hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Warner Earll
Warner Earll (c. 1814 – January 10, 1888) was a justice of the Supreme Court of Nevada from 1875 to 1877.

In the general election of 1874, Earll was elected to fill out the balance of the unexpired term of John Garber, defeating incumbent C. H. Belknap, who had been temporarily appointed to the seat. Earll served but two years and was not a candidate to succeed himself.

At the election of 1876, O. R. Leonard was elected to succeed Earll and was re-elected in 1882, defeating M. Kirkpatrick and M. N. Stone, respectively.

Earll died at his home in San Luis Obispo, California, at the age of 73. A tribute to his memory, worth and ability was pronounced by Justice Thomas Porter Hawley and appears in the 19 Nevada Reports. Earll had a son, Arthur, who was also a lawyer, and who had practiced law in his father's firm for a time. Arthur died in 1889, shortly after being elected district attorney.

Supreme Court of Nevada
The Supreme Court of Nevada is the highest state court of the U.S. state of Nevada, and the head of the Nevada Judiciary. The main constitutional function of the Supreme Court is to review appeals made directly from the decisions of the district courts. The Supreme Court does not pursue fact-finding by conducting trials, but rather determines whether legal errors were committed in the rendering of the lower court's decision. While the Court must consider all cases filed, it has the discretion to send appeals to the Nevada Court of Appeals for final resolution, as well as the power to determine the jurisdiction of that court.

There are seven Justices on the court, who are elected to six-year terms in officially nonpartisan elections and who are not subject to term limits, which were rejected by voters in 1996. The Governor appoints Justices in the case of a vacancy. The most senior justice becomes Chief Justice for a two-year term.
East Vättern Scarp Landscape Biosphere Reserve
The East Vättern Scarp Landscape (Swedish: Östra Vätterbranterna) Biosphere Reserve (established 2012) is a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve in Sweden.  The 105,520 hectares (407.4 sq mi) reserve is a distinct example of the landscape in the central part of southern Sweden. The East Vättern Scarp Landscape contains many parallel fault scarps, most notably a steep western-facing precipice above the eastern border of Lake Vättern. This rugged landscape, cut by many small waterways, is dominated by agriculture and forestry lands, with villages and settlements consisting of small farms and individual homes. The reserve includes portions of Vättern and other deep lakes. The core area is 2,120 hectares (8.2 sq mi), surrounded by buffer zone(s) of 41,800 hectares (161 sq mi) and transition area(s) of 61,600 hectares (238 sq mi).

Vättern
Vättern (/ˈvɛtərn/ VET-ərn, Swedish: [ˈvɛ̌tːɛɳ]) is the second-largest lake in Sweden, after Vänern, and the sixth-largest lake in Europe. It is a long, finger-shaped body of fresh water in south central Sweden, to the southeast of Vänern, pointing at the tip of Scandinavia. Vättern is deep, containing roughly half as much water as Vänern even though it covers about a third as much area; its deepest point is 128 metres (420 ft) below sea level.

Vättern drains into Motala ström through Bråviken into the Baltic Sea, but since 1832 it has also had a downstream connection through the Göta Canal to Vänern and the Kattegat tributary of the Atlantic Ocean. The lake has plenty of sources from rivers and small lakes, with the highest located sources being near Nässjö on the South Swedish Highland near the southeastern shoreline.
Jeff Pescetto
Jeffrey Pescetto (born November 21, 1954) is an American musical artist who is most notable for collaborating with David Foster on the 1990 recreation of John Farnham's Australian single, "You're the Voice". Pescetto lent the vocals to Foster's pianism on the latter's River of Love album.

He has also written and sung songs for various movie soundtracks. His credits include Licence to Kill, Honey, I Shrunk the Kids, and Breakdown. He has also sung Tekken 5's opening song "Sparking" alongside Tom Leonard. He is also well known for being the singer of the theme songs to the 1980s Disney cartoon series Chip 'n Dale: Rescue Rangers and DuckTales, both composed by Mark Mueller (Rescue Rangers theme was also produced by Alf Clausen).

In 1990, he co-wrote the album track "Rescue Me" along with Charles Olins and Steve Dubin for American singer Alisha, included on the album Bounce Back.

