hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
James Michael Freke Bulkeley
James Michael Freke Bulkeley (1761 – November 13, 1796) was a civil servant and political figure in Nova Scotia. He represented Sydney County from 1786 to 1793 and Halifax County from 1793 to 1796 in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly.

He was the son of Richard Bulkeley and Amy Rous. He succeeded his father as provincial secretary in the province's Council, serving from 1792 to 1796. Bulkeley died in office in Halifax.

Richard Bulkeley (civil servant)
Richard Bulkeley (26 December 1717 – 7 December 1800) was an influential administrator in Nova Scotia from 1749 to 1800. Historian Phyllis Blakeley writes that Bulkeley, "assisted 13 governors and lieutenant governors from Cornwallis to Wentworth. In half a century of service he took part in the founding of Halifax, the immigration of New Englanders and loyalists, and the prosperity of the French revolutionary wars." During his lifetime, known for hosting dignitaries and grand parties, he was known as "the Father of the Province." When he died, he was the last surviving settler who arrived with Cornwallis.
Scamman
Scamman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Doug Scamman, American farmer and politician

John Fairfield Scamman (1786–1858), American politician

Seth Scamman (1811–1894), American farmer, educator and politician

Stella Scamman, American farmer, teacher and politician

John F. Scamman
John Fairfield Scamman (or Scammon) (October 24, 1786 – May 22, 1858) was a United States representative from Maine.  He was born in Wells, Massachusetts (now in Maine) on October 24, 1786.  He attended the common schools, then engaged in mercantile pursuits.
James J. Hurley
James Julian Hurley (February 3, 1915 – May 30, 2002) was an American businessman and politician.

Hurley was born in Oakland, California and went to San Leandro High School in San Leandro, California. He received his bachelor's degree from University of California in 1948. He served in the United States Navy Reserve. In 1948, he moved to Palmer, Alaska, He worked for the United States Department of Agriculture and was a businessman. Hurley served on the Palmer School Board. He served in the Alaska Constitutional Convention of 1955. He also served in the Alaska House of Representatives in 1958 and was a Democrat. His wife Kate also served in the Alaska Legislature. Hurley died in Hilo, Hawaii.

San Leandro, California
San Leandro (Spanish for "St. Leander") is a city in Alameda County, California, United States. It is located in the East Bay of the San Francisco Bay Area; between Oakland to the northwest, and Ashland, Castro Valley, and Hayward to the southeast. The population was 91,008 as of the 2020 census.
Africaine (1832 ship)
Africaine (or African, or Africanus) was a barque launched in 1831 at Jarrow on the River Tyne in England. In 1836 she carried immigrants as part of the First Fleet of South Australia. She was wrecked on 23 September 1843.

River Tyne
The River Tyne /ˈtaɪn/ ⓘ is a river in North East England. Its length (excluding tributaries) is 73 miles (118 km). It is formed by the North Tyne and the South Tyne, which converge at Warden near Hexham in Northumberland at a place dubbed 'The Meeting of the Waters'.

The Tyne Rivers Trust measure the whole Tyne catchment as 2,936 km2 (1,134 square miles), containing 4,399 km (2,733 miles) of waterways.
Merchants of death
Merchants of death is a pejorative directed at the arms industry and also often at international bankers. It originated in the Great Depression. This theory claimed that an international munitions industry conspired to control the fate of nations via improper influence over government officials. The purpose of this supposed conspiracy was to extract profits from human death. During peacetime, the conspirators would stir up antagonism and war between nations so that they could then arm the combatants and line their pockets with the proceeds. The phrase is a forerunner of the military-industrial complex concept that became popular during the Vietnam War.

Geneva Naval Conference
The Geneva Naval Conference was a conference held to discuss naval arms limitation, held in Geneva, Switzerland, from 20 June to 4 August in 1927. The aim of the conference was to extend the existing limits on naval construction which had been agreed in the Washington Naval Treaty. The Washington Treaty had limited the construction of battleships and aircraft carriers, but had not limited the construction of cruisers, destroyers or submarines.
North-Urengoyskoye gas field
The North-Urengoyskoye gas field is a natural gas field located in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug.  It was discovered in 1966 and developed by and Novatek.  It began production in 1970 and produces natural gas and condensates.  The total proven reserves are around 5.58 trillion cubic feet (1.58×1011 m3), and daily production was slated to be around 407.8 million cubic feet (11,550,000 m3) in 2010.

