hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kolmogorov's theorem
Kolmogorov's theorem is any of several different results by Andrey Kolmogorov:

In statistics

Kolmogorov–Smirnov test

In real analysis

Kolmogorov–Arnold representation theorem

In probability theory

Hahn–Kolmogorov theorem

Kolmogorov extension theorem

Kolmogorov continuity theorem

Kolmogorov's three-series theorem

Kolmogorov's zero–one law

Chapman–Kolmogorov equations

Kolmogorov inequalities
Kolmogorov's inequality
Kolmogorov's inequality for positive submartingales

In functional analysis

Landau–Kolmogorov inequality

Fréchet–Kolmogorov theorem

Kolmogorov's inequality
In probability theory, Kolmogorov's inequality is a so-called "maximal inequality" that gives a bound on the probability that the partial sums of a finite collection of independent random variables exceed some specified bound.
Catch Us If You Can (game show)
Catch Us If You Can is an Australian game and prank television series which ran for 30 episodes on the Seven Network in 1981. It consisted of games for members of the studio audience and pre-recorded pranks, similar to Candid Camera. The pranks were usually on unsuspecting members of the public but occasionally on celebrities.

Its pilot aired on Channel 9 in 1980 but they did not take up the show and it moved to Channel 7, beginning in February. It was axed in April 1981.

It was conceived by Lyle McCabe and was hosted in the studio by Bryan Davies. Cast members included , Deborah Gray, Edith Bliss, Ian McRae, Marty Morton, Mark Kounnas, Shirley Strachan Lynette Laming, Amanda Dryburgh and Grant Dodwell. The host for the pilot was Geoff Stone and other cast members included Geoff Harvey, Jacki MacDonald, Robin Stewart, Pete Smith and Abigail.

Marty Morton
Marty Morton (30 September 1941 – 6 September 2024) was an English-born Australian TV presenter and actor in television, theatre and commercials in Australia and other countries including England. He started his career as a stage performer and ventriloquist
Su Su Nway
Su Su Nway (Burmese: စုစုနွေး, MLCTS: cu. cu. nwe:, IPA: [sṵ sṵ nwé]; born 1971; also known as Su Su Nwe) is a Burmese democracy activist and political prisoner. In 2005, she became the first Burmese national to successfully sue local government officials under a 1999 law on forced labour.

MLC Transcription System
The Myanmar Language Commission Transcription System (1980), also known as the MLC Transcription System (MLCTS), is a transliteration system for rendering Burmese in the Latin alphabet. It is loosely based on the common system for romanization of Pali, has some similarities to the ALA-LC romanization and was devised by the Myanmar Language Commission. The system is used in many linguistic publications regarding Burmese and is used in MLC publications as the primary form of romanization of Burmese.

The transcription system is based on the orthography of formal Burmese and is not suited for colloquial Burmese, which has substantial differences in phonology from formal Burmese. Differences are mentioned throughout the article.
Electoral history of Michael Madigan
This is the electoral history of Michael Madigan. Madigan served in the Illinois House of Representatives (1971–2021) and served as the chamber's 67th and 69th Speaker of the House (1983–1995;1997–2021). He served as Chair of the Illinois Democratic Party (1998–2021).

Democratic Party of Illinois
The Democratic Party of Illinois is the affiliate of the Democratic Party in the U.S. state of Illinois. It is the oldest extant state party in Illinois and one of just two recognized parties in the state, along with the Republican Party. It is currently the dominant party in the state, controlling the majority of Illinois' U.S. House seats, both U.S. Senate seats, both houses of the state legislature, and the governorship.
Del Monte Apartments
The Del Monte Apartments is a historic building in Downtown Columbus, Ohio. It was built in 1902 and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2016. The Romanesque Revival building was designed by Charles W. Bellows, a Columbus resident and nephew of George Bellows, builder of the 1887 Franklin County Courthouse in the city.

The building was constructed as a streetcar suburb-type apartment building with six flats on each of its three levels. The building interior was largely altered as it was converted for office use in 1985.

