hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Polish student ID
The  Polish student ID (Polish: Legitymacja studencka) is a document certifying that the person is enrolled in an institution of higher education (e.g., university) in Poland.

The student ID is issued upon matriculation and is valid until the completion of the studies, unenrolment as a student, or removal of students' rights. The ID is revalidated every semester, by means of issuing a holographic sticker issued by the organizational unit of the university.

The student ID entitles the holder to discounted fares on public transportation (trains and buses). However, after expiring 26 years of age, the train discounts are no longer valid.

The electronic student ID was introduced in 2006, and combines the functions of three traditional (paper) personal documents: the paper student ID, the library card, and travel card (karta miejska).

Every Polish student ID (in form of a smart card) constitutes a valid MIFARE card.

MIFARE
MIFARE is a series of integrated circuit (IC) chips used in contactless smart cards and proximity cards.

The brand includes proprietary solutions based on various levels of the ISO/IEC 14443 Type-A 13.56 MHz contactless smart card standard. It uses AES and DES/Triple-DES encryption standards, as well as an older proprietary encryption algorithm, Crypto-1. According to NXP, 10 billion of their smart card chips and over 150 million reader modules have been sold.

The MIFARE trademark is owned by NXP Semiconductors, which was spun off from Philips Electronics in 2006.
Whitehead theorem
In homotopy theory (a branch of mathematics), the Whitehead theorem states that if a continuous mapping f between CW complexes X and Y induces isomorphisms on all homotopy groups, then f is a homotopy equivalence. This result was proved by J. H. C. Whitehead in two landmark papers from 1949, and provides a justification for working with the concept of a CW complex that he introduced there. It is a model result of algebraic topology, in which the behavior of certain algebraic invariants (in this case, homotopy groups) determines a topological property of a mapping.

Homotopy
In topology, two continuous functions from one topological space to another are called homotopic (from Ancient Greek: ὁμός homós 'same, similar' and τόπος tópos 'place') if one can be "continuously deformed" into the other, such a deformation being called a homotopy (/həˈmɒtəpiː/ hə-MOT-ə-pee; /ˈhoʊmoʊˌtoʊpiː/ HOH-moh-toh-pee) between the two functions. A notable use of homotopy is the definition of homotopy groups and cohomotopy groups, important invariants in algebraic topology.

In practice, there are technical difficulties in using homotopies with certain spaces. Algebraic topologists work with compactly generated spaces, CW complexes, or spectra.
Paul van Herck
Paul van Herck (19 May 1938 in Berchem – 19 June 1989) was a Belgian writer of science fiction novels and radio plays.

Van Herck was a Dutch and French language teacher. He debuted with radio plays for the BRT but became most well known for making plays for the Dutch TROS of which his series about space reporter and NASA astronaut Matt Meldon was the most famous.

Apart from his radio plays he wrote many science fiction novels of which Sam, of de Pluterdag (translated in English as Where were you last Pluterday?) was the most notable. The novel won the first prize at the first European Science Fiction Convention in the Italian city Trieste.

Berchem
Berchem (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈbɛrxɛm] ⓘ) is a southern district of the municipality and city of Antwerp in the Flemish Region of Belgium. Berchem is located along the old Grote Steenweg (Dutch for 'Big Paved Road') that has connected Brussels to Antwerp for several centuries; the town borders the districts of Deurne, Borgerhout, Wilrijk and Antwerp and the municipality of Mortsel. Berchem itself consists of three quarters, Oud Berchem, Groenenhoek and Nieuw Kwartier.

The 'Ring', Antwerp's circular motorway which follows the track of the former city defense walls, cuts Berchem in two parts, separating the urban inner city area of Oud-Berchem (intra muros) from the more residential and suburban areas Groenenhoek, Pulhof and Nieuw Kwartier (extra muros).

It was a separate municipality until 1983. On 1 January 1983, it was absorbed into the municipality of Greater Antwerp whereby Berchem became one of the 9 districts.
Pothnal
Pothnal is a village in the Manvi taluk of Raichur district in the Indian state of Karnataka. It is well connected by road and lies on Karnataka State Highway 23. Pothnal is 22 kilometres (14 mi) from Manvi and 24 kilometres (15 mi) from Sindhanur. It lies on the bank of a nala called Pothnal Nala.

A jatra is held at the Huchchabuddeshwara Temple every August. The nearest major railway station is in Raichur.

