hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Golden Head statues
From 25 January 2020, a set of concrete, gold-painted guerrilla artwork statues of heads were placed at the summit of All Nations Park in Northcote, Victoria in Melbourne, Australia. Their artists are unknown, though a post-hoc, anonymous and confidential artist's statement was given to Darebin Council to justify their inclusion in the park.

Golden Head was the first of these statues, placed on the eve of Australia Day 2020. A local Facebook group about the nearby shopping mall, the Northcote Plaza Appreciation Society, adopted the statue as a central figure and coined its name. The statue fell over on 6 February and was removed by Darebin Council. This was followed by the placement of the more sturdy Golden Head II on 14 March, which was itself removed by the council the next day due to its unauthorised status. The original statue was reinstalled on 26 June after the anonymous artists engaged in an email dialogue with the council, with a local resident acting as an intermediary.

Artist's statement
An artist's statement (or artist statement) is an artist's written description of their work. The brief text is for, and in support of, their own work to give the viewer understanding. As such it aims to inform, connect with an art context, and present the basis for the work; it is, therefore, didactic, descriptive, or reflective in nature.
Osage Treaty (1825)
The Osage Treaty (also known as the Treaty with the Osage) was signed in St. Louis, Missouri, on June 2, 1825, between William Clark on behalf of the United States and members of the Osage Nation. It contained 14 articles. Pursuant to the most important terms, the Osage ceded multiple territories to the United States government. According to the first article of the treaty, the territories ceded entailed lands lying within and west of both the State of Missouri and the Territory of Arkansas, lands lying north and west of the Red River, all territories south and east of the Kansas River, and all lands located through the Rock Saline. The accord was proclaimed on December 30, 1825.

Arkansas Territory
The Arkansas Territory was a territory of the United States from July 4, 1819, to June 15, 1836, when the final extent of Arkansas Territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Arkansas. Arkansas Post was the first territorial capital (1819–1821) and Little Rock was the second (1821–1836).
Embassy of the Blessed Kingdom of God for All Nations
Embassy of the Blessed Kingdom of God for All Nations (also known as Embassy of God) is an Evangelical Christian Charismatic megachurch, denomination, and parachurch organization headquartered in Kyiv, Ukraine. The senior pastor is Sunday Adelaja.

Megachurch
A megachurch is a church with a very large membership. Most megachurches offer a variety of educational and social activities and are evangelical, although the term "evangelical" usually denotes a type of organization, not a denomination. Megachurches are generally defined as any (typically Protestant) Christian church that on average draws 2,000 or more people per week.

The first megachurch was established in London in 1861. More emerged in the 20th century, especially in the United States, and expanded rapidly through the 1980s and 1990s. In the 21st century, megachurches became widespread in the United States and a growing phenomenon in several African countries and Australia. In the late 2000s and early 2010s, they shifted away from traditional architecture, with many newer ones having stadium-type seating; some, such as Lakewood Church, are even based in former or active arenas.
Francesco Novello da Carrara
Francesco II da Carrara (19 May 1359 – 16 January 1406), known as Francesco il Novello ('Francesco the Younger'), was Lord of Padua after his father, Francesco I il Vecchio, renounced the lordship on 29 June 1388; he was a member of the family of Carraresi.  He married Taddea, daughter of Niccolò II d'Este, Lord of Modena.

He fought in the Battle of Castagnaro (1387) for Padua.

He was executed by Venetian officials after his capture during the war between Venice and Padua (see War of Padua). Burckhardt writes: "when the last Carrara could no longer defend the walls and gates of the plague-stricken Padua, hemmed in on all sides by the Venetians, the soldiers of the guard heard him cry to the devil 'to come and kill him.'" His sons Francesco and Giacomo who had also been captured were executed the following day. 
In Francesco's extensive familia, or ducal household, the painter Cennino Cennini imbibed the humanist culture expressed in his celebrated Libro dell'arte.

Medieval household
The medieval household was, like modern households, the center of family life for all classes of European society. Yet in contrast to the household of today, it consisted of many more individuals than the nuclear family. From the household of the king to the humblest peasant dwelling, more or less distant relatives and varying numbers of servants and dependents would cohabit with the master of the house and his immediate family. The structure of the medieval household was largely dissolved by the advent of privacy in early modern Europe.

