hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Directed acyclic graph
In mathematics, particularly graph theory, and computer science, a directed acyclic graph (DAG) is a directed graph with no directed cycles. That is, it consists of vertices and edges (also called arcs), with each edge directed from one vertex to another, such that following those directions will never form a closed loop. A directed graph is a DAG if and only if it can be topologically ordered, by arranging the vertices as a linear ordering that is consistent with all edge directions. DAGs have numerous scientific and computational applications, ranging from biology (evolution, family trees, epidemiology) to information science (citation networks) to computation (scheduling).

Directed acyclic graphs are also called acyclic directed graphs or acyclic digraphs.

Path (graph theory)
In graph theory, a path in a graph is a finite or infinite sequence of edges which joins a sequence of vertices which, by most definitions, are all distinct (and since the vertices are distinct, so are the edges). A directed path (sometimes called dipath) in a directed graph is a finite or infinite sequence of edges which joins a sequence of distinct vertices, but with the added restriction that the edges be all directed in the same direction.

Paths are fundamental concepts of graph theory, described in the introductory sections of most graph theory texts. See e.g. Bondy & Murty (1976), Gibbons (1985), or Diestel (2005). Korte et al. (1990) cover more advanced algorithmic topics concerning paths in graphs.
Sunil Lanba
Admiral Sunil Lanba, PVSM, AVSM, PJG, ADC (born 17 July 1957) is a retired Indian naval officer who served as the 23rd Chief of the Naval Staff of the Indian Navy. He assumed the office on 31 May 2016 after Admiral Robin K. Dhowan and demitted office three years later on 31 May 2019. During this time, he also served as Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee and Honorary Aide-de-Camp to the President of India.

Ati Vishisht Seva Medal
Ati Vishisht Seva Medal (AVSM, lit. 'Very Distinguished Service Medal') is a military award of India given to recognize "distinguished service of an exceptional order" to all ranks of the armed forces. The award is a peacetime equivalent of Uttam Yuddh Seva Medal, which is a Wartime Distinguished Service decoration.

The award can also be granted posthumously. Subsequent awards are represented by a bar worn on the ribbon. The awardee can use "AVSM" as post-nominal letters.
Mary Magdalen, Ipswich
The Church of St Mary Magdalen is a Roman Catholic church in Ipswich, in the county of Suffolk, England. It is dedicated to Jesus' companion Mary Magdalene. It was founded in 1956 and is part of the Roman Catholic Diocese of East Anglia. It was originally a part of the parish of Saint Pancras. It was built in 1959 and became a locally listed building in 2021.

St Pancras Church, Ipswich
Saint Pancras is an active Roman Catholic parish church serving the town centre of Ipswich, England. The neo-Gothic church was built as part of the British Catholic revival in the nineteenth century, and was the target of anti-Catholic riots soon after completion.
Autrans
Autrans (French pronunciation: [otʁɑ̃]) is a former commune in the Isère department in the Rhône-Alpes region of south-eastern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Autrans-Méaudre-en-Vercors.

At the 1968 Winter Olympics in Grenoble, it hosted the biathlon, cross-country skiing, Nordic combined, and the ski jumping normal hill events.

The commune has been awarded one flower by the National Council of Towns and Villages in Bloom in the Competition of cities and villages in Bloom.

Méaudre
Méaudre (French pronunciation: [meodʁ]) is a former commune in the Isère department in southeastern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Autrans-Méaudre-en-Vercors.

It is located in the valley of the Vercors with ski resorts.
United States Army Center for Initial Military Training
Basic Training in the United States Army is the initial training for new military personnel typified by intense physical activity, psychological stress and the development of social cohesion. The United States Army Center for Initial Military Training (USACIMT) was created in 2009 under the U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command to oversee training related issues.

Fort Jackson (South Carolina)
Fort Jackson is a United States Army Installation. The US Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) operates one of four Basic Combat Training (BCT) programs on this installation.  Fort Jackson is named for Andrew Jackson, a United States Army general and the seventh president of the United States (1829–1837) who was born in the border region of North and South Carolina.
Expo/La Brea station
Expo/La Brea station is an elevated light rail station on the E Line of the Los Angeles Metro Rail system. The station is located over the intersection of Exposition Boulevard and La Brea Avenue, after which the station is named, in the West Adams neighborhood of Los Angeles.

