hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Operational bill
Operational bills are a tendering document for estimating costs prepared by architects that describes a construction project in terms of the operations (which include labour and plant) needed to build it. This form of document contrasts with that of bills of quantities in which such tendering and estimation is limited to the materials in the completed work. Operational bills have the advantages of enhancing communication between design and production, enabling realistic tender pricing, and making the preparation of critical-path analysis easy for the contractor.

Operational bills were proposed and developed by Edward Skoyles at Building Research Establishment in the 1960s. Priced-activity schedules of the New Engineering Contract are a modern related form, prepared by the contractor.

Building material
Building material is material used for construction. Many naturally occurring substances, such as clay, rocks, sand, wood, and even twigs and leaves, have been used to construct buildings and other structures, like bridges. Apart from naturally occurring materials, many human-made products are in use, some more and some less synthetic. The manufacturing of building materials is an established industry in many countries and the use of these materials is typically segmented into specific specialty trades, such as carpentry, insulation, plumbing, and roofing work. They provide the make-up of habitats and structures including homes.
Existence Is Futile (Cradle of Filth album)
Existence Is Futile is the thirteenth studio album by English extreme metal band Cradle of Filth, released on 22 October 2021 through Nuclear Blast. It is the band's only album to feature keyboardist and female vocalist Anabelle Iratni and the last album with guitarist Richard Shaw before his departure in May 2022. This album also saw the return of Doug Bradley to provide narration for two tracks. It is the sixth Cradle of Filth release on which he appears, but the first since 2011's Evermore Darkly.

Nuclear Blast Records
Nuclear Blast Records is a German record label with subsidiaries in Germany, the United States and Brazil. It was founded in 1987 by Markus Staiger in Donzdorf. Originally releasing hardcore punk records, the label moved on to releasing albums by thrash metal, melodic death metal, grindcore, industrial metal, power metal and black metal bands, as well as tribute albums. It also distributes and promotes post-hardcore/metalcore labels SharpTone Records. Another post-hardcore/metalcore label, Arising Empire, was in Nuclear Blast's portfolio until its acquisition by Kontor New Media in 2020.

In October 2018, French independent label Believe Digital acquired a majority stake in Nuclear Blast.
Rodziński
Rodziński (feminine: Rodzińska) is a surname of Polish origin. Notable people with this surname include:

Artur Rodziński (1892–1958), Polish conductor

Witold Rodziński (1918–1997), Polish historian, sinologist and diplomat

Witold Rodziński
Witold Rodziński (5 October 1918 – 18 December 1997) was a Polish historian, sinologist and diplomat.

He was born in 1918 in Lemberg, son of the conductor Artur Rodziński and the concert pianist Ilse Reimesch. He studied at the Columbia University, was an official at the United Nations 1945–47, and adviser in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs 1947–48, a researcher at the Institute of Social Sciences and the Central Committee of the Higher School of Pedagogy in Warsaw.

From 1958 to 1971 he was assistant professor at the Department of History of the University of Warsaw.

He was the Polish Ambassador to the United Kingdom 1960–65 and to the People's Republic of China 1966–69.

Rodziński was the author of the monumental History of China, published in English as The Walled Kingdom: A History of China from Antiquity to the Present.

He died in December 1997, aged 79.
Tinocallis kahawaluokalani
Tinocallis kahawaluokalani, the crapemyrtle aphid, also known as Sarucallis (Tinocallis) kahawaluokalani, is an aphid in the superfamily Aphidoidea in the order Hemiptera. It is a true bug and sucks sap from plants. It is most invasive aphids known from Crape myrtle. They were first discovered from Hawaii.

Lagerstroemia
Lagerstroemia (/ˌleɪɡərˈstriːmiə/), commonly known as crape myrtle (also commonly spelled crepe myrtle, crape-myrtle, or crapemyrtle), is a genus of deciduous and evergreen trees and shrubs native to the Indian subcontinent, southeast Asia, northern Australia, and other parts of Oceania, cultivated in warmer climates around the world. It is a member of the family Lythraceae, which is also known as the loosestrife family. These flowering trees are beautifully colored and are often planted both privately and commercially as ornamentals.
Emoia mivarti
Emoia mivarti, also known commonly as Boulenger's emo skink and the Admiralty five-striped skink, is a species of lizard in the subfamily Eugongylinae of the family Scincidae. The species is native to the Admiralty Islands and Indonesia.