Alf Clausen
Alf Faye Heiberg Clausen (March 28, 1941 – May 29, 2025) was an American film and television composer. He is best known for his work scoring many episodes of The Simpsons, for which he was the sole composer between 1990 and 2017. Clausen scored or orchestrated music for more than 30 films and television shows, including Moonlighting, The Naked Gun, ALF and Ferris Bueller's Day Off. Clausen received an Honorary Doctorate of Music from Berklee College of Music in 1996.
Rahul Ram
Rahul Ram is an Indian bass guitarist, social activist and music composer. He plays bass guitar for musical band Indian Ocean, which he joined in 1991. He is also one of the three members of 'Aisi Taisi Democracy,' along with Varun Grover and Sanjay Rajoura.

Gulaal (film)
Gulaal (gulal, Crimson) is a 2009 Indian Hindi-language political drama film written and directed by Anurag Kashyap, starring Raj Singh Chaudhary, Kay Kay Menon, Abhimanyu Singh, Deepak Dobriyal, Ayesha Mohan, Jesse Randhawa, Piyush Mishra and Aditya Srivastava. It explores themes such as pursuit of power, quest for legitimacy, perceived injustices and hypocrisy of the powerful. The film is set in present-day Rajasthan, a state in northwestern India. The plot is provided by student politics of a university and a fictitious secessionist movement consisting of former Rajput leaders who have become present-day elite. Gulaal was initially stalled due to financial concerns but was later released with support from Zee Limelight.
Moenadi
Moenadi (EYD: Munadi; 26 December 1923 – 12 January 2013) was an Indonesian military officer and politician who served as the Governor of Central Java between 1966 and 1974. He had previously served in the military, and was a subordinate officer of Suharto.

Indonesian orthography
Indonesian orthography refers to the official spelling system used in the Indonesian language. The current system uses the Latin script and is called Ejaan yang Disempurnakan (EYD), commonly translated as Enhanced Spelling, Perfected Spelling or Improved Spelling.
Trans Ganga City
Trans Ganga City is an under construction satellite township in Indian state of Uttar Pradesh in Kanpur Nagar district which comes under Kanpur metropolitan area. The area comprises stretch from the limits of Unnao Municipality to Ganga river near Kanpur on NH 25 and Unnao-Shuklaganj Highway. The Government of Uttar Pradesh has also proposed Skill Development University near the proposed Hi-tech city. The proposed Kanpur Outer Ring Road will pass from Trans Ganga city which will further connect it to the under construction Lucknow–Kanpur Expressway at Azad Marg Chauraha situated at a distance of 10 kilometres from Trans Ganga.The Kanpur Outer Ring Road shall also be connected with the under construction new terminal of Kanpur Airport by a connector road which  is at the distance of 20 kilometres from Trans Ganga and shall be just 30 minutes drive from the Hi-tech city.

Government of Uttar Pradesh
The Government of Uttar Pradesh (ISO: Uttara Pradēśa Sarakāra; often abbreviated as GoUP) is the subnational government of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh with the governor as its appointed constitutional head of the state by the President of India. The Governor of Uttar Pradesh is appointed for a period of five years and appoints the Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh and their council of ministers, who are vested with the executive powers of the state. The governor remains a ceremonial head of the state, while the chief minister and their council are responsible for day-to-day government functions.

The state of Uttar Pradesh's influence on Indian politics is important, and often paramount and/or a bellwether, as it sends the most members of parliament to both the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha, the state's population being more than 200 million; approximately double that of the next-most populous state.
Gian Giorgio Trissino
Gian Giorgio Trissino (8 July 1478 – 8 December 1550), also called Giovan Giorgio Trissino and self-styled as Giovan Giωrgio Trissino, was a Venetian Renaissance humanist, poet, dramatist, diplomat, grammarian, linguist, and philosopher. He first proposed adding letters to the Italian alphabet to distinguish J from I, and V from U.

