hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Granulometry (morphology)
In mathematical morphology, granulometry is an approach to compute a size distribution of grains in binary images, using a series of morphological opening operations. It was introduced by Georges Matheron in the 1960s, and is the basis for the characterization of the concept of size in mathematical morphology.

Opening (morphology)
In mathematical morphology, opening is the dilation of the erosion of a set A by a structuring element B:

where  and  denote erosion and dilation, respectively.

Together with closing, the opening serves in computer vision and image processing as a basic workhorse of morphological noise removal. Opening removes small objects from the foreground (usually taken as the bright pixels) of an image, placing them in the background, while closing removes small holes in the foreground, changing small islands of background into foreground. These techniques can also be used to find specific shapes in an image. Opening can be used to find things into which a specific structuring element can fit (edges, corners, ...).

One can think of B sweeping around the inside of the boundary of A, so that it does not extend beyond the boundary, and shaping the A boundary around the boundary of the element.
Gilly-sur-Isère
Gilly-sur-Isère (French pronunciation: [ʒili syʁ izɛʁ], literally Gilly on Isère; Savoyard: Zèlyé) is a commune in the Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in south-eastern France.

Gilly-sur-Isere is situated at the edge of Albertville to the bottom of the Combe de Savoie where you can access the valleys of Maurienne and Tarentaise and the valley of Arly and Beaufortain.

Albertville
Albertville (French pronunciation: [albɛʁvil] ⓘ; Arpitan: Arbèrtvile) is a subprefecture of the Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in southeastern France. 
It is best known for hosting the 1992 Winter Olympics and Paralympics. In 2022, the commune had a population of 19,706; its urban area had 40,715 inhabitants.
Argentina Cove
Argentina Cove is a 1.28 km wide embayment indenting for 330 m the southeast coast of Hurd Peninsula, Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica.  It is part of South Bay, entered between Polish Bluff and Henry Bluff.  The area was frequented by early 19th century sealers operating from nearby Johnsons Dock.

The feature was mapped and named by the Spanish Antarctic Expedition in 1991.

Johnsons Dock
Johnsons Dock is a sheltered 500 m wide cove indenting for 900 m the northwest coast of Hurd Peninsula on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica.  It is part of South Bay entered north of Ballester Point.  Surmounted by Charrúa Ridge on the northeast.  The cove was frequented by early 19th century sealers.

The feature is probably named after Captain Thomas Johnson, Master of the British brig Mellona or Captain Robert Johnson, Master of the American sealing ship Jane Maria and of the schooner Wasp, who visited the South Shetland Islands in the first seasons after their discovery.
Big Time Vaudeville
Big Time Vaudeville was a series of black-and-white 9- to 10-minute short films resembling the Vitaphone Varieties and also produced by Warner Brothers and Vitaphone (at the Brooklyn studios in New York). These consisted of four to six vaudeville acts and are historically interesting with many performers rarely seen on film.

Vitaphone
Vitaphone was a sound film system used for feature films and nearly 1,000 short subjects made by Warner Bros. and its sister studio First National from 1926 to 1931. Vitaphone is the last major analog sound-on-disc system and the only one that was widely used and commercially successful. The soundtrack is not printed on the film, but issued separately on phonograph records. The discs, recorded at 33+1⁄3 rpm (a speed first used for this system) and typically 16 inches (41 cm) in diameter, are played on a turntable physically coupled to the projector motor while the film is projected. Its frequency response is 4300 Hz. Many early talkies, such as The Jazz Singer (1927), used the Vitaphone system. The name "Vitaphone" derived from the Latin and Greek words, respectively, for "living" and "sound".

The "Vitaphone" trademark was later associated with cartoons and other short subjects that had optical soundtracks and did not use discs.
2014 Skate Canada International
The 2014 Skate Canada International was the second event of six in the 2014–15 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating, a senior-level international invitational competition series. It was held at the Prospera Place in Kelowna, British Columbia, on October 31 – November 2. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing. Skaters earned points toward qualifying for the 2014–15 Grand Prix Final.

2014–15 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating
The 2014–15 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating is a series of senior international figure skating competitions in the 2014–15 season. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing. Skaters earned points based on their placement at each event and the top six in each discipline qualified to compete at the Grand Prix Final, held in Barcelona, Spain.

