hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Boston's sign
Boston's sign is the spasmodic lowering of the upper eyelid on downward rotation of the eye, indicating exophthalmic goiter.

Similar to von Graefe's sign, it is observed in people with Graves-Basedow disease, a type of hyperthyroidism. In this disease, the immune system attacks the thyroid gland and the soft tissues surrounding the eyes. As a result, the eyes are often pushed forward in the eye sockets, a condition known as exophthalmos.

Goitre
A goitre (British English), or goiter (American English), is a swelling in the neck resulting from an enlarged thyroid gland. A goitre can be associated with a thyroid that is not functioning properly.

Worldwide, over 90% of goitre cases are caused by iodine deficiency. The term is from the Latin gutturia, meaning throat. Most goitres are not cancerous (i.e., benign), though they may be potentially harmful.
Modal particle
In linguistics, modal particles are a type of grammatical particle used in a sentence to add extra meaning, particularly in spoken language. Modal particles have various functions, including adding emotion or emphasis, or to express how sentence content is grounded in common knowledge between the speaker and participants.

Languages that use many modal particles in their spoken form include Dutch, Danish, German, Hungarian, Russian, Telugu, Nepali, Norwegian, Indonesian, Sinitic languages, Japanese and Vietnamese. Modal particles are often context-dependent and difficult to translate.

Grounding in communication
Grounding in communication is a concept proposed by Herbert H. Clark and Susan E. Brennan. It comprises the collection of "mutual knowledge, mutual beliefs, and mutual assumptions" that is essential for communication between two people. Successful grounding in communication requires parties "to coordinate both the content and process". The concept is also common in philosophy of language.
Line 8 (Shenzhen Metro)
Line 8 of the Shenzhen Metro (also known as the Yantian line) is an East-West line with 12 stations from Liantang to Xichong. It opened on 28 October 2020 between Liantang and Yantian Road, with a length of 12.367 km (7.7 mi) and a total of 7 stations. Line 8 is the first line to serve Yantian District. Line 8 merges into Line 2 at Liantang station, with trains on Line 8 continuing service to Chiwan station.

Phase 2 opened on 27 December 2023, which extended the line from Yantian Road to Xiaomeisha.

Phase 3 opened on 28 December 2025, which extended the line from Xiaomeisha to Xichong.

Shenzhen Metro
The Shenzhen Metro (深圳地铁) is the rapid transit system of the city of Shenzhen in Guangdong Province, China. The newest lines and extensions which opened on December 27, 2024 put the network at 609.5 kilometres (378.7 miles) of trackage. It currently operates on 17 lines with 421 stations. Despite having only opened on December 28, 2004, the Shenzhen Metro is the 5th longest metro system in the world. By 2035, the network is planned to comprise 8 express and 24 non-express lines totaling 1,142 kilometres (710 miles) of trackage.
22nd federal electoral district of Veracruz
The 22nd federal electoral district of Veracruz (Spanish: Distrito electoral federal 22 de Veracruz) is a defunct federal electoral district of the Mexican state of Veracruz.

During its existence, the 22nd district returned one deputy to the Chamber of Deputies for each of the 51st to 59th sessions of Congress. Votes cast in the district also counted towards the calculation of proportional representation ("plurinominal") deputies elected from the country's electoral regions.

Created as part of the 1977 political reforms, it was first contested in the 1979 mid-term election and it elected its last deputy in the 2003 mid-terms. Along with the 23rd district, it was dissolved by the Federal Electoral Institute (IFE) in its 2005 redistricting process because the state's population no longer warranted 23 districts.

LI Legislature of the Mexican Congress
The LI Legislature of the Congress of the Union (LI Legislatura del Congreso de la Unión) was the 51st session of the Congress of Mexico. It sat from 1 September 1979 to 31 August 1982.

The session's senators had been elected in the 1976 general election while the deputies were elected in the 1979 mid-term election.

