hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cliff Jetmore
Clifford Norman Jetmore (May 14, 1896 – ) was an American football player.

Jetmore was born in 1895 in New Dunkirk, Indiana.

He reportedly played college football in Michigan. He played professional football for the Fort Wayne Friars in 1917, and thereafter for the Pitcairn Quakers. According to one account, he was responsible for Pitcairn winning the Pennsylvania state championship. He also worked as a glass worker. In 1922, he coached the football team at Muncie High School. In 1923, he was hired as a player and coach of the Wayne Tank and Pump Company football team. He also played one game of professional football as a halfback for the Toledo Maroons in the National Football League (NFL) during the 1923 season.

Fort Wayne Friars
The Fort Wayne Friars were an early professional football team based in Fort Wayne, Indiana. The team, which was also known as the Friars Athletic Association, consistently fielded good and noteworthy teams. Because Fort Wayne is situated near the Ohio border, the Friars often played Ohio teams as well as those from Indiana.
Ohi Racecourse
Ohi Racecourse (大井競馬場, Ōi Keiba-jō), also known as Tokyo City Keiba (TCK), is located in Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan. Built in 1950 for horse racing, on weekends it also hosts one of the largest Tokyo-area flea markets.

The racecourse is located near Ōi Keibajō Mae Station on the Tokyo Monorail.

In August 1995, a friendly exchange agreement was signed with Santa Anita Park in Arcadia, California.  The Tokyo City Cup held annually at Santa Anita Park in Arcadia honors the partnership between the American racetrack and Ohi Racecourse. In recognition of their relationship, TCK holds "Santa Anita Week" each summer which features the one mile G3 "Santa Anita Trophy".

Santa Anita Park
Santa Anita Park is a Thoroughbred racetrack in Arcadia, California, United States. It offers some of the prominent horse racing events in the United States during early fall, winter and in spring. The track is home to numerous prestigious races, including both the Santa Anita Derby and the Santa Anita Handicap. It has also hosted the year-end Breeders' Cup races eleven times, more than any other racetrack. In 1984, Santa Anita was the site of equestrian events at the 1984 Olympics and will host once again in 2028. Since 2011, the Stronach Group are the current owners.
Winning Hearts
Winning Hearts is the fourth and final studio album from Canadian alternative band The Inbreds, released on Murderecords in 1998. The album was noted for paring back from the expanded "full band" sound the band explored on It's Sydney or the Bush, and returning to their more traditional bass guitar and drums configuration.

The album was mixed and recorded at The Gas Station, and mastered at Umbrella Sound in Toronto, Ontario. It held the number one spot on Chart Magazine's survey of Canadian campus radio for two consecutive months. However, after completing their tour to support the album, the duo decided to break up and pursue other projects.

The album was reissued on vinyl in 2016 by Label Obscura, alongside both It's Sydney or the Bush and Kombinator.

Chart Attack
Chart Attack (stylized as CHARTattack) was a Canadian online music publication. Formerly a monthly print magazine, it was called Chart and published from 1991 to 2009. Online content ceased to be updated sometime between mid 2017 to 2019, after which owner Channel Zero laid off the site's staff. The site's content is no longer available live online, the domain has been taken over by a usurping commercial website unrelated to music. Much of the old content is still available as web archives at the Wayback Machine.
Olga Olgina
Olga Józefowicz (24 June 1904 – 31 January 1979), known professionally as Olga Olgina, was a Polish coloratura soprano, teacher and pianist. She made her debut in the title role of Verdi's La traviata at the Vilnius Opera in 1922 at age 18 and retired in 1977. She taught at the Łódź Conservatory, becoming dean of the institution. Teresa Żylis-Gara was one of her students.

Coloratura soprano
A coloratura soprano (Italian: soprano di coloratura) is a type of operatic soprano voice that specializes in music that is distinguished by agile runs, leaps and trills.

The term coloratura refers to the elaborate ornamentation of a melody, which is a typical component of the music written for this voice. Within the coloratura category, there are roles written specifically for lighter voices known as lyric coloraturas and others for larger voices known as dramatic coloraturas. Categories within a certain vocal range are determined by the size, weight and color of the voice. Coloratura is particularly found in vocal music and especially in operatic singing of the 18th and 19th centuries.
Black Bauhinia flag
The Black Bauhinia flag (Chinese: 黑洋紫荊旗; Jyutping: hak1 joeng4 zi2 ging1 kei4; Cantonese Yale: hāk yèuhng jí gīng kèih) is a variant of the flag of Hong Kong with a black background and (in most versions) a modified bauhinia flower. The flag gained popularity during the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests and is often displayed by pro-democracy protesters.

