hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rifnik
Rifnik (pronounced [ˈɾiːfnik], German: Reichenegg) is a settlement in the Municipality of Šentjur, eastern Slovenia. It lies on Rifnik Hill, just south of the town of Šentjur. The settlement, and the entire municipality, are included in the Savinja Statistical Region, which is in the Slovenian portion of the historical Duchy of Styria.

Duchy of Styria
The Duchy of Styria (German: Herzogtum Steiermark; Slovene: Vojvodina Štajerska; Latin: Ducatus Styriae) was a duchy located in modern-day southern Austria and northern Slovenia. It was a part of the Holy Roman Empire until its dissolution in 1806 and a Cisleithanian crown land of Austria-Hungary until its dissolution in 1918.
Svetlana Mironova
Svetlana Nikolayevna Mironova (Russian: Светлана Николаевна Миронова; born 20 August 1986) is a Russian orienteering competitor. She won a gold medal in the relay at the 2012 European Orienteering Championships in Falun.

She competed at the 2012 World Orienteering Championships. In the middle distance she qualified for the final, where she placed 21st.

International Orienteering Federation
The International Orienteering Federation (IOF) is the international governing body of the sport of orienteering.  The IOF head office is located in Karlstad, Sweden. The IOF governs four orienteering disciplines: foot orienteering, mountain bike orienteering, ski orienteering, and trail orienteering.

After the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the International Orienteering Federation suspended the membership of the Russian Orienteering Federation. The IOF also disallowed Russian orienteering athletes from participating in IOF events, even as neutral athletes, cancelled all organising rights for IOF events and activities in Russia, and suspended all Russian members appointed to IOF official bodies.
Drosophila willistoni
Drosophila willistoni is a species of fruit fly. It was originally described by Alfred Sturtevant in 1916. It ranges from Florida, Mexico and Caribbean islands southwards to Argentina and is the most common Drosophilid fruit fly in the Amazon rainforest.

This fruitfly is widely used for scientific research, including genetic research.

Alfred Sturtevant
Alfred Henry Sturtevant (November 21, 1891 – April 5, 1970) was an American geneticist. Sturtevant constructed the first genetic map of a chromosome in 1911. Throughout his career he worked on the organism Drosophila melanogaster with Thomas Hunt Morgan. By watching the development of flies in which the earliest cell division produced two different genomes, he measured the embryonic distance between organs in a unit which is called the sturt in his honor. On February 13, 1968, Sturtevant received the 1967 National Medal of Science from President Lyndon B. Johnson.
Cleobury Mortimer and Ditton Priors Light Railway
The Cleobury Mortimer and Ditton Priors Light Railway was a pre-grouping railway company that served part of south Shropshire.

Everard Calthrop was appointed Consulting Engineer in 1900, responsible for surveying the route and preparing the construction plans. Construction was authorised by the Cleobury Mortimer and Ditton Priors Light Railway Order 1901 under the Light Railways Act 1896 granted on 23 March 1901, and the line opened for passenger traffic on 21 November 1908. The line had a junction with the Tenbury and Bewdley railway of the Great Western Railway (GWR) at Cleobury Mortimer and was absorbed into the GWR in 1922.

The line closed for passenger services on 26 September 1938. The line was then used by the Royal Navy which had a Royal Naval Armaments Depot (RNAD) at the end of line at RNAD Ditton Priors until the railway finally closed in 1960.

Everard Calthrop
Everard Richard Calthrop (3 March 1857 – 30 March 1927) was a British railway engineer and inventor. Calthrop was a notable promoter and builder of narrow-gauge railways, especially of 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) narrow gauge, and was especially prominent in India. His most notable achievement was the Barsi Light Railway, but he is best known in his home country for the Leek and Manifold Valley Light Railway. Calthrop has been described as a "railway genius". Later in life he took an interest in aviation, patenting some early designs for parachutes.
William Frederick Windham
William Frederick Windham (9 August 1840 – 2 February 1866) was the son of William Howe Windham and the heir to Felbrigg Hall in the county of Norfolk, England. In 1861–62, he was the subject of a "lunacy" case after he married a woman of whom his uncle did not approve, causing his family to claim that he was incapable of managing his affairs. Windham won the case in a ruling that characterised him as eccentric rather than a lunatic.

The case was described in the British Journal of Psychiatry as "a significant event in psychiatric history" in the transition from "legal management in psychiatric illness and towards medical management".

A spendthrift, Windham frittered away his considerable fortune and, facing legal fees of £20,000 from the case, was forced to declare bankruptcy and sell Felbrigg Hall. He moved into a local hotel but continued his dissolute lifestyle and worked as a coach driver before dying at the age of 25.

