hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
BATCO
BATCO, short for Battle Code, is a hand-held, paper-based encryption system used at a low, front line (platoon, troop and section) level in the British Army. It was introduced along with the Clansman combat net radio in the early 1980s and was largely obsolete by 2010 due to the wide deployment of the secure Bowman radios. BATCO consists of a code, contained on a set of vocabulary cards, and cipher sheets for superencryption of the numeric code words. The cipher sheets, which are typically changed daily, also include an authentication table and a radio call sign protection system.

BATCO is similar to older Slidex system. The use of BATCO is still taught to Royal Signals Communication Systems Operators as a back-up should secure equipment fail or be unavailable. It is also taught to Army Cadets and Combined Cadets as part of the Signal Classification qualification.

Army Cadet Force
The Army Cadet Force (ACF), generally shortened to Army Cadets, is a British national youth organisation sponsored by the United Kingdom's Ministry of Defence and the British Army. Along with the Sea Cadet Corps and the Air Training Corps, the ACF make up the Community Cadet Forces. It is a separate organisation from the Combined Cadet Force which provides similar training within principally private schools.

Although sponsored by the Ministry of Defence, the ACF is not part of the British Army, and as such cadets are not subject to military law or military 'call up' but is funded by the MOD. Some cadets do, however, go on to enlist in the armed forces later in life.

The Army Cadet Charitable Trust UK (ACCT UK) is a registered charity that acts in an advisory role to the Ministry of Defence and other Government bodies on matters connected with the ACF.

As of 1 April 2023, there are 38,180 cadets, and 8,020 Cadet Force Adult Volunteers (CFAVs).
Universality–diversity paradigm
The universality–diversity paradigm (UDP) is the analysis of biological materials based on the universality and diversity of its fundamental structural elements and functional mechanisms. The analysis of biological systems based on this classification has been a cornerstone of modern biology.

Biological system
A biological system is a complex network which connects several biologically relevant entities. Biological organization spans several scales and are determined based different structures depending on what the system is. Examples of biological systems at the macro scale are populations of organisms. On the organ and tissue scale in mammals and other animals, examples include the circulatory system, the respiratory system, and the nervous system. On the micro to the nanoscopic scale, examples of biological systems are cells, organelles, macromolecular complexes and regulatory pathways. A biological system is not to be confused with a living system, such as a living organism.
Alan Skirton
Alan Frederick Graham Skirton (23 January 1939 – 12 May 2019) was an English professional footballer, who played as a winger, spending the majority of his career at Arsenal. A "prolific winger", Skirton was known as the 'Highbury Express' during his seven-year tenure at the North London club.

North London
North London is the northern part of London, England, north of the River Thames and the City of London. It extends from Clerkenwell and Finsbury, on the edge of the City of London financial district, to Greater London's boundary with Hertfordshire. The term is occasionally used in reference to all of London north of the River Thames.

The term differentiates the area from South London, East London and West London. Some parts of North London are also part of Central London.
Carlquistia
Carlquistia is a rare North American genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae containing the single species Carlquistia muirii. Formerly named Raillardiopsis muirii, the plant was reexamined in the 1990s and moved to a new genus of its own, separate from similar and closely related genera, such as Madia.  Common names for the species include Muir's tarplant, Muir's raillardiopsis, and Muir's raillardella.

This plant is related to the silversword alliance of Hawaiian plants.

The genus was named for the American botanist Sherwin Carlquist (1930–2021). The specific epithet "muirii" honors Scottish-American naturalist, John Muir (1838–1914).

Madia
Madia is a genus of annual or perennial usually aromatic herbs with yellow flowers, in the tribe Madieae within the family Asteraceae.

They are sometimes known as tarweeds. The species in this genus are native to western North America and southwestern South America. The name Madia is derived from native Chilean name ("Madi") for one of the members of the genus (Madia sativa). Tarweeds derive their common name from the intense stickiness of the plant.
Thomas Sterck
Thomas Richard Sterck (June 20, 1900 – September 1970) was an American football player.

Sterck was born in 1900 and attended Peabody High School in Pittsburgh. He was a star athlete at Peabody, participating in football and track. He set the school record in the discus.

