hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Q with hook tail
Q with hook tail (majuscule: Ɋ, minuscule: ɋ) is a letter of the extended Latin alphabet. It was introduced by Lutheran missionaries in Papua New Guinea for use in the Numanggang language in the 1930s or 1940s. In 2002, it was decided to discontinue using the letter. It is still used in the Kâte language to represent a voiced labial-velar plosive /ɡ͡b/ (Q q is used for the voiceless equivalent /k͡p/). The Bargam language also uses it to represent the glottal stop.
In some forms of handwriting for English (and presumably other languages based on the Latin alphabet), lowercase q always has a hook tail. This is particularly evident in geometric sans-serif typefaces used to teach children how to write.

Despite the name, the uppercase glyph itself resembles more the letter latin alpha (Ɑ) than Q.

Voiced labial–velar plosive
A voiced labial–velar plosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. It is a [ɡ] and [b] pronounced simultaneously and is considered a double articulation. To make this sound, one can say go but with the lips closed as if one were saying Bo; the lips are to be released at the same time as or a fraction of a second after the g of go is pronounced. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ɡ͡b⟩. Its voiceless counterpart is voiceless labial–velar plosive, [k͡p].

A voiced labial–velar plosive is commonly found in Niger-Congo languages, e.g. in Igbo (Volta-Congo) in the name [iɡ͡boː] itself; or in Bété (Atlantic-Congo), e.g. in the surname of Laurent Gbagbo [ɡ͡baɡ͡bo], former president of Ivory Coast.
Mantella baroni
Mantella baroni (often known by its common names, such as Baron's mantella, the variegated golden frog, or the Madagascar poison frog) is a species of small poisonous frog in the family Mantellidae.

The species was first formally described by George Albert Boulenger in 1888, who penned the species' binomial after Richard Baron, an English botanist and missionary to Madagascar, who collected and studied the species.

Mantellidae
The Mantellidae are an amphibian family of the order Anura (frogs and toads), and are endemic to the Indian Ocean islands of Madagascar and Mayotte. At first glance, the diminutive, brightly-coloured mantellas appear visually similar to (and indeed fill similar ecological niches as) the Latin American poison dart frogs, such as Dendrobates, Oophaga and Phyllobates, among others.
Liberal Party of Ghana
The Liberal Party of Ghana is a political party in Ghana. The party replaced the Independent People's Party (IPP) which was originally founded by Kofi Akpaloo in 2011. Akpaloo, who was nominated to be the presidential candidate for the IPP was disqualified from contesting the 2016 Ghanaian general election due to problems with his nomination forms. The new party pledges to put people's lives first through technology.

2016 Ghanaian general election
General elections were held in Ghana on 7 December 2016 to elect a President and all 275 Members of Parliament. They had originally been scheduled for 7 November 2016, but the date was later rejected by Parliament. Former foreign minister Nana Akufo-Addo of the opposition New Patriotic Party was elected President on his third attempt, defeating incumbent President John Mahama of the National Democratic Congress.

The election results were announced on 9 December 2016 due to a delay of voting in two areas. At 19:51 local time, Mahama called Akufo-Addo to concede defeat. At 20:45, the Electoral Commission declared that Akufo-Addo had defeated Mahama in a single round. It was the first time in Ghana's history that a sitting president had been defeated for reelection.
The Maidstone Studios
The Maidstone Studios, formerly TVS Television Centre, is the largest independent television studio complex in the United Kingdom, and is based at Vinters Business Park in Maidstone, Kent, England. It has been home to a varied selection of independent British television programming including Later... with Jools Holland, Deal or No Deal, Take Me Out, Catchphrase, as well as popular children's shows such as Art Attack and Let's Play for CBeebies.

The studios has also hosted film productions including Netflix short film The Wonderful Story of Henry Sugar.

Other recent credits also include: Blankety Blank, Family Fortunes and Supermarket Sweep.

Blankety Blank
Blankety Blank is a British comedy game show which first aired in 1979. The show is based on the American game show Match Game, with contestants trying to match answers given by celebrity panellists to fill-in-the-blank questions.

