hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Irana Esperantisto
Irana Esperantisto (Iranian Esperantist) is an independent quarterly culture magazine, which is published in Esperanto and in Persian in Tehran and distributed internationally. A first series was published from 2002 to 2008, and a second series is continuously edited from spring 2012 onwards. Its Persian title is Payame Sabz-andishan (literally: Message of the Green-Thinkers or the Green-Adepts). About half of the content of each edition is in Esperanto and the other half in Persian. From autumn 2020 onwards it features also articles in Arabic and Kurdish.

This magazine is an important forum for liberal and progressive thinking. In 2003, long articles about Shirin Ebadi, Alfred Nobel and Berta von Suttner were published in this magazine. Newsweek published some articles which were first published in Irana Esperantisto.

Bertha von Suttner
Baroness Bertha Sophie Felicitas von Suttner (Austrian German: [ˈbɛrtaː fɔn ˈzʊtnɐ]; née Countess Kinsky von Wchinitz und Tettau; 9 June 1843 – 21 June 1914) was a Bohemian noblewoman, pacifist and novelist. In 1905, she became the second female Nobel laureate (after Marie Curie in 1903), the first woman to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, and the first Austrian and Czech laureate.
Triad method
The TRIAD method is the earliest published algorithm for determining spacecraft attitude, which was first introduced by Harold Black in 1964. Given the knowledge of two vectors in the reference and body coordinates of a satellite, the TRIAD algorithm obtains the direction cosine matrix relating to both frames. Harold Black played a key role in the development of the guidance, navigation, and control of the U.S. Navy's Transit satellite system at Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratories. TRIAD represented the state of practice in spacecraft attitude determination before the advent of Wahba's problem and its several optimal solutions.  Covariance analysis for Black's solution was subsequently provided by Markley.

Direction cosine
In analytic geometry, the direction cosines (or directional cosines) of a vector are the cosines of the angles between the vector and the three positive coordinate axes. Equivalently, they are the contributions of each component of the basis to a unit vector in that direction.
City on Fire (TV series)
City on Fire is an American crime drama television series created by Josh Schwartz and Stephanie Savage, based on the novel of the same name by Garth Risk Hallberg. It aired on Apple TV+ from May 12 to June 16, 2023. In August 2023, the series was canceled after one season.

Wyatt Oleff
Wyatt Jess Oleff (born July 13, 2003) is an American actor, known for portraying the role of Stanley Uris in It and its 2019 sequel, as well as the role of Stanley Barber in I Am Not Okay with This (2020), and a young Peter Quill in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) superhero films Guardians of the Galaxy (2014) and Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 (2017) by Marvel Studios.
Studs Terkel Radio Archive
The Studs Terkel Radio Archive is an archive of over 1,000 digitized audio tapes originally aired over 45 years on Studs Terkel's radio show on WFMT-FM or used in his oral history collections in the books Division Street America (1967) and Working (1974).  Terkel donated a total of 5,600 tapes to the Chicago History Museum, which contracted the WFMT Radio network (formerly part of WFMT-FM), to publish the recordings online.  The bulk of the tapes are digitized, and the archive distributes as many as possible online. The American public radio network NPR featured many of the tapes from the book "Working" during the week of September 25 – October 2, 2016.  The Chicago History Museum is also working with the Library of Congress to make the tapes available to visitors to their buildings in Washington, DC.

Studs Terkel
Louis "Studs" Terkel (May 16, 1912 – October 31, 2008) was an American writer, historian, actor, and broadcaster. He received the Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction in 1985 for The Good War and is best remembered for his oral histories of common Americans, and for hosting a long-running radio show in Chicago.
Kaavaalaa
"Kaavaalaa" (transl. Do you want?) is an Indian Tamil-language song composed by Anirudh Ravichander, written by Arunraja Kamaraj and performed by Shilpa Rao, for the soundtrack album of the 2023 film Jailer, starring Rajinikanth and written and directed by Nelson Dilipkumar for Sun Pictures. It was released on 6 July 2023 as the lead single from the album through the production house.

Nelson Dilipkumar
Nelson Dilipkumar (/nɛlsən ðɪliːpkumɑːr/ born 21 June 1984) is an Indian director and screenwriter who predominantly works in Tamil cinema. Known for directing crime and action films which incorporate dark humor, he is one of the highest-paid directors in India.

