hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Criticism of Amazon
Amazon has been criticized on many issues, including anti-competitive business practices, its treatment of workers, offering counterfeit or plagiarized products, objectionable content of its books, and its tax and subsidy deals with governments.

Maia Kobabe
Maia Kobabe (/ˈmaɪə koʊˌbeɪb/, born 1989) is an American cartoonist and the author of Gender Queer: A Memoir (2019), an autobiographical graphic novel recounting Kobabe's life as a person who would ultimately identify as non-binary. Kobabe's works primarily revolve around themes of identity, sexuality, anti-fascism, fairy tales, and homesickness.
Sanhe, Bishan District
Sanhe (Chinese: 三合; pinyin: Sānhé) is a town of southern Bishan District in western Chongqing Municipality, People's Republic of China, located 30 kilometres (19 mi) south-southwest of the county seat and about 51 km (32 mi) southwest of Chongqing's CBD as the crow flies. As of 2018, it has one residential community (社区) and seven villages under its administration.

Bishan, Chongqing
Bishan (Chinese: 璧山区; pinyin: Bìshān Qū) is one of the districts of Chongqing, China, with a history of over 2000 years.  Bishan is 23 kilometers (14 mi) west of Chenjiaping in downtown Chongqing. Formerly a county, it became a district on 6 June 2014.
Oh! Gravity.
Oh! Gravity. is the sixth album by the San Diego–based alternative rock band Switchfoot. It was released on December 26, 2006.
It was Switchfoot's last album released through Columbia Records and Sony BMG (Their next album was released through lowercase people records).

To give fans a preview of the new material, Switchfoot released the downloadable single "Dirty Second Hands" to major online music stores on September 26. The album's first radio single, the title song "Oh! Gravity.", was released to radio on October 31, and received moderate airplay on alternative stations across America. In addition, the band provided free streaming audio of both the aforementioned tracks on their MySpace page.

The album debuted on the Billboard 200 at number 18, as the second-highest debut of the week, selling 63,000 copies in its first week. As of June 2010, the album had sold 262,000+ copies.

Lowercase People Records
Lowercase People Records (stylized lowercase people records) is the record label founded and run by the members of the band Switchfoot. It was founded after the band split with their major label, Columbia/Sony BMG. The label's name was drawn from the lyrics of the song "Company Car" from the album New Way to be Human.
Yoshiko Yamaguchi
Yoshiko Yamaguchi (Japanese: 山口淑子 Yamaguchi Yoshiko; Chinese: 山口淑子 Shānkǒu Shūzǐ; 12 February 1920 – 7 September 2014) was a Japanese singer, actress, journalist, and politician. Born in China, she made an international career in film in China, Hong Kong, Japan and the United States.

Early in her career, the Manchukuo Film Association concealed her Japanese origin and she went by the Chinese name Li Hsiang-lan (李香蘭), rendered in Japanese as Ri Kōran. This allowed her to represent China in Japanese propaganda movies. After the war, she appeared in Japanese movies under her real name, as well as in several English language movies under the stage name, Shirley Yamaguchi.

After becoming a journalist in the 1950s under the name Yoshiko Ōtaka (大鷹 淑子, Ōtaka Yoshiko), she was elected as a member of the Japanese parliament in 1974, and served for 18 years. After retiring from politics, she served as vice president of the Asian Women's Fund.

Kōji Tamaki
Kōji Tamaki (玉置 浩二, Tamaki Kōji; born September 13, 1958) is a Japanese singer-songwriter and actor. He has been well known as frontman of the rock band Anzen Chitai that debuted in 1982 and enjoyed a successful career, particularly during the 1980s. In the 1990s, he also began his career as a solo artist. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest Japanese vocalists.

In 2014, he was ranked first by a panel of 200 experts for the best ever singing voice in Japan. Moreover, in 2021 Koji was voted as the greatest active male Japanese singer, with 190 experts agreeing that he is a "living national treasure of music" and that he portrays an "unparalleled mass of expressiveness and emotion which only seems to get better with age".
Choreic hand
Spooning  or choreic hand is flexion and dorsal arching of the wrists and hyperextension of the fingers  when the hands are extended sideways palms down.

