hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chi Lăng district
Chi Lăng is a rural district of Lạng Sơn province in the Northeastern region of Vietnam. It is famous for many decisive battles at Chi Lăng pass in which the Vietnamese defeated the Chinese invaders.

As of 2003, the district had a population of 77,910. The district covers an area of 703 km2. The district capital lies at Đồng Mỏ.

Chi Lăng pass was the site of many battles between feudal Vietnam and northern armies. Lý Thường Kiệt, Trần Hưng Đạo and Lê Lợi were among the army leaders that won battles in the district. Nowadays, many streets and places across Vietnam are named after the Chi Lăng pass, most notably the Chi Lăng Stadium in Đà Nẵng and Chi Lăng Park in Ho Chi Minh City.

Trần Hưng Đạo
Trần Hưng Đạo (Vietnamese: [ʈʂʌ̀n hɯ̄ŋ ɗâwˀ]; 1228–1300), real name Trần Quốc Tuấn (陳國峻), also known as Grand Prince Hưng Đạo (Hưng Đạo Đại Vương – 興道大王), was a Vietnamese royal prince, statesman and military commander of Đại Việt military forces during the Trần dynasty. After his death, he was considered a saint and deified by the people and named Đức Thánh Trần (德聖陳) or Cửu Thiên Vũ Đế (九天武帝). Hưng Đạo commanded the Vietnamese armies that repelled two out of three major Mongol invasions in the late 13th century. His multiple victories over the Yuan dynasty under Kublai Khan are considered among the greatest military feats in Vietnamese history.
Narasimhan
Narasimhan is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Laxman Narasimhan, Indian businessman, CEO of Starbucks

M. S. Narasimhan (1932–2021), Indian mathematician

Raghavan Narasimhan (1937–2015), Indian mathematician at the University of Chicago

Rangaswamy Narasimhan (1926–2007), Indian computer scientist

Vasant Narasimhan, CEO of Novartis

Vasant Narasimhan
Vasant "Vas" Narasimhan (born August 26, 1976) is an American physician and the chief executive officer of Novartis. He succeeded Joseph Jimenez who left Novartis in 2018. He briefly worked at McKinsey before joining Novartis in 2005, where he has held a range of leadership roles, including Global Head of Development for Novartis Vaccines and Global Head of Drug Development & Chief Medical Officer.
Križančevo selo massacre
On 22 December 1993, after an attack by the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (ARBiH) on Croatian Defence Council (HVO) positions in Križančevo selo, a hamlet in the Lašva Valley in central Bosnia, at least 14 Croat soldiers and civilians were killed.

Bosnia (region)
Bosnia (Serbo-Croatian: Bosna / Босна, pronounced [bɔ̂sna]) is the northern region of Bosnia and Herzegovina, encompassing roughly 81% of the country; the other region, the southern part, is Herzegovina.

The two regions have formed a geopolitical entity since medieval times, and the name "Bosnia" commonly occurs in historical and geopolitical senses as generally referring to both regions (Bosnia and Herzegovina). The official use of the combined name started only in the late period of Ottoman rule.
Hannah Blythyn
Hannah Blythyn (born 17 April 1979) is a Welsh politician who served as the Minister for Social Partnership in the Welsh Government from 2021 to 2024. She was previously the Environment Minister from 2017 to 2018 and the Deputy Minister for Housing and Local Government from 2018 to 2021. A member of Welsh Labour and Co-operative Party, she has been the Member of the Senedd (MS) for Delyn since 2016.

In the 2026 Senedd election, she will be a candidate in the Clwyd constituency.

Cabinet Secretary for Local Government
The Cabinet Secretary for Local Government (Welsh: Ysgrifennydd y Cabinet dros Lywodraeth Leol) is a cabinet position in the Welsh Government which has existed in various forms since the creation of the Welsh Government. The current officeholder is Jayne Bryant since July 2024.

In the past, the position had responsibility for housing in Wales. From 2018 to 2021, the position was titled as Minister for Housing and Local Government under the term of Julie James MS.

The minister was responsible for local authorities' housing activities, homelessness, regulation of the private rented sector, regulation of commercial tenancies let by local authorities, Local Government relations and structures, the audit and inspection of public services, planning regulation, and a range of other issues. Responsibilities involved with Local Government was merged with Finance responsibilities, and responsibilities on housing was transferred to a new super department (climate change) under Julie James.
Amir Khan Yaghlevandli-Javanshir
Amir Khan Yaghlevandli-Javanshir (b. Yaghlevandli oymagh, Safavid Karabakh - d. Kashmir, Durrani Empire ) was a Qizilbash military and political figure, general, belonging to the same family as the Karabakh khans.

