was honored as "one of the most prominent Mormon intellectuals of the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries."

Urbana, Illinois
Urbana (/ɜːrˈbænə/ ur-BAN-ə) is a city in Champaign County, Illinois, United States, and its county seat. As of the 2020 census, Urbana had a population of 38,336. It is a principal city of the Champaign–Urbana metropolitan area, which had 236,000 residents in 2020. Urbana is notable for sharing the main campus of the University of Illinois with its twin city of Champaign.
Lutterworth RFC
Lutterworth Rugby Football Club (KRFC) is a rugby union club located in Lutterworth, Leicestershire. England. The 1st XV currently competes in Regional 1 Midlands – a level 5 league in the English rugby union system – following their promotion as champions of Regional 2 East Midlands at the end of the 2024-25 season, having been runners-up in the previous two seasons. The club is home to more than 20 teams which, in addition to the 1st XV, includes a 2nd XV, 3rd XV, a colts XV, a women's XV and junior sides.

Regional 1 Midlands
Regional 1 Midlands (until 2021–22 known as Midlands Premier and up until 2016–17 known as National League 3 Midlands) is a level five semi-professional league in the English rugby union system. It is one of six leagues at this level. When this division began in 1987 it was known as Midlands Division 1. The format of the league was changed at the beginning of the 2009–10 season following a reorganisation by the Rugby Football Union (RFU), and the name change from National League 3 to Premier was introduced for the 2017–18 season by the RFU in order to lessen confusion for what is a series of regional leagues. Regional 1 Midlands is the highest regional rugby union league in the English Midlands.

Syston are the current champions and are promoted to National League 2 West.
Wang Huaixiang
Wang Huaixiang (Chinese: 王淮湘) (1920 – February 23, 2013) was a Chinese general and politician. He was born in Taitou, Shandong (part of Shouguang). He was the chairman of the Revolutionary Committee (i.e., governor) of Jilin. He was a delegate to the 4th National People's Congress and a member of the 9th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and 10th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.

A beneficiary of the Cultural Revolution, Wang was quarantined for investigation in December 1977, and expelled from the Communist Party in February 1985.

9th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
The 9th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party was in session from 1969 to 1973. It was preceded by the 8th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.  It was the second central committee in session during the Chinese Cultural Revolution. Even amidst partial cultural disintegration, it was succeeded by the 10th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.  It held two plenary sessions in the 4-year period.

It elected the 9th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party in 1969.

170 individuals served as members and 109 as alternates in the 9th Central Committee.
Vocea României season 2
The second season of the Romanian reality talent show Vocea României premiered on ProTV on September 25, 2012. It was hosted by Pavel Bartoș and Nicoleta Luciu, while Vlad Roșca was the social media correspondent. All four coaches returned for their second season.

The season expanded from the first season: each coach had fourteen artists on their team, rather than twelve as in the first season, resulting in 24 contestants qualifying for the live shows, as opposed to 20 the previous year. The blind auditions have also been extended from five to six episodes. The pre-selection phase was extended to more locations across Romania; they were held June 4 to June 29, 2012, in Bucharest, Iași, Constanța, Timișoara and Cluj-Napoca.

The season finale aired on December 26, 2012. Julie Mayaya, mentored by coach Horia Brenciu, was declared winner of the season. It was Brenciu's first victory as a coach.

Buftea
Buftea (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈbufte̯a]) is a town in Ilfov County, Muntenia, Romania, located 20 km (12 mi) north-west of Bucharest. One village, Buciumeni, is administered by the town.

The film studios MediaPro Pictures and the Buftea Palace of the Știrbei family are located in Buftea.
Ray E. Davis
Raymond Elswood Davis (September 14, 1907 – August 26, 1972) was an American football player and coach of football and baseball. He was the head football and baseball coach at Louisiana Polytechnic Institute—now known as Louisiana Tech University—in 1939. Davis played college football at Howard College—now known as Samford University—in Homewood, Alabama. He played professionally in the National Football League (NFL) with the Portsmouth Spartans—now known as the Detroit Tigers in 1932 and 1933. David returned to his alma mater, Howard, in 1934, where he served as line coach for the football team under head coaches Clyde Propst and Billy Bancroft.

