hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Reassurance marker
A reassurance marker or confirming marker is a type of traffic sign that confirms the identity of the route being traveled on. It does not provide information found on other types of road signs, such as distances traveled, distances to other locations or upcoming intersections, as is done by highway location markers.

It is a highway shield, usually with a cardinal direction sign, that repeats the name or number of the current route.  They are typically posted at intervals alongside a numbered highway.

Traffic sign
Traffic signs or road signs are signs erected at the side of or above roads to give instructions or provide information to road users. The earliest signs were simple wooden or stone milestones. Later, signs with directional arms were introduced, for example the fingerposts in the United Kingdom and their wooden counterparts in Saxony.

With traffic volumes increasing since the 1930s, many countries have adopted pictorial signs or otherwise simplified and standardized their signs to overcome language barriers, and enhance traffic safety. Such pictorial signs use symbols (often silhouettes) in place of words and are usually based on international protocols. Such signs were first developed in Europe, and have been adopted by most countries to varying degrees.
The X Factor (American TV series) season 2
Season two of the American television music competition show The X Factor premiered on Fox on September 12, 2012, and ended on December 20, 2012.

Based on the British format, the competition consists of auditions, in front of producers and then the judges with a live audience; bootcamp; judges' houses and then the live finals. Auditions for the show began in May 2012 and concluded in July 2012. The show is hosted by reality star Khloé Kardashian and Extra host Mario Lopez, replacing Steve Jones from the previous year. Simon Cowell and L.A. Reid returned as judges, while Paula Abdul and Nicole Scherzinger were replaced by Demi Lovato and Britney Spears.

Melanie Amaro
Melanie Ann Amaro (born June 26, 1992) is an American singer who won the first season of The X Factor USA in 2011, securing a $5 million recording contract with Syco Music and Epic Records. Amaro was also the youngest contestant to win the competition during the show's run (2011–2013).
2nd Light Cavalry Lancers Regiment of the Imperial Guard (Dutch)
The 2nd Light Cavalry Lancers Regiment of the Imperial Guard (French: 2e régiment de chevau-légers lanciers de la Garde Impériale) was a light cavalry regiment of the French Imperial Army's Imperial Guard. Initially intended to serve as hussars in the Dutch royal guard, the regiment was raised in 1810 after the First French Empire annexed the Kingdom of Holland. It was known throughout the French army for its loyalty and military abilities, as well as its professionalism on and off the battlefield.

Imperial Guard (Napoleon I)
The Imperial Guard (French: Garde Impériale) was the imperial guard formation of the French Imperial Army. Under the direct command of Napoleon, the formation expanded considerably over time and acted as his personal bodyguard and tactical reserve. The Imperial Guard was divided into a general staff and infantry, cavalry and artillery regiments along with battalions of sappers and marines. It distinguished between experienced veterans and less experienced members by being separated into three formations: the Old Guard, Middle Guard and Young Guard. The Young Guard was virtually annihilated in the Battle of Krasnoi during the French invasion of Russia.
Stanislav Stepashkin
Stanislav Ivanovich Stepashkin (Russian: Станислав Иванович Степашкин; 1 September 1940 – 4 September 2013) was an Olympic boxer from the Soviet Union.

Born in Moscow, Stepashkin trained at Trudovye Rezervy until 1963 and then at the Armed Forces sports society. He became the Honoured Master of Sports of the USSR in 1964 and was awarded the Order of the Badge of Honor in the following year. He competed at the 1964 Tokyo Olympics in the Featherweight (-57 kg) division winning the gold medal. During his career Stepashkin won 193 fights out of 204. He graduated from the State Order of Lenin Central Institute of Physical Education.

Unified Sports Classification System of Russia
Unified All-Russian Sports Classification (Russian: Единая всероссийская спортивная классификация) is a system which regulates the Russian physical education system requirements for both athletes and coaches.
Peh Nuk
Peh Nuk (Persian: پهنوك, also Romanized as Peh Nūk; also known as Pey Nūk) is a village in Bahmai-ye Garmsiri-ye Shomali Rural District, Bahmai-ye Garmsiri District, Bahmai County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 221, in 43 families.

