hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Intel Management Engine
The Intel Management Engine (ME), also known as the Intel Manageability Engine, is an autonomous subsystem that has been incorporated in virtually all of Intel's processor chipsets since 2008. It is located in the Platform Controller Hub of modern Intel motherboards.

The Intel Management Engine always runs as long as the motherboard is receiving power, even when the computer is turned off. This issue can be mitigated with the deployment of a hardware device which is able to disconnect all connections to mains power as well as all internal forms of energy storage. The Electronic Frontier Foundation and some security researchers have voiced concern that the Management Engine is a backdoor.

Intel's main competitor, AMD, has incorporated the equivalent AMD Secure Technology (formally called Platform Security Processor) in virtually all of its post-2013 CPUs.

Chipset
In a computer system, a chipset is a set of electronic components on one or more integrated circuits that manages the data flow between the processor, memory and peripherals. The chipset is usually found on the motherboard of computers. Chipsets are usually designed to work with a specific family of microprocessors. Because it controls communications between the processor and external devices, the chipset plays a crucial role in determining system performance. Sometimes the term "chipset" is used to describe a system on chip (SoC) used in a mobile phone.
Crossford, South Lanarkshire
Crossford is a village in South Lanarkshire, Scotland.

Crossford lies on the A72, alongside the River Clyde and the River Nethan, 4+1⁄2 miles (7 kilometres) northwest of Lanark and nine miles (14 kilometres) southeast of Hamilton. It is home to a pub, the Tillietudlem Inn, and a village shop. The nearest primary school, Underbank Primary, is situated just out of Crossford whilst the nearest secondary is in Carluke, though pupils from the village attend Lanark Grammar School.
The 317 bus service runs every 90 minutes to Hamilton and Lanark.

The 40-mile-long (65-kilometre) Clyde walkway footpath from Lanark to Glasgow passes through Crossford.

Lanark
Lanark (/ˈlænərk/ LAN-ərk; Scottish Gaelic: Lannraig [ˈl̪ˠaun̪ˠɾɪkʲ]; Scots: Lanrik) is a town in South Lanarkshire, Scotland, located 20 kilometres to the south-east of Hamilton. The town lies on the River Clyde, at its confluence with Mouse Water. In 2020, the town had a population of 8,880.

Lanark was a royal burgh from 1140 to 1975, and was historically the county town of Lanarkshire, though in modern times this title belongs to Hamilton. Notable landmarks nearby include New Lanark, the Corra Linn and the site of Lanark Castle.

Lanark railway station and bus interchange have frequent services to Glasgow. There is little industry in Lanark and some residents commute to work in Glasgow and Edinburgh. Its shops serve the local agricultural community and surrounding villages. There is a large modern livestock auction market on the outskirts of the town.
Dynamical reduction
A dynamical reduction theory (DRT) is an extension of quantum mechanics (QM) that attempts to account for the collapse of the wave function. It is necessary because QM does not account for the specific measurements of observable quantities or events, in the familiar realm of Newtonian or classical physics, that we make in QM experiments.

The reason that QM does not account for measurements is that the time evolution of the quantum state of a system is described probabilistically by linear superpositions of Schrödinger equations. Even if we include the quantum state of the measuring devices, and even if we include the quantum state of the surrounding universe, this gives no information about actual measurements, each of which always appears to choose a particular possible value.

An example of a DRT is Continuous spontaneous localization (CSL).

Classical physics
Classical physics consists of scientific theories in the field of physics that are non-quantum or both non-quantum and non-relativistic, depending on the context. In historical discussions, classical physics refers to pre-1900 physics, while modern physics refers to post-1900 physics, which incorporates elements of quantum mechanics and the theory of relativity. However, relativity is based on classical field theory rather than quantum field theory, and is often categorized as a part of "classical physics".
Security kernel
In telecommunications, the term security kernel has the following meanings:

In computer and communications security, the central part of a computer or communications system hardware, firmware, and software that implements the basic security procedures for controlling access to system resources.

A self-contained usually small collection of key security-related statements that (a) works as a part of an operating system to prevent unauthorized access to, or use of, the system and (b) contains criteria that must be met before specified programs can be accessed.

Hardware, firmware, and software elements of a trusted computing base that implement the reference monitor concept.

Communications security
Communications security is the discipline of preventing unauthorized interceptors from accessing telecommunications in an intelligible form, while still delivering content to the intended recipients.

