hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of Salem Church
38°17′20″N 77°31′51″W﻿ / ﻿38.28889°N 77.53083°W﻿ / 38.28889; -77.53083

The Battle of Salem Church, took place on May 4 respectively, 1863, in Spotsylvania County, Virginia, as part of the Chancellorsville Campaign of the American Civil War.

General officers in the Confederate States Army
The general officers of the Confederate States Army (CSA) were the senior military leaders of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War of 1861–1865. They were often former officers from the United States Army (the regular army) before the Civil War, while others were given the rank based on merit or when necessity demanded. Most Confederate generals needed confirmation from the Confederate States Congress, much like prospective generals in the modern U.S. armed forces.

Like all of the Confederacy's military forces, these generals answered to their civilian leadership, in particular Jefferson Davis, the president of the Confederate States of America and therefore commander-in-chief of the military forces of the Confederate States.
2016–17 MRF Challenge Formula 2000 Championship
The 2016–17 MRF Challenge Formula 2000 Championship was the fifth running of the MRF Challenge Formula 2000 Championship. It began on 18 November 2016 at the Bahrain International Circuit in Sakhir, Bahrain and ended on 19 February 2017 at the Madras Motor Racing Track in Chennai, India. The series comprised 16 races spread across four meetings, with the first round in Bahrain being a support event to the FIA World Endurance Championship.

2016 FIA World Endurance Championship
The 2016 FIA World Endurance Championship season was the fifth edition of the FIA World Endurance Championship auto racing series co-organised by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) and the Automobile Club de l'Ouest (ACO). The series was open to Le Mans Prototypes and grand tourer-style racing cars meeting four ACO categories. The season began at the Silverstone Circuit in April and ended at the Bahrain International Circuit in November, and included the 84th running of the 24 Hours of Le Mans. This season was also the last WEC season for Audi Sport Team Joest as they decided not to race in the 2017 FIA World Endurance Championship Season.
2008 California State Senate election
The 2008 California State Senate elections took place on November 4, 2008. Voters in California's odd-numbered State Senate districts, a total of 20, voted for their state senators. No seats changed parties and the Democratic Party maintained its 25-seat majority, while the Republican Party held 15 seats. Other elections also took place in California on November 4.

Only a single State Senate district, the 19th, was considered truly competitive by political analysts.

2008 California elections
Elections were held in California on November 4, 2008. Among the elections taking place were those for the office of President of the United States, all the seats of California's delegation to the House of Representatives, all of the seats of the State Assembly, and all of the odd-numbered seats of the State Senate. Twelve propositions also appeared on the ballot. Numerous local elections also took place throughout the state.
2025 Beijing Guoan F.C. season
The 2025 season was Beijing Guoan F.C.'s 61st season in Chinese football competitions. This season marks the club's 22nd consecutive season in the Chinese Super League since the league's inaugural season in 2004, and it is the club's 35th consecutive season in the top-flight of Chinese football. It covered a period from 1 January 2025 to 31 December 2025.

Guoan finished 4th in the domestic league, and won the season's edition of the Chinese FA Cup. Guoan participated in the group stage of the 2025–26 AFC Champions League Two, but was eliminated from the next round of the competition.

2025–26 AFC Champions League Two
The 2025–26 AFC Champions League Two is the 22nd edition of the Asia's second-tier club football tournament, organized by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC), and the second under the AFC Champions League Two title.

It features 32 teams in the group stage. The winner will be given a direct league stage slot for the 2026–27 AFC Champions League Elite, if they have not already qualified through their domestic performance.

Sharjah are the reigning champions. They were unable to defend their title as they participated in the AFC Champions League Elite league stage instead.
ArviZ
ArviZ (/ˈɑːrvɪz/ AR-vees) is a Python package for exploratory analysis of Bayesian models. It is specifically designed to work with the output of probabilistic programming libraries like PyMC, Stan, and others by providing a set of tools for summarizing and visualizing the results of Bayesian inference in a convenient and informative way. ArviZ also provides a common data structure for manipulating and storing data commonly arising in Bayesian analysis, like posterior samples or observed data.

ArviZ is an open source project, developed by the community and is an affiliated project of NumFOCUS. and it has been used to help interpret inference problems in several scientific domains, including astronomy, neuroscience, physics and statistics.

