hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cathartic
In medicine, a cathartic is a substance that accelerates defecation. This is similar to a laxative, which is a substance that eases defecation, usually by softening feces. It is possible for a substance to be both a laxative and a cathartic. However, agents such as psyllium seed husks increase the bulk of the feces.

Cathartics such as sorbitol, magnesium citrate, magnesium sulfate, or sodium sulfate were previously used as a form of gastrointestinal decontamination following poisoning via ingestion. They are no longer routinely recommended for poisonings.  High-dose cathartics may be an effective means of ridding the lower gastrointestinal tract of toxins; however, they carry a risk of electrolyte imbalances and dehydration.  Catharsis can be an effect of pesticide poisonings, such as with elemental sulfur.

Psyllium
Psyllium (/ˈsɪliəm/), or Isabgol or ispaghula (/ˌɪspəˈɡuːlə/), is the common name used for several members of the plant genus Plantago whose seeds are used commercially for the production of mucilage. Psyllium is mainly used as a dietary fiber to relieve symptoms of both constipation and mild diarrhea, and occasionally as a food thickener. Allergy to psyllium is common in workers frequently exposed to the substance.

It is generally safe and moderately effective as a laxative. Use of psyllium in the diet for three weeks or longer may lower blood cholesterol levels in people with elevated cholesterol, and may lower blood glucose levels in people with type 2 diabetes. Use of psyllium for a month or longer may produce a small reduction in systolic blood pressure.

The plants from which the seeds are extracted tolerate damp and cool climates, and are mainly cultivated in northern India.
The Hind and the Panther
The Hind and the Panther: A Poem, in Three Parts (1687) is an allegory in heroic couplets by John Dryden. At some 2600 lines it is much the longest of Dryden's poems, translations excepted, and perhaps the most controversial. The critic Margaret Doody has called it "the great, the undeniable, sui generis poem of the Restoration era…It is its own kind of poem, it cannot be repeated (and no one has repeated it)."

Margaret Doody
Margaret Anne Doody (born September 21, 1939) is a Canadian author of historical detective fiction and feminist literary critic. She is professor of literature at the University of Notre Dame, helped found the PhD in Literature Program at Notre Dame, and served as its director from 2001 to 2007.
Snow Hides the Shade of Fig Trees
Snow Hides the Shade of Fig Trees (French: La neige cache l'ombre des figuiers) is a Canadian short drama film, directed by Samer Najari and released in 2009. The film centres on a multilingual group of new immigrants to Canada who are experiencing their first snowfall in the winter.

The cast includes Nelson Bolivar, Nedjim Bouizzoul, José Cuervo, Heylin Darwich, Daniel Deburghgraeve, Mohsen El Gharbi, Juan Hernandez, Salma-Lou Najari, Aliocha Schneider and Niels Schneider.

The film won the AQCC award for Best Short Film (Fiction) at the 2010 Rendez-vous du cinéma québécois, and was a Jutra Award nominee for Best Live Action Short Film at the 12th Jutra Awards.

Niels Schneider
Niels Schneider (French: [nils ʃnɛdɛʁ]; born 18 June 1987) is a French-Canadian actor. He had his breakthrough role in Xavier Dolan's film I Killed My Mother (2009), and gained international recognition in Dolan's Heartbeats (2010). In 2011, he won the Trophée Chopard Award for Male Revelation of the Year at the Cannes Film Festival. In 2017, he won the César Award for Most Promising Actor for his performance in Dark Inclusion (2016). In 2019, he was named a Knight of the Order of Arts and Letters in France. He has been living and working based in Paris for most of his career.
NGC 891
NGC 891 (also known as Caldwell 23, the Silver Sliver Galaxy, and the Outer Limits Galaxy) is an edge-on unbarred spiral galaxy about 30 million light-years away in the constellation Andromeda. It was discovered by William Herschel on October 6, 1784. The galaxy is a member of the NGC 1023 group of galaxies in the Local Supercluster. It has an H II nucleus.

The object is visible in small to moderate size telescopes as a faint elongated smear of light with a dust lane visible in larger apertures.

In 1999, the Hubble Space Telescope imaged NGC 891 in infrared.

In 2005, due to its attractiveness and scientific interest, NGC 891 was selected to be the first light image of the Large Binocular Telescope.
In 2012, it was again used as a first light image of the Lowell Discovery Telescope with the Large Monolithic Imager.