Skink
Skinks are lizards that constitute the family Scincidae, which is part of the infraorder Scincomorpha. With more than 1,500 described species across 100 different taxonomic genera, the family Scincidae is one of the most diverse families of lizards. Skinks are characterized by their smaller legs in comparison to typical lizards and are found in different habitats except arctic and subarctic regions.
Silicate mineral paint
Silicate mineral paints or mineral colors are paint coats with mineral binding agents. Two relevant mineral binders play a role in the field of colors: Lime, and silicate.

Under the influence of carbon dioxide, lime-based binders carbonate and water silicate-based binders solidify. Together they form calcium silicate hydrates.

Lime paints (aside from Fresco-technique) are only moderately weather resistant, so people apply them primarily in monument preservation. Mineral colors are commonly understood to be silicate paints. These paints use potassium water glass as binder. They are also called water glass paints or Keimfarben (after the inventor).

Mineral silicate paint coats are considered durable and weather resistant. Lifetimes exceeding a hundred years are possible. The city hall in Schwyz and "Gasthaus Weißer Adler" in Stein am Rhein (both in Switzerland) received their coats of mineral paint in 1891, and facades in Oslo from 1895 or in Traunstein, Germany from 1891.

Silicate
A silicate is any member of a family of polyatomic anions consisting of silicon and oxygen, usually with the general formula [SiO(4−2x)−4−x]n, where 0 ≤ x < 2.  The family includes orthosilicate SiO4−4 (x = 0), metasilicate SiO2−3 (x = 1), and pyrosilicate Si2O6−7 (x = 0.5, n = 2).  The name is also used for any salt of such anions, such as sodium metasilicate; or any ester containing the corresponding chemical group, such as tetramethyl orthosilicate. The name "silicate" is sometimes extended to any anions containing silicon, even if they do not fit the general formula or contain other atoms besides oxygen; such as hexafluorosilicate [SiF6]2−. Most commonly, silicates are encountered as silicate minerals.

For diverse manufacturing, technological, and artistic needs, silicates are versatile materials, both natural (such as granite, gravel, and garnet) and artificial (such as Portland cement, ceramics, glass, and waterglass).
Zemlianky, Berestyn Raion, Kharkiv Oblast
Zemlianky (Ukrainian: Землянки) is a village in Berestyn Raion, Kharkiv Oblast (province) of Ukraine.

Until 18 July 2020, Zemlianky was located in Kehychivka Raion The raion was abolished on 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Kharkiv Oblast to seven. The area of Kehychivka Raion was merged into Krasnohrad Raion (modern Berestyn Raion).

Kharkiv Oblast
Kharkiv Oblast (Ukrainian: Харківська область, romanized: Kharkivska oblast, Russian: Харьковская область, romanized: Kharkovskaya oblast), also referred to as Kharkivshchyna (Ukrainian: Харківщина), is an oblast (province) in eastern Ukraine.

Kharkiv borders Luhansk Oblast to the east, Donetsk Oblast to the southeast, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast to the southwest, Poltava Oblast to the west, Sumy Oblast to the northwest and Russia's Belgorod Oblast to the north. Its area is 31,400 square kilometres (12,100 sq mi), or 5.2% of the total territory of Ukraine.

The oblast is the third-most populous of Ukraine, with a population of 2,598,961 in 2021, more than half (1.42 million) of whom live in the city of Kharkiv, the oblast's administrative center.
Springfield Up
"Springfield Up" is the thirteenth episode of the eighteenth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on February 18, 2007. In the episode, filmmaker Declan Desmond (Eric Idle) returns to Springfield to film the continuation of his documentary series Growing Up Springfield, which chronicles the lives of several Springfield residents. He visits the town with a film crew every eight years to see how the lives of these people have changed, a plot which parodies the Up documentary series.

"Springfield Up" has received generally positive reviews from critics.

The Simpsons season 18
The eighteenth season of the American animated sitcom The Simpsons aired on Fox between September 10, 2006, and May 20, 2007. The season contained seven hold-over episodes from the seventeenth season’s HABF production line. Al Jean served as the showrunner, a position he has held since the thirteenth season, while the season was produced by Gracie Films and 20th Century Fox Television.