Bahmai-ye Garmsiri-ye Shomali Rural District
Bahmai-ye Garmsiri-ye Shomali Rural District (Persian: دهستان بهمئي گرمسيرئ شمالي) is in Mombi District of Bahmai County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Gerd-e Kuchak. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Qaleh Mombi, now a city.
Heel tap sign
Heel tap sign, also called heel-jar or jar tenderness, is a clinical sign to identify appendicitis. It is found in patients with localized peritonitis. With the patient supine the right heel is elevated by 10-20 degrees is hit firmly with palm of the examiner's hand.

The prehospital equivalent of this sign is when pain is elicited as the ambulance hits bumps and potholes during the transport of the patient. Pain may be severe and may radiate to other areas with movement.

It is similar to rebound tenderness, but may be easier to elicit when the patient has firm abdominal wall muscles. Abdominal pain on walking or running is an equivalent sign.

Signs and symptoms
Signs and symptoms are diagnostic indications of an illness, injury, or condition. While signs are objective and externally observable, symptoms are a person's reported subjective experiences.

A sign, for example, can be an elevated or lower than normal temperature or blood pressure; or an abnormal finding showing on medical imaging. A symptom is something out of the ordinary that is experienced by an individual such as feeling feverish, a headache or other pains in the body. Symptoms can be a result of the immune system's response to an infection, the physical manifestation of an abnormal body condition, or the effect of a consumed substance. Symptoms, though often indicative of a disease process, are not always diagnostically relevant, and can be idiopathic in nature.
2021 America East men's soccer tournament
The 2021 America East Conference men's soccer tournament was the postseason men's soccer tournament for the America East Conference held from November 6 through November 14, 2021. The five-match tournament took place at campus sites, with the higher seed hosting. The six-team single-elimination tournament consisted of three rounds based on seeding from regular season conference play. The defending champions were the New Hampshire, who were unable to defend their title, losing in the Final. Vermont won their first tournament in program history after a 1–0 victory in the final over New Hampshire.  It was the sixth victory for the Vermont Catamounts soccer program and the first for Head Coach Rob Dow. As tournament champions, Vermont earned the America East's automatic berth into the 2021 NCAA Division I men's soccer tournament.

2021 NCAA Division I men's soccer tournament
The 2021 NCAA Division I men's soccer tournament was the 63rd edition of the NCAA Division I men's soccer tournament, a postseason tournament that determined the national champion of the 2021 NCAA Division I men's soccer season. The College Cup, the semifinals and finals of the tournament, were played on December 10 and December 12 in Cary, North Carolina.
Khusropur railway station
Khusropur Station, station code KOO, is a railway station in the Danapur railway division of East Central Railway. Khusropur is connected to metropolitan areas of India, by the Delhi–Kolkata main line via Mugalsarai–Patna route. Khusropur is located in Patna district in the Indian state of Bihar. Due to its location on the Howrah–Patna–Mughalsarai main line many Patna, Barauni bound express trains coming from Howrah, Sealdah stop here.

Danapur railway division
Danapur railway division is one of the five railway divisions under the jurisdiction of East Central Railway zone of the Indian Railways. It is located in Danapur of the Indian state of Bihar. The other railway divisions are Sonpur, Samastipur, Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya and Dhanbad. The division's revenue for the 2014–15 fiscal year was ₹900 crore (US$110 million).
Massoud Ali-Mohammadi
Massoud Ali-Mohammadi (Persian: مسعود علی‌محمدی‎; 24 August 1959 – 12 January 2010) was an Iranian quantum field theorist and elementary-particle physicist and a distinguished professor of elementary particle physics at the University of Tehran's Department of Physics. Ali-Mohammadi was the first PhD graduate student in physics of the Sharif University of Technology. He published some 53 articles and letters in peer-reviewed academic journals and wrote and translated several physics textbooks, including Modern Quantum Mechanics, revised edition, by J. J. Sakurai, which he translated from English into Persian in collaboration with Hamidreza Moshfegh.

On 12 January 2010, Ali-Mohammadi was assassinated in front of his home in Tehran, while leaving for university. Majid Jamali Fashi was convicted of his killing and executed on 15 May 2012. He stated that he had acted on the instructions of Mossad and had been trained in Tel Aviv.

Gheytarieh
Qeytarieh (Persian: قیطریه, also spelled Gheytarieh) is a neighbourhood in northern Tehran, located within the larger Shemiran district. Qeytarieh has a park with the same name. It is served by the Gheytariyeh Metro Station.

