hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Saransky Uyezd
Saransky Uyezd (Саранский уезд) was one of the subdivisions of the Penza Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the eastern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Saransk. In terms of present-day administrative borders, the territory of Saransky Uyezd is divided between the Bolshebereznikovsky, Chamzinsky, Ichalkovsky, Kochkurovsky, Lyambirsky, Romodanovsky and Ruzayevsky districts and the city of Saransk of Mordovia and Luninsky District of Penza Oblast.

Bolshebereznikovsky District
Bolshebereznikovsky District (Russian: Большеберезнико́вский райо́н; Erzya: Покш Килейбуе, Pokš Kilejbuje; Moksha: Оцю Келунонь аймак, Otsü Kelunoń ajmak) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-two in the Republic of Mordovia, Russia. It is located in the southeast of the republic. The area of the district is 957.7 square kilometers (369.8 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Bolshiye Berezniki. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 14,072, with the population of Bolshiye Berezniki accounting for 45.4% of that number.
The Tinted Venus
The Tinted Venus is a 1921 British silent fantasy film directed by Cecil Hepworth and starring Alma Taylor, George Dewhurst and Maud Cressall.

The Tinted Venus is based on the 1885 novella by F. Anstey (pseudonym of Thomas Anstey Guthrie), in which a statue of Venus becomes human and responds to social mores and repressed sexuality in Victorian England.  The novella is also the basis for the 1941 stage musical fantasy, One Touch of Venus, by composer Kurt Weill, with book by S. J. Perelman and Ogden Nash, and lyrics by Nash.  A 1948 film, One Touch of Venus, is based on Guthrie's book and the musical.

Ogden Nash
Frederic Ogden Nash (August 19, 1902 – May 19, 1971) was an American poet well known for his light verse, of which he wrote more than 500 pieces. With his unconventional rhyming schemes, he was declared by The New York Times to be the country's best-known producer of humorous poetry.
Richardson extrapolation
In numerical analysis, Richardson extrapolation is a  method used to estimate some value  if the truncation error is known to have a (possibly 1-sided) power-series expansion at . 
The method is most often applied as a sequence acceleration method to improve the rate of convergence of iterative methods.
It is named after Lewis Fry Richardson, who introduced the technique in the early 20th century, though a form of the idea was already known to Christiaan Huygens in the 17th century and used  his calculation of .
Practical applications of Richardson extrapolation include Romberg integration, which applies Richardson extrapolation to the trapezoid rule, and the Bulirsch–Stoer algorithm for solving ordinary differential equations.
In the words of Birkhoff and Rota, "its usefulness for practical computations can hardly be overestimated."

Gian-Carlo Rota
Gian-Carlo Rota (April 27, 1932 – April 18, 1999) was an Italian-American mathematician and philosopher. He spent most of his career at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he worked in combinatorics, functional analysis, probability theory, and phenomenology.
Custer (surname)
Custer is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bob Custer (1898–1974), American film actor

Boston Custer (1848–1876), brother of George Armstrong Custer

Clayton Custer (born 1995), American basketball player

Cole Custer (born 1998), American racing driver

Elizabeth Bacon Custer (1842–1933), wife of George Armstrong Custer

George Armstrong Custer (1839–1876), American Civil War general

Omer N. Custer (1873–1942), American politician

Thomas Custer (1845–1876), brother of George Armstrong Custer, two-time recipient of the U.S. Army Medal of Honor

Willard Ray Custer (1899–1985), inventor of channel wing airfoils

Cole Custer
Cole Matthew Custer (born January 23, 1998) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He competes full-time in the NASCAR Cup Series, driving the No. 41 Chevrolet Camaro ZL1 for Haas Factory Team and part-time in the NASCAR O'Reilly Auto Parts Series, driving the No. 0 Chevrolet Camaro SS for SS-Green Light Racing with BRK Racing. He is the son of Joe Custer, the team president of HFT. He is the 2023 NASCAR Xfinity Series champion.
The Only Way Is Essex series 34
The 34th series of the British reality television programme The Only Way Is Essex began airing on 23 February 2025 on ITVBe and concluded on 4 May 2025. Filming began in January 2025, with several of the episodes being filmed in Bali. All cast members from the previous series returned. Love Island finalist Matilda Draper joined the cast for the series. Elma Pazar and Sammy Root appeared in fewer episodes due to their appearance on the second series of Love Island: All Stars.  This was the last series to feature on ITVBe before returning to ITV2 later that year.