According to a 2022 report by Climate TRACE, the North-Urengoyskoye gas field is the largest single source of greenhouse gas emissions in Russia. The field continues to operate amid increasing environmental scrutiny and sector-wide challenges related to international sanctions on Russia’s energy industry.

Novatek
Novatek (Russian: ПАО «НОВАТЭК», MCX: NVTK, LSE: NVTK) is Russia's second-largest natural gas producer (behind Gazprom), and the seventh-largest publicly traded company globally by natural gas production volume. The company was originally known as OAO FIK Novafininvest.  Novatek is based in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Region in West Siberia, and maintains a head office in Moscow. In the 2020 Forbes Global 2000, Novatek was ranked as the 316th-largest public company in the world.
John Thronsen
John Thronsen (12 September 1913 – 24 May 2003) was a Norwegian economist.

From 1933 he was a member of the party Nasjonal Samling (so were his brother Thorvald Thronsen, four other siblings, and both parents), and during the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany a career path opened for him. In October 1940 he was appointed as national chief of finance in Nasjonal Samling.

Thronsen was fired in April 1943. The reason was that a corruption case was filed against him, even though he was not found guilty of it. Thronsen claimed that the corruption case was a revenge from Karl Marthinsen and Jørgen Nordvik, whom Thronsen earlier had called out for stealing.

During the legal purge in Norway after World War II he was convicted of treason, and sentenced to eight years of forced labour. He was released already in 1949. He lived in Bærum in his later life.

German occupation of Norway
The occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany during the Second World War began on 9 April 1940 after Operation Weserübung. Conventional armed resistance to the German invasion ended on 10 June 1940, and Nazi Germany controlled Norway until the capitulation of German forces in Europe on 8 May 1945. Throughout this period, a pro-German government named Den nasjonale regjering ('the National Government') ruled Norway, while the Norwegian king Haakon VII and the prewar government escaped to London, where they formed a government in exile. Civil rule was effectively assumed by the Reichskommissariat Norwegen (Reich Commissariat of Norway), which acted in collaboration with the pro-German puppet government. This period of military occupation is, in Norway, referred to as the "war years", "occupation period" or simply "the war".
Colfax, Ohio
Colfax is an  unincorporated community in Pleasant Township, Fairfield County, Ohio, United States. It lies at the intersection of U. S. Route 22 and Lake Road. Located in the east of the county, it lies east of Lancaster (the county seat of Fairfield County) and west of Rushville.

Rushville, Ohio
Rushville is a village in Fairfield County, Ohio, United States. The population was 304 at the 2020 census.  Much of the village is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Rushville Historic District.
Baumea preissii
Baumea preissii is a flowering plant in the sedge family Cyperaceae, which is native to Western Australia.

The robust grass-like plant is rhizomatous and perennial; it typically grows to a height of 0.2 to 2 metres (0.7 to 6.6 ft), and colonises easily. It blooms between July and December, producing purple-brown flowers.

It is found in swamps and on the margins of lakes and creeks along coastal areas in the Wheatbelt, Peel, South West, Great Southern, and Goldfields-Esperance, where it grows in water-logged silty-sand soils.

South West (Western Australia)
The South West region is one of the nine regions of Western Australia. It has an area of 23,970 square kilometres (9,250 sq mi), and a population of about 170,000 people. Bunbury is the main city in the region.
Nadezhda Kouteva
Nadezhda Kouteva (Bulgarian: Надежда Кутева) is a Bulgarian artist with over ten awards in her career. Born in Sofia, Kouteva graduated in Mural Painting from the Academy of Fine Arts “N. Pavlovich”, Sofia in 1971. Ten years later, Kouteva received a full scholarship at the Corcoran School of the Arts and Design in Washington, D.C.

Kouteva's first solo exhibition was in 1975 in Sofia. In the following years, Kouteva had over twenty exhibitions in different countries, including Cyprus, Vietnam, USA, Poland, Japan, Serbia, Macedonia, Slovakia, the Netherlands and Germany.

