hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Restructured steak
Restructured steak is a catch-all term to describe a class of imitation beef steaks made from smaller pieces of beef fused together by a binding agent. Its development started from the 1970s. Restructured steak is sometimes made using cheaper cuts of beef such as the hind quarter or fore quarter of beef.

Allowed food-grade agents include:

Sodium chloride (table salt) and phosphate salts. Salt can prevent microbiological growth and make myosin-type proteins more soluble. The allowed amount of phosphate in end products is 0.5% in the United States. It increases the emulsification of fat.

Animal blood plasma

Alginate: Sodium alginate forms an adhesive gel in the presence of Ca2+ ion.

Transglutaminase: an enzyme that helps the forming of cross-binding proteins.

Gel
A gel is a semi-solid that can have properties ranging from soft and weak to hard and tough. Gels are defined as a substantially dilute cross-linked system, which exhibits no flow when in the steady state, although the liquid phase may still diffuse through this system.

Gels are mostly liquid by mass, yet they behave like solids because of a three-dimensional cross-linked network within the liquid. It is the cross-linking within the fluid that gives a gel its structure (hardness) and contributes to the adhesive stick (tack). In this way, gels are a dispersion of molecules of a liquid within a solid medium. The word gel was coined by 19th-century Scottish chemist Thomas Graham by clipping from gelatine.

The process of forming a gel is called gelation.
The Blazing Sun (1954 film)
The Blazing Sun listenⓘ (Arabic: صراع في الوادي, Ṣira‘ Fī al-Wādī) is a 1954 Egyptian romance drama film directed by Youssef Chahine and written by Helmy Halim and Ali El Zorkani. It stars Omar Sharif and Faten Hamama. This was the first film role that Omar Sharif played. In 1996, during the Egyptian Cinema centennial, this film was selected one of the best 150 Egyptian film productions. It was presented in the 1954 Cannes Film Festival under the name The Blazing Sky. It was a box office hit in the Soviet Union, where it sold 25.8 million tickets in 1956.

1954 Cannes Film Festival
The 7th Cannes Film Festival took place from 25 March to 9 April 1954. French writer and filmmaker Jean Cocteau served as jury president for the main competition. This was the last festival with a predominantly French jury.

The Grand Prix was awarded, as the highest prize of the Festival, to Gate of Hell by Teinosuke Kinugasa.

As the festival was becoming more and more a pole of showbiz attraction, scandals and romances of stars were appearing in the press. In 1954, the Simone Silva affair during the Cannes Festival ended up in the destruction of her career as an actress and her premature death, three years later.

The festival opened with Flesh and the Woman by Robert Siodmak.
County Borough of Croydon
The County Borough of Croydon was a local government district in and around the town of Croydon in north east Surrey, England from 1889 to 1965.  Since 1965 the district has been part of the London Borough of Croydon within Greater London.

Shirley, London
Shirley is an area of south London, England, within the London Borough of Croydon. It lies north of Spring Park and Addington, east of Addiscombe, south of Monks Orchard and west of West Wickham, and 10 miles south-southeast of Charing Cross. Prior to the creation of Greater London in 1965, Shirley was in the administrative county of Surrey.

The Shirley area is split into Shirley proper (centred on Wickham Road), Shirley Oaks (to the north) and Upper Shirley (to the west); the suburbs of Monks Orchard and Spring Park are sometimes also considered to be sub-districts of Shirley.
2024–25 Northern Illinois Huskies men's basketball team
The 2024–25 Northern Illinois Huskies men's basketball team represented Northern Illinois University during the 2024–25 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Huskies, led by fourth-year head coach Rashon Burno, played their home games at the Convocation Center in DeKalb, Illinois as members of the Mid-American Conference (MAC). They finished the season 6–25, 2–16 in MAC play to finish in last place. They failed to qualify for the MAC tournament.

2025 MAC men's basketball tournament
The 2025 Mid-American Conference men's basketball tournament was the postseason men's basketball tournament for the Mid-American Conference (MAC) held March 13–15, 2025. The entire tournament was played at Rocket Arena in Cleveland, Ohio.  Akron defeated Bowling Green and Toledo in the first two rounds and then Miami in the final  Nate Johnson of Akron was the MVP.
Transition state
In chemistry, the transition state of a chemical reaction is a particular configuration along the reaction coordinate. It is defined as the state corresponding to the highest potential energy along this reaction coordinate.  It is often marked with the double dagger (‡) symbol.

