hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Francis IV, Duke of Modena
Francis IV Joseph Charles Ambrose Stanislaus (Italian: Francesco IV Giuseppe Carlo Ambrogio Stanislao d'Asburgo-Este; 6 October 1779 – 21 January 1846) was Duke of Modena, Reggio, and Mirandola (from 1815), Duke of Massa and Prince of Carrara (from 1829), Archduke of Austria-Este, Royal Prince of Hungary and Bohemia, Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece.

Carrara
Carrara (/kəˈrɑːrə/ kə-RAR-ə; Italian: [kaˈraːɾa]; Emilian: Carara, Emilian: [kaˈɾaːɾa]) is a town and comune in Tuscany, in northern Italy, of the province of Massa and Carrara, and notable for the white or blue-grey marble quarried there. It is on the Carrione River, some 100 kilometres (62 mi) west-northwest of Florence. Its motto is Latin: "Fortitudo mea in rota" ("My strength is in the wheel"), a reference firstly to the marble shipping industry from Roman times onwards.

During the contemporary era, the city and the surrounding region are closely linked to the history of the anarchist movement, with a significant part of its population being anarchist and many congresses being held there—one of the most notable being the Congress of Carrara (1968), which founded the International of Anarchist Federations (IAF), one of the main anarchist organizations to this day.
Lydia Kallipoliti
Lydia Kallipoliti is a Greek architect, engineer, architectural historian, action researcher, and scholar. Her work examines interdisciplinary studies involving architecture, technology, and environmental politics. Her research has contributed to the way architecture engages with ecological pedagogies, by confronting waste, recycling, and closed-loop systems.

Action research
Action research is a philosophy and methodology of research generally applied in the social sciences. It seeks transformative change through the simultaneous process of taking action and doing research, which are linked together by critical reflection. Kurt Lewin, then a professor at MIT, first coined the term "action research" in 1944. In his 1946 paper "Action Research and Minority Problems" he described action research as "a comparative research on the conditions and effects of various forms of social action and research leading to social action" that uses "a spiral of steps, each of which is composed of a circle of planning, action and fact-finding about the result of the action".
Allen Oliver
Joseph Allen Oliver (8 September 1924 – April 2024) was an English footballer who played as a winger.

Oliver started his career with non-league Crofton Colliery Welfare before joining Derby County in 1947. He scored 2 goals in 17 appearances in total for Derby County before joining Stockport County in 1950, where he went on to score 32 goals in 151 league and cup games. Oliver moved on to Gateshead in 1954, making 153  league and cup appearances and scoring 37 goals in 4 years at the club. Oliver then moved to non-league Ashington in 1958.

Oliver died in April 2024, at the age of 99.

Ashington A.F.C.
Ashington Association Football Club is a football club based in Ashington, Northumberland, England. They are currently members of the Northern Premier League Division One East and play at Woodhorn Lane.

Formed in 1883, the club have played in a number of local and regional leagues, including the Northern Alliance, the East Northumberland League, the North Eastern League, the Midland League, Wearside League and the North Regional League. They were a founding member of the Football League Third Division North in 1921 and are the northernmost team to have played in the Football League. The club were later founder members of the Northern Premier League in 1968 and have been in the Northern League since 1970.
Sergiyevy-Gorki
Sergiyevy-Gorki (Russian: Сергиевы-Горки) is a rural locality (a selo) in Paustovskoye Rural Settlement, Vyaznikovsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 462 as of 2010. There are 7 streets.

Vladimir Oblast
Vladimir Oblast (Russian: Влади́мирская о́бласть, romanized: Vladimirskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Vladimir, which is located 190 kilometers (120 mi) east of Moscow. As of the 2010 Census, the oblast's population was 1,443,693.

