hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Carl Frederick Holden
Carl Frederick Holden (May 25, 1895 – May 18, 1953) was a decorated officer in the United States Navy who reached the rank of vice admiral. A veteran of both World Wars, he became an expert in Naval communications, graduating with a master's degree in electrical communications from Harvard University. Holden served as Director of Naval Communications between September 1942 - April 1943 and distinguished himself as commanding officer of the battleship USS New Jersey, the flagship of Admiral William F. Halsey. He rose to the admiral's rank in 1945 and commanded Cruiser Division 18 in late phase of the World War II.

During the postwar period, Holden served successively as commander, Operational Training Command, Atlantic Fleet; commandant of the New York Naval Base; and commander, U.S. Naval Forces Germany, before retiring in July 1952.

Scouting Fleet
The Scouting Fleet is an important part of the U.S. Navy, established in 1922 as part of the reorganization of the Navy after World War I. It is one of the four core units of the newly formed "American Fleet", which together with the battle Fleet, control force, and fleet Base force constitute the main fighting force. The scouting fleet is responsible for conducting large-scale reconnaissance and forward deployment missions, and consists of battleships, cruisers, destroyers, submarines, and aviation squadrons. The fleet was initially deployed in the Atlantic, then transferred to the Pacific, where it continued to operate until the beginning of World War II. In 1931, the fleet was reorganised and renamed the "Scouting Force".
Aura cheese
Aura is a type of blue cheese produced in Äänekoski, Finland, by the Finnish dairy company Valio. Aura is made of cow's milk and takes its name from the Aura River, which runs through the city of Turku. The cheese is available in two varieties. The regular variety is aged for six weeks, whereas the stronger 'Aura Gold' variety is aged for 12 weeks.  It is marketed in the United States under the name Midnight Blue by Valio's import company, Finlandia Cheese.

Blue cheese
Blue cheese or bleu cheese is any cheese made with the addition of cultures of edible molds, which create blue-green spots or veins through the cheese. Blue cheeses vary in flavor from mild to strong and from slightly sweet to salty or sharp; in colour from pale to dark; and in consistency from liquid to hard. They may have a distinctive smell, either from the mold or from various specially cultivated bacteria such as Brevibacterium linens.

Some blue cheeses are injected with spores before the curds form, and others have spores mixed in with the curds after they form. Blue cheeses are typically aged in temperature-controlled environments.
Sea Point (House of Assembly of South Africa constituency)
Sea Point (Afrikaans: Seepunt) was a constituency in the Cape Province of South Africa, which existed from 1929 to 1994. It covered parts of the Cape Town seashore, centred on its namesake suburb of Sea Point. Throughout its existence it elected one member to the House of Assembly and one to the Cape Provincial Council.

Cape Province
The Province of the Cape of Good Hope (Afrikaans: Provinsie Kaap die Goeie Hoop), commonly referred to as "the Cape Province" (Afrikaans: Kaapprovinsie) and colloquially as "The Cape" (Afrikaans: Die Kaap), was a province in the Union of South Africa and subsequently the Republic of South Africa. It encompassed the old Cape Colony, as well as Walvis Bay, and had Cape Town as its capital. In 1994, the Cape Province was divided into the new Eastern Cape, Northern Cape and Western Cape provinces, along with part of the North West.
Kolmogorov integral
In mathematics, the Kolmogorov integral (or Kolmogoroff integral) is a generalized  integral introduced by Kolmogoroff (1930) including the Lebesgue–Stieltjes integral, the Burkill integral, and  the Hellinger integral as special cases.  The integral is a limit over a directed family of partitions, when the resulting limiting value is independent of the tags of each partition segment.

Lebesgue–Stieltjes integration
In measure-theoretic analysis and related branches of mathematics, Lebesgue–Stieltjes integration generalizes both Riemann–Stieltjes and Lebesgue integration, preserving the many advantages of the former in a more general measure-theoretic framework.  The Lebesgue–Stieltjes integral is the ordinary Lebesgue integral with respect to a measure known as the Lebesgue–Stieltjes measure, which may be associated to any function of bounded variation on the real line.  The Lebesgue–Stieltjes measure is a regular Borel measure, and conversely every regular Borel measure on the real line is of this kind.

