hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pre-Tolstojan
Pre-Tolstojan, also Pretolstojan Period, refers to the oldest period of the history of Mercury, c. 4500–3900 million years ago. It is the first period of the Eomercurian Era and of the Mercurian Eon, as well as being the first period in Mercury's geologic history, and refers to its formation and the 600 million or so years in its aftermath. Mercury was formed with a tiny crust, mantle, and a giant core and as it evolved it faced heavy bombardments that created most of the craters and intercrater plains seen on the planet's surface today.
Many of the smaller basins and multi-ring basins were created during this period. Considered a "dead" planet, its geology is highly diverse with craters forming the dominant terrain.

The name Pre-Tolstojan refers to the time before the formation of the Tolstoj crater on the surface of Mercury, which is believed to have been formed by an impact c. 3900 million years ago. The latter has been named after the Russian writer Leo Tolstoy.

Mantle (geology)
A mantle is a layer inside a planetary body bounded below by a core and above by a crust. Mantles are made of rock or ices, and are generally the largest and most massive layer of the planetary body. Mantles are characteristic of planetary bodies that have undergone differentiation by density.  All terrestrial planets (including Earth), half of the giant planets, specifically ice giants, a number of asteroids, and some planetary moons have mantles.
Jinjira Palace
Zinzira Palace (Bengali: জিঞ্জিরা প্রাসাদ), also spelt Jinjira Palace, is a late 17th century Mughal-era palace in Keraniganj, Bangladesh on the southern banks of the Old Ganges or Buriganga River. It was built by Ibrahim Khan II, Bengal's last subedar (provincial governor)  before Aurangzeb's grandson Azim-ush-Shan took control of the region, as his recreation resort opposing the Bara Katra in the Chowk Bazar neighborhood of Old Dhaka on the other side of the river. The palace is known for the tragic imprisonment of the female members of the Bengal Nawab family following the Battle of Plassey (1757).

Chowk Bazaar
Chowk Bazaar is a sprawling wholesale market area in Dhaka, Bangladesh, with hundreds of shops, market stalls and vendors.  It dates to the 17th century CE when the area was under Mughal rule. The bazaar is located in the Chowkbazar Thana part of Old Dhaka.

Beside the market square is Chawk Mosque, built in 1676 by Shaista Khan, the Subahdar of Mughal Bengal. It is 94 feet long and 80 feet wide and has three domes.
Ester Goossens
Ester Goossens (pronounced [ˈɛstər ˈɣoːsə(n)s]; born 21 February 1972) is a retired Dutch athlete who competed in a variety of events, including the 400 metres, 800 metres and 400 metres hurdles. She represented her country at the 1997 World Championships and 1999 World Indoor Championships.

Goossens held the Dutch records in the 400 metres of 51.35 s from 1998 until 2018, when it was broken by Lisanne de Witte, in the 400 metres hurdles of 54.62 s from 1998 until 2020, when it was broken by Femke Bol, in the 400 metres indoor of 51.82 s from 1998 until 2021, when it was broken by Lieke Klaver, and in the 800 metres indoor of 2:00.01 min from 2001 to 2026, when it was also broken by Bol.

In October 1997, Goossens scored 6716 points at a women's decathlon in Apeldoorn, setting a world decathlon best of 54.14 seconds in the flat 400 m.

Apeldoorn
Apeldoorn ([ˈaːpəldoːr(ə)n] ⓘ; Dutch Low Saxon: Apeldoorne) is a municipality and city in the province of Gelderland in the centre of the Netherlands. The municipality of Apeldoorn, including the villages of Beekbergen, Loenen, Ugchelen and Hoenderloo, had a population of 165,525 on 1 December 2021. The western half of the municipality lies on the Veluwe ridge, with the eastern half in the IJssel valley.
Mahal Khurd
Mahal Khurd is a village in Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 1.9 kilometres (1.2 mi) away from sub post office Garcha, 11.9 kilometres (7.4 mi) from Nawanshahr, 3.6 kilometres (2.2 mi) from district headquarter Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar and 97.4 kilometres (60.5 mi) from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by Sarpanch an elected representative of the village.