Safavid Karabakh
The province of Karabakh (also spelled Qarabagh; Persian: ولایت قره باغ, romanized: Velāyat-e Qarabāgh) was a north-western province of the Safavid Iran, centered on the geographic region of Karabakh.

The governorship of Karabakh was generally held by a member of the Qajars, one of the Qizilbash tribes. Its highlands were controlled by the five Armenian melikdoms.
Giacomo Dondoli
Giacomo Dondoli (active 17th – 18th century) was an Italian painter in Verona. He initially studied under Giovanni Battista Zannoni in Verona, then under Cavalier Coppa, and later under Pietro Ricchi (il Lucchese) in Trento. He painted for Charles I, Duke of Mantua. He mainly painted sacred subjects including a San Carlo for the church of the Ghiara in Verona; a Last Supper for San Fermo; a Death of Sant'Alessio for the church of the same name. He painted Nero watching Rome Burn and Story of Jacob. He was active in Verona circa 1717. His wife Caterina was also a painter.

San Fermo Maggiore, Verona
San Fermo Maggiore is a Romanesque and Gothic church in central Verona. It is dedicated to Saints Firmus and Rusticus, brothers who are local martyrs from the 3rd century.

The exterior has a roofline with pinnacles, and the church once held the tomb of a member of the Scaligers. The interior has many medieval frescos, as well as later decoration, including the Brenzoni Monument (discussed below), an altarpiece of St Francis of Assisi by Giovanni Battista Belloti, whilst Veronese's Bevilacqua-Lazise Altarpiece was originally painted for a funerary chapel in the church. A crucifixion on the counter-façade is one of Turone's most significant works.
Ronald G. Ehrenberg
Ronald Gordon Ehrenberg is an American economist. He has primarily worked in the field of labor economics including the economics of higher education. He is Irving M. Ives Professor of Industrial and Labor Relations and Economics Emeritus at the New York State School of Industrial and Labor Relations at Cornell University. He is the founder-director of the Cornell Higher Education Research Institute (CHERI) and a member of the National Academy of Education.

Labour economics
Labour economics is the subfield of economics concerned with the study of labour as an input to economic production. Broadly, it surveys labor markets and the economic decisions of agents participating in such markets. Topics of study include the labour supply of workers and how it is affected by variables such as age, education, gender and childbearing, as well as the labour demand by firms searching for different forms of labour as an input in the production of goods and services. In addition, labour economics studies, amongst others, phenomena such as schooling, human capital, inequality, unemployment, trade unions, discrimination, technological change, and public policies related to labour markets, such as unemployment benefits, pensions and health care.
Donald Bartlett
Christianity portal

Donald Mackenzie Maynard Bartlett (25 August 1873 – 16 October 1969) was an Anglican priest and author.

Bartlett was educated at Haileybury; Clare College, Cambridge; and Wells Theological College. He was ordained in 1896. After curacies in Bethnal Green, Ashill and Leeds he was Vicar of St Mark, Leeds. During the First World War he was a Chaplain to the British Armed Forces. He was Vicar of St Wilfrid, Harrogate from 1919 to 1940; Rural Dean of Knaresborough from 1935 to 1937; Archdeacon of Leeds from 1937  to 1940; Archdeacon of Richmond from 1940 to 1951; and a Canon Residentiary at Ripon Cathedral from 1940 until 1961.

Haileybury and Imperial Service College
Haileybury is a co-educational public school (fee-charging boarding and day school for 11-to-18-year-olds) located in Hertford Heath, Hertfordshire. It is a member of the Rugby Group and enrols pupils at the 11+, 13+ and 16+ stages of education. Over 890 pupils attend Haileybury, of whom more than 550 board. The campus occupies over 500 acres (200 ha) of Hertfordshire countryside, approximately 20 mi (32 km) from London.
Sabeen Rezvi
Sabeen Rezvi (born 10 December 1984) is a Pakistani former cricketer who played as a right-arm off break bowler. She appeared in six One Day Internationals for Pakistan in 2002, all against Sri Lanka in 2002.

Off spin
Off spin is a type of spin bowling in cricket. A bowler who uses this technique is called an off spinner. Off spinners bowl with their right-arm and a  finger spin action. Their normal delivery is called an off break, which spins from left to right (from the bowler's perspective) when the ball bounces on the pitch. For a right-handed batter, the ball breaks towards them from the off side, hence the name 'off break'.

Off spinners bowl mostly off breaks, varying them by adjusting the line and length of the deliveries. Off spinners also bowl other types of delivery, which spin differently. Aside from these variations in spin, varying the speed, length and flight of the ball are also important for the off spinner.