Lebesgue–Stieltjes integrals, named for Henri Leon Lebesgue and Thomas Joannes Stieltjes, are also known as Lebesgue–Radon integrals or just Radon integrals, after Johann Radon, to whom much of the theory is due.  They find common application in probability and stochastic processes, and in certain branches of analysis including potential theory.
Opel Karl
The Opel Karl is a city car with a hatchback manufactured by GM Korea and marketed by Opel as a rebadged and restyled variant of the fourth-generation Chevrolet Spark (M400), replacing the Suzuki-sourced Agila in Opel's range. Named after Adam Opel's eldest son Carl, the city car was discontinued following the sale of Opel to PSA Group in 2019. General Motors marketed a rebadged variant in the United Kingdom as the Vauxhall Viva, resurrecting an old nameplate from 1963 to 1979.

A-segment
The A-segment is the first category in the passenger car classification system defined by the European Commission. It is used for city cars, the smallest category of passenger cars defined.

A-segment sales represented approximately 4.2% of the European market in 2024. It is approximately equivalent to the kei car class in Japan.
2009 Fed Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group II – Pool B
Group B of the 2009 Fed Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group II was one of two pools in the Europe/Africa Zone Group II of the 2009 Fed Cup. Three teams competed in a round robin competition, with the top team and the bottom two teams proceeding to their respective sections of the play-offs: the top teams played for advancement to Group I, while the bottom team faced relegation to Group III.

2009 Fed Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group II – play-offs
The play-offs of the 2009 Fed Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group II were the final stages of the Group II Zonal Competition involving teams from Europe and Africa. Those that placed first and second in their respective pools competed for promotion, while those that placed third were automatically relegated down to Group III.
1976 African Women's Handball Championship
The 1976 African Women's Handball Championship was the second edition of the African Women's Handball Championship, held in Algeria. It acted as the African qualifying tournament for the 1976 Summer Olympics qualifying tournament.

African Women's Handball Championship
The African Handball Nations Championship is the official competition for senior national handball teams of Africa, and takes place every two years. In addition to crowning the African champions, the tournament also serves as a qualifying tournament for the Summer Olympics and For World Handball Championship.
Prostheceraeus vittatus
Prostheceraeus vittatus, the candy striped flatworm, is a species of marine polyclad flatworm in the family Euryleptidae. It is found in Western Europe, including on the western coasts of the British Isles.

Polycladida
The Polycladida represents a highly diverse clade of free-living marine flatworms. They are known from the littoral to the sublittoral zone (extending to the deep hot vents), and many species are common from coral reefs. Only a few species are found in freshwater habitats.
NGC 7713
NGC 7713 is a barred spiral galaxy with extensive Hubble-type SBcd star-forming regions that is located in the constellation Sculptor in the southern sky. It is estimated to be 31 million light-years from the Milky Way and about 40,000 light-years in diameter. It was discovered by John Herschel on October 4, 1836.

Sculptor (constellation)
Sculptor is a faint constellation in the southern sky. It represents a sculptor. It was introduced by Nicolas Louis de Lacaille in the 18th century. He originally named it Apparatus Sculptoris (the sculptor's studio), but the name was later shortened.
The Gates of Hell
The Gates of Hell (French: La Porte de l'Enfer) is a monumental bronze sculptural group work by the French artist Auguste Rodin that depicts a scene from the Inferno, the first section of Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy. It stands at 6 metres high, 4 metres wide and 1 metre deep (19.7×13.1×3.3 ft) and contains 180 figures.

Several casts of the work were made, which are now in various locations around the world. Rodin's original plaster model is in the Musée D'Orsay, Paris.  The figures range from 15 centimetres (6 in) high up to more than one metre (3 ft). Several of the figures were also cast as independent free-standing statues.

National Museum of Western Art
The National Museum of Western Art (国立西洋美術館, Kokuritsu Seiyō Bijutsukan; lit. "National Western Art Museum", NMWA) is the premier public art gallery in Japan specializing in art from the Western tradition. The museum is in the Ueno Park in Taitō, central Tokyo. It received 1,162,345 visitors in 2016.
New Chinese Northeast Writers Group
The New Chinese Northeast Writers Group(simplified Chinese: 新中国东北作家群; traditional Chinese: 新中國東北作家群) is a contemporary Chinese literary movement. The group includes authors such as Shuang Xuetao, Ban Yu, Zheng Zhi, and Yang Zhihan. Unlike the Chinese Northeast Writers Group, who focused on the anti-Japanese resistance, the new group primarily writes from the perspective of the "son generation". Their works often depict the experiences of their parents during the mass layoffs of workers that occurred in Northeast China in the 1990s.

