hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jose Mario De Vega
Jose Mario Dolor De Vega is a Filipino author and public intellectual. He has lectured at National University, Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Universidad de Manila, Adamson University, De La Salle University – Dasmariñas, Far Eastern University, Trinity University of Asia, among other Philippine higher education institutions. Outside the country, he taught philosophy, ethics, and anthropology at Nilai University in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.

De Vega has been interviewed in various media outlets and written books, academic journal articles, and Op-Ed pieces tackling philosophy, politics, and wars, while attending graduate studies at the University of the Philippines Diliman.

Nilai University
Nilai University is a private university in Nilai, Seremban District, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. established in 1998, excels in teaching and learning. This commitment is underscored by 5-stars QS ratings in 6 categories and awarded as a specialist for MBA programme.

Nilai University’s exceptional performance in key areas also secured a ‘Competitive’ rating in the SETARA 2022 evaluation.

Nilai University: Enrichment For Life
Juvenilia
Juvenilia are literary, musical or artistic works produced by authors during their youth. Written juvenilia, if published at all, usually appear as retrospective publications, some time after the author has become well known for later works.

The term was first recorded in 1622 in George Wither's poetry collection Ivvenilia. Later, other notable poets, such as John Dryden and Alfred, Lord Tennyson, came to use the term for collections of their early poetry. The stories and poems which novelist Jane Austen wrote before the age of eighteen are called her Juvenilia.

Exceptions to retrospective publication include Leigh Hunt's collection Juvenilia, first published when he was still in his teens; and Lord Byron's publication of Fugitive Pieces when the author was only 17 years old, and his subsequent publication of Hours of Idleness at the age of 18. In these early pieces, Byron explores many of the themes that would shape his later works.

George Wither
George Wither (11 June 1588 O.S. (21 June 1588 NS) – 2 May 1667 O.S. (12 May 1667 NS)) was a prolific English poet, pamphleteer, satirist and writer of hymns. Wither's long life spanned one of the most tumultuous periods in the history of England, during the reigns of Elizabeth I, James I, and Charles I, the Civil War, the Parliamentary period and the Restoration period.
Seismic risk in Malta
Seismic risk in Malta is considered to be low with little historic damage noted and no known victims. The archipelago is however in a potentially significant seismic zone and the risk to the population is probably undervalued.

Grand Harbour
The Grand Harbour (Maltese: il-Port il-Kbir; Italian: Porto Grande), also known as the Port of Valletta, is a natural harbour on the island of Malta. It has been substantially modified over the years with extensive docks (Malta Dockyard), wharves, and fortifications.
Scouting and Guiding in Tasmania
Scouting in Tasmania began in 1908 with several separate associations operating in the early years including the  Chums Scout Patrols, League of Boy Scouts, Girl Peace Scouts, British Boy Scouts and YMCA Scouts. These were later joined by The Boy Scouts Association, The Girl Guides Association and Life-Saving Scouts and Life Saving Guards of the Salvation Army. Some local groups of Scouts moved between associations. There has also been representation by the Baden-Powell Scouts' Association with a group of scouts in  Devonport under Alan Richmond, OAM affiliating in May 1984.

Scouting and Guiding in Tasmania is now predominantly represented by Scouts Australia's Tasmanian Branch and Girl Guides Australia's Tasmanian Branch.

Chums (paper)
Chums was a boys' weekly newspaper started in 1892 by Cassell & Company and later, from 1927, published by Amalgamated Press. The publisher gathered the weekly paper into monthly and annual editions. The monthly versions were published on the 25th of the month, and up to November 1920 included all the content of the weekly editions. From then on, the monthly editions had all the story content of the weeklies, but left out the covers. This left a gap which was then filled by short stories, articles and even serials that were not included in the weekly edition. The serial ceased publication in 1941.

Chums was notably the sponsor of the Chums League, Chums Society of Stamp Collectors, Chums Scouts, the British Boy Scouts and the British Boys Naval Brigade/National Naval Cadets. Chums is one of the most highly sought-after boys' papers by collectors due to its distinctive and attractively illustrated red covers.
Virtual reality sickness
Virtual reality sickness (VR sickness) occurs when exposure to a virtual environment causes symptoms that are similar to motion sickness symptoms.  The most common symptoms are general discomfort, eye strain, headache, stomach awareness, nausea, vomiting, pallor, sweating, fatigue, drowsiness, disorientation, and apathy.  Other symptoms include postural instability and retching. Common causes are low frame rate, input lag, and the vergence-accommodation-conflict.

