hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lu Qi (Tang dynasty)
Lu Qi (Chinese: 盧杞), courtesy name Ziliang (子良), was a politician of China's Tang dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Dezong. He was characterized as treacherous and selfish in traditional historical accounts, and traditional historians blamed him for provoking the rebellions of Zhu Ci and Li Huaiguang, which greatly weakened the Tang state.

Yinchuan
Yinchuan (Chinese: 银川; pinyin: Yínchuān; lit. "Silver River") is a prefecture‑level city and the capital of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in northwest China. It served as the imperial capital of the Tangut‑led Western Xia (1038–1227).

Yinchuan hosts the biennial China–Arab States Expo. As of the 2020 Chinese census, Yinchuan’s administrative area had 2,859,074 inhabitants; the built‑up area had 2,564,918 residents, comprising the three urban districts and the urbanized parts of Helan and Yongning counties. At the end of 2024, the resident population of the city was 2,914,700, an increase of 66,600 over the end of the previous year. Among them, the urban population is 2,429,400.
WEC 15
WEC 15: Judgment Day was a mixed martial arts event promoted by World Extreme Cagefighting on May 19, 2005, at the Tachi Palace Hotel & Casino in Lemoore, California. The card featured the likes of Joe Riggs, Chris Lytle and James Irvin compete.

James Irvin (fighter)
James Lee Irvin (born September 12, 1978) is a retired American professional mixed martial artist, who was a professional competitor from 2003 to 2012, Irvin is the former WEC Heavyweight Champion and has also competed in the UFC, Strikeforce, Bellator and KSW.
Carex spissa
Carex spissa is a species of sedge known by the common name San Diego sedge in the family Cyperaceae. It is native to the southwestern United States in California, Arizona, and New Mexico, and far northern Mexico. It grows in wet places such as seeps and streambanks, sometimes on serpentine soils. This sedge looks somewhat like a cattail. It produces angled stems easily exceeding a meter in height surrounded by leathery green to reddish leaves up to about 1.2 meters long. The inflorescence is up to 80 centimeters long, with many long reddish brown flower spikes, each holding up to 300 developing fruits.

Typha
Typha /ˈtaɪfə/ is a genus of about 30 species of monocotyledonous flowering plants in the family Typhaceae. These plants have a variety of common names, in British English bulrush or (mainly historically) reedmace, in American English cattail or punks, in Australia cumbungi or bulrush, in Canada bulrush or cattail, and in New Zealand raupō, bullrush, cattail, or reed.

The genus is largely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere, where it is found in a variety of wetland habitats. Although they can accumulate toxins in polluted areas, many parts of the plant are edible, including the starchy rhizomes.
1967 Wimbledon Championships – Men's doubles
Ken Fletcher and John Newcombe were the defending champions, but decided not to compete together. Newcome partnered with Tony Roche but lost in the quarterfinals to Peter Curtis and Graham Stilwell.

Bob Hewitt and Frew McMillan defeated Fletcher and his partner Roy Emerson in the final, 6–2, 6–3, 6–4 to win the gentlemen's doubles tennis title at the 1967 Wimbledon Championship.

Frew McMillan
Frew Donald McMillan (born 20 May 1942) is a former professional tennis player from South Africa who won five grand slam doubles titles including three Wimbledons with Bob Hewitt. All together, he won 63 doubles titles, surpassed only by the Bryan brothers, Daniel Nestor, Mark Woodforde, Todd Woodbridge, John McEnroe and Tom Okker. He was also ranked No.1 in Doubles on the ATP Computer for a significant period from 1977 to 1979 when he was aged 37.
Laser coagulation
Laser coagulation or laser photocoagulation surgery is used to treat a number of eye diseases and has become widely used in recent decades. During the procedure, a laser is used to finely cauterize ocular blood vessels to attempt to bring about various therapeutic benefits. The ruby laser was first used in the 1960s but its red wavelength was less effective than green, which appeared in argon-ion lasers in 1969, but was ultimately replaced by the diode-pumped solid-state green laser.

The procedure is used mostly to close blood vessels in the eye, in certain kinds of diabetic retinopathy; it is no longer used in age-related macular degeneration in favor of anti-VEGF drugs.

Diode-pumped solid-state laser
A diode-pumped solid-state laser (DPSSL) is a solid-state laser made by pumping a solid gain medium, for example, a ruby or a neodymium-doped YAG crystal, with a laser diode.