Supernova SN 1986J was discovered on August 21, 1986 at apparent magnitude 14.

First light (astronomy)
In astronomy, first light is the first practical use of a new instrument, typically a telescope to take an astronomical image after it has been constructed. This is often not the first viewing using the telescope because optical tests have likely been performed to adjust the components.
Women of Color Resource Center
The Women of Color Resource Center was founded in 1990 by Linda Burnham and Miriam Ching Yoon Louie, who met at U.N. World Conference on Women in Nairobi, Kenya in 1985. They were joined at the WCRC by Caroline Guilartes, Jung Hee Choi, Angela Davis, Derethia DuVal, Chris Lymbertos, Genevieve Negron-Gonzales, Margo Okazawa-Rey and Cindy Wiesner. Burnham served as its Executive Director for 18 years. It includes five objectives: Women's Human Rights, Popular Education, Welfare, Peace and Justice, and Sisters of Fire.

Linda Burnham served as executive director from 1990 until December 2007, at which point Anisha Desai succeeded her. On February 26, 2010, the Women of Color Resource Center ceased operations.

Margo Okazawa-Rey
Margo Okazawa-Rey (November 26, 1949, Japan) is a Black and Japanese American professor emerita, educator, writer, and social justice activist, who is most known as a founding member of the Combahee River Collective, and for her transnational feminist advocacy.

Through her research and activism, she explores and shares the interconnections between militarism and globalization of the economy, problems within communities of color in the United States and globally, and fights for the security of women worldwide.
Pincum relief
The Pincum relief is a funerary art fragment of an early 2nd century AD Roman marble relief depicting Achilles and Hector of the Trojan cycle of Homer's Iliad. It is unique in the way that it's the only stele depicting this myth found in Upper Moesia.

The relief was found in Veliko Gradište, Serbia (Roman Pincum, Upper Moesia) at the estate of Kosta Marković.

It is made of white coarse-grained marble and depicts Achilles standing with the dead body of Hector, a myth which is seen on numerous Attica sarcophagi. Artistic analogies are a relief from Maria Saal (Virunum, Noricum) and two images from Dunaújváros (Intercisa, Pannonia).

] | [- - - -] XXX Fl(avio,-ae?) Iucu[n(do,-dae?)] |
[- - - -]r et Aeli (i ) ann(orum) |
[- - - -]s et Iucundus | [- - - -]s et Gaia her(edes) |
[- - - -] Gaianus fil(ius) | [- - - -]c
h(ic) s(itus) e(st).

Noricum
Noricum (/ˈnɒrɪkəm/) is the Latin name for the  kingdom or federation of tribes that included most of modern Austria and part of Slovenia. In the first century AD, it became a province of the Roman Empire. Its borders were the Danube to the north, Raetia and Vindelici to the west, Pannonia to the east and south-east, and Italia (Venetia et Histria) to the south. The kingdom was founded around 400 BC, and had its capital at the royal residence at Virunum on the Magdalensberg.
Matilda Case
The Matilda Case involved Matilda, a 20-year-old woman whose father, Missouri planter Larkin Lawrence, claimed to own her as his slave. In 1837, she fled from her master-father in Cincinnati, a city located in the free state of Ohio. Matilda was captured and returned to her master by order of the local courts, based on the Fugitive Slave Act of 1793.

Cincinnati attorney Salmon P. Chase, in alliance with local abolitionist and publisher James G. Birney, acted in her defense. Though unsuccessful in obtaining Matilda's freedom, the arguments Chase advanced formed part of the legal basis for the radical anti-slavery Constitutionalism of the Republican Party that emerged in the 1850s and the Civil War. The Matilda Case "quickly became a turning point in the history of anti-slavery politics" and "the first major abolitionist challenge to fugitive slave recaptures".

Fugitive Slave Act of 1793
The Fugitive Slave Act of 1793 was an Act of the United States Congress to give effect to the Fugitive Slave Clause of the U.S. Constitution (Article IV, Section 2, Clause 3), which was later superseded by the Thirteenth Amendment, and to also give effect to the Extradition Clause (Article 4, Section 2, Clause 2). The Constitution's Fugitive Slave Clause guaranteed a right for a slaveholder to recover an escaped slave. The subsequent Act, "An Act respecting fugitives from justice, and persons escaping from the service of their masters", created the legal mechanism by which that could be accomplished.
Siret Kotka
Siret Kotka (born 27 July 1986) is an Estonian politician and a member of Riigikogu. Born in Viljandi, she represents the Lääne-Virumaa constituency as a member of the Estonian Centre Party.

