hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Staurothele pulvinata
Staurothele pulvinata is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), squamulose lichen in the family Verrucariaceae. The lichen was first formally described in 1861 by Theodor Magnus Fries, as a member of genus Endocarpon. The type specimen was collected from northern Norway. The taxon was later transferred to Dermatocarpon by Gustav Wilhelm Körber in 1863, and to Polyblastia by Antonio Jatta in 1900. Starri Heiðmarsson moved it to Staurothele in 2017, based on molecular phylogenetic analysis that showed it belonged to that genus. It is one of few squamulose species in a genus comprising mostly crustose lichens. Staurothele pulvinata has an arctic-alpine distribution; it has been recorded from Europe, Greenland, Iceland, and the United States.

Gustav Wilhelm Körber
Gustav Wilhelm Körber (10 January 1817, Hirschberg – 27 January 1885, Breslau) was a Silesian-German lichenologist and a professor at the University of Breslau. He specialized in the flora of Central Europe.
Nibang station
Nibang (Chinese: 倪浜), with the subname Yangcheng Digital Valley (Chinese: 阳澄数谷), is a station on Line 3 of the Suzhou Metro. The station is located in Suzhou Industrial Park, Jiangsu. It has been in use since December 25, 2019, when Line 3 first opened to the public.

Suzhou Metro
Suzhou Metro, previously known as Suzhou Rail Transit, is a rapid transit system serving the city of Suzhou, in Jiangsu Province, China. Line 1 began operation on April 28, 2012. Line 2 opened on December 28, 2013. A further three lines, and an extension of Line 2, were completed between 2016 and 2021. Line 11, connecting Kunshan city which is under Suzhou's administration, and beyond to the Shanghai Metro, was completed on June 24, 2023, and a further three lines were opened in 2024.

Daily ridership increased from 680,000 (2017 average) to 899,000 (2018 average) to 995,000 (2019 average) to 1.935 million (2025 average). Record ridership increased from 1,130,000 (30 April 2017) to 1,548,000 (2 May 2019 record).
Corona radiata
In neuroanatomy, the corona radiata is a white matter sheet that continues inferiorly as the internal capsule and superiorly as the centrum semiovale. This sheet of both ascending and descending axons carries most of the neural traffic from and to the cerebral cortex. The corona radiata is associated with the  corticopontine tract, the corticobulbar tract, and the corticospinal tract.

Corticospinal tract
The corticospinal tract is a white matter motor pathway starting at the cerebral cortex that terminates on lower motor neurons and interneurons in the spinal cord, controlling movements of the limbs and trunk. There are more than one million neurons in the corticospinal tract, and they become myelinated usually in the first two years of life.

The corticospinal tract is one of the pyramidal tracts, the other being the corticobulbar tract.
Talk (Paul Kelly album)
Talk is the debut album by Australian rock group Paul Kelly and the Dots and was originally released on 30 March 1981 by Mushroom Records and re-released in 1990. Jo Jo Zep & The Falcons leader Joe Camilleri produced seven of the eleven tracks with three tracks produced by Martin Armiger (The Sports) and one by Trevor Lucas (ex-Fairport Convention, Fotheringay). The album spawned the singles, "Recognition", "Billy Baxter" and "Lowdown". Only "Billy Baxter" appeared on the Kent Music Report Singles Chart it peaked at No. 38. The album peaked at No. 44 on the related Albums Chart. All tracks were written by Kelly, including two co-written with guitarist Chris Langman.

Fotheringay
Fotheringay was a short-lived British folk rock group, formed in 1970 by singer-songwriter and musician Sandy Denny on her departure from Fairport Convention. The band drew its name from her 1968 composition "Fotheringay" about Fotheringhay Castle, in which Mary, Queen of Scots had been imprisoned. The song originally appeared on the 1969 Fairport Convention album, What We Did on Our Holidays, Denny's first album with that group.  The original Fotheringay released one self-titled album but disbanded at the start of 1971 as Denny embarked on a solo career. Forty-five years later, a new version of the band re-formed featuring the three original surviving members together with other musicians, and toured in 2015 and 2016.
Sanjak of Çanad
The Sanjak of Çanad (Turkish: Çanad sancağı, Liva-i Çanad) was a sanjak (district) of the Ottoman Empire located mostly in what is today northwestern Banat (northernmost Serbia, southernmost Hungary and northwesternmost Romania), centered at Cenad (Hungarian: Csanád, in modern Romania). It existed from the middle of the 16th century, up to the beginning of the 18th century.

