hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Future of Life Institute
37°17′08″N 121°56′39″W﻿ / ﻿37.285476°N 121.944084°W﻿ / 37.285476; -121.944084

The Future of Life Institute (FLI) is a nonprofit organization which aims to steer transformative technology towards benefiting life and away from large-scale risks, with a focus on existential risk from advanced artificial intelligence (AI). FLI's work includes grantmaking, educational outreach, and advocacy within the United Nations, United States government, and European Union institutions.

The founders of the Institute include MIT cosmologist Max Tegmark, UCSC cosmologist Anthony Aguirre, and Skype co-founder Jaan Tallinn.

Advocacy
Advocacy is the set of activities by individuals or groups intended to influence decisions within political, economic, and social institutions. It encompasses tactics ranging from grassroots organizing and media campaigns to lobbying, strategic litigation, and coalition-building, and aims to change laws, budgets, institutional practices, and public opinion. Advocacy can include many activities that a person or organization undertakes, including media campaigns, public speaking, commissioning and publishing research. Lobbying (often by lobby groups) is a form of advocacy where a direct approach is made to legislators on a specific issue or specific piece of legislation. Research has started to address how advocacy groups in the United States and Canada are using social media to facilitate civic engagement and collective action.
Henry E. Blackman
Henry E. Blackman was an American farmer and politician in the State of Michigan.

Blackman served in the offices of the Allegan County, Michigan Superintendent of the Poor, the Allegan County Drain Commissioner, the Trowbridge Township, Michigan Supervisor, and Justice of the Peace as a member of the National Party. Blackman's highest office was that of State Representative in the Michigan Legislature, to which position he elected in 1879. After serving only one term in the legislature, he was defeated for reelection in 1881 by Republican Francis Adam Goodman.

Blackman was born in Aurora, Ohio (Portage County) 6 January 1820. In 1839, he relocated to Michigan, finally settling in Trowbridge Township in 1841. Outside of the political arena, Blackman made his living as a farmer.

Portage County, Ohio
Portage County is a county in the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2020 census, the population was 161,791. Located in Northeast Ohio, Portage County is part of the Akron Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Cleveland–Akron–Canton Combined Statistical Area. Its county seat is Ravenna and its largest city is Kent. The county, named for the portage between the Cuyahoga and Tuscarawas rivers, was created in 1807 and formally organized in 1808. In addition to the cities of Kent and Ravenna, Portage County also includes the cities of Aurora and Streetsboro, along with five villages, 18 civil townships, and several unincorporated places within those townships. Additionally, the county includes parts of the city of Tallmadge, and part of the village of Mogadore, both of which are mostly in neighboring Summit County.
Lodgers in Bayard Street Tenement, Five Cents a Spot
Lodgers in Bayard Street Tenement, Five Cents a Spot is a black and white photograph taken by Danish-American photographer Jacob Riis, in 1889. It was included in his photographic book How the Other Half Lives, published in 1890.

Jacob Riis
Jacob August Riis (/riːs/ REESS; May 3, 1849 – May 26, 1914) was a Danish-American social reformer, "muck-raking" journalist, and social documentary photographer. He contributed significantly to the cause of urban reform in the United States of America at the turn of the twentieth century. He is known for using his photographic and journalistic talents to help the impoverished in New York City; those impoverished New Yorkers were the subject of most of his prolific writings and photography.

Riis endorsed the implementation of "model tenements" in New York with the help of humanitarian Lawrence Veiller. He was an early proponent of the newly practicable casual photography and one of the first to adopt photographic flash. While living in New York, Riis experienced poverty and became a police reporter writing about the quality of life in the slums. He attempted to alleviate the poor living conditions of poor people by exposing these conditions to the middle and upper classes.
Rgajska planina
Rgajska planina (Serbian Cyrillic: Ргајска планина, pronounced [r̩̂ɡaːjskaː planǐna]) is a mountain in southern Serbia, near the town of Prokuplje. Its highest peak  has an elevation of 1,017 meters above sea level.

Prokuplje
Prokuplje (Serbian Cyrillic: Прокупље, pronounced [prǒkupʎe]) is a city and the administrative center of the Toplica District in southern Serbia. As of 2022 census, the municipality has a population of 38,054 inhabitants.