Yale romanization of Cantonese
The Yale romanization of Cantonese was developed by Yale scholar Gerard P. Kok for his and Parker Po-fei Huang's textbook Speak Cantonese initially circulated in looseleaf form in 1952 but later published in 1958. Unlike the Yale romanization of Mandarin, it is still widely used in books and dictionaries, especially for foreign learners of Cantonese. It shares some similarities with Hanyu Pinyin in that unvoiced, unaspirated consonants are represented by letters traditionally used in English and most other European languages to represent voiced sounds. For example, [p] is represented as b in Yale, whereas its aspirated counterpart, [pʰ] is represented as p. Students attending the Chinese University of Hong Kong's New-Asia Yale-in-China Chinese Language Center are taught using Yale romanization.

Some enthusiasts employ Yale romanisation to explore writing Cantonese as an alphabetic language.
Dictyonema hernandezii
Dictyonema hernandezii is a species of basidiolichen in the family Hygrophoraceae. Found in montane rainforests of Costa Rica and in Colombia, it was described as new to science in 2011. The specific epithet hernandezii honours Venezuelan lichenologist Jesús Hernández.

Hygrophoraceae
The Hygrophoraceae are a family of fungi in the order Agaricales. Originally conceived as containing white-spored, thick-gilled agarics (gilled mushrooms), including Hygrophorus and Hygrocybe species (the waxcaps or waxy caps), DNA evidence has extended the limits of the family, so it now contains not only agarics, but also basidiolichens and corticioid fungi. Species are thus diverse and are variously ectomycorrhizal, lichenized, associated with mosses, or saprotrophic. The family contains 34 genera and over 1000 species. None is of any great economic importance, though fruit bodies of some Hygrocybe and Hygrophorus species are considered edible and may be collected for sale in local markets.
Stuart Percy
Stuart Percy (born May 18, 1993) is a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman who is currently playing for HC Vítkovice Ridera in the Czech Extraliga (ELH). He was selected 25th overall in the 2011 NHL Entry Draft by the Toronto Maple Leafs.

Czech Extraliga
The Czech Extraliga (Czech: Extraliga ledního hokeje, ELH) is the highest-level ice hockey league in the Czech Republic. It was created in 1993 following the peaceful dissolution of Czechoslovakia midway through the 1992–93 Czechoslovak Extraliga season (which all Slovak and Czech teams played to completion). The league's season usually takes place between September and April and features 14 teams.

Teams from the ELH participate in the IIHF's annual European tournament in the CHL. During the 2022–23 CHL season, the ELH was ranked the No. 5 league in Europe, allowing them to send their top three teams to compete in the CHL.
Stunt GP
Stunt GP is a radio-controlled car racing video game developed by the UK-based studio Team17, released in  2001. It was published by Eon Digital Entertainment for Windows and Dreamcast, and by Titus Software for PlayStation 2. Stunt GP uses the RenderWare engine. It has both single-player and offline multiplayer game modes using the split-screen method, and various game controllers are supported.

Single-player video game
A single-player video game is a video game where input from only one player is expected throughout the gameplay. Video games in general can feature several game modes, including single-player modes designed to be played by a single player in addition to multi-player modes.

Most modern console games, PC games and arcade games are designed so that they can be played by a single player; although many of these games have modes that allow two or more players to play (not necessarily simultaneously), very few actually require more than one player for the game to be played. The Unreal Tournament series is one example of such.
Ryu Tongnyŏl
Ryu Tongnyŏl (Korean: 류동열; Hanja: 柳東說, March 26, 1879 – October 18, 1950) was a Korean independence activist. He was a member of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea, a guerrilla in Manchuria, and a member of the Korean Liberation Army. In 1939, he briefly served as the head of the Provisional Government. After the 1945 liberation of Korea, he served as the head of the U.S. occupational government's Unification Committee at the recommendation of Chough Pyung-ok and Lee Eung-jun.

