hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Music history of Italy
The modern state of Italy did not come into being until 1861, though the roots of music on the Italian Peninsula can be traced back to the music of ancient Rome. However, the underpinnings of much modern Italian music come from the Middle Ages.

Symphony
A symphony is an extended musical composition in Western classical music, most often for orchestra. Although the term has had many meanings from its origins in the ancient Greek era, by the late 18th century the word had taken on the meaning common today: a work usually consisting of multiple distinct sections or movements, often four, with the first movement in sonata form. Symphonies are almost always scored for an orchestra consisting of a string section (violin, viola, cello, and double bass), brass, woodwind, and percussion instruments which altogether number about 30 to 100 musicians. Symphonies are notated in a musical score, which contains all the instrument parts. Orchestral musicians play from parts which contain just the notated music for their own instrument. Some symphonies also contain vocal parts (e.g., Beethoven's Ninth Symphony, or Mahler's Second Symphony).
Kathryn Bullock
Kathryn Rice Bullock  (September 24, 1945 – May 17, 2021) was a chemist, best known for her work in developing  valve-regulated lead-acid batteries. Her theoretical and statistical modeling of the electrochemistry of batteries led to better understanding of processes such as corrosion and advances in battery design. Her work has applications for hybrid and electric cars, residential fuel cell systems and solar energy storage. Kathryn Bullock has published over 60 technical papers and holds at least 11 U.S. patents.  She served as vice-president of the Electrochemical Society in 1992 and as president from 1995 to 1996. Bullock died on May 17, 2021, from Alzheimer's disease.

Lucent Technologies
Lucent Technologies, Inc. was an American multinational telecommunications equipment company headquartered in Murray Hill, New Jersey. It was established on September 30, 1996, through the divestiture of the former AT&T Technologies business unit of AT&T Corporation, which included Western Electric and Bell Labs.

Lucent was acquired by the French technology company Alcatel on December 1, 2006, forming Alcatel-Lucent.
97th Infantry Division (United States)
The 97th Infantry Division was a unit of the United States Army in World War I and World War II. Nicknamed the "Trident division" because of its shoulder patch, a vertical trident in white on a blue background. It was organized in New Mexico in September 1918, where it was ordered to be demobilized – before having reached its full complement – nine days after the Armistice of 11 November 1918. It was reconstituted in February 1943, and was originally trained for World War II in amphibious assaults, as preparation for deployment in the Pacific Theater. Instead, it was deployed to Europe in 1944 when casualties from the Battle of the Bulge needed to be replaced.

Since 3 November 2010 the division's heritage is continued by the 97th Training Brigade at Fort Sheridan.

Weiden in der Oberpfalz
Weiden in der Oberpfalz (German pronunciation: [ˈvaɪdn̩ ʔɪn deːɐ̯ ˈʔoːbɐˌpfalts] ⓘ, lit. 'Weiden in the Upper Palatinate'; official abbreviation: Weiden i.d.OPf.; Northern Bavarian: Weidn in da Owapfalz) is a district-free town in Bavaria, Germany. It is located 100 km (62 mi) east of Nuremberg and 35 km (22 mi) west of the Czech border. Weiden is the second biggest town in the governmental district Oberpfalz after Regensburg. A branch of the German Army is located here.
Skip Bertman
Stanley "Skip" Bertman (born May 23, 1938) is an American former college baseball coach and athletic director at Louisiana State University (LSU). He led the LSU Tigers baseball team to five College World Series championships and seven Southeastern Conference (SEC) championships in 18 years as head coach. He amassed 870 wins, 330 losses, and three ties for a .724 winning percentage. His .754 winning percentage in NCAA baseball tournament competition is the highest among head coaches in college baseball history.

Baseball at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Baseball had its second appearance as an official medal sport at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, United States, with games played at Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium. Eight nations competed, with the preliminary phase consisting of a single round-robin tournament. Playoffs were then held, with the four highest ranked teams advancing. For the semifinals, the first place team played the fourth place team and the second place team played the third place team. The winners of those semifinals competed against each other for the gold medal, with the loser getting the silver medal. The teams defeated in the semifinal played a match for the bronze medal.

Baseball was an event open only to amateurs for the second and last time. Meanwhile, Cuba, which went undefeated in the tournament, used its best players as they were amateurs in name only, with all necessary funding coming from the state.
Elizabeth Philp
Elizabeth Philp (1827 – 26 November 1885) was an English singer, music educator and composer.

