hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gmina Białaczów
Gmina Białaczów is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Opoczno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the town of Białaczów, which lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) south of Opoczno and 79 km (49 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź.

The gmina covers an area of 114.49 square kilometres (44.2 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 5,980.

Opoczno County
Opoczno County (Polish: powiat opoczyński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, south-east Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Opoczno, which lies 72 kilometres (45 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź. The only other town in the county is Drzewica, lying 15 km (9 mi) north-east of Opoczno.

The county covers an area of 1,038.77 square kilometres (401.1 sq mi). As of 2009 its total population is 78,467, out of which the population of Opoczno is 21,635 (2016), that of Drzewica is 3,913 (2016), and the rural population is 52,006.
Galvani potential
In electrochemistry, the Galvani potential (also called Galvani potential difference, or inner potential difference, Δφ, delta phi) is the electric potential difference between two points in the bulk of two phases. These phases can be two different solids (e.g., two metals joined), or a solid and a liquid (e.g., a metal electrode submerged in an electrolyte).

The Galvani potential is named after Luigi Galvani.

Electrochemical potential
In electrochemistry, the electrochemical potential (ECP), μ, is a thermodynamic measure of chemical potential that does not omit the energy contribution of electrostatics. Electrochemical potential is expressed in the unit of J/mol.
Eastern Steamship Line (1965)
The Eastern Steamship Line (later Eastern Cruise Line), was a cruise line operating second hand ships on short Bahamas and Caribbean cruises from the 1960s to the late 1980s. The name was a revival from the famed original Eastern Steamship Lines that sailed the eastern seaboard in the early to mid twentieth century.

Royal Caribbean International
Royal Caribbean International (RCI), formerly Royal Caribbean Cruise Line (RCCL), is a cruise line founded in 1968 in Norway and organized as a wholly owned subsidiary of Royal Caribbean Group since 1997.

Based in Miami, Florida, it is the largest cruise line by revenue and second largest by passenger counts. As of 2025, Royal Caribbean International controlled 27.0% of the worldwide cruise market by passengers and 24.8% by revenue.

As of August 2025, the line operates 29 ships; three additional ships are on order and two ships are planned but do not have a launch date.
Polar auxin transport
Polar auxin transport is the regulated transport of the plant hormone auxin in plants. It is an active process, the hormone is transported in cell-to-cell manner and one of the main features of the transport is its asymmetry and directionality (polarity). The polar auxin transport functions to coordinate plant development; the following spatial auxin distribution underpins most of plant growth responses to its environment and plant growth and developmental changes in general. In other words, the flow and relative concentrations of auxin informs each plant cell where it is located and therefore what it should do or become.

Membrane transport protein
A membrane transport protein is a membrane protein involved in the movement of ions, small molecules, and macromolecules such as another protein, across a biological membrane. Transport proteins are integral transmembrane proteins, that is: they exist permanently within and span the membrane, across which they transport substances. The proteins may assist in the movement of substances by facilitated diffusion, active transport, osmosis, or reverse diffusion. The two main types of proteins involved in such transport are broadly categorized as either channels or carriers (a.k.a. permeases or transporters). Examples of channel/carrier proteins include the GLUT 1 uniporter, sodium channels, and potassium channels. The solute carriers and atypical SLCs are secondary active or facilitative transporters in humans. Collectively membrane transporters and channels are known as the transportome. Transportomes govern cellular influx and efflux of, not only ions and nutrients, but drugs as well.
Isabella Fenwick
Isabella Fenwick (1783 – 1856) was a 19th-century British amanuensis (secretary), and a confidante, advisor, and friend of William Wordsworth and his family in his later years. She is the scribe behind the Fenwick Notes, an autobiographical and poetic commentary Wordsworth dictated to her over a six-month period between January and June 1843. Her friendship inspired Wordsworth to write "On a Portrait of I.F., painted by Margaret Gillies" and "To I.F."—a sonnet in which he calls her "The star which comes at close of day to shine," a reference to their bond formed late in life.

Amanuensis
An amanuensis (/əˌmænjuˈɛnsɪs/ ə-MAN-yoo-EN-sis) (pl. amanuenses /əˌmænjuˈɛnsiːz/ ə-MAN-yoo-EN-seez) or scribe is a person employed to write or type what another dictates or to copy what has been written by another. Eric Fenby acted as such in assisting the blind and paralysed composer Frederick Delius in writing down the notes he dictated.

