hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Amund
Amund (Old Norse: Agmundr), is a Norse masculine given name. It derives from the Old Norse Agmundr, meaning respectful protector.

Notable people with the name include:

Amund B. Larsen (1849–1928), Norwegian linguist

Amund Dietzel (1891–1974), Norwegian-American tattoo artist

Amund Helland (1846–1918), Norwegian geologist, politician and non-fiction writer

Amund Rydland (1888–1967), Norwegian actor and theatre director

Amund Rasmussen Skarholt (1892–1956), Norwegian politician

Amund Sjøbrend (born 1952), Norwegian speed skater

Amund Skiri (born 1978), Norwegian footballer

Amund Svensson (born 1978), Norwegian guitarist, The Kovenant

Lars Amund Vaage (born 1952), Norwegian author and playwright

Master Amund (Mäster Amund), Swedish 15th-century painter known for his paintings in Södra Råda Old Church

Amund Rasmussen Skarholt
Amund Rasmussen Skarholt (31 March 1892  –  28 April 1956) was a Norwegian politician for the Norwegian Labour Party.

He was born in Orkdal Municipality.

He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Sør-Trøndelag in 1934, and was re-elected on four occasions. During his fifth term, he died. He was then replaced by Jenny Lund.

Skarholt was a member of the municipal council of Orkdal Municipality between 1919 and 1951. He served most of this time as a member of the executive committee.
Duminichsky District
Duminichsky District (Russian: Думи́ничский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-four in Kaluga Oblast, Russia. It is located in the south central part of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,174 km2 (453 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a settlement) of Duminichi. Population: 13,499 (2021 Census); 15,261 (2010 Census); 16,264 (2002 Census); 17,355 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Duminichi accounts for 40.6% of the district's total population.

Kaluga Oblast
Kaluga Oblast (Russian: Калу́жская о́бласть, romanized: Kaluzhskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Kaluga. The 2021 Russian Census found a population of 1,069,904.
James Marchant
Rev Sir James Marchant KBE FRSE FLS FRAS  LLD (1867–1956) was a British eugenicist, social reformer and author. He was leader of the National Vigilance Association, concerned with social morality, and also the Director of the National Council of Public Morals. He epitomised the view of the priggish Victorian attitude to sex and morality.

National Vigilance Association
The National Vigilance Association (NVA) was a British society established in 1885. Its goal was to combat prostitution, particularly forced prostitution by children. It has been described as the main social purity organization in the United Kingdom.
2018 Connacht Senior Football Championship
The 2018 Connacht Senior Football Championship was the 119th installment of the annual Connacht Senior Football Championship organised by Connacht GAA. It is one of the four provincial competitions of the 2018 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship. Unlike previous seasons, where the Connacht champions earned a place in the quarter-finals, this year's winners advanced to the new "All-Ireland Super 8s".

The draw for the Connacht Championship was made on 19 October 2017. Details on dates for the fixtures were announced on 31 October 2017.

The winners receive the J. J. Nestor Cup, named after J. J. Nestor of Quinaltagh, County Galway. Galway were the winners of the championship, defeating Roscommon in the final.

Connacht GAA
Connacht GAA (Irish: Cumann Lúthchleas Gael Chonnacht) or formally the Connacht Provincial Council of the Gaelic Athletic Association is the governing body for Gaelic games that are played in the province of Connacht, Ireland. It performs a supervisory and appeal role for the five County Boards within the province (listed below). Anomalously, it also exercises its functions for an additional two county boards that are not located in the province: London and New York. Teams from these administrative areas play in the Connacht Senior Football Championship.
Rhodomicrobium vannielii
Rhodomicrobium vannielii is a Gram-negative, purple non-sulfur, motile, thermophilic photoheterotroph bacterium. Phototrophic bacteria are ubiquitous and have been reportedly found in many marine and terrestrial ecosystems. Additionally, they can use light as an energy source and carbon dioxide as a carbon source. Considering this, R. vannielii is thought to have potential application in anaerobic treatment and bioremediation under high temperature conditions as the bacteria was isolated from water samples from a hot spring in Gadek, Malacca, Malaysia using glutamate-malate medium (GMM) and Pfennig's M2 medium. R. vannielii produces acyclic and aliphatic cyclic carotenoids like anhydrorhodovibrin, rhodovibrin, spirilloxanthin and rhodopin.