Spooning is a recognized clinical sign in pediatric neurology during standard evaluation of the posture with extended arms. Spooning is often observed in children up to the age of 5.

In older ages it is a clinical sign seen in children with chorea.

Chorea
Chorea, or (rarely) choreia, (/kəˈriə/) is an abnormal involuntary movement disorder, characterized by quick movements of the hands or feet. It is one of a group of neurological disorders called dyskinesias. The term chorea is derived from Ancient Greek  χορεία (choreia) 'dance', as the movements of the body are comparable to dancing.

The term hemichorea refers to chorea of one side of the body, such as chorea of one arm but not both (analogous to hemiballismus).
Kåfjord Church
Kåfjord Church (Norwegian: Kåfjord kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Gáivuotna Municipality (Kåfjord) in Troms county, Norway. It is located in the village of Olderdalen. It is the church for the Kåfjord parish which is part of the Nord-Troms prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nord-Hålogaland. The red, wooden church was built in a long church style in 1949 using plans drawn up by the architect Kirsten Sand. The church seats about 250 people.

Diocese of Nord-Hålogaland
Nord-Hålogaland (Norwegian: Nord-Hålogaland bispedømme) is a diocese in the Church of Norway. It covers the Church of Norway churches in Troms and  Finnmark counties as well as in the territory of Svalbard.  The diocese is seated in the city of Tromsø at the Tromsø Cathedral, the seat of the presiding bishop. After bishop Olav Øygard announced his plans to retire in august 2025, a process to elect a new bishop has been started. In September it was announced, that Stig Lægdene will succeed Øygard and become the 8th bishop of Nord-Hålogaland. Lægdene will be formally appointed as bishop at December 7th 2025 at the Tromsø Cathedral.
2001 estyle.com Classic – Doubles
Els Callens and Dominique Van Roost were the defending champions, but Van Roost did not compete this year. Callens teamed up with Chanda Rubin and lost in the semifinals to Kimberly Po-Messerli and Nathalie Tauziat.

Po-Messerli and Tauziat won the title by defeating Nicole Arendt and Caroline Vis 6–3, 7–5 in the final.

Chanda Rubin
Chanda Rubin (born February 18, 1976) is an American former top-10 professional tennis player. During her career, she reached the semifinals at the 1996 Australian Open, the quarterfinals of the French Open three times, and had wins over world No. 1s Serena Williams and Martina Hingis. In doubles, she won the 1996 Australian Open with Arantxa Sánchez Vicario and alongside Sandrine Testud, were runners-up at the 1999 US Open.

She is also known to have played at the very first official match of the Arthur Ashe Stadium, at the 1997 US Open, in which she faced Tamarine Tanasugarn of Thailand and lost in two sets.
Ilariidae
Ilariidae is a family of extinct vombatiform marsupials. Most ilariids are found in the middle Tertiary faunal assemblages of South Australia. Ilaria illumidens is the best-preserved representative of this extinct clade.

The only known specimen of Ilaria illumidens was found in the Namba Formation of Late Oligocene age, at Lake Pinpa, South Australia. The material consists of a partial cranium and mandibular fragments with most of the dentition, together with parts of the postcranial skeleton. The other species in this family are known from a few jaw fragments and intact molars attached; they are categorised in a separate family because their teeth structure is unique among Diprotodontia, in having a complicated folding pattern. Ilariids are thought to be the largest marsupials of their time in the Lake Eyre and Tarkarooloo basin.

Tertiary period
The Tertiary (/ˈtɜːrʃəri/ TUR-shər-ee, US also /ˈtɜːrʃi.ɛri/ TUR-shee-err-ee) is an obsolete geologic period spanning 66 million to 2.6 or 1.8 million years ago. The period began with the extinction of the non-avian dinosaurs in the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, at the start of the Cenozoic Era, and extended to the beginning of the Quaternary glaciation at the end of the Pliocene Epoch. The Tertiary has not been recognised by the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) since the late 1980s, with the timespan of the Tertiary now being split into the earlier Paleogene and the more recent Neogene periods, though the Tertiary continues to be used in some scientific publications.
Between Me and You
"Between Me and You" is the first single from Ja Rule's second album, Rule 3:36. The single features Christina Milian and was released in 2000 to radio. The song was his first major crossover hit, peaking at #11 on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart and became Ja Rule's first top 15 hit. It also reached number 26 on the UK Singles Chart. The song was produced by Irv Gotti and Lil' Rob.  A version also exists with Ja Rule singing the chorus instead of Christina Milian. The song was released through The Island Def Jam Music Group, Def Jam Recordings and Irv Gotti's Murder Inc. Records.

