hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Seleucid Dynastic Wars
The Seleucid Dynastic Wars were a series of wars of succession that were fought between competing branches of the Seleucid royal household for control of the Seleucid Empire.  Beginning as a by-product of several succession crises that arose from the reigns of Seleucus IV Philopator and his brother Antiochus IV Epiphanes in the 170s and 160s, the wars typified the final years of the empire and were an important cause of its decline as a major power in the Near East and Hellenistic world. The last war ended with the collapse of the kingdom and its annexation by the Roman Republic in 63 BC.

Demetrius II Nicator
Demetrius II Nicator (Ancient Greek: Δημήτριος Β`, Dēmḗtrios B; Ancient Greek: Νικάτωρ, Nikátōr, "Victor"; died 125 BC) was one of the sons of Demetrius I Soter. His mother may have been Laodice V, as was the case with his brother Antiochus VII Sidetes. Demetrius ruled the Seleucid Empire for two periods, separated by a number of years of captivity in Hyrcania in Parthia, first from September 145 BC to July/August 138 BC, and again from 129 BC until his death in 125 BC. His brother Antiochus VII ruled the Seleucid Empire in the interim between his two reigns.
2017 Swiss Athletics Championships
The 2017 Swiss Athletics Championships (German: Schweizer Leichtathletik-Meisterschaften 2017) was the year's national outdoor track and field championships for Switzerland. It was held on 21 and 22 July at the Letzigrund in Zürich.

It served as the selection meeting for Switzerland at the 2017 World Championships in Athletics.

Swiss Athletics Championships
The Swiss Athletics Championships (German: Leichtathletik Schweizermeisterschaften, French: Championnats Suisses Elites d’Athlétisme) is an annual outdoor track and field competition organised by the Swiss Athletics Federation, which serves as the national championships for the sport in Switzerland. The two-day event is typically held in mid-summer and the venue varies on an annual basis. It is open to adults of all ages and is thus referred to as the senior or élite championships.

The competition was initiated as a men-only event in 1906, with women's events being given national championship status in 1936.
Prince of Arcot
The Prince of Arcot (also known as Amir-e-Arcot) is a hereditary and titular position held by the head of the House of Arcot, a noble Muslim family based in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Although it holds no sovereign power, the title continues to carry ceremonial, religious, and cultural significance in South India.

Carnatic Sultanate
The Carnatic Sultanate, also known as Carnatic State or Arcot State, was a kingdom in southern India between about 1690 and 1855, ruled by a Muslim nawab under the legal purview of the Nizam of Hyderabad, until their demise. They initially had their capital at Arcot in the present-day Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Their rule is an important period in the history of the Carnatic and Coromandel Coast regions, in which the Mughal Empire gave way to the rising influence of the Maratha India, and later the emergence of the British India.
Qrisp
Free and open-source software portal

Eclipse Qrisp (also referred to as Qrisp) is an open-source high-level quantum programming framework designed to simplify the implementation and development of quantum algorithms. Initially developed by Fraunhofer FOKUS  (Quality Engineering unit, Berlin), Qrisp enables programmers to write complex quantum circuits using familiar constructs (variables, loops, etc.) while automating low-level tasks like gate assembly and qubit management. Its design shifts the emphasis from hardware-specific gate manipulation to modern software paradigms, making quantum code more accessible to classical developers. The framework is written in Python and integrates with standard scientific libraries (e.g. NumPy, NetworkX, TensorFlow).

Qrisp is released as open-source software under an Eclipse Foundation project, and was publicly funded by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action for its initial development.

TensorFlow
TensorFlow is a software library for machine learning and artificial intelligence. It can be used across a range of tasks, but is used mainly for training and inference of neural networks. It is one of the most popular deep learning frameworks, alongside others such as PyTorch. It is free and open-source software released under the Apache License 2.0.

It was developed by the Google Brain team for Google's internal use in research and production. The initial version was released under the Apache License 2.0 in 2015. Google released an updated version, TensorFlow 2.0, in September 2019.

TensorFlow can be used in a wide variety of programming languages, including Python, JavaScript, C++, and Java, facilitating its use in a range of applications in many sectors.
Peter Madsen (footballer)
Peter Planch Madsen (born 26 April 1978) is a Danish former professional footballer who played as a striker.

