hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pulse-per-second signal
A pulse per second (PPS or 1PPS) is an electrical signal that has a width of less than one second and a sharply rising or abruptly falling edge that accurately repeats once per second. PPS signals are output by radio beacons, frequency standards, other types of precision oscillators and some GPS receivers. Precision clocks are sometimes manufactured by interfacing a PPS signal generator to processing equipment that aligns the PPS signal to the UTC second and converts it to a useful display. Atomic clocks usually have an external PPS output, although internally they may operate at 9,192,631,770 Hz. PPS signals have an accuracy ranging from 12 picoseconds to a few microseconds per second, or 2.0 nanoseconds to a few milliseconds per day based on the resolution and accuracy of the device generating the signal.

Frequency standard
A frequency standard is a stable oscillator used for frequency calibration or reference. A frequency standard generates a fundamental frequency with a high degree of accuracy and precision. Harmonics of this fundamental frequency are used to provide reference points.

Since time is the reciprocal of frequency, it is relatively easy to derive a time standard from a frequency standard. A standard clock comprises a frequency standard, a device to count off the cycles of the oscillation emitted by the frequency standard, and a means of displaying or outputting the result.

Frequency standards in a network or facility are sometimes administratively designated as primary or secondary. The terms primary and secondary, as used in this context, should not be confused with the respective technical meanings of these words in the discipline of precise time and frequency.
27th Awit Awards
The 27th Awit Awards were held at the Newport Performing Arts Theater in Resorts World Manila, Pasay. They honored the best of Filipino music for the year 2013.

Gloc-9 received the most nominations with nine. He was followed by Thyro Alfaro and Ito Rapadas with seven. Jumbo De Belen and Jonathan Manalo came next receiving six nods.

The awards night was hosted by Marion Aunor and Josh Padilla. Gloc-9 won most of the awards with six.

Pasay
Pasay, officially the City of Pasay (Filipino: Lungsod ng Pasay; IPA: [ˈpaː.saɪ̯]), is a highly urbanized city in the National Capital Region of the Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 453,186 people.

Due to its location just south of Manila, Pasay quickly became an urban town during the American colonial period. It is now best known for being the site of most of Ninoy Aquino International Airport and of complexes such as Newport City and the SM Central Business Park.
Josiah Conder (editor and author)
Josiah Conder (17 September 1789 – 27 December 1855), was an abolitionist, author and hymn-writer from England. A correspondent of Robert Southey and well-connected to Romantic authors of his day, he was editor of the British literary magazine The Eclectic Review, the Nonconformist and abolitionist newspaper The Patriot, the author of romantic verses, poetry, and many popular hymns that survive to this day. His most ambitious non-fiction work was the thirty-volume worldwide geographical tome The Modern Traveller; and his best-selling compilation book The Congregational Hymn Book. Conder was a prominent London Congregationalist, an abolitionist, and took an active part in seeking to repeal British anti-Jewish laws.

Jewish emancipation in the United Kingdom
Jewish emancipation in the United Kingdom was the culmination in the 19th century of efforts over many years to remove the legal restrictions set in place on England's Jewish population.  Between 1833 and 1890 Parliament passed a series of laws that placed male Jews in the United Kingdom on an equal legal footing with the kingdom's other emancipated males.
Edith, Missouri
Edith is an unincorporated community in Russell Township in southern Camden County, Missouri, United States, known also as Green Gables. It is located on State Road U three miles south of U.S. Route 54, and about seven miles east of Macks Creek and 12 miles west of Camdenton.

There was a post office here between 1894 and 1918. Edith was a resort community based around recreational access to the Niangua River and the Green Gables Lodge in the 1940s.

The Pleasant Grove School was located here, and a natural stone schoolhouse that was rebuilt in 2006 operated between 1938 and 1946. The Pleasant Grove Cemetery and the Pleasant Grove Missionary Baptist Church, founded in 1868, remain here.

Camdenton, Missouri
Camdenton is a city in and the county seat of Camden County, Missouri, United States. As of the 2020 census, Camdenton had a population of 3,960. The city is enveloped by the Lower Niangua arm of the Lake of the Ozarks, and serves as a popular trade point for visitors to the area.
Jean Jules Verdenal
Jean Jules Verdenal (11 May 1890 – 2 May 1915) was a French medical officer who served, and was killed, during the First World War. Verdenal and his life remain obscure; the little that is known comes mainly from interviews with family members and several surviving letters.

