hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Joseph Kuzmin
Iosif Iosifovich Kuzmin (Russian: Ио́сиф Ио́сифович Кузьми́н; 19 May [O.S. 1 June] 1910 – 12 January 1996) was a Soviet-Russian statesman who was First Deputy of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union from 1957 to 1958 and Chairman of the State Planning Committee from 1957 to 1959.

Kuzmin was awarded the Order of Lenin, Order of the Patriotic War, 1st class, Order of the Red Star and the Order of the Badge of Honour.

Gosplan
The State Planning Committee, commonly known as Gosplan (Russian: Госплан [ɡosˈpɫan]), was the agency responsible for central economic planning in the Soviet Union. Established in 1921 and remaining in existence until the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, Gosplan had as its main task the creation and administration of a series of five-year plans governing the economy of the USSR.
Koźlice, Zgorzelec County
Koźlice [kɔˈʑlit͡sɛ] (German: Köslitz, Upper Sorbian: Kožlici) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zgorzelec, within Zgorzelec County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland, close to the German border.

Lower Silesian Voivodeship
Lower Silesian Voivodeship (Polish: województwo dolnośląskie, [vɔjɛˈvut͡stfɔ dɔlnɔˈɕlɔ̃skjɛ] ⓘ) in southwestern Poland, is one of the 16 voivodeships (provinces) into which Poland is divided. It covers an area of 19,946 square kilometres (7,701 sq mi) and as of 2019 has a total population of 2,899,986.

It is one of the wealthiest provinces in Poland, as natural resources such as copper, brown coal and rock materials are widely present.

Its capital and largest city is Wrocław, situated on the Oder River. The voivodeship is host to several spa towns, many castles and palaces, and the Giant Mountains, with several ski resorts. For this reason, tourism is a large part of this region's economy.
Triomphante-class corvette-cannonière
The Triomphante class was a class of four small corvettes (described as "corvette-canonnières") built for the French Navy, designed by Jean-Francois Chaumont as a follow-on to the Foudre-class corvette-canonnières (which had been designed by engineer Jean Tupinier to transport Napoleon himself and his general officers and staff during the planned invasion of England). Two of the Triomphante-class were built by Jean Tupinier himself at Le Havre, and two by Jean-Louis Pestel at Honfleur. The vessels were flush-decked and designed to carry a battery of four 24-pounder guns.

Honfleur
Honfleur (French: [ɔ̃flœʁ] ⓘ) is a commune in the Calvados department in northwestern France. It is located on the southern bank of the estuary of the Seine across from Le Havre and very close to the exit of the Pont de Normandie. The people that inhabit Honfleur are called Honfleurais.

It is especially known for its old port, characterized by its houses with slate-covered frontages, painted frequently by artists. There have been many notable artists, including Gustave Courbet, Eugène Boudin, Claude Monet and Johan Jongkind. They all met at La Ferme Saint Siméon, which is now a five-star hotel, and created the "Saint Siméon gathering", contributing to the appearance of the Impressionist movement. The Sainte-Catherine church, which has a bell tower separate from the principal building, is the largest wooden church in France.
2016 IPC Athletics European Championships – Women's 100 metres
The women's 100 metres at the 2016 IPC Athletics European Championships was held at the Stadio Olimpico Carlo Zecchini in Grosseto from 11–16 June.

Bronze medals were not awarded in the T34, T53 and T54 due to only three competitors being present in each race.

Grosseto
Grosseto (Italian pronunciation: [ɡrosˈseːto] ⓘ) is a city and a comune in the central Italian region of Tuscany, capital of the province of Grosseto. It is the most populous city of Maremma region and southern Tuscany.

Located at the center of the Maremma region, the city was born on the right bank of the Ombrone river, near the Tyrrhenian Sea. The first center raised in the Middle Ages, following the end of the ancient city of Rusellae. Since the 19th century has had a great economic and demographic development, which makes it an important city for services, agriculture and as a seaside resort.

The comune of Grosseto, with 82,284 inhabitants, includes the frazioni of Marina di Grosseto, Roselle, Principina a Mare, Principina Terra, Montepescali, Braccagni, Istia d'Ombrone, Batignano, Alberese and Rispescia.
Momordicinin
Momordicinin (13β,28-epoxy-urs-11-en-3-one) is chemical compound, a triterpene with formula C30H46O2, found in the fresh fruit of the bitter melon (Momordica charantia).

