hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Miss Grand Nicaragua 2023
Miss Grand Nicaragua 2023 was the second edition of the Miss Grand Nicaragua beauty pageant, held at Holiday Inn Managua Convention Center in Managua, Nicaragua, on 24 May 2023. Twelve candidates who qualified for the national pageant via an audition competed for the title, of whom, 28-year-old diplomacy and international relations graduate representing Rivas Department, Glennys Medina, was announced the winner.

Medina later represented Nicaragua at the international competition,Miss Grand International 2023, in Vietnam on 25 October, but was unplaced.

The event was hosted by two former Miss Grand Nicaragua, Epifanía Solís and Maycrin Jáenz, and was live transmitted to audiences worldwide via the organizer's Facebook page and YouTube channel.

Managua
Managua (Spanish pronunciation: [maˈnaɣwa]) is the capital and largest city of Nicaragua, and one of the largest cities in Central America. Located on the shores of Lake Managua, the city had an estimated population of 1,055,247 as of 2020, and a population of 1,401,687 in its metropolitan area. The city also serves as the seat of Managua Department.

Founded in 1819, Managua became the national capital in 1852. The city underwent a rapid expansion and urbanization between 1842 and 1930, leading it to become one of the most developed cities in Central America. Several earthquakes have affected the city's growth, especially the 1931 earthquake and the 1972 earthquake, but the city has been rebuilt several times. Today, the city is a major economic hub for both the country and Central America.
National Highway 135BB (India)
National Highway 135BB, commonly referred to as NH 135BB is a national highway in India. It is a spur road of National Highway 35.  NH-135BB traverses the states of Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh in India.

Spur route
A spur route is a short road forming a branch from a longer, more important road such as a freeway, Interstate Highway, or motorway. A bypass or beltway is not considered a  spur route as it typically reconnects with another or the same major road.
Potentilla pseudosericea
Potentilla pseudosericea is a species of cinquefoil known by the common names silky cinquefoil  and Mono cinquefoil. It is native to the Sierra Nevada of California and mountain ranges just to the east, where its distribution extends into Nevada. It grows in rocky mountainous habitat. It is a small plant forming mats or tufts in rock cracks and talus, its short stem growing from a caudex. The leaves are generally palmate, divided into five leaflets. The leaflets are deeply lobed along the edges and woolly in texture, coated in white or silvery hairs. The inflorescence is a cluster of a few yellow flowers with petals around 3 millimeters long each.

Caudex
A caudex (pl.: caudices) of a plant is a stem, but the term is also used to mean a rootstock and particularly a basal stem structure from which new growth arises.

In the strict sense of the term, meaning a stem, "caudex" is most often used with plants that have a different stem morphology from the typical angiosperm dicotyledon stem; examples include palms, ferns, and cycads. The largest of all caudices is that of the ombu (Phytolacca dioica) of the Pampas of South America, which can reach up to 14 metres girth.

The related term caudiciform, literally meaning stem-like, is sometimes used to mean pachycaul, thick-stemmed. Caudices should not be confused with lignotubers which can also be very large.
Noise shaping
Noise shaping is a technique typically used in digital audio, image, and video processing, usually in combination with dithering, as part of the process of quantization or bit-depth reduction of a signal. Its purpose is to increase the apparent signal-to-noise ratio of the resultant signal. It does this by altering the spectral shape of the error that is introduced by dithering and quantization, such that the noise power is at a lower level in frequency bands at which noise is considered to be less desirable and at a correspondingly higher level in bands where it is considered to be more desirable. A popular noise shaping algorithm used in image processing is known as ‘Floyd Steinberg dithering’; and many noise shaping algorithms used in audio processing are based on an ‘Absolute threshold of hearing’ model.

Video processing
In electronics engineering, video processing is a particular case of signal processing, in particular image processing, which often employs video filters and where the input and output signals are video files or video streams. Video processing techniques are used in television sets, VCRs, DVDs, video codecs, video players, video scalers and other devices. For example—commonly only design and video processing is different in TV sets of different manufactures.
Bert Sharp
Herbert Sharp (born 1926) is an Australian former international lawn bowler.

