hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alrestatin
Alrestatin is an inhibitor of aldose reductase, an enzyme involved in the pathogenesis of complications of diabetes mellitus, including diabetic neuropathy.

Alrestat was first synthesized in 1969 and was the first aldose reductase inhibitor (ARI) with oral bioavailability to undergo clinical trials, in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Low-quality trials and a high incidence of adverse effects (particularly hepatotoxicity) led to termination of its development, and it was never in clinical use. It is structurally related to tolrestat, another ARI that was briefly marketed before being withdrawn in 1997.

Pathogenesis
In pathology, pathogenesis is the process by which a disease or disorder develops. It can include factors which contribute not only to the onset of the disease or disorder, but also to its progression and maintenance. The word comes from Ancient Greek  πάθος (pathos) 'suffering, disease' and  γένεσις (genesis) 'creation'.
Sona Hajiyeva
Sona Hajiyeva (Azerbaijani: Sona Hacıyeva; 25 June 1907, Nukha, Caucasian governorship - 24 December 1979, Baku) was an Azerbaijani Soviet theater and film actress, one of the first actresses of the Azerbaijani theater, she was awarded the honorary title of People's Artiste of the Azerbaijan SSR (1949).

People's Artiste of the Azerbaijan SSR
The People's Artiste of the Azerbaijan SSR (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan SSR xalq artisti, lit. 'People's Artiste of the Azerbaijan SSR') was an honorary title awarded from 1931 to 1991 (and active from 1928 to 1991), it was granted to artistes of the Azerbaijan SSR for their contributions to the development of Azerbaijani culture in the fields of theater, cinema, music. This award was succeeded by the People's Artiste of Azerbaijan.
Ron Lewis (wide receiver)
Ronald Alexander Lewis (born March 25, 1968) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver for four seasons for the San Francisco 49ers and Green Bay Packers in the National Football League (NFL). He graduated from William M. Raines High School in 1986 in Jacksonville, Florida. He was selected by the 49ers in the third round of the 1990 NFL draft with the 68th overall pick.

1990 NFL draft
The 1990 NFL draft was the procedure by which National Football League teams selected amateur college football players. It is officially known as the NFL Annual Player Selection Meeting. The draft was held April 22–23, 1990, at the Marriott Marquis in New York City, New York. The league also held a supplemental draft after the regular draft and before the regular season.

The Dallas Cowboys would have had the first overall pick in the draft for the second consecutive year by virtue of their league-worst 1–15 record in 1989. However, the Cowboys forfeited their first-round pick by selecting quarterback Steve Walsh in the first round of the previous year's supplemental draft. The first pick instead went to the Atlanta Falcons, who traded it to the Indianapolis Colts. The Colts then used the first overall pick to select quarterback Jeff George.
Markleton, Pennsylvania
Markleton is an unincorporated community that is located in Somerset County, Pennsylvania, United States. The community is situated near the Casselman River, 7.7 miles (12.4 km) east-northeast of Confluence.

Confluence, Pennsylvania
Confluence is a borough in Somerset County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is part of the Johnstown, Pennsylvania, Metropolitan Statistical Area. It was settled in 1870 and incorporated in 1873. The population was 724 at the 2020 census.
August Gustavson
August Gustavson (19 December 1894 Kalvi Parish (now Viru-Nigula Parish), Kreis Wierland – 26 December 1941 Ussolye prison camp, Perm Oblast) was an Estonian politician. He was a member of V Riigikogu, representing the Estonian Socialist Workers' Party. He was a member of the Riigikogu since 25 May 1934. He replaced Josep Rukki. On 21 June 1934, he resigned his position and he was replaced by Johannes Kraan.

Wierland County
Wierland County (German: Kreis Wierland or Wierlandischer Kreis, Estonian: Viru kreis, Russian: Vezenbergsky uyezd, Russian: Везенбергскій/Вирляндскій уѣздъ, romanized: Vesenbergskiy/Virlyandskiy uyezd) was one of the four counties of the Russian Empire located in the Governorate of Estonia. It was situated in the eastern part of the governorate (in present-day northeastern Estonia). Its capital was Rakvere (Wesenberg). The territory of Wierland County corresponds to most parts of present-day Ida-Viru and Lääne-Viru counties and a small part of Jõgeva County.
Sefyu
Youssef Soukouna (born 20 April 1981 in Goutte d'Or, Paris), better known by his stage name Sefyu (French pronunciation: [sɛfju], his first name in verlan), is a French rapper of Senegalese descent. He comes from Aulnay-sous-Bois, a city in the French department of Seine-Saint-Denis of which is located within the northern suburbs of Paris. Sefyu originally aspired to become a professional soccer player, but his dream was derailed after he sustained an injury whilst playing for English club Arsenal. He emerged upon the hip-hop scene in the early 2000s to commercial and critical acclaim.