Nawanshahr
Nawanshahr (Punjabi pronunciation: [nə.ʋä̃ːʃɛ́ːɾ]) is a municipal council in Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar district in the Indian state of Punjab. It was previously a town;  it later became a district in 1995.
HMS Illustrious (1803)
HMS Illustrious, a 74-gun third rate ship of the line and the second of that name,
was built by Randall & Brent at Rotherhithe where her keel was laid in February 1801. Launched on 3 September 1803, she was completed at Woolwich.
She was
first commissioned for the Channel Fleet under Captain Sir Charles Hamilton and was
involved in the Battle of the Basque Roads in 1809, in which she won a battle honour, and
in the expeditions against the docks at Antwerp and render the Schelde unnavigable to French ships.
On 22 November 1810, Illustrious was amongst the fleet that captured Île de France on 3 December. She then took part in the Invasion of Java (1811) in Indonesia.
She was refitted at Portsmouth (1813–17) and then laid up in reserve until recommissioned in 1832.
She was laid up again in 1845, and later used as a guard ship, a hospital ship and, lastly,
in 1854 she became a gunnery training ship and continued as one until she was broken up in 1868 in Portsmouth.

Scheldt
The Scheldt (/ʃɛlt, skɛlt/ SHELT, SKELT; French: Escaut [ɛsko] ⓘ; Dutch: Schelde [ˈsxɛldə] ⓘ) is a 435-kilometre-long (270 mi) river that flows through northern France, western Belgium, and the southwestern part of the Netherlands, with its mouth at the North Sea. Its name is derived from an adjective corresponding to Old English sċeald ("shallow"), Modern English shoal, Low German schol, West Frisian skol, and obsolete Swedish skäll ("thin").
Beatrice Cedermark
Beatrice Cedermark (born 12 February 1993) is a Swedish tennis player.

Cedermark won one doubles title on the ITF tour in her career. On 13 August 2012, she reached her best singles ranking of world number 612. On 11 June 2012, she peaked at world number 716 in the doubles rankings.

Cedermark made her WTA tour debut at the 2012 Swedish Open, partnering Rebecca Peterson in doubles.

2012 Swedish Open – Women's doubles
Lourdes Domínguez Lino and María José Martínez Sánchez were the defending champions but Martínez Sánchez did not participate on account of her getting married on July 14.
Domínguez Lino played alongside Anabel Medina Garrigues, but they withdrew from the first round due to a thigh muscle strain from Domínguez Lino.
Catalina Castaño and Mariana Duque Mariño won the final 4–6, 7–5, [10–5] against Eva Hrdinová and Mervana Jugić-Salkić.
José Porfirio Miranda
José Porfirio Miranda de la Parra (September 15, 1924 – October 9, 2001) was a Catholic Mexican theologian and philosopher. His works, including Comunismo en la Biblia, contributed to the study of Christian communism and liberation theology.

Liberation theology
Liberation theology is a Christian theological approach emphasizing the liberation of the oppressed. The term originated among Latin American Catholic theologians in the 1960s, and it has increasingly been used to describe similar approaches in other parts of the globe. It often engages in socio-economic analyses, and emphasizes social concern for those marginalized due to their social class, race, ethnicity, gender, etc.
Lars Olsson (alpine skier)
Lars Inge Olsson (born 16 November 1944) is a Swedish former alpine skier. He competed in the slalom and downhill evenets at the 1964 Winter Olympics and in the giant slalom at the 1968 Winter Olympics.

1968 Winter Olympics
The 1968 Winter Olympics, officially known as the X Olympic Winter Games (French: Les Xes Jeux olympiques d'hiver), were a winter multi-sport event held from 6 to 18 February 1968 in Grenoble, France. Thirty-seven countries participated.

The 1968 Winter Games marked the first time the IOC permitted East and West Germany to enter separately, and the first time the IOC ordered drug and gender testing of competitors.

Norway won the most gold and overall medals, the first time since the 1952 Winter Olympics that the Soviet Union did not top the medal table by both parameters.
Species III
Species III is a 2004 science fiction action thriller television film. The film is a sequel to Species II (1998) and the third installment of the Species franchise. Directed by Brad Turner, it stars Robin Dunne, Robert Knepper, Sunny Mabrey, Amelia Cooke and John Paul Pitoc. Natasha Henstridge, who was contracted to a trilogy commencing with the first Species film, briefly reprises the role of Eve in the opening scene.

The film premiered on the American Sci Fi Channel on November 27, 2004, and released on DVD on December 7, in both a standard and an unrated version. The film was shot in HD video.