ITV2
ITV2 is a British free-to-air public broadcast television channel owned by ITV plc. It was launched on 7 December 1998. For a number of years, it had the largest audience share after the five analogue terrestrial stations, a claim now held by its sister service ITV3 both of which are freely available to a majority of households.

The channel is primarily aimed at the 16–34 age group, similar to BBC Three and E4, and is known for American programming such as adult animations Family Guy, American Dad! and Bob's Burgers; repeats of recently aired episodes of soap operas and other entertainment programming from ITV such as Coronation Street, Emmerdale and Catchphrase; original comedy such as Celebrity Juice and Plebs; and reality formats such as Big Brother and Love Island.
Cockburn (surname)
Cockburn (/ˈkoʊbərn/ KOH-bərn, Scots: [ˈkobʌɾn]) is a Scottish surname that originated in the Borders region of the Scottish Lowlands. In the United States most branches of the same family have adopted the simplified spelling 'Coburn'; other branches have altered the name slightly to 'Cogburn'. The French branch of the family uses the spelling 'de Cockborne', with the middle "ck" being pronounced.

Cogburn
Cogburn is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Cameron Cogburn (born 1986), American cyclist

Max O. Cogburn Jr. (born 1951), American judge

Fictional characters:

Rooster Cogburn (character)

Rooster Cogburn (film)
G-Cat 5.7
The G-Cat 5.7 is an American catamaran sailing dinghy that was designed by Hans Geissler as a one-design racer and first built in 1980.

The G-Cat 5.7 design was developed from the two-foot shorter 1976 G-Cat 5.0.

One-design racing
One-design racing is a racing method which may be adopted in sports using complex equipment, whereby all vehicles have identical or very similar designs or models, avoiding the need for a handicap system.
Comité des forges
The Comité des forges (French pronunciation: [kɔmite de fɔʁʒ], Foundry Committee) was an organization of leaders of the French iron and steel industry from 1864 to 1940, when it was dissolved by the Vichy government.
It typically took a protectionist attitude on trade issues, and was opposed to social legislation that would increase costs.
At times it was influential, particularly during World War I (1914–18), and the Left often viewed it with justified suspicion.
However the Comité des forges always suffered from divisions among its members, and the government often ignored its advice.

Government of Vichy France
The Government of Vichy France was the collaborationist ruling regime or government in Nazi-occupied France during the Second World War. Of contested legitimacy, it was finally headquartered in the town of Vichy in occupied France, but it initially took shape in Bordeaux under Marshal Philippe Pétain as the successor to the French Third Republic in June 1940. The government remained in Vichy for four years, but was escorted to Germany in September 1944 after the Allied invasion of France. It then operated as a government-in-exile until April 1945, when the Sigmaringen enclave was taken by so-called Free French forces. Pétain was permitted to travel back to France (through Switzerland), by then under control of the technically illegal Provisional French Republic, and subsequently put on trial for treason.
Bagrat VI
Bagrat VI (Georgian: ბაგრატ VI; c. 1435 – 1478), a representative of the Imeretian branch of the Bagrationi dynasty, was a king (mepe) of Imereti (as Bagrat II) from 1463, and a king of Georgia from 1466 until his death.

Kutaisi
Kutaisi (/kuːˈtaɪsiː/ koo-TY-see; Georgian: ქუთაისი pronounced [ˈkʰut̪ʰais̪i] ⓘ) is a city in the Imereti region of the Republic of Georgia. One of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, it is the 3rd-largest city in Georgia after Tbilisi and Batumi with a population of 123,000 as of 2025. It lies 221 kilometres (137 miles) west of Tbilisi, on the Rioni River, and is the capital of Imereti.

Historically one of the major cities of Georgia, it served as the political center of Colchis in the Middle Ages as the capital of the Kingdom of Abkhazia and Kingdom of Georgia and later as the capital of the Kingdom of Imereti. From October 2012 to December 2018, Kutaisi was the seat of the Parliament of Georgia as an effort to decentralize the Georgian government.
Loganathan Arumugam
Dato’ Loganathan Arumugam (15 July 1953 – 4 June 2007), better known as Loga, was a Malaysian musician and singer who was one of the founding members of the band Alleycats. Loga was one of the lead singers of Alleycats along with his elder brother David. Dato Loganathan Arumugam died from lung cancer at the Mount Miriam Hospital on 4 June 2007. He left behind 2 children, Vigneshwaran Loganathan and Priyadashini Loganathan, and his wife, Susan Lovie. Datuk Loganathan Arumugam was conferred the Darjah Indera Mahkota Pahang (DIMP) award which carries the title of "Dato" in conjunction with Sultan Ahmad Shah of Pahang's 78th birthday on 24 October 2008.

