hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bombay Jews
Jews started settling in Bombay in the 2nd century. The Jewish community of Bombay consisted of three distant groups, the Bene Israeli Jews, the Baghdadi Jews, and the Cochin Jews.

The Bene Israeli Jewish community of Bombay, who migrated from the Konkan villages, south of Bombay, are believed to be the descendants of the Jews of Israel who were shipwrecked off the Konkan coast, probably in the year 175 BCE, during the reign of the Greek ruler, Antiochus IV Epiphanes. Following the pogroms of Daud Pasha of Baghdad, many Baghdadi Jews fled Iraq, and settled in Bombay.

Konkan
The Konkan is a stretch of land by the western coast of India, bound by the river Daman Ganga at Damaon in the north, to Anjediva Island next to Karwar town in the south; with the Arabian Sea to the west and the Deccan Plateau to the east. The hinterland east of the coast has numerous river valleys, riverine islands and the hilly slopes known as the Western Ghats; that lead up into the tablelands of the Deccan. The Konkan region has been recognised by name, since at least the time of Strabo, in the third century CE. It had a thriving mercantile port with Arab tradesmen from the 10th century onwards. The best-known islands of Konkan are Ilhas de Goa, the site of the Goa state's capital at Panjim; also, the Seven Islands of Bombay, on which lies Mumbai, the capital of Maharashtra & the headquarters of Konkan Division.
Portner
Portner is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Abby Portner (born 1980), American musician

David Portner (born 1979), American musician, known as Avey Tare

Emil Pørtner (born 2000), Danish motorcycle speedway rider

Emma Portner (born 1994), Canadian dancer and choreographer

Margit Pörtner (1972–2017), Danish curler

Nikola Portner (born 1993), Swiss handball player

Paul Portner (born 1966), American linguist

Peer Portner (1940–2009), heart researcher

Robert Portner (1837–1906), American brewer

Zlatko Portner (1962–2020), Serbian handball player and coach

Abby Portner
Abigail Portner is an American visual artist, designer, music video director and musician in the bands Rings and Hex Message, and solo under the name Drawlings. She currently lives and works out of Savannah, Georgia.
The World of Karl Pilkington
The World of Karl Pilkington is the first book written and illustrated by Karl Pilkington, and contains transcripts from The Ricky Gervais Show podcasts and excerpts from his own diary, as well as drawings and some original material illustrated by Pilkington himself. It was published and released in 2006. As stated on The Ricky Gervais Show, Karl put a lot of work into the book and had been illustrating the drawings featured in the book for a considerable amount of time.

Karl Pilkington
Karl Pilkington (born 23 September 1972) is an English presenter, actor and author. After working with Ricky Gervais and Stephen Merchant as producer on their Xfm radio show, Pilkington became a co-host of The Ricky Gervais Show due to unique and unorthodox opinions and views he often expressed, and Gervais's and Merchant's fascination with them.

He presented the Sky travel comedy series An Idiot Abroad and its followup The Moaning of Life. He made his acting debut in Gervais's comedy-drama series Derek. He also co-created, co-wrote, and starred in the comedy series Sick of It, commissioned and broadcast by Sky One.
Santiago Creole
Santiago Creole is the name given to the Cape Verdean Creole spoken mainly on Santiago Island of  Cape Verde.  It belongs to the Sotavento Creoles branch of Creole.

Santiago Creole is the linguistic entity of the most important island of Cape Verde, and the linguistic entity of the capital of the country, Praia, situated in the same island.

Praia
Praia (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈpɾajɐ], Portuguese for "beach") is the capital and largest city of Cape Verde. Located on the southern coast of Santiago island within the Sotavento Islands group, the city is the seat of the Praia Municipality. Praia is the political, economic and cultural center of Cape Verde.
The Secret of the Old Woods
The Secret of the Old Woods (Italian: Il segreto del bosco vecchio) is a 1993 Italian fantastic drama film written, directed and starred by Ermanno Olmi. It is based on the novel with the same name by Dino Buzzati.

For his performance Paolo Villaggio won the Nastro d'Argento for best actor. The film also won the David di Donatello for best cinematography.

