hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Southesk Formation
The Southesk Formation is a stratigraphic unit of Late Devonian (late Frasnian) age. It is present on the western edge of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin in the Rocky Mountains and foothills of Alberta and southeastern British Columbia. It was named for the Southesk River in Jasper National Park by D.J. McLaren in 1955.

The formation consists primarily of dolomite and it preserves fossils of marine animals such as stromatoporoids and rugose corals.

Alberta's Rockies
Alberta's Rockies comprise the  Canadian Rocky Mountains in Alberta, Canada. On the southwestern part of the province along the British Columbia border, the region covers all but the south of Census Division 15.

The main industry in this region is tourism.
Chivers
Chivers is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Barrie Chivers, Canadian politician

C. J. (Christopher John) Chivers, American journalist

Dirk Chivers, Dutch pirate

Frank Chivers, English footballer

Gary Chivers, English footballer

Martin Chivers (1945–2026), English footballer

Thomas Holley Chivers, American poet

Martin Chivers
Martin Harcourt Chivers (27 April 1945 – 7 January 2026) was an English professional footballer who played as a forward. He began his career with his hometown club Southampton where he had a successful six years and in 1968 was bought by Tottenham Hotspur for a club and league record sum of £125,000. With Spurs he went on to win the Football League Cup twice and the UEFA Cup in the 1971–72 season.

At the age of 31 Chivers moved to Swiss club Servette and there  also won silverware, first with the Coppa delle Alpi, then the Swiss League Cup in 1977 and finally the Swiss Cup in 1977–78. Returning to England in 1978, Chivers had spells with Norwich City, Brighton & Hove Albion and finished his playing career with Barnet.

From 1971 to 1973, he played for the England national team, scoring thirteen goals in 24 appearances, but did not represent his country at a major tournament.
EON Reality
EON Reality is a multinational virtual reality and augmented reality software developer headquartered in Irvine, California. The company was founded by Dan Lejerskar, Mikael Jacobsson and Mats W. Johansson in 1999. Its clients include Boeing, Microsoft, Lexus and Cornell University.

The company has subsidiaries in  Gothenburg (Sweden), Singapore, Italy (Bologna), China and Dominican Republic.

Irvine, California
Irvine (/ˈɜːrvaɪn/, UR-vine) is a planned city in central Orange County, California, United States, in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. It was named in 1888 for the landowner James Irvine. The Irvine Company started developing the area in the 1960s and the city was formally incorporated on December 28, 1971. The 66-square-mile (170 km2) city had a population of 318,629 as of June 2025. As of 2025, it is the second most populous city in Orange County, fifth most in the Greater Los Angeles region, and 62nd most in the United States.

Several major corporations in the technology and semiconductor sectors maintain their headquarters in Irvine. Irvine is also home to several higher-education institutions including the University of California, Irvine (UCI), Concordia University, Irvine Valley College, and campuses of University of La Verne and Pepperdine University.
Berzelia dregeana
Berzelia dregeana is a shrub that belongs to the Bruniaceae family. The species is endemic to the Western Cape and is part of the fynbos. The plant occurs from the Kogelberg to Bettys Bay. It has an area of occurrence of 210 km² and there are five subpopulations. The species falls under the protection of the Kogelberg Nature Reserve and has no threats. The plant is considered rare.

Kogelberg Nature Reserve
Kogelberg Nature Reserve is a nature reserve of 3,000 ha (7,400 acres) comprising the Kogelberg Mountain Range, to the east of Cape Town, South Africa.

With about 1600 plant species, it contains a floral diversity per unit area that is greater than anywhere else in the world.
Saitama Stadium 2002
Saitama Stadium 2002 (埼玉スタジアム2002, Saitama Sutajiamu Nimarumaruni), a.k.a. the Saitama Stadium (埼玉スタジアム, Saitama Sutajiamu) or simply Saisuta (埼スタ), is a football stadium located in Midori-ku, Saitama, Japan.

Currently, J1 League club Urawa Red Diamonds use this stadium for home games. It is the largest football-specific stadium in Japan and is one of the largest stadiums in Asia. It has hosted the semi-finals of both the 2002 FIFA World Cup and the football tournament at the 2020 Summer Olympics. It is also the home stadium of Japan national football team in almost every FIFA World Cup qualifying matches.

