hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Meidum
Meidum, Maydum or Maidum (Arabic: ميدوم, Ancient Egyptian: Mr(y)-Jtmw, lit. 'beloved of Atum', Ancient Greek: Μοι(ε)θυμις) is an archaeological site in Lower Egypt. It contains a large pyramid and several mudbrick mastabas. The pyramid was Egypt's first straight-sided one, but it partially collapsed in ancient times.  The area is located around 72 kilometres (45 mi) south of modern Cairo.

Mudbrick
A mudbrick (or mud-brick), also called an unfired brick, is an air-dried brick composed of a mixture of mud (containing loam, clay, sand, and water) with a binding material, such as rice husks or straw. Mudbricks are known to have been used since 9000 BCE.

From around 5000–4000 BCE, mudbricks evolved into fired bricks to increase strength and durability. Nevertheless, in some warm regions with very little timber available to fuel a kiln, mudbricks continued to be in use. Mudbricks remain the modern standard of vernacular architecture in some warmer regions, mainly in parts of Africa and western Asia. In the 20th century, the compressed earth block was developed using high pressure as a cheap and eco-friendly alternative to obtain non-fired bricks with more strength than the simpler air-dried mudbricks.
2009 GDF SUEZ Grand Prix – Singles
The 2009 GDF SUEZ Grand Prix – Singles was one of the events of the 2009 GDF SUEZ Grand Prix women's tennis tournament, played on outdoor clay courts in Budapest, Hungary from 4 July until 12 July 2009. The draw consisted of 32 players and 8 of them were seeded. Alizé Cornet was the defending champion, but lost in the second round to Shahar Pe'er.

Fourth-seeded Ágnes Szávay won in the final 2–6, 6–4, 6–2 against Patty Schnyder.

Patty Schnyder
Patty Schnyder (born 14 December 1978) is a Swiss retired tennis player. A former top 10 player in singles, she twice defeated a reigning world No. 1 player in her career: Martina Hingis at the 1998 Grand Slam Cup (by retirement) and Jennifer Capriati at the Family Circle Cup in 2002. In addition, she has notable wins over such former No. 1 players as Lindsay Davenport, Serena Williams, Arantxa Sánchez Vicario, Steffi Graf, Kim Clijsters, Justine Henin, Amélie Mauresmo, Maria Sharapova, Jelena Janković, Ana Ivanovic, and Caroline Wozniacki.

In her career, she reached six Grand Slam singles quarterfinals and one major singles semifinal. She won eleven WTA Tour singles titles including Zurich Open (Tier I), and five WTA doubles titles, and earned almost $8.6 million in prize money.
Holubivka, Alchevsk Raion, Luhansk Oblast
Holubivka (Ukrainian: Голубівка) is a rural settlement in Alchevsk urban hromada, Alchevsk Raion (district), Luhansk Oblast (region), Ukraine. Population: 1,610 (2022 estimate)

Until 18 July 2020, Komisarivka was located in Perevalsk Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Luhansk Oblast to eight, of which only four were controlled by the government. The area of Perevalsk Raion was merged into Alchevsk Raion. However, the area of raion is controlled by the Luhansk People's Republic, which continues to use the old, pre-2020 administrative divisions of Ukraine.

Alchevsk Raion
Alchevsk Raion (Ukrainian: Алчевський район; Russian: Алчевский район) is a prospective raion (district) of Luhansk Oblast, Ukraine. It was formally created in July 2020 as part of the reform of administrative divisions of Ukraine. The center of the raion is in the town of Alchevsk. Population: 437,513 (2021 est.). The area of the raion is occupied by Russia, which continues to use the old, pre-2020 administrative divisions of Ukraine.
Boquio
Boquio is a small upland area south of Bolitho in west Cornwall, United Kingdom. It is situated approximately halfway between Praze-an-Beeble and Wendron in the civil parish of Wendron. There are several farmstead settlements bearing the names Boquio and Boquio Vean in the area.

Bolitho, Cornwall
Bolitho (/bəˈlaɪθoʊ/ bə-LY-thoh, Cornish: Bosleythow) is a village in west Cornwall, and a Cornish surname. The Bolitho Family own large estates  in west Cornwall, England, United Kingdom.

The name Bolitho comes from the Cornish language words bos, meaning 'dwelling', and Leythow, a personal name.

