hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Zack Test
Zachary "Zack" Test (born October 13, 1989) is an American retired rugby union player who played for the United States national rugby sevens team. With 143 career tries in the World Rugby Sevens Series, Test led all U.S. players in tries scored until Perry Baker broke his record in early 2018. He is the former head coach of the San Diego Legion of Major League Rugby (MLR).

Major League Rugby
Major League Rugby (MLR) is a professional rugby union competition in the United States. The league comprises 6 teams. While operating outside of the governance and oversight of the national governing body, the league is officially sanctioned by USA Rugby—a member union of Rugby Americas North (RAN)—and is consequently part of World Rugby.

MLR was founded in 2017 and is headquartered in Dallas, Texas. The league began its first season in 2018 with seven teams. MLR has since expanded, reaching an all-time high of thirteen teams in the 2022 season, including one team in Canada. Twelve teams competed in the 2024 season.

In 2020, Major League Rugby implemented its first collegiate MLR Draft in 2020 and its teams began forming youth academies.
British Show Racer
The British Show Racer is a breed of fancy pigeon developed over many years of selective breeding. The British Show Racer along with other varieties of domesticated pigeons are all descendants from the rock pigeon (Columba livia). As the name suggests, this breed was developed as an exhibition breed in Britain from local stocks of racing pigeons. Douglas McClary in his book Pigeons for Everyone describes Show Racers as simply the "show version" of the popular racing pigeon.

Fancy pigeon
Fancy pigeon refers to any breed of domestic pigeon, which is a domesticated form of the wild rock dove (Columba livia). They are bred by pigeon fanciers for various traits relating to size, shape, color, and behavior, and often exhibited at pigeon shows, fairs and other livestock exhibits.

There are about 800 pigeon breeds; considering all regional varieties all over the world there may be 1100 breeds. The European list of fancy pigeons alone names about 500 breeds. No other domestic animal has branched out into such a variety of forms and colours.

Charles Darwin is known to have crossbred fancy pigeons, particularly the ice pigeon, to study variation within species, this work coming three years before his publication, On the Origin of Species.
Nina and Me Tour
The Nina and Me Tour was the seventh concert tour by American singer Ledisi. After the release of Ledisi's tenth album Ledisi Sings Nina (2021), the tour was revived as the Ledisi Sings Nina Tour in July 2021. The Ledisi Sings Nina Tour also coincided with The Wild Card Tour (2021). A concert special, Ledisi Live: A Tribute to Nina Simone, aired on PBS on November 28, 2020, featuring the performance recorded at Myron's Jazz Cabaret in the Smith Center for the Performing Arts in Las Vegas, Nevada on February 1, 2020.

My Baby Just Cares for Me
"My Baby Just Cares for Me" is a jazz standard written by Walter Donaldson with lyrics by Gus Kahn.  Written for the film version of the musical comedy Whoopee! (1930), the song became a signature tune for Eddie Cantor who sang it in the movie. A stylized version of the song by American singer and songwriter Nina Simone, recorded in 1957, was a top 10 hit in the United Kingdom after it was used in a 1987 perfume commercial and resulted in a renaissance for Simone.
2023 Paris attack
On 2 December 2023, a French man carried out a machete and hammer attack against 3 people near the Pont de Bir-Hakeim in Paris, France, killing 1 of them. The suspect was allegedly motivated by Islamic extremism.

Pont de Bir-Hakeim
The Pont de Bir-Hakeim (French: [pɔ̃ d(ə) biʁakɛm]; English: Bridge of Bir Hakeim), named after the 1942 battle in Libya, until 1948 the Pont de Passy ([pɔ̃ d(ə) pasi]; Bridge of Passy), is a steel open spandrel deck arch bridge on stone masonry starlings, which crosses the River Seine in Paris. It connects the 15th and 16th arrondissements, passing over the northeast end of the Île aux Cygnes (the Isle of the Swans). The bridge, made of steel, was constructed between 1903 and 1905, in replacement of a footbridge that had been erected in 1878. The bridge has two levels: one for motor vehicles and pedestrians, the other being a rail viaduct (the Viaduc de Passy) built above the first one, through which passes Line 6 of the Paris Métro. The bridge is 237 metres (778 ft) long and 24.7 metres (81 ft) wide. The part crossing the Grand Bras ('great anabranch') of the Seine (west from the island) is slightly longer than the one crossing the Petit Bras ('small anabranch').
Djelaludin Sharityar
Djelaludin Sharityar (Pashto: جلال‌الدین شریعت‌یار) is an Afghan footballer who plays as a defender and was the captain of the Afghanistan national football team. He was a member of the national team from 2007 to 2015.