Nelson started his career in 2010 with the feature film Vettai Mannan. However, it was shelved due to various reasons. He later directed Kolamaavu Kokila (2018), making his debut in the industry. He directed Doctor (2021), which emerged a commercial success during the COVID-19 pandemic. This was followed by Beast (2022), which emerged as one of the highest-grossing Tamil film of 2022. He then worked on Jailer (2023), which became his most successful film; it became one of the highest-grossing Indian film, earning over ₹600 crore (US$71 million) worldwide.
Elizabeth Villa
Elizabeth Villa is an American biophysicist who is Associate Professor at the University of California, San Diego. Her research considers the development of Cryo Electron Tomography and structural biology. She was named a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Research Investigator in 2021.

Cryogenic electron microscopy
Cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is a transmission electron microscopy technique applied to samples cooled to cryogenic temperatures. Developed in the 1970s, advances in detector technology and software allow biomolecular structures to be imaged at near-atomic resolution. The approach has become a popular alternative to X-ray crystallography or NMR spectroscopy in structural biology.

When scanning biological specimens, sample structure is preserved by embedding in vitreous ice. An aqueous sample solution is applied to a grid-mesh and plunge-frozen in liquid ethane or a mixture of liquid ethane and propane.

The 2017 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank, and Richard Henderson "for developing cryo-electron microscopy for the high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules in solution." Nature Methods also named cryo-EM as the "Method of the Year" in 2015.
Güvem Formation
The Güvem Formation is a geologic formation in Turkey. It contains plant fossils dating back to the Early Miocene, and is especially notable for preserving evidence of insect damage to plants. The formation is roughly 1,100 metres (3,600 ft) thick and is made up of pyroclasts, rhyolite, andesite and various dacites. Pollen grains from this formation have been researched and indicate the presence of mixed-mesophytic forest in the range 17.9 to 17.8 million years ago.

Tephra
Tephra is fragmental material produced by a volcanic eruption regardless of composition, fragment size, or emplacement mechanism.

Volcanologists also refer to airborne fragments as pyroclasts. Once clasts have fallen to the ground, they remain as tephra unless hot enough to fuse into pyroclastic rock or tuff. When a volcano explodes, it releases a variety of tephra including ash, cinders, and blocks. These layers settle on the land and, over time, sedimentation occurs incorporating these tephra layers into the geologic record.

Tephrochronology is a geochronological technique that uses discrete layers of tephra—volcanic ash from a single eruption—to create a chronological framework in which paleoenvironmental or archaeological records can be placed. Often, when a volcano explodes, biological organisms are killed and their remains are buried within the tephra layer. These fossils are later dated by scientists to determine the age of the fossil and its place within the geologic record.
Domenico De Simone
Domenico De Simone (31 May 1926 – 11 June 2019) was an Italian politician. A member of the Communist Party (PCI), he served as a Senator during Legislature VII (1976–1979) prior to being elected to the Chamber of Deputies during Legislature VIII (1979–1983). De Simone was born in Torremaggiore and served as the town's mayor between 1960 and 1976.

De Simone died on 11 June 2019 in Torremaggiore, at the age of 93.

Torremaggiore
Torremaggiore is a town, comune (municipality) and former seat of a bishopric, in the province of Foggia in the Apulia (in Italian: Puglia), region of southeast Italy.

It lies on a hill, 169 metres (554 ft) over the sea, and is famous for production of wine and olives.
Iowa's 2nd congressional district
Iowa's 2nd congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Iowa that covers most of its northeastern part. It includes Cedar Rapids, Dubuque, Waverly, Waterloo, and Grinnell.

The district is represented by Republican Ashley Hinson, who is retiring from the House as of the end of her term to run for US Senate.

Waterloo, Iowa
Waterloo is a city in and the county seat of Black Hawk County, Iowa, United States. It is the eighth-most populous city in Iowa, with a population of 67,314 at the 2020 census. Waterloo comprises a twin conurbation with neighboring municipality Cedar Falls, and is the larger of the two cities. The Waterloo – Cedar Falls metropolitan area has an estimated 170,000 residents.

