hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Journal of Physiotherapy
The Journal of Physiotherapy is a quarterly peer-reviewed medical journal covering physiotherapy. It is published by Elsevier on behalf of the Australian Physiotherapy Association (APA). The journal was established in 1954 as (The) Australian Journal of Physiotherapy and obtained its current title in 2010. As of 2020 the editor-in-chief is Mark Elkins of the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital. Its main focuses are systematic reviews and reports of clinical trials, economic analyses, experimental studies, qualitative studies, epidemiological studies, and observational studies.

Observational study
In fields such as epidemiology, social sciences, psychology  and statistics, an observational study draws inferences from a sample to a population where the independent variable is not under the control of the researcher because of ethical concerns or logistical constraints. One common observational study is about the possible effect of a treatment on subjects, where the assignment of subjects into a treated group versus a control group is outside the control of the investigator. This is in contrast with experiments, such as randomized controlled trials, where each subject is randomly assigned to a treated group or a control group. Observational studies, for lacking an assignment mechanism, naturally present difficulties for inferential analysis.
Chien Yu-hsiu
Chien Yu-hsiu (simplified Chinese: 简佑修; traditional Chinese: 簡佑修; pinyin: Jiǎn Yùxiù; Wade–Giles: Chien Yü-hsiu; born 29 February 1980) is a former badminton player from the Republic of China. Chien graduated from the National Taiwan Sport University and now works as junior coach in Hsinchu. He won the 1998 Asian Junior Championships in the boys' singles event. Chien won the senior international tournament at the 2003 U.S. Open. He competed at the 1998 Asian Games, and 2004 Summer Olympics.

His brother Chien Yu-hsun also a professional badminton player.

National Taiwan Sport University
25°01′55.3″N 121°23′12.0″E﻿ / ﻿25.032028°N 121.386667°E﻿ / 25.032028; 121.386667

The National Taiwan Sport University (NTSU; Chinese: 國立體育大學) is a public university specializing in sports in Taoyuan, Taiwan.

NTSU offers a variety of undergraduate and graduate programs, including bachelor's and master's degrees in fields such as sports science, physical education, leisure and recreation management, sports coaching, athletic training, and sports medicine. The university also offers doctoral programs in sports science and physical education.
Ma Thida
Ma Thida (Burmese: မသီတာ, MLCTS: ma. si ta; born 2 September 1966  is a Burmese surgeon, writer, human rights activist and former prisoner of conscience. She has published under the pseudonym Suragamika which means "brave traveler". In Myanmar, Thida is best known as a leading intellectual, whose books deal with the country's political situation. She has worked as an editor at a Burmese monthly youth magazine and a weekly newspaper. She has been a surgeon at Muslim Free Hospital, which provides free services to the poor.

MLC Transcription System
The Myanmar Language Commission Transcription System (1980), also known as the MLC Transcription System (MLCTS), is a transliteration system for rendering Burmese in the Latin alphabet. It is loosely based on the common system for romanization of Pali, has some similarities to the ALA-LC romanization and was devised by the Myanmar Language Commission. The system is used in many linguistic publications regarding Burmese and is used in MLC publications as the primary form of romanization of Burmese.

The transcription system is based on the orthography of formal Burmese and is not suited for colloquial Burmese, which has substantial differences in phonology from formal Burmese. Differences are mentioned throughout the article.
Erysimum baeticum
Erysimum baeticum is an annual to perennial herb endemic to some mountains in the SE of Spain. This species has two subspecies: Erysimum baeticum bastetanum is found only in the Sierra de Baza (Granada province), inhabiting the subalpine pine forests, from 1500 to 2000 m. a.s.l.. Erysimum baeticum baeticum is a subspecies endemic to the eastern range of the Sierra Nevada (Almería province), inhabiting subalpine shrublands. Both subspecies flower during late May through early July, displaying up to one hundred showy purple flowers arranged in several short stalks.

Sierra de Baza
Sierra de Baza is a mountain range near the city of Baza in the Granada province in Spain. It is named after the town of Baza and its highest point is the 2,269 m high Calar de Santa Bárbara.

It is located between the Sierra Nevada and the Sierra de Cazorla and Sierra de Segura mountain ranges. It merges towards the east with the Sierra de Los Filabres mountain range.

