hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fragmentation (medicine)
In medicine, fragmentation is an operation that breaks of solid matter in a body part into pieces. Physical force (e.g., manual force, ultrasonic force), applied directly or indirectly through intervening body parts, are used to break down the solid matter into pieces. The solid matter may be an abnormal  by-product of a biological function, or a foreign body. The pieces of solid matter are not taken out, but are eliminated or absorbed through normal biological functions. Examples would be the fragmentation of kidney and urinary bladder stones (nephrolithiasis and urolithiasis, respectively) by shock-wave lithotripsy, laser lithotripsy, or transurethral lithotripsy.

The code for fragmentation in ICD-10-PCS is 0FF.

Bladder
The bladder (from Old English  blædre 'bladder, blister, pimple') is a hollow organ in humans and other vertebrates that stores urine from the kidneys. In placental mammals, urine enters the bladder via the ureters and exits via the urethra during urination. In humans, the bladder is a distensible organ that sits on the pelvic floor. The typical adult human bladder will hold between 300 and 500 ml (10 and 17 fl oz) before the urge to empty occurs, but can hold considerably more.

The Latin phrase for "urinary bladder" is vesica urinaria, and the term vesical or prefix vesico- appear in connection with associated structures such as vesical veins. The modern Latin word for "bladder" – cystis – appears in associated terms such as cystitis (inflammation of the bladder).
Collectin
Collectins, col-lectins, (collagen-containing C-type lectins) are a part of the innate immune system. They form a sub-family of collagenous Ca2+-dependent lectins of the family of C-type lectins, which are found in animals. Collectins are soluble pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Their function is to bind to oligosaccharide structure or lipids that are on the surface of microorganisms. Like other PRRs they bind pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) of oligosaccharide origin. Binding of collectins to microorganisms may trigger elimination of microorganisms by aggregation, complement activation, opsonization, activation of phagocytosis, or inhibition of microbial growth. Other functions of collectins are modulation of inflammatory, allergic responses, adaptive immune system and clearance of apoptotic cells.

Phagocytosis
Phagocytosis (from Ancient Greek  φαγεῖν (phagein) 'to eat' and  κύτος (kytos) 'cell') is the process by which a cell uses its plasma membrane to engulf a large particle (≥ 0.5 μm), giving rise to an internal compartment called the phagosome.  It is one type of endocytosis. A cell that performs phagocytosis is called a phagocyte.

In a multicellular organism's immune system, phagocytosis is a major mechanism used to remove pathogens and cell debris. The ingested material is then digested in the phagosome. Bacteria, dead tissue cells, and small mineral particles are all examples of objects that may be phagocytized. Some protozoa use phagocytosis as means to obtain nutrients. The two main cells that do this are the Macrophages and the Neutrophils of the immune system.

Where phagocytosis is used as a means of feeding and provides the organism part or all of its nourishment, it is called phagotrophy and is distinguished from osmotrophy, which is nutrition taking place by absorption.
José Delgado (journalist)
José Delgado (born in Manta, Manabí, Ecuador on March 14, 1966) is an Ecuadorian journalist who worked in the news show Primer Impacto Ecuadorian version on Gamavisión, for hosting and producing the show En Carne Propia for more than a decade and recently Directo al grano on Canal Uno and currently on TC Televisión.

TC Televisión
TC Televisión is a state-run television channel in Ecuador. The network was founded in 1969 and was commercially-funded for many years until 2011 when Grupo Iasaías went into a lawsuit and was sold to a state government unit, Since then the channel has been owned by SERTVSA (Sistema Ecuatoriano de Radio y Televisión) despite a local court ruling that the Isaías brothers return all of their assets from the government.
Elpida Hadzi-Vasileva
Elpida Hadzi-Vasileva (born August 1971) is a site specific installation artist who works across sculpture, installation, and architectural interventions.

Hadzi-Vasileva has lived and worked in United Kingdom since 1992 and primarily in Sussex since 2004. In 2004, she was awarded British citizenship.