The original series ran from 18 January 1979 to 12 March 1990 on BBC1, hosted first by Terry Wogan from 1979 until 1983, then by Les Dawson from 1984 until 1990. A revival hosted by Paul O'Grady (under his drag alter-ego Lily Savage) was produced by Pearson Television's UK subsidiary Fremantle (UK) Productions for BBC One from 26 December 1997 to 28 December 1999, followed with ITV from 7 January 2001 to 10 August 2002 as Lily Savage's Blankety Blank.

David Walliams hosted a one-off Christmas special for ITV on 24 December 2016, with Bradley Walsh hosting a 2020 Christmas special of the show for the BBC, which in turn led to a second revival series that premiered on 2 October 2021.
The Drummer (2020 film)
The Drummer is a 2020 American drama film directed by Eric Werthman and starring Danny Glover, who also serves as an executive producer of the film. The film premiered at the 2020 Woodstock Film Festival.

Woodstock Film Festival
The Woodstock Film Festival (previously known as International Film Festival) is an American film festival launched in 2000 by filmmakers Meira Blaustein and Laurent Rejto in the Hudson Valley region of New York. The festival takes place each fall in the towns of Woodstock, Rosendale, Saugerties and the city of Kingston.

The Woodstock Film Festival is a not-for-profit, 501(c)(3) organization. The festival is an Academy Award-qualifying festival in the short film categories: Live Action Short Film, Animated Short Film and Documentary Short Film.
Tris(trimethylsilyl)silane
Tris(trimethylsilyl)silane is the organosilicon compound with the formula (Me3Si)3SiH (where Me = CH3).  It is a colorless liquid that is classified as a hydrosilane since it contains an Si-H bond.  The compound is notable as having a weak Si-H bond, with a bond dissociation energy estimated at 84 kcal/mol.  For comparison, the Si-H bond in trimethylsilane is 94 kcal/mol.  With such a weak bond, the compound is used as a reagent to deliver hydrogen atoms.  The compound has been described as an environmentally benign analogue of tributyltin hydride.

Reagent
In chemistry, a reagent (/riˈeɪdʒənt/ ree-AY-jənt) or analytical reagent is a substance or compound added to a system to cause a chemical reaction, or test if one occurs. A reactant is a substance or compound that is consumed in a chemical reaction. The terms reactant and reagent are often used interchangeably, but reactant specifies a substance consumed in the course of a chemical reaction; reagent is used in the context of chemical analysis, while reactant is used in the context of reaction itself. Solvents, though involved in the reaction mechanism, are usually not called reactants. Similarly, catalysts are not consumed by the reaction, so they are not reactants. In biochemistry, especially in connection with enzyme-catalyzed reactions, the reactants are commonly called substrates.
Azouaou Mammeri
Azouaou Mammeri (1890 or 1892—1954), also known as Si Azouaou Mammeri, was an Algerian painter born in 1890 or 1892 in the village of Taourirt-Mimoun which was part of Aït Yenni. He died on September 17, 1954, in Aït Yenni.

Cleveland Museum of Art
The Cleveland Museum of Art (CMA) is an art museum in Cleveland, Ohio, United States. Located in the Wade Park District of University Circle, the museum is internationally renowned for its substantial holdings of Asian and Egyptian art and houses a diverse permanent collection of more than 61,000 works of art from around the world. The museum provides free general admission to the public. With a $920 million endowment as of 2023, it is the fourth-wealthiest art museum in the United States. With about 770,000 visitors annually as of 2018, it is one of the most visited art museums in the world.
2005 Bass Pro Shops MBNA 500
The 2005 Bass Pro Shops MBNA 500 was the 33nd stock car race of the 2005 NASCAR Nextel Cup Series season, the seventh race of the 2005 Chase for the Nextel Cup, and the 46th iteration of the event. The race was held on Sunday, October 30, 2005, before a crowd of 120,000 in Hampton, Georgia at Atlanta Motor Speedway, a 1.54 miles (2.48 km) permanent asphalt quad-oval intermediate speedway. The race took the scheduled 325 laps to complete. At race's end, rookie Carl Edwards of Roush Racing would steal the lead on the final restart on Lap 289 to win his third NASCAR Nextel Cup Series win of his career, his third of the season, and completing an Atlanta sweep for the 2005 season. To fill out the podium, Jeff Gordon of Hendrick Motorsports and Mark Martin of Roush Racing would finish second and third, respectively.