His career started in 1998 in Germany when as a youth he played for VfL Wolfsburg, he then joined Swiss club FC Kreuzlingen in 2001, then moved back to Germany in 2003 when he joined FC Konstanz and then FC Emmendingen in 2006, SpVgg Weiden in 2007 and 2008, 1. FC Schweinfurt 05 in 2009, and then in Cyprus, APEP Pitsilia in 2009. Until 2013 he played for Hidd SCC in Bahrain. In 2014, he returned to play for 1. FC Schweinfurt 05 again. In 2015 Sharityar signed a contract with Manama Club (Bahrain Premier League). Manama Club is one of the best teams in Bahrain and will take part in the GCC Champions League (Gulf Cup for Clubs) this season.

SpVgg SV Weiden
SpVgg SV Weiden, formerly just SpVgg Weiden, is a German football club from the city of Weiden, Bavaria.

Playing in the tier-four Regionalliga Süd in 2010–11, the club had to declare insolvency after being more than Euro 1 million in debt. Unable to raise enough funds to continue competing in the league, Weiden declared on 30 November 2010 that it would withdraw its Regionalliga team and thereby automatically be relegated. All games for the club in the 2010–11 season were declared void.
Lex Maria
Lex Maria is the colloquial name for the mandatory reporting in Chapter 3 Paragraph 5 of the Swedish Patient Safety Law (Patientsäkerhetslagen). The  law requires that a care taker report to the Health and Social Care Inspectorate events that could have caused or have caused serious injury to the patient. The name originates from an incident in 1936 when four patients at Maria hospital in Stockholm died after being injected with disinfectant (mercury oxycyanide) instead of anesthetic.

Health and Social Care Inspectorate
The Health and Social Care Inspectorate (Swedish: Inspektionen för vård och omsorg, IVO) is a Swedish government agency under the Ministry of Health and Social Affairs. The agency was founded on 1 June 2013. The agency controls supervision and control over healthcare as well as social services.
Tucson Indian School
Tucson Indian school was founded by the United States federal government in 1888 to assimilate Native American children of the Akimel O'odham and Tohono Oʼodham tribes from the area around what is now Tucson, Arizona into mainstream American society. The school was created under federal acts with the goal of indoctrinating Native American children into Western colonial society by separating them from their communities' culture and reeducating them in boarding schools. The school closed in 1960.

Akimel Oʼodham
The Akimel Oʼodham or Akimel Oʼotham are an Indigenous people of the Americas living in the United States in central and southern Arizona and Northwestern Mexico in the states of Sonora and Chihuahua. The majority population of the two current bands of the Akimel Oʼodham in the United States is based in two reservations: the Keli Akimel Oʼotham on the Gila River Indian Community (GRIC) and the Onʼk Akimel Oʼodham on the Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community (SRPMIC).

The Akimel Oʼodham are closely related to the Ak-Chin Oʼodham, now forming the Ak-Chin Indian Community. They are also related to the Sobaipuri, whose descendants reside on the San Xavier Indian Reservation or Wa꞉k (together with the Tohono Oʼodham), and in the Salt River Indian Community. Together with the related Tohono Oʼodham ("Desert People") and the Hia C-ed Oʼodham ("Sand Dune People"), the Akimel Oʼodham form the Upper Oʼodham.
Pyrinuron
Pyrinuron (Pyriminil, Vacor) is a chemical compound formerly used as a rodenticide. Commercial distribution was voluntarily suspended in 1979 and it is not approved by the Environmental Protection Agency for use in the United States.  If it is ingested by humans in high doses, it may selectively destroy insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas causing type 1 diabetes. The neurodegeneration associated with Vacor is caused by its conversion to Vacor-mononucleotide (VMN) by NAMPT and VMN's subsequent activation of the NADase SARM1.

Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase
Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAmPRTase or NAMPT), formerly known as pre-B-cell colony-enhancing factor 1 (PBEF1) or visfatin for its extracellular form (eNAMPT), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NAMPT gene. The intracellular form of this protein (iNAMPT) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) salvage pathway that converts nicotinamide to nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) which is responsible for most of the NAD+ formation in mammals. iNAMPT can also catalyze the synthesis of NMN from phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP) when ATP is present. eNAMPT has been reported to be a cytokine (PBEF) that  activates TLR4, that promotes B cell maturation, and that inhibits neutrophil apoptosis.
E lucevan le stelle
"E lucevan le stelle" ("And the stars were shining") is a romantic aria from the third act of Giacomo Puccini's opera Tosca from 1900, composed to an Italian libretto by Luigi Illica and Giuseppe Giacosa. It is sung in act 3 by Mario Cavaradossi (tenor), a painter in love with the singer Tosca, while he waits for his execution on the roof of Castel Sant'Angelo.

Written in B minor, it is one of the most famous opera arias. The vocal range extends from F♯3 to A4. The aria is considered part of the spinto tenor repertoire.

The aria is introduced by a somber clarinet solo. The incipit of the melody (heard in outline earlier in the act, as the sky lightens and the gaoler prepares for the execution) is repeated on the lines "O dolci baci, o languide carezze" ("Oh, sweet kisses and languorous caresses"), and also restated in forte in the closing bars of the opera, as Tosca jumps from the ramparts.

Vocal range
Vocal range is the range of pitches that a human voice can phonate. A common application is within the context of singing, where it is used as a defining characteristic for classifying singing voices into voice types. It is also a topic of study within linguistics, phonetics, and speech-language pathology, particularly in relation to the study of tonal languages and certain types of vocal disorders, although it has little practical application in terms of speech.
FIVB Men's Volleyball Nations League statistics
This article gives the summarized final standings of each FIVB Men's Volleyball Nations League tournament, an annual competition involving national men's volleyball teams.

After the tournament's sixth edition and as of 2025, France won two gold (2022, 2024), a silver (2018) and a bronze (2021), Russia has won two golds (2018, 2019) Brazil one gold (2021), Poland two golds (2023, 2025), one silver (2021) and three bronze medals (2019, 2022, 2024). United States has won three silvers (2019, 2022, 2023) and a bronze (2018), while Japan has won a silver (2024) and bronze (2023).

United States men's national volleyball team
The United States men's national volleyball team represents the country in international competitions and friendly matches. The team is governed by USA Volleyball, and it has won six Olympic medals, three of them gold.
Mechanics' Institute, Manchester
The Mechanics' Institute, located at 103 Princess Street, Manchester, England, is notable as the building in which three significant British institutions were founded: the Trades Union Congress (TUC), the Co-operative Insurance Society (CIS) and the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST). In the 1960s it was occupied by the Manchester College of Commerce. It has been a Grade II* listed building since 10 May 1972.

Co-op Insurance
Co-op Insurance Services Limited, trading as Co-op Insurance, is a general insurance company which is part of the Co-operative Group, based in Manchester, United Kingdom.

For most of its history, Co-op Insurance was also a life insurer and fund manager, sharing surpluses with holders of its 'with-profits' life policies, as well as with individual members of The Co-operative Group in proportion to their general insurance patronage. In 2013, Royal London Group agreed to buy the life insurance business unit for an estimated £219 million. In 2020, Co-op sold its underwriting business. Since then, Co-op Insurance has become a brand that focuses on marketing and selling insurance. It now offers home, car, travel, pet, life, and over-50s life insurance. It also offers loans.
Georges Richard
Georges Richard (1863–1922) was a French racing driver and automobile industry pioneer.

His first automobile manufacturing business, "Société des Anciens Établissements Georges Richard", was founded in the North-Paris suburb of "Ivry-Port" in 1897 by Georges Richard and his brother Maxime Richard.   Originally copying Benz cars of the era, Richard bought a licence, in 1900, from the Belgian Vivinus to build voiturettes.   By 1905, however, there had been a parting of the ways with Henri Brasier (who had become Richard's business partner in 1901). Georges Richard moved on to create in 1905 or 1906 a new automobile company called Société anonyme des automobiles Unic

Carl Benz
Carl (or Karl) Friedrich Benz (German: [kaʁl ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈbɛnts] ⓘ; born Karl Friedrich Michael Vaillant; 25 November 1844 – 4 April 1929) was a German engine designer and automotive engineer. His Benz Patent-Motorwagen from 1885 is considered the first practical, modern automobile and the first car to be put into series production. He received a patent for the motorcar in 1886, the same year he first publicly drove the Benz Patent-Motorwagen.

His company Benz & Cie., based in Mannheim, was the world's first automobile plant and largest of its day. In 1926, it merged with Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft to form Daimler-Benz, which produces the Mercedes-Benz among other brands.

