hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
QF 3.7-inch AA gun
The QF 3.7-inch AA was Britain's primary heavy anti-aircraft gun during World War II. It was roughly the equivalent of the German Flak 8.8 cm and American 90 mm, but with a slightly larger calibre of 3.7 inches, approximately 94 mm. Production began in 1937 and it was used throughout World War II in all theatres except the Eastern Front. It remained in use after the war until AA guns were replaced by guided missiles beginning in 1957.

The gun was produced in two versions, one mobile and another fixed. The fixed mounting allowed more powerful ammunition, Mk. VI, which gave vastly increased performance. Six variants of the two designs were introduced. The gun was also used as the basis for the Ordnance QF 32-pounder anti-tank gun variant used on the Tortoise heavy assault tank.

Missile
A missile is an airborne ranged weapon capable of self-propelled flight aided usually by a propellant, jet engine or rocket motor.

Historically, 'missile' referred to any projectile that is thrown, shot or propelled towards a target; this usage is still recognized today with any unguided jet- or rocket-propelled weapons generally described as rocket artillery. Airborne explosive devices without propulsion are referred to as shells if fired by an artillery piece and bombs if dropped by an aircraft.

Missiles are also generally guided towards specific targets termed as guided missiles or guided rockets. Missile systems usually have five system components: targeting, guidance system, flight system, engine, and warhead. Missiles are primarily classified into different types based on firing source and target such as surface-to-surface, air-to-surface, surface-to-air and air-to-air missiles.
Doumouh Al Bakkar
Doumouh Ibrahim Al Bakkar (Arabic: دموع ابراهيم البقار; born 7 April 1990) is a Lebanese football referee who officiates primarily in the Lebanese Women's Football League.

Starting out as a player and coach, Al Bakkar became a referee in 2014. In addition to women's matches, she has also officiated men's matches domestically, at both senior and youth level. Al Bakkar has refereed in various women's international competitions, such as the AFC Olympic Qualifying Tournament, AFC Asian Cup qualification, Arab Cup, Southeast Asian Games and WAFF Championship. She was also part of the refereeing team in the 2017 Summer Universiade final. In 2021, Al Bakkar became the first woman to officiate a Lebanese Premier League game.

Football at the SEA Games
Football has been part of the SEA Games sport since the 1959 edition. The women's football competition was held for the first time in 1985 in Thailand.

From the 2001 SEA Games to the 2015 SEA Games and again since 2021 SEA Games, the men's teams was restricted to under-23 plus additional three over-23 players maximum for each squad.

Since the 2017 SEA Games, the age limit for men's teams is under-22. At the 2019 SEA Games, two over-aged players were allowed for each team while the 2023 edition and 2025 edition saw no overage players allowed.

Thailand and Vietnam are the only two nations to have won both the men's and women's gold medals in a Southeast Asian Games football tournament. Thailand achieved this feat five times (in 1985, 1995, 1997, 2007, and 2013), while Vietnam accomplished it twice in 2019 and 2021.
Paul Geidel
Paul Geidel Jr. (April 21, 1894 – May 1, 1987) was the second longest-serving prison inmate in the United States whose sentence ended with his parole, a fact that earned him a place in Guinness World Records. His record was overtaken by Francis Clifford Smith who served 70 years, 31 days.

After being convicted of second-degree murder in 1911 at age 17, Geidel served 68 years and 296 days in various New York state prisons. He was released on May 7, 1980, at the age of 86.

Prisoner
A prisoner, also known as an inmate or detainee, is a person who is deprived of liberty against their will. This can be by confinement or captivity in a prison or physical restraint. The term usually applies to one serving a sentence in prison.
Joel H. Lyman
Joel H. Lyman (May 11, 1845 - May 4, 1922) was a Quartermaster sergeant in the Union Army and a Medal of Honor recipient for his actions in the American Civil War.

Lyman enlisted in the Army from East Randolph, New York in October 1861. He was wounded at the Third Battle of Winchester, and mustered out the next month. Lyman died on May 4, 1922. He is buried in Randolph Cemetery, New York.

