hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
English Canada
English Canada or Anglophone Canada generally refers to those parts of Canada where the English language dominates social, cultural, and legal affairs, as opposed to the French language. While English and French are both official languages in Canada, the country's English-speaking society constitutes the linguistic majority in every Canadian province and territory except for Quebec.

Allophone (person)
In Canada, an allophone is a resident whose first language is neither French nor English. The term parallels anglophone and francophone, which designate people whose mother tongues are  English and French, respectively. Some sources do not consider native speakers of Indigenous languages to be allophones.
Philip Tartaglia
Filippo "Philip" Tartaglia (11 January 1951 – 13 January 2021) was a Scottish prelate who served as a bishop of the Catholic Church. He served as Metropolitan Archbishop of Glasgow from 2012 until 2021.  He previously served as Bishop of Paisley.  Prior to his appointment as bishop, he was a professor at seminaries, as well as an assistant pastor and parish priest in the Archdiocese of Glasgow.

He was the eighth Archbishop of Glasgow since the re-establishment of the hierarchy in 1878 following the Reformation.  He was described as a conservative in religious and moral issues.

St Mungo's Academy
St Mungo's Academy is a Roman Catholic, co-educational, comprehensive, secondary school located in Gallowgate, Glasgow. The school was founded in 1858 by the Marist Brothers religious order.

The debate team at St Mungo's were the first Scottish team to represent the UK at the World Parliamentary Debate Competition, which they won.  They were congratulated by First Minister Nicola Sturgeon.
Antrix Corporation
Antrix Corporation Limited (ISO 15919: Ēnṭriks) is an Indian state-owned aerospace company, headquartered in Bengaluru, Karnataka, under the administrative control of the Department of Space. It was incorporated in September 1992, as a commercial and marketing arm of ISRO by prompting, commercially delivering and marketing products and services emanating from ISRO. It provides major technical consultancy services and transfers technologies to industry.

1worldspace
1worldspace, known for most of its existence simply as WorldSpace, is a defunct satellite radio network that in its heyday provided service to over 170,000 subscribers in eastern, southern and northern Africa, the Middle East, and much of Asia with 96% coming from India. It was profitable in India, with 450,000 subscribers.

The two operational satellites that the company had, AfriStar and AsiaStar, are now being used by their new owner, the Yazmi USA, LLC run by WorldSpace's former CEO Noah A. Samara. The company claims to have built the first satellite-to-tablet content delivery system. The system primarily aims at providing educational services to rural areas in developing countries. The first pilots of the technology are said to be taking place in India (with 30,000 licenses) and the sub-Saharan region in Africa, with the latest trials in two schools in South Africa, in Rietkol, in Mpumalanga Province, and at Heathfield, in Western Cape.
Clem Stephenson
Clement Stephenson (6 February 1890 – 24 October 1961) was an English footballer whose 20-year career at Aston Villa and Huddersfield Town included success in both the FA Cup and League Championship. Stephenson's place in history as an inside forward was assured when Herbert Chapman targeted him as the man to lead Huddersfield Town's challenge for three consecutive Football League titles in the 1920s, he also made a single appearance for England in that period.

1930 FA Cup final
The 1930 FA Cup final was a football match contested by Arsenal and Huddersfield Town at Wembley Stadium on 26 April 1930. It was the final match of the 1929–30 FA Cup, the 55th season of the world's oldest football knockout competition, the FA Cup.

Arsenal won 2–0, with goals from Alex James and Jack Lambert. As a result, Arsenal won their first FA Cup after a defeat in their FA Cup final debut in 1927.
Central Military Commission Joint Operations Command Center
The Central Military Commission Joint Operations Command Center (JOCC) is the main command and control operations center of the combined forces of the People's Liberation Army. It is a theater command grade unit under the direct control of the Central Military Commission (CMC) of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Its main watch floor is located in an underground facility in the Haidian district of Beijing.

The JOCC is the highest-level combat command & control unit in China, capable when active of commanding operations for all services in all the theaters. All the members of the CMC are members of the Command Center. There are local JOCOs at every command theater, which are subordinate to the Beijing JOCC.

