hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Francis Hindes Groome
Francis Hindes Groome (30 August 1851 – 24 January 1902) was a writer and foremost commentator of his time on the Romani people, their language, life, history, customs, beliefs, and lore.

He was the son of Robert Hindes Groome, Archdeacon of Suffolk.

Romani language
Romani (/ˈrɒməni, ˈroʊ-/ ROM-ə-nee, ROH-; also Romanes /ˈrɒmənɪs/ ROM-ən-iss, Romany, Roma; Romani: rromani ćhib) is an Indo-Aryan macrolanguage of the Romani people. The largest Romani dialects are Vlax Romani (about 500,000 speakers), Balkan Romani (600,000), and Sinte Romani (300,000). Some Romani communities speak mixed languages based on the surrounding language with retained Romani-derived vocabulary – these are known by linguists as Para-Romani varieties, rather than dialects of the Romani language itself.

The differences between the various varieties can be as large as, for example, the differences between the Slavic languages.
Live at Carnegie Hall (Anoushka Shankar album)
Live at Carnegie Hall is a live album by Anoushka Shankar released in 2001, and recorded at Carnegie Hall in New York and at the Salisbury Festival. The album earned a Grammy nomination for Best World Music Album.

Grammy Award for Best Global Music Album
The Grammy Award for Best Global Music Album is an honor presented to recording artists for influential music from around the globe at the Grammy Awards, a ceremony that was established in 1958 and originally called the Gramophone Awards. Honors in several categories are presented at the ceremony annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States to "honor artistic achievement, technical proficiency and overall excellence in the recording industry, without regard to album sales or chart position".
Vedasandur Assembly constituency
Vedasandur is a legislative assembly constituency in Dindigul district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Its State Assembly Constituency number is 133. It comes under Karur Lok Sabha constituency for parliament elections. It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu, in India. Elections and winners from this constituency are listed below.

Tamil Nadu Legislature
The Tamil Nadu Legislature is the unicameral legislature of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The Legislature is composed of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly and the state's governor.

Until 1 November 1986, the Tamil Nadu Legislature was a bicameral legislature which included the Tamil Nadu Legislative Council as the upper house, with the Legislative Assembly being the lower house.

In 2010, the erstwhile Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam government took steps to revive the Tamil Nadu Legislative Council and convert the legislature back into a bicameral one, but the administration lost power before completing the transition. The All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam government which assumed power in 2011 expressed its intent not to revive the Legislative Council.
Swimming with Men
Swimming with Men is a 2018 British sports comedy-drama film starring Rob Brydon, Jane Horrocks, Rupert Graves, Daniel Mays, Thomas Turgoose, Jim Carter, Adeel Akhtar and Charlotte Riley. It was directed by Oliver Parker.

Screenwriter Aschlin Ditta based the script on the 2010 Swedish documentary Men Who Swim.

Sports film
A sports film is a film genre in which any particular sport plays a prominent role in the film's plot or acts as its central theme. It is a production in which a sport or a sports-related topic is prominently featured or is a focus of the plot. Despite this, sport is ultimately rarely the central concern of such films and sport performs primarily an allegorical role. Furthermore, sports fans are not necessarily the target demographic in such movies, but sports fans tend to maintain a high following and esteem for such movies.
Ankushapur, Ranga Reddy district
Ankushapur is a village in Medchal-Malkajgiri District in Telangana, India. It falls under Ghatkesar mandal. The village is home to some engineering colleges. The total geographical area of village is 845 hectares. Ankushapur has a population of 7,645 peoples. There are about 2,764 houses in Ankushapur village. Hyderabad is nearest town to Ankushapur which is approximately 30 km away.

Medchal-Malkajgiri district
Medchal−Malkajgiri district is a district in the Indian state of Telangana. Shamirpet is the headquarter of the district. It is the second most populous district in the state with a population of 2.5 million and also 91.40% urbanized district in the state of Telangana, standing next only to Hyderabad district which has a population of 4 million. The district shares boundaries with Hyderabad, Medak, Sangareddy, Yadadri, Siddipet and Rangareddy districts.The most part of the district consist of Hyderabad City (GHMC)
2013 CONCACAF Gold Cup final
The 2013 CONCACAF Gold Cup final was the 12th final of the CONCACAF Gold Cup, the international championship tournament for CONCACAF, the governing body of soccer in North and Central America. The match took place on July 28, 2013, at Soldier Field in Chicago, Illinois, United States. The final was between the United States and Panama.

