hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tukita dialect
The Tukita dialect is a dialect of the Karata language, common in the villages of Tukita in the Akhvakhsky District and Tukita in the Khasavyurtovsky District of the Republic of Dagestan. It has significant differences in phonetics, morphology and vocabulary with the proper Karata dialect.

Akhvakhsky District
Akhvakhsky District (Russian: Ахвахский райо́н; Avar: Гӏахьвахъ мухъ) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the forty-one in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia. It is located in the west of the republic. The area of the district is 291.1 square kilometers (112.4 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Karata. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 22,014, with the population of Karata accounting for 18.9% of that number.
Lexicon
A lexicon (pl. lexicons, rarely lexica) is the vocabulary of a language or branch of knowledge (such as nautical or medical).  In linguistics, a lexicon is a language's inventory of lexemes. The word lexicon derives from Greek word λεξικόν (lexikon), neuter of λεξικός (lexikos) meaning 'of or for words'.

Linguistic theories generally regard human languages as consisting of two parts: a lexicon, essentially a catalogue of a language's words (its wordstock); and a grammar, a system of rules which allow for the combination of those words into meaningful sentences. The lexicon is also thought to include bound morphemes, which cannot stand alone as words (such as most affixes). In some analyses, compound words and certain classes of idiomatic expressions, collocations and other phrasemes are also considered to be part of the lexicon. Dictionaries are lists of the lexicon, in alphabetical order, of a given language; usually, however, bound morphemes are not included.

Seamanship
Seamanship is the art, competence, and knowledge of operating a ship, boat or other craft on water. The Oxford Dictionary states that seamanship is "The skill, techniques, or practice of handling a ship or boat at sea."

It involves topics and development of specialised skills, including navigation and international maritime law and regulatory knowledge; weather, meteorology and forecasting; watchkeeping; ship-handling and small boat handling; operation of deck equipment, anchors and cables; ropework and line handling; communications; sailing; engines; execution of evolutions such as towing; cargo handling equipment, dangerous cargoes and cargo storage; dealing with emergencies; survival at sea and search and rescue; and fire fighting.

The degree of knowledge needed within these areas is dependent upon the nature of the work and the type of vessel employed by a seafarer.
Payne & Pleasure
Payne & Pleasure is Freda Payne's fifth American-released album and her first for the ABC/Dunhill label, released in 1974 (ABC owned Payne's previous label, Impulse! Records as well). The album was produced by McKinley Jackson. It consists of four songs co-written by Lamont Dozier's brother, Reginald ("Reggie"), along with three covers (the Carpenters' hit "I Won't Last a Day Without You," "The Way We Were" [from the film of the same name], and Leon Russell's "A Song for You"). The album was reissued on CD on November 17, 2009. The reissue contains a biographical essay (sourced by interviews with Freda Payne and Lamont Dozier) of Payne's life and career by A. Scott Galloway.

Impulse! Records
Impulse! Records (occasionally styled as "¡mpulse! Records" and "¡!") is an American jazz record label established by Creed Taylor in 1960. John Coltrane was among Impulse!'s earliest signings. Thanks to consistent sales and positive critiques of his recordings, the label came to be known as "the house that Trane built".
Christian Sonne
Ole Christian Saxtorph Sonne (21 April 1859 – 25 July 1941) was a Danish  government minister and speaker of the Landsting, a chamber of the parliament.

He was an elected member of the Landsting from the 1902 election until 1918. He was originally elected outside the parties in electoral coalition with the conservative party Højre, but joined the Free Conservatives in February 1904. Along with the rest of the Free Conservatives, Sonne joined the Conservative People's Party in 1915, but he left the party again in June 1917 as a protest against the party's intention of pulling Minister without Portfolio Christian Rotbøll out of the Cabinet of Zahle II.

Sonne was Minister for Agriculture for a short term after the Easter Crisis of 1920 as the only member of the Cabinet of Friis who was nationally known beforehand.

Landsting (Denmark)
The Landsting (Danish: Landstinget) was the upper house of the Rigsdag, from 1849 until 1953, when the bicameral system was abolished in favour of unicameralism. The Landsting had powers equal to the Folketing, which made the two houses of parliament hard to distinguish.

