hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
European Financial Stabilisation Mechanism
The European Financial Stabilisation Mechanism (EFSM) is an emergency funding programme reliant upon funds raised on the financial markets and guaranteed by the European Commission using the budget of the European Union as collateral. It runs under the supervision of the Commission and aims at preserving financial stability in Europe by providing financial assistance to member states of the European Union in economic difficulty.

The Commission fund, backed by all 27 European Union member states, has the authority to raise up to €60 billion. The EFSM is rated AAA by Fitch, Moody's and Standard & Poor's. 
The EFSM has been operational since 10 May 2010.

S&P Global Ratings
S&P Global Ratings (previously Standard & Poor's and informally known as S&P) is an American credit rating agency (CRA) and a division of S&P Global that publishes financial research and analysis on stocks, bonds, and commodities. S&P is considered the largest of the Big Three credit-rating agencies, which also include Moody's Ratings and Fitch Ratings. Its head office is located on 55 Water Street in Lower Manhattan, New York City.
Defender (Gabriella Cilmi song)
"Defender" is a song by Australian singer–songwriter Gabriella Cilmi, released as the third single from her second studio album Ten. The single release of "Defender" included a cover of Kiki Dee's "Magic Carpet Ride" as a B-side, promotional releases however listed the two songs as a double A-side. It was co-written by Gabriella herself alongside George Astasio, Jason Pebworth and Jon Shave.

Kiki Dee
Pauline Matthews (born 6 March 1947),  better known by her stage name Kiki Dee, is an English pop singer. Known for her blue-eyed soul vocals, she was the first female singer from the UK to sign with Motown's Tamla Records.

Dee is best known for the hit singles "Amoureuse" (1973), "I've Got the Music in Me" (1974) and "Don't Go Breaking My Heart", her 1976 duet with Elton John, which reached number one on the UK singles chart and the US Billboard Hot 100 chart. Her 1981 single "Star" became the theme song for the talent show Opportunity Knocks when it was revived by the BBC in 1987. In 1993, she performed another duet with John for his Duets album, a cover version of Cole Porter's "True Love", which reached number two in the UK. During her career, she has released 40 singles, three EPs and 12 albums.
Harkism
Harkism (Nepali: हर्कवाद) is a political and social ideology developed by Harka Sampang, the mayor of Dharan, Nepal. It serves as the guiding principle of the Shram Sanskriti Party, officially announced in late 2025.

The ideology is defined by the "formula of planting labor in the soil" to achieve national sovereignty and economic prosperity.

Shram Sanskriti Party
The Shram Sanskriti Party (Nepali: श्रम संस्कृति पार्टी, lit. 'Labor Culture Party') is a grassroots populist nationalist political party in Nepal led by Harka Sampang, former mayor of Dharan. Nature, culture and technology is its main theme, vision and agenda, with grassroots level development of Nepal being its fundamental goal.
Palmyra (modern)
Palmyra (/ˌpɑːl-maɪrə/; Arabic: تَدْمُر, romanized: Tadmur; Palmyrene: 𐡶𐡣𐡬𐡥𐡴 Tadmor) is a city in central Syria, administratively part of the Homs Governorate. It is located in an oasis in the middle of the Syrian Desert 215 kilometres (134 mi) northeast of Damascus and 180 kilometres (110 miles) southwest of the Euphrates River. The ruins of ancient Palmyra, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, are situated about 500 metres (1⁄3 mile) southwest of the modern city centre. Relatively isolated, the nearest localities include Arak to the east, Al-Sukhnah further to the northeast, Tiyas to the west and al-Qaryatayn to the southwest.

Syrian desert
The Syrian desert (Arabic: بادية الشام Bādiyat Ash-Shām), also known as the North Arabian desert, the Jordanian steppe, the Syrian steppe, or the Badiya, or Badiyat al-Sham, is a region of desert, semi-desert, and steppe, covering about 500,000 square kilometers (200,000 square miles) of West Asia, including parts of northern Saudi Arabia, eastern Jordan, southern Syria, and western Iraq. It accounts for about 85% of the land area of Jordan and 55% of Syria. To the south, it borders and merges into the Arabian Desert. The land is open, rocky or gravelly desert pavement, cut with occasional wadis, or river valleys, generally dry riverbeds.
Chi Cassiopeiae
Chi Cassiopeiae is a solitary, yellow-hued star in the constellation Cassiopeia. Its name is a Bayer designation that is Latinized from χ Cassiopeiae, and is abbreviated Chi Cas or χ Cas. This star is visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of +4.7. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 16.26 mas as seen from Earth, this system is located approximately 201 light-years (62 pc) from the Sun. At that distance, the visual magnitude is diminished by an extinction of 0.18 due to interstellar dust.