The bowler with the most wickets in the history of both Test matches and ODIs, Muttiah Muralitharan, was an off spinner.
United States Post Office (Albion, Nebraska)
The Albion United States Post Office, also known as U.S. Post Office-Albion in Albion in Boone County, Nebraska, was built in 1939.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.

This is one of 12 Nebraska post offices featuring a Section of Fine Arts mural, "Nebraska in Winter" (1939) by Jenne Magafan.

It is a one-story brick building with simple Colonial Revival details.

Boone County, Nebraska
Boone County is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 5,386. Its county seat is Albion. The county was organized in 1871 and named after Daniel Boone.

In the Nebraska license plate system, Boone County is represented by the prefix 23 (it had the 23rd-largest number of vehicles registered in the county when the license plate system was established in 1922).
Casa de Moneda de Coquimbo
The Casa de Moneda de Coquimbo was a mint  created in La Serena, established on September 27, 1827, due to the silver mining boom triggered by the discovery of silver at Arqueros (1825). From the point of view of the Chilean government of that period, to purchase silver and make coins in the province of Coquimbo was more economical than transport the silver to Santiago.

This mint is noted for being the only official mint located outside Santiago during the history of Chile.

Gregorio Cordovez del Caso was appointed as intendent of the mint on 24 June 1828.

Mint (facility)
A mint is an industrial facility which manufactures coins that can be used as currency.

The history of mints correlates closely with the history of coins. In the beginning, hammered coinage or cast coinage were the chief means of coin minting, with resulting production runs numbering as little as the hundreds or thousands. In modern mints, coin dies are manufactured in large numbers and planchets are made into milled coins by the billions.

With the mass production of currency, the production cost is weighed when minting coins. For example, it costs the United States Mint much less than 25 cents to make a quarter (a 25 cent coin), and the difference in production cost and face value (called seigniorage) helps fund the minting body. Conversely, a U.S. penny ($0.01) cost $0.015 to make in 2016.
Flufftail
Flufftails (genus Sarothrura) are small birds related to rails and finfoots. There are nine species, seven of which are distributed across sub-Saharan Africa, with the remaining two in Madagascar. The genus was long placed with the rail family Rallidae, but is now placed in the family Sarothruridae, along with three other species of wood rails (genus Canirallus).

Grey-throated rail
The grey-throated rail (Canirallus oculeus) is a species of bird in the family Rallidae, the only member of the genus Canirallus. It is found in Cameroon, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria, and Sierra Leone.

The genus Canirallus was formerly placed in the family Sarothruridae. The genus was moved to Rallidae when a molecular genetic study published in 2019 found that the grey-throated rail was more closely related to Rallidae than it was to Sarothruridae.
Biographies of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru (Huang Tingjian calligraphy)
This grass-style Chinese calligraphy titled Biographies of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru was written by the famous calligrapher Huang Tingjian (1045–1105) in the Northern Song dynasty (960–1127).  The overall handscroll is 34.3 cm in height and 2,178.4 cm in length and contains 652 identifiable Chinese characters. The manuscript was originally collected by New York art collector John M. Crawford Jr. (1909–1988), and currently collected by the New York Metropolitan Museum of Art.

The words of the handscroll are taken from Chapter 81 of Records of the Grand Historian, written about a thousand years earlier, which describes the conflict between the Zhao historical figures Lian Po and Lin Xiangru. The text is edited to end at a key point, closing with Lin's words,“[When] two tigers fight, one must perish. I behave as I do because I put our country’s fate before private feuds.”, seen as politically significant in the artist's own time.

Lin Xiangru
Lin Xiangru (Chinese: 藺相如; pinyin: Lìn Xiāngrú) (died c.July 260 BCE) was a politician and general of the Warring States period, who served the state of Zhao. He figures prominently in two stories of the period, namely the episode and the namesake chengyu of "Returning the Jade to Zhao" (完璧歸趙), as well as the story and the namesake chengyu of "Carrying Thorned Grass and Pleading Guilt" (負荊請罪).
Gina Johnsen
Gina Johnsen is an American politician from Michigan who has represented the 78th district in the Michigan House of Representatives since the 2022 election. She was reelected in 2024.

Johnsen is a business professional in the healthcare industry.

2024 Michigan House of Representatives election
The 2024 Michigan House of Representatives elections was held on November 5, 2024, alongside the 2024 United States presidential election.