The official remix features a new verse by Ja Rule, Christina Milian's chorus, & verses by Murder Inc. artists Vita, Caddillac Tah, & Black Child. It was released on vinyl singles and the mixtape Features and Lost Tapes, Part 2.

The Island Def Jam Music Group
The Island Def Jam Music Group (Island Def Jam) (IDJMG) was an American record label group formed on December 31, 1998, by Universal Music Group. Prior to 2014, Island Def Jam included labels originally established under the umbrellas of Island Records and Def Jam Recordings. On April 1, 2014, Universal Music Group publicly announced the dissolution of the Def Jam Group, leaving IDJMG and its affiliated subsidiaries as separate sister labels.

In 2024, Universal Music Group restructured its East Coast labels, including Def Jam Recordings, Island Records, Mercury Records, and Republic Records, under a central operational hub named Republic Corps.
Bobić
Bobić, Bobic or Bobič is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bernardo Bobić (? –c. 1695), Croatian painter and gilder

Ljubinka Bobić (1897–1978), Serbian actress

Fredi Bobic (1971), German football executive and former player of Slovenian descent

Predrag Bobić (born 1960), Croatian musician, guitarist and music pedagogue

Predrag Bobić
Predrag Bobić (born May 18, 1960), sometimes credited as Dragan Bobić and known by his nickname Bleka, is a Croatian musician, guitarist and music pedagogue. He is most notable as a former bassist of rock band Zabranjeno Pušenje.
Korda
Korda is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alberto Korda (1928–2011), Cuban photographer

Alexander Korda (1893–1956), Hungarian-born British film director and producer

Chris Korda (born 1962), American musician; son of Michael

Dezső Korda (1864–1919), Hungarian engineer, inventor of rotary capacitor

Jessica Korda (born 1993), American golfer; daughter of Petr

Michael Korda (born 1933), English-born American editor and writer

Nelly Korda (born 1998), American golfer; daughter of Petr

Paul Korda (1948-2020), English musician and actor

Petr Korda (born 1968), Czech tennis player

Sebastian Korda (born 2000), American tennis player; son of Petr

Serena Korda (born 1979), British artist

Vincent Korda (1897–1979), Hungarian-born British art director

Zoltán Korda (1895–1961), Hungarian-born film director

Alberto Korda
Alberto Díaz Gutiérrez (September 14, 1928 – May 25, 2001), better known as Alberto Korda or simply Korda, was a Cuban photographer, remembered for his famous image Guerrillero Heroico of Argentine Marxist revolutionary Che Guevara.
No. 247 Squadron RAF
No. 247 Squadron was formerly a squadron of the Royal Air Force. It was also known as No. 247 (China British) Squadron in recognition of the donations made by the British  communities of the foreign concessions established on the Chinese coast. The financial gift to provide two fighter squadrons also included the badge in the form of a scroll with Chinese characters Cheu Feng meaning "fierce wind" or Hurricane, and the motto "Rise from the East". The squadron was heavily involved in air operations during the Second World War, and the defence of the United Kingdom during the early years of the Cold War.

Foreign concessions in China
Foreign concessions in China were a group of concessions that existed during late Imperial China and the Republic of China, which were governed and occupied by foreign powers, and are frequently associated with colonialism and imperialism.

The concessions had extraterritoriality and were enclaves inside key cities that became treaty ports. All the concessions have been dissolved in the present day.
Siegfried Horn
Siegfried Herbert Horn (March 17, 1908 – November 28, 1993) was a Seventh-day Adventist archaeologist and Bible scholar. He is best known for his excavations at Heshbon in Jordan and Shechem in the West Bank. He was Professor of History of Antiquity at the Seventh-day Adventist Theological Seminary in Berrien Springs, Michigan (now part of Andrews University). The Siegfried H. Horn Museum at Andrews University was named in his honor. An educator of wide-ranging interests and abilities, his areas of specialty were Ancient Near Eastern chronology and archaeology.