The official name of the station changed to Expo/La Brea/Ethel Bradley on October 10, 2015, in honor of Ethel Bradley, the wife of former Los Angeles mayor Tom Bradley.

West Adams, Los Angeles
West Adams is a neighborhood in the South Los Angeles region of Los Angeles, California. The neighborhood is known for its large number of historic buildings, structures, notable houses, and mansions. It contains several Historic Preservation Overlay Zones as well as designated historic districts.
Mojtame-ye Chah Molla
Mojtame-ye Chah Molla (Persian: مجتمع چاه ملا, also Romanized as Mojtame`-ye Chāh Mollā) is a village in Rudbar Rural District, in the Central District of Rudbar-e Jonubi County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 336, in 79 families.

Rudbar Rural District (Rudbar-e Jonubi County)
Rudbar Rural District (Persian: دهستان رودبار) is in the Central District of Rudbar-e Jonubi County, Kerman province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Firuzabad. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Eslamabad.
The Creation (band)
The Creation are an English rock band, formed in 1966. Their best-known songs are "Making Time", which was one of the first rock songs to feature a guitar played with a bow, and "Painter Man", which made the top 40 on the UK Singles Chart in late 1966, and reached No. 8 on the German chart in April 1967. It was covered by Boney M in 1979, and reached the No. 10 position on the UK chart.  "Making Time" was used in the film Rushmore, and as the theme song from season 2 onwards of The Great Pottery Throw Down.

Creation biographer Sean Egan defined their style as "a unique hybrid of pop, rock, psychedelia and the avant garde."

Mick Avory
Michael Charles Avory (born 15 February 1944) is an English musician, best known as the longtime drummer and percussionist for the English rock band the Kinks. He joined them shortly after their formation in 1964 and remained with them until 1984, when he left amid creative friction with guitarist Dave Davies. He is the longest-serving member of the band, apart from the Davies brothers. He is also the most prolific member, again apart from the Davies brothers, who has played on twenty studio albums or nearly all of the band's creative output.
Ingleton branch line
The Ingleton branch line was a rural railway line in the West Riding of Yorkshire, Lancashire and Westmorland in England (now North Yorkshire, Lancashire and Cumbria). It was originally planned in 1846 to form part of a main line route from London to Scotland, but fell victim to rivalry between railway companies. Completion was delayed until 1861, and it was only ever a rural branch line, serving the village of Ingleton and towns of Kirkby Lonsdale and Sedbergh. It closed to passengers in 1954 and was dismantled in 1967.

Westmorland
Westmorland (/ˈwɛstmərlənd/, formerly also spelt Westmoreland) is an area of North West England which was historically a county. The area included part of the Lake District and the southern Vale of Eden, and its inhabitants were known as Westmerians.

The county had an administrative function from the 12th century until 1974, when it was subsumed into Cumbria together with Cumberland, the Sedbergh area of Yorkshire, and the Furness area of Lancashire. It gives its name to the Westmorland and Furness unitary authority area, which covers a larger area than the historic county.
Cal State Fullerton Titans women's basketball
The Cal State Fullerton Titans women's basketball team is the basketball team that represents California State University, Fullerton in Fullerton, California.  The school's team currently competes in the Big West Conference.

AIAW women's basketball tournament
The AIAW women's basketball tournament was a national tournament for women's collegiate basketball teams in the United States, held annually from 1972 to 1982.  The winners of the AIAW tournaments from 1972 to 1981 are recognized as the national champions for those years.
Este (woreda)
Este was one of the 105 woredas in the Amhara Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Debub Gondar Zone, Este was bordered on the south by the Abay River which separated it from the Misraq Gojjam Zone, on the west by Dera, on the northwest by Fogera, on the north by Farta, on the northeast by Lay Gayint, and on the east by Simada; part of this woreda's boundary with Simada was defined by the Wanka, a tributary of the Abay. Towns in Este included Jara Gedo and Mekane Yesus, as well as the historic settlement of Mahdere Maryam. Este was divided for Mirab Este and Misraq Este woredas.

Fogera
Fogera (Amharic: ፎገራ) is a woreda in Amhara Region, Ethiopia. Fogera is part of the Debub Gondar Zone. The district is bordered on the south by Dera, on the west by Lake Tana on the north by the Reb which separates it from Kemekem, on the northeast by Ebenat, and on the east by Farta.