High-definition video
High-definition video (HD video) is video of higher resolution and quality than standard-definition. While there is no standardized meaning for high-definition, generally any video image with considerably more than 480 vertical scan lines (North America) or 576 vertical lines (Europe) is considered high-definition. 480 scan lines is generally the minimum even though the majority of systems greatly exceed that. Images of standard resolution captured at high frame rate (60 frames/second North America, 50 FPS Europe), by a high-speed camera may be considered high-definition in some contexts. Some television series shot on high-definition video are made to look as if they have been shot on film, a technique which is often known as filmizing.
Ptilotus angustifolius
Ptilotus angustifolius, commonly known as regal fox tails, is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaranthaceae and is endemic to South Australia. It is a low, bushy herb with several stems, narrowly egg-shaped leaves at the base of the plant, oval, intensely fragrant spikes of purple flowers and cylindrical heads of many long, hairy fruits.

Amaranthaceae
Amaranthaceae (/ˌæmərænˈθeɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/ AM-ər-an-THAY-see-ee, -⁠eye) is a family of flowering plants commonly known as the amaranth family, in reference to its type genus Amaranthus. It includes the former goosefoot family Chenopodiaceae and contains about 165 genera and 2,040 species, making it the most species-rich lineage within its parent order, Caryophyllales.
Enchelyolepis
Enchelyolepis (meaning "eel-like scale") is an extinct genus of prehistoric marine ray-finned fish known from the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous of Europe.  It was a member of the Macrosemiidae, a family of ginglymodians distantly related to modern gars, and contains two species that were both previously described as species of Macrosemius.

The following species are known:

†E. andrewsi (Woodward, 1895) (type species) - Early Cretaceous (Berriasian) of England (middle Purbeck Group)

†E. pectoralis (Sauvage, 1883) - Late Jurassic (Tithonian) of France (Portland Group)

Both species were very small for their order, with E. andrewsi being only 35 millimetres (1.4 in) in length.

Portland Group (geology)
The Portland Group (defining the Portlandian) is a Late Jurassic (Tithonian) lithostratigraphic group (a sequence of rock strata) in South East England.  The name is derived from the Isle of Portland in Dorset where the strata are exposed and have been extensively worked. Rocks of this age have in the past been called the Portlandian stage by geologists, which corresponds with the late Tithonian stage of the internationally used geological timescale.
Operation Concordia Square
Operation Concordia Square was an operation conducted by the United States Army 2nd Brigade, 1st Cavalry Division south of the Vietnamese Demilitarized Zone in Quảng Trị Province. The operation ran from 8 to 17 May 1968.

Quảng Trị province
Quảng Trị (Vietnamese pronunciation: [kʷâŋ ʈ͡ʂîˀ]) is a coastal province in the North Central Coast region of Vietnam. It borders Huế to the south, Laos to the west and the South China Sea to the east, with 75 kilometres (47 mi) of coast.
Sanctuary of the Blessed Virgin of the Sorrows, Rho
45°31′58.9″N 9°02′19.9″E﻿ / ﻿45.533028°N 9.038861°E﻿ / 45.533028; 9.038861

The Sanctuary of the Blessed Virgin of the Sorrows of Rho (in Italian:Santuario della Beata Vergine Addolorata di Rho) is a Roman Catholic Marian shrine just outside the historic center of the town of Rho, region of Lombardy, Italy. The church is under the administration of the Oblates of Saints Ambrose and Charles.

Rho, Lombardy
Rho (Italian: [ˈrɔ]; Lombard: Rò; Latin: Rhaudum) is a town and comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Milan in the Italian region of Lombardy, located about 14 kilometres (9 miles) northwest of Milan, Italy.
Paakantyi language
The Paakantyi language, also spelt Paakantji,  Barkindji, Barkandji, and Baagandji, and is also known as the Darling language, is a nearly extinct Australian Aboriginal language spoken along the Darling River in New South Wales from the present-day Queensland border to Bourke, then along the river to Wentworth. It includes much of the backcountry around the Paroo River, plus an area along Coopers Creek into Queensland and also through the Broken Hill district.

The name of the people and the language refers to the Paaka (Darling River, known today as the Darling-Barka). The suffix -ntyi means "belonging to". Speakers of the language are known as the Paakantyi (or variant spellings). The variant is slightly different along the river proper and ceases at the confluence of the Darling-Barka and the Murray rivers.

The major work on the Paakantyi language has been by linguist Luise Hercus.

Wentworth, New South Wales
Wentworth is a small border town in the far southwest of the state of New South Wales, Australia. It lies at the confluence of Australia's two most important rivers, the Darling and the Murray, the latter forming the border with the state of Victoria to the south. The border with the state of South Australia lies approximately 100 kilometres (62 mi) to the west. The town of Wentworth is in the local government area of the same name.
Pampa Luxsar
Pampa Luxsar is a little known volcanic field located in Bolivia, southwest of the Salar de Uyuni.