Variations were immense over an entire continent and a time span of about 1,000 years. However, it is still possible to speak of a classical model of the medieval household, particularly as it evolved in Carolingian France and from there spread over great parts of Europe.
An Hyo-ju
An Hyo-ju (Korean: 안효주, born 25 November 1987) is a South Korean field hockey player. She competed for the South Korea women's national field hockey team at the 2016 Summer Olympics.

She won a gold medal as a member of the South Korean team at 2014 Asian Games.

South Korea women's national field hockey team
The South Korea women's national field hockey team (recognized as Korea by FIH) represents the South Korea. The team has participated in every Summer Olympic Games since 1988 and have won silver twice: at the 1988 Seoul Summer Olympics and at the 1996 Atlanta Summer Olympics. They won the gold medal at the 1989 Women's Hockey Champions Trophy and the bronze medal at the 1990 Women's Hockey World Cup.
Antoñito (footballer, born 1987)
Antonio Jesús Regal Angulo (born 11 December 1987), commonly known as Antoñito, is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as either a right-back or a midfielder for Tercera Federación club El Palo.

Tercera Federación
Tercera Federación, previously known as Tercera RFEF, is the fifth tier of the Spanish football league system. It is below the La Liga, Segunda División, and its fellow semi-professional divisions Primera Federación and Segunda Federación. It was founded in 1929 as the third tier, and dropped down to the fourth and fifth tiers in 1977 and 2021, respectively.
Welkait question
The Welkait question involves a controversial territorial dispute surrounding the Ethiopian area Welkait, which is situated in the present-day Tigray Region. Welkait had been an independent area but was incorporated within Begmeder province. After the Derg regime collapsed in 1991, the area was given by the TPLF government to Tigray's Western Zone.

On 19 April 2018, Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed convened the Tigray and Welkait Committee counterparts in Gondar. Abiy pleaded the matter would resolved peacefully.

Prosperity Party
The Prosperity Party (Amharic: ብልጽግና ፓርቲ, romanized: Bilits’igina Paritī; Oromo: Paartii Badhaadhiinaa) is a political party in Ethiopia that was established on 1 December 2019 as a successor to the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front by Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed. It is currently the ruling party of Ethiopia.

The merger into a countrywide party is part of Abiy's general policy of distancing the country's politics from ethnic federalism. The party ran for the first time in the 2021 general election.
Mohammed First University
Mohamed First University, Oujda, Morocco, was founded in 1978 (1978). The university has more than 21,200 students (2007) on the sites of Oujda and Nador (and Al Hoceima since 2008). It has 590 professors and 440 personal and technical staff.

Al Hoceima
Al Hoceima (Arabic: الحسيمة, romanized: al-Ḥusayma) is a city in the north of Morocco, on the northern edge of the Rif Mountains and on the Mediterranean coast. It is the capital city of the Al Hoceima Province. The city is a known tourist destination despite its small size. It has a population of about 50,225 (2024 census).

Al Hoceima is distinguished by its pristine sandy beaches such as Cala Iris, Bades, Quemado, and Tala Youssef, as well as its mountainous rocky terrain.
2004–05 Danish Cup
The 2004–05 Danish Cup was the 51st season of the Danish Cup. The first round was played on about 28 July 2004 and the final was played on 5 May 2005.

Brøndby IF ended as cup winner, but as they also won the Danish Superliga, the UEFA Cup-spot went to the cup runner-up FC Midtjylland.

2003–04 Danish 1st Division
The 2003–04 Danish 1st Division season was the 59th season of the Danish 1st Division league championship and the 18th consecutive as a second tier competition governed by the Danish Football Association.

The division-champion and runner-up promoted to the 2004–05 Danish Superliga. The teams in the 14th, 15th and 16th relegated to the 2004–05 Danish 2nd Division.
Heather Deal
Heather Deal is a Canadian biologist and politician. She served as a Vancouver city councillor until 2018, first elected as a member of Vision Vancouver in 2005. She previously served as a Vancouver Park Board commissioner for the 2002 to 2005 term as a member of Coalition of Progressive Electors.