Philp was born in Falmouth, Cornwall, the eldest daughter of geographer James Philp. She was a protegee of Charlotte Cushman, and studied harmony with German composer Ferdinand Hiller at Cologne. She published a collection How to Sing an English Ballad including sixty songs. In London she was a neighbor and friend of Catherine Hogarth, and part of a community of musicians and writers there.

Philp died in London in 1885, aged 58 years, from liver disease and was buried on the eastern side of Highgate Cemetery.

Catherine Dickens
Catherine Thomson "Kate" Dickens (née Hogarth; 19 May 1815 – 22 November 1879) was a British author and purportedly a popular cook and author of a Victorian cookbook "What Shall We have For Dinner" under the pen name Lady Maria Clutterbuck. For about twenty years, she was married to the novelist Charles Dickens, during which time she kept up a large house and raised ten children. Following their highly public and very controversial separation, in 1858, Catherine was subjected to broader scrutiny in the press and increasingly defamed, many characterizations being, it was said, formed through her husband's public slander of her. Recent scholarly appraisals have tried to reinstate voice and agency to her, acknowledge her contributions to Victorian domestic culture, and reconsider the gendered dynamics of her marriage.
Hilal El-Helwe
Hilal Bassam El-Helwe (Arabic: هلال بسام الحلوة, Lebanese Arabic pronunciation: [ˈhleːl basˈseːm lˈħɪlwe]; born 24 November 1994) is a professional footballer who plays as a forward for German club FC 08 Homburg. A versatile forward, he can play both centrally and as a winger on either flank.

After playing for five years in Germany for TSV Havelse, VfL Wolfsburg II, and Hallescher FC, El-Helwe moved to Greek club Apollon Smyrnis in 2018. He returned to Germany in 2019, signing for SV Meppen, with whom he played for two years. El-Helwe then moved to Asia in 2021, playing for Al-Faisaly in Jordan, Ahed in Lebanon, and Penang in Malaysia. After one season at Bourj in Lebanon, El-Helwe returned to Germany and joined SGV Freiberg in 2024.

Born in Germany, El-Helwe made his international debut for Lebanon in 2015. He scored a brace against North Korea in the 2019 AFC Asian Cup, helping Lebanon win their first-ever game in the competition.

2015–16 Regionalliga
The 2015–16 Regionalliga was the eighth season of the Regionalliga, the fourth under the new format, as the fourth tier of the German football league system. The champions of Regionalliga Nord – SV Werder Bremen II, the champions of the Regionalliga Nordost – 1. FC Magdeburg, and the champions of Regionalliga Bayern – Würzburger Kickers were promoted to the 3. Liga. Borussia Dortmund II, SpVgg Unterhaching and SSV Jahn Regensburg were relegated from 3. Liga.
Erdmonas Simonaitis
Erdmonas Simonaitis (30 October 1888 – 24 February 1969) was a Prussian Lithuanian activist particularly active in the Klaipėda Region (Memel Territory) and advocating its union with Lithuania. During the staged Klaipėda Revolt of 1923, he headed the pro-Lithuanian government of the region. For his anti-German activities, he was persecuted by the Nazis during World War II. He survived the Mauthausen-Gusen and Dachau concentration camps. After the war he remained in Germany and rejoined various Lithuanian organizations. He was awarded the Order of Vytautas the Great and Order of the Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas.

Order of the Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas
The Order of the Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas is the Lithuanian Presidential Award which was re-instituted to honour the citizens of Lithuania for outstanding performance in civil and public offices. Foreign nationals may also be awarded this Order. The Order of the Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas was instituted in 1928. It features the Columns of Gediminas, one of the national symbols of Lithuania.
Rowshan Ershad
Begum Rowshan Ershad (born 19 July 1943) is a Jatiya Party politician from Bangladesh. She was the former Jatiya Sangsad member from the Mymensingh-4 constituency and the former leader of the opposition in the 11th parliament. She was the chief patron of the Jatiya Party (Ershad) and the widow of former Bangladesh president Hussain Muhammad Ershad.
Currently she is leading her own faction Jatiya Party (Rowshan) which is different from Jatiya Party (Ershad).

