hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hanging of Patrick O'Connor
The hanging of Patrick O'Connor happened on June 20, 1834, in Dubuque, Michigan Territory, to a man convicted in Iowa's first murder trial. He was an immigrant from Ireland to the United States. The hanging occurred after his attempted lynching on May 19, 1834. The case and others like it showed a need for formal laws in the territory.

Lynching
Lynching is an extrajudicial killing by a group. It is most often used to characterize informal public executions by a mob in order to punish an alleged or convicted transgressor or to intimidate others. It can also be an extreme form of informal group social control, and it is often conducted with the display of a public spectacle (often in the form of a hanging) for maximum intimidation. Instances of lynchings and similar mob violence can be found in all societies.

In the United States, where the word lynching likely originated, the practice became associated with vigilante justice on the frontier and mob attacks on African Americans accused of crimes. The latter became frequent in the South during the period after the Reconstruction era, especially during the nadir of American race relations. Black people are thought to be the primary victims of lynching in the U.S. (about 72% of the total).
2011 Tour de France, Stage 1 to Stage 11
These are the profiles for the individual stages in the 2011 Tour de France, with Stage 1 on 2 July, and Stage 11 on 13 July.
In February 2012 following doping allegations a decision by the Court of Arbitration for Sport stripped of all results of Alberto Contador obtained in and later than the 2010 Tour de France, which led him to being stripped of that title, as well as his results in the 2011 Tour de France. His results have thus been removed here, with cyclists behind him moving up one spot.

Thor Hushovd
Thor Hushovd (born 18 January 1978) is a Norwegian former professional road bicycle racer. He is known for sprinting and time trialing, having been a three-time Norwegian national road race champion (2004, 2010, 2013), and was the winner of the 2010 World Road Race Championships, making him the first Scandinavian to do so. He was also the first Norwegian to lead the Tour de France and is the Scandinavian with the most stage wins in Grand Tours. He is widely considered the greatest Norwegian cyclist of all time. He retired in September 2014.
Mutford and Lothingland Rural District
Mutford and Lothingland Rural District was a rural district within the administrative county of East Suffolk between 1894 and 1934. It was created out of the earlier Mutford and Lothingland rural sanitary district. It was named after the historic hundred of Mutford and Lothingland, whose boundaries it closely matched.

In 1904 a new Oulton Broad Urban District was created out of parts of Carlton Colville and Oulton parishes. Oulton Broad UD was absorbed by the Municipal Borough of Lowestoft in 1919.

In 1934, under a County Review Order, Mutford and Lothingland Rural District was abolished and its parishes transferred to the new Lothingland Rural District, apart from Gunton and some part parishes which were added to Lowestoft MB. In 1974 the area was divided between the new districts of Great Yarmouth (in Norfolk) and Waveney in Suffolk.

Sanitary district
Sanitary districts were established in England and Wales in 1872 and in Ireland in 1878.  The districts were of two types, based on existing structures:

Urban sanitary districts in towns with existing local government bodies

Rural sanitary districts in the remaining rural areas of poor law unions.

Each district was governed by a local board of health, which was responsible for various public health matters such as providing clean drinking water, sewers, street cleaning, and clearing slum housing.

In England and Wales both rural and urban sanitary districts were replaced under by the Local Government Act 1894 (56 & 57 Vict. c. 73) by the more general rural districts and urban districts.  A similar reform was carried out in Ireland in 1899 under the Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898.
Puerto Rican Spanish
Puerto Rican Spanish is the variety of the Spanish language as characteristically spoken in Puerto Rico and by millions of people of Puerto Rican descent living in the United States and elsewhere. It belongs to the group of Caribbean Spanish variants and, as such, is largely derived from Canarian Spanish and Andalusian Spanish. Outside of Puerto Rico, the Puerto Rican accent of Spanish is also commonly heard in the U.S. Virgin Islands and many U.S. mainland cities like Orlando, New York City, Philadelphia, Miami, Tampa, Boston, Cleveland, and Chicago, among others. However, not all stateside Puerto Ricans have knowledge of Spanish. Opposite to island-born Puerto Ricans who primarily speak Spanish, many stateside-born Puerto Ricans primarily speak English, although many stateside Puerto Ricans are fluent in Spanish and English, and often alternate between the two languages.