Carl Edwards
Carl Michael Edwards Jr. (born August 15, 1979) is an American former professional stock car racing driver and a current analyst for NASCAR on Prime Video.

He last competed in the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series, driving the No. 19 Toyota Camry for Joe Gibbs Racing. Prior to that, he drove the No. 99 Ford Fusion for Roush Fenway Racing from 2005–2014. He won the 2007 NASCAR Busch Series championship and nearly won the 2011 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series title, but lost by a tiebreaker to Tony Stewart. Edwards is known for doing a backflip off his car to celebrate his victories. In 2023, he was named one of NASCAR's 75 Greatest Drivers, and in 2025, he was inducted into the NASCAR Hall of Fame.
Chapman Memorial Field
Chapman Memorial Field (FAA LID: 6CM) is a privately owned public-use airport located two nautical miles (4 km) southwest of the central business district of Centerburg, in Knox County, Ohio, United States.

Knox County, Ohio
Knox County is a county located in the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2020 census, the population was 62,721. Its county seat is Mount Vernon. The county is named for Henry Knox, an officer in the American Revolutionary War who was later the first Secretary of War. Knox County comprises the Mount Vernon, OH Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Columbus-Marion-Zanesville, OH Combined Statistical Area.
Nellcor
Nellcor has been a provider of pulse oximetry products since 1981.  After a series of acquisitions, the company's brand name and assets are currently owned by Medtronic, which still produces Nellcor-branded sensors and pulse oximeters.

Tyco International
Tyco International was a security systems company incorporated in Ireland, with operational headquarters in Princeton, New Jersey, United States (Tyco International (US) Inc.). Tyco International was composed of two major business segments: security solutions and fire protection.

On January 25, 2016, Johnson Controls announced it would merge with Tyco, and all businesses of Tyco and Johnson Controls would be combined under Tyco International plc, to be renamed as Johnson Controls International plc. The merger was completed on September 9, 2016.
Meet You There (song)
"Meet You There" is a song by English pop punk band Busted. It was written by James Bourne and Charlie Simpson and was originally recorded for, and included on, their second studio album A Present for Everyone (2003). It was a fan favourite, despite not being an official single.

In 2015, ten years after disbanding in 2005, Busted re-recorded the song at Abbey Road Studios, their first new recording in 12 years, and released a music video for it. The re-recorded version appeared as a bonus track on Japanese editions of the group's third album Night Driver (2016).
Unlike the previous studio version the new recording added Matt taking the lead vocals for the chorus.

Night Driver (album)
Night Driver is the third studio album by English pop rock band Busted. It was released through East West Records on 25 November 2016, and is the band's first album of new material in thirteen years, following on from A Present for Everyone (2003). The album marked a notable shift in sound from their previous albums, incorporating synth-pop and alternative pop elements. It received positive reviews from critics.
Design studies
Design studies can refer to any design-oriented studies but is more formally an academic discipline or field of study that pursues, through both theoretical and practical modes of inquiry, a critical understanding of design practice and its effects in society.

Adrian Forty
Adrian Forty (born 7 March 1948, Oxford, England) is an Emeritus Professor of Architectural History at The Bartlett, the Faculty of the Built Environment at University College London. He is also the former Programme Director of the master's programme in Architectural History.

Forty's main interest is in architecture's role in societies and cultural contexts. His research includes work on the design of consumer goods; on language and architecture; and on architecture, collective memory, and forgetting. As of lately, he is concerned with the history, aesthetics, and cultural significance of concrete as a construction material.

In 2003, Forty was awarded the Sir Misha Black Award for Innovation in Design Education.
An Economic Theory of Democracy
An Economic Theory of Democracy is a treatise of economics written by Anthony Downs, published in 1957.  The book set forth a model with precise conditions under which economic theory could be applied to non-market political decision-making.  It also suggested areas of empirical research that could be tested to confirm the validity of his conclusions in the model.  Much of this offshoot research eventually became integrated into public choice theory.  Downs' theory abstains from making normative statements about public policy choices and instead focuses on what is rational, given the relevant incentives, for government to do.

Incentive
Incentives are anything that persuade a person or organization to alter their behavior to produce a desired outcome. Incentives are widely studied in personnel economics, where researchers and human resource managers examine how firms use pay, career opportunities, performance evaluation, and other mechanisms to motivate employees and improve organizational outcomes. Higher incentives are often associated with greater levels of effort and higher levels of performance. In comparison, disincentives discourage certain actions.