Pothnal has two NGOs: Vimukthi Charitable Trust and Navanirmana Trust.

Jatra (Maharashtra)
Jatra or Urus are annual festivals held in a large number of villages in the Indian state of Maharashtra during the months of January to May. These may be in honour of the village Hindu deity (Gram devta) or the tomb (dargah) of a local Sufi pir. In some instances, the holy man in the tomb is revered under different names by Hindus and Muslims. Apart from religious observations, celebrations may include bullock-cart racing, kabbadi, wrestling tournaments, a fair and entertainment such as a lavani/tamasha show by travelling dance troupes. A number of families eat meat preparations only during this period. In some villages, women are given a break from cooking and other household chores by their menfolk.
Franciszek Smuda
Franciszek Smuda (Polish pronunciation: [fraɲˈt͡ɕiʂɛk ˈsmuda]; 22 June 1948 – 18 August 2024) was a Polish football player and manager.

As a player, he spent his career playing for clubs in Poland, the United States and Germany. In 1983, he turned to coaching, becoming the manager of Widzew Łódź, Wisła Kraków, Legia Warsaw and Lech Poznań, among others. He has won three Polish Ekstraklasa titles. From 2009 he was the manager of the Poland national team, but resigned on 16 June 2012, following their elimination from Euro 2012.

2005–06 Ekstraklasa
The 2005–06 Ekstraklasa (also known as Orange Ekstraklasa due to its sponsorship by Orange Polska) started on 24 July 2005 and ended 13 May 2006. Legia Warsaw were crowned champions after ending Wisła Kraków's three season winning streak. This was Legia's first title since 2002.
Betty Harper
Betty Harper (born October 4, 1946) is an American artist and illustrator.  Best known as the official artist for Elvis Presley Enterprises, she has drawn over 20,000 images of Elvis Presley.  A retrospective of Harper's work, "50+ Years with Elvis," was exhibited at the Musicians Hall of Fame and Museum in 2013.

Elvis Presley Enterprises
Elvis Presley Enterprises, Inc. (EPE) is a corporate entity created by "The Elvis Presley Trust" to conduct business and manage its assets, including Graceland. EPE's business extends far beyond the Graceland operation, and includes worldwide licensing of Elvis-related products and ventures, the development of Elvis-related music, film, video, television and stage productions, the ongoing development of EPE's Internet presence and the management of significant music publishing assets.
2023 Poland Darts Masters
The 2023 Superbet Poland Darts Masters was the first Professional Darts Corporation tournament organised in Poland, and the fourth entry in the 2023 World Series of Darts. The tournament featured 16 players (eight top-ranking players and eight regional qualifiers) and was held at the Arena COS Torwar in Warsaw, Poland on 7–8 July 2023. The event was announced on 23 March 2023, and betting company Superbet were announced as the sponsors on 29 June.

Michael van Gerwen became the inaugural champion after defeating Dimitri Van den Bergh 8–3 in the final. The final average of Michael van Gerwen (113.22) was his highest average during a television tournament since 2017.

Nathan Aspinall
Nathan Paul Aspinall (born 15 July 1991) is an English professional darts player who competes in Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) events, where he is ranked world number fourteen; he reached a peak ranking of world number four in 2024. Nicknamed "the Asp", he has won two PDC major televised titles: the UK Open in 2019 and the World Matchplay in 2023. Aspinall has won a total of 11 PDC titles in his professional career, including three European Tour titles on the 2025 PDC Pro Tour. He won his first World Series of Darts title at the 2019 US Darts Masters.

In the PDC World Darts Championship, Aspinall is a two-time semi-finalist with back-to-back semi-final appearances in 2019 and 2020.
Battle Bakraid
Battle Bakraid is a vertical scrolling shoot 'em up arcade game by Eighting released in 1999. It is the spiritual successor (sometimes incorrectly thought of as a sequel) to the 1996 arcade game Battle Garegga. Players control one of nine fighter jets and shoot enemies, collect power-ups, and defeat bosses to advance through the game.

In 2022, the game was included as part of the Sega Astro City Mini V, a vertically oriented variant of the Sega Astro City mini console, marking its first appearance outside the arcades.

Eighting
Eighting Co., Ltd., stylized as 8ing, is a Japanese video game developer and publisher. It formerly existed as two separate companies: Eighting and Raizing. It is known for its shoot 'em ups and its licensed fighting games.