On September 7, 2013 Kotka was elected to the party's board and later worked as an adviser to Tallinn Deputy Mayor Taavi Aas. In 2014 she was chosen to Riigikogu to replace convicted Ester Tuiksoo. Kotka was elected back to the Riigikogu in the 2015 election with 2,558 personal votes.

Estonian Centre Party
The Estonian Centre Party (Estonian: Eesti Keskerakond, EK) is a populist political party in Estonia. It was founded in 1991 as a direct successor of the Popular Front of Estonia, and it is currently led by Mihhail Kõlvart.
The party was founded on 12 October 1991 from the basis of the Popular Front of Estonia after several parties split from it. At that time, the party was called the People's Centre Party (Rahvakeskerakond) to differentiate from the smaller centre-right Rural Centre Party (Maa-Keskerakond). The party was a member of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe until 14 September 2024.
1985 Norwegian First Division
The 1985 1. divisjon was the 41st completed season of top division football in Norway. The season began on 27 April 1985 and ended on 13 October 1985.

22 games were played with 2 points given for wins and 1 for draws. Number eleven and twelve were relegated. The winners of the two groups of the 2. divisjon were promoted, as well as the winner of a series of play-off matches between the two second-placed teams in the two groups of the 2. divisjon and number ten in the 1. divisjon.

Rosenborg BK won the league after defeating league leader Lillestrøm S.K. 1–0 in the 22nd and final round. The game was attended by 28,569 spectators, which is, as of 2019, still a league record attendance for a single game in the Norwegian top flight.

Tromsø IL
Tromsø Idrettslag (Northern Sami: Romssa Valáštallansearvi) is a Norwegian professional football club based in Tromsø. They play their home games at the Romssa Arena which has a seating capacity of 6,801. Tromsø play in the Eliteserien.

Despite never winning the Eliteserien title, they have finished as runner-up in 1990 and 2011. They have won the Norwegian Cup twice: in 1986 and 1996, and were runner-up in 2012. Their wins make them the northernmost football club in the world to have won a national title. Tromsø has competed in several UEFA competitions: the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, UEFA Intertoto Cup, and UEFA Europa League.
Le Mans Prototype Challenge
The Le Mans Prototype Challenge (shortened to LMP Challenge or LMPC) was a spec sports prototype formula created by the Automobile Club de l'Ouest (ACO), organisers of the 24 Hours of Le Mans, and sports car constructor Oreca. The formula is intended as part of a ladder system for young and upcoming drivers into the world of endurance racing while also serving as a value engineered entry for drivers and teams into Le Mans Prototypes due to limitations on manufacturers and suppliers.

Initially launched as an independent racing series known as the Formula Le Mans Cup in 2009, the formula has since been expanded to allow participation in three separate series for 2010. The American Le Mans Series used the title Le Mans Prototype Challenge since its inception. The Le Mans Series used the name Formula Le Mans until 2011. All ACO series adopted the name Le Mans Prototype Challenge in 2012.

Ladder tournament
A ladder tournament (also known as a ladder competition or pyramid tournament) is a form of tournament for games and sports. Unlike many tournaments, which usually have an element of elimination, ladder competitions can go on indefinitely. In a ladder competition, players are listed as if on the rungs of a ladder. The objective for a player is to reach the highest rung of the ladder.
Matekoraha Te Peehi Jaram
Matekoraha Te Peehi Jaram (27 February 1902–20 September 1978) was a New Zealand weaver, tailor, and community leader. Of Māori descent, she identified with the Ngāti Awa, Ngāti Maru (Taranaki) and Ngāti Pūkeko iwi. She was born in Whiritoa, Thames/Coromandel, New Zealand on 27 February 1902.

Whiritoa
Whiritoa is a small beach town on the Coromandel Peninsula, New Zealand between Whangamatā and Waihi Beach. It has a permanent population in the low hundreds, which swells to over a thousand during the New Year holiday period.

It has a convenience store, a library and a volunteer fire department. The local Surf lifesaving club has a close relationship with the community of regularly holidaying families.

