hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Christ Church, Bacup
The former Christ Church building - now known as Rossendale Digital Bacup Campus - is in Beech Street, off Todmorden Road, Bacup, Lancashire, England. It is a former Anglican parish church in the deanery of Rossendale, the archdeaconry of Bolton and the diocese of Manchester and has been acquired by a local business to convert into Rossendale's first dedicated digital centre. The church is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building.

Anglican Diocese of Manchester
The Diocese of Manchester is a Church of England diocese in the Province of York, England. Based in the city of Manchester, the diocese covers much of the county of Greater Manchester and small areas of the counties of Lancashire and Cheshire.
2024 Chicago Marathon
The 2024 Chicago Marathon was the 46th edition of the annual Chicago Marathon, held on October 13, 2024. The race is the fifth of six World Marathon Majors held in 2024, and is a platinum label race.

The marathon had 120,000 applications in 2024. The number of finishers was 52,150, breaking the 48,398 finisher record set in 2023. Notably, in June, the race organizers announced a reduction in the automatic time qualifying standard that will begin in 2025.

A moment of silence was held at the start of the race in honor of the 2023 race winner, course and world record holder, Kelvin Kiptum, who died in February 2024.

Sutume Kebede
Sutume Asefa Kebede is a long-distance runner from Ethiopia.  She won the 2024 Houston Half Marathon, the 2023 Kolkata 25K, the 2019 Beijing Marathon, the 2024 Tokyo Marathon and the 2025 Tokyo Marathon..
Stochastic electrodynamics
Stochastic electrodynamics (SED) extends classical electrodynamics (CED) of theoretical physics by adding the hypothesis of a classical Lorentz invariant radiation field having statistical properties similar to that of the electromagnetic zero-point field (ZPF) of quantum electrodynamics (QED).

Quantum electrodynamics
In particle physics, quantum electrodynamics (QED) is the relativistic quantum field theory of electrodynamics. In essence, it describes how light and matter interact and is the first theory where full agreement between quantum mechanics and special relativity is achieved. QED mathematically describes all phenomena involving electrically charged particles interacting by means of exchange of photons and represents the quantum counterpart of classical electromagnetism giving a complete account of matter and light interaction.

In technical terms, QED can be described as a perturbation theory of the electromagnetic quantum vacuum. Richard Feynman called it "the jewel of physics" for its extremely accurate predictions of quantities like the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron and the Lamb shift of the energy levels of hydrogen.: Ch1  It is the most precise and stringently tested theory in physics.
Lithol Rubine BK
Lithol Rubine BK is a reddish synthetic azo dye. It has the appearance of a red powder and is magenta when printed.  It is slightly soluble in hot water, insoluble in cold water, and insoluble in ethanol. When dissolved in dimethylformamide, its absorption maximum lies at about 442 nm. It is usually supplied as a calcium salt.  It is prepared by azo coupling with 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid.
It is used to dye plastics, paints, printing inks, and for textile printing. It is normally used as a standard magenta in the three and four color printing processes.

When used as a food dye, it has E number E180. It is used to color cheese rind, and it is a component in some lip balms.

Azo dye
Azo dyes are organic compounds bearing the functional group R−N=N−R′, in which R and R′ are usually aryl and substituted aryl groups. They are a commercially important family of azo compounds, i.e. compounds containing the C−N=N−C linkage. Azo dyes are synthetic dyes and do not occur naturally. Most azo dyes contain only one azo group but there are some that contain two or three azo groups, called "diazo dyes" and "triazo dyes" respectively. Azo dyes comprise 60–70% of all dyes used in food and textile industries. Azo dyes are widely used to treat textiles,  leather articles, and some foods. Chemically related derivatives of azo dyes include azo pigments, which are insoluble in water and other solvents.
St. Lucie Inlet
The St. Lucie Inlet is located between Hutchinson Island and Jupiter Island in Martin County, Florida, at coordinates 27°09′58″N 80°09′24″W﻿ / ﻿27.16611°N 80.15667°W﻿ / 27.16611; -80.15667. The St. Lucie Inlet is one of six inlets into the Indian River Lagoon.