Markov chain Monte Carlo
In statistics, Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) is a class of algorithms used to draw samples from a probability distribution. Given a probability distribution, one can construct a Markov chain whose elements' distribution approximates it – that is, the Markov chain's equilibrium distribution matches the target distribution. The more steps that are included, the more closely the distribution of the sample matches the actual desired distribution.

Markov chain Monte Carlo methods are used to study probability distributions that are too complex or too high dimensional to study with analytic techniques alone. Various algorithms exist for constructing such Markov chains, including the Metropolis–Hastings algorithm.
Jessica Vosk
Jessica Vosk (born September 30, 1983) is an American singer and actress, best known for her performance as the lead role of Elphaba Thropp in Wicked, which she played on Broadway at the Gershwin Theatre from July 2018 to May 2019 (a period that included the show's 15th Anniversary). She also starred as Elphaba in the show's second national tour from September 2016 to September 2017.

Since 2024, she has voiced Lute in the adult animated musical series Hazbin Hotel.

Vosk has numerous other Broadway credits, including Jersey in Hell's Kitchen and in 2026 will star on Broadway in the musical adaptation of Beaches.

54 Below
54 Below is a nonprofit cabaret and restaurant in the basement of Studio 54 in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. Run by Broadway producers Steve Baruch, Richard Frankel, Marc Routh and Tom Viertel, 54 Below has hosted shows by such performers as Patti LuPone, Ben Vereen, Sierra Boggess, Peggy King, Lea Salonga, Marilyn Maye, Luann de Lesseps and Barbara Cook.
Akiko Solon
Akiko Solon (born January 3, 1994, as Akiko Maria Leslie Villamor Solon) is a Filipino singer and actress. She joined Star Power: Sharon Search For the Next Female Superstar in 2010 and placed fifth in the contest. She is now currently under Star Magic.

Star Magic
ABS-CBN Center for Communication Arts, Inc., doing business as Star Magic (formerly known as Discovery, ABS-CBN Talent Center, and Star Circle) and also stylized as StarMagic without space in between words, is a Philippine talent agency owned by ABS-CBN Corporation based in Quezon City, Metro Manila. Founded in 1988, Star Magic has been one of the Philippines' leading talent management agencies for decades, and has managed many of the country's top stars.
Robert Kennedy (field hockey)
Robert L. Kennedy (31 July 1880 – 22 April 1963) was an Irish field hockey player who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics. In 1908 he represented the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland as a member of the Irish national team. He won the silver medal with the team Ireland.

Ireland men's national field hockey team
The Ireland men's national field hockey team is organised by Hockey Ireland and represents both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland in international men's field hockey competitions, including the Men's Hockey World Cup and the EuroHockey Nations Championship. They have previously competed in the Men's Intercontinental Cup, the Hockey Champions Challenge, the Men's FIH Hockey World League and the FIH Hockey Series. The team also competes at the Summer Olympics, though it officially only represents the Republic of Ireland then (using the Republic's flag and national anthem), while still selecting players from the entire island. On 26 January 1895 Ireland played in the first ever international field hockey match when they defeated Wales 3–0 in Rhyl. Ireland were finalists and silver medallists at the 1908 Summer Olympics. Ireland were also bronze medallists at the 2015 Men's EuroHockey Nations Championship.
Worawet Chanuthai
Worawet Chanuthai (Thai: วรเวศ จันทร์อุทัย) or formerly Nantawet Chanuthai (Thai: นันทเวศ จันทร์อุทัย) is a Thai footballer. He played for various teams in Thailand Premier League including Bangkok Bank FC, Provincial Electricity Authority FC (PEA), Thai Port FC and Samut Songkhram F.C. He won the Thailand Premier League in 2008 playing for PEA.

His other teams include Songkhla F.C., Suphanburi F.C., Lampang F.C., Satun United F.C.

He is currently retired from football and works at Songkhla Zoo.

Thai script
The Thai script (Thai: อักษรไทย, RTGS: akson thai, pronounced [ʔàksɔ̌ːn tʰāj]) is the abugida used to write Thai, Southern Thai and many other languages spoken in Thailand. The Thai script itself (as used to write Thai) has 44 consonant symbols (Thai: พยัญชนะ, phayanchana), 16 vowel symbols (Thai: สระ, sara) that combine into at least 32 vowel forms, four tone diacritics (Thai: วรรณยุกต์ or วรรณยุต, wannayuk or wannayut), and other diacritics.