Mayagüez, Puerto Rico
Mayagüez (Spanish pronunciation: [maʝaˈɣwes], locally [maʝaˈweʔ]) is the ninth-largest municipality in Puerto Rico. It was founded as Pueblo de Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria de Mayagüez (Township of Our Lady of Candelaria), and is also known as La Sultana del Oeste (The Sultaness of the West), Ciudad de las Aguas Puras (City of Pure Waters), or Ciudad del Mangó (Mango City). On April 6, 1894, the Spanish Crown granted it the formal title of Excelente Ciudad de Mayagüez (Excellent City of Mayagüez). Mayagüez is located in the center of the western coast on the island of Puerto Rico. It has a population of 73,077, and it is the principal city of the Mayagüez Metropolitan Statistical Area (pop. 213,831) and the Mayagüez–Aguadilla, PR Combined Statistical Area (pop. 467,599).
Charlton Musgrove
Charlton Musgrove is a village and civil parish in Somerset, England, situated 1 mile (1.6 km) north east of Wincanton. The village has a population of 398. The parish includes the hamlets of Barrow, Holbrook, Southmarsh, and part of Shalford.

Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway
The Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway (S&DJR, also known as the S&D, S&DR or SDJR), was an English railway line jointly owned by the Midland Railway (MR) and the London and South Western Railway (LSWR) that grew to connect Bath (in north-east Somerset) and Bournemouth (then in Hampshire; now in south-east Dorset), with a branch in Somerset from Evercreech Junction to Burnham-on-Sea and Bridgwater. Strictly speaking, its main line only ran from Bath Junction to Broadstone, as the Bath to Bath Junction section was wholly owned by the MR and the Broadstone to Bournemouth section was owned by the LSWR.

Brought under joint ownership in 1876, the S&DJR was used for freight and local passenger traffic over the Mendip Hills, and for weekend holiday traffic to Bournemouth. Criticised as the "Slow and Dirty" or the "Slow and Doubtful", it closed in 1966 as part of the Beeching axe despite protests from the local community.
Halvor Hansson
Halvor Hansson (4 June 1886 – 1956) was a Norwegian military officer.

During the German occupation of Norway Hansson and Olaf Helset were given the task of performing military evaluation on behalf of Otto Ruge, who was then a prisoner-of-war. Their initiative is regarded as the startup of Milorg, the Norwegian military resistance organization. Hansson was arrested in January 1941. He was promoted Major General in 1945, and served as acting Chief of Defense of Norway in 1946.

His wife since 1915, Øyvor Hansson, turned out to be a Nasjonal Samling and Vidkun Quisling devotee; the couple were divorced.

Nasjonal Samling
The Nasjonal Samling (Norwegian: [nɑʂʊˈnɑːɫ ˈsɑ̂mlɪŋ], NS; lit. 'National Gathering') was a Norwegian far-right political party active from 1933 to 1945. It was the only legal party of Norway from 1942 to 1945. It was founded by former Minister of Defence Vidkun Quisling and a group of supporters such as Johan Bernhard Hjort – who led the party's paramilitary wing (Hirden) for a short time before leaving the party in 1937 after various internal conflicts. The party celebrated its founding on 17 May, Norway's national holiday, but was founded on 13 May 1933. Nasjonal Samling was made illegal and disbanded at the end of World War II in Europe, on 8 May 1945.
Church of la Asunción de Nuestra Señora
The Church of la Asunción de Nuestra Señora (Spanish: Iglesia de la Asunción de Nuestra Señora) is a church located in Algete, Spain. It was declared Bien de Interés Cultural in the Spanish heritage register in 2001.

Bien de Interés Cultural
Bien de Interés Cultural (Basque: Kultura Intereseko Ondasun, Catalan: Bé d'Interès Cultural, Valencian: Bé d'Interés Cultural, Galician: Ben de Interese Cultural) is a category of the heritage register in Spain. The term is also used in Colombia and other Spanish-speaking countries.

The term literally means a "good of cultural interest" ("goods" in the economic sense). It includes not only material heritage (cultural property), like monuments or movable works of art, but also intangible cultural heritage, such as the Silbo Gomero language.