Verdenal was born in Pau, France, the son of Paul Verdenal, a medical doctor. He had a talent for foreign languages. He was athletically inclined. Verdenal as a student was interested in literature and poetry and possessed copies of Stéphane Mallarmé's Poésies and of Jules Laforgue's Poésies and Moralités Légendaires. It was perhaps Verdenal's literary inclinations that led him to become friends with American poet T.S. Eliot, whom he met in 1910 at the Sorbonne. After they parted ways, Verdenal and Eliot corresponded through letters. Verdenal was killed on 2 May 1915 while treating a wounded man on the battlefield. This was just a week into the Gallipoli Campaign and a few days shy of his twenty-fifth birthday.

Jules Laforgue
Jules Laforgue (French: [ʒyl lafɔʁɡ]; 16 August 1860 – 20 August 1887) was a Franco-Uruguayan poet, often referred to as a Symbolist poet. Critics and commentators have also pointed to Impressionism as a direct influence and his poetry has been called "part-symbolist, part-impressionist". Laforgue was a model for Pierre-Auguste Renoir, including for Renoir's 1881 painting Luncheon of the Boating Party.
Skarkampen
Skarkampen (The Pass Crag) is a mountain in Nordenskiöld Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. It has a height of 621 m.a.s.l. and is  located between the plain of Lågnesflya and the valley of Ytterdalen. The mountain pass of Ytterskaret separates Skarkampen from the mountain of Ytterdalssåta further south.

Nordenskiöld Land
Nordenskiöld Land is the land area between Isfjorden and Van Mijenfjorden on Spitsbergen, Svalbard. The area is named after Finnish-Swedish explorer and geologist Nils Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld. The coastal region of Nordenskiöld Land (Nordenskiøldkysten) has been identified as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because it supports breeding populations of barnacle geese and common eiders.
Sölden Priory
Sölden Priory was initially a Cluniac monastery of nuns, established in 1115 at Sölden in the district of Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald in the Black Forest, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. In the 16th century it became a community of monks.

Black Forest
The Black Forest (German: Schwarzwald [ˈʃvaʁtsvalt] ⓘ) is a large forested mountain range in the state of Baden-Württemberg in southwest Germany, bounded by the Rhine Valley to the west and south and close to the borders with France and Switzerland. It is the source of the Danube and Neckar rivers.

Its highest peak is the Feldberg with an elevation of 1,493 metres (4,898 ft) above sea level. Roughly oblong in shape, with a length of 160 kilometres (100 miles) and breadth of up to 50 km (30 mi), it has an area of about 6,009 km2 (2,320 sq mi).

Historically, the area was known for forestry and the mining of ore deposits, but tourism has now become the primary industry, accounting for around 300,000 jobs. There are several ruined military fortifications dating back to the 17th century.
Meurig ap Hywel
Meurig ap Hywel (died c. 843/49) was a 9th-century king of Gwent in southeastern Wales.

The Chronicle of the Princes reported that in the year 843 AD, "Saxons" invaded Anglesey. Meurig, son of King Hywel of "Morgannwg" (actually, only part of Glywysing), was said to have joined Rhodri the Great in defeating them but to have fallen in the battle. The murder of "Mouric" or "Meuruc" by the Saxons is also recorded around this time by the Annals of Wales, although Phillimore's reconstruction of the dating places those entries in the year 849 instead. in the Annals of Wales.

Wales in the High Middle Ages
Wales in the High  Middle Ages covers the 11th to 13th centuries in Welsh history. Beginning shortly before the Norman invasion of the 1060s and ending with the Conquest of Wales by Edward I between 1278 and 1283, it was a period of significant political, cultural and social change for the country.
Francine Coeytaux
Francine Coeytaux, founder of the Pacific Institute for Women's Health, is an American-based French public health specialist and abortion rights activist who has developed and evaluated family planning and reproductive health programs. She is known for her work on comprehensive reproductive health services, abortion and new reproductive technologies. She was an Associate at the Population Council in New York City where she started an international program to address the problem of unsafe abortion, collaborated on the public introduction of Norplant and RU 486, and helped develop reproductive health activities in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Abortion-rights movement
Abortion-rights movements, also self-styled as pro-choice movements, are movements that advocate for legal access to induced abortion services, including elective abortion. They seek to represent and support women who wish to terminate their pregnancy without fear of legal or social backlash.  These movements are in direct opposition to anti-abortion movements.