J1 League
The J1 League (Japanese: J1リーグ, Hepburn: Jē-wan Rīgu), a.k.a. the J.League or the Meiji Yasuda J1 League (Japanese: 明治安田J1リーグ, Hepburn: Meiji Yasuda Jē-wan Rīgu) for sponsorship reasons, is a professional association football league in Japan and the highest level of the Japanese football league system.

Contested by 20 clubs, it operates on a system of promotion and relegation with the J2 League. Both the J1 and J2 leagues are operated by the Japan Professional Football League (日本プロサッカーリーグ, Nihon Puro Sakkā Rīgu).

Founded in 1992, it is one of the most successful leagues in Asian professional club football history. It was known as the J.League from 1993 to 1998 before becoming a two-division league, and as J.League Division 1 from 1999 to 2014. The current champions are Kashima Antlers, who won a record-extending ninth J.League title and a record-breaking ninth top flight title in the 2025 season.
William Benson (abbot)
William Benson (1495 – 1549) was an English Benedictine, the last Abbot of Westminster and first Dean of Westminster. He was a friend of Thomas Cranmer, and belonged to the evangelical circle around Cranmer that included Thomas Goodrich, Hugh Latimer and Thomas Thirlby.

Hugh Latimer
Hugh Latimer (c. 1487 – 16 October 1555) was a Fellow of Clare College, Cambridge, and Bishop of Worcester during the Reformation, and later Church of England chaplain to King Edward VI. In 1555 under the Catholic Queen Mary I he was burned at the stake, becoming one of the three Oxford Martyrs of Anglicanism.
Brumoides lineatus
Brumoides lineatus, sometimes known as broad vein-longitudinal striped ladybug, is a species of lady beetle found in China, Myanmar, Thailand, Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, and Pakistan.

Primarily an aphidophagous species, it is known to feed on Aphis glycines, Melanaphis sacchari, Oracella acuta, Phenacoccus solenopsis and Planococcus citri.

Phenacoccus solenopsis
Phenacoccus solenopsis, the cotton mealybug or solenopsis mealybug, is a species of mealybug in the family Pseudococcidae. Having originated in North America, it has spread to other parts of the world and become a major pest of cotton crops.
Andino (surname)
Andino is a surname of Italian and Spanish origin. Some notable people with the surname include:

Cristóbal de Andino (1480–1543) Spanish renaissance artist

Alex Andino (born 1982), Honduran footballer

Erick Andino (born 1989), Honduran footballer

Kolohe Andino (born 1994), American surfer

Dino Andino (born 1972), American surfer

Lauren Andino (born 1986), American artist, skateboarder, and musician

Marco Antonio Andino (1955–2015), Honduran politician and lawyer

Mario Antonio Andino (1936–2014), Salvadoran politician and businessman

Mariela Andino (born 1992), Dominican team handball player

Paola Andino (born 1998), American actress

Robert Andino (born 1984), Cuban-American baseball player

Roberto Andino (born 1956), Puerto Rican boxer

Tiburcio Carías Andino (1876–1969), President of Honduras (1924, 1933–1949) and military officer

Guillermo Andino (born 1968), Argentinian journalist

Paolo Andino, Cuban-American actor

Tiburcio Carías Andino
Tiburcio Carías Andino (5 March 1876 – 23 December 1969) was a Honduran politician and military officer with the rank of major general. He served as the 38th president of Honduras, briefly in 1924 as constitutional president and later in the form of a dictatorial regime from 1933 until 1949. He was elected president of Honduras in the midst of the Great Depression. He strengthened the Armed Forces, maintained the support of the banana companies by opposing strikes, strongly aligned its government with that of the United States, and kept the country in strict adherence to debt payments.
1998 Westside Middle School shooting
The 1998 Westside Middle School shooting was a mass shooting that occurred on March 24, 1998, at Westside Middle School in unincorporated Craighead County, Arkansas, near the city of Jonesboro. Thirteen-year-old Mitchell Johnson and eleven-year-old Andrew Golden opened fire on the school, shooting and killing five people and wounding ten others. Both were arrested when they attempted to flee the scene. On August 11, 1998, Golden and Johnson were convicted of five murders and ten assaults, and were imprisoned until each turned twenty-one years of age. After the 1992 Lindhurst High School shooting that killed four people in Olivehurst, California, the massacre was the deadliest non-college school shooting in contemporary U.S. history until the April 1999 Columbine High School massacre. As of 2025, the incident is the deadliest mass shooting at a middle school in U.S. history.