Seine-Saint-Denis
Seine-Saint-Denis (French pronunciation: [sɛn sɛ̃ d(ə)ni] ⓘ) is a department of France located in the Grand Paris metropolis in the Île-de-France region. In French, it is often referred to colloquially as quatre-vingt treize or neuf trois ("ninety-three" or "nine three"), after its official administrative number, 93. Its prefecture is Bobigny.

In 2019, it had a population of 1,644,903 across 39 communes. In French, the learned but rarely used demonym for the inhabitants of Seine-Saint-Denis is Séquano-Dionysiens; more common is Dionysiens.
Stargazer (EP)
Stargazer (stylized in all caps) is an extended play (EP) marketed as the second single of Japanese boy band JO1, formed through the reality competition show Produce 101 Japan. It also served as the second single for their first studio album The Star (2020). The EP single includes six songs primarily from the house, hip-hop, EDM, and trap genres and was released by Lapone Entertainment in three different physical editions and one digital edition on August 26, 2020, with "Oh-Eh-Oh" serving as the lead track.

The single features first contribution by members Sho Yonashiro and Ren Kawashiri on lyrics and choreography, respectively, as well as production by Hui from South Korean boy group Pentagon among others. It ranked first on the Oricon Singles Chart and was certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of Japan, while "Oh-Eh-Oh" peaked at number one on the Billboard Japan Hot 100.

Billboard Japan Hot 100
The Billboard Japan Hot 100 is a record chart in Japan for songs. It has been compiled by Billboard Japan and Hanshin Contents Link since February 2008. The chart is updated every Wednesday at Billboard-japan.com (JST) and every Thursday at Billboard.com (UTC).

The first number-one song on the chart was "Stay Gold" by Hikaru Utada on the issue dated January 16, 2008. The first number-one song on the chart by a non-Japanese artist was "Bleeding Love" by Leona Lewis in the issue dated April 30, 2008. The current number-one on the chart as of the issue dated February 25, 2026, is "Bakuretsu Aishiteru" by M!lk.
Thibeault
Thibeault is a surname of French origin, a form of Theobald. People with the surname include:

Fabienne Thibeault (born 1952), Canadian singer

Glenn Thibeault (born 1969), Canadian politician

Larry Thibeault (1915–1977), Canadian ice hockey player

Tammara Thibeault (born 1996), Canadian boxer

Yolande Thibeault (born 1939), Canadian journalist and politician

Tammara Thibeault
Tammara Thibeault (born December 27, 1996) is a Canadian professional boxer competing in the Middleweight category. Thibeault won the 2022 World Championship in Istanbul after earlier winning the middleweight bronze in 2019. She is the reigning Commonwealth Games champion when she won gold in Birmingham in 2022, improving on her bronze medal at the 2018 Commonwealth Games. Thibeault is also the current Pan American Games champion when she won gold at the 2023 Pan Am Games, again improving on her bronze from the 2019 Pan American Games.
Verkh-Inva
Verkh-Inva (Russian: Верх-Иньва) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Verkh-Invenskoye Rural Settlement, Kudymkarsky District, Perm Krai, Russia. The population was 1,137 as of 2010. There are 28 streets.

Kudymkarsky District
Kudymkarsky District (Komi-Permyak: Кудымкар район, Russian: Куды́мкарский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion) of Komi-Permyak Okrug in Perm Krai, Russia; one of the thirty-three in the krai. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Kudymkarsky  Municipal District. It is located in the west of the krai. The area of the district is 4,741 square kilometers (1,831 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Kudymkar (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:  25,808 (2010 Census); 29,528 (2002 Census); 35,392 (1989 Soviet census).
Mick Caba
James "Mick" Caba (born  February 16, 1950) is an American former college football coach. He was the head football coach for Litchfield High School in 1973, Grayson County High School from 1974 to 1976, Mason High School in 1977, Whitmore Lake High School in 1978, Hartford High School in 1980, Inver Hills Community College from 1981 to 1984, Iowa Wesleyan University from 1985 to 1988, Oklahoma Panhandle State University from 1989 to 1990, the University of Minnesota Morris from 1991 to 1992, Magoffin County High School from 1993 to 1996, William Penn University from 1997 to 1998, and Alfred State College from 2000 to 2014. He helped guide Alfred State from junior college status from 2000 to 2011 up to NCAA Division III competition from 2012 to 2014. He was inducted into the NJCAA Football Hall of Fame in 2012. He also coached for Kalamazoo. He played college football for Bowling Green and Georgetown (KY).

