hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sidney Sherwood
Sidney Sherwood (May 28, 1860 – August 5, 1901) was an American economist. He was a professor of economics at Johns Hopkins University from 1892 to 1901, where he succeeded his teacher Richard T. Ely who had left for the University of Wisconsin–Madison, as head of the political economy program. Although a student of Ely's, Sherwood was one of the early American Marginalists.

Sherwood died at age 41 in his hometown, Ballston, New York.

Marginalism
Marginalism is a theory of economics that attempts to explain the discrepancy in the value of goods and services by reference to their secondary, or marginal, utility. It states that the reason why the price of diamonds is higher than that of water, for example, owes to the greater additional satisfaction of the diamonds over the water. Thus, while the water has greater total utility, the diamond has greater marginal utility.

Although the central concept of marginalism is that of marginal utility, marginalists, following the lead of Alfred Marshall, drew upon the idea of marginal physical productivity in explanation of cost. The neoclassical tradition that emerged from British marginalism abandoned the concept of utility and gave marginal rates of substitution a more fundamental role in analysis. Marginalism is an integral part of mainstream economic theory.
Juan de Silva
Juan de Silva (died April 19, 1616 in Malacca) was a Spanish military commander and governor of the Philippines, from April 1609 until his death on April 19, 1616.

De Silva was a native of Trujillo, Spain, and a knight of the Order of Santiago. He arrived in the Philippines as governor and captain general at Easter, 1609, bring with him five companies of reinforcements for the Spanish military in the colony. He developed a reputation for bravery and determination in his fight with the Dutch in the Far East.

Trujillo, Cáceres
Trujillo (Spanish: [tɾuˈxiʎo] ⓘ) is a municipality located in Extremadura, an autonomous community of Spain in the Province of Cáceres. In 2013 the municipality had 9,086 inhabitants (INE Census, 2013).

Originally settled on a granite knoll, which was readily fortified, Trujillo now extends to the southeast of its original site. Likewise, it lies on the A-5 road route connecting central Spain with the Portuguese border. The old town contains many medieval and renaissance buildings.

It hosts the national cheese festival in early May.
Nepalese 2-rupee coin
The Nepalese two-rupee coin (रु 2) is a low-denomination coin of the Nepalese rupee, primarily used for small transactions or as change in Nepal. Introduced to gradually replace the two-rupee banknote, the coin features national symbols and cultural motifs.

While its use in daily transactions is limited due to its low value, the Rs. 2 coin remains an official part of Nepal's currency system.

Rupee
Rupee (UK: /ˌruːˈpiː/, US: /ˈruːpiː/) is the common name for the currencies of India,  Mauritius, Nepal, Pakistan, Seychelles, and Sri Lanka, and of former currencies of Afghanistan, Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, the United Arab Emirates (as the Gulf rupee), British East Africa, Burma, German East Africa (as Rupie/Rupien), and Tibet. In Indonesia and the Maldives, the unit of currency is known as rupiah and rufiyaa respectively, cognates of the word rupee.

The Indian rupee and Pakistani rupee are subdivided into one hundred paise (singular paisa) or pice. The Nepalese rupee (रू) subdivides into one hundred paisa (singular and plural) or four sukaas. The Mauritian, Seychellois, and Sri Lankan rupees subdivide into 100 cents.
Puskwaskau River
The Puskwaskau River is a short river in Northern Alberta, Canada. It is a tributary of the Smoky River flowing westwards in the Peace River Country. Its waters flow through the Smoky River, Peace River, Slave River, Great Slave Lake and Mackenzie River into the Arctic Ocean.

The name of the river originates from the Cree word for short grass. The Puskwaskau Formation, a stratigraphical unit of the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin, was named for the river.