Leader of the Opposition (Bangladesh)
The Leader of the Opposition (Bengali: বিরোধীদলীয় নেতা) leads the Official Opposition in the Jatiya Sangsad, the national parliament of Bangladesh. The Leader of the Opposition is the leader of the largest political party in the Jatiya Sangsad that is not in government. That is usually the leader of the second largest political party in the Jatiya Sangsad.

The post also carries the weight of a cabinet minister and is seen as comparable to that of the Prime Minister, who is the leader of the house and of their political party.
Aequorlitornithes
Aequorlitornithes is a taxon of waterbirds recovered in a comprehensive genomic systematic study using nearly 200 species in 2015. It contains the clades Charadriiformes (waders and shorebirds), Mirandornithes (flamingos and grebes) and Phaethoquornithes (Eurypygimorphae and Aequornithes). Previous studies have found different placement for the clades in the tree.

A 2024 study used Aequorlitornithes for a similar clade, which they recovered as part of Aquaterraves. This clade also included Opisthocomiformes and excluded Charadriiformes, which they recovered in Litusilvanae, a novel clade within Aquaterraves, which also included Gruiformes and Caprimulgimorphae.

Phaethoquornithes
Phaethoquornithes is a clade of birds that contains Eurypygimorphae and Aequornithes, which was first recovered by genome analysis in 2014. Members of Eurypygimorphae were originally classified in the obsolete group Metaves, and Aequornithes were classified as the sister taxon to Musophagiformes or Gruiformes.

This group has also been informally called Ardeae. Older classifications have used Ardeae in a different sense, as a suborder of Ciconiiformes containing herons and related species. George Sangster and colleagues in 2022 named and defined this clade in the PhyloCode as the least inclusive crown clade containing Phaethon aethereus and Pelecanus onocrotalus, but not Apus apus, Charadrius hiaticula, Musophaga violacea, or Passer domesticus.

Cladogram based on Kuhl et al. (2020) and Stiller et al. (2024), with clade names following Sangster et al (2022).
NGC 4580
NGC 4580 is an unbarred spiral galaxy located about 70 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo. NGC 4580 is also classified as a LINER galaxy. It was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on February 2, 1786 and is a member of the Virgo Cluster.

Unbarred spiral galaxy
An unbarred spiral galaxy is a type of spiral galaxy without a central bar, or one that is not a barred spiral galaxy.  It is designated with an SA in the galaxy morphological classification scheme. A nearby example of an unbarred spiral is the Triangulum Galaxy.

Unbarred spiral galaxies are one of three general types of spiral galaxies under the de Vaucouleurs classification system, the other two being intermediate spiral galaxy and barred spiral galaxy. Under the Hubble tuning fork, it is one of two general types of spiral galaxy, the other being barred spirals.
Heckhuscheid
Heckhuscheid is a municipality in the district of Bitburg-Prüm, in Rhineland-Palatinate, western Germany.

Heckhuscheid is situated at an elevation of approximately 554 to 560 meters above sea level.

Heckhuscheid covers an area of roughly 8.28 square kilometers.

The population of Heckhuscheid is very small, with approximately 165 residents according to the 2019 census.

Bitburg-Prüm
The Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm (Luxembourgish: Äifelkrees Béibreg-Prüm) is a district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is bounded by (from the west and clockwise) Luxembourg, Belgium and the districts of Euskirchen, Vulkaneifel, Bernkastel-Wittlich and Trier-Saarburg.
Catalina Trico
Catalina Trico or Catalyntje Jeronimus Trico (also spelled Catilyn Trico; 1605 – 1689) was a Walloon colonist. Trico and her husband Joris Jansen Rapelje, both originally from Wallonia in modern day Belgium, were among the first European settlers in what was then the Dutch colony of New Netherland. Trico and Rapelje traveled on the ship Eendracht, arriving in New Netherland in 1624 and settling initially at Fort Orange.

Joris Jansen Rapelje
Joris Jansen Rapelje (28 April 1604 – 21 February 1662/63) was a member  of the Council of Twelve Men in the Dutch West India Company colony of New Netherland. He and his wife Catalina (Catalyntje) Trico (1605–1689) were among the earliest settlers in New Netherland.
Green solvent
Green solvents are environmentally friendly chemical solvents that are used as a part of green chemistry. They came to prominence in 2015, when the UN defined a new sustainability-focused development plan based on 17 sustainable development goals, recognizing the need for green chemistry and green solvents for a more sustainable future. Green solvents are developed as more environmentally friendly solvents, derived from the processing of agricultural crops or otherwise sustainable methods as alternatives to petrochemical solvents. Some of the expected characteristics of green solvents include ease of recycling, ease of biodegradation, and low toxicity.