Cave City, Arkansas
Cave City is a city in Independence and Sharp counties in the U.S. state of Arkansas.  The population was 1,922 at the 2020 U.S. Census. The city was named for a large cave underneath the Crystal River Tourist Camp, which is the oldest motor court in Arkansas. Cave City is known for its award-winning "world's sweetest" watermelons and holds an annual watermelon festival in July.
Manikkodi
Manikkodi was a Tamil non-fiction literary weekly that was published from 1933 to 1939. Founded by Stalin Srinivasan, V. Ramaswami Iyengar and T. S. Chockalingam, the magazine was noted for its expertly-written articles by eminent authors like Swaminatha Athreya and gave birth to the Manikkodi Literary Movement. The magazine launched the careers of newcomers like C. S. Chellappa, Puthumaipithan, and Chitti who have earned acclaim as literary greats.

Pudhumaipithan
C. Viruthachalam (25 April 1906 – 30 June 1948), better known by the pseudonym Pudhumaipithan (also spelt as Pudumaipithan or Puthumaippiththan), was one of the most influential and revolutionary writers of Tamil fiction. His works were characterized by social satire, progressive thinking and outspoken criticism of accepted conventions. Contemporary writers and critics found it difficult to accept his views and his works were received with extreme hostility. He as an individual and his works have been extensively reviewed and debated for over sixty years since his death. His influence has been accepted and appreciated by the present day writers and critics of Tamil fiction. In 2002, the Government of Tamil Nadu nationalised the works of Pudumaippithan.
Ray Peckham
Raymond Edward "Uncle Ray" Peckham (24 June 1929 – 6 June 2025) was an Aboriginal Australian activist and Wiradjuri man renowned for his lifelong advocacy of Indigenous rights. A pioneering figure in linking the Aboriginal rights movement with trade unions and socialist politics, he played a critical role in landmark campaigns against segregation and discrimination in mid-20th century Australia.

Wiradjuri
The Wiradjuri people (Wiradjuri northern dialect pronunciation [wiraːjd̪uːraj]; Wiradjuri southern dialect pronunciation [wiraːjɟuːraj]) are a group of Aboriginal Australian people from central New South Wales, united by common descent through kinship and shared traditions. They survived as skilled hunter-fisher-gatherers, in family groups or clans, and many still use knowledge of hunting and gathering techniques as part of their customary life.

In the 21st century, major Wiradjuri groups live in Condobolin, Peak Hill, Narrandera and Griffith. There are significant populations at Wagga Wagga and Leeton and smaller groups at West Wyalong, Parkes, Dubbo, Forbes, Cootamundra, Darlington Point, Cowra and Young.
Fleet board
Fleet board is a term in the Royal Navy for the examination cadet officers take which qualifies them to become commissioned officers.

After passing the examination, officers who entered as sub-lieutenants have their commissions backdated to the date when they entered the Royal Navy.  Midshipmen are also considered commissioned officers at this point, but are not immediately promoted to sub-lieutenant.  Between 1955 and 1993, midshipmen were promoted to the rank acting sub-lieutenant after passing the fleet board, but today this rank is only used in the Royal Naval Reserve.   After 1955, midshipmen were no longer allowed to serve in the fleet as officers, so in practice they only serve a few weeks as commissioned midshipmen while completing their post-examination training.

Similar examinations are also used for a similar purpose in other Commonwealth navies, notably the Royal Australian Navy, the Royal Canadian Navy and the Royal New Zealand Navy.

