hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sociocultural linguistics
Sociocultural linguistics is a term used to encompass a broad range of theories and methods for the study of language in its sociocultural context.  Its growing use is a response to the increasingly narrow association of the term sociolinguistics with specific types of research involving the quantitative analysis of linguistic features and their correlation to sociological variables.  The term as it is currently used not only clarifies this distinction, but highlights an awareness of the necessity for transdisciplinary approaches to language, culture and society.

The scope of sociocultural linguistics, as described by researchers such as Kira Hall and Mary Bucholtz, is potentially vast, though often includes work drawing from disciplines such as sociolinguistics, linguistic anthropology, discourse analysis, and sociology of language, as well as certain streams of social psychology, folklore studies, media studies, social and literary theory, and the philosophy of language.

Media studies
Media studies is a discipline and field of study that deals with the content, history, and effects of various media; in particular, the mass media. Media studies may draw on traditions from both the social sciences and the humanities, but it mostly draws from its core disciplines of mass communication, communication, communication sciences, and communication studies.

Researchers may also develop and employ theories and methods from disciplines including cultural studies, rhetoric (including digital rhetoric), philosophy, literary theory, psychology, political science, political economy, economics, sociology, anthropology, social theory, art history and criticism, film theory, and information theory.
Op. 3
In music, Op. 3 stands for Opus number 3. Compositions that are assigned this number include:

Bach – Organ concerto

Beethoven – String Trio

Berg – String Quartet

Britten – A Boy Was Born

Chopin – Introduction and Polonaise brillante

Dvořák – Symphony No. 1 in C minor "The Bells of Zlonice"

Gottschalk – La Savane

Handel – Concerti Grossi, Op. 3

Haydn – String Quartets, Op. 3

Kreisler – Tambourin Chinois

Mendelssohn – Piano Quartet No. 3

Myaskovsky – Symphony No. 1

Rachmaninoff – Morceaux de fantaisie

Rachmaninoff – Prelude in C-sharp minor

Rautavaara – A Requiem in Our Time

Schumann – Etudes After Paganini Caprices

Sibelius – "Arioso", art song (1911)

Stamitz – Symphony in D major, Op. 3, No. 2

Strauss – Wiener Carneval

Stravinsky – Scherzo fantastique

Tchaikovsky – The Voyevoda

Vivaldi – L'estro armonico

Zemlinsky – Clarinet Trio

String Trio, Op. 3 (Beethoven)
The String Trio in E♭ major, Op. 3 (String Trio No. 1) is a composition by Ludwig van Beethoven, his first for string trio (violin, viola and cello).

It is a divertimento consisting of six movements, including two minuets. It may have been first sketched while Beethoven was still living in Bonn. It was published in 1797 by Artaria in Vienna.
Grays Creek (Missouri)
Grays Creek is a stream in Cole County in the U.S. state of Missouri. It is a tributary of the Missouri River. It flows into the Missouri River floodplain just northwest of Jefferson City.

The stream headwaters arise about two miles east of Centertown and one half mile north of US Route 50 at 38°37′02″N 92°21′52″W﻿ / ﻿38.61722°N 92.36444°W﻿ / 38.61722; -92.36444 and the stream flows to the east past the communities of Elston and Scott
to enter the Missouri floodplain at Cole Junction just prior to entering the Missouri at 38°36′11″N 92°12′21″W﻿ / ﻿38.60306°N 92.20583°W﻿ / 38.60306; -92.20583.

Grays Creek was named after the local Gray family.

Cole County, Missouri
Cole County is located in the central part of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, its population was 77,279. Its county seat and largest city is Jefferson City, the state capital. The county was organized November 16, 1820, and named after pioneer William Temple Cole who built Cole's Fort in Boonville.

Cole County is in the Jefferson City, MO Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is south of the Missouri River.

In 2010, the center of the population of Missouri was in Cole County, near the village of Wardsville.
Robert Cousins
Robert Cousins could refer to:

Robert Cousins (builder) (1863–1933), Scottish Australian builder

Robert G. Cousins (1859–1933), American politician

Robert J. Cousins (born 1941), American nutrition scientist

Robert K. Cousins, American playwright

Robert J. Cousins
Robert J. Cousins (born 1941) is an American nutritional biochemist who has researched the metabolism of heavy metals, especially zinc. 
He has served as president of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB) and the American Society for Nutrition (ASN).
He was recognized with membership in the National Academy of Sciences in 2000 and served as editor of the Annual Review of Nutrition for ten years.
Tanner Carrick
Tanner Carrick (born January 17, 2002) is an American racing driver who last competed part-time in the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series driving the No. 30 Toyota Tundra for On Point Motorsports. Carrick competes mostly in dirt track racing, being a 17-time USAC midget winner and being the 2017 USAC National Series Rookie of the Year. He began racing at 6 years old in karts. Carrick made his NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series debut with On Point Motorsports at the 2023 Weather Guard Truck Race on Dirt at Bristol Motor Speedway. Carrick later revealed he received the offer to race at Bristol dirt from a direct message he received on Instagram.