Miscibility
Miscibility (/ˌmɪsɪˈbɪlɪti/) is the property of two substances to mix in all proportions (that is, to fully dissolve in each other at any concentration), forming a homogeneous mixture (a solution). Such substances are said to be miscible (etymologically equivalent to the common term "mixable"). The term is most often applied to liquids, but also applies to solids and gases. An example in liquids is the miscibility of water and ethanol as they mix in all proportions.

By contrast, substances are said to be immiscible if the mixture does not form a solution for certain proportions. For one example, oil is not soluble in water, so these two solvents are immiscible. As another example, butanone (methyl ethyl ketone) is immiscible in water: it is soluble in water up to about 275 grams per liter, but will separate into two phases beyond that.
Kynaston, Shropshire
Kynaston is an English hamlet in the parish of Kinnerley, Shropshire.

The place-name appears in the 1086 Domesday Book in the spelling of Chimerstun, but this is known to be corrupt. The origin of the name, as determined by later medieval records, is Cyneweardes-tūn, meaning `the farm of a man called Cyneweard'.

This Kynaston pre-dates the village in Herefordshire also called Kynaston.

It was described in 1870 as "KYNASTONE, a township in Kinnerley parish, Salop; 7½ miles SE of Oswestry. Pop., 135."

The name is intimately linked with the Kynaston family, the first to carry the surname being Gruffydd Kynaston of Cae Howel, a settlement in the locality.

Kinnerley
Kinnerley (historic Welsh name: Generdinlle) is a small village in Shropshire, England. It lies between the neighbouring villages of Dovaston and Pentre and the nearest town is Oswestry. To the north is the village of Knockin.
NGC 4179
NGC 4179 is a lenticular galaxy located in the constellation Virgo. It was discovered by William Herschel on January 14, 1784. It is a member of the NGC 4179 Group of galaxies, which is a member of the Virgo II Groups, a series of galaxies and galaxy clusters strung out from the southern edge of the Virgo Supercluster.

Virgo (constellation)
Virgo is one of the constellations of the zodiac. The name means "maiden" in Latin and its traditional astrological symbol is . Between Leo to the west and Libra to the east, lying in the south, it is the second-largest constellation in the sky (after Hydra) and the largest constellation in the zodiac. The ecliptic intersects the celestial equator within this constellation and Pisces. Underlying these technical two definitions, the sun passes directly overhead of the equator, within this constellation, at the September equinox. Virgo can be easily found through its brightest star, Spica, (in Latin "grain headed").
Kamchatka Current
The Kamchatka Current is a cold-water current flowing southwestward in the Bering Sea, along the Siberian Kamchatka Peninsula. It receives water from the Bering Slope Current. A portion of this current then becomes the Oyashio Current while the remainder joins the warmer North Pacific Current.

North Pacific Current
The North Pacific Current (sometimes referred to as the North Pacific Drift) is an ocean current that flows west-to-east between 30 and 50 degrees north in the Pacific Ocean. The current forms the southern part of the North Pacific Subpolar Gyre and the northern part of the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. The North Pacific Current is formed by the collision of the Kuroshio Current, running northward off the coast of Japan, and the Oyashio Current, which is a cold subarctic current that flows south and circulates counterclockwise along the western North Pacific Ocean. In the eastern North Pacific off southern British Columbia, it splits into the southward flowing cold water California Current and the northward flowing Alaska Current.
Electoral district of Lachlan and Lower Darling
Lachlan and Lower Darling was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. It existed between 1856 and 1859, and was named after the Lachlan and Darling Rivers. It elected two members simultaneously. In 1859 it was replaced by Lachlan.