The season finale, "You Kent Always Say What You Want", was the series' 400th episode. Additionally, the Simpsons franchise celebrated its 20th anniversary, as it has been on the air since April 19, 1987, beginning with shorts on The Tracey Ullman Show.
Kathleen Bell Cooper
Dr. Kathleen Marie Bell Cooper (born 3 February 1945, Dallas, Texas) is a corporate economist and former governmental economist who has worked for companies such as ExxonMobil and Security Pacific National Bank as well as being in leadership for such groups as the National Association of Business Economists. She is currently a director for the Williams Companies. She was the Under Secretary for Economic Affairs at the United States Department of Commerce during part of George W. Bush's presidency.

Williams Companies
The Williams Companies, Inc. is an American energy company based in Tulsa, Oklahoma. Its core business is natural gas processing and transportation, with additional petroleum and electricity generation assets. A Fortune 500 company, its common stock is a component of the S&P 500.
Bettiah railway station
Bettiah railway station (code BTH), is a railway station in India in the Samastipur Division of East Central Railway. Bettiah railway station is located in Bettiah city, administrative headquarters of the West Champaran district in the state of Bihar. Bettiah station is well connected to Patna, Muzaffarpur, Hajipur, Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Howrah, Kanpur, Guwahati, Surat, Lucknow, Amritsar, Ranchi, and other major cities. It is also the originating station for many express trains.

West Champaran district
West Champaran district is an administrative district in the state of Bihar in India, located just 60 km (37 mi) west of Birgunj. It is the largest district in Bihar with an area of 5,228 km2(2,019sq mi). It is a part of Tirhut Division. The district headquarters are located in Bettiah. The district is known for its open border with Nepal.
One of the major location in West Champaran is Kumar Bagh for SAIL Special Processing Unit and Bhitiharwa where Mahatma Gandhi started Satyagrah Aandolan.

The district produces the most sugarcane across the state of Bihar in 2022.
Halysidota steinbachi
Halysidota steinbachi is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Walter Rothschild in 1909. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia and Brazil.

The larvae feed on Celtis species (including C. spinosa) and Ruellia longifolia.

Ruellia brevifolia
Ruellia brevifolia, the tropical wild petunia or red Christmas pride, is an ornamental plant in the family Acanthaceae. It is native to South America, from Colombia to southern Brazil and northern Argentina.
Zürcher
Zürcher is a Swiss or German surname. It is a habitational name for someone from the city of Zürich. Notable people with the surname include:

Brigitte Zürcher, Swiss orienteer

Christoph Zürcher, German professor

Erik Zürcher (1928–2008), Dutch sinologist

Erik-Jan Zürcher (born 1953), Dutch Turkologist

Josephina Theresia Zürcher (1866–1932), Swiss surgeon and doctor

Manuela Zürcher (born 1982), Swiss footballer

Markus Zürcher (1946–2013), Swiss painter

Neil Zurcher (1935–2025), American journalist and television host

Robert Zürcher, Swiss canoeist

Neil Zurcher
Neil Zurcher (November 12, 1935 – January 8, 2025) was an American television reporter for Fox-TV affiliate WJW-TV Channel 8 in Cleveland, Ohio. He was best known for his travel segment One Tank Trips.
Mac Swiney
Mac Swiney (foaled 23 February 2018) is an Irish Thoroughbred racehorse. He was one of the leading juvenile colts in Europe in 2020 when he won three of his six races including the Futurity Stakes in Ireland and the Vertem Futurity Trophy in Britain. In 2021 he won the Irish 2,000 Guineas and finished fourth in the Epsom Derby.

Futurity Trophy
The Futurity Trophy is a Group 1 flat horse race in Great Britain open to two-year-old thoroughbred colts and fillies. It is run at Doncaster over a distance of 1 mile (1,609 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in late October.
Raaz (soundtrack)
Raaz is the official soundtrack album for the 2002 Indian supernatural horror film Raaz, directed by Vikram Bhatt. 
The soundtrack was composed by Nadeem–Shravan with lyrics penned by Sameer. Released on 8 December 2001 under the label Tips Industries, the album became one of the most commercially successful Bollywood soundtracks of the year. It sold over 3 million units, ranking as the third best-selling soundtrack of 2002.

Alka Yagnik
Alka Yagnik (born 20 March 1966) is an Indian playback singer who worked predominantly in Hindi cinema from 1980s to mid 2000s. One of the most prominent singers of 1990s era Bollywood, she has received several accolades including two National Film Awards, two Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards and seven Filmfare Awards for Best Female Playback Singer from thirty-seven nominations.