Waterloo is a major manufacturing, commercial, and cultural center in Northeast Iowa. John Deere, a brand renowned for its tractors, engines, and other agricultural machinery, has been manufacturing its products in the city for over a century. Locally known as the “Factory City,” Waterloo has played a significant role in the production of these important agricultural tools. Waterloo is bisected by the Cedar River flowing southeastward.
Sunwar language
Sunuwar, or Koinch (कोइँच; kõich; other spellings are Koinch and Koincha), is a Kiranti language of the Sino-Tibetan language family spoken in Nepal and India by the Sunuwar people. It was first comprehensively attested by the Himalayan Languages Project. It is also known as Kõits Lo (कोइँच लो ; kõica lo), Kiranti-Kõits (किराँती-कोइँच ; kirā̃tī-kõich), and Mukhiya (मुखिया ; mukhiyā).

The Sunuwar language is one of the smaller members of the Tibeto-Burman language family. About 40,000 speakers are residing in eastern Nepal.

Adjective
An adjective (abbreviated ADJ) is a word that describes or defines a noun or noun phrase. Its semantic role is to change information given by the noun.
The adjective is considered one of the main parts of speech of the English language, although historically they were classed together with nouns. Nowadays, certain words that usually had been classified as adjectives, including the, this, my, etc., typically are classed separately, as determiners.

Examples:

That used to be an immensely funny idea. (Prepositive attributive)

That idea is funny. (Predicative)

Tell me something funny. (Postpositive attributive)

The good, the bad, and the funny. (Substantive)

Clara Oswald, completely funny, died three times. (Appositive)
Izatha rigescens
Izatha rigescens is a species of moth in the family Oecophoridae. It is endemic to New Zealand. This species is classified as having the conservation status of "Data Deficient" by the Department of Conservation. It is only known from the Wellington coast. This species has not been seen since 1929.

Department of Conservation (New Zealand)
The Department of Conservation (DOC; Māori: Te Papa Atawhai) is the public service department of New Zealand charged with the conservation of New Zealand's natural and historical heritage.

An advisory body, the New Zealand Conservation Authority (NZCA) is provided to advise DOC and its ministers.  In addition there are 15 conservation boards for different areas around the country that provide for interaction between DOC and the public.
Nordsvorka Hydroelectric Power Station
The Nordsvorka Hydroelectric Power Station (Norwegian: Nordsvorka kraftverk) is a hydroelectric power station in Surnadal Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It is located about 9 kilometers (5.6 mi) northeast of the village of Sylte. It utilizes a drop of 39 meters (128 ft) on the Nordsvorka River. The river flows from the lake Geitøyvatnet (approximately 336 meters or 1,102 feet) to the lake Langvatnet (approximately 276 meters or 906 feet). It has a Francis turbine and operates at an installed capacity of 2.3 megawatts (3,100 hp), and has an average annual production of about 12.5 gigawatt-hours (45 TJ). The plant came into operation in 2007 and is owned 50% each by Svorka Energi and Statkraft.

Joule
The joule (/dʒuːl/ JOOL, or /dʒaʊl/ JOWL; symbol: J) is the unit of energy in the International System of Units (SI). In terms of SI base units, one joule corresponds to one kilogram-metre squared per second squared (1 J = 1 kg⋅m2⋅s−2). One joule is equal to the amount of work done when a force of one newton displaces a body through a distance of one metre in the direction of that force. It is also the energy dissipated as heat when an electric current of one ampere passes through a resistance of one ohm for one second. It is named after the English physicist James Prescott Joule (1818–1889).
Kinilaw
Kinilaw (pronounced [kɪnɪˈlaʊ] or [kɪˈnɪlaʊ], is a Visayan/Cebuano term that means "to eat raw". It is a raw seafood dish and preparation method native to the Philippines. It is more accurately a cooking process that relies on vinegar and acidic fruit juices (usually citrus) to denature the ingredients, rather than a dish, as it can also be used to prepare meat and vegetables. Kinilaw dishes are usually eaten as appetizers before a meal, or as finger food (pulutan) with alcoholic drinks. Kinilaw is also sometimes called kilawin, especially in the northern Philippines, but the term kilawin more commonly applies to a similar lightly grilled meat dish.

