hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lactuca biennis
Lactuca biennis is a North American species of wild lettuce known by the common names tall blue lettuce and blue wood lettuce. It is widespread across much of the United States and Canada from Alaska and Yukon south as far as California, New Mexico, and Georgia.

Lactuca biennis is a biennial herb in the dandelion tribe within the daisy family growing from a taproot to heights anywhere from one half to four meters (20 inches to over 13 feet). There are deeply lobed, toothed leaves all along the stem. The top of the stem bears a multibranched inflorescence with many flower heads. Each head is just over a centimeter (0.4 inches) wide and has many whitish to light blue ray florets but no disc florets. The fruit is a mottled achene about half a centimeter (0.2 inches) long with a brownish pappus.

Lactuca biennis was described botanically in 1794, with the name Sonchus biennis, then transferred to Lactuca in 1940.

Achene
An achene (/əˈkiːn/; from Ancient Greek  ἀ (a) 'privative' and  χαίνειν (khaínein) 'to gape'), also sometimes called akene and occasionally achenium or achenocarp, is a type of simple dry fruit produced by many species of flowering plants. Achenes are monocarpellate (formed from one carpel) and indehiscent (they do not open at maturity). Achenes contain a single seed that nearly fills the pericarp, but does not adhere to it.  In many species, what is called the "seed" is an achene, a fruit containing the seed. The seed-like appearance is owed to the hardening of the fruit wall (pericarp), which encloses the solitary seed so closely as to seem like a seed coat.
Kevinismus
Kevinismus ("Kevinism") is a German term for the practice of giving children trendy, exotic-sounding names as opposed to traditional German ones. It is often considered to be an indicator of low social class. The prototypical example is Kevin, which like most such names came to Germany from Anglo-American culture. Specifically, the 1990 comedy Home Alone (the German title of which, Kevin – Allein zu Haus, includes the hero's name) is credited with making Kevin the most popular boys' name chosen in Germany in 1991. Kevin Costner's 1990 film Dances with Wolves is often cited as an additional factor. Both films were released in Germany in 1991 and were the two most successful films there in that year. However, the name had already been introduced to Germany and achieved brief popularity in the late 1970s, during English footballer Kevin Keegan's spell with Hamburger SV.

Sometimes Chantalismus ("Chantalism") is used as a female equivalent, from the French name Chantal.

Anglo-Americans
Anglo-Americans are a demographic group in Anglo-America. It typically refers to the predominantly European-descent nations and ethnic groups in the Americas that speak English as a native language, making up the majority of people in the world who speak English as a first language.
Nimber
In mathematics, the nimbers, also called Grundy numbers (not to be confused with Grundy chromatic numbers), are introduced in combinatorial game theory, where they are defined as the values of heaps in the game Nim.  The nimbers are the same proper class as the ordinal numbers but endowed with nimber addition and nimber multiplication, which are distinct from ordinal addition and ordinal multiplication.

Because of the Sprague–Grundy theorem which states that every impartial game is equivalent to a Nim heap of a certain size, nimbers arise in a much larger class of impartial games. They may also occur in partisan games like Domineering.

The nimber addition and multiplication operations are associative and commutative. Each nimber is its own additive inverse.  In particular for some pairs of ordinals, their nimber sum is smaller than either addend.  The minimum excludant operation is applied to sets of nimbers.

John Horton Conway
John Horton Conway FRS (26 December 1937 – 11 April 2020) was an English mathematician. He was active in the theory of finite groups, knot theory, number theory, combinatorial game theory and coding theory. He also made contributions to many branches of recreational mathematics, most notably the invention of the cellular automaton called the Game of Life.

Born and raised in Liverpool, Conway spent the first half of his career at the University of Cambridge before moving to the United States, where he held the John von Neumann Professorship at Princeton University for the rest of his career. On 11 April 2020, at age 82, he died of complications from COVID-19.
Luis Fernando Manrique
Luis Fernando Manrique (born 26 August 1981) is an Ecuadorian former professional tennis player.