She was honoured with Padma Bhushan by the Government of India for her contribution to Indian music and playback singing in 2026.

Yagnik has sung maximum female solo songs in her Bollywood career along with Lata Mangeshkar and Asha Bhosle. Several of her soundtracks were included in the BBC "Top 40 Bollywood soundtracks of all time".

Yagnik is the most popular music artist of all time on YouTube, with the mention in the Guinness Book of World Records of 17 billion streams in 2021 and 16.6 billion in 2020. As of 2026, she is the most streamed weekly music artist on Youtube.
Hangaroa River
The Hangaroa River is a river in the Gisborne Region of New Zealand. Its source is the Huiarau Ranges in the Te Urewera National Park, and flows southeast to merge with the Ruakituri River near Te Reinga. The combined rivers form the Wairoa River, which flows south into Hawke Bay.

Gisborne District
Gisborne District or the Gisborne Region (Māori: Te Tairāwhiti or Te Tai Rāwhiti) is a local government area of northeastern New Zealand. It is governed by Gisborne District Council, a unitary authority (with the combined powers of a district and regional council). It is named after its largest settlement, the city of Gisborne. The region is also commonly referred to as the East Coast.

The region is commonly divided into the East Cape and Poverty Bay. It is bounded by mountain ranges to the west, rugged country to the south, and faces east onto the Pacific Ocean.
Amman Stand-up Comedy Festival
Amman Stand-up Comedy Festival is an international stand-up comedy festival held annually in Amman, Jordan. Among the stand-up comedians that participated in the festival include:

Dean Obeidallah

Ronnie Khalil

Ali Al Sayed

Fahad Albutairi

Maz Jobrani

Russell Peters

Ali Hassan

Dean Obeidallah
Dean Obeidallah is an American lawyer, comedian, and journalist. He is the host of SiriusXM Progress' The Dean Obeidallah Show and a frequent contributor to CNN, The Daily Beast, and MSNBC.

Obeidallah was born in New Jersey and is of Palestinian and Italian descent.
Egå Engsø
Egå Engsø (lit. 'Oak Stream Meadow Lake') is an artificial lake and wetland site located in the north of the town of Aarhus between Vejlby, Risskov and Lystrup. Engsø means 'meadow lake' and Egå means 'oak stream', referring to the stream that drains the lake into the Aarhus bay. The lake area is bordered by the Djursland motorway to the north and the Aarhus-Grenaa railway and the municipal heating pipes from Studstrup Power Station to the south and west.

Grenaa
Grenaa (or Grenå) is a Danish town and seaport on the east coast of the Jutland peninsula. Tourism, education and commerce are important sectors in the economy of Grenaa. It is the only larger town on Djursland. Grenaa is the municipal seat, and the largest town, in Norddjurs Municipality, which covers the northern half of Djursland.
Kerry Gauthier
Kerry Gauthier (born November 6, 1955) is an American politician who served in the Minnesota House of Representatives from 2011 to 2013, representing portions of St. Louis County. A Democrat, he served as Treasurer for the Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party from 2005 to 2006, and Democratic Chairman of the state's 8th Congressional District from 2000 to 2006. He had been an alderman for the Duluth City Council and campaign consultant, notably for Becky Lourey in the 2006 Minnesota gubernatorial election. He retired in 2013 in the wake of a sex scandal.

Duluth City Council
The Duluth City Council is the legislative branch of the government of Duluth, Minnesota. It is responsible for passing ordinances, resolutions, and regulations governing the city. The council also oversees the city's financial operations, including the annual budget, and serves as a check against the Mayor of Duluth in a mayor-council government model.
Wolfsburg AG
Wolfsburg AG is a German company headquartered in Wolfsburg. It was founded in 1999 with the goal of enhancing the attractiveness of the city of Wolfsburg. Wolfsburg AG implements the AutoVision concept, which Volkswagen gave the city on the occasion of its 60th birthday. It is a stock corporation (Aktiengesellschaft) under German law, in which the city of Wolfsburg and the Volkswagen Group have equal shares. Today, Wolfsburg AG is considered to be a prime example of economic development in Germany. Its activities have contributed significantly to more than halving the unemployment rate of the city of Wolfsburg.