East Randolph, New York
East Randolph is a hamlet, census-designated place, and former village in Cattaraugus County, New York, United States. The population was 620 at the 2010 census. East Randolph is adjacent to the northeast part of the former village of Randolph and is mostly within the town of Randolph, with a small part inside the town of Conewango. Their area code is 716.
Stopče
Stopče (pronounced [ˈstoːptʃɛ]) is a village in the Municipality of Šentjur in eastern Slovenia. It lies on the regional road leading east from the town of Šentjur to Grobelno. The settlement, and the entire municipality, are included in the Savinja Statistical Region, which is in the Slovenian portion of the historical Duchy of Styria.

The local church is dedicated to Saint Acacius (Slovene: sveti Ahac) and belongs to the Parish of Šentjur. It dates to 17th century and was extended and vaulted in 1777.

Duchy of Styria
The Duchy of Styria (German: Herzogtum Steiermark; Slovene: Vojvodina Štajerska; Latin: Ducatus Styriae) was a duchy located in modern-day southern Austria and northern Slovenia. It was a part of the Holy Roman Empire until its dissolution in 1806 and a Cisleithanian crown land of Austria-Hungary until its dissolution in 1918.
Hiss (surname)
Hiss is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alger Hiss (1904–1996), U.S. State Department employee and an accused Soviet spy

Anna Hiss (1893–1979), 20th-Century American professor of physical education

August Hiss, Swiss footballer

Arlene Hiss (born 1941), American former race car driver and schoolteacher

Donald Hiss (1906–1989), younger brother of Alger Hiss

Mike Hiss (1941–2018), former driver in the USAC Championship Car series

Priscilla Hiss (1903–1984), a 20th-century American teacher and book editor

Yehuda Hiss (born 1946), chief pathologist at the Abu Kabir Institute of Forensic Medicine

Mike Hiss
Mike Hiss (July 7, 1941 – December 19, 2018) was an American driver in the USAC Championship Car series. He raced in the 1972–1976 seasons, with 28 career starts, including the Indianapolis 500 in 1972–1975. He finished in the top-ten 13 times, with his best finish in second position in 1972 at Ontario. His seventh-place finish at Indy in 1972 earned him the title of Rookie of the Year.

Hiss was the centerfold of the first preview issue of Playgirl published in January 1973. He was briefly married to Arlene Hiss, the first woman to start a USAC Champ Car event.
William Brandon (standard-bearer)
Sir William Brandon (1456 – 22 August 1485) of Soham, Cambridgeshire was Henry Tudor's standard-bearer at the Battle of Bosworth, where he was killed by King Richard III. He was the father of Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk.

Standard-bearer
A standard-bearer, also known as a colour-bearer or flag-bearer, is a person who bears an emblem known as a standard or military colours, i.e. either a type of flag or an inflexible but mobile image, which is used (and often honoured) as a formal, visual symbol of a state, prince, military unit, etc. This can either be an occasional duty, often seen as an honour (especially on parade), or a permanent charge (also on the battlefield); the second type has even led in certain cases to this task being reflected in official rank titles such as Chorąży, Ensign, Cornet, Fähnrich and Alferes/Alférez.
Amalachaur
Amalachaur was a village development committee in Baglung District in the Dhaulagiri Zone of Western Development Region which was annexed to Baglung Municipality in 2016. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 5,055 and had 943 houses.

Baglung District
Baglung District (Nepali: बागलुङ जिल्ला pronounced [baɡluŋ] ⓘ), a part of Gandaki Province, is one of the seventy-seven districts of Nepal. The district, with Baglung as its district headquarters, covers an area of 1,784 km2 (689 sq mi) and has a population (2011) of 268,613.
Ludovic Pancrate
Ludovic Pancrate (born 23 February 1987) is a French professional football player.

He played on the professional level in Ligue 2 for US Créteil-Lusitanos in the 2006–07 Ligue 2 season, making his debut for the club in the game against FC Gueugnon on 26 January 2007.

After three seasons with Créteil he joined UJA Alfortville for two seasons, and then spent five seasons with L'Entente SSG. He spent the first half of 2016 with Dinan-Léhon, signing for Ivry in August of the same year.

In 2019 he spent time with AS Excelsior in Réunion.

He signed for a second time with Créteil for the 2019–20 season, leaving for Versailles at the end of the season, but returning to Créteil for a third time after just three months.

FC Versailles 78
Football Club de Versailles 78 (French: [futbol klœb də vɛʁsaj swasɑ̃t.diz‿ɥit]), also known as FC Versailles, Versailles or simply FCV, is a French semi-professional association football club based in the commune of Versailles, Île-de-France. The club was formed in 1989 as the result of a merger between Racing Club Versailles and Companion Sports Versailles. Their home stadium is the Stade Montbauron, which has a capacity of 7,545 people.