Hartford Public Schools (Michigan)
Hartford Public Schools is the school district of Hartford, Michigan. The current superintendent is Nicholas Blackmer. Hartford Public Schools offers school choice, allowing families to request the school setting they like best. Hartford Public Schools also offers the Open Choice program which allows students to attend schools in nearby districts.
Ising
Ising is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ernst Ising (1900–1998), German physicist

Gustav Ising (1883–1960, né Nilsson), Swedish accelerator physicist

Jane Ising (1902–2012), German-American economist

Rudolf Ising (1903–1992), American animator

Ernst Ising
Ernst Ising (German: [ˈiːzɪŋ]; May 10, 1900 – May 11, 1998) was a German physicist, who is best remembered for the development of the Ising model. He was a professor of physics at Bradley University until his retirement in 1976.
Hara filamentosa
Hara filamentosa or Erethistes filamentosus is a species of South Asian river catfish found in Myanmar and Thailand. It can be found in the Ataran, Sittang, and Salween River drainages. It occurs in fast-flowing rivers with stony or sandy bottom. This species grows to a length of 5.0 centimetres (2.0 in) SL.

Sittaung River
The Sittaung River (Burmese: စစ်တောင်းမြစ် [sɪʔ táʊɰ̃ mjɪʔ]; formerly, the Sittang or Sittoung) is a river in south central Myanmar in Bago Division. The Pegu Range separates its basin from that of the Irrawaddy. The river originates at the edge of the Shan Hills southeast of Mandalay, and flows southward to the Gulf of Martaban. Its length is 420 kilometres (260 mi) and its mean annual discharge is around 50 cubic kilometres (12 cu mi) per year.
Finnish Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
The Finnish Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (FAIDD) promotes good life, equality and participation for people with intellectual disabilities and others who need support with learning, understanding and communicating. The goal of FAIDD is that all people can live together from an equal footing.

The FAIDD headquarters are located in the Leppävaara district in Espoo, Finland.

FAIDD was founded in 1952. Its most significant financier is Veikkaus.

Leppävaara
Leppävaara (Swedish: Alberga) is a district of Espoo, a city in Finland. The Rantarata rail line and the Ring Road I, the busiest road in Finland, cross in Leppävaara, thus making it a major traffic hub in the Greater Helsinki region. The Sello Shopping Centre is also located in Leppävaara.
Denis Pritt
Denis Nowell Pritt, QC (22 September 1887 – 23 May 1972) was a British barrister and left-wing Labour Party politician. Born in Harlesden, Middlesex, he was educated at Winchester College and the University of London.

A member of the Labour Party from 1918, he was a defender of the Soviet Union. In 1932, as part of G. D. H. Cole's New Fabian Research Bureau's expert commission of enquiry, he visited the Soviet Union, and, according to Margaret Cole, "the eminent KC swallowed it all". Pritt was expelled from the Labour Party in March 1940 following his support of the Soviet invasion of Finland.

Pritt was characterised by George Orwell as "perhaps the most effective pro-Soviet publicist in this country".

Harlesden
Harlesden /ˈhɑːrlzdən/ is a district in the London Borough of Brent, north-west London.

Located north of the Grand Union Canal and Wormwood Scrubs, the Harrow Road flows through the centre of the area which goes eastwards to Central London and west towards Wembley. Harlesden was historically in the Municipal Borough of Willesden before the creation of Brent; it lies within Willesden's postal district of NW10. Harlesden has been praised for its vibrant Caribbean and Somali culture and unofficially named London's reggae capital for its contributions to the musical genre. The town centre contains a large number of multicultural independent businesses, while industry exists by the canal, most notably a McVitie's biscuit factory that has been operating since 1902. The population includes people of Afro-Caribbean and Somali heritage notably, as well as Brazilian, Lebanese and smaller Latin American and East African groups within the community.
2007 Skate America
The 2007 Skate America was the first event of six in the 2007–08 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating, a senior-level international invitational competition series. It was held at the Sovereign Center in Reading, Pennsylvania on October 25–28. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing. Skaters earned points toward qualifying for the 2007–08 Grand Prix Final. The compulsory dance was the Austrian Waltz.

