hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Radó's theorem (Riemann surfaces)
In mathematical complex analysis, Radó's theorem, proved by Tibor Radó (1925), states that every connected Riemann surface is second-countable (has a countable base for its topology).

The Prüfer surface is an example of a surface with no countable base for the topology, so cannot have the structure of a Riemann surface.

The obvious analogue of Radó's theorem in higher dimensions is false: there are 2-dimensional connected complex manifolds that are not second-countable.

Connected space
In topology and related branches of mathematics, a connected space is a topological space that cannot be represented as the union of two or more disjoint non-empty open subsets. Connectedness is one of the principal topological properties that distinguish topological spaces.

A subset of a topological space  is a connected set if it is a connected space when viewed as a subspace of .

Some related but stronger conditions are path connected, simply connected, and -connected. Another related notion is locally connected, which neither implies nor follows from connectedness.
Cymopterus ripleyi
Cymopterus ripleyi is a species of flowering plant in the carrot family known by the common name Ripley's springparsley, or Ripley's cymopterus. It is native to Nevada, Arizona and eastern California, where it grows in habitat with sandy soils, such as deserts. It is a stemless perennial herb, producing leaves and inflorescence from the taproot. The shiny, hairless leaves have small, rounded blades with approximately three leaflets each divided into lobes. The leaves are borne on petioles up to 10 centimeters long. The inflorescence is a spherical cluster of purplish or off-white flowers atop a long peduncle.

Apiaceae
Apiaceae (/ˌeɪpiˈeɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/ ⓘ), also called Umbelliferae, is a family of mostly aromatic flowering plants named after the type genus Apium, and commonly known as the celery, carrot, or parsley family, or simply as umbellifers. It is the 16th-largest family of flowering plants, with more than 3,800 species in about 446 genera, including such well-known, and economically important plants as ajwain, angelica, anise, asafoetida, caraway, carrot, celery, chervil, coriander, cumin, dill, fennel, lovage, cow parsley, parsley, parsnip and sea holly, as well as silphium, a plant whose exact identity is unclear and which may be extinct.

The family Apiaceae includes a significant number of phototoxic species, such as giant hogweed, and a smaller number of highly poisonous species, such as poison hemlock, water hemlock, spotted cowbane, fool's parsley, and various species of water dropwort.
Ben Richardson (curler)
Benjamin Richardson (born October 9, 1998) is an American curler from Miami, Florida. He is a four-time United States Junior Champion, and was a silver medalist at both the 2016 Winter Youth Olympics and the 2017 World Junior Championships. He is currently the second on Team Daniel Casper, and will be representing the United States at the 2026 Winter Olympics.

Second (curling)
In curling, the second is the person who delivers the second pair of stones after the lead. On most teams, where the second does not act as skip or vice, the second will sweep for each of their teammates. Due to the free-guard-zone rule, which prevents guards from being removed from play by the leads, the second is usually a curler with a high degree of proficiency throwing takeouts, peels, and other power shots. Following the adoption of the five-rock rule in 2018, the role of the second has become more of a finesse role, as seconds often have to throw guards and other finesse shots.
Alejandra Pérez Lecaros
Alejandra Pérez Lecaros (born 11 January 1963) is a Chilean politician who served as minister during Sebastián Piñera's second government.

She worked at Canal 13, where she served as Communications and Marketing Manager (2010–2014), Deputy Executive Director (2014–2016), Executive Director (2016), and Chair of the Board.

Pontifical Catholic University of Chile
The Pontifical Catholic University of Chile (UC Chile; Spanish: Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile) is a traditional private university based in Santiago, Chile. It is one of the thirteen Catholic universities existing in the Chilean university system and one of the two pontifical universities in the country, along with the Pontifical Catholic University of Valparaíso. Founded in 1888, it is one of Chile's oldest universities. It is ranked among the top universities in Latin America (2nd in the region and 93rd in the world as per QS Ranking 2025).

Pontifical Catholic University of Chile has a strong and long-standing rivalry with the University of Chile, as they are both widely recognized as the most traditional and prestigious in the country, and one is Catholic and the other, secular. This rivalry also translates to sports, especially football.
The Black Forest Girl (1920 film)
The Black Forest Girl (German: Schwarzwaldmädel) is a 1920 German silent drama film directed by Arthur Wellin and starring Uschi Elleot, Gustav Charle and Carl Neisser. The film is based on the 1917 operetta of the same title, composed by Leon Jessel with a libretto by August Neidhart. It is one of a number of adaptations that have been made.