At age 18, and with World War I underway, Sterck joined the students' army and was assigned to Washington & Jefferson College. At Washington & Jefferson, he played at the center position, and was also tried as a guard, on the 1918 Washington & Jefferson Red and Black football team. At the end of the 1918 season, he was selected by Tiny Maxwell as a first-team center on his 1918 College Football All-America Team.

Sterck missed the 1919 football season with a broken leg. He returned to the football team in 1920 and also played on the Washington & Jefferson basketball team.

Sterck later worked in the advertising business.

Washington & Jefferson College
Washington & Jefferson College (W&J College or W&J) is a private liberal arts college in Washington, Pennsylvania, United States. It traces its origin to three Presbyterian missionaries of the 1780s, John McMillan, Thaddeus Dod, and Joseph Smith, whose early schools evolved into two rival institutions: Washington College in Washington, and Jefferson College in Canonsburg, Pennsylvania. The two colleges merged in 1865 to form Washington & Jefferson College.

The 60-acre (24 ha) Washington & Jefferson College campus has more than 40 buildings, with the oldest dating to 1793. The college enrolled over 1,100 students as of fall 2022. It has a longstanding tradition of literary societies, dating back before the union of the two colleges. Nearly all of the college's students live on campus, and roughly one-third are members of fraternities or sororities. The W&J athletic program competes in NCAA Division III.
Tepa Reinikainen
Tepa Reinikainen (born 16 March 1976 in Kangasniemi, Southern Savonia) is a Finnish shot putter. His personal best put is 20.88 metres, achieved in July 2001 in Lapinlahti.

Reinikainen was an All-American thrower for the UTEP Miners track and field team, placing 7th in the shot put at the 1999 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships. He began throwing the shot put at 12 years old. At a time, he was the world's number one shot putter in the under-19 age group.

South Savo
South Savo (or Southern Savonia; Finnish: Etelä-Savo; Swedish: Södra Savolax) is a region in the south-east of Finland. It borders the regions of North Savo, North Karelia, South Karelia, Kymenlaakso, Päijät-Häme, and Central Finland. The total area of South Savo is 18,768.33 km2 (7,246.5 sq mi), with a population of 153,738 (2011). South Savo is located in the heart of the Finnish lake district, and contains Lake Saimaa, the largest lake in Finland. The three major towns in the region are Mikkeli, Savonlinna and Pieksämäki.
Kharahal
Kharahal is one of the valleys in Kullu District of Himachal Pradesh, India. It is situated on the left bank of the Bias River. Kharahal is famous for two temples: Bijli Mahadev and Ma Durga.

Kharahal Valley was hit by a cloudburst on 13 September 2010, and property worth millions of dollars was destroyed.

The main source of income for residents is agriculture, specifically harvesting apples in orchards. The main villages in the valley are Puid, Gharakar, Jaipur, Kinja, and Chansari.

Beas River
The Beas River is a river in northwestern India, flowing through the states of Himachal Pradesh and Punjab, and is the smallest of the five major rivers of the Punjab region. Rising in the Himalayas in central Himachal Pradesh, the river flows for approximately 470 kilometres (290 mi) into the Sutlej River in Punjab. Its total length is  470 kilometres (290 mi) and its drainage basin is 20,303 square kilometres (7,839 sq mi) large.

As of 2017, the river is home to a tiny isolated population of the Indus dolphin.
Muszyński
Muszyński (feminine Muszyńska) is a Polish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Agnes Muszyńska (1935–2024), Polish-American mechanical engineer

Kacper Muszyński (born 1997), Polish kickboxer

Henryk Muszyński (born 1933), Polish Roman Catholic archbishop

Marek Muszyński (born 1947), Polish politician

Nick Muszynski (born 1998), American basketball player

Robert Muczynski (1929–2010), American composer

Wojciech Muszyński (born 1972), Polish historian and researcher

Henryk Muszyński
Henryk Józef Muszyński (born 20 March 1933 in Kościerzyna, Kashubia) is the Primate Emeritus of Poland and former archbishop of Gniezno, Poland, having been appointed by Pope John Paul II when the Polish hierarchy was reorganized in March 1992. He had previously been Bishop of Włocławek since 1987.
Svanevatn
Svanevatn (Norwegian)–lit. 'Swan Lake', Čoalbmejávri (Northern Sami), or Salmijärvi (Kven) is a lake on the border between Norway and Russia. The lake is located in Sør-Varanger Municipality in Finnmark county in Norway and the Pechengsky District of Murmansk Oblast in Russia.