Organized by the International Skating Union, the Grand Prix series began in October 24 and ran until December 14, 2014. The series sets the stage for the 2015 European, Four Continents, and World Championships. The corresponding series for junior-level skaters were the 2014–15 ISU Junior Grand Prix.
Andrew Spano
Andrew J. Spano (born April 17, 1936) is an American politician who served as Westchester County Executive from 1998 to 2009. Spano was defeated by challenger Rob Astorino in the November 2009 election.

He was elected County Executive in 1997, and reelected in 2001 and 2005. Prior to his election as County Executive, Andrew Spano was Westchester County Clerk from 1982 to 1994.

He also served as President of  the board of County Executives of America, an organization representing the interests of counties nationwide.

From 2014 - 2024, Spano has served as Commissioner of the New York State Board of Elections. On January 30, 2024 he retired and Governor Kathy Hochul appointed  Essma Bagnuola to replace him.

Westchester County Clerk
The Westchester County Clerk is the oldest elected office in Westchester County, New York, having been established in 1683. The County Clerk is charged with  maintaining and preserving the official documents and records of the county thereof. The current Westchester County Clerk is Thomas Roach.

The Westchester County Clerk is the Registrar of county land transactions and liens as well as the Court clerk of the Supreme Court and County Court. The position is both a County Official and a New York State Constitutional Officer.
Lower Price Hill Historic District
Lower Price Hill Historic District is a registered historic district in Price Hill, Cincinnati, Ohio, listed in the National Register on November 15, 1988. It is roughly bounded by West Eighth Street, State Street, Burns Street, and English Street. It is located just across the railroad tracks to the west of downtown Cincinnati. This region contains 196 contributing buildings, including single and multiple dwellings, as well as a few businesses. Lower Price Hill is served by the Lower Price Hill Community School.

Price Hill, Cincinnati
Price Hill is a region of Cincinnati, Ohio consisting of three neighborhoods: East Price Hill, West Price Hill, and Lower Price Hill. The region is located in the western part of the city, neighbored by Sedamsville and Riverside to the south, Westwood and South Fairmount to the north, and Queensgate to the west. Originally one of the oldest suburbs of Cincinnati, the region is predominately Catholic, having been an ethnic enclave for both Irish and German Catholics. Price Hill's neighborhoods are residential communities, having a combined population of 36,271 at the 2020 census.
Lemmetsa
Lemmetsa is a village in Pärnu municipality, Pärnu County, in southwestern Estonia. It is located just northeast of Audru, the administrative centre of the municipality, the city of Pärnu is located 8 km southeast. Lemmetsa has a population of 251 (as of 1 January 2011). Prior to the 2017 administrative reform of local governments, it was located in Audru Parish.

Pärnu
Pärnu (Estonian pronunciation: [ˈpærˑnu]) is a city in southwest Estonia. Pärnu is located 128 kilometres (80 mi) south of the Estonian capital, Tallinn, and 176 kilometres (109 mi) west of Estonia's second-largest city, Tartu. The city sits off the coast of Pärnu Bay, an inlet of the Gulf of Riga, which is a part of the Baltic Sea. In the city, the Pärnu River drains into the Gulf of Riga.

Pärnu is a popular summer holiday resort town among Estonians with many hotels, restaurants and large beaches.  The city is served by Pärnu Airport.
Bhojpuri nouns
Bhojpuri nouns are a category of words in the Bhojpuri language. As in most other Indo-Aryan languages, Bhojpuri nouns are of either masculine or feminine gender. Every Bhojpuri noun has three forms viz. short, long and redundant.

The prototypical Bhojpuri noun is characterised by exhibiting certain properties. These properties are durability, complexity, concreteness, compactness and the quality of being individuative in association with their multiple features like size, shape, weight, colour and cultural usage.

Bhojpuri language
Bhojpuri (IPA: /ˌboʊdʒˈpʊəri/; Devanagari: भोजपुरीⓘ, Kaithi: 𑂦𑂷𑂔𑂣𑂳𑂩𑂲, (IPA: [bʰoːdʒpʊɾiː])) is an Indo-Aryan language native to the Bhojpur-Purvanchal region of India and the Terai region of Nepal. It is chiefly spoken in eastern Uttar Pradesh, western Bihar, and northwestern Jharkhand in India, as well as western Madhesh, eastern Lumbini. According to the 2011 Census of India, it is spoken by approximately 50.5 million people.