Franklin County Courthouse (1887–1974)
The 1887 Franklin County Courthouse was the second permanent courthouse of Franklin County, Ohio. The building, located in the county seat of Columbus, stood from 1887 to 1974. It replaced a smaller courthouse on the site, extant from 1840 to c. 1884. The 1887 courthouse deteriorated over several decades, and the site was eventually replaced with Dorrian Commons Park, open from 1976 to 2018; the court moved to a new building nearby. As of 2020, the site is planned to once again hold the county's Municipal Court building.
2019 in brachiopod paleontology
Paleontology portal

History of science portal

Dinosaurs portal

Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 2019.

Residue (chemistry)
In chemistry, residue is whatever remains or acts as a contaminant after a given class of events. Residue may be the material remaining after a process of preparation, separation, or purification, such as distillation, evaporation, or filtration. It may also denote the undesired by-products of a chemical reaction.

Residues as an undesired by-product are a concern in agricultural and food industries.
Gaëlle Blouin
Gaëlle Blouin  (born 14 August 1972) is a French footballer who played as a midfielder for the France women's national football team. She was part of the team at the UEFA Women's Euro 2001. On club level she plays for Toulouse FC in France.

French Football Federation
The French Football Federation (abbr. FFF and 3F; or Triple F; French: Fédération Française de Football, pronounced [fedeʁɑsjɔ̃ fʁɑ̃sɛːz də futbol]) is the governing body of football in France. It was formed in 1919 and is based in the capital, Paris. The FFF is a founding member of FIFA and is responsible for overseeing all aspects of the game of football in France, both professional and amateur. The French Football Federation is a founding member of UEFA and joined FIFA in 1907 after replacing the USFSA, who were founding members.
1932 International Lawn Tennis Challenge
The 1932 International Lawn Tennis Challenge was the 27th edition of what is now known as the Davis Cup. 22 teams would enter the Europe Zone; while 8 would enter the Americas Zone, 5 in North America and 3 in South America.

The United States defeated Brazil in the America Inter-Zonal Final, after Brazil received two walkovers in the South America Zone, and then defeated Germany in the Inter-Zonal play-off. France defeated the US in the Challenge Round, giving them their sixth straight title. The final was played 29–31 July at Stade Roland Garros in Paris.

Germany Davis Cup team
The Germany Davis Cup team represents Germany in Davis Cup tennis competition and are governed by the German Tennis Federation. As East Germany never participated in the Davis Cup, and the Deutscher Tennisbund remained the same organization throughout the century, the West German Davis Cup team is included in this article.

Germany has won the Davis Cup three times (1988, 1989, 1993) and finished as runners-up twice (1970, 1985).
Hands Down (album)
Hands Down is the tenth studio album by Bob James), released in 1982. This was a turning point in James career, with the tracks "It's Only Me" and "Spunky" being early exponents of electronic jazz. At the time electronica was transforming popular music in reaction to the big orchestrations of the late 1970s (prevalent on James' previous works). The minimalist tastes of the era were also reflected in "Roberta", which mostly featured James in a piano solo.

The track "Shamboozie" is sampled by rapper Rakim on the track "Guess Who's Back" from his 1997 debut solo album The 18th Letter.

The 18th Letter
The 18th Letter is the debut solo album by American emcee Rakim. It was released on November 4, 1997, through Universal Records in the United States. The album features production by DJ Clark Kent, Pete Rock, Father Shaheed, Nick Wiz and DJ Premier. It contains lyrical themes that concern hip hop's golden age, Rakim's rapping prowess, and the state of hip hop.
Pedro Vallina
Pedro Vallina Martínez (Guadalcanal, Seville province, Spain, 1879 - Veracruz, Mexico, 1970) was a Spanish doctor and anarchist. He studied medicine in Sevilla, Cádiz, Paris and London (in the last two cities, exiled). From a young age he developed an anarchist political ideology, especially after his contact with Fermín Salvochea in Cádiz. He was imprisoned and exiled several times for his political activity.

