hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
James Thomas McIlmoyl
James Thomas McIlmoyl (August 24, 1840 – March 27, 1933) was a farmer and political figure in British Columbia. After being defeated in an 1874 byelection, he represented Victoria in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia from 1878 to 1882.

He was born in Upper Canada, of Scottish descent, was educated in Ontario and worked as an apprentice in a general store. McIlmoyl came to Victoria in May 1862 and then prospected and mined in the Cariboo District. Having achieved little success at mining, he returned to Victoria and, in 1870, purchased a farm where he raised livestock and grew grain. In the same year, he married Ann Simpson. In 1873, he was named a justice of the peace. He also served as secretary for the local school district. McIlmoyl was also a prominent member of the Ancient Order of United Workmen. He was defeated when he ran for reelection in 1882 and again in an 1888 byelection. He died in Victoria at the age of 92.

Ancient Order of United Workmen
The Ancient Order of United Workmen (AOUW) was a fraternal organization in the United States and Canada, providing mutual social and financial support after the American Civil War. It was the first of the "fraternal benefit societies", organizations that would offer insurance as well as sickness, accident, death and burial policies. It dissolved in 1952.
Zhou Bo Quan
Zhou Bo Quan is a paralympic athlete from China competing mainly in category F13 throws events.

Zhou Bo Quan first competed in the 2000 Summer Paralympics in all three throws, shot, javelin and discus, but it wasn't until the following games in Athens that he won his first medal, a silver in the F13 javelin as well as again competing in the discus.

2000 Summer Paralympics
The 2000 Summer Paralympic Games or the XI Summer Paralympics were held in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, between 18 and 29 October. The Sydney Paralympics was the last time that the Summer Paralympics were organised by two different Organizing Committees. In this edition, a record 3,801 athletes from 123 National Paralympic Committees participated in 551 events in 18 sports. The 2000 Summer Paralympics were the second largest sporting event ever until that date held in Australia and in the Southern Hemisphere. Sydney was the eighth city to jointly host the Olympic and Paralympic Games. However, it was only the fourth to jointly organise both events in complete conjunction with the Olympics. This edition was also the first time that the Paralympics were held in Australia and Oceania.
Japanese missions to Ming China
Main article: Japanese missions to Imperial China

Japanese missions to Ming China represent a lens for examining and evaluating the relationships between China and Japan in the 15th through the 17th centuries. The nature of these bilateral contacts encompassed political and ceremonial acknowledgment as well as cultural exchanges. The evolution of diplomatic ties accompanied the growing commercial ties which grew over time.

Nineteen trade missions traveled from Japan to China between 1401 and 1547. The main trade goods exported from Japan were Japanese swords, copper, and sulfur; from China, copper coins, raw silk, and silk fabrics. Every one of these missions were headed by a Zen Buddhist monk from one of the so-called Kyoto Gozan (京都五山, Kyoto gozan) or "five great Zen temples of Kyoto", consisting of Nanzen-ji, Tenryū-ji, Shokoku-ji, Kennin-ji, Tofuku-ji and Manju-ji.

Nanzen-ji
Nanzen-ji (南禅寺; Japanese pronunciation: [naꜜn.dzeɲ.dʑi]), or Zuiryusan Nanzen-ji, formerly Zenrin-ji (禅林寺, Zenrin-ji), is a Zen Buddhist temple in Kyoto, Japan. Emperor Kameyama established it in 1291 on the site of his previous detached palace. It is also the headquarters of the Nanzen-ji branch of Rinzai Zen. The precincts of Nanzen-ji are a nationally designated Historic Site and the Hōjō gardens a Place of Scenic Beauty. The temple was destroyed in a fire in 1895 and rebuilt in 1909.
Frederick Chamier
Captain Frederick Chamier (2 November 1796 – 29 October 1870) was an English novelist, autobiographer and naval captain born in London. He was the author of several nautical novels that remained popular through the 19th century.

Captain (Royal Navy)
Captain (Capt.) is a senior officer rank of the Royal Navy. It ranks above commander and below commodore and has a NATO ranking code of OF-5.  The rank is equivalent to a colonel in the British Army and Royal Marines, and to a group captain in the Royal Air Force.  There are similarly named equivalent ranks in the navies of many other countries.
Chongsheng Temple (Fujian)
Chongsheng Temple (simplified Chinese: 崇圣寺; traditional Chinese: 崇聖寺; pinyin: Chóngshèng Sì) is a Buddhist temple located at the foot of Mount Xuefeng in Dahu Township, Minhou County, Fujian, China.