DPSSLs have advantages in compactness and efficiency over other types, and high power DPSSLs have replaced ion lasers and flashlamp-pumped lasers in many scientific applications, and are now appearing commonly in green and other color laser pointers.
ES PEVM
ES PEVM (ЕС ПЭВМ) was a Soviet clone of the IBM PC in the 1980s. The ES PEVM models lineup also included analogues of IBM PC XT, IBM PC AT, IBM XT/370.

The computers and software were adapted in Minsk, Belarus, at the Scientific Research Institute of Electronic Computer Machines (НИИ ЭВМ).

They were manufactured in Minsk as well, at Minsk Production Group for Computing Machinery (Минское производственное объединение вычислительной техники (МПО ВТ)).

IBM Personal Computer AT
The IBM Personal Computer AT (model 5170, abbreviated as IBM AT or PC/AT) was released in 1984 as the fourth model in the IBM Personal Computer line, following the IBM PC XT and its IBM Portable PC variant. It was designed around the Intel 80286 microprocessor.
Georg Ludwig von Puttkamer
Georg Ludwig von Puttkamer (11 April 1715, Versin – 12 August 1759 at Kunersdorf) was a Prussian major general and squire of Pawonków and Pietrowice in Upper Silesia; he came from the Pomeranian noble family of Puttkamer.

Upper Silesia
Upper Silesia (Polish: Górny Śląsk [ˈɡurnɨ ˈɕlɔ̃sk] ⓘ ; Silesian: Gůrny Ślůnsk, Gōrny Ślōnsk; Czech: Horní Slezsko; German: Oberschlesien [ˈoːbɐˌʃleːzi̯ən] ⓘ ; Silesian German: Oberschläsing; Latin: Silesia Superior) is the southeastern part of the historical and geographical region of Silesia, located today mostly in Poland, with small parts in the Czech Republic. The area is predominantly known for its heavy industry (mining and metallurgy).
Linux malware
Linux malware includes viruses, Trojans, worms and other types of malware that affect the Linux family of operating systems. Linux, Unix and other Unix-like computer operating systems are generally regarded as very well-protected against, but not immune to, computer viruses.

Sophos
Sophos Limited is a British security software and hardware company. It develops and markets managed security services and cybersecurity software and hardware, such as managed detection and response, incident response and endpoint security software. Sophos was listed on the London Stock Exchange until it was acquired by Thoma Bravo, an American private equity firm in March 2020.
DNA replication stress
DNA replication stress refers to the state of a cell whose genome is exposed to various stresses. The events that contribute to replication stress occur during DNA replication, and can result in a stalled replication fork.

There are many events that contribute to replication stress, including:

Misincorporation of ribonucleotides

Unusual DNA structures

Conflicts between replication and transcription

Insufficiency of essential replication factors

Common fragile sites

Overexpression or constitutive activation of oncogenes

Chromatin inaccessibility

ATM and ATR are proteins that help to alleviate replication stress. Specifically, they are kinases that are recruited and activated by DNA damage. The stalled replication fork can collapse if these regulatory proteins fail to stabilize it. When this occurs, reassembly of the fork is initiated in order to repair the damaged DNA end.

Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related
Serine/threonine-protein kinase ATR, also known as ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein (ATR) or FRAP-related protein 1 (FRP1), is an enzyme that, in humans, is encoded by the ATR gene. It is a large kinase of about 301.66 kDa. ATR belongs to the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinase protein family. ATR is activated in response to single strand breaks, and works with ATM to ensure genome integrity.
Barn Hill Meadows
Barn Hill Meadows is a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It is located to the west of the town of Howden. The site, which was designated a SSSI in 1987, lies on the flood plain of the Old Derwent river. The site is important for its herb-rich, unimproved, neutral grassland. Several of the fields have been traditionally managed for hay and some retain remnant ridge and furrow features.
The dominant grasses are red fescue and sweet vernal-grass. There is also an abundance of great burnet, pepper saxifrage and meadow cranes bill.

Silaum silaus
Silaum silaus, commonly known as pepper-saxifrage, is a perennial plant in the family Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) (the carrot family) found across south-eastern, central, and western Europe, including the British Isles. It grows in damp grasslands on neutral soils.
The Book of David
The Book of David is the eighth studio album by American rapper and producer DJ Quik, released April 19, 2011, on Mad Science and Fontana Distribution.

The album debuted at No. 55 on the Billboard 200, selling 10,000 copies in its first week in the United States.

