hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
East Asian typography
East Asian typography is the application of typography to the writing systems used for the Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese languages. Scripts represented in East Asian typography include Chinese characters, kana, and hangul.

Regular script
The regular script is the newest of the major Chinese script styles, emerging during the Three Kingdoms period c. 230 CE, and stylistically mature by the 7th century. It is the most common style used in modern text. In its traditional form it is the third-most common in publishing after the Ming and Gothic types used exclusively in print.
Wayne National Forest
The Wayne National Forest is located in the Appalachian part of the US state of Ohio, in the Unglaciated Allegheny Plateau. It is the first and only national forest in Ohio. Forest headquarters are located between The Plains and Nelsonville, Ohio, on US Route 33 overlooking the Hocking River.

The North Country Trail passes through several areas of Wayne, in which it is coincident with the Buckeye Trail and the American Discovery Trail. The area of Ohio included within the national forest is based on late Paleozoic geology, heavy in sandstones and shales, including redbeds, with many coal beds. The topography is typically very rugged, with elevation changes typically in the 200–400-foot range.

Unglaciated Allegheny Plateau
The Unglaciated Allegheny Plateau is located in an arc around southeastern Ohio, West Virginia, into western Pennsylvania and a small portion of southwestern New York State.

This area is a dissected plateau, characterized by sandstone, shale, and many coal seams. This is the part of the Allegheny Plateau that lies outside the continental glaciation of the ice age.
Dan Green (voice actor)
James Hadley Snyder, known professionally as Dan Green, is an American voice actor, voice director and screenwriter. He is best known for being the voice of Yugi Muto/Yami Yugi/Pharaoh Atem for the English dub of Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Monsters, the anime series version of Yu-Gi-Oh!, as well as all of the character's U.S. series appearances.

Pokémon Mystery Dungeon
Pokémon Mystery Dungeon is a spin-off video game series from the main Pokémon series developed by Spike Chunsoft (formerly Chunsoft). The games feature the fictional creatures called Pokémon who have the ability to speak human language navigating through a randomly generated dungeon using turn-based moves, common to Mystery Dungeon games. As of March 2020, there have been eleven games across five platforms, as well as several manga adaptations and animated specials.

These games are based in dungeons (“mystery dungeons”) where a floor map is randomly generated. In the dungeons, players fight other Pokémon while obtaining items and finding stairs to the next floor, exiting the dungeon after a fixed number of floors. Across all installments, the series has sold over 17.26 million copies.
Iowa State University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences
Iowa State University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences is one of eight colleges of Iowa State University of Science and Technology in Ames, Iowa.

The University was founded in 1858 as the Iowa Agricultural College and Model Farm. On July 4, 1959, the school was renamed "Iowa State University of Science and Technology" and the College of Agriculture became one of five colleges (i.e., College of Agriculture, College of Engineering, College of Home Economics, College of Sciences and Humanities, and College of Veterinary Medicine). In 2007, the College of Agriculture was renamed "College of Agriculture and Life Sciences".

Iowa State University College of Engineering
Iowa State University College of Engineering is one of eight colleges of Iowa State University of Science and Technology in Ames, Iowa.

The university was founded in 1858 as the Iowa Agricultural College with classes in agriculture and mechanical arts, now called engineering. In 1898, the school was renamed as "Iowa State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts—Science with Practice", with divisions in agriculture, veterinary science, engineering, and science and philosophy. Iowa State took on its current name in 1959 and the College of Engineering was formally established at that time.

The College of Engineering at Iowa State hosts the largest engineering career fairs in the country in which more than 440 companies participate in each fair. The college has a high placement rate of 98%.

Iowa State $284.2 million in research grants in the fiscal year of 2022.
Togg T10F
The Togg T10F is a battery electric compact sedan produced by the Turkish car manufacturer Togg. Presented in 2024, this is the second vehicle following the T10X designed by Togg of all five models planned by 2030.