Sharp represented Australia at the 1982 Commonwealth Games and won a gold medal in the fours at the 1982 Commonwealth Games in Brisbane with Keith Poole, Rob Dobbins and Don Sherman .

Australia at the 1982 Commonwealth Games
Australia hosted the 1982 Commonwealth Games in Brisbane from 30 September to 9 October 1982. It was Australia's third time hosting the Games and twelfth appearance at the Commonwealth Games, having competed at every Games since their inception in 1930.
Australia won medals in eleven of the eleven sports that it entered.
Mental health trust
A mental health trust provides health and social care services for people with mental health disorders in England.

There are 54 mental health trusts. They are commissioned and funded by clinical commissioning groups.

Patients usually access the services of mental health trusts through their GP (primary care medical doctor) or via a stay in hospital. Most of the services are for people who live in the region, although there may be specialist services for the whole of the UK or services that accept national referrals. Mental Health Trusts may or may not provide inpatient psychiatric hospital services themselves (they may form part of a general hospital run by a hospital trust). The various trusts work together and with local authorities and voluntary organisations to provide care.

Clinical commissioning group
Clinical commissioning groups (CCGs) were National Health Service (NHS) organisations set up by the Health and Social Care Act 2012 to replace strategic health authorities and primary care trusts to organise the delivery of NHS services in each of their local areas in England. On 1 July 2022, they were abolished and replaced by integrated care systems as a result of the Health and Care Act 2022.
Gastroserica marginalis
Gastroserica marginalis is a species of beetle of the family Scarabaeidae. It is found in China (Fujian, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hong Kong, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Shandong, Shanghai, Sichuan, Zhejiang), Taiwan, Laos, Myanmar and Vietnam.

Scarabaeidae
The family Scarabaeidae, as currently defined, consists of over 35,000 species of beetles worldwide; they are often called scarabs or scarab beetles. The classification of this family has undergone significant change. Several groups formerly treated as subfamilies have been elevated to family rank (e.g., Bolboceratidae, Geotrupidae, Glaresidae, Glaphyridae, Hybosoridae, Ochodaeidae, and Pleocomidae), and some reduced to lower ranks. The subfamilies listed in this article are in accordance with those in Catalog of Life (2023).
Muhammad Sadiq Hassan
Mohammed Sadiq Hassan 'Awni Effendi (1886 – 1 July 1967) was an Iraqi polyglot poet and writer. Born in Kirkuk to a Turkmen-Arab family, he studied and learned Arabic, Persian, Turkish and Kurdish. Joined the Military Academy in Istanbul and graduated with the rank of second lieutenant, then was appointed to the Ottoman army and contributed to wars, such as Siege of Kut and World War I. After war, appointed in education and left the army to work in the teaching of religious Islamic sciences at the Khangah Mosque. He wrote poetry in Turkish, Persian, and Arabic, but was his best poets written in Turkish. He published his poetry in Iraqi newspapers and other local newspapers in Kirkuk, his hometown. Some of his printed books are The World War Memories (1925), My Reflections (1956) and The Passionate Sensations (1964), many of his poems were translated into Arabic. He died in Husam al-Din Mosque in central Kirkuk.

Siege of Kut
The siege of Kut Al Amara (7 December 1915 – 29 April 1916), also known as the first battle of Kut, was the besieging of an 8,000-strong British Indian Army garrison in the town of Kut, 160 km (100 mi) south of Baghdad, by the Ottoman Army. In 1915, its population was around 6,500. Following the surrender of the garrison on 29 April 1916, the survivors of the siege were marched to imprisonment at Aleppo, during which many died. Historian Christopher Catherwood has called the siege "the worst defeat of the Allies in World War I". Ten months later, the British Indian Army, consisting almost entirely of newly recruited troops from Western India, conquered Kut, Baghdad and other regions in between in the fall of Baghdad.
Dental pellicle
The dental pellicle, or acquired pellicle, is a protein film that forms on the surface enamel, dentin, artificial crowns, and bridges by selective binding of glycoproteins from saliva that prevents continuous deposition of salivary calcium phosphate. It forms in seconds after a tooth is cleaned, or after chewing. It protects the tooth from the acids produced by oral microorganisms after consuming carbohydrates.