The issue of induced abortion remains divisive in public life, with recurring arguments to liberalize or restrict access to legal abortion services. Some abortion-rights supporters are divided as to the types of abortion services that should be available under different circumstances, including periods in the pregnancy such as late term abortions, in which access may or may not be restricted.
Atatoa Herman
Atatoa Joseph Herman (born 2 December 1959) is a Cook Islands politician and former member of the Cook Islands Parliament.  He is a member of the Cook Islands Party.

Herman was born in Rarotonga. He attended school in Auckland, New Zealand, then shifted to the Cook Islands as a student at Avarua Primary school, Avatea Primary school and Tereora College. He studied at the University of Canterbury in Christchurch, New Zealand, graduating with a Bachelor of Engineering. After a career as a public servant, culminating in serving as Secretary of Works between 2003 and 2008, Herman was elected to the seat of Ngatangiia at the 2010 election. In May 2011 he was made associate minister for the environment. He lost his seat at the 2014 election.

Herman was invested with the traditional Teaia Mataiapo title in 2009.

2010 Cook Islands general election
A general election was held in the Cook Islands on 17 November 2010 to elect 24 MPs to the Cook Islands Parliament. The Cook Islands Party won 16 seats, a two-thirds majority. Voter turnout was 78%.

A binding referendum on whether the number of MPs should be reduced from 24 was held at the same time as the election.
No. 409 (Fleet Fighter) Flight RAF
No. 409 (Fleet Fighter) Flight was a naval aviation unit of the Royal Air Force operating during the early 1930s.

The unit was formed on 7 October 1932 at Gosport. The Flight was disbanded and merged with 408 (Fleet Fighter) Flight aboard HMS Glorious on 3 April 1933, to form 802 Naval Air Squadron.

HMS Sultan (1956 shore establishment)
HMS Sultan is a stone frigate of the Royal Navy in Gosport, Hampshire, England.  It is the primary engineering training establishment for the Royal Navy and home to the Network Rail Advanced Apprenticeship Scheme and the EDF Energy engineering maintenance apprenticeship.

The site was originally RAF Gosport it was then transferred to the Royal Navy during 1945 as Royal Naval Air Station Sultan (HMS Siskin) (Hence a nearby school being named Siskin School) it was then renamed HMS Sultan on 1 June 1956 when the airfield side was closed down and a Mechanical Repair Establishment was moved here from the Flathouse area by Portsmouth Dockyard.

The site was also home to HMS Centurion between 1970 and 1994, as a drafting depot and a pay and accounting centre.
Ulrich Schmidl
Ulrich Schmidl or Schmidel (c. 1510 - 1581) was a German conquistador and chronicler. Between 1534 and 1554 he took part in the Spanish conquest of the Río de la Plata region. Upon his return to Germany in 1554 he wrote a narrative of his adventures in the New World. His account is one of the earliest and most important sources of information about the history of the region during that time period. Historians regard his account as generally reliable.

Straubing
Straubing (pronounced [ˈʃtʁaʊbɪŋ] ⓘ; Central Bavarian: Strauwing) is an independent city in Lower Bavaria, southern Germany. It is seat of the district of Straubing-Bogen. Annually in August the Gäubodenvolksfest, the second largest fair in Bavaria, is held.

The city is located on the Danube forming the centre of the Gäuboden.
Mihai Damian
Mihai Damian (born 2 February 1990) is a Romanian retired ski jumper who represented Romania from 2004 to 2008. He competed in the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2007, participated three times in the FIS Nordic Junior World Ski Championships, and won three gold medals at the 2007 Romanian National Championships, as well as gold and silver medals in 2008.

In the 2007–08 season, Damian earned points in the FIS Cup four times, with his best result being 24th place in Notodden. He competed 17 times in the winter FIS Ski Jumping Continental Cup and four times in the Summer Continental Cup, but never scored points. His highest Continental Cup finish was 51st in Braunlage during the 2004–05 season. He never participated in the FIS Ski Jumping World Cup.

In 2007, Damian competed in the qualifications for both individual events at the Nordic World Ski Championships but failed to advance to the main competitions, finishing last in both qualifiers.