Schwarzwaldmädel
Schwarzwaldmädel (Black Forest Girl) is a 1917 operetta in three acts by German composer Leon Jessel. The libretto is by August Neidhart, and the operetta premiered on 25 August 1917 at the old Komische Oper Berlin. It is the most popular operetta written in Germany.
Paloshkava, Klimavichy district
Paloshkava (Belarusian: Палошкава, romanized: Pałoškava; Russian: Полошково, romanized: Poloshkovo) is an agrotown in Klimavichy District, Mogilev Region, Belarus. It is located 136 km from Mogilev and 12 km north of Klimavichy on the bank of the Sosnovka River. Since February 2010, Paloshkava serves as the administrative center of the Damamyerychy selsoviet.

Klimavichy
Klimavichy (Belarusian: Клiмавiчы, romanized: Klimavičy; Russian: Климовичи, romanized: Klimovichi) is a town in Mogilev Region, Belarus. It serves as the administrative center of Klimavichy District. Klimavichy is located 124 km (77.05 mi) east of Mogilev on the bank of the Kalinica River. In 2009, its population was 17,064. As of 2025, it has a population of 14,868.
Montegufoni Castle
Montegufoni Castle (Italian: Castello di Montegufoni) is a castle located in Montespertoli, a comune in the Metropolitan City of Florence in the Italian region Tuscany, located about 20 kilometres (12 mi) southwest of Florence. Montegufoni stands on the ancient Via Volterrana, the road taken by Charlemagne and other emperors to reach Florence or Rome and which passes through Volterra and Siena.

Metropolitan City of Florence
The Metropolitan City of Florence (Italian: città metropolitana di Firenze) is an administrative division called metropolitan city in the Tuscany region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Florence. It replaced the province of Florence. It was first created by the reform of local authorities (Law 142/1990) and then established by the Law 56/2014. It has been operative since 1 January 2015.
The Vigilant (comics)
The Vigilant are a British superhero team who appear in comics published by Rebellion Developments. The team is mainly made up of updated versions of extant IPC/Fleetway Publications characters that are now owned by Rebellion, mixed with some original characters.

Lion (comics)
Lion was a weekly British comics periodical published by Amalgamated Press (and later Fleetway Publications and IPC Magazines) from 23 February 1952 to 18 May 1974. A boys' adventure comic, Lion was originally designed to compete with Eagle, the popular weekly comic published by Hulton Press that had introduced Dan Dare. It debuted numerous memorable characters, including Captain Condor, Robot Archie, Paddy Payne and the Spider. Lion lasted for 1,156 issues before being merged with stablemate Valiant.
Sauzer's Kiddieland
Sauzer's Kiddieland was an amusement park that operated near the U.S. Route 30 and U.S. Route 41 intersection in Schererville, Indiana from 1949 to 1993.  The 15-acre (61,000 m2) park was opened and operated by Frank Sauzer and later operated by his son Frank Sauzer Jr., included about 18 rides and a paddle boat pond.

The Swingin' Gyms were saved by a family in Dyer Indiana and eventually found their way to the Coaster Universe Preservation Museum in Ohio.

Schererville, Indiana
Schererville (/ˈʃɛrərvɪl/ SHERR-ər-vil, locally /ˈʃɛərvɪl/ SHAIR-vil) is a town in St. John and Center townships, Lake County, Indiana,  United States. The population was 29,646 at the 2020 census  It is a suburb of Chicago, located 30 miles south of the city.
Swaminarayan Mandir, Gadhada
Swaminarayan Mandir, Gadhada (Devnagari: श्री स्वामिनारायण मन्दिर, गढडा), also known as Gopinathji Dev mandir, is a Hindu temple in Gadhada, Gujarat, India. This Swaminarayan Sampradaya temple is one of the six temples built by the sect's founder Swaminarayan. The temple is dedicated to Radha Krishna.