Grades of the armed forces of China
The organization of the armed forces of the People's Republic of China is based on grades. Each military formation, institution, billet, and officer has a grade. Personnel grades flow from the institution's grade. For example, the grade of a unit commander billet is the same as the unit's, and the officer in that billet receives that grade. Historically, grade, rather than rank, determined or indicated an officer's authority, and various professional and career factors.
PAF Captain Guillermo Concha Iberico International Airport
PAF Captain Guillermo Concha Iberico International Airport (IATA: PIU, ICAO: SPUR) is an airport serving Piura, Peru.  It is 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) from Piura's main square and 130 kilometres (81 mi) from the resort of Máncora. It is the main airport of the department of Piura, the second most populous of Peru's regions.

The airport is run by Aeropuertos del Perú (AdP), a private operator that manages various airports in northern Peru. It is served by JetSmart, LATAM Perú and Sky Airline.

Aeropuertos del Perú
Airports of Peru (Spanish: Aeropuertos del Perú) is a private company that operates twelve regional airports in Peru. It is the first group of regional airports the government of Peru transferred to a private operator. The company was incorporated on October 30, 2006.
Water flow test
A water flow test, also known as a hydrant flow test, is a way to measure the water supply available at a building site, usually for the purposes of installing a water based fire protection system (fire sprinkler system).

The most common test involves measuring the flow of water flowing out of a municipal fire hydrant (measured in litres or gallons per minute) while recording how much the water pressure has dropped (from no water flow to test flow). When the results are collected carefully, formulas can be applied to figure the varying pressure(s) that will be available when different amounts of water flow are used from the same source.  A process to perform a water flow test is explained in the model fire codes as published by NFPA (National Fire Protection Association).

If a water supply source is considered weak compared to what is required by the sprinkler system design hydraulic calculation, the water pressure can be boosted by means of a fire pump.

Fire sprinkler system
A fire sprinkler system is an active fire protection method, consisting of a water supply system providing adequate pressure and flowrate to a water distribution piping system, to which fire sprinklers are connected. Although initially used only in factories and large commercial buildings, systems for homes and small buildings are now in use.

Fire sprinkler systems are extensively used worldwide, with over 40 million sprinkler heads fitted each year.  Fire sprinkler systems are generally designed as a life saving system, but are not necessarily designed to protect the building. Of buildings completely protected by fire sprinkler systems, if a fire did initiate, it was controlled by the fire sprinklers alone in 96% of these cases.
Aezkoa
Aezkoa Valley is an administrative unit of Navarre, Spain. It is formed by several smaller municipalities: Abaurregaina, Abaurrepea, Aria, Aribe (seat of the Valley administration), Garraioa, Garralda, Hiriberri (town), Orbaitzeta and Orbara.

The valley has c. 1200 people inscribed as residents but only around 800 live there regularly.

Abaurregaina/Abaurrea Alta
Abaurregaina / Abaurrea Alta (Abaurregaina is the Basque name, Abaurrea Alta its name in Spanish; both are recognised officially) is a municipality and inhabited locality situated in the province and autonomous community of Navarre (Spanish: Navarra), northern Spain. It is situated some 70 km from the provincial capital, Pamplona. As of 2005 INE figures, the municipality had a population of c. 150 inhabitants.

The municipality has an area of some 20.9 km2, and with a median elevation of 1039 m is the highest municipality in Navarre.
Major Seminary of Tunis
The Major Seminary of Tunis (French: Grand Séminaire de Tunis), previously known as the Major Seminary of Carthage, was a Roman Catholic major seminary and the diocesan seminary for the Archdiocese of Tunis. Established in 1881 by Bishop Charles Lavigerie, the seminary was founded for the education of White Fathers missionaries in Africa. It educated both religious and diocesan priests until its closure in 1964. The seminary building, known as La Marsa, also held an extensive museum containing relics from Tunisia's history.