With a stellar classification of G9 IIIb, it has the spectrum of an evolved, G-type giant star. It is a red clump star that it is generating energy through helium fusion at its core, with an estimated age of a billion years. The star has about double the mass of the Sun and has expanded to 10.3 times the Sun's radius. It is radiating 67.6 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,746 K.

Giant star
A giant star has a substantially larger radius and luminosity than a main-sequence (or dwarf) star of the same surface temperature. They lie above the main sequence (luminosity class V in the Yerkes spectral classification) on the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram and correspond to luminosity classes II and III. The terms giant and dwarf were coined for stars of quite different luminosity despite similar temperature or spectral type (namely K and M) by Ejnar Hertzsprung in 1905 or 1906.

Giant stars have radii up to a few hundred times the Sun and luminosities over 10  times that of the Sun. Stars still more luminous than giants are referred to as supergiants and hypergiants.

A hot, luminous main-sequence star may also be referred to as a giant, but any main-sequence star is properly called a dwarf, regardless of how large and luminous it is.
Old Haileybury Football Club
The Old Haileybury Football Club (also known as Old Haileyburians), nicknamed the Bloods, is an Australian rules football club based in the Melbourne suburb of Caulfield South. The club was originally associated with Haileybury College and remains sponsored by the school.

Since its founding in 1961, Old Haileybury have won ten Victorian Amateur Football Association (VAFA) senior premierships, including the A-Grade premiership in 2006.

As of 2025, the club's men's team competes in the Premier Division of the VAFA, while the women's team is in Division 1 of the VAFA Women's (VAFAW).

Haileybury (Melbourne)
Haileybury is an Australian private school with campuses in Keysborough, Brighton East, Berwick, Melbourne's CBD, Darwin, Northern Territory and online campus, Haileybury Pangea. It also has an international campus in the Tianjin outer district of Wuqing, China. Middle School (Years 5-8) at Haileybury introduces parallel education where students are separated into single-gender classrooms for their academic studies and for sport and camping programs. Although learning in separate classes, boys and girls share the same campus and socialise in co-curricular activities. Haileybury has been described as the largest independent school in Australia.

Haileybury is a member of the following associations:

Independent Schools Victoria (ISV)

Associated Public Schools (APS)

Junior School Heads Association of Australia (JSHAA)

Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference
Angelo Tarchi (composer)
Angelo Tarchi (c. 1760 – 19 August 1814) was an Italian composer of numerous operas as well as sacred music. Between 1778 and 1787, he worked primarily in Italy, producing five or six new operas each year.

Tarchi was born in Naples.  In December 1787 he was appointed music director and composer at London's King's Theatre, a position he held until June 1789. Tarchi returned to Italy in 1791 and remained there until 1798 when he went to Paris. He composed several works in the opéra comique genre which achieved only moderate success. When he gave up composing, he became fashionable singing teacher in Paris, where he died in 1814.

Opéra comique
Opéra comique (French: [ɔpeʁa kɔmik]; plural: opéras comiques) is a genre of French opera that contains spoken dialogue and arias. It emerged from the popular opéras comiques en vaudevilles of the Fair Theatres of St Germain and St Laurent (and to a lesser extent the Comédie-Italienne), which combined existing popular tunes with spoken sections. Associated with the Paris theatre of the same name, opéra comique is not necessarily comical or shallow; Carmen, perhaps the most famous opéra comique, is a tragedy.
Tanga (song)
"Tanga" (transl. Idiot; stylized in all caps) is a song by the Filipino girl group Kaia. Sony Music Philippines released in music streaming platforms on March 28, 2025. It is a pop and R&B song about youthful love, blending upbeat production with reflective lyrics about ignoring warning signs in a relationship. It was written and produced by the Filipino singer-songwriter Zack Tabudlo who released his 2021 single "Binibini" (lit. 'Young Woman'). The members of the girl group explained that listening to the song offered a sense of comfort, stating that it conveys the idea that experiencing a period of feeling "tanga" in love is acceptable.