Shikharbaddha mandir
A shikharbaddha mandir is a traditional Hindu or Jain place of worship, typically featuring architecture characterized by superstructures with towers, pinnacles,and domes, and often built of carved marble, sandstone, or other stone.  While such mandirs are common in many branches of Hinduism, the use of the term shikharbaddha mandir to describe such mandirs is most common in the Swaminarayan branch of Hinduism as well as Jainism. The opposite of the shikharbaddha temple is one without a shikhara tower, i.e. with a flat roof.
Nitin Agarwal (civil servant)
Nitin Agrawal (born 27 July 1966) is a 1989 batch Indian Police Service (IPS)  officer from Kerala cadre and  served as the 31st Director General of the Border Security Force of India since 12 June 2023 till 31 July 2024.

Indian Police Service
The Indian Police Service (IPS) is a civil service under the All India Services. It replaced the Indian Imperial Police in 1948, a year after India became independent from the British Empire.

Along with the Indian Administrative Service (IAS) and the Indian Forest Service (IFS), the IPS is part of the All India Services – its officers are employed by both the Union Government and by individual states governments.

The service provides leadership to various state and central police forces, including the Central Armed Police Forces (BSF, SSB, CRPF, CISF, and ITBP), the National Security Guard (NSG), Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB), National Disaster Response Force (NDRF), Intelligence Bureau (IB), Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW), Special Protection Group (SPG), National Investigation Agency (NIA), and the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI).
Operations, administration, and management
Operations, administration, and management or operations, administration, and maintenance (OA&M or OAM) are the processes, activities, tools, and standards involved with operating, administering, managing and maintaining any system.  This commonly applies to telecommunication, computer networks, and computer hardware.

In particular, Ethernet operations, administration and maintenance (EOAM) is the protocol for installing, monitoring and troubleshooting Ethernet metropolitan area network (MANs) and Ethernet WANs. The OAM features covered by this protocol are discovery, link monitoring, remote fault detection and remote loopback.

Metropolitan area network
A metropolitan area network (MAN) is a computer network that interconnects users with computer resources in a geographic region of the size of a metropolitan area. The term MAN is applied to the interconnection of local area networks (LANs) in a city into a single larger network which may then also offer efficient connection to a wide area network. The term is also used to describe the interconnection of several LANs in a metropolitan area through the use of point-to-point connections between them.
Noor Mohammad Qarqin
Noor Mohammad Qarqin (born 1953 in a village in Qarqeen District of Jowzjan Province, Afghanistan) is a former minister in the Afghan government and ambassador. He is an ethnic Turkmen and has a Bachelor of Science from Kabul University.

Kabul University
Kabul University (KU; د کابل پوهنتون/ دانشگاه کابل) is one of the major and oldest institutions of higher education in Afghanistan. It is in the 3rd District of the capital Kabul near the Ministry of Higher Education. It was founded in 1931 by King Mohammed Nadir Shah, whose prime minister at the time was his younger brother, Sardar Mohammad Hashim Khan. Approximately 22,000 students attend Kabul University. In August 2021, before the Taliban takeover, nearly half were female.
Nabokov (crater)
Nabokov is a crater on Mercury.  Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) on April 24, 2012. Nabokov is named for the Russian and American author Vladimir Nabokov.

Nabokov is one of 110 peak ring basins on Mercury.  To the west is another peak-ring basin, Holst, of similar size. To the north of Nabokov is Martins crater, and to the northeast is Barney. Nabokov lies on the east side of the ancient Lennon-Picasso Basin.  About 137 km to the northeast of Barney is the highest point on Mercury (over 4 km above the global average), the highest part of scarps that are remnants of the rim of the Lennon-Picasso Basin.

Peak ring
A peak ring crater is a type of complex crater, which is different from a multi-ringed basin or central-peak crater. A central peak is not seen; instead, a roughly circular ring or plateau, possibly discontinuous, surrounds the crater's center, with the crater rim still farther out from the center.
Ventoux AOC
Ventoux AOC (French pronunciation: [vɑ̃tu]; known as Côtes du Ventoux AOC until 2008) is a wine-growing AOC in the southeastern region of the Rhône wine region of France, where the wines are produced in 51 communes of the Vaucluse département along the lower slopes of the Ventoux mountain and at the foot of the Vaucluse Mountains. The neighbouring appellation of Luberon AOC stretches along its southern border and is separated from it by the Calavon river.