Originally, membership and the electorate was restricted, and the members were largely conservatives. Membership of the house was then restricted to certain sectors of society: only men with a certain net worth could hold a seat. In 1915, these restrictions were removed, and a few new members were appointed by the existing members.
Ashleigh Gunning
Sarah Ashleigh Gunning (born April 25, 1985) is an American retired soccer forward who most recently played for Kvarnsvedens IK in the 2012–2013 seasons.  She previously played for Norwegian club Arna-Bjørnar in the Toppserien, Adelaide United in the Australian W-League and magicJack in the WPS.

MagicJack (WPS)
magicJack (stylized with the first letter in lower case) was an American professional soccer club based in Boca Raton, Florida. The team competed in Women's Professional Soccer (WPS) for one season until legal challenges caused the team's owner, Dan Borislow, to be banned from the WPS, which folded in 2012.
Shevchenko (crater)
Shevchenko is a crater on Mercury.  Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) in 1976, for Ukrainian poet Taras Hryhorovych Shevchenko.

On the west rim of Shevchenko is an unnamed smaller crater that has sharp features and contains hollows.

To the southwest of Shevchenko is Khansa crater.  To the northeast is Africanus Horton, and to the east are Rameau and the Discovery Rupes.

NAC mosaic with north at left

Unnamed crater with hollows west of Shevchenko crater

Discovery Rupes
Discovery Rupes is an escarpment on Mercury approximately 650 kilometers (400 mi) long and 2 kilometres (6,562 ft) high, located at latitude 56.3 S and longitude 38.3 W. It was formed by a thrust fault, thought to have occurred due to the shrinkage of the planet's core as it cooled over time. The scarp cuts through Rameau crater. It was discovered by Mariner 10.

The rupes are named after HMS Discovery, the ship used by explorer James Cook on his third voyage.

Discovery Rupes photographed during first Mariner 10 fly-by in 1974

The scarp imaged by MESSENGER in 2012

Representation of the thrust fault at Discovery Rupes
Kaliska, Kartuzy County
Kaliska [kaˈliska] (Kashubian: Kalëska) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kartuzy, within Kartuzy County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It is located within the ethnocultural region of Kashubia in the historic region of Pomerania.

During the German occupation of Poland (World War II), the Kaliska forest was the site of large massacres of Poles, carried out by the Germans from September to November 1939 as part of the Intelligenzaktion. Among the victims were Polish teachers, policemen, activists, local officials, dentists, postal workers, foresters, priests, and other inhabitants from Kartuzy, Żukowo and various nearby villages.

Kashubia
Kashubia or Cassubia (Kashubian: Kaszëbë or Kaszëbskô; Polish: Kaszuby [kaˈʂubɨ] ⓘ; German: Kaschubei or Kaschubien) is an ethnocultural region in the historic Eastern Pomerania (Pomerelia) region of northern Poland. It is inhabited by the Kashubian people, and many in the region have historically spoken the Kashubian language, with some still speaking it.

The unofficial self-description of "capital city of Kashubia" has long been contested by Kartuzy and Kościerzyna.
Bamazomus subsolanus
Bamazomus subsolanus is a species of schizomid arachnid (commonly known as a short-tailed whip-scorpion) in the Hubbardiidae family. It is endemic to Australia. It was described in 2001 by Australian arachnologist Mark Harvey. The specific epithet subsolanus (Latin: ‘eastern’) refers to the position of the type locality.

Arachnid
Arachnids are arthropods in the class Arachnida (/əˈræknɪdə/) of the subphylum Chelicerata. Arachnida includes, among others, spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites, pseudoscorpions, harvestmen, camel spiders, whip spiders and vinegaroons.

Adult arachnids have eight legs attached to the  cephalothorax. In some species the frontmost pair of legs has converted to a sensory function, while in others, different appendages can grow large enough to take on the appearance of extra pairs of legs.

Almost all extant arachnids are terrestrial, living mainly on land. However, some inhabit freshwater environments and, with the exception of the pelagic zone, marine environments as well. They comprise over 110,000 named species, of which 51,000 are species of spiders.

The term is derived from the Greek word ἀράχνη (aráchnē, 'spider'), from the myth of the hubristic human weaver Arachne, who was turned into a spider.
Solanki (clan)
Solanki (or Chaulukya) is a Rajput clan primarily found in Northern India.

It has also been adopted by other communities such as the Saharias, Bhils, Koḷis, Ghān̄cīs, Kumbhārs, Bāroṭs, Kaḍiyās, Darjīs, Mocīs, Ḍheḍhs, and Bhangīs.