The administrative center for this woreda is Wereta City. Other cities in Fogera include Alem Ber city.
E Carinae
The Bayer designations e Carinae and E Carinae are distinct and the designation e Carinae is shared by two stars in the constellation Carina:

for e1 Carinae, see HD 73390

for e2 Carinae, see HD 73389

for E Carinae, see V345 Carinae

Carina (constellation)
Carina (/kəˈraɪnə, kəˈriːnə/ kə-RY-nə, -⁠REE-) is a constellation in the southern sky. Its name is Latin for the keel of a ship, and it was the southern foundation of the larger constellation of Argo Navis (the ship Argo) until it was divided into three pieces, the other two being Puppis (the poop deck), and Vela (the sails of the ship).
Philip of Castile
Philip of Castile (Spanish: Felipe de Castilla y Suabia; 1231 – 28 November 1274) was an Infante of Castile and son of Ferdinand III, King of Castile and León, and his first queen, Beatrice of Swabia. He was Lord of Valdecorneja, and, according to some sources, Knight of the Order of the Temple, in one of those churches, the Church of Santa María la Blanca in Villalcázar de Sirga, he was buried in a coffin adorned with emblems of the Templars.

An archbishop-elect of Seville, he was also abbot of the Collegiate church of Santa María la Mayor in Valladolid and of the Collegiate Church of Saints Cosme and Damian in Covarrubias until 1258, when he left his ecclesiastical career with the consent of his brother, King Alfonso X, despite the latter's opposition, and married Christina of Norway, daughter of King Haakon IV of Norway.

Luis de Salazar y Castro
Luis Bartolomé de Salazar y Castro (born 24 August 1658 in Valladolid, died 9 February 1734 in Madrid) was a Spanish genealogist. Called by some the "prince of genealogists," he is one of the most cited Spanish chroniclers. The collection of documents he gathered throughout his life, preserved in the Royal Academy of History of Spain, is one of the basic sources for the research of Iberian lineages.
Hidekazu Otani
Hidekazu Otani (大谷 秀和, Otani Hidekazu; born 6 November 1984) is a Japanese football manager and former professional player who played as a defensive midfielder. He made over 600 career appearances for Kashiwa Reysol and stayed with them for his entire career. He is the currently coach for J1 League club Kashiwa Reysol.

2010 J.League Division 2
The 2010 J. League Division 2 season was the 39th season of the second-tier club football in Japan and the 12th season since the establishment of J2 League.  The season began on March 6 and ended on December 4.

In this season, the number of participating clubs was increased by one, making the total number, nineteen.  As opposed to the last two seasons, clubs will play double-round robin, instead of triple-round robin.  At the end of the season, the top three clubs were promoted to J. League Division 1 for the 2011 season. Furthermore, there was no relegation to the third-tier Japan Football League.
Hupac
Hupac is a railway company in Switzerland. It primarily provides international intermodal freight shipment, but has also engaged in rolling stock procurement and leasing activities.

Founded in 1967 to challenge traditional road haulage, Hupac has progressively expanded its services. During 1976, the firm decided to start offering a rolling highway service which was later expanded internationally. During 1990, the company started organising shuttle trains, by 2011, its Shuttle Net service was operating 130 intermodal trains per day. Various long-distance freight routes have been operated, such as between Scandinavia and Italy, Spain and Russia, and the Netherlands and Romania. Hupac is a member of the UIRR.

UIRR
The UIRR, short for "Union internationale pour le transport combiné Rail-Route" (or: International Union for Road-Rail combined transport) is a European organisation promoting intermodal transport. It was founded in 1970, and celebrated its 40th anniversary at a conference in Brussels.

The UIRR is a partner of the UIC. It has participated in various projects on modal shift, emissions reduction, rail market liberalisation, and environmental issues.

The UIRR was founded by eight intermodal transport companies, and its membership now includes 19 businesses across Europe.

The UIRR is a member of the Group of Representative Bodies.
Preprophase
Preprophase is an additional phase during mitosis in plant cells that does not occur in other eukaryotes such as animals or fungi. It precedes prophase and is characterized by two distinct events:

The formation of the preprophase band, a dense microtubule ring underneath the plasma membrane.