Corcoran School of the Arts and Design
The Corcoran School of the Arts and Design (known as the Corcoran School or CSAD) is the professional art school of the George Washington University, in Washington, D.C. Founded in 1878, the school is housed in the Corcoran Gallery of Art, the oldest private cultural institution in Washington, located on The Ellipse, facing the White House. The Corcoran School is part of GW's Columbian College of Arts and Sciences and was formerly an independent college, until 2014.
2024–25 EHF European Cup
The 2024–25 EHF European Cup was the 28th season of Europe's tertiary club handball tournament organised by European Handball Federation (EHF), and the 5th season since it was renamed from the Challenge Cup to the EHF European Cup. Valur were the defending champions, but did not defend their title as they played in the EHF European League.

The winners were Macedonian handball club RK Alkaloid, who beat Greek side, AEK Athens HC, after they failed to appear for the second leg, giving RK Alkaloid a forfeit win.

EHF Women's European Cup
The Women's EHF European Cup is an annual team handball competition for women's clubs of Europe. It was known as the EHF City Cup until the 1999–2000 season and the EHF Challenge Cup until the 2019–20 season. It is currently the third-tier competition of European club handball.
CANalyzer
CANalyzer is an analysis software tool from Vector Informatik GmbH. This development software is primarily used by automotive and electronic control unit suppliers to analyze the data traffic in serial bus systems. The most relevant bus systems to CANalyzer are CAN, LIN, FlexRay, Ethernet and MOST, as well as CAN-based protocols such as J1939, CANopen, and ARINC 825.

SAE J1939
Society of Automotive Engineers standard SAE J1939 is the vehicle bus recommended practice used for communication and diagnostics among vehicle components. Originating in the car and heavy-duty truck industry in the United States, it is now widely used in other parts of the world.

SAE J1939 is used in the commercial vehicle area for connection and communication throughout the vehicle, with the physical layer defined in ISO 11898. A different physical layer is used between the tractor and trailer, specified in ISO 11992.
April 1906 Portuguese legislative election
Parliamentary elections were held in Portugal on 29 April 1906. The result was a victory for the Regenerator Party, which won 104 seats. The one elected Portuguese Republican Party MP refused to take his seat in protest at electoral fraud.

Regenerator Party
The Regenerator Party (Portuguese: Partido Regenerador) was a Portuguese political party. Along with their "rivals" the Progressive Party, they dominated politics in the Kingdom of Portugal in the second half of the 19th century and early 20th century. The Regenerator, Progressist, and other political parties in the late Kingdom of Portugal were all run by friends of the king.
Eke Church
Eke Church (Swedish: Eke kyrka) is a medieval church in Eke on the Swedish island of Gotland. The church was built during the 12th and 13th century, with only smaller additions and changes made later. Inside, several medieval murals survive. The church is used by the Church of Sweden and lies in the Diocese of Visby.

Diocese of Visby
The Diocese of Visby (Swedish: Visby stift) is a division of the Church of Sweden consisting of the island of Gotland. Its seat is Visby Cathedral located in the largest town on Gotland, Visby.

The Bishop of Visby is also responsible for the episcopal oversight of the Church of Sweden Abroad (SKUT).
Drosophila funebris
Drosophila funebris is a species of fruit fly. It was originally described by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1787, who placed it in the genus Musca but is now the type species of the paraphyletic genus Drosophila. Drosophila funebris is a member of the Immigrans-tripunctata radiation of the subgenus Drosophila.

It is a cosmopolitan species. It is an exotic species in New Zealand. In Australia it is found in New South Wales, and Victoria.

Johan Christian Fabricius
Johann Christian Fabricius (7 January 1745 – 3 March 1808) was a Danish zoologist, specialising in the "Insecta", which at that time included all arthropods: insects, arachnids, crustaceans and others. He was a student of Carl Linnaeus, and is considered one of the most important entomologists of the 18th century, having named nearly 10,000 species of animals, and established the basis for the modern insect classification.
1766 Istanbul earthquake
The 1766 Istanbul earthquake was a strong earthquake with epicenter in the eastern part of the Sea of Marmara, in the Çınarcık Basin (or near the Princes' Islands, north of the basin) which occurred in the early hours of Thursday morning, 22 May 1766. The earthquake had an estimated magnitude of 7.1 on the surface-wave magnitude scale, and caused effects in a vast area extending from Izmit to Rodosto (now Tekirdağ). In this area, the earthquake was followed by a tsunami which caused significant damage. The earthquake of 1766 was the last major earthquake to rock Istanbul because of a rupture of the North Anatolian Fault in the Marmara region.