Near Eastern archaeology
Near Eastern archaeology is a regional branch of the wider, global discipline of archaeology. It refers generally to the excavation and study of artifacts and material culture of the Near East from antiquity to the recent past.
Lottie Pickford
Charlotte Smith (June 9, 1893 – December 9, 1936), known professionally as Lottie Pickford, was a Canadian-American silent film actress and socialite. She was the younger sister of fellow actress Mary Pickford and elder sister of actor Jack Pickford.

One of her best known roles was in The Diamond from the Sky directed by William Desmond Taylor in 1915. Pickford's career often is overshadowed by that of her siblings and though she was a notable figure in the 1920s, her films and role in the Pickford acting family largely are forgotten.

Socialite
A socialite is a person, typically a woman from a wealthy or aristocratic background, who is prominent in high society. A socialite generally spends a significant amount of time attending various fashionable social gatherings, instead of having traditional employment.
2018 UEFA European Under-17 Championship qualification
The 2018 UEFA European Under-17 Championship qualifying competition was a men's under-17 football competition that determined the 15 teams joining the automatically qualified hosts England in the 2018 UEFA European Under-17 Championship final tournament.

Apart from England, all remaining 54 UEFA member national teams entered the qualifying competition (including Kosovo who entered for the first time). Players born on or after 1 January 2001 are eligible to participate. Each match has a duration of 80 minutes, consisting of two halves of 40 minutes with a 15-minute half-time.

Germany national under-17 football team
Germany national under-17 football team, also known as Germany Under-17s or Germany U17(s), represents Germany in association football at an under-17 age level and is controlled by German Football Association, the governing body for football in Germany.
Structural testing
Structural testing is the evaluation of an object (which might be an assembly of objects) to ascertain its characteristics of physical strength.  Testing includes evaluating compressive strength, shear strength, tensile strength, all of which may be conducted to failure or to some satisfactory margin of safety.  Evaluations may also be indirect, using techniques such as x-ray ultrasound, and ground-penetrating radar, among others, to assess the quality of the object.

Structural engineers conduct structural testing to evaluate material suitability for a particular application and to evaluate the capacity of existing structures to withstand foreseeable loads.

Items may include buildings (or components), bridges, airplane wings or other types of structures.

Ultrasound
Ultrasound is sound with frequencies greater than 20 kilohertz. This frequency is the approximate upper audible limit of human hearing in healthy young adults. The physical principles of acoustic waves apply to any frequency range, including ultrasound. Ultrasonic devices operate with frequencies from 20 kHz up to several gigahertz.

Ultrasound is used in many different fields. Ultrasonic devices are used to detect objects and measure distances. Ultrasound imaging or sonography is often used in medicine. In the nondestructive testing of products and structures, ultrasound is used to detect invisible flaws. Industrially, ultrasound is used for cleaning, mixing, and accelerating chemical processes. Animals such as bats and porpoises use ultrasound for locating prey and obstacles.
Bogoslovska smotra
Bogoslovska smotra  (Theological Review) is a Croatian academic journal and among the oldest, still-publishing theology journals in the world, since 1910.

The periodical is referenced in WOS, ESCI, SCOPUS, EBSCO, ERIH PLUS, IBZ Online, Religious and Theological Abstracts.

International Bibliography of Periodical Literature
International Bibliography of Periodical Literature (IBZ: Internationale Bibliographie der Zeitschriftenliteratur) covers the academic journal literature in the humanities, social sciences, and related disciplines. Coverage includes journals from 40 countries and in more than 40 languages. Subject indexing is based on the Subject Headings Authority File (Schlagwortnormdatei) and Name Authority File (Personennormdatei) published by the German National Library. The file size is over 3.3 million records from over 11,000 journals, with 120,000 records added annually. (ISSN 1865-0279; ISBN 978-3-598-69006-8).
Mohiuddin Tareq
Mohiuddin Tareq (born 14 November 2003) is a Bangladeshi cricketer. He made his Twenty20 debut on 10 June 2021, for Gazi Group Cricketers in the 2021 Dhaka Premier Division Twenty20 Cricket League. He was named as the player of the match in the match against Mohammedan Sporting Club on 17 June 2021.