Born in Guayaquil, Manrique grew up in Key Biscayne, Florida and played collegiate tennis for the University of Miami between 2002 and 2005.

After graduating he spent two years on the professional tour and was most successful in doubles. He twice featured at the Miami Open (Masters) doubles main draw, including in 2006 when he partnered with Guillermo Coria.

Manrique now works as a real estate broker in Miami and was previously a touring coach of Jean-Julien Rojer.

Miami Open (tennis)
The Miami Open (also known as the Miami Masters and as the Miami Open presented by Itaú for sponsorship reasons) is an annual professional tennis tournament held in Miami Gardens, Florida, United States. It is played on outdoor hardcourts at the Hard Rock Stadium, and is held in late March and early April. The tournament is part of the ATP Masters 1000 events on the ATP Tour and part of the WTA 1000 events on the WTA Tour.

The tournament was held at the Tennis Center at Crandon Park in Key Biscayne, Florida from 1987 through 2018, featuring the top 96 men and women tennis players in the world. It moved to Miami Gardens for 2019. Following the Indian Wells Open, it is the second event of the "Sunshine Double" — a series of two elite, consecutive hard court tournaments in the United States in early spring.

In 2023, the 12-day tournament was attended by over 386,000 attendees, making it one of the largest tennis tournaments outside the four Grand Slam tournaments.
Betta schalleri
Betta schalleri, sometimes known as Schaller's mouthbrooder, is a species of gourami. It is a freshwater fish native to Asia, where it is known only from Bangka Island in Indonesia. It is typically found in hillstreams and peat swamp forests. The species reaches 4.5 cm (1.8 inches) in standard length and is known to be a facultative air-breather.

Freshwater fish
Freshwater fish are fish species that spend some or all of their lives in bodies of fresh water such as rivers, lakes, ponds and inland wetlands, where the salinity is less than 1.05%. These environments differ from marine habitats in many ways, especially the difference in levels of osmolarity. To survive in fresh water, fish need a range of physiological adaptations.

41.24% of all known species of fish are found in fresh water. This is primarily due to the rapid speciation that the scattered habitats make possible. When dealing with ponds and lakes, one might use the same basic models of speciation as when studying island biogeography.
Esquire Show Bar
The Esquire Show Bar is an old jazz and rhythm and blues nightclub in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, popular during the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s, located in the city's downtown district at 1224 Rue Stanley.  Esquire Show Bar was owned and run by Norman Silver.

Numerous international artists have performed there, including James Brown, Ray Charles, Aretha Franklin, Tina Turner, Otis Redding, Little Richard, Bo Diddley, Jackie Shane, Fats Domino, Wilson Pickett, B.B. King, Chubby Checker, Etta James, Joe Tex, Percy Sledge, Jackie Wilson, George Benson and the Avalons, James Cotton, Larry Coryell, Sonny Terry and Brownie McGhee.   In the 1960s, bands such as those led by Duke Ellington, Count Basie, Lionel Hampton, drummer Buddy Rich and others played two-week gigs. As part of the deal, they would play dry matinees on Sunday afternoons. This enabled people under the age of 21 to attend.

Chubby Checker
Chubby Checker (born Ernest Evans; October 3, 1941) is an American rock and roll singer and dancer. He is known for popularizing many dance styles, including the Twist, with his 1960 hit cover of Hank Ballard & The Midnighters' R&B song "The Twist", and the Pony, with his 1961 cover of the song "Pony Time". His biggest UK hit, "Let's Twist Again", was released one year later (in 1962). That year, he also popularized the song "Limbo Rock", a previous-year instrumental hit by the Champs to which he added lyrics and its trademark Limbo dance. He also introduced other dance styles, such as the Fly. In September 2008, "The Twist" topped Billboard's list of the most popular singles to have appeared in the Hot 100 since its debut in 1960, an honor it maintained in an August 2013 update of the list. In 2014, Checker was inducted into the National Rhythm & Blues Hall of Fame, and he was selected for induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2025.
Charles Woodhull House
Charles Woodhull House is a historic home located on 70 West Main Street (NY Route 25A) in Huntington in Suffolk County, New York. It was built in 1870 and is a 2+1⁄2-story, three-bay clapboard residence with a low gable roof and brick foundation.  It features a cupola and paired interior end chimneys.  The entrance features a shed-roofed front porch supported by slender paired Doric order columns.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. The house is currently commercial real estate and has various professional tenants occupying the beautiful office suites.  Richtberg and Rehberger Realty Co., LLC, is the property manager for this historical professional office building.