Although commonly referred to as the Thai alphabet, the script is not a true alphabet but an abugida, a writing system in which the full characters represent consonants with diacritical marks for vowels; the absence of a vowel diacritic gives an implied 'a' or 'o'. Consonants are written horizontally from left to right, and vowels following a consonant in speech are written above, below, to the left or to the right of it, or a combination of those.
Justin Vogel
Paul Justin Vogel (born October 14, 1993) is an American former professional football player who was a punter in the National Football League (NFL). He signed with the Green Bay Packers as an undrafted free agent in 2017. He played college football for the Miami Hurricanes.

Punter (gridiron football)
A punter in gridiron football is a special teams player who receives the snapped ball directly from the line of scrimmage and then punts (kicks) the football to the opposing team so as to limit any field position advantage. This generally happens on a fourth down in American football and a third down in Canadian football. Punters may also occasionally take part in fake punts in those same situations, when they throw or run the football to get a first down instead of punting.
Alexandra Boltasseva
Alexandra Boltasseva (born January 11, 1978), is Ron And Dotty Garvin Tonjes Distinguished Professor of electrical and computer engineering at Purdue University, and editor-in-chief for The Optical Society's Optical Materials Express journal. Her research focuses on plasmonic metamaterials, manmade composites of metals that use surface plasmons to achieve optical properties not seen in nature.

Nanophotonics
Nanophotonics or nano-optics is the study of the behavior of light on the nanometer scale, and of the interaction of nanometer-scale objects with light. It is a  branch of optics, optical engineering, electrical engineering, and nanotechnology. It often involves dielectric structures such as nanoantennas, or metallic components, which can transport and focus light via surface plasmon polaritons.

The term "nano-optics", just like the term "optics", usually refers to situations involving ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared light (free-space wavelengths from 300 to 1200 nanometers).
Psammaecius
Psammaecius is a genus of wasps belonging to the family Bembicidae.

The species of this genus are found in Europe and North America.

Species:

Psammaecius austeni Turner, 1919

Psammaecius eremorum de Beaumont, 1952

Bembicidae
The Bembicidae comprise a large family of apoid wasps that includes over 80 genera and over 1800 species, which have a worldwide distribution. They excavate nests in soil, frequently in sandy soil, and store insects of several orders—for example Diptera, Orthoptera, Hemiptera, Lepidoptera and Odonata—in the burrows. Some species are kleptoparasites of other Bembicidae. The different subgroups of Bembicidae are each quite distinctive, and rather well defined, with clear morphological and behavioral differences between them.
Kuntur Wachanan
Kuntur Wachanan (Quechua kuntur condor, wacha birth, to give birth, -na a suffix, 'where the condor is born', -n a suffix, also spelled Condorhuachanan) is a mountain in the Andes of Peru, about 4,800 m (15,700 ft) high. It lies between the Waywash mountain range in the west and the lake named Lawriqucha in the east. Kuntur Wachanan is situated in the Huánuco Region, Lauricocha Province, in the districts of Cauri and Jesús.  The Waywash River (Huayhuash) flows along its northern slopes. It belongs to the Marañón watershed.

Cordillera Huayhuash
Huayhuash (possibly from Quechua waywash, weasel, or waywashi, squirrel) is a mountain range within the Andes of Peru, in the boundaries of the regions of Ancash, Lima and Huánuco. Since 2002 it is protected within the Cordillera Huayhuash Reserved Zone.
RML 64-pounder gun
RML 64-pounder gun denotes one of several British rifled muzzle-loading artillery pieces which fired a 64-pound projectile.