The initiation of microtubule nucleation at the nuclear envelope.

Plant cell
Plant cells are the cells present in green plants, photosynthetic eukaryotes of the kingdom Plantae. Their distinctive features include primary cell walls containing cellulose, hemicelluloses and pectin, the presence of plastids with the capability to perform photosynthesis and store starch, a large vacuole that regulates turgor pressure, the absence of flagella or centrioles, except in the gametes, and a unique method of cell division involving the formation of a cell plate or phragmoplast that separates the new daughter cells.
Sutte Hakkun
Sutte Hakkun is a 1997 action puzzle video game developed by Indieszero with Nintendo R&D2 and published by Nintendo. It was created for the Super Famicom's add-on, the Satellaview, first datacasting the game on November 2, 1997. Three different updates involving new puzzles were released from 1998 to 1999. The game received its first re-release outside of Japan on the Nintendo Classics service on January 24, 2025.

Nintendo Power (cartridge)
Nintendo Power (Japanese: ニンテンドウパワー, Hepburn: Nintendō Pawā) was a video game distribution service for Super Famicom or Game Boy operated by Nintendo that ran exclusively in Japan from September 1997 until February 2007. The service allowed users to download Super Famicom or Game Boy titles onto a special flash memory cartridge for a lower price than that of a pre-written ROM cartridge.

At its launch, the service initially offered only Super Famicom titles. Game Boy titles began being offered on March 1, 2000. The service was ultimately discontinued on February 28, 2007.
Angelica Kauffman
Maria Anna Angelika Kauffmann RA (/ˈkaʊfmən/ KOWF-mən; 30 October 1741 – 5 November 1807), usually known in English as Angelica Kauffman, was a Swiss painter who had a successful career in London and Rome. Remembered primarily as a history painter, Kauffman was a skilled portraitist, landscape and decoration painter. She was, along with Mary Moser, one of two female painters among the founding members of the Royal Academy of Art in London in 1768.

Accademia di San Luca
The Accademia di San Luca (English: Academy of Saint Luke) is an Italian academy of artists in Rome. The establishment of the Accademia de i Pittori e Scultori di Roma was approved by papal brief in 1577, and in 1593 Federico Zuccari became its first principe or director; the statutes were ratified in 1607.: 30  Other founders included Girolamo Muziano and Pietro Olivieri. The Academy was named for Luke the Evangelist, the patron saint of painters.

From the late sixteenth century until it moved to its present location at the Palazzo Carpegna, it was based in an urban block by the Roman Forum and although these buildings no longer survive, the Academy church of Santi Luca e Martina, does. Designed by the Baroque architect, Pietro da Cortona, its main façade overlooks the Forum.
2023 Leagues Cup knockout stage
The knockout stage of the 2023 Leagues Cup was the second and final stage of the competition, following the group stage. The knockout stage began on August 2 and concluded with the final on August 19. The top two teams from each group advanced to the knockout stage to compete in a single-elimination tournament. There were 32 matches in the knockout stage, including a third-place play-off played between the two losing teams of the semi-finals.

2023 Leagues Cup final
The 2023 Leagues Cup final was the final match of the third edition of the Leagues Cup, a soccer tournament played between clubs from Major League Soccer (MLS) and Liga MX. The match was played on August 19, 2023, at Geodis Park in Nashville, Tennessee, United States. It was contested by hosts Nashville SC and Inter Miami CF, both MLS expansion teams who had yet to win a competitive trophy since joining the league in 2020.

Miami took the lead in the first half through a goal from Lionel Messi, while Fafà Picault equalized after half-time for Nashville; the match remained tied 1–1 after regulation time. In the ensuing penalty shootout, Inter Miami CF won 10–9 with the final round contested by the two goalkeepers for both teams. Miami's goalkeeper Drake Callender won man of the match honors for his play throughout the match, including his save on Elliot Panicco in the penalty shootout and his successful penalty to win the title for his team.
Frederick A. Halsey
Frederick Arthur Halsey (July 12, 1856 – October 20, 1935) was an American mechanical engineer and economist, who was long-time editor of the American Machinist magazine, and particularly known for his 1891 article titled "The premium plan of paying for labor."