Archdiocese of Tunis
The Archdiocese of Tunis is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in Tunis, Tunisia. It was founded on 10 November 1884 under the name "Archdiocese of Carthage", with territory corresponding to that of the then French protectorate of Tunisia. On 9 July 1964, it became a territorial prelature under the ecclesiastical title of Prelature of Tunis. It was made a diocese, keeping the name of Tunis, on 31 May 1995, and raised to the rank of archdiocese on 22 May 2010.

The Cathedral of St. Vincent de Paul is the cathedral of the archdiocese of Tunis.
Blekhem
Blekhem is a manor house in Västervik Municipality, Sweden.

The history of the estate goes back to the 14th century. It was owned by the Soop family until 1562, when it was sold to King Eric XIV. It remained a royal estate until 1612, when Johan Skytte acquired it from the Crown. It has thereafter belonged to various Swedish aristocratic and other families, e.g. Gyllenstierna, Posse, Lewenhaupt and Hamilton. The present main building was built in 1838-42 during the ownership of baron Johan Nordenfalk. It is still owned by the Nordenfalk family.

Västervik Municipality
Västervik Municipality (Swedish: Västerviks kommun) is a municipality in Kalmar County, south-eastern Sweden, with its seat in the city of Västervik.

The present municipality was created in 1971, when the former City of Västervik was amalgamated with eight surrounding rural municipalities.
Kushiyama Kofun
Kushiyama Kofun (櫛山古墳)  is an early Kofun period burial mound, located in the Yanagimoto neighborhood of the city of Tenri, Nara in the Kansai region of Japan. The tumulus was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1957. Kushiyama Kofun is one of the Yanagimoto Kofun Cluster.

Kofun
Kofun (古墳; from Sino-Japanese "ancient burial mound") are megalithic tombs or tumuli in Northeast Asia. Kofun were mainly constructed in the Japanese archipelago between the middle of the 3rd century to the early 7th century AD.

The term is the origin of the name of the Kofun period, which indicates the middle 3rd century to early–middle 6th century. Many kofun have distinctive keyhole-shaped mounds (zempō-kōen fun (前方後円墳)). The Mozu-Furuichi kofungun or tumulus clusters were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2019, while Ishibutai Kofun is one of a number in Asuka-Fujiwara residing on the Tentative List.
Vesnarinone
Vesnarinone (INN) is a cardiotonic agent.
A mixed phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor and ion-channel modifier that has modest, dose-dependent, positive inotropic activity, but minimal negative chronotropic activity. Vesnarinone improves ventricular performance most in patients with the worst degree of heart failure.

PDE3 inhibitor
A PDE3 inhibitor is a drug which inhibits the action of the phosphodiesterase enzyme PDE3. They are used for the therapy of acute heart failure and cardiogenic shock.

PDE3 inhibitors produce dilation of resistance and capacitance blood vessels (thus decreasing both preload and afterload), and exhibit positive inotropy and chronotropy. PDE3 inhibitors potentiate the effects of beta-adrenergic agonists.
Quintic threefold
In mathematics, a quintic threefold is a  3-dimensional hypersurface of degree 5 in 4-dimensional projective space . Non-singular quintic threefolds are Calabi–Yau manifolds.

The Hodge diamond of a non-singular quintic 3-fold is

Physicist Robbert Dijkgraaf said "One number which every algebraic geometer knows is the number 2,875 because obviously, that is the number of lines on a quintic."

Kefeng Liu
Kefeng Liu (Chinese: 刘克峰; born 12 December 1965), is a Chinese-American mathematician who is known for his contributions to geometric analysis, particularly the geometry, topology and analysis of moduli spaces of Riemann surfaces and Calabi–Yau manifolds. He is a professor of mathematics at University of California, Los Angeles, as well as the executive director of the Center of Mathematical Sciences at Zhejiang University. He is best known for his collaboration with Bong Lian and Shing-Tung Yau in which they establish some enumerative geometry conjectures motivated by mirror symmetry.
John W. Mitchell (United States Air Force)
John William Mitchell (June 14, 1914 – November 15, 1995) was an officer of the United States Air Force, a flying ace and the leader of Operation Vengeance, the mission to shoot down Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto. He served in World War II and the Korean War.

