hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Darısekisi
Darısekisi is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Toroslar, Mersin Province, Turkey. Its population is 295 (2022). The village is situated in the Taurus Mountains. The distance to Mersin is 35 kilometres (22 mi).

Mersin Province
Mersin Province (Turkish: Mersin ili), formerly İçel Province (İçel ili), is a province and metropolitan municipality in southern Turkey, on the Mediterranean coast between Antalya and Adana. Its area is 16,010 km2, and its population is 1,916,432 (2022). The provincial capital and the biggest city in the province is Mersin, which is composed of four municipalities and district governorates: Akdeniz, Mezitli, Toroslar and Yenişehir. Next largest is Tarsus, the birthplace of Paul the Apostle. The province is considered to be a part of the geographical, economical and cultural region of Çukurova, which covers the provinces of Mersin, Adana, Osmaniye and Hatay.
Trench Green
Trench Green is a hamlet in Oxfordshire about 1 mile (1.6 km) northeast of the village of Mapledurham and about 4 miles (6.4 km) northwest of Reading in neighbouring Berkshire. It is situated on the rural road from Caversham to Goring Heath and Goring-on-Thames, at its junction with the access lane to Mapledurham village. For local government purposes Trench Green is in Mapledurham civil parish, which forms part of the district of South Oxfordshire within the county of Oxfordshire. It is within the Henley constituency of the United Kingdom Parliament. Prior to Brexit in 2020, the village was represented by the South East England constituency in the European Parliament. Although barely more than a few houses around the road junction, Trench Green does contain a former school, which is now a house, and the parish's parish hall.

Henley (UK Parliament constituency)
Henley was a constituency in Oxfordshire represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament from the 2008 to 2024 by John Howell, a Member of Parliament from the Conservative Party.

Under the 2023 review of Westminster constituencies, the constituency was subject to minor boundary changes. It was renamed Henley and Thame, and was first contested at the 2024 general election.
Dinas Rock
Dinas Rock (Welsh: Craig y Ddinas, "Fortress Rock") is a high promontory of Carboniferous Limestone which rises between the Afon Mellte and its left-bank tributary, the Afon Sychryd on the border between the county of Powys and the county borough of Neath Port Talbot in south Wales. It can be found near the village of Pontneddfechan near Glyn Neath at the head of the Vale of Neath. It derives its name from the presence of Iron Age earthworks on its summit, dinas in Welsh signifying a defensive site or "city".

Promontory
A promontory is a raised mass of land that projects into a lowland or a body of water (in which case it is a peninsula). Most promontories either are formed from a hard ridge of rock that has resisted the erosive forces that have removed the softer rock to the sides of it, or are the high ground that remains between two river valleys where they form a confluence. One type of promontory is a headland, or head.
Rape of Betty Jean Owens
Betty Jean Owens (born 1940) is an African American woman who was gang raped by three white men and a 16-year-old white boy in Tallahassee, Florida in 1959. Her trial was significant in Florida, and the South as a whole, since the white men responsible were all found guilty and each received life sentences for their crimes. The Owens' case drew attention to sexual violence in the South by white men against black women and girls, crimes that often went with minimal or no punishment. For example, in the case of Recy Taylor, who was gang-raped by six white men in Alabama in 1944, the men were never found guilty of any charges and released from jail with minimal fines.

Gang rape
In scholarly literature and criminology, gang rape, also called serial gang rape, party rape, group rape, or multiple perpetrator rape, is the rape of a single victim by two or more violators. Gang rapes are forged on shared identity, religion, ethnic group, or race. There are multiple motives for serial gang rapes, such as for sexual entitlement, asserting sexual prowess,  or punishment.

Gang rapes often occur during warfare, ethnic cleansing, and genocide.
Electrical engineering technology
Electrical/Electronics engineering technology (EET) is an engineering technology field that implements and applies the principles of electrical engineering. Like electrical engineering, EET deals with the "design, application, installation, manufacturing, operation or maintenance of electrical/electronic(s) systems." However, EET is a specialized discipline that has more focus on application, theory, and applied design, and implementation, while electrical engineering may focus more of a generalized emphasis on theory and conceptual design. Electrical/Electronic engineering technology is the largest branch of engineering technology and includes a diverse range of sub-disciplines, such as applied design, electronics, embedded systems, control systems, instrumentation, telecommunications, and power systems.