As an example, the transition state shown below occurs during the SN2 reaction of bromoethane with a hydroxide anion:

The activated complex of a reaction can refer to either the transition state or to other states along the reaction coordinate between reactants and products, especially those close to the transition state.

According to the transition state theory, once the reactants have passed through the transition state configuration, they always continue to form products.

Hydroxide
Hydroxide is a diatomic anion with chemical formula OH−. It consists of an oxygen and hydrogen atom held together by a single covalent bond, and carries a negative electric charge. It is an important but usually minor constituent of water. It functions as a base, a ligand, a nucleophile, and a catalyst. The hydroxide ion forms salts, some of which dissociate in aqueous solution, liberating solvated hydroxide ions. Sodium hydroxide is a multi-million-ton per annum commodity chemical.
The corresponding electrically neutral compound HO• is the hydroxyl radical. The corresponding covalently bound group −OH of atoms is the hydroxy group.
Both the hydroxide ion and hydroxy group are nucleophiles and can act as catalysts in organic chemistry.

Many inorganic substances which bear the word hydroxide in their names are not ionic compounds of the hydroxide ion, but covalent compounds which contain hydroxy groups.
Tandil Open
The Tandil Open was a golf tournament on the TPG Tour, the official professional golf tour in Argentina. First held in 2006, it was always held at the Valle de Tandil Golf Club, in Tandil, Buenos Aires Province.

TPG Tour
The TPG Tour (Tour de Profesionales de Golf) is the principal professional golf tour in Argentina. The tour was formed in 2007, following disputes within the PGA of Argentina, who had operated the main professional tour in the country in previous years.

The tour operated exclusively in Argentina in its inaugural season, but this changed in 2008 with the inclusion of the Carlos Franco Invitational, held in Paraguay. There were seventeen events in 2007 and sixteen in 2008, including the flagship Argentine Open and Argentine Masters, as well as the major regional opens, the South Open, Center Open, North Open and Coast Open.

The TPG Tour developed a close relationship with the higher level Tour de las Américas, with several events being co-sanctioned, which resulted in increased prize funds and stronger fields. Through the Tour de las Américas, some events were also co-sanctioned by the Challenge Tour and the Canadian Tour.
Brad Spencer (American football)
Brad Spencer (born c. 1981) is an American college football coach and former player. He is the head football coach for North Central College, a position he has held since 2022. In his first and third seasons, Spencer led the 2022 and 2024 North Central Cardinals football teams to NCAA Division III football championship titles.

Spencer attended Naperville Central High School, where he starred as a wide receiver. As a senior in 1999, he played on an undefeated Naperville Central team that won the Class 6A state championship. He played college football at North Central and graduated with program records for receptions, receiving yards, and receiving touchdowns. He joined the coaching staff at North Central in 2004 as wide receivers coach and was promoted to offensive coordinator in 2015.

NCAA Division III football championship
The NCAA Division III football championship is an American college football tournament played annually to determine a champion at the NCAA Division III level. It was first held in 1973, as a single-elimination playoff with eight teams. Over the past 50 seasons, the number of participants has grown to 40. In 2025, 27 playoff bids went to conference champions via automatic qualification, leaving 13 places for at-large selections.

The Division III championship game, known as the Amos Alonzo Stagg Bowl or Stagg Bowl (named after football coach Amos Alonzo Stagg), was held at Shell Energy Stadium in Houston, Texas in 2024. Other Stagg Bowl sites have included Annapolis, Maryland (2022), Canton, Ohio (2021, 2025, 2027), Shenandoah, Texas (2018–2019), Salem, Virginia (1993–2017, 2023, 2026), Bradenton, Florida (1990–1992), Phenix City, Alabama (1973–1982, 1985–1989), and Kings Island, Ohio (1983–1984).
Süheyl Batum
Bedii Süheyl Batum (born 6 May 1955) is a Turkish professor of constitutional law, political scientist, columnist and Kemalist politician who had served as the Member of Parliament for Eskişehir from June 2011 to June 2015. He was the former rector of Bahçeşehir University.