Calcium phosphate
The term calcium phosphate refers to a family of materials and minerals containing calcium ions (Ca2+) together with inorganic phosphate anions. Some so-called calcium phosphates contain oxide and hydroxide as well. Calcium phosphates are white solids of nutritional value and are found in many living organisms, e.g., bone mineral and tooth enamel. In milk, it exists in a colloidal form in micelles bound to casein protein with magnesium, zinc, and citrate–collectively referred to as colloidal calcium phosphate (CCP). Various calcium phosphate minerals, which often are not white owing to impurities, are used in the production of phosphoric acid and fertilizers. Overuse of certain forms of calcium phosphate can lead to nutrient-containing surface runoff and subsequent adverse effects upon receiving waters such as algal blooms and eutrophication (over-enrichment with nutrients and minerals).
Home Cured
Home Cured is a 1926 American silent short comedy film directed by Roscoe Arbuckle. Although Arbuckle was acquitted in the third trial for the death of Virginia Rappe, he could not obtain work in Hollywood under his own name, so he adopted the pseudonym William Goodrich for directing the comedy shorts he made under his contract with Educational Film Exchanges.

Educational Pictures
Educational Pictures, also known as Educational Film Exchanges, Inc. or Educational Films Corporation of America, was an American film production and film distribution company founded in 1916 by Earle (E. W.) Hammons (1882–1962). Educational primarily distributed short subjects; it is best known for its series of comedies starring Buster Keaton and the earliest screen appearances of Shirley Temple (1932–34). The company ceased production in 1938, and finally closed in 1940 when its film library was sold at an auction.
Manuel Contepomi
Manuel Contepomi (born 20 August 1977 in Buenos Aires) is an Argentine rugby union footballer. He started playing rugby at his secondary school, Colegio Cardenal Newman, and currently plays for Club Newman in the Unión de Rugby de Buenos Aires competition. He has also made numerous appearances for the Argentina national team. He is the twin brother of fellow Argentine rugby international Felipe Contepomi.

He formerly played for Bristol in the Guinness Premiership and Rovigo in Italy.

Contepomi played for the national under-19 and under-21 Argentina sides in the early years of his career. After making his international debut for Argentina in 1998, he was included in the 1999 Rugby World Cup squad for Wales. He made his second World Cup appearance at the 2003 Rugby World Cup in Australia, and his third at the 2007 Rugby World Cup, in France, where Argentina finished in 3rd place.

Bristol Bears
Bristol Bears (officially Bristol Rugby Club or Bristol Rugby) are a professional men's rugby union club based in Bristol, England.  They play in the Gallagher PREM, England's top division of rugby.

The club was founded as "Bristol Football Club" in 1888; between 1921 and 2014, home matches were played at the Memorial Ground, and have since been played at Ashton Gate Stadium in the south-west of the city.  The current head coach Pat Lam was appointed in 2017.  In the 2024–25 season Bristol finished 4th, losing in the play off semi-finals, entitling them to compete in the 2025-26 European Rugby Champions Cup.

In 2018, the club rebranded as "Bristol Bears"; between 2001 and 2005 the club were known as "Bristol Shoguns" due to a sponsorship deal with Mitsubishi.

Bristol won the 1983 John Player Cup and have also won England's second division four times, most recently in 2017–18. In 2019–2020, Bristol won The European Challenge Cup for the first time.
Elmo Natali
Elmo N. Natali (January 27, 1927 – May 28, 2019) was an American football player and coach. He served as the head football coach at California University of Pennsylvania from 1973 to 1976, compiling a record of 6–28. Natali was selected by the Cleveland Browns in the 1953 NFL draft. The Elmo Natali Student Center at Cal University bears his name. Natali died in Virginia Beach, Virginia on May 28, 2019, at the age of 92.

PennWest California
Pennsylvania Western University – California (abbreviated as PennWest California) is a campus of Pennsylvania Western University in California, Pennsylvania, United States. The campus had an enrollment of 2,717 as of fall 2024.

Founded in 1852 and merged into Pennsylvania Western University in 2021, the university offers bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees. It is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education. The school was California University of Pennsylvania from 1983 to 2022, before the merger.
Záblatí (Bohumín)
Záblatíⓘ (Polish: Zabłocieⓘ) is a village in Karviná District, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic. It was a separate municipality but became administratively a part of Bohumín in 1974. It has a population of 2,220 (2022).