There is also a place called Bolitho in the civil parish of Menheniot.
Aqman
Aqman (Tatar: Акман, romanized: Aqman) is a rural locality (a derevnya) in Mamadış District, Tatarstan. The population was 257 as of 2010.
Aqman is located 17 km from Mаmadış, district's administrative centre, and 187 km from Ԛazаn, republic's capital, by road.
The village was established in 18th century.
There are 3 streets in the village.

Mamadysh
Mamadysh (Russian: Мамады́ш; Tatar: Мамадыш) is a town and the administrative center of Mamadyshsky District in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia, located on the Vyatka River (Kama's tributary), 167 kilometers (104 mi) from the republic's capital of Kazan. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 14,435.
Paul Morantz
Paul Robert Morantz (August 16, 1945 – October 23, 2022) was an American attorney and investigative journalist. 
He was known for taking legal cases alleging brainwashing by cults and self-help groups and for sexual misconduct by psychotherapists. His successful prosecution of Synanon led to an attempt against his life by means of a rattlesnake placed in his mailbox.

Sports journalism
Sports journalism is a form of writing that reports on sporting topics and competitions.

The appetite for sports resulted in sports-only media such as Sports Illustrated and ESPN. There are many different forms of sports journalism, ranging from play-by-play and game recaps to analysis and investigative journalism on important developments in the sport. Technology and the internet age has massively changed the sports journalism space as it is struggling with the same problems that the broader category of print journalism is struggling with, mainly not being able to cover costs due to falling subscriptions. New forms of internet blogging and tweeting in the current millennium have pushed the boundaries of sports journalism.
Yossi Ben-Artzi
Yossi Ben-Artzi (Hebrew: יוסי בן ארצי; born July 4, 1949) is an Israeli historian and geographer. He is a professor in the Department of Israel Studies at the University of Haifa, where he served as Rector from 2004 to 2010. Ben-Artzi currently serves as the academic head of the IDF Military Colleges administration, chairman of the board of The Society for the Protection of Nature in Israel, and chairman of the Street Names Committee of Haifa.

Society for the Protection of Nature in Israel
Society for the Protection of Nature in Israel (Hebrew: החברה להגנת הטבע, HaHevra LeHaganat HaTeva), or SPNI, is an Israeli non-profit environmental organization working to preserve plants, animals, and natural environments that represent bio-diversity, by protecting the lands and waters needed for their survival, and is Israel's oldest and largest conservation organization.
Mad cow crisis
The mad cow crisis is a health and socio-economic crisis characterized by the collapse of beef consumption in the 1990s, as consumers became concerned about the transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) to humans through the ingestion of this type of meat.

Traceability
Traceability is the capability to trace something. In some cases, it is interpreted as the ability to verify the history, location, or application of an item by means of documented recorded identification.

Other common definitions include the capability (and implementation) of keeping track of a given set or type of information to a given degree, or the ability to chronologically interrelate uniquely identifiable entities in a way that is verifiable.

Traceability is applicable to measurement, supply chain, software development, healthcare and security.
Patricia Skinner (historian)
Patricia E. Skinner, FRHistS (born 1965) is a British historian and academic, specialising in Medieval Europe. She was until August 2020 Professor of History at Swansea University. She was previously Reader in Medieval History at the University of Winchester and Lecturer in Humanities at the University of Southampton. She has published extensively on the social history of southern Italy and health and medicine. With Dr Emily Cock, she started the project "Effaced from History: Facial Difference and its Impact from Antiquity to the Present Day" to study the history of facial disfigurement.

Skinner received her PhD in Medieval History from the University of Birmingham in 1990. Her thesis on the Duchy of Gaeta was published in 1995 as Family Power in Southern Italy. In 1997, she was elected a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society (FRHistS). She has been co-editor of Social History of Medicine since 2014, and a member of the council of the Royal Historical Society since 2015.

Society for the Social History of Medicine
The Society for the Social History of Medicine (SSHM) was established in 1970. It is known for its peer-reviewed journal Social History of Medicine (since 1988) and the three book series it has sponsored, Studies in the Social History of Medicine (1989-2009), Studies for the Society for the Social History of Medicine, and Social Histories of Medicine. Its first meeting and inaugural lecture was in May 1970.
Aralia excelsa
Aralia excelsa is a species of flowering plant in the family Araliaceae. It is native to Mexico, Central America, northern South America and parts of the Caribbean.