Huntington (CDP), New York
Huntington is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) located within the Town of Huntington in Suffolk County, on the North Shore of Long Island, in New York, United States. The population was 19,645 at the time of the 2020 census. The hamlet serves as the Town Seat of the Town of Huntington.

The hamlet's central business district, known locally as Huntington Village, is old and well developed, but it is not incorporated and does not have a village form of government.
Mineral Wells, Mississippi
Mineral Wells is an unincorporated community located in central DeSoto County, Mississippi, United States, near the Mississippi/Tennessee border, just south of Memphis and approximately 3 miles (4.8 km) north of Olive Branch on Mississippi Highway 178. Mineral Wells is located on the former St. Louis–San Francisco Railway.

A post office operated under the name Mineral Wells from 1910 to 1994.

St. Louis–San Francisco Railway
The St. Louis–San Francisco Railway (reporting mark SLSF), commonly known as the "Frisco", was a railroad that operated in the Midwest and South Central United States from 1876 to November 21, 1980. At the end of 1970, it operated 4,547 miles (7,318 km) of road on 6,574 miles (10,580 km) of track, not including subsidiaries Quanah, Acme and Pacific Railway and the Alabama, Tennessee and Northern Railroad.  That year, it reported 12,795 million ton-miles of revenue freight and no passengers. In 1980 it was purchased by and absorbed into the Burlington Northern Railroad.  Despite its name, it never came close to San Francisco.
Zeta (wasp)
Zeta is a small neotropical genus of potter wasps currently containing 4 species. Three of them have restricted distributions: Zeta confusum is found only in Cuba; Zeta abdominale is spread through several Caribbean Islands (Jamaica, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands and Antigua, with three presently recognized subspecies) and Zeta mendozanum is restricted to the Monte and Patagonia regions of Argentina. Zeta argillaceum, on the other hand, is a very common, widespread and variable species found in the continental Americas from the southern United States (where it was probably introduced) to central Argentina. The wide range of color variation of this species has led to the recognition of a number of subspecies and varieties currently treated as simple synonyms.

Argentine Monte
The Argentine Monte (NT0802), or Low Monte, is an ecoregion of dry thorn scrub and grasslands in Argentina. It is one of the driest regions in the country.
Human settlements are mainly near water supplies such as rivers or oases.
Deforestation and over-grazing around these settlements have caused desertification.
Dhani Ram Shandil
Colonel Dhani Ram Shandil (Retd.) (born 20 October 1940) is an Indian politician from Himachal Pradesh. He is a member of the Indian National Congress political party.

Dhani Ram Shandil has served in elite Dogra Regiment of Indian Army and is a Bharat Jyoti Award winner. Shandil belongs to the Koli caste of Himachal Pradesh.

Koli people
The Koli people are an agriculturist caste of India, mostly found in Gujarat and Himachal Pradesh. At the beginning of the 20th century, the Koli caste was recognised as a criminal tribe under Criminal Tribes Act by British Indian government because of their anti-social activities; but during World War I, Kolis were recognised as a martial caste by British Indian Empire. Kolis of Gujarat were well-known pirates of Arabian Sea.

The Kolis form the largest caste cluster in Gujarat and Himachal Pradesh, comprising 24% and 30% of the total population in those states, respectively.
Field hockey at the 2013 Australian Youth Olympic Festival – Men's tournament
The men's field hockey tournament at the 2013 Australian Youth Olympic Festival was the third edition of the field hockey tournament for men at the AYOF, from 16 to 20 January 2013.