The three main areas of the region, the Malaucène basin, the foothills of the Mont Ventoux to  the east of Carpentras and to the north of Cavaillon are less ravaged by the Mistral due to some shelter afforded by the Ventoux-Vaucluse-Luberon mountain range.
Archeological discoveries of wine making  equipment have dated that wine has been produced in the area at least since around 30 AD.

Calavon
The Calavon (French pronunciation: [kalavɔ̃]; also called le Coulon) is an 86.7-kilometre (53.9 mi) long river in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence and Vaucluse départements, southeastern France. Its drainage basin is 1,027 km2 (397 sq mi). Its source is near Banon. It flows generally west-southwest. It is a right tributary of the Durance into which it flows at Caumont-sur-Durance, near Cavaillon.
Renegade Nell
Renegade Nell (originally developed as The Ballad of Renegade Nell) is a British historical fantasy action-adventure television series created and written by Sally Wainwright and starring Louisa Harland. Produced by Lookout Point for Disney+, the series premiered on 29 March 2024. Set in a fantasy version of 18th-century England, Nell Jackson (Harland) becomes a highwaywoman—and the most feared person in the country—after being framed for murder. With the help of a magical sprite called Billy Blind, Nell realizes that her destiny is bigger than she ever imagined. In July 2024, Disney canceled the series after one season.

Highwayman
A highwayman was a robber who stole from travellers. This type of thief usually travelled and robbed by horse as compared to a footpad who travelled and robbed on foot; mounted highwaymen were widely considered to be socially superior to footpads. Such criminals operated until the mid- or late 19th century. Highwaywomen, such as Katherine Ferrers, were said to also exist, often dressing as men, especially in fiction.

The first attestation of the word highwayman is from 1617. Euphemisms such as "knights of the road" and "gentlemen of the road" were sometimes used by people interested in romanticizing them with a Robin Hood–esque slant. In the 19th-century American West, highwaymen were sometimes known as road agents. In Australia, they were known as bushrangers.
Spodnji Gabernik
Spodnji Gabernik (pronounced [ˈspoːdnji ˈɡaːbəɾnik]) is a settlement in the Municipality of Rogaška Slatina in eastern Slovenia. The entire area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included in the Savinja Statistical Region.

Municipality of Rogaška Slatina
The Municipality of Rogaška Slatina (pronounced [ɾɔˈɡaːʃka ˈslaːtina] ⓘ; Slovene: Občina Rogaška Slatina) is a municipality in the traditional region of Styria in northeastern Slovenia. The seat of the municipality is the town of Rogaška Slatina. Rogaška Slatina became a municipality in 1994. It borders Croatia.
1935 Idaho Vandals football team
The 1935 Idaho Vandals football team represented the University of Idaho in the 1935 college football season. The Vandals were led by first-year head coach Ted Bank, and were members of the Pacific Coast Conference. Home games were played on campus in Moscow at MacLean Field, with one in Boise at Public School Field.

Idaho compiled a 2–7 overall record and lost all but one of its six games in the PCC, defeating cellar rival Montana.

In the Battle of the Palouse with neighbor Washington State, the Vandals suffered an eighth straight loss, falling 0–6 at homecoming in Moscow on November 9. Idaho's most recent win in the series was ten years earlier in 1925 and the next was nineteen years away in 1954.

1935 Montana Grizzlies football team
The 1935 Montana Grizzlies football team represented the University of Montana in the 1935 college football season as a member of the Pacific Coast Conference (PCC). The Grizzlies were led by first-year head coach Doug Fessenden, played their home games at Dornblaser Field and finished the season with a record of one win, five losses and two ties (1–5–2, 0–5–1 PCC).
Molun Khola Small Hydropower Station
Molun Khola Small Hydropower Station (Nepali: मोलुन खोला सानो जलविद्युत आयोजना) is a run-of-river hydro-electric plant located in   Okhaldhunga District of Nepal. The flow from Molun River is used to generate 7 MW electricity. The plant is owned and developed by Molun Hydropower Co. Pvt. Ltd, an IPP of Nepal. The plant started generating electricity from 2074-12-12BS. The generation licence will expire in 2106-06-01 BS, after which the plant will be handed over to the government.  The power station is connected to the national grid and the electricity is sold to Nepal Electricity Authority.