Vancouver Park Board
The Vancouver Board of Parks and Recreation, commonly referred to as the Vancouver Park Board, is the elected board with exclusive possession, jurisdiction and control over public parks in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

Established by an 1889 amendment to the Vancouver Incorporation Act, 1886 (later the Vancouver Charter), has seven elected commissioners who are charged with determining the policy direction of the body. The board has a mandate to "provide, preserve and advocate... to benefit people, communities and the environment". Commissioners are elected at-large every four years, with a chair and vice-chair elected by the commissioners every year. Vancouver is the only major city in Canada with an elected park board, although Cultus Lake, British Columbia, also has an elected board.
Our Man Crichton
Our Man Crichton is a musical play based on The Admirable Crichton by J. M. Barrie, with book and lyrics by Herbert Kretzmer and music by David Lee. It opened in Manchester and then London at the end of 1964.

Millicent Martin
Millicent Mary Lillian Martin (born 8 June 1934) is an English actress, singer, and comedian. She was the singer of topical songs on the weekly BBC Television satirical show That Was the Week That Was (known as TW3; 1962–1963), and won a BAFTA TV Award in 1964. For her work on Broadway, she received Tony Award nominations for Side by Side by Sondheim (1977) and King of Hearts (1978), both for Best Featured Actress in a Musical. Other television roles include her recurring role as Gertrude Moon in the NBC sitcom Frasier (2000–04) and Joan Margaret in Grace & Frankie (2017–2022).
Bogardus
Bogardus is the surname of:

Abraham Bogardus (1822–1908), American daguerreotypist and photographer

Adam Bogardus (1834–1913), American trap shooter

Charles Bogardus (1841–1929), American politician, Union Army colonel, farmer and businessman

Edgar Bogardus (1927–1958), American poet

Elizabeth Carter Bogardus (1895–1928) Hawaiian and American founder of the Junior League of Honolulu

Emory S. Bogardus (1882–1973), American sociologist

Everardus Bogardus (1607–1647), Dutch Reformed Church clergyman in the New Netherland (North America)

James Bogardus (1800–1874), American inventor and architect

Robert Bogardus (1771–1841), American politician and general

Rose Bogardus (fl. 1987–?), American politician

Stephen Bogardus (born 1954), American actor

Everardus Bogardus
Everardus Bogardus (27 July 1607 – 27 September 1647) was the dominie of the New Netherlands, and was the second minister of the Dutch Reformed Church, the oldest established church in present-day New York, which was then located on Pearl Street at its first location built in 1633, the year of his arrival. Bogardus was, in fact, the second clergyman in all of the New Netherlands. (The slightly obscure early history of the Dutch colony meant that he was often considered the first clergyman.)
Saproamanita nauseosa
Saproamanita nauseosa is a species of agaric fungus in the family Amanitaceae. First described by English mycologist Elsie Maud Wakefield in 1918 as a species of Lepiota, it was named for its nauseating odor. The type specimen was found growing on soil in the Nepenthes greenhouse at Kew Gardens. Derek Reid transferred the species to Amanita in 1966, and then in 2016 the separate genus Saproamanita was created by Redhead et al. for saprophytic Amanitas and it was transferred to this new genus.

The fungus is found in Australia and the Caribbean region of North America.

Agaric
An agaric (/ˈæɡərɪk, əˈɡærɪk/) is a type of fungal fruiting body characterized by the presence of a pileus (cap) that is clearly differentiated from the stipe (stalk), with lamellae (gills) on the underside of the pileus. It is a type of mushroom (or toadstool), the diverse group of agarics being lumped together as gilled mushrooms. "Agaric" can also refer more generally to any basidiomycete species characterized by an agaric-type fruiting body.
Gerard Macklin
Gerard Macklin (c.1767 – 9 August 1848) was the president of the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) in 1806.

According to Sir Charles Cameron, Macklin "was born about the year 1767. He was indentured for seven years on the 1st of August, 1784, to Surgeon R. Daniel, of 43 South King-street. On the 4th November, 1791, he was admitted a licentiate of The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland,  and was elected a member on the 22nd of the following month. In 1795 he was appointed Surgeon to Simpson's Hospital, and the following year became connected with Mercer's Hospital as Assistant-Surgeon, and subsequently was promoted to be Surgeon. He was also Surgeon to the Dublin General Dispensary. On the 22nd October, 1806, he was appointed State Surgeon (page 106). He died on the 9th August, 1848, at Lake Park, County of Wicklow, at the age of eighty-one. Macklin had a large practice, and was considered to be an expert lithotomist."

Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) is a not-for-profit medical professional and educational institution, which is also known as RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences. It was established in 1784 as the national body for the surgical branch of medicine in Ireland, with a role in supervision of training, and as of 2021 provides a broad range of medical education in multiple countries.

RCSI's main campus is situated on St. Stephen's Green and York Street in central Dublin and incorporates schools of medicine, pharmacy and biomolecular sciences, physiotherapy, population health, dentistry and nursing and midwifery.  It offers undergraduate and postgraduate education in a number of healthcare fields.

RCSI was ranked first in the world for SDG3 Good Health and Well-being in the Times Higher Education Impact Rankings 2025.
Battle of Zitlala
The Battle of Zitlala took place during the War of Mexican Independence on 4 July 1812 in the outskirts of Zitlala, Guerrero. The battle was fought between the royalist forces loyal to the Spanish crown, and the Mexican rebels fighting for independence from the Spanish Empire. The battle resulted in a victory for the Mexican rebels.

Tixtla
Tixtla (formally, Tixtla de Guerrero) (Spanish: [ˈtiɣstla ðe ɣeˈreɾo], Nahuatl: [ˈtiʃt͡ɬa]) is a town and seat of the municipality of Tixtla de Guerrero in the Mexican state of Guerrero. 
The name is Nahuatl, and means either "maize dough" (masa) from textli; "our valley" from to  ixtla; or "temple by the water" from teoixtlen.
Sacramento River National Wildlife Refuge
Sacramento River National Wildlife Refuge is located along the Sacramento River in the Sacramento Valley of California. Landscape is very flat, bordered by the Sierra and Coast ranges, with intensive agriculture (rice, with walnut, almond, and prune orchards along the river). This riparian community is one of the most important wildlife habitats in California and North America.

The refuge is currently in an active acquisition phase, and includes the Llano Seco Unit. Large-scale riparian habitat restoration is ongoing. Riparian habitat along the Sacramento River is critically important for various threatened species, fisheries, migratory birds, plants, and the natural system of the river itself.

Prune
A prune is a dried plum, most commonly from the European plum (Prunus domestica) tree. Not all plum species or varieties can be dried into prunes. Use of the term prune for fresh plums is obsolete except when applied to varieties of plum grown for drying. In this usage, a prune is the firm-fleshed plum fruit of P. domestica varieties that have a high soluble solids content and do not ferment during drying.

Most prunes are freestone cultivars (i.e., the pit is easy to remove), whereas most plums grown for fresh consumption are clingstone (the pit is more difficult to remove). The sorbitol content of dietary fiber likely provides the laxative effect associated with consuming prunes. Prunes are 64% carbohydrates, including dietary fiber, 2% protein, a rich source of vitamin K, and a moderate source of B vitamins and dietary minerals.
2022 Brawo Open – Doubles
Szymon Walków and Jan Zieliński were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Marcelo Demoliner and Jan-Lennard Struff won the title after defeating Roman Jebavý and Adam Pavlásek 6–4, 7–5 in the final.

Marcelo Demoliner
Marcelo Fedrizzi Demoliner (born 18 January 1989) is a Brazilian professional tennis player, who specializes in doubles. He reached a career-high doubles ranking of world No. 34 in November 2017. Demoliner has won five doubles titles.

He won his first title at the ATP 250 Antalya Open with Santiago González in June 2018, after having reached six finals at that level. He was runner-up at the ATP 500 Vienna in 2018 and Saint Petersburg in 2020.

Alongside Maria José Martinez Sanchez, he was a mixed doubles semifinalist in 2017 Wimbledon Championships and 2018 Australian Open.
Man in the River
Man in the River (German: Der Mann im Strom) is a 1958 West German drama film directed by Eugen York and starring Hans Albers, Gina Albert and Helmut Schmid. It was one of the final appearances of the veteran star Albers.

It was shot at the Spandau Studios in Berlin. The film's sets were designed by the art director Herbert Kirchhoff.

Spandau Studios
The Spandau Studios or CCC Studios were film and television studios located in Spandau, a suburb of Berlin. They were established in 1949 following the Second World War by the producer Artur Brauner controller of CCC Films, on the site of a former factory. Following the Soviet occupation of East Germany, most of the major film studios in the capital were, with the exception of the Tempelhof Studios, located in East Berlin until Brauner opened his own studios.