David di Donatello
The David di Donatello Awards, named after Donatello's David, a symbolic statue of the Italian Renaissance, are film awards given out each year by the Accademia del Cinema Italiano (the Academy of Italian Cinema). There are 26 award categories, as of 2023. The industry-voted awards are considered the Italian equivalent of the American Academy Awards.
Child of a Dream
Child of a Dream (original title: Il figlio del sogno) is a historical novel, the first part of Valerio Massimo Manfredi's Alexander trilogy, released in 1998. It narrates the childhood of Alexander the Great, son of King Philip II of Macedon and Queen Olympias, including his tutelage under the Greek philosopher Aristotle. It also focuses on Alexander's friendship with Hephaestion and Ptolemy, and his preparation to become a warrior able to lead the Macedonian Empire.

Philotas
Philotas (Greek: Φιλώτας; 365 BC – October 330 BC) was the eldest son of Parmenion, one of Alexander the Great's most experienced and talented generals. He rose to command the Companion Cavalry, but was accused of conspiring against Alexander and executed.
Paolo Samorì
Paolo Samorì (born in Imola, Italy, 3 May 1971) is an Italian physical chemist and Distinguished Professor (PRCE) at the Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS) of the Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA) & CNRS where he heads the Nanochemistry Laboratory and he has been institute director (2012-2023).

French Academy of Technologies
The National Academy of Technologies of France (Académie des technologies) is a learned society, founded in 2000, with an emphasis on technology, and the newest of French academies. In 2007 it acquired the status of établissement public, which enforces its public role.
Brian Houghton Hodgson
Brian Houghton Hodgson (1 February 1801 – 23 May 1894) was a pioneer naturalist and ethnologist working in India and Nepal where he was a British Resident. He described numerous species of birds and mammals from the Himalayas, and several birds were named after him by others such as Edward Blyth. He was a scholar of Newar Buddhism and wrote extensively on a range of topics relating to linguistics and religion. He was an opponent of the British proposal to introduce English as the official medium of instruction in Indian schools.

Alderley, Gloucestershire
Alderley (also previously known as Alderleigh) is a village and civil parish in the Stroud district of Gloucestershire, England, about fourteen miles southwest of Stroud and two miles south of Wotton-under-Edge. It is situated on the Cotswold Way near to the villages of Hillesley and Tresham and lies underneath Winner Hill between two brooks, the Ozleworth and Kilcott.
Sanctuary Nature Foundation
Sanctuary Nature Foundation is an Indian nonprofit foundation that was founded in 2015 building on the work of Sanctuary Asia, a wildlife magazine that was launched in 1981 by Bittu Sahgal. Its network of conservationists, naturalists, scientists, writers and photographers run various projects in environmental policy, advocacy, science, on-ground support, wildlife habitat management and more. The foundation also holds annual awards to honour grassroots conservationists and wildlife photographers.

Environmental policy
Environmental policy is the pledge by governments or organizations to adopt laws, regulations, and other policy tools aimed at addressing environmental issues. These typically involve air and water pollution, waste management, ecosystem protection, biodiversity conservation, management of natural resources, and safeguarding wildlife and endangered species
For example, concerning environmental policy, the implementation of an eco-energy-oriented policy at a global level to address the issue of climate change could be addressed.

Policies concerning energy or regulation of toxic substances including pesticides and many types of industrial waste are part of the topic of environmental policy. This policy can be deliberately taken to influence human activities and thereby prevent undesirable effects on the biophysical environment and natural resources, as well as to make sure that changes in the environment do not have unacceptable effects on humans.
Nizhny Kuchuk
Nizhny Kuchuk (Russian: Нижний Кучук) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Nizhnekuchuksky Selsoviet of Blagoveshchensky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 464 as of 2016. There are 6 streets.

Blagoveshchensky District, Altai Krai
Blagoveshchensky District (Russian: Благове́щенский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the west of the krai. The area of the district is 3,700 square kilometers (1,400 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Blagoveshchenka. Population:  30,783 (2010 Census); 34,878 (2002 Census); 44,849 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Blagoveshchenka accounts for 37.8% of the district's total population.
Brian Alvey
Brian Alvey (born March 6, 1970, in Falls Church, Virginia) is an American serial entrepreneur, programmer, designer and blogger. He grew up in Brooklyn and now lives in San Francisco where he is the CTO of Automattic's WordPress VIP Platform. He is best known for co-founding the blog publishing company Weblogs, Inc. with Jason Calacanis.

Automattic
Automattic Inc. is an American global distributed company most notable for WordPress.com and its contributions to the WordPress system. The company was founded in 2005.