Aliphatic compound
In organic chemistry, hydrocarbons (compounds composed solely of carbon and hydrogen) are divided into two classes: aromatic compounds and aliphatic compounds (/ˌælɪˈfætɪk/; G. aleiphar, fat, oil). Aliphatic compounds can be saturated (in which all the C-C bonds are single, requiring the structure to be completed, or 'saturated', by hydrogen) like hexane, or unsaturated, like hexene and hexyne. Open-chain compounds, whether straight or branched, and which contain no rings of any type, are always aliphatic. Cyclic compounds can be aliphatic if they are not aromatic.
Camilism
Camilism, Camilismo, Thought of Camilo or Revolutionary Christianity is a Catholic revolutionary socialist political ideology based on the doctrine and legacy of Colombian Catholic priest and revolutionary Camilo Torres Restrepo.

Camilism is considered a fusion of Christian and Marxist thought, grouped along movements such as Christians for Socialism and the Sandinistas. Camilism was also adopted by the Montoneros.

Revolutionary
A revolutionary is a person who either participates in, or advocates for, a revolution. The term revolutionary can also be used as an adjective to describe something producing a major and sudden impact on society.
Yfrog
yfrog is a defunct image hosting service formerly run by ImageShack. It commenced operations in February 2009 and shut down in 2015. The service was designed primarily to allow  users to share their photographs and videos as links on the Twitter microblogging platform.

Microblogging
Microblogging is a form of blogging using short posts without titles known as microposts or status updates. Microblogs "allow users to exchange small elements of content such as short sentences, individual images, or video links", which may be the major reason for their popularity. Some popular social networks such as X (Twitter), Threads, Tumblr, Mastodon,  Bluesky and Notes can be viewed as collections of microblogs.

As with traditional blogging, users post about topics ranging from the simple, such as "what I'm doing right now", to the thematic, such as "sports cars". Commercial microblogs also exist to promote websites, services, and products and to promote collaboration within an organization.

Some microblogging services offer privacy settings, which allow users to control who can read their microblogs or alternative ways of publishing entries besides the web-based interface. These may include text messaging, instant messaging, e-mail, digital audio, or digital video.
Helen Levine
Helen Levine (née Zivian, 15 October 1923 – 24 October 2018) was a Canadian feminist and activist known for introducing feminist curricula into Canadian social work education. She taught in Ottawa, Ontario, at Carleton University's School of Social Work, from 1972 to 1988, where she introduced radical feminism into the school's structural approach to social work. Levine was recognized for her achievement in advancing the status of women: she was awarded Canada's Governor General's Award in Commemoration of the Persons Case, in 1989.

Governor General's Awards
The Governor General's Awards are a collection of annual awards presented by the governor general of Canada, recognizing distinction in numerous academic, artistic, and social fields.

The first award was conceived and inaugurated in 1937 by the Lord Tweedsmuir, a prolific writer of fiction and non-fiction; he created the Governor General's Literary Award with two award categories. Successive governors general have followed suit, establishing an award for whichever endeavour they personally found important. Only Adrienne Clarkson created three Governor General's Awards: the Governor General's Award in Visual and Media Arts, the Governor General's Northern Medal, and the Governor General's Medal in Architecture (though this was effectively a continuation of the Massey Medal, first established in 1950).
June 2018 Maine Question 1
Maine Question 1 was a people's veto referendum that appeared on the June 12, 2018 statewide ballot. It sought to reject a law passed by the Maine Legislature that suspended the implementation of ranked-choice voting, authorized by Maine voters in a previous referendum, for use in Maine elections until and if an amendment to the Maine Constitution is passed to expressly permit it; failing that, the law would be automatically repealed in 2021. It qualified because supporters of the original referendum collected the necessary number of signatures from registered Maine voters. This vote coincided with primary elections in which party nominees for governor, U.S. Senate, U.S. House, and the Maine Legislature were chosen through RCV to run in general elections on November 6.

The people's veto was passed, with 53.88% of Maine voters voting Yes.  This restored ranked choice voting for primary and federal elections.

Bangor Daily News
The Bangor Daily News is an American newspaper covering a large portion of central and eastern Maine, published six days per week in Bangor, Maine.

The Bangor Daily News was founded on June 18, 1889; it merged with the Bangor Whig and Courier in 1900. Also known as the News or the BDN, the paper is published by Bangor Publishing Company, a local family-owned company.

