hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Spencerian
Spencerian refers to

the adjective of Spencer (surname), in particular
Platt Rogers Spencer (1800–64), US business school activist; in particular
Spencerian script, business handwriting style
Spencerian College, for-profit career college in Louisville and Lexington, Kentucky, USA
Spencerian Business College, various
Herbert Spencer (1820–1903) social thinker; in particular
Social Darwinism, application of the biological concepts of natural selection and survival of the fittest to sociology and politics

Spencerian script
Spencerian script is a handwriting script style based on Copperplate script that was used in the United States from approximately 1850 to 1925, and was considered the American de facto standard writing style for business correspondence prior to the widespread adoption of the typewriter. Spencerian script, a form of cursive handwriting, was also widely integrated into the school system as an instructional method until the "simpler" Palmer Method replaced it. President James A. Garfield called the Spencerian script "the pride of our country and the model of our schools."
2B1Q
Two-binary, one-quaternary (2B1Q) is a line code used in the U interface of the Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) Basic Rate Interface (BRI) and the high-bit-rate digital subscriber line (HDSL). 2B1Q is a four-level pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM-4) scheme without redundancy, mapping two bits (2B) into one quaternary symbol (1Q). Symbol rate is half of data rate.

A competing encoding technique in the ISDN basic rate U interface, mainly used in Europe, is 4B3T.

Pulse-amplitude modulation
Pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM) is a form of signal modulation in which the message information is encoded in the amplitude of a pulse train interrupting the carrier frequency. Demodulation is performed by detecting the amplitude level of the carrier at every single period.
Executions at Fort Krzesławice
Executions at Fort Krzesławice were mass executions of Polish citizens carried out by German occupiers at Fort Krzesławice in Kraków.

In the early years of the German occupation, Fort Krzesławice served as the primary execution site for Polish political prisoners from the Kraków area. Between October 1939 and November 1941, SS officers and Ordnungspolizei conducted at least 12 mass executions there, claiming the lives of 440 individuals. Among the victims were many members of Kraków's intelligentsia, arrested as part of the so-called AB-Aktion.

Wzgórza Krzesławickie
Wzgórza Krzesławickie is one of 18 districts of Kraków, located in the northeast part of the city. The name Wzgórza Krzesławickie comes from a village named Krzesławice (first mentioned in 1228) that is now a part of the district.

According to the Central Statistical Office data, the district's area is 23.82 square kilometres (9.20 square miles) and 20 303 people inhabit Wzgórza Krzesławickie.
Kanwar Sen
Kanwar Sain, also known as Rai Bahadur Kanwar Sain Gupta OBE (1899–1989) was a civil engineer from Haryana state in India. He was the chief engineer in the Bikaner state who came up with idea of Rajasthan Canal. He also successfully implemented the Ganga canal project which expanded into Indira Gandhi Canal.  He was considered a leading irrigation engineer of his time.

He was born in 1899 in Tohana  district Fatehabad  (Haryana). He was educated at D.A.V. College, Lahore. He graduated as a civil engineer with honors from Thomason College of Civil Engineering, Roorkee (now, IIT Roorkee) in 1927. He was awarded the Padma Bhushan in 1956. His memoir, 'Reminiscences of an Engineer' was published in 1978.

He was chairman of Central Water and Power Commission, Ministry of Irrigation and Power, Government of India. Kanwar Sain and Karpov (1967) presented enveloping curves for Indian rivers.

Bikaner
Bikaner (IPA: [biːkaːneːɾ] ⓘ) is a city in the  Indian state of Rajasthan. It is situated approximately 330 kilometres (205 mi) northwest of the state capital, Jaipur, in the Thar Desert region of western Rajasthan. Bikaner serves as the administrative headquarters of Bikaner District and Bikaner division. Formerly the capital of the princely Bikaner State, the city was founded in 1488 CE by Rao Bika, a Rajput chief of the Rathore dynasty. From its small origins it has developed into the fourth largest city in Rajasthan. The Ganga Canal, completed in 1928, and the Indira Gandhi Canal, completed in 1987, facilitated its development.
Robert Astrem
Robert Astrem (or Robert Aström; 24 January 1887 Narva – 8 February 1941 Tallinn) was an Estonian politician. He was a member of Estonian Constituent Assembly, representing the Estonian Social Democratic Workers' Party. On 23 April 1920, he resigned his post and he was replaced by Gustav Küjen.