V
V, or v, is the twenty-second letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is vee (pronounced /ˈviː/ ⓘ), plural vees.
IND$FILE
IND$FILE is a file transfer program from IBM that was first released in 1983 to allow the transfer of files between an IBM PC running the IBM 3270 emulator (PC/3270) and a VSE, MVS or VM/CMS mainframe. IND$FILE originally worked only with the SEND and RECEIVE commands of the 3270 PC emulator, but today most terminal emulators that have a 3270 mode include it.

In the UK, it is also known as IND£FILE, since in the EBCDIC code pages used in the UK the pound sign occupies the position the dollar sign takes in US codepages.

VM (operating system)
VM, often written VM/CMS, is a family of virtual machine operating systems used on IBM mainframes including the System/370, System/390, IBM Z and compatible systems. It replaced the older CP-67 that formed the basis of the CP/CMS operating system. It was first released as the free Virtual Machine Facility/370 for the S/370 in 1972, followed by chargeable upgrades and versions that added support for new hardware.

VM creates virtual machines into which a conventional operating system may be loaded to allow user programs to run. Originally, that operating system was CMS, a simple single-user system similar to DOS. VM can also be used with a number of other IBM operating systems, including large systems like MVS or VSE, which are often run on their own without VM. In other cases, VM is used with a more specialized operating system or even programs that provided many OS features. These include RSCS and MUMPS, among others.
Luis Hernández (figure skater)
Luis Hernandez Olea (born March 11, 1984, in Guadalajara, Mexico) is a Mexican former competitive figure skater. He was a 6-time Mexican National champion. Representing Mexico at 4 World Championships. In 2008, he placed 15th at the Four Continents Championships. This is the highest finish ever by a male skater from Mexico in the Four Continents Championships. He previously competed at the United States Figure Skating Championships, placing 7th as a novice in 2002 and 11th in 2003. He was formerly coached by Frank Carroll.

Frank Carroll (figure skater)
Francis Michael Carroll (July 11, 1938 – June 9, 2024) was an American figure-skating coach and competitive skater. He had coached three skaters to win the World Figure Skating Championships: Linda Fratianne, Michelle Kwan and Evan Lysacek. Lysacek won the men's Olympic gold medal in 2010 at Vancouver.

Carroll had been inducted into the World Figure Skating Hall of Fame, the United States Figure Skating Hall of Fame and the Professional Skaters Association Coaches Hall of Fame, and was named the 1997 Olympic Coach of the Year.
Roads in Cuba
The road network of Cuba consists of 60,858 km (37,815 mi) of roads, of which over  29,850 km (18,550 mi) are paved and 31,038 km (19,286 mi) are unpaved. The Caribbean country counts also 654 km (406 mi) of motorways (autopistas).

Varadero
Varadero (Spanish pronunciation: [baɾaˈðeɾo]), also referred to as Playa Azul (Blue Beach), is a resort town in the province of Matanzas, Cuba, and one of the largest resort areas in the Caribbean. Varadero Beach is rated one of the world's best beaches in TripAdvisor's Traveler's Choice Awards since 2019, ranking at number 9 as of January 2024. Common activities include fishing and excursions to Matanzas, Cárdenas, and the Península de Zapata.
Biotin—(acetyl-CoA-carboxylase) ligase
Biotin—(acetyl-CoA-carboxylase) ligase, more commonly known as BirA, is a 35kD enzyme found in prokaryotes, most notably Escherichia coli. It plays a central role in the metabolism of biotin (also known as vitamin B7) by performing two distinct functions: it acts as a biotin protein ligase (EC 6.3.4.15), catalyzing the covalent attachment of biotin to its target proteins, and as a transcriptional repressor, controlling the expression of the biotin biosynthesis (bio-)operon.

Due to the high specificity of its ligase activity and the exceptional strength of the resulting biotin-avidin interaction - the binding of biotin and avidin is among the strongest noncovalent interactions known -, BirA has been extensively repurposed as a powerful tool in molecular biology, proteomics, and biotechnology. Engineered variants of BirA are foundational to techniques for site-specific protein labeling and proximity-dependent identification of protein interaction networks.