This species is a shrub or tree up to 20 meters tall with tripinnate leaves and umbels of flowers.

Araliaceae
The Araliaceae are a family of flowering plants composed of about 43 genera and around 1500 species consisting of primarily woody plants and some herbaceous plants commonly called the ivy or ginseng family. The morphology of Araliaceae varies widely, but it is predominantly distinguishable based on its woody habit, tropical distribution, and the presence of simple umbels.

There are numerous plants of economic importance. Some genera, such as Hedera (the ivies), Fatsia (Japanese aralias) and Heptapleurum (formerly Schefflera, the umbrella trees), are used as ornamental foliage plants. The family also includes Panax ginseng, the root of which is ginseng, used in traditional Chinese medicine.
Gagar
Gagar (Punjabi: ਗਾਗਰ, pronounced: gāger), a metal pitcher used to store water in earlier days, is also used as a musical instrument in number of Punjabi folk songs and dances. It is played with both hands with rings worn on fingers. It is closely associated with the other music instrument, Gharha, which is an earthen pitcher. Gagar is traditionally used by milk venders as milk container also in Majha region (Amritsar, Gurdaspur and Tarantaran districts) of Punjab.

Ghara
Ghara is an earthen pot made in the Indian subcontinent. It is used for storing drinking water and keeping it cool.

The word ghara has cognates in Pahari, Bengali and Odia languages that can all be traced to the Sanskrit word ghaṭa meaning pot.
It is spelled in Hindi: घड़ा;
in Nepali: घड़ा ghaṛā;
in Urdu: گھڑا; in Saraiki: دِلّا
and in Punjabi: ਘਡ਼ਾ.

The word ghara is also used for the hollow bulbous protuberance on the snout of mature male gharials (Gavialis gangeticus) as it is shaped like a ghara. This protuberance enables them to emit a hissing sound that can be heard 75 m (246 ft) away.
Alexandra Wood (violinist)
Alexandra Wood (born 1977) is a violinist from Cookham, England. She began playing at 3 years old, gaining 140 marks for her grade VIII Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music examination at the age of 10. At age 13, she gave her first concerto performance and joined the National Youth Orchestra of Great Britain; she would go on to lead the same orchestra in her mid-teens.

In 2000, Wood graduated from Selwyn College, Cambridge with a double first with distinction. She then went to the Royal College of Music in London, studying with Izhak Rashkovsky, and was awarded the President Emerita Scholarship. Upon graduation she was awarded the Mills Williams and Phoebe Benham Junior fellowships.

She has won major prizes at international violin competitions, including the Henryk Wieniawski Violin Competition, Tibor Varga, Rodolfo Lipizer and Yampolsky. Wood was the winner of the Worshipful Company of Musicians Medal in 2000.

ABRSM
The ABRSM (Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music) is an examination board and registered charity based in the United Kingdom. ABRSM is one of five examination boards accredited by Ofqual to award graded exams and diploma qualifications in music within the UK's National Qualifications Framework (along with the London College of Music, RSL Awards (Rockschool Ltd), Trinity College London, and the Music Teachers' Board). 'The Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music' was established in 1889 and rebranded as ABRSM in 2009. The clarifying strapline "the exam board of the Royal Schools of Music" was introduced in 2012.

More than 600,000 candidates take ABRSM exams each year in over 90 countries. ABRSM also provides a publishing house for music which produces syllabus booklets, sheet music and exam papers and runs professional development courses and seminars for teachers.

ABRSM is one of the UK's 200 largest charitable organisations ranked by annual expenditure.
Wari AC
Wari Athletic Club (Bengali: উয়াড়ী অ্যাথলেটিক ক্লাব) is a professional multi-sports club based in Kolkata, West Bengal. It currently competes in the CFL Premier Division.

Wari formerly competed in the CFL First Division, second tier of the Calcutta Football League system.

The club was established in 1898 as Wari Club in Dacca, East Bengal (present-day Bangladesh). Following the partition of India, Calcutta-based members of the club shifted a branch in the city, and it continues to participate in state tournaments conducted by the Indian Football Association.