Sierra de Baza Natural Park (Parque natural de la Sierra de Baza) was designated in 1989 to protect the mountain environment. It covers 536.5 km2 of the eastern sierra.
A long-distance footpath, the GR 7, passes through the natural park.
Army Group German Crown Prince
The Army Group German Crown Prince or Army Group B (German: Heeresgruppe Deutscher Kronprinz) was an Army Group of the German Army, which operated on the Western Front under command of Wilhelm, German Crown Prince, between 1 August 1915 and 11 November 1918 during World War I.

Max von Boehn (general)
Max Ferdinand Karl von Boehn (16 August 1850 − 18 February 1921) was a Prussian and German officer who served in the Franco-Prussian War and World War I. He reached the rank of Generaloberst and held several high commands in World War I. He was decorated with the Pour le Mérite with Oakleaves, Prussia's highest award for military valor.
Miyagi District
Miyagi District (宮城郡, Miyagi-gun) is a district located in former Mutsu Province and today's Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. The name of the prefecture was from this district.

The original territory was east–west long from the Ōu Mountains to the Pacific Ocean, including current Sendai, Shiogama, and Tagajō cities. As of 2003, the district has an estimated population of 69,567 and a density of 620.80 persons per km2. The total area is 112.06 km2.

Miyagi Prefecture
Miyagi Prefecture (宮城県, Miyagi-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [mʲiꜜ.ja.ɡʲi, -ŋʲi, mʲi.ja.ɡʲiꜜ.keɴ, -ŋʲiꜜ-]) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Tōhoku region of Honshu. Miyagi Prefecture has a population of 2,265,724 (1 August 2023) and has a geographic area of 7,282 km2 (2,812 sq mi). Miyagi Prefecture borders Iwate Prefecture to the north, Akita Prefecture to the northwest, Yamagata Prefecture to the west, and Fukushima Prefecture to the south.

Sendai is the capital and largest city of Miyagi Prefecture, and the largest city in the Tōhoku region, with other major cities including Ishinomaki, Ōsaki, and Tome. Miyagi Prefecture is located on Japan's eastern Pacific coast  and bounded to the west by the Ōu Mountains, the longest mountain range in Japan, with 24% of its total land area being designated as Natural Parks. Miyagi Prefecture is home to Matsushima Islands, a group of islands ranked as one of the Three Views of Japan, near the town of Matsushima.
Watford City, North Dakota
Watford City (Hidatsa: abaʔaruʔush), founded in 1914, is a city in and the county seat of McKenzie County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 6,207 at the 2020 census, and was estimated to be 6,207 in 2024, making it the 14th most populous city in North Dakota. Because Watford City is part of the Bakken field, the North Dakota oil boom has significantly increased population and construction since the 2010 census.

The main offices of First International Bank and the headquarters of McKenzie Electric Cooperative are in Watford City. The local newspaper is the McKenzie County Farmer.

Hidatsa language
Hidatsa (/hɪˈdɑːtsə/ hih-DOT-sə) is an endangered Siouan language that is related to the Crow language. It is spoken by the Hidatsa tribe, primarily in North Dakota and South Dakota.

A description of Hidatsa-Mandan culture, including a grammar and vocabulary of the language, was published in 1877 by Washington Matthews, a government physician who lived among the Hidatsa at the Fort Berthold Indian Reservation.

More recently, the language has been the subject of work in the generative grammar tradition.

In 2019, it was estimated that there were fewer than 65 fluent speakers of the language.
Alice Bentinck
Alice Yvonne Bentinck MBE (born 23 July 1986) is a British entrepreneur. Along with Matt Clifford she is the co-founder of Entrepreneurs First (EF), a London-based company builder and startup accelerator founded in 2011. EF finds exceptional talent from around the world, and funds them to build exceptional companies. In 2017, it was announced that Reid Hoffman, co-founder of LinkedIn and Partner at Greylock, was leading a $12.4million investment into Entrepreneurs First.

Bentinck and Clifford are also the founders of Code First: Girls, an organisation offering free web programming courses for women in university. An advocate for the entry of more women to the tech field, Bentinck was named one of the Fifty Most Inspiring Women in European Tech by the Inspiring Fifty organisation in 2015.