Lunacy Act 1845
The Lunacy Act 1845 or the Lunatics Act 1845 (8 & 9 Vict. c. 100) and the County Asylums Act 1845 (8 & 9 Vict. c. 126) formed mental health law in England and Wales from 1845 to 1890. The Lunacy Act's most important provision was a change in the status of mentally ill people to patients.

The Lunacy Act 1845 was passed through Parliament simultaneously with the County Asylums Act 1845. The two acts were dependent on each other. The Lunacy Act established the Lunacy Commission and the County Asylums Act set forth most of the provisions as to what was to be monitored within the asylums and helped establish the public network of the county asylums.
Fung Ging-man
Fung Ging-man (Chinese: 馮敬文), (22 January 1912 – 9 November 1997), sometimes credited as Ging-man Fung and Fung King-Man, was a Cantonese Hong Kong actor, script supervisor, production manager, and director. He acted in over 300 films, and he also played as himself in Bruce Lee, the Man and the Legend, which starred Bruce Lee.

Bruce Lee, the Man and the Legend
Bruce Lee, the Man and the Legend (Chinese: 李小龍的生與死, also known as The Legend is Born of Bruce Lee and Year of the Dragon) is a 1973 documentary film directed by Wu Shih, produced by Raymond Chow and Leonard Ho. An co-production, it stars Bruce Lee, the end credits of the documentary include a dedication with a Chinese character inscription, followed by: "Produced by Bruce Lee's follow workers in Golden Harvest (HK) LTD - Concorn Productions LTD". A follow-up/reworking of this documentary was released in 1984 under the title Bruce Lee: The Legend, directed and produced by Leonard Ho.
Hayato Tsutsumi
Hayato Tsutsumi (堤駿斗, Shunto Tsutsumi; born 12 July 1999) is a Japanese professional boxer. As an amateur, Tsutsumi won a gold medal at the 2016 World Youth Championships. Tsutsumi also competed at the 2021 World Championships.

2021 AIBA World Boxing Championships
The 2021 AIBA World Boxing Championships were held in Belgrade, Serbia from 25 October to 6 November. Belgrade was picked to host the championships for the second time; the original 2021 contract with New Delhi was cancelled due to a disagreement between AIBA and the Boxing Federation of India over hosting fees. AIBA also demanded the BFI pay a cancellation penalty of US$500,000.

For the first time in AIBA’s 75-year history, medal winners were awarded prize money; gold medallists earn $100,000, silver medallists $50,000, and bronze medallists $25,000. The overall prize fund was worth $2.6 million.
Violent Cop
Violent Cop (その男、凶暴につき, Sono Otoko, Kyōbō Ni Tsuki; lit. 'That Man, Being Violent') is a 1989 Japanese neo-noir action thriller film directed by Takeshi Kitano, written by Kitano and Hisashi Nozawa, and starring Kitano, Maiko Kawakami, Makoto Ashikawa, Hakuryu, Ken Yoshizawa, and Ittoku Kishibe. It follows Azuma, a Japanese police detective known for his rough and unprofessional conduct, after he is assigned to investigate drug trafficking by the yakuza. It was Kitano's directorial debut, and marked the beginning of his career as a filmmaker. Takeshi Kitano rewrote most of the film's original screenplay by Hisashi Nozawa.

Police brutality
Police brutality is the excessive and unwarranted use of force by law enforcement against an individual or a group. It is an extreme form of police misconduct and is a civil rights violation. Police brutality includes, but is not limited to, asphyxiation, beatings, shootings, improper takedowns, racially-motivated violence and unwarranted use of tasers.
Lake Wells
Lake Wells is an ephemeral salt lake in the centre of Western Australia, lying in close proximity to Lake Carnegie. It lies east of Wiluna and is at the southern edge of the Little Sandy Desert and south western border of the Gibson Desert. It also lies to the north west of the Great Central Road and the Great Victoria Desert. Its surface elevation is 436 metres above mean sea-level. Lake Wells has an area of 1895 square kilometres.

Gibson Desert
The Gibson Desert is a large desert in Western Australia, mainly in an almost pristine state. It is about 155,000 square kilometres (60,000 sq mi) in size, making it the fifth largest desert in Australia, after the Great Victoria, Great Sandy, Tanami and Simpson deserts. The Gibson Desert is both an interim Australian bioregion and desert ecoregion.
Robot Restaurant
Robot Restaurant was an entertainment venue operated by Robot Restaurant Co., Ltd. located in Kabukicho, Shinjuku, Tokyo. The restaurant offered dinner with a robot show. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the restaurant has permanently shut down.