Qeytarieh's neighbouring districts are Niavaran, Kamranieh, Farmanieh, Elahieh and Tajrish.
The reason for the formation of this neighborhood, like most other neighborhoods in Shemiranat, can be considered as agriculture and horticulture. Most of the people who settled the neighborhood came here from the city of Borujerd from the Lorestan province.
Kisha club
A kisha club (記者クラブ, kisha kurabu; "reporters' club") is a Japanese news-gathering association of reporters from specific news organizations, whose reporting centers on a press room set up by sources such as the Prime Minister's Official Residence, government ministries, local authorities, the police, or corporate bodies. In English, it also called a Press Club.

Institutions with a kisha club limit their press conferences to the journalists of that club, and membership rules for kisha clubs are restrictive. This blocks access by domestic non-member media, such as magazines and smaller newspapers, and the foreign media, as well as freelance reporters, to the press conferences.

While similar arrangements exist in other countries, the Japanese form of this type of organization is seen as one of the most extreme, with journalists actively denying access to other journalists, which has led to use of the Japanese term in other languages, often with a critical meaning.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japan)
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japanese: 外務省, Hepburn: Gaimu-shō) is an executive department of the Government of Japan, and is responsible for the country's foreign policy and international relations.

The ministry was established by the second term of the third article of the National Government Organization Act, and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Establishment Act. According to the law, the mission of the ministry is "to aim at improvement of the profits of Japan and Japanese nationals, while contributing to maintenance of peaceful and safe international society, and, through an active and eager measure, both to implement good international environment and to keep and develop harmonic foreign relationships".
Van Hulssen Islands
Van Hulssen Islands is a group of about ten small islands, of which Van Hulssen Island is the largest, lying 2.8 km (1.5 nmi) north of Pila Island in Holme Bay. The islands were mapped by Norwegian cartographers from air photos taken by the Lars Christensen Expedition, 1936–37, and included as part of a group called "Ytterskjera." They were remapped by ANARE (Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions), 1954–62, and named after the largest island in the group.

Pila Island
Pila Island is a small island 2.8 km (1.5 nmi) west of the Flat Islands in Holme Bay, Mac. Robertson Land. Mapped by Norwegian cartographers from air photos taken by the Lars Christensen Expedition, 1936–37, and named Pila (the arrow).
Shatranj
Shatranj (Persian: شطرنج, pronounced [ʃaˈtˤrandʒ]; from Middle Persian chatrang) is an old form of chess, as played in the Sasanian Empire. Its origins lie in the Indian game of chaturanga. Modern chess gradually developed from this game, as it was introduced to Europe by contacts in Muslim Al-Andalus (modern Spain) and in Sicily in the 10th century. In modern Persian, the term is also used as the translation of chess.

Ferdowsi
Ferdowsi (940-1025) was a Persian poet and the author of Shahnameh ("Book of Kings"), which is one of the world's longest epic poems created by a single poet, and the greatest epic of Persian-speaking countries. Ferdowsi is celebrated as one of the most influential figures of Persian literature and one of the greatest in the history of literature.
Nartsane War (1769)
The Nartsane War, or the 1769 Kabardian Uprising was an important event in the early stages of the Russo-Circassian war, which saw the Kabardian people resist Russian expansion in the North Caucasus. In May 1769, General-Major De-Medem led Russian forces into Kabardia, a region in the North Caucasus.

Kabardia
The Grand Principality of Great Kabarda, also known as East Circassia or Kabardia (Kabardian: Къэбэрдей), was a historical country in the North Caucasus corresponding partly to modern-day Kabardino-Balkaria. It existed as a political community from the fifteenth century until it came under Russian control in the early nineteenth century after the Russo-Circassian War.
General Staff of the Defence Forces of Georgia
The General Staff of the Defence Forces of Georgia (Georgian: საქართველოს თავდაცვის ძალების გენერალური შტაბი, romanized: sakartvelos tavdatsvis dzalebis generaluri sht'abi) is the chief military staff of the Defence Forces of Georgia. It is a structural subunit of the Ministry of Defence of Georgia and reports to the Minister of Defence and the Chief of Defence Forces of Georgia. The General Staff's principal responsibility is to aid the Chief of Defence in their various tasks of military management and operational control of the Defence Forces. The General Staff is headed by the Chief of General Staff of Georgian Defence Forces, who is an ex officio Deputy Chief of the Defence Forces. They are appointed by the Minister of Defence of Georgia.