Svanevatn has an area of 32.51 square kilometres (12.55 sq mi), a circumference of 66.21 kilometres (41.14 mi) and a height of 22 metres (72 ft).

Northern Sámi
Northern Sámi (or North Sámi; US: /ˈsɑːmi/ SAH-mee, UK: also /ˈsæmi/ SAM-ee; Northern Sami: davvisámegiella [ˈtavːiːˌsaːmeˌkie̯lːa]; Finnish: pohjoissaame [ˈpohjoi̯sˌsɑːme]; Norwegian: nordsamisk; Swedish: nordsamiska; disapproved exonym Lappish or Lapp) is the most widely spoken of all Sámi languages. The area where Northern Sámi is spoken covers the northern parts of Norway, Sweden and Finland.
Java Pathfinder
Java Pathfinder (JPF) is a system to verify executable Java bytecode programs. JPF was developed at the NASA Ames Research Center and open sourced in 2005. The acronym JPF is not to be confused with the unrelated Java Plugin Framework project.

The core of JPF is a Java Virtual Machine. JPF executes normal Java bytecode programs and can store, match and restore program states. Its primary application has been Model checking of concurrent programs, to find defects such as data races and deadlocks. With its respective extensions, JPF can also be used for a variety of other purposes, including

model checking of distributed applications

model checking of user interfaces

test case generation by means of symbolic execution

low level program inspection

program instrumentation and runtime monitoring

JPF has no fixed notion of state space branches and can handle both data and scheduling choices.

Java virtual machine
A Java virtual machine (JVM) is a virtual machine that enables a computer to run Java programs as well as programs written in other languages, other languages referred to as JVM languages that are also compiled to Java bytecode. The JVM is detailed by a specification that formally describes what is required in a JVM implementation. Having a specification ensures interoperability of Java programs across different implementations so that program authors using the Java Development Kit (JDK) need not worry about idiosyncrasies of the underlying hardware platform.

The JVM reference implementation is developed by the OpenJDK project as open source code and includes a JIT compiler called HotSpot. The commercially supported Java releases available from Oracle are based on the OpenJDK runtime. Eclipse OpenJ9 is another open source JVM for OpenJDK.
River Dalch
The River Dalch, is the largest tributary of the Lapford Yeo in Devon, England. It rises to the east of Nomansland and flows in a south-westerly direction for 18.7 kilometres until its confluence with the Lapford Yeo at Lapford.

Lapford
Lapford is a village and civil parish in Mid Devon in the English county of Devon.  It had a population of 993 in 2001, reducing to 867 at the 2011 census, and increasing to 990 in 2021.  Lapford is part of Taw Valley ward whose population at the above census was 1,629.
Cyrtandra viridiflora
Cyrtandra viridiflora is a rare species of flowering plant in the African violet family. It is endemic to Hawaii, where it is known only from the northern Koolau Mountains of Oahu. By 2003 there were nine small populations remaining, for a total of 69 plants. It was federally listed as an endangered species in 1996. Like other Hawaiian Cyrtandra it is called ha`iwale.

This plant is a shrub growing 0.5 to 2 meters tall with hairy leaves and green and white flowers. It grows in the cloud zone of the mountains in wet, windy habitat. This habitat is degraded by several forces, including feral pigs and exotic plant species such as Koster's curse (Clidemia hirta) and strawberry guava (Psidium cattleianum). In conservation efforts, some plants have been fenced to protect them and many seeds have been collected.

Feral pig
A feral pig is a domestic pig which has gone feral, meaning it lives in the wild. The term feral pig has also been applied to wild boars, which can interbreed with domestic pigs. They are found mostly in the Americas and Australia. Razorback and wild hog are sometimes used in the United States in reference to feral pigs or boar–pig hybrids.
James Danieley
James Earl Danieley (July 28, 1924 – November 29, 2016) was the sixth president of Elon College (1957–1973), a private college in Elon, North Carolina and has contributed over 60 years of service to the school.

