hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sunday Herald
The Sunday Herald was a Scottish Sunday newspaper, published between 7 February 1999 and 2 September 2018. Originally a broadsheet, it was published in compact format from 20 November 2005. The paper was known for having combined a centre-left stance with support for Scottish devolution, and later Scottish independence. The last edition of the newspaper was published on 2 September 2018 and it was replaced with Sunday editions of The Herald and The National.

Compact (newspaper)
A compact newspaper is a broadsheet-quality newspaper printed in a tabloid format, especially one in the United Kingdom. The term as used for this size came into use after The Independent began producing a smaller format edition in 2003 for London's commuters, designed to be easier to read when using mass transit.

Readers from other parts of the country liked the new format, and The Independent introduced it nationally. The Times and The Scotsman copied the format as The Independent increased in sales. The Times and The Scotsman are now printed exclusively in compact format following trial periods during which both broadsheet and compact version were produced simultaneously. The Independent published its last paper edition on 20 March 2016 and now appears online only.
Mass graves in Syria
A number of mass graves were uncovered after the fall of the Assad regime in December 2024. The primary site was located in al-Qutayfah, approximately 37 km (23 mi) north of Damascus, with additional mass graves discovered throughout the southern Damascus countryside and in southern Syria. The primary al-Qutayfah site was predicted by investigators to contain the human remains of at least 100,000 people who had been systematically and extrajudicially killed.

Al-Qutayfah
Al-Qutayfah (Arabic: ٱلْقُطَيْفَة, romanized: al-Quṭayfah) is a city in Syria, administratively belonging to the Rif Dimashq Governorate, capital of the al-Qutayfah District. It is located approximately 40 kilometers (25 mi) east of Damascus. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), al-Qutayfah had a population of 26,671 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly Sunni Muslims.
Durrington, West Sussex
Durrington is a neighbourhood of Worthing and former civil parish, now in the borough of Worthing in West Sussex, England. Historically in Sussex, in the rape of Bramber, it is situated near the A27 road, 2.3 miles (3.7 km) northwest of the town centre.  Durrington has existed since at least the tenth century and has had a place of worship at the site of St Symphorian's Church for approximately a thousand years. Since 1992 it has been home to the community-led Durrington Festival.

Rape of Bramber
The Rape of Bramber (also known as Bramber Rape) is one of the rapes, the traditional sub-divisions unique to the historic county of Sussex in England. It is the smallest Sussex rape by area. Bramber is a former barony whose original seat was the castle of Bramber and its village, overlooking the river Adur.
Traverse City Central High School
Traverse City Central High School (also known as Central High School, TC Central, or simply TCC) is a public high school in Traverse City, Michigan. It is one of two comprehensive high schools in the Traverse City Area Public Schools district. It is the second-largest high school in Northern Michigan, behind rival Traverse City West Senior High School.

Big North Conference (Michigan)
The Big North Conference (BNC) is a high school athletic conference in Michigan. The conference is affiliated with the Michigan High School Athletic Association (MHSAA).

The conference contains nine of the largest high schools across Northern Michigan and the Upper Peninsula. Among these schools, four are full-time members, two are non-football members, and three are football-only members.
DWQ
DWQ can refer to:

Pannariaceae, a family of fungi, by Catalogue of Life identifier

Daowai District, a district of Harbin, China; see List of administrative divisions of Heilongjiang

Dar al-Watha'iq al-Qawmiyy, the Arabic name for the Egyptian National Archives

Pannariaceae
The Pannariaceae are a family of lichens in the order Peltigerales (suborder Collematineae). Species from this family have a widespread distribution, but are especially prevalent in southern temperate regions.
Feyenoord Academy (Varkenoord)
Feyenoord Academy, often referred to as Varkenoord, is the youth academy of the professional football club Feyenoord located in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. The Feyenoord Academy is located at Sportcomplex Varkenoord, and has received official international youth academy status from the KNVB.

Feyenoord Academy has been voted as the best developmental system in the Netherlands, winning the Rinus Michels Award for best youth academy five years in a row since 2009. No other academy produced more players for the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil, where eleven former Feyenoord Academy players were active. In May 2010, Feyenoord Academy won the Rinus Michels Award for the first time. Ajax and Sparta Rotterdam were the other nominees. Feyenoord Academy won the award for its innovation within the academy, the overall success of its teams in the national youth leagues and the high number of players in the national youth teams.

