hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
George A. Smith
George Albert Smith (June 26, 1817 – September 1, 1875) was an early leader in the Latter Day Saint movement. He served in the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles and as a member of the First Presidency of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).

Smith was a prominent leader in the settlement of many communities in southern Utah, and played a role in the chain of events preceding the Mountain Meadows Massacre on September 11, 1857. The city of St. George, Utah, may have been named after him.

First Presidency (LDS Church)
The First Presidency, also called the Quorum of the Presidency of the Church or simply the Presidency, is the presiding governing body of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). It is composed of the president of the Church and his counselors. The First Presidency consists of Dallin H. Oaks and his two counselors, Henry B. Eyring and D. Todd Christofferson.
Bulbophyllum gravidum
Bulbophyllum gravidum is a species of epiphytic plant in the family Orchidaceae that is found in Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon (Bioko and Mount Cameroon, respectively). Its natural habitats are in montane, subtropical or tropical dry forests, at elevations of about 1,500 meters. The Mount Cameroon habitat, in particular, is threatened by the clearing of forest for the purpose of cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta) farming.

Mount Cameroon
Mount Cameroon is an active stratovolcano in the Southwest Region of Cameroon next to the city of Buea near the Gulf of Guinea. Mount Cameroon is also known as Cameroon Mountain or Fako (the name of the higher of its two peaks) or by its indigenous name Mongo ma Ndemi ("Mountain of Greatness"). Mount Cameroon is ranked 22nd by topographic isolation.

It is the highest point in sub-Saharan western and central Africa, the fourth-most prominent peak in Africa, and 31st-most prominent in the world.
The mountain is part of the area of volcanic activity known as the Cameroon Volcanic Line, which also includes Lake Nyos, the site of a disaster in 1986. The eruption of 28 April-June 1909 caused the German colonial government of Kamerun to temporarily move from Buea to Douala. The most recent eruption occurred on February 3, 2012.
George Scialabba
George Scialabba (born 1948) is an American book critic and retired building manager at Harvard University. His reviews have appeared in Agni, The Boston Globe, Dissent, the Virginia Quarterly Review, The Nation, The American Prospect, Commonweal, and many other publications. In 1991, Scialabba received the first annual Nona Balakian Citation for Excellence in Reviewing from the National Book Critics Circle.

Virginia Quarterly Review
The Virginia Quarterly Review is a quarterly literary magazine that was established in 1925 by James Southall Wilson, at the request of University of Virginia president E. A. Alderman. This "National Journal of Literature and Discussion" includes poetry, fiction, book reviews, essays, photography, and comics.
Uncontested election
An uncontested election is an election in which the winning candidate did not face a serious challenger. This often entails the number of candidates being the same as or fewer than the number of places available for election, meaning that all candidates are guaranteed to be elected unless there are provisions provided for this. For example, in some election systems, absence of opposing candidates may not guarantee victory; possible factors are a quorum or minimum voter turnout; a none of the above option; or the availability of write-in candidates on the ballot. In some uncontested elections, the normal process of voters casting ballots and election official counting votes is cancelled as superfluous and costly; in other cases the election proceeds as a formality.

In liberal democracies, uncontested elections are a cause for concern because many understandings of democracy, such as that of Robert Dahl, rely on the idea of voters choosing among alternatives.

Quorum
A quorum is the minimum number of members of a group necessary to constitute the group at a meeting. In a deliberative assembly (a body that uses parliamentary procedure, such as a legislature), a quorum is necessary to conduct the business of that group.  In contrast, a plenum is a meeting of the full (or rarely nearly full) body. A body, or a meeting or vote of it, is quorate if a quorum is present (or casts valid votes).

The term quorum is from a Middle English wording of the commission formerly issued to justices of the peace, derived from Latin quorum, "of whom", genitive plural of qui, "who". As a result, quora as plural of quorum is not a grammatically well-formed Latin-language construction. In modern times, a quorum might be defined as the minimum number of voters needed for a valid election. Quorums are often part of parliamentary procedure.
History of Libya
Libya's history involves its rich mix of ethnic groups, including the indigenous Berbers/Amazigh people. Amazigh have been present throughout the entire history of the country. For most of its history, Libya has been subjected to varying degrees of foreign control, from Europe, Asia, and Africa.