Guns of this type differ by their weight, expressed in hundredweight (cwt), and whether they were built from scratch or converted from existing smoothbore guns. They include:

RML 64-pounder 58 cwt, a gun for land use converted from the smoothbore 32 pounder 58 cwt gun

RML 64-pounder 64 cwt gun, a gun for land and naval use, scratch-built rather than converted from a smoothbore

RML 64-pounder 71 cwt gun, a gun for land and naval use converted from the smoothbore ML 8-inch shell gun

ML 8-inch shell gun
The ML 8-inch shell guns of 50 cwt, 54 cwt and 65 cwt  were the three variants of British cast iron smoothbore muzzle-loading guns designed specifically to fire the new generation of exploding shells pioneered in the early to mid-nineteenth century by Henri-Joseph Paixhans.
Google for Education
Google for Education is a service from Google that provides independently customizable versions of several Google products using a domain name provided by the customer. It features several Web applications with similar functionality to traditional office suites, including Gmail, Hangouts, Meet, Google Calendar, Drive, Docs, Sheets, Slides, Groups, News, Play, Sites, and Vault. The products also tie into the use of Chromebooks which can be added to the Google Workspace Domain of the educational establishment.

Google Workspace for Education and Google Workspace for Nonprofits (for accredited 501(c)(3) nonprofit entities) are free and offer the same amount of storage as other Google Workspace accounts.

In addition to shared apps (calendar, docs, etc.), Google provides Google Workspace Marketplace, an app store for Google Workspace users.  It contains various apps, both free and paid, which can be installed to customize the Google for Education experience for the user.

Google Workspace Marketplace
Google Workspace Marketplace (formerly Google Apps Marketplace and then G Suite Marketplace) is a product of Google LLC. It is an online store for free and paid web applications that work with Google Workspace services and with third party software. Apps are based on Google APIs or on Google Apps Script. Users can now install Google Chat apps from app listing pages.
Sassetta
Stefano di Giovanni di Consolo, known as il Sassetta  (c. 1392–1450) was a Tuscan painter of the Renaissance, and a significant figure of the Sienese School.  While working within the Sienese tradition, he innovated the style by introducing elements derived from the decorative Gothic style and the realism of contemporary Florentine innovators as Masaccio.

Bernard Berenson
Bernard Berenson (June 26, 1865 – October 6, 1959) was an American art historian specializing in the Renaissance. His book The Drawings of the Florentine Painters was an international success. His wife Mary is thought to have had a large hand in some of the writings.

Berenson was a major figure in the attribution of Old Masters, at a time when these were attracting new interest by American collectors, and his judgments were widely respected in the art world.
Benzweiler
Benzweiler (German pronunciation: [ˈbɛntsvaɪlɐ]) is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis (district) in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde Simmern-Rheinböllen, whose seat is in Simmern. Benzweiler is a tourism municipality (Fremdenverkehrsgemeinde).

Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis
Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis is a district (German: Kreis) in the middle of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. The neighbouring districts are (from north clockwise) Mayen-Koblenz, Rhein-Lahn, Mainz-Bingen, Bad Kreuznach, Birkenfeld, Bernkastel-Wittlich, Cochem-Zell.
Christophe Joseph Marie Dabiré
Christophe Joseph Marie Dabiré (born 27 August 1948) is a Burkinabé politician who served as the Prime Minister of Burkina Faso from 21 January 2019 to 28 December 2020 and from 5 January 2021 to 8 December 2021. He was appointed to the position of Prime Minister by President Roch Marc Christian Kaboré following the resignation of Paul Kaba Thieba and his cabinet. Dabiré had previously represented Burkina Faso at the West African Economic and Monetary Union, and went on to serve as a minister under former president Blaise Compaoré from 1994 to 1996, with Kaboré holding the title of Prime Minister.

Paul Kaba Thieba
Paul Kaba Thieba (born 28 July 1960) is a Burkinabé economist and politician who was appointed and served as Prime Minister of Burkina Faso from 6 January 2016 to 18 January 2019. Thieba was appointed by President Roch Marc Christian Kaboré on 6 January 2016, shortly after Kaboré took office. Previously he worked at the Central Bank of West African States and the West African Monetary Union.
Dream Park (amusement park)
Dream Park is an amusement park located on Oasis Road, in 6th of October City in the Giza Governorate, 8 km (5.0 mi) from the Pyramids of Giza. With an area of 150 acres (61 ha), it's one of the largest amusement parks in the Middle East. It was developed by Ahmed Bahgat. It opened in 1999 and was designed by the Canadian company Forrec, (designer of Universal Studios). Dream Park can accommodate 30,000 visitors daily and includes a wide range of attractions.