70th Fighter Squadron
The 70th Fighter Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force squadron. The Squadron was constituted on 14 Dec 1940 as the 70th Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor). This squadron was activated on 1 Jan 1941 and patrolled the airspace around Fiji. After the war, the squadron was declared inactivated on 26 Dec 1945. The 70th Tactical Fighter Squadron was reinstated on 8 Sep 1975 and serve the 70th Fighter Squadron was retired on 1 Nov 1991. It was most recently part of the 347th Wing at Moody Air Force Base, Georgia.  It operated Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II aircraft conducting ground attack missions.
Celtic settlement of Southeast Europe
Gallic groups, originating from the various La Tène chiefdoms, began a southeastern movement into the Balkans from the 4th century BC. Although Gallic settlements were concentrated in the western half of the Carpathian basin, there were notable incursions and settlements within the Balkans.

From their new bases in northern Illyria and Pannonia, the Gallic invasions climaxed in the early 3rd century BC, with the invasion of Greece. The 279 BC invasion of Greece proper was preceded by a series of other military campaigns waged in the southern Balkans and against the Kingdom of Macedonia, favoured by the state of confusion ensuing from the disputed succession after Alexander the Great's death. A part of the invading Celts crossed over to Anatolia and eventually settled in the area that came to be named after them, Galatia.

Orange, Vaucluse
Orange (French pronunciation: [ɔʁɑ̃ʒ] ⓘ; Provençal: Aurenja (classical norm) or Aurenjo (Mistralian norm)) is a commune in the Vaucluse department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in Southeastern France. It is about 21 km (13 mi) north of Avignon, on the departmental border with Gard, which follows the Rhône and also constitutes the regional border with Occitania. Orange is the second-most populated city in Vaucluse, after Avignon.
Woutersia
Woutersia was a Triassic genus of 'symmetrodont' and the only representative of the family Woutersiidae. It was originally classified as a kuehneotheriid, but it has been suggested that it may be related to Docodonta. Remains of W. mirabilis and W. butleri have been found in the Gres à Avicula contorta Formation at Saint-Nicolas-de-Port, France, while W. mirabilis has been found in Varangéville, France; remains have been dated to the Late Triassic, 205.6 to 201.6 Ma.

Kuehneotheriidae
Kuehneotheriidae is an extinct family of mammaliaforms traditionally placed within 'Symmetrodonta', though now generally considered more basal than true symmetrodonts. All members of Kuehneotheriidae which have been found so far are represented only by teeth, but these teeth have features which have led paleontologists to classify kuehneotheriids as very close relatives of the first true mammals. But fossil clades based solely on teeth often lead to difficulties (Ausktribosphenidae being a good example), and it is not possible to draw significant conclusions about mammalian evolution from Kuehneotheriidae unless some more complete skeletons are found.
Brown v BCA Trading Ltd (2016)
Brown v BCA Trading Ltd [2016] EWHC 1464 (Ch) is an important England and Wales case management − in which the Companies Court allowed the use of predictive coding in an electronic disclosure process involving the contested party for the first time − for the underlying case of “unfair prejudice” petition based on section 994 of the Companies Act 2006. It is also the first reported judgment to endorse the landmark decision in Pyrrho Investments Limited v MWB Property Limited [2016] EWHC 256 (Ch), whereby the main difference is both parties have approved the utilisation of predictive coding.

The case shows a development in the field of Artificial Intelligence and Law in the United Kingdom.

Pyrrho Investments Limited v MWB Property Limited
Pyrrho Investments Limited v MWB Property Limited [2016] EWHC 256 (Ch) is the first British case to consider the use of ‘predictive coding’ during electronic discovery (e-discovery) process of document disclosure. The High Court found that ‘predictive coding’ was permissible when use of such technology was proportionate in terms of cost, though needs to be considered on a case-by-case basis.
Government College Peshawar
Government College Peshawar is a public sector college located in Zaryab Colony, Faqirabad, Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The college offers programs for intermediate level both in Arts and Science groups, which are affiliated with Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education Peshawar. The college also offers 2 years BA & BSc programs plus 4 years BS programs in various disciplines, which are affiliated with University of Peshawar.