2023 Weather Guard Truck Race on Dirt
The 2023 Weather Guard Truck Race on Dirt was the 6th stock car race of the 2023 NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series, and the 3rd iteration of the event. The race was held on Saturday, April 8, 2023, at a dirt version of Bristol Motor Speedway in Bristol, Tennessee, a 0.553 miles (0.890 km) permanent oval-shaped short track. The race took the scheduled 150 laps to complete. In a wreck-filled race that brought numerous cautions, Joey Logano, driving for ThorSport Racing, would put on a dominating performance, winning both stages, leading 138 of the 150 laps, and earning his second career NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series win, along with his first of the season. To fill out the podium, Ty Majeski, driving for ThorSport Racing, and William Byron, driving for Kyle Busch Motorsports, would finish 2nd and 3rd, respectively.
Jeff Keeping
Jeff Keeping (born July 19, 1982) is a former professional offensive lineman/centre of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He was drafted by the Argonauts in the second round of the 2005 CFL draft. He played CIS football for the Western Ontario Mustangs. He also sits on the EMPWR Foundation board, aiding in concussion awareness and understanding. Jeff is also currently pursuing a career in Firefighting.

2005 CFL draft
The 2005 CFL draft took place on Thursday, April 28, 2005 at 11:30 AM ET. 53 players were chosen from among eligible players from Canadian Universities across the country, as well as Canadian players playing in the NCAA. Of the 53 draft selections, 33 players were drafted from Canadian Interuniversity Sport institutions.
Lespignan
Lespignan (French pronunciation: [lɛspiɲɑ̃]; Occitan: Lespinhan) is a commune in the Hérault département in the Occitanie region in southern France.

Experiencing a Mediterranean climate, it is drained by the Aude River and various other small streams. The commune boasts a remarkable natural heritage: three Natura 2000 sites (the "Lower Plain of the Aude," the "Lower Course of the Aude," and the "Hills of Narbonnais"), two protected areas (the "Lower Plain of the Aude and Collines d'Enserune" and the "Lower Plain of the Aude"), and eight natural areas of ecological, faunal, and floristic interest.

Lespignan is a rural commune with 3,355 inhabitants in 2022, having experienced a significant population increase since 1962. It is located within the Lespignan urban area and is part of the Béziers catchment area. Its inhabitants are called Lespignanais or Lespignanaises.

Occitania (administrative region)
Occitania (French: Occitanie [ɔksitani] ⓘ; Occitan: Occitània [utsiˈtanjɔ]; Catalan: Occitània [uksiˈtaniə]) is the southernmost administrative region of metropolitan France excluding Corsica, located in the south of the country, created on 1 January 2016 from the former regions of Languedoc-Roussillon and Midi-Pyrénées. The Council of State approved Occitania as the new name of the region on 28 September 2016, coming into effect on 30 September 2016.

The modern administrative region is named after the larger cultural and historical region of Occitania, which corresponds with the southern third of France. The region of Occitania as it is today covers a territory similar to that ruled by the Counts of Toulouse in the 12th and 13th centuries. The banner of arms of the Counts of Toulouse, known colloquially as the Occitan cross, is used by the modern region and is also a popular cultural symbol. In 2022, Occitania had a population of 6,080,731.
Saskatchewan Highway 968
Highway 968 is a provincial highway in the far north region of the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It serves local traffic around the northern town of Fond-du-Lac and the Fond du Lac Denesuline First Nation. It is about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) long and is not connected to any other highways except by a seasonal winter road.

Numbered highways in Canada
Numbered highways in Canada are split by province, and a majority are maintained by their province or territory transportation department. With few exceptions, all highways in Canada are numbered. Nonetheless, every province has a number of highways that are better known locally by their name rather than their number. Some highways have additional letters added to their number: A is typically an alternate route, B is typically a business route, and other letters are used for bypass (truck) routes, connector routes, scenic routes, and spur routes. The territory of Nunavut has no highways.
Saranga Disasekara
Saranga Disasekara (Sinhala: සාරංග දිසාසේකර) (born 31 January 1983) is a Sri Lankan actor, singer, model and a host by profession. Saranga was awarded the most popular television actor in Sri Lanka award at Sumathi Awards, Raigam Tele'es and SLIM-Nielsen Peoples Awards several times. Currently, he is hosting reality programme Hiru Star.