He was the first commander of a Korean unit after liberation, and he was at odds with the US military government. That government claimed that the appointment of a high-ranking officer should only be done by people from the yangban class.

National Liberation Day of Korea
The National Liberation Day of Korea is a public holiday celebrated annually on 15 August in both North Korea and South Korea. It commemorates the day when the Korean Peninsula was liberated by the Allies in 1945 from 35 years of Japanese colonial rule. The day also coincides with the anniversary of the establishment of the South Korean government in 1948. Liberation Day is the only political holiday that is celebrated in both Koreas.
Hero of Labour (North Korea)
Hero of Labour (Korean: 로력영웅; MR: Roryŏk Yŏngung) is one of the highest titles of honour of North Korea and the highest decoration of the country overall. The award was probably scheduled for establishment in the summer of 1950, but the Korean War postponed these plans. When the war had entered a phase of stalemate along the 38th parallel, the government had time to officially launch the decoration, originally under the name Korea Hero of Labour. 16 people were decorated Labour Heroes during the war and more since then. The decoration is based on its Soviet equivalent, Hero of Socialist Labour.

McCune–Reischauer
McCune–Reischauer (MR; /məˈkjuːn ˈraɪʃaʊ.ər/ mə-KEWN RYSHE-ow-ər) is a romanization system for the Korean language. It was first published in 1939 by George M. McCune and Edwin O. Reischauer. Significant work on the system was done by Korean linguists Choe Hyeon-bae, Jeong In-seop, and Kim Seon-gi.

According to Reischauer, McCune "persuaded the American Army Map Service to adopt [the McCune–Reischauer system], and through the Korean War it became the foundation for most current Romanizations of Korean place names."

A variant of McCune–Reischauer is currently used as the official system in North Korea. Another variant is currently used for standard romanization library catalogs in North America. On the other hand, South Korea formerly used yet another variant as its official system from 1984 to 2000, but replaced it with the Revised Romanization of Korean in 2000.
What an Enormous Room
What an Enormous Room is the sixth studio album by American musician Torres, released on January 26, 2024, through Merge Records. It was produced by Torres and Sarah Jaffe and received positive reviews from critics.

Merge Records
Merge Records is an independent record label based in Durham, North Carolina. It was founded in 1989 by Laura Ballance and Mac McCaughan. It began as an outlet for music from their band Superchunk and music created by friends, and has expanded to include artists from around the world, with records reaching the top of the Billboard music charts.
Haengju Bridge
The Haengju Bridge (Korean: 행주대교) crosses the Han River in South Korea and connects the city of Goyang and the Gangseo District, Seoul. The bridge was first completed in 1978, but the bridge was very narrow and could not handle the increased traffic as the neighboring cities of Ilsan and Bucheon experienced housing booms.

Construction of the second bridge (called the New Haengju Bridge) adjacent to the original began in October 1987. During construction in 1992, the new bridge collapsed. Repairs took three more years, and the bridge opened in 1995.

Construction on a third bridge began in the space between the first and the second in 1996 and finished in December 2000. With the completion of the third bridge, the first bridge was closed. Currently, the second bridge handles southward traffic and the third bridge handles northward traffic.

Ilsan
Ilsan New Town (Korean: 일산신도시) refers to a planned city occupying Ilsandong District and Ilsanseo District of Goyang.

Ilsan is located northwest of Seoul. Like other satellite cities in the Seoul National Capital Area such as Bundang, Ilsan was planned in order to alleviate housing shortages in the city of Seoul.  Ilsan has experienced phenomenal growth since 1992, usually drawing in younger generations of upper-middle-class and upper-class Koreans.

Ilsan's total population (Ilsandong and Ilsanseo Districts combined) is 577,023 as of 2024.
Palace of Justice, Antwerp
The Palace of Justice of Antwerp (Dutch: Justitiepaleis Antwerpen), commonly known as the Antwerp Law Courts (Dutch: Gerechtsgebouw Antwerpen), De Frietzakken, and the Butterfly Palace (Dutch: Vlinderpaleis), is a courthouse in Antwerp, Belgium. The building was erected on the site of the former Antwerp-South railway station, over the Bolivar Tunnel (Dutch: Bolivartunnel), and it houses eight district civil and criminal courts. It was inaugurated on 28 March 2006 by King Albert II, Minister of Justice Laurette Onkelinx, Minister of Finance Didier Reynders, governor Camille Paulus and mayor Patrick Janssens. The building was designed by the Richard Rogers Partnership, VK Studio and Arup.