Banat
Banat (UK: /ˈbænɪt, ˈbɑːn-/ BAN-it, BAHN-, US: /bəˈnɑːt, bɑː-/ bə-NAHT, bah-; Romanian: Banat; Hungarian: Bánság; Serbian: Банат, romanized: Banat) is a geographical and historical region located in the Pannonian or Carpathian Basin that straddles Central and Eastern Europe. It is divided among three countries: the eastern part lies in western Romania (the counties of Timiș, Caraș-Severin, Arad south of the Mureș river, and the western part of Mehedinți); the western part of Banat is in northeastern Serbia (mostly included in Vojvodina, except for a small part included in the Belgrade Region); and a small northern part lies within southeastern Hungary (Csongrád-Csanád County).

The region's historical ethnic diversity was severely affected by the events of World War II. Today, Banat is mostly populated by ethnic Romanians, Serbs and Hungarians, but small populations of other ethnic groups also live in the region. Nearly all are citizens of either Serbia, Romania or Hungary.
Fungai Chaderopa
Fungai Chaderopa is a Zimbabwean politician. Elected in 2008, she served in the parliament of Zimbabwe, representing the Sanyati constituency. With the help of the Zimbabwe Republic Police, she caused the capture, unlawful imprisonment and torture of Movement for Democratic Change – Tsvangirai activists who opposed her views. She reran in 2013, but lost.

Parliament of Zimbabwe
The Parliament of Zimbabwe is the bicameral legislature of Zimbabwe composed of the Senate and the National Assembly. The Senate is the upper house, and consists of 80 members, 60 of whom are elected by proportional representation from ten six-member constituencies corresponding to the country's provinces. Of the remaining 20 seats, 18 are reserved for chiefs, and two for people with disabilities. The National Assembly is the lower house, and consists of 280 members. Of these, 210 are elected from single-member constituencies. The remaining 70 seats are reserved women's and youth quotas: 60 for women; 10 for youth. These are elected by proportional representation from ten six-member and one-member constituencies respectively, corresponding to the country's provinces.

Formerly based at Parliament House, Harare, the parliament moved to the New Zimbabwe Parliament Building in October 2023. The new building has 650 seats, which will allow the parliament to expand.
Lilium iridollae
Lilium iridollae is a species of "true lily". A perennial forb, it is one of nine known Lilium species native to the eastern North America. In 1940, this species was discovered by Mary Henry in its habitat. She named the lily in reference to a "pot of gold at the end of the rainbow".

Forb
A forb or phorb is a herbaceous flowering plant that is not a graminoid (grass, sedge, or rush). The term is used in botany and in vegetation ecology especially in relation to grasslands and understory. Typically, these are eudicots without woody stems.
Louis Sorin
Louis Sorin (23 September 1893 – 14 December 1961) was an American actor of stage, screen, radio, and television. He is probably best known to modern audiences for his performance as art patron Roscoe W. Chandler in the 1930  Marx Brothers feature film Animal Crackers, a role he created on the Broadway stage; and for his appearance as Mr. Manicotti in the Honeymooners episode "Mama Loves Mambo" (1956).

Moonlight and Pretzels
Moonlight and Pretzels is a 1933 American Pre-Code musical film directed by Karl Freund, about a man who puts on a Broadway show. The film was released by Universal Studios and featured Mary Brian and William Frawley, now best-known as "Fred Mertz" on the 1950s TV show I Love Lucy; Freund was the groundbreaking cinematographer for I Love Lucy.
2019–20 Southern Combination Football League
The 2019–20 Southern Combination Football League season was the 95th in the history of the competition, which lies at levels 9 and 10 of the English football league system.

The provisional club allocations for steps 5 and 6 were first announced by the FA on 19 May 2019.

This season was also the first season the sin bin rule applied to this level of football.