Instrumentation
Instrumentation is a collective term for measuring instruments, used for indicating, measuring, and recording physical quantities. It is also a field of study about the art and science about making measurement instruments, involving the related areas of metrology, automation, and control theory. The term has its origins in the art and science of scientific instrument-making.

Instrumentation can refer to devices as simple as direct-reading thermometers, or as complex as multi-sensor components of industrial control systems. Instruments can be found in laboratories, refineries, factories and vehicles, as well as in everyday household use (e.g., smoke detectors and thermostats).
2000 Czech regional elections
Regional elections were held in the Czech Republic to elect the Regional Councils of 13 regions (all except Prague) on 12 November 2000. Voter turnout was only 33.6%. The elections were won by the Civic Democratic Party, with Four-Coalition coming second and the ruling Czech Social Democratic Party in fourth.

Four-Coalition
The Four-Coalition (Czech: Čtyřkoalice), also translated as the Coalition of Four or Quad-Coalition, abbreviated to 4K, was a liberal centre-right political alliance in the Czech Republic between 1998 and 2002.

The four member parties were:

Christian and Democratic Union – Czechoslovak People's Party (KDU–ČSL), an established, large Christian democratic party

Freedom Union (US), a new, large conservative liberal party that split from the Civic Democrats

Democratic Union (DEU), an established, small liberal party

Civic Democratic Alliance (ODA), an established, small liberal conservative party
Mollidgewock Brook
Mollidgewock Brook is a 12.6-mile-long (20.3 km) stream in northern New Hampshire and western Maine in the United States. It is a tributary of the Androscoggin River, which flows south and east into Maine, joining the Kennebec River near the Atlantic Ocean.

Mollidgewock Brook flows out of Mollidgewock Pond in the town of Upton, Maine, and heads west, quickly entering New Hampshire. The brook flows west and north through swampy areas and past low hills in the township of Cambridge before joining the Androscoggin River in the town of Errol.

In 2009, The Trust for Public Land added 3,100 acres (1,300 ha) of the Mollidgewock Brook lands to the Umbagog National Wildlife Refuge. The remaining 1,800 acres (730 ha) were added to 13 Mile Woods, Errol's community forest. Mollidgewock State Park is located along the Androscoggin River opposite the mouth of Mollidgewock Brook.

Trust for Public Land
The Trust for Public Land is a U.S. nonprofit organization with a mission to "create parks and protect land for people, ensuring healthy, livable communities for generations to come". Since its founding in 1972, the Trust for Public Land has completed 5,000 park-creation and land conservation projects across the United States, protected over 4 million acres, and helped pass nearly 700 ballot measures—creating $110 billion in voter-approved public funding for parks and open spaces. The Trust for Public Land also researches and publishes authoritative data about parks, open space, conservation finance, and urban climate change adaptation. Headquartered in San Francisco, the organization is among the largest U.S. conservation nonprofits, with approximately 30 field offices across the U.S., including a federal affairs function in Washington, D.C.
David Liederman
David Liederman (March 15, 1949 – July 4, 2024) was an American chef and businessman. He is best known for creating David's Cookies company (owned by Fairfield Gourmet Foods Corporation as of 2015), which produces a line of desserts, baked goods and cookie dough. He ceased to be associated with David's Cookies in 1996.

Cookie dough
Cookie dough is an uncooked blend of cookie ingredients. While cookie dough is typically meant to be baked into individual cookies before consumption, edible cookie dough is specifically designed to be eaten raw; it is usually made without eggs and contains heat-treated flour to ensure safety for human consumption.

Cookie dough can be made at home or bought pre-made in packs (frozen logs, buckets, etc.). Dessert products containing cookie dough include ice cream and candy. In addition, pre-made cookie dough is sold in different flavors.