Computer Weekly
Computer Weekly is a digital magazine and website for IT professionals in the United Kingdom owned by Informa TechTarget. It was formerly published as a weekly print magazine by Reed Business Information for over 50 years. Topics covered within the magazine include outsourcing, security, data centres, information management, cloud computing, and mobile computing to computer hacking and strategy for IT management.
John Whitton
John Whitton (1820 near Wakefield, Yorkshire, England – 20 February 1898) was an Anglo–Australian railway engineer, who was the Engineer-in-Charge for the New South Wales Government Railways, serving between 1856 and 1890, considered the Father of New South Wales Railways. Under his supervision, it is estimated that 2,171 miles (3,494 km) of railway around New South Wales and Victoria were completed. Whitton was responsible for the construction of parts of the Main Western railway line, in particular the section over the Blue Mountains and the Lithgow Zig Zag, and much of the Main Southern railway line.

Railway engineering
Railway engineering is the discipline of engineering which concerns the design, construction, operation, and maintenance of railways and rail transportation systems. It includes a wide range of engineering disciplines, including (but not limited to) civil engineering, computer engineering, electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, industrial engineering and production engineering.
Pétur Már Sigurðsson
Pétur Már Sigurðsson (born 15 April 1978) is an Icelandic professional basketball coach and a former player. He is currently the head coach of Skallagrímur. He is the former head coach of the Úrvalsdeild kvenna club Stjarnan and former assistant coach of the Icelandic men's national basketball team. He coached the men's national team during the 2013 Games of the Small States of Europe in the absence of Peter Öqvist. The team finished third with two wins and two losses.

Coach (basketball)
Basketball coaching is the act of directing and strategizing the behavior of a basketball team or individual basketball player. Basketball coaching typically encompasses the improvement of individual and team offensive and defensive skills, as well as overall physical conditioning. Coaches also have the responsibility to improve their team by player development, strategy, and in-game management. Coaches also teach and inspire their team to be their best.

Coaching is usually performed by a single person, often with the help of one or more assistants.
Andy Shallal
Anas "Andy" Shallal (Arabic: أنس شلال) (born March 21, 1955) is an Iraqi-American artist, activist, philanthropist and entrepreneur. He is best known as the founder and CEO of the Washington, D.C., area restaurant, bookstore, and performance venue Busboys and Poets. He is also known for his opposition to the 2003 invasion of Iraq. He was a candidate for the city's mayoral election in 2014.

Iraqi Americans
Iraqi Americans (Arabic: أمريكيون عراقيون) are American citizens of Iraqi descent. As of 2023, the number of Iraqi Americans is around 155,055, according to the United States Census Bureau.

According to the Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services, 49,006 Iraqi foreign born immigrated to the United States between 1989 and 2001 and 25,710 Iraqi-born immigrants naturalized between 1991 and 2001. However, the 2000 United States census reported that there were approximately 90,000 immigrants born in Iraq residing in the United States.
CJDC (AM)
CJDC is a Canadian radio station, broadcasting at 890 AM in Dawson Creek, British Columbia, with a repeater broadcasting at 92.7 FM in Tumbler Ridge, British Columbia. The station, owned by Vista Radio, airs a country music radio format, and as of April 14, 2025, is branded as CJDC AM 890 The Ranch. CJDC broadcasts with a power of 10,000 watts day and night, using a non-directional antenna during daytime and a two-tower directional antenna during nighttime, to protect two American Class-A clear-channel stations broadcasting on the same frequency – KBBI (Homer, Alaska) and WLS (Chicago, Illinois) – from interference by skywave propagation. Its broadcast area reaches Valleyview, Alberta, Grande Prairie, Chetwynd, British Columbia, Fort St. John, British Columbia, Cecil Lake, Rose Prairie, and many other rural communities in the Peace Region. It is one of the few stations that is received clearly by many people in the rural areas of the Peace Region.

Cecil Lake
Cecil Lake is a settlement in British Columbia.

Cecil Lake is a farming community 20 minutes east of Fort Saint John. It was  made available for homesteading during the 1930s many families settled in the area during that time. The land was cleared for farming, roads, houses, schools and churches were also built at that time. The area was considered remote because of the poor roads then. A road and bridge across the Beatton River existed through the 1950s and 60s. Due to problems with the banks of the river sliding the road was relocated and the bridge replaced with two bridges in the 1990s. As of 2013 Cecil Lake has two churches, a post office/general store, and a community hall.
Disney Magical World
Disney Magical World (ディズニー マジックキャッスル マイ・ハッピー・ライフ, Dizunī Majikku Kyassuru: Mai Happī Raifu, Disney Magic Castle: My Happy Life) is a life simulation video game developed by h.a.n.d. and Bandai Namco Games for the Nintendo 3DS. The game was released in Japan on August 1, 2013, in North America on April 11, 2014, and in Europe on October 24.