The club won promotion from the 2021–22 Championnat National 2 and now plays in the Championnat National, the third tier of the French football league system. The club is an official academy of the French Football Federation. Since 2024, the club has been partially owned by French Formula One driver Pierre Gasly.
Canton of Monthureux-sur-Saône
The Canton of Monthureux-sur-Saône is a former French administrative and electoral grouping of communes in the Vosges département of eastern France and in the region of Lorraine. It was disbanded following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. It consisted of 11 communes, which joined the canton of Darney in 2015. It had 2,447 inhabitants (2012).

One of 13 cantons in the Arrondissement of Épinal, the Canton of Monthureux-sur-Saône had its administrative centre at Monthureux-sur-Saône.

Canton of Darney
The Canton of Darney is a rural French administrative and electoral grouping of communes in the Vosges département of eastern France and in the region of Grand Est. The Canton of Darney has its administrative centre at Darney.
Othmar Zeidler
Othmar Zeidler (29 August 1850 – 17 June 1911) was an Austrian chemist credited with the first synthesis of DDT.

He was born on 29 August 1850 in Vienna a son of the Viennese pharmacist Franz Zeidler. Othmar's brother, Franz Zeidler Jr. (1851–1901), also became a chemist and would collaborate with him on several projects. As a doctoral student with Adolf von Baeyer at the University of Strasbourg, then in Germany, Zeidler is credited with the first synthesis of the insecticide dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, or DDT in 1874. Othmar returned to Austria before 1876 and, after working at the I. chemischen Universitätslaboratorium at the University of Vienna, became a pharmacist in the Fünfhaus district of the capital. He died in Mauer near Vienna on 17 June 1911.

Mauer, Vienna
Mauer (German pronunciation: [ˈmaʊɐ] ⓘ; German for "wall"; Central Bavarian: Maua) is a former village of Lower Austria that has been part of Vienna since 1938. Today's cadastral community belongs to the 23rd District of Vienna, called Liesing. In the west, Mauer borders the Vienna Woods.
Organ bath
An organ chamber, organ bath, or isolated tissue bath, is a chamber in which isolated organs or tissues can be administered with drugs, or stimulated electrically, in order to measure their function. The tissue in the organ bath is typically oxygenated with carbogen and kept in a solution such as Tyrode's solution or lactated Ringer's solution. Historically, they have also been called gut baths.

Vas deferens
The vas deferens (pl.: vasa deferentia), ductus deferens (pl.: ductūs deferentes), or sperm duct is part of the male reproductive system of many vertebrates. In mammals, spermatozoa are produced in the seminiferous tubules and flow into the epididymal duct. The end of the epididymis is connected to the vas deferens. The vas deferens ends with an opening into the ejaculatory duct at a point where the duct of the seminal vesicle also joins the ejaculatory duct.
The vas deferens is a partially coiled tube which exits the abdominal cavity through the inguinal canal.
Velters Cornewall Berkeley
Velters Cornewall Berkeley (c. 1754–1804) was an officer in the Royal Navy. He served in both the American and French Revolutionary Wars but never rose above the rank of Captain. He died at his home in Oxford in 1804, aged 50.

Captain (Royal Navy)
Captain (Capt.) is a senior officer rank of the Royal Navy. It ranks above commander and below commodore and has a NATO ranking code of OF-5.  The rank is equivalent to a colonel in the British Army and Royal Marines, and to a group captain in the Royal Air Force.  There are similarly named equivalent ranks in the navies of many other countries.
City on a Hill Press
City on a Hill Press, originally launched in 1966 as The Fulcrum, is the weekly student newspaper of the University of California, Santa Cruz (UCSC). Designed as a magazine, the weekly tabloid-sized paper releases new issues every Thursday of the fall, winter and spring academic quarters, as well as a back-to-school issue entitled "Primer" at the end of the summer session, for a total of 30 issues per school year.

The paper reports not only on UCSC campus news, but also on news in the city of Santa Cruz.

Tabloid (newspaper format)
A tabloid is a newspaper format characterized by its compact size, smaller than a broadsheet. The term originates from the 19th century, when the London-based pharmaceutical company Burroughs Wellcome & Co. used the term to describe compressed pills, later adopted by newspapers to denote condensed content. There are two main types of tabloid newspaper: red tops and compact, distinguished by editorial style.