The history of Libya comprises six distinct periods: Ancient Libya, the Roman era, the Islamic era, Ottoman rule, Italian rule, and the Modern era.

Fezzan
Fezzan (UK: /fɛˈzɑːn/ fez-AHN, US: /fɛˈzæn, fəˈzæn/ fez-AN, fə-ZAN; Berber languages: ⴼⵣⵣⴰⵏ, romanized: Fezzan; Arabic: ‏فَزَّان‎, romanized: Fazzān [fazˈzaːn]; Latin: Phazania) is the southwestern region of modern Libya. It is largely desert, but broken by mountains, uplands, and dry river valleys (wadis) in the north, where oases enable ancient towns and villages to survive deep in the otherwise inhospitable Sahara Desert. The term originally applied to the land beyond the coastal strip of Africa proconsularis, including the Nafusa and extending west of modern Libya over Ouargla and Illizi. As these Berber areas came to be associated with the regions of Tripoli, Cirta or Algiers, the name was increasingly applied to the arid areas south of Tripolitania.

After the 1934 formation of Libya, the Fezzan province was designated as one of the three primary provinces of the country, alongside Tripolitania province to the north and Cyrenaica province to the northeast.
Sir Charles Hanson, 2nd Baronet
Sir Charles Edwin Bourne Hanson, 2nd Baronet (1874–1958) was a British Army officer and stockbroker who was High Sheriff of Cornwall in 1939.

His father was Sir Charles Augustin Hanson, who was Lord Mayor of London in 1917–18.

Hanson was an officer in the 3rd The Duke of Wellington's (West Riding Regiment), a (Militia) Battalion stationed in Halifax, Yorkshire. The battalion was embodied for service in January 1900 during the Second Boer War, and Hanson left to join the fight in South Africa on the SS Bavarian two months later. He was promoted to major on 16 August 1900.

Militia (United Kingdom)
The British Militia was the principal military reserve force of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Militia units were repeatedly raised in Great Britain during the Victorian and Edwardian eras for internal security duties and to defend against external invasions. The British Militia was transformed into the Special Reserve under the Territorial and Reserve Forces Act 1907 (7 Edw. 7. c. 9), which integrated all militia formations into the British Army.
Unforgettable... with Love
Unforgettable … with Love, also known as simply Unforgettable, is the twelfth studio album by American singer Natalie Cole. Released on June 11, 1991, the album includes covers of standards previously performed by her father, Nat King Cole. It was also her debut for Elektra Records, after being given her release from EMI Records.

Traditional pop
Traditional pop (also known as pre-rock and roll pop) is Western popular music that generally pre-dates the advent of rock and roll and pop music in the mid-1950s. The most popular and enduring songs from this era of music are known as pop standards or American standards. The works of these songwriters and composers are usually considered part of the canon known as the "Great American Songbook". More generally, the term "standard" can be applied to any popular song that has become very widely known within mainstream culture and recorded by many artists.

AllMusic defines traditional pop as "post-big band and pre-rock & roll pop music".
2021 Masters Tournament
The 2021 Masters Tournament was the 85th edition of the Masters Tournament and the first of the men's four major golf championships held in 2021. It was held from April 8–11, 2021, at the Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta, Georgia.

After the 2020 tournament had been postponed to November because of the COVID-19 pandemic and held behind closed doors, the 2021 edition returned to its traditional April dates and admitted spectators, although in reduced numbers and with social distancing measures in place. For the second year in succession, the traditional Par-3 contest was canceled due to these restrictions.

Hideki Matsuyama became the first Japanese male golfer to win a major championship, and the first Asian-born golfer to win the Masters, finishing with a 72-hole score of 278 (−10), one shot ahead of Will Zalatoris.