Province of Seville
The Province of Seville (Spanish: Sevilla) is a province of southern Spain, in the western part of the autonomous community of Andalusia. It borders the provinces of Málaga and Cádiz in the south, Huelva in the west, Badajoz in the north and Córdoba in the east. Seville is the province's as well as the Andalusian autonomous community's capital.
2009–10 Indonesia Super League U-21
The 2009–10 Indonesia Super League U-21 season will be the second edition of Indonesia Super League U-21 (ISL U-21), a companion competition Indonesian super league that are intended for footballers under the age of twenty-one years.

Pelita Jaya U-21 is the defending champion in this season. Djarum, an Indonesian tobacco company will continue its participation as the competition's main sponsor.

Liga 1 U-19
Liga 1 U-19 is a junior-level league of participating clubs in Liga 1. From 2008 to 2014, this youth league was an under-21 league known as the Indonesia Super League U-21. From the 2017 season onwards, the competition age limit decreased from under-21 to under-19. Building and managing a complete U-19 team is one of the requirements for clubs participating in Liga 1, as regulated by the Football Association of Indonesia (PSSI). In 2019, the league was replaced by Elite Pro Academy.
Chuck Lloyd
Charles P. Lloyd Jr. (born May 22, 1947) is a retired professional basketball player who spent one season in the American Basketball Association (ABA) as a member of the Carolina Cougars during the 1970–71 season. He attended Yankton College where he was drafted in the tenth round of the 1970 NBA draft (159th pick overall) by the Seattle SuperSonics, but never signed. During his career, weighed 220 lbs., and stood 6'8".

Lloyd played in the Eastern Basketball Association (EBA) for the Scranton Apollos and Allentown Jets from 1970 to 1973. He won an EBA championship with the Apollos in 1971. Lloyd was selected to the All-EBA Second Team in 1972.

Professional sports
In professional sports, as opposed to amateur sports, participants receive payment for their performance. Professionalism in sport has come to the fore through a combination of developments. Mass media and increased leisure have brought larger audiences, enabling sports organizations and teams to command large incomes. As a result, more sportspeople can afford to make sport their primary career, devoting the training time necessary to increase skills, physical condition, and experience to modern levels of achievement. This proficiency has also helped boost the popularity of sports. In most sports played professionally, there are many more amateurs than professional players, though amateurs and professionals do not usually compete.
Superman: Doomed
"Superman: Doomed" is a Superman crossover story arc published by DC Comics starting in May 2014. The series is co-written by Greg Pak, Charles Soule and Scott Lobdell, with artwork by Ken Lashley, Aaron Kuder, and Tony Daniel.

The story features a confrontation between Superman and Doomsday, but it is not meant to be a retelling of "The Death of Superman". Instead, it  further explores Superman's universe and personal connections in The New 52.

Starting with the Superman: Doomed #1 one-shot, the story arc is told in Action Comics, Superman/Wonder Woman, Batman/Superman, and Superman. The Superman book is only involved in the story arc for issue #31, which also marked the end of Scott Lobdell's run in the title.

Tony Daniel
Antonio Salvador Daniel (born 1977), known by the Anglicised professional name Tony S. Daniel or simply Tony Daniel, is an American comic book writer and artist, known for his work on various books for DC Comics, including Teen Titans, Flash: The Fastest Man Alive, and Batman and Deathstroke and Nocterra as well as many other books as well as many covers for both Marvel and DC Comics.
Pamela Stretton
Pamela Stretton (born 1980) is a South African artist whose work deals predominantly with the female body. Her main medium is digital inkjet prints that combine text and photographs. Originally from Cape Town, South Africa, Stretton moved to the United Kingdom.

Stretton attended Kingswood College, Grahamstown and Queenstown Girls High School.

She received a Bachelor of Fine Art (with distinction) from Rhodes University in 2002 and a Master of Fine Art (with distinction) from the University of Cape Town in 2005.

The Sunday Independent (South Africa)
The Sunday Independent is a weekly English-language newspaper based in Gauteng, South Africa. It is one of the titles under the Independent News & Media South Africa group acquired by the Sekunjalo Media Consortium largely funded by Chinese state media and was owned previously by Independent News & Media. The paper is distributed mainly in the Gauteng region, but is distributed across South Africa.
Eastern Canada Air Lines
Eastern Canada Air Lines was an airline company based in Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada in the 1930s. The owners included Richard (Dick) Thorne McCully, the company's first managing director. It began operations in 1936 with five General Aircraft Monospar aircraft manufactured by General Aircraft Limited in England. Three of the aircraft were damaged in accidents, and the company ceased operation in 1938.