Some bienes enjoy international protection as World Heritage Sites or Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity.
Mitch Dane
Mitch Dane is an American record producer, musician, and songwriter who resides in Nashville. He has worked with artists such as Jars of Clay, JJ Heller, Brandon Heath, Jetty Rae, Sonia Leigh, The Blind Boys of Alabama, The Young Fables, Ole Lonesome, Swearingen and Kelli, Kenny Foster, and many others. He was awarded a Grammy for his work on Jars of Clay's The Eleventh Hour and nominated for Grammys for his work on four other albums. Dane also received ASCAP's "Most Played Song" award for "Nothing Without You", co-written with Bebo Norman. He owns the recording studio Sputnik Sound with Vance Powell.

Sonia Leigh
Sonia Leigh (born December 1978) is an American country music singer-songwriter. Following her 1998 debut, Remember Me, Leigh has performed extensively as a solo artist, headliner, and as the supporting act for Jason Mraz, The Marshall Tucker Band, Zac Brown Band, Blackberry Smoke.

Her 2007 release Run or Surrender was produced by John Hopkins of the Zac Brown Band. Her Southern Ground debut album, 1978 December, was released on September 27, 2011.  The first single off the album is "My Name Is Money," which Juli Thanki of Engine 145 gave a "thumbs up". Leigh also co-wrote the Zac Brown Band singles "Goodbye in Her Eyes" and "Sweet Annie".
Olton & West Warwickshire Hockey Club
Olton & West Warwickshire Hockey Club (Olton & West Warwick for short) is a field hockey club based at the West Warwickshire Sports Club in Grange Road, Olton, Solihull, West Midlands. The club runs a large number of teams featuring men's, women's, juniors and veteran sides.

Olton & West Warwicks men's first X1 play in the Men's England Hockey League Division One North. and the women's first X1 play in the England Hockey League Investec Conference West.

Olton
Olton is an area/suburban village within the Metropolitan Borough of Solihull in the West Midlands, England. In the 13th century, the Lords of the Manor moved their seat and formed a new settlement, at the junction of two major roads. It was then that Ulverlei was being referred to as 'Oulton' (meaning 'old town') to distinguish itself from nearby Solihull. Historically within the county of Warwickshire, the village has gradually become contiguous with Solihull to the southeast, though it retains the character of a large independent village.

It is located on the A41 between Solihull town centre 4 miles (6.4 km), Acocks Green, 2 miles (3.2 km) and Birmingham 5.7 miles (9.2 km). Dating back over a 1,000 years, it is a now a residential suburb. Many of the large houses built in St. Bernard's Road, Grange Road and Kineton Green Road during the Victorian and Edwardian period form part of one of Solihull's conservation areas.
Cola (plant)
Cola is a genus of trees native to the tropical forests of Africa, classified in the family Malvaceae, subfamily Sterculioideae (previously in the separate family Sterculiaceae). Species in this genus are sometimes referred to as kola tree or kola nut for the caffeine-containing fruit produced by the trees that is often used as a flavoring ingredient in beverages. The genus was thought to be closely related to the South American genus Theobroma, or cocoa, but the latter is now placed in a different subfamily. They are evergreen trees, growing up to 20 m tall (about 65 feet), with glossy ovoid leaves up to 30 cm (1 foot) long and star-shaped fruit.

Tropical forest
Tropical forests are forested ecoregions with tropical climates – that is, land areas approximately bounded by the tropics of Cancer and Capricorn, but possibly affected by other factors such as prevailing winds.

Some tropical forest types are difficult to categorize. While forests in temperate areas are readily categorized on the basis of tree canopy density, such schemes do not work well in tropical forests. There is no single scheme that defines what a forest is, in tropical regions or elsewhere. Because of these difficulties, information on the extent of tropical forests varies between sources. However, tropical forests are extensive, making up just under half the world's forests. The tropical domain has the largest proportion of the world's forests (45 percent), followed by the boreal, temperate and subtropical domains.

More than 3.6 million hectares of virgin tropical forest was lost in 2018.
Tanzania at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Tanzania competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 5 to 21 August 2016. Seven athletes, five men and two women, competed in five events across three sports, but did not win any medals. Hilal Hemed Hilal, however, set a new national record in the men's 50 m freestyle event. Four athletes took part in track and field athletics, all in marathons, while two participated in the swimming tournament's 50 m freestyle category. The flagbearer for the opening ceremony was Andrew Thomas Mlugu, who was Tanzania's first Olympic judoka. His counterpart in the closing ceremony was Alphonce Felix Simbu, who had earned the nation's best finish at the Games by placing fifth in the men's marathon. Prior to these Games, Tanzania had sent athletes to twelve editions of the Summer Olympics.