Epicenter
The epicenter (/ˈɛpɪˌsɛntər/), epicentre, or epicentrum in seismology is the point on the Earth's surface directly above a hypocenter or focus, the point where an earthquake or an underground explosion originates.
Jacques du Tillet
Jacques du Tillet (1857–1942) was a French writer and critic. He published four novels. He was a theatre critic for the Revue politique et littéraire. In 1895, he wrote a glowing review of actress Gabrielle Réjane, appearing in the American press.

La Revue politique et littéraire
La Revue politique et littéraire, commonly known as the Revue bleue, was a French centre-left political magazine published from 1871 to 1939. It was founded by Eugène Yung (1827–1887). The in-house nickname "revue bleue" was a reference to La Revue scientifique from the same publishers, a scientific magazine which was established 8 years earlier, known from its pink cover as the "revue rose". The headquarters was in Paris. The magazine was published bi-monthly and then monthly.

Émile Faguet was literary critic for the Revue bleue from 1892. Joseph Reinach wrote articles on Balkan politics. Other contributors included René Doumic, Ferdinand Brunetière, Charles Maurras, Léon Cahun, Louis Léger, René Guénon, Robert de Bonnières (Mémoires d’aujourd’hui, 1880), and Paul Eugène Louis Deschanel (La question du Tonkin, 1883).
Ayocuan Cuetzpaltzin
Ayocuan, the son of Cuetzpaltzin the Elder, was from the city of Puebla according to Historia Tolteca-Chichimeca.  His father governed the towns of Cohuayocan and Cuauhtepec during the 15th century.  He lost his domain in 1441 when he suffered a joint attack by the people of Coatlinchan, Cholula, Huexotzinco, and Tlaxcala.  Ayocuan was educated in the town of Quimixtlan.

Historia Tolteca-Chichimeca
The Historia Tolteca-Chichimeca is a 16th-century Nahuatl-language manuscript, dealing with the history of Cuauhtinchan. It is now in the Bibliothèque nationale in Paris.

The text describes the history of the Toltecs and the Chichimecas from before the Chichimecan migration until 1544.

It was written on European paper between 1547 and 1560. In 1976 Kirchhoff, Lina Odena Güemes y Luis Reyes García published a complete list of photographies of the book, accompanied by translation and interpretation. It was not written by Fernando De Alva Ixtlilxóchitl, who wrote the similarly titled Historia de la nación chichimeca.
Jonathan Dunnett
Jonathan "Jono" Dunnett (born 11 March 1974) is a British-born Spanish-based adventurer, writer and windsurfing instructor. In May 2019, he completed a solo expedition to windsurf the European mainland coastline on a windsurfer, landing at Batumi, Georgia.

Windsurfing
Windsurfing is a wind-propelled water sport that is a combination of sailing and surfing. It is also referred to as "sailboarding" and "boardsailing", and emerged in the late 1960s from the Californian aerospace and surf culture. Windsurfing gained a popular following across Europe and North America by the late 1970s and had achieved significant global popularity by the 1980s. Windsurfing became an Olympic sport in 1984.
Xixi Bridge
Xixi Bridge is a 701 metres (2,300 ft) long suspension bridge on the border of Dafang County and Qianxi County in Guizhou, China. The bridge forms part of China National Highway 321 between Bijie and Guiyang. As of 2019, it is among the seventy highest bridges in the world sitting 218 metres (715 ft) above the natural river level. The reservoir from the Hongjiadu Dam on the Liuchong River extends below the bridge and when full, it reduces the clearance below the bridge to 165 metres (541 ft).

Bijie
Bijie (simplified Chinese: 毕节; traditional Chinese: 畢節; pinyin: Bìjíe) is a prefecture-level city in northwestern Guizhou Province, China, bordering Sichuan to the north and Yunnan to the west.