Penalty box
The penalty box or sin bin (sometimes called the bad box, or simply bin or box) is the area in ice hockey, rugby union, rugby league, roller derby and some other sports where a player sits to serve the time of a given penalty, for an offence not severe enough to merit outright expulsion from the contest. Teams are generally not allowed to replace players who have been sent to the penalty box.
USS Echo
USS Echo (IX-95), an unclassified miscellaneous vessel, was the only ship of the United States Navy to be named for the nymph Echo. A sailing scow, she was used as a supply ship in the South Pacific from 1942 to 1944.

Echo (mythology)
In Greek mythology, Echo (/ˈɛkoʊ/; Greek: Ἠχώ, Ēkhō, "echo", from ἦχος (ēchos), "sound") was an Oread who resided on Mount Cithaeron. Zeus loved consorting with beautiful nymphs and often visited them on Earth. Eventually, Zeus's wife, Hera, became suspicious, and came from Mount Olympus in an attempt to catch Zeus with the nymphs. Echo, by trying to protect Zeus (as he had ordered her to do), endured Hera's wrath, and Hera made her only able to speak the last words spoken to her. When Echo met Narcissus and fell in love with him, she was unable to tell him how she felt and was forced to watch him as he fell in love with himself.
Beyond the Edge (TV series)
Beyond the Edge is an American reality competition television series that premiered on CBS on March 16, 2022. Participants live in the Panamanian jungle of the Bocas del Toro Archipelago for 14 days and compete as teams to raise money for charitable organizations. A different charity has been chosen by each celebrity. Each participant can opt to leave the competition and go home at any time. At the end of the two weeks, the two stars who have earned the most money for their respective charities face off in a final challenge to determine the top earner, and winner of the competition. The series is hosted by Mauro Ranallo.

The first season concluded on May 18, 2022, with television personality and NFL defensive end Colton Underwood being crowned the winner. In September 2022, the series was canceled after one season.

Bocas del Toro Archipelago
The Bocas del Toro Archipelago is a group of tropical islands in the Caribbean Sea in the north-west of Panama, within the province of Bocas del Toro, with a biodiverse ecosystem of coral reefs, mangrove and seagrass meadows.
Tarsal coalition
Tarsal coalition is an abnormal connecting bridge of tissue between two normally-separate tarsal (foot) bones, and is considered a sort of birth defect. The term 'coalition' means a coming together of two or more entities to merge into one mass (in the case of bones, see synostosis). The tissue connecting the bones, often referred to as a "bar", may be composed of fibrous or osseous tissue. The two most common types of tarsal coalitions are calcaneo-navicular (calcaneonavicular bar) and talo-calcaneal (talocalcaneal bar), comprising 90% of all tarsal coalitions.  There are other bone coalition combinations possible, but they are very rare.  Symptoms tend to occur in the same location, regardless of the location of coalition: on the lateral foot, just anterior and below the lateral malleolus.  This area is called the sinus tarsi.

Sinus tarsi
The sinus tarsi, also known as the talocalcaneal sulcus, is a cylindrical canal in the hindfoot. It has a complex anatomy, with five ligamentous structures and a pad of adipose tissue (fat). The tarsal canal opens up into the sinus tarsi, however, the tarsal canal is a distinct structure.
Fire (wuxing)
In Chinese philosophy, fire (Chinese: 火; pinyin: huǒ)  is one of the five concepts that conform the wuxing.

Fire is the old yang symbol of Yinyang character. Its motion is expanded and its energy is fermenting, ripening and convective.

Fire is associated with Summer, the South in the northern hemisphere and North in the Southern hemisphere and the planet Mars, the color red (associated with extreme luck), hot weather, daylight, and the Vermilion Bird (Zhu Que) in the Four Symbols.

There is debate based on the logic of fire, summer and the south as to whether feng shui should be changed for the southern hemisphere.