Red top tabloids are distinct from broadsheet newspapers, which traditionally cater to more affluent, educated audiences with in-depth reporting and analysis. However, the line between tabloids and broadsheets has blurred in recent decades, as many broadsheet newspapers have adopted tabloid or compact formats to reduce costs and attract readers.

Globally, the tabloid format has been adapted to suit regional preferences and media landscapes. In countries like Germany and Australia, tabloids such as Bild and The Daily Telegraph have significant readerships and political clout.
Bill Hartack Memorial Handicap
The Bill Hartack Memorial Handicap is an American Thoroughbred horse race run at Hawthorne Race Course in Stickney/Cicero, Illinois in the early spring of the year.  The ungraded stakes race is for horses three-year-olds and older, and is set at a distance of one and one-eighth of a mile.  The race offers a purse of $200,000.

In 2009, the race was downgraded from a Grade III event to ungraded status, but as of 2015 had once again been awarded Grade III status.

Formerly known as the National Jockey Club Handicap, the race was inaugurated as the Bill Hartack Memorial Handicap in 2008 to honor the Hall of Fame jockey Bill Hartack who died in November 2007.  Hartack won the Kentucky Derby fives times: 1957 on Iron Liege, 1960 on Venetian Way, 1962 on Decidedly, 1964 on Northern Dancer, and 1969 on Majestic Prince.

(In 2000, 2001 and 2002, the race was held at Sportsman's Park Racetrack in Cicero, Illinois.)

Chicago Motor Speedway
The Chicago Motor Speedway at Sportsman's Park was a motorsports race track, located in Cicero, Illinois, just outside Chicago. It was built in 1999 by a group including Chip Ganassi, owner of Chip Ganassi Racing. In 2002 the 1.029-mile (1.656 km) oval shaped track suspended operations due to financial conditions in the motorsports industry. The track was also the site of horse races, for which the track was called "Sportsman's Park". The track was one of three racetracks that hosted both NASCAR auto races and horse races (the others are Dover International Speedway and the Syracuse Mile).
Ctenotus maryani
Ctenotus maryani, also known commonly as Maryan's ctenotus, is a species of lizard in the subfamily Sphenomorphinae of the family Scincidae (skinks). The species is endemic to the state of Western Australia.

Skink
Skinks are lizards that constitute the family Scincidae, which is part of the infraorder Scincomorpha. With more than 1,500 described species across 100 different taxonomic genera, the family Scincidae is one of the most diverse families of lizards. Skinks are characterized by their smaller legs in comparison to typical lizards and are found in different habitats except arctic and subarctic regions.
Tatiana Day
Tatiana Day (Russian: Татьянин день, Tatyanin den'), also known as Tatyana's Day or Students Day, is named after Saint Tatiana, a Christian martyr in 3rd-century Rome during the reign of Emperor Alexander Severus. It is also the name day for the name Tatiana. The Russian Orthodox Church celebrates St. Tatiana's feast on 12 January Julian, which corresponds to 25 January Gregorian in the 20th and 21st centuries. In Russia, the day is known as Students Day, commemorating the end of the winter university exams session.

Reign
A reign is the period of a person's or dynasty's occupation of the office of monarch of a nation (e.g., Saudi Arabia, Belgium, Andorra), of a people (e.g., the Franks, the Zulus) or of a spiritual community (e.g., Catholicism, Tibetan Buddhism, Nizari Ismailism). In most hereditary monarchies and some elective monarchies (e.g., Holy Roman Empire) there have been no limits on the duration of a sovereign's reign or incumbency, nor is there a term of office. Thus, a reign usually lasts until the monarch dies, unless the monarchy itself is abolished or the monarch abdicates or is deposed.

In elective monarchies, there may be a fixed period of time for the duration of the monarch's tenure in office (e.g., Malaysia).

The term of a reign can be indicated with the abbreviation "r." (for Latin rexit) after a sovereign's name, such as the following:

George VI, King of Great Britain, Ireland and the British Dominions, Emperor of India (r. 1936–1952).
Gus Voerg
August "Gus" Voerg (June 7, 1870 – April 21, 1944), also known as Gustav Voerg, was an American rower who competed in the 1904 Summer Olympics.

In 1904 he was part of the American boat which won the bronze medal in the coxless four.