Spondias purpurea
Spondias purpurea is a species of flowering plant in the cashew family, Anacardiaceae, that is native to tropical regions of the Americas, from Mexico to northern Colombia and the southwest Caribbean Islands. It has also been introduced to and naturalized to other parts of the American tropics, Southeast Asia, and West Africa. It is commonly known as jocote, which derives from the Nahuatl word xocotl, meaning any kind of sour or acidic fruit. Other common names include red mombin, Spanish plum, purple mombin, Jamaica plum, and hog plum.
Cristóbal Aburto
Cristobal Alejandro Aburto Tinoco (born October 2, 1975 in Morelia, Michoacán) is a Mexican judoka, who competed in the men's extra-lightweight category. He finished fifth in the 60-kg division at the 2003 Pan American Games in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, and also represented his nation Mexico at the 2004 Summer Olympics.

Aburto qualified for the three-person Mexican judo squad in the men's extra-lightweight class (60 kg) at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, by placing fifth and receiving a berth from the Pan American Championships in Margarita Island, Venezuela. He scored a double koka in his opening match to thwart Costa Rica's David Fernández with a seoi nage (shoulder throw) assault, before succumbed to an ippon and a tani otoshi (valley drop) throw from Argentina's Miguel Albarracín in the round of 16.

Seoi nage
Seoi nage (背負投 or 背負い投げ; "over the back throw" or "shoulder throw") is a throw in judo. It is one of the traditional forty throws of judo as developed by Jigoro Kano. It belongs to the first group, Dai Ikkyo, of the traditional throwing list, Gokyo (no waza), of Kodokan Judo. It is also part of the current official throws of Kodokan Judo. It is classified as a hand technique, te-waza, and is the second throw performed in the Nage-no-kata.
Upendranath Ashk
Upendranath Sharma "Ashk", (14 December 1910 – 19 January 1996) was an Indian novelist, short story writer and playwright. He was born in Jalandhar, Punjab. In 1933 he wrote his second short story collection in Urdu called Aurat Ki Fitrat, the foreword of which was written by Munshi Premchand. Ashk began his literary career writing in Urdu but he switched to Hindi on the advice of Munshi Premchand. He joined All India Radio in 1941 where Krishan Chander, Patras Bokhari and Saadat Hasan Manto were among his colleagues. He settled in Allahabad in the late 1940s. He was the first Hindi dramatist to receive the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award for playwriting in 1965.

Jalandhar
Jalandhar (IPA: /d͡ʒəːləndə̀ɾᵊ/) is a city in the state of Punjab in India. With a considerable population, it ranks as the third most-populous city in the state and is the largest city in the Doaba region. Jalandhar lies alongside the historical Grand Trunk Road and is a well-connected junction for both rail and road networks. The National Highway 1 (NH1), crosses Jalandhar, further enhancing its connectivity.
Blue Moon World Tour
2013 CNBLUE Blue Moon World Tour was the 2013 live concert tour of South Korean rock band CNBLUE in support of their fifth EP, Re:Blue, which was released on 14 January 2013. The world tour commenced, at the conclusion of promotional activities in South Korea, with one show in Taiwan in April 2013 and scheduled concerts for Singapore, Thailand, Hong Kong, South Korea, Australia, Philippines and Malaysia, thru August 2013. Subsequent concert dates added China and Indonesia; and extended the tour into January 2014, for concerts in the United States, Mexico, Peru, and the final concert in Chile, for a total of 20 concerts in 14 countries and 18 cities.

FNC Entertainment
FNC Entertainment (Korean: FNC 엔터테인먼트; stands for "fish and cake") is a South Korean entertainment company established in 2006 by South Korean singer and record producer Han Seong-ho. The company operates as a record label, talent agency, music production company, event management and concert production company, and music publishing house. Since January 2012, the company has been based in its offices in Cheongdam-dong.

The name is based on the miracle of feeding the multitude using only five loaves and the two fish. This is because Han Seong-ho is a devout Christian and he uses the name to hope for more miracles to happen for the company.

The label is home to musical artists such as rock bands F.T. Island, CNBLUE, and N.Flying, and K-pop groups SF9, P1Harmony, and Ampers&One. It also manages a number of entertainers, including Lee Guk-joo and Moon Se-yoon, and a number of actors, including Jung Hae-in, Lee Dong-gun, Sung Hyuk, and Rowoon.
Maximiliano Dávila
Maximiliano Dávila (b. October 20, 1964) also known as "Macho" is a former anti-drugs chief in Bolivia under Evo Morales.
He was extradited to the United States  to face drug trafficking charges. His extradition was finalized on 12 December 2024.
Colonel  Dávila was formerly national director of the Special Force to Fight Drug Trafficking (FELCN). He was arrested in Villazón on 22 January 2022 for links to drug trafficking and legitimization of illicit profits.