South of the inlet is the St. Lucie Inlet State Park with hard and soft coral reefs. Just to the north of the inlet is Bathtub Beach Reef, a sabellariid worm reef. The beaches along Hutchinson Island are the third highest nesting beaches in the Western Hemisphere for the loggerhead sea turtle.

Hutchinson Island (Florida)
Hutchinson Island consists of two barrier islands on the coast of Martin, St. Lucie, and Indian River counties, in Florida. The two islands are separated by the Fort Pierce Inlet and are known as "North Hutchinson Island" and "South Hutchinson Island".
Nokia M1122
The Nokia M1122 is a 4-port ADSL router that is known to have been sold in Europe and New Zealand in 2000–2002. In addition to its main task, it can operate as a 10 Mbit/s Ethernet hub in a local area network.

The M1122 had a sister model, Nokia MW1122, with Wireless LAN capabilities. They were the last ADSL routers manufactured by Nokia. In the last half of 2002 the model was discontinued along with the rest of Nokia's ADSL router operations.

ADSL
Asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL) is a type of digital subscriber line (DSL) technology, a data communications technology that enables faster data transmission over copper telephone lines than a conventional voiceband modem can provide. ADSL differs from the less common symmetric digital subscriber line (SDSL). In ADSL, bandwidth and bit rate are said to be asymmetric, meaning greater toward the customer premises (downstream) than the reverse (upstream). Providers usually market ADSL as an Internet access service primarily for downloading content from the Internet, but not for serving content accessed by others.
Gilbert Mountain
Gilbert Mountain is an 8,023-foot (2,445-metre) massif located in Okanogan County in Washington state. It is part of the Methow Mountains which are a subrange of the North Cascades. The mountain is situated within the Lake Chelan-Sawtooth Wilderness which is managed by Okanogan–Wenatchee National Forest. The northwestern extreme of the Gilbert massif connects to the southern end of Kangaroo Ridge. Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains into the Twisp River. Topographic relief is significant as it rises over 4,000 feet (1,200 meters) above the river in approximately one mile.

Lake Chelan-Sawtooth Wilderness
The Lake Chelan-Sawtooth Wilderness is a 153,057-acre (61,940 ha) protected wilderness area located within the Okanogan and Wenatchee national forests in Washington State. The wilderness borders Lake Chelan National Recreation Area and North Cascades National Park and the Stephen Mather Wilderness to the northwest. It was designated with the passage of the Washington Wilderness Act of 1984, on lands occupied by the old Chelan Division of the Washington Forest Reserve, now part of both the Okanogan and Wenatchee national forests.
Email tracking
Email tracking or email tracker is a method for monitoring whether the email message is read by the intended recipient. Most tracking technologies use some form of digitally time-stamped record to reveal the exact time and date when an email is received or opened, as well as the IP address of the recipient.

Email tracking is useful when the sender wants to know whether the intended recipient actually received the email or clicked the links. However, due to the nature of the technology, email tracking cannot be considered an absolutely accurate indicator that a message was opened or read by the recipient.

Most email marketing software provides tracking features, sometimes in aggregate (e.g., click-through rate), and sometimes on an individual basis.

Microsoft Outlook
Microsoft Outlook is a personal information manager software system from Microsoft, available as a part of the Microsoft 365 software suite. Primarily popular as an email client for businesses, Outlook also includes functions such as calendaring, task managing, contact managing, note-taking, journal logging, web browsing, and RSS news aggregation.

Individuals can use Outlook as a stand-alone application; organizations can deploy it as multi-user software (through Microsoft Exchange Server or SharePoint) for shared functions such as mailboxes, calendars, folders, data aggregation (i.e., SharePoint lists), and as appointment scheduling apps.
1026 Manju tsunami
The 1026 Manju tsunami affected the Sea of Japan coast of the then Iwami Province on June 16. Considered one of the largest tsunamis in the Sea of Japan, it generated a tsunami with waves of 10 m (33 ft) at present-day Masuda, Shimane. Off the coast, an island reportedly sank because of the waves. More than 1,000 people were killed, and 3,000 homes were destroyed. The source of the tsunami has been debated between an earthquake or undersea landslide.