Moravian-Silesian Region
The Moravian-Silesian Region (Czech: Moravskoslezský kraj) is one of the 14 administrative regions of the Czech Republic. Before May 2001, it was called the Ostrava Region (Czech: Ostravský kraj). The region is located in the north-eastern part of its historical region of Moravia and in most of the Czech part of the historical region of Silesia. The region borders the Olomouc Region to the west and the Zlín Region to the south. It also borders two other countries – Poland (Opole and Silesian Voivodeships) to the north and Slovakia (Žilina Region) to the east.

It is a highly industrialized region, its capital Ostrava was actually called the "Steel Heart of the Republic". In addition, it has several mountainous areas where the landscape is relatively preserved. Nowadays, the economy of the region benefits from its location in the Czech/Polish/Slovak borderlands.
Swimming at the 2014 Commonwealth Games – Men's 200 metre butterfly
The men's 200 metre butterfly event at the 2014 Commonwealth Games as part of the swimming programme took place on 26 July at the Tollcross International Swimming Centre in Glasgow, Scotland.

The medals were presented by Kamalesh Sharma, Secretary-General of the Commonwealth of Nations and the quaichs were presented by James Hickman, 1998 Commonwealth champion and Global Sports Marketing Manager of Speedo.

Speedo
Speedo International Limited is an Australian-British distributor of swimwear and swim-related accessories based in Nottingham, England.

Founded in Sydney, Australia in 1914 by Alexander MacRae, a Scottish emigrant, the company is now a subsidiary of the British Pentland Group. Today, the Speedo brand can be found on products ranging from swimsuits and goggles to wristwatches. The Speedo brand was previously manufactured for and marketed in North America as Speedo USA by PVH, under an exclusive perpetual licence, which had acquired prior licensee Warnaco Group in 2013. In January 2020, the Pentland Group purchased back the rights from PVH for $170 million in cash, subject to regulatory approval.

In accordance with its Australian roots, Speedo uses a boomerang as its symbol. Due to its success in the swimwear industry, the word Speedo has become a very well-known trademark brand for racing bathing suits.
Tagawa Matsu
Tagawa Matsu (田川マツ; 1601–1647) or Weng-shi (翁氏), was the Japanese mother of Southern Ming general Zheng Chenggong, who is better known internationally as Koxinga. She was a daughter of Tagawa Shichizaemon (田川七左衛門), a vassal samurai of Hirado Domain, but later became the stepdaughter/adopted child to an immigrant Chinese blacksmith. She married Chinese merchant Zheng Zhilong and lived most of her life in the coastal town of Kawachiura (modern day Hirado) in Kyushu, and later died of honor suicide against a Qing attack after migrating to Fujian, China.

Stepchild
A stepchild is the offspring of one's spouse, but not one's own offspring, either biologically or through adoption.

Stepchildren can come into a family in a variety of ways. A stepchild may be the child of one's spouse from a previous relationship, or alternatively, be the result of an adoption, in which case the child would have no biological relationship with either parent. Some also apply the term loosely to non-custodial relationships where “stepparent" can refer to the partner of a parent with whom the child does not live.

Stepchildren play a significant role in the lives of their parents and siblings. In many cases, stepchildren are welcomed into a family and are treated as full members, with the same rights and responsibilities as biological children. However, in some cases, stepchildren may face challenges or difficulties in their relationships with their parents or siblings, and may require additional support and guidance in order to feel fully integrated into the family.
GT Cup Championship
The GT Cup Championship is a sports car racing series based in the United Kingdom. It was founded by Marc Haynes in 2007. The championship supported the short-lived British LMP3 Cup in 2017, following the series to Spa-Francorchamps where it participated alongside the field of prototypes. It supported the 2021 GT World Challenge Europe Sprint Cup at Brands Hatch on 1–2 May. GT Cup Championship events consist of 1 free practice session, 1 qualifying session and 2 races per day; the first being a 25-minute sprint and the second being a 50-minute endurance race with driver changes.