He began and ended his career with Brøndby IF, winning the Danish Superliga three times and finishing as its joint top scorer in 2001–02. Abroad, he totalled 63 games and 18 goals in Germany's Bundesliga for VfL Wolfsburg, VfL Bochum and 1. FC Köln, and had a brief loan to England's Southampton in 2006.

Madsen played 13 games and scored three goals for the Denmark national team between 2001 and 2005. He was part of their squads at the 2002 FIFA World Cup and UEFA Euro 2004.

2001–02 Danish Superliga
The 2001–02 Danish Superliga season was the 12th season of the Danish Superliga league championship, governed by the Danish Football Association. It took place from the first match on July 21, 2001, to final match on May 16, 2002.

The Danish champions qualified for the second UEFA Champions League 2002–03 qualification round, while the second and third placed teams qualified for the first qualification round of the UEFA Cup 2002–03. The fourth placed team qualified for the UEFA Intertoto Cup 2002, while the two lowest placed teams of the tournament was directly relegated to the Danish 1st Division. Likewise, the Danish 1st Division champions and runners-up were promoted to the Superliga.
Moultrie Commercial Historic District
The Moultrie Commercial Historic District, in Moultrie in Colquitt County, Georgia, is a 48 acres (19 ha) historic district which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.  The district is roughly bounded by NE. First Ave., SE. Second Ave., W. First St. and E. Fourth St.  In 1994, the district included 61 contributing buildings and one contributing object.  It also included 17 non-contributing buildings.

The district included three properties which were already separately listed on the National Register:

Colquitt County Courthouse (1902), listed in 1980, designed by A.J. Bryan and Company

Colquitt County Jail (1915), listed in 1980

Carnegie Library of Moultrie (1909), listed in 1982, designed by T.F. Lockwood.

The district includes Colquitt Towers, a former hotel which was called Colquitt Hotel, a four-story Colonial Revival-style building with balustrade and urns on roof and on arched openings.: 7

Colquitt County Jail
Colquitt County Jail is a historic jail building at 126 1st Avenue SE in Moultrie, Georgia that was built in 1915. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

The previous jail was a brick building, the second brick building in Moultrie, that was built in 1892 and was torn down in 1953.  This jail, built in 1915 just to the north of the old one, is "among the most impressive buildings in Moultrie and is one of the county's few examples of Gothic Revival architecture."  It cost about $28,000.
Athanasios Kampitis
Athanasios (usually referred to as Nasos) Kampitis (Naoussa – Veria 1822) was a Greek klepht who was active in the area of Naoussa. He fought in the revolution of Naoussa next to military commanders such as Anastasios Karatasos, Angelis Gatsos and Zafeirakis Theodosiou. He was hanged in 1822 in Veria.

Muhammad Abu Nabbut
Muhammad (Mehmet) Abu Nabbut Agha (Arabic: محمد أبو نبوت) was the governor of Jaffa and Gaza in the early 19th century on behalf of the Ottoman Empire, from 1807 to 1818, as well as the governor of Thessaloniki from 1819 to 1827 during the Greek War of Independence.
Shabaz Masoud
Shabaz Masoud (born 4 March 1996) is a British-Pakistani professional boxer. He has held the IBO super-bantamweight title since November 2024 and the European super-bantamweight title since December 2025.

Bp pulse LIVE
bp pulse LIVE is a multipurpose indoor arena located at the National Exhibition Centre (NEC) in Solihull, England, just outside Birmingham. It has a capacity of 15,685 seats. The venue was built as the seventh hall of the NEC complex. After 18 months of construction, the arena opened as the Birmingham International Arena in December 1980 with a concert by Queen as part of their Flash Gordon Tour.

In 2019, bp pulse LIVE had the 5th highest ticket sales of an arena venue in the United Kingdom. The Ticket Factory was the official box office for the Resorts World Arena. They would eventually be acquired by American ticket outlet AXS from September 2024 when the arena was rebranded as bp pulse LIVE.
Floßbach (Eckbach)
The Floßbach, called the Landgraben in its upper course where, to distinguish it from other streams with the same name, it is also qualified by being referred to as the Grünstädter or Grünstadter Landgraben, is an 8.1-kilometre-long stream and an orographically left-hand headstream of the Eckbach in the northern part of the Anterior Palatinate in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate. The stream runs entirely on the territory of the town of Grünstadt and the two villages of Obersülzen und Dirmstein that belong to the collective municipality of Grünstadt-Land.