When made at home, common ingredients include flour, butter, white sugar, salt, vanilla extract, and eggs. If the dough is made with the intention of baking, then leavening agents such as baking soda or baking powder are added. However, these are often excluded in cookie doughs that are designed to be eaten raw. Chocolate chip cookie dough is a popular variation that can be made by adding chocolate chips to the mix.
George Thomson (footballer, born 1936)
George Matthewson Thomson (19 October 1936 – July 2007) was a Scottish professional footballer who played for Heart of Midlothian, Everton and Brentford as a utility player. He was capped by Scotland at schoolboy and U23 levels and made two appearances for the Scottish League XI.

1957–58 Scottish Division One
The 1957–58 Scottish Division One was a football tournament won by Heart of Midlothian, who scored a record number of goals in a single season and became the only club to have a goal difference exceeding 100. East Fife and Queen's Park finished 17th and 18th respectively and were relegated to the 1958–59 Scottish Division Two.
Slaugham
Slaugham (/ˈslæfəm/ ⓘ or /ˈslɑːfəm/ ⓘ) is a village and civil parish in the Mid Sussex District of West Sussex, England. It is located 7 miles (11 km) to the south of Crawley, on the A23 road to Brighton. The civil parish covers an area of 2,432 hectares (6,010 acres). At the 2001 census it had a population of 2,226 persons of whom 1,174 were economically active. At the 2011 Census the parish included the villages of Handcross and Warninglid and had a population of 2,769. In addition the parish contains the settlement of Pease Pottage.

St Mary's Church is a Grade II* listed building dating mostly from the 12th and 13th centuries and is situated opposite Slaugham's village green. It serves all four villages. Church Covert wood off Staplefied Road is managed by the Woodland Trust.

Village green
A village green is a common open area within a village or other settlement. Historically, a village green was common grassland with a pond for watering cattle and other animals, often at the edge of a rural settlement, used for gathering cattle to bring them later on to a common land for grazing. Later, planned greens were built into the centres of villages.

The village green also provided, and may still provide, an open-air meeting place for the local people, which may be used for public celebrations, such as May Day festivities. The term is used more broadly to encompass woodland, moorland, sports grounds, buildings, roads and urban parks.
Chernenko (surname)
Chernenko, less commonly transliterated Tchernenko (Ukrainian: Черненко), is a surname of Ukrainian origin. Notable people with the surname include:

Konstantin Chernenko (1911–1985), leader of Soviet Union from 1984 to 1985

Albert Chernenko (1935–2009), Russian philosopher and son of Konstantin

Anastasiya Chernenko (born 1990), Ukrainian triathlete

Anna Chernenko (1913–2010), wife of Konstantin

Artemi Tchernenko (born 1978), Russian tennis player

Elena Chernenko (politician) (born 1957), Transnistrian politician

Elena Chernenko (journalist), Russian journalist and antiwar activist

Ruslan Chernenko (born 1992), Ukrainian footballer

Vladimir Chernenko (born 1981), Uzbekistani rower

Yevhen Chernenko (1934–2007), Ukrainian archaeologist

Rowing at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's single sculls
The men's single sculls competition at the 2004 Summer Olympics took place at Schinias Olympic Rowing and Canoeing Centre, Greece. The event was held from 14 to 21 August and was one of six events for male competitors in Rowing at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens. There were 29 competitors from 29 nations, with each nation limited to a single boat in the event. The event was won by Olaf Tufte of Norway. Silver went to Jüri Jaanson of Estonia, with bronze to Ivo Yanakiev of Bulgaria. It was the first medal in the men's single sculls for all three nations. Marcel Hacker's failure to make the final made this the first men's single sculls race since 1956 without a German rower on the podium; between the United Team of Germany, East Germany, West Germany, and Germany, the German medal streak in the event had been 11 Games long.
Norm form
In mathematics, a norm form is a homogeneous form in n variables constructed from the field norm of a field extension L/K of degree n. That is, writing N for the norm mapping to K, and selecting a basis e1, ..., en for L as a vector space over K, the form is given by

N(x1e1 + ... + xnen)

in variables x1, ..., xn.