Athletics at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Men's marathon
The men's marathon at the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro took place on the Sambódromo on 21 August, the final day of the Games. One hundred fifty-five athletes from 79 nations competed. The event was won by Eliud Kipchoge of Kenya, the nation's second victory in the event in three Games. Feyisa Lilesa of Ethiopia took silver, while Galen Rupp of the United States took bronze. The defending champion going into the marathon was Ugandan Stephen Kiprotich.
John Pym (rugby union, born 1891)
John Alfred Pym (25 March 1891 – 9 February 1969) was an English international rugby union player.

Pym was born in Surrey, and educated at Cheltenham College.

A scrum-half, Pym played for Blackheath, Cheltenham and United Services. He was capped four times for England, as their only halfback to play all 1912 Five Nations matches. After contributing a try on debut against Wales, playing beside Adrian Stoop, Pym combined with Harry Coverdale for his next to matches, before resuming his partnership with Stoop for the final fixture.

Pym attended the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, and served as a lieutenant with the Royal Garrison Artillery in World War I, during which he was falsely reported in the press as having been killed, on account of a confusion with his initials.

Royal Garrison Artillery
The Royal Garrison Artillery (RGA) was formed in 1899 as a distinct arm of the British Army's  Royal Regiment of Artillery serving alongside the other two arms of the Regiment, the Royal Field Artillery (RFA) and the Royal Horse Artillery (RHA).  The RGA were the 'technical' branch of the Royal Artillery who were responsible for much of the professionalisation of technical gunnery that was to occur during the First World War.  It was originally established to man the guns of the British Empire's forts and fortresses, including coastal artillery batteries, the heavy gun batteries attached to each infantry division and the guns of the siege artillery. The RGA was amalgamated with the RFA in 1924, from which time the only two arms within the Royal Regiment of Artillery have been the Royal Artillery and the Royal Horse Artillery.
Matea Churlinovska
Matea Čurlinovska (Macedonian: Матеа Чурлиновска; born 6 December 2005) is a Macedonian female handballer for ŽRK Kumanovo and the North Macedonia national team.

She represented the North Macedonia at the 2022 European Women's Handball Championship.

2022 European Women's Handball Championship
The 2022 European Women's Handball Championship was held in Slovenia, North Macedonia and Montenegro from 4 to 20 November 2022. The tournament was advanced a month in order not to coincide with the 2022 FIFA World Cup in Qatar. This tournament was the last to feature 16 teams that had been the case since 2002.

The top three team qualified for the 2023 World Championship and the winner will also qualify for the 2024 Summer Olympics.

Norway won their ninth title after defeating Denmark in the final. Bronze went to Montenegro, who defeated France at the extra time.
Border Crossing Card
A Border Crossing Card (BCC) is an identity document used by nationals of Mexico to travel to the United States. As a standalone document, the BCC allows its holder to travel directly from Mexico to the United States by land, pleasure vessel or ferry. When presented with a valid Mexican passport, the BCC also functions as a B-1/B-2 visa and is accepted for travel from any country to any part of the United States by any means of transportation.

Interstate 10
Interstate 10 (I-10) is the southernmost transcontinental highway in the Interstate Highway System of the United States. It is the fourth-longest Interstate in the country at 2,460.34 miles (3,959.53 km), following I-90, I-80, and I-40. It was part of the originally planned Interstate Highway network that was laid out in 1956, and its last section was completed in 1990.

I-10 stretches from the Pacific Ocean at State Route 1 (SR 1, Pacific Coast Highway) in Santa Monica, California, to I-95 in Jacksonville, Florida. Other major cities connected by I-10 include (from west to east) Los Angeles, Phoenix, Tucson, Las Cruces, El Paso, San Antonio, Houston, Baton Rouge, New Orleans, Gulfport, Mobile, Pensacola, and Tallahassee. Over one-third of its total length is within the state of Texas, where the freeway spans the state at its widest breadth.
2010 AIBA Women's World Boxing Championships
The 2010 AIBA Women World Boxing Championships was an international women's boxing competition hosted by Barbados from September 9 to 18, 2010 in Bridgetown. It was the 6th edition of the championship, which debuted in 2001 in Scranton, Pennsylvania, United States.