The UNESCO World Heritage List includes the 12th-century cathedrals of Vladimir, Suzdal, Bogolyubovo, and Kideksha.
Brooklin Merchants
The Brooklin Merchants is a box lacrosse team from Brooklin, Ontario. The Merchants play in the Ontario Series Lacrosse (OSL) league (formerly known as Senior "B"). The OSL is the counterpart of the Quebec Senior Lacrosse League, Rocky Mountain Lacrosse League,West Coast Senior Lacrosse Association & Three Nations Senior Lacrosse League

Rocky Mountain Lacrosse League
The Rocky Mountain Lacrosse League (RMLL) is a box lacrosse league based in Alberta with three teams in Saskatchewan and, as of 2018, one in Manitoba. It is sanctioned by the Alberta Lacrosse Association. RMLL organizes all senior and junior play in the province. The league is broken into several divisions: Senior B, Senior C, Junior A, Junior B, Tier II and Tier III. Junior Ladies and Senior Ladies divisions were added in 2004 and 2011, respectively.

The RMLL is experiencing rapid growth as the popularity of box lacrosse increases, spurred on by the expansion of the National Lacrosse League to Calgary in 2001 and Edmonton in 2005. In 2002, 18 teams played in the RMLL at all levels. That number grew to 37 in 2005, then 59 in 2006. An all-time high 64 teams competed in 2016. As of 2026 there is 63 teams competing across nine divisons
Buddy Gray
Stanley "Buddy" Gray (1950 – 15 November 1996) was a political activist and social worker who lived in the Over-the-Rhine neighborhood of Cincinnati, Ohio who was part of a movement for low-income housing. He described himself as "a hard-nosed radical, a street fighter for street people." His allies saw him as a "humanitarian friend of the homeless," but his enemies saw "a poverty pimp" who wanted to turn Over-the-Rhine into a "super ghetto." Gray's legacy continues through the Drop Inn Center homeless shelter and ReSTOC, a low-income housing organization that later merged with another non-profit to form Over-the-Rhine Community Housing.

Subsidized housing
Subsidized housing is a subsidy aimed towards alleviating housing costs and expenses for impoverished people with low to moderate incomes. In the United States, subsidized housing is often called "affordable housing". Forms of subsidies include direct housing subsidies, non-profit housing, public housing, rent supplements/vouchers, and some forms of co-operative and private sector housing. Increasing access to housing usually contributes to lower poverty rates.
Sayn Castle
The ruins of Sayn Castle (German: Burg Sayn), the 12th century family castle of the counts of Sayn and Sayn-Wittgenstein, are in Sayn, part of the borough of Bendorf on the Rhine, between Koblenz and Neuwied in the county of Mayen-Koblenz in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate.

Bendorf
Bendorf (German pronunciation: [ˈbɛndɔʁf] ⓘ) is a town in the district of Mayen-Koblenz, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, on the right bank of the Rhine, approx. 7 kilometres (4 miles) north of Koblenz.
Solre
Solre is a river in France that runs in the Département Nord in the region Hauts-de-France. It originates from the confluence of two source streams at Solre-le-Château, in the  Avesnois Regional Nature Park. The river generally drains to the northwest and empties at 22.4 kilometers east of Maubeuge, in the municipality of Rousies, as a right tributary to the channeled Sambre.

Nord (French department)
Nord (French pronunciation: [nɔʁ] ⓘ; officially French: département du Nord; Picard: départémint dech Nord; Dutch: Noorderdepartement, lit. 'northern department') is a department in Hauts-de-France region, France, bordering Belgium. It was created from the western halves of the historical counties of Flanders and Hainaut, and the Bishopric of Cambrai. The modern coat of arms was inherited from the County of Flanders.

Nord is the country's most populous département. It had a population of 2,608,346 in 2019. It also contains the metropolitan region of Lille (the main city and the prefecture of the département), the fourth-largest urban area in France after Paris, Lyon and Marseille. The department is the part of France where the French Flemish dialect of Dutch has historically been spoken as a native language. Similarly, the distinct French Picard dialect Ch'ti is spoken there.
West Ravendale Priory
West Ravendale Priory was a Premonstratensian priory in North East Lincolnshire, England and one of nine within the historical county. The site of the priory lies 7 miles (11 km) south-west of Grimsby, and 1 mile (1.6 km) west of the A18. Its previous position is defined by earthworks and rubble. The ruins are Grade II listed, and lie within the civil parish of East Ravendale.

The priory was founded in 1202 by Alan, son of Count Henry of Brittany, as a cell of the Premonstratensian abbey of Beauport in Brittany. Owing to wars with France it was taken into the possession of the English Crown, and was part of the dowry of Joan of Navarre, wife of Henry IV. After her death in 1437 the priory was assigned to the collegiate church of Southwell. The remains of the chapel of the priory survived into the early 20th century.