Compact car
Compact car is a vehicle size class—predominantly used in North America—that sits between subcompact cars and mid-size cars. "Small family car" is a British term and a part of the C-segment in the European car classification. However, before the downsizing of the United States car industry in the 1970s and 1980s, larger vehicles with wheelbases up to 110 in (2.79 m) were considered "compact cars" in the United States.
Asoprisnil ecamate
Asoprisnil ecamate (INN; development code J-956) is a synthetic, steroidal selective progesterone receptor modulator (SPRM) which was under development for the treatment of endometriosis, uterine fibroids, and menopausal symptoms but was discontinued. It is a potent and highly selective ligand of the progesterone receptor with mixed agonistic and antagonistic activity and much reduced antiglucocorticoid activity relative to mifepristone. The drug reached phase III clinical trials for the aforementioned indications prior to its discontinuation.

Antiglucocorticoid
Antiglucocorticoid drugs are a class of medications that act to reduce the effects of glucocorticoids, primarily cortisol, in the body. They include direct glucocorticoid receptor antagonists such as mifepristone and synthesis inhibitors such as metyrapone, ketoconazole, and aminoglutethimide. They are used to treat Cushing's syndrome.

These drugs have also been investigated for their potential therapeutic benefits in various psychiatric disorders, particularly depression and psychosis. The rationale behind using antiglucocorticoids in psychiatry stems from the observed dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in many psychiatric conditions, which often manifests as elevated cortisol levels.
Shiksa
Shiksa (Yiddish: שיקסע, romanized: shikse) is an often disparaging term for a gentile woman or girl. The word, which is of Yiddish origin, has moved into English usage and some Hebrew usage (as well as Polish and German), mostly in North American Jewish culture.

Among Orthodox Jews, the term may be used to describe a Jewish girl or woman who fails to follow Orthodox religious precepts.

The equivalent term for a non-Jewish male, used less frequently, is shegetz. Because of Jewish matrilineal descent, there is often less of a taboo associated with non-Jewish men.

Jewish culture
Jewish culture is the culture of the Jewish people, from its formation in ancient times until the current age. Judaism itself is not simply a faith-based religion, but an orthopraxy and ethnoreligion, pertaining to deed, practice, and identity. Jewish culture covers many aspects, including religion and worldviews, literature, media, and cinema, art and architecture, cuisine and traditional dress, attitudes to gender, marriage, family, social customs and lifestyles, music and dance. Some elements of Jewish culture come from within Judaism, others from the interaction of Jews with host populations, and others still from the inner social and cultural dynamics of the community. Before the 18th century, religion dominated virtually all aspects of Jewish life, and infused culture. Since the advent of secularization, wholly secular Jewish culture emerged likewise.
Concordia Stingers women's ice hockey
The Concordia Stingers women's ice hockey program represents Concordia University in Montreal, Quebec in the sport of ice hockey in the Réseau du sport étudiant du Québec (RSEQ) conference of U Sports. The Stingers have won nineteen RSEQ conference championships and four U Sports national championships, in 1998, 1999, 2022, and 2024.

U Sports women's ice hockey
U Sports women's ice hockey is the highest level of play of women's ice hockey at the university level under the auspices of U Sports, Canada's governing body for university sports. Women's ice hockey has been played in U Sports since the 1997-98 season, when the governing body was known as the Canadian Interuniversity Athletics Union, following a long stint of teams only competing in the OUA. There are 35 teams, all of which are based in Canada, that are divided into four conferences that are eligible to compete for the year-end championship. As these players compete at the university level, they are obligated to follow the rule of standard eligibility of five years.
Pro Arte Chamber Orchestra of Boston
Pro Arte Chamber Orchestra of Boston is a musician-led  American orchestra based in Newton, Massachusetts. It is one of only four co-operative orchestras in the US. It had a long-time association with composer and conductor Gunther Schuller, with Isaiah Jackson as Conductor emeritus and, since 2000, Gisele Ben-Dor as Conductor emerita. Recently, Kevin Rhodes has been the orchestra's principal conductor.

Pro Arte Chamber Orchestra was founded in 1978 by a group of young freelance musicians who gathered around conductor and Harvard chaplain Larry Hill.

The orchestra received the 1994 American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP) award for adventurous programming of contemporary music.

Other cooperative orchestras include the London Philharmonic Orchestra, Symphoria, the Halifax Music Co-Op, Spain's l’Orquestra Simfònica del Vallès, The Heart of England Co-operative Concert Orchestra  and the Santa Fe Symphony.