Kavadarci
Kavadarci (Macedonian: Кавадарци [kaˈvadartsi] ⓘ) is a town in the Tikveš region of North Macedonia. In the heart of North Macedonia's wine country, it is home to the largest winery in Southeast Europe, named after the Tikveš plain. The town of Kavadarci is the seat of Kavadarci Municipality. Situated near Kavadarci is North Macedonia's largest artificial lake, Lake Tikveš.
HMCS St. Pierre
HMCS St. Pierre was a River-class frigate that served with the Royal Canadian Navy during the Second World War. She saw action as a convoy escort during the Battle of the Atlantic. She was named for Havre-Saint-Pierre, Quebec, whose name was shortened due to its length. After the war she was sold to Peru and renamed Teniente Palacios in 1947.

St. Pierre was ordered on 1 February 1943 as part of the 1943–1944 River-class building program. She was laid down on 30 June 1943 by Davie Shipbuilding and Repairing Co. Ltd. at Lauzon, Quebec and launched on 1 December later that year. She was commissioned into the Royal Canadian Navy on 28 August 1944 at Quebec City.

Davie Shipbuilding
Davie Shipbuilding is a shipbuilding company located in Lauzon, Quebec, Canada. The facility is now operating as Chantier Davie Canada Inc. and is the oldest shipbuilder in North America that retains the name of its founders, and Canada's last remaining big-ship shipbuilder.
Kreuttal
Kreuttal is a town in the district of Mistelbach in the Austrian state of Lower Austria.

The town is split into 4 localities (Ortschaft) (number of inhabitants in parentheses, October 2011): Hautzendorf (540), Hornsburg (183),  Ritzendorf (25) and Unterolberndorf (673). The town council has 19 members and is made up of ÖVP (12), SPÖ (4) and the Austrian Green Party (3).

Ortschaft
Ortschaft is a term in German speaking countries for a human settlement. In several states of Germany, it is also used for administrative subdivisions of municipalities. These have been defined in the Gemeindeordnung or Kommunalverfassung of the respective federal state. This is the case in the states of Baden-Württemberg, Lower Saxony, North Rhine-Westphalia, Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt and Thuringia. The Ortschaften often, but not always, coincide with former municipalities, that were incorporated into another municipality. The inhabitants of an Ortschaft are represented by an elected Ortschaftsrat (local council) and/or a Ortsvorsteher (local representative).
Curly Lawrence
Lillian "Curly" Lawrence (September 27, 1883 – November 4, 1967), known as LBSC, was one of Britain's most prolific and well known model or scale-steam-locomotive designers. LBSC were the initials of Britain's London, Brighton and South Coast Railway, where she was once employed as a cleaner.

4-6-0
A 4-6-0 steam locomotive, under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives by wheel arrangement, has four leading wheels on two axles in a leading bogie and six powered and coupled driving wheels on three axles with the absence of trailing wheels.

In the mid-19th century, this wheel arrangement became the second-most-popular configuration for new steam locomotives in the United States, where this type is commonly referred to as a Ten-wheeler. As locomotives pulling trains of lightweight all-wood passenger cars from the 1890 to the 1920s, they were exceptionally stable at near 100 mph (160 km/h) speeds on the New York Central's New York-to-Chicago Water Level Route and on the Reading Railroad's line from Camden to Atlantic City, New Jersey.
Dartry Mountains
The Dartry Mountains (Irish: Sléibhte Dhartraí) are a mountain range in the north west of Ireland, in the north of counties Sligo and Leitrim. They lie between Lough Melvin, Lough Gill and Lough MacNean. The highest point is Truskmore at 647 metres (2,123 ft). Other notable mountains include Benbulbin at 526 metres (1,726 ft), Benwiskin at 514 metres (1,686 ft), and Tievebaun at 611 metres (2,005 ft).

The mountains are named after the old túath of Dartraighe, which was part of the kingdom of Bréifne. The mountains are very close to the Breifne Mountains, which lie to the southeast.

The range is a large dissected limestone plateau. Glaciation has carved the distinctive shapes of this mountain range. The range includes the valleys of Glencar, Glenade and Gleniff.

Lough Melvin
Lough Melvin (/lɒx ˈmɛlvɪn/ lokh-MEL-vin; Irish: Loch Meilbhe) is a lake in the northwest of the island of Ireland on the border between County Leitrim (in Ireland) and County Fermanagh (in the United Kingdom). It is internationally renowned for its unique range of plants and animals.
Estonian national road 3
Põhimaantee 3 (officially abbreviated as T3) is a 220-kilometre-long north-south national main road in Estonia. The route follows the same path as the European route E264. The highway starts in Jõhvi. From there the main cities passed are Ahtme (administratively Kohtla-Järve) and Tartu. The highway ends in Valga on the intersection with the T6.