SLIM-Kantar Peoples Awards
SLIM-Kantar Peoples Awards (Sinhala: ස්ලිම්-කැන්ටාර් ජනතා සම්මාන)  is an award given to distinguished individuals involved with Sri Lanka's media brands and personalities each year. It is the joint work of Sri Lanka Institute of Marketing (SLIM) with Kantar Group, United Kingdom. The awards show is one of the most popular marketing program events in Sri Lanka.

The awardees are chosen solely by people's votes, through research conducted by Nielsen Sri Lanka. The awards were first introduced in 2006 and continued without interruptions.
Spinnerbait
A spinnerbait or spinner is any one of a family of hybrid fishing lures that combines the designs of a swimbait with one or more spoon lure blades. Spinnerbaits get the name from the action of the metallic blades, which passively revolve around the attachment point like a spinning propeller when the lure is in motion, creating varying degrees of vibration and flashing that mimic small fish or other preys of interest to large predatory fishes. The two most popular types of spinnerbaits are the in-line spinner and safety pin spinnerbait, though others such as the tail spinner also exist. Spinnerbaits are used principally for catching freshwater fishes such as perch, pike and bass.

Bass (fish)
Bass (/bæs/;pl.: bass) is a common name shared by many species of ray-finned fish from the large clade Percomorpha, mainly belonging to the orders Perciformes and Moroniformes, encompassing both freshwater and marine species. The word bass comes from Middle English bars, meaning "perch", despite that none of the commonly referred bass species belong to the perch family Percidae.
Nemenjiche River
The Nemenjiche River is a tributary of Obatogamau Lakes, flowing into the Regional County Municipality (RCM) of Eeyou Istchee Baie-James, into the administrative region of Nord-du-Québec, in the province of Quebec, in Canada. The course of the river crosses the townships of Robert, Rohault, Gamache and Dauversière.

The Eastern side of the Nemenjiche River hydrographic slope is accessible by a forest road (North-South direction) that separates from route 113 which links Lebel-sur-Quévillon to Chibougamau. The West side is served by the R1032 road that goes North to the South of Lake Fancamp.

The surface of the Nemenjiche River is usually frozen from early November to mid-May, however, safe ice circulation is generally from mid-November to mid-April.

Nord-du-Québec
Nord-du-Québec (French pronunciation: [nɔʁ d͜zy kebɛk]; English: Northern Quebec) is the largest, but the least populous, of the seventeen administrative regions of Quebec, Canada.

Spread over nearly 14 degrees of latitude, north of the 49th parallel, the region covers 860,692 km2 (332,315 sq mi) on the Labrador Peninsula, making it larger than Alberta, and slightly smaller than British Columbia or Ontario. It is just over half of the province's total land area.
Instituto Privado Argentino-Japonés
Instituto Privado Argentino-Japonés (IPAJ), also known as Nichia Gakuin (日亜学院), is a bilingual Spanish-Japanese elementary and middle school in Buenos Aires. It is the only school permitted by the Argentine Ministry of Education to require students to take Japanese, and it is the only bilingual Spanish-Japanese school in Buenos Aires. Its campus is located at Yatay 261 and Pringles 268 (two addresses for the same building) in the Almagro neighbourhood.

Ricardo Braginski of Clarín wrote that the school represented the community of Japanese descent in Buenos Aires.

Clarín (Argentine newspaper)
Clarín (Spanish pronunciation: [klaˈɾin], lit. 'Bugle') is the largest newspaper in Argentina and the second most circulated in the Spanish-speaking world. It was founded by Roberto Noble in 1945, published by the Clarín Group.

For many years, its director was Ernestina Herrera de Noble, the founder's wife.

Clarín is part of Periódicos Asociados Latinoamericanos (Latin American Newspaper Association), an organization of fourteen leading newspapers in South America.
James Blanco
James Blanco Castillo (born June 15, 1981), known professionally as James Blanco, is a Filipino actor. He is known for his roles in Ikaw Lang ang Mamahalin (2001 – 2002), Rubi (2010), Lorenzo's Time (2012), One More Chance (2007), Now and Forever: Ganti (2005) and in the 2014 GMA afternoon primetime Yagit as Victor Guison. Blanco was also notable for his roles in the youth oriented shows Click (1999 – 2002) and Kahit Kailan (2002 – 2003), both on GMA Network.