Villazón
Villazón is a town in southern Bolivia, on the border with Argentina. It sits directly across La Quiaca River from La Quiaca in Argentina. The town is a busy trading hub, with large quantities of goods flowing north.

It is also a heavily used transit hub for tourists passing into Bolivia. A train line connects Villazón with Tupiza, Uyuni and Oruro. Two train services, the Expreso del Sur and slightly cheaper Wara Wara del Sur, each run twice a week. Buses also connect to many destinations.
Francisco de Borbón y de la Torre
Francisco de Borbón y de la Torre (Spanish: Francisco de Paula de Borbón y La Torre; 16 January 1882 – 6 December 1952) was a Spanish aristocrat, military officer (Captaincy General) and member of parliament in Spain. He was a cousin of King Alfonso XIII of Spain and was styled as Duke of Seville (jure uxoris) by virtue of his marriage in 1907 to the 4th Duchess of Seville. In 1935, he was authorised by King Alfonso XIII to accept the appointment as Grand Master of the Order of Saint Lazarus.

Grand master (order)
Grand Master (Latin: Magister Magnus; German: Großmeister or German: Hochmeister (literally 'High Master'); French: Grand Maître; Spanish: Gran Maestre; Portuguese: Grão-Mestre; Swedish: Stormästare) is a title of the supreme head of various orders, including chivalric orders such as military orders and dynastic orders of knighthood.

The title also occurs in modern civil fraternal orders such as the Freemasons, the Odd Fellows, and various other fraternities. Additionally, numerous modern self-styled orders attempt to imitate habits of the former bodies.
Albert J. Libchaber
Albert Joseph Libchaber (born 23 October 1934, Paris) is a Detlev W. Bronk Professor at The Rockefeller University. He won the Wolf Prize in Physics in 1986. In 1999 he received the Prix des Trois Physiciens from the Fondation de France.

Fondation de France
The Fondation de France ("Foundation of France") is an independent private organisation, recognised as being in the public interest, and created at the instigation of Charles de Gaulle and André Malraux in an effort to stimulate and foster the growth of philanthropy in France. In the modern day, the organisation brings together donors, founders, and volunteers from across France to provide effective support to a number of charitable causes with the aim to support sustainable solutions for the advancement of society.
Pseudogroup
In mathematics, a pseudogroup is a set of homeomorphisms between open sets of a space, satisfying group-like and sheaf-like properties. It is a generalisation of the concept of a transformation group, originating however from the geometric approach of Sophus Lie to investigate symmetries of differential equations, rather than out of abstract algebra (such as quasigroup, for example). The modern theory of pseudogroups was developed by Élie Cartan in the early 1900s.

Diffeomorphism
In mathematics, a diffeomorphism is an isomorphism of differentiable manifolds. It is an invertible function that maps one differentiable manifold to another such that both the function and its inverse are continuously differentiable.
Steam infusion
Steam Infusion is a direct-contact heating process in which steam condenses on the surface of a pumpable food product. Its primary use is for the gentle and rapid heating of a variety of food ingredients and products including milk, cream, soymilk, ketchup, soups and sauces.

Unlike steam injection and traditional vesselled steam heating; the steam infusion process surrounds the liquid food product with steam as opposed to passing steam through the liquid.

Steam Infusion allows food product to be cooked, mixed and pumped within a single unit, often removing the need for multiple stages of processing.

Injector
An injector is a system of ducting and nozzles used to direct the flow of a high-pressure fluid in such a way that a lower pressure fluid is entrained in the jet and carried through a duct to a region of higher pressure. It is a fluid-dynamic pump with no moving parts except a valve to control inlet flow.

Depending on the application, an injector can also take the form of an eductor-jet pump, a water eductor or an aspirator. An ejector operates on similar principles to create a vacuum feed connection for braking systems etc.

The motive fluid may be a liquid, steam or any other gas. The entrained suction fluid may be a gas, a liquid, a slurry, or a dust-laden gas stream.