Kemalism
Kemalism (Turkish: Kemalizm, also archaically Kamâlizm) or Atatürkism (Atatürkçülük) is a political ideology based on the ideas of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the founder and first president of the Republic of Türkiye. Its symbol is the Six Arrows (Altı Ok).

Atatürk's Turkey was defined by sweeping political, social, cultural, and religious reforms designed to separate the Republican state from its Ottoman predecessor and embrace a Western lifestyle, including the establishment of secularism/laicism, state support of the sciences, gender equality, economic statism and more. Most of those policies were first introduced to and implemented in Turkey during Atatürk's presidency through his reforms.
Chisbury
Chisbury is a hamlet and prehistoric hill fort in the civil parish of Little Bedwyn in Wiltshire, England. Chisbury is about 4 miles (6 km) west of Hungerford and about 6 miles (10 km) south-east of Marlborough.

Marlborough, Wiltshire
Marlborough (/ˈmɔːlbərə/ ⓘ MAWL-bər-ə, is a market town and civil parish in the English county of Wiltshire on the Old Bath Road, the old main road from London to Bath. The town is on the River Kennet, 24 miles (39 km) north of Salisbury and 10 miles (16 km) southeast of Swindon. In 2021 it had a population of 9129.
Kaadhal Kavithai
Kaadhal Kavithai (transl. Poem of love) is a 1998 Indian Tamil-language romance film directed by Agathiyan and produced by Sunanda Murali Manohar. The film stars Prashanth, Isha Koppikar (in her Tamil debut) and Kasthuri, while Manivannan and Srividya play supporting characters. The film had music composed by Ilaiyaraaja, while duo Lancy-Mohan and Ravi Yadav handled the editing and cinematography respectively.

The storyline revolves around a classical dancer who, while touring Europe, visits Princess Diana's memorial at Althorp. Browsing through the various messages left by the public, she comes across a poetic, poignant epistle in Tamil that captivates her and impels her to scribble a response. While returning a few days later, she finds the author of that note has left another one, prompting her to begin to search for the author. After opening on 25 December 1998, the film went on to gain success critically and became a commercially successful venture.

Srividya
Srividya (24 July 1953 – 19 October 2006), was an Indian actress best known for her work predominantly in Malayalam and Tamil films, along with a few Telugu, Kannada and Hindi films. In a career spanning for 40 years, she had acted in more than 800 films. In the latter part of her career, she concentrated on Malayalam films. In addition to acting, Srividya occasionally worked as a playback singer as well as carnatic singer. She was also a well-trained Bharathanatyam dancer. She was best known for restraint and subtlety in portrayal of varied emotions. She used her own voice for dubbing in almost all movies in all languages. She died in 2006 after battling metastatic breast cancer.
2021–22 Saudi Pro League
The 2021–22 Saudi Pro League was the 47th edition of the top-tier Saudi football league, established in 1974, and the 14th edition since it was rebranded as the Saudi Pro League in 2008, Fixtures for the 2021–22 season were announced on 18 July 2021.

Al-Hilal were the two-time defending champions after winning their 17th title last season. Al-Fayha, Al-Hazem, and Al-Tai join as the three promoted clubs from the 2020–21 MS League. They replace Al-Ain, Al-Qadsiah, and Al-Wehda who were relegated to the 2021–22 MS League.

On 27 June, Al-Hilal secured their eighteenth league title in the final matchday following a 2–1 home win against Al-Faisaly. It was also the club's third consecutive title and fifth in the last six seasons. Al-Hazem were the first team to be relegated following a 5–2 defeat away to Al-Ettifaq on 21 May. In the final matchday, both Al-Faisaly and Al-Ahli were relegated following a defeat to Al-Hilal and a draw with Al-Shabab respectively.

1974–75 Saudi Categorization League
Categorization League was a League that included all top-performing clubs from their respective regional leagues of the East, West, and Central regions. The League was titled The Categorization League (Arabic: الدوري التصنيفي), because it categorized which clubs play in the Premier League and which clubs play in the First Division League and was a transitional League,  making an end to Saudi Regional Leagues.
Christ the Worker Parish, Hong Kong
The Christ the Worker Parish is a local Roman Catholic church in the Special Administrative Region of Hong Kong. The chapel is located inside Ngau Tau Kok Caritas Centre. Her pastoral region extends from Upper Ngau Tau Kok Estate, Lower Ngau Tau Kok Estate, Jordan Valley to Kowloon Bay.