The compound is soluble in ethyl acetate and chloroform but not in petrol.  It crystallizes as irregular plates that melt at 146−147 °C.  It was isolated in 1997 by S. Begum and others.

Ethyl acetate
Ethyl acetate (commonly abbreviated EtOAc, ETAC or EA) is the organic compound with the formula CH3CO2CH2CH3, simplified to C4H8O2. This flammable, colorless liquid has a characteristic sweet smell (similar to pear drops) and is used in glues, nail polish removers, and the decaffeination process of tea and coffee. Ethyl acetate is the ester of ethanol and acetic acid; it is manufactured on a large scale for use as a solvent.
Semele (Eccles)
Semele is an opera by John Eccles, written in about 1706 with a libretto by William Congreve drawing on the Semele myth from Ovid's Metamorphoses. It forms part of the English opera tradition of Blow's Venus and Adonis, but was never staged due to changes in popular taste at the time. Indeed, the opera remained unperformed until the mid twentieth century, eclipsed by George Frideric Handel's 1744 secular oratorio of the same name, based on the same libretto.

Academy of Ancient Music
The Academy of Ancient Music (AAM) is a British period-instrument orchestra based in Cambridge, England. Founded by harpsichordist Christopher Hogwood in 1973, it was named after an 18th-century organisation of the same name (originally the Academy of Vocal Music). The musicians play on either original instruments from the period when the music was composed or modern copies of such instruments. They generally play Baroque, Classical, and sometimes Romantic music, although they have also played some new compositions for baroque orchestra in recent years.
Under the Same Sky
Under the Same Sky (Macedonian: Под исто небо, transliterated: Pod isto nebo) is a 1964 Macedonian war drama film directed by Ljubisha Georgievski, based on a screenplay by Jovan Boshkovski. The film stars Darko Damevski, Bekim Fehmiu and Dragomir Felba. It was released through the production company Vardar Film. The film is set in 1943 Western North Macedonia following the capitulation of the Italian occupiers of World War II.

Vardar Film
Vardar Film (Macedonian: Вардар Филм) is a film production and distribution company based in Skopje, North Macedonia. It began operations in 1947, when North Macedonia was part of the former Yugoslavia.

The company produced the films: Tattoo (1991), Happy New Year '49 (1986), Haj Faj (1987), Tri Ani (1959), The mountain of anger (1968).
The studio has made about 700 documentary short and animated films in period from 1947 till 1991. In 2013 the Government of Macedonia has decided to rename the company from Vardar Film Skopje to Vardar Film Macedonia.
Edna Staebler Award
The Edna Staebler Award for Creative Non-Fiction is an annual literary award recognizing the previous year's best creative nonfiction book with a "Canadian locale and/or significance" that is a Canadian writer's "first or second published book of any type or genre". It was established by an endowment from Edna Staebler, a literary journalist best known for cookbooks, and was inaugurated in 1991 for publication year 1990. The award is administered by Wilfrid Laurier University's Faculty of Arts. Only submitted books are considered.

For purposes of the award, "Creative non-fiction is literary not journalistic. The writer does not merely give information but intimately shares an experience with the reader by telling a factual story using the devices of fiction ... Rather than emphasizing objectivity, the book should have feeling, and should be a compelling, engaging read."

Wilfrid Laurier University
Wilfrid Laurier University (WLU or simply Laurier) is a public university in Ontario, Canada, with campuses in Waterloo, Brantford and Milton. It is named in honour of Sir Wilfrid Laurier, the seventh Prime Minister of Canada. A "multi-campus multi-community university", Laurier offers undergraduate and graduate programs in a variety of fields with over 17,000 full-time undergraduate students, over 1000 full-time graduate students, and nearly 4,000 part-time students as of late 2019. Laurier's varsity teams, known as the Wilfrid Laurier Golden Hawks, compete in the West Conference of the Ontario University Athletics, affiliated with U Sports.
Hallet Ara
Hallet Ara (Arabic: حلة عارا) is a Syrian village in the Jableh District in Latakia Governorate. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Hallet Ara had a population of 1,015 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are Alawites. The village is built across a steep escarpment above the Hallet Ara valley. It was among the Alawite villages that revolted or resisted Ottoman authority in the period immediately following the Ottoman conquest of Syria in 1517. By 1547, the village was recorded to have paid 472 dirhems or piasters and its inhabitants were classified as part of the Alawite Kalbiyya tribal confederation.