It marked a watershed in that it was the first congress elected after the 1977 political reforms, under which several parties on the left and the right obtained official registration and access to Congress by opposition parties (i.e. those other than the hegemonic Institutional Revolutionary Party) was made much more viable. The session's members included the first deputies from the Mexican Communist Party (PCM), the Workers' Socialist Party (PST) and the Mexican Democratic Party (PDM). The reforms also increased the number of deputies: 300 from single-member constituencies and 100 from regional lists.
The Valiant Ones
The Valiant Ones (Chinese: 忠烈圖; lit. 'Portraits of Valor' or lit. 'Portrait of the Loyal Martyrs') is a 1975 Hong Kong wuxia film written, directed, and produced by King Hu. Produced and distributed by Golden Harvest, it stars Roy Chiao, Pai Ying, Hsu Feng, Han Ying-chieh and Sammo Hung (who was also the film's action choreographer). It portrays a Ming-era conflict between Chinese officials and Japanese pirates mediated by a husband-and-wife martial arts duo.

Wokou
Wokou (Chinese: 倭寇; pinyin: Wōkòu; Japanese: 倭寇; Hepburn: Wakō; Korean: 왜구; Hanja: 倭寇; RR: Waegu; literal Chinese translation: "dwarf bandits"), which translates to "Japanese pirates", were pirates who raided the coastlines of China and Korea from the 13th century to the 17th century. The wokou were made of various ethnicities of East Asian ancestry, which varied over time and raided the mainland from islands in the Sea of Japan and East China Sea.

Wokou activity in Korea declined after the Treaty of Gyehae in 1443 but continued in Ming China and peaked during the Jiajing wokou raids in the mid-16th century. Chinese reprisals and strong clamp-downs on pirates by Japanese authorities saw the wokou disappear by the 17th century.
WEHA
WEHA (88.7 FM) is a Stellar Award winning radio station broadcasting an Urban Gospel format. Licensed to the suburb of Port Republic, New Jersey, it serves the Atlantic City metropolitan area. It first began broadcasting in 2003 under the call sign WIBF. The station is currently owned by Spread The Gospel Inc.

Port Republic, New Jersey
Port Republic is a city on the Mullica River, located in Atlantic County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the city's population was 1,101, a decrease of 14 (−1.3%) from the 2010 census count of 1,115, which in turn reflected an increase of 78 (+7.5%) from the 1,037 counted in the 2000 census.

It is a dry town, where alcohol is not permitted to be sold by law.

Geographically, the city, and all of Atlantic County, is part of the South Jersey region of the state and of the Atlantic City-Hammonton metropolitan statistical area, which in turn is included in the Philadelphia-Reading-Camden combined statistical area and the Delaware Valley.
Anxau
The Anxau people (sometimes spelled "Xauno" and "Xana") were a hunter-gatherer tribe of the Coahuiltecan. The Anxau inhabited the area south of San Antonio, largely near the Medina River between present-day Medina and Bexar counties. The Anxau are believed to have been affiliated with the Pastia people.

Medina River
The Medina River is located in south central Texas, United States, in the Medina Valley.  It was also known as the Rio Mariano, Rio San Jose, or Rio de Bagres (Catfish river).  Its source is in springs in the Edwards Plateau in northwest Bandera County, Texas, and it merges with the San Antonio River in southern Bexar County, Texas, for a course of 120 miles. It contains the Medina Dam in NE Medina County, Texas which restrains Lake Medina. Much of its course is owned and operated by the Bexar-Medina-Atascosa Water District to provide irrigation services to farmers and ranchers.
Étienne Regnault
Etienne Regnault was the first governor of Réunion. He arrived on the island on 10 July 1665 on the ship Taureau with a group of 20 settlers sent by the French East India Company. He founded the towns of Sainte-Suzanne and Saint-Denis and served as governor of the colony until 1671, after which he was succeeded by Jacques de la Heure. Regnault continued his service to the East India Company in Surat and Pondicherry, until his death in 1688 in Bengal.