2021 GT World Challenge Europe Sprint Cup
The 2021 Fanatec GT World Challenge Europe Sprint Cup was the ninth season of the GT World Challenge Europe Sprint Cup following on from the demise of the SRO Motorsports Group's FIA GT1 World Championship (an auto racing series for grand tourer cars) and the second season after title sponsor Blancpain withdrew sponsorship. The season began on 7 May at Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours in France and ended on 26 September at Circuit Ricardo Tormo in Valencia.
Bağlar, Üzümlü
Bağlar is a village in the Üzümlü District, Erzincan Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds and had a population of 82 in 2021.

The hamlets of Demirkapı, Erdem, Esen, Kamer, Mehmetağa, Mustafaçavuş, Salim, Taşpınar, Terzi and Uyanık are attached to the village.

Erzincan Province
Erzincan Province (Turkish: Erzincan ili; is province in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. In Turkey, its capital is also called Erzincan. Its area is 11,815 km2, and its population is 239,223 (2022).
Dolmen-Chapel of São Brissos
The Dolmen-Chapel of São Brissos (Portuguese: Anta-Capela de São Brissos) is a small chapel located in the parish of Santiago do Escoural in the municipality of Montemor-o-Novo in Portugal. It consists of the conversion of a prehistoric tomb into a Christian cult building. The chapel has been classified as a Property of Public Interest since 1957.

Santiago do Escoural
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Santiago do Escoural, also referred to simply as Escoural, is a civil parish in the municipality of Montemor-o-Novo, in the district of Évora, Portugal. The population in 2011 was 1,335, and 1,047 in 2021.  
It covers an area of 138.70 km2.

The Escoural Cave is located a few kilometres from the town and is known for its Paleolithic rock art and Neolithic burial site.
Goslar – Northeim – Göttingen II
Goslar – Northeim – Göttingen II is an electoral constituency (German: Wahlkreis) represented in the Bundestag. It elects one member via first-past-the-post voting. Under the current constituency numbering system, it is designated as constituency 52. It is located in southern Lower Saxony, comprising most of the districts of Goslar, Northeim, and the former Osterode (now part of Göttingen district).

Goslar – Northeim – Göttingen II was created for the inaugural 1949 federal election. Since 2021, it has been represented by Frauke Heiligenstadt of the Social Democratic Party (SPD).

1949 West German federal election
A federal election was held in West Germany on 14 August 1949 to elect the members of the first Bundestag, with a further eight seats elected in West Berlin between 1949 and January 1952 and another eleven between February 1952 and 1953. They were the first free federal elections in West Germany since 1933 and the first after the division of the country.

The CDU/CSU formed a centre-right coalition government with the FDP and the DP.
Ira Webster Olive House
The Ira Webster Olive House is a historic two-story house in Lexington, Nebraska. It was built by Harry H. Mills in 1889-1890 for Ira Webster Olive, a cattleman, banker and businessman from Texas who lived in the house until his death in 1928. The house was designed in the Queen Anne style. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since November 27, 1989.

Lexington, Nebraska
Lexington is a city in Dawson County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 10,348 at the 2020 census, making it the 16th most populous city in Nebraska. It is the county seat of Dawson County. Lexington is located in southern Nebraska, on the Platte River, southeast of North Platte. It sits along the route of U.S. Route 30 and the Union Pacific Railroad. In the 1860s, Lexington was the location of a stop along the Pony Express.
Daniel Furlong
Daniel Furlong (born 3 January 1998) is an Irish singer. He is known for winning the third series of The All Ireland Talent Show. He was also the first wildcard to win the show, the first to win for The East and subsequently, the last winner of the show before its cancellation. He has been a member of the Irish band Celtic Thunder.

The All Ireland Talent Show series 3
A third season and final was announced in August 2010. The first show was broadcast on 21 August 2010. The third series aired on RTÉ One, it was hosted by Gráinne Seoige. This series was produced by Tyrone Productions.

Once again prize money of €50,000 was awarded to the eventual winner of the show; who was Daniel Furlong, with Bláthnaid the winning judge. The result also marked the third time a child act won the show, following The Mulkerrin Brothers and Chloe Coyle in the previous two series'.

This was the final series. The All Ireland Talent Show was replaced by The Voice of Ireland, a part of  The Voice TV series.