Kahit Kailan
Kahit Kailan (transl. anytime / international title: Always) is a Philippine television drama romance series broadcast by GMA Network. Directed by Ruel S. Bayani, it stars Jolina Magdangal. It premiered on May 5, 2002. The series concluded on July 6, 2003, with a total of 62 episodes.
Rhododendron williamsianum
Rhododendron williamsianum (Chinese: 圆叶杜鹃; pinyin: yuányè dùjuān), the Williams rhododendron, is a species of flowering plant in the heath family Ericaceae. It is native to forested slopes at 1,800–2,800 m (5,900–9,200 ft) in western Guizhou, southwestern Sichuan, southeastern Xizang and northeastern Yunnan in southern and western China.

Growing to 1.5 m (4.9 ft) tall and broad, it is a compact evergreen shrub with rounded matt green leaves and rose pink bell-shaped flowers in spring.

In cultivation in the UK, Rhododendron williamsianum has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. It is hardy down to −15 °C (5 °F) but like most rhododendron species requires a sheltered position in dappled shade with acid soil that has been enriched with leaf mould.

The name williamsianum is in honour of the Cornish plantsman John Charles Williams, who developed many shrubs and trees of importance to horticulture.

Leaf mold
Leaf mold (spelled leaf mould outside of the United States) is the compost produced by decomposition of shaded deciduous shrub and tree leaves, primarily by fungal breakdown in a slower, cooler manner as opposed to the bacterial degradation of leaves.
Battle of Kruty
The Battle of Kruty (Ukrainian: Бій під Крутами, romanized: Bii pid Krutamy) took place on January 29 or 30, 1918, near Kruty railway station (today the village of Pamiatne, Nizhyn Raion, Chernihiv Oblast), about 130 kilometres (81 miles) northeast of Kiev, Ukraine, which at the time was part of Nizhyn Povit of Chernihiv Governorate.

The battle involved a numerically inferior force composed of military cadets and parts of the Ukrainian People's Army, which managed to postpone the Bolshevik advance on Kyiv at the cost of huge losses in its own ranks. This allowed the Ukrainian delegation to win time at the peace negotiations in Brest. The battle became a moral symbol of sacrifice brought by Ukrainian youth in defence of their country.

Nizhyn Raion
Nizhyn Raion  (Ukrainian: Ніжинський район) is a raion (district) of Chernihiv Oblast, northern Ukraine. Its administrative centre is located at Nizhyn. The area of Nizhyn Raion is located within the Dnieper Lowland, in Polissya. The leading sectors of the Nizhyn Raion economy are agriculture, food industry, and forestry. Population: 215,908 (2022 estimate).
Berlin Ostkreuz station
Berlin Ostkreuz station (German: Bahnhof Berlin Ostkreuz) (literally "Berlin East Cross") is a station on the Berlin S-Bahn suburban railway and the busiest interchange station in Berlin. It is in the former East Berlin district of Friedrichshain, now part of the borough of Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg. A smaller part of the station is in Rummelsburg, part of the borough of Lichtenberg. The station is a Turmbahnhof ("tower station", i.e., a two-level interchange) with the Berlin–Frankfurt (Oder) railway ("Lower Silesian–March Railway") and the Prussian Eastern Railway on the lower level and the Berlin Ringbahn on the upper level. It is used by a total of around 235,000 passengers every day on eight lines, entering or leaving.

The station was completely reconstructed from 2006 to December 2018 while operations continued. In the past it was exclusively used as a Berlin S-Bahn station, but it is now also a stopping point for regional services. This station is open 24/7.

Lichtenberg, Berlin
Lichtenberg (German: [ˈlɪçtn̩ˌbɛʁk] ⓘ) is the eleventh borough of Berlin, Germany. In Berlin's 2001 administrative reform it absorbed the former borough of Hohenschönhausen.

The borough was formerly part of East Berlin.
The Lane Halt railway station
The Lane Halt or Chanters Lane was a minor railway station or halt/request stop in north Devon, close to Bideford, on the Bideford, Westward Ho! and Appledore Railway, serving the outskirts of the town. It lay 0 miles 55 chains (1.1 km) from Bideford Quay.