In some academic contexts, an amanuensis can assist an injured or disabled person in taking written examinations. It may also be a person who signs a document on behalf of another under the latter's authority.
CPD-1
CPD-1 (LS-193743) is a drug with a benzofuranyl piperazine structure, which acts as a potent and selective agonist for the 5-HT2 receptor family, with highest affinity and full agonist efficacy at the 5-HT2C subtype, and lower affinity and partial agonist action at the 5-HT2A and 5-HT2B subtypes.

Piperazine
Piperazine (/paɪˈpɛrəziːn/) is an organic compound with the formula (CH2CH2NH)2. In terms of its structure, it can be described as cyclohexane with the 1- and 4-CH2 groups replaced by NH. Piperazine exists as a deliquescent solid with a saline taste. Piperazine is freely soluble in water and ethylene glycol, but poorly soluble in diethyl ether.  Piperazine is commonly available industrially as the hexahydrate, (CH2CH2NH)2·6H2O, which melts at 44 °C and boils at 125–130 °C.

Substituted derivatives of piperazine are a broad class of chemical compounds. Many piperazines have useful pharmacological properties, with prominent examples including sildenafil, ciprofloxacin, and ziprasidone.
Kyle Hayes
Kyle Hayes (born 15 July 1998) is an Irish hurler who plays for Limerick Senior Championship club Kildimo-Pallaskenry and at inter-county level with the Limerick senior hurling team. He usually lines out as a left wing-back. To date he has won 5 All Stars, 6 Munster titles, 3 Hurling League titles, 5 All Irelands and PWC GPA/GAA young hurler of the year in 2018. He has been convicted of violent disorder and also dangerous driving.

GAA GPA All Stars Awards
The Gaelic Athletic Association–Gaelic Players' Association All Stars Awards (often known simply as the All Stars) are presented annually to the best player in each of the 15 playing positions in Gaelic football and hurling. Additionally, one person in each code is selected as Player of the Year.

The awards were instituted in 1971. Since 2011 they have been presented jointly by the Gaelic Athletic Association and the representative body for inter-county players, the Gaelic Players Association.

Each player who receives a nomination is given a medallion marking the milestone.

It is considered "the most coveted sporting award scheme in the country". Equivalent awards exist for ladies' football, rounders and camogie.
Kochkino, Kaliningrad Oblast
Kochkino (Russian: Кочкино, Polish: Popówko) is a rural settlement in Pravdinsky District of Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, close to the border with Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) north-west of Krylovo.

The village, historically known in Polish as Popówko, was founded by Polish people.

Pravdinsky District
Pravdinsky District (Russian: Пра́вдинский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the fifteen in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia. It is located in the south of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,300 square kilometers (500 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Pravdinsk. Population: 19,061 (2010 Census); 21,076 (2002 Census); 19,555 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Pravdinsk accounts for 22.7% of the district's total population.
Jean-Marc Généreux
Jean-Marc Généreux (/ʒɑ̃-maʁk ʒeneʁø/; born December 25, 1962) is a Canadian ballroom dance champion, choreographer and television personality from Longueuil, Quebec, Canada. He is most prominently known for his roles as judge and choreographer on the American and Canadian versions of So You Think You Can Dance, the French version of the hit television series Dancing with the Stars, and TVA’s hit dance competition series Révolution.

World 10 Dance Champions
This page lists the official World Champions and the countries they represented in the Professional 10-Dance of the World Dance Council (WDC). The championships are authorized and organized under the auspices of the WDC.

The first World 10 Dance Championships took place in 1978 and has been held annually since they were organised by the ICBD in 1980. The ICBD was renamed WD&DSC and renamed again as the WDC. It represents all the major professional DanceSport countries.

The dances covered in the Ten Dance are the five International Ballroom (Standard) dances: waltz, foxtrot, quickstep, tango and Viennese waltz, along with the five International Latin Dances: rumba, samba, paso doble, cha-cha-cha and jive, as defined in ballroom dancing terms.
Lucian (crater)
Lucian is a tiny lunar impact crater that is located in the northeastern part of the Mare Tranquillitatis. It was named in 1973 after 2nd century Greek writer Lucian of Samosata. The nearest named craters are Lyell to the east-southeast, Theophrastus to the northeast and Gardner to the north-northeast. A little farther to the north is Maraldi crater. Lucian was previously designated Maraldi B.