The Daotianhe Reservoir, located to the north of the town was commissioned in 1965 with a rated annual capacity of 6.5 million cubic meters.

On 10 November 2011, the former Bijie Prefecture (毕节地区) was converted to a prefecture-level city, and the former county-level city of Bijie was rechristened Qixingguan District.
2016 European Canoe Slalom Championships
The 2016 European Canoe Slalom Championships took place in Liptovský Mikuláš, Slovakia under the auspices of the European Canoe Association (ECA). It was the 17th edition of the competition and Liptovský Mikuláš hosted the event for the second time after previously hosting it in 2007. The events took place at the Ondrej Cibak Whitewater Slalom Course from 12 to 15 May 2016.

This event also served as the European qualification for the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro.

European Canoe Association
The European Canoe Association (ECA) is the umbrella organization for canoeing sport in Europe. It was founded in Rome, Italy, on December 11, 1993. The organization has 45 member countries. The association was recognized by the International Canoe Federation at the ICF congress in Acapulco in 1994.

In response to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the ECA suspended the participation of Russian and Belarusian athletes, and suspended all officials from Russia and Belarus from officiating at any ECA event and attending or taking part in any ECA meetings. In May 2023, the International Canoe Federation reinstated Russian and Belarusian athletes, shortly after a Russian missile attack forced cancellation of a canoe event in Ukraine.
2012 ARCA Racing Series
The 2012 ARCA Racing Series presented by Menards was the 60th season of the ARCA Racing Series. The season began on February 18 with the Lucas Oil Slick Mist 200 and ended on October 19 with the Kansas ARCA 150. Chris Buescher won the championship over Frank Kimmel by 75 points after a heated battle. Alex Bowman was named Rookie of the Year after battling Brennan Poole all season.

Roulo Brothers Racing
Roulo Brothers Racing is a former American stock car racing team that ran from 1993 to 2016. It primarily fielded entries in the ARCA Racing Series, and was owned by brothers Gary and Russ Roulo. Throughout its history, the team won 32 races and won the series championship in 2012 with future NASCAR Cup Series driver Chris Buescher. The team also fielded entries in the Cup Series from 1993 to 1994.
Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 401
Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 401 (FMVSS 401) is an American standard that establishes the requirement for providing a trunk release mechanism which allows a person trapped inside the trunk compartment of a passenger car to escape. This standard does not apply to vehicles with a hinged back door found on hatchbacks and station wagons. Like all other Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards, FMVSS 401 is administered by the United States Department of Transportation's National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.

This standard specifies requirements for passenger cars that have trunk compartments be equipped with an interior trunk release making it possible for a trapped person to escape from the compartment. The release can be either manual or automatic. If manual, it must be visible from inside the closed trunk and if automatic it must unlatch within five minutes of trunk closure.

Trunk (car)
The trunk (American English) or boot (British English) of a car is the vehicle's main storage or cargo compartment, often a hatch at the rear of the vehicle. It can also be called a tailgate.

In Indian English, the storage area is known as a dickey (also spelled dicky, dickie, or diggy). In Southeast Asia, it is known as a compartment.
Under (Pleasure P song)
"Under" is a song by American R&B singer-songwriter Pleasure P. It was released as the third single off his first studio album The Introduction of Marcus Cooper. The song was co-written and produced by Tank and was released on May 10, 2009. The song received two Grammy nominations for Best Male R&B Vocal Performance and Best R&B Song at the 52nd Grammy Awards in 2010.

Grammy Award for Best R&B Song
The Grammy Award for Best R&B Song (sometimes known as the R&B Songwriter's Award) has been awarded since 1969. From 1969 to 2000, it was known as the Grammy Award for Best Rhythm and Blues Song. Beyoncé has won it a record five times, while Babyface, Stevie Wonder, Bill Withers and Alicia Keys  have three wins each.

The award goes to the songwriter. If the winning song contains samples or interpolations of songs, the original songwriter and publisher can apply for a Winner’s Certificate. Only Stevie Wonder and SZA have won the award back to back. The performing artist does not receive an award unless they are also credited as a songwriter.

Years reflect the year in which the grammy Awards were presented, for music released in the previous year.