The road forms a major transport north–south transport route within Estonia, as it provides a direct connection between north-eastern Estonia and southern Estonia (Narva border crossing and Latvia) In 2015, the highest traffic volumes were around Jõhvi, with the AADT there being around 17,000.  The figures rise again around Tartu, hovering around 10,000. The road is a 1+1 road for its entire length.

Annual average daily traffic
Annual average daily traffic (AADT) is a measure used primarily in transportation planning, transportation engineering and retail location selection. Traditionally, it is the total volume of vehicle traffic of a highway or road for a year divided by 365 days. AADT is a simple, but useful, measurement of how busy the road is.

AADT is the standard measurement for vehicle traffic load on a section of road, and the basis for some decisions regarding transport planning, or the environmental hazards of pollution related to road transport.
Akram Hasson
Akram Hasson (Arabic: أكرم حسون, Hebrew: אכרם חסון; born 2 July 1959) is an Israeli Druze politician currently serving as a member of the Knesset representing New Hope, his third spell in office. He previously served as an MK for Kadima between 2012 and 2013, and then as an MK for Kulanu from 2016 to 2019. In 2015, Hasson became Kadima's last leader, marking the first time a Druze had led a Jewish party.

New Hope (Israel)
New Hope (Hebrew: תִּקְוָוה חֲדָשָׁה, romanized: Tikva Hadasha), officially known as New Hope – The National Right (Hebrew: תִּקְוָוה חֲדָשָׁה הימין הממלכתי, romanized: Tikva Hadasha HaYamin HaMamlakhti), and also translated as New Hope – The United Right, is a centre-right to right-wing national-liberal political party in Israel.
Killemtine
The Killemtine (Russian: Киллэмтиинэ or Гиллябкина; Yakut: Киллэмтиинэ) is a river in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia), Russian Federation. It is a right hand tributary of the Vakunayka, of the Chona basin, and is 196 kilometres (122 mi) long, with a drainage basin of 3,830 square kilometres (1,480 sq mi).

There are no permanent settlements by the river. The Russian Geographical Society organized an expedition in 1853–55 to survey the orography, geology and population of the Vilyuy and Chona basins.

Russian Geographical Society
The Russian Geographical Society (Russian: Ру́сское географи́ческое о́бщество (РГО)), or RGO, is a learned society based in Saint Petersburg, Russia. It promotes geography, exploration and nature protection with research programs in fields including oceanography, ethnography, ecology and statistics.
Nari Shakti Puraskar
The Nari Shakti Puraskar (lit. 'Woman Power Award') is an annual award given by the Ministry of Women and Child Development of the Government of India to individual women or to institutions that work towards the cause of women empowerment. It is presented by the president of India on International Women's Day (8 March) at Rashtrapati Bhavan in New Delhi. The award was instituted in 1999 under the title of Stree Shakti Puraskar (lit. 'Woman Power Award'), renamed and reorganised in 2015. It is awarded in six institutional and two individual categories, which carry a cash prize of 200,000 and 100,000 rupees, respectively.

Ram Nath Kovind
Ram Nath Kovind (Hindi: Rām Nāth Kovind, pronounced [ɾɑm nɑt̪ʰ koʋɪnd̪]ⓘ ; born 1 October 1945) is an Indian politician and lawyer who served as the  president of India from 2017 to 2022. He is the first person from Uttar Pradesh as well as the first member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) to become the president of India. Prior to his presidency, he served as the Governor of Bihar from 2015 to 2017 and as a Member of Rajya Sabha from Uttar Pradesh for two successive terms.  Prior to entering politics, he was a lawyer and he practised in the Delhi High Court and the Supreme Court of India until 1993.
Dilnoza Kubayeva
Dilnoza Kubayeva (Uzbek: Dilnoza Kubayeva; born November 22, 1986) is an Uzbek theater and film actress. Dilnoza Kubayeva became famous for a number of numerous roles in modern Uzbek films. Kubayeva is best known for her roles in such films as Kelgindi kelin, Telba, Kechikkan hayot, Farzandim, Hijron and Ko'rgim keladi. In 2012, she was awarded the "Shuhrat medali". Since 2007, she has been working at the National Theater of Uzbekistan (Milliy teatr). Kubayeva has played about 30 large and small roles in various theatrical performances. She also takes an active part in public affairs and sincerely approaches every case. In 2010, Kubayeva was awarded the "Oʻzbekiston belgisi".