Prokuplje is one of the Roman sites of Serbia. When South Serbs first settled in this area in the 6th century, the city was known as Komplos. The town was known as Ürgüp during Ottoman rule. After Serbia's victory over the Ottomans, Prokuplje was incorporated into the Kingdom of Serbia in 1878.
Timeline of Earth estimates
This is a timeline of humanity's understanding of the shape and size of the planet Earth from antiquity to modern scientific measurements. The Earth has the general shape of a sphere, but it is oblate due to the revolution of the planet. The Earth is an irregular oblate spheroid because neither the interior nor the surface of the Earth are uniform, so a reference oblate spheroid such as the World Geodetic System is used to horizontally map the Earth. The current reference spheroid is WGS 84. The reference spheroid is then used to create an equigeopotential geoid to vertically map the Earth. A geoid represents the general shape of the Earth if the oceans and atmosphere were at rest. The geoid elevation replaces the previous notion of sea level since the oceans are never at rest.

Pierre Louis Maupertuis
Pierre Louis Moreau de Maupertuis (/ˌmoʊpɛərˈtwiː/; French: [mopɛʁtɥi]; 1698 – 27 July 1759) was a French mathematician, philosopher and man of letters. He became the director of the Académie des Sciences and the first president of the Prussian Academy of Science, at the invitation of Frederick the Great.

Maupertuis made an expedition to Lapland to determine the shape of the Earth. He is often credited with having discovered the principle of least action – a version of which is known as Maupertuis's principle – which he expressed as an integral equation that describes the path followed by a physical system. His work in natural history is interesting in relation to modern science since he touched on aspects of heredity and the struggle for life.
Moses Amadu Yahaya
Moses Amadu Yahaya is a Ghanaian building technician, politician and was a Member of Parliament for the Kumbungu constituency in the Northern Region of Ghana. He is a member of the Convention Peoples' Party.

Convention People's Party
The Convention People's Party (CPP) is a socialist political party in Ghana based on the ideas of the first President of Ghana, Kwame Nkrumah. The CPP was formed in June 1949 after Nkrumah broke away from the United Gold Coast Convention (UGCC).
1st meridian east
The meridian 1° east of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, Europe, Africa, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.

The 1st meridian east forms a great ellipse with the 179th meridian west.

Great ellipse
A great ellipse is an ellipse passing through two points on a spheroid and having the same center as that of the spheroid. Equivalently, it is an ellipse on the surface of a spheroid and centered on the origin, or the curve formed by intersecting the spheroid by a plane through its center.
For points that are separated by less than about a quarter of the circumference of the earth, about , the length of the great ellipse connecting the points is close (within one part in 500,000) to the geodesic distance.
The great ellipse therefore is sometimes proposed as a suitable route for marine navigation.
The great ellipse is special case of an earth section path.
Kampong Selangan
Kampong Selangan is a village in Temburong District, Brunei, about 9.5 kilometres (5.9 mi) from the district town Bangar. The population was 241 in 2021. It is one of the villages within Mukim Amo. The postcode is PD2751.

Villages of Brunei
A village (Malay: kampung or kampong) is the third and lowest administrative division of Brunei. It is headed by a village head (ketua kampung). Several villages are grouped together to form a mukim. A village is generally the traditional rural settlement, in particular in the sense of a kampong or Malay traditional village, but it may also be an urbanised settlement within or near the capital city or a town, or part of the public housing estates. The population varies from hundreds to a few thousands.
Battle of Tempsford
In 917, the group of Danes who had previously been based in Huntingdon relocated to Tempsford in Bedfordshire, together with other Danes from East Anglia. They built and fortified a new burh there, to serve as a forward base for attacks on English territory. Later that year, after launching an unsuccessful attack on Bedford, they were attacked by an English army from the territories of King Edward the Elder, as part of his widespread offensive which in that year overwhelmed the Danish territories in East Anglia and south-eastern Mercia. The burh was stormed and a Danish king, probably that of East Anglia, was killed, along with the Jarls Toglos and Manna and many of their followers, while the rest were captured.