Masuda, Shimane
Masuda (益田市, Masuda-shi) is a city located in Shimane Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 July 2023, the city had an estimated population of 43,885 in 21,249 households and a population density of 60 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 733.19 square kilometres (283.09 sq mi).
Smiggers Island
Smiggers Island (65°27′S 65°21′W﻿ / ﻿65.450°S 65.350°W﻿ / -65.450; -65.350) is an island lying 1 nautical mile (1.9 km) southeast of Weller Island, Pitt Islands, in the Biscoe Islands. Photographed by Hunting Aerosurveys Ltd. in 1956, and mapped from these photos by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS). Named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) in 1959 after Joseph Smiggers, Esquire, Perpetual Vice President of the Pickwick Club in Charles Dickens' Pickwick Papers.

Weller Island
Weller Island (65°27′S 65°24′W﻿ / ﻿65.450°S 65.400°W﻿ / -65.450; -65.400) is an island lying east of Snodgrass Island, Pitt Islands, in the Biscoe Islands. Shown on an Argentine government chart of 1957. Named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) in 1959 after Samuel Weller, Mr. Pickwick's servant in Charles Dickens' Pickwick Papers.
Libyan Desert
24°N 25°E﻿ / ﻿24°N 25°E﻿ / 24; 25

The Libyan Desert (not to be confused with the Libyan Sahara) is a geographical region filling the northeastern Sahara Desert, from eastern Libya to the Western Desert of Egypt and far northwestern Sudan approximately 1,300,000 km2. On medieval maps, its use predates today's Sahara, and parts of the Libyan Desert include the Sahara's most arid and least populated regions; this is chiefly what sets the Libyan Desert apart from the greater Sahara. The consequent absence of grazing, and near absence of waterholes or wells needed to sustain camel caravans, prevented Trans-Saharan trade between Kharga (the Darb al Arbein) close to the Nile, and Murzuk in the Libyan Fezzan. This obscurity saw the region overlooked by early European explorers, and it was not until the early 20th century and the advent of the motor car before the Libyan Desert started to be fully explored.

Libyan Sands
Libyan Sands: Travel in a Dead World (first published 1935; reprinted by Eland in 2010) is a travel book by Ralph A. Bagnold, founder of the British Army's Long Range Desert Group in the Second World War. Sahara expert Eamonn Gearon called it "without question, the classic work of 20th-century Saharan exploration". The book is a first-hand account of Bagnold's pioneering adventures driving Model T Ford automobiles around in the Saharan desert during his time in the British army. The work takes place in the period just prior to World War II. It is still considered a classic work, and in 2010, it was reissued by Eland.
Theodoric of Mont d'Hor
Saint Thierry or Theodoric of Mont d'Hor (or Theudric, Thierri); Born in march 9; died 533) was a disciple of Saint Remigius who became abbot of Saint-Thierry Abbey, near Reims, France.
His feast day is 1 July.

Saint Remigius
Remigius (French: Remy or Rémi; c. 437 – 13 January 533) was the Bishop of Reims and "Apostle of the Franks". On 25 December 496, he baptised Clovis I, King of the Franks. The baptism, leading to about 3000 additional converts, was an important event in the Christianization of the Franks. Because of Clovis's efforts, a large number of churches were established in the formerly pagan lands of the Frankish empire, establishing a Nicene Christianity for the first time in Germanic lands, most of whom had been converted to Arian Christianity.
Felicitas and Gonzalo Mendez High School
Felicitas and Gonzalo Mendez High School is a public high school in the Boyle Heights neighborhood of Los Angeles, California, United States. It is also known as Felicitas and Gonzalo Mendez Learning Center.

Boyle Heights, Los Angeles
Boyle Heights is a neighborhood in Los Angeles, California, located east of the Los Angeles River. It is one of the city's most notable and historic Chicano/Mexican American communities, and is home to cultural landmarks like Mariachi Plaza and events like the annual Día de los Muertos celebrations.
Steven M. Cohen
Steven M. Cohen (born April 3, 1950) is an American sociologist whose work focuses on the American Jewish community. He served as a research professor of Jewish Social Policy at Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion and as Director of the Berman Jewish Policy Archive at Stanford University before his July 2018 resignation stemming from allegations of sexual harassment.

18Doors
18Doors is an American non-profit organization that provides assistance to Jewish interfaith families.