Chuhra
Chuhra, also known as Bhanghi and Balmiki, is a Dalit caste in India and Pakistan. Populated regions include the Punjab region of India and Pakistan, as well as Uttar Pradesh in India, among other parts of the Indian subcontinent such as southern India. Their traditional occupation is sweeping, a "polluting" occupation that caused them to be considered untouchables in the caste system.

Originally following the Balmiki sect of Hinduism, many Chuhras converted to Sikhism, Islam and Christianity during the colonial era in India. Today, Chuhras in Indian Punjab are largely followers of Sikhism. A minority continue to follow Hinduism, which incorporates elements of Sikhism in its practices, as well as Christianity. In Pakistani Punjab 90–95% of its Christian population are Dalit Christians of the Chuhra caste; other Chuhras practice Islam or continue to follow Hinduism.
Demographics of South Africa
According to the 2022 census, the population of South Africa is about 62 million people of diverse origins, cultures, languages, and religions, with a majority being Black Africans. The South African National Census of 2022 was the most recent census held; the next will be in 2032.

In 2011, Statistics South Africa counted 2.1 million foreigners in total. Reports suggest that is an underestimation. The real figure may be as high as five million, including some three million Zimbabweans.

Demographics of Zimbabwe
Demographic features of the population of Zimbabwe include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.
Manhattan Community Board 6
Manhattan Community Board 6 is a New York City community board, part of the local government apparatus of the city, with responsibility for the East Side of Manhattan from 14th Street to 59th Street. This includes the neighborhoods  of Gramercy Park, Stuyvesant Park, Stuyvesant Town, Peter Cooper Village, Rose Hill, Waterside Plaza, Murray Hill, Kips Bay, Turtle Bay, Tudor City, and Sutton Place. The eastern and western borders are the East River and Lexington Avenue, except between 34th Street and 40th Street, where the area extends west to Madison Avenue, and between 20th Street and 22nd Street where it extends west to Park Avenue South.

34th Street (Manhattan)
34th Street is a major crosstown street in the New York City borough of Manhattan. It runs the width of Manhattan Island from the West Side Highway on the West Side to FDR Drive on the East Side. 34th Street is used as a crosstown artery between New Jersey to the west and Queens to the east, connecting the Lincoln Tunnel to New Jersey with the Queens–Midtown Tunnel to Long Island.

Several notable buildings are located directly along 34th Street, including the Empire State Building, Macy's Herald Square, and Javits Center. Other structures, such as Pennsylvania Station, are located within one block of 34th Street.  The street is served by the crosstown M34/M34A bus routes and contains several subway stops.
Minos (dialogue)
Minos (/ˈmaɪnɒs, -nəs/; Greek: Μίνως) is purported to be one of the dialogues of Plato. It features Socrates and a companion who together attempt to find a definition of "law" (Greek: νόμος, nómos).

Despite its authenticity having been doubted by many scholars, it has often been regarded as a foundational document in the history of legal philosophy, particularly in the theory of natural law. It has also conversely been interpreted as describing a largely procedural theory of law. Ancient commentators have traditionally considered the work as a preamble to Plato's final dialogue, Laws.

Socratic dialogue
Socratic dialogue (Ancient Greek: Σωκρατικὸς λόγος) is a genre of literary prose developed in Ancient Greece at the turn of the fourth century BC.  The earliest ones are preserved in the works of Plato and Xenophon and all involve Socrates as the protagonist. These dialogues, and subsequent ones in the genre, present a discussion of moral and philosophical problems between two or more individuals illustrating the application of the Socratic method. The dialogues may be either dramatic or narrative. While Socrates is often the main participant, his presence in the dialogue is not essential to the genre.
Lotherus
Lotherus (Lother) was one of the earliest kings of Denmark according to Saxo Grammaticus's Gesta Danorum.

The name Lotherus may be of the same origin as the Old Norse Hlǫðr of Hervarar saga and Hlöðskviða, or the Old English Hliþe of Widsith.

Saxo Grammaticus
Saxo Grammaticus (c. 1150 – c. 1220), also known as Saxo cognomine Longus, was a Danish historian, theologian, and author. He is thought to have been a clerk or secretary to Absalon, Archbishop of Lund, the main advisor to Valdemar I of Denmark. He is the author of the Gesta Danorum, the first full history of Denmark, from which the legend of Amleth would come to inspire the story of Hamlet by Shakespeare.
EuroBasket Women 2021 Group C
Group C of the EuroBasket Women 2021 took place between 17 and 20 June 2021. The group consisted of Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Slovenia and Turkey and played its games at the Rhénus Sport in Strasbourg, France.