David Santee
David Neil Santee (born July 22, 1957 in Oak Park, Illinois) is an American former competitive figure skater. He finished fourth in the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, and is the 1981 World silver medalist and an eight-time U.S. national medalist. He competed at the Winter Olympics twice.

His younger brother James Santee was also an elite-level skater.

David was inducted to both the U.S. Figure Skating and ISI Hall of Fame in 2015. He achieved the PSA Master Coach's rating in 2017.

Santee is an ISU Technical Specialist. He also works as a coach. He coached Agnes Zawadzki for seven years as a child and again since June 2011. He is currently the Director of Skating at the Oakton Ice Arena in his hometown of Park Ridge, Illinois. He has served on the ISI Board of Directors as the Instructors Rep for many years and is ISI's representative to the US Figure Skating Board of Directors.

He has two sons.
Georgia Northwestern Technical College
Georgia Northwestern Technical College (GNTC) is a public technical college serving nine counties across northwestern Georgia. It operates under the Technical College System of Georgia. The college has six campuses: Catoosa County campus, Walker County Campus, Floyd County Campus, Gordon County Campus, Polk County Campus, and Whitfield-Murray Campus.

Their mascot is the Bobcat.

These campuses were originally part of Coosa Valley Technical College (CVTC), begun in 1962.  It was named for the Coosa River, which flows through Rome, where its main campus is located.  Northwestern Technical College (NTC, formerly known as Walker Tech) is now the Walker County campus, located in Rock Spring in extreme northwest Georgia.  This occurred after a 2009 merger which also affected several other TCSG schools.

Northwest Georgia
Northwest Georgia is a region of the state of Georgia in the United States. It includes 12 counties (listed in the section below), which at the 2010 census had a combined population of 753,032. Northwest Georgia includes some of the southernmost portions of the Appalachian Mountains, as opposed to Northeast Georgia, which holds the southernmost Blue Ridge, known locally as the North Georgia Mountains.

Bartow, Floyd, Haralson, Paulding, and Polk Counties are located on the outer northern fringe of the Atlanta metropolitan area, while the other counties are part of the Chattanooga, Tennessee metropolitan area. Much of the region is included in Georgia's 14th congressional district and is represented by Marjorie Taylor Greene.
Kauyaichits
Kauyaichits are a Chemehuevi subdivision, a mixed Shoshone and Paiute people in the area of Ash Meadows, Nye co, Nevada, United States. They were also known as Ash Meadows Paiute, but were called Siwindu (Easterners) by the Shoshone and nu (people), the name they applied to themselves.

Ash Meadows is within the Amargosa Desert, and Charles King gave it the name (1872) due to the number of trees around the springs. Pine nuts and mesquite beans were the staple foods of the Indians.

Mesquite
Mesquite is a common name for some plants in the genera Neltuma and Strombocarpa, which contain over 50 species of spiny, deep-rooted leguminous shrubs and small trees. They are native to dry areas in the Americas. Until 2022, these genera were traditionally included in a broad view of the genus Prosopis, but that genus is now restricted to a few species native to the Old World.

Mesquites have extremely long taproots to seek water from very far under ground, making them extremely drought-tolerant. As they are legumes, mesquites are one of the few sources of fixed nitrogen in the desert habitat. Their fruits, known as "mesquite pods", are dry and often sweet, edible for humans and livestock, and served as a staple food for indigenous peoples in the deserts of North America.
Legality of BDSM
Criminalization of consensual BDSM practices usually does not involve explicit reference to BDSM, but results from the fact that such behavior as spanking or cuffing someone could be considered a breach of personal rights, which in principle constitutes a criminal offense. In Germany, Netherlands, Japan and Scandinavia, such behavior is legal in principle. In Austria the legal status is not clear, while in Switzerland and parts of Australia some BDSM practices can be considered criminal.

Highly publicized cases, such as the US scandal of People v. Jovanovic and the British Operation Spanner, demonstrate the degree to which legal grey areas can pose a problem for the individuals and authorities involved, and the importance of knowing the legal status of the right of consent in the judicial statue of the country of residence for the practitioners of BDSM.