Virtual reality sickness is different from motion sickness in that it can be caused by the visually-induced perception of self-motion; real self-motion is not needed.  It is also different from simulator sickness; non-virtual reality simulator sickness tends to be characterized by oculomotor disturbances, whereas virtual reality sickness tends to be characterized by disorientation.

Oculomotor nerve
The oculomotor nerve, also known as the third cranial nerve, cranial nerve III, or simply CN III,  is a cranial nerve that enters the orbit through the superior orbital fissure and innervates extraocular muscles that enable most movements of the eye and that raise the eyelid.  The nerve also contains fibers that innervate the intrinsic eye muscles that enable pupillary constriction and accommodation (ability to focus on near objects as in reading). The oculomotor nerve is derived from the basal plate of the embryonic midbrain. Cranial nerves IV and VI also participate in control of eye movement.
Lieja Tunks
Liesbeth ("Lieja") Jantina Koeman, formerly Lieja Tunks, (born 10 March 1976 in Purmerend, North Holland) is a shot putter, who represents Canada after switching from the Netherlands in 2006.

Her personal best throw is 18.82 metres, achieved in June 2003 in Arnhem.

Purmerend
Purmerend (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌpʏrməˈrɛnt] ⓘ) is a city and municipality in the west of the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. The city is surrounded by polders, such as the Purmer, Beemster and the Wormer. Purmerend's population grew relatively slowly until the 1960s, when it increased from around 10,000 to over 80,000 by 2020. This expansion has turned Purmerend into a commuter town; many inhabitants (14,200 in 2011) work, go to school or spend leisure time in Amsterdam. Purmerend is part of the Randstad, one of the largest conurbations in Europe.

The municipality of Beemster merged into the municipality of Purmerend on 1 January 2022. The extended municipality has a population of about 96,000.
Addis Abebe
Addis Abebe (Amharic: አዲስ አበበ; born September 5, 1970) is a former long-distance runner from Ethiopia, best known for winning a bronze medal in the 10,000 metres event at the 1992 Summer Olympics.

In the 1988 World Junior Championships, Abebe won the gold medal in the 10,000 metres and a bronze in the 5,000 meters events.

Athletics at the 1992 Summer Olympics
At the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, 43 events in athletics were contested, 24 events by men and 19 by women. The competition ran from July 31, 1992, to August 9, 1992. Fourteen world record-holders (eight men and six women) were among the contenders. Thirty former Olympic champions competed, and a total number of 1725 athletes from 156 countries.
Princess Dagmar Island
Princess Dagmar Island (Danish: Prinsesse Dagmar Ø) is an uninhabited coastal island of the Wandel Sea in King Frederick VIII Land, Greenland.

The island was named after Princess Dagmar of Denmark.

The Danish military base/weather station  Nord is located in the mainland east of the island, on the western side of Crown Prince Christian Land Peninsula.

In Vol. 14 of the Encyclopedia Arctica (unpublished, completed in 1951), Princess Dagmar Island is still not recognized as an island, but mentioned as a peninsula.

Weather station
A weather station is a facility, either on land or sea, with instruments and equipment for measuring atmospheric conditions to provide information for weather forecasts and to study the weather and climate. The measurements taken include temperature, atmospheric pressure, humidity, wind speed, wind direction, and precipitation amounts. Wind measurements are taken with as few other obstructions as possible, while temperature and humidity measurements are kept free from direct solar radiation, or insolation. Manual observations are taken at least once daily, while automated measurements are taken at least once an hour. Weather conditions out at sea are taken by ships and buoys, which measure slightly different meteorological quantities such as sea surface temperature (SST), wave height, and wave period. Drifting weather buoys outnumber their moored versions by a significant amount.
43rd New Brunswick Legislature
The 43rd New Brunswick Legislative Assembly represented New Brunswick between February 21, 1957, and May 13, 1960.

David Laurence MacLaren was Lieutenant-Governor of New Brunswick in 1957. He was succeeded by Joseph Leonard O'Brien in May 1958.