Independent Power Producers Association
The Independent Power Producers Association, Nepal (IPPAN; स्वतन्त्र उर्जा उत्पादकहरुको संस्था, नेपाल) is an association of private developers and owners of power production companies in Nepal. It is a non-profit, non-government, autonomous organization and was established in 2001. Its main objective is to link the private sector and government organizations involved in hydropower generation. IPPAN is primarily a membership organization. The General Assembly comprises both institutional and individual members. The General Assembly elects the Board of Directors, which then formulates the plans and policies of the organization. As of 2020, there are 580 private hydropower projects that are in operation or under construction with a total capacity to generate 21,000 MW. The private sector has invested about NPR 600 billion in these projects.
French ship Saint Louis (1692)
Saint Louis was a second rank two-decker ship of the line of the French Royal Navy. She was armed with 64 guns, comprising twenty-four 24-pounder guns on the lower deck and twenty-six 12-pounder guns on the upper deck, with eight 6-pounder guns on the quarterdeck and six 6-pounder guns on the forecastle.

Designed by Joseph Andrault, Marquis de Langeron, and built by Philippe Cochois, she was begun at Le Havre in June 1692 as one of the replacements for the ships destroyed by an English attack at La Hougue in June 1692. She was launched in December 1692 and completed in February 1693.

Saint Louis, along with her sister ship Éole, took part in the Battle of Vélez-Málaga on 24 August 1704 and was subsequently scuttled at Toulon in July 1707, but was later raised. She was sold in 1712 to be taken to pieces.

Quarterdeck
The quarterdeck is a raised deck behind the main mast of a sailing ship. Traditionally it was where the captain commanded his vessel and where the ship's colours were kept. This led to its use as the main ceremonial and reception area on board, and the word is still used to refer to such an area on a ship or even in naval establishments on land. Many such facilities have areas decorated like shipboard quarterdecks.

In the 20th century the word came to be applied to the area at the stern of the ship, often (on naval vessels) used for secondary weapons and (on battleships) seaplane catapults.
Stanley Greenspan
Stanley Greenspan (June 1, 1941 – April 27, 2010) was an American child psychiatrist and clinical professor of Psychiatry, Behavioral Science, and Pediatrics at George Washington University Medical School. He was best known for developing the floortime approach for attempting to treat children with autistic spectrum disorders and developmental disabilities.

He was Chairman of the Interdisciplinary Council on Developmental and Learning Disorders and also a Supervising Child Psychoanalyst at the Washington Psychoanalytic Institute. A graduate of Harvard College and Yale Medical School, Greenspan was the founding president of Zero to Three: National Center for Infants, Toddlers, and Families and former director of the National Institute of Mental Health's Clinical Infant Developmental Program and Mental Health Study Center.

Child and adolescent psychiatry
Child and adolescent psychiatry (or pediatric psychiatry) is a branch of psychiatry that focuses on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental disorders in children, adolescents, and their families. It investigates the biopsychosocial factors that influence the development and course of psychiatric disorders and treatment responses to various interventions. Child and adolescent psychiatrists primarily use psychotherapy and/or medication to treat mental disorders in the pediatric population.
Melbecks
Melbecks is a civil parish in North Yorkshire, England. It is located in upper Swaledale and covers the settlements of Gunnerside, Low Row, Feetham and Kearton.

From 1974 to 2023 it was part of the district of Richmondshire, it is now administered by the unitary North Yorkshire Council.

The parish council conducts meetings alternately between the villages of Gunnerside and Low Row.

Gunnerside
Gunnerside is a village in North Yorkshire, England. It is situated in Swaledale, on the B6270 road, 3 miles (5 km) east of Muker and 6 miles (10 km) west of Grinton. The village lies between the River Swale and its tributary, Gunnerside Beck, and is within the Yorkshire Dales National Park.
Solnik Point
Solnik Point (Bulgarian: нос Солник, ‘Nos Solnik’ \'nos 'sol-nik\) is a rocky point projecting 550 m from the northwest coast of Low Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica.  Forming the south side of the entrance to Kazichene Cove.  Situated 4.1 km southwest of Cape Wallace and 11.15 km north of Cape Garry.

The point is named after the settlement of Solnik in northeastern Bulgaria.

Cape Wallace
Cape Wallace is the cape marking the northern extremity of Limets Peninsula and the north-west end of Low Island in the South Shetland Islands of Antarctica. Though the origin of the name Cape Wallace is unknown, it has appeared on charts for over a hundred years and its usage has been established internationally.