Malay styles and titles
The Malay language has a complex system of styles, titles and honorifics which are used extensively in Brunei Darussalam, Malaysia and Singapore.

Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore, few provinces in the Philippines and several provinces in Indonesia regularly award honorary and life titles. What follows in this article is specific to the Malaysian system. References to Brunei and Indonesia are given when pertinent.

In Malaysia, all non-hereditary titles can be granted to both men and women. Every title has a form of address which can be used by the wife of the title holder. This form is not used by the husband of a titled woman; such a woman will bear a title which is the same as a titled man.
Gunura
Gunura was a Mesopotamian goddess, best known as a daughter and member of the entourage of the medicine goddess Ninisina. She was also associated with other similar goddesses, Gula and Nintinugga. Her original cult center is unknown, though she was worshiped in Isin, Nippur, Ur, Babylon and Assur. She is attested in a number of laments, in which she mourns the death of her brother Damu, and in a narrative about a journey of her mother Ninisina to Nippur.

Old Babylonian Empire
The Old Babylonian Empire, or First Babylonian Empire, is dated to c. 1894–1595 BC, and comes after the end of Sumerian power with the destruction of the Third Dynasty of Ur, and the subsequent Isin-Larsa period. The chronology of the first dynasty of Babylonia is debated; there is a Babylonian King List A and also a Babylonian King List B, with generally longer regnal lengths. In this chronology, the regnal years of List A are used due to their wide usage.
Planet Colors
Planet Colors is the seventh studio album by Swiss singer DJ BoBo, released in 2001. Three singles were released from the album during the same year: "What a Feeling", "Hard to Say I'm Sorry" and "Colors of Life".

The first single from the album, "What a Feeling", features American singer Irene Cara and is a cover version of her 1983 song "Flashdance... What a Feeling". It was chosen to be on the album in an online poll on DJ BoBo's official website in May 2000, in which fans were asked which successful 1980s song they would like to be covered for his new album. The single reached No. 2 in Switzerland and No. 3 in Germany. The other two singles failed to enter the top ten in both countries.

Open-access poll
An open-access poll is a type of opinion poll in which a nonprobability sample of participants self-select into participation. The term includes call-in, mail-in, and some online polls.

The most common examples of open-access polls ask people to phone a number, click a voting option on a website, or return a coupon cut from a newspaper. By contrast, professional polling companies use a variety of techniques to attempt to ensure that the polls they conduct are representative, reliable and scientific. The most glaring difference between an open-access poll and a scientific poll is that scientific polls typically randomly select their samples and sometimes use statistical weights to make them representative of the target population.
Bujniczki
Bujniczki [bui̯ˈnit͡ʂki] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gorzkowice, within Piotrków County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) east of Gorzkowice, 21 km (13 mi) south of Piotrków Trybunalski, and 64 km (40 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

Piotrków County
Piotrków County (Polish: powiat piotrkowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999 as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Piotrków Trybunalski, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The only towns in Piotrków County are Sulejów, which lies 15 km (9 mi) east of Piotrków Trybunalski, and Wolbórz (classed as a town since 1 January 2011).

The county covers an area of 1,429.12 square kilometres (551.8 sq mi). In 2006, its total population was 90,227, made up of 6,387 in Sulejów and a rural population of 83,840.
Water polo at the 2025 World Aquatics Championships – Women's tournament
The women's water polo tournament at the 2025 World Aquatics Championships was held from 11 to 23 July 2025. This was the 18th time that the women's water polo tournament has been played since the first edition in 1986. United States are the defending champions, having beaten Hungary in Doha 2024.

Greece won their second title by defeating Hungary in the final.