Electoral districts of New South Wales
The New South Wales Legislative Assembly is elected from single-member electorates called districts, returning 93 members since the 1999 election. Prior to 1927 some districts returned multiple members, including 1920-1927 when all districts returned three, four or five members. Parramatta is the only district to have continuously existed since the establishment of the Assembly in 1856.
Kvalsundet
Kvalsundet is a strait in Hammerfest Municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. The strait separates the island of Kvaløya from the mainland. The strait is crossed by Kvalsund Bridge, which connects Kvaløya to the mainland and is the world's northernmost suspension bridge. Norway's first power station based on tidal currents is located in the strait.

Still in the 1990's the strait was full of fish. Particularly the sei and cod were heavily fished in the strait and the waters around the Kvalöya with armadas of 80 - 100 trawlers coming into the sound every summer. This way the fish was practically wiped out from the strait in 20 years.

Kvaløya, Finnmark
Kvaløya (Norwegian) or Fálá (Northern Sami) is a large island in Finnmark county, Norway. The 336-square-kilometre (130 sq mi) island is located in Hammerfest Municipality. The town of Hammerfest is located on the western shore of the island. Other villages on the island include Forsøl, Rypefjord, and Stallogargo. The Kvalfjorden is a small fjord that cuts into the northeast coast of the island at the village of Forsøl.

The island is connected to the mainland via Norwegian National Road 94 which crosses the Kvalsund Bridge in the southern part of the island. Most of the settlements on the island are on the western shore along National Road 94. There is a ferry connection between Kvaløya and the island of Seiland to the southwest. The highest point on the mountainous island is the 629-metre (2,064 ft) tall mountain Svartfjellet.
Mary Lou Soffa
Mary Lou Ehnot Soffa is an American computer scientist noted for her research on compilers, program optimization, system software and system engineering.

She is also noted for her leadership in broadening participation in computing. She is on the CRA-W Board and was co-chair from 2000 to 2003. With Jan Cuny, she founded the CRA-W Graduate Cohort Program and the CRA-W Associate Professor Program.

Committee on Widening Participation in Computing Research
The Computing Research Association's Committee on Widening Participation in Computing Research (CRA-WP) has the mission of increasing the success and participation of underrepresented groups in computing research and education at all levels. In particular, CRA-WP focuses on computer science and engineering and tries to make sure their activities have a positive impact on underrepresented groups in these areas. CRA-WP is also concerned with improving the success rate of all computer scientists and engineers in the working environment. Formerly known as the
Committee on the Status of Women in Computing Research (CRA-W), the committee changed its name and acronym in 2019.
Manolo (footballer, born 1965)
Manuel Sánchez Delgado (born 17 January 1965), known as Manolo, is a Spanish former professional footballer who played as a striker.

Over nine seasons, he amassed La Liga totals of 292 matches and 96 goals, mainly with Atlético Madrid with whom he won two major titles. He also competed at that level with Murcia.

Manolo represented Spain at the 1990 World Cup.

1991–92 Copa del Rey
The 1991–92 Copa del Rey was the 90th staging of the Spanish Cup.

The competition started on 21 August 1991 and concluded on 27 June 1992 with the Final, held at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium in Madrid, in which Atlético Madrid lifted the trophy with a 2–0 victory over Real Madrid.
Kogia
Kogia is a genus of toothed whales within the superfamily Physeteroidea comprising two extant and two extinct species from the Neogene:

Pygmy sperm whale, Kogia breviceps

Dwarf sperm whale, Kogia sima

†Kogia pusilla,  Italy, Middle Pliocene

†Kogia danomurai Pisco Formation, Peru, latest Miocene

Pygmy sperm whale
The pygmy sperm whale (Kogia breviceps) is one of two extant species in the family Kogiidae in the sperm whale superfamily. They are not often sighted at sea, and most of what is known about them comes from the examination of stranded specimens.
CS Podgoria Pâncota
Clubul Sportiv Podgoria Pâncota is a Romanian professional football club based in Pâncota, Arad County, Romania, founded in 1923, under the name of Spartak Pâncota. The club is currently a member of the Liga IV – Arad County, fourth tier of the Romanian football league system. The best period of the team based in Arad County was during the first part of the 2010s, when it reached the second division, under the name of Șoimii Pâncota.

Liga III
The Liga 3, most often spelled as Liga III, is the third level of the Romanian football league system. It was founded in 1936 and was called Divizia C until 2006. An exception was the seasons 1992–93 to 1996–97, in which the league was called Divizia B. Its name was changed from Divizia C to Liga III before the start of the 2006–07 season.