Huntingdon
Huntingdon is a market town in the Huntingdonshire district of Cambridgeshire, England. The town was given its town charter by King John in 1205. It was the county town of the historic county of Huntingdonshire. Oliver Cromwell was born there in 1599 and became one of its Members of Parliament (MP) in 1628. The former Conservative Prime Minister (1990–1997) John Major served as its MP from 1979 until his retirement in 2001.
Henry Perrine Baldwin
Henry Perrine Baldwin (August 29, 1842 – July 8, 1911) was an American businessman and politician on Maui in the Hawaiian Islands. He supervised the construction of the East Maui Irrigation System and co-founded Alexander & Baldwin, one of the "Big Five" corporations that dominated the economy of the Territory of Hawaii.

Haleakalā
Haleakalā (/ˌhɑːliˌɑːkəˈlɑː/; Hawaiian: Hawaiian pronunciation: [ˈhɐlɛˈjɐkəˈlaː]), or the East Maui Volcano, is a massive, active shield volcano that forms more than 75% of the Hawaiian Island of Maui. The western 25% of the island is formed by another volcano, Mauna Kahalawai, also referred to as the West Maui Mountains.

The tallest peak of Haleakalā ("house of the sun"), at 10,023 feet (3,055 m), is Puʻu ʻUlaʻula (Red Hill). From the summit one looks down into a massive depression some 11.25 mi (18.11 km) across, 3.2 mi (5.1 km) wide, and nearly 800 m (2,600 ft) deep. The surrounding walls are steep and the interior mostly barren-looking with a scattering of volcanic cones.
Dubai route numbering system
The Dubai route numbering system is a network of highways and roads in Dubai, United Arab Emirates that is managed by the Roads and Transport Authority (RTA). The network comprises 6 main highways and several major and minor inter-city and intra-city roads.

Roads & Transport Authority (Dubai)
Roads & Transport Authority (RTA) (Arabic: هيئة الطرق والمواصلات) is a Government of Dubai roads & transportation authority in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. It was founded in 2005 and is responsible for planning and executing transport and traffic projects, along with legislation and strategic plans of transportation in Dubai.
Eglinton, County Londonderry
Eglinton is a village in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland. It lies 5.5 miles (8.9 km) east-north-east of Derry, to which it serves as a sleeper village, and 9.5 miles (15.3 km) west-south-west of Limavady. It resides within Derry and Strabane district. The City of Derry Airport, also known as Eglinton Aerodrome and formerly as Londonderry Eglinton Airport, lies a short distance from the village.

Eglinton still has an elegant church, former market house, trees around a green and four oaks which started life in Windsor Great Park.  The River Muff flows through the village with the afforested Muff Glen being situated just south of the village. At an embankment of Lough Foyle, birdwatchers can find the feeding ground of many seabirds and waders on the mud flats at low tide.

Lough Foyle
Lough Foyle, sometimes Loch Foyle (Irish: Loch Feabhail, meaning 'Feabhal's loch' or "lough/estuary of the lip"), is the estuary of the River Foyle, on the north coast of Ireland. It lies between County Londonderry in Northern Ireland and County Donegal in the Republic of Ireland. Sovereignty over the waters has been in dispute since the partition of Ireland and the establishment of the Irish Free State in December 1922.
CF Inter de Valdemoro
Club de Fútbol Inter de Valdemoro is a Spanish football team based in Valdemoro, in the Community of Madrid. Founded in 1983, they play in Primera Autonómica de Aficionados – Group 2, holding home matches at Campo de Fútbol Abogados de Atocha, with a capacity of 1,500 people.

Valdemoro
Valdemoro is a municipal district, located in the Southern zone of the autonomous community of Madrid, Spain. Located 27 kilometers from the capital, Valdemoro is officially part of the comarca of La Sagra, though it is generally also included in the Madrid metropolitan area.

The municipality has experienced strong population growth in the past fifteen years, eventually reaching 74,745 inhabitants (INE 2018). Valdemoro's proximity to the capital has favored the demographic and economic development of the area. Due to the recent population boom, Valdemoro has had to construct new transportation, educational, sanitation, health, and entertainment facilities.