Royal New Zealand Navy
The Royal New Zealand Navy (RNZN; Māori: Te Taua Moana o Aotearoa, lit. 'the Sea War Party of New Zealand') is the maritime arm of the New Zealand Defence Force. The fleet currently consists of eight ships. The Navy had its origins in the Naval Defence Act 1913, and the subsequent acquisition of the cruiser HMS Philomel, which by 1921 had been moored in Auckland as a training ship. A slow buildup occurred during the interwar period, and then in December 1939 HMS Achilles fought alongside two other Royal Navy cruisers at the Battle of the River Plate against the German ship, Graf Spee.
Ryuto Yasuoka
Ryuto Yasuoka (保岡 龍斗, Yasuoka Ryūto; born April 27, 1995) is a Japanese professional basketball player who plays for Akita Northern Happinets of the B.League in Japan. He also plays for Japan men's national 3x3 team, and competed in the 2020 Summer Olympics. He is the first Olympian from Edogawa University.

Japan men's national 3x3 team
The Japan men's national 3x3 team represents Japan in international 3x3 (3 against 3) basketball competitions. It is governed by the Japan Basketball Association (JBA). (Japanese: 日本バスケットボール協会)

It represents the country in international 3x3 (3 against 3) basketball competitions.

As of late 2019, the head coach has been Torsten Loibl.
Lovász number
In graph theory, the Lovász number of a graph is a real number that is an upper bound on the Shannon capacity of the graph. It is also known as Lovász theta function and is commonly denoted by , using a script form of the Greek letter theta to contrast with the upright theta used for Shannon capacity. This quantity was first introduced by László Lovász in his 1979 paper On the Shannon Capacity of a Graph.

Accurate numerical approximations to this number can be computed in polynomial time by semidefinite programming and the ellipsoid method.
The Lovász number of the complement of any graph is sandwiched between the chromatic number and clique number of the graph, and can be used to compute these numbers on graphs for which they are equal, including perfect graphs.

Upper and lower bounds
In mathematics, particularly in order theory, an upper bound or majorant of a subset S of some preordered set (K, ≤) is an element of K that is greater than or equal to every element of S.
Dually, a lower bound or minorant of S is defined to be an element of K that is less than or equal to every element of S. 
A set with an upper (respectively, lower) bound is said to be bounded from above or majorized (respectively bounded from below or minorized) by that bound. 
The terms bounded above (bounded below) are also used in the mathematical literature for sets that have upper (respectively lower) bounds.
Tamil Renaissance
Tamil Renaissance refers to the literary, cultural, social reform and political movements that took place in the Tamil-speaking districts of Southern India starting in the second half of the 19th century and lasting to the culmination of the anti-Hindi agitations of the 1960s.

The period was characterized by a literary revival, spearheaded by Tamil writers of two different factions. One preferred an increased mixture of Sanskrit words with Tamil, believing that such a fusion raised the quality of Tamil language. The other faction favored reducing Sanskrit words to the barest minimum, in the belief that Sanskrit-origin words made the Tamil language lose its individuality. Rapid propagation of Western ideas and formulation of the Dravidian civilization theory during the second half of the 19th century inculcated a sense of pride in educated Tamils, eventually leading to the birth of Tamil nationalism, which inspired the Dravidian movement.

Robert Caldwell
Robert Caldwell (7 May 1814 – 28 August 1891) was a British missionary and linguist.

A missionary for the London Missionary Society, he arrived in British India at age 24, and studied the local language to spread the word of the Bible in a vernacular language, studies that led him to author a text on comparative grammar of the South Indian languages. In his book, Caldwell proposed that there are Dravidian words in the Hebrew of the Old Testament, the archaic Greek language, and the places named by Ptolemy.

Caldwell married Eliza Mault, the daughter of another missionary Rev. Charles Mault posted in India. He served as assistant bishop of Tirunelveli from 1877.

The Government of Tamil Nadu has created a memorial in his honor and a postage stamp has been issued in his name. A statue of Caldwell was erected in 1967 near to Marina Beach, Chennai, as a gift of the Church of South India.
La Damigella di Scalot
La Damigella di Scalot is a thirteenth-century Italian romance novellina, i.e. a very short story, included in the collection Il Novellino: Le ciento novelle antiche (Novellino. The hundred ancient tales) as the 82nd tale. It tells the story of the unrequited love of the titular Lady of Scalot for Sir Lancelot and the subsequent death of the lady by lovesickness.