Chinese Northeast Writers Group
The Chinese Northeast Writers Group (simplified Chinese: 东北作家群; traditional Chinese: 東北作家群) were a group of writers from Manchukuo, a puppet state established by Imperial Japan in Northeast China. This group comprised writers from the region who refused to acknowledge Manchukuo's secession from China and faced with severe oppression and persecution by the Japanese for their political activism, leading for many of these authors to flee to central Chinese provinces like Hebei and Henan. Their works predominantly expressed the profound sorrow of national subjugation and the suffering of the populace under occupation alongside a strong sense of patriotism for China and anti-Japanese sentiments.
2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Indiana
The 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Indiana were held on November 5, 2024, to elect the nine U.S. representatives from the State of Indiana, one from all nine of the state's congressional districts. The elections coincided with the 2024 U.S. presidential election, as well as other elections to the House of Representatives, elections to the United States Senate, and various state and local elections. The primary elections occurred on May 7, 2024.

2022 United States House of Representatives elections in Indiana
The 2022 United States House of Representatives elections in Indiana were held on November 8, 2022, to elect the nine U.S. representatives from the state of Indiana, one from each of the state's nine congressional districts. The elections coincided with other elections to the U.S. House of Representatives, elections to the U.S. Senate, and various state and local elections. Primary elections took place on May 3.
Kerala Literature Festival
Kerala Literature Festival (KLF), founded in 2016, is an annual literary festival held on the beaches of Kozhikode, Kerala, India. 
The 9th and the latest edition of KLF was held from January 22–25, 2026. Kerala Literature Festival is organized by the DC Kizhakemuri Foundation, a philanthropic organization founded in 2001 as a tribute to late D.C. Kizhakemuri , a freedom fighter, social activist, writer, and publisher. He was instrumental in the abolishment of sales tax on books. Kerala Literature Festival (KLF) is endorsed and supported by the Government of Kerala, Kerala Tourism , and Culture Department. 
Renowned poet – critic Prof. K. Satchidanandan is the Festival Director along with Publisher Ravi Deecee of DC Books is the Chief Facilitator. The editorial team of DC Books works closely with KLF on the content.

Sadhguru
Jagadish "Jaggi" Vasudev (born 3 September 1957), also known as Sadhguru, is an Indian guru and founder of the Isha Foundation, based in Coimbatore, India. The foundation, established in 1992, operates an ashram and yoga centre that carries out educational and spiritual activities. Sadhguru has been teaching yoga since 1982. He is the author of the New York Times bestsellers Inner Engineering: A Yogi's Guide to Joy and Karma: A Yogi's Guide to Crafting Your Destiny, and a frequent speaker at international forums.

Sadhguru also advocates for protecting the environment against climate change, leading many initiatives like Project GreenHands (PGH), Rally for Rivers, Cauvery Calling, and the Journey to Save Soil. In 2017, he received the Padma Vibhushan, India's second-highest civilian award, for his contributions to spirituality and humanitarian services.

Sadhguru has been criticised for promoting a number of pseudoscientific claims.
Estrogen receptor alpha
Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), also known as NR3A1 (nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group A, member 1), is one of two main types of estrogen receptor, a nuclear receptor (mainly found as a chromatin-binding protein) 
that is activated by the sex hormone estrogen.  In humans, ERα is encoded by the gene ESR1 (EStrogen Receptor 1).

Ovary
The ovary (from Latin  ōvārium 'egg') is a gonad in the female reproductive system that produces ova; when released, an ovum travels through the fallopian tube/oviduct into the uterus. There is an ovary on the left and the right side of the body. The ovaries are endocrine glands, secreting various hormones that play a role in the menstrual cycle and fertility. The ovary progresses through many stages beginning in the prenatal period through menopause.
Rodrigo Bentancur
Rodrigo Bentancur Colman (born 25 June 1997) is a Uruguayan professional footballer who plays as a central midfielder for Premier League club Tottenham Hotspur and the Uruguay national team.