1904 Summer Olympics
The 1904 Summer Olympics (officially the Games of the III Olympiad and also known as St. Louis 1904) were an international multi-sport event held in St. Louis, Missouri, United States, from 1 July to 23 November 1904. Many events were conducted at what is now known as Francis Field on the campus of Washington University in St. Louis. This was the first time that the Olympic Games were held outside Europe.

Tensions caused by the Russo–Japanese War and difficulties in traveling to St. Louis resulted in very few top-class athletes from outside the United States and Canada taking part in the 1904 Games. Only 69–74 of the 651 athletes who competed came from outside North America, and only between 12 and 15 nations were represented in all. Some events subsequently combined the U.S. national championship with the Olympic championship. The current three-medal format of gold, silver and bronze for first, second and third place was introduced at the 1904 Olympics.
Adventures in Madrid
Adventures in Madrid or The Adventures in Madrid is a 1706 comedy by the English writer Mary Pix. It was her final staged work.

It premiered at the Queen's Theatre in the Haymarket. The original cast featured John Freeman as Gomez, Barton Booth as Gaylord, Benjamin Husband as Bellmour, William Bowen as Gusman, John Corey as Don Philip, George Pack as Jo, William Fieldhouse as Pedro, Anne Bracegirdle as Laura, Elizabeth Barry as Clarinda, Elizabeth Bowman as Emelia and Margaret Bicknell as Lisset.

Haymarket, London
Haymarket is a street in the St James's area of the City of Westminster. It runs from Piccadilly Circus in the north to Pall Mall at the southern end. Located on the street are the Theatre Royal, His Majesty's Theatre, New Zealand House, a cinema complex and restaurants.
International Particle Physics Outreach Group
The International Particle Physics Outreach Group (IPPOG) is a network of scientists, educators, and communicators from several countries that works to improve the public's understanding and appreciation of particle physics. Established in 1997 at CERN, IPPOG works in collaboration with particle physics laboratories and experiments, including CERN, the Pierre Auger Observatory, DESY, and GSI.

DESY
DESY, short for Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (English: German Electron Synchrotron), is a national research centre for fundamental science located in Hamburg and Zeuthen near Berlin in Germany. It operates particle accelerators used to investigate the structure, dynamics and function of matter, and conducts a broad spectrum of interdisciplinary scientific research in four main areas: particle and high energy physics; photon science; astroparticle physics; and the development, construction and operation of particle accelerators. Its name refers to its first project, an electron synchrotron. DESY is publicly financed by the Federal Republic of Germany and the Federal States of Hamburg and Brandenburg and is a member of the Helmholtz Association.
David Sayre
David Sayre (March 2, 1924 – February 23, 2012) was an American scientist, credited with the early development of direct methods for protein crystallography and of diffraction microscopy (also called coherent diffraction imaging). While working at IBM he was part of the initial team of ten programmers who created FORTRAN, and later suggested the use of electron beam lithography for the fabrication of X-ray Fresnel zone plates.

The International Union of Crystallography awarded Sayre the Ewald Prize in 2008 for  
the "unique breadth of his contributions to crystallography, which range from seminal contributions to the solving of the phase problem to the complex physics of imaging generic objects by X-ray diffraction and microscopy(...)".

International Union of Crystallography
The International Union of Crystallography (IUCr) is an organisation devoted to the international promotion and coordination of the science of crystallography. The IUCr is a member of the International Council for Science (ICSU).
HIV/AIDS in Belize
HIV/AIDS in Belize affects about 1.10% of the population, giving the country the highest prevalence in Central America. As of 2023, it is estimated that 3,600 adults and children are living with HIV in Belize. This total number of people living with HIV in Belize has consistently increased year-to-year since 1990. Subpopulations may have a concentrated epidemic, with concentrations in men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women.

Men who have sex with men
Men who have sex with men (MSM) are men who engage in sexual activity with other men, regardless of their sexual orientation or sexual identity. The term was created by epidemiologists in the 1990s, to better study and communicate the spread of sexually transmitted infections such as HIV/AIDS between all sexually active males, not strictly those identifying as gay, bisexual, pansexual or various other sexualities, but also for example male prostitutes. The term is often used in medical literature and social research to describe such men as a group. It does not describe any specific kind of sexual activity, and which activities are covered by the term depends on context. The alternative term "males who have sex with males" is sometimes considered more accurate in cases where those described may not be legal adults.