Elon University
Elon University is a private university in Elon, North Carolina, United States. Founded in 1889 as Elon College, the university is organized into six schools, most of which offer bachelor's degrees and several of which offer master's degrees or professional doctorate degrees. Located in North Carolina's Piedmont region, Elon is situated on a 656-acre (265 ha) suburban campus between the cities of Greensboro and Raleigh. Elon's athletic teams compete in NCAA Division I as members of the Coastal Athletic Association.
Dunia: Into a New World
Dunia: Into a New World (Korean: 두니아 - 처음 만난 세계; RR: Dunia - cheoeum mannan segye) is a South Korean television entertainment program starring Yunho, Jung Hye-sung, Luda (Cosmic Girls), Kwon Hyun-bin, Sam Okyere, Don Spike, Koo Ja-sung, Hansel, Austin Kang, and DinDin. Season 1 aired on MBC Sundays at 18:45 (KST), beginning on 3 June and ended on 23 September 2018.

Dunia: Into a New World is dubbed as an "unreal variety show" because of its unconventional format, which follows a plot and incorporates scripted scenarios acted by the cast members. It is based on and is connected to Durango: Wild Lands, a massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) created by Nexon.

Yunho
Jung Yunho (Korean: 정윤호; born February 6, 1986), better known by his stage name U-Know Yunho (유노윤호) or simply U-Know, is a South Korean singer-songwriter, actor, and a member of the pop duo TVXQ. Born and raised in Gwangju, South Korea, Yunho started his musical training under the talent agency SM Entertainment in 2001 and joined TVXQ in 2003 as the band's leader. Fluent in Korean and Japanese, Yunho has released chart-topping albums throughout Asia as a member of TVXQ. He has made occasional acting appearances in television dramas.
Ottoland
Ottoland is a village in the Dutch province of South Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Molenlanden, and lies about 15 km northwest of Gorinchem.

In 2001, the village of Ottoland had 173 inhabitants. The built-up area of the village was 0.022 km², and contained 57 residences.
The statistical area "Ottoland", which also can include the peripheral parts of the village, as well as the surrounding countryside, has a population of around 490.

Ottoland was a separate municipality between 1817 and 1986, until it became part of Graafstroom. In 2013, Graafstroom was made part of Molenwaard. Until the 1980s Ottoland had only two streets, simply called A and B.

South Holland
South Holland (Dutch: Zuid-Holland [ˌzœyt ˈɦɔlɑnt] ⓘ) is a province of the Netherlands with a population of over 3.8 million as of January 2023 and a population density of about 1,410/km2 (3,700/sq mi), making it the country's most populous province and one of the world's most densely populated areas. Situated on the North Sea in the west of the Netherlands, South Holland covers an area of 3,308 km2 (1,277 sq mi), of which 609 km2 (235 sq mi) is water. It borders North Holland to the north, Utrecht and Gelderland to the east, and North Brabant and Zeeland to the south. The provincial capital is the Dutch seat of government The Hague, while its largest city is Rotterdam. The Rhine-Meuse-Scheldt delta drains through South Holland into the North Sea. Europe's busiest seaport, the Port of Rotterdam, is located in South Holland.
Jo Vonlanthen
Joseph Vonlanthen (born 31 May 1942) is a former racing driver from Switzerland. He participated in one Formula One World Championship Grand Prix, on 17 August 1975, driving a Williams. He retired with engine failure, scoring no championship points.

Vonlanthen started in Formula Vee, before progressing to Formula Three, where he won the Swiss Formula 3 Championship. He found things a little tougher in Formula Two, but managed to secure a seat with Frank Williams for the non-championship Swiss Grand Prix in 1975, where he finished 14th. He also made a World Championship start in the 1975 Austrian Grand Prix. Vonlanthen can be considered lucky to have started this race, as he was only allowed to start when Wilson Fittipaldi suffered an injury in practice which prevented him from taking his place on the grid.

Vonlanthen subsequently returned to Formula 2 before disappearing from the sport's higher levels.

Formula Vee
Formula Vee (Formula Fau Vee in Germany) or Formula Volkswagen is an open wheel, single-seater junior motor racing formula, with relatively low costs in comparison to Formula Ford.