J. Arthur Moore was chosen as speaker.

The Progressive Conservative Party led by Hugh John Flemming formed the government.

David Laurence MacLaren
David Laurence MacLaren PC (October 27, 1893 – September 7, 1960) was a Canadian politician and the 20th Lieutenant Governor of New Brunswick.

Born in Saint John, New Brunswick, he was appointed Minister of National Revenue in April 1945 in the Liberal cabinet of Mackenzie King. He was defeated in the 1945 election in the riding of St. John—Albert. From 1945 until 1958, he was the Lieutenant-Governor of New Brunswick. He was elected mayor of Saint John again in 1958, and held the position until his death.

During World War I, he enlisted and served in the Canadian Expeditionary Force with the Royal Canadian Artillery, 7th Siege Battery. He fought at the Battle of Vimy Ridge, where he took a gunshot wound which necessitated the removal of his right leg above the knee. He recovered and received an artificial leg.
2005 Mid-American Conference baseball tournament
The 2005 Mid-American Conference baseball tournament took place in May 2005. The top six regular season finishers met in the double-elimination tournament held at Stanley G. McKie Field at Joseph P. Hayden Jr. Park on the campus of Miami University in Oxford, Ohio. This was the seventeenth Mid-American Conference postseason tournament to determine a champion. Top seed Miami won their third tournament championship to earn the conference's automatic bid to the 2005 NCAA Division I baseball tournament.

Hayden Park
Stanley G. McKie Field at Joseph P. Hayden Jr. Park, commonly referred to as Hayden Park or McKie Field at Hayden Park, is a baseball venue in Oxford, Ohio, United States. It is home to the Miami RedHawks baseball team, who play at the Division I level of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) as members of the Mid-American Conference (MAC).  The field, with a capacity of 1,000 spectators, opened on March 24, 2002, for a game against Purdue.  The RedHawks lost 8–0 in the game, which was played in front of 1,178 spectators.

In 2012, college baseball writer Eric Sorenson ranked the park the best small venue in Division I baseball.
Lake Cisco
Lake Cisco is a lake located north of Cisco in Eastland County, Texas. Texas State Highway 6 passes the lake on the eastern shore.

It is owned by the city of Cisco for municipal water purposes. Fish species found in Lake Cisco include largemouth bass, channel catfish, white crappie, and redear sunfish.

Texas State Highway 6
State Highway 6 (SH 6) runs from the Red River, the Texas–Oklahoma state line, to northwest of Galveston, where it is known as the Old Galveston Highway. In Sugar Land and Missouri City, it is known as Alvin-Sugarland Road and runs perpendicular to Interstate 69/U.S. Highway 59 (I-69/US 59). In the Houston area, it runs north to Farm to Market Road 1960 (FM 1960), then northwest along US 290 to Hempstead, and south to Westheimer Road and Addicks, and is known as Addicks Satsuma Road. In the Bryan–College Station area, it is known as the Earl Rudder Freeway. In Hearne, it is known as Market Street. In Calvert, it is known as Main Street. For most of its length, SH 6 is not a limited-access road. In 1997, the Texas Legislature designated SH 6 as the Texas Korean War Veterans Memorial Highway.
Live X
Live X refers to concerts hosted by the Atlanta, Georgia-based radio station 99X, generally performed in an unplugged, acoustic style. Each year, a CD was released by 99X containing select tracks from many Live X concerts that occurred in the past year. All proceeds from the sales benefit the I Am 99X Foundation. The final edition, Live X 12, was released in 2007.

Shawn Mullins
Shawn Mullins (born March 8, 1968) is an American singer-songwriter who specializes in folk rock, instrumental rock, adult alternative, and Americana music. His 1998 single "Lullaby" hit number one on the Adult Top 40 and was nominated for a Grammy Award.
D-TV
D-TV is a music video television series produced by Charles Braverman and edited by Ted Herrmann. Premiering on May 5, 1984, on the Disney Channel, the series combined both classic and contemporary popular music with various footage of vintage animated shorts and feature films from The Walt Disney Company, created out of the trend of music videos on cable channel MTV, which inspired the name of this series.