Trades Cup
The Trades Cup (also known as the Trades Challenge Cup or IFA Trades Challenge Cup) was an Indian football tournament held in Kolkata and organised by Indian Football Association. Incorporated in 1889, it was the second-oldest football tournament in Asia and the oldest in Kolkata. It was the traditional curtain raiser for the Kolkata football season.
Bonifaty Kedrov
Bonifaty Mikhailovich Kedrov (Russian: Бонифа́тий Миха́йлович Ке́дров; 10 December [O.S. 27 November] 1903 in Yaroslavl – 10 September 1985 in Moscow) was a Soviet researcher, philosopher, logician, chemist and psychologist who was a specialist in the philosophy of dialectical materialism and the philosophy of science.

Son of the Bolshevik leader Mikhail Kedrov, he himself joined the Bolsheviks in 1918.

Kedrov had a Doctor of Philosophy degree and specialized in philosophical questions of the natural sciences. He was a member of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union since 1966, author of over one thousand publications.

Since 1963, Kedrov was a member of the International Academy of the History of Science and a number of other institutions. Kedrov was one of the initiators and the first editor-in-chief of Problems of Philosophy (Voprosy Filosofii), a leading Soviet journal of philosophy, from 1947 to 1949.

Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union
The Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union was the highest scientific institution of the Soviet Union from 1925 to 1991. It united the country's leading scientists and was subordinated directly to the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union (until 1946 the Council of People's Commissars of the Soviet Union).

In 1991, by the decree of the President of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, the Russian Academy of Sciences was established on the basis of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union.
University Soccer Stadium, Chico
University Soccer Stadium is a soccer-specific stadium located on the campus of California State University, Chico in Chico, California.

The stadium opened in 2001 with a capacity of 4,000. After renovations, the stadium now seats 2,500. In addition to hosting the university's men's and women's soccer teams, the stadium was home to the Chico Rooks soccer team from 2001 to 2006.

California State University, Chico
California State University, Chico (Chico State) is a public university in Chico, California, United States. It was founded in 1887 as one of about 180 "normal schools" founded by state governments in the 19th century to train teachers for the rapidly growing public common schools. Some closed but most steadily expanded their role and became state colleges in the early 20th century and state universities in the late 20th century. It is the second oldest campus in the California State University system. As of the fall 2020 semester, the university had a total enrollment of 16,630 students. The university offers 126 bachelor's degree programs, 35 master's degree programs, and four types of teaching credentials. Chico is a Hispanic-serving institution (HSI).
Routh's theorem
In geometry, Routh's theorem determines the ratio of areas between a given triangle and a triangle formed by the pairwise intersections of three cevians.  The theorem states that if in triangle  points , , and  lie on segments , , and , then writing , , and , the signed area of the triangle formed by the cevians , , and  is

where  is the area of the triangle .

This theorem was given by Edward John Routh on page 82 of his Treatise on Analytical Statics with Numerous Examples in 1896. The particular case  has become popularized as the one-seventh area triangle. The  case implies that the three medians are concurrent (through the centroid).

Median (geometry)
In geometry, a median of a triangle is a line segment joining a vertex to the midpoint of the opposite side, thus bisecting that side. Every triangle has exactly three medians, one from each vertex, and they all intersect at the triangle's centroid. In the case of isosceles and equilateral triangles, a median bisects any angle at a vertex whose two adjacent sides are equal in length.
The concept of a median extends to tetrahedra.
Tohokushinsha Film
Tohokushinsha Film Corporation (株式会社東北新社, Kabushiki gaisha Tōhokushinsha) is a Japanese film distributor, production company and dubbing studio based in Akasaka, Minato, Tokyo. It was founded in 1961 by Banjirō Uemura (who was also once the head of the Japanese branch of ITC Entertainment) as a dubbing house for foreign films; members of the Uemura family continue as its largest shareholders.

Film distributor
A film distributor is a person responsible for the marketing of a film. The distribution company may be the same as, or different from, the production company. Distribution deals are an important part of financing a film.