Homewood, Alabama
Homewood is a city in southeastern Jefferson County, Alabama, United States.  It is a suburb of Birmingham, located on the other side of Red Mountain due south of the city center. The population was 26,414 at the 2020 census.
2020 French F4 Championship
The 2020 French F4 Championship was the tenth season to run under the guise of the French F4 Championship and the third under the FIA Formula 4 regulations. The championship used Mygale M14-F4 chassis. For 2020, the series used a new 1.3-liter turbocharged engine produced by Renault Sport, replacing the previously used 2.0-litre naturally aspirated engine. The series began on 21 August at Circuit Paul Armagnac and ended on 22 November at Circuit Paul Ricard.

Mygale M14-F4
The Mygale M14-F4 is an open-wheel formula race car, designed and built by French manufacturer Mygale, for Formula 4 junior categories, since 2014.

The car has been used in several championships across the world:

NACAM Formula 4 Championship (2015–2023)

Formula 4 Australian Championship (2015–2019)

F4 British Championship (2015–2021)

F4 Chinese Championship (2015–2023)

F4 South East Asia Championship (2016–2019)

F4 Danish Championship (2017–2023)

F4 French Championship (2018–2021)

F4 Argentina Championship (2021)
Momordicine
A momordicine is any of several compounds found in the bitter melon vine, Momordica charantia.  They are glycosides of cucurbitane derivatives.  They include

Momordicine II

Momordicine IV, 7-O-D-glucopyranosyl-3,23-dihydroxycucurbita-5,24-dien-19-al

Momordicine II and IV can be extracted from the leaves of M. charantia by methanol.  They have been found to deter egg-laying of the leaf mining fly (Liriomyza trifolii) at a combined concentration of 96 μg/cm2.

Momordica charantia
Momordica charantia (commonly called bitter melon, gouya,  cerassee, goya, bitter apple, bitter gourd, bitter squash, balsam-pear, karela, karavila and many more names listed below) is a tropical and subtropical vine of the family Cucurbitaceae, widely grown in Asia, Africa, and the Caribbean for its edible fruit. Its many varieties differ substantially in the shape and bitterness of the fruit.

Bitter melon originated in Africa, where it was a dry-season staple food of ǃKung hunter-gatherers. Wild or semi-domesticated variants spread across Asia in prehistory, and it was likely fully domesticated in Southeast Asia. It is widely used in the cuisines of East Asia, South Asia, and Southeast Asia.
Image derivative
Image derivatives can be computed by using small convolution filters of size 2 × 2 or 3 × 3, such as the  Laplacian, Sobel, Roberts and Prewitt operators. However, a larger mask will generally give a better approximation of the derivative and examples of such filters are Gaussian derivatives and Gabor filters. Sometimes high frequency noise needs to be removed and this can be incorporated in the filter so that the Gaussian kernel will act as a band pass filter. The use of Gabor filters in image processing has been motivated by some of its similarities to the perception in the human visual system.

The pixel value is computed as a convolution

where  is the derivative kernel and  is the pixel values in a region of the image and  is the operator that performs the convolution.