The match was a rematch of the 2005 CONCACAF Gold Cup Final. This was first time since 2005 that the Gold Cup Final did not include Mexico.

With the win, the United States advanced to the one-game playoff played on October 10, 2015, against the champion of the 2015 CONCACAF Gold Cup, which turned out to be Mexico. The winner of the play-off would qualify to represent CONCACAF in the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup in Russia.

CONCACAF Gold Cup
The CONCACAF Gold Cup (Spanish: Copa Oro CONCACAF) is an association football  competition organized by CONCACAF as its premier continental tournament for men's senior national teams from North America, Central America and the Caribbean. The tournament is held every two years with its inaugural edition in 1991. It is the direct successor competition of the CONCACAF Championship (1963–1989).

So far, three national teams have won the tournament: Mexico (10 times), the United States (7), and Canada (1). All of them are member associations of the North American Football Union (NAFU).
Tomila Lankina
Tomila Lankina is a political scientist whose research focuses on historical political economy, democratization, and subnational governance. Her work examines comparative politics in Russia and Eastern Europe, as well as India, with particular attention to how historical and colonial legacies shape political institutions and social development.

She is a Full Professor of Politics and International Relations at the Department of International Relations at the London School of Economics. In 2025 she was elected as a fellow of the British Academy.

Democratization
Democratization, or democratisation, is the structural government transition from an authoritarian government to a more democratic political regime, including substantive political changes moving in a democratic direction. The opposite process of democratic transition is known as democratic backsliding or autocratization. Whether and to what extent democratization occurs can be influenced by various factors, including economic development, historical legacies, civil society, and international processes. Some accounts of democratization emphasize how elites drove democratization, whereas other accounts emphasize grassroots bottom-up processes. How democratization occurs has also been used to explain other political phenomena, such as whether a country goes to a war or whether its economy grows.
Cadillac Orleans
The Cadillac Orleans was a concept car designed by Cadillac for the 1953 auto show circuit. It was the first four-door hardtop concept. The hardtop design eliminated the traditional B-pillar found on most cars of the era. Powered by a Cadillac V8 engine with an output of 210 hp (157 kW), the Orleans was never put into production. The design innovations on this car would not be put into a production car until the 1956 Sedan de Ville. The car also featured suicide doors, a wrap around windshield, full air conditioning, and several safety improvement attempts, such as a feature which resulted in the doors only being able to be opened if the car was in neutral. Another unique luxury feature was the addition of an AC/DC converter and a normal household outlet to allow electronic devices to be plugged into the car. A compartment in the backrest held a men's electric razor, a vanity case, and a mirror.

Pillar (car)
The pillars on a car with permanent roof body style (such as four-door sedans) are the vertical or nearly vertical supports of its window area or greenhouse—designated respectively as the A, B, C and (in larger cars such as 4-door station wagons and sport utility vehicles) D-pillar, moving from front to rear, in profile view.
Kap River Nature Reserve
Kap River Nature Reserve is a nature reserve that lies between the confluence of the Kap River and the southern bank of the Great Fish River near Port Alfred. Neighbouring it is the Great Fish River Mouth Wetland Nature Reserve.

Great Fish River
The Great Fish River (called great to distinguish it from the Namibian Fish River) (Afrikaans: Groot-Visrivier) is a river running 644 kilometres (400 mi) through the South African province of the Eastern Cape. The coastal area between Port Elizabeth and the Fish River mouth is known as the Sunshine Coast. The Great Fish River was originally named Rio do Infante, after João Infante, the captain of one of the caravels of Bartolomeu Dias. Infante visited the river in the late 1480s.