General Aircraft Limited
General Aircraft Limited was a British aircraft manufacturer from its formation in 1931 to amalgamation with Blackburn Aircraft in 1949 to become Blackburn and General. Its main products were military gliders and light transport aircraft.
Timothy Shary
Timothy Shary (born August 17, 1967) is an American film scholar, and a leading authority on the representation of youth in movies.  He has been a professor at the University of Massachusetts, Clark University, and the University of Oklahoma. He is now a professor at Eastern Florida State College.

Shary has focused on the representational politics of age and gender.  His essays and reviews have appeared in  Men and Masculinities, Film Quarterly, Sight & Sound, Journal of Film and Video, Film Criticism, Journal of Popular Film and Television, Wide Angle, and The Journal of Popular Culture.

John Hughes (filmmaker)
John Wilden Hughes Jr. (February 18, 1950 – August 6, 2009) was an American filmmaker. He is best known for writing, directing, and producing the films Sixteen Candles (1984), The Breakfast Club (1985), Weird Science (1985), Ferris Bueller's Day Off (1986), Planes, Trains and Automobiles (1987), and Uncle Buck (1989), in addition to writing the films Pretty in Pink (1986), National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation (1989), Home Alone (1990), 101 Dalmatians (1996), and Flubber (1997).

Widely considered an icon of the 1980s whose coming-of-age stories captured the teenage experience, Hughes set most of his films in Chicago, where he spent his teenage years. His work often combined slapstick comedy with heartfelt moments and launched the acting careers of "Brat Pack" members Emilio Estevez, Anthony Michael Hall, Rob Lowe, Andrew McCarthy, Demi Moore, Judd Nelson, Molly Ringwald, and Ally Sheedy, as well as John Candy and Macaulay Culkin.
Matteo Ferrari
Matteo Ferrari Cavaliere OMRI (Italian pronunciation: [matˈtɛːo ferˈraːri]; born 5 December 1979) is an Italian former footballer who played as a defender  He played top-flight football for several Italian clubs in Serie A, Everton of the Premier League, and for the Montreal Impact in Major League Soccer. He was usually deployed as a centre-back, although he was capable of playing anywhere along the back-line.

Ferrari played for Italy at the Summer Olympics in 2000 and 2004, winning Bronze at the latter edition of the tournament. He also made 11 full international appearances for his country between 2002 and 2004, featuring in the Italian squad that took part at Euro 2004.

Football at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament
The men's football tournament at the 2004 Summer Olympics was held in Athens and four other cities in Greece from 11 to 28 August. The tournament featured 16 men's national teams from the six continental confederations. The 16 teams were drawn into four groups of four, in which each team would play each of the others once. At the end of the group stage, the top two teams advanced to the knockout stage, beginning with the quarter-finals and culminating with the final at Athens Olympic Stadium on 28 August 2004.
Satpal Singh
Satpal Singh (born 1 February 1955), also known as Guru Satpal, is a wrestling coach and former wrestler of India. He was a gold medalist in 1982 Asian Games and a bronze medalist in 1974 Asian Games. Today he is better known as the coach of Olympic medal winners Sushil Kumar and Ravi Kumar Dahiya.

He was awarded Padma Bhushan, the third highest civilian award of India, in 2015.

Wrestling at the 1974 Asian Games
Wrestling was one of the events at the 1974 Asian Games held in Aryamehr Indoor Stadium, Tehran, Iran between 8 and 13 September 1974. Iran topped the medal table, in terms of golds (13 out of 21 golds) and the overall medal count (19 out of 60 overall medals).
Buck Flowers
Allen Ralph "Buck" Flowers, Jr. (March 26, 1899 – April 8, 1983) was an American college football player who was a halfback for the Davidson Wildcats football team of Davidson College in 1917 and for the Georgia Tech Golden Tornado football team of the Georgia School of Technology in 1918, 1919 and 1920.