It consists of a field of lava flows that cover a surface area of 45 by 45 kilometres (28 mi × 28 mi). Cones are also found within the field, although vents are difficult to discern. The lava flows partly coalesce and are of uniform appearance, despite differences in their albedo. The field is constructed by basaltic andesite and andesite. The activity of the field may have been controlled by faults, which were later buried by lava flows.

The field surrounds the older stratovolcanoes Cerro Luxsar and Cerro Uquila, which are heavily eroded. It was erupted over several stages, with the youngest being of Pleistocene or Holocene age. One vent known as Cerro Negro is a maar and probably formed under the influence of paleolakes such as Lake Minchin or Lake Tauca, which have left lake terraces in the region.

Maar
A maar is a broad, low-relief volcanic crater caused by a phreatomagmatic eruption (an explosion which occurs when groundwater comes into contact with hot lava or magma). A maar characteristically fills with water to form a relatively shallow crater lake, which may also be called a maar.

Maars generally range in size from 20 to 3,000 m (66 to 9,800 ft) across and from 5 to 200 m (20 to 700 ft) deep. Most maars fill with water to form natural lakes. Most maars have low rims composed of a mixture of loose fragments of volcanic rocks and rocks torn from the walls of the diatreme.
Leckie Range (Antarctica)
The Leckie Range is a group of peaks 50 miles south of Edward VIII Bay, Enderby Land, Antarctica. The individual peaks were first shown on a 1947 Norwegian whalers chart by H.E. Hansen. The range was named by ANCA for Squadron Leader Douglas Leckie, RAAF, who commanded the RAAF Antarctic Flight at Mawson Station, 1956, and who piloted the Auster aircraft from which Phillip Law sighted and plotted these peaks.

Edward VIII Bay
Edward VIII Bay is a bay about 32 kilometres (20 mi) in extent, located between Edward VIII Plateau (a dome-shaped, ice-covered peninsula near Magnet Bay) and the Øygarden Group of islands in Antarctica. The head of the bay is occupied by the Edward VIII Ice Shelf. The bay was discovered in 1936 by Discovery Investigations personnel on the RRS William Scoresby, and named for Edward VIII, then King of the United Kingdom.

Kvarsnes Foreland is a prominent, rocky foreland projecting into the south side of Edward VIII Bay close west of the Øygarden Group. Kvarsnes Bay is a small bay at the southwest side of Kvarsnes Foreland, and is named in association with it. Rund Bay ("Round Bay") is a small bay indenting the south shore of Edward VIII Bay immediately east of Kvarsnes Foreland. These features were mapped and named by Norwegian cartographers from aerial photographs taken by the Lars Christensen Expedition, 1936–37.
Voi
Voi is the largest town in Taita-Taveta County, Kenya, in the former Coast Province. It is located at the western edge of Taru Desert, south and west of Tsavo East National Park, with the Sagala Hills to the south.

Coast Province
The Coast Province (Swahili: Mkoa wa Pwani) was one of Kenya's eight provinces prior to 2010. It covered the entire country's coastline on the Indian Ocean. Its capital city was Mombasa. It was inhabited by the Mijikenda and Swahili peoples, among others. The province covered an area of 79,686.1 km2.
Wentworth Bayly
Wentworth Bayly (died 27 December 1831) was the owner of the Gibraltar estate in Saint George Parish, Jamaica. He was elected to the House of Assembly of Jamaica in 1820. He died at Weston Hall, Suffolk. His will is held at the British National Archives.

Saint George Parish, Jamaica
Saint George Parish was one of the historic parishes of Jamaica created following colonisation of the island by the British. It was on the north side of the island in Surrey County but was abolished in 1866 when it was divided between Saint Mary and Portland parishes.
WD postcode area
The WD postcode area, also known as the Watford postcode area, is a group of eleven postcode districts in south-east England, within seven post towns. These cover south-west Hertfordshire (including Watford, Rickmansworth, Borehamwood, Kings Langley, Abbots Langley, Bushey and Radlett), plus very small parts of Buckinghamshire and Greater London.

Mail for this area is sorted at the Home Counties North Mail Centre in Hemel Hempstead, having been sorted at the Watford Mail Centre until its closure in 2011. The area covered includes all of the borough of Watford, most of the Three Rivers district, the western part of the Hertsmere district and small parts of the Dacorum and St Albans districts. WD3 also covers the village of Chenies in Buckinghamshire, plus a small protrusion of Harefield in the London Borough of Hillingdon.