The oldest things in the temple are two 1000-year-old Tamarix chinensis trees, which were supposed planted by founding master Yicun and Wang Shenzhi.

Buddhist temple
A Buddhist temple or Buddhist monastery is the place of worship for adherents of Buddhism. They include the structures called vihara, chaitya, stupa, wat, khurul and pagoda in different regions and languages. Temples in Buddhism represent the pure land or pure environment of a Buddha. Traditional Buddhist temples are designed to inspire both inner and outer peace.

Buddhist temples follow a set of architectural guides adhering to Buddhist architecture principal, with stylistic derivatives seen throughout South Asia, Southeast Asia, and East Asia.
Desmos polycarpus
Desmos polycarpus is a species of plants in the custard apple family Annonaceae found only in northeastern Queensland, Australia. It is a vine with stems up to 5 cm (2.0 in) diameter, although it may appear as a scandent shrub when young. The leaves are simple and alternate and measure up to 16 cm (6.3 in) long by 6 cm (2.4 in) wide. Flowers are about 5 cm (2.0 in) wide and greenish yellow, with 3 sepals and 6 petals in two whorls of 3. The fruit is an apocarp about 1 cm (0.39 in) wide and 6 cm (2.4 in) long. It is found in rainforest and gallery forest from about Lockhart River on Cape York Peninsula, to the Atherton Tableland southwest of Cairns. It was first described by Australian botanist Laurence W. Jessup in 2007.

Cape York Peninsula
The Cape York Peninsula is located in Far North Queensland, Australia. It is the largest wilderness in northern Australia. The land is mostly flat and about half of the area is used for grazing cattle. The relatively undisturbed eucalyptus-wooded savannahs, tropical rainforests and other types of habitat are now recognised and preserved for their global environmental significance. Although much of the peninsula remains pristine, with a diverse repertoire of endemic flora and fauna, some of its wildlife may be threatened by industry and overgrazing as well as introduced species and weeds.

The northernmost point of the peninsula is Cape York.
The land has been occupied by a number of Aboriginal Australian peoples for tens of thousands of years. In 1606, Dutch sailor Willem Janszoon on board the Duyfken was the first European to land in Australia, reaching the Cape York Peninsula.
R v Bowden
In R v Bowden, a 1999 appeal, the English Court of Appeal dismissed a defence effort to depart from the literal rule, the taking of the natural meaning of statutory language. It concerned the making (copying with knowledge of the content) of an indecent photograph of a child. It confirmed it was irrelevant as to whether the offence was committed that these actions were part of a much larger production and distribution effort. That would likely be a relevant consideration at the time of sentencing if the jury found the facts established guilt.

Plain meaning rule
The plain meaning rule, also known as the literal rule, is one of three rules of statutory construction traditionally applied by English courts. The other two are the "mischief rule" and the "golden rule".

The plain meaning rule dictates that statutes are to be interpreted using the ordinary meaning of the language of the statute. In other words, a statute is to be read word for word and is to be interpreted according to the ordinary meaning of the language, unless a statute explicitly defines some of its terms otherwise or unless the result would be cruel or absurd.  Ordinary words are given their ordinary meaning, technical terms are given their technical meaning, and local, cultural terms are recognized as applicable. The plain meaning rule is the mechanism that prevents courts from taking sides in legislative or political issues. Additionally, it is the mechanism that underlies textualism and, to a certain extent, originalism.
IS tank family
The IS tanks (Russian: ИС) were a series of heavy tanks developed as a successor to the KV-series by the Soviet Union during World War II. The IS acronym is the anglicized initialism of Joseph Stalin (Ио́сиф Ста́лин, Iosif Stalin). The heavy tanks were designed as a response to the capture of a German Tiger I in 1943. They were mainly designed as breakthrough tanks, firing a heavy high-explosive shell that was useful against entrenchments and bunkers. The IS-2 went into service in April 1944 and was used as a spearhead by the Red Army in the final stage of the Battle of Berlin. The IS-3 served on the Chinese-Soviet border, the Hungarian Revolution, the Prague Spring and on both sides of the Six-Day War. The series eventually culminated in the T-10 heavy tank.