Estonian Social Democratic Workers' Party
The Estonian Social Democratic Workers' Party (Estonian: Eesti Sotsiaaldemokraatiline Tööliste Partei) was a political party in Estonia between 1917 and 1925. The leaders of the party, founded on platforms of patriotism, Estonian independence, and social justice, made a major contribution to the drafting of the first (1920) Constitution of Estonia.
Great Kojika
Shinya Koshika (小鹿 信也, Koshika Shinya; born April 28, 1942), known by his ring name Great Kojika (グレート小鹿, Gurēto Kojika), is a Japanese professional wrestler. He co-founded the promotion Big Japan Pro Wrestling (BJW). Kojika is the oldest active Japanese wrestler as well as the one with the longest career, having debuted in 1963. He is also the oldest active wrestler in the world.

Yokohama Shopping Street 6-Man Tag Team Championship
Yokohama Shopping Street 6-Man Tag Team Championship is a professional wrestling six-man tag team championship owned by the Big Japan Pro Wrestling (BJW) promotion. The title was created on August 4, 2012. As the name suggests, the title is usually defended in the Yokohama shopping street area. The title was first announced in May 2012 and the first champions were crowned when the team of Kazuki Hashimoto, Takumi Tsukamoto and Yuji Okabayashi defeated Yoshihito Sasaki, Shinya Ishikawa and Masashi Otani in a six-man tag team match.

There have been a total of 52 reigns shared between 38 different teams consisting of 52 distinctive champions. The current champions are Kengo Takai, Kenta Kosugi and Mari Manji who are in their first reign as a team.
Santos Balmori
Santos Balmori Picazo (b. Mexico City, Sept. 26, 1898 – d. Mexico City, March 5, 1992) was a Spanish-Mexican painter whose heavily European style was not appreciated by his contemporaries of the Mexican muralism movement, but he had influence with the succeeding Generación de la Ruptura artists. He trained and began his art career in Europe moving later to Mexico City. He became a professor and researcher at the Escuela Nacional de Artes Plásticas training younger artists such as Rodolfo Nieto, Pedro Coronel, Carlos Olachea and Juan Soriano. As a teacher, he did not stop drawing but he did not paint professionally again until after retirement, having a number of exhibitions later in life.

Faculty of Arts and Design
The Faculty of Arts and Design (Spanish: Facultad de Artes y Diseño ; formerly known as the Escuela Nacional de Artes Plásticas or ENAP), is a college of art in Xochimilco, Mexico City. The school is part the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, and is responsible for teaching painting, sculpture and graphic design, with undergraduate and graduate studies in San Carlos.  In 2007 and 2008, the Council of Designers of Mexico recognised the faculty as the best art school in Mexico.
H. Emerson Blake
H. Emerson Blake (also credited as Emerson Blake, or Chip Blake) is an ecologist, writer, and editor of many books. He was formerly the editor-in-chief at Orion Magazine, executive director of the Orion Society, and editor-in-chief at Milkweed Editions.

Milkweed Editions
Milkweed Editions is an independent nonprofit literary publisher that originated from the Milkweed Chronicle literary and arts journal established in Minneapolis in 1979. The journal ceased and the business transitioned to publishing. It releases eighteen to twenty new books each year in the genres of fiction, nonfiction, and poetry. Milkweed Editions annually awards three prizes for poetry: the Lindquist & Vennum Prize for Poetry, the Jake Adam York Prize (in collaboration with Copper Nickel), and they are a partner publisher for the National Poetry Series. In 2016, Milkweed Editions opened an independent bookstore.
Whoop-Dee-Doo
Whoop-Dee-Doo is a Broadway musical by Weber and Fields that played in 1903–1904 at Weber and Fields' Broadway Music Hall.  The music book by Edgar Smith is based on Henri Lavedan's 1897 play Catherine. The musical is set at Kaiser Wilhelm Bier-haus in the city of Paris.

Lew Fields
Lew Fields (born Moses Schoenfeld, January 1867 – July 20, 1941) was an American actor, comedian, vaudeville star, theatre manager, and producer. Partnering with Joe Weber, they formed the comedy double-act of Weber and Fields. He also produced shows on his own and starred in comedy films.
Pleterje, Kidričevo
Pleterje (pronounced [ˈpleːtɛɾjɛ]) is a village west of Lovrenc na Dravskem Polju in the Municipality of Kidričevo in northeastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Drava Statistical Region.