Behind closed doors (sport)
The term "behind closed doors" is used in several sports to describe matches played where spectators are not allowed in the stadium or venue to watch. A match played in this manner is also referred to as a crowdless game. Because ticket sales generally constitute a substantial proportion of total revenues in most professional sports as well as in certain elite competitions of many amateur sports, it is rare for such games to be off limits to paying members of the general public. When such instances do occur, it is usually for reasons outside the participating teams' control. These may include as a punishment or remedy for a participating team, stadium safety problems, preventing potentially dangerous clashes between rival supporters, wider safety concerns like a riot or other civil disturbances, or public health concerns like the COVID-19 pandemic.
John C. Spence House
The John C. Spence House is a historic 19th-century house in Murfreesboro, Tennessee, United States. It is located at 503 North Maple Street. Despite its name, the house was probably constructed for John A. Moore around 1892. Later, it was converted into an apartment building. It was the chapter house for the Middle Tennessee State University Pi Kappa Alpha from 1974 to 1981. Today, it is used for professional offices. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on August 23, 2004.

Murfreesboro, Tennessee
Murfreesboro is a city in Rutherford County, Tennessee, United States, and its county seat. The population was 152,769 at the 2020 census (estimated at 173,625 in 2025). Located 34 miles (55 km) southeast of downtown Nashville, it is part of the Nashville metropolitan area in Middle Tennessee.

Settled in 1811, Murfreesboro was the state capital of Tennessee from 1818 to 1826. Today, it is the largest suburb of Nashville and the sixth-most populous city in the state. The city is both the center of population and the geographic center of Tennessee. Since the 1990s, Murfreesboro has been Tennessee's fastest-growing major city and one of the fastest-growing cities in the country. Murfreesboro is home to Middle Tennessee State University, one of the largest undergraduate universities in the state.
Sky Screamer (Six Flags AstroWorld)
Sky Screamer was a first-generation Intamin Freefall ride at Six Flags AstroWorld in Houston, Texas.  Opening in 1983, the ride was closed and dismantled in the late 1990s.

Sky Screamer consisted of a 131 feet (40 m) tower with a horizontal braking runout. It featured eight gondolas, each holding four riders.

Intamin
Intamin Amusement Rides is a design and manufacturing company in Schaan, Liechtenstein, best-known for designing and constructing thrill rides and roller coasters at dozens of international theme parks, amusement parks and other establishments. The Intamin brand name is a syllabic abbreviation for "international amusement installations". The company has corporate offices across the world, including three in Europe, three in Asia, and two in the United States.
Sergei Verenkin
Sergei Verenkin (born 8 September 1979) is a Russian former ice hockey left winger. He was selected 223rd overall by the Ottawa Senators in the 1998 NHL Entry Draft.

Verenkin played in the Russian Superleague for Torpedo Yaroslavl, Metallurg Novokuznetsk and Molot-Prikamye Perm.

Lokomotiv Yaroslavl
Hockey Club Lokomotiv (Russian: ХК Локомотив, English: Locomotive HC), also known as Lokomotiv Yaroslavl, is a professional ice hockey club based in Yaroslavl, Russia. It is a member of the Tarasov Division in the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). The name of the team is derived from its owner, Russian Railways, the national railroad operator.

On 7 September 2011, nearly the entire team perished in a plane crash. The team's flight to a game in Minsk crashed during takeoff, killing all of the team's roster (except forward Maxim Zyuzyakin, who was not on the flight), all coaching staff (except goaltending coach Jorma Valtonen, not on the flight) and four players from the Loko 9 juniors squad of the Minor Hockey League (MHL). The tragedy forced Lokomotiv Yaroslavl to cancel their participation in the 2011–12 KHL season. In their 16th season in the KHL in 2024–25, Lokomotiv captured the Gagarin Cup, their first in franchise history.
Robert Weir (discus thrower)
Robert Boyd Weir (born 4 February 1961) is a male retired English athlete, best known as a discus thrower, who was a twelve-time national champion. Weir also achieved success in hammer throw, winning Commonwealth Games gold in 1982, and competed in three Olympic Games and strongman competitions.

Strongman
Strongman is a competitive strength sport that tests athletes' physical strength and endurance through a variety of heavy lifts and events. Strongman competitions are known for their intensity, pushing athletes to their physical and mental limits. In modern strongman, athletes compete to score points based on their relative position in an event. An athlete who engages in the sport of strongman is also called a 'strongman'. They are often regarded as some of the strongest men of the world.
John Wilson (British Columbia politician)
John Wilson (born 1944) is a Canadian cattle rancher, veterinarian and former politician, who served as a BC Liberal Member of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia from 1996 until his retirement at the 2005 election, representing the riding of Cariboo North. In 2010 he made an appearance in the season one finale of Dan for Mayor, as a representative of the Office of the Prime Minister.