This is a circular, cone-shaped formation with a negligible interior floor. It has not been significantly degraded by impact erosion.

Theophrastus (crater)
Theophrastus is a small lunar impact crater at the southern part of the Sinus Amoris, a bay at the northeast part of the Mare Tranquillitatis. It was named after ancient Greek philosopher Theophrastus in 1973.  It lies to the southeast of the lava-flooded crater Maraldi, and was designated Maraldi M until the IAU gave it its current name. Just to the southeast of Theophrastus is the flooded Franz.

This is a circular crater, with inner walls that slope down to the midpoint and a rim that rises slightly above the surrounding lunar mare. The crater has nearly the same low albedo as the nearby surface. It has no other distinctive features, and is not significantly eroded.
Erol Sabancı
Erol Sabancı (born 1938) is a billionaire Turkish banker and a member of the Sabancı family. Sabancı is the honorary chairman of Akbank. He has been a board member of Akbank since 1963, Turkey's most valuable and profitable bank.

Sabancı Holding
Hacı Ömer Sabancı Holding A.Ş., commonly abbreviated as Sabancı Holding, is an industrial and financial conglomerate with headquarters in Istanbul, Turkey. The company's primary activities are in financial services, energy (electricity generation and distribution), cement, retail and industrial sectors. The founding Sabancı family continues to hold a majority stake. Sabancı Holding was first listed on the Istanbul Stock Exchange (BIST) in 1997. As of 2024, Sabancı Group operates in 17 countries across 5 continents, serving more than 40 million customers and providing employment for over 60,000 people. Additionally, the holding has joint venture partnerships with prominent global players such as E.ON, Bridgestone, Ageas, Heidelberg, and Carrefour.
Threshfield
Threshfield is a village and civil parish in the county of North Yorkshire, England. A population of 968 was recorded at the 2011 census. It borders Grassington, Linton Falls, and Skirethorns. Nearby villages (within a 7 miles (11 km) radius) are Linton, Cracoe, Rylstone, Hetton, Hebden, Kilnsey, and Greenhow.

Greenhow
Greenhow is a village in North Yorkshire, England, often referred to as Greenhow Hill. The term how derives from the Old Norse word haugr meaning a hill and a mound, so Greenhow literally means 'Green's hill or mound'.
Symphonie enfantine (Klami)
The Symphonie enfantine (in Finnish: Lapsisinfonia; English translation: 'Children's Symphony') is a three-movement composition for chamber orchestra by the Finnish composer Uuno Klami, who wrote the piece in 1928 (and possibly into 1929). Toivo Haapanen and the Helsinki Philharmonic Orchestra premiered the work at the University of Helsinki on 14 December 1931, during Klami's "highly-acclaimed" second composition concert. Symphonic in name rather than in technique, the Symphonie enfantine is the first of Klami's three symphonies and the only of the series to not receive a number: the First Symphony arrived subsequently in 1938 and the Second Symphony (Op. 35) in 1945.

Symphony No. 2 (Klami)
The Symphony No. 2 is a four-movement orchestral composition by the Finnish composer Uuno Klami, who wrote the piece in 1945; it is the final of Klami's two numbered symphonies. Toivo Haapanen and the Helsinki Philharmonic Orchestra premiered the work at the Helsinki Conservatory on 15 December 1946.
Computer Science Ontology
The Computer Science Ontology (CSO) is an automatically generated taxonomy of research topics in the field of Computer Science. It was produced by the Open University in collaboration with Springer Nature by running an information extraction system over a large corpus of scientific articles. Several branches were manually improved by domain experts. The current version (CSO 3.2) includes about 14K research topics and 160K semantic relationships.

CSO is available in OWL, Turtle, and N-Triples.
It is aligned with several other knowledge graphs, including DBpedia, Wikidata, YAGO, Freebase, and Cyc. New versions of CSO are regularly released on the CSO Portal.

CSO is mostly used to characterise scientific papers and other documents according to their research areas, in order to enable different kinds of analytics. The CSO Classifier is an open-source python tool for automatically annotating documents with CSO.