Sparta Rotterdam
Sparta Rotterdam (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈspɑrtaː ˌrɔtərˈdɑm]) is a Dutch professional football club based in Rotterdam. Established on 1 April 1888, Sparta Rotterdam is the oldest professional football team in the Netherlands.

Sparta currently competes in the Eredivisie, the top flight of Dutch professional football, which they have won six times, having earned promotion from the Eerste Divisie in 2018–19. The club is one of three professional football clubs from Rotterdam, the others being Excelsior (est. 1902) and Feyenoord (est. 1908).
Temsah 4
The Temsah 4 is an Egyptian MRAP armoured personnel carrier with a growth vehicle weight (GVW) of 15 tonnes including a 4 tonnes payload. Kader factory for Developed Industries, a member of the Arab Organization for Industrialization (AOI), unveils Temsah 4 (4×4) armored vehicle during EDEX 2021, the Egypt defense exhibition EDEX that was held in Cairo from 29 November to 2 December 2021. It is optimized for special operations and security forces.

Egypt Defence Expo
Egypt Defence Expo (EDEX) is an international defense exhibition held biennially in Egypt, showcasing advancements in air, land, and sea military technologies. EDEX is organized by Arabian World Events in partnership with the Egyptian Armed Forces and the Ministry of Military Production.
11th AACTA International Awards
The 11th Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts International Awards, commonly known as the AACTA International Awards, is presented by the Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts (AACTA), a non-profit organisation whose aim is to identify, award, promote and celebrate Australia's greatest achievements in film and television. Awards were handed out for the best films of 2021 regardless of the country of origin, and are the international counterpart to the awards for Australian films.

The nominations were announced on 17 December 2021. Winners were announced on 26 January 2022.

Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts
The Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts (AACTA) is a professional organisation of film and television practitioners in Australia. The academy's aim is "to identify, award, promote, and celebrate Australia's greatest achievements in film and television".

It was established in August 2011 with the backing of the Australian Film Institute (AFI) to act as its industry engagement arm and to administer the AACTA Awards (formerly the Australian Film Institute Awards, also known as the AFI Awards) which rewards achievements in Australian feature film, television, documentary and short films.

The academy is composed of 15 chapters, each of which represents different screen artists including actors, directors, producers and writers, and it is overseen by the academy's president and the Honorary Council. Australian actor Geoffrey Rush was the inaugural president from 2011 to 2017, and hosted the inaugural AACTA Awards in January 2012.
Nicole Asinugo
Nicole Asinugo is a Nigerian screenwriter, producer and storyteller. She was the Joint Winner of the Africa Magic Viewers’ Choice Awards for Best writer in a Movie or TV series in 2020 for her first screenplay, Living in Bondage: Breaking Free. She was also the screenwriter for the Nollywood movie, Rattlesnake which was released in November 2020. She is the storyteller and content curator for World Expo 2020 in United Arab Emirates, after her previous role as lead editor and content producer in Ndani TV.

Nollywood
Nollywood, a portmanteau of Nigeria and Hollywood, is a sobriquet that originally referred to the Nigerian film industry. The origin of the term goes back to the early 2000s, traced to an article in The New York Times. Due to the history of evolving meanings and contexts, there is no clear or agreed-upon definition for the term, which has made it a subject of several controversies.
Itondy
Itondy is a town and commune (Malagasy: kaominina) in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Miandrivazo, which is a part of the Menabe Region. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 12,000 in the 2001 commune census.

Only primary schooling is available. The majority (70%) of the population of the commune are farmers, while an additional 25% receives their livelihood from raising livestock. The primary crop is rice, while other important products include maize and cassava.  Services provide employment for 5% of the population.