Wolfsburg
Wolfsburg (German: [ˈvɔlfsbʊʁk] ⓘ; Eastphalian: Wulfsborg) is the fifth-largest city in the German state of Lower Saxony. It lies on the river Aller, 75 kilometres (47 mi) east of Hanover and 230 kilometres (143 mi) west of Berlin.

Wolfsburg is famous as the location of Volkswagen AG's headquarters and, until it was overtaken by Tesla Gigafactory Texas in 2022, the world's biggest car plant. The Autostadt is a visitor attraction next to the Volkswagen factory that features the company's model range: Audi, Bentley, Bugatti, Ducati, Lamborghini, MAN, Neoplan, Porsche, Scania, SEAT, Škoda Auto and Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles. Wolfsburg is one of the few German cities built during the first half of the 20th century as a planned city. From its founding on 1 July 1938 as a home for workers producing the KdF-Wagen until 25 May 1945, the city was called Stadt des KdF-Wagens bei Fallersleben. In 1972, the population first exceeded 100,000. In 2019, the GRP was €188,453 per capita.
Social Democratic Initiative (Kosovo)
The Social Democratic Initiative (Albanian: Nisma Socialdemokrate) also known as NISMA, is a political party in Kosovo formed by Fatmir Limaj and Jakup Krasniqi, former members of the Democratic Party of Kosovo (PDK).

Limaj is party leader. Secretary Jakup Krasniqi's involvement in the Pronto Affair wiretapping scandal was the culmination of a split of PDK. Sami Lushtaku (mayor of Skenderaj and PDK leader) together with Prime Minister of Kosovo Hashim Thaçi and Adem Grabovci, had insulted the Chairman of the Assembly of Kosovo Jakup Krasniqi and offended citizens of Malishevë, referring to them as dog walkers.

Malisheva
Malisheva or Mališevo (Serbian Cyrillic: Малишево, pronounced [mali'ʃevo], Albanian: Malishevë) is a town and municipality in Kosovo. The municipality is part of the District of Prizren and it is located in the central part of Kosovo. Malisheva has a population of 43,888 inhabitants.
RDS-2
The RDS-2 (Russian: РДС-2) was a second nuclear bomb developed by the Soviet Union as an improved version of the RDS-1. It included new explosive lenses along with a new core design to decrease the probability of pre-detonation or 'fizzle'. The levitated core increased implosion efficiency by allowing for an empty space between the "flying layer" and the core, thereby allowing rapid acceleration of the shock wave before it impacted the core.: 25

The RDS-2 weighed approximately 3,200 kilograms (7,055 lb) and had a diameter of 1.25 m. The RDS-2 was tested on September 24, 1951 and produced a 38.3 kiloton yield. It was detonated from the top of a tower thirty meters high. The detonation was initiated by a bomber flying over the testing site instead of the detonation being initiated by a ground control center.

Pit (nuclear weapon)
In nuclear weapon design, the pit is the core of an implosion nuclear weapon, consisting of fissile material and any neutron reflector or tamper bonded to it. Early pits were spherical, while most modern pits are prolate spheroidal. Some weapons tested during the 1950s used pits made with uranium-235 alone, or as a composite with plutonium. All-plutonium pits are the smallest in diameter and have been the standard since the early 1960s. The pit is named after the hard core found in stonefruit such as peaches and apricots.
Prince of Hell
In Demonology, a Prince of Hell is a frequently assigned title for a variety of particularly powerful demons. Prince or Princes of Hell can refer to:

Lucifer as the singular Prince of Hell in particular (see also the Prince of Darkness (Milton)).
Beelzebub.

Various ranks in many different classifications of demons.
Seven embodiments of the Seven Deadly Sins, such as those within the Lanterne of Light or Binsfeld hierarchies.
Princes, the tertiary rank of demons below Dukes and above Marquises in the Ars Goetia

A monstrous figure nicknamed the Prince of Hell by scholars in the right panel of Hieronymus Bosch's The Garden of Earthly Delights

Demonology
Demonology is the study of demons within religious belief and myth. Depending on context, it can refer to studies within theology, religious doctrine, or occultism. In many faiths, it concerns the study of a hierarchy of demons. Demons may be nonhuman separable souls, or discarnate spirits which have never inhabited a body. A sharp distinction is often drawn between these two classes, notably by the Melanesians, several African groups, and others. The jinns, for example, are not reducible to modified human souls. At the same time, these classes are frequently conceived as producing identical results, e.g., diseases.