Kubinka Tank Museum
The Kubinka Tank Museum (Центральный музей бронетанкового вооружения и техники - Tsentral'nyy Muzey Bronetankovogo Vooruzheniya I Tekhniki -Central Museum of Armored Arms and Technology) is a large military museum in Kubinka, Odintsovsky District, Moscow Oblast, Russia where tanks, armoured fighting vehicles (AFVs) and their relevant information are displayed and showcased. The museum consists of open-air and indoor permanent exhibitions of many famous tanks and armored vehicles from throughout the 20th and 21st centuries (between 1917 and the present day). It also houses and displays many unique, unusual and one-of-a-kind military vehicles of which there are very few remaining examples, such as the German Panzer VIII Maus super-heavy tank, Troyanov's Object 279 Kotin heavy tank, the Karl-Gerät heavy self-propelled artillery, and the Object 120 Su-152 "Taran" tank destroyer, amongst other single or limited-production prototypes from the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany.
Bjarne Sandemose
Bjarne Walter William Sandemose (17 April 1924 – 21 April 2013) was a Norwegian of Danish descent.

He was born in Denmark as a son of writer Aksel Sandemose. The family migrated to Norway in 1929. He is best known for his cooperation with Ivo Caprino, specifically with building the prop car Il Tempo Gigante for the movie Pinchcliffe Grand Prix, for many years Norway's best grossing film. Sandemose is also credited for building the Ivo Caprinos Supervideograf. Sandemose and Caprino were jointly awarded the Honorary Amanda Award in 1995.

Sandemose was the father of Iben Sandemose, father-in-law of Trond Brænne, and maternal grandfather of Mikkel Sandemose. He died in April 2013 at Lille Tøyen caring center.

Ivo Caprino
Ivo Caprino (17 February 1920 – 8 February 2001) was a Norwegian film director and writer, best known for his puppet films. His most noted film, Flåklypa Grand Prix (Pinchcliffe Grand Prix), was made in 1975.
Charles Hard Townes Award
The Charles Hard Townes Award of Optica is a prize for quantum electronics, including laser physics. Awarded annually since 1981, it is named after the Nobel Prize-winning laser pioneer Charles H. Townes.

Former winners include Nobel Prize laureates John L. Hall, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, Serge Haroche, Arthur Ashkin, and Gérard Mourou.

Charles H. Townes
Charles Hard Townes (July 28, 1915 – January 27, 2015) was an American physicist. Townes worked on the theory and application of the maser, for which he obtained the fundamental patent, and other work in quantum electronics associated with both maser and laser devices. He shared the 1964 Nobel Prize in Physics with Nikolay Basov and Alexander Prokhorov. Townes was an adviser to the United States Government, meeting every US president from Harry S. Truman (1945) to Bill Clinton (1999).

He directed the US government's Science and Technology Advisory Committee for the Apollo lunar landing program. After becoming a professor of the University of California, Berkeley in 1967, he began an astrophysical program that produced several important discoveries, for example, the black hole at the center of the Milky Way galaxy.

Townes was religious and believed that science and religion are converging to provide a greater understanding of the nature and purpose of the universe.
CloudHQ
cloudHQ is an information technology company based in San Francisco, California. It was founded in 2011 by Senad Dizdar. Naomi Assaraf has been the Chief Marketing Officer (CMO) since 2013, and Blaz Lupiscek is Chief Technology Officer (CTO).

The software synchronizes data across many cloud platforms, such as Google Workspace, Egnyte, Box, Dropbox, and Microsoft 365. Data is replicated to a backup cloud account to reduce the risks of data loss incidents which have steadily risen in the recent years. The platform is also intended for data migration or to allow sharing of files and data across multiple, as well as collaboration across multiple platforms.

CloudHQ also creates many browser extensions for apps such as Gmail and others.

Dropbox
Dropbox is a file hosting service operated by the American company Dropbox, Inc., headquartered in San Francisco, California, that offers cloud storage, file synchronization, personal cloud, and client software. Dropbox was founded in 2007 by MIT students Drew Houston and Arash Ferdowsi as a startup company, with initial funding from seed accelerator Y Combinator.