Roberts cross
The Roberts cross operator is used in image processing and computer vision for edge detection.  It was one of the first edge detectors and was initially proposed by Lawrence Roberts in 1963. As a differential operator, the idea behind the Roberts cross operator is to approximate the gradient of an image through discrete differentiation which is achieved by computing the sum of the squares of the differences between diagonally adjacent pixels.
Lexie Liu
Lexie Liu, also known as Liu Boxin (Chinese: 刘柏辛; pinyin: Liú Bóxīn; born December 21, 1998), is a Chinese singer, rapper and songwriter. In 2015, she participated in K-pop Star 5, a South Korean reality TV competition series where her group came in fourth place. In July 2018, she participated in The Rap of China and finished fourth place, which launched her career as a solo artist. In February 2019, Liu released her debut EP 2030.
She also featured as Seraphine in the K/DA song "More". She followed her debut EP with the album Meta Ego in 2019. In 2021, she released her EP Gone Gold, and in 2022, Liu released her album The Happy Star.

Killy (rapper)
Khalil Tatem (born August 19, 1997), better known by his stage name Killy (stylized as KILLY), is a Canadian rapper from Toronto. He is best known for his break-out single "Killamonjaro" which is certified Platinum by Music Canada, and his debut album "Surrender Your Soul" which is certified Gold by Music Canada.
Spring Garden (Miami)
Spring Garden is a neighborhood of Miami, Florida, United States. The section of the city is one of the oldest purpose-built single-family residential neighborhoods in Miami and in the Greater Miami area. It is bound by the Dolphin Expressway (SR 836) to the north, the Seybold Canal (formerly Wagner Creek and Northwest Eighth Street Road to the east, by the Miami River to the southwest, and West 12th Avenue (SR 933) to the west.

Florida State Road 933
State Road 933 (SR 933), locally known as West 12th Avenue, and Ronald W. Reagan Avenue, is a 4.25-mile (6.84 km) long north–south street entirely within the city limits of Miami, Florida.  Its southern terminus is an intersection with Coral Way as Coral Way changes from Southwest 22nd Street to Southwest Third Avenue; its northern terminus is an interchange with the Airport Expressway (SR 112). North of Dolphin Expressway (SR 836), reassurance signage is virtually nonexistent (only one near the SR 836 onramp for southbound motorists), and the only indication of SR 933 existing north of Northwest 14th Street is a pair of trailblazer signs on Northwest 36th Street (US 27-SR 25).
Giant (play)
Giant is a play by Mark Rosenblatt. It is a dramatisation of a period in Roald Dahl's life after his 1983 literary review of a picture book about the siege of West Beirut by the Israeli army during the 1982 Lebanon War was deemed anti-Semitic. It premiered at the Royal Court Theatre in 2024 in a production starring John Lithgow as Dahl which won three Laurence Olivier Awards, including Best New Play.

Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Play
The Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Play is an annual award presented by the Society of London Theatre in recognition of achievements in professional London theatre. The awards were established as the Society of West End Theatre Awards in 1976, and renamed in 1984 in honour of English actor and director Laurence Olivier.

The award was titled Play of the Year from its establishment in 1976, and was first retitled to its current name for the 2001 Olivier Awards.
Stary Miastków
Stary Miastków [ˈstarɨ ˈmjastkuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Miastków Kościelny, within Garwolin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

Five Polish citizens were murdered by Nazi Germany in the village during World War II.

Garwolin County
Garwolin County (Polish: powiat garwoliński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Masovian Voivodeship, east-central Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Garwolin, which lies 56 kilometres (35 mi) south-east of Warsaw. The county contains three other towns: Łaskarzew, 13 km (8 mi) south of Garwolin, Pilawa, 10 km (6 mi) north-west of Garwolin, and Żelechów, 22 km (14 mi) south-east of Garwolin.

The county covers an area of 1,284.29 square kilometres (495.9 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 104,917, out of which the population of Garwolin is 17,501, that of Łaskarzew is 4,840, that of Pilawa is 4,578, that of Żelechów is 3,988, and the rural population is 74,010.
WAQF Tower
WAQF Tower is a skyscraper in Niamey, Niger, and is the country's tallest building, standing at 58.85 m (193.1 ft). Construction finished in 2019. The foundation was ceremonially laid by Niger's president Mahamadou Issoufou.