Pondicherry
Pondicherry, officially known as Puducherry, is the capital and most populous city of the Union Territory of Puducherry in India. The city is in the Puducherry district on the southeast coast of India and is surrounded by the Bay of Bengal to the east and the state of Tamil Nadu, with which it shares most of its culture, heritage, and language.
ASHES vent field
The Axial Seamount Hydrothermal Emissions Study or ASHES vent field is a basalt-hosted hydrothermal vent field located on the side of Axial Seamount's caldera at approximately 1,550 metres (5,090 ft) deep. The site is distinct from other hydrothermal ecosystems as a long-term study site of the Ocean Observatories Initiative's Regional Cable Array, one of the few hydrothermal systems with real-time data.

Real-time data
Real-time data (RTD) is information that is delivered immediately after collection. There is no delay in the timeliness of the information provided. Real-time data is often used for navigation or tracking. Such data is usually processed using real-time computing although it can also be stored for later or off-line data analysis.

Real-time data is not the same as dynamic data. Real-time data can be dynamic (e.g. a variable indicating current location) or static (e.g. a fresh log entry indicating location at a specific time).
Loon Lake (Washington)
Loon Lake is a 1,100-acre (450 ha) lake located in Stevens County, Washington, 30 miles (48 km) north-northwest of Spokane, Washington at an elevation of 726 metres (2,382 ft). The lake is about two miles wide, one mile long, and has a maximum depth of 100 feet (30 m).

Loon Lake was named for the wild loons near the water.

Stevens County, Washington
Stevens County is a county located in the U.S. state of Washington along the Canada–US border. At the 2020 census, its population was 46,445. As of July 2023, the population was estimated to be 48,837. The county seat and largest city is Colville, and the largest CDP is Suncrest. The county was created in 1863 and named after Isaac Stevens, the first governor of Washington Territory.

Stevens County is included in the Spokane-Spokane Valley, WA Metropolitan Statistical Area. Most of the Spokane Indian Reservation is within the borders of the county.
Martin Drotár
Martin Drotár (born 5 November 1981 in Košice, Czechoslovakia) is a Slovak former professional ice hockey player.

Drotár played in the Slovak Extraliga for HC Košice, HK Dubnica, MHK Kežmarok, HC '05 Banská Bystrica, HK SKP Poprad and MHC Martin. He also had a spell in France's Ligue Magnus for Ducs de Dijon.

HC Košice
Hockey Club Košice is a Slovak professional ice hockey club based in Košice that competes in the Slovak Extraliga, the top tier of Slovak ice hockey. It is the most successful hockey club in Slovakia and the former Czechoslovakia, having won the Tipos Extraliga ten times, the Czechoslovak First Ice Hockey League twice, the 1st. Slovak National Hockey League once, the IIHF Continental Cup once, the Tatra Cup 11 times, and the Rona Cup four times. The club is nicknamed "Oceliari" ("Steelers" in English). The team plays at the Steel Arena in Košice.
Christopher Kenworthy
Christopher Kenworthy (1968) is an Australian writer, artist, and former film director. He was the author of two novels, The Winter Inside and The Quality of Light for Serpent's Tail, along with a short story collection, Will You Hold Me? and the chapbook Sullom Hill. His fiction has been widely praised by authors such as Michael Moorcock, and anthologised in books such as The Year's Best Fantasy and Horror.

Born in Preston, England, he moved to Australia in 1997 and began a low-key directing career which lasted until 2013. He was the director of a feature film called The Sculptor. His Master Shots books were best-sellers for Michael Wiese Books. He won the Award For Directing (WA Screen Awards) in 2007 and directed many music videos, including Dreaming Light for Anathema (band).