Honored Artist of Uzbekistan (2023)

Honored Artist of Uzbekistan
Honored Artist of the Republic of Uzbekistan (Uzbek: Oʻzbekiston Respublikasida xizmat koʻrsatgan artist) is an honorary title given to those who contributed to the development of art in the republic. It is mainly presented to the artists of theatre, film, pop music, circus, TV and radio broadcast, film directors, musicians, singers, ballet masters, the conductors of orchestra and choir, the representatives of music or other artistic teams.
Manassa, Colorado
Founded in 1851, the Town of Manassa is a Statutory Town and is the most populous municipality in Conejos County, Colorado, United States. The town's population was 947 at the 2020 United States census.

Alamosa, Colorado
Alamosa is the home rule city that is the county seat of, and the most populous municipality in,  Alamosa County, Colorado United States. Alamosa is located along the Rio Grande. The city population was 9,806 in the 2020 United States census. The city is the commercial center of the San Luis Valley in south-central Colorado, and is the home of Adams State University. Alamosa is the primary city of the Alamosa, CO Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Mashal Sultanpuri
Mohammed Ramzan Bhat (1937 – October 2020), known by his pen name as Mashal Sultanpuri, was a Kashmiri poet, writer and critic. He was primarily engaged in writing Kashmiri prose. Prior to his appointment as a patron of Adbee Markaz Kamraz, the oldest literary organization of Jammu and Kashmir, he served as a president of AMK. In 2009, he became the recipient of Sahitya Akademi Award for his literary criticism book titled Vont. He was among the other campaigners who helped Kashmiri literature to be included in curriculum.

Literature of Kashmir
Literature of Kashmir has a long history, the oldest texts having been composed in the Sanskrit language. Early names include Patanjali, the author of the Mahābhāṣya commentary on Pāṇini's grammar, suggested by some to have been the same to write the Hindu treatise known as the Yogasutra, and Dridhbala, who revised the Charaka Samhita of Ayurveda.

In medieval times, philosophers of Kashmir Shaivism include Vasugupta (c. 800), Utpala (c. 925), Abhinavagupta, Kshemaraja, and Anandavardhana. Within contemporary Kashmir literature there are many poets, including Asif Tariq Bhat Tashi Shah, Akeel Mohiuddin Bhat, Omair Bhat   and Zeeshan Jaipuri.
Lysergic acid methylamide
Lysergic acid methylamide (LAM), also known as N-methyllysergamide (NM-LA), is a serotonin receptor modulator of the lysergamide family. It is the N-methyl derivative of ergine (lysergic acid amide; LSA) and the analogue of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in which the N,N-diethyl groups have been replaced with one N-methyl group.

It is active in humans at a dose of approximately 500 μg and has roughly 20% of the potency of LSD as a drug. However, it has been said to produce autonomic effects but to produce no psychoactive or hallucinogenic effects at this dose. The drug has about 6.3% of the antiserotonergic potency of LSD in the isolated rat uterus in vitro.

LAM was first described in the scientific literature by Albert Hofmann and colleagues by 1955.

Ethyl group
In organic chemistry, an ethyl group (abbreviated as ET, Et or et) is an alkyl substituent with the formula −CH2CH3, derived from ethane (C2H6).

Ethyl is used in the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry's nomenclature of organic chemistry for a saturated two-carbon moiety in a molecule, while the prefix "eth-" is used to indicate the presence of two carbon atoms in the molecule.
Citizens Bank of Amarillo
Citizens Bank of Amarillo is an independently owned network of community banks located in the Texas Panhandle and Eastern New Mexico in the United States.  This is a geography that is home to approximately 500,000 residents.  The bank is owned by Triple J Financial, Inc., a Texas one-bank holding company.  It is Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insured, and is a member of the Independent Community Bankers of America (ICBA).