Joan of Navarre, Queen of England
Joan of Navarre, also known as Joanna (c. 1368 – 10 June 1437) was Duchess of Brittany by marriage to Duke John IV and later Queen of England as the wife of King Henry IV. Joan was a daughter of Charles II of Navarre and Joan of France. She served as regent of Brittany from 1399 until 1403 during the minority of her eldest son, Duke John V. She also served as regent of England during the absence of her stepson King Henry V in 1415. Four years later Henry V imprisoned her and confiscated her money and land. Joan was released in 1422, shortly before Henry's death.
Furkan
Furkan is a Turkish masculine given name, which means "criterion, proof, evidence, affirmation, testament".

People with the name include:

Furkan Akar (born 2002), Turkish short track speed skater

Furkan Aldemir (born 1991), Turkish basketball player with Galatasara

Furkan Andıç (born 1990), Turkish actor and model

Furkan Asena Aydın (born 1992), Turkish female taekwondo practitioner (middleweight division)

Furkan Aydın (born 1991), Turkish footballer

Furkan Doğan (1991–2010), Turkish-American student killed in the Gaza flotilla raid

Furkan Dursun (born 2005), Austrian footballer

Furkan Korkmaz (born 1997), Turkish basketball player for the NBA's Philadelphia 76ers

Furkan Oruç (born 1996), Turkish archer

Furkan Özçal (born 1990), in a Turkish footballer

Furkan Ulaş Memiş (born 1991), Turkish amateur boxer who competed at the 2008 Olympics at flyweight

Furkan Yalçınkaya (born 1986), Turkish volleyball player

Furkan Yalçınkaya
Furkan Yalçınkaya (born August 12, 1986) is a Turkish volleyball player. He is 199 cm. He plays for Fenerbahçe S.K. since 2007 season start and has jersey number 17. He played 16 times for the Turkish national team. He also played for Arçelik and Manavgat Belediyespor.
2020 Australia Day Honours
The 2020 Australia Day Honours are appointments to various orders and honours to recognise and reward good works by Australian citizens. The list was announced on 26 January 2020 by the Governor General of Australia, David Hurley.

The Australia Day Honours are the first of the two major annual honours lists, the first announced to coincide with Australia Day (26 January), with the other being the Queen's Birthday Honours, which are announced on the second Monday in June.

Conspicuous Service Cross (Australia)
The Conspicuous Service Cross (CSC) is a decoration (medal) of the Australian honours system. It is awarded to members of the Australian Defence Force "for outstanding devotion to duty or outstanding achievement in the application of exceptional skills, judgment or dedication, in non-warlike situations". In November 2019, 1129 people were listed as recipients. All ranks are eligible for the award.
Eric Smedley
Eric Alan Smedley (born July 23, 1973) is an American former professional football player who was a safety in the National Football League (NFL). He was selected in the seventh round (249th overall) of the 1996 NFL draft after playing college football for the Indiana Hoosiers. He played four seasons in the NFL, three for the Buffalo Bills and one for the Indianapolis Colts.

Indiana Hoosiers football
The Indiana Hoosiers football program represents Indiana University Bloomington in NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision college football (FBS) and in the Big Ten Conference. The Hoosiers have played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Bloomington, Indiana since 1960.

The Hoosiers have won the Big Ten Championship three times, doing it first in 1945, again in 1967, and most recently in 2025. Indiana has appeared in 17 bowl games, including the 1968 and 2026 Rose Bowl games. In 2024 they made the College Football Playoff. In 2025, the Hoosiers achieved their second-ever undefeated regular season and won their first national championship in program history. Six Indiana players have been inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame, including Zora Clevenger, Bill Ingram, Pete Pihos, George Taliaferro, John Tavener, and Anthony Thompson, who was also National Player of the Year in 1989. The Hoosiers are currently led by head coach Curt Cignetti.
Flag of Toronto
The city flag of Toronto, also known as the Toronto flag, was adopted by Toronto City Council and was designed by Renato De Santis and includes a white outline of Toronto City Hall on a blue field, and a red maple leaf at the base of the towers.