Menabe
Menabe is a region in western Madagascar, with its capital at Morondava. It covers an area of 46,121 square kilometres (17,807 square miles), and its population was 700,577 in 2018. The population mostly belongs to the Sakalava ethnic group. The region is named after the 18th-century Sakalava Kingdom of Menabe (16th–18th centuries). The name "Menabe", in turn, means "big red", after the color of laterite rock that dominates the landscape.
Spike Maynard
Elliott E. "Spike" Maynard (December 8, 1942 – May 1, 2014) was an American lawyer and former judge from West Virginia. In 1996 he was elected as a Democrat to the Supreme Court of Appeals of West Virginia. A judge of West Virginia's 30th Judicial Circuit for over 16 years, he was elected as a Democrat to a 12-year term on the Supreme Court of Appeals of West Virginia in 1996.

In 2010, Maynard switched parties and won the Republican nomination to challenge longtime Democratic U.S. Representative Nick Rahall in West Virginia's 3rd congressional district. On November 2, 2010, Maynard was defeated in his election bid in the second-closest election in Rahall's political history.

Charleston Gazette-Mail
The Charleston Gazette-Mail is a non-daily morning newspaper in Charleston, West Virginia. It is the product of a July 2015 merger between The Charleston Gazette and the Charleston Daily Mail. It is one of nine papers owned by HD Media.  It publishes Tuesday-Saturday, with the Saturday paper being dated "Weekend", with updates on its website on Sundays and Mondays.
The London Muddy Waters Sessions
The London Muddy Waters Sessions is a studio album by Muddy Waters, released in 1972 on Chess Records. A follow-up to 1971's The London Howlin' Wolf Sessions, the concept was to combine American bluesmen with British and Irish blues/rock stars. The album was an attempt to capitalise on the increasing popularity of traditional blues music and blues artists in Britain.

The London Muddy Waters Sessions won the 1972 Grammy Award for Best Ethnic or Traditional Folk Recording; it marked the second of six times that Muddy Waters would win that award.

Mitch Mitchell
John Graham "Mitch" Mitchell (9 July 1946 – 12 November 2008) was an English rock and jazz drummer, best known for his contributions in the Jimi Hendrix Experience, for which he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1992. He was inducted into the Modern Drummer Hall of Fame in 2009. In 2016, Mitchell was ranked number 8 in Rolling Stone magazine's list of the "100 Greatest Drummers of All Time".
Edith Hazard
Edith Hazard (née Loudon; born 15 February 1964 in Perth, Scotland) is a Scottish curler, a 2002 World champion.

She played for Great Britain at the 1998 Winter Olympics.

She was a member of an expert group in the World Curling Federation, who explained what kind of curling could be added as a second medal discipline to the Winter Olympics, concluding that it should be mixed doubles curling.

Curling at the 1998 Winter Olympics
Curling at the 1998 Winter Olympics took place at Karuizawa, who had hosted the equestrian events at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo. The 1998 Nagano Olympics marked the first time that curling was held as an official Olympic sport. It was the first time the same city hosted events for both the Summer and Winter Olympics.
Thap Thiang subdistrict
Thap Thiang Subdistrict (Thai: ทับเที่ยง, pronounced [tʰáp̚.tʰîǎːŋ]) is a tambon (sub-district) of Mueang Trang District, Trang Province regarded as the administrative center of the province. Thap Thiang has an area of 14.77 km2 (about 5.70 mi2) and a population of 59,637 people in 2017.

Trang province
Trang (Thai: ตรัง, Thai pronunciation: [trāŋ]; Malay: Terang), also called Mueang Thap Thiang, is one of the southern provinces (changwat) of Thailand, on the west side of the Malay Peninsula facing the Strait of Malacca. Neighboring provinces are (from north clockwise) Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Phatthalung, and Satun.

Trang was formerly a port involved in foreign trade. It was the first place where rubber was planted in Thailand. Phraya Ratsadanupradit Mahison Phakdi brought rubber saplings from Malaya and planted them here in 1899, and rubber is now an important export of the country. The Trang River flows through the province from its origin in the Khao Luang mountain range, and the Palian River flows from the Banthat mountains. The province of Trang has an area of approximately 5,000 square km and 199 km of Strait of Malacca shoreline.
1987 Dunhill Cup
The 1987 Dunhill Cup was the third Dunhill Cup. It was a team tournament featuring 16 countries, each represented by three players. The Cup was played 1–4 October at the Old Course at St Andrews in Scotland. The sponsor was the Alfred Dunhill company. The English team of Gordon J. Brand, Howard Clark, and Nick Faldo beat the Scottish team of Gordon Brand Jnr, Sandy Lyle, and Sam Torrance in the final.