Cree language
Cree (/kriː/ KREE; also known as Cree–Montagnais–Naskapi) is a dialect continuum of Algonquian languages spoken by approximately 86,475 people across Canada in 2021, from the Northwest Territories to Alberta to Labrador. If considered one language, it is the aboriginal language with the highest number of speakers in Canada. The only region where Cree has any official status is in the Northwest Territories, alongside eight other aboriginal languages. There, Cree is spoken mainly in Fort Smith and Hay River.
Kertapati railway station
Kertapati Station (KPT) is a railway station located in Kemas Rindo, Kertapati, Palembang, South Sumatra, Indonesia. It is operated by the Regional Division III Palembang of Kereta Api Indonesia, and has become the main station of the city. The station is close to the Musi River and Ogan River.

Ogan River
The Ogan River is a river in South Sumatra, Indonesia. It is a tributary of the Musi River in Southern Sumatra. Flowing entirely in the South Sumatra province, it rises in Barisan Mountains (Bukit Barisan) and meanders slowly eastwards to join the Musi at Kertapati, Palembang. The Ogan ranks as the third longest river in South Sumatra (behind Musi and Komering). The river either borders or flows through the regencies of South OKU, OKU, OKI, and Ogan Ilir.

The Ogan and Pegagan tribes lived along the Ogan and its tributaries. Most were peasant or merchant. The river served first as vital transportation artery and communications link. Formed from thick layers of this river's silt deposits, the Ogan River Valley is one of the most fertile agricultural regions of the province.
Susan Wendy Parker
Susan W. Parker is an economist and academic. She is a professor at University of Maryland School of Public Policy where she also serves as the associate director of the Maryland Population Research Center.

Parker's research focuses on education and health in developing countries and the evaluation of programs and public policies, with an emphasis on conditional cash transfer (CCT) programs and targeting. She has conducted projects on the impact of health insurance, standardized test integrity, and mobile banking in underserved populations.

Parker has held editorial positions, including serving as both an Associate Editor and Co-Editor for the Latin American Economic Review. She contributed as a Guest Editor for the Special Issue on The Mexican Economy in Estudios Economicos and has been serving on the board of directors for World Development as well as the Journal of Behavioral Economics for Policy.

Conditional cash transfer
Conditional cash transfer (CCT) programs aim to reduce poverty by making cash transfers conditional upon the receivers' actions. The government (or a charity) only transfers the money to persons who meet certain criteria. These criteria may include enrolling children into public schools, getting regular check-ups at the doctor's office, receiving vaccinations, or the like. CCTs seek to help the current generation in poverty, as well as breaking the cycle of poverty for the next through the development of human capital. Conditional cash transfers could help reduce feminization of poverty.
Hawadax Island
Hawadax Island (Aleut: Hawadax;) is an island in the Rat Islands archipelago of the western Aleutian Islands in the U.S. state of Alaska. The island was formerly known as Rat Island until May 2012 when it was renamed Hawadax Island, which is an Aleut name meaning "entry" and "welcome". The island has a land area of 10.72 square miles (27.8 km2) and no permanent population. It is within the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge.

The former name is the English translation of the name given to the islands by Captain Fyodor Petrovich Litke in 1827 when he visited the Aleutian Islands on a voyage around the world.

The Rat Islands are very earthquake-prone as they are on the boundary of the Pacific and North American tectonic plates. In 1965, there was a major earthquake with the magnitude 8.7 in the Rat Islands.

North American plate
The North American plate is a tectonic plate containing most of North America, Cuba, the Bahamas, extreme northeastern Asia, and parts of Iceland and the Azores. With an area of 76 million km2 (29 million sq mi), it is the Earth's second largest tectonic plate, behind the Pacific plate (which borders the plate to the west).

It extends eastward to the seismically active Mid-Atlantic Ridge at the Azores triple junction plate boundary where it meets the Eurasian plate and Nubian plate.
and westward to the Chersky Range in eastern Siberia. The plate includes both continental and oceanic crust. The interior of the main continental landmass includes an extensive granitic core called a craton. Along most of the edges of this craton are fragments of crustal material called terranes, which are accreted to the craton by tectonic actions over a long span of time. Much of North America west of the Rocky Mountains is composed of such terranes.
Irai Leima
Irai Leima (Manipuri: ꯏꯔꯥꯢ ꯂꯩꯃ) is a goddess in Sanamahism, the indigenous religion of in the northeastern Indian state of Manipur. She is the goddess and the divine female personification of water and aquatic life. She is the consort of Irai Ningthou (literally, king of water). Both are regarded as the divine spirits of water bodies. She is also considered to be in charge of diseases.