North Devon
North Devon is a local government district in Devon, England. Its council is based just outside Barnstaple, the district's largest town. The district also includes the towns of Ilfracombe, Lynton and Lynmouth and South Molton along with numerous villages, seaside resorts and surrounding rural areas.

The east of the district includes part of the Exmoor National Park, and the district's coast is also recognised for its natural beauty, forming part of the North Devon Coast, an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

The district borders Torridge to the south-west, Mid Devon to the south-east, and the neighbouring county of Somerset to the east.

The term "North Devon" can also be used to describe a wider geographic area than the local government district, often including neighbouring Torridge District, based in Bideford.
Kiik (surname)
Kiik is an Estonian language surname meaning "swing". As of 1 January 2021, 219 men and 223 women in Estonia have the surname Kiik. Kiik ranks 252nd for men and 286th for women in the distribution of surnames in the country. The surname Kiik is the most common in Jõgeva County, where 8.85 per 10,000 inhabitants of the county bear the surname.

Notable people bearing the surname Kiik include:

Heino Kiik (1927–2013), writer

Kaia Kiik (born 1973), artist and curator

Kalle Kiik (born 1963), chess player

Tanel Kiik (born 1989), politician

Jõgeva County
Jõgeva County (Estonian: Jõgeva maakond or Jõgevamaa) is one of 15 counties of Estonia. It is located in the eastern part of the country, and it borders Ida-Viru County to the northeast, Lake Peipus to the east, Tartu County to the south, Viljandi County to the southwest, Järva County to the northwest, and Lääne-Viru County to the north.
Jimmy Reel
James Reel was an American Negro league outfielder in the 1920s.

Reel played for the Toledo Tigers in 1923. In four recorded games, he posted three hits in 14 plate appearances. Reel was also reportedly "a professional singer with a beautiful voice and style that were similar to those of Billy Eckstine."

He later played center field and managed for the Toledo Travelers in the late 1920s and the 400 A.C. club in 1930.

Center fielder
A center fielder, abbreviated CF, is the outfielder in baseball who plays defense in center field – the baseball and softball fielding position between left field and right field. In the numbering system used to record defensive plays, the center fielder is assigned the number 8.
Sham Lal Choudhary
Sham Lal Choudhary is an Indian politician and member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. He was a cabinet minister in the BJP-PDP Coalition Government in the state of Jammu and Kashmir and is now the current bjp vice president.

Choudhary rapidly rose in politics. Hailing from the Dev Batala village of Bhimber Tehsil in what is now the Pakistani administered territory of Azad Kashmir, he migrated to the border village of Chakroi in Ranbir Singh Pura. He represented the border constituency of   Suchetgarh in the Jammu district, in the Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly.

Ranbir Singh Pora–Jammu South Assembly constituency
Ranbir Singh Pora–Jammu South Assembly constituency is one of the 90 constituencies in the Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir a north state of India. Ranbir Singh Pora is also part of Jammu Lok Sabha constituency.
Integris Health
Integris Health (stylized INTEGRIS Health) is an American 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization which manages health care facilities in the state of Oklahoma. Through affiliates Integris Health Inc. operates 16 hospitals and has health providers in 49 Oklahoma towns and cities. The Integris facilities include hospitals, rehabilitation centers, physician clinics, pharmacies, mental health facilities, independent living centers, and home health agencies, located throughout Oklahoma.

Not-for-profit organization
A not-for-profit organisation (NFPO) is a legal entity that does not distribute surplus funds to its members and is formed to fulfill specific objectives.

While not-for-profit organizations and nonprofit organizations (NPO) are distinct legal entities, the terms are sometimes used interchangeably. An NFPO must be differentiated from a NPO as they are not formed explicitly for the public good as an NPO must be, and NFPOs are considered "recreational organizations", meaning that they do not operate with the goal of generating revenue as opposed to NPOs.
Yvan Aumont
Yvan Aumont (French: [ivɑ̃ omɔ̃]; 19 May 1938 – 1 January 2026) was a French journalist and engineer.

A supporter of royalism in France, he worked for Lys rouge and the Royaliste and was active with the Nouvelle Action Royaliste.

Aumont died on 1 January 2026, at the age of 87.

Lys rouge
Lys rouge, "Quarterly journal of royalist studies", was a quarterly monarchist French magazine established in Paris in 1976 and discontinued in 2006. The publisher was Yvan Aumont and the editor-in-chief Jean-Philippe Chauvin. The magazine focused on the  history of French royalism, on the action of monarchists in other countries, and on the debates about the political positions of the movement.