Ministry of Defence of Georgia
The Ministry of Defence of Georgia (Georgian: საქართველოს თავდაცვის სამინისტრო, sakartvelos tavdatsvis saministro) is the Georgian government ministry in charge of the Defence Forces of Georgia and regulating activities in defence of the country from external threats, preserving territorial integrity and waging wars on behalf of Georgia. The Minister of Defence is appointed and removed from the post by the Prime Minister of Georgia. The ministry is currently headed by Irakli Chikovani.
Fátima Ptacek
Fátima Ptacek (/pəˈtɑːtʃɛk/; born August 20, 2000) is an American film and television actress and model. A human rights activist working with UN Women's #HeForShe campaign for gender equality, she is best known as the lead actor in the 2012 Academy Award-winning short film Curfew and its 2014 full-length feature film version Before I Disappear. She lent her voice as the lead role of Dora Márquez in the Nickelodeon animated television series Dora the Explorer from 2012 to 2019 and Dora and Friends: Into the City! from 2014 to 2017.

Reading Is Fundamental
Reading Is Fundamental, Inc. (RIF) is the oldest and largest non-profit children's literacy organization in the United States. RIF provides books (print and digital) and reading resources to children nationwide with supporting literacy resources for educators, families, and community volunteers.
KBYG
KBYG (1400 AM, "Big 1400 AM") is a radio station broadcasting a classic hits music format. Licensed to Big Spring, in the U.S. state of Texas, the station serves the Big Spring-Snyder area. The station is currently owned by Weeks Broadcasting, Inc.

Big Spring, Texas
Big Spring is a city in and the county seat of Howard County, Texas, United States, at the crossroads of U.S. Highway 87 and Interstate 20. Its population was 26,144 at the 2020 census. Big Spring was established as the county seat of Howard County in 1882; it is the largest community in the county.

The city took its name from the single, large spring that issued into a small gorge between the base of Scenic Mountain and a neighboring hill in the southwestern part of the city limits. Although the name is sometimes still mistakenly pluralized, it is officially singular. "To the native or established residents who may wince at the plural in Big Spring, it should be explained that until about 1916, when for some unexplained reason the name dropped the final 's', the official name of the town was indeed Big Springs."
Apomixis
In botany, apomixis is asexual development of seed or embryo without fertilization.

Apomictically produced offspring are genetically identical to the parent plant, except in nonrecurrent apomixis.  Its etymology is Greek for "away from" + "mixing".

Normal asexual reproduction of plants, such as propagation from cuttings or leaves, has never been considered to be apomixis. In contrast to parthenocarpy, which involves seedless fruit formation without fertilization, apomictic fruits have viable seeds containing a proper embryo, with asexual origin.

In flowering plants, the term "apomixis" is used in a restricted sense to mean agamospermy, i.e. clonal reproduction through seeds. Although agamospermy could theoretically occur in gymnosperms, it appears to be absent in that group.

Some authors included all forms of asexual reproduction within apomixis, but that generalization of the term has since died out.

Ovule
In seed plants, the ovule is the structure that gives rise to and contains the female reproductive cells. It consists of three parts: the integument, forming its outer layer, the nucellus (or remnant of the megasporangium), and the female gametophyte (formed from a haploid megaspore) in its center. The female gametophyte — specifically termed a megagametophyte — is also called the embryo sac in angiosperms. The megagametophyte produces an egg cell for the purpose of fertilization. The ovule is a small structure present in the ovary. It is attached to the placenta by a stalk called a funicle. The funicle provides nourishment to the ovule. On the basis of the relative position of micropyle, body of the ovule, chalaza and funicle, there are six types of ovules.
Nouakchott-Sud (National Assembly district)
Nouakchott-Sud (Arabic: نواكشوط الجنوبية) is one of the 60 electoral districts represented in the National Assembly. The constituency currently elects 7 deputies. Its boundaries correspond to those of the Mauritanian wilaya of Nouakchott-Sud. The electoral system uses the largest remainder method and a closed-list proportional representation, with no minimum threshold.