Maibi
Maibi are the priestesses of Manipur Kingdom commonly known for performing religious rites. They are considered as shamans as well as midwives. They possess various skills of religious activities and ancient medicinal knowledge.

The male counterpart is a Maiba.
Charles Cozens
Charles Cozens (1784 – August 6, 1863), politician, magistrate, was elected to the House of Assembly representing the district of Conception Bay on the first general election held in Newfoundland in 1832.

Cozens was born at Blandford, Dorset England and immigrated to Newfoundland in the early 19th century. He was a cooper by trade and is accredited with establishing the road from Brigus to Makinsons. Cozens served for only one term at the Newfoundland House of Assembly and did not run in the general election that was held in 1836. He was appointed Stipendiary magistrate for Brigus, a position he held until his death on August 6, 1863.

Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly
The Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly (French: Chambre d'assemblée de Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador) is the unicameral deliberative assembly of the General Assembly of Newfoundland and Labrador of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. It meets in the Confederation Building in St. John's. Bills passed by the assembly are given royal assent by the lieutenant governor of Newfoundland and Labrador, in the name of the Sovereign.

The governing party sits on the left side of the speaker of the House of Assembly as opposed to the traditional right side of the speaker. This tradition dates back to the 1850s as the heaters in the Colonial Building were located on the left side. Thus, the government chose to sit near the heat, and leave the opposition sitting in the cold.
United Left (Ireland)
United Left was a left-wing political party in Ireland founded in 2013. The founders were TDs Clare Daly and Joan Collins, who had been elected at the 2011 election as members of the Socialist Party and People Before Profit Alliance respectively. United Left was added to the official register of political parties in May 2013. Its registered officers were Daly, Collins, Declan Bree of Sligo County Council and Pat Dunne of Dublin City Council, all formerly of the United Left Alliance. As of December 2015, it is no longer a registered political party.

Declan Bree
Declan Bree (born 1 July 1951) is an Irish independent politician. He was a founder of the Sligo–Leitrim Independent Socialist Organisation in 1974, and was a member of that group until joining the Labour Party in 1991. He served in Dáil Éireann from 1992 to 1997. In May 2007 Bree resigned from the Labour Party, citing his disagreement with their pre-electoral pact with Fine Gael, and his clashes with party leader Pat Rabbitte.
Aspilanta viticordifoliella
Aspilanta viticordifoliella is a species of moth in the  family Heliozelidae. It is found in eastern North America. 
The larvae are leaf miners that feed on Virginia creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia), false Virginia creeper (Parthenocissus vitacea), and frost grape (Vitis vulpina).

Vitis vulpina
Vitis vulpina (with common names frost grape, winter grape, fox grape, and wild grape) is a North American species of herbaceous perennial vines in the grape family. It is widespread across most of the eastern and central United States as well as the Canadian Province of Ontario.

The genus name Vitis comes from the Latin word for "vine" and the species name vulpina comes from the Latin word for "fox-like" or belonging to a fox. It is believed that foxes were attracted to this type of grapevine, and Linnaeus used the term vulpina to differentiate these smaller wild grapes from the other American known grapes. The more common name, frost grape, refers to the fact that this otherwise acidic/tart-tasting grape becomes more desirable and sweet once it is exposed to a frost. Vitis vulpina is a high-climbing woody vine with a thick trunk and red tendrils. The grapes and the vine itself have many uses ranging from herbal remedies to edible delicacies.
The Planet (film)
The Planet is a Swedish documentary film on environmental issues, released in 2006. The film was made by Michael Stenberg, Johan Söderberg and Linus Torell for the big screen and was shot in English to reach an international audience. It includes interviews with 29 environmental scientists and experts including Stephen Peake,  Herman Daly, Lester Brown, Gretchen Daily, Mathis Wackernagel, Norman Myers, Jill Jäger, George Monbiot, Robert Costanza, Will Steffen, and Jared Diamond.