Mahamadou Issoufou
Mahamadou Issoufou (born 1 January 1952) is a Nigerien politician who served as the president of Niger from 7 April 2011 to 2 April 2021. Issoufou was the prime minister of Niger from 1993 to 1994, president of the National Assembly from 1995 to 1996, and a candidate in each presidential election from 1993 to 2016. He led the Nigerien Party for Democracy and Socialism (PNDS-Tarayya), a social democratic party, from its foundation in 1990 until his election as president in 2011. During the presidency of Mamadou Tandja (1999–2010), Issoufou was the main opposition leader.

Having left power by respecting the constitution that limited him to two presidential terms, thus leading to the first ever democratic transition of power in the country, in March 2021 he received the Ibrahim Prize for good governance, democratic election and respect of term limits.
Certain (horse)
Certain (foaled 1996 in Florida) is an American Thoroughbred racehorse. His sire was Out of Place and his grandsire was Cox's Ridge. Conditioned for racing by two trainers, Leo Azpurua Jr and Terry J. Brennan, Certain had three wins and two second places in five starts at age two. His best winning performance was in the grade three What a Pleasure Stakes. His three-year-old debut was an allowance win over The Groom is Red and Cryptodiplomacy, both owned by basketball coach Rick Pitino. Certain's next race was the Fountain of Youth Stakes where he finished third by one length behind winner Vicar and second Cat Thief. His next race was in the Florida Derby where he finished fourth.

Florida Derby
The Florida Derby is an American Thoroughbred horse race for three-year-old horses held annually at Gulfstream Park in Hallandale Beach, Florida. Since 2005, it has been run five weeks before the Kentucky Derby, which is held on the first Saturday in May. Thus the Florida Derby is currently run either at the end of March or the beginning of April. Added to the racing schedule in 1952, the Grade I race is run at 1+1⁄8 miles on the dirt. The purse was increased to $1 million in 2011 but was reduced to $750,000 for 2020 and 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The purse was once again increased to $1 million in 2022.
Jeff Klein
Jeffrey Lawrence Klein is an American singer-songwriter of the band My Jerusalem from Newburgh, New York, who plays keyboards and guitar. He has released three solo albums and another three albums with My Jerusalem. Jeff Klein has risen to acclaim after the release of his album 'Everybody Loves A Winner' which gave him the necessary critical acclaim in the beginning and provided him with an international reach towards some few parts of every continent.

One Little Independent Records
One Little Independent Records (formerly One Little Indian Records) is an English independent record label. It was founded in 1985 by former Flux of Pink Indians bassist Derek Birkett, his wife Sue Birkett and former Flux guitarist Tim Kelly. In the 1990s it set up a number of subsidiary labels.
Haapaniemi, Jyväskylä
Haapaniemi is a district of Jyväskylä in Central Finland, located to the south of Vaajakoski. Before 2009, it was a part of Jyväskylän maalaiskunta and was one of its register villages. The distance to central Jyväskylä is roughly 6 km.

Laukaa
Laukaa (Finnish: [ˈlɑu̯kɑː]; Swedish: Laukas) is a municipality of Finland. It is located next to Jyväskylä and is part of the Central Finland region. The municipality has a population of 18,876 (30 June 2025) and covers an area of 825.59 square kilometres (318.76 sq mi) of which 177.09 km2 (68.37 sq mi) is water.  The population density is 29.11 inhabitants per square kilometre (75.4/sq mi).

The municipality is unilingually Finnish.

The subject of Laukaa's coat of arms refers to the municipality's abundant coniferous forests and Laukaa's location in the heart of Finland. The explanation of the coat of arms is "a red heart in a silver field, from which grows a three-pronged green conifer." The coat of arms was designed by Olof Eriksson and approved by the Laukaa Municipal Council at its meeting on June 6, 1955. The Ministry of the Interior confirmed the use of the coat of arms on September 5 of the same year.