Grünstadt
Grünstadt (German pronunciation: [ˈɡʁʏnˌʃtat] ⓘ; Palatine German: Grinnschdadt) is a town in the Bad Dürkheim district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany with roughly 13,200 inhabitants. It does not belong to any Verbandsgemeinde – a kind of collective municipality – but is nonetheless the administrative seat of the Verbandsgemeinde of Leiningerland.
The Petrified Forest
The Petrified Forest is a 1936 American crime drama film directed by Archie Mayo and based on Robert E. Sherwood's 1934 drama of the same name. The motion picture stars Leslie Howard, Bette Davis and Humphrey Bogart. The screenplay was written by Delmer Daves and Charles Kenyon, and adaptations were later performed on radio and television. The film is set in Petrified Forest National Park in Arizona. According to Variety, Warner Bros. Pictures filmed two endings. Howard's character dies in one and survives in the other. In May 1945, Warner Bros. released another film based on Sherwood's play, Escape in the Desert. It pits a Dutch flyer walking across country to San Francisco and others against a bunch of escaped Nazi POWs.

The Screen Guild Theater
The Screen Guild Theater is a radio anthology series broadcast from 1939 until 1952 during the Golden Age of Radio. Leading Hollywood stars performed adaptations of popular motion pictures. Originating on CBS Radio, it aired under several different titles including The Gulf Screen Guild Show, The Gulf Screen Guild Theater, The Lady Esther Screen Guild Theater and The Camel Screen Guild Players. Fees that would ordinarily have been paid to the stars and studios were instead donated to the Motion Picture Relief Fund, and were used for the construction and maintenance of the Motion Picture Country House.
Solkollen
Solkollen is a neighbourhood in the city of Kristiansand in Agder county, Norway. It is located in the borough of Grim and in the district of Hellemyr. Solkollen is located to the north of Breimyr, to the west of the lake Eigevann, and to the north of Vestheiene.

Hellemyr
Hellemyr is a district in the city of Kristiansand in Agder county, Norway. It has a population of 2,990 (in 2014). The district is located in the borough of Grim. The district of Tinnheia lies to the east, the district of Slettheia lies to the south and the district of Grim lies to the north. Hellemyr is the last district to drive through before exiting Kristiansand via the European route E39 highway.

Hellemyr has one elementary school, and the junior high students attend Grim skole. Public transportation is available by bus, Nettbuss connects the district to the city centre in Kvadraturen. Buses from Hellemyr also connect to Tømmerstø. Hellemyr is mostly typical Norwegian residential suburb. Hellemyr Church is located in this district.
Dirk Graham
Dirk Milton Graham (born July 29, 1959) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey forward who played for the Chicago Blackhawks and Minnesota North Stars in the National Hockey League. He was honored in 1991 as the Frank J. Selke Trophy winner for outstanding defensive play by a forward. Graham served as head coach of the Blackhawks for the first 59 games of the 1998–99 season. Graham was both the first NHL captain and head coach of African descent.

International Hockey League
The International Hockey League (IHL) was a minor professional ice hockey league in the United States and Canada that operated from 1945 to 2001. The IHL served as the National Hockey League (NHL)'s alternate farm system to the American Hockey League (AHL). After 56 years of operation, financial instability led to the league's demise. Six of the surviving seven teams merged into the AHL in 2001.
Jay McGrath
John-Alan "Jay" McGrath (born 15 April 2003) is an Irish professional footballer who plays as a defender for EFL League One club Doncaster Rovers. Mainly a centre-back, he can also be deployed as a left-back.

2024–25 EFL League Two
The 2024–25 EFL League Two (referred to as the Sky Bet League Two for sponsorship purposes) was the 21st season of the EFL League Two under its current title and the 33rd season under its current league division format. The season commenced on 9 August 2024.

The 2024–25 season consisted of 36 weekend rounds, six midweek rounds, and four bank holiday matchweeks.
Cedric Dawe
Cedric Dawe (1906–1996) was a British art director. He worked on the set design of over sixty films during his career, spending many years working for ABPC at the company's Elstree and Welwyn Studios. He was praised for his realistic designs for Lance Comfort's 1947 film noir Temptation Harbour. Towards the end of his career he also worked in television, as art director on series such as Colonel March of Scotland Yard, Department S and The Saint.