Bentancur started his career in the youth system of Argentine side Boca Juniors in 2009. He was promoted to the senior squad in 2015, winning two Primera División titles and a Copa Argentina with the team. He was then signed by Italian club Juventus in 2017, where he won three consecutive Serie A titles, among other trophies. In January 2022, Bentancur joined English side Tottenham Hotspur, winning the UEFA Europa League three and a half seasons later.

At international level, Bentancur was a member of the Uruguay U20 squad that won the 2017 South American U-20 Championship. He made his senior debut for Uruguay in 2017, representing the side at the FIFA World Cup in 2018 and 2022, and the Copa América in 2019, 2021 and 2024.

2018–19 Serie A
The 2018–19 Serie A (known as the Serie A TIM for sponsorship reasons) was the 117th season of top-tier Italian football, the 87th in a round-robin tournament, and the 9th since its organization under a league committee separate from Serie B. Juventus were the seven-time defending champions and defended their title following their victory against Fiorentina on 20 April 2019. The season was run from 18 August 2018 to 26 May 2019.
Mayor of Karachi
Mayor of Karachi (Urdu: ناظم کراچی; Sindhi: ميئر ڪراچي‎) is the executive of the Karachi metropolitan corporation and the Karachi local government system of the city of Karachi, which is the third tier of governance in Pakistan after federal and provincial governments.

Lyari Development Authority
Lyari Development Authority (LDA) was established in 1993 by the Government of Sindh to oversee the development of Lyari, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. It was merged with the City District Government Karachi in 2001 but were reinstated after its dissolution.
Truth and Reconciliation Commission (South Africa)
The Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) was a court-like restorative justice body assembled in South Africa in 1996 after the end of apartheid. Authorised by Nelson Mandela and chaired by Desmond Tutu, the commission invited witnesses who were identified as victims of gross human rights violations to give statements about their experiences, and selected some for public hearings. Perpetrators of violence could also give testimony and request amnesty from both civil and criminal prosecution.

The Institute for Justice and Reconciliation was established in 2000 as the successor organisation of the TRC.

William Kentridge
William Kentridge (born 28 April 1955) is a South African artist best known for his prints, drawings, and animated films. He is especially noted for a sequence of hand-drawn animated films he produced during the 1990s, constructed by filming a drawing, making erasures and changes, and filming it again. He continues this process meticulously, giving each change to the drawing a quarter of a second's to two seconds' screen time. A single drawing will be altered and filmed this way until the end of a scene. These palimpsest-like drawings are later displayed along with the films as finished pieces of art.

Kentridge has created artwork as part of design of theatrical productions, both plays and operas. He has served as art director and overall director of numerous productions, collaborating with other artists, puppeteers and others in creating productions that combine drawings and multi-media combinations.
Code of Conduct for Clearing and Settlement
The European Code of Conduct for Clearing and Settlement (Code of Conduct) was an initiative of European securities exchanges, clearing houses and central securities depositories to set uniform rules for trading, clearing, settlement and custody services for stocks. The Code of Conduct contains rules which aimed to enhance transparency for customers and improve services for cross-border transactions as well as harmonise the European capital market and revitalise the international securities traffic. It would lead on to the European Market Infrastructure Regulation and other central counterparty clearing harmonization as part of the European Union.

European Market Infrastructure Regulation
The European Market Infrastructure Regulation (EMIR) is an EU regulation aimed at reducing systemic counterparty and operational risk and thereby preventing future financial system collapses. Its focus is regulation of over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives, central counterparties and trade repositories. It provides steer on reporting of derivative contracts, implementation of risk management standards and common rules for central counterparties and trade repositories.

The regulation was initially adopted in 2012 and an amended version, the EMIR Refit regulation, was later on adopted in 2019.
Dick LaRossa
Richard Joseph LaRossa (born July 1, 1946) is an American Republican Party politician and former television presenter who served two terms in the New Jersey Senate, where he represented the 15th Legislative District from 1992 to 1998.