In December 2021, he was named as a standby player in Bangladesh's team for the 2022 ICC Under-19 Cricket World Cup in the West Indies. He made his first-class debut on 26 December 2021, for North Zone, in the 2021–22 Bangladesh Cricket League. He made his List A debut on 26 April 2022, for Rupganj Tigers Cricket Club in the 2021–22 Dhaka Premier Division Cricket League.

Rupganj Tigers Cricket Club
Rupganj Tigers Cricket Club are a team that plays List A cricket in the Dhaka Premier Division Cricket League (DPL) in Bangladesh. They are named after Rupganj in eastern Dhaka, and sponsored by the Gazi Group of companies, which also sponsors the DPL teams Gazi Tyres Cricket Academy and Gazi Group Cricketers.

Rupganj Tigers were promoted to List A status for the first time for the 2021–22 tournament, along with City Club. They played their first match against Abahani Limited on 15 March 2022, winning by seven wickets.

In the 2023–24 tournament, Rupganj Tigers finished eleventh after the round-robin rounds. In the Relegation League matches that followed, they defeated both their opponents, and thus avoided relegation.
Frank Hettinga
Frank Alexander Hettinga (born 26 November 1971, in Sneek) is a sailor from the Netherlands, who represented his country at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Savannah. Hettinga as crew in the Dutch Soling with Willem Potma as helmsman and Gerhard Potma as fellow crew Hettinga took 1st place.

Sailing at the 1996 Summer Olympics – Soling
The Soling Competition at the 1996 Summer Olympics was held from 22 July to 2 August 1996, in Savannah, Georgia, United States. 
The competition was in a combined format. First the competitors had to sail a series of ten fleet races. Points were awarded for placement in each race. The best eight out of ten race scores did count for the placement in the match race series. After the fleetraces a series of matchraces were held to determine the winners.
Maksym Averin
Maksym Averin (born 28 November 1985) is a Ukrainian-born Azerbaijani former professional cyclist, who rode professionally in 2004 and from 2012 to 2017, for the Lokomotiv, Amore & Vita, Atlas Personal–Jakroo and Synergy Baku teams. In May 2017, Averin was given a backdated 15-month ban, having tested positive for meldonium the previous December.

Synergy Baku Cycling Project
The Synergy Baku Cycling Project (UCI team code: BCP) was an Azerbaijani UCI Continental cycling team active from 2013 to 2018. The team was managed by former professional cyclist Jeremy Hunt and sponsored by the Synergy Group.

Competing primarily in road cycling events, the team aimed to develop Azerbaijani cyclists and raise the profile of cycling in Azerbaijan. It participated in various international races under the UCI Continental status.
Mass surveillance in China
Mass surveillance in the People's Republic of China (PRC) is the network of monitoring systems used by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and Chinese government to monitor Chinese citizens. China maintains the largest and most sophisticated mass surveillance system in the world. It is primarily conducted through the government, although corporate surveillance in connection with the CCP and Chinese government also has been reported. China monitors its citizens through Internet surveillance, camera surveillance, and through other digital technologies. The surveillance has become increasingly widespread and grown in sophistication under General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party Xi Jinping's administration.

Ministry of Industry and Information Technology
The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) is the sixth-ranked executive department of the State Council of the People's Republic of China. It is responsible for regulation and development of the postal service, Internet, wireless, broadcasting, communications, production of electronic and information goods, software industry and the promotion of the national knowledge economy.
Devereux FC
Devereux Football Club is a football club based in Logan Town, Bushrod Island, Monrovia, Liberia. It was established in 1991 by friends of Silesia's brother Sean Devereux, a philanthropist who worked during the crisis in Liberia. Devereux F.C. is an affiliate of the Sean Devereux Children Foundation based in the United Kingdom; and associates with other Sean Devereux Programs in Liberia. The club's vision is "to transform street kids into career personnel through the means of soccer".

Sean Devereux
Sean Devereux (25 November 1964 – 2 January 1993) was a British Salesian aid worker assassinated in Kismayo, Somalia in 1993 while working for UNICEF. He has since become an important role model for the aid-working vocation, particularly among Christians.