At the north end of the 1.5 km beach is a small lagoon and past this is a short walk to Waimama bay. The lagoon has a cycle of being blocked by sand then being dug out by the council digger or enthusiastic members of the public. At the south end a short bush walk crosses through privately owned land to a blowhole.

The beach itself is popular for surfers as it often features a roaming sandbar or two. The shore is often quite steep meaning the waves are sometimes breaking directly on the sand making it difficult for casual swimmers.
Compson family
The Compson family is a fictional family created by American author William Faulkner for use in his novels and short stories. A once prominent family in Yoknapatawpha County, Mississippi, the family began to fall on hard times in the twentieth century. Principally depicted in The Sound and the Fury and in its appendix, they also make appearances in Absalom, Absalom! and stories such as "That Evening Sun". The family name is also referred to briefly in the opening chapter of Requiem for a Nun. Faulkner traced their genealogy from 1699 to 1945.

That Evening Sun
"That Evening Sun" is a short story by the American author William Faulkner, published in 1931 in the collection These 13, which included Faulkner's most anthologized story, "A Rose for Emily". The story was originally published, in a slightly different form, as "That Evening Sun Go Down" in The American Mercury in March of the same year.

"That Evening Sun" paints a stark portrait of the indifference of white Southerners to the deep-seated fears of one of their African American employees, Nancy. Narrated by Quentin Compson, one of Faulkner's most enduring characters, the story explores the reactions of Quentin and his siblings, Caddy and Jason, as they grapple with an adult world they do not fully comprehend. The African American washerwoman, Nancy Mannigoe, lives in fear that her common-law husband, Jesus, intends to kill her because she is carrying a white man's child.
Sulphur Trestle Fort Site
The Sulphur Trestle Fort Site is a historic Civil War battle site near Elkmont, Alabama.  The fort was the site of the Battle of Sulphur Creek Trestle on September 25, 1864.  After defeating Union Army forces and recapturing Athens, Alabama, Confederate General Nathan Bedford Forrest moved north to attempt to destroy a key railroad trestle.  The trestle was defended by a fortification manned by 1000 Union soldiers.  Forrest's troops easily defeated the Union forces and burned the trestle.  Today, about 400 yards (370 m) of trenches dug around the outside of the fort's parapet remain.  The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.

Athens, Alabama
Athens is a city in and the county seat of Limestone County, in the U.S. state of Alabama; it is included in the Huntsville–Decatur–Albertville combined statistical area. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city is 25,407.
Ariake Junior College of Education and the Arts
Ariake Junior College of Education and the Arts (有明教育芸術短期大学, Ariake Kyōiku Geijutsu Tanki Daigaku) is a junior college in Kōtō, Tokyo, Japan.

It was founded in 2009. The predecessor of the school, Nihon Ongaku Gakko, was founded in 1903.

Junior college
A junior college is a type of post-secondary institution that offers vocational and academic training that is designed to prepare students for either skilled trades and technical occupations or support roles in professions such as engineering, accountancy, business administration, nursing, medicine, architecture, and criminology. Often times, those types of colleges offer two-year associate's degrees that are intended for students that want to later transfer to a college for a four-year bachelor's degree to finish their undergraduate education, pending adequate grades. Students typically attend those types of colleges for one to three years, which is also dependent on the country.
Henry Nathaniel Andrews
Henry Nathaniel Andrews, Jr. (born June 15, 1910, Melrose, Massachusetts; d. March 3, 2002 Concord, New Hampshire) was an American paleobotanist recognized as an expert in plants of the Devonian and Carboniferous periods.  He was a fellow of the Geological Society of America and the American Association for the Advancement of Science and was elected into the U.S. National Academy of Sciences in 1975. He was a professor at the Washington University in St. Louis from 1940 to 1964 and a paleobotanist at the Missouri Botanical Garden 1947 to 1964. From 1964 until his retirement 1975, Andrews worked at the University of Connecticut, where he served as head of the school's Botany department and later as head of the Systematics and Environmental Section.

Melrose, Massachusetts
Melrose is a city located in the Greater Boston metropolitan area in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. Its population as of the 2020 census was 29,817. It is a suburb located approximately seven miles north of Boston. It is situated in the center of the triangle created by Interstates 93, 95 and U.S. Route 1.