In number theory norm forms are studied as Diophantine equations, where they generalize, for example, the Pell equation. For this application the field K is usually the rational number field, the field L is an algebraic number field, and the basis is taken of some order in the ring of integers OL of L.

Field extension
In mathematics, particularly in algebra, a field extension is a pair of fields , such that the operations of K are those of L restricted to K. In this case, L is an extension field of K and K is a subfield of L. For example, under the usual notions of addition and multiplication, the complex numbers are an extension field of the real numbers; the real numbers are a subfield of the complex numbers.

Field extensions are fundamental in algebraic number theory, and in the study of polynomial roots through Galois theory, and are widely used in algebraic geometry.
Gnifetti Hut
The Gnifetti Hut (Italian: Capanna Giovanni Gnifetti) is a refuge in the Alps in Aosta Valley, Italy. It is located at an altitude of 3,647 metres (11,965 ft), and provides access to mountaineers climbing any of the fifteen nearby 4,000 metre high summits of the Monte Rosa massif, and gives access to high-level glacier routes as well as to the Margherita Hut, located on the Signalkuppe.

The refuge is named after Italian mountaineer and parish priest from Alagna Valsesia, Giovanni Gnifetti.

Alagna Valsesia
Alagna Valsesia (Walser German: Im Land, Piedmontese: Alagna, Valsesiano: Lagna) is a comune and small village high in the Valsesia alpine valley in the province of Vercelli, Piedmont, northern Italy, a UNESCO World heritage site since 2013. It is a tourist place for mountaineering and winter sports, and it is internationally renowned for the freeride off-piste skiing. It is also the traditional starting point for the Margherita Hut climb, at 4,554 metres (14,941 ft) above sea level, the highest building in Europe. It was originally settled by Walser at the beginning of the 12th century. It is located at an elevation of 1,191 metres (3,907 ft) just south of the Monte Rosa, elevation 4,638 metres (15,217 ft) (the second tallest peak in the Alps); It is very close to Milan (130 kilometres (81 mi)) and to the international Milan–Malpensa Airport (106 kilometres (66 mi)).

Since December 2005 a  cable car connects Alagna with Gressoney (AO) through the Passo dei Salati.
Debi Prasanna Pattanayak
Debi Prasanna Pattanayak (born 14 March 1931) is an Indian professor, linguist, social scientist and author. He was the founder-director of the Central Institute of Indian Languages, Mysore and former chairman of Institute of Odia Studies and Research, Bhubaneswar. Pattanayak was awarded Padma Shri in 1987. for his contribution to formalize, and adding Bodo language in the 8th schedule of the Constitution of India. He also take a major role led Odia language to acquire the status of a "classical language".

Central Institute of Indian Languages
The Central Institute of Indian Languages (CIIL) is an Indian research and teaching institute based in Mysuru, part of the  Language Bureau of the Ministry of Education. It was founded on 17 July 1969.
Listed buildings in Pontefract
Pontefract is a town in the metropolitan borough of the City of Wakefield, West Yorkshire, England.  In the town and surrounding area are 66 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  Of these, one is listed at Grade I, the highest of the three grades, eight are at Grade II*, the middle grade, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.  Most of the listed buildings are houses and cottages, shops and offices.  The other listed buildings include churches, public buildings, public houses and hotels, the remains of a former underground hermitage, the socket stone of a former wayside cross, market buildings, a former windmill, the former gateway to a military depot, a former workhouse, and two mileposts.

Wayside cross
A wayside cross is a cross by a footpath, track or road, at an intersection, along the edge of a field or in a forest. It can be made of wood, stone or metal. Stone crosses may also be conciliation crosses. Often they serve as waymarks for walkers and pilgrims or designate dangerous places.
Railroad brotherhoods
The railroad brotherhoods are labor unions of railroad workers in the United States. They first appeared in 1863 and they are still active.  Until recent years they were largely independent of each other and of the American Federation of Labor.

Eric Arnesen
Eric Arnesen (born 30 April 1958) is an American historian. 
He is currently the James R. Hoffa Professor of Modern American Labor History at George Washington University. He was a Fulbright Scholar,
and is a member of the Organization of American Historians.
Districts of Hong Kong
Hong Kong is administratively divided into 18 districts. Each district has a district council.