Automattic's other brands and products include Akismet, Gravatar, BuddyPress, Simplenote, WooCommerce, Atavist, Tumblr, Parse.ly, Day One, Pocket Casts, and Beeper.
Kristi DeVries
Kristi Lynn DeVries (born March 26, 1982) is an American-Dutch softball player who has represented the Netherlands women's national softball team in international competitions.

Born in Fontana, California, DeVries grew up in Corona, California and graduated from Corona High School in 2000. She played college softball at Ohio State University from 2001 to 2004. Beginning in 2005, she played professionally for Sparks Haarlem. She is a pitcher and first baseman who bats and throws right-handed. She competes for the Dutch national team since 2003. In 2003 and 2004 she was the best pitcher of the Ohio State University. She is part of the Dutch team for the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing.

Netherlands women's national softball team
The Netherlands women's national softball team is the national team of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It is governed by the Royal Netherlands Baseball and Softball Federation (Dutch: Koninklijke Nederlandse Baseball en Softball Bond). It is a member nation of the Confederation of European Baseball and the International Baseball Federation.
Level Up! Games
Level Up! Inc., more commonly known by the trademark Level Up! Games, is a Philippine game publishing studio owned by Asiasoft since 2014. According to their website, they currently have operations in the Philippines and Latin America.

Turma do Chico Bento (video game)
Turma do Chico Bento is a farming simulation social network game developed by Insolita Studios in 2012, based on Brazilian Chuck Billy 'n' Folks popular comics characters.

Based in popular farming simulation games like FarmVille, Turma do Chico Bento's first mission is to create a personalized character, who moves to the Zucchini's Village, where players can interact with characters from Chuck Billy 'n' Folks series.
Enerya
Enerya is the largest private natural gas distribution company in Turkey. It was founded by STFA Group in 2003. Since 2014, Swiss Partners Group holds 30% of its shares. Apart from natural gas distribution, the company is also active in gas and power trading businesses, and has ongoing investments in renewable energy generation.

Enerya operates as the natural gas distributor across 11 towns in Turkey: Antalya, Aydın, Konya, Çorum, Niğde, Nevşehir, Denizli, Karaman, Erzincan, Aksaray and Ereğli. The firm has 1 million subscribers as of 2016.

Erzincan
Erzincan (pronounced [æɾˈzindʒan]; Kurdish: Erzîngan), historically Yerznka (Armenian: Երզնկա), is the capital of Erzincan Province in eastern Turkey. Nearby cities include Erzurum, Sivas, Tunceli, Bingöl, Elazığ, Malatya, Gümüşhane, Bayburt, and Giresun. The city is majority Turkish Sunni with significant Kurdish and Alevi minorities.

The city had a population of 150,714 in 2022, an increase from 86,779 in 2007.
Løvenskioldfonna
Løvenskioldfonna is an icecap in Oscar II Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. The glaciated area is about ten kilometers long and six kilometer wide, and is located north of St. Jonsfjorden, reaching an altitude of above 500 m. It is named after land owner Carl Otto Løvenskiold. The glacier of Dahlbreen extends from Løvenskioldfonna to Forlandsundet.

Oscar II Land
Oscar II Land is the land area between Isfjorden and Kongsfjorden on Spitsbergen, Svalbard. The 30 km (19 mi) long glacier Sveabreen divides Oscar II Land from James I Land.

The area is named after Oscar II of Sweden. Older name variants are Oscar II's Land and Terre Oscar II.

The Hofgaardtoppen mountain is the highest peak in Oscar II Land.
Big Mac–Wage Metric
The Big Mac–Wage Metric is a category of many similar economic measures which are semi-humorous ways to compare purchasing power parity and wage parity. The metric compares the relative price of a Big Mac, a hamburger sold at the McDonald's Franchise, in a country or region, and compares it to that region's wages. The specifics may vary—sources may use either minimum, mean, or median wages, before or after income taxation, and may use the price of a Big Mac burger or the price of a Big Mac meal, which includes fries and a drink. It appears that each variation of this metric was developed independently, and thus it is not referred to by a common name.