Bun B
Bernard James Freeman (born March 19, 1973), known professionally as Bun B, is an American rapper. He is best known as one half of the Southern rap duo UGK (Underground Kingz), which he formed in 1987 alongside Pimp C. Aside from his work with UGK, Bun B has released five solo albums, including 2010's Trill OG, which received the rare 5-mic rating from The Source.
Speed skating at the 2025 Asian Winter Games
Speed skating competitions at the 2025 Asian Winter Games in Harbin, China, were held at Heilongjiang Winter Sports Training Center Speed Skating Rink between 8–11 February 2025.

Chinese Taipei won its first ever Asian Winter Games medal, when Chen Ying-chu won silver in the women's 100 metres event.

Heilongjiang Winter Sports Training Center
The Heilongjiang Winter Sports Training Center (Chinese: 黑龙江省冰上训练中心) is a state-funded ice sports complex in Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China. Established in 1973 and managed by the Heilongjiang Provincial Sports Bureau, it serves as a national training hub for ice sports and a venue for international competitions. Spanning 91,545 m2, the center comprises three main facilities: the Speed Skating Hall, Short Track & Figure Skating Hall, and Figure Skating Training Hall. Recognized as a "National Comprehensive Sports Training Base" in 2014, it has produced numerous Olympic champions, including Yang Yang, Wang Meng, and Zhang Hong.
Edmond de Goeyse
Dr. Edmond de Goeyse (1 October 1907 – 21 December 1998) was a Flemish student leader during the 1920s and 1930s. He was born in Antwerp.

He founded the pioneer student fraternity Bezem Lovania Brussel in 1925 and in 1927 he tried to reestablish the German fraternity K.A.V. Lovania Leuven, affiliated with the Cartellverband der katholischen deutschen Studentenverbindungen.

In 1929, he united all Flemish student clubs in the Seniorenkonvent (SK), a subdivision of the Katholiek Vlaams Hoogstudentenverbond (KVHV) and wrote the Belgian version of the clubcodex, currently still in use by most students from Flanders.

He died in Leuven, aged 91 in 1998.

Katholiek Vlaams Hoogstudentenverbond
Katholiek Vlaams Hoogstudentenverbond (KVHV) or the Catholic Flemish Students' Association is a political student society which concerns Flemish nationalism and conservatism. It accepts male and female members and has chapters in Ghent, Leuven, Antwerp, Brussels, Aalst and Sint-Katelijne-Waver. Previously KVHV had chapters in Kortrijk, Ostend, and Mechelen.
Australosomus
Australosomus (meaning "southern body") is an extinct genus of prehistoric ray-finned fish that lived during the Early Triassic epoch in what is now Greenland, Kenya, Tanzania, Madagascar, South Africa and Canada (British Columbia).

The type species, Australosomus merlei from Madagascar, was first described as Pristisomus merlei by Ferdinand Priem. A new genus, Australosomus, was later erected for this species by Jean Piveteau.

Australosomus is one of many genera to arise after the Permian-Triassic extinction event, only to die out during the Early Triassic, possibly during a subsequent extinction event.

Most species were marine, except for the African species, which were found in freshwater deposits.

The genus name Australosomus ("southern body") is inaccurate, as Australosomus is known as far north as Canada and Greenland, although the first known remains were described from Madagascar.

Jean Piveteau
Jean Piveteau (23 September 1899 – 7 March 1991) was a distinguished French vertebrate paleontologist.  He was elected to the French Academy of Sciences in 1956 and served as the institute's president in 1973.
Dimethylcadmium
Dimethylcadmium is the organocadmium compound with the formula Cd(CH3)2.  It is a colorless, highly toxic liquid that fumes in air. It is a linear molecule with C-Cd bond lengths of 213 pm. The compound finds limited use as a reagent in organic synthesis and in metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). It has also been used in the synthesis of cadmium selenide nanoparticles, although efforts have been made to replace it in this capacity due to its toxicity.

Dimethylcadmium is prepared by treating cadmium dihalides with methyl Grignard reagents or methyllithium.

CdBr2 + 2 CH3MgBr → Cd(CH3)2 + 2 MgBr2

The same method was used in the first preparation of this compound.

Dimethylcadmium is a weak Lewis acid, forming a labile adduct with diethyl ether. A yellow, air-sensitive adduct is formed with 2,2'-bipyridine.