Wilson studied at the Ontario Veterinary College at the University of Guelph and, after graduating in 1967, moved to Quesnel, British Columbia where he established the Quesnel Veterinary Clinic. He was president of the Quesnel Cattlemen's Association.

Dan for Mayor
Dan for Mayor is a Canadian television sitcom starring Fred Ewanuick that debuted on March 1, 2010 on CTV and The Comedy Network. It premiered the same night as Hiccups, a show created by Corner Gas star Brent Butt that also features fellow Corner Gas alumna Nancy Robertson. On June 7, 2010, both Dan for Mayor and Hiccups were renewed for a second season. The second season premiered on June 5, 2011. Neither show was renewed for a third season.
The End of Everything (EP)
The End of Everything is the second extended play (EP) by American singer Noah Cyrus. It was released on May 15, 2020, and was preceded by the singles "July", "Lonely", "I Got So High That I Saw Jesus" and "Young & Sad". The EP features a duet with Ant Clemons titled "Wonder Years". The End of Everything is a pop EP influenced by R&B, country, and gospel.

Ant Clemons
Anthony Clemons Jr. (born September 26, 1991) is an American singer, rapper and songwriter from Willingboro Township, New Jersey. He rose to prominence as a guest performer on Kanye West's 2018 single "All Mine", after which he contributed to West's Wyoming Sessions and subsequent album, Jesus Is King (2019). Clemons' debut studio album, Happy 2 Be Here (2020) was nominated for Best R&B Album at the 63rd Annual Grammy Awards; with a total of four, his three other nominations yielded from his songwriting work on albums for Mary J. Blige and H.E.R. Clemons is also known for his contributions to the original version of West's 2021 single, "Hurricane", as well as other songs intended for the latter's tenth album Donda (2021), most of which remain unreleased.
Darbhanga–Ahmedabad Antyodaya Express
The 15559 / 15560 Darbhanga–Ahmedabad Antyodaya Express is a fully unreserved Express train of the Indian Railways for connecting Darbhanga Junction in Bihar and Ahmedabad Junction in Gujarat. It is currently being operated with 15559/15560 train numbers on once in week.

This train was started as Jan Sadharan Express on 04 Feb 2015 with the rake zone of Western Railway, It has become popular for direct connectivity to East and West part of India with lower rates. Till 4 years it gave service. Later, after approval for a more comfortable journey from Ministry of Railways of India, it was converted into Antyodaya Express and also the Rake zone was also transferred to East Central Railway zone.

Prayagraj Junction railway station
Prayagraj Junction (station code: PRYJ), formerly and colloquially known as Allahabad Junction, is a major junction and railway station on the Howrah-Gaya-Delhi line,Howrah–Delhi main line, Prayagraj–Mau–Gorakhpur main line and Howrah–Prayagraj–Mumbai line. It is the headquarters of the North Central Railway zone. It is located in Prayagraj in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It serves Prayagraj and the surrounding areas.
9th Electoral Unit of Republika Srpska (NSRS)
The ninth electoral unit of Republika Srpska is a parliamentary constituency used to elect members to the National Assembly of Republika Srpska since 2014.  It consists of the Municipalities of Nevesinje, 
Kalinovik,
Gacko,
Foča,
Novo Goražde,
Čajniče,
Rudo,
Berkovići,
Ljubinje,
Bileća,
Trebinje,
Višegrad and
Istočni Mostar.

Čajniče
Čajniče (Serbian Cyrillic: Чајниче, pronounced [tʃâːjniːtʃɛ]) is a town and a municipality in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. As of 2013, the town has a population of 2,401 inhabitants, while the municipality has 4,895 inhabitants.
Thestor rossouwi
Thestor rossouwi, the Rossouw's skolly, is a species of butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is endemic to South Africa., where it is known from coastal fynbos from between Riversdale and Stilbaai, west to Hermanus, Cape Agulhas and Bredasdorp in the Western Cape.

The wingspan is 27–32 mm for males and 30–36 mm for females. Adults are on wing from September to April. There might be more than one generation per year.