At 8 pm GMT on 21 March 2007, as part of the OXDOX:MK documentary film festival, it became the first-ever simultaneous round the world screening of a film. After the screening, a panel of leading environmental experts answered questions from around the world from the Berrill Lecture Theatre at The Open University, England.

Robert Costanza
Robert Costanza (born September 14, 1950) is an American/Australian ecological economist and Professor at the UCL Institute for Global Prosperity, University College London. He is a Fellow of the Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia and a Full Member of the Club of Rome.
Acanthopteroctetidae
Acanthopteroctetidae is a small family of moths with two described genera, Acanthopteroctetes and Catapterix, a total of seven described species, and two undescribed species. They are known as the archaic sun moths.

The Acanthopteroctetidae have been classified as the sole family in the superfamily Acanthopteroctetoidea and the infraorder Acanthoctesia; however, based on molecular phylogenetic evidence, they may instead be classified in the superfamily Neopseustoidea, together with the Neopseustidae and Aenigmatineidae.: 675, 681

Ribes
Ribes (/ˈraɪbiːz/) is a genus of approximately 200 known species of flowering plants, predominantly native to the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Ribes is the sole genus in the plant family Grossulariaceae. The genus includes species commonly referred to as redcurrants, blackcurrants, whitecurrants, and gooseberries. Several species are cultivated both for their edible fruit and as ornamental plants in horticulture. Notably, Ribes are also alternate hosts for white pine blister rust, a fungal pathogen predominantly impacting five-needle pines.
Contention of the bards
The contention of the bards (Irish: Iomarbhágh na bhFileadh) was a literary controversy of early 17th century Gaelic Ireland, lasting from 1616 to 1624, probably peaking in 1617. The principal bardic poets of the country wrote polemical verses against each other and in support of their respective patrons.

There were 30 contributions to the Contention, which took the form of a bitter debate over the relative merits of the two halves of Ireland: the north, dominated by the Eremonian descendants of the Milesians, and the south, dominated by the Eberian descendants.

The verses were first published in print in two volumes produced by the Irish Texts Society in 1918 edited by Lambert McKenna who acknowledged the significant contribution of Eleanor Knott to the accompanying translations.

Eleanor Knott
Eleanor Marie Knott MRIA (born Philippa Marie Eleanor Knott; 18 November 1886 – 4 January 1975) was an Irish scholar, academic and lexicographer, as well as one of the first women elected to the Royal Irish Academy.
Box Me Up
"Box Me Up" is a song by American rapper BigXthaPlug featuring American singer Jelly Roll. It was released on August 22, 2025, from the former's third studio album I Hope You're Happy, with an accompanying music video. The song was produced by Aldae, James Gutch, the Monsters & Strangerz and Stavros Tsarouhas.

Jelly Roll (singer)
Jason Bradley DeFord (born December 4, 1984), known professionally as Jelly Roll (originally stylized as JellyRoll), is an American rapper, singer, and songwriter. Beginning his music career in 2003, he rose to mainstream prominence following the release of his 2022 singles "Son of a Sinner" and "Need a Favor".

"Son of a Sinner" won three CMT Music Awards in 2023. That same year, he won the award for New Artist at the CMA Awards, and was also nominated for the Best New Artist award at the 66th Annual Grammy Awards. At the 2026 Grammys, he won three awards for Best Country Duo/Group Performance with Shaboozey, Best Contemporary Christian Music Performance/Song with Brandon Lake and Best Contemporary Country Album for his tenth studio album, Beautifully Broken.
1994 NCAA Division III women's basketball tournament
The 1994 NCAA Division III women's basketball tournament was the 13th annual tournament hosted by the NCAA to determine the national champion of Division III women's collegiate basketball in the United States.

Capital defeated Washington University in St. Louis in the championship game, 82–63, to claim the Crusaders' first Division III national title.

The championship rounds were hosted by the University of Wisconsin–Eau Claire in Eau Claire, Wisconsin.