A sequel, Disney Magical World 2, was released for the Nintendo 3DS.

H.a.n.d.
h.a.n.d. Inc. (ハ・ン・ド, ha.n.do), abbreviation of Hokkaido Artists' Network and Development, is a Japanese video game developer. The company originally started as a service selling Macintosh hardware and software to universities before the Mac platform was widely known. When competition in the field increased, h.a.n.d. reorganized to develop original software.

h.a.n.d.'s earliest known game is Treasure Strike, developed in collaboration with publisher, Kid, who released the PC follow-up to the Dreamcast original in 2004. The company consists of two other divisions—North Point Inc. for the development of mobile phone apps and other software, and S.N.S. Inc. who work on social games for Facebook and Mixi for external publishers.
FK Ohrid
GFK Ohrid Lychnidos (Macedonian: ГФК Охрид Лихнидос) is a football club from the city of Ohrid in North Macedonia. They play in blue and white jerseys at the SRC Biljanini Izvori football complex and its currently competing in the Macedonian Second League.

Macedonian Football Cup
The Cup of Macedonia (Macedonian: Куп на Македонија, Kup na Makedonija) is the top knockout tournament and the second most important football competition in North Macedonia after the Macedonian First League championship. The cup was established in 1992 after local clubs had abandoned the Yugoslav First League and Yugoslav Cup competitions following the breakup of Yugoslavia.

As of 2014, a total of 16 clubs have reached the cup finals and the most successful side in the history of the competition is Vardar, who have triumphed 6 times in their 7 cup final appearances. They are followed by Rabotnički and Sloga Jugomagnat, who have won 4 titles.
Bioptics (surgery)
Bioptics is a combinatorial vision-correction refractive surgical technique performed by ophthalmologists, in which refractive error of the eye is treated on both the lenticular and corneal optical planes. The dual technique was pioneered, and the term coined, by Roberto Zaldívar in 1989. The procedure is increasing in popularity (as of 2006).

As of 2014, Most refractive surgeons still use Bioptics in a variety of combinations.

Cornea
The cornea is the transparent front part of the eyeball which covers the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber. Along with the anterior chamber and lens, the cornea refracts light, accounting for approximately two-thirds of the eye's total optical power. In humans, the refractive power of the cornea is approximately 43 dioptres. The cornea can be reshaped by surgical procedures such as LASIK.

While the cornea contributes most of the eye's focusing power, its focus is fixed. Accommodation (the refocusing of light to better view near objects) is accomplished by changing the geometry of the lens.  Medical terms related to the cornea often start with the prefix "kerat-" from the Greek word κέρας, horn.
Saori Ikeuchi
Saori Ikeuchi (池内 さおり; born September 15, 1982) is a member of the Japanese Communist Party, serving in the House of Representatives. She is one of the representatives representing the Tokyo proportional representation block. Ikeuchi believes that the government should do more to protect the rights of LGBT people.

Tokyo proportional representation block
The Tōkyō proportional representation block (Hirei [daihyō] Tōkyō burokku (比例[代表]東京ブロック)), or more formally the proportional representation tier "Tokyo Metropolis electoral district" (東京都選挙区, Tōkyō-to senkyo-ku), is one of eleven proportional representation (PR) "blocks", multi-member constituencies for the House of Representatives in the Diet of Japan. It consists solely of the prefecture of Tokyo making it one of two blocks covering only one prefecture, the other being Hokkaido. Following the introduction of proportional voting Tokyo elected 19 representatives by PR in the 1996 general election, and 17 since the election of 2000 when the total number of PR seats was reduced from 200 to 180.
Ollie W. Reed
Ollie W. Reed Sr. (July 18, 1896 – July 30, 1944) was an American college football coach and soldier in the United States Armed Forces. He served as the head football coach at Drexel University in Philadelphia for one season, in 1926, compiling a record of 2–5. He was also a professor of military history at the school.

He had two sons: Ollie W. Reed Jr., an Army officer and Theodore H. Reed, a zoologist. Reed died on July 30, 1944, in the French community of Villebaudon during the aftermath of the Battle of Normandy. His eldest son, Ollie, had been killed in action weeks before him in Italy. He and his eldest son are buried in adjacent graves—Plot E, Row 20, Graves 19 and 20—at the Normandy American Cemetery.