Sony Music Philippines
Sony Music Philippines, Inc. is a record label based in the Philippines, which was founded in 1995 as an imprint of the international music label Sony Music Entertainment and a part of its Asia-Pacific chain. After the closure of the local label caused by widespread piracy problems in the Philippines in 2012, it resumed its operations in 2018.
McLaren LT170
The McLaren LT170 was a sports prototype racing car, built in 1971. The LT170 was a hybrid of the Lola T70 and McLaren M6B Can-Am cars, and used a Chevrolet V8 engine. One car was built, which Howie Sangster used on the way to winning the 1972 Western Australia Sports Car Championship.

Matich
The Matich name was applied to a series of sports racing cars and open wheel racing cars produced in Australia between 1967 and 1974 under the direction of Sydney-based racing driver and engineer Frank Matich.
Mathematical Applications Group
Mathematical Applications Group, Inc. (a.k.a. MAGI or MAGI/SynthaVision or MAGI Animation Studios) was an early computer technology company founded in 1966 by Dr. Philip Mittelman and located in Elmsford, New York, where it was evaluating nuclear radiation exposure. By modeling structures using combinatorial geometry mathematics and applying Monte Carlo radiation ray tracing techniques, the mathematicians could estimate exposures at various distances and relative locations in and around fictional structures. In 1972, the graphics group called MAGI/SynthaVision was formed at MAGI by Robert Goldstein.

It was one of four companies hired to create the 3-D computer animation for the 1982 film Tron. MAGI was responsible for most of the CGI animation in the first half of Tron, while Triple-I worked mainly on the second half of the film. MAGi modeled and animated the light cycles, recognizers and tanks.

Computing
Computing is any goal-oriented activity that requires, benefits from, or creates computing machinery. It includes the study and experimentation of algorithmic processes, and the development of both hardware and software. Computing encompasses scientific, engineering, mathematical, technological, and social aspects. Major computing disciplines include computer engineering, computer science, cybersecurity, data science, information systems, information technology, and software engineering.

The term computing is also synonymous with counting and calculating. In earlier times, it was used in reference to the action performed by mechanical computing machines, and before that, to human computers.
Robert Quillen
Verni Robert Quillen (March 25, 1887 – December 9, 1948) was an American  journalist and humorist who for more than a quarter century was "one of the leading purveyors of village nostalgia" from his home in Fountain Inn, South Carolina. In 2012, his office and library was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Humorist
A humorist is an intellectual who uses humor, or wit, in writing or public speaking. A raconteur is one who tells anecdotes in a skillful and amusing way.

Henri Bergson writes that a humorist's work grows from viewing the morals of society.

The term comedian is generally applied to one who is performing to an audience for laughter.
Sanaa Shebbani
Sanaa Shebbani (Arabic: سناء شباني) is a Lebanese children's writer and translator. She wrote one play and has published more than 90 children's books. In 2010, UNESCO, Regional Bureau, Beirut, published her story book for youth Hatta Ankoulouka Ila Alami as she was chosen after attending a workshop as part of the program Beirut, World Book Capital, 2009: Reinforcing the Cultural Diversity in the Storybooks Dedicated to Youth.  In 2012, her book What Have You Decided, Malik? won the Sharjah Award for Children's Book. In 2017, her book The Battle of Antara Ibn Shaddad was shortlisted for Etisalat Award for Arabic Children's Literature in the Young Adult's Book category. In 2022, her story book Ziyara Gheir Moutakaa: Gibran Khalil Gibran was considered distinguished for excellence by the International Board on Books for Young People (IBBY) Honour List 2022.

World Book Capital
The World Book Capital (WBC) is an initiative of UNESCO which recognises cities for promoting books and fostering reading for a year starting on April 23, World Book and Copyright Day. Cities designated as UNESCO World Book Capital carry out activities with the aim of encouraging a culture of reading in all ages and sharing UNESCO's values. The nomination does not provide a financial prize.

