hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bangalore Cantonment
The Bangalore Cantonment (1806–1881) was a  cantonment of the British Raj based in the Indian city of Bangalore. The cantonment covered an area of 13 square miles (34 km2), extending from the Residency on the west to Binnamangala on the east and from the Tanneries on Tannery Road in the north to AGRAM (Army Group Royal Artillery Maidan - Maidan meaning Ground) in the south. By area, it was the largest British military cantonment in South India. The British garrison stationed in the cantonment included three artillery batteries, and regiments of the cavalry, infantry, sappers, miners, mounted infantry, supply and transport corps and the Bangalore Rifle Volunteers. The Bangalore Cantonment was directly under the administration of the British Raj, while Bangalore City itself was under the jurisdiction of the Durbar of the Kingdom of Mysore.

Mounted infantry
Mounted infantry were infantry who rode horses instead of marching. Unlike cavalry, mounted infantry dismounted to fight on foot.  The original dragoons were essentially mounted infantry. According to the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911), "Mounted rifles are half cavalry, mounted infantry merely specially mobile infantry." Today, with motor vehicles having replaced horses for military transport, the motorized infantry are in some respects successors to mounted infantry.
Rates (tax)
Rates are a type of property tax system in various countries, and in places with systems deriving from the British one, the proceeds of which are used to fund local government. Some other countries have taxes with a more or less comparable role, like France's taxe d'habitation.

Local Government (Rating) Act 2002
The Local Government (Rating) Act 2002 of New Zealand is an Act of New Zealand's Parliament that empowers Local Government bodies to levy property taxes on property owners within their jurisdictions.  These property taxes are called rates.  They are assessed annually and usually paid in four equal instalments.
Frank Scott Hogg
Frank Scott Hogg (July 26, 1904 – January 1, 1951) was a Canadian astronomer.  Hogg was born in Preston, Ontario to Dr. James Scott Hogg and Ida Barberon. After earning an undergraduate degree from the University of Toronto, Hogg received the second doctorate in astronomy awarded at Harvard University in 1929 where he pioneered in the study of spectrophotometry of stars and of spectra of comets. His supervisor there was Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin. During World War II, he developed a two-star sextant for air navigation.  He was the head of the Department of Astronomy at the University of Toronto and director of the David Dunlap Observatory from 1946 until his death. During this time he pursued the observatory's major research program to study the motions of faint stars in the line of sight. He was married to fellow astronomer Helen Sawyer Hogg from 1930 until his death from a heart attack in 1951. The crater Hogg on the moon is co-named for him and Arthur Robert Hogg.

Hogg (crater)
Hogg is a lunar impact crater on the Moon's far side. It lies less than a crater diameter to the south-southwest of the somewhat larger Kidinnu. This is an old, worn feature with an outer rim that has been eroded to the point where it just forms a rounded crest about the interior. Small craterlets lie along the southern and western rim. The interior has some slight clefts in the surface and a low, crater-like depression in the southern half.
McCarville
McCarville is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Gerry McCarville (born 1955/1956), Irish Gaelic footballer who played for Monaghan

Janel McCarville (born 1982), American basketball player

Krista McCarville (born 1982), Canadian curler

Maureen McCarville (born 1958), American politician in Wisconsin

Mike McCarville, Canadian curler

Paul McCarville (1901–1979), American politician in Iowa

Maureen McCarville
Maureen Ann McCarville (born May 21, 1958) is an American Democratic politician from Dane County, Wisconsin.  She is a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly, and represents Wisconsin's 42nd Assembly district in the 2025–2026 term.  She also currently serves as a member of the Dane County Board of Supervisors, since 2012, and previously served on the village board of DeForest, Wisconsin.

She was also previously known as Maureen Ann Hill and Maureen Ann Hoverson.
Suite No. 1 (Rachmaninoff)
Suite No. 1 in G minor (or Fantaisie-tableaux), Op. 5, is a suite for two pianos written by Sergei Rachmaninoff. The suite was a musical depiction of four poems written in the summer of 1893 at the Lysikof estate in Lebeden, Kharkov. The premiere took place in Moscow, on November 30, 1893, played by Rachmaninoff himself alongside Pavel Pabst. The work was dedicated to Tchaikovsky, who intended to attend the work's premiere, but died five weeks prior. Its four movements alongside their respective poems are as follows:

Rachmaninoff composed a second suite for two pianos in 1901. The Suite No. 1 was arranged for orchestra by Rebekah Harkness.  A 1968 recording by Jorge Mester and the London Philharmonic Orchestra was released in 1994 on Citadel Records.