While under employment  at Elstree in the 1930s, he along with Duncan Sutherland and Peter Proud worked under the direction of Clarence Elder.

Peter Proud
Peter Proud (born Ralph Priestman Proud, 6 May 1913, Glasgow – 1989, London) was a British film art director. He made a major contribution to wartime camouflage and deception operations in the Western Desert, especially in the siege of Tobruk.
Tepanjski Vrh
Tepanjski Vrh (pronounced [ˈteːpanski ˈʋəɾx] German: Tepinaberg) is a settlement west of Tepanje in the Municipality of Slovenske Konjice in eastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria and is now included in the Savinja Statistical Region.

Tepanje
Tepanje (pronounced [ˈteːpanjɛ], German: Tepina) is a village in the Municipality of Slovenske Konjice in eastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. The municipality is now included in the Savinja Statistical Region.

The A1 motorway and the  Slovenske Konjice interchange are southwest of the settlement. The village developed along the parallel old regional road from Celje to Maribor and near the bridge across Oplotnica Creek.
History of the Genoese in Gibraltar
Genoese Gibraltarians  (Italian: genovesi di Gibilterra) have existed in Gibraltar since the 16th century and later became an important part of the population. It is an ethnic community made up of descendants of Genoese and Ligurians who immigrated to Gibraltar during the Italian diaspora. The population of Gibraltar with Genoese (or Italian) surnames is around 20% of the total.

Farinata
Farinata (Italian: [fariˈnaːta]), socca (Occitan: [suˈka]) or farinata di ceci is a type of thin, unleavened pancake or crêpe made from chickpea flour.

Farinata is considered a staple food on the northwest Mediterranean coast. In Liguria it is named farinata, in Nice socca and in Toulon cade.

It is also a speciality of Oran, Algeria, where it was introduced under French rule and known as calentica, and in the cities of Buenos Aires, Argentina, and Montevideo, Uruguay, where it is known as fainá and eaten with pizza.

It is usually both vegan and gluten-free.
Veeravalli railway station
Veeravalli railway station (station code:VRVL) is an Indian Railways station in Veeravalli village of Andhra Pradesh. It lies on the Vijayawada–Nidadavolu loop line of Howrah–Chennai main line and is administered under Vijayawada railway division of South Central Railway zone. It halts for 8 trains every day.

Vijayawada–Nidadavolu loop line
The Vijayawada–Nidadavolu loop line is a loop of Vijayawada–Gudivada–Bhimavaram Town–Nidadavolu railway stations. Both Vijayawada and Nidadavolu stations lie on Howrah–Chennai main line. It is under the administrative jurisdiction of Vijayawada railway division of South Coast Railway zone.
Shanagolden, County Limerick
Shanagolden (Irish: Seanghualainn, meaning 'the old shoulder') is a small village in County Limerick, Ireland. It is west of the Golden Vale, an area of fertile agricultural land in the province of Munster. The village is around 35 km west of Limerick city on the R521 road between Foynes and Newcastle West. The population was 303 at the 2016 census. The village is in a townland and civil parish of the same name.

Foynes
Foynes (/ˈfɔɪnz/; Irish: Faing) is a town and major port in County Limerick in the midwest of Ireland, located at the edge of hilly land on the southern bank of the Shannon Estuary. The population of the town was 512 as of the 2022 census.
Morske, Crimea
Morske or Morskoye (Ukrainian: Морське; Russian: Морское) is a village in the Sudak Municipality of the Crimea, a territory recognized by a majority of countries as part of Ukraine and annexed by Russia as the Republic of Crimea.

Previously, the settlement was known as the Kapsikhor village (Crimean Tatar: Qapsihor). Following the forced deportation of the Crimean Tatars in 1944, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR published a decree on May 18, 1948, renaming the settlement along with many others throughout Crimea from their native Crimean Tatar names to their current variants.

Morske is located on Crimea's southern shore on the Black Sea at an elevation of 43 m (141 ft). Its population was 2,245 in the 2001 Ukrainian census. The current population is 2,394 (2014 Census). The remains of the Choban-Kule fortification are located near the settlement.