Rhénus Sport
Rhénus Sport (originally Hall Rhénus, also known as Rhénus Sport Arena and Arena de la SIG) is a multi-purpose arena located in Strasbourg, France. The seating capacity is 6,200 for basketball games. It is currently home to the professional French League club Strasbourg IG.
Zadibal
Zadibal (Urdu pronunciation: [zəɖiːbəl] ; Kashmiri pronunciation: [zəɖʲbal]) is a notified area in the municipality of Srinagar, in the Kashmir Valley of Jammu and Kashmir, India. Zadibal Assembly constituency is one of the 87 constituencies in Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly. It is located about 6 km towards the north of the commercial centre of Kashmir, Lal Chowk. Zadibal is mostly inhabited by Shia Muslims. It is famous for the oldest Imambara of Kashmir (Imambara Zadibal), located in the center of Zadibal.

Husayniyya
A husayniyya (Arabic: حسينية) is a building designed specifically for gatherings of Shia Muslims for spiritual practice, religious education and commemoration ceremonies, especially the Mourning of Muharram. The husayniyya is a multipurpose hall for the commemoration rituals of Shia and gets its name from Husayn ibn Ali, the grandson of Muhammad. They are referred to as Takya among Sunni Muslims and have common origin.
Julien Nicolardot
Julien Nicolardot (born 13 December 1981) is a French swimmer, who specialized in breaststroke events. He is a member of Mulhouse Olympic Natation in Mulhouse, and is coached and trained by Lionel Horter.

Nicolardot competed as a lone French swimmer in the men's 200 m breaststroke at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. He fired off a scintillating 2:13.36 to immediately punch his ticket to Beijing at the French Championships in Dunkirk, bettering the insurmountable FINA A-standard (2:13.70) by more than a third (0.33) of a second. Swimming on the outside in heat four, Nicolardot headed into the final lap with Austria's Hunor Mate and Kazakhstan's Yevgeniy Ryzhkov racing against each other in a sprint finish for the top three spot, but faded nearly to fifth with a steady 2:12.44, nearly a second faster than his entry time. Nicolardot failed to advance to the semifinals, as he placed twenty-eighth overall out of fifty-three swimmers in the prelims.

Mulhouse
Mulhouse (/məˈluːz/ mə-LOOZ, French: [myluz] ⓘ; Alsatian: Mìlhüsa [mɪlˈhyːsa]; German: Mülhausen [myːlˈhaʊzn̩] ⓘ, meaning "mill house") is a French city of the European Collectivity of Alsace (Haut-Rhin department, in the Grand Est region of France). It is near the border with Switzerland and Germany. It is the largest city in Haut-Rhin and second largest in Alsace after Strasbourg.

Mulhouse is known for its museums, especially the Cité de l'Automobile (also known as the Musée national de l'automobile, 'National Museum of the Automobile') and the Cité du Train (also known as Musée Français du Chemin de Fer, 'French Museum of the Railway'), respectively the largest automobile and railway museums in the world. An industrial town nicknamed "the French Manchester", Mulhouse is also the main seat of the Upper Alsace University, where the secretariat of the European Physical Society is found.
Emil Pollert (canoeist)
Emil Pollert (9 May 1938 – 27 January 2014) was a Czech slalom canoeist and physical chemist. He competed for Czechoslovakia in the 1960s and won a gold medal in the C-2 team event at the 1965 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships in Spittal an der Drau with his brother Jaroslav.

1965 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships
The 1965 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships were held in Spittal an der Drau, Austria under the auspices of International Canoe Federation for the second time in a row after hosting the event previously in 1963. It was the 9th edition. It also marked some changes in which the folding kayak events were replaced by standard kayaks for the men's and women's events. Additionally, the mixed C2 team event returned for the first time since 1957.
Syed Zaheer Rizvi
Syed Zaheer Rizvi (born 2 April 1973) is a Pakistani music director and teacher. To his credit are not only numerous Pakistani TV drama scores, but he also has the distinct honor of being the only musician in the world to teach music through weekly published newspaper articles during the 1994–1998 era. These articles were published under the title Uncle Mosiqaar in Daily Pakistan. Rizvi has numerous awards in appreciation of his work, some of which include the Asian Academy Award, Multi Media Award, PTV Awards, UNICEF Award and National Award 2012 (given to him by the then prime minister of Pakistan Mr.Raja Parvez Ashraf).