Brauner produced a number of popular genre films over the following decades, including several remakes of Weimar era hits. Space was also rented out to other firms, and the 1960s saw the series of Edgar Wallace films made at Spandau by Rialto Film.
Wild Rice River (North Dakota)
The Wild Rice River is a tributary of the Red River of the North, approximately 251 miles (404 km) long, in southeastern North Dakota in the United States. Via the Red River, Lake Winnipeg, and the Nelson River, it is part of the watershed of Hudson Bay. The Wild Rice River drains an area of 2,233 square miles (5,780 km2) in the Red River Valley region. Its tributaries also drain a small part of northeastern South Dakota. Despite its length, it is a fairly small stream, flowing at an average rate of approximately 100 cubic feet per second (2.8 m3/s).

The river was so named for the former abundance of wild rice along its course.

Cubic foot
The cubic foot (symbol ft3 or cu ft) is an imperial and US customary (non-metric) unit of volume, used in the United States and the United Kingdom. It is defined as the volume of a cube with sides of one foot (0.3048 m) in length, or exactly 28.316846592 L (which is about 1% off of ⁠1/35⁠ of a cubic metre, making that a suitable approximation in many cases).
Obama Domain Battery Sites
The Obama Domain Battery (小浜藩台場跡, Obama-han Hōdai-ato) was a series of 30 Bakumatsu period coastal artillery battery sites erected by Obama Domain on the Sea of Japan coast along what is now the coasts of the city of Obama and town of Ōi in the Hokuriku region of northern Japan. The ruins of these fortifications were collectively designated a National Historic Site in 2001.

Obama, Fukui
Obama (Japanese: 小浜市, Hepburn: Obama-shi; lit. 'small beach') is a city located in Fukui Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 August 2018,  the city had an estimated population of 29,435 in 12,057 households and a population density of 240 persons per km2 (327/sq mi). The total area of the city was 233.09 square kilometres (90 sq mi).
Army of New Mexico
The Army of New Mexico, also known as the Sibley Brigade, was a small Confederate field army in the American Civil War. It operated in Confederate Arizona and New Mexico Territory during the New Mexico Campaign in late 1861 and early 1862, before it was transferred to Louisiana. At first the force was tasked with securing Confederate Arizona's forts, most of which were still in Union hands. John R. Baylor had already established the Confederate Territory of Arizona after the First Battle of Mesilla in 1861. Now the goal was to capture the remaining U.S. held forts in Confederate Arizona and to invade New Mexico Territory. The army also hoped to capture the mines of Colorado and California, to secure gold and silver supplies to finance the Confederate war effort. Ultimately, the Confederate plans were thwarted at the Battle of Glorieta Pass.

First Battle of Mesilla
The First Battle of Mesilla was fought on July 25, 1861, at Mesilla in New Mexico Territory, in present-day Doña Ana County, New Mexico.

It was an engagement between Confederate and Union forces during the American Civil War. The battle resulted in a Confederate victory and led directly to the establishing of a Confederate Arizona Territory, consisting of the southern portion of the New Mexico Territory. The victory paved the way for the Confederate New Mexico Campaign the following year.
Ivan Banjavčić
Ivan Banjavčić (May 29, 1843 - October 7, 1913) was a Croatian politician and philanthropist.

Born in Barilović, Banjavčić became a fervent follower of Ante Starčević of the Croatian Party of Rights and acted as the leader of the party in Karlovac. His law firm, at which the writer Ante Kovačić also worked for a period, contributed to the party's work for over three decade.

From 1877 to 1906 he was Karlovac's representative in the Croatian Parliament (Sabor) as a member of the Party of Rights. Banjavčić was also the first mayor of the enlarged city of Karlovac after municipalities of Banija and Švarča were unified to it. During his time as mayor the city received an electric power plant on the Kupa river near Ozalj. A modern waterworks were created, as well as a sewer system.

Banjavčić died in Heidelberg, Germany in 1913, leaving his entire estate to Matica hrvatska.

Kupa
The Kupa (Croatian pronunciation: [kûpa]) or Kolpa (Slovene pronunciation: [ˈkóːlpa] or [ˈkóːwpa]; from Latin: Colapis in Roman times; Hungarian: Kulpa) river, a right tributary of the Sava, forms a natural border between north-west Croatia and southeast Slovenia. It is 297 kilometres (185 miles) long, with a length of 118 km (73 mi) serving as the border between Croatia and Slovenia and the rest located in Croatia.