The predecessor to 18Doors was an online magazine founded in 1998 with a focus on helping Jewish interfaith families. In 2001, it was renamed InterfaithFamily and expanded its content to news and resources relevant to the interfaith community. In February 2020, it was renamed 18Doors. In addition to its online magazine, 18Doors has expanded to provide training and clergy to assist interfaith families in connecting Jewish life and Judaism. The organization developed the Rukin Rabbinic Fellowship program to appoint rabbis from the Reform, Conservative, Reconstructionist, and Humanist movements of Judaism to coordinate its interfaith efforts nationwide. As of April 2021, 18Doors had fellows in 22 American cities.
Winding Paths
Winding Paths is a book containing a collection of photographs taken by British author Bruce Chatwin during his various travels. These include photographs from the period when he was writing his other works: In Patagonia, The Viceroy of Ouidah, On the Black Hill, The Songlines and Utz.

Utz (novel)
Utz is a novel written by the British author Bruce Chatwin, first published in 1988. The novel follows the fortunes of Kaspar Utz who lives in Czechoslovakia during the Cold War. Utz is a collector of Meissen porcelain and finds a way to travel outside the Eastern Bloc to acquire new pieces. Whilst in the West, Utz often considers defecting but he would be unable to take his collection with him and so, a prisoner of his collection, he is unable to leave. Utz was shortlisted for the 1988 Booker Prize.
Battle of Komarno
The Battle of Komarno took place on October 9, 1672, during the Polish-Ottoman War (1672-1676). It was part of Jan III Sobieski’s autumn expedition, aimed at destruction of mounted Tatar units, which plundered southeastern provinces of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

Hradivka, Lviv Oblast
Hradivka  (the former name —  Hoshany ), (Ukrainian: Гра́дівка, Гоша́ни) is a selo (village) in Lviv Raion, Lviv Oblast (province) of western Ukraine. It belongs to Horodok urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.
Local government — Hradivska village council. The population of the village numbers approximately 1400 people.
Honorific
An honorific is a title that conveys esteem, courtesy, or respect for position or rank when used in addressing or referring to a person. Sometimes, the term "honorific" is used in a more specific sense to refer to an honorary academic title. It is also often conflated with systems of honorific speech in linguistics, which are grammatical or morphological ways of encoding the relative social status of speakers. Honorifics can be used as prefixes or suffixes depending on the appropriate occasion and presentation in accordance with style and customs.

Typically, honorifics are used as a style in the grammatical third person, and as a form of address in the second person. Some languages have anti-honorific (despective or humilific) first person forms (expressions such as "your most humble servant" or "this unworthy person") whose effect is to enhance the relative honor accorded to the person addressed.

Ms.
Ms. (American English) or Ms (British English; normally /ˈmɪz/, but also /məz/, or /məs/ when unstressed) is an English-language honorific used with the last name or full name of a woman, intended as a default form of address for women regardless of marital status. Like Miss and Mrs., the term Ms. has its origins in the female English title once used for all women, Mistress, the feminine form of Mister and Master. It originated in the 17th century and was revived into mainstream usage in the 20th century. Its usage remains controversial in Britain, with many style guides recommending not to use it unless specifically requested to.

It is followed by a full stop, or period, in Canada and the United States, but not in many other English-speaking countries.
Pleystowe Sugar Mill
Pleystowe Sugar Mill is a former sugar mill in Pleystowe, Mackay Region, Queensland, Australia. It is owned by Mackay Sugar. It closed in October 2008 after 139 years, having been the oldest operating sugar mill in Australia at the time of its closure. However, the site continues to provide a number of centralised services to other operating mills within the Mackay Sugar group.

Mackay Region
The Mackay Region is a local government area located in North Queensland, Queensland, Australia. Established in 2008, it was preceded by three previous local government areas with modern histories extending back as far as 1869.

It has an estimated operating budget of A$118 million.

In the 2021 census, the Mackay Region had a population of 121,691 people.
Project Jonah
Project Jonah is an international environmental organisation whose New Zealand branch was established in 1974 by Joan McIntyre. It specialises in the protection and conservation of marine mammals (whales, dolphins and seals).