Serpent's Tail
Serpent's Tail is London-based independent publishing firm founded in 1986 by Pete Ayrton. It specialises in publishing work in translation, particularly European crime fiction. In January 2007, it was bought by a British publisher Profile Books.
Ocasek
Ocasek is a surname.  Notable people with the surname include:

Oliver Ocasek (1925–1999), American politician of the Democratic party

Ric Ocasek (1944–2019), American musician and music producer, leading band member of The Cars
Christopher Otcasek, American singer, son of Ric Ocasek

Ric Ocasek
Richard Theodore Otcasek (March 23, 1944 – September 15, 2019), known as Ric Ocasek (/oʊˈkæsɪk/ oh-CASS-ik), was an American musician, singer, songwriter, and record producer. He was the primary lead vocalist, rhythm guitarist, songwriter, and frontman for the American new wave band the Cars. In addition to his work with the Cars, Ocasek recorded seven solo studio albums. Ocasek's 1986 single, "Emotion in Motion", was a top 20 hit in the United States.

Ocasek also worked as a record producer for artists such as Motion City Soundtrack, Suicide, Bad Brains, Weezer, Nada Surf, Guided by Voices and No Doubt. In 2018, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of the Cars.
From the Soul
From the Soul is a 1992 jazz album by American saxophonist and composer Joe Lovano, generally regarded as his masterpiece. It was recorded with a studio band rather than Lovano's working group; it is notable for his only encounter with Michel Petrucciani (who plays in a more abstract, Paul Bleyish style than was usual with him), and for being one of Ed Blackwell's final recordings.

Paul Bley
Paul Bley, CM (November 10, 1932 – January 3, 2016) was a Canadian jazz pianist known for his contributions to the free jazz movement of the 1960s as well as his innovations and influence on trio playing and his early live performance on the Moog and ARP synthesizers. His music has been described by Ben Ratliff of the New York Times as "deeply original and aesthetically aggressive". Bley's prolific output includes influential recordings from the 1950s through to his solo piano recordings of the 2000s.
On the Beach at Bali-Bali
"On the Beach at Bali-Bali" is a song written by Abner Silver (music), Al Sherman,  and Jack Meskill (lyrics). It was written in 1935, copyrighted June 5, 1936, and first recorded by Shep Fields and His Rippling Rhythm Orchestra on May 18, 1936. It was soon covered by Jimmie Lunceford, Tommy Dorsey, and Henry "Red" Allen, among others that same year. In 1937 it appeared in the Marx Brothers film A Day at the Races where Chico Marx played it comedically on the piano.

Tommy Dorsey
Thomas Francis Dorsey Jr. (November 19, 1905 – November 26, 1956) was an American jazz trombonist, composer, conductor and bandleader of the big band era. He was known as the "Sentimental Gentleman of Swing" because of his smooth-toned trombone playing. His theme song was "I'm Getting Sentimental Over You". His technical skill on the trombone gave him renown among other musicians. He was the younger brother of bandleader Jimmy Dorsey. After Dorsey broke with his brother in the mid-1930s, he led an extremely successful band from the late 1930s into the 1950s. He is best remembered for standards such as "Opus One", "This Love of Mine" (no. 3 in 1941) featuring Frank Sinatra on vocals, "Song of India", "Marie", "On Treasure Island", and his biggest hit single, "I'll Never Smile Again" (no. 1 for 12 weeks in 1940).
The Mackay School
The Mackay School, a Chilean school located in Reñaca, Region of Valparaiso, Chile. Of Scottish origin; it was founded in 1857 by Scottish immigrants. It is considered one of the best academic institutions in the Valparaíso Region. Currently it only educates male students.

Reñaca
Reñaca or Reñaca Bajo, is a seaside town in the commune of Viña del Mar, Chile. The town is located along the coast in between the city of Viña del Mar and the city of Concón. Since the commune of Concón was created in 1995, Reñaca and Concón have effectively merged into one large urbanization, this led in 2021 to a public debate on whether it should be split from Viña del Mar to join it with Concón. As part of the urban growth of Reñaca toward Concón in the north, various coastal wetlands and dunes have been urbanized since 1994.
Alfred Jewel
51°22′29″N 2°26′27″W﻿ / ﻿51.374687°N 2.440724°W﻿ / 51.374687; -2.440724

The Alfred Jewel is a piece of Anglo-Saxon goldsmithing work made of enamel and quartz enclosed in gold.  It was discovered in 1693, in North Petherton, Somerset, England and is now one of the most popular exhibits at the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford.  It has been dated to the late 9th century, in the reign of Alfred the Great, and is inscribed "AELFRED MEC HEHT GEWYRCAN", meaning "Alfred ordered me made". The jewel was once attached to a rod, probably of wood, at its base. After decades of scholarly discussion, it is now "generally accepted" that the jewel's function was to be the handle for a pointer stick for following words when reading a book. It is an exceptional and unusual example of Anglo-Saxon jewellery.