On the international stage,  Niki Lauda, Emerson Fittipaldi, Nelson Piquet and Keke Rosberg, all Formula 1 champions, and Scott Dixon, a six-time IndyCar champion, raced Formula Vees in Europe, New Zealand, or America at the beginning of their careers.  In Australia, V8 Supercar drivers Larry Perkins, Colin Bond, John Blanchard, John Bowe, Jason Bargwanna and Paul Stokell were also racers in Formula Vee.

Formula First, raced in the US and New Zealand, employs the same chassis, but with upgraded motor, brakes and steering. Australia's modern Formula Vee car rules are the definition for Formula First in these countries.
Functional-theoretic algebra
Any vector space can be made into a unital associative algebra, called functional-theoretic algebra,  by defining products in terms of two linear functionals. In general, it is a non-commutative algebra. It becomes commutative when the two functionals are the same.

Noncommutative ring
In mathematics, a noncommutative ring is a ring whose multiplication is not commutative; that is, there exist a and b in the ring such that ab and ba are different. Equivalently, a noncommutative ring is a ring that is not a commutative ring.

Noncommutative algebra is the part of ring theory devoted to study of properties of the noncommutative rings, including the properties that apply also to commutative rings.

Sometimes the term noncommutative ring is used instead of ring to refer to an unspecified ring which is not necessarily commutative, and hence may be commutative. Generally, this is for emphasizing that the studied properties are not restricted to commutative rings, as, in many contexts, ring is used as a shorthand for commutative ring.

Although some authors do not assume that rings have a multiplicative identity, in this article we make that assumption unless stated otherwise.
Potentilla aperta
Potentilla aperta, commonly known as Sierra Valley mousetail, is a species of flowering plant in the rose family.

It is native to the High Sierra Nevada and Modoc Plateau of California and Nevada, where it grows in dry meadows on volcanic soils.

Modoc Plateau
The Modoc Plateau lies in the northeast corner of California as well as parts of Oregon and Nevada.  Nearly 1,000,000 acres (400,000 ha) of the Modoc National Forest are on the plateau between the Medicine Lake Highlands in the west and the Warner Mountains in the east.

Its landform is volcanic table land ranging from 4,000 to 6,000 feet above sea level, cut by many north–south faults. "Occasioned lakes, marshes, and sluggishly flowing streams meander across the plateau."

It is a thick accumulation of lava flows and tuff beds, along with many small volcanic cones. It has cinder cones, juniper flats, pine forests, and seasonal lakes. The plateau is thought to have been formed approximately 25 million years ago as a southern extension of the Columbia Plateau flood basalts.
Góry, West Pomeranian Voivodeship
Góry [ˈɡurɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Białogard, within Białogard County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 12 km (7 mi) south of Białogard and 111 km (69 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Białogard
Białogard (pronounced [bjaˈwɔɡart] ⓘ; German: Belgard [ˈbɛlɡaʁt]; Pomeranian: Biôłogard) is a historic town in Middle Pomerania, northwestern Poland, with 23,614 inhabitants as of December 2021. The capital of Białogard County in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship.

Bialogard is one of the oldest towns in Pomerania, which developed from an early medieval fortified stronghold. It prospered as a center of trade and crafts. Today it is a small industrial centre and a site for natural gas extraction. It is the most important railroad junction of Middle Pomerania, which links Kołobrzeg with Piła and Gdańsk with Stargard. It has a number of heritage sites from different periods, including several medieval town gates and churches.
Love Story (2006 Singaporean film)
Love Story  (Chinese: 爱情故事) is a 2006 Hong Kong and Singaporean romantic drama film directed by Kelvin Tong. The film follows a romance novelist and his four different muses, and stars Allen Lin, Erica Lee, Evelyn Tan, Tracy Tan and  Amanda Ling. Funded by Andy Lau's production company Focus Films as part of its Focus: First Cuts projects which was set up to encourage the region's promising directors, the film won Tong the Best Director award at the 2006 Singapore International Film Festival.

Singapore International Film Festival
The Singapore International Film Festival (SGIFF) (Chinese: 新加坡国际电影节) is the longest-running film festival in Singapore, founded in 1987.

The 36th Singapore International Film Festival took place from 26 November to 7 December 2025.