Eighting's name comes from nanakorobi yaoki, a Japanese proverb that says "fall down seven times and get up eight times." Raizing was derived from raijingu (rising) and Raijin, the Japanese god of lightning.
Saimon Sutt
Saimon Sutt (born 12 April 1995) is an Estonian professional basketball player who plays for TalTech of the Latvian-Estonian Basketball League. Standing at 2.00 m (6 ft 7 in), he plays at the small forward position.

BC Pärnu
BC Pärnu, also known as Transcom Pärnu for sponsorship reasons, is a professional basketball club based in Pärnu, Estonia. The team plays in the Estonian-Latvian Basketball League and the Korvpalli Meistriliiga (KML). Their home arena is the Pärnu Sports Hall. In 2022, the team won their first and only KML title.
Igusa quartic
In algebraic geometry, the Igusa quartic (also called the Castelnuovo–Richmond quartic CR4 or the Castelnuovo–Richmond–Igusa quartic) is a quartic hypersurface in 4-dimensional projective space, studied by Igusa (1962).
It is closely related to the moduli space of genus 2 curves with level 2 structure. It is the dual of the Segre cubic.

It can be given as a codimension 2 variety in P5 by the equations

Moduli space
In mathematics, in particular algebraic geometry, a moduli space  is a geometric space (usually a scheme or an algebraic stack) whose points represent algebro-geometric objects of some fixed kind, or isomorphism classes of such objects.  Such spaces frequently arise as solutions to classification problems:  If one can show that a collection of interesting objects (e.g., the smooth algebraic curves of a fixed genus) can be given the structure of a geometric space, then one can parametrize such objects by introducing coordinates on the resulting space.  In this context, the term "modulus" is used synonymously with "parameter"; moduli spaces were first understood as spaces of parameters rather than as spaces of objects. A variant of moduli spaces is formal moduli. Bernhard Riemann first used the term "moduli" in 1857.
Moritz Hochschild
Moritz (Mauricio) Hochschild (February 17, 1881 – June 12, 1965) was a leading mining industry businessman in the first half of the twentieth century. Along with Simón Iturri Patiño and Carlos Víctor Aramayo, he was one of the three so-called Bolivian tin barons. Additionally, he saved thousands of Jews during the Holocaust by facilitating their legal admission to Bolivia.

Metallgesellschaft
Metallgesellschaft AG was formerly one of Germany's largest industrial conglomerates based in Frankfurt. It had over 20,000 employees and revenues in excess of 10 billion US dollars. It had over 250 subsidiaries specializing in mining, specialty chemicals (Chemetall), commodity trading, financial services, and engineering (Lurgi). 
Henry Merton & Company, Ltd was previously a branch of the Metallgesellschaft.
Homocitrate synthase
In enzymology, a homocitrate synthase (EC 2.3.3.14) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

The three substrates of this enzyme are α-ketoglutaric acid, acetyl-CoA, and water. Its products are (-)-homoisocitric acid and coenzyme A.

This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those acyltransferases that convert acyl groups into alkyl groups on transfer.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is acetyl-CoA:2-oxoglutarate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing, carboxymethyl forming). Other names in common use include 2-hydroxybutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylate 2-oxoglutarate-lyase, (CoA-acetylating), acetyl-coenzyme A:2-ketoglutarate C-acetyl transferase, and homocitrate synthetase.  This enzyme participates in lysine biosynthesis and pyruvate metabolism.

Acyl group
In chemistry, an acyl group is a moiety derived by the removal of one or more hydroxyl groups from an oxoacid, including inorganic acids. It contains a double-bonded oxygen atom and an organyl group (R−C=O) or hydrogen in the case of formyl group (H−C=O). In organic chemistry, the acyl group (IUPAC name alkanoyl if the organyl group is alkyl) is usually derived from a carboxylic acid, in which case it has the formula R−C(=O)−, where R represents an organyl group or hydrogen. Although the term is almost always applied to organic compounds, acyl groups can in principle be derived from other types of acids such as sulfonic acids and phosphonic acids. In the most common arrangement, acyl groups are attached to a larger molecular fragment, in which case the carbon and oxygen atoms are linked by a double bond.
2007–08 Belgian First Division
The 2007–08 season of the Belgian First Division began on August 3, 2007, and concluded on May 10, 2008. The championship was decided in the 31st round on April 20, 2008, when Standard Liège beat Anderlecht 2–0 at home. For Standard it was their 9th League Championship, but just their first in the last 25 years. At the other end of the table, Brussels and Sint-Truiden were relegated on matchdays 31 and 32 respectively. Behind Standard, Anderlecht and Club Brugge fought until the end for the second place which gives right to a place in the qualifying rounds of the 2008–09 UEFA Champions League. On the penultimate matchday, Anderlecht won against Club Brugge with 2–0 which proved decisive in the end for them to become second.