The distributor may set the release date of a film and the method by which a film is to be exhibited or made available for viewing; for example, directly to the public either theatrically or for home viewing (DVD, video-on-demand, download, television programs through broadcast syndication etc.). A distributor may do this directly, if the distributor owns the theaters or film distribution networks, or through theatrical exhibitors and other sub-distributors. A limited distributor may deal only with particular products, such as DVDs or Blu-ray, or may act in a particular country or market. The primary distributor will often receive credit in the film's credits, one sheet or other marketing material.
Guy Sternberg
Guy Sternberg (born 1947) is the owner and operator of Starhill Forest Arboretum in Petersburg, Illinois. He is an arborist, author of books on oaks and is a founding member of the International Oak Society, tree consultant, and lecturer.

Council on Botanical and Horticultural Libraries, Inc.
The Council on Botanical and Horticultural Libraries, Inc. (CBHL) is a professional organization in the field of botanical and horticultural information services. Its purpose is to initiate and improve communication and coordinate activities and programs of mutual interest and benefit to its membership.
Koll Guitar Company
The Koll Guitar Company is an American guitar manufacturing company based in Portland, Oregon. The company, established in 1986 by Saul Koll, produces electric and semi-acoustic guitars.

The company is known for its "Glide" series (which has had improvements such as the "Superior"), and for its experimental designs for musicians such as David Torn, Elliott Sharp, Henry Kaiser and Lee Ranaldo of Sonic Youth. Other models by Koll are the Troubadour and the Super Cub, designed in the 1950s style.

Lee Ranaldo
Lee Mark Ranaldo (born February 3, 1956) is an American guitarist, singer and songwriter, best known as a co-founder of the rock band Sonic Youth. In 2004, Rolling Stone ranked Ranaldo at number 33 on its "Greatest Guitarists of All Time" list. In May 2012, Spin published a staff-selected top 100 guitarist list, ranking Ranaldo and his Sonic Youth bandmate Thurston Moore together at number 1.
Francesco Bidognetti
Francesco Bidognetti (born January 21, 1951, in Casal di Principe) is a powerful Italian Camorrista. He is the chief lieutenant of Francesco Schiavone, boss of the Casalesi clan from Casal di Principe in the province of Caserta, and head of the Bidognetti clan, one of the five clans which make up the Casalesi. He is known as "'Cicciott' 'e Mezzanotte'" (Neapolitan for Midnight Frankie).

Province of Caserta
The province of Caserta (Italian: provincia di Caserta) is a province in the Campania region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Caserta, situated about 36 kilometres (22 mi) by road north of Naples. The province has an area of 2,651.35 square kilometres (1,023.69 mi2), and a population of 907,442. The Palace of Caserta is located near to the city, a former royal residence which was constructed for the Bourbon kings of Naples. It was the largest palace and one of the largest buildings erected in Europe during the 18th century. In 1997, the palace was designated a World Heritage Site.
Memorial Cross
The Memorial Cross (French: Croix du Souvenir), often known as the Silver Cross for Mothers, is a Canadian decoration awarded to the mother, widow, widower, or next of kin of any member of the Canadian Armed Forces whose life is lost on active service, including peacekeeping, other such international operations and, since 2001, other service-related deaths.

State decoration
A state decoration is an object, such as a medal or the insignia of an order, that is awarded by a sovereign state to honor the recipient.

The term includes civil awards and decorations, as well as military awards and decorations.
Powers of the fire service in the United Kingdom
The powers of the fire service in the United Kingdom are extensive, but vary between jurisdictions. These powers generally only apply to members of public fire and rescue services. Powers are granted to firefighters in England & Wales by virtue of the Fire and Rescue Services Act 2004, in Scotland by virtue of the Fire (Scotland) Act 2005 and in Northern Ireland by virtue of the Fire and Rescue Services (Northern Ireland) Order 2006. Whilst the three acts are almost identical in effect, they word the powers differently and vary in relation to the issuance of warrants.

Road traffic control
Road traffic control involves directing vehicular and pedestrian traffic around a construction zone, accident or other road disruption, thus ensuring the safety of emergency response teams, construction workers and the general public.

Traffic control also includes the use of CCTV and other means of monitoring traffic by local or state roadways authorities to manage traffic flows and providing advice concerning traffic congestion.

Traffic Control Technicians (TCTs) or Traffic Control Supervisors (TCSs) are often known as "lollipop men" (usually this name only applies to TCTs working near schools to aid pupils in road crossing) from the appearance of their Stop/Slow signs, known as "Stop bats".