Alfred Dunhill
Alfred Dunhill FRSA (30 September 1872 – 2 January 1959) was an English tobacconist, entrepreneur and inventor. He is the progenitor of Alfred Dunhill Limited, a London-based luxury goods firm (owned by Swiss company Richemont), and the Dunhill tobacco products company owned by British American Tobacco (now two independently owned entities).

From 1893 Dunhill ran a company selling motoring accessories, and in 1902 opened a shop in Mayfair. He developed a pipe designed for motorists in 1904. He opened a tobacconist's shop in St James's in 1907, offering tailored tobacco blends. Shops were opened in New York and Paris during the 1920s. With his international ambitions, Dunhill helped to create the modern luxury goods market. He retired from business in 1929 and married his mistress in 1945, following the death of his wife.
Partridge berry
The name partridgeberry is commonly applied to a number of plant species including:

Mitchella repens

Gaultheria procumbens

Vaccinium vitis-idaea (in Newfoundland and Labrador), better known as lingonberry

Vaccinium vitis-idaea
Vaccinium vitis-idaea is a small evergreen shrub in the heath family, Ericaceae. It is known colloquially as the lingonberry, partridgeberry, foxberry, mountain cranberry, or cowberry. It is native to boreal forest and Arctic tundra throughout the Northern Hemisphere. Commercially cultivated in the United States Pacific Northwest and the Netherlands, the edible berries are also picked in the wild and used in various dishes, especially in Nordic cuisine, and among many other cuisines around the world.
March Comes In like a Lion (film)
March Comes In like a Lion (3月のライオン, Sangatsu no Raion) is a two-part Japanese film directed by Keishi Ōtomo, starring Ryunosuke Kamiki and based on the manga series of the same name written and illustrated by Chica Umino. The film was released in Japan by Toho and Asmik Ace in 2017 in two parts, with the first part released on March 18 and the second released on April 22.

The theme song for the first film is Japanese rapper Boku no Lyric no Bōyomi's song "Be Noble", while the second film's theme song is a cover of Spitz' "Haru no Uta" (2005) by singer Sakura Fujiwara.

Chica Umino
Chica Umino (羽海野 チカ, Umino Chika; born August 30, 1965) is the pen name of a pseudonymous Japanese manga artist, designer and illustrator.

Umino is noted for being the author and creator of the Honey and Clover series, for which she received the Kodansha Manga Award in 2003, and which has been adapted into an anime series, produced by J.C.Staff.
Sociality and disease transmission
Groups of animals and humans that live in places with high population density have an increased risk of disease prevalence. In looking at sociality and disease transmission, an examination of how social grouping strategies may reduce or increase the spread of disease is critical for the health of large groups of people. Social groups, community structures, and cultures affect the use of different strategies and behaviors to reduce the spread of disease.

Large groups can help reduce the spread of disease by having clean, uncontaminated water and food supplies. Another way groups can reduce the spread of disease is through avoiding contact with individuals in the community that are ill. For example, social distancing, utilized during the COVID-19 pandemic, is an infection control technique that involves maintaining physical distance and reducing close contact between individuals.

Prevalence
In epidemiology, prevalence is the proportion of a particular population found to be affected by a medical condition (typically a disease or a risk factor such as smoking or seatbelt use) at a specific time. It is derived by comparing the number of people found to have the condition with the total number of people studied and is usually expressed as a fraction, a percentage, or the number of cases per 10,000 or 100,000 people. Prevalence is most often used in questionnaire studies.
Jake Witt
Jake Witt (born February 7, 2000) is an American former professional football offensive tackle. Witt played college football for the Northern Michigan Wildcats and was drafted by the Indianapolis Colts of the National Football League (NFL). He was a tight end with Northern Michigan before a position change during the 2021 season. He had previously played college basketball at Michigan Tech.