2,2′-Bipyridine
2,2′-Bipyridine (bipy or bpy, pronounced /ˈbɪpiː/) is an organic compound with the formula (C5H4N)2. This colorless solid is an important isomer of the bipyridine family. It is a bidentate chelating ligand, forming complexes with many transition metals. Ruthenium and platinum complexes of bipy exhibit intense luminescence.
Pkhovi
Pkhovi (Georgian: ფხოვი), also known as Pkhoeti (ფხოეთი), is a medieval term for the mountainous district in northeast Georgia comprising the latter-day provinces of Pshavi and Khevsureti along the upper reaches of the Aragvi, and in three alpine valleys just north of the main crest of the Greater Caucasus. Today it is territory of  Dusheti Municipality, Mtskheta-Mtianeti region.

Mkhare
A mkhare (Georgian: მხარე, mxare) is a type of administrative division in the country of Georgia. It is usually translated into English as "region".

According to presidential decrees issued in 1994 and 1996, Georgia's division into regions is on a provisional basis until the secessionist conflicts in Abkhazia and South Ossetia are resolved. The regional administration is headed by a state commissioner (სახელმწიფო რწმუნებული, Saxelmćipo Rćmunebuli, usually translated as "governor"), an official appointed by the president.

The regions are further subdivided into municipalities. There are nine regions in Georgia (see also map opposite):
Del Mar Fairgrounds
The Del Mar Fairgrounds is an event venue in Del Mar, California, United States. It hosts the annual San Diego County Fair. The venue sits on a 370-acre (1.5 km2) property along the Pacific Ocean coastline. It includes the Del Mar Racetrack, built in 1936 by the Del Mar Thoroughbred Club, with founding member Bing Crosby providing leadership.

The Del Mar Fairgrounds and Del Mar Thoroughbred Club share one address for the complex. The site is owned by the State of California and is managed by the 22nd District Agricultural Association, a state agency that hosts more than 300 annual events. Its staff organizes major annual events and runs Surfside Race Place, the year-round satellite horse racing facility. The Del Mar Thoroughbred Club leases the facilities for their live meets each year.

Saratoga Race Course
Saratoga Race Course is a Thoroughbred horse racing track located on Union Avenue in Saratoga Springs, New York, United States. Opened in 1863, it is often considered to be the oldest major sporting venue of any kind in the U.S. It is the fourth oldest racetrack after Pleasanton Fairgrounds Racetrack (1858), Freehold Raceway (1854) and Fair Grounds Race Course (1852).

The racetrack is operated by the New York Racing Association.

The Saratoga meet originally lasted only four days. The meet has been lengthened gradually since that time. From 1962 to 1990, the meet lasted four weeks and began in late July or early August. In 2010, the meet expanded to 40 racing days, with races held five days per week. It lasts from mid-July through Labor Day in early September.
R507 road (Ireland)
The R507 road is a regional road in the east of County Limerick, Ireland which runs south-north from its junction with the N24 national road at Cluggin Cross (near the village of Oola) and its junction with the R505 regional road in the village of Doon.

The road is 8 km (5.0 mi) long.

Oola
Oola (Irish: Úlla, meaning 'round hillocks' [ˈuːl̪ˠə] or Uibhle [ˈɪvʲlʲə]) is a village in County Limerick in Ireland. It is near the border with County Tipperary in the midwest of the country. The village is home to a Catholic church (Church of the Sacred Heart), a petrol station, a convenience store, two public houses, a GAA pitch, a post office, a takeaway, a betting shop, a credit union, a hall, and a chemist. As of the 2016 census, Oola had a population of 324 inhabitants. The village is in a civil parish of the same name.
Westerwald Lakes
The Westerwald Lakes (German: Westerwälder Seen) lie within the eponymous Westerwald Lake District (Westerwälder Seenplatte) in the Westerwald forest within the town quarters of Hachenburg, Westerburg, Montabaur and Dierdorf in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate.

The lakes consist of seven ponds:

Brinkenweiher

Haidenweiher

Hausweiher

Hoffmannsweiher

Postweiher

Dreifelder Weiher (also Seeweiher)

Wölferlinger Weiher

At 123 hectares, the Dreifelder Weiher is the largest.

Dierdorf
Dierdorf (German pronunciation: [ˈdiːɐ̯dɔʁf] ⓘ) is a town in the district of Neuwied, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is situated in the Westerwald, approx. 20 km northeast of Neuwied, and 20 km north of Koblenz.

From the end of the 17th century until 1824, it was the seat of the counts and princes of Wied-Runkel, who resided at Dierdorf Castle, which was demolished in 1902.

Dierdorf is the seat of the Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") Dierdorf.
Colesberg (House of Assembly of South Africa constituency)
Colesberg was a constituency in the Cape Province of South Africa, which existed from 1910 to 1938 and again from 1966 to 1974. It covered a rural area near the Orange River, centred on the town of Colesberg. Throughout its existence it elected one member to the House of Assembly and one to the Cape Provincial Council.