Jorge Mester
Jorge Mester (born April 10, 1935, Mexico City) is a Mexican conductor of Hungarian ancestry.
He has served as the artistic director for the Orquesta Filarmónica de Boca del Río, Veracruz, since it was founded in 2014.
Sandrine Dixson-Declève
Sandrine Dixson-Declève is an international climate change, sustainable development, sustainable finance and complex systems thought leader. She was co-president of the Club of Rome from 2018 to 2024, and together with Mamphela Ramphele was the first women to lead the organization in its history.

Dixson-Declève is a TED Countdown and TedX speaker and author of numerous publications and book chapters including Earth for all – A survival guide to humanity, published in 2022.

She divides her time between lecturing, facilitating difficult conversations and advising policy and business leaders across the globe. Dixson-Declève has been recognised by GreenBiz as one of the 30 most influential women across the globe driving change in the low-carbon economy and promoting green business.

Low-carbon economy
A low-carbon economy (LCE) is an economy which absorbs as much greenhouse gas as it emits. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions due to human activity are the dominant cause of observed climate change since the mid-20th century. There are many proven approaches for moving to a low-carbon economy, such as encouraging renewable energy transition, energy conservation, and electrification of transportation (e.g. electric vehicles). An example are zero-carbon cities.

Shifting from high-carbon economies to low-carbon economies on a global scale could bring substantial benefits for all countries. It would also contribute to climate change mitigation.
Calvisano
Calvisano (Brescian: Calvisà) is a comune in the Italian province of Brescia, in Lombardy.

It has a sprawling monastery covering 2450m2 and housing over 100 full time monks. Known for its Roman baths, with water from lake Garda. Often attributed as the collection site of holy water.

It is the manufacturing base of Lones Spa, manufacturer of Fly Flot shoes. Agritech is a known fiberglass silos company.

Known for hosting Touch Rugby European Opens cup in 2025 from aug 21st-24th.

Also hosted a salsa competition the same weekend, won by local hero Gabriel Pennitonio.

Eastern Lombard dialects
Eastern Lombard is a group of closely related variants of Lombard, a Gallo-Italic language
 spoken in Lombardy, mainly in the provinces of Bergamo, Brescia and Mantua, in the area around Cremona and in parts of Trentino. Its main variants are Bergamasque and Brescian.

In Italian-speaking contexts, Eastern Lombard is often called as dialetti (lit. 'dialects'), understood to mean not a variety of Italian, but a local language that is part of the Romance languages dialect continuum that pre-dates the establishment of Tuscan-based Italian.

Eastern Lombard and Italian have only limited mutual intelligibility, like many other Romance languages spoken in Italy.

Eastern Lombard does not have any official status either in Lombardy or anywhere else: the only official language in Lombardy is Italian.
Yair Tarchitsky
Yair Tarchitsky (Hebrew: יאיר תרכיצקי; born March 1, 1980) is an Israeli journalist and the Chairman of the Union of Journalists in Israel. He has written and edited for prominent Israeli media outlets including Maariv, Haaretz, Yedioth Ahronot, Globes, Israel Army Radio, Channel 2, and others. He also serves as a member of the directorate of the Israel Press Council.

Israeli Army Radio
Israeli Army Radio (Hebrew: גלי צה"ל, lit. 'IDF waves' ) or Galei Tzahal, known in Israel by its acronym Galatz (גל"צ), is a nationwide state funded Israeli radio network operated by the Israel Defense Forces. The station broadcasts news, music, traffic reports and educational programs to the general public as well as entertainment and military news magazines for soldiers. The network has one main station and an offshoot, Galgalatz (גלגל"צ), that broadcasts (mainly English-language and Hebrew) music and traffic reports 24 hours a day in Hebrew. The staff includes both soldiers and civilians. Until December 2013, it broadcast via shortwave to Europe. There is still a livestream feed on the internet. Following the outbreak of the Gaza war in 2023, it started using the former frequencies of 1287 kHz and 945 kHz to reach bomb shelters and other areas in Israel. The station is set to close in March 2026.
Fumio Itabashi
Fumio Itabashi (板橋 文夫, Itabashi Fumio, born March 8, 1949 in Tochigi) is a Japanese pianist and composer.