Newton, Massachusetts
Newton is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. It is located roughly 8 miles (13 km) west of Downtown Boston, and comprises a patchwork of thirteen villages. The city borders Boston to the northeast and southeast (via the neighborhoods of Brighton and West Roxbury), Brookline to the east, Watertown and Waltham to the north, and Weston, Wellesley, and Needham to the west. At the 2020 U.S. census, the population of Newton was 88,923.

Newton is home to the Charles River, Crystal Lake, and Heartbreak Hill, among other landmarks. It is served by several streets and highways (including Route 9, Hammond Pond Parkway, and the Mass Pike), as well as the Green Line D branch run by the MBTA.

Historically, the area that is now Newton was settled in 1639, and was originally first part of Cambridge (then called "the newe towne"). It split from Cambridge in 1681, and became known by its present name of Newton in 1766. It then became a city in 1874.
Elk (sternwheeler 1857)
Elk was a stern-wheel driven steamboat built on the Willamette River in 1857 at Canemah, Oregon.  This steamboat is chiefly remembered for its destruction by a boiler explosion in which by good fortune no one was seriously hurt. A folklore tale later arose about this disaster.

Champoeg, Oregon
Champoeg (/ʃæmˈpuːiː/ sham-POO-ee, historically /ʃæmˈpuːɛɡ/ sham-POO-eg) is a former town in the U.S. state of Oregon. Now a ghost town, it was an important settlement in the Willamette Valley in the early 1840s. Located halfway between Oregon City and Salem, it was the site of the first provisional government of the Oregon Country.

The town site is on the south bank of the Willamette River in northern Marion County, on French Prairie, approximately 5 mi (8.0 km) southeast of Newberg. The town is now part of Champoeg State Heritage Area, an Oregon state park. The Champoeg State Park Historic Archeological District is within the heritage area.

The name "Champoeg" comes from the Kalapuyan word [čʰámpuik], which might be an abbreviation of [čʰa-čʰíma-púičuk], referring to the edible root [púičuk], or yampa.
2007 Just Car Insurance 500
The 2007 Just Car Insurance 500 was an endurance motor race for V8 Supercars, held on the weekend of the 14 to 16 September at the Sandown International Raceway in Victoria, Australia.  The race, which was the 40th Sandown 500, was the ninth round of the 2007 V8 Supercar Championship Series.

The race was won by Jamie Whincup and Craig Lowndes, driving a Ford Falcon BF for Team Vodafone.

Sandown 500
The Sandown 500 (commercially titled Penrite Oil Sandown 500) is an annual endurance motor race which is staged at the Sandown Raceway, in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia from 1964. The event's name, distance – and the category of cars competing in it – has varied widely throughout its history. Currently, the event is held as a championship event for Supercars.

Historically the event has been held in September, the month before Australia's premier endurance race, the Bathurst 1000, with a recent exception of the 2019 running, held in November. The event returned in September 2023 after a three-year hiatus.
Nukufaiau
Nukufaiau (also: Fetokobuga, Fetokobunga) is an island in the Haʻapai archipelago that belongs to the Kingdom of Tonga. Among neighboring islands are Nukutula, Kelefesia, Nomuka, Tonumea, Fonoifua, Telekitonga, Muifuiva.

Telekitonga
Telekitonga (also: Telekitinga, Tele-ki-Tongs, Teleki Toga) is an island in the Haʻapai archipelago that belongs to the Kingdom of Tonga. Among neighboring islands are Nukutula, Fetokopunga, Kelefesia, Nomuka, Tonumea, Fonoifua.
Mark Durie
Mark Durie (born 1958) is an Australian Anglican priest and a scholar in linguistics and theology. He is the founding director of the Institute for Spiritual Awareness, a Fellow at the Middle East Forum, and a senior research fellow of the Arthur Jeffery Centre for the Study of Islam at the Melbourne School of Theology.

Middle East Forum
The Middle East Forum (MEF) is an American conservative 501(c)(3) think tank founded in 1990 by Daniel Pipes, who now serves as its chairman. Gregg Roman serves as director of the forum. MEF became an independent non-profit organization in 1994. It publishes a journal, the Middle East Quarterly.
Chino High School
Chino High School (CHS), located in Chino, California is one of the four regular high schools in the Chino Valley Unified School District. The school was established in 1897, making it one of the oldest schools in Southern California. Chino High moved from its original location in 1951 to its present location at Park Place and Benson Ave.