Kabukichō
Kabukichō (歌舞伎町, Kabuki-chō; pronounced [kabɯki̥ tɕoː]) is an entertainment district in Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan. Kabukichō is considered a red-light district with a high concentration of host and hostess clubs, love hotels, shops, restaurants, and nightclubs, and is often called the "Sleepless Town" (眠らない街, Nemuranai Machi; pronounced [nemɯɾanai matɕiꜜ]).  Shinjuku Golden Gai, famous for its plethora of small bars, is part of Kabukichō.

The district's name comes from late-1940s plans to build a kabuki theater, and although the theater was never built, the name stuck.

The area has many movie theaters, and is located near Shinjuku Station, Seibu Shinjuku Station, and several other major railway and subway stations.
Christmas in Scotland
Prior to the Reformation of 1560, Christmas in Scotland, then called "Yule" (alternative spellings include Yhoill, Yuil, Ȝule and Ȝoull; see Yogh) or in Gaelic-speaking areas "Nollaig", was celebrated in a similar fashion to the rest of Catholic Europe. Calderwood recorded that in 1545, a few months before his murder, Cardinal Beaton had "passed over the Christmasse dayes with games and feasting". However, the Reformation transformed attitudes to traditional Christian feasting days, including Christmas, and led in practice to the abolition of festival days and other church holidays, the Kirk and the state being closely linked in Scotland during the Late Middle Ages and the Early Modern period. A 1640 act of the Parliament of Scotland abolished the "Yule vacation and all observation thereof in time coming".

Catholic Church in Europe
The Catholic Church in Europe is part of the worldwide Catholic Church in full communion with the Holy See in Rome, including represented Eastern Catholic missions. Demographically, Catholics are the largest religious group in Europe.
South Park and Philosophy: You Know, I Learned Something Today
South Park and Philosophy: You Know, I Learned Something Today is the first non-fiction book in Blackwell Publishing Company's Philosophy & Pop Culture series and is edited by philosopher and ontologist, Robert Arp, at the time assistant professor of philosophy at Southwest Minnesota State University.  The series itself is edited by William Irwin, who is a professor of philosophy at King's College, Pennsylvania in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania.  The book utilizes the five classic branches of Western philosophy, namely, metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, political philosophy, and logic, in order to analyze episodes of South Park as well as place the show in a context of current popular culture.

The book was published December 1, 2006. The following year, South Park and Philosophy: Bigger, Longer, and More Penetrating—volume 26 of Open Court Publishing Company's Popular Culture and Philosophy series—was published, with editing by philosopher Richard Hanley.

King's College (Pennsylvania)
King's College is a private Catholic university in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. It is run by the Congregation of Holy Cross and is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education. It is located within the Diocese of Scranton.
Robert vom Scheidt
Robert vom Scheidt (16 April 1881, Elberfeld – 10 April 1964, Frankfurt) was a German operatic baritone. He created roles in several world premieres at the Oper Frankfurt, including Wolf in Franz Schreker's Das Spielwerk und die Prinzessin (1913), Vitellozzo Tamare/Andrea in Schreker's Die Gezeichneten (1918), Baliv in Schreker's Der Schatzgräber (1920), and Rabbi Leone in Eugène d'Albert's Der Golem (1926).

His elder sister was Selma vom Scheidt (1874–1959), a soprano at the court of the Grand Duke in Weimar. His elder brother, Julius vom Scheidt (1877–1949), was also an opera singer.

Vom Scheidt left records for G&T (Bayreuth 1904), Gramophone (Berlin 1909), Homokord (Berlin 1909), Anker (Berlin 1909), Odeon (Berlin 1909), Polyphon (Leipzig 1910) and Pathé (Berlin 1911-12).

Der Golem (opera)
Der Golem is an opera in three acts by composer Eugen d'Albert. The work uses a German language libretto by Ferdinand Lion after Arthur Holitscher's 1908 play Der Golem: Ghettolengende in drei Aufzügen. The opera premiered on 14 November 1926 at the Oper Frankfurt, conducted by Clemens Krauss.
Never Forget (Sampa the Great song)
Never Forget is a song by Zambian singer and rapper Sampa the Great featuring fellow Zambian rapper Chef 187 and fellow Zambian singers Tio Nason & Mwanjé. It was released on June 29, 2022, as the third single from the former's second studio album As Above, So Below.