1966 South African general election
General elections were held in South Africa on 30 March 1966. The result was another landslide victory for the National Party (NP) under H. F. Verwoerd. The election marked a major strengthening of power for the ruling NP, which gained a supermajority in parliament for the first time. The main opposition United Party (UP) slightly increased its share of the popular vote, but nevertheless saw its parliamentary representation considerably reduced.

The number of House of Assembly seats for White voters in South Africa had been increased from 150 to 160 by the Constitution Amendment Act of 1965. In addition, there were six seats for White voters from South-West Africa (now Namibia). There were also four seats reserved for Coloured representatives, who did not have to stand for re-election during 1966. On 6 September, several months after the elections, Prime Minister Verwoerd was assassinated.
Celta (train)
The Celta is a train connection from the Portuguese railway operator Comboios de Portugal and the Spanish railway operator Renfe Operadora between Campanhã railway station in Porto (Portugal) and Vigo-Guixar railway station in Vigo (Spain). It is one of only two international rail services between Portugal and Spain, along with the regional train between Badajoz and Entroncamento.

The service runs twice every day in each direction, taking 2 hours and 20 minutes to connect both cities.

Vigo-Guixar railway station
Vigo-Guixar railway station is a railway station in Vigo (province of Pontevedra), Spain. Originally the site of a freight depot for the port of Vigo, on the wharf of the same name, it serves as the temporary terminal for all trains into Vigo during the construction of the new Vialia Vigo station - replacing Vigo-Urzaiz.

The terminal serves passengers travelling on Renfe's middle-distance service (Media Distancia) running across the autonomous community of Galicia.
Tarush Huachanan
Tarush Huachanan (possibly from Ancash Quechua taruka, tarush deer, Quechua wacha birth, to give birth, -na a suffix, "where the deer is born", -n a suffix) is a mountain in the Cordillera Blanca in the Andes of Peru, 5,205 m (17,077 ft) high. It is situated in the Ancash Region, Asunción Province, Chacas District, and in the Huari Province, Huari District. Tarush Huachanan lies in the Huascarán National Park, northeast of Perlilla.

Ancash Quechua
Ancash Quechua (Huaylas Ancash Quechua: qichwa [ˈqɛtʃ.wa], or less often nuna shimi), also Huaylay or Waylay in linguistic terminology, is a Quechua variety spoken in the Peruvian department of Ancash by approximately 1,000,000 people. Like Wanka Quechua, it belongs to Quechua I (according to Alfredo Torero).
Calgary Dinos women's ice hockey
The Calgary Dinos women's ice hockey team represents the University of Calgary in U Sports women's ice hockey. The Dinos compete in the Canada West Universities Athletic Association Conference in the U Sports athletic association. The program has won one conference championship in 2012 and have made five national championship appearances with a gold medal win in 2012.

U Sports
U Sports (stylized as U SPORTS) is the national sport governing body for universities in Canada, comprising the majority of degree-granting universities in the country and four regional conferences: Ontario University Athletics (OUA), Réseau du sport étudiant du Québec (RSEQ), Canada West (CW), and Atlantic University Sport (AUS). The equivalent body for organized sports at colleges in Canada is the Canadian Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA). Some institutions are members of both bodies for different sports.
Silkroad (arts organization)
Silkroad, formerly the Silk Road Project, Inc., is a not-for-profit organization, initiated by the cellist Yo-Yo Ma in 1998, promoting collaboration among artists and institutions, promoting multicultural artistic exchange, and studying the ebb and flow of ideas. The project was first inspired by the cultural traditions of the historical Eurasian Silk Road trade routes and now encompasses a number of artistic, cultural and educational programs focused on connecting people and ideas from around the world. It has been described as an "arts and educational organization that connects musicians, composers, artists and audiences around the world" and "an initiative to promote multicultural artistic collaboration."

In July 2020, Rhiannon Giddens took over from Yo-Yo Ma as artistic director.

Zhao Jiping
Zhao Jiping (simplified Chinese: 赵季平; traditional Chinese: 趙季平; pinyin: Zhào Jìpíng) (b. Pingliang, Gansu, China, August 1945) is a Chinese composer from Shaanxi. He is best known for his film scores for the Fifth Generation Chinese director Zhang Yimou.  He is the current Honorary Chairman of the Chinese Musicians’ Association.

Zhao studied at the Central Conservatory of Music in Beijing.