DBpedia
DBpedia (from "DB" for "database") is a project aiming to extract structured content from the information created in the Wikipedia project. This structured information is made available on the World Wide Web using OpenLink Virtuoso. DBpedia allows users to semantically query relationships and properties of Wikipedia resources, including links to other related datasets.

The project was heralded as "one of the more famous pieces" of the decentralized linked data effort by Tim Berners-Lee, the inventor of the World Wide Web. As of June 2021, DBpedia contained over 850 million semantic triples.
Tumblagooda Sandstone
The Tumblagooda Sandstone is a geological formation deposited during the Silurian or Ordovician periods, between four and five hundred million years ago, and is now exposed on the west coast of Australia in river and coastal gorges near the tourist town of Kalbarri, Kalbarri National Park and the Murchison River gorge, straddling the boundary of the Carnarvon and Perth basins.  Visible trackways are interpreted by some to be the earliest evidence of fully terrestrial animals.

Clastic rock
Clastic rocks are composed of fragments, or clasts, of pre-existing minerals and rock. A clast is a fragment of geological detritus, chunks, and smaller grains of rock broken off other rocks by physical weathering. Geologists use the term clastic to refer to sedimentary rocks and particles in sediment transport, whether in suspension or as bed load, and in sediment deposits.
Mount Hope, Ontario
Mount Hope is a community in the city of Hamilton in the Canadian province of Ontario. It is located in the geographic township of Glanford which amalgamated with Binbrook in 1974 to form Glanbrook. On January 1, 2001, Glanbrook was amalgamated with Hamilton, Flamborough, Ancaster, Dundas and Stoney Creek to form an enlarged Hamilton.

The John C. Munro Hamilton International Airport and the Canadian Warplane Heritage Museum are located in Mount Hope.

Stoney Creek, Ontario
Stoney Creek is a community in the city of Hamilton in the Canadian province of Ontario located 10 km east of Downtown Hamilton and 57 km south-west of Toronto. It was a municipality until 2001, when it was amalgamated with Hamilton, Dundas, Ancaster,  Flamborough and Glanbrook to form the City of Hamilton.

The community of Stoney Creek is located on the south shore of western Lake Ontario, east of downtown Hamilton, into which feed the watercourses of Stoney Creek as well as several other minor streams. The historic area, known as the "Old Town", is below the Niagara Escarpment.

Stoney Creek experienced an increase in residential growth, particularly in the lower city in the 1970s and 1980s, and in the west mountain in the 1990s and 2000s, but most of the land mass of Stoney Creek remains agricultural. The communities of Elfrida, Fruitland, Tapleytown, Tweedside, Vinemount, and Winona serve as distinct reminders of the agricultural legacy of Stoney Creek and Saltfleet Township.
Crazy Quilt (card game)
Crazy Quilt (also known as Quilt, Indian Carpet or Japanese Rug) is a patience or solitaire card game using two decks of 52 playing cards each. The game is so-called because the reserve resembles the weaves of a carpet or an arrangement of a quilt, with cards alternating vertical and horizontal rotations.

Solitaire
Solitaire, patience, or card solitaire refer to a genre of card games whose common feature is that the aim is to arrange the cards in some systematic order or, in a few cases, to pair them off in order to discard them. Most are intended for play by a single player, but there are varieties for two or more players.
Gordon Sinclair Award
The Gordon Sinclair Award is a Canadian journalism award, presented by the Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television for excellence in broadcast journalism. Originally presented as part of the ACTRA Awards, it was transferred to the new Gemini Awards in 1986. During the ACTRA era, the award was open to both radio and television journalists; when it was taken over by the Academy, it became a television-only award.

In the late 1990s, the award transitioned from a competitive award with a shortlist of nominees, which was presented to honour journalism work within the past year, into a lifetime achievement award whose winner was announced in advance of the annual award ceremony.

Since 2013, it has been presented as part of the Canadian Screen Awards.

The award is named in honour of television and radio commentator Gordon Sinclair.

W5 (TV program)
W5 is a Canadian news magazine television program that was broadcast by CTV from 1966 to 2024.

The title refers to the Five Ws of journalism: Who, What, Where, When and Why? It was the longest-running news magazine/documentary program in North America and the most-watched program of its type in Canada.