All 110 seats in the Michigan House of Representatives were elected.
Iñaki Azkuna
Iñaki Azkuna Urreta  (14 February 1943 – 20 March 2014) was a Spanish politician of the Basque Nationalist Party. He was mayor of the city of Bilbao, Biscay in the Basque Country, from 1999 until his death. In 2012, Azkuna won the World Mayor Prize, honoring the most outstanding mayors in the world, for his transformation of industrial Bilbao into a cultural centre.

Azkuna died from prostate cancer on 20 March 2014 in Bilbao, Biscay. He was 71 years old.

Biscay
Biscay (/ˈbɪskeɪ, ˈbɪski/ BISK-ay, BISK-ee; Basque: Bizkaia [bis̻kai.a]; Spanish: Vizcaya [biθˈkaʝa]) is a province of the Basque Autonomous Community, heir of the ancient Lordship of Biscay, lying on the south shore of the eponymous bay. The capital and largest city is Bilbao.

Biscay is one of the most renowned and prosperous provinces of Spain, historically a major trading hub in the Atlantic Ocean since medieval times and, later on, one of the largest industrial and financial centers of the Iberian Peninsula. Since the extensive deindustrialization that took place throughout the 1970s, the economy has come to rely more on the services sector.
Feldberg, Baden-Württemberg
Feldberg (German pronunciation: [ˈfɛltˌbɛʁk]) is a municipality in the district of Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald in Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany. It is located near the Feldberg, the highest summit in Baden-Württemberg. It comprises the settlements of Altglashütten, Neuglashütten, Falkau, Bärental, and Feldberg. At an elevation of 1,277 m, the last is considered the highest village in Germany.

Southern Black Forest Nature Park
The Southern Black Forest Nature Park (German: Naturpark Südschwarzwald) is located in Baden-Württemberg in Germany and covers an area of 394,000 hectares (970,000 acres). As of 2018, it is Germany's largest nature park.
Vasyl Yurchenko
Vasyl Yurchenko (Russian: Василий Юрченко)(alternate spellings: Vasily Yurchenko, Vasiliy Jurtzhenko; born 26 May 1950) is a Soviet-born Ukrainian sprint canoeist who competed from the early 1970s to the early 1980s. Competing in three Summer Olympics, he won two medals. This included one silver (C-1 1000 m: 1976) and one bronze (C-2 1000 m: 1980).

Yurchenko had better success at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships, winning 12 medals. This included seven golds (C-1 1000 m: 1974, 1975; C-1 10000 m: 1973, 1975; C-2 1000 m: 1977, 1979; C-2 10000 m: 1979), four silvers (C-1 10000 m: 1971, 1974, 1977, 1978), and one bronze (C-2 500 m: 1977).

His daughter Kateryna competed for Ukraine in canoeing at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta.

1973 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships
The 1973 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships were held in lake Kaukajärvi, Tampere, Finland. Kaukajärvi Canoe/Kayak venue on map..

The men's competition consisted of six Canadian (single paddle, open boat) and nine kayak events. Three events were held for the women, all in kayak.

This was the tenth championships in canoe sprint.
Miles Kestrel
The Miles M.9 Kestrel was a 1930s British single-engined tandem seat monoplane, intended as an advanced trainer. Only one Kestrel was built but it was developed into the Miles Master for the RAF and produced in large numbers at the start of the Second World War.

Browning machine gun
Browning machine guns are a family of machine gun designs by John Browning, a prolific weapon designer.

These include:

M1895 Colt–Browning machine gun, based on a design dating to 1889, was the first successful gas-operated machine gun to enter service.

M1917 Browning machine gun, a family of water-cooled machine guns in .30-'06

M1918 Browning Automatic Rifle, or its variants

M1919 Browning machine gun, a family of air-cooled machine guns in .30-'06

M1921 Browning machine gun, a family of water-cooled machine guns in .50 BMG

M2 Browning machine gun, a family of air-cooled machine guns in .50 BMG

A related term:

.50 BMG or .50 Browning Machine Gun, a large caliber machine gun round
Lintneria xantus
Lintneria xantus is a moth of the  family Sphingidae. It is known from Baja California and north-western Mexico.

The larvae probably feed on Lamiaceae (such as Salvia, Mentha, Monarda and Hyptis), Hydrophylloideae (such as Wigandia) and Verbenaceae species (such as Verbena and Lantana).

Verbenaceae
The Verbenaceae (/ˌvɜːrbəˈneɪsi.iː/ VUR-bə-NAY-see-ee), the verbena family or vervain family, is a family of mainly tropical flowering plants. It contains trees, shrubs, and herbs notable for heads, spikes, or clusters of small flowers, many of which have an aromatic smell.