Upper Ngau Tau Kok Estate
Upper Ngau Tau Kok Estate (Chinese: 牛頭角上邨) is a public housing estate in Ngau Tau Kok, Kwun Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, located next to Kwun Tong Garden Estate and between MTR Ngau Tau Kok station and Kowloon Bay station. After redevelopment, the estate has 9 blocks developed into 3 phases.
Ida New and William Madison Turner Farm
The Ida New and William Madison Turner Farm is a historic farmhouse in Wilson County, Tennessee, southwest of Lebanon. It was built in 1913-1914 for Ian New and William Madison Turner on land they purchased from Eula and Jep Lain. The fence was completed circa 1920. There are several other buildings on the farm, including a chicken coop built in 1960, a smokehouse and a washhouse. The farm was taken over by their son Van New Turner in 1941, although his mother continued to live on the property until her death in 1950. Turner lived here with his wife, Nancy Moore. By the 1990s, it belonged to Anne Turner Overton, one of their descendants.

The main farmhouse was designed in the American Foursquare architectural style. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since November 7, 1995.

Poultry farming
Poultry farming is the form of animal husbandry which raises domesticated birds such as chickens, ducks, turkeys and geese to produce meat or eggs for food. Poultry – mostly chickens – are farmed in great numbers.  More than 60 billion chickens are killed for consumption annually. Chickens raised for eggs are known as layers, while chickens raised for meat are called broilers.

In the United States, the national organization overseeing poultry production is the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In the UK, the national organization is the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA).
Galactinol—sucrose galactosyltransferase
In enzymology, a galactinol-sucrose galactosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.82) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-1D-myo-inositol + sucrose  myo-inositol + raffinose

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-1D-myo-inositol and sucrose, whereas its two products are myo-inositol and raffinose.

This enzyme belongs to the family of glycosyltransferases, specifically the hexosyltransferases.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-myo-inositol:sucrose 6-alpha-D-galactosyltransferase. Other names in common use include 1-alpha-D-galactosyl-myo-inositol:sucrose, and 6-alpha-D-galactosyltransferase.  This enzyme participates in galactose metabolism.

Raffinose
Raffinose is a trisaccharide derived from galactose, glucose, and fructose. Raffinose can be hydrolyzed to D-galactose and sucrose by the enzyme alpha galactosidase (α-GAL), an enzyme synthesized by bacteria found in the large intestine. α-GAL also hydrolyzes other alpha galactosides such as stachyose, verbascose, and galactinol, if present. In plants, raffinose plays a significant role in stress responses, particularly temperature sensitivity, seed vigour, resistance to pathogens, and desiccation. It can be found in beans, cabbage, Brussels sprouts, broccoli, asparagus, other vegetables, and whole grains.
Kidder (surname)
Kidder is a surname.  Notable people with the surname include:

Alfred V. Kidder (1885–1963), American archaeologist

Daniel Parish Kidder (1815–92), American theologian

Edward Kidder (1665/66–1739), 18th century pastry cook

Frederic Kidder (1804–85), American author

Hugh Kidder (1897–1918), officer in the United States Marine Corps during World War I

Janet Kidder (born 1972), Canadian actress

Jefferson P. Kidder (1815–1883), 19th century American lawyer, jurist, and politician

Kathryn Kidder (1868–1930), American actress

Margot Kidder (1948–2018), Canadian American actress

Ray Kidder, American physicist and nuclear weapons designer

Rushworth Kidder (1944–2012), founder of the Institute for Global Ethics

Sarah Kidder (c.1839–1933), first female railroad president in the world

Tracy Kidder (born 1945), American author

Rushworth Kidder
Rushworth Moulton Kidder (May 8, 1944 – March 5, 2012) was an American author, ethicist, and professor. Kidder founded the Institute for Global Ethics in 1990, and is the author of Moral Courage and How Good People Make Tough Choices: Resolving the Dilemmas of Ethical Living. He was born in Amherst, Massachusetts. He worked as a columnist and editor for The Christian Science Monitor. Kidder died in 2012 of natural causes in Naples, Florida at the age of 67. Kidder earned a doctorate from Columbia University in English and comparative literature and wrote the foreword to Compassion Wins, by Godfrey John. He wrote an award-winning five-part series on quantum physics in 1988, and his writings appeared in the American Society of Newspaper Editors' Best Newspaper Writing collection.
R. Sudharsan
R. Sudharsan (born 29 May 1989) is an Indian film editor, who has worked on Tamil language films. He has often collaborated in ventures involving R. Parthiepan and made his debut through Manivannan's Nagaraja Cholan MA, MLA (2013).