The World Championship was contested in 10 weight disciplines by 257 amateur women boxers from 66 federations, and was conducted in the Garfield Sobers Gymnasium.

Russia won two gold medals and one silver, while China, the champion in the 2008 edition, finished second with one gold, three silver and three bronze medals, followed by North Korea with one gold and one silver. In all, nine federations provided champions.

Women's boxing
Although women have participated in boxing for almost as long as the sport has existed, female fights have been effectively outlawed for most of boxing's history until recently, with athletic commissioners refusing to sanction or issue licenses to women boxers, and most nations officially banning the sport. Reports of women entering the ring go back to the 18th century.
Jason Bergmann
Jason Christopher Bergmann (born September 25, 1981) is an American former professional baseball pitcher. He was born in Neptune Township, New Jersey, and grew up in Manalapan Township, New Jersey where he played high school baseball at Manalapan High School. In college, he played for Rutgers University.

Neptune Township, New Jersey
Neptune Township is a township in Monmouth County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 28,061, an increase of 126 (+0.5%) from the 2010 census count of 27,935, which in turn reflected an increase of 245 (+0.9%) from the 27,690 counted in the 2000 census.

Featuring Jersey Shore Medical Center, the historic community of Ocean Grove, along with office parks and cultural amenities, Neptune Township has been a longtime regional commercial and cultural hub of the Jersey Shore. The township was named for Neptune, the Roman water deity; referring to its location on the Atlantic Ocean.
Julian of Brioude
Saint Julian of Brioude (†304) was a legendary martyr and saint from the Auvergne region of France. Although the main focus of his cultus was in the small village of Brioude, he was originally from the city of Vienne, and also associated with Clermont. He was most famous through his association with an aristocratic family of bishops of the time, his most notable proponents being St. Gallus of Clermont and St. Gregory of Tours (the latter best known for his Ten Books of Histories). Gregory wrote a vita of Julian, but his attempts to expand the saint's cult from the Auvergne to Touraine and Aquitaine were unsuccessful, and Julian is now only remembered through his basilica in the town of Brioude itself.

Aquitaine
Aquitaine (UK: /ˌækwɪˈteɪn/, US: /ˈækwɪteɪn/; French: [akitɛn] ⓘ; Occitan: Aquitània [akiˈtanjɔ]; Basque: Akitania; Poitevin-Saintongeais: Aguiéne), archaic Guyenne or Guienne (Occitan: Guiana), is a historical region of southwestern France and a former administrative region. Since 1 January 2016 it has been part of the administrative region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine. It is situated in the southwest corner of metropolitan France, along the Atlantic Ocean and the Pyrenees mountain range on the border with Spain. It is composed of five departments: Dordogne, Lot-et-Garonne, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, Landes, and Gironde. The Romans established Gallia Aquitania as a province. In the Middle Ages, Aquitaine was a kingdom and a duchy whose boundaries fluctuated considerably. For most of Aquitaine's written history, Bordeaux has been a vital port and administrative centre.
Jamie Delgado
Jamie Delgado  (born 21 March 1977) is a British tennis coach and former professional player. Delgado has represented Great Britain in the Davis Cup, most recently in 2006.

Delgado holds the all-time male record for playing in consecutive Wimbledon tournaments, playing for the 23rd time in 2014 at the age of 37.

His best singles performance at Wimbledon was reaching the second round, on three occasions (1999, 2001 and 2006).

He reached the quarter-finals of the President's Cup tournament in Kazakhstan in 2000. In total he has won three singles Challenger Tour titles but as the years passed, he became more predominantly a doubles specialist player where he has had better success winning fifteen challenger Tour titles and making the final of two ATP Tour events both in 2012. He has coached Gilles Müller, Andy Murray, Denis Shapovalov, Grigor Dimitrov and Jack Draper.

Marcin Matkowski
Marcin Matkowski (Polish pronunciation: [ˈmartɕin matˈkɔfskʲi]; born 15 January 1981) is a Polish former professional tennis player whose speciality is in doubles. He played college tennis at UCLA, where Jean-Julien Rojer was one of his teammates. Matkowski and Mariusz Fyrstenberg won the Madrid Open twice, in addition to reaching the final at the US Open. The duo also reached the final of the ATP Finals and participated six times at the event overall. Matkowski won 18 doubles title in his career and achieved a highest ranking in doubles of world No. 7 in July 2012.