The first flag of Toronto was adopted by the former City of Toronto in 1967 and included the city's coat of arms on a blue and white field. However, that flag was replaced by De Santis' design in 1974, a design that remained in use until 1998, when the former city was amalgamated into the new City of Toronto. A 1:2 proportioned version of De Santis' flag was adopted by the new City of Toronto in 1999.

Amalgamation of Toronto
The amalgamation of Toronto was the creation of the city limits of Toronto, Ontario, Canada after amalgamating, annexing, and merging with surrounding municipalities since the 18th century. The most recent occurrence of amalgamation was in 1998, which dissolved the federation of Metropolitan Toronto and its constituent municipalities, and created the current "megacity" of Toronto.
Offbeat: A Red Hot Soundtrip
Offbeat: A Red Hot Soundtrip is a compilation album from the Red Hot AIDS Benefit Series produced by Paul Heck. It combines elements of ambient, spoken word, and trip hop to expand the ideas of "the Beats". The album is an offshoot of a larger project called The Beat Experience, which explored the legacy of the Beat movement.

Spoken word
Spoken word is an oral poetic performance art that is based mainly on the poem's as well as the performer's aesthetic qualities. It is a 20th-century continuation of an ancient oral artistic tradition that focuses on the aesthetics of recitation and word play, such as the performer's live intonation and voice inflection. Spoken word is a catch-all term that includes any kind of poetry recited aloud, including poetry readings, poetry slams, jazz poetry, pianologues, musical readings, and hip hop music, and can include comedy routines and prose monologues. Unlike written poetry, the quality of spoken word is shaped less by the visual aesthetics on a page, and more from phonaesthetics or the aesthetics of sound.
Andaman Club
Andaman Club was a five-star island casino and golf resort in Burma. It is located on 730 ha (1,800 acres) of Thahtay Kyun Island within the Mergui Archipelago in the Andaman Sea. Directly adjacent to Ranong, in the south of Thailand and to King Bayint Nbung (formerly Victoria Point) is a region famous for its gems, pearls, flora and fauna. The pier is 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) from the Ranong city centre and it takes 20 minutes to cross the Andaman Sea to the island resort. It is owned and operated by the VES Group of Thailand, under a long-term concession from the Burmese government. In 2016, Andaman Club is operated by Grand Andaman Travel.

In February 2024, the resort stopped its operations due to an arrest warrant issued for its owner, Kyaw Lwin.

Andaman Sea
The Andaman Sea (historically also known as the Burma Sea) is a marginal sea of the northeastern Indian Ocean bounded by the coastlines of Myanmar and Thailand along the Gulf of Martaban and the west side of the Malay Peninsula, and separated from the Bay of Bengal to its west by the Andaman Islands and the Nicobar Islands.  Its southern end is at Breueh Island just north of Sumatra, with the Strait of Malacca further southeast.

Traditionally, the sea has been used for fishery and transportation of goods between the coastal countries and its coral reefs and islands, which are popular tourist destinations.  The fishery and tourist infrastructure was severely damaged by the December 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami.
Investor profile
An investor profile or style defines an individual's preferences in investment decisions, for example:

Short-term trading (active management) or long term holding (buy and hold)

Risk-averse or risk tolerant / seeker

All classes of assets or just one (stocks for example)

Value stock, growth stocks, quality stocks, defensive or cyclical stocks...

Big cap or small cap (Market capitalization) stocks,

Use or not of derivatives

Home turf or international diversification

Hands on, or via investment funds

Active management
Active management (also called active investing) is an approach to investing. In an actively managed portfolio of investments, the investor selects the investments that make up the portfolio. Active management is often compared to passive management or index investing.

Passively managed funds consistently outperform actively managed funds.
Bankers Hill, San Diego
Bankers Hill (also known as Park West and formerly known as Florence Heights) is a long-established uptown neighborhood near Balboa Park in San Diego, California. The area acquired the name "Bankers Hill" because of its reputation as a home for the affluent. Many homes date from the late 19th century, some of which have been restored as offices or bed-and-breakfasts. Early twentieth-century architects Irving J. Gill, William S. Hebbard, Richard S. Requa, Hazel W. Waterman, and Frank Mead designed homes in the area.