K.S.V. Roeselare
Koninklijke Sport Vereniging Roeselare, abbreviated to KSV Roeselare (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌkaːʔɛsfeː ˈrusəˌlaːrə]), also known in French as KSV Roulers, was a Belgian football club from the city of Roeselare in West Flanders.  Its matricule was 134. It last played at the highest level of Belgian football from 2005–06 until 2009–10, but finally folded in 2020 after having relegated to the third level and going bankrupt.
Raul Cuadra Chamberlain
Raul Cuadra Chamberlain (1924–1974) was a Nicaraguan musician and advertising pioneer. He was a son of the economist Vicente Cuadra Gómez and grandson of José Vicente Cuadra.

In the 1940s, he traveled through Nicaragua and the rest of Central America with his orchestra, El Champu de Carino. Audiences were delighted with his singing and the music of his orchestra. To contribute to the expense of traveling, he started to advertise various products and services of different businesses during the intermissions of Champu de Carino shows.

In 1950, he founded one of the first advertising agencies in the country - Publicidad Cuadra Chamberlain, just as Nicaragua was experiencing a post World War II economic boom. In 1956, his elder brother Vicente joined the agency as general manager. In 1961, due to health problems, Raul stepped down to concentrate on his music. He continued to work as a consultant on special projects for the agency until his death in 1974.

José Vicente Cuadra
José Vicente de la Cuadra y Ruy Lugo (25 July 1812, in Granada, Nicaragua – 10 December 1894) served as President of Nicaragua from 1 March 1871 to 1 March 1875 during that country's late-19th-century reconstruction. As a member of the Conservative Party, he governed in the early years of the era to be known as the Thirty Five Years of Conservatism in Nicaragua's political history.
Cuadra's family had roots in Nicaragua since the days of the conquistadors. The Cuadra family's wealth and power came from interests in banking, agriculture, and mining. During most of his lifetime, Vicente Cuadra was one of the richest landowners in the country.
Northern Pacific Railroad Shops Historic District
The Northern Pacific Railroad Shops Historic District, located in Brainerd, in the U.S. state of Minnesota is a set of buildings built by the Northern Pacific Railroad and later listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

The site was originally built in 1882. A passenger station at the site was destroyed by fire and rebuilt around 1919, using concrete and brick for walls and green Ludowici tile for the building's roof. The ground floor of the building had a waiting room, women's room, smoking room, and baggage room, while the second-floor hosted offices of the Minnesota and International Railway and Northern Pacific officers.

The buildings were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.

Ludowici Roof Tile
Ludowici Roof Tile, LLC., based in New Lexington, Ohio, is an American manufacturer of clay roof tiles, floor tiles, and wall cladding. The company was established in 1888 with the formation of the Celadon Terra Cotta Company in Alfred, New York. It has created tiles for many prominent buildings throughout the United States.
Eve Billing
Eve Billing (1923–2019) was a UK plant pathologist specialising in diseases of fruit trees especially fire blight caused by Erwinia amylovora bacteria. She introduced a modelling system to predict the likelihood of outbreaks of fire blight and also methods for pathogen identification and treatment.

Plant pathology
Plant pathology or phytopathology is the scientific study of plant diseases caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). Plant pathology involves the study of pathogen identification, disease etiology, disease cycles, economic impact, plant disease epidemiology, plant disease resistance, how plant diseases affect humans and animals, pathosystem genetics, and management of plant diseases.
2005 Italian Open – Men's singles
Rafael Nadal defeated Guillermo Coria in the final, 6–4, 3–6, 6–3, 4–6, 7–6(8–6) to win the men's singles tennis title at the 2005 Italian Open. Nadal was making his tournament debut, and it was the first of an eventual record ten Italian Open titles. The final is considered one of the best matches in tournament history.

Carlos Moyá was the defending champion, but lost in the first round to Potito Starace.