Median
The median of a set of numbers is the value separating the higher half from the lower half of a data sample, a population, or a probability distribution. For a data set, it may be thought of as the “middle" value. The basic feature of the median in describing data compared to the mean (often simply described as the "average") is that it is not skewed by a small proportion of extreme values, and therefore provides a better representation of the center. Median income, for example, may be a better way to describe the center of the income distribution because increases in the largest incomes alone have no effect on the median. For this reason, the median is of central importance in robust statistics.
Median is a 2-quantile; it is the value that partitions a set into two equal parts.
Ch'oe U
Ch'oe U (Korean: 최우; Hanja: 崔瑀; 1166 – 10 December 1249), also known as Ch'oe I (최이; 崔怡), was a military ruler and official during the later Goryeo period, serving in various positions such as  Assistant Executive in Political Affairs, the minister of personnel and war, and Censorate superintendent. Ch'oe U's posthumous title was Kwangnyŏl (匡烈). His exact birth year is unknown, but he died in 1249 . His ancestral seat was Ubong, now known as Gimcheon in Hwanghae Province. Ch'oe U was the son of Ch'oe Ch'unghŏn. After Ch'oe Ch'unghŏn died in 1219, Ch'oe U ruled the Ch'oe military regime until 1249, becoming the second ruler of the Ch'oe family's military government. His first name was Ch'oe U, but he later changed it to Ch'oe I. During his rule, Goryeo faced many hardships, including the Mongol invasion of Korea, which led to the relocation of the capital from Gaegyeong to Ganghwa Island.

Goryeo military regime
The Goryeo military regime (Korean: 무신 정권; Hanja: 武臣政權) refers to a period in Goryeo history when military generals wielded considerable power, overshadowing royal authority and disrupting Goryeo's system of civilian supremacy and severe discrimination against military personnel. It spanned roughly 100 years from a coup d'état in 1170 to the Sambyeolcho Rebellion of 1270. The military's despotic rule ended with  Goryeo peace treaty with Mongols in 1274.

Goryeosa describes a king, Sinjong, during the military regime that exemplifies the weakened royal authority compared to that of the military ruler:

Sinjong was put upon the throne by Ch'oe Ch'ung-hŏn, and all matters of life and death, decisions to accept or to reject, were in Ch'oe's hands. Sinjong stood above his subjects holding only empty authority. Alas, he was nothing but a puppet.
KICS
KICS (1550 AM) is a radio station broadcasting a sports format. Licensed to Hastings, Nebraska, United States, the station serves the Hastings-Grand Island-Kearney area. The station is owned by Flood Communications Tri-Cities, L.L.C. and features programming from ESPN Radio and Westwood One.

The majority of the programming is simulcast with sister station KXPN in Kearney.

Grand Island, Nebraska
Grand Island is a city in and the county seat of Hall County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 53,131 at the 2020 census, making it the 4th most populous city in Nebraska. Grand Island is the principal city of the Grand Island metropolitan area, which consists of Hall, Merrick, and Howard counties. The Grand Island metropolitan area has an official population of 83,472 residents.

Grand Island has been given the All-America City Award four times (1955, 1967, 1981, and 1982) by the National Civic League.

Grand Island is home to the Nebraska Law Enforcement Training Center, which is the sole agency responsible for training law enforcement officers throughout the state, as well as the home of the Southern Power District serving southern Nebraska. Ammunition manufacturer Hornady is also located there.
Yosef HaCohen Yitzhaki
Rabbi Yosef HaCohen Yitzhaki (Hebrew: יוסף הכהן יצחקי; died January 1787 (Anno Mundi: 23 Tevet 5547)) was one of the great Jewish sages of Tunisia, and was head of the Beit Din as a Chief Rabbi in Tunis in the 18th century.

Beth din
A beth din (Hebrew: בֵּית דִּין, romanized: Bēṯ Dīn, Beit Din, lit. 'house of judgment', [beːθ ˈdiːn], Ashkenazic: beis din, plural: batei din) is a rabbinical court of Judaism. A hearing held before a beth din is called a din Torah (Hebrew: דין תורה, romanized: din Torah, lit. 'Torah law', plural dinei Torah). A beth din can be found both in Israel and in many Jewish diaspora communities.

A ruling (Hebrew: פסק, romanized: psak) from a beth din is based upon Jewish law (Hebrew: הלכה, romanized: halakha), though other legal systems are occasionally incorporated. Because it is not part of secular legal systems, when a case overlaps with secular courts its judgment is not always recognized by such courts.
Vanessa Czarnecki
Vanessa Czarnecki (born 21 December 1979) is a Greek softball player. She competed in the women's tournament at the 2004 Summer Olympics. A native of California, Czarnecki is of Greek descent and played collegiate softball with the Fresno State Bulldogs.