Escarpment
An escarpment is a steep slope or long cliff that forms as a result of faulting or erosion and separates two relatively level areas having different elevations.

Similarity causes  the term scarp to be incorrectly used interchangeably with escarpment, which refers to the margin between two landforms as opposed to scarp, which refers to a cliff or a steep slope. In this usage, an escarpment is a ridge that has a gentle slope on one side and a steep scarp on the other side.

More loosely, the term scarp also describes a zone between a coastal lowland and a continental plateau that shows a marked, abrupt change in elevation caused by coastal erosion at the base of the plateau.
Loreto, Switzerland
Loreto is a quarter of the city of Lugano, in the Swiss canton of Ticino. It forms the part of the city which surrounds the shrine of Our Lady of Loreto to the south of the city center, and includes the Lake Lugano waterfront south of the city centre but north of Paradiso. In 2011, it had a population of 3,221.

Paradiso, Ticino
Paradiso is a municipality in the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. It lies on the shore of Lake Lugano and, although administratively independent of the city of Lugano, it is surrounded on all other sides by that city.
Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory
Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory is a peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes articles and book reviews on corpus linguistics, with a focus on corpus-linguistic findings and their relevance to linguistic theory. It is published by de Gruyter Mouton and the editor-in-chief is Stefanie Wulff (University of Florida).

De Gruyter Brill
Walter de Gruyter GmbH, known as De Gruyter Brill (German: [də ˈɡʁɔʏtɐ]), is a German scholarly publishing house specializing in academic literature.

Known as De Gruyter until 2024, it merged its operations with those of the Dutch publisher Brill Publishers, forming De Gruyter Brill.
El Jobean Hotel
The El Jobean Hotel (also known as the Grand Hotel-El Jobean Fishing Lodge) was a historic hotel in El Jobean, Florida, United States. It was located at 4381 Garden Road, across the street from the El Jobean Post Office and General Store and was add to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places on September 29, 1999. It was demolished in 2022

El Jobean, Florida
El Jobean is an unincorporated community in Charlotte County, Florida, United States. It is located off State Road 776, on the northern banks of the Myakka River. The community is part of the Sarasota-Bradenton-Punta Gorda Combined Statistical Area.  The ZIP Code for El Jobean is 33953.
Arpád Györi
Arpád Györi (born 26 September 1970) is a Slovak ice hockey coach and former player. He played as a right winger. He is currently the head coach of HC Tábor of the Czech 2nd liga.

Györi played in the Czech Extraliga for HC České Budějovice and HC Železárny Třinec from 1993 to 1998 He also played in the Tipsport Liga for HC Košice and HK Dukla Trenčín before spending three seasons playing in Germany for EHC Wolfsburg in the Oberliga and the 2nd Bundesliga.

During the 2002–03 season, Györi joined HC Tábor of the Czech 2nd liga and remained a player there until his retirement in 2008. He later became assistant coach for the team and became head coach in 2018.

HC Oceláři Třinec
HC Oceláři Třinec (Třinec Steelers) is a Czech ice hockey team from Třinec who play in the Czech Extraliga, the top tier of Czech ice hockey. Their home arena is the Werk Arena. The team's main sponsors are the local Třinec Iron and Steel Works

The team has won the Czech Extraliga six times, most recently in the 2023–24 season. The last five title wins came in consecutive years, winning 16 straight playoff series in the process.
Peperomia tuerckheimii
Peperomia tuerckheimii is a species of flowering plant in the family Piperaceae, It is a perennial lithophyte and epiphyte. It was first described by Casimir de Candolle and published in the book "Annuaire du Conservatoire et du Jardin Botaniques de Genève 2: 279. 1898. ". It primarily grows on wet tropical biomes. The species name came from Tuerckheim, who had expeditions in Guatemala, where first specimens of this species were collected.

Lithophyte
Lithophytes are plants that grow in or on rocks.  Epilithic (or epipetric) lithophytes grow on the surfaces of rocks, while endolithic (or chasmophytes) lithophytes grow in the cracks or crevices of rocks. Obligate lithophytes grow solely on rocks, while facultative lithophytes will grow partially on a rock and on another substrate simultaneously.
Ioannis Nembidis
Ioannis Nembidis (10 March 1928 – 6 November 2000) was a Greek footballer. He played in seven matches for the Greece national football team from 1949 to 1958. He was also named in Greece's squad for the Group 10 qualification tournament for the 1954 FIFA World Cup.