Itabashi began playing piano when he was eight years old, and studied music formally at Kunitachi College of Music, where he first started playing jazz. In the 1970s he worked with Terumasa Hino, Takeo Moriyama, and Sadao Watanabe, in addition to leading his own small ensembles. In the 1980s he did several international tours as a sideman with Ray Anderson and Elvin Jones, and in the 1990s worked with Leo Etoh in a traditional Japanese percussion ensemble called Wa Daiko.

In addition to his work in jazz, Itabashi also works as a film score composer, and has done soundtracks for Chinese and Japanese motion pictures.

Tochigi (city)
Tochigi (栃木市, Tochigi-shi) is a city located in Tochigi Prefecture, in the northern Kantō region of Japan. As of 1 June 2023,  the city had an estimated population of 151,842 in 66,018 households, and a population density of 458 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 331.50 square kilometres (127.99 sq mi). Because the city escaped war damage during World War II, many historical temples, traditional shops and kura (Japanese traditional storehouses) remain in the city center. The city was awarded the "Utsukushii-machinami Taisho" prize from the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism in 2009.
Melbourne, Derbyshire
Melbourne (/ˈmɛlbɔːrn/) is a market town and civil parish in South Derbyshire, England.
It was home to Thomas Cook, founder of the eponymous travel agency, and has a street named after him. It is 8 miles (13 km) south of Derby and 2 miles (3 km) from the River Trent. The population of the civil parish at the 2021 Census was 5,264.

Melbourne line
The Melbourne Line was a railway line which ran from Derby to Ashby de la Zouch. It was used by the British Army and Allied engineers during the Second World War from 1939 until late 1944 to prepare them for the invasion of mainland Europe. Engineers practised the demolition and rebuilding of railways and the running and maintenance of a railway line and its rolling stock. There was also a bridge building school at Kings Newton.
Laurence Broderick
Laurence Broderick  FRSA (18 June 1935 – 18 April 2024) was a British sculptor. His best known work is 'The Bull', a public sculpture erected in 2003 at the Bull Ring, Birmingham. The Bull  is about 4.5 meters long, about 220 cm high and weighs about 6.5 tons. It is one of the largest bronze animal sculptures in the country. His work consists largely of figurative carvings in stone and editions in bronze.

Figurative art
Figurative art, sometimes written as figurativism, describes artwork (particularly paintings and sculptures) that is clearly derived from real object sources and so is, by definition, representational. The term is often in contrast to abstract art:

Since the arrival of abstract art the term figurative has been used to refer to any form of modern art that retains strong references to the real world.

Painting and sculpture can therefore be divided into the categories of figurative, representational and abstract, although, strictly speaking, abstract art is derived (or abstracted) from a figurative or other natural source. However, "abstract" is sometimes used as a synonym of non-representational art and non-objective art, i.e. art which has no derivation from figures or objects.

Figurative art is not synonymous with figure painting (art that represents the human figure), although human and animal figures are frequent subjects.
H Block
H Block is an album recorded by various Irish folk artists, and produced by Christy Moore in 1978.

The album's title refers to the "H blocks" at Maze Prison (also known as "Long Kesh") in Northern Ireland, where Irish republican prisoners were held during the Troubles. The subject matter of several of these songs specifically centres on the period of the blanket and dirty protests at Maze and at Armagh Women's Prison. Of the ten tracks, only three are songs with both music and lyrics (Moore's 90 Miles from Dublin plus Hanley's On the Blanket and Brolly's H-Block Song); the other tracks are either instrumentals or spoken-word. The launch of the album was raided by the Special Detective Unit ("Special Branch") of the Republic of Ireland.