The land that comprises Melrose was first settled in 1628 and was once part of Charlestown and then Malden. It became the Town of Melrose in 1850 and then the City of Melrose in 1900.
Idaho Freedom Caucus
The Idaho Freedom Caucus is a legislative caucus of ultra-conservative Republican members in the Idaho legislature that promotes steep spending and tax reductions, limited government power, election reform, and is critical of LGBT+ initiatives. It was affiliated with the State Freedom Caucus Network, modeled after the Freedom Caucus in the U.S. House of Representatives, and has contributed to the rightward shift of the state's legislature since 2022.

In 2024, after in-fighting between the Network's regional leadership and state House caucus members, the Network cut ties with the Caucus, vowing to create a new Freedom Caucus.

Idaho Republican Party
The Idaho Republican Party (IDGOP) is the Idaho state affiliate of the United States Republican Party, headquartered in Boise, Idaho. It is currently the dominant party in the state, controlling both of Idaho's United States House of Representatives seats, both United States Senate seats, the Governor of Idaho, and has supermajorities in both houses of the Idaho Legislature.
Sisters of the Presentation of Mary
The Sisters of the Presentation of Mary (PM) are a religious congregation in the Latin Rite branch of the Catholic Church. It was founded in 1796 at Thueyts in the Ardèche department of south-central France, by Anne-Marie Rivier (1768–1838); originally, the congregation was devoted to the education of young girls.

The international motherhouse was permanently established at Bourg-Saint-Andéol, which is located in the Diocese of Viviers in the Rhône Valley, southern France. As of 2024, the sisters report 850 members ministering in 19 countries in Europe, Africa, Asia, North and South America.

Diocese of Viviers
The Diocese of Viviers (Latin: Dioecesis Vivariensis; French: Diocèse de Viviers [djɔsɛz də vivje]) is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church in France. Erected in the 4th century, the diocese was restored in the Concordat of 1822, and comprises the department of Ardèche, in the Region of Rhône-Alpes. It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Lyon. The city of Viviers is located on the west (left) bank of the Rhône River, just south of the confluence of the River L'Escoulay and the Rhône, about 52 km. north of Orange.
Statue of Margaret Thatcher (London Guildhall)
The  statue of Margaret Thatcher in the Guildhall, London, is a marble sculpture of the former British Prime Minister, Margaret Thatcher. It was commissioned in 1998 by the sculptor Neil Simmons by the Speaker's Advisory Committee on Works of Art; paid for by an anonymous donor, it was intended for a plinth among statues of former Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom in the Members' Lobby of the House of Commons. However, as the House did not permit a statue to be erected there during its subject's lifetime, the work had been temporarily housed in Guildhall.
 It was unveiled there by Lady Thatcher in February 2002.

Guildhall, London
Guildhall is a municipal building in the City of London, England. It is off Gresham and Basinghall streets, in the wards of Bassishaw and Cheap. The current building dates from the 15th century; however documentary evidence suggests that a guildhall had existed at the site since at least the early 12th century. The building has been used as a town hall for several hundred years, and is still the ceremonial and administrative centre of the City of London and its Corporation. It should not be confused with London's City Hall, the administrative centre for Greater London in Canning Town. The term "Guildhall" refers both to the whole building and to its main room, which is a medieval great hall. It is a Grade I-listed building.
Soul Plane
Soul Plane is a 2004 American comedy film directed by Jessy Terrero (in his feature film directorial debut). The film stars a predominantly Black cast, with Kevin Hart, Tom Arnold, Method Man and Snoop Dogg playing lead roles. Supporting actors include Mo'Nique, Loni Love, K. D. Aubert, D. L. Hughley, Godfrey and Sofia Vergara. The film revolves around multiple characters in different scenarios on board an airplane.

Soul Plane received negative reviews from critics and grossed $14 million worldwide, falling short of its $16 million budget.

Loni Love
Loni Love (born July 12, 1971) is an American comedian, television host, actress, author, and former electrical engineer. While working as an electrical engineer in the early 2000s, she switched to music engineering, until later launching a career in stand-up comedy. She was the runner-up on Star Search 2003 and was named among the "Top 10 Comics to Watch" in both Variety and Comedy Central in 2009. She was one of the co-hosts of the syndicated daytime talk show The Real, which ran from July 15, 2013, and ended on June 3, 2022.