It has been owned by the Towle-Warren family for four generations; current publisher Richard J. Warren is the great-grandson of J. Norman Towle, who bought the paper in 1895. Since 2018, it has been the only independently owned daily newspaper in the state.
Jack Beebe
Jack Beebe was an American boat builder and designer from Marine City, Michigan, who drove the Miss Detroit hydroplane to the 1915 American Power Boat Association Gold Cup victory after replacing the original driver of the boat who became seasick.
Beebe's boats were known for their speed.

American Power Boat Association
The American Power Boat Association (APBA) is an American membership-owned corporation. In 1903, New York's Columbia Yacht Club had formulated a constitution for what ultimately became the APBA. It is the United States sanctioning authority for the Union Internationale Motonautique, the world governing body for powerboat racing. Headquartered in Eastpointe Michigan, the APBA has over 3,500 active members and sanctions over 150 races nationwide. The APBA sanctions all types of power boat racing from 205+ mph Unlimited Hydroplanes to smaller Junior Class racing starting at age 9.
Todros ben Judah Halevi Abulafia
Todros ben Judah Halevi Abulafia (1247 – after 1300) was a Jewish poet who wrote primarily in Hebrew. He also wrote poems in Arabic.

Abulafia collected his poems in diwan, which he called Gan HaMeshalim veHaHidot (The Garden of Parables and Riddles). The collection of poems was written mostly in Hebrew and included poems by other authors as well. Also included were 35 poems that represented a poetic debate between Todros Abulafia and the poet Phinehas Halevi.

Angel Sáenz-Badillos, Professor in the Hebrew Department of Complutense University of Madrid, Spain, believes that Abulafia was "probably the best and most prolific author of Christian Spain during the reigns of Alfonso the Learned and his son Sancho IV of Castile."

Diwan (poetry)
A diwan (from Persian دیوان divân [d̪iːˈvɒːn]; Arabic pronunciation: [diːˈwaːn]) is a collection of poems by a single author – usually excluding the poet's long poems – in Islamic cultures of West Asia, Central Asia, North Africa, Sicily and South Asia.

The vast majority of Diwan poetry was lyric in nature: either ghazals (or gazels, which make up the greatest part of the repertoire of the tradition) or kasîdes. There were, however, other common genres, most particularly the mesnevî—a kind of verse romance and thus a variety of narrative poetry; the two most notable examples of this form are the Layla and Majnun (ليلى و مجنون) of Fuzûlî and the Hüsn ü Aşk (حسن و عشق – 'Beauty and Love') of Şeyh Gâlib.

Originating in Persian literature, the idea spread to the Arab, Turkic and Indic worlds, and the term was sometimes used in Europe, albeit not always in the same way.
Sargocentron microstoma
Sargocentron microstoma, the fine-lined squirrelfish, slender squirrelfish or smallmouth squirrelfish, is a member of the family Holocentridae. It has a wide range throughout the Indo-Pacific from the Chagos Archipelago, Seychelles, and the Maldives to the Hawaiian Islands, Line Islands, and the Tuamotus Archipelago, north to the Ryukyu Islands and Bonin Islands, south to Austral Islands and throughout Micronesia. It lives near reefs usually at depths between 1–35 m (3.3–114.8 ft), but can be found as deep as 183 m (600 ft). During the day it hides in crevices, especially near Acropora and Pocillopora. It is a nocturnal predator, feeding on crustaceans, worms, and fishes. It can reach sizes of up to 20 cm (7.9 in) TL and has a venomous preopercle.

Tuamotus
The Tuamotu Archipelago or the Tuamotu Islands (French: Îles Tuamotu, officially Archipel des Tuamotu) are a French Polynesian chain of just under 80 islands and atolls in the southern Pacific Ocean. They constitute the largest chain of atolls in the world, extending (from northwest to southeast) over an area roughly the size of Western Europe. Their combined land area is 850 square kilometres (328 square miles). This archipelago's major islands are Rangiroa, Anaa, Fakarava, Hao and Makemo.

The Tuamotus have approximately 16,000 inhabitants. The islands were initially settled by Polynesians, and modern Tuamotuans have inherited from them a shared culture and the Tuamotuan language.

The Tuamotus are a French overseas collectivity.

NOTE: The Marshall Islands, a group of tolls, encompassing 1.2 sq kilometers.
Gerodimos Stathas
Gerodimos Stathas (Greek: Γεροδήμος Σταθάς; 1712–1800) was a Greek armatolos during the pre-Greek Revolution era in Greece. His given name was Dimosthenis, shortened to Dimos, but due to his age and as a title of respect, he was given the prefix Geros ("old man"). He was the founder of the family of the Stathaioi of the Valtos Region. His son, Giannis Stathas went on to lead major revolts against the Ottoman Empire. He is also considered to be the grandfather of Georgios Karaiskakis.