Drexel University
Drexel University is a private research university with its main campus in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. Drexel's undergraduate school was founded in 1891 by Anthony J. Drexel, a financier and philanthropist. Founded as Drexel Institute of Art, Science and Industry, it was renamed Drexel Institute of Technology in 1936, before assuming its current name in 1970. As of 2020, more than 24,000 students were enrolled in over 70 undergraduate programs and more than 100 master's, doctoral, and professional programs at the university. Drexel's cooperative education program (co-op) is a unique aspect of the school's degree programs, offering students the opportunity to gain up to 18 months of paid, full-time work experience in a field relevant to their undergraduate major or graduate degree program prior to graduation.
Alimony
Alimony, also called aliment (Scotland), maintenance (England, Republic of Ireland, Northern Ireland, Wales, Canada, New Zealand), spousal support (U.S., Canada) and spousal maintenance (Australia), is a legal obligation on a person to provide financial support to their spouse before or after marital separation or divorce. The obligation varies depending on the divorce law or family law of each country and prenuptial agreements. In most jurisdictions, it is distinct from child support, where, after divorce, one parent is required to contribute to the support of their children by paying money to the child's other parent or guardian.

Divorce Act (Canada)
The Divorce Act (French: Loi sur le divorce) is the federal Act that governs divorce in Canada. The Constitution of Canada gives the federal Parliament exclusive jurisdiction to regulate the law of marriage and divorce.
Dorel Bernard
Dorel Bernard (born 2 March 1974) is a Romanian former professional footballer who played as a defender. In his career Bernard played mainly for teams from Suceava County, such as: Bucovina Suceava, Foresta Fălticeni and Cetatea Suceava, but he also played in more than 100 matches for Politehnica Iași, club whose captain was for several times.

Foresta Fălticeni
Foresta Fălticeni (also known as Foresta Suceava) was a Romanian professional football club from Fălticeni, Suceava County, Romania, founded in 1954 as Avântul Fălticeni and subsequently dissolved in 2003.
Kerry Dineen
Kerry Michael Dineen (July 1, 1952 – November 21, 2015) was an American professional baseball player. He played in Major League Baseball as an outfielder from 1975 to 1978 for the New York Yankees and the Philadelphia Phillies. He never appeared in more than seven games in any single season. Dineen is the first cousin of former big leaguer Ken Henderson.

Dineen attended the University of San Diego, where he played college baseball for the Toreros from 1971–73.

Dineen died of cancer in Henderson, Nevada, on November 21, 2015.

San Diego Toreros baseball
For information on all University of San Diego sports, see San Diego Toreros

The San Diego Toreros baseball team is the college baseball program that represents the University of San Diego (USD). The Toreros compete in NCAA Division I as a member of the West Coast Conference (WCC). The team plays its home games at Fowler Park.

The Toreros have appeared in nine NCAA Division I baseball tournaments. As of 2025, 25 USD alumni have played in Major League Baseball, most notably World Series champion Kris Bryant.
Ga Noi
The Ga Noi, or Ganoi, is a breed of chicken originating in Vietnam. Originally used for cockfighting, is a breed that fits the gamecock type, with an upright body and aggressive temperament. Ga Noi appear in both a regularly feathered variety and a Naked Neck-like variety. It was exported to the West for the first time in the early 1990s, and is not yet accepted into poultry breed standards, such as the American Poultry Association's Standard of Perfection. Ga nois are a hard-feather breed.

The ga noi is 1 of 3 main chickens in Vietnam; the other two, the ga tre and ga rung, are also used for fighting. The ga rung are a caught wild, while the ga tre and ga noi are domesticated.

American Standard of Perfection
The American Standard of Perfection is the official book of breed standards of the American Poultry Association.  It classifies and describes the standard physical appearance, coloring and temperament for many breeds of poultry recognized in the United States, including chickens, ducks, turkeys, geese and guinea fowl, but not pigeons.

The earliest book of breed standards for the poultry fancy in North America was published in 1867 as the Standard of Excellence, under the auspices of the American Poultry Society; the first such work to be published by the American Poultry Association – which was constituted in 1873/1874 – was the American Standard of Excellence in 1874.