The name Great Fish is a misnomer, since it is a translation of the Dutch Groot Visch Rivier, which was the name of a tributary in the vicinity of Cradock, which at its confluence with the Little Fish (Klein Visch Rivier) forms what is properly called the (Eastern Cape) Fish River.
Arthur P. Schalick High School
Arthur P. Schalick High School is a comprehensive community four-year public high school that serves students in ninth through twelfth grade from Pittsgrove Township, in Salem County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, operating as the lone secondary school of the Pittsgrove Township School District.

As of the 2024–25 school year, the school had an enrollment of 482 students and 42.5 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 11.3:1. There were 137 students (28.4% of enrollment) eligible for free lunch and 34 (7.1% of students) eligible for reduced-cost lunch.

Secondary education in the United States
Secondary education is the last six or seven years of statutory formal education in the United States. It reaches the climax with twelfth grade (age 17–18). Whether it begins with sixth grade (age 11–12) or seventh grade (age 12–13) varies by state and sometimes by school district.

Secondary education in the United States occurs in two phases. The first, as classified by the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED), is the lower secondary phase, either called a middle school or junior high school. A middle school is for students sixth grade, seventh grade and eighth grade and a junior high school is only for students in seventh and eighth grade.

The second is the ISCED upper secondary phase, a high school or senior high school for students ninth grade through twelfth grade. There is some debate over the optimum age of transfer, and variation in some states; also, middle school often includes grades that are almost always considered primary school.
Kamensky (inhabited locality)
Kamensky (Russian: Ка́менский; masculine), Kamenskaya (Ка́менская; feminine), or Kamenskoye (Ка́менское; neuter) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia:

Urban localities

Kamensky, Krasnoarmeysky District, Saratov Oblast, a work settlement in Krasnoarmeysky District of Saratov Oblast

Rural localities

Kamensky, Belgorod Oblast, a khutor in Yakovlevsky District of Belgorod Oblast

Kamensky, Tatishchevsky District, Saratov Oblast, a settlement in Tatishchevsky District of Saratov Oblast

Kamensky, name of several other rural localities

Kamenskaya, Moscow Oblast, a village in Yegoryevsky District of Moscow Oblast

Kamenskoye, Kamchatka Krai, a selo in Penzhinsky District of Koryak Okrug of Kamchatka Krai

Kamenskoye, name of several other rural localities

Historical names

Kamenskaya, name of Kamensk-Shakhtinsky, a town in Rostov Oblast, in 1817–1927

Kamensk-Shakhtinsky
Kamensk-Shakhtinsky (Russian: Ка́менск-Ша́хтинский, IPA: [ˈkamʲɪnsk ˈʂaxtʲɪnskʲɪj]) is a town in Rostov Oblast, located on the Seversky Donets River, around 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) east of the border with Ukraine's Luhansk Oblast. Population:  95,296 (2010 Census); 75,632 (2002 Census); 72,379 (1989 Soviet census).
AEKKEA-RAAB
The history of AEKKEA (Anonymos Etaireia Kataskevis Kai Ekmetallefseos Aeroplanon - Societe Anonyme Pour la Fabrication et l'Exploitation des Avions Raab), an aircraft maker based in Greece, is connected with the history of a talented German aircraft designer, Antonius Raab (his first name alternatively known as Antonios, in Greek, and Antonio, in Spanish after his involvement in Spain).

Moschato
Moschato (Greek: Μοσχάτο, romanized: Moskháto) is a town and a suburb in the southwestern part of the Athens agglomeration, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Moschato-Tavros, of which it is the seat and a municipal unit.
Mill Creek (Des Plaines River tributary)
Mill Creek is a tributary of the Des Plaines River, roughly 15 miles (24 km) long and located entirely within Lake County, Illinois. Mill Creek begins in the village of Grayslake and flows into the Des Plaines River at the 26.5 river mile within the village of Gurnee. Upkeep is done by the Lake County Forest Preserve District.

Grayslake, Illinois
Grayslake is a village in Lake County, Illinois, United States. The village's population at the 2020 census was 21,248. It is located in the Chicago metropolitan area, about 40 miles (64 km) north of Chicago's downtown, 14 miles (23 km) west of Lake Michigan, and 15 miles (24 km) south of the Wisconsin border.