Incentives encourage specific behaviors or actions by persons and organizations, and are commonly employed by governments, businesses, and other organizations. Incentives may generally divided into two categories: intrinsic and extrinsic. Incentives, however, can also produce unintended outcomes, relating to the overjustification effect, principal–agent problem, moral hazard, free-riding, or adverse selection.
Ahmed Eid Abdel Malek
Ahmed Eid Abdel Malek Abdou (Arabic: أحمد عيد عبد الملك عبده; born 15 May 1980) is an Egyptian retired football midfielder, who last played for El Gouna in the Egyptian Premier League. He is known for his time at Haras El Hodood and Zamalek. He also played for the Egypt national team. He played as  an attacking midfielder.

El Gouna FC
El Gouna Football Club (Arabic: نادي الجونة لكرة القدم) is an Egyptian football club based in the city of El Gouna, Egypt. The club currently plays in the Egyptian Premier League, the highest league in the Egyptian football league system.
Álvaro González (footballer, born 1990)
Álvaro González Soberón (born 8 January 1990), known simply as Álvaro, is a Spanish professional footballer.

He began his career with Racing de Santander, and had spells at Zaragoza, Espanyol and Villarreal for La Liga totals of 233 matches and five goals. He signed for Marseille in 2019, initially on loan.

Álvaro won the 2013 European Under-21 Championship with Spain.

Saudi First Division League
The Saudi First Division League (FDL), also known as the Yelo League for sponsorship reasons, is a professional association football league in Saudi Arabia and serves as the second tier of the Saudi football league system. It ranks directly below the Saudi Pro League and above the Saudi Second Division League.
Taylor Hackford
Taylor Edwin Hackford (born December 31, 1944) is an American film director and former president of the Directors Guild of America. He won the Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film for Teenage Father (1979). Hackford went on to direct a number of highly regarded feature films, including An Officer and a Gentleman (1982), The Devil's Advocate (1997) and Ray (2004), the latter of which he was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Director and Academy Award for Best Picture.

Academy Award for Best Picture
The Academy Award for Best Picture is one of the Academy Awards (also known as Oscars) presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) since the awards debuted in 1929. This award goes to the producers of the film and is the only category in which every member of the Academy is eligible to submit a nomination and vote on the final ballot. The Best Picture category is traditionally the final award of the night and is widely considered the most prestigious honor of the ceremony.

The Grand Staircase columns at the Dolby Theatre in Hollywood, where the Academy Awards ceremonies have been held since 2002, showcase every film that has won the Best Picture title since the award's inception. There have been 621 films nominated for Best Picture and 97 winners.
Uibopuu
Uibopuu is an Estonian surname derived from South Estonian uibu 'apple tree', possibly through the contraction of Standard Estonian õunapuu, a compound of õun 'apple' + puu 'tree'.

As of 1 January 2022, 119 men and 144 women in Estonia have the surname Uibopuu. Uibopuu is ranked as the 639th most common surname for men in Estonia, and the 531st most common surname for Estonian women.

The surname Uibopuu is the most common in Valga County, where 14.75 per 10,000 inhabitants of the county bear the surname.

Notable people bearing the surname Uibopuu include:

Artur Uibopuu (1879–1930), politician

Johannes-Heinrich Uibopuu (1886–1986), politician

Vaike Uibopuu (born 1940), choir director and music teacher

Valev Uibopuu (1913–1997), writer

Artur Uibopuu
Artur Uibopuu (12 January 1879, in Sooru Parish (now Valga Parish), Kreis Walk – 2 April 1930, in Tallinn) was an Estonian politician. He was a member of Estonian Constituent Assembly, representing the Estonian People's Party.
Song of Songs 2
Song of Songs 2 (sometimes abbreviated to Song 2) is the second chapter of the Song of Songs in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book is one of the Five Megillot, a collection of short books, together with Ruth, Lamentations, Ecclesiastes and Esther, within the Ketuvim, the third and the last part of the Hebrew Bible. Jewish tradition views Solomon as the author of this book (although this is now largely disputed), and this attribution influences the acceptance of this book as a canonical text. This chapter contains a dialogue in the open air and several female poems with the main imagery of flora and fauna.