In the North Atlantic Treaty Organization culture, including United States Department of Defense culture, it is often referred to by the abbreviation COMSEC.  The field includes cryptographic security, transmission security, emissions security and physical security of COMSEC equipment and associated keying material.

COMSEC is used to protect both classified and unclassified traffic on military communications networks, including voice, video, and data.  It is used for both analog and digital applications, and both wired and wireless links.

Voice over secure internet protocol VOSIP has become the de facto standard for securing voice communication, replacing the need for Secure Terminal Equipment (STE) in much of NATO, including the U.S.A. USCENTCOM moved entirely to VOSIP in 2008.
1998–99 Division 1 season (Swedish ice hockey)
The 1998–99 Division 1 season was the 24th and last season that Division 1 operated as the second tier of ice hockey in Sweden, below the top-flight Elitserien (now the SHL). The Allsvenskan was founded as the new second-level league for the 1999-2000 season. Division 1 became the new third-level league for the following season.

Timrå IK
Timrå Ishockeyklubb is a professional Swedish ice hockey team based in Timrå, north of Sundsvall. It competes in the Swedish Hockey League (SHL), which is the top-tier league in Sweden, since being promoted by winning 2021 SHL qualifiers. Previous seasons in the top Swedish division include 1956–57 to 1975–76, 1977–78, 1981–82, 2000–01 to 2012–13 and 2018–19. The team's home venue is Timrå Isstadion with a capacity of 6,000 spectators.

The club was founded on 11 May 1928 as a boxing club and started the ice hockey section in 1937. Timrå are historically traditional rivals with Modo Hockey since they both are situated in Västernorrland County and are playing in the professional ice hockey leagues in Sweden.
Horror game
A horror game is a video game genre centered on horror fiction and typically designed to scare the player. The term may also be used to describe tabletop games with horror fiction elements.

Unlike most other video game genres, which are classified by their gameplay, horror games are nearly always based on narrative or visual presentation, and use a variety of gameplay types.

Tabletop game
Tabletop games or tabletops are games that are normally played on a table or other flat surface, such as board games, card games, dice games, miniature wargames, tabletop role-playing games, or tile-based games.
Golobinjek
Golobinjek (pronounced [ɡɔlɔˈbiːnjɛk]; German: Taubenbrunn) is a remote former settlement in the Municipality of Semič in southern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region. Its territory is now part of the village of Planina.

Municipality of Semič
The Municipality of Semič (pronounced [ˈseːmitʃ]; Slovene: Občina Semič) is a municipality in Slovenia in the traditional region of White Carniola in southeastern Slovenia. The municipality is included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region. Its seat is the settlement of Semič.
Banapur
Banapur is a town and a Notified Area Council in Khordha district in the state of Odisha, India. The town is named after the King Banasura of Lord Shri Krishna era (as the epic tells).

Banasura, a demon-king who is said to have ruled over this place. Major point of attraction here is the temple dedicated to Goddess Bhagabati (odisha Hindu goddess), the presiding deity of Banapur. It is one of the famous Shaktipithas of Odisha.

The place was under the control of a line of feudal lords, the ancestors of the Rajas (Kings) of Parikud, till 18th century. As per historical importance it was one of the centers of inception of Paika rebellion.

Nagar panchayat
A nagar panchayat (transl. 'town council') or town panchayat or Notified Area Council (NAC) in India is a settlement in transition from rural to urban and therefore a form of an urban political unit comparable to a municipality. An urban centre with more than 12,000 and less than 40,000 inhabitants is classified as a nagar panchayat. The population requirement for a town panchayat can vary from state to state.

Such councils are formed under the panchayati raj administrative system. In census data, the abbreviation T.P. is used to indicate a "town panchayat". Tamil Nadu was the first state to introduce the panchayat town as an intermediate step between rural villages and urban local bodies (ULB). The structure and the functions of the nagar panchayat are decided by the state government.
2023 Caldas da Rainha Ladies Open – Doubles
Adriana Reami and Anna Rogers were the defending champions but they chose not to participate.

Francisca Jorge and Matilde Jorge won the title, defeating Ashley Lahey and Tian Fangran in the final, 6–1, 2–6, [10–7].

Ashley Lahey
Ashley Lahey (born October 26, 1999) is an American tennis player.