PTV Awards
PTV National Awards (پی ٹی وی ایوارڈز) was an awards ceremony annually held by the Pakistan Television Corporation. The awards were first introduced in the early 1980s to encourage talented people in Pakistan.
Schnauzer
A Schnauzer (/ˈʃnaʊzər, ˈʃnaʊtsər/ SHNOW-zər, SHNOWT-sər, German: [ˈʃnaʊtsɐ] ⓘ; plural Schnauzer, German: [ˈʃnaʊ̯t͡sɐ] ⓘ; lit. 'snouter') is a dog breed type that originated in Germany from the 14th to 16th centuries. The term comes from the German word for "snout" and means colloquially "moustache", or "whiskered snout", because of the dog's distinctively bearded snout. Initially it was called Wire-Haired Pinscher, while Schnauzer was adopted in 1879.

Snout
A snout is the protruding portion of an animal's face, consisting of its nose, mouth, and jaw. In many animals, the structure is called a muzzle, rostrum, beak, trunk or proboscis. The wet furless surface around the nostrils of the nose of many mammals is called the rhinarium (colloquially this is the "cold wet snout" of some mammals). The rhinarium is often associated with a stronger sense of olfaction.
2024 Copa Colsanitas – Doubles
Cristina Bucșa and Kamilla Rakhimova defeated the defending champion Irina Khromacheva and her partner Anna Bondár in the final, 7–6(7–5), 3–6, [10–8] to win the doubles tennis title at the 2024 Copa Colsanitas.

Khromacheva and Iryna Shymanovich were the defending champions, but chose not to participate together. Shymanovich partnered Renata Zarazúa, but lost in the first round to You Xiaodi and Katarina Zavatska.

Katarina Zavatska
Katarina Vitaliivna Zavatska (Ukrainian: Катаріна Віталіївна Завацька; born 5 February 2000) is a Ukrainian tennis player.
Zavatska has a career-high singles ranking of world No. 103, achieved February 2020, and a best doubles ranking of 337, reached on 14 June 2021. She has won nine singles titles and two doubles titles at tournaments of the ITF Circuit.
Certified MBA
Certified MBA (CMBA) was a professional certification designed as an "objective measure of a student's grasp of the MBA skill set". It was offered by the International Certification Institute.

The CMBA focused on the "10 key subject areas" comprising the MBA "core curriculum"  (Financial Accounting, Management Accounting, Quantitative Analysis, Microeconomics, Macroeconomics, Finance, Marketing Management, Operations Management, Organizational Behavior, and Business Strategy). The certification was a series of exams taken over several days.  Each four-hour exam focused on several of the subject areas and was composed of multiple choice questions. The exams were administered by Prometric.

The certification was incorporated into the Western Governors University MBA program  for several years.

Multiple choice
Multiple choice, multiple choice question, or objective response is a form of an objective assessment in which respondents are asked to select only the correct answer from the choices offered as a list. The multiple choice format is most frequently used in educational testing, in market research, and in elections, when a person chooses between multiple candidates, parties, or policies.

Although E. L. Thorndike developed an early scientific approach to testing students, it was his assistant Benjamin D. Wood who developed the multiple-choice test. Multiple-choice testing increased in popularity in the mid-20th century when scanners and data-processing machines were developed to check the result. Christopher P. Sole created the first multiple-choice examinations for computers on a Sharp Mz 80 computer in 1982.
Kalmykovsky
Kalmykovsky (Russian: Калмыковский) is a rural locality (a khutor) and the administrative center of Kalmykovskoye Rural Settlement, Kletsky District, Volgograd Oblast, Russia. The population was 923 as of 2010. There are 28 streets.

Kletsky District
Kletsky District (Russian: Кле́тский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the thirty-three in Volgograd Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Kletsky Municipal District. It is located in the west of the oblast. The area of the district is 3,580 square kilometers (1,380 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a stanitsa) of Kletskaya. Population: 17,858 (2010 census); 19,541 (2002 Census); 18,412 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Kletskaya accounts for 29.8% of the district's total population.