Jewish culture
Jewish culture is the culture of the Jewish people, from its formation in ancient times until the current age. Judaism itself is not simply a faith-based religion, but an orthopraxy and ethnoreligion, pertaining to deed, practice, and identity. Jewish culture covers many aspects, including religion and worldviews, literature, media, and cinema, art and architecture, cuisine and traditional dress, attitudes to gender, marriage, family, social customs and lifestyles, music and dance. Some elements of Jewish culture come from within Judaism, others from the interaction of Jews with host populations, and others still from the inner social and cultural dynamics of the community. Before the 18th century, religion dominated virtually all aspects of Jewish life, and infused culture. Since the advent of secularization, wholly secular Jewish culture emerged likewise.
Distrito de La Infanta
Distrito de La Infanta was a politico-military district established during the late Spanish colonial period in the Philippines. Created in 1858, it was situated at the eastern coast of Luzon. It covered a portion of what was known as 'contracosta'—the pueblo of Binangonan de Lampon (today collectively referred to as Metro Reina—comprising the municipalities of Real, Infanta, and General Nakar), and the islands of Polillo (now the municipalities of Polillo, Panukulan, Patnanungan, Burdeos, as well as the island municipality of Jomalig). The capital of the Distrito de La Infanta was located in Binangonan de Lampon, where the 'Politico-Militar Comandante' resided and exercised authority over the entire district.  All of the area that was formerly part of Distrito de La Infanta are now part of the Province of Quezon.

Patnanungan
Patnanungan, officially the Municipality of Patnanungan (Tagalog: Bayan ng Patnanungan),  is a municipality in the province of Quezon, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 15,554 people.
Briartite
Briartite is an opaque iron-grey metallic sulfide mineral, Cu2(Zn,Fe)GeS4 with traces of Ga and Sn, found as inclusions in other germanium-gallium-bearing sulfides.

It was discovered at the Prince Léopold Mine, Kipushi, Shaba, Congo (Léopoldville) in 1965 by Francotte and others, and named for Gaston Briart who had studied formations at Kipushi.

Briartite is also found in Namibia, Greece, and Spain.

Kipushi
Kipushi is a town in Haut-Katanga province, Democratic Republic of the Congo.  It lies 35 km southwest of the city of Lubumbashi, very close to the border with Zambia, at an altitude of 1329 m (4363 ft).  The main economic activity of the town is mining. Kipushi is part of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Sakania–Kipushi.
Thomas Davies (bookseller)
Thomas Davies (c. 1713 – 1785) was a Scottish bookseller and author. He studied at the University of Edinburgh, and was for some years on the stage, but having been ridiculed by Churchill in The Rosciad, Davies gave up acting and opened a bookshop in Covent Garden. It was here that in 1763 he introduced Boswell to Dr. Johnson, who was Davies' close friend, and to whom he dedicated his edition of the works of Massinger. Davies wrote a successful Life of Garrick (1780), which passed through four editions, and Dramatic Miscellanies (three volumes, 1783–84).

Bookselling
Bookselling is the commercial trading of books, which is the retail and distribution end of the publishing process.

People who engage in bookselling are called booksellers, bookdealers, book people, bookmen, or bookwomen.
Broadcasting (Amendment) Act 2007
The Broadcasting (Amendment) Act 2007 is an Act of the Oireachtas (Irish parliament) which was enacted in April 2007. It deals with Irish Analogue broadcasting systems and the amendment of legislation on Digital Terrestrial Television dating back to 2001. This act amends previous acts in particular the Broadcasting Act 2001.

Oireachtas
The Oireachtas (/ˈɛrəktəs/ EH-rək-təs; Irish: [ˈɛɾʲaxt̪ˠəsˠ]), sometimes referred to as Oireachtas Éireann, is the bicameral parliament of Ireland. The Oireachtas consists of the president of Ireland and the two houses of the Oireachtas (Irish: Tithe an Oireachtais): a lower house called Dáil Éireann and an upper house called Seanad Éireann.

The houses of the Oireachtas sit in Leinster House in Dublin, an eighteenth-century ducal palace. The directly elected Dáil is the more powerful of the houses of the Oireachtas.