1954 FIFA World Cup
The 1954 FIFA World Cup was the fifth edition of the FIFA World Cup, the quadrennial international football tournament for senior men's national teams of the nations affiliated to FIFA. It was held in Switzerland from 16 June to 4 July. Switzerland was selected as the host country in July 1946. At the tournament, several all-time records for goalscoring were set, including the highest average number of goals scored per game. The tournament was won by West Germany, who defeated tournament favourites Hungary 3–2 in the final for their first World Cup title. Uruguay, the defending champions, were eliminated by Hungary and would lose to Austria in the match for third place.

The highest scoring match of a men’s World Cup happened in the quarter-finals of this tournament, when Austria defeated hosts Switzerland 7–5. The 12 goals of that match have never been surpassed in a men’s World Cup since — the 2019 Women's World Cup saw the USA beat Thailand 13–0.
Carnival Paradise
Carnival Paradise (formerly Paradise) is a Fantasy-class cruise ship operated by Carnival Cruise Line. Built by Kværner Masa-Yards at its Helsinki New Shipyard in Helsinki, Finland, she was floated out on 29 January 1998, and christened as Paradise by Paula Zahn.  During 2007, in common with all of her Fantasy-class sisters, she had the prefix Carnival added to her name.

Hietalahti shipyard
Hietalahti shipyard (also known as Helsinki New Shipyard, Finnish: Helsingin uusi telakka) is a shipyard in Hietalahti, in downtown Helsinki, Finland. Since 2019, it has been operated by a company named Helsinki Shipyard.
Awaze Tribune
The Awaze Tribune or AwazeTribune is an Eritrean news satire organization that publishes articles on international, national, and local news. Based in Asmara, Eritrea.  The website carries articles that may cover current events, both real and fictional, satirizing the tone and format of traditional news organizations with stories, editorials, op-ed pieces, and man-in-the-street interviews using a traditional news website layout and an editorial voice modelled after The New York Times, and the usage of the AP Style of news writing.

Op-ed
An op-ed is a type of written prose that expresses a strong, focused opinion on an issue of relevance to the target audience, and is commonly found in newspapers, magazines, and online publications. Typically ranging from 500 to 700 words, op-eds are distinct from articles written by the publication's editorial board and often feature the opinions of outside contributors.

Op-eds allow authors, not part of the publication's editorial team, to express opinions, perspectives, and arguments on various issues of public interest. Unlike traditional editorials, which reflect the opinion of the publication itself, op-eds offer independent voices a foundation to influence public discourse. The New York Times is widely credited with popularizing the modern op-ed format.
Dosti (1971 film)
Dosti is a 1971 Pakistani romantic musical film directed by Sharif Nayyar and produced by Ejaz Durrani who also played the leading role in the film along with Shabnam and Abdur Rahman. The film was released on 7 February 1971, was Diamond jubilee success at the box office. It was also released in the UK. The film was shot in Northern Areas of Pakistan (Naran, Kaghan) and the UK.

The film became popular due to its music which was composed by A. Hameed. "Chitthi Zara Saiyaan Ji", "Roothe Saiyaan" and "Yeh Wadiyaan" were the big hits from the film. At the 1971 Nigar Awards, the film won the highest number of awards including the Best Film award, Best Director award and Best Actress award for Shabnam.

Kaghan Valley
The Kaghan Valley (Hindko, Urdu: وادی کاغان) is an alpine valley in Mansehra District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The valley stretches 154 kilometres (96 mi) across the mountaineous northern Pakistan, rising from its lowest elevation of 650 m (2,134 ft) to its highest point at the Babusar Pass around 4,170 m (13,690 ft). Landslides triggered by the devastating 2005 Kashmir earthquake destroyed many passes leading into the valley, though roads have since been rebuilt. Kaghan is a popular tourist attraction in Pakistan.
Christmas Is Almost Here
Christmas Is Almost Here is the 19th studio album, and first Christmas album, by American singer-songwriter Carly Simon, released by Rhino Entertainment, on October 22, 2002.