District councils were formerly called district boards, for which the boards were established in 1982, when Hong Kong was under British rule. However, the districts have limited relevance to the population, as few public services operate according to district boundaries. The police, fire services, health services, education and hospital authorities, and postal service each define their own idiosyncratic geographic divisions.

Census and Statistics Department
The Census and Statistics Department (C&SD; Chinese: 政府統計處) is the provider of major social and economic official statistics in Hong Kong. It is also responsible for conducting Population Census and By-census in Hong Kong since 1971. Its head office is in the Wanchai Tower in Wan Chai.
Dirichlet boundary condition
In mathematics, the Dirichlet boundary condition is imposed on an ordinary or partial differential equation, such that the values that the solution takes along the boundary of the domain are fixed. The question of finding solutions to such equations is known as the Dirichlet problem. In the sciences and engineering, a Dirichlet boundary condition may also be referred to as a fixed boundary condition or boundary condition of the first type. It is named after Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet (1805–1859).

In finite-element analysis, the essential or Dirichlet boundary condition is defined by weighted-integral form of a differential equation. The dependent unknown u in the same form as the weight function w appearing in the boundary expression is termed a primary variable, and its specification constitutes the essential or Dirichlet boundary condition.

Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet
Johann Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet (/ˌdɪərɪˈkleɪ/; German: [ləˈʒœn diʁiˈkleː]; 13 February 1805 – 5 May 1859) was a German mathematician. In number theory, he proved special cases of Fermat's Last Theorem and created analytic number theory. In analysis, he advanced the theory of Fourier series and was one of the first to give the modern formal definition of a function. In mathematical physics, he studied potential theory, boundary-value problems, heat diffusion, and hydrodynamics.

Although his surname is Lejeune Dirichlet, he is commonly referred to by his mononym Dirichlet, in particular for results named after him.
Benoît Costaz
Benoît, baron Costaz (27 February 1761, Champagne-en-Valromey - 13 March 1842, Paris) was a French bishop.

Entering holy orders before 1789, he refused to swear to the Civil Constitution of the Clergy and took refuge in Savoy, Switzerland then Turin. He was removed from the list of émigrés in 1800 and on his return to Paris and the Concordat of 1802 was made curé of the Église de la Madeleine, then bishop of Nancy on 22 October 1810, by imperial decree, holding the bishopric until the Bourbon Restoration in 1814.

Baron de l'Empire and chevalier de la Légion d'honneur, Monseigneur Costaz is buried at the Père Lachaise cemetery.

His brother was baron Louis Costaz.

Diocese of Nancy
The Diocese of Nancy and Toul (Latin: Dioecesis Nanceiensis et Tullensis; French: Diocèse de Nancy et de Toul) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in France. After a considerable political struggle between Louis XV, Louis XVI, and the Dukes of Lorraine,  the diocese was erected by Pope Pius VI on 17 December 1777. The Diocese of Nancy is a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Besançon.
Pułkownikówka
Pułkownikówka [puu̯kɔvniˈkufka] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ostaszewo, within Nowy Dwór Gdański County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

Before 1772 the area was part of Kingdom of Poland, 1772-1919 Prussia and Germany, 1920-1939 Free City of Danzig, 1939 - February 1945 Nazi Germany. For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

First Partition of Poland
The First Partition of Poland took place in 1772 as the first of three partitions that eventually ended the existence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth by 1795. The growth of power in the Russian Empire threatened the Kingdom of Prussia and the Habsburg monarchy and was the primary motive behind the First Partition.

Frederick the Great, King in Prussia, engineered the partition to prevent Austria, which was envious of Russian successes against the Ottoman Empire, from going to war. Territories in Poland–Lithuania were divided by its more powerful neighbours (Austria, Russia and Prussia) to restore the regional balance of power in Central Europe among those three countries.

With Poland unable to defend itself effectively and foreign troops already inside the country, the Polish Sejm ratified the partition in 1773 during the Partition Sejm, which was convened by the three powers.