Chino Valley Unified School District (California)
The Chino Valley Unified School District is a school district in San Bernardino County, California, United States. It serves the cities of Chino, Chino Hills, and the southwestern portion of Ontario, though originally it served only Chino when it was founded in 1860. It now encompasses 88 square miles (230 km2) and serves about 26,000 students from grades kindergarten to 12th grade. As of the 2024-2025 school year, CVUSD comprises four high schools, five junior high schools, 20 elementary schools, one continuation school, one adult school, three K-8 schools (one of which is an optional school) & one charter school.
Oregon's 29th Senate district
District 29 of the Oregon State Senate comprises all of Gilliam, Morrow, Sherman, Umatilla, Union, Wallowa, and Wheeler counties as well as parts of Clackamas, Jefferson, Marion, and Wasco counties. The district is composed of Oregon House districts 57 and 58. It is currently represented by Republican Todd Nash of Enterprise.

Sherman County, Oregon
Sherman County is one of the 36 counties in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,870, making it the second-least populous county in Oregon after nearby Wheeler. The county seat is Moro, and the largest city is Wasco. The county is named for William Tecumseh Sherman, a Union general in the American Civil War.
Serene (phone)
Serene is a mobile phone produced  as a joint venture between Samsung Electronics and Bang & Olufsen. It was released in the last quarter of 2005 in Europe. It was available in select stores throughout the world and cost $1275 (~€1000).

A successor to the Serene called the Serenata was announced and released in October 2007. It features a slide out speaker and has a heavy focus on the music functions of the handset. Serenata retailed for $2000.

Bang & Olufsen
Bang & Olufsen (B&O) is a Danish high-end consumer electronics company that designs and manufactures audio products, television sets, and telephones, originally from Denmark, founded in 1925 by Peter Bang and Svend Olufsen, who designed a radio to work with alternating current, a product of significance at a time when most radios were still running on batteries.
Declán of Ardmore
Declán of Ardmore (Old Irish: Declán mac Eircc; Irish: Deaglán, Deuglán; Latin: Declanus; died 5th century AD), also called Déclán, was an early Irish saint of the Déisi Muman, who was remembered for having converted the Déisi in the late 5th century and for having founded the monastery of Ardmore (Ard Mór) in what is now County Waterford. The principal source for his life and cult is a Latin Life of the 12th century. Like Ailbe of Emly, Ciarán of Saigir and Abbán of Moyarney, Declán is presented as a Munster saint who preceded Saint Patrick in bringing Christianity to Ireland. He was regarded as a patron saint of the Déisi of East Munster.

Óengus of Tallaght
Óengus mac Óengobann, better known as Saint Óengus of Tallaght or Óengus the Culdee, was an Irish bishop, reformer and writer, who flourished in the first quarter of the 9th century and is held to be the author of the Félire Óengusso ("Martyrology of Óengus") and possibly the Martyrology of Tallaght.

Little of Óengus's life and career is reliably attested. The most important sources include internal evidence from the Félire, a later Middle Irish preface to that work, a biographic poem beginning Aíbind suide sund amne ("Delightful to sit here thus") and the entry for his feast-day inserted into the Martyrology of Tallaght.
Laiuse Romani language
Laiuse Romani was a Romani variety spoken in Estonia. It was a mixed language based on Romani and Estonian.

The Romani people first appeared in Estonia in the 17th century. According to rumors, they were first part of Swedish King Charles XII's Romani orchestra which he, after spending a winter in Laiuse, left behind. In 1841 all 44 Estonian Romani were collected and settled around Laiuse Parish. Their main stop was the village of Raaduvere, but they also lived in Rakvere, Jõgeva, and its precincts. Before the Second World War there were 60 Romani in Laiuse. Laiuse Romani became extinct in the German occupation, when all its speakers were killed by the Nazis during the Porajmos.