Hugo Diemer
Hugo Diemer (November 18, 1870 – March 3, 1939) was an American engineer, management consultant, and professor at the Penn State University, who in 1910 published the first industrial engineering textbook: Factory Organization and Administration.
Battle of Cedar Creek order of battle: Confederate
The following Confederate States Army units and commanders fought in the October 19, 1864 Battle of Cedar Creek, the culminating battle of the Valley Campaigns of 1864 during the American Civil War. Order of battle compiled from the army organization during the campaign. The Union order of battle is listed separately.

General officers in the Confederate States Army
The general officers of the Confederate States Army (CSA) were the senior military leaders of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War of 1861–1865. They were often former officers from the United States Army (the regular army) before the Civil War, while others were given the rank based on merit or when necessity demanded. Most Confederate generals needed confirmation from the Confederate States Congress, much like prospective generals in the modern U.S. armed forces.

Like all of the Confederacy's military forces, these generals answered to their civilian leadership, in particular Jefferson Davis, the president of the Confederate States of America and therefore commander-in-chief of the military forces of the Confederate States.
Hank Penny
Herbert Clayton Penny (September 18, 1918 – April 17, 1992) was an American musician who sang and played banjo mainly in the Western swing subgenre of country music. He blended country and western music with dixieland, swing, and most notably bebop jazz styles, earning the nickname “the king of hillbilly bebop”. He also worked as a comedian best known for his backwoods character "That Plain Ol' Country Boy" on TV with Spade Cooley. He was married to country singer Sue Thompson from 1953–63.

King Records (United States)
King Records is an American label founded in 1943 by Syd Nathan in Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. The label owned several divisions, including Federal Records, which launched the career of James Brown. It released original material until 1975.
Gene Louw
Eugene "Gene" Louw, (15 July 1931 – 12 October 2015), was a South African politician, member of the National Party, MP for Durbanville and Paarl, who was administrator for Cape Province (1979–1989),  Minister of Home Affairs (1989–1992), National Education (1989–1990), Public Works (1992–1993) and Defence (1992–1993) in the F.W. de Klerk government.

Louw retired from political life in 1994 to return to his work as a lawyer in Durbanville.

Minister of Defence and Military Veterans
The minister of defence and military veterans (formerly the minister of defence) is a minister in the Government of South Africa, who is responsible for overseeing the Department of Defence, the Department of Military Veterans and the South African National Defence Force.
Gerezani
Gerezani (Kata ya Gerezani, in Swahili)  is an administrative ward of the Ilala Municipical Council of  the Dar es Salaam Region in Tanzania. The Kariakoo and Mchikichini wards border the ward on its northern side. The ward is bordered by Mchafukoge to the east. Ilala ward borders the ward to the west. The ward is bordered to the south by the Keko and Kurasini wards of the Temeke District. Before 1940, the Gerezani ward was constructed for Railways Corporation's White employees. 
The Mkuki Mall and the Jakaya M. Kiwete Youth Park are located in the Gerezani ward. According to the 2022 census, the ward has a total population of 5,786.

Ilala District, Dar es Salaam
Ilala District, officially the Ilala Municipal Council (Halimashauri ya Manispaaa ya Ilala, in Swahili) is one of five districts of the Dar es Salaam Region of Tanzania. The district is bordered to the north and northeast by Kinondoni District and Ubungo District, to the east by the Zanzibar Channel, the west by Pwani Region, and to the south by the Temeke District. It covers an area of 364.9 km2 (140.9 sq mi).  The district is comparable in size to the land area of U.S Virgin Islands.  The administrative seat is Mchafukoge. The 2022 National Tanzania Census states the population for Ilala as 1,649,912.
ASK Karditsas B.C.
A.S. Karditsas (Greek: Α.Σ. Καρδίτσας K.A.E.), is a Greek professional basketball club that is based in Karditsa, Greece. The club's full name is Athlitikos Syllogos Karditsas (Αθλητικός Σύλλογος Καρδίτσας), which is also abbreviated as A.S.K. (Α.Σ.Κ), or A.S. Karditsas (Α.Σ. Καρδίτσας). The club's colors are white and blue.

Greek Elite League
The Greek Elite League (Greek: Ελληνική Ελίτ Λιγκ), is a professional basketball league in Greece. It is the 2nd-tier level of pro competition, among clubs in the country. It is organized by the Hellenic Basketball Federation.