Stray Cats
Stray Cats is an American rockabilly band formed in 1979 by guitarist and vocalist Brian Setzer, double bassist Lee Rocker, and drummer Slim Jim Phantom in the Long Island town of Massapequa, New York. The group had numerous hit singles in the UK, Australia, Canada, and the U.S. including "Stray Cat Strut", "(She's) Sexy + 17", "Look at That Cadillac", "I Won't Stand in Your Way", "Bring It Back Again", and "Rock This Town", which the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame has listed as one of the songs that shaped rock and roll.
Xavi Sabaté
Javier Sabaté Cabiedes better known as Xavi Sabaté (born 15 August 1976) is a Spanish handball coach of Wisła Płock and the Czech Republic.

He coached Hungary at the 2017 World Men's Handball Championship.

2017 World Men's Handball Championship
The 2017 IHF World Men's Handball Championship was the 25th event hosted by the International Handball Federation. The event was held in France from 11 to 29 January 2017.

France, in a clean sweep, defended their title by defeating Norway 33–26 in the final, which secured France their sixth title. Slovenia defeated Croatia 31–30 to capture the bronze medal. Norway (from a wildcard) and Slovenia earned their first World Championship medals ever.

The championship set a record of attendance in total of 540,000 spectators with 23 matches being sold out and with a venue record of 28,010 at both of France's knock-out matches in Lille.
Wales at the 2006 Commonwealth Games
The team to represent Wales at the 2006 Commonwealth Games was announced by the Commonwealth Games Council for Wales (CGCW) on 22 February 2006.

It consisted of 143 athletes (63 Women and 80 men) competing across 14 sports; 85 fewer than the squad in 2002.

The team was not able to improve on their medal tally from the 2002 Commonwealth Games when Wales won 6 Gold, 13 Silver and 12 Bronze medals. The team was captained by Dame Tanni Grey-Thompson.

Aquatics at the 2006 Commonwealth Games
The Aquatics events at the 2006 Commonwealth Games were held at the Melbourne Sports and Aquatic Centre (MSAC) and were divided into 3 separate disciplines, with medals awarded in 54 events:

Diving (10)

Swimming (42)

Synchronized swimming (2)

Announcing for the Diving, Swimming and Synchronized swimming was done by local swimmer and radio announcer Alex Cooke.
The Hut in the Forest
"The Hut in the Forest" (also "The Hut in the Wood"; German: Das Waldhaus) is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm (KHM 169). Andrew Lang included it in The Pink Fairy Book (1897). It is Aarne-Thompson type 431.

Andrew Lang
Andrew Lang FBA (31 March 1844 – 20 July 1912) was a Scottish poet, novelist, literary critic, and contributor to the field of anthropology. He is best known as a collector of folk and fairy tales. The Andrew Lang lectures at the University of St Andrews are named after him.
1993 Paris Open
The 1993 Paris Open was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts. It was the 21st edition of the Paris Masters, and was part of the ATP Championship Series, Single-Week of the 1993 ATP Tour. It took place at the Palais omnisports de Paris-Bercy in Paris, France, from 1 November through 8 November 1993. Ninth-seeded Goran Ivanišević won the singles title.

The draw was headlined by world No. 1 Pete Sampras, Jim Courier, and Boris Becker. Other top seeds were Michael Stich, Sergi Bruguera, Stefan Edberg, Michael Chang, and Goran Ivanišević.

Sergi Bruguera
Sergi Bruguera i Torner (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈsɛɾʒi βɾuˈɣeɾə i tuɾˈne]; born 16 January 1971) is a Spanish former professional tennis player and coach. Bruguera won consecutive men's singles titles at the French Open in 1993 and 1994, a silver medal in men's singles at the 1996 Atlanta Olympics, and reached a career-high ranking of world No. 3 in August 1994.

Bruguera is the only player to have a winning record against both Roger Federer and Pete Sampras, leading 3–2 against Sampras and 1–0 against Federer (at the 2000 Barcelona Open).

In 2018, Bruguera became the captain of the Spanish Davis Cup team. He coached Jo-Wilfried Tsonga from 2019 to 2022, Alexander Zverev from 2022 to 2023, and Arthur Fils (with Sébastien Grosjean) from 2023 to 2024.
Military career of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881 – 10 November 1938) was a field marshal, revolutionary statesman, and founder of the Republic of Turkey as well as its first president. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's military career explains his life between graduation from Ottoman War College in Istanbul as a lieutenant in 1905 to his resignation from the Ottoman Army on 8 July 1919, as well as his military leadership throughout the subsequent Turkish War of Independence (armistice 11 October 1922).