Mixed language
A mixed language, also referred to as a hybrid language or fusion language, is a type of contact language that arises among a bilingual group combining aspects of two or more languages but not clearly deriving primarily from any single language. It differs from a creole or pidgin language in that, whereas creoles/pidgins arise where speakers of many languages acquire a common language, a mixed language typically arises in a population that is fluent in both of the source languages.

Because all languages show some degree of mixing by virtue of containing loanwords, it is a matter of controversy whether the concept of a mixed language can meaningfully be distinguished from the type of contact and borrowing seen in all languages. Scholars debate to what extent language mixture can be distinguished from other mechanisms such as code-switching, substrata, or lexical borrowing.
Kani bushfrog
The kani bushfrog or kani brown-eared shrub frog (Pseudophilautus kani) is a small shrub frog species of the genus Pseudophilautus.  It is endemic to India, where it has been observed in the Western Ghat mountains and Tamil mountains. The Kani bushfrog has a unique brownish coloration with a distinctive dark patch near its ear, aiding in its camouflage ( Moving or acting in a way that avoids detection ) within forest habitats. The Kani bushfrog is named after the Kani tribal community of Kerala, which played a key role in its discovery.

Pseudophilautus
Pseudophilautus is a genus of shrub frogs in the family Rhacophoridae endemic to the Western Ghats of southwestern India and to Sri Lanka where the majority of the species are found. Many of them are already extinct (marked with † in the species list). On the other, some species believed to be extinct have also been rediscovered.
Anluan mac Conchobhar
Anluan mac Conchobhar (died 805) was King of Uí Fiachrach Aidhne.

Following a long era of obscurity in the aftermath of the death of Fergal Aidne mac Artgaile in 696, the Uí Fiachrach Aidhne dynasty entered the historical record in the early ninth century.

From the time of Anluan, its rulers and other notables were listed regularly in the annals till the end of Gaelic Ireland in the 17th century.

Anluan may have been a son of King Conchubhar mac Cumasgach (died 763).

Conchubhar mac Cumasgach
Conchubhar mac Cumasgach or Conchobar mac Cummascaig (died 769) was King of Uí Fiachrach Aidhne, now part of Ireland.

With the death of Fergal Aidne mac Artgaile, died 696, the kingdom of Aidhne entered an era of political insignificance, its rulers been confined to their immediate homeland and reduced to the status of mere lords. Even the succession is uncertain, as Conchubhar is only listed as king upon his death in 769, over seventy years after the death of Fergal. He is only one of two rulers of the kingdoms known from the 8th-century.
Mamadali Topivoldiyev
Mamadali Topivoldiyev (20 September 1919 – 6 May 1969) was a Soviet soldier who became commander of the reconnaissance unit of the 5th detachment of the Chekist Partisan Brigade of the Belorussian resistance. For his partisan activities he was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union on 15 August 1944, and the Nazis offered a reward of 50,000 Reichsmarks for his capture.

Medal "To a Partisan of the Patriotic War"
The Medal "To a Partisan of the Patriotic War" (Russian: Медаль «Партизану Отечественной войны», Medal "Partizanu Otechestvennoi voiny") was a World War II Soviet paramilitary award established in two classes on February 2, 1943, by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. to recognise the fortitude and courage of the partisans on the home front in their struggle to free the Soviet Motherland of the Nazi invaders far behind enemy lines.  Its statute was amended by a further decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on February 26, 1947.
Business rates in Wales
Business rates (Welsh: Ardrethi busnes) is the commonly used name of non-domestic rates (Welsh: ardrethi annomestig) in Wales, a tax on occupation of non-domestic property. Rates are a property tax used to fund local services that date back to ancient times.

Property tax
A property tax (whose rate is expressed as a percentage or per mille, also called millage) is an ad valorem tax on the value of a property.

The tax is levied by the governing authority of the jurisdiction in which the property is located. This can be a national government, a federated state, a county or other geographical region, or a municipality. Multiple jurisdictions may tax the same property.

Often a property tax is levied on real estate. It may be imposed annually or at the time of a real estate transaction, such as in real estate transfer tax. This tax can be contrasted with a rent tax, which is based on rental income or imputed rent, and a land value tax, which is a levy on the value of land, excluding the value of buildings and other improvements.

Under a property tax system, the government requires or performs an appraisal of the monetary value of each property, and tax is assessed in proportion to that value.