Electoral districts of Mauritania
Mauritania is divided into several electoral districts (Arabic: دوائر إنتخابية) for the election of deputies to the National Assembly, based on the departments of the country, with the exception of the capital city of Nouakchott, where the electoral districts are based on the three regions the city is divided in.
Le Trident (theatre)
Le Trident is a group of three theatres in the city of Cherbourg-Octeville, within the Manche department of Normandy, in northern France.

The theatres were made a 'scène nationale' on 14 October, 2002, after the merger of the Théâtre de Cherbourg-Scène Nationale and the Théâtre de la Butte-CCPO.

Cherbourg-Octeville
Cherbourg-Octeville (French: [ʃɛʁbuʁ ɔkt(ə)vil] ⓘ) is a former commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France. It was formed when Cherbourg and Octeville merged on 28 February 2000. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Cherbourg-en-Cotentin, of which it became a delegated commune.

Cherbourg-Octeville is represented by a delegate mayor (Sébastien Fagnen, elected in 2017) and a delegate municipal council.
...Like Cologne
...Like Cologne is a live EP release by American rock band Queens of the Stone Age. It was released on November 22, 2013, exclusively on Spotify.

The EP features live acoustic versions of three tracks, recorded on September 4, 2013 at the Kulturkirche in Cologne, Germany. The tracks include "Long Slow Goodbye", from 2005's Lullabies to Paralyze, and "The Vampyre of Time and Memory" and "I Sat by the Ocean" from 2013's ...Like Clockwork.

Lullabies to Paralyze
Lullabies to Paralyze is the fourth studio album by American rock band Queens of the Stone Age, released on March 22, 2005. The album debuted at #5 on the Billboard 200, and sold 97,000 copies in America during its first week of release, eventually topping over 342,000 copies as of March, 2007 according to Nielsen Soundscan. The album has been certified gold in the UK, where it has sold over 100,000 units. It is also the band's first album to be released after bassist Nick Oliveri was fired from the band. Singer/guitarist Josh Homme and singer Mark Lanegan are the only members from the previous album, Songs for the Deaf, to play on this album and it is the first album to feature drummer Joey Castillo and guitarist Troy Van Leeuwen.
1990 Peak AntiFreeze 500
The 1990 Peak Antifreeze 500 was the 23rd stock car race of the 1990 NASCAR Winston Cup Series season and the 20th iteration of the event. The race was held on Sunday, September 16, 1990, before an audience of 74,000 in Dover, Delaware at Dover Downs International Speedway, a 1-mile (1.6 km) permanent oval-shaped racetrack. The race took the scheduled 500 laps to complete. At race's end, Melling Racing driver Bill Elliott would manage to dominate a majority of the race, leading 364 laps of the race to take his 33rd career NASCAR Winston Cup Series victory and his only victory of the season. To fill out the top three, Roush Racing driver Mark Martin and Richard Childress Racing driver Dale Earnhardt would finish second and third, respectively.

1990 NASCAR Winston Cup Series
The 1990 NASCAR Winston Cup Series was the 42nd season of professional stock car racing in the United States and the 19th modern-era Cup Series. It began on Sunday, February 11, and ended on Sunday, November 18. Because of a highly controversial penalty to Mark Martin early in the season, Dale Earnhardt with Richard Childress Racing was crowned the Winston Cup champion for the fourth time, edging out Martin by 26 points.
George S. Irving
George S. Irving (born Irving Shelasky; November 1, 1922 – December 26, 2016) was an American actor known primarily for his character roles on Broadway and as the voice of Heat Miser in the American Christmas television specials The Year Without a Santa Claus (1974) and A Miser Brothers' Christmas (2008).

Geppetto
Geppetto (/dʒəˈpɛtoʊ/ jə-PET-oh; Italian: [dʒepˈpetto]) is a fictional character in the 1883 Italian novel The Adventures of Pinocchio by Carlo Collodi. Geppetto is an elderly, impoverished woodcarver and the creator (and thus 'father') of Pinocchio. He wears a yellow wig resembling cornmeal mush (called polendina), and consequently his neighbors call him "Polendina" to annoy him. The name Geppetto is a Tuscan diminutive of the name Giuseppe (Italian for Joseph).