Scheldt
The Scheldt (/ʃɛlt, skɛlt/ SHELT, SKELT; French: Escaut [ɛsko] ⓘ; Dutch: Schelde [ˈsxɛldə] ⓘ) is a 435-kilometre-long (270 mi) river that flows through northern France, western Belgium, and the southwestern part of the Netherlands, with its mouth at the North Sea. Its name is derived from an adjective corresponding to Old English sċeald ("shallow"), Modern English shoal, Low German schol, West Frisian skol, and obsolete Swedish skäll ("thin").
Erie County Infirmary
The Erie County Infirmary near Sandusky, Ohio, which has also been known as the Erie County Home, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.  It was built by George Phillip Feick.  It is a large four-story Second Empire-style building made of local limestone.

The building was described in 1999 as "an excellent example of the type of institutional structure erected in the latter half of the 19th century to provide for the less fortunate members of society".  The county infirmary had been established in 1855 to serve the aged and indigent;  this building was completed in 1886.

It was listed on the National Register in 1975.

Second Empire style
Second Empire style, also known as the Napoleon III style or Haussmann style, is a highly eclectic style of architecture and decorative arts originating in the Second French Empire. It was characterized by elements of many different historical styles, and also made innovative use of modern materials, such as iron frameworks and glass skylights. It flourished during the reign of Emperor Napoleon III (1852–1870) and had an important influence on architecture and decoration in the rest of Europe and North America. Major examples of the style include the Opéra Garnier (1862–1871) in Paris by Charles Garnier, the Institut National d'Histoire de l'Art, the Church of Saint Augustine (1860–1871), and the Philadelphia City Hall (1871–1901). The architectural style was closely connected with Haussmann's renovation of Paris carried out during the Second Empire; the new buildings, such as the Opéra, were intended as the focal points of the new boulevards.
Coronopus
Coronopus is a synonym for the accepted genus name Lepidium. It was applied to some species of flowering plants in the cabbage and mustard family Brassicaceae known commonly as swinecress or wartcress. These are generally low spreading annual herbaceous plants with many long stems, deeply lobed leaves and small white flowers.: 405  They have a strong scent, smelling like garden cress, Lepidium sativum, when crushed.: 98  Lepidium squamatus may be native to the Mediterranean but Lepidium didymum may be native to South America. Both species are widespread weedy introduced species in other areas.

Species include:

Lepidium didymum - lesser swine cress

Lepidium squamatus (since 2004, Lepidium coronopus,) - swine cress

Mediterranean basin
In biogeography, the Mediterranean basin (/ˌmɛdɪtəˈreɪniən/ MED-ih-tə-RAY-nee-ən), also known as the Mediterranean region or sometimes Mediterranea, is the region of lands around the Mediterranean Sea that mostly have a Mediterranean climate, with mild to cool, rainy winters and warm to hot, dry summers, which supports characteristic Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub vegetation.
Kampong Lubok Pulau
Kampong Lubok Pulau is a village in Tutong District, Brunei, about 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) from the district town Pekan Tutong. The population was 496 in 2016. It is one of the villages within Mukim Tanjong Maya, a mukim in the district.

Villages of Brunei
A village (Malay: kampung or kampong) is the third and lowest administrative division of Brunei. It is headed by a village head (ketua kampung). Several villages are grouped together to form a mukim. A village is generally the traditional rural settlement, in particular in the sense of a kampong or Malay traditional village, but it may also be an urbanised settlement within or near the capital city or a town, or part of the public housing estates. The population varies from hundreds to a few thousands.
Deaths in December 2023
The following is a list of notable deaths in December 2023.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent country of citizenship (if applicable), reason for notability, cause of death (if known), and reference.

Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania
The Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania or Act of 11 March (Lithuanian: Aktas dėl Lietuvos nepriklausomos valstybės atstatymo) was an independence declaration by Lithuania adopted on 11 March 1990, signed by all members of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Lithuania led by Sąjūdis. The act emphasized restoration and legal continuity of the interwar-period Lithuania, which was occupied by the Soviet Union and annexed in June 1940. In March 1990, it was the first of the 15 Soviet republics to declare independence, with the rest following to continue for 21 months, concluding with Kazakhstan's independence in 1991. These events (part of the broader process dubbed the "parade of sovereignties") led to the dissolution of the Soviet Union in December 1991.
Sollicitudo omnium ecclesiarum
Sollicitudo omnium ecclesiarum (The care of all Churches) was a papal bull issued in 1814 by Pope Pius VII, reestablishing the Society of Jesus (Jesuits) after its suppression by the 1773 breve issued by Clement XIV, Dominus ac Redemptor. Nevertheless, the order continued to exist in some places. Pius VII had earlier, with the brief Catholicae Fidei (March 7, 1801), approved the existence of the Society of Jesus in Russia. The Vicar General, Franciszek Kareu, was declared "Superior General of the Jesuits in Russia".

Pope Paul VI issued an encyclical letter, also named Sollicitudo omnium ecclesiarum, on June 24, 1969.

Encyclical
An encyclical was originally a circular letter sent to all the churches of a particular area in the ancient Roman Church. At that time, the word could be used for a letter sent out by any bishop. The word comes from the Late Latin encyclios (originally from the Latin encyclius, a Latinization of Greek ἐγκύκλιος (enkyklios), meaning "circular", "in a circle", or "all-round", also part of the origin of the word encyclopedia).

The term is now primarily associated with papal encyclicals from the Catholic Church for letters outlining the church's perspective on a topic, but is also used among Anglicans and the Eastern Orthodox Church.
Rostami, Delvar
Rostami (Persian: رستمي, also Romanized as Rostamī; also known as Rostamī Jān, Rustaini, and Rustami) is a village in Delvar Rural District, Delvar District, Tangestan County, Bushehr Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 153, in 38 families.

Bushehr province
Bushehr Province (Persian: استان بوشهر) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is in the south of the country, with a long coastline on the Persian Gulf. Its capital is the city of Bushehr.

The province was made a part of Region 2 upon the division of the provinces into five regions, solely for coordination and development purposes, on 22 June 2014.
Isaac Sandford
Isaac Sandford (c. 1796 - November 21, 1853) was a Brigadier General, settler, farmer, and railroad contractor in the United States. He fought in the Black Hawk War. He worked as a contractor for the Indianapolis & St. Louis Railroad. He acquired some 12,000 acres in Indiana and Illinois.

He was born in Bridgehampton, New York to Ezekiel Sandford and Hannah Halsey Sandford.

In 1819, he married Belinda Foster, daughter of Luke and Esther Hubbell Foster. Sandford eventually moved to Cincinnati, Ohio, where his sister was married to a prominent banker, and then settled in Vermilion, Illinois. Sandford was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church.

He was involved in establishing Sandford, Indiana. A letter to him survives. Northern Illinois University has a photograph of him from the 1903 book in the Black Hawk War by Frank E. Stevens.

His children included Harriet Sandford (died 1862).

Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago and St. Louis Railway
The Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago and St. Louis Railway, also known as the Big Four Railroad and commonly abbreviated CCC&StL, was a railroad company in the Midwestern United States. It operated in affiliation with the New York Central system.

Its primary routes were in Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, and Ohio. At the end of 1925 it reported 2,391 route-miles and 4,608 track-miles; that year it carried 8180 million net ton-miles of revenue freight and 488 million passenger-miles.
María Teresa León
María Teresa León Goyri (31 October 1903 – 13 December 1988) was a Spanish writer, activist and cultural ambassador. Born in Logroño, she was the niece of the Spanish feminist and writer María Goyri (the wife of Ramón Menéndez Pidal). She herself was married to the Spanish poet Rafael Alberti. She contributed numerous articles to the periodical Diario de Burgos and published the children's books Cuentos para soñar and La bella del mal amor.

Ramón Menéndez Pidal
Ramón Menéndez Pidal (Spanish pronunciation: [raˈmom meˈnendeθ piˈðal]; 13 March 1869 – 14 November 1968) was a Spanish philologist and historian. He worked extensively on the history of the Spanish language and Spanish folklore and folk poetry. One of his main topics was the history and legend of El Cid. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in 26 separate years, the most nominations of any other person.