The key areas in which they work is rescuing stranded marine mammals, advocacy for marine mammals, ensuring compliance with legislation. They are regularly involved in rescuing stranded whales around New Zealand. New Zealand has one of the highest rates of whale strandings with the beached whales, and marine mammals in general, being the responsibility of the Department of Conservation.

Project Jonah gave a major impetus for the government to create the Marine Mammals Protection Act 1978.

Department of Conservation (New Zealand)
The Department of Conservation (DOC; Māori: Te Papa Atawhai) is the public service department of New Zealand charged with the conservation of New Zealand's natural and historical heritage.

An advisory body, the New Zealand Conservation Authority (NZCA) is provided to advise DOC and its ministers.  In addition there are 15 conservation boards for different areas around the country that provide for interaction between DOC and the public.
1995 Speedway Grand Prix of Austria
The 1995 Speedway Grand Prix of Austria was the second race of the 1995 Speedway Grand Prix season. It took place on 17 June in the Stadion Wiener Neustadt (called the ÖAMTC Zweigverein Stadium at the time for sponsorship reasons) in Wiener Neustadt, Austria.

1995 Speedway Grand Prix
The 1995 Speedway Grand Prix was the 50th edition of the official World Championship to determine the world champion rider.

It was the first season in the Speedway Grand Prix era used to determine the Speedway World Champion. The Grand Prix series was won by Hans Nielsen; it was his fourth World Champion title.
History of Hanover (region)
Hanover (German: Hannover) is a territory that was at various times a principality within the Holy Roman Empire, an Electorate within the same, an independent Kingdom, and a subordinate Province within the Kingdom of Prussia. The territory was named after its capital, the city of Hanover, which was the principal town of the region from 1636. In contemporary usage, the name is used only for the city. Most of the historical territory of Hanover forms the greater part of the German state of Lower Saxony but excludes certain areas.

Ernest Augustus, Elector of Hanover
Ernest Augustus (German: Ernst August; 20 November 1629 – 23 January 1698), Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, was Prince of Calenberg from 1679 until his death, and father of George I of Great Britain. He was appointed as the ninth prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire in 1692.

He was also ruler of the Prince-Bishopric of Osnabrück from 1662 until his death.
Discovery (law)
Discovery, in the law of common law jurisdictions, is a phase of pretrial procedure in a lawsuit in which each party, through the law of civil procedure, can obtain evidence from other parties. This is by means of methods of discovery such as interrogatories, requests for production of documents, requests for admissions and depositions.  Discovery can be obtained from nonparties using subpoenas.  When a discovery request is objected to, the requesting party may seek the assistance of the court by filing a motion to compel discovery. Conversely, a party or nonparty resisting discovery can seek the assistance of the court by filing a motion for a protective order.

Federal judiciary of the United States
The federal judiciary of the United States is one of the three branches of the  U.S. federal government organized under the U.S. Constitution and laws of the federal government. The U.S. federal judiciary does not include any state court (which includes local courts), which are completely independent from the federal government. The U.S. federal judiciary consists primarily of the U.S. Supreme Court, the U.S. courts of appeals, and the U.S. district courts. It also includes a variety of other lesser federal tribunals.

Article III of the Constitution requires the establishment of a Supreme Court and permits the Congress to create other federal courts and place limitations on their jurisdiction. Article III states that federal judges are appointed by the president with the consent of the Senate to serve until they resign, are impeached and convicted, or die.
CoinEx
CoinEx is a global cryptocurrency exchange founded in 2017 by blockchain mining pool ViaBTC. It lists cryptocurrencies for trading and issues the CoinEx Token (CET), used on the platform for fee discounts, staking, and governance.

Cryptocurrency exchange
A cryptocurrency exchange, or a digital currency exchange (DCE), is a business that allows customers to trade cryptocurrencies or digital currencies for other assets, such as conventional fiat money or other digital currencies. Exchanges may accept credit card payments, wire transfers or other forms of payment in exchange for digital currencies or cryptocurrencies. A cryptocurrency exchange can be a market maker that typically takes the bid–ask spreads as a transaction commission for its service or, as a matching platform, simply charges fees.

Some brokerages which also focus on other assets such as stocks, let users purchase but not withdraw cryptocurrencies to cryptocurrency wallets while dedicated cryptocurrency exchanges do allow cryptocurrency withdrawals.