Dropbox has experienced criticism and generated controversy for issues including security breaches and privacy concerns.
2024–25 KNVB Cup
The 2024–25 KNVB Cup, for sponsoring reasons officially called the TOTO KNVB Beker, was the 107th edition of the Dutch national football annual knockout tournament for the KNVB Cup. A total of 110 teams contested the trophy, beginning in September with the first of two preliminary rounds, and ending in April 2025 with the final played at De Kuip in Rotterdam. The winners qualified for the 2025–26 UEFA Europa League league stage and the 2025 Johan Cruyff Shield. Feyenoord were the defending champions, but were eliminated by PSV in the quarter-finals.

De Kuip
Stadion Feijenoord (pronounced [ˌstaːdijɔɱ ˈfɛiənoːrt]), more commonly known by its nickname De Kuip (pronounced [də ˈkœyp], the Tub), is a stadium in Rotterdam, Netherlands. It was completed in 1937. The name is derived from the Feijenoord district in Rotterdam, and from the club with the same name (although the club's name was internationalised to Feyenoord in 1973). The stadium has also hosted the Dutch national football team. Beginning in the late 1970s, it also became a concert venue, including for international touring musical acts, though the local government stopped allowing concerts after mid-2025.

The stadium's original capacity was 64,000. In 1949, it was expanded to 69,000, and in 1994 it was converted to a 51,117-seat all-seater. In 1999, a significant amount of restoration and interior work took place at the stadium before its use as a venue in the UEFA Euro 2000 tournament, although capacity was largely unaffected.
Tenga, Altai Republic
Tenga (Russian: Теньга; Altay: Кеҥи, Keñi) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative centre of Tenginskoye Rural Settlement, Ongudaysky District, the Altai Republic, Russia. The population was 611 as of 2016. There are 7 streets.

Altai languages
Altai or Altay (Altay: Алтай тил, romanized: Altay til, IPA: [ɐɫtʰɐ́ɪ̯ tʰɪ̆l]) is a set of Turkic languages spoken officially in the Altai Republic, Russia. The standard vocabulary is based on the Southern Altai language, though it is also taught to and used by speakers of the Northern Altai language as well. Gorno–Altai refers to a subgroup of languages in the Altai Mountains. The languages were called Oyrot (ойрот) prior to 1948.

Altai is spoken primarily in the Altai Republic. A small community of speakers lives in the neighbouring Altai Krai as well.
Thoracic aorta injury
Injury of the thoracic aorta refers to any injury which affects the portion of the aorta which lies within the chest cavity. Injuries of the thoracic aorta are usually the result of physical trauma; however, they can also be the result of a pathological process. The main causes of this injury are deceleration (such as a car accident) and crush injuries. There are different grades to injuries to the aorta depending on the extent of injury, and the treatment whether surgical or medical depends on that grade. It is difficult to determine if a patient has a thoracic injury just by their symptoms, but through imaging and a physical exam the extent of injury can be determined. All patients with a thoracic aortic injury need to be treated either surgically with endovascular repair or open surgical repair or with medicine to keep their blood pressure and heart rate in the appropriate range. However, most patients that have a thoracic aortic injury do not live for 24 hours.

Aorta
The aorta (/eɪˈɔːrtə/ ay-OR-tə; pl.: aortas or aortae) is the main and largest artery in the human body, originating from the left ventricle of the heart, branching upwards immediately after, and extending down to the abdomen, where it splits at the aortic bifurcation into two smaller arteries (the common iliac arteries). The aorta distributes oxygenated blood to all parts of the body through the systemic circulation.
Mostéfa Merarda
Mostéfa Merarda, nicknamed Bennoui, was born on August 21, 1928 and died on May 18, 2007. He was a commander and acting chief of Wilayah I during the Algerian War. The second of his siblings, he was educated at a school in the town of Batna. At the age of 17, he married his cousin and became a farmer, before joining the independence movements that led to the Algerian War.

He became interim head of the Wilayah after Mohamed Tahar Abidi left for Tunisia. On November 25, 1961, he also returned to Tunisia, where he was appointed to represent the Algerian delegation in Havana. He then took part in the 1962 Tripoli congress, and was one of the witnesses to the 1962 Algerian crisis.

After the Algerian independence, he held several positions in Algeria and abroad. A few years before his death, he wrote his memoirs in Arabic, which were translated into French by Dahmane Nedjar and printed in two editions.