Drava Statistical Region
The Drava Statistical Region (Slovene: podravska statistična regija) is a statistical region in Slovenia. The largest city in the region is Maribor. The region's name comes from the Drava River and includes land on both banks along its course through Slovenia as well as the Pohorje mountains in the northeast of the region. The Drava is used for the production of hydroelectricity and the fertile land around it is used for agriculture. The share of job vacancies in all available jobs is among the highest in Slovenia and the region has a positive net migration rate but a very high natural decrease, which means an overall decrease in the population.
Third cabinet of Khayreddin Ahdab
The tenth government of the French mandate for Lebanon on 10 July 1937, headed by Khayreddin al-Ahdab for the third time. Although it's not a completely new cabinet, but it's considered like that after the Constitutional Bloc members requested the re-discussion of the confidence. That was due to the cabinet turning from a national unity government to a National Bloc government, after President Émile Eddé appointed George Tabet and Khalil Abou Lamaa, both Nationals, after Michel Zakour, one of two Constitutional ministers, died of a heart attack. The other Constitutional minister, Ahmad al-Husseini, joined the National Bloc later. The government won the confidence with 13 votes against 12. On 30 October 1937, the Constitutionals outnumbered the Nationals, after one national joined the bloc and so requested - for the second time - the re-discussion of the confidence. The president dissolved the parliament, and the fourth cabinet of Khayreddin al-Ahdab was formed.

Khayreddin al-Ahdab
Khayr al-Din al-Ahdab (Arabic: خير الدين الأحدب; 1894–1941) was a Lebanese politician who served as Prime Minister of Lebanon from 1937 to 1938, becoming the first Muslim to hold the office. In about 1925 he started the newspaper The New Testament, and published another called Pan Arab.
Cycling at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Women's points race
The women's points race at the 2008 Summer Olympics took place on August 18 at the Laoshan Velodrome in Beijing, China.

This track cycling event consists of a single race which is a 25 kilometre, 100 lap race. During the race, cyclists can score points in two ways; the cyclist with the most points at the end of the race wins. The first way to score points is to lap the group. Each time a cyclist gained a full lap on the peloton, she scored 20 points. If a cyclist lost a full lap to the peloton, however, she would lose 20 points. The other method of scoring points was to place in the intermediate sprints, held every 10 laps. The first four cyclists in each of those sprints would score, with the first finisher getting 5 points, the second 3, the third 2, and the fourth 1 point.

Peloton
In a road bicycle race, the peloton (from French, originally meaning 'platoon') is the main group or pack of riders. Riders in a group save energy by riding close (drafting, or slipstreaming) to (particularly behind) other riders. The reduction in drag is dramatic; riding in the middle of a well-developed group, drag can be reduced by as much as 95%. Exploitation of this potential energy saving leads to complex cooperative and competitive interactions between riders and teams in race tactics. The term is also used to refer to the community of professional cyclists in general.
500 George Street, Brisbane
The  500 George Street  is a proposed residential skyscraper to be located at 500 George Street in Brisbane, Australia. The building comprises 144 serviced apartments and student accommodation from level 8 to 25 as well as 248 one and two bedroom residential apartments from level 26 to 56. A full floor resident's sky pool and terrace will be located on level 58. The development involves the retention of the historic King George Chambers building at the front of the site as a foyer and the main pedestrian access point to the new tower.

Development application was lodged with the Brisbane City Council in June 2015.

Brisbane City Council
Brisbane City Council (BCC, also known as Council) is the local government of the City of Brisbane, the capital city of the Australian state of Queensland. The largest local government in Australia by population, BCC's jurisdiction includes 26 wards and 27 elected councillors covering 1,338 km2 (517 mi2). Brisbane City Council consists of the 26 councillors (elected or appointed to represent wards) and the Lord Mayor of Brisbane (currently Adrian Schrinner) (elected by the city as a whole). By resolution, the council may make local laws (previously known as ordinances). The Lord Mayor is responsible for the key executive functions, such as implementing policies, preparing the budget and directing senior employees. They are supported by the Civic Council (formally the Establishment and Coordination (E&C) Committee), whose members are drawn from the council and each chair one of the standing committees. The council's current CEO is Colin Jensen, supported by EO Ainsley Gold.
Rockne Brubaker
Rockne Lee Brubaker, II (born June 21, 1986) is an American former competitive pair skater. With Keauna McLaughlin, he is the 2010 Four Continents silver medalist, the 2007 World Junior champion, and a two-time (2008–2009) U.S. national champion. With Mary Beth Marley, he is the 2012 Four Continents bronze medalist and 2012 U.S. silver medalist.