UNESCO adopted the 31c/Resolution 29, in 2001, establishing the World Book Capital programme and naming Madrid as the first WBC city in 2001. The advisory committee is composed of UNESCO, the International Publishers Association, the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions, the International Authors Forum and the International Booksellers Federation.
Youth unemployment in the United Kingdom
Youth unemployment in the United Kingdom is the level of unemployment among young people, typically defined as those aged 16–24. A related concept is graduate unemployment which is the level of unemployment among university graduates. Statistics for March to May 2025 show that there are 628,000 young people from the ages 16–25 who are unemployed which equates to an unemployment rate of 14.2% among young people. This is up from 31,000 (13.8%) the year before.

Graduate unemployment
Graduate unemployment, or educated unemployment, is unemployment among people with an academic degree.

Aggravating factors for unemployment are the rapidly increasing quantity of international graduates competing for an inadequate number of suitable jobs, schools not keeping their curriculums relevant to the job market, the growing pressure on schools to increase access to education (which usually requires a reduction in educational quality), and students being constantly told that an academic degree is the only route to a secure future.
Agmatine kinase
In enzymology, an agmatine kinase (EC 2.7.3.10) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

ATP + agmatine  ADP + N4-phosphoagmatine

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are ATP and agmatine, whereas its two products are ADP and N4-phosphoagmatine.

This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring phosphorus-containing groups (phosphotransferases) with a nitrogenous group as acceptor.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is ATP:agmatine N4-phosphotransferase. Other names in common use include phosphagen phosphokinase, and ATP:agmatine 4-N-phosphotransferase.

Agmatine
Agmatine, also known as 4-aminobutyl-guanidine, was discovered in 1910 by Albrecht Kossel. It is a chemical substance which is naturally created from the amino acid arginine. Agmatine has been shown to exert modulatory action at multiple molecular targets, notably: neurotransmitter systems, ion channels, nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, and polyamine metabolism and this provides bases for further research into potential pharmacological applications.
HMS Ceanothus
Two ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Ceanothus. Ceanothus comes from the Greek word keanthos, meaning a type of thistle.

HMS Ceanothus (1917) was an Anchusa-class sloop launched in 1917. In 1921 she was transferred to the Royal Indian Marine and renamed HMINS Elphinstone. She was wrecked on 29 January 1925 off the Nicobar Islands.

HMS Ceanothus (K486) was a modified Flower-class corvette launched in 1943. She was transferred in the same year to the Royal Canadian Navy and renamed HMCS Forrest Hill. She was sold for scrap in 1948.

HMCS Forest Hill
HMCS Forest Hill (a.k.a. HMCS Forrest Hill) was a modified Flower-class corvette that served with the Royal Canadian Navy during the Second World War. She served primarily as a convoy escort in the Battle of the Atlantic. She was originally laid down by the Royal Navy as HMS Ceanothos but was never commissioned into the RN, being transferred to the RCN before completion. She is named for Forest Hill, Ontario, a town that was eventually amalgamated into the larger city Toronto, Ontario.
Functioning on Impatience
Functioning on Impatience is the second full-length album by American metalcore band Coalesce, originally released in 1998 through Second Nature Recordings. The LP edition of the record was repressed for the album's 10th anniversary in 2008, featuring a uniquely cut sleeve shaped after the rib cage on the cover art. The CD edition features a transparent front insert.

Second Nature Recordings
Second Nature Recordings is an independent record label based in Kansas City, Missouri. It specializes in indie rock and co-releases vinyl pressings for other labels. The label has released material by Coalesce, The Blood Brothers, Waxwing, These Arms Are Snakes, and The Casket Lottery.

Second Nature was founded by Dan Askew after he started a zine in high school also entitled Second Nature. His zine was combined with a friend's with the intention of releasing compilation CDs. The label released a CD compiling some of Coalesce's unreleased tracks with their 7" demo, and Askew joined the band for a tour.
Ibrahima Maïga
Ibrahima Maïga (born 14 March 1979) is a Malian hurdler. He was born in Sareyamou.

He finished fourth at the 2004 African Championships, fifth at the 2006 African Championships and won the bronze medal at the 2008 African Championships. He also competed at the World Championships in 2005 and 2007 as well as the Olympic Games in 2004 and 2008 without reaching the final.