Wilayah
A wilayah (Arabic: وَلاية, romanized: walāya or wilāya, plural wilāyat, wilayat; Urdu, Pashto and Persian: ولایت, romanized: velâyat, welāyat; Turkish: vilayet) is an administrative division, usually translated as "state", "province" or occasionally as "governorate". The word comes from the Arabic root "w-l-y", "to govern": a wāli—"governor"—governs a wālāya (or wilāya), "that which is governed". Under the Caliphate, the term referred to any constituent near-sovereign state.
Jatari Indian Folk Association
The Jatari Indian Folk Association is a Hungarian musical group aims to explore and collect the folk traditions such as folk music, folk and sacral dances, national costume, folk instruments, legends, folk tales, Catholic liturgical and Gregorian tunes of Andean cultures of South America. The outcomes of this collecting work are represented in the frame of lectures, photo and folk exhibitions and music and dance shows.

Folk costume
Folk costume, also known as traditional dress, traditional attire, folk attire, or regalia is clothing of an ethnic group, nation or region, and expresses cultural, religious or national identity. It includes both everyday and formal wear, those which do not cater to Western dress codes.

An ethnic group's clothing may be called ethnic clothing or ethnic dress. Those attributed to a certain place are often called national costume or regional costume; these may have official designation.
Belovskoye, Belgorod Oblast
Belovskoye (Russian: Беловское) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Belovskoye Rural Settlement, Belgorodsky District, Belgorod Oblast, Russia. Population: 3,141 (2021 Census); 2,040 (2010 Census);  There are 34 streets.

Belgorodsky District
Belgorodsky District (Russian: Белгоро́дский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the twenty-one in Belgorod Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Belgorodsky Municipal District. It is located in the southwest of the oblast, on the border with Ukraine.  The area of the district is 1,472 square kilometers (568 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a settlement) of Maysky. Population: 191,744 (2021 Census); 108,778 (2010 Census); 90,430 (2002 Census); 68,870 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Maysky accounts for 7.4% of the district's total population.
Allolepis
Allolepis is a genus of North American plants in the grass family. The only known species is Allolepis texana (Texas false saltgrass).

Allolepis texana is similar to Distichlis spp. It is a dioecious, perennial herb reproducing by means of stolons running along the surface of the ground. Stems are glabrous, up to 70 cm (28 in) tall. Leaf blades are flat or somewhat folded, up to 43 cm (17 in) long and 6 mm (1⁄4 in) wide. The inflorescence is a tight panicle up to 6 cm (2+1⁄2 in) long with 5–70 spikelets. Staminate plants have up to 20 flowers per spikelet, pistillate plants only 5–9.

All of the known US populations are staminate (male), lacking female flowers, reproducing vegetatively.

Vegetative reproduction
Vegetative reproduction (also known as vegetative propagation, vegetative multiplication or cloning) is a form of asexual reproduction occurring in plants in which a new plant grows from a fragment or cutting of the parent plant or  specialized reproductive structures, which are sometimes called vegetative propagules.

Many plants naturally reproduce this way, but it can also be induced artificially. Horticulturists have developed asexual propagation techniques that use vegetative propagules to replicate plants. Success rates and difficulty of propagation vary greatly.  Monocotyledons typically lack a vascular cambium, making them more challenging to propagate.
Naantalin maalaiskunta
Naantalin maalaiskunta (Nådendals landskommun in Swedish), or the rural municipality of Naantali, as distinct from the city of Naantali, is a former municipality in Finland. The municipality was located in south-western Finland, surrounding the city of Naantali, and composed of rural and suburban areas around it, mostly on the island of Luonnonmaa and to the north of the city. By the 1960s, the city had expanded well outside its administrative boundaries, and rural municipality's population had exceeded that of the city. The rural municipality, which also suffered from financial difficulties, was annexed into the city of Naantali in 1964.

Municipalities of Finland
The municipalities (Finnish: kunta; Swedish: kommun) represent the local level of administration in Finland and act as the fundamental, self-governing administrative units of the country. The entire country is incorporated into municipalities and legally, all municipalities are equal, although certain municipalities are called cities or towns (Finnish: kaupunki; Swedish: stad). Municipalities have the right to levy a flat percentual income tax, which is between 16 and 22 percent, and they provide two thirds of public services. Municipalities control many community services, such as schools, health care and the water supply, and local streets. They do not maintain highways, set laws or keep police forces, which are responsibilities of the central government.