Special Detective Unit
The Special Detective Unit (SDU) (Irish: Aonad Speisialta Bleachtaireachta) is the main domestic security agency of the Garda Síochána, the national police force of Ireland, under the aegis of the Crime & Security Branch (CSB). It is the primary counter-terrorism and counter-espionage investigative unit within the state. The Special Detective Unit superseded the Special Branch (which they are still commonly referred to as), which itself replaced the older Criminal Investigation Department (CID), which was founded in 1921. They work in conjunction with the Irish Military Intelligence Service (IMIS) – Ireland's national intelligence service – on internal matters. The unit's headquarters are on Military Road, Kilmainham, Dublin 8.

The Emergency Response Unit (ERU), a specialist armed tactical unit, was a division of the SDU until 2017 when the Special Tactics and Operational Command took over command of the unit.
Tom Robinson (priest)
Christianity portal

Thomas Hugh Robinson CBE QHC (11 June 1934 – 26 August 2007) was Archdeacon of the Army and Deputy Chaplain General to the Forces from 1986 to 1989.

Robinson was born in Murree, educated at Trinity College, Dublin and ordained in 1958. After a curacy at St Clement, Belfast he was Chaplain to the Missions to Seamen in Mombasa from 1961 to 1964. He was Rector of Youghal from 1964 to 1966. He served with the Royal Army Chaplains' Department from 1966 to 1989. He was also an Honorary Chaplain to the Queen from 1985 to 1989; and Team Rector of Cleethorpes from 1990 to 1998.

The Mission to Seafarers
The Mission to Seafarers (formerly The Missions to Seamen) is a Christian welfare charity serving merchant crews around the world. It operates through a global network of chaplains, staff and volunteers and provides practical, emotional and spiritual support through ship visits, drop-in seafarers centres and a range of welfare and emergency support services.
Dapishul, California
Dapishul is a former Pomo settlement in Mendocino County, California, one of a number of Pomo settlements catalogued by Stephen Powers. It was located in Redwood Valley; its precise location was near Mariposa creek and the Russian River on the eastern bank above the flood plain. In the language of the Pomo, "dapishul" means "high sun", referring a location that is cool and shaded by canyon walls, with the sun only visible when it is high in the sky.

Pomoan languages
The Pomoan, or Pomo /ˈpoʊmoʊ/, languages are a small family of seven languages indigenous to northern California spoken by the Pomo people, whose ancestors lived in the valley of the Russian River and the Clear Lake basin. Majority of languages are extinct, and only Kashaya has little more than ten speakers.
Cecil Grigg
Cecil Burkett "Tex" Grigg (February 15, 1891 – September 5, 1968) was an American football player and coach. He played running back for eight seasons in the National Football League (NFL) for the Canton Bulldogs, the Rochester Jeffersons, the New York Giants, and the Frankford Yellow Jackets. He made his professional debut in 1919 with the Bulldogs who were still members of the Ohio League, the direct predecessor to the NFL. Grigg then went on to coach for many years as Jess Neely's backfield coach at Rice.

Rice Owls football
The Rice Owls football program represents Rice University in the sport of American football. The team competes at the NCAA Division I FBS level and compete in the American Athletic Conference. Rice Stadium, built in 1950, hosts the Owls' home football games. Rice has the second-smallest undergraduate enrollment of any FBS member, ahead of only Tulsa.
Adelaide Avenue
Adelaide Avenue is a limited-access road in Canberra, Australian Capital Territory.

The road connects Yarralumla with the Parliament House area.  Adelaide Avenue is a popular tourist route, since Parliament house, The Lodge, the residence of the Australian Prime Minister, and the Royal Australian Mint, can be seen from it. It continues as Yarra Glen to link to the district of Woden.

The far right lane was used as a bus lane until December 2006, but due to the Gungahlin Drive Extension it was changed to a T2 transit lane. The T2 lane was reverted to a bus lane on 14 November 2011 after the completion of the Gungahlin Drive Extension. However a week after the lane was turned back to a bus lane the ACT Liberals and the ACT Greens overturned the decision, resulting in the lane changing to a T2 lane despite the wishes of the Labor party and the Transport Workers Union.

Woden Valley
Woden Valley (/ˈwoʊdɪn/) is a district in the Australian Capital Territory in Australia. The district is subdivided into divisions (suburbs), sections and blocks.