Grayslake is home to the College of Lake County, Grayslake North High School, Grayslake Central High School, the University Center of Lake County and the Lake County Fairgrounds. At the south end of Grayslake, there are plans for a 641-acre (259 ha) development containing light industry, office space and residential space.
John R. Broderick
John R. Broderick is an American academic administrator who served as the eighth president of Old Dominion University from 2008 to 2021.

As president, he guided the University's six colleges, more than 10 economic development and research centers, and numerous partnerships with government, military and business organizations and agencies. He oversaw an operating budget in excess of $526 million and more than 2,500 faculty and staff members. More than $338 million in new buildings and building renovations have been authorized or completed under his tenure.

On February 12, 2021, it was announced that Radford University president Brian Hemphill, Ph.D. would succeed Broderick as the 9th president of Old Dominion University, slated to take office in August 2021.

Radford University
Radford University is a public university in Radford, Virginia, United States. It is one of the state's eight doctorate-granting public universities. Founded in 1910, Radford offers curricula for undergraduates in more than 100 fields, graduate programs including the M.F.A., M.B.A., M.A., M.S., Ed.S., Psy.D., M.S.W., and specialized doctoral programs in health-related professions. It is classified among "Doctoral/Professional Universities".
Stilbosis tesquella
Stilbosis tesquella is a moth in the family Cosmopterigidae. It was described by James Brackenridge Clemens in 1860. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Arkansas, Colorado, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Quebec, Tennessee and West Virginia.

The wingspan is 4–6 mm. Adults have been recorded on wing from May to September.

The larvae feed on Amphicarpa bracteata and Lespedeza species.

Cosmopterigidae
The Cosmopterigidae  are a family of insects (cosmet moths) in the order Lepidoptera. These are small moths with narrow wings whose tiny larvae feed internally on the leaves, seeds and stems of their host plants. About 1500 species have been described. The taxonomic family is most diverse in the Australian and Pacific region with about 780 species.

Several genera formerly included here have been moved to the Agonoxeninae.
Tara Palm
Tara Palm (born 28 July 1985) is an Australian long-distance runner.

In 2009, she competed in the senior women's race at the 2009 IAAF World Cross Country Championships held in Amman, Jordan. She finished in 80th place.

In 2013, she competed in the senior women's race at the 2013 IAAF World Cross Country Championships held in Bydgoszcz, Poland. She finished in 94th place.

In 2019, she won the bronze medal in the women's 5000 metres event at the 2019 Oceania Athletics Championships held in Townsville, Australia. In 2019, she also won the City2Surf event held in Sydney, Australia.

2013 IAAF World Cross Country Championships – Senior women's race
The Senior women's race at the 2013 IAAF World Cross Country Championships was held at the Myślęcinek Park in Bydgoszcz, Poland, on March 24, 2013.  Reports of the event were given in the Herald and for the IAAF.

Complete results for individuals, and for teams were published.
Harold W. Kuhn
Harold William Kuhn (July 29, 1925 – July 2, 2014) was an American mathematician who studied game theory.  He won the 1980 John von Neumann Theory Prize jointly with David Gale and Albert W. Tucker.  A former Professor Emeritus of Mathematics at Princeton University, he is known for the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions, for Kuhn's theorem, and for developing Kuhn poker. He described the Hungarian method for the assignment problem, but a paper by Carl Gustav Jacobi, published posthumously in 1890 in Latin, was later discovered that had described the Hungarian method a century before Kuhn.

Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi
Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi (/dʒəˈkoʊbi/; German: [jaˈkoːbi]; 10 December 1804 – 18 February 1851) was a German mathematician who made fundamental contributions to elliptic functions, dynamics, differential equations, determinants and number theory.
Transcription error
A transcription error is a specific type of data entry error that is commonly made by human operators or by optical character recognition (OCR) programs. Human transcription errors are commonly the result of typographical mistakes; putting one's fingers in the wrong place while touch typing is the easiest way to make this error. Electronic transcription errors occur when the scan of some printed matter is compromised or in an unusual font – for example, if the paper is crumpled, or the ink is smudged, the OCR may make transcription errors when reading.