Bredasdorp
Bredasdorp is a town in the Southern Overberg region of the Western Cape, South Africa, and the main economic and service hub of that region. It lies on the northern edge of the Agulhas Plain, about 160 kilometres (100 mi) south-east of Cape Town and 35 kilometres (22 mi) north of Cape Agulhas, the southernmost tip of Africa.

Tourist attractions of Bredasdorp include the Heuningberg Nature Reserve, many historical churches, and art galleries and craft shops.
Bredasdorp is also home to the Shipwreck Museum which tells the stories of the 150 wrecks along the nearby Agulhas Reef. It is the only museum of its kind in the southern hemisphere.
Born in Flames
Born in Flames is a 1983 American utopian/dystopian docufiction drama film directed, produced and co-written by radical intersectional feminist Lizzie Borden. The film explores racism, classism, sexism and heterosexism in an alternate socialist democratic United States. The title comes from the Red Krayola song "Born in Flames" released in 1980, which was inspired by a 1929 Soviet silent film of the same name. The song appears in the film and was written by frontman Mayo Thompson with the conceptual art group Art & Language.

In the decennial critics' poll published by the British Film Institute's magazine Sight and Sound in 2022, Born in Flames was ranked joint 243rd, tied for that ranking with 21 other films.

Class discrimination
Class discrimination, also known as classism, is prejudice or discrimination on the basis of social class. It includes individual attitudes, behaviors, systems of policies and practices that are set up to benefit the upper class at the expense of the lower class.
Social class refers to the grouping of individuals in a hierarchy based on wealth, income, education, occupation, and social network.

Studies show an intersection between class discrimination and racism and sexism. In countries such as India, Singapore, Bangladesh, and Pakistan, classism intersects with casteism and continues to be reinforced even within their diasporic communities, despite being illegal in the host countries where they reside. Legislation shows efforts to reduce such intersections and classism at an individual level.
I'm Still Standing
"I'm Still Standing" is a song written by British musician Elton John and lyricist Bernie Taupin, from John's 1983 studio album Too Low for Zero. It was the lead single from the album in North America, but released as the second single in the UK.

Helped by a video promoting the song on MTV, "I'm Still Standing" became a big hit for John on both sides of the Atlantic, peaking at No. 1 in Canada and Switzerland, No. 4 in the UK and No. 12 on the US Billboard Hot 100.

Too Low for Zero
Too Low for Zero (stylised as 2 ▼ 4 0) is the seventeenth studio album by British musician Elton John, released in 1983. The album marked a comeback for John, whose previous four albums had failed to yield many enduring international hit singles, and had disappointing sales compared to his string of hit records released during the first half of the 1970s.

It is his second-best-selling album of the 1980s (after Sleeping with the Past), earning Platinum certification by both the RIAA and the BPI. It produced several hit songs, each accompanied by successful MTV music videos, and it spent over a year on the Billboard album chart.
Barrhead Burgh Hall
Barrhead Burgh Hall, also known as Barrhead Burgh Court Hall and Burgh Chambers and as the James McGuire Building, is a municipal complex in Main Street, Barrhead, East Renfrewshire, Scotland. The complex was the headquarters of Barrhead Burgh Council. It consists of two distinct buildings separated by an iron gate: Barrhead Burgh Court Hall, which is a Category C listed building, and, Barrhead Burgh Chambers, which is also a Category C listed building, although, as a group, they are listed at Category B.

East Renfrewshire
East Renfrewshire (Scots: Aest Renfrewshire; Scottish Gaelic: Siorrachd Rinn Friù an Ear) is one of 32 council areas of Scotland. It was formed in 1996, as a successor to the Eastwood district of the Strathclyde region.

Clockwise, East Renfrewshire borders Glasgow to the northeast, South Lanarkshire to the southeast, East Ayrshire to the southwest, North Ayrshire to the west and Renfrewshire to the northwest. Many of the council area's northern settlements fall into the Greater Glasgow urban area.

Until 1975, the council area formed part of the county of Renfrewshire for local government purposes along with the modern council areas of Renfrewshire and Inverclyde. These three council areas together still form a single lieutenancy area called Renfrewshire.