In 1766, Gerodimos took up arms against the Ottoman Empire following a promise from Georgios Papazolis that the Russian Empire would provide help to a Greek revolution. The Orlov Revolt finally ended in 1774 with the total defeat of the Greek rebels. The Russians had signed a peace treaty, effectively ending the Russo-Turkish War and leaving the Greeks without any support. Gerodimos successfully defended against the Turkish reprisals that followed.

Orlov revolt
The Orlov revolt[a] (Greek: Ορλωφικά, Ορλοφικά, Ορλώφεια, lit. 'Orlov events') was a Greek uprising in the Peloponnese and later also in Crete that broke out in February 1770, following the arrival of Russian Admiral Alexey Orlov, commander of the Imperial Russian Navy during the Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774), at the Mani Peninsula. The revolt, a major precursor to the Greek War of Independence (which erupted in 1821), was part of Catherine the Great's so-called "Greek Plan" and was eventually suppressed by the Ottomans by June 1770, three months after it had begun.
Sa'ib Khathir
Sa'ib Khathir (died 683) was an influential Persian musician in the early days of the Umayyad Caliphate (661–750). A freedman (mawla), Sa'ib was responsible for introducing music to Medina. He was killed during the Battle of al-Harra.

Mawla
Mawlā (Arabic: مَوْلَى; IPA: [maw.laː], plural mawālī مَوَالِي; [ma.waː.liː]), is a polysemous Arabic word, whose meaning varied in different periods and contexts.

Before the Islamic prophet Muhammad, the term applied to any form of tribal association.

In the Quran and hadiths it is used in multiple senses, including 'lord', 'guardian', and 'trustee'.

After Muhammad's death, the Umayyad dynasty accepted new converts to Islam into Arab-Muslim society and the word mawali gained currency as an appellation for converted non-Arab Muslims in the early Islamic caliphates.
7-demicubic honeycomb
The 7-demicubic honeycomb, or demihepteractic honeycomb is a uniform space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb) in Euclidean 7-space. It is constructed as an alternation of the regular 7-cubic honeycomb.

It is composed of two different types of facets. The 7-cubes become alternated into 7-demicubes h{4,3,3,3,3,3} and the alternated vertices create 7-orthoplex {3,3,3,3,3,4} facets.

Voronoi diagram
In mathematics, a Voronoi diagram is a partition of a plane into regions close to each of a given set of objects. It can be classified also as a tessellation. In the simplest case, these objects are just finitely many points in the plane (called seeds, sites, or generators). For each seed there is a corresponding region, called a Voronoi cell, consisting of all points of the plane closer to that seed than to any other. The Voronoi diagram of a set of points is dual to that set's Delaunay triangulation.

The Voronoi diagram is named after mathematician Georgy Voronoy, and is also called a Voronoi tessellation, a Voronoi decomposition, a Voronoi partition, or a Dirichlet tessellation (after Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet). Voronoi cells are also known as Thiessen polygons, after Alfred H. Thiessen. Voronoi diagrams have practical and theoretical applications in many fields, mainly in science and technology, but also in visual art.
Saw Maha-Rit
Saw Maha-Rit (Burmese: စောမဟာရာဇ်, Burmese pronunciation: [sɔ́ məhà ɹɪ̀ʔ]; d. 1402) was a Hanthawaddy royal and a military commander. A son-in-law of King Razadarit, Maha-Rit led the first siege of Prome (Pyay) during the Second Ava–Hanthawaddy War. He was executed for leaving behind his wife Princess Tala Mi Kyaw at the battle scene.

Hanthawaddy kingdom
The Hanthawaddy kingdomMon: ဍုၚ် ဟံသာဝတဳ, [hɔŋsawətɔe]listenⓘ; Burmese: ဟံသာဝတီ နေပြည်တော်; also Rone Hongsarwatoi or simply Pegu), classical name Ham̥sāvatī ("Realm of Hamsa"), was the polity that ruled lower Burma (Myanmar) from 1287 to 1539 and from 1550 to 1552. The Mon-speaking kingdom was founded as Ramaññadesa (Mon: ရးမည, Burmese: ရာမည ဒေသ) by King Wareru following the collapse of the Pagan kingdom in 1287: 205–206, 209  as a nominal vassal state of the Sukhothai kingdom and of the Mongol Yuan dynasty. The kingdom became formally independent of Sukhothai in 1330 but remained a loose federation of three major regional power centres: the Irrawaddy Delta, Bago, and Mottama. Its kings had little or no authority over the vassals. Mottama was in open rebellion from 1363 to 1388.
1865 Newfoundland general election
The 1865 Newfoundland general election was held on November 7, 1865 to elect members of the 9th General Assembly of Newfoundland in the Newfoundland Colony. The Conservative Party led by Frederick Carter formed the government. Following the resignation of premier Hugh Hoyles, Carter took office and successfully negotiated a coalition government with several members of the Liberal Party, including leader of the opposition Ambrose Shea. Carter and Shea both endorsed Newfoundland's Confederation with Canada following their attendance as observers of the 1864 Quebec Conference. The opposition to the Carter-Shea coalition was disorganized and loosely led by former Receiver General Thomas Glen.