Fifth Army (Ottoman Empire)
The Fifth Army of the Ottoman Empire or Turkish Fifth Army was formed on March 24, 1915 and dissolved on November 21, 1918. It was assigned the responsibility of defending the Dardanelles straits in World War I. The original commander of the army was the German military advisor to the Ottoman Empire, General Otto Liman von Sanders. The command passed to Vehip Pasha who became responsible for the Helles front while von Sanders still wielded considerable influence.
Let It Rain (Delta Goodrem song)
"Let It Rain" is a song by Australian singer-songwriter Delta Goodrem, co-written by Goodrem with Matthew Copley and Marla Altschuler. It was released on 6 January 2020 by Sony Music Australia. The song was written in the wake of the devastating 2019–2020 bushfires in Australia. A live, stripped-down version of the song was first uploaded on Goodrem's Instagram page on New Year's Day 2020.

Goodrem recorded a full studio version, with all proceeds of the single to go towards the bushfire relief effort. This version was made available for download on 6 January, and quickly topped the Australian iTunes chart. The song was also a minor hit in Hungary and Scotland. The song has been used by 7 News and the Nine Network to promote fundraising efforts.

Seven News
Seven News (stylised 7NEWS) is the television news service of the Seven Network and, as of 2021, the highest-rated show in Australia.

National bulletins are presented from Seven's high definition studios in South Eveleigh, Sydney, while its flagship 6 pm statewide bulletins are produced in studios based in Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Adelaide, Perth and Tasmania. The network also produces weeknight local news bulletins for regional markets in Queensland, New South Wales (including the ACT), Victoria and Western Australia.

It draws upon the resources of ITN, NBC, CBC, CNN, APTN and Reuters for select international coverage.
Claude Bloch
Claude Bloch (18 March 1923 – 29 December 1971) was a French theoretical nuclear physicist. He authored over 60 published articles and made significant impact on the fields of quantum field theory, nuclear physics, and the many-body problem.

Bloch was born on 18 March 1923 in Paris, France. He was admitted to the École Polytechnique in 1942 and graduated first in his class. He entered the Corps des Mines in 1946. He studied at the Bohr Institute in Copenhagen from 1948-1951 where he worked on the problems in the non-local theory of quantum fields. He worked at the California Institute of Technology in 1952-1953 where he worked on the statistical theory of the nucleus. Upon returning to France in 1953, he joined the Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), where he stayed until his death in 1971. While at the CEA, he directed the theoretical physics department at Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette.

Nuclear physics
Nuclear physics is the field of physics that studies atomic nuclei and their constituents and interactions, in addition to the study of other forms of nuclear matter.

Nuclear physics should not be confused with atomic physics, which studies the atom as a whole, including its electrons.

Discoveries in nuclear physics have led to applications in many fields such as nuclear power, nuclear weapons, nuclear medicine and magnetic resonance imaging, industrial and agricultural isotopes, ion implantation in materials engineering, and radiocarbon dating in geology and archaeology. Such applications are studied in the field of nuclear engineering.

Particle physics evolved out of nuclear physics and the two fields are typically taught in close association. Nuclear astrophysics, the application of nuclear physics to astrophysics, is crucial in explaining the inner workings of stars and the origin of the chemical elements.
Carlo Andrea Caracciolo
Carlo Andrea Caracciolo (1583/4 – 5 August 1646) was an Italian nobleman and military commander serving the Spanish Empire.

A member of the House of Caracciolo of the Kingdom of Naples, his military career coincided with the Thirty Years' War. He fought in Italy, Germany, Iberia and Brazil against the English, French, Swedes, Catalans and Portuguese. He was the second Marquis of Torrecuso from 1603 and the first Duke of San Giorgio La Molara briefly in 1626.

Torrecuso
Torrecuso is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Benevento in the Italian region Campania, located about 50 km northeast of Naples and about 10 km northwest of Benevento.

Torrecuso borders the following municipalities: Benevento, Foglianise, Fragneto Monforte, Paupisi, Ponte, Vitulano.