Font
In metal typesetting, a font is a particular size, weight, and style of a typeface, defined as the set of fonts that share an overall design.
For instance, the typeface Bauer Bodoni (shown in the figure) includes fonts "Roman" (or "regular"), "bold" and "italic"; each of these exists in a variety of sizes.  In traditional printing, fonts were physically created using metal or wood type, with a font for each size.

In the digital description of fonts (computer fonts), the terms font and typeface are often used interchangeably. For example, when used in computers, each style is stored in a separate digital font file. Most are scalable fonts, so all sizes of a style are encompassed in one font.

In both traditional typesetting and digital design, the term font refers to a specific style or version of a typeface.
Ray Kuka
Raphael Eugene "Ray" Kuka (February 17, 1922 – March 27, 1990) was an American professional basketball player. He played in the Basketball Association of America for the New York Knicks during the 1947–48 season and part of the 1948–49 season. Kuka also served briefly as the Knicks' interim head coach for a few games in February 1949. Joe Lapchick, the regular head coach, was hospitalized to treat a stomach disorder. Kuka had also previously served as a team scout.

Kuka played in college for Notre Dame before being drafted into the United States Air Force for World War II. After World War II he returned home and played for Montana State, where he earned all-conference honors.

Following his playing career, Kuka returned to hos hometown of Havre, Montana, where he was a successful high school coach and teacher.

Montana State Bobcats men's basketball
The Montana State Bobcats men's basketball team represents Montana State University in the Big Sky Conference in NCAA Division I. The Bobcats play their home games on campus at Brick Breeden Fieldhouse in Bozeman, Montana. MSU has appeared in the NCAA tournament six times, most recently with three consecutive bids in 2022, 2023, and 2024.

Montana State began varsity intercollegiate competition in basketball in 1902. The Bobcats were retroactively recognized as the pre-NCAA tournament national champion for the 1928–29 season by the Premo-Porretta Power Poll and the Helms Athletic Foundation. Neither the Helms nor Premo-Porretta designations are recognized by the NCAA as official national championships, despite the NCAA referencing Helms's historical findings. Cat Thompson played for the Bobcats from 1926–30; a four-year All-American, he was the Helms Player of the Year in 1929, and was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 1962.
Ultimate Collection (Don Moen album)
Ultimate Collection is a contemporary Christian greatest hits album of Worship music by renowned artist Don Moen and was released on March 5, 2013, by Integrity and Columbia. It contains songs written by Moen from his previous albums which have sold over five million units.

Contemporary worship music
Contemporary worship music (CWM), also known as praise and worship music, is a distinct genre of Christian music used in contemporary worship. It has evolved over the past 60 years and is stylistically similar to pop music. The songs are often referred to as "praise songs" or "worship songs" and are typically led by a "worship band" or "praise team," with either a guitarist or pianist serving as the lead. It has become a common genre of music performed in many churches, particularly in charismatic or non-denominational Protestant churches, with some Catholic congregations also incorporating it into the Mass.
Solomons white-eye
The Solomons white-eye or New Georgia white-eye (Zosterops kulambangrae) is a species of bird in the family Zosteropidae. It is endemic to the New Georgia Islands in the Solomon Islands. It is also known as Zosterops rendovae but this name properly refers to the grey-throated white-eye.

The species is widespread in the New Georgia Group, occurring on Kolombangara, Vonavona, Kohinggo, New Georgia, Vangunu and Nggatokae. It regularly visits small islets.

It is 12 cm long and mainly green on its upper body and olive-yellow on the underside. It has a narrow white ring around the eye, blackish forehead and lores, a black bill and yellowish legs.

White-eye
The white-eyes are a family, Zosteropidae, of small passerine birds native to tropical, subtropical and temperate Sub-Saharan Africa, southern and eastern Asia, and Australasia. White-eyes inhabit most tropical islands in the Indian Ocean, the western Pacific Ocean, and the Gulf of Guinea. Discounting some widespread members of the genus Zosterops, most species are endemic to single islands or archipelagos. The silvereye, Zosterops lateralis, naturally colonised New Zealand, where it is known as the "wax-eye" or tauhou ("stranger"), from 1855. The silvereye has also been introduced to the Society Islands in French Polynesia, while the Japanese white-eye has been introduced to Hawaii.