Featuring a mixture of seasonal classics and original compositions, the album features Willie Nelson in a duet on "Pretty Paper", and Simon's son Ben Taylor in a duet on "God Rest Ye Merry, Gentlemen". Simon's former brother-in-law Livingston Taylor wrote the title track. Simon co-wrote the track "Heaven" with her sister Lucy Simon. "The Land of Christmas (Mary)" was written by Simon the night before recording on the album began.

The album peaked at No. 14 on the U.S. Billboard Top Holiday Albums chart. Simon embarked on a promotional tour in support of the album that included a handful of television appearances, including Good Morning America, The Caroline Rhea Show, Live with Regis and Kelly, Howard Stern, and The Today Show. Simon's son, Ben Taylor, accompanied her on many of these promotional appearances.

Livingston Taylor
Livingston Taylor (born November 21, 1950) is an American singer-songwriter and folk musician. Born in Boston and raised in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, he is the brother of singer-songwriter James Taylor, singer-songwriter Kate Taylor, singer Alex Taylor, and innkeeper and singer Hugh Taylor. Taylor is most notable for his Billboard hits "I Will Be In Love With You", "First Time Love", and "I'll Come Running".

He continues to perform nationally and internationally, and has collaborated with Linda Ronstadt, Jimmy Buffett, Jethro Tull, Carly Simon, and his brother James Taylor. He has been a faculty member at Berklee College of Music since 1989.
Narrow-gauge railways in Italy
Most narrow-gauge railways in Italy were built with Italian metre gauge, which is actually 950 mm (3 ft 1+3⁄8 in) because historically the Italian track gauge was defined from the centres of the rail instead of the internationally accepted method of measuring the gauge from the inside edges of the rails.
Several metre-gauge lines were built in northern Italy.

123 km 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) gauge (123 km electrified); 1,290 km 950 mm (3 ft 1+3⁄8 in) gauge (151 km electrified); 231 km 850 mm (2 ft 9+15⁄32 in) gauge (2008)

Mandas
Mandas is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Cagliari in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) north of Cagliari. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 2,401 and an area of 45.0 square kilometres (17.4 sq mi).

Mandas borders the following municipalities: Escolca, Gergei, Gesico, Nurri, Serri, Siurgus Donigala, Suelli.

In January 1921, D. H. Lawrence and his wife Frieda (the Queen-Bee) visited the city on their way to Sorgono. An account of their visit can be read in one of Lawrence's travel books, Sea and Sardinia (1921).
Galip Ulsoy
Ali Galip Ulsoy (born 1950) is an academic at the University of Michigan (UM), Ann Arbor, where he is the C.D. Mote Jr. Distinguished University Professor Emeritus of Mechanical Engineering and the William Clay Ford Professor Emeritus of Manufacturing.

For his work on dynamic modeling, analysis and control of mechanical systems he was made a fellow of SME, ASME, IFAC and IEEE. He is also a member of the NAE. In 2012 he received a Presidential Special Award from TÜBİTAK.

Manufacturing engineering
Manufacturing engineering or production engineering is a branch of professional engineering that shares many common concepts and ideas with other fields of engineering such as mechanical, chemical, electrical, and industrial engineering. 
Manufacturing engineering requires the ability to plan the practices of manufacturing; to research and to develop tools, processes, machines, and equipment; and to integrate the facilities and systems for producing quality products with the optimum expenditure of capital.

The manufacturing or production engineer's primary focus is to turn raw material into an updated or new product in the most effective, efficient & economic way possible. An example would be a company uses computer integrated technology in order for them to produce their product so that it is faster and uses less human labor.
ESRO 2B
ESRO-2B or Iris (International Radiation Investigation Satellite; sometimes Iris 2) or sometimes ESRO II (or ESRO 2), was a European astrophysical spin-stabilised research satellite which was launched in 1968. Operated by the European Space Research Organisation, ESRO 2B made astronomical surveys primarily in x-ray and solar particles detectors.

Astronomical survey
An astronomical survey is a general map or image of a region of the sky (or of the whole sky) that lacks a specific observational target.  Alternatively, an astronomical survey may comprise a set of images, spectra, or other observations of objects that share a common type or feature. Surveys are often restricted to one band of the electromagnetic spectrum due to instrumental limitations, although multiwavelength surveys can be made by using multiple detectors, each sensitive to a different bandwidth.

Surveys have generally been performed as part of the production of an astronomical catalog. They may also search for transient astronomical events. They often use wide-field astrographs.