Frederick Carter
Sir Frederick Bowker Terrington Carter KCMG (February 12, 1819 – March 1, 1900) was a Newfoundlander lawyer and politician who served as Premier of Newfoundland from 1865 to 1870 and from 1874 to 1878.
Bahía Blanca and North Western Railway
The Bahía Blanca and North Western Railway (Spanish: Ferrocarril Bahía Blanca al Noroeste) was a British-owned railway company that operated in Argentina. The original project was the rail line to run through the provinces of Buenos Aires, Córdoba and San Luis, tracks were only extended to Toay in La Pampa and Huinca Renancó in Córdoba. The BB&NWR was also the first railway line to reach La Pampa.

Huinca Renancó
Huinca Renancó is a city in the province of Córdoba, Argentina.

Huinca Renanco is almost equidistant between Rio Cuarto, to the city's north, and Santa Rosa, to the city's south, via Argentina Highway 35.
2008 Conwy County Borough Council election
The 2008 Conwy Borough Council election took place on 1 May 2008 to elect members of Conwy County Borough Council in Wales. It was on the same day as other 2008 United Kingdom local elections. The previous elections took place on 10 June 2004 and the following election took place on 3 May 2012.

Fifty nine county councillors were elected from the county's thirty eight electoral wards. The biggest gains were by the Conservative Party with eight additional seats, while the Labour Party and Independent group lost out. There were several very close results, with the Conservatives winning in Capelulo by 26 votes, the sitting veteran Labour councillor in Llandudno's Tudno losing by 27 votes and the Independent councillor in Llansannan winning by only four votes. Similarly to the previous Conwy elections in 1995, 1999 and 2004, no party or group ended in overall majority control.

Welsh Labour
Welsh Labour (Welsh: Llafur Cymru), formerly known as the Labour Party in Wales (Welsh: Y Blaid Lafur yng Nghymru), is an autonomous section of the United Kingdom Labour Party in Wales and the largest party in the modern politics of Wales. Welsh Labour and its forebears have won a plurality of the Welsh vote at every United Kingdom general election since 1922, every National Assembly (now Senedd) election since 1999, and all elections to the European Parliament in the period 1979–2004 and in 2014. Welsh Labour holds 27 of the 32 Welsh seats in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, 29 of the 60 seats in the Welsh Senedd, and 576 of the 1,264 councillors in principal local authorities including overall control of 10 of the 22 principal local authorities.

It has longest winning streak of any political party in the world and has been described as "by some distance the democratic world's most successful election-winning machine".
Google and trade unions
Tensions between the multinational technology company Google and its workers escalated in 2018 and 2019 as staff protested company decisions on a censored search engine for China, military drone artificial intelligence, and internal sexual harassment.

Google employees formed trade unions in South Korea, the United States, the United Kingdom and elected a staff council in Switzerland. Subcontractors form basis for majority of unionizing at Google, including cafeteria services. The Alphabet Workers Union organizes workers across Alphabet Inc in the United States, the parent company of Google.

The Verge
The Verge is an online American technology news publication headquartered in Lower Manhattan, New York City and operated by Vox Media. The website publishes news, feature stories, guidebooks, product reviews, consumer electronics news, and podcasts.

The website was launched on November 1, 2011 and used Vox Media's proprietary multimedia publishing platform Chorus until January 28, 2025, when it switched to WordPress. In 2014, Nilay Patel was named editor-in-chief and Dieter Bohn executive editor; Helen Havlak was named editorial director in 2017. The Verge won five Webby Awards for the year 2012 including awards for Best Writing (Editorial), Best Podcast for The Vergecast, Best Visual Design, Best Consumer Electronics Site, and Best Mobile News App.