Kathai Thiraikathai Vasanam Iyakkam
Kathai Thiraikathai Vasanam Iyakkam (transl. Story, Screenplay, Dialogue, Direction; also referred to as KTVI) is a 2014 Indian Tamil-language independent satirical drama film written and directed by R. Parthiepan and produced by K. Chandramohan and independent producer, Haresh Vikram Vijayakumar. The project stars an all-new cast along with several experienced actors in cameo roles. It was Parthiepan's first directorial film in which he did not feature in the lead role. The film, with the tagline "a film without a story", began production in late 2013 and was released on 15 August 2014.
The Dominion 2013 Northern Ontario Men's Curling Championship
The 2013 Dominion Men's NOCA (Northern Ontario Curling Association) Provincial Curling Championship was held February 6–10 at the Nipigon Curling Club in Nipigon. The winning team of Brad Jacobs represented Northern Ontario at the 2013 Tim Hortons Brier in Edmonton, Alberta.

Brad Jacobs
Bradley Robert Jacobs (born June 11, 1985) is a Canadian curler from Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. He currently skips his own team out of Calgary, Alberta. He is a 2-time Olympic champion skip, having led Canada to gold medals at the 2014 Winter Olympics and the 2026 Winter Olympics. Jacobs is also the 2013 Tim Hortons Brier and the 2025 Montana's Brier championship skip and the 2013 World Championship runner-up. He is a 12-time Northern Ontario provincial champion, and one-time provincial junior champion.

Jacobs and his 2014 Olympic gold medallist team were well known for their physical fitness. They have been described as "fitness freaks" and were in 2014 "embracing curling's athletic evolution as much or more than any other team", helping to start the movement of more curling athletes embracing fitness and spending equal time "on the curling ice and at the gym".

Jacobs was born in Sault Ste. Marie, the son of Bob and Cynthia Jacobs (née Harnden).
Markus Schmidt (luger)
Markus Schmidt (born 23 October 1968) is an Austrian luger who competed between 1987 and 1997. Competing in two Winter Olympics, he earned a bronze medal in the men's singles event at Albertville in 1992.

Schmidt also won two medals in the mixed team event at the FIL World Luge Championships with a gold in 1996 and a silver in 1991. He also won two silver medals in the mixed team event at the 1992 FIL European Luge Championships in Winterberg, Germany and 1996 FIL European Luge Championships in Sigulda, Latvia, bronze medal in the mixed team event at the 1994 FIL European Luge Championships in Königssee, Germany and bronze medal in the men's singles event at the 1996 FIL European Luge Championships in Sigulda, Latvia.

FIL World Luge Championships
The FIL World Luge Championships, part of the International Luge Federation (FIL) have taken place on an almost annual basis in non-Winter Olympics years since 1955. These championships are shown for artificial tracks. See FIL World Luge Natural Track Championships for all natural track events that have taken place since 1979.
Rincon High School
Rincon High School is a public high school in Tucson, Arizona. The school serves about 1,100 students in grades 9 to 12 in the Tucson Unified School District (TUSD). Since 1985, the campus has been shared with University High School, a separate accelerated institution. Courses from each school can be combined, and athletics and fine arts are combined under the Rincon/University(RUHS) name. The two schools do field separate teams for academic competitive events. It opened its doors in 1958.

Tucson Unified School District
Tucson Unified School District (TUSD) is the largest school district of Tucson, Arizona, in terms of enrollment. Dr. Gabriel Trujillo is the superintendent, appointed on September 12, 2017, by the Governing Board.  As of 2016, TUSD had more than 47,670 students. As of Fall 2012, according to Superintendent John Pedicone (on the 9/14/2012 Buckmaster Show), TUSD had 50,000 students. District enrollment has declined over the last 10 years and TUSD lost 1,700 to 2,000 students per year for the two or three years prior to 2012.