His personal best time is 49.13 seconds, achieved in April 2007 in Dakar.

2007 World Championships in Athletics
The 11th World Championships in Athletics, (Japanese: 2007年世界陸上競技選手権大会) under the auspices of the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF), were held at Nagai Stadium in Osaka, Japan from 24 August to 2 September 2007. 200 of the IAAF's 212 member federations entered a total of 1,978 athletes, the greatest number of competitors at any World Championships to date. Sarah Brightman, the world's best-selling soprano, performed her single Running at the opening ceremony.
Dergachi, Russia
Dergachi (Russian: Дергачи) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.

Urban localities

Dergachi, Saratov Oblast, a work settlement in Dergachyovsky District of Saratov Oblast

Rural localities

Dergachi, Kirov Oblast, a village in Russko-Tureksky Rural Okrug of Urzhumsky District of Kirov Oblast

Dergachi, Samara Oblast, a selo in Krasnoarmeysky District of Samara Oblast

Dergachi, Tver Oblast, a village in Ploskoshskoye Rural Settlement of Toropetsky District of Tver Oblast

Urzhumsky District
Urzhumsky District (Russian: Уржумский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-nine in Kirov Oblast, Russia. It is located in the south of the oblast. The area of the district is 3,025 square kilometers (1,168 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Urzhum. Population: 27,075 (2010 census); 33,959 (2002 Census); 38,836 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Urzhum accounts for 37.7% of the district's total population.
Namsos Airport
Namsos Airport (Norwegian: Namsos lufthavn; IATA: OSY, ICAO: ENNM) is a regional airport located at Høknesøra along the Namsen river, just outside the town of Namsos in Namsos Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. The airport is served with Dash 8 aircraft from Widerøe on public service obligation contracts with the Ministry of Transport and Communications. It had 25,684 passengers in 2011 and is owned and operated by Avinor. There has been one large disaster associated with the airport. In 1993, Widerøe Flight 744 hit ground in darkness during approach, causing six deaths out of 19 on board.

Ministry of Transport (Norway)
The Royal Norwegian Ministry of Transport, also referred as Ministry of Transport and Communications (Norwegian: Samferdselsdepartementet, SD) is a Norwegian ministry established in 1946, and is responsible for transportation in Norway. The ministry was responsible for communication infrastructure until may 2019, when the responsibility for the Norwegian Communications Authority was transferred to Ministry of Local Government and Regional Development. Since October 2021, the ministry has been headed by Jon-Ivar Nygård of the Labour Party. The department must report to the parliament (Stortinget).
Sesquisulfide
Α sesquisulfide is a compound that has the composition M2S3 where M is the element and S is sulfur.

Boron sesquisulfide, B2S3

Aluminium sesquisulfide, Al2S3

Scandium sesquisulfide, Sc2S3

Titanium sesquisulfide, Ti2S3

Chromium sesquisulfide, Cr2S3

Gallium sesquisulfide, Ga2S3

Arsenic sesquisulfide, As2S3

Yttrium sesquisulfide, Y2S3

Rhodium sesquisulfide, Rh2S3

Antimony sesquisulfide, Sb2S3

Cerium sesquisulfide, Ce2S3

Praseodymium sesquisulfide, Pr2S3

Neodymium sesquisulfide, Nd2S3

Promethium sesquisulfide, Pm2S3

Samarium sesquisulfide, Sm2S3

Europium sesquisulfide, Eu2S3

Gadolinium sesquisulfide, Gd2S3

Terbium sesquisulfide, Tb2S3

Dysprosium sesquisulfide, Dy2S3

Holmium sesquisulfide, Ho2S3

Erbium sesquisulfide, Er2S3

Thulium sesquisulfide, Tm2S3

Ytterbium sesquisulfide, Yb2S3

Lutetium sesquisulfide, Lu2S3

Iridium sesquisulfide, Ir2S3

Gold sesquisulfide, Au2S3

Bismuth sesquisulfide, Bi2S3

Actinium sesquisulfide, Ac2S3

Gold(III) sulfide
Gold(III) sulfide or auric sulfide is an inorganic compound with the formula Au2S3. Auric sulfide has been described as a black and amorphous solid. Only the amorphous phase has been produced, and the only evidence of existence is based on thermal analysis.