Canada women's national water polo team
The Canada women's national water polo team (French: Équipe féminine de water-polo du Canada) represents Canada in women's international water polo competitions and friendly matches. The team is overseen by Water Polo Canada, a member of the Fédération Internationale de Natation (FINA). In 1981 the team claimed its first international prize, winning the FINA Water Polo World Cup.
Joop Hartog
"Joop" (Joost) Hartog (born June 29, 1946, in Sliedrecht, the Netherlands) is a Dutch economist and an Emeritus Professor of Economics at the University of Amsterdam. He ranks among the most important Dutch labour economists and was elected to be a member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (2001) and the Royal Holland Society of Sciences and Humanities. The Joop Hartog Dissertation Prize, a bi-annual prize for the best Ph.D. thesis defended at the University of Amsterdam's Faculty of Economics and Business, is named after Hartog.

Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
The Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (Dutch: Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, abbr. KNAW) is an organization dedicated to the advancement of science and literature in the Netherlands. The academy is housed in the Trippenhuis in Amsterdam.

In addition to various advisory and administrative functions it operates a number of research institutes and awards many prizes, including the Lorentz Medal in theoretical physics, the Dr Hendrik Muller Prize for Behavioural and Social Science and the Heineken Prizes.
Bookbreaking
Bookbreaking is the practice of removing pages (especially those containing maps or illustrations) from books, especially from rare books.

The term is not usually used to refer to outright theft, where the bookbreaker does not own the book in question. There have been many cases of theft of illustrations—especially maps—from rare books in libraries.

Map
A map is a symbolic depiction of interrelationships, commonly spatial, between things within a space. A map may be annotated with text and graphics. Like any graphic, a map may be fixed to paper or other durable media, or may be displayed on a transitory medium such as a computer screen. Some maps change interactively. Although maps are commonly used to depict geographic elements, they may represent any space, real or fictional. The subject being mapped may be two-dimensional such as Earth's surface, three-dimensional such as Earth's interior, or from an abstract space of any dimension.

Maps of geographic territory have a very long tradition and have existed from ancient times. The word "map" comes from the medieval Latin: Mappa mundi, wherein mappa meant 'napkin' or 'cloth' and mundi 'of the world'. Thus, "map" became a shortened term referring to a flat representation of Earth's surface.
Lu Jianying
Lu Jianying (Chinese: 陸建瀛; 1776 – 19 March 1853) was the Viceroy of Liangjiang from early 1849 until early 1853. When the Taiping Rebellion army occupied Nanjing on 19 March, Lu Jianying was killed by the Taiping. Lu was the second to be killed (the first was the Viceroy of Huguang in early 1853) and a few of the highest rank governors killed in action in the Qing dynasty. When Beijing knew of Lu's death and the loss of Nanjing, they chose to impeach Lu in order to place the blame on him, saying he was incapable of commanding the battle.

Viceroy of Huguang
The Viceroy of Huguang, fully in Chinese as the Governor-General of Hubei, Hunan and Other Local Areas, in Charge of Military Affairs, Food and Wages and Governor Affairs, was one of eight regional Viceroys during the Qing dynasty. The Viceroy of Huguang had jurisdiction of military, civil, and political affairs over then Hubei Province and then Hunan Province (approx. nowadays Hubei and Hunan).
Khuchni
Khuchni (Russian: Хучни, Tabassaran: Хючна) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Tabasaransky District of the Republic of Dagestan, Russia. Population:  3,232 (2010 Census); 3,397 (2002 Census); 3,991 (1989 Soviet census).

Tabasaran language
Tabasaran (also written Tabassaran) is a Northeast Caucasian language of the Lezgic branch. It is spoken by the Tabasaran people in the southern part of the Russian Republic of Dagestan. There are two main dialects: North (Khanag) and South Tabasaran. It has a literary language based on the Southern dialect, one of the official languages of Dagestan.

Tabasaran is an ergative language. The verb system is relatively simple; verbs agree with the subject in number, person and (in North Tabasaran) class. North Tabasaran has two noun classes (that is, grammatical gender), whereas Southern Tabasaran lacks noun classes / gender.
Free Flying Soul
Free Flying Soul is the ninth studio release, and eighth full-length album, from alternative rock band the Choir, released in 1996. It earned the band its first industry recognition with a GMA Dove Award win.