University of Wisconsin–Eau Claire
The University of Wisconsin–Eau Claire (UW–Eau Claire, UWEC or simply Eau Claire) is a public university in Eau Claire, Wisconsin, United States. It is part of the University of Wisconsin System and offers bachelor's and master's degrees. As of 2024, the university had an enrollment of approximately 9,500 students.

The campus consists of 28 major buildings spanning 333 acres (135 ha). An additional 168 acres (68 ha) of forested land is used for environmental research. UWEC is situated on the Chippewa River.

The university is affiliated with the NCAA's Division III and the Wisconsin Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (WIAC). The student body's mascot is Blu the Blugold.
Burmese trout
The Burmese trout (Raiamas guttatus) is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Raiamas.

They are found in the Irrawaddy, Mekong, Chao Phraya, Salween River basins and also in the northern Malay Peninsula.

Mekong
The Mekong or Mekong River (UK: /miːˈkɒŋ/ mee-KONG, US: /ˌmeɪˈkɔːŋ/ may-KAWNG) is a transboundary river in East Asia and Southeast Asia. It is the world's twelfth-longest river and the third-longest in Asia with an estimated length of 4,909 km (3,050 mi) and a drainage area of 795,000 km2 (307,000 sq mi), discharging 475 km3 (114 cu mi) of water annually. From its headwaters in the Tibetan Plateau, the river runs through Southwest China (where it is officially called the Lancang River), Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, and southern Vietnam. The extreme seasonal variations in flow and the presence of rapids and waterfalls in the Mekong make navigation difficult, though the river remains a major trade route between Tibet and Southeast Asia. The construction of hydroelectric dams along the Mekong in the 2000s through the 2020s has caused serious problems for the river's ecosystem, including the exacerbation of drought.
Gayle Thompson
Gayle Robert Thompson (December 12, 1938 – August 13, 2025) was an American rower. He competed in the men's eight event at the 1960 Summer Olympics.

Thompson died on August 13, 2025 in Nokomis, Florida, at the age of 86.

Rowing at the 1960 Summer Olympics – Men's eight
The men's eight competition at the 1960 Summer Olympics took place at took place at Lake Albano, Italy. It was held from 31 August to 3 September. There were 14 boats (126 competitors) from 14 nations, with each nation limited to a single boat in the event. The event was won by the United Team of Germany in that combined team's debut; it was the first medal for any German team since the 1936 Games in Berlin and first-ever gold medal in the event for a German team. Canada repeated as silver medalists. Czechoslovakia won its first men's eight medal with a bronze. The United States, which had won the last eight times the event was held (from 1920 to 1956) and all ten times the nation had appeared before, lost for the first time—finishing fifth, off the podium entirely, despite being among the contenders once again.
Mediterranean 1901–02 (battle honour)
Mediterranean 1901–02 was a battle honour awarded to the following Militia battalions of the British Army for their service during the Second Boer War of 1899–1902, when they performed garrison duty in the Mediterranean, relieving regular Army battalions for active service:

3rd (2nd West York Militia) Battalion, West Yorkshire Regiment

3rd (1st West York Militia) Battalion, King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry

Personnel of these battalions were awarded the Queen's Mediterranean Medal.

This should not be confused with the award Mediterranean which was awarded for service in the Crimean War and was also held by the 3rd West Yorkshires.

This award was rescinded in 1910 when the Militia (now Special Reserve) battalions assumed the same honours as their parent regiments.

Queen's Mediterranean Medal
The Queen's Mediterranean Medal was a British campaign medal authorised by King Edward VII.  It was awarded to Militia troops who had replaced their regular British Army counterparts in the various military garrisons across the Mediterranean, in Gibraltar, Malta and Egypt.  This allowed regular troops to be available for the Second Boer War.

Troops on the island of St. Helena who guarded Boer prisoners of war in the POW camp were awarded the Queen's South Africa Medal without clasp.

The medal and ribbon are identical to the Queen's South Africa Medal 1899-1902 except the inscription 'SOUTH AFRICA' has been replaced by the word 'MEDITERRANEAN' on the reverse of the medal. No clasps were awarded. The recipient's name and details were impressed on the rim of the medal.