In February 2024, Bell Media announced that W5 would conclude as a regular television series after 58 seasons, due to cutbacks at the company; in September 2024, CTV News would relaunch the brand as an investigative journalism unit, producing long-form stories for broadcast on CTV News programs and platforms, and occasional documentary specials for CTV under the branding W5: Avery Haines Investigates.
Protohistory of West Virginia
The protohistoric period of the state of West Virginia in the United States began in the mid-sixteenth century with the arrival of European trade goods. Explorers and colonists brought these goods to the eastern and southern coasts of North America and were brought inland by native trade routes. This was a period characterized by increased intertribal strife, rapid population decline, the abandonment of traditional life styles, and the extinction and migrations of many Native American groups.

Written accounts of the area begin by the late seventeenth or early eighteenth century with the scattered documentation and journals of early explorers. These accounts frequently portray a sparsely inhabited area, possibly due to the Iroquois wars to monopolize the European fur trade or the devastating effects of new diseases introduced by Europeans.

Siouan languages
Siouan (/ˈsuːən/ SOO-ən), also known as Siouan–Catawban (/ˌsuːən kəˈtɔː.bən/ SOO-ən kə-TAW-bən), is a language family of North America located primarily in the Great Plains, Ohio and Mississippi valleys and southeastern North America with a few other languages in the east.
Opora (mythology)
In ancient Greek mythology and religion, Opora (Ancient Greek: Ὀπώρα, romanized: Opṓra, lit. 'autumn, fruit') is a minor goddess connected to fruit, the harvest, especially wine harvest, and the season of autumn. She is a fairly obscure goddess, although she features in a little-known myth centered around her romance with the stellar god Sirius, the Dog Star.

A close equivalent in Roman mythology is found in the fertility goddess Pomona.

Robert S. P. Beekes
Robert Stephen Paul Beekes (Dutch: [ˈbeːkəs]; 2 September 1937 – 21 September 2017) was a Dutch linguist who was emeritus professor of Comparative Indo-European Linguistics at Leiden University and an author of many monographs on the Proto-Indo-European language.
Sport in Finland
Sport is considered a national pastime in Finland and many Finns visit different sporting events regularly. Pesäpallo is the national sport of Finland, although the most popular forms of sport in terms of television viewers and media coverage are ice hockey and Formula One. In spectator attendance, harness racing comes right after ice hockey in popularity.

Other popular sports include floorball, bandy, football, ringette, and Pesäpallo.

Saku Koivu
Saku Antero Koivu (pronounced [ˈsɑku ˈkoi̯ʋu]; born 23 November 1974) is a Finnish former professional ice hockey player who played in the National Hockey League (NHL). He began his NHL career with the Montreal Canadiens in 1995–96 after three seasons with TPS of the Finnish SM-liiga. Koivu served as the Canadiens' captain for ten of his 14 years with the club, making his captaincy tenure the longest in the team's history, tied with Jean Béliveau. Koivu was the first European player to captain the Canadiens. He also served as captain of the Finnish national men's ice hockey team from 1998 to 2010, and was inducted into IIHF Hall of Fame in 2017.
Megacryst
In geology, a megacryst is a crystal or grain that is considerably larger than the encircling matrix. They are found in igneous and metamorphic rocks. Megacrysts can be further classified based on the nature of their origin, either as:

Phenocrysts, which crystallize in molten rock material (lava or magma) and are hence an earlier crystallization than the matrix in which they are embedded

Porphyroblasts, which develop in solid rock as the result of metamorphism or metasomatism

Matrix (geology)
The matrix or groundmass of a rock is the finer-grained mass of material in which larger grains, crystals, or clasts are embedded.

The matrix of an igneous rock consists of finer-grained, often microscopic, crystals in which larger crystals, called phenocrysts, are embedded. This porphyritic texture is indicative of multi-stage cooling of magma. For example, porphyritic andesite will have large phenocrysts of plagioclase in a fine-grained matrix. Also in South Africa, diamonds are often mined from a matrix of weathered clay-like rock (kimberlite) called "yellow ground".

The matrix of sedimentary rocks is finer-grained sedimentary material, such as clay or silt, in which larger grains or clasts are embedded. It is also used to describe the rock material in which a fossil is embedded.