The municipality's recent history is closely linked to that of the Guardia Civil. Valdemoro is home to the Colegio de Guardias Jóvenes Duque de Ahumada, an academy open only to children and orphans of existing guardsmen.
Brian Gionta
Brian Joseph Gionta (born January 18, 1979) is an American former professional ice hockey player who played 16 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). Gionta began his NHL career in 2001 with the New Jersey Devils and served as captain for both the Montreal Canadiens and the Buffalo Sabres. He also was the captain for the United States in the 2018 Winter Olympics, for which he stepped away from the NHL for most of its 2017–18 season (NHL refused to release its players to the Olympics for the first time since 1994). After the Olympics, he briefly played for the Boston Bruins, and retired following their elimination from the playoffs.

Ice hockey at the 1994 Winter Olympics
The men's ice hockey tournament at the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer, Norway, was the 18th Olympic Championship. Sweden won its first gold medal, becoming the sixth nation to ever win Olympic ice hockey gold. The tournament, held from 12 February to 27 February, was played at Fjellhallen in Gjøvik and the Håkons Hall in Lillehammer. This was the last Olympic ice hockey competition with no women's tournament as it debuted in 1998.
Stephen Ehikian
Stephen Ehikian (born 1980 or 1981) is the chief executive officer of C3 AI, an enterprise artificial intelligence company, and a former government official during the Trump administration between January and September 2025. Ehikian was appointed Acting Administrator and Deputy Administrator of the General Services Administration (GSA) on January 21, 2025. In March 2025, he delegated the responsibilities of deputy administrator to senior adviser Mike Lynch. In July 2025, he was replaced as acting administrator by Michael Rigas, but remained at GSA in his role as deputy administrator. Prior to GSA, Ehikian was the Vice President of AI Products at Salesforce and cofounded a startup named Airkit.ai.

On September 2, 2025, Ehikian announced that he would be stepping down from his role as GSA deputy administrator. On September 3, C3 AI announced that Ehikian had been appointed CEO effective September 1.

Salesforce
Salesforce, Inc., is an American cloud-based software company headquartered in San Francisco, California. It provides applications focused on sales, customer service, marketing automation, e-commerce, analytics, artificial intelligence, agentic AI, and application development.

Founded by former Oracle executive Marc Benioff in March 1999, Salesforce grew quickly, making its initial public offering in 2004. As of September 2025, Salesforce is the 61st largest company in the world by market cap with a value of nearly US$238 billion. It became the world's largest enterprise applications firm in 2022. Salesforce ranked 491st on the 2023 edition of the Fortune 500, making $31.352 billion in revenue. Since 2020, Salesforce has also been a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average
Wysokie, Gmina Wysokie
Wysokie [vɨˈsɔkʲɛ] is a village in Lublin County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Wysokie.

Between 500 and 700 Jews from the town were murdered during the Holocaust, and 320 Jews from Lublin were deported to Wysokie in March, 1941. This group, along with local Jews, were murdered in the gas chambers at Sobibór in May 1942. In April, 1942, 500 Jews from the town of Wysokie were deported to Turobin ghetto, from which they were sent to Sobibór extermination camp. Some Jews from nearby Turobin had been sent to Wysokie ghetto as well. In the fall of 1942, the remaining Jews in the town were sent to Izbica ghetto, from where they were sent to Bełżec extermination camp. The Jewish community ceased to exist.

Izbica
Izbica pronounced ['izˈbit͡sa] (Yiddish: איזשביצע Izhbitz, Izhbitze) is a town in the Krasnystaw County of the Lublin Voivodeship in eastern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina administrative district called Gmina Izbica. It has a population of 1,933.
Sam Naffziger
Samuel Naffziger is an American electrical engineer who has been employed at Advanced Micro Devices in Fort Collins, Colorado since 2006. He was named a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2014 for his leadership in the development of power management and low-power processor technologies. He is also the Senior Vice President and Product Technology Architect at AMD.

Low-power electronics
Low-power electronics are electronics designed to consume less electrical power than usual, often at some expense. For example, notebook processors usually consume less power than their desktop counterparts, at the expense of computer performance.
Rafael Ragos
Rafael Marcos Zarzozo Ragos (March 18, 1955 – August 12, 2025) was a Filipino lawyer and government official who served as officer-in-charge of the Bureau of Corrections (BuCor) from November 2012 to March 2013. He was also a deputy director of the National Bureau of Investigation (NBI).