Lahey has a career-high singles ranking of 317 by the WTA, achieved on 18 September 2023. She also has a career-high WTA doubles ranking of 170, achieved on 25 September 2023.

Lahey won her first bigger ITF title at the 2022 Tyler Pro Challenge, in the doubles draw, partnering Maria Kozyreva.

She played college tennis at Pepperdine University.
The White Quail
“The White Quail” is a work of short fiction by John Steinbeck originally appearing in The North American Review, March 1935. The story was first collected in The Long Valley (1938) published by Viking Press.

Viking Press
Viking Press (formally Viking Penguin, also listed as Viking Books) is an American publishing company owned by Penguin Random House. It was founded in New York City on March 1, 1925, by Harold K. Guinzburg and George S. Oppenheimer and then acquired by the Penguin Group in 1975.

The publisher's name and logo, a Viking ship drawn by Rockwell Kent, were chosen as symbols of enterprise, adventure, and exploration in publishing.

Viking Press was sold to Penguin Books in 1975 for $12 million due to the publishing house's monetary difficulties. These were speculated to have been caused by the shrinkage in the juvenile market and Viking Press' lack of a textbook division.
Llandudno Junction railway station
Llandudno Junction (Welsh: Cyffordd Llandudno) is a railway station that serves the town of Llandudno Junction, in Conwy County Borough, Wales. The station is a stop on the North Wales Main Line between Crewe and Holyhead; it is also a junction for trains to Llandudno and the Conwy Valley line. It is managed by Transport for Wales, which also provides services along with Avanti West Coast.

Conwy County Borough
Conwy County Borough (Welsh: Bwrdeistref Sirol Conwy) is a county borough in the north of Wales. It borders Gwynedd to the west and south and Denbighshire to the east. The largest settlement is Colwyn Bay, and Conwy is the administrative centre.

Conwy has an area of 1,126 square kilometres (435 sq mi) and a population of 114,891 in 2024, making it sparsely populated. The population is concentrated along the coast, along which are several seaside resorts and the county's largest towns: Colwyn Bay (34,284), Llandudno (20,701), and Conwy (14,753). Inland is much less populous, and the only town is Llanrwst (3,323).
Mission California
Mission California is Cross Canadian Ragweed's fourth studio album. It was released on October 2, 2007. The band spent 25 days in the studio; the first 5 cutting 15 tracks, the next 20 polishing each. It was recorded in San Diego, California. Lee Ann Womack laid down background vocals on 4 of the tracks to include the Chris Knight cover "Cry Lonely."

Baritone guitar
The baritone guitar is a guitar with a longer scale length, typically a larger body, and heavier internal bracing. Due to this, it can be tuned to a lower pitch. Gretsch, Fender, Gibson, Ibanez, ESP Guitars, PRS Guitars, Music Man, Danelectro, Schecter, Burns London and many other companies have produced electric baritone guitars since the 1960s, although always in small numbers due to low popularity. Tacoma, Santa Cruz, Taylor, Martin, Alvarez Guitars, Ovation Guitar Company and others have made acoustic baritone guitars.
Piccadilly (ward)
The Piccadilly electoral ward of Manchester City Council was created by the Local Government Boundary Commission for England to replace parts of the City Centre and Ancoats & Clayton wards in 2018.

It is represented in Westminster by Lucy Powell Labour Co-op MP for Manchester Central.

Manchester Central (UK Parliament constituency)
Manchester Central is a parliamentary constituency in Greater Manchester created in 1974. The seat has been represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom since 2012 by Lucy Powell of the Labour Party and Co-operative Party. Powell served as Leader of the House of Commons and Lord President of the Council from 2024 until 2025.
Haroon Habib
Haroon Habib (Bengali: হারুন হাবীব; born 1 January 1948) is a writer, journalist and columnist of Bangladesh who is well known for his bold independent writings. A powerful voice in journalism, creative writings and social activism for last three and half decades, he took part in the country's Liberation War in 1971 as a student guerrilla fighter and simultaneously worked as war correspondent of the Joy Bangla weekly and Swadhin Bangla Beter Kendra radio, the two official mouthpieces of the provisional Mujibnagar government, that led the country's independence war.