It is also a minority language in Fiji, Mauritius, Suriname and historically primarily in the Natal province of  South Africa. Fiji Hindi, an official language of Fiji, is a dialect of Bhojpuri spoken by the Indo-Fijians. Caribbean Hindustani is spoken by the Indo-Caribbean people in Guyana, Suriname, Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago. In Mauritius, it is recognised by the government and taught in university as well.

Bhojpuri language is listed as potentially vulnerable in the UNESCO World Atlas of Languages.
Openswan
In the field of computer security, Openswan  provides a complete IPsec implementation for Linux and FreeBSD.

Openswan, begun as a fork of the now-defunct FreeS/WAN project, continues to use the GNU General Public License. Unlike the FreeS/WAN project, it does not exclusively target the Linux operating system.

Libreswan forked from Openswan in 2012.

Fork (software development)
In software development, a fork is a codebase that is created by duplicating an existing codebase and, generally, is subsequently modified independently of the original. Software built from a fork initially has identical behavior as software built from the original code, but as the source code is increasingly modified, the resulting software tends to have increasingly different behavior compared to the original. A fork is a form of branching, but generally involves storing the forked files separately from the original – not in the repository. Reasons for forking a codebase include user preference, stagnated or discontinued development of the original software or a schism in the developer community. Forking proprietary software (such as Unix) is prohibited by copyright law without explicit permission, but free and open-source software, by definition, may be forked without permission.
Indigenous peoples in Guatemala
Indigenous peoples in the country of Guatemala (Spanish: Pueblos Indígenas en Guatemala), also known as Native Guatemalans (Spanish: Guatemaltecos nativos), are the original inhabitants of Guatemala, predating Spanish colonization.

Guatemala is home to about 6.5 million (43.75%) people of Indigenous heritage belonging to the 22 Mayan peoples (Achi’, Akatec, Awakatec, Chalchitec, Ch’ortí, Chuj, Itzá, Ixil, Jacaltec, Kaq- chikel, K’iche, Mam, Mopan, Poqomam, Poqomchí, Q’anjob’al, Q’eqchí, Sakapultec, Sipakapense, Tektitek, Tz’utujil and Us- pantek), Garífuna and Xinca. The Maya are the largest Indigenous population in Guatemala.

Akatek people
The Akatek (Akateko) are a Maya people of Guatemala. Their Indigenous Akatek language belongs to the Q'anjobalan branch of Mayan languages. Most Akatek live in San Miguel Acatán and San Rafael La Independencia, in the department of Huehuetenango.
Lauschied
Lauschied is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Bad Kreuznach district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Bad Sobernheim, whose seat is in the like-named town.

Bad Kreuznach (district)
Bad Kreuznach (German: [baːt ˈkʁɔʏtsnax]) is a district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is bounded by (from the north and clockwise) the districts of Rhein-Hunsrück, Mainz-Bingen, Alzey-Worms, Donnersbergkreis, Kusel and Birkenfeld.
William Linklater
William Linklater also known as Billy Miller (29 July 1868 – 3 November 1958) was a bushman, drover, prospector and writer who spent much of his life in the Northern Territory of Australia.

He is best known for his works The Magic Snake (1946) and Gather No Moss (1968).

Ernestine Hill
Ernestine Hill (born Mary Ernestine Hemmings, 21 January 1899 — 21 August 1972) was an Australian journalist, travel writer and novelist. Known for her various travels across Australia and her writings about the diverse landscapes and cultures in the country, she published books such as The Great Australian Loneliness in 1937 and The Territory in 1951. She also wrote a novel, My Love Must Wait, published in 1941.
Sally Thompson
Sally Thompson (born February 17, 1940) is an American politician who served as the treasurer of Kansas from 1991 to 1998 and as the chief financial officer of the United States Department of Agriculture from 1998 to 2001.

Kansas State Treasurer
The state treasurer of Kansas is the chief custodian of Kansas's cash deposits, monies from bond sales, and other securities and collateral and directs the investments of those assets. The treasurer provides for the safe and efficient operation of state government through effective banking, investment, and cash management.