2012 Four Continents Figure Skating Championships
The 2012 Four Continents Figure Skating Championships was an international figure skating competition in the 2011–12 season. It was held at the World Arena in Colorado Springs, USA on February 7–12. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing.
Kaktovik numerals
The Kaktovik numerals or Kaktovik Iñupiaq numerals are a base-20 system of numerical digits created by Alaskan Iñupiat. They are visually iconic, with shapes that indicate the number being represented.

The Iñupiaq language has a base-20 numeral system, as do the other Eskimo–Aleut languages of Alaska and Canada (and formerly Greenland). Arabic numerals, which were designed for a base-10 system, are inadequate for Iñupiaq and other Inuit languages. To remedy this problem, students in Kaktovik, Alaska, invented a base-20 numeral notation in 1994, which has spread among the Alaskan Iñupiat and has been considered for use in Canada.

Utqiagvik, Alaska
Utqiaġvik, formerly known and still sometimes referred to as Barrow, is the borough seat and largest city of the North Slope Borough in the U.S. state of Alaska. Located north of the Arctic Circle, it is one of the northernmost cities and towns in the world and the northernmost in the United States, with nearby Point Barrow as the country's northernmost point.

Utqiaġvik's population was 4,927 at the 2020 census, an increase from 4,212 in 2010. It is the 12th-most populated city in Alaska.
Cathy's Clown (You Am I song)
"Cathy's Clown" is the first single from the album Hi Fi Way by Australian rock band, You Am I. It was released in 1995 and was the band's first single to reach the Australian Top 40 singles chart, peaking at number 36. It was listed at number 84 in the Triple J Hottest 100, 1995, an opinion poll of national radio station Triple J's listeners.

Triple J's Hottest 100 of 1995
The 1995 Triple J Hottest 100, counted down in January 1996, was a countdown of the most popular songs of the year, according to listeners of the Australian radio station Triple J. A CD featuring 32 of the songs was released. A countdown of the videos of most of the songs was also shown on the ABC music series Rage.

Listeners were able to cast their votes by phone, or via the internet. Approximately 97,500 votes were received.
Lampshade spider
Lampshade spiders, family Hypochilidae, are among the most primitive of araneomorph spiders. There are two genera and twelve species currently recognized. Like mygalomorphs, most hypochilids have two pairs of book lungs, but like araneomorphs they have intersecting fangs, with the exception of some species which have chelicerae in an angle that is neither orthognathous or labidognathous. These long-legged spiders build typical "lampshade" style webs under overhangs and in caves. In the United States the fauna is primarily associated with the Appalachian, Rocky and California Mountains. Ten of the known species are found in these ranges, all in the genus Hypochilus. The genus Ectatosticta is found in China.

In one analysis, the Hypochilidae are a sister clade to the Neocribellatae, which contains all other spider species in the Araneomorphae (Coddington & Levi, 1991, p. 576). A more recent study groups them with the Haplogynae.

Book lung
A book lung is a type of respiration organ used for atmospheric gas exchange present in some arachnids such as scorpions and tetrapulmonates (spiders and whip scorpions). It is a terrestrial adaptation of the book gills seen in aquatic chelicerates such as horseshoe crabs, where the gills are ventral appendages under the abdomen (opisthosoma) arranged into a series of page-like lamellae in order to maximize surface area for diffusion. In arachnids, each of these organs is housed inside an air-filled cavity (atrium) that opens to the surrounding atmosphere through a small opening (spiracle), which provides a controlled environment for respiration.
Johann Lahr
Johann Lahr (21 January 1913 – 24 February 1942) was a Czechoslovak ski jumper. He competed in the individual event at the 1936 Winter Olympics. On 2 March 1941, he set personal best at 111 m (364 ft) in Planica, and not a world record as it was misconception for many years. Lahr, an ethnic German, served in Wehrmacht, and was killed in action on the Eastern Front during World War II.