Mujibnagar
Mujibnagar (Bengali: মুজিবনগর), formerly known as Baidyanathtala (Boiddonathtola) and Bhoborpara, is a town in the Mujibnagar Upazila of Meherpur District in Khulna, Bangladesh. The Provisional Government of Bangladesh was formed on 10 April 1971, however, sworn in on 17 April 1971 in this place by the elected representatives of the Bengalees (mostly belongling to Awami League), that led the Bangladesh Liberation War, who were leading the guerrilla war for the independence of Bangladesh (then East Pakistan) from Pakistan in 1971. The place was renamed Mujibnagar by the proclamation of independence, in honour of then imprisoned Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, who had declared Bangladesh independent. The actual capital of the government while in exile was Calcutta. A memorial complex covering 20.10 acres (8.13 ha) has been built at the site where the ministers of that first government took their oaths.
Qədimkənd
39°26′02″N 49°03′46″E﻿ / ﻿39.43389°N 49.06278°E﻿ / 39.43389; 49.06278

Qədimkənd (also, Gadimkend) is a village and municipality in the Neftchala District of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 2,320. The municipality consists of the villages of Gadimkend and Birinji Garaly.

Neftchala District
Neftchala District (Azerbaijani: Neftçala rayonu) is one of the 66 districts of Azerbaijan. It is located in the southeast of the country and belongs to the Shirvan-Salyan Economic Region. The district borders Jalilabad and Bilasuvar Districts to the west, Salyan District to the north, Lankaran and Masally Districts to the south, and Caspian Sea to the east. Its capital and the largest city is Neftchala. As of 2020, the district had a population of 88,900.
Boris Kobe
Boris Kobe (9 October 1905 – 3 May 1981) was a Slovene architect, painter, and designer.

Kobe was born in Ljubljana in 1905. He studied art at the Department of Architecture at what was then the University of Ljubljana Technical Faculty under Jože Plečnik and graduated in 1929. He married the anatomist Valentina Grošlj with whom he would have five children. During the Second World War he was imprisoned in the Allach concentration camp. After the war he worked as an architect, painter, and designer in Ljubljana. He died in 1981. In the early 1940s, he arranged the area around Tivoli Pond and the children's playground next to it.

Munich-Allach concentration camp
Munich-Allach concentration camp was a forced labour camp established by the Nazi Schutzstaffel (SS) in Allach-Untermenzing, a suburb of Munich in southern Germany, in 1943. It provided slave labour for nearby factories of BMW, Dyckerhoff, Sager & Woerner, Kirsch Sägemühle, Pumpel Lochhausen and Organisation Todt with up to 17,000 prisoners in 1945. More than 1,800 of them came to death. It was the largest sub-camp of the Dachau concentration camp system (see map on the right, red square). Another smaller subcamp Allach porcelain a.k.a. Porzellan Manufaktur Allach with about 40 prisoners produced porcelain artworks.
Roland Moreno
Roland Moreno (11 June 1945 – 29 April 2012) was a French inventor, engineer, humorist and author who was the inventor of the smart card. Moreno's smart card, or la carte à puce in French, was little known internationally. However, he became a national hero in France and was awarded the Légion d'Honneur in 2009.

France-Soir
France Soir (English: France Evening) was a French newspaper that prospered in physical format during the 1950s and 1960s, reaching a circulation of 1.5 million in the 1950s. It declined rapidly under various owners and was relaunched as a populist tabloid in 2006. However, the  company went bankrupt on 23 July 2012, before re-emerging as an online-only media in 2016. In 2020, according to NewsGuard, this media "fails to adhere to several basic journalistic standards".
French Society of Cinematographers
The French Society of Cinematographers (French: Association française des  directrices et directeurs de la photographie cinématographique), or the AFC for short, is France's foremost professional organization of French cinematographers. Founded in 1990 by Henri Alekan, Raoul Coutard, Alain Derobe, Pierre-William Glenn, and Georges Strouvé, who were soon joined by Eduardo Serra, Pierre Lhomme, and Robert Alazraki, the AFC today has 179 members.

The AFC receives financial support from the Centre national de la cinématographie, and is a co-founder of Imago, The European Federation of Cinematographers.

Its headquarters are located at 8, rue Francœur in the 18e arrondissement of Paris, next to the Fémis cinema academy.