For his achievements, Benz is widely regarded as "the father of the car", and as the "father of the automobile industry".
Arne aus den Ruthen
Arne Sydney aus den Ruthen Haag is a Mexican politician. He was the borough mayor for Miguel Hidalgo, D.F. from 2000 to 2003 and deputy in the Federal District Legislature from 1997 to 2000. He is a member of the National Action Party.

He is the general director of administration for Miguel Hidalgo under borough mayor Xóchitl Gálvez. With the title of "city manager", aus den Ruthen has become popular on social media for posting videos through Periscope of infractions committed by citizens and his and the police officers' response. These videos have been called a form of public shaming, while aus den Ruthen says it is part of his neighborhood watch duties.

Neighborhood watch
A neighborhood watch or neighbourhood watch (see spelling differences), also called a crime watch or neighbourhood crime watch, is an organized group of civilians devoted to crime and vandalism prevention within a neighborhood.

The aim of neighborhood watch includes educating residents of a community on security and safety and achieving safe and secure neighborhoods. However, when a criminal activity is suspected, members are encouraged to report to authorities, and not to intervene.
Jennifer Chandler
Jennifer Kay Bellamy Chandler (born June 13, 1959) is a retired American diver who attended the University of Arizona, and won a gold medal in diving in the 1976 Montreal Olympics.

Chandler was born on June 30, 1959 in Langdale, Alabama, and started diving when she was nine. She went to the junior Olympics at the age of 12, and in 1975 won the AAU national indoor 1-meter springboard event. In 1976 she captured the national indoor 3-meter springboard championship.

Alabama Sports Hall of Fame
The Alabama Sports Hall of Fame (ASHOF) is a state museum located in Birmingham, Alabama, dedicated to communicating the state’s athletic history. The museum displays over 5,000 objects related to athletes who were born in Alabama or earned fame through athletics that reflects positively upon the state, usually through excellence at an educational institution or sporting event in Alabama. The ASHOF was established by state legislative act on August 14, 1967.
Sigma3 Cancri
Sigma3 Cancri is a solitary, yellow-hued star in the zodiac constellation of Cancer. Its name is a Bayer designation that is Latinized from σ3 Cancri, and abbreviated Sigma3 Cnc or σ3 Cnc. With an apparent visual magnitude of +5.24, it is a dim star that is visible to the naked eye. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 10.75 mas as seen from Earth, it is located approximately 303 light-years (93 pc) from the Sun. The star's proper motion makes it a candidate for membership in the IC 2391 supercluster.

This is an evolved, G-type giant star with a stellar classification of G9 III. At the estimated age of 420 million years it is a red clump star on the horizontal branch, which indicates it is generating energy through helium fusion at its core. Sigma3 Cancri has 2.8 times the mass of the Sun and has expanded to 10.3 times the Sun's radius. It is radiating 72 times the solar luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 5,170 K.

Red clump
The red clump is a clustering of red giants in the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram at around 5,000 K and absolute magnitude (MV) +0.5, slightly hotter than most red-giant-branch stars of the same luminosity.  It is visible as a denser region of the red-giant branch or a bulge towards hotter temperatures.  It is prominent in many galactic open clusters, and it is also noticeable in many intermediate-age globular clusters and in nearby field stars (e.g. the Hipparcos stars).

The red clump giants are cool horizontal branch stars, stars originally similar to the Sun which have undergone a helium flash and are now fusing helium in their cores.
Cornelius Murray
Dr. Cornelius Joseph "Doc" Murray was an American dentist and politician who served as a member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives.

Murray was born on August 19, 1890, in Beverly Farms. He graduated from Beverly High School, where he was a noted athlete. In 1913 he graduated from Tufts Dental School and practiced in Beverly until his retirement in 1962.

Murray represented Ward 6 on the Beverly Board of Alderman from 1931 to 1942 and was a member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives from 1943 to 1965. During his tenure in the House, Murray was credited with providing road funding for his district (which consisted of Beverly, Hamilton, and Wenham), including funding to improve Route 127. He was also in leader in the successful fight to extend Route 128 to Gloucester, Massachusetts. Outside of the House, Murray was the president of the North Shore Community College board of advisors.

Murray died on October 19, 1972, at Beverly Hospital.