6th of October (city)
6th of October is a city in the Giza Governorate, Egypt. It is a satellite city, located adjacent to Giza, and is part of the Greater Cairo region. The city served as the capital of the now-defunct 6th of October Governorate, which was dissolved in 2011. Established as a new city in the desert, 6th of October hosts several local and international educational facilities.
Andrew Law (composer)
Andrew Law (1749–1821) was an American composer, preacher and singing teacher. He was born in Milford, Connecticut. Law wrote mostly simple hymn tunes and arranged tunes of other composers. In 1781, he was granted the first authorial copyright in the United States, though there is some debate about which work the grant applied to. His works include Select Harmony (1778), a Collection of Best Tunes and Anthems (1779), and The Art of Singing in Three Parts (1792–96). He was among the first American composers to put the melody in the soprano instead of the tenor part, and was also one of the first Americans to write about music. Andrew Law was a pioneer of the FASOLA (Shape note) system of musical notation which simplified lessons in reading music during the Singing School era of New England music.  FASOLA singing is also known as "Shape Note Singing". He published Essays on Music in 1814. Andrew Law died in 1821.

Shape note
Shape notes are a musical notation designed to facilitate congregational and social singing.  The notation became a popular teaching device in American singing schools during the 19th century. Shapes were added to the noteheads in written music to help singers find pitches within major and minor scales without the use of more complex information found in key signatures on the staff.

Shape notes of various kinds have been used for over two centuries in a variety of music traditions.
Pirogue Island State Park
Pirogue Island State Park is a public recreation area on an island in the Yellowstone River, two miles north of Miles City, Montana. The 269-acre (109 ha) state park has 2.8 miles (4.5 km) of designated hiking trails and, according to the Montana Department of Tourism, "[w]ildlife viewing, fishing for sauger, river floating, and Montana moss agate hunting are popular activities."

Yellowstone River
The Yellowstone River is a tributary of the Missouri River, approximately 671 miles (1,080 km) long, in the Western United States. Considered the principal tributary of the upper Missouri, via its own tributaries it drains an area with headwaters across the mountains and high plains of southern Montana and northern Wyoming, and stretching east from the Rocky Mountains in the vicinity of Yellowstone National Park. It flows northeast to its confluence with the Missouri River on the North Dakota side of the border, about 25 miles (40 km) west of Williston.
Sultan Abdul Samad Mosque
The Sultan Abdul Samad Mosque or KLIA Mosque ({{langx|ms|Masjid Sultan Abdul Samad KLIA}) is a mosque near Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA) at Sepang District, Selangor, Malaysia. The mosque was originally named as KLIA Mosque and was officially named after Almarhum Sultan Abdul Samad who was the fourth Sultan of Selangor. It is also used as an international mosque for tourist who arrived and depart from/to KLIA. It is also a public mosque for Muslims from Salak Tinggi and KLIA Town Centre.

Spanning 17.96 acres (7.27 ha), the mosque could accommodate 8,000 congregants.

Salak Tinggi
Salak Tinggi is a town in Sepang District, Selangor, Malaysia. Located about 9 km north of the Kuala Lumpur International Airport, it is the seat of the Sepang district's administration.

Due to its proximity to the airport, Salak Tinggi is occasionally known as Airport City.
Riverscape
A riverscape (also called river landscape) comprises the features of the landscape which can be found on and along a river. Most features of riverscapes include natural landforms (such as meanders and oxbow lakes) but they can also include artificial landforms (such as man-made levees and river groynes). Riverscapes can be divided into upper course riverscapes, middle course riverscapes, and lower course riverscapes.

The term riverine is sometimes used to indicate the same type of landscape as a riverscape, or only the riverbank. Riverine landscapes may also be defined as a network of rivers and their surrounding land, which is excellent for agricultural use because of the rich and fertile soil. The word riverine is also used as an adjective which means "relating to or found on a river or the banks of a river".

Riparian forest
A riparian forest or riparian woodland is a forested or wooded area of land adjacent to a body of water such as a river, stream, pond, lake, marshland, estuary, canal, sink, or reservoir. Due to the broad nature of the definition, riparian woodlands have a huge diversity of characteristics including but not limited to soil composition, microclimates, and vegetative structures. However, among the varied range and landscapes, one factor stays constant: a high rate of primary productivity. This makes riparian forests hugely important centers of nutrient recycling.