Summer
Summer or summertime is the hottest and brightest of the four temperate seasons, occurring after spring and before autumn. At or centred on the summer solstice, daylight hours are the longest and darkness hours are the shortest, with day length decreasing as the season progresses after the solstice. The earliest sunrises and latest sunsets also occur near the date of the solstice. The date of the beginning of summer varies according to definition, climate, tradition, and culture. When it is summer in the Northern Hemisphere, it is winter in the Southern Hemisphere, and vice versa.
Nonresident voting at Irish presidential elections
Various proposals have been considered since the 1980s to extend the franchise in Irish presidential elections to citizens resident outside the state. In 2019, the then government introduced a bill to amend the constitution to facilitate this extension. The bill lapsed in January 2020 when the 32nd Dáil was dissolved for the 2020 general election, but was restored to the order paper in July 2020.

At present, the only nonresident voting rights in Ireland are for university constituencies in Seanad Éireann and certain public servants posted abroad.

Amendments to the Constitution of Ireland
Amendments to the Constitution of Ireland are only possible by way of referendum. A proposal to amend the Constitution of Ireland must be initiated as a bill in Dáil Éireann, be passed by both Houses of the Oireachtas (parliament), then submitted to a referendum, and finally signed into law by the president of Ireland. Since the constitution entered into force on 29 December 1937, there have been 32 amendments to the constitution.

Aside from amendments to the Constitution itself, the Constitution also provides for referendums on ordinary bills; this is known as an ordinary referendum. This provision has never been used.
Erdafitinib
Erdafitinib, sold under the brand name Balversa, is an anti-cancer medication. It is a small molecule inhibitor of fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) used for the treatment of cancer. FGFRs are a subset of tyrosine kinases which are unregulated in some tumors and influence tumor cell differentiation, proliferation, angiogenesis, and cell survival. Astex Pharmaceuticals discovered the drug and licensed it to Janssen Pharmaceuticals for further development.

Drug development
Drug development is the process of bringing a new pharmaceutical drug to the market once a lead compound has been identified through the process of drug discovery. It includes preclinical research on microorganisms and animals, filing for regulatory status, such as via the United States Food and Drug Administration for an investigational new drug to initiate clinical trials on humans, and may include the step of obtaining regulatory approval with a new drug application to market the drug. The entire process—from concept through preclinical testing in the laboratory to clinical trial development, including Phase I–III trials—to approved vaccine or drug typically takes more than a decade.
Tarleton (1796 ship)
Tarleton was launched in 1796 at Liverpool for Tarleton & Co., a Liverpool firm that had been in the slave trade for three generations. She made two full voyages as a slave ship in the triangular trade in enslaved people before she was wrecked on a third voyage in late 1798. On her first voyage she repelled two attacks by French privateers in single-ship actions. Unusually, but not uniquely, slaves helped work her guns.

Slave ship
Slave ships were large cargo ships specially built or converted from the 17th to the 19th century for transporting slaves. Such ships were also known as "Guineamen" because the trade involved human trafficking to and from the Guinea coast in West Africa.
2022 Maricopa County Attorney special election
The 2022 Maricopa County Attorney special election took place on November 8, 2022, to elect the County Attorney for Maricopa County, Arizona. The election was held concurrently with other federal and state elections, as well as a special election for District 2 on the Maricopa County Board of Supervisors. The special election was called due to the resignation of Allister Adel in March 2022.

The primary occurred on August 2, 2022. The general election occurred on November 8, 2022. Incumbent Rachel Mitchell defeated 2020 nominee Julie Gunnigle with 52.8% of the vote.

Andrew Thomas (American politician)
Andrew Peyton Thomas (born 1966) is an American politician, author and former attorney. He was the county attorney for Maricopa County in Arizona from 2004 until April 6, 2010. During his term in office, he was known for his anti-illegal immigrant policies. On April 10, 2012, Thomas was disbarred by a disciplinary panel of the Arizona State Supreme Court for his actions as county attorney.
Indian Education Service
The Indian Education Service or Indian Educational Service (IES) formed part of the British Raj between 1896 and 1924, when overseas recruitment ceased. It was an administrative organisation running educational establishments in British India, largely staffed by Europeans, that was crucial to Macaulay's model of colonial education . It replaced a previous system of provincial administrations by a uniform all-India service.