Beverly, Massachusetts
Beverly is a city in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States, and a suburb of Boston. The population was 42,670 at the time of the 2020 United States census. A resort, residential, and manufacturing community on the Massachusetts North Shore, Beverly includes Ryal Side, North Beverly, Centerville, Cove, Montserrat, Beverly Farms and Prides Crossing. Beverly is a rival of Marblehead for the title of "birthplace of the U.S. Navy".
Swalaba
Swalaba is a neighborhood in Ghana’s capital city Accra. It is located in the city center between Korle Woko and Jamestown. Its population is mainly from the Ga tribal group, but houses also members of Hausa, Ewe, and Akan. Its narrow streets called "lungu lungu" makes Swalaba resemble a labyrinth and it is known to be difficult to get around for anyone not familiar with the area. The people of Swalaba are viewed as friendly, hospitable but also with a penchant for being direct and espouse a  no nonsense attitude.

Ewe people
The Ewe people (/ˈeɪ.weɪ/; Ewe: Eʋeawó, lit. 'Ewe people'; or Ewe: Mono Kple Amu (Volta) Tɔ́sisiwo Dome, lit. 'Between the Rivers Mono and Volta'; Ewe: Eʋenyígbá, lit. 'Eweland') are a Gbe-speaking ethnic group. The largest population of Ewe people is in Ghana (6.0 million), and the second largest population is in Togo (3.1 million). They speak the Ewe language (Ewe: Eʋegbe) which belongs to the Gbe family of languages. They are related to other speakers of Gbe languages such as the Fon, Gen, Phla/Phera, Ogu/Gun, Maxi (Mahi), and the Aja people of Togo and Benin.
Linn Torp
Linn Torp (born 22 April 1977) is a Norwegian cyclist. She was born in Eidsvoll. She won the Norwegian National Road Race Championship in 2006 and 2009.

She competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, and at the 2006 UCI Road World Championships.

2006 UCI Road World Championships
The 2006 UCI Road World Championships took place in Salzburg, Austria, between September 19 and September 24, 2006. The event consisted of a road race and a time trial for men, women and men under 23.

The Men's road race saw Italian Olympic champion Paolo Bettini triumph, while Swiss Fabian Cancellara won his first time trial world title.

The women's road race title was won by Marianne Vos, in her first year of racing at senior level.
Jiggs and Maggie (film series)
Jiggs and Maggie are the major characters in a series of films made by Monogram Pictures, a low-budget Hollywood film studio, between 1946 and 1950. Jiggs and Maggie are Irish immigrants to the United States, who constantly argue. The characters were created by the cartoonist George McManus in his long-running strip Bringing Up Father. McManus appears in four of the films, playing himself.

The characters had originally appeared on screen in the 1928 Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer film Bringing Up Father. In 1946, Monogram made a fresh version starring actors Joe Yule and Renie Riano. Due to the popularity of the first film, a series of four sequels followed.

The final film in the series, Jiggs and Maggie Out West, was released around three weeks after Yule's death in March, 1950.

Renie Riano
Renie Isabel Riano (August 7, 1899 – July 3, 1971) was an English-born American actress who, with the exception of the Jiggs and Maggie comedies, had minor roles in 1940s and 1950s films. She was sometimes credited as Reine Riano, Renee Riano, or Rene Riano.
Pelangi Kasih School
Pelangi Kasih School is a private Christian religious kindergarten, primary and secondary school in Jakarta, Indonesia. The main campus is located at Taman Grisenda Blok A1 No.28 Jl. Pantai Indah Kapuk, Kapuk Raya, North Jakarta.

Students are educated for the Cambridge GCE 'O' Level (Cambridge General Certificate of Education Ordinary examination) and the Cambridge IGCSE (International General Certificate of Secondary Education), as well as for the SAT (Scholastic Aptitude Test) and TOEFL (Test Of English as a Foreign Language) examinations.

As a Christian school, its education emphasizes the Gospel and faith in Jesus Christ.

Test of English as a Foreign Language
The Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL /ˈtoʊfəl/ TOH-fəl) is a standardized test to measure the English language ability of non-native speakers wishing to enroll in English-speaking universities. The test is accepted by more than 11,000 universities and other institutions in over 190 countries and territories. TOEFL is one of several major English-language tests worldwide, including IELTS, PTE, Duolingo English Test, Cambridge Assessment English, and Trinity College London exams.

TOEFL is a trademark of the Educational Testing Service (ETS), a private non-profit organization, which designs and administers the tests. ETS issues official score reports which are sent independently to institutions and are valid for two years following the test.