Raoul Coutard
Raoul Coutard (16 September 1924 – 8 November 2016) was a French cinematographer. He is best known for his connection with the French New Wave (Nouvelle Vague) period and particularly for his work with director Jean-Luc Godard, which includes Breathless (1960), A Woman Is a Woman (1961), Vivre sa vie (1962), Bande à part (1964), Alphaville, Pierrot le Fou (both 1965), and Weekend (1967). Coutard also shot films for New Wave director François Truffaut—including Shoot the Piano Player (1960) and Jules and Jim (1962)—as well as Jacques Demy, another contemporary associated with the movement.

Coutard shot over 75 films during a career that lasted nearly half a century.
Decrease in DNA Methylation I
Decreased  DNA Methylation I (DDM1), is a plant gene that encodes a nucleosome remodeler which facilitates DNA methylation. The DDM1 gene has been described extensively in Arabidopsis thaliana and also in maize. The protein has been described to be similar to the SWI2/SNF2 chromatin remodeling proteins.

Since DNA methylation occurs mostly in transposable elements (TE), DDM1 is thought to be a crucial function in silencing TEs.

Transposable element
A transposable element (TE), also   transposon, jumping gene, or mobile genetic element, is a DNA sequence that can change its position, or translocate, within a genome. TEs were first identified via genetic studies in maize by Barbara McClintock, a discovery for which she was awarded the 1983 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

TEs are very common in all types of organisms in nature, including in plants and animals. As of 2008, there were at least two classes of TEs: Class I TEs or retrotransposons, which generally function via reverse transcription; and Class II TEs or DNA transposons, which encode the protein transposase (and sometimes other proteins), which they require for insertion, excision, or other TE functions.
Clematis potaninii
Clematis potaninii, the old man's beard, is a species of flowering plant in the family Ranunculaceae, native to Tibet and central China. A deciduous woody vine, in the wild it is found climbing on slopes and in forests, particularly forest edges, at elevations from 1,400 to 4,000 m (4,600 to 13,100 ft). Its cultivar 'Summer Snow', also known as 'Paul Farges', has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

Woodland edge
A woodland edge or forest edge is the transition zone (ecotone) from an area of woodland or forest to fields or other open spaces. Certain species of plants and animals are adapted to the forest edge, and these species are often more familiar to humans than species only found deeper within forests. A classic example of a forest edge species is the white-tailed deer in North America.
McConnell (surname)
McConnell or McConnel is an Irish and Scottish surname. It is derived from the Gaelic Mac Dhòmhnaill (see MacDonnell). Alternatively in Ireland, it may be derived from Mac Conaill meaning 'son of Conall', a given name composed of the elements con (from cú meaning 'hound') and gal (meaning 'valour').

Goidelic languages
The Goidelic (/ɡɔɪˈdɛlɪk/ goy-DEL-ik) or Gaelic languages (/ˈɡeɪlɪk/ GALE-ik; Irish: teangacha Gaelacha; Scottish Gaelic: cànanan Goidhealach; Manx: çhengaghyn Gaelgagh) form one of the two groups of Insular Celtic languages, the other being the Brittonic languages.

Goidelic languages historically formed a dialect continuum stretching from Ireland through the Isle of Man to Scotland. There are three modern Goidelic languages: Irish (Gaeilge), Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig), and Manx (Gaelg). Manx died out as a first language in the 20th century but has since been revived to some degree.
Salavatlı
Salavatlı (formerly:  Kurucular) is a neighbourhood of the municipality and district of Sultanhisar, Aydın Province, Turkey. Its population is 1,204 (2022). Before the 2013 reorganisation, it was a town (belde). It is situated to the north of Turkish state highway D.320 which connects Aydın to Sultanhisar. The distance to Sultanhisar is 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) and to Aydın is 30 kilometres (19 mi).

The settlement was founded in 1730 during Ottoman Empire era. In 1972 it was declared a seat of township.  Major economic activity is farming.  Main crops are figs, strawberries, olives, citrus and cotton. The ancient site of Acharaca is nearby.

2013 Turkish local government reorganisation
Municipalities (Turkish: belediyeler)  are the basic units of local government in Turkey.  According to the Turkish Statistical Institute the population of Turkey was 76,667,864 as of 31 December 2013. The majority of the population live in settlements with municipalities.  The number of municipalities in Turkey was 2,947 in 2009.  But in 2013, most of the small town (Turkish: belde) municipalities were merged to district (Turkish: ilçe) municipalities by the Act 6360 which came into effect at the 2014 local elections sharply decreased the number of municipalities to 1,394.