1936 Winter Olympics
The 1936 Winter Olympics, officially known as the IV Olympic Winter Games (German: IV. Olympische Winterspiele) and commonly known as Garmisch-Partenkirchen 1936, were a winter multi-sport event held from 6 to 16 February 1936 in the market town of Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany. Later that year, the country also hosted the 1936 Summer Olympics, which were held in Berlin. It was the last year in which the Summer and Winter Games both took place in the same country (the cancelled 1940 Olympics would have been held in Japan, with Tokyo hosting the Summer Games and Sapporo hosting the Winter Games).

The 1936 Winter Games were organized on behalf of the German League of the Reich for Physical Exercise (DRL) by Karl Ritter von Halt, who had been named president of the committee for the organization of the Fourth Winter Olympics in Garmisch-Partenkirchen by Reichssportführer Hans von Tschammer und Osten.
Leon Norgarb
Leon Norgarb (9 April 1926 – 2022) was a South African golfer and tennis player. He has the distinction of appearing in both a golf major and grand slam tennis tournament.

Born in Pretoria, Norgarb was active on the tennis tour in the 1950s and became known for his powerful serve. He competed in the main draw of both the French and Wimbledon Championships. His career included a sole Davis Cup match in 1951, when he partnered Eric Sturgess in a doubles rubber against Italy in Milan. He won the singles title at the 1951 Swiss International Championships.

Norgarb lived for a time with golfer Bobby Locke in London and on Locke's urging entered the qualifying tournament for The Open Championship, successfully making it into the main draw. He also once led the South African Open after the first day, as part of a field which included Gary Player.

South African Open (golf)
The South African Open is one of the oldest national open golf championships in the world, having first been played in 1903, and is one of the principal tournaments on the Southern-Africa-based Sunshine Tour. Since 1997 it has also been co-sanctioned by the European Tour.
Steffen Lauritzen
Steffen Lilholt Lauritzen FRS (born 22 April 1947) is former Head of the Department of Statistics at the University of Oxford and Fellow of Jesus College, Oxford, and currently Emeritus Professor of Statistics at the University of Copenhagen. He is a leading proponent of mathematical statistics and graphical models.

Mathematical statistics
Mathematical statistics is the application of probability theory and other mathematical concepts to statistics, as opposed to techniques for collecting statistical data. Specific mathematical techniques that are commonly used in statistics include mathematical analysis, linear algebra, stochastic analysis, differential equations, and measure theory.
Elsie Ivancich Dunin
Elsie Ivancich Dunin (born July 19, 1935) is a  dance ethnologist (ethnochoreologist), choreographer, professor and author specializing in folk dance from Croatia, Macedonia, and Romani (Gypsies) in Macedonia. Her studies focus on Croatian diaspora communities and associated sword dances in both Old and New World contexts. She is Professor Emerita of dance ethnology from the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) and is currently a dance research advisor with the Institute of Ethnology and Folklore Research in Zagreb, Croatia. Her two daughters are Teresa (T.J.) and Elonka Dunin.

Folk dance
A folk dance is a dance that reflects the life of the people of a certain country or region. Not all ethnic dances are folk dances. For example, ritual dances or dances of ritual origin are not considered to be folk dances. Ritual dances are usually called "religious dances" because of their purpose.

The terms "ethnic" and "traditional" are used when it is required to emphasize the cultural roots of the dance. In this sense, nearly all folk dances are ethnic ones. If some dances, such as polka, cross ethnic boundaries and even cross the boundary between "folk" and "ballroom dance", ethnic differences are often considerable enough to mention.
Nick Cook (writer)
Nicholas Julian Cook is a British aviation journalist turned defence consultant, former CEO of the defence industry consultancy Dynamixx, and author, whose interest in consciousness studies led him to become a director at Robert Bigelow's Institute for Consciousness Studies.

Robert Bigelow
Robert Thomas Bigelow (born May 12, 1944) is an American businessman. He owns Budget Suites of America and is the founder of Bigelow Aerospace.

Bigelow has provided financial support for investigations of UFOs and parapsychological topics, including the continuation of consciousness after death.