Michigan Tech Huskies
Michigan Technological University's sports teams are called the Huskies. The Huskies participate in NCAA Division II as a member of the Great Lakes Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (GLIAC), a member of the Central Collegiate Ski Association for men's and women's nordic skiing, and NCAA Division I Central Collegiate Hockey Association (CCHA) for men's ice hockey.
2001 in music
This is a list of notable events in music that took place in the year 2001.

3.2 billion units were sold with a value of US$33.7 billion. DVD-Audio and Super Audio CD first rose to prominence in 2001, with approximately 600 titles available in these formats. Portable music grew in popularity after Apple Inc. released the iTunes media library on January 9 and the first iPod music player device on October 23. Worldwide, the best-selling albums were Hybrid Theory (2000) by Linkin Park, No Angel (1999) by Dido, and Survivor (2001) by Destiny's Child. The best-selling non-English album was Cieli di Toscana (transl. Tuscan Skies; 2001) by Italian tenor Andrea Bocelli, which topped the charts in the Netherlands and Sweden and was the 23rd best-selling album globally.

Super Audio CD
Super Audio CD (SACD) is an optical disc format for audio storage introduced in 1999. It was developed jointly by Sony and Philips Electronics and intended to be the successor to the compact disc (CD) format.

The SACD format allows multiple audio channels (i.e., surround sound or multichannel sound). It also provides a higher bit rate and longer playing time than a conventional CD.

An SACD is designed to be played on an SACD player. A hybrid SACD contains a Compact Disc Digital Audio (CDDA) layer and can also be played on a standard CD player.
2015 Citi Open – Men's doubles
The 2015 Citi Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the William H.G. FitzGerald Tennis Center in Rock Creek Park, Washington, D.C.

Jean-Julien Rojer and Horia Tecău were the defending champions, but chose not to participate in the 2015 Citi Open.

Bob and Mike Bryan won the title, defeating Ivan Dodig and Marcelo Melo in the final, 6–4, 6–2.

Austin Krajicek
Austin Krajicek (/ˈkraɪtʃɛk/ KRYE-chek; born June 16, 1990) is an American professional tennis player who specializes in doubles. He has been ranked as high as world No. 1 in doubles by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) in June 2023. He also reached a best singles ranking of No. 94 in October 2015.

Krajicek has won 15 doubles titles on the ATP Tour. Since partnering with Ivan Dodig in 2021, Krajicek has won one ATP 1000 title at 2023 Monte Carlo Masters, and his first major title at the 2023 French Open, a victory that crowned him the ATP world No. 1 in June 2023.

A former player for Texas A&M University, Krajicek won the national doubles title at the 2011 NCAA Division I Tennis Championships, the first in the program's history. He turned professional in 2012 and made his top 100 singles debut in 2015, a year in which he made the quarterfinals of the ATP 500 in Tokyo and broke through on the major level by reaching the second round of the US Open.
Sékou Kouréissy Condé
Sékou Kouréissy Condé (born 1954) is a Guinean politician and academic.

Condé was born in Kouroussa. After the death of his father, he lived with his uncle, El Hadj Sorry. He received a grant to study in the Czech Republic specifically at Charles University in Prague. In 1985 he received a doctorate in criminology and moved to Germany where he worked as an assistant specialising in African affairs for the Christian Democratic Union (CDU/CSU).

After some years of exile, he returned to Guinea in 1993 and founded his own political party, ARENA. In 1997, President Lansana Conté appointed him as Minister of Security. At the end of his service, he went into exile in the United States, together with another former minister, Kassory Fofana.

Condé is currently teaching at Columbia University and New York University's Institute of African-American Affairs and the Africana Studies Program, and President and co-founded of the American Council on Africa.

Kouroussa
Kouroussa or Kurussa (N’ko: ߞߙߎ߬ߛߊ߫) is a town located in northeastern Guinea, and is the capital of Kouroussa Prefecture. As of 2014 it had a population of 39,611 people. A trade center and river port from at least the time of the Mali Empire, Kouroussa has long relied upon its position near the upstream limit of navigation of the Niger River to make it an important crossroads for people and goods moving between the Guinea coast and the states of the western Soudan and Niger River valley. The town and surrounding area is a center of Malinke culture, and is known for its Djembe drumming tradition.