Norman Jean Roy
Norman Jean Roy (born 1969) is a Canadian born portrait photographer. Roy is best known for his portraits of celebrities, socialites and personalities. His portraits have appeared on the covers and pages of Vogue, Vanity Fair, GQ, Allure, Harper's Bazaar, and Rolling Stone.
Dalby Group
The Dalby Group is a Silurian lithostratigraphic group (a sequence of rock strata) on the west coast of the Isle of Man in the Irish Sea. The name is derived from the village of Dalby near the west coast of the island. Together with those of the adjoining Manx Group, the rocks of the Group have also previously been referred to as the Manx Slates or Manx Slate Series. The group comprises wacke sandstones with siltstones and mudstones which reach a thickness of about 1200m in the west of the island. It contains only the single Niarbyl Formation which is exposed along the coast between Niarbyl Point and the town of Peel to the north.

Stratum
In geology and related fields, a stratum (pl.: strata) is a layer of rock or sediment characterized by certain lithologic properties or attributes that distinguish it from adjacent layers from which it is separated by visible surfaces known as either bedding surfaces or bedding planes. Prior to the publication of the International Stratigraphic Guide, older publications have defined a stratum as being either equivalent to a single bed or composed of a number of beds; as a layer greater than 1 cm in thickness and constituting a part of a bed; or a general term that includes both bed and lamina. Related terms are substrate and substratum (pl.substrata), a stratum underlying another stratum.
Logan Masters
Logan Masters (born c. 1987) is an American college football coach. He is the head football coach for Wayne State College, a position he has held since 2022. He also coached for Central Missouri and Chadron State. He played college football for Wayne State (NE) as a wide receiver.

Chadron State Eagles
The Chadron State Eagles are the athletic teams that represent Chadron State College, located in Chadron, Nebraska, in NCAA Division II intercollegiate sports. The Eagles compete as members of the Rocky Mountain Athletic Conference for all 14 varsity sports.
WRFF
WRFF (104.5 MHz, "ALT 104-5") is a commercial FM radio station in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The station is owned by iHeartMedia, and broadcasts an alternative rock radio format. The studios are in Bala Cynwyd.

WRFF has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 11,500 watts.  The transmitter tower is in the Roxborough section of Philadelphia at (40°2′30.9″N 75°14′21.9″W﻿ / ﻿40.041917°N 75.239417°W﻿ / 40.041917; -75.239417).  WRFF broadcasts using HD Radio technology.  The HD-2 digital subchannel carries the sports radio format of sister station WDAS 1480 AM "The Gambler".

Roxborough, Philadelphia
Roxborough is a neighborhood in Northwest Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. It is bordered to the southwest, along the Schuylkill River, by the neighborhood of Manayunk, along the northeast by the Wissahickon Creek section of Fairmount Park, and to the southeast by the neighborhood of East Falls. Beyond Roxborough to the northwest is Montgomery County. Roxborough's ZIP Code is 19128. Most of Roxborough is in Philadelphia's 21st Ward.
Yang Ya-che
Yang Ya-che (Chinese: 楊雅喆; pinyin: Yáng Yǎché; born 17 July 1971) is a Taiwanese film and television director and screenwriter. He was nominated for the Taipei Golden Horse Awards for Best Director two times, for Girlfriend, Boyfriend (女朋友·男朋友) in 2012 and The Bold, the Corrupt, and the Beautiful (血觀音) in 2017.

Golden Horse Award for Best Director
The Golden Horse Award for Best Director (Chinese: 金馬獎最佳導演) is presented annually at Taiwan's Golden Horse Film Awards.

Taiwanese directors Li Hsing and Hou Hsiao-hsien, along with Hong Kong directors Ann Hui and Johnnie To, share the record for the most wins in this category, with three each. Hou, To, and Malaysian director Tsai Ming-liang hold the record for the most nominations, with eight.
Nykøbing Sjælland
Nykøbing, often referred to as Nykøbing Sjælland or Nykøbing Sj to distinguish it from Nykøbing F and Nykøbing M,  is a seaside town in Denmark, located in Odsherred on  the northwestern part of Zealand. Located on the Isefjord, it has a population of 5,016 (1 January 2025). It is located in Odsherred municipality which is part of Region Sjælland. The town is a popular seaside resort.

Nykøbing Mors
Nykøbing Mors is the largest town on the island of Mors in the Limfjord in Denmark. The town received its charter in 1299 and has a population of 8,859, as of 1 January 2025. It is located in Morsø Municipality and belongs to Region Nordjylland.