As Above, So Below (Sampa the Great album)
As Above, So Below is the second studio album by Zambian singer-songwriter and rapper Sampa the Great, released on 9 September 2022 through Loma Vista Recordings. The album was recorded in Zambia after Sampa the Great relocated there from Australia during the COVID-19 pandemic, and was announced in June 2022 alongside the release of the second single. As Above, So Below peaked at number 12 on the ARIA Charts.

In a statement accompanying the album's release, Sampa the Great said "After years of feeling like I had to represent and be an ambassador for everyone, I finally feel like I get to be an ambassador and fully represent myself."

The album was nominated for Australian Album of the Year at the 2022 J Awards.

The album was nominated for the 2022 Australian Music Prize.

A deluxe version was released in May 2023, featuring 7 live tracks.
Pethia muvattupuzhaensis
Pethia muvattupuzhaensis is a species of cyprinid fish found in Muvattupuzha and Periyar Rivers, Kerala, India.  It is sometimes considered conspecific with Pethia punctata. Day, 1865  This species can be found over sand or gravel substrates. This species reaches a length of 4.5 centimetres (1.8 in) SL.

Cyprinidae
Cyprinidae is a family of cyprinoid freshwater fishes commonly referred to as the carp family, which includes the carps, barbs, and barbels, among others. These cyprinids also share sister taxa with the danionins and minnows under the suborder Cyprinoidei. Cyprinidae is the largest and most diverse fish family, and the largest family of vertebrates overall, with roughly 1,780 species split into 166 valid genera.

Cyprinids range from the 12 mm (0.5 in)-long glassfishes, to the 3 m (9.8 ft) giant barb (Catlocarpio siamensis). The family name is derived from the Greek word kyprînos (κυπρῖνος 'carp').
Red-bellied squirrel
The red-bellied squirrel or Sulawesi giant squirrel (Rubrisciurus rubriventer) is a species of squirrel. Until recently, it was described as a species in the genus Callosciurus, but since the 1990s it is generally placed in its own genus Rubrisciurus. It is endemic on the Indonesian island of Sulawesi, where it is widespread. It has also been found on Sangir Island to the north of Sulawesi. With a length of 25 cm (head and body), it is rather large for a squirrel. It lives in the tree tops of the rainforests of the island.

Sangir Island
Sangir Besar, commonly called Sangir Island (with the spelling variants "Sangihe", "Sanghir" or "Sangi"), is an island in the Sangir Islands group. Its Indonesian name literally means "Great Sangir", in reference to the fact that it is the archipelago's main island. It is part of the North Sulawesi province. The main language is the Sangir language.

It was the scene of the violent eruption of Gunung Awu volcano on 2 March 1856. The existing mountain was reshaped by the eruption, and flooding was extensive. The death toll was estimated to exceed two thousand, possibly as high as 6,000. Other major eruptions occurred in 1966 and 2004.

The critically endangered cerulean flycatcher and Sangihe whistler are endemic to Sangir Island as is the endangered Elegant Sunbird .
Li Fengping
Li Fengping (1912–2008) was a politician of the People's Republic of China. He was born in Tongliang District, Chongqing, which was then part of Sichuan Province. He attended the Central Party School of the Chinese Communist Party in Yan'an, Shaanxi Province. During the Second Sino-Japanese War, he served in the New Fourth Army. He was governor of Zhejiang from 1979 to 1983 and later Chairman of the Zhejiang People's Congress. He was a delegate to the 5th National People's Congress.

Yan'an
Yan'an is a prefecture-level city in the Shaanbei region of Shaanxi province, China, bordering Shanxi to the east and Gansu to the west. It administers several counties, including Zhidan (formerly Bao'an), which served as the headquarters of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) before the city of Yan'an proper took that role.

Yan'an was near the endpoint of the Long March, and became the center of the Chinese Communist Revolution from late 1935 to early 1947. Chinese communists celebrate Yan'an as the birthplace of the revolution.

As of 2019, Yan'an has approximately 2,255,700 permanent residents.: 4–5
Quassiremus polyclitellum
Quassiremus polyclitellum is an eel in the family Ophichthidae (worm/snake eels). It was described by Peter Henry John Castle in 1996. It is a marine, temperate water-dwelling eel which is known from New Zealand, in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It dwells at a depth range 35 to 58 metres (115 to 190 ft), and inhabits rocky surfaces. Males can reach a maximum standard length of 79.5 centimetres (31.3 in).