The treasurer oversees an office that currently handles over $20 billion and an annual operating budget of $3.5 million. Key programs in the office are Bonds Services, Cash Management, Unclaimed Property, the Ag Loan and Housing Loan Deposit Programs and the Kansas 529 Education Savings Program, which has more than 143,000 accounts with total assets of over $2.7 billion. The Treasurer's office is a fee-funded agency. The treasurer also serves as a member of the Kansas Public Employee's Retirement System (KPERS) and the Pooled Money Investment Board.
Roland XP-80
The Roland XP-80 is a music workstation that uses digital PCM subtractive synthesis and combines an updated version of the JV-1080 synthesizer engine with the sequencer capabilities of the Roland MRC-Pro sequencer.  The XP-80 was introduced in 1996  and is now discontinued.

Music workstation
A music workstation is an electronic musical instrument providing the facilities of:

a sound module,

a music sequencer and

(usually) a musical keyboard.

It enables a musician to compose electronic music using just one piece of equipment.
Zalik
Zalik is a neighborhood in the City of Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is part of the Northern metropolitan area.

Zalik is located in the northern part of the city. In the south, it borders the Carina neighborhood, in the west Centar II and Rudnik, whereas in the north the Vrapčići suburb is located. In the east, there is the Podveležje village of Gornje Gnojnice.

Zalik itself is made up of Gornji Zalik ("Upper Zalik"), Pasjak and Abazovina.

Vrapčići, Mostar
Vrapčići is a suburban neighborhood in the City of Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is part of the Northern metropolitan area.

According to the 2013 census, the population of Vrapčići was 3,266. The M-17 road goes right through Vrapčići and connects it with other northern suburbs and the city neighborhood of Zalik. The river Neretva forms the border to Raštani in the west, whereas it borders to Kuti, Livač and the Podveležje village of Dobrč to the east.

This part of the city is home of the FK Velež Mostar soccer club. Besides its Rođeni stadium, other important landmarks are the White Mosque and the Sutina cemetery. The suburb is also famous for its weekend-market, which attracts vendors and buyers from all over Bosnia and even other countries in the region.
South East Poinsettias
South East Poinsettias is the name of the southeast division of the Queensland Rugby League. They run competitions such as "The Mixwell Cup," which is the division below the Queensland Cup, and "The Mixwell Colts."

Brothers-Valleys participated until the end of the 2004, with Hills District Panthers and the Tugun Seahawks entering.

Queensland Cup
The Queensland Cup, currently known as the Hostplus Cup for sponsorship reasons, is the highest-level regional rugby league football competition in Queensland, Australia. It is run by the Queensland Rugby League (QRL)  and is contested by fifteen teams, thirteen of which are based in Queensland, with one based in New South Wales and one in National Capital District, Papua New Guinea.

The competition is the present-day embodiment of Queensland's top-level club competition. It replaced the Winfield State League in 1996 and accompanied the Brisbane Rugby League, before becoming the premier competition in 1998, following the disbanding of the Brisbane Rugby League.
Juan García Esquivel
Juan García Esquivel (January 20, 1918 – January 3, 2002), often known mononymously as Esquivel!, was a Mexican band leader, pianist, and composer for television and films. He is recognized today as one of the foremost exponents of a sophisticated style of largely instrumental music that combines elements of lounge music and jazz with Latin flavors.  Esquivel is sometimes called "The King of Space Age Pop" and "The Busby Berkeley of Cocktail Music", and is considered one of the foremost exponents of a style of late 1950s-early 1960s quirky instrumental pop that became known (in retrospect) as "Space Age Bachelor Pad Music".

Aquarela do Brasil
"Aquarela do Brasil" (Brazilian Portuguese: [akwaˈɾɛlɐ du bɾaˈziw]; 'Watercolor of Brazil'), commonly known in the English-speaking world simply as "Brazil", is a samba song written by Ary Barroso in 1939. The patriotic lyrics and celebration of the country of Brazil in the song helped create the genre of samba-exaltação. Recordings of the song were massively popular abroad and were featured in movies such as Saludos Amigos and the titular Brazil.
Shanghai III
Shanghai III is a 1993 mahjong solitaire video game developed by Success and Kuusoukagaku and published by Sunsoft for arcades. A port to the Super Famicom, which uses the Super NES Mouse, was released only in Japan in 1994. It is the third installment in Sunsoft's series of Shanghai games, released under license from Activision and separate from Activision's own mainline series.