Potito Starace
Potito Starace (Italian pronunciation: [poˈtiːto staˈraːtʃe]; born 14 July 1981) is an Italian former professional tennis player on the ATP Tour. He achieved a career-high singles ranking of world no. 27 on October 15, 2007. He was a clay court specialist, and was coached by Umberto Rianna.

Starace was banned from tennis for life by the Italian Tennis Federation and by the Tennis Integrity Unit for betting offences.
Joseph Catalanotti
Joseph Catalanotti (born Giuseppe Catalanotti; 1887–1946) was an Italian-American labor leader who co-founded the Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America union, served as one of its vice presidents, and also served as president of the Free Italy American Labor Council.

Jacob Potofsky
Jacob Samuel Potofsky (November 26, 1894 – August 5, 1979) was a Russian-born American trade unionist, best known as second president of the Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America, succeeding founder Sidney Hillman.
Palazzo Corner Valmarana
Palazzo Corner Valmarana is a palace in Venice, located in the San Marco district and overlooking the Grand Canal. It locates not far from the Ponte di Rialto, between Palazzo Cavalli and Palazzo Grimani di San Luca.

Rialto Bridge
The Rialto Bridge (Italian: Ponte di Rialto; Venetian: Ponte de Rialto) is the oldest of the four bridges spanning the Grand Canal in Venice, Italy. Connecting the sestieri (districts) of San Marco and San Polo, it has been rebuilt several times since its first construction as a pontoon bridge in 1173, and is now a significant tourist attraction in the city.

The present stone bridge is a single span designed by Antonio da Ponte. Construction began in 1588 and was completed in 1591. It is similar to the wooden bridge it succeeded. Two ramps lead up to a central portico. On either side of the portico, the covered ramps carry rows of shops. The engineering of the bridge was considered so audacious that architect Vincenzo Scamozzi predicted future ruin. The bridge has defied its critics to become one of the architectural icons, and top tourist attractions, in Venice.
La Panchita
María de los Ángeles Muñoz Rodríguez, known by her stage name La Panchita, was a Mexican singer.

She took her stage name from the song of the same name by Joaquín Pardavé. She began her career singing rancheras, but after a tour of South America, she brought new songs to her repertoire, such as the Peruvian waltz "Nube gris". In the 1940s and 1950s, she recorded many songs for the Peerless and RCA Víctor labels, with the Mariachi Vargas de Tecalitlán.

She married the Ecuadorian ventriloquist Paco Miller. She died on 8 November 2014 in Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.

Joaquín Pardavé
Joaquín Pardavé Arce (30 September 1900 – 20 July 1955) was a Mexican film actor, director, songwriter and screenwriter of the Golden Age of Mexican cinema. He was best known for starring and directing various comedy films during the 1940s. In some of them, Pardavé paired with one of Mexico's most famous actresses, Sara García. The films in which they starred are El baisano Jalil, El barchante Neguib, El ropavejero, and La familia Pérez. These actors had on-screen chemistry together, and are both noted for playing a wide variety of comic characters from Lebanese foreigners to middle-class Mexicans.
Osman Nuri Eralp
Osman Nuri Eralp (1876–1940) was a Turkish politician, veterinarian and microbiologist.

Eralp was born in Arapgir, Malatya in the Ottoman Empire. He completed his university education at "Mekteb-i Tıbbiye-i Mülkiye" which was the medical school of Darülfünun (House of Multiple Sciences, name of Istanbul University in Ottoman era). To continue studying for a post-graduate qualification, he attended Sorbonne and Pasteur Institute. After graduation, he worked as a veterinarian and also continued his researches. After 1908, he worked as a full-time academic at Istanbul University and Ankara University. He lectured on histology and embryology.

He notably contributed to the field of bacteriology via his research on microorganisms (tuberculosis, anthrax, cholera, syphilis, gonorrhea), and the field of virology by his research on rinderpest.

He wrote the first science fiction book in Turkey called Başka Dünyalarda Canlı Mahlukat Var Mıdır? (Are there alive creatures in other worlds?).

Bacteriology
Bacteriology is the branch and specialty of biology that studies the morphology, ecology, genetics and biochemistry of bacteria as well as many other aspects related to them. This subdivision of microbiology involves the identification, classification, and characterization of bacterial species. Because of the similarity of thinking and working with microorganisms other than bacteria, such as protozoa, fungi, and non-microorganism viruses, there has been a tendency for the field of bacteriology to extend as microbiology. The terms were formerly often used interchangeably. However, bacteriology can be classified as a distinct science.