Repressor
In molecular genetics, a repressor is a DNA- or RNA-binding protein that inhibits the expression of one or more genes by binding to the operator or associated silencers.  A DNA-binding repressor blocks the attachment of RNA polymerase to the promoter, thus preventing transcription of the genes into messenger RNA. An RNA-binding repressor binds to the mRNA and prevents translation of the mRNA into protein.  This blocking or reducing of expression is called repression.
Triangular routing
Triangular routing is a method for transmitting packets of data in communications networks. It uses a form of routing that sends a packet to a proxy system before transmission to the intended destination. Triangular routing is a problem in mobile IP; however, it finds applications in other networking situations, for instance to avoid problems associated with network address translation (NAT), implemented for example by Skype.

Network address translation
Network address translation (NAT) is a method of mapping an IP address space into another by modifying network address information in the IP header of packets while they are in transit across a traffic routing device.  The technique was initially used to bypass the need to assign a new address to every host when a network was moved, or when the upstream Internet service provider was replaced but could not route the network's address space. It is a popular and essential tool in conserving global address space in the face of IPv4 address exhaustion. One Internet-routable IP address of a NAT gateway can be used for an entire private network.

As network address translation modifies the IP address information in packets, NAT implementations may vary in their specific behavior in various addressing cases and their effect on network traffic. Vendors of equipment containing NAT implementations do not commonly document the specifics of NAT behavior.
Mary Grimes (basketball)
Mary Grimes is an American basketball coach and former player who is the head coach of the Binghamton Bearcats women's basketball team. Prior to joining Binghamton, Grimes was head coach at Le Moyne College from 2021 to 2024.

Le Moyne College
Le Moyne College is a private Jesuit college located mostly in DeWitt, New York. It was founded by the Jesuits in 1946 and named after the Jesuit missionary Simon Le Moyne. Le Moyne was the first co-educational Jesuit college in the United States.
Conradin Perner
Conradin Perner (born August 31, 1943) is a Swiss humanist, researcher and author. He became known for his work as a literature professor, ethnographer, delegate of the International Committee of the Red Cross as well as through his engagement in South Sudan. As part of his ethnographic work, he lived with the Anyuak tribe in South Sudan for seven years and wrote a comprehensive monograph on the life and culture of the Anyuak.  Later, he worked for many years as peace advisor to the Swiss government in the then greater Sudan.

Anuak people
The Anyuak, also known as Anyuaa and Anywaa, are a Luo Nilotic ethnic group inhabiting parts of East Africa. The Anuak belong to the larger Luo family group. Their language is referred to as Dha-Anywaa.They primarily reside and are native in the Gambela Region of western Ethiopia, and South Sudan. Group members number between 200,000 and 300,000 people worldwide. Many of the Anyuak people now follow Christianity. It is one of the first of the Nilotic groups to become almost entirely Christian, following the Shilluk people.
148th Infantry Regiment (United States)
The 148th Infantry Regiment is an Ohio Army National Guard parent regiment under the U.S. Army Regimental System, with headquarters at Walbridge, Ohio. It currently consists of the 1st Battalion, 148th Infantry Regiment, an infantry battalion of the 37th Infantry Brigade Combat Team located throughout northwest Ohio.

With history that predates the American Civil War in 1846, the light infantry regiment was officially organized 14 September 1877 in the Ohio Army National Guard from previously established units in Northwestern Ohio as the 16th Infantry Regiment. It exists today under its current naming convention since 15 September 1917 with the redesignation of the 3rd Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry, as part of the 74th Brigade, 37th Infantry Division.

U.S. Army Regimental System
The United States Army Regimental System (USARS) is an organizational and classification system used by the United States Army. It was established in 1981 to replace the Combat Arms Regimental System (CARS) to provide each soldier with continuous identification with a single regiment, and to increase a soldier's probability of serving recurring assignments with their regiment. The USARS was intended to enhance combat effectiveness by providing the opportunity for a regimental affiliation, thus obtaining some of the benefits of the traditional regimental system.
Cartan's criterion
In mathematics, Cartan's criterion gives conditions for a Lie algebra in characteristic 0 to be  solvable, which implies a related criterion for the Lie algebra to be semisimple. It is based on the notion of the Killing form, a symmetric bilinear form on  defined by the formula

where tr denotes the trace of a linear operator. The criterion was introduced by Élie Cartan (1894).