Garmisch-Partenkirchen
Garmisch-Partenkirchen (German pronunciation: [ˈɡaʁmɪʃ paʁtn̩ˈkɪʁçn̩] ⓘ; Bavarian: Garmasch-Partakurch) is an Alpine ski town in Bavaria, southern Germany. It is the seat of government of the district of Garmisch-Partenkirchen (abbreviated GAP), in the Oberbayern region, which borders Austria. Nearby is Germany's highest mountain, Zugspitze, at 2,962 metres (9,718 ft) above sea level.

The town is known as the site of the 1936 Winter Olympic Games, the first to include alpine skiing, and hosts a variety of winter sports competitions.
Jardim-Pomar
Jardim-Pomar (Garden-Orchard) is the eighth studio album by Brazilian singer-songwriter Nando Reis and his band Os Infernais. It was recorded in São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil and in Seattle, Washington, United States, with the help of producers Barrett Martin and Jack Endino. Its lyrics deal with themes such as death, faith, absence of God and passions.

Paulo Miklos
Paulo Roberto de Souza Miklos (known as Paulo Miklos Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈpawlu ˈmiklus], born on January 21, 1959) is a Brazilian multi-instrumentalist, musician and actor. He is best known for his tenure with the band Titãs, in which he was a vocalist, guitarist and occasional saxophonist, keyboardist and harmonica player from its inception in 1982 until 2016, when he left it to focus on personal projects.

As an actor, he has appeared in a few films and television series. His acting career started with a main role in the movie O Invasor.
Stephen Kelly (footballer, born 1983)
Stephen Michael David Kelly (born 6 September 1983) is an Irish former professional footballer who played as a right back. He was part of the team that secured the Republic of Ireland's qualification for UEFA Euro 2012.

Kelly began his professional career at Tottenham Hotspur and also played for Southend United, Queens Park Rangers, Watford, Birmingham City, Stoke City, Fulham and Reading before joining his final club, Rotherham United, in 2015. He was capped 39 times for the Republic of Ireland.

2011 Nations Cup
The 2011 Nations Cup (also known as the Carling Nations Cup after its headline sponsor) was a round-robin football tournament between the Northern Ireland, Republic of Ireland, Scotland, and Wales national teams. The first set of two games were played in Dublin in February, with the remaining four games played in May 2011. It was won by the Republic of Ireland, who won all three of their games without conceding a goal.
2025 Asian Eastern Zonal Women's Volleyball Championship
The 2025 Asian Eastern Zonal Women's Volleyball Championship was the 14th edition of the Asian Eastern Zonal Women's Volleyball Championship, the volleyball championship of East Asia. It was held at Queen Elizabeth Stadium in Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong from 26 to 31 August 2025.

Hong Kong Time
Hong Kong Time (abbreviation: HKT; Chinese: 香港時間; Jyutping: hoeng1 gong2 si4 gaan3) is the time in Hong Kong, observed at UTC+08:00 all year round. The Hong Kong Observatory is the official timekeeper of the Hong Kong Time. It is indicated as Asia/Hong_Kong in the IANA time zone database.
Nodiceps
Nodiceps is an extinct genus from a well-known class of fossil marine arthropods, the trilobites. It lived during the later part of the Botomian stage, which lasted from approximately 524 to 518.5 million years ago. This faunal stage was part of the Cambrian Period.

Cambrian Stage 4
Cambrian Stage 4 is the still unnamed fourth stage of the Cambrian and the upper stage of Cambrian Series 2. It follows Cambrian Stage 3 and lies below the Wuliuan. The lower boundary has not been formally defined by the International Commission on Stratigraphy. One proposal is the first appearance of two trilobite genera, Olenellus or Redlichia. Another proposal is the first appearance of the trilobite species Arthricocephalus chauveaui. Both proposals will set the lower boundary close to 514.5 million years ago. The upper boundary corresponds to the beginning of the Wuliuan.
Kabaman
Kabaman is a village that is located on the south-west coast of New Ireland, Papua New Guinea, south of Kait and north of Lamassa. The people speak the Siar-Lak language. It is located in Konoagil Rural LLG.

Siar-Lak language
Siar, also known as Lak, Lamassa, or Likkilikki, is an Austronesian language spoken in New Ireland Province in the southern island point of Papua New Guinea. Lak is in the Patpatar-Tolai sub-group, which then falls under the New Ireland-Tolai group in the Western Oceanic language, a sub-group within the Austronesian family. The Siar people keep themselves sustained and nourished by fishing and gardening. The native people call their language ep warwar anun dat, which means 'our language'.
Pascual Ruiz Huidobro
Pascual Ruiz Huidobro (Ourense, Galicia, 1752 – Mendoza, Argentina, March 1813), was a Spanish soldier in the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, who fought against the British invasions of the Río de la Plata as Governor of Montevideo.