Bank holding company
A bank holding company is a company that controls one or more banks, but does not necessarily engage in banking itself. The compound bancorp (banc/bank + corp[oration]) or bancorporation is often used to refer to such companies as well, particularly in the United States.
Beit Medrash Hagadol Synagogue
The Beit Medrash Hagadol Synagogue (Lithuanian: Beit Midrash Hagadol sinagoga), also known as the White Synagogue of Jonava (Lithuanian: Jonavos Baltoji sinagoga), is a former Jewish congregation and synagogue, located at 3 Sodų Street, in Jonava, in the Kaunas District Municipality of Lithuania.

Designed in the Historicist Baroque Revival style, the building was completed in c. 1850 and operated as a synagogue until it was devastated by Nazis during World War II. The building was subsequently used for profane purposes, however has since been abandoned.

Baroque Revival architecture
The Baroque Revival, also known as Neo-Baroque (or Second Empire architecture in France and Wilhelminism in Germany), was an architectural style of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The term is used to describe architecture and architectural sculptures which display important aspects of Baroque style, but are not of the original Baroque period. Elements of the Baroque architectural tradition were an essential part of the curriculum of the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris, the pre-eminent school of architecture in the second half of the 19th century, and are integral to the Beaux-Arts architecture it engendered both in France and abroad. 
An ebullient sense of European imperialism encouraged an official architecture to reflect it in Britain and France, and in Germany and Italy the Baroque Revival expressed pride in the new power of the unified state.
Aschoff cell
In pathology, Aschoff cells (or Aschoff giant cells) are cells associated with rheumatic heart disease. They are found in Aschoff bodies surrounding centres of fibrinoid necrosis.

In comparison with Anitschkow cells their cytoplasm is more basophilic and can contain up to four nuclei.

Aschoff believed that Aschoff giant cells were some type of connective or endothelial tissue. Today Aschoff cells are considered to be derived from cardiac myocytes rather than connective tissue cells.

Aschoff cells were named after the German physician and pathologist Ludwig Aschoff.

Endothelium
The endothelium (pl.: endothelia) is a single layer of squamous endothelial cells that line the interior surface of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels. The endothelium forms an interface between circulating blood or lymph in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall.

Endothelial cells in direct contact with blood are called vascular endothelial cells whereas those in direct contact with lymph are known as lymphatic endothelial cells. Vascular endothelial cells line the entire circulatory system, from the heart to the smallest capillaries.

These cells have unique functions that include fluid filtration, such as in the glomerulus of the kidney, blood vessel tone, hemostasis, neutrophil recruitment, and hormone trafficking. Endothelium of the interior surfaces of the heart chambers is called endocardium. An impaired function can lead to serious health issues throughout the body.
Terres Inovia
Terres Inovia is a French agricultural research institute carrying out applied research on oilseed plants and protein crop. It was created in June, 2015 by merging:

the CETIOM, the French research institute on oilseed crops;

the UNIP, the French research institute on protein crops.

Terres Inovia main tasks are to conduct research and to disseminate technical knowledge to farmers. It has partnerships with other French research institutes such as INRA and Arvalis Institut du Végétal; also, it participates to European research projects (e.g. the Feed-a-Gene project).
The crops studied are:

oilseed crops:
rapeseed
sunflower
soybean
flax (especially for production of linseed oil)

protein crops:
pea
faba bean
lupin

hemp.

Applied science
Applied science is the application of the scientific method and scientific knowledge to attain practical goals. It includes a broad range of disciplines, such as engineering and medicine. Applied science is often contrasted with basic science, which is focused on advancing scientific theories and laws that explain and predict natural or other phenomena.

There are applied natural sciences, as well as applied formal and social sciences. Applied science examples include genetic epidemiology which applies statistics and probability theory, and applied psychology, including criminology.
Isabel Magkoeva
Isabel Magkoeva (Russian: Изабель Казбековна Магкоева, born 20 January 1991) is a Russian political activist. She is an alumna of Russian State University for the Humanities in 2010, a specialist in oriental studies and Japanese literature, and a prominent member of the Russian Socialist Movement.

Russian State University for the Humanities
The Russian State University for the Humanities (RSUH; Russian: Росси́йский госуда́рственный гуманита́рный университе́т (РГГУ), romanized: Rossiyskiy gosudarstvennyy gumanitarnyy universitet (RGGU)), is a university in Moscow, Russia with over 25,000 students. It was created in 1991 as the result of the merger of the Moscow Urban University of the People (est. 1908) and the Moscow State University for History and Archives (est. 1930).