The character of the Lady of Scalot is based on the Arthurian legend of Elaine of Astolat. British Romantic poet Alfred Lord Tennyson wrote a poem on the same topic titled "The Lady of Shalott", a lyrical ballad which sets the story on an island in the river "flowing down to Camelot". It adds the element of a mysterious curse by fear of which she never leaves her fortress and passes the time by weaving a tapestry of "shadows" seen through her mirror.

Lovesickness
Lovesickness is the mental state brought on by the personal experience of unrequited love, or unrequited limerence (also known as infatuated love or being smitten). Research on the biology of romantic love indicates that the early stage of intense romantic love (also called passionate love) resembles addiction, but academics do not currently agree on how love addiction is defined. Lovesickness is characterized by addictive cravings, depression and intrusive thoughts about a love object.

The term "lovesickness" is rarely used in modern medicine, though new research is emerging on the impact of heartbreak on the body and mind.
Eva (2011 film)
Eva is a 2011 science fiction film directed by Kike Maíllo and starring Daniel Brühl, Marta Etura, Alberto Ammann, Claudia Vega, Anne Canovas and Lluís Homar. A co-production between Spain and France, the film had its world premiere on 7 September 2011 at the 68th Venice International Film Festival, where it was screened out of competition. It was released theatrically in Spain on 28 October 2011 and in France on 21 March 2012.

Eva was nominated in twelve categories at the 26th Goya Awards, scoring three wins—Best New Director, Best Supporting Actor and Best Special Effects. It earned nominations for Best Actor, Best Cinematography, Best Editing, Best Make Up and Hairstyles, Best Original Score, Best Original Screenplay, Best Production Design, Best Production Supervision and Best Sound. The film was also nominated for sixteen Gaudí Awards, winning five.

Goya Award for Best Original Screenplay
The Goya Award for Best Original Screenplay (Spanish Premio Goya al mejor guión original) is one of the Goya Awards, Spain's principal national film awards.

For the first two editions of the Goya Awards, only one award for screenplays was presented which included both original and adapted screenplays, with both winners being adaptations, Voyage to Nowhere in 1986 (based on the novel of the same name by Fernando Fernán Gómez) and El bosque animado (based on the eponymous novel by Wenceslao Fernández Flórez) in 1987. Since the third edition, two awards are presented separately, Best Original Screenplay and Best Adapted Screenplay.

Alejandro Amenábar holds the record for most wins in this category with four victories, winning for Tesis (1996), The Others (2001), The Sea Inside (2004) and Agora (2009). Pedro Almodóvar has received more nominations in this category than any other nominee, with seven nominations.
Adrian Vowles
Adrian Vowles (born 30 May 1971) is a former professional Scotland international rugby league footballer who played as a loose forward or centre in the 1990s and 2000s. He played in Australia for several years, gaining State of Origin selection in 1994, but spent the majority of his career in the Super League.

Man of Steel Awards
The Steve Prescott Man of Steel Awards is an end-of-season awards dinner for the Super League rugby league competition. The event's name is taken from the main award presented, the Man of Steel award for the rugby league footballer of the year. In 2014, it was renamed after Steve Prescott.
Silicon Quantum Computing
Silicon Quantum Computing Pty Ltd (SQC) is a Sydney, Australia-based quantum computing company.

The company develops quantum computers and analogue quantum devices using phosphorus atoms manufactured within silicon using scanning tunnelling microscopes, an approach within the field of spin qubits.

Distinct from other companies within the spin qubits modality, SQC uses the nuclear spin of phosphorus atoms placed within isotopically pure Si-28 wafers for quantum computation. Atoms used as qubits have demonstrated favourable performance indicators such as long coherence times and biased noise.

Spin qubit quantum computer
The spin qubit quantum computer is a quantum computer based on controlling the spin of charge carriers (electrons and electron holes) in semiconductor devices. The first spin qubit quantum computer was first proposed by Daniel Loss and David P. DiVincenzo in 1997,. The proposal was to use the intrinsic spin-1/2 degree of freedom of individual electrons confined in quantum dots as qubits. This should not be confused with other proposals that use the nuclear spin as qubit, like the Kane quantum computer or the nuclear magnetic resonance quantum computer.