Australia won the tournament for the third time by defeating Great Britain 5–4 in the final. The champions remained undefeated throughout the tournament. The United States won the bronze medal by defeating Malaysia 3–2 in a penalty shoot-out following a 4–4 draw.

Penalty shootout
The penalty shootout is a method of determining a winner in sports matches that would have otherwise been drawn or tied. The rules for penalty shootouts vary between sports and even different competitions; however, the usual form is similar to penalty shots in that a single player takes one shot on goal from a specified spot, the only defender being the goalkeeper. If the result is still tied, the shootout usually continues on a "goal-for-goal" basis, with the teams taking shots alternately, and the one that scores a goal unmatched by the other team is declared the winner. This may continue until every player has taken a shot, after which players may take extra shots, until the tie is broken, and is also known as "sudden death".
Steffen Brand
Steffen Brand (born 10 March 1965, in Recklinghausen) is a retired German runner who specialized in the 3000 metres steeplechase.

His personal best time is 8:14.37 minutes, achieved at the 1995 World Championships in Gothenburg. This result places him seventh on the German all-time performers list, behind Damian Kallabis, Hagen Melzer, Frank Baumgartl, Rainer Schwarz, Uwe Pflügner and Michael Karst.

He competed for the sports clubs TV Wattenscheid 01 (1985–1993) and LG Bayer Leverkusen (1994-) during his active career.

3000 metres steeplechase
The 3000 metres steeplechase or 3000-meter steeplechase (usually abbreviated as 3000mSC) is the most common distance for the steeplechase in track and field. It is an obstacle race over the distance of the 3000 metres, which derives its name from the horse racing steeplechase.
Ill Biskits
Ill Biskits was an American underground hip-hop duo from Petersburg, Virginia composed of rappers Kleph Dollaz (born Darrell Durant) and Deeda (born Charles DeShields). In 2012, Darrell Durant died of a heart attack.

Ill Biskits released their first single, "God Bless Your Life", on Indie NYC label Khari Entertainment in 1994. The single contains the rare and much sought after B-Side track "22 Years", which was produced by Lord Finesse.

In 1995, after getting the attention of major label Atlantic Records, the duo signed an album deal, and went onto to release 2 more singles.

Underground hip-hop
Underground hip-hop (also known as underground rap) is a scene and style of hip-hop music that is defined as being countercultural in nature, existing outside of and in contrast to the sounds, style and aesthetics of mainstream hip-hop. Despite this, underground artists have often reached widespread success and popularity through internet virality, critical acclaim, or appearances on the Billboard charts.

Originally associated with conscious, experimental and progressive rap, the term later shifted to refer to several trap-descendant internet rap scenes and music that emerged during the late 2000s and 2010s.
Wednesfield Academy
Wednesfield Academy is a mixed secondary school and sixth form with academy status located in the Wednesfield area of Wolverhampton, West Midlands, England.

Previously a community school administered by Wolverhampton City Council, Wednesfield High School converted to academy status in January 2015 and was renamed Wednesfield High Specialist Engineering Academy. The school was sponsored by the University of Wolverhampton Multi Academy Trust from 2015 to 2023. It is now a member of Walsall-based Matrix Academy Trust however the school continues to coordinate with City of Wolverhampton Council for admissions. In September 2021, the academy was renamed University of Wolverhampton Wednesfield Academy and in January 2023, it was renamed Wednesfield Academy.

Wednesfield Academy offers GCSEs, BTECs and Cambridge Nationals as programmes of study for pupils, while students in the sixth form have the option to study from a range of A-levels and further BTECs.

Cambridge Nationals
Cambridge Nationals are a vocational qualification in the United Kingdom introduced by the OCR Examinations Board to replace the OCR Nationals. These are Level 1 and Level 2 qualifications for students aged 14 to 16  and are usually awarded after a two-year course. Students can progress to A Levels, apprenticeships or other Level 3 vocational qualifications within the national qualifications frameworks in the United Kingdom.