University of Peshawar
The University of Peshawar (Pashto: د پېښور پوهنتون; Hindko: پشور یونیورسٹی; Urdu: جامعۂ پشاور; abbreviated UoP; known more popularly as Peshawar University) is a public research university located in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

The university is one of the oldest universities in the province, and is ranked as one of the highest rated universities in the country.
Broad-spectrum chemokine inhibitor
A broad-spectrum chemokine inhibitor or BSCI (also termed chemotide or  somatotaxin ) is a type of experimental anti-inflammatory drug that inhibits the action of the pro-inflammatory proteins chemokines. Radiolabeling experiments performed by Dr. David Fox, University of Warwick, demonstrated the ability of the BSCI to bind and antagonize the somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2). This is a display of functional selectivity at the SSTR2 receptor. Functional selectivity is the effect of one ligand having one agonism when bound to the receptor and another ligand having a different agonism at that same receptor.

Anti-inflammatory
Anti-inflammatory refers to any drug, substance or mechanism that reduces inflammation by lessening the redness, swelling, fever, or pain and loss of function which are part of bodies inflammatory response. Anti-inflammatory drugs are agents that inhibit action or production of inflammatory mediators such as cytokines, histamines and prostaglandins. These drugs reduce pain by inhibiting mechanisms of inflammation, as opposed to opioids, which affect the central nervous system to block pain.

Common anti-inflammatory drugs include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, antileukotrienes, and monoclonal antibodies.
Charles Olivier
Charles Olivier is an American film and television writer, producer, playwright, journalist and editor. His work has won several Emmys, a Peabody award, a Thurgood Marshall Humanitarian Award for Excellence in Journalism, as well as many other accolades. He and his films have taken top awards or been nominated at the Sundance Film Festival, the Berlin Film Festival, the Tribeca Film Festival, and many more.

Andrew Jarecki
Andrew Jarecki (born March 24, 1963) is an American filmmaker, musician, and entrepreneur. He is best known for the Emmy-winning documentary series The Jinx. He is also known for the documentary films Capturing the Friedmans (2003) and The Alabama Solution (2025), both winners and nominees at several festivals and awards ceremonies, earning both of them an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature Film nomination.
Pound of Flesh (2015 film)
Pound of Flesh is a 2015 Canadian action film directed by Ernie Barbarash, and starring Jean-Claude Van Damme, Charlotte Peters, and Darren Shahlavi. It is the third collaboration between Van Damme and Barbarash (following Assassination Games in 2011 and Six Bullets in 2012).

Six Bullets
Six Bullets is a 2012 American action film directed by Ernie Barbarash, produced by Brad Krevoy and starring Jean-Claude Van Damme, Joe Flanigan, Anna-Louise Plowman, and Charlotte Beaumont. The film was released on direct-to-video in the United States on September 11, 2012.
John Hynes (priest)
John Hynes (4 January 1875 – 8 January 1949) was a professor of archaeology, who served as President of University College, Galway from 1934 until 1945.
Hynes was educated at St. Patrick's College, Maynooth earning a Divinity Degree, and was ordained to the priesthood, he also gained a masters from the National University of Ireland in 1922.
He was appointed to University College Galway where he served as Registrar and Professor of Archaeology before becoming, President of the college in 1934.
He also served on the Senate of the NUI, and as Vice-chancellor.
Hynes was awarded an honorary LLD by the National University of Ireland in 1941.

National University of Ireland
The National University of Ireland (NUI; Irish: Ollscoil na hÉireann)  is a federal university system of constituent universities (previously called constituent colleges) and recognised colleges set up under the Irish Universities Act 1908, and significantly amended by the Universities Act, 1997.

The constituent universities are for all essential purposes independent universities, except that the degrees and diplomas are those of the National University of Ireland with its seat in Dublin.

In post-nominals, the abbreviation NUI  is used for degrees from all the constituent universities of the National University of Ireland.