Board of County Commissioners (New Jersey)
In New Jersey, a Board of County Commissioners (until 2020 named the Board of Chosen Freeholders) is the elected county-wide government board in each of the state's 21 counties. In the five counties that have an elected county executive, the board of county commissioners serves as the county legislature. In the remaining counties, the board of county commissioners exercises both executive and legislative functions, often with an appointed county administrator or manager overseeing the day-to-day operations of county government.

As of 2025, 18 of the 21 county commissions are held exclusively by one party; Atlantic, Gloucester, and Cumberland counties are the only ones with both parties represented. Since 2000, 12 counties have only elected members from a single party; Camden, Essex, Hudson, Mercer, Middlesex, and Union counties have chosen only Democrats, and Cape May, Hunterdon, Morris, Ocean, Sussex, and Warren counties have chosen only Republicans.
John Cameron of Lochiel
John Cameron of Lochiel (1663–1747) was a Scottish Jacobite and the 18th Lochiel of Clan Cameron. He was the father of several prominent Jacobite figures, including Donald Cameron of Lochiel, otherwise known as the Gentle Lochiel, who played an important role in the 1745 Jacobite Rising.

Chiefs of Clan Cameron
The following is a list of the Chiefs of Clan Cameron, the senior line of the ancient Cameron clan. The chief is seated at Achnacarry Castle and uniquely referred to as the Lochiel (Scottish Gaelic: Loch Iall).
Yashino, Leningrad Oblast
Yashino (Finnish: Vahviala) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Vyborgsky District of Leningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the Karelian Isthmus.

Before the Winter War and during the Continuation War, it was the center of the Vahviala municipality in the Viipuri Province of Finland. Its name was changed in 1948 from Vahviala to Yashino.

60°47′17″N 28°26′03″E﻿ / ﻿60.78806°N 28.43417°E﻿ / 60.78806; 28.43417

Vyborgsky District, Leningrad Oblast
Vyborgsky District (Russian: Вы́боргский райо́н, romanized: Výborgskiy raión, IPA: [ˈvɨbərkskʲɪj rɐˈjɵn]) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Leningrad Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northwest of the oblast on the Karelian Isthmus and borders with Priozersky District in the northeast, Vsevolozhsky District in the east, Kurortny District of the federal city of St. Petersburg in the south, Kymenlaakso and South Karelia regions of Finland in the northwest, and Lakhdenpokhsky District of the Republic of Karelia in the north. From the southwest, the district is limited by the Gulf of Finland. The area of the district is 7,475.472 square kilometers (2,886.296 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Vyborg. Population (excluding the administrative center): 120,446 (2010 Census); 113,748 (2002 Census); 108,571 (1989 Soviet census).
Ole Scheeren
Ole Scheeren (born 6 January 1971) is a German architect, urbanist and principal of Büro Ole Scheeren with offices in Beijing, Hong Kong, London, Berlin and Bangkok and was a visiting professor at the University of Hong Kong from January 2010.

Beijing Television Cultural Center
The Television Cultural Center (TVCC; Chinese: 中央电视台电视文化中心) is a 34-story skyscraper on East Third Ring Road, Guanghua Road in the Central Business District (CBD) of Beijing, China. Featuring a hotel, a theater, and several television studios, the building was scheduled to open in mid-May 2009. Following a major fire during construction, however, the building's opening was delayed until 16 May 2012.
Natronospira
Natronospira is an extremely halotolerant and alkaliphilic genus of bacteria from the family of Ectothiorhodospiraceae with one known species (Natronospira proteinivora). Natronospira proteinivora has been isolated from hypersaline soda lakes from the Kulunda Steppe in Russia.

Ectothiorhodospiraceae
The Ectothiorhodospiraceae are a family of purple sulfur bacteria, distinguished by producing sulfur globules outside of their cells. The cells are rod-shaped, vibrioid, or spirilla, and they are able to move using flagella. In general, they are marine and prefer anaerobic conditions. Ectothiorhodospiraceae are a vibrio bacteria that require salty living conditions to survive and grow: classifying them as slightly halophilic. Like all purple sulfur bacteria, they are capable of photosynthesis. To complete this energy process, Sulfur compounds are used as electron donors for carbon fixation in the pentose phosphate pathway. This elemental sulfur accumulates outside of the cells.

Ectothiorhodospiraceae mobilis table of characteristics

Note: + = positive, - = negative