Hamster Corporation released the game as part of their Arcade Archives series for the PlayStation 4 in 2015 and Nintendo Switch in 2020, marking its first international release.

Mahjong solitaire
Mahjong solitaire (also known as Shanghai solitaire) is a single-player matching game that uses a set of mahjong tiles rather than cards. It is more commonly played on a computer than as a tabletop game, although it can be played using physical tiles using a special wooden frame for its lengthy set-up process.

Although named after the four-player tile game mahjong, the method of gameplay is unrelated.
2021 Internationaux de Tennis de Vendée
The 2021 Internationaux de Tennis de Vendée was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the eighth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2021 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Mouilleron-le-Captif, France between 4 and 10 October 2021.

Open de Vendée
The Open de Vendée (formerly Internationaux de Tennis de Vendée) is a tennis tournament held in Mouilleron-le-Captif, France since 2013. The event is part of the ATP Challenger Tour and is played on indoor hardcourts.
Mawlamyinegyun Township
Mawlamyinegyun Township (Burmese: မော်လမြိုင်ကျွန်းမြို့နယ်, also called Moulmeingyun Township) is a township of Labutta District in southern Ayeyarwady Region, Myanmar. The township is shortened colloquially as Mawkyun Township (Burmese: မော်ကျွန်းမြို့နယ်) The township has one town, the principal town of Mawlamyinegyun, which is divided into 13 urban wards. The remainder of the township is divided into 108 village tracts grouping together 676 villages. The township borders Wakema Township to the north and is bounded by the main stream channel of the Irrawaddy River to the east, separating it from Kyaiklat Township and Bogale Township. To its southwest, it borders Labutta Township

Bogale Township
Bogale Township (Burmese: ဘိုကလေးမြို့နယ် [bòɡəlé mjo̰nɛ̀]) is a township of Pyapon District in the Ayeyarwady Region of Myanmar.

In May 2008, the town of Bogale suffered heavily from Cyclone Nargis; 36,325 people were listed as dead or missing.
Gaze-contingency paradigm
Within computer technology, the gaze-contingency paradigm is a general term for techniques allowing a computer screen display to change in function depending on where the viewer is looking. Gaze-contingent techniques are part of the eye movement field of study in psychology.

From a system analysis point of view, eye-tracking applications should be distinguished from diagnostic or interactive system. In diagnostic mode, the eye tracker provides data about the observer's visual search and attention processes. In interactive mode, the eye-tracker is used as an input device. From a general point of view, an interactive system responds to the observer's actions and interacts with them. Because the display updates in response to the observer's eye movements, the gaze-contingency paradigm can be classified an interactive eye-tracking application.

Peripheral vision
Peripheral vision or indirect vision is vision as it occurs outside the point of fixation (i.e., away from the center of gaze) or, when viewed at large angles, in (or out of) the "corner of one's eye". The vast majority of the area in the visual field is included in the notion of peripheral vision. "Far peripheral" vision refers to the area at the edges of the visual field, "mid-peripheral" vision refers to medium eccentricities, and "near-peripheral", sometimes referred to as "para-central", vision, exists adjacent to the center of gaze.
John Cokayne (died 1438)
Sir John Cockayne (died 1438) was an English soldier, politician and landowner whose wealth made him a major force in the affairs of Derbyshire under the House of Lancaster. After numerous acts of criminality in concert with other Midlands landowners, he became a member of the Lancastrian affinity centred on John of Gaunt and a supporter of Henry IV. He fought in two campaigns of the Hundred Years War but his violence and lawlessness continued and he was decidedly out of favour during the reign of Henry V. With power less concentrated in the early years of Henry VI, he  was able to serve three terms as High Sheriff of Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire and the Royal Forests and to wield considerable power and influence. He represented Derbyshire no less than nine times and Warwickshire twice in the House of Commons of England.

Ashbourne, Derbyshire
Ashbourne is a market town in the Derbyshire Dales district in Derbyshire, England, 14 miles (23 km) west of Derby. Its population was measured at 8,377 in the 2011 census  and was estimated to have grown to 9,163 by 2019. It has many historical buildings and independent shops. The town offers a historic annual Shrovetide football match. Its position near the southern edge of the Peak District makes it the closest town to Dovedale, to which Ashbourne is sometimes referred to as the gateway.