The IES was formed based on the recommendations of the 1886 Public Service Commission, as part of the Superior Education Service, which comprised also the Provincial Education Service. In practice the IES was mostly British, and the Provincial Education Service was staffed by Indians, with substantial differentials of pay between the services. As a delayed consequence of the Islington Commission of 1912 on public services in India, the existing distinction between the IES and Provincial Education Service officials began to be dismantled in the early 1920s.

Thomas Babington Macaulay
Thomas Babington Macaulay, 1st Baron Macaulay, PC, FRS, FRSE (/ˈbæbɪŋtən məˈkɔːli/; 25 October 1800 – 28 December 1859) was a British historian, poet and Whig politician who served as the Secretary at War between 1839 and 1841, and as the Paymaster General between 1846 and 1848. He is best known for his The History of England, a seminal example of Whig history which expressed Macaulay's belief in the inevitability of sociopolitical progress and has been widely commended for its prose style. Macaulay also played a substantial role in determining India's education policy.
1669 Dagmar
1669 Dagmar, provisional designation 1934 RS, is a rare-type Themistian asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 42 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 7 September 1934, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at Heidelberg Observatory in southern Germany, and named after a common German feminine name.

Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory
Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory (German: Landessternwarte Heidelberg-Königstuhl) is a historic astronomical observatory located near the summit of the Königstuhl hill in the city of Heidelberg in Germany. It is operated by the Center for Astronomy (ZAH) at the University of Heidelberg.

The predecessor of the current observatory was originally opened in 1774 in the nearby city of Mannheim but degradation of observational conditions there resulted in a relocation to the Königstuhl in 1898.

The Observatory facility have little value for current astronomical research of ZAH; research is done with the Gama Ray H.E.S.S in Namibia and ESO facilities in Chile.

Andreas Quirrenbach is the observatory's director since 2005.
The Greatest Songs of the Fifties
The Greatest Songs of the Fifties is an album by American singer Barry Manilow, released in the United States on January 31, 2006. A significant album for Manilow, it finds the Brooklyn-born crooner taking on songs that were popular in his youth. The project also marked Manilow's return to his former label, Arista, with the company's founder, Clive Davis, setting the singer up with 1950s pop classics much in the way that he steered Rod Stewart in the direction of jazzy standards in his successful The Great American Songbook project.

The album was a hit in the United States. It entered the Billboard 200 at No. 1, giving him the second chart-topping album of his career. His only other No. 1 album was Barry Manilow Live, in 1977. This is also the highest-debuting album of his career, selling over 150,000 copies in its opening week and besting the No. 3 opening of Ultimate Manilow in 2002.

It's Not for Me to Say
"It's Not for Me to Say" is a 1957 popular song with music by Robert Allen and lyrics by Al Stillman. American singer Johnny Mathis recorded the song and later performed it in the 1957 movie Lizzie. His recording reached the top 10 on the US pop charts.
Koah-pau
Koah-pau or gua bao or cuapao also known as a pork belly bun,  ambiguously as bao, or erroneously as bao bun, is a type of lotus leaf bun originating from Fujianese cuisine in China. It is also a popular snack in Taiwan, Singapore, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Nagasaki Chinatown in Japan.

It consists of a slice of stewed meat and condiments sandwiched between flat steamed bread known as lotus leaf bread (荷葉餅; héyèbǐng). The lotus leaf bread is typically 6–8 centimetres (2.4–3.1 in) in size, semi-circular and flat in form, with a horizontal fold that, when opened, gives the appearance that it has been sliced. The traditional filling for gua bao is a slice of red-cooked pork belly, typically dressed with stir-fried suan cai (pickled mustard greens), coriander, and ground peanuts.

Red cooking
Red cooking, also called Chinese stewing, red stewing, red braising, or flavor potting, is a slow braising Chinese cooking technique that imparts a reddish-brown coloration to the prepared food. Red cooking likely originated in Jiangsu province. While the technique is used all over China, it is most strongly associated with the Jiangnan region.

There are two types of red cooking:

Hongshao (traditional Chinese: 紅燒; simplified Chinese: 红烧; pinyin: hóngshāo): can be done in less than 20 minutes and usually does not require much water

Lu (traditional Chinese: 滷; simplified Chinese: 卤; pinyin: lǔ): usually requires prolonged cooking of up to several hours and the items must be submerged in the cooking liquid.