Softball at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Softball was a women's sporting event at the 2004 Summer Olympics. Games were played at the softball stadium in the Helliniko Olympic Complex from August 14 to 23. The United States won the gold while Australia took silver and Japan received bronze.

Softball was one of the three sports at the 2004 Athens Olympics that was for women only along with Synchronized Swimming and Rhythmic Gymnastics. Eight teams competed for the gold medal in only the third appearance of softball at the Summer Olympics. The softball competition featured 120 athletes.

Japanese pitcher Yukiko Ueno threw a perfect game—the first at an Olympics’ softball competition—in a preliminary round match against China. The United States dominated the overall competition, winning all seven of its preliminary matches and defeating Australia twice in the medal round.
Božo Švarc
Božo Švarc (Schwarz) (6 September 1920 – 4 May 2007) was a Yugoslav - Jewish athlete, political activist, and WW2 veteran.

Švarc is one of a very few survivors of notorious Jadovno concentration camp and one of the founding fathers of Partizan Belgrade.

JSD Partizan
Jugoslovensko sportsko društvo Partizan (Serbian Cyrillic: Југословенско спортско друштво Партизан, lit. 'Yugoslav Sports Society Partizan'), commonly abbreviated as JSD Partizan (Serbian Cyrillic: ЈСД Партизан), is a multi-sport club from Belgrade, Serbia. Founded on 4 October 1945, it is an umbrella organization featuring 32 clubs in 26 different sports. JSD Partizan's clubs have won 854 trophies, including 19 European trophies, 27 Regional trophies, 563 National Leagues, 224 National Cups, 13 National Super Cups and 8 Winter championships. JSD Partizan's athletes have won 76 Olympic medals, including 26 gold, 33 silver and 17 bronze medals.
Hariharapura
Hariharapura is a village located in the Koppa Taluk, Chikmagalur district in the state of Karnataka, India. The place has a matha (Hindu temple) of goddess Sharadamba on the banks of the River Tunga. The place is serene amidst forest, Arecanut farms and rice fields and surrounded by small hills. It is believed that Daksha performed "yagna" here.

It was also a taluk headquarter of Koppa taluk. The National Highway 169 (India) and State Highway 65 (Karnataka) pass through Hariharapura, connecting it to the cities Shimoga, Mangalore and Udupi.

National Highway 169 (India)
National Highway 169 (NH 169) is a National Highway in India. The national highway number 169 was previously part of old National highway 13 connecting Mangaluru ( Mangalore ) in the state of Karnataka with Solapur in the state of Maharashtra. After rationalisation of highway numbers by Government of India published on 5 March 2010. This number has been assigned to national highway starting from Mangalooru to Shivamogga (Shimoga) going via Gurupura, Kaikamba, Yedapadavu, Moodabidri, Karkala, Bajagoli (Bajegoli), SK border, Kerekatte, Sringeri, Koppa and Thirthahalli. This road provides connectivity between Karavali (Coastal) region through Malenadu region of Karnataka state in India. This road is narrow at some stretches when passing through Kudremukha National Park forest area. The National Highway 169A joins this highway at Thirthahalli.
Domestic waste management in Hong Kong
In Hong Kong, domestic waste has always been the largest portion of municipal solid waste. In 2014, domestic waste constitutes 65% of municipal solid waste, and 43% of total solid waste at landfills (Environmental Protection Department [EPD], 2015b). Hong Kong has the highest daily domestic waste generation rates per capita compared to other metropolitans in Asia: Metro Tokyo creates 0.77 kg per day per capita, Seoul generates 0.95 kg, Taipei City produces 1.00 kg and Hong Kong tops the rank by 1.36 kg (Environment Bureau, 2013).

Municipal solid waste
Municipal solid waste (MSW), commonly known as trash or garbage in the United States and rubbish in Britain, is a waste type consisting of everyday items that are discarded by the public. "Garbage" can also refer specifically to food waste, as in a garbage disposal; the two are sometimes collected separately. In the European Union, the semantic definition is 'mixed municipal waste,' given waste code 20 03 01 in the European Waste Catalog. Although the waste may originate from a number of sources that has nothing to do with a municipality, the traditional role of municipalities in collecting and managing these kinds of waste have produced the particular etymology 'municipal.'