A triple threat, Flowers also handled punting and drop kicks. Coach William Alexander said Flowers was the best punter Tech ever had and the best back he ever coached, calling him "pound for pound, my greatest player". As a safety on defense, no player ever got past Flowers for a touchdown.

In 1955, he became the first Georgia Tech football player to be inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame. Flowers was also selected as a halfback on an Associated Press Southeast Area All-Time football team 1869–1919 era.

Pound for pound
Pound for pound is a ranking used in combat sports, such as boxing, wrestling, or mixed martial arts, adjusted to compensate for weight class. As fighters in different weight classes do not compete directly, determining the best fighter pound for pound requires subjective judgment, and ratings often vary as a result.
White Horse Inn (Broadway version)
White Horse Inn is the title of the Broadway version of the operetta Im weißen Rößl. The original operetta by Erik Charell and composers Ralph Benatzky and Robert Stolz was based on the popular farce of the same name by Oscar Blumenthal and Gustav Kadelburg. It was premiered at Berlin's Großes Schauspielhaus on 8 November 1930 and ran for 416 performances. The Broadway version was premiered on 1 October 1936 at the Center Theatre in New York City. It had a libretto by David Freedman and lyrics by Irving Caesar. The original score was re-orchestrated by Hans Spialek.

Gustav Kadelburg
Gustav Kadelburg (26 January 1851, in Pest – 11 September 1925, in Berlin) was a Hungarian-German actor and dramatist. He co-authored the hit 1897 play The White Horse Inn with Oscar Blumenthal which enjoyed popularity in both Europe and the United States during the late 19th and early 20th centuries; including an 1899 Broadway production. The play has been adapted multiple times; including films and a highly successful 1930 operetta.
Jazz box
Jazz box or jazz square is a dance move whose name comes from its basic footwork: its four steps form a square pattern.  It may be seen in numerous dances of various styles, including line dance, novelty dances, jazz dance, disco, and hip hop.

Dance crazes
Novelty and fad dances are dances which are typically characterized by a short burst of popularity. Some of them, like the Twist, Y.M.C.A. and the Hokey Pokey, have shown much longer-lasting popularity. They are also called dance fads or dance crazes.
Kway chap
Kway chap (Chinese: 粿汁; pinyin: guǒzhī; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kóe-chiap), also spelt kway jap and kueh jap, is a Teochew noodle soup originating in Chinese cuisine consisting of flat, broad rice sheets (kway) in a soup made with dark soy sauce, served with an assortment of pork cuts including offal, pork belly, intestines, and pig's ears, braised duck meat, various kinds of beancurd, preserved salted vegetables, and braised hard-boiled eggs.

Alongside Southern China, the dish is popular particularly in Singapore where there is a significant Teochew diaspora community. Similar variants of the dish can be found in other parts of Southeast Asia such as Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand.

Northern and southern China
Northern China (Chinese: 中国北方 or 中国北部; lit. 'China's North') and southern China (Chinese: 中国南方 or 中国南部; lit. 'China's South') are two approximate regions that display certain differences in terms of their geography, demographics, economy, and culture.
Buddy Marucci
George Edward "Buddy" Marucci Jr (born March 6, 1952) is an American businessman and amateur golfer. He has played in more than 50 USGA amateur championships, and is perhaps best known for battling 19-year-old Tiger Woods in the final round of the 1995 U.S. Amateur, losing by two holes and forcing the defending champion to the 36th (and final) hole.

Marucci owned four car dealerships in the Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, area in 2006, including a Mercedes-Benz dealership, and was the longtime co-owner of a luxury car dealership in West Chester. His business dealings made him wealthy enough to afford memberships in some of the most famous private golf clubs around the country, including Winged Foot, Seminole, Pine Valley, Caves Valley, and Cypress Point.

Seminole Golf Club
Seminole Golf Club is a private golf club in the southeastern United States, located in Juno Beach, Florida.  Designed by Donald Ross in 1929, it is consistently ranked as one of the top 100 courses in the nation.