Ragos was a key witness in one of the drug trafficking cases filed against former senator Leila de Lima, but later recanted his testimony, claiming he was coerced by senior officials. His recantation played a role in De Lima’s acquittal in 2023.

Bureau of Corrections (Philippines)
The Bureau of Corrections (BuCor /ˈbjʊ.kɔːr/; Filipino: Kawanihan ng Koreksiyon; formerly the Bureau of Prisons from 1905 to 1989) is an agency of the Department of Justice which is charged with the custody and rehabilitation of national offenders, commonly known as Persons Deprived of Liberty (PDL), who have been sentenced to three years of imprisonment or more. The agency has its headquarters in the New Bilibid Prison Reservation in Muntinlupa.
Veerannapalem
Veerannapalem is a small village and a panchyat located in the Parchur mandal of the Prakasam district, in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India.
It is used to be a village in the Guntur district, but in 1970 became part of the Prakasam district. The village is situated 23 kilometres (14 miles) from Chirala.

Prakasam district
Prakasam district named in honour of Tanguturi Prakasam is in the coastal Andhra region of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It was reorganised on 4 April 2022 and 31 December 2025. The headquarters of the district is Ongole.  It is bounded by Bapatla, Palnadu, Markapuram, Sri Potti Sriramulu Nellore districts and Bay of Bengal.
Sammamish High School
Sammamish High School (commonly Sammamish or SHS) is a public secondary school in Bellevue, Washington, United States, serving students in grades 9–12. Opened in 1959, the school was the second of the four traditional high schools in the Bellevue School District, with admission based primarily on the locations of students' homes. The school was entirely rebuilt over two renovations completed, respectively, in 2004 and 2017.
The school's nickname is the Redhawks, the mascot is the Bird, and its colors are red, black, and white.

Sammamish generally serves students from the east zone of the district, but students from outside its attendance area can enroll at the school through its open enrollment policy. Sammamish High's feeder elementary schools are Cherry Crest, Stevenson, Lake Hills, Phantom Lake, and Spiritridge. Its feeder middle schools are Odle and Tillicum.

Educational stage
Educational stages are subdivisions of formal learning, typically covering early childhood education, primary education, secondary education and tertiary education. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) recognizes nine levels of education in its International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) system (from Level 0 (pre-primary education) through Level 8 (doctoral)). UNESCO's International Bureau of Education maintains a database of country-specific education systems and their stages. Some countries divide levels of study into grades or forms for school children in the same year.
2019 Osaka mayoral election
The 2019 Osaka mayoral election was held on 7 April 2019 to elect the next mayor of Osaka. Incumbent mayor Hirofumi Yoshimura decided to not seek a second term as mayor of Osaka in order to run as Governor of Osaka. The result of the election was a victory for Governor of Osaka Prefecture Ichiro Matsui. He received 58% of the vote.

Hirofumi Yoshimura
Hirofumi Yoshimura (吉村 洋文, Yoshimura Hirofumi; born 17 June 1975) is a Japanese politician currently serving as the Leader of Japan Innovation Party since December 2024 and the governor of Osaka Prefecture since 2019. He has been described as a conservative.
Once Upon a Time in Madras
Once Upon a Time in Madras is a 2024 Indian Tamil-language hyperlink thriller film written and directed by Prasadh Murugan. The film features an ensemble cast consisting of Bharath, Shaan, Abhirami, Thalaivasal Vijay, Rajaji, Anjali Nair, and Pavithra Lakshmi in important roles. The film is produced by Captain MP Anand under Friday Film Factory, and co-produced by Haroon, Bala, and PGS. The film's technical crew includes editor San Lokesh, cinematographers K. S. Kalidoss and R. Kannan, and music composer Jose Franklin.

Once Upon A Time in Madras was released in theatres on 13 December 2024.

Anjali Nair (actress, born 1995)
Anjali Nair is an Indian actress who has worked in Tamil films. After making her debut in the Tamil film Nedunalvaadai (2019), she has been seen in films including Taanakkaran (2022) and Kaalangalil Aval Vasantham (2022).