The family Verbenaceae includes 32 genera and 800 species. Phylogenetic studies have shown that numerous genera traditionally classified in Verbenaceae belong instead in Lamiaceae. The mangrove genus Avicennia, sometimes placed in the Verbenaceae or in its own family, Avicenniaceae, has been placed in the Acanthaceae.

Economically important Verbenaceae include:

Lemon verbena (Aloysia triphylla), grown for aroma or flavoring

Verbenas or vervains (Verbena), some used in herbalism, others grown in gardens
Munira Ibrahim Al Sabii
Munira Ibrahim Al Sabii is a Bahraini poet and a member of the Popular Poetry Society in the Kingdom of Bahrain. She published two collections of poetry (Diwan). The first single title “Poetic Lights” (Original title: manayir sherya) included a number of Munira's poems. The second collection was shared and had works of a number of other female poets and was issued under the title “Poets of The Million” (Original title: shaeirat almilyuni) by The Academy of Poetry in the Committee of Management of Festivals and Cultural and Heritage Programs in Abu Dhabi, as well as her study "The role of the new media in promoting cultural exchange between Arab peoples: the Arab Gulf states as a model" (Original title: dawr al'iielam aljadid fi taeziz altabadul althaqafii bayn alshueub alearabiati: dual alkhalij alearabii anmwdhjan) .

Diwan (poetry)
A diwan (from Persian دیوان divân [d̪iːˈvɒːn]; Arabic pronunciation: [diːˈwaːn]) is a collection of poems by a single author – usually excluding the poet's long poems – in Islamic cultures of West Asia, Central Asia, North Africa, Sicily and South Asia.

The vast majority of Diwan poetry was lyric in nature: either ghazals (or gazels, which make up the greatest part of the repertoire of the tradition) or kasîdes. There were, however, other common genres, most particularly the mesnevî—a kind of verse romance and thus a variety of narrative poetry; the two most notable examples of this form are the Layla and Majnun (ليلى و مجنون) of Fuzûlî and the Hüsn ü Aşk (حسن و عشق – 'Beauty and Love') of Şeyh Gâlib.

Originating in Persian literature, the idea spread to the Arab, Turkic and Indic worlds, and the term was sometimes used in Europe, albeit not always in the same way.
Yaeyama Subprefecture
Yaeyama Subprefecture (八重山支庁, Yaeyama-shichō) was a subprefecture of Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. It was abolished in March 2009. Most of its functions were taken over by the Yaeyama Office of the prefecture.

It included the following cities and towns of Yaeyama and Senkaku Islands:

Ishigaki (city on Ishigaki and Senkaku Islands)

Taketomi (town on Iriomote, Taketomi, Kohama, Kuroshima, Hateruma, Hatoma, and others)

Yonaguni (town on Yonaguni)

Taketomi Island
Taketomi Island (竹富島, Taketomi-jima; Yaeyama: Takidun; Taketomi dialect: Teedun; Okinawan: Dakidun) is an island in the town of Taketomi, within Yaeyama District of Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. Taketomi is one of the Yaeyama Islands. The population of Taketomi Island was 323 as of January 2012.
Deercroft, North Carolina
Deercroft is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Scotland County, North Carolina, United States. Its population was 411 as of the 2010 census. U.S. Routes 15 and 501 pass through the community.

U.S. Route 501
U.S. Route 501 (US 501) is a spur of U.S. Route 1. It runs 355 miles (571 km) from Buena Vista, Virginia at U.S. Route 60 to Myrtle Beach, South Carolina at U.S. Route 17 Business.
It passes through the states of Virginia, North Carolina and South Carolina. From Durham to Laurinburg, a 108-mile (174 km) section of US 501 overlaps U.S. Route 15.
Sections of US 15-501 also share routings with U.S. Route 1 in sections near Sanford, North Carolina and Aberdeen, North Carolina.
Grewia flavescens
Grewia flavescens, called rough-leaved raisin, sandpaper raisin, and donkey berry (a name it shares with Grewia bicolor), is a species of flowering plant in the family Malvaceae, native to sub‑Saharan Africa, Yemen, Saudi Arabia, and India. It is considered to be an underutilized crop, both for its fruit and its use for livestock forage. Caterpillars of Anaphe reticulata have been found to feed on the foliage.

Forage
Forage is a plant material (mainly plant leaves and stems) eaten by grazing livestock. Historically, the term forage has meant only plants eaten by the animals directly as pasture, crop residue, or immature cereal crops, but it is also used more loosely to include similar plants cut for fodder and carried to the animals, especially as hay or silage.

While the term forage has a broad definition, the term forage crop is used to define crops, annual or biennial, which are grown to be utilized by grazing or harvesting as a whole crop.