Characteristic (algebra)
In mathematics, the characteristic of a ring R, often denoted char(R), is defined to be the smallest positive number of copies of the ring's multiplicative identity (1) that will sum to the additive identity (0). If no such number exists, the ring is said to have characteristic zero.

That is, char(R) is the smallest positive number n such that:(p 198, Thm. 23.14)

if such a number n exists, and 0 otherwise.
St Paul's Anglican Church, Carlingford
The old St Paul's Church of England sandstone building is a heritage-listed former Anglican church building and former bookshop at 346 Marsden Road, Carlingford, City of Parramatta, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It is also known as The old St Paul's Anglican sandstone building and The Old Church Bookshop. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

Whilst it is sometimes called St Paul's Anglican Church, that is an anachronism. The building was sold before the name of the denomination in Australia changed from "Church of England" to "Anglican". The change came about at least in part due to the church in Australia being autocephalous.

City of Parramatta
The City of Parramatta, also known as Parramatta Council, is a local government area located to the west and north-west of Sydney CBD in the Greater Western Sydney region. Parramatta Council is situated between the City of Ryde and Cumberland, where the Cumberland Plain meets the Hornsby Plateau, approximately 25 kilometres (16 mi) west of the Sydney central business district, in New South Wales, Australia. The city occupies an area of 84 square kilometres (32 sq mi) spanning across suburbs in Greater Western Sydney including the Hills District, and a small section of Northern Sydney to the far north east of its area. According to the 2021 census, City of Parramatta had an estimated population of 256,729. The city houses the Parramatta central business district which is one of the key suburban employment destinations for the region of Greater Western Sydney.
11th LG Cup
The 11th LG Cup professional Go tournament was held in 2006 and 2007 and was won by Zhou Junxun.  It featured:

13 players from  South Korea - Cho Han-seung, Cho Hun-hyun, Choi Cheol-han, Choi Myung-hoon, Hong Min-pyo, Jin Siyoung, Kim Dong-hee, Ko Geuntae, Lee Chang-ho, Lee Se-dol, Park Seung-hyun, Park Yeong-hun, Yun Jun-sang

11 players from  People's Republic of China - Chang Hao, Chen Yaoye, Ding Wei, Gu Li, Hu Yaoyu, Huang Yizhong, Wang Lei, Wang Xi, Xie He, Yu Bin, Zhou Heyang

6 players from  Japan - Cho Chikun, Ko Iso, Kono Rin, So Yokoku, Takao Shinji, Yamashita Keigo

2 players from  Taiwan - Lin Zhihan, Zhou Junxun

Two of the 30 players were given automatic berths: Gu Li, who won the 10th LG Cup, and runner up for the 10th LG Cup, Chen Yaoye.

Lee Chang-ho
Lee Chang-ho (Korean: 이창호; born 29 July 1975) is a South Korean professional Go player of 9-dan rank. Considered to be one of the greatest Go players of all time, Lee was ranked #1 in the world in Go ELO rankings from 1991 to 2006.
Tanaru Indigenous Territory
The Tanaru Indigenous Territory (Portuguese: Terra Indígena Tanaru) is an indigenous territory in the Legal Amazon, with an area of approximately 8,070 hectares (19,900 acres), located in the southeast of the Brazilian state of Rondônia, inhabited by the Tanaru, Kanoê and Akuntsu. The area is registered with the CRI and the Union Heritage Secretariat (SPU) under ordinance no. 1,392 from October 2012 (DOU of 1 November 2012).

The region is named after the nearby Tanaru River, which is a hydronym from the Kanoê or Kwaza language isolates. The National Indigenous People Foundation (FUNAI) operates in this area through the "Cacoal" Regional Coordination and the Guaporé Ethnoenvironmental Protection Front (FPE-Guaporé).

Hydronym
A hydronym (from Greek: ὕδρω, hydrō, "water" and ὄνομα, onoma, "name") is a type of toponym that designates a proper name of a body of water. Hydronyms include the proper names of rivers and streams, lakes and ponds, swamps and marshes, seas and oceans. As a subset of toponymy, a distinctive discipline of hydronymy (or hydronomastics) studies the proper names of all bodies of water, the origins and meanings of those names, and their development and transmission through history.