Irving Gill
Irving John Gill (April 26, 1870 – October 7, 1936), was an American architect, known professionally as Irving J. Gill. He did most of his work in Southern California, especially in San Diego and Los Angeles. He is considered a pioneer of the modern movement in architecture. Twelve of his buildings throughout Southern California are listed on the National Register of Historic Places, and many others are designated as historic by local governments.
Termite-inspired robots
Termite-inspired robots or TERMES robots are biomimetic autonomous robots capable of building complex structures without a central controller. A prototype team of termite-inspired robots was demonstrated by Harvard University researchers in 2014, following four years of development. Their engineering was inspired by the complex mounds that termites build, and was accomplished by developing simple rules to allow the robots to navigate and move building blocks in their environment. By following these simple rules, the robots could construct complex structures through a process called stigmergy, without requiring constant human instruction or supervision.

Autonomous robot
An autonomous robot is a robot that acts without recourse to human control. Historic examples include space probes. Modern examples include self-driving vacuums and cars.

Industrial robot arms that work on assembly lines inside factories may also be considered autonomous robots, though their autonomy is restricted due to a highly structured environment and their inability to locomote.
Sioux language
Sioux is a Siouan language spoken by over 30,000 Sioux in the United States and Canada, making it the fifth most spoken Indigenous language in the United States or Canada, behind Navajo, Cree, Inuit languages, and Ojibwe.

Since 2019, "the language of the Great Sioux Nation, comprised of three dialects, Dakota, Lakota, and Nakota" is the official Indigenous language of South Dakota.

Cree language
Cree (/kriː/ KREE; also known as Cree–Montagnais–Naskapi) is a dialect continuum of Algonquian languages spoken by approximately 86,475 people across Canada in 2021, from the Northwest Territories to Alberta to Labrador. If considered one language, it is the aboriginal language with the highest number of speakers in Canada. The only region where Cree has any official status is in the Northwest Territories, alongside eight other aboriginal languages. There, Cree is spoken mainly in Fort Smith and Hay River.
Protopopov
Protopopov is the surname of several Russian individuals.

Alexander Protopopov (1866–1918), Russian Minister of Interior 1916–17

Mikhail Protopopov (1848–1915), Russian journalist and literary critic

Oleg Protopopov (1932–2023), Russian figure skater
The skating duo of Oleg and his wife Ludmila Belousova (1935–2017) are known as The Protopopovs

Sergei Protopopov (1893–1954), Russian composer and music theorist

Vasiliy Yakovlevich Protopopov (1846–1914), mayor of Odessa

Victor Protopopov (1880–1957), Russian psychiatrist

Yakiv Protopopov, member of the Combined Bandurist Capella

Viktor Protopopov
Viktor Pavlovych Protopopov (Ukrainian: Віктор Павлович Протопопов; 22 October 1880, Yurky, Kobelyaksky Uyezd – 30 November 1957, Kyiv) was a Soviet and Ukrainian psychiatrist and academician of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR. Being a pupil of Vladimir Bekhterev, Protopopov founded his own pathophysiological school of thought in the Soviet psychiatry. Protopopov authored more than 110 articles.

He is also known for the "Protopopov's syndrome", or "Protopopov's triad", which consists of the tachycardia, dilatated pupils and obstipation in bipolar disorder (then known as manic-depressive psychosis).
Judith Tick
Judith Fay Tick (born January 4, 1943) is an American musicologist. Her scholarship focuses on women in music and American music, often in combination. Described as "an innovator in the field of musical biography", her publications include biographies on both Ruth Crawford Seeger and Ella Fitzgerald, as well as studies on Aaron Copland and Charles Ives.

Women in music
Women in music have occupied many roles in the art over the centuries and have been responsible for a multitude of contributions, shaping movements, genres, and trends as singers, songwriters, composers, instrumental performers, and educators, and in behind-the-scenes roles. At the same time, however, many roles in music have been closed to or not encouraged for women. There has been growing awareness of this since perhaps the 1960s, and doors have been opening.

Women's music refers to music created by and directed towards women. It may explore political and social topics, influencing and impacting creativity, activism, and culture.