Ophichthidae
Ophichthidae is a family of fish in the order Anguilliformes, commonly known as the snake eels. The term "Ophichthidae" comes from Greek ophis ("serpent") and ichthys ("fish"). Snake eels are also burrowing eels.  They are named for their physical appearance, as they have long, cylindrical, snake-like bodies. This family is found worldwide in tropical to warm temperate waters. They inhabit a wide range of habitats, from coastal shallows and even rivers, to depths below 800 m (2,600 ft). Most species are bottom dwellers, hiding in mud or sand to capture their prey of crustaceans and small fish, but some are pelagic.

These species range in total length from 5 cm (2.0 in) to 2.3 m (7.5 ft) or more. Many species lack fins altogether, improving their ability to burrow into the substrate like worms. They are often spotted or striped in colour, mimicking the appearance of venomous sea snakes to deter predators. Often, they are washed ashore by large storms.
Sugimoto Art Museum
The Sugimoto Art Museum (杉本美術館) features the work of the Japanese painter Kenkichi Sugimoto (1905-2004) and is located in Mihama, Chita District, Aichi Prefecture, Japan. The museum is operated by the Meitetsu railway company.

The Sugimoto Museum of Art closed on October 31, 2021.

Chita District
Chita (知多郡, Chita-gun) is a district located in southwestern Aichi Prefecture, Japan, on Chita Peninsula.

As of October 1, 2019, the district had an estimated population of 160,542 with a density of 968 persons per km2. Its total area was 165.84 km2.
Panguidae
Panguidae is an extinct family of aculeate wasps. It has two unambiguous members, Protopangu known from the Early Cretaceous (early Barremian) amber from the Wessex Formation of southern England and Pangu from the mid-Cretaceous (latest Albian-earliest Cenomanian) Burmese amber of Myanmar. The genus Prosphex, originally considered incertae sedis, was suggested to be a member of the family in a later publication. Their relationships with other aculates are uncertain, and they are considered to be the only members of the superfamily Panguoidea. A specimen of Prosphex was observed with a substantial amount of angiosperm pollen near and within its mouth, implying that it was pollenivorous, and acted as a pollinator for flowering plants. However, other later publications have placed Prosphex outside of Panguidae.

Barremian
The Barremian is an age in the geologic timescale (or a chronostratigraphic stage) between 125.77 Ma (million years ago) and 121.4 ± 0.6 Ma (Historically, this stage was placed at 129.4 million to approximately 125 million years ago). It is a subdivision of the Early Cretaceous Epoch (or Lower Cretaceous Series). It is preceded by the Hauterivian and followed by the Aptian Stage.
Integral Ad Science
Integral Ad Science (IAS) is an American publicly traded technology company that analyzes the value of digital advertising placements. Based in New York City, it has locations in Chicago, San Francisco, Berlin, London, Paris, Melbourne, Singapore, Sydney, Tokyo and Pune.

It is known for addressing issues around fraud, viewability and brand risk, as well as TRAQ, a proprietary media quality score. In addition to evaluating the quality of online ad placements between media buyers and sellers, it creates products for agencies and marketers, programmatic players and media sellers.

IAS is a member of the Interactive Advertising Bureau and works with the "Brand Integrity Program Against Piracy" initiative by the Trustworthy Accountability Group.

Interactive Advertising Bureau
The Interactive Advertising Bureau (IAB) is an American advertising business organization that develops industry standards, conducts research, and provides legal support for the online advertising industry. The organization represents many of the most prominent media outlets globally, but mostly in the United States, Canada and Europe.
C. M. T. Cold
Christian Magdalus Thestrup Cold (10 June 1863 – 7 December 1934) was a Danish politician and naval officer who served as the Governor of the Danish West Indies from 1905 to 1908. He later served as chief executive officer of Det Forenede Dampskibs-Selskab from 1908 to 1921 and as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1922 to 1924.

DFDS
DFDS is a Danish international shipping and logistics company. The company's name is an abbreviation of Det Forenede Dampskibs-Selskab (literally The United Steamship Company). DFDS was founded in 1866, when  C.F. Tietgen merged the three biggest Danish steamship companies of that day.

Although DFDS has generally concentrated on freight and passenger traffic on the North Sea and to the Baltic Sea, it has also operated freight services to the US, South America, and the Mediterranean in the past. Since the 1980s, DFDS's focus for shipping has been on northern Europe. Today, DFDS operates a network of 25 routes with 50 freight and passenger ships in the North Sea, Baltic Sea, and the English Channel under the name DFDS Seaways. The rail and land-based haulage and container activities are operated by DFDS Logistics. Overall, DFDS employed around 14,000 people as of 2024.