City of St Albans
St Albans (/ˈɔːlbənz/), also known as the City and District of St Albans, is a non-metropolitan district with both borough and city status in Hertfordshire, England. Its council is based in St Albans, the largest settlement in the district. The district also includes the town of Harpenden and several villages. The district borders North Hertfordshire, Welwyn Hatfield, Hertsmere, Watford, Three Rivers, Dacorum, and Central Bedfordshire.
Naam Japo
In Sikhism, Nām Japō 
(Punjabi: ਨਾਮ ਜਪੋ, pronunciation: [näːm d͡ʒəpo]), also known as Naam Japna or Naam Simran, is the remembrance of God or the Akal Purkh, the supreme formless power that is timeless and immortal, through the  meditation or contemplation of the various Names of God (or qualities of God), especially the chanting of the word "Waheguru" ('Wonderful Lord') representing the formless being, the creator of all the forms, and the being omnipresent in all forms.

Less commonly, it is the vocal singing of hymns from the Guru Granth Sahib; Singing of hymns with musical accompaniment is generally referred to as kirtan. While contemplating God's names a devotee is able to get nām, the divine connection with God. Through nām, the devotees are able to harness Godly qualities and remove the five thieves.

Waheguru
Waheguru (Punjabi: ਵਾਹਿਗੁਰੂ, romanized: vāhigurū, pronunciation: [ʋaːɦɪɡuɾuː], literally meaning "Wow Guru", figuratively translated to mean "Wonderful God" or "Wonderful Lord") is a term used in Sikhism to refer to God as described in Guru Granth Sahib. It is the most common term to refer to God in modern Sikhism.
Altair Martins
Altair Teixeira Martins (born 1975) is a Brazilian writer. He was born in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. He studied at Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS).

His debut title, published when he was 24, was a short story collection titled Como se moesse ferro (1999). He published his second book of short stories Se chovessem Pássaros in 2003. His debut novel A parede no escuro (2008) - originally his master's dissertation at UFRGS - won the São Paulo Literature Prize. His next book, a short story collection called Enquanto água (2012), won the Moacyr Scliar Prize. His 2014 novel Terra Avulsa was again part of his PhD thesis at UFRGS. He published a road novel titled Os donos do inverno in 2019.

Martins has also written plays. He has taught at PUCRS.

Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul
The Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (Portuguese: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS) is a private non-profit Catholic university. With campuses in the Brazilian cities of Porto Alegre and Viamão, it is the largest private university of the state of Rio Grande do Sul and the first university founded by the Catholic religious institute of the Marist Brothers. PUCRS is considered the best private university of Brazil's Southern Region by the Ministry of Education (MEC), and one of the best private universities in the country, with FGV, PUC-Rio and the PUC-SP.
Osiris Eldridge
Osiris Eldridge (born June 18, 1988) is an American professional basketball player for Al Arabi SC of the Qatari Basketball League. He played college basketball for Illinois State. As a freshman, he won the Missouri Valley Conference Freshman of the Year award, and as a sophomore, he was runner up in MVP honors while leading ISU to its most wins in school history with 25.

Qatari Basketball League
The Qatari Basketball League (Arabic: الدوري القطري لكرة السلة) is the top-tier men's basketball league operating in Qatar. The winning team obtains the participation right to the FIBA West Asia Super League. The first official season took place in 1981/82. There is a second division and two domestic cup tournaments, the Emir of Qatar Cup and the Qatar Crown Prince Cup.

In the 2012–13 season, the league expanded for the first time in its history, going from 8 to 12 teams with the newly entered clubs including Lekhwiya, Al-Shamal Sports Club, Umm Salal SC, and Al-Khor Sports Club.
Kas (drink)
Kas is the brand name of a  soft drink produced by PepsiCo. It is made in grapefruit, orange (yellow), lemon (greenish-yellow), bitter (herbal extracts), and apple flavors. Kasfruit juices are also offered in multiple flavors. Kas is available in  Spain, Mexico, Dominican Republic and France, and was available in Portugal, Brazil and Argentina during the 1990s.

It is part of a beverage area often referred to as the flavor segment, fruit-flavored beverages which may be carbonated.

Bitters
A bitters is traditionally an alcoholic preparation flavored with botanical matter for a bitter or bittersweet flavor. Originally, numerous longstanding brands of bitters were developed as patent medicines, but lately are sold as digestifs, sometimes with herbal properties, and as cocktail flavorings.

Since cocktails often contain sour and sweet flavors, bitters are used to engage another primary taste and thereby balance out the drink and make it more complex, giving it a more complete flavor profile.