Ruiz Huidobro had a long naval service career in the Spanish Navy, in Cádiz and other locations. He arrived in the Río de la Plata with the Viceroy Ceballos expedition in 1777. After serving in different posts in Spanish America, he reached the post of Teniente General de Marina (Navy Lieutenant General). In 1803 he was named civil and military Governor of Montevideo and commander of the local navy fleet. The next year, with new Viceroy Sobremonte, he was named chief troop inspector of the viceroyalty, that is to say second in military command after the viceroy.

Ourense
Ourense (Galician: [owˈɾɛnsɪ]; Spanish: Orense [oˈɾense] ⓘ) is a city and the capital of the province of Ourense, located in the autonomous community of Galicia, northwestern Spain. It is on the Camino Sanabrés path of the Way of St James (Camino de Santiago), and is crossed by the Miño, Barbaña, Loña and Barbañica rivers. It is also known as A cidade das Burgas (in Galician) due to its hot springs, being one of the European cities with the greatest thermal heritage.
Hobartville Stakes
The Hobartville Stakes is an Australian Turf Club Group 2 Thoroughbred horse race, for three-year-olds at set weights, over a distance of 1400 metres. It is held at Rosehill Gardens Racecourse in Sydney, Australia in the February.

Australian Turf Club
Australian Turf Club (ATC) owns and operates thoroughbred racing, events and hospitality venues across Sydney, Australia. The ATC came into being on 7 February 2011 when the Australian Jockey Club (AJC) and the Sydney Turf Club (STC) merged. The ATC primarily operates out of their offices at Randwick Racecourse and employs approximately 270 full-time staff and over 1,000 casual staff across the five venues. The venues include Randwick, Rosehill Gardens, Canterbury Park, Warwick Farm and the Rosehill Bowling Club.
2022 Oeiras Ladies Open – Doubles
Lidziya Marozava and Andreea Mitu were the defending champions but Marozava chose not to participate. Mitu partnered alongside Oksana Kalashnikova but lost in the semifinals to Katharina Gerlach and Natalija Stevanović.

Katarzyna Piter and Kimberley Zimmermann won the title, defeating Gerlach and Stevanović in the final, 6–1, 6–1.

Lidziya Marozava
Lidziya Marozava (Belarusian: Лідзія Аляксандраўна Марозава, Russian: Лидия Александровна Морозова, Lidiya Aleksandrovna Morozova; born 8 October 1992) is a professional tennis player from Belarus who has specialized in doubles.

On 1 October 2018, Marozava reached her career-high of No. 37 in the WTA doubles rankings.
She has won four doubles titles on the WTA Tour plus two doubles titles on the WTA Challenger Tour.

She has also won 21 doubles titles and one singles title on the ITF Circuit. On 25 September 2017, she peaked at No. 468 in the singles rankings.

Playing for the Belarus Fed Cup team, Marozava has an overall win–loss record of 4–3 as of August 2024.

Having entered the tournament as alternates when second seeds Hailey Baptiste and Caty McNally withdrew, she won the doubles at the WTA 250 2022 Abierto Zapopan, playing with Kaitlyn Christian and defeating Wang Xinyu and Zhu Lin in the final.
2023 Target Pride Month merchandise backlash
A backlash against Target occurred in the lead up to Pride Month in 2023 after the American retailer released its Pride month merchandise, sparking attacks and threats from conservative anti-LGBTQ groups.

In May 2024, Target announced that not all stores would carry its 2024 pride collection.

Backlash (sociology)
A backlash is a strong negative or hostile reaction to a particular idea, action, trend, or social change. It often arises when individuals or groups perceive a threat to their values, status, or power. In sociopolitical contexts, particularly within identity politics in the Western world, the term is frequently used to describe reactions against efforts to advance the rights or visibility of marginalized groups.

Backlashes can manifest as public opposition, policy reversals, or cultural resistance, and are often viewed as attempts to restore a previous social or political order. Scholars sometimes interpret backlash not as a denial of change, but as a response driven by perceived loss, resentment, or fear of displacement.