The name of Woden Valley is taken from the name of a nearby homestead owned by James Murray who named the homestead in October 1837 after the Old English god of wisdom, Woden. He named it this as he was to spend his life in the pursuit of wisdom. However, historian Harold Koch considers that the name may have its origins in the Aboriginal word for possum, either wadyan or wadhan, influenced in interpretation by the term known to English speakers of 'Woden'.

In 1964 it was the first satellite city to be built, separate from the district of Canberra Central. It has its own shopping centre, employment opportunities and accommodation with twelve suburbs arranged around the Woden Town Centre. At the 2021 census, the population of the district was 39,279.
Severino Poletto
Severino Poletto (18 March 1933 – 17 December 2022) was an Italian cardinal of the Catholic Church who served as Archbishop of Turin from 1999 to 2010. A bishop since 1980, he was made a cardinal by Pope John Paul II in 2001.

Archdiocese of Turin
The Archdiocese of Turin (Latin: Archidioecesis Taurinensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory of the Catholic Church in Italy.

The diocese of Turin was founded in the 4th century and elevated to the dignity of an archdiocese on 21 May 1515 by Pope Leo X. As a metropolitan archdiocese, it has as suffragan dioceses: Acqui, Alba, Aosta, Asti, Cuneo, Fossano, Ivrea, Mondovì, Pinerolo, Saluzzo and Susa. Its mother church is the Cathedral of Saint John the Baptist.
Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 2009
The Victoria's Secret Fashion Show is an annual fashion show sponsored by Victoria's Secret, a brand of lingerie and sleepwear. Victoria's Secret uses the show to promote and market its goods in high-profile settings. The show features some of the world's leading fashion models, such as current Victoria's Secret Angels Heidi Klum, Alessandra Ambrosio, Miranda Kerr, Doutzen Kroes, and Marisa Miller. Candice Swanepoel, Rosie Huntington-Whiteley, Erin Heatherton, Lindsay Ellingson, and Behati Prinsloo were also featured. Adriana Lima and Karolina Kurkova were absent this year due to their pregnancies. Adriana gave birth to her daughter 4 days before the show and Karolina gave birth to her son 3 weeks before the show.

The 14th fashion show featured some of the new Angels and also the returning Angels. There was a special performance by The Black Eyed Peas, and the show was hosted by Heidi Klum.

Karolína Kurková
Karolína Kurková (Czech pronunciation: [ˈkaroliːna ˈkurkovaː]; born 28 February 1984) is a Czech model known for her work as a former Victoria's Secret Angel and Vogue cover star. Mario Testino praised the "proportions of her body and her face, as well as her energy level", which he said "ma[de] her a model who could fit almost into any moment". Vogue editor Anna Wintour called her the "next supermodel".

In 2007, Kurková was among the world's top-earning models, having earned an estimated $5 million. She placed 6th in the Forbes annual list of the highest-earning models that same year.
Herbert Krolikowski
Herbert Krolikowski (15 March 1924 – 28 November 2012) was an East German diplomat and politician.   At various stages he was a government minister and his country's ambassador to Czechoslovakia.   Because of the way power in the German Democratic Republic was concentrated on the ruling Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED / Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands), Herbert Krolikowski's most important appointment almost certainly came in 1976 when he became one of the 145 members of the Central Committee of the SED (party).

Patriotic Order of Merit
The Patriotic Order of Merit (German: Vaterländischer Verdienstorden, or VVO) was a national award granted annually in the German Democratic Republic (GDR). It was founded in 1954 and was awarded to individuals and institutions for outstanding contributions to the state and society in various areas of life.
Pterorhodin
Pterorhodin is a pteridine pigment found in animals and plants. It has been extracted in melanosomes of tree frogs, butterflies, and plants as a wine red pigment. In lemur tree frogs, pterorhodin allows skin to reflect the sun's heat. Pterorhodin gives pigment color to bristle worms and is found in the iris of multiple bird species including the red-eyed vireo and the common loon.

Agalychnis lemur
Agalychnis lemur, the lemur leaf frog or lemur frog, is a species of frog in the subfamily Phyllomedusinae. It is found in Costa Rica, Panama, and adjacent northwestern Colombia. It is classed as Critically Endangered and threatened by the fungal disease chytridiomycosis.