Criminalization
Criminalization or criminalisation, in criminology, is "the process by which behaviors and individuals are transformed into crime and criminals". Previously legal acts may be transformed into crimes by legislation or judicial decision. However, there is usually a formal presumption in the rules of statutory interpretation against the retrospective application of laws, and only the use of express words by the legislature may rebut this presumption. The power of judges to make new law and retrospectively criminalise behaviour is also discouraged. In a less overt way, where laws have not been strictly enforced, the acts prohibited by those laws may also undergo de facto criminalization through more effective or committed legal enforcement.  The process of criminalization takes place through societal institutions including schools, the family, and the criminal justice system.
Banwar
Banwar (Banwár) is a village in Bhitarwar block of Gwalior district, in Madhya Pradesh, India. As of 2011, the village population was 4,209, in 769 households. There is a weekly haat, but no mandi/regular market.

Bhitarwar
Bhitarwar is a city and a municipality in Gwalior district in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India. The town is surrounded by a river called Parbati.

As of 2011, the population of Bhitarwar town is 19,096, in 3,422 households.

Bhitarwar is the headquarters of a tehsil, Vidhan Sabha constituency, as well as a community development block. The block is divided between the tehsils of Bhitarwar and Chinour; Chinour tehsil was created out of Bhitarwar tehsil in 2008.
Highwood, Essex
Highwood is a village and civil parish in the Chelmsford district of Essex, England. The village lies 4 miles (6 km) west of the centre of Chelmsford itself. The A414 road passes through the parish, a little way to the north of the village. Loves Green is part of the village. The parish also includes the hamlets of Cooksmill Green and Radley Green to the north of the village and Edney Common to the east. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 697.

A414 road
The A414 is a major road in England, which connects the towns of Hemel Hempstead in Hertfordshire and Maldon in Essex. The road commences at the A41, at a junction west of Hemel, and travels through the town to junction 8 of the M1 motorway at Buncefield. From there, it runs parallel to the M1 until junction 7, heading south of St Albans and east through Hatfield and Hertford. The road then crosses the A10 and into Essex; it travels through Harlow, Chipping Ongar and Chelmsford, before terminating at Maldon.
Steven Johnson Leyba
Steven Johnson Leyba (born September 3, 1966) is an American artist, painter, fine art book maker, author, spoken word performance artist, and musician. Leyba is of  Mescalero Apache, Navajo, Cherokee, Paiute, Menominee, Jewish ancestry. He has been called the father of “Sexpressionism” by art critic Carlo McCormick.

His work has been criticized for reclamation and use of the swastika symbol and sexual imagery for the purposes of public discourse.

In 1992 he was made a Reverend in the Church of Satan by Anton LaVey. In 2007 started the first church of art the Coyotel Church "first church of creative application."

Carlo McCormick
Carlo McCormick is an American culture critic and curator living in New York City. McCormick was Senior Editor of Paper. He is the author of numerous books, monographs and catalogues on contemporary art and artists. He lectures and teaches extensively at universities and colleges around the United States on popular culture and art. His writing has appeared in Effects : Magazine for New Art Theory, Aperture, Art in America, ArtNews, Artforum, Camera Austria, High Times, Spin, Tokion, Vice and other magazines.
Copper(II) acetate
Copper(II) acetate, also referred to as cupric acetate, is the chemical compound with the formula Cu(OAc)2 where AcO− is acetate (CH3CO−2). The hydrated derivative, Cu2(OAc)4(H2O)2, which contains one molecule of water for each copper atom, is available commercially. Anhydrous copper(II) acetate is a dark green crystalline solid, whereas Cu2(OAc)4(H2O)2 is more bluish-green. Since ancient times, copper acetates of some form have been used as fungicides and green pigments. Today, copper acetates are used as reagents for the synthesis of various inorganic and organic compounds. Copper acetate, like all copper compounds, emits a blue-green glow in a flame.

Anhydrous
A substance is anhydrous if it contains no water. Many processes in chemistry can be impeded by the presence of water; therefore, it is important that water-free reagents and techniques are used. In practice, however, it is very difficult to achieve perfect dryness; anhydrous compounds gradually absorb water from the atmosphere so they must be stored carefully.

Substances that contain water or its constituent elements are called hydrates.