Sudak Municipality
Sudak City Municipality (Ukrainian: Судацька міськрада, Russian: Судакский горсовет, Crimean Tatar: Sudaq şeer şurası), officially "the territory governed by the Sudak city council" is one of the 25 regions of the Crimean peninsula, currently subject to a territorial dispute between the Russian Federation and Ukraine. Population: 32,278 (2014 Census).
Al-Shihr
Al-Shihr (Arabic: ٱلشِّحْر, romanized: al-Shiḥr), also known as ash-Shir or simply Shihr, is a coastal town in Hadhramaut, eastern Yemen. Al-Shihr is a walled town located on a sandy beach. There is an anchorage but no docks; boats are used. The main export is fish oil. The town is divided in two by a wādi (dry riverbed) called al-Misyāl. The western quarter is called Majraf and the eastern al-Ramla. As of 1997, it had several souqs (markets), including Sūq al-Lakham, Sūq al-Hunūd, and Sūq Shibām.

Battle of al-Shihr (1548)
The battle of al-Shihr was a military confrontation in 1548 between the Portuguese alongside Sa'd bin Afrar, the ruler of Mahra Sultanate and Kathiri Sultanate who had captured al-Mahrah from Sa'd. The Portuguese successfully captured the fort near al-Shihr from the Kathiris.
John Roy
John Roy (September 13, 1930 – June 13, 2001) was a noted professor in the Art Department at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst from 1964 until his retirement in 1994.  He continued to paint until his death in 2001. His work included pointillism and photorealism and he created a remarkable and highly original body of work that represents an important contribution to the history of late twentieth-century American painting.

Roy was a contemporary and colleague of Chuck Close, and the two influenced each other's work considerably.  Roy was the subject of one of Close's more noted paintings.

Photorealism
Photorealism is a genre of art that encompasses painting, drawing and other graphic media, in which an artist studies a photograph and then attempts to reproduce the image as realistically as possible in another medium. Although the term can be used broadly to describe artworks in many different media, it is also used to refer to a specific art movement of American painters that began in the late 1960s and early 1970s.
Kazichene Cove
Kazichene Cove (Bulgarian: залив Казичене, romanized: zaliv Kazichene, IPA: [ˈzalif kɐˈzit͡ʃɛnɛ]) is a 2.2 km wide cove on the southeast side of Osmar Strait indenting for 1.3 km the northwest coast of Low Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. It is south of Lyutibrod Rocks and Fernandez Point, and north of Solnik Point.

The cove is named after the settlement of Kazichene in western Bulgaria.

Lyutibrod Rocks
Lyutibrod Rocks (Bulgarian: Лютибродски скали, ‘Lyutibrodski Skali’ \'lyu-ti-brod-ski ska-'li\) is the chain of rocks off the northwest coast of Low Island in the South Shetland Islands extending 860 m in east-west direction.

The feature is named after the settlement of Lyutibrod in northwestern Bulgaria.
Singapore Association of the Visually Handicapped
The Singapore Association of the Visually Handicapped (SAVH) is a charitable organisation for the blind in Singapore. It was founded in 1951 and was known as the Singapore Association for the Blind. The SAVH is a registered charity and is affiliated with the National Council of Social Service (NCSS) and is an approved Institute of Public Character.

Minister of State
Minister of state is a designation for a government minister, with varying meanings in different jurisdictions. In a number of European countries, the title is given as an honorific conferring a higher rank, often bestowed upon senior ministers. Conversely, in the United Kingdom and several other Commonwealth countries, "minister of state" is a junior rank, subordinate to a minister of higher rank. Finally, in other countries such as Australia, Brazil and Japan, all government ministers hold the title of "minister of state".
1939–40 Brentford F.C. season
During the 1939–40 English football season, Brentford competed in the Football League, playing three matches before competitive football was suspended due to the outbreak of the Second World War. The club played in three unofficial wartime competitions for the remainder of the season – groups B and C of the Football League South and the Football League War Cup.

Football League War Cup
The Football League War Cup was an association football tournament held between 1939 and 1945. It aimed to fill the gap left in English football by the suspension of the FA Cup during the Second World War. Though it was often referred to in contemporary coverage as the "League Cup" or "Football League Cup", it is not to be confused with the later English football competition with the same name, which was formed in 1960 and is currently known as the EFL Cup. As with all wartime football in England, records and statistics from the competition are not considered official.