OCR is part of Cambridge University Press & Assessment.
Kullmann
Kullmann is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Christopher Kullmann (born 1986), German footballer

Olaf Kullmann (1892–1942), Norwegian naval officer and peace activist

Leonie Kullmann (born 1999), German swimmer

Dimitri Kullmann (born 1958), British neurologist

Dimitri Kullmann
Dimitri Michael Kullmann (born 1958) is a British neurologist who is a professor of neurology at the UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London (UCL), and leads the synaptopathies initiative funded by the Wellcome Trust. Kullmann is a member of the Queen Square Institute of Neurology Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and a consultant neurologist at the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery.
Tom Burman
Thomas K. Burman (born January 4, 1966) is an American athletics administrator who is the current director of athletics for the University of Wyoming. He previously served as athletic director for Portland State University, and as associate athletic director for the University of Wyoming. Burman is a graduate of the University of Wyoming and Robert Morris University.

Portland State University
Portland State University (PSU) is a public research university in Portland, Oregon, United States. It was founded in 1946 as a post-secondary educational institution for World War II veterans. It evolved into a four-year college over the next 20 years and was granted university status in 1969. It is one of two public universities in Oregon that are in a large city. It is governed by a board of trustees. PSU is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".

Portland State comprises seven constituent colleges, offering undergraduate degrees in 123 fields and postgraduate degrees in 117 fields. As of 2023, the university had a total enrollment of approximately 21,000 students. Its athletic teams are known as the Portland State Vikings, with school colors of green and white. They compete at the NCAA Division I level, primarily in the Big Sky Conference.
Alain Manceau
Alain Manceau, born September 19, 1955, is a French environmental mineralogist and biogeochemist. His research focus is on the structure and reactivity of nanoparticulate iron and manganese oxides and clay minerals, on the crystal chemistry of strategic metals and rare-earth elements, and on the structural biogeochemistry of mercury in natural systems, animals, and humans.

Clay mineral
Clay minerals are hydrous aluminium phyllosilicates (e.g. kaolin, Al2Si2O5(OH)4), sometimes with variable amounts of iron, magnesium, alkali metals, alkaline earths, and other cations found on or near some planetary surfaces.

Clay minerals form in the presence of water and have been important to life, and many theories of abiogenesis involve them. They are important constituents of soils, and have been useful to humans since ancient times in agriculture and manufacturing.
Alexa Spaanstra
Alexa Christine Spaanstra (born February 1, 2000) is an American professional soccer player who plays as a forward for Portland Thorns FC of the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL). She played college soccer for the Virginia Cavaliers, where she was a five-time All-ACC selection. Internationally, she has played for the United States youth national team, winning CONCACAF tournaments at the under-17 and under-20 levels. She was selected by the Current in the first round of the 2023 NWSL Draft.

Kansas City Current
The Kansas City Current are an American professional soccer team based in Kansas City, Missouri, that competes in the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL). It was founded as an expansion team in 2021. The team plays its home games at CPKC Stadium. They reached the NWSL Championship in 2022, finishing as a runner-up. In 2025, they won the NWSL Shield with the best record in the regular season, setting several NWSL team records.
Athar Mahmood (cricketer)
Athar Mahmood (born 25 June 1999) is a Pakistani cricketer. He made his first-class debut for Pakistan Television in the 2017–18 Quaid-e-Azam Trophy on 3 October 2017. He made his List A debut for Pakistan Television in the 2017–18 Departmental One Day Cup on 28 December 2017. In January 2021, he was named in Northern's squad for the 2020–21 Pakistan Cup. He made his Twenty20 debut on 11 October 2021, for Northern in the 2021–22 National T20 Cup.

In December 2021, he was signed by Islamabad United following the players' draft for the 2022 Pakistan Super League.

Northern cricket team
Northern cricket team was a domestic cricket team in Pakistan representing Rawalpindi Division, Islamabad Capital Territory, Gilgit-Baltistan and Azad Jammu & Kashmir. It competed in domestic first-class, List A and T20 cricket competitions, namely the Quaid-e-Azam Trophy, Pakistan Cup and National T20 Cup. The team was operated by the Northern Cricket Association.