Bowleaze Cove
Bowleaze Cove is a small sand and shingle beach, near the village of Preston, just to the northeast of Weymouth, Dorset, England. The cove is on the Jurassic Coast and is known for its geology. Just to the west is Furzy Cliff.

The beach is made up of mainly shingle and shell with some sandy areas. A small pier divides the beach near the River Jordan outflow.
The remains of Jordan Hill Roman Temple are located on Jordan Hill, leading down to Bowleaze. The hill figure of the Osmington White Horse can be seen.

A coastal cliff walk leads eastwards from Bowleaze, passing the Broadrock cliffs, Redcliff Point, and thence to Osmington Mills.
Frank Vigar
Frank Henry Vigar (14 July 1917 – 31 May 2004) was an English cricketer who played first-class cricket for Essex County Cricket Club between 1938 and 1954. A right-handed batsman, and leg break bowler, Vigar served as an all-rounder with 8,858 runs at 26.28 and 241 wickets at 37.90. From his rained-off debut in 1938, Vigar went on to play 257 matches for his county. His greatest success came in the "golden summer" of 1947, where he scored 1,735 runs and took 64 wickets. A partnership with Peter Smith of 218 for the final wicket remains an Essex record.

He spent the Second World War serving in the Royal Air Force. As his career progressed, his once useful bowling became both less successful and subordinate to Smith's, though he remained a sound and reliable batsman until a decline in form prompted the end of his playing career in 1954. He made minor county and invitation appearances on occasion up to 1965, and spent three years coaching West of Scotland before retiring.

All-rounder
An all-rounder is a cricketer who regularly performs well at both batting and bowling. Although all bowlers must bat and quite a handful of batsmen do bowl occasionally, most players are skilled in only one of the two disciplines and are considered specialists. Some wicket-keepers have the skills of a specialist batter and have been referred to as all-rounders, but the term wicket-keeper-batter is more commonly applied to them, even if they are substitute wicket keepers who also bowl.
Fox (channel)
This set index article contains the following titles with the word "Fox" in the name; referring to numerous media, sports and entertainment ventures currently in or out of operation over the years:

Fox Corporation is an American company which is connected with:
Fox (international), which included:
Fox (Asian TV channel)
Fox (German TV channel)
Fox (African TV channel)
Fox (Norwegian TV channel)
Fox (Italian TV channel)
Fox (Hungarian TV channel)
Fox News
Fox Life
Fox Sports, which includes many channels, as well as four divisions:
Fox Sports (Argentina)
Fox Sports (Australia)
Fox Sports (Mexico)
Fox Sports (United States)
Fox Television Stations, which operates many stations

Fox8, originally just called "Fox"

Fox Filipino

Star Channel (Latin America), originally called "Fox" and "Fox Channel"

Fox Filipino
Fox Filipino was a Philippine pay television channel focused on Philippine-produced programming from GMA Network, TV5 and Sari-Sari Channel as well as Filipino movies from GMA Pictures, entries from the Cinemalaya Philippine Independent Film Festival, selected Asian and Hollywood movies, and selected foreign programming dubbed in Tagalog language.

After 8 years of broadcasting, Fox Networks Group announced that Fox Filipino would cease broadcast on July 7, 2020. The last program that aired on the channel was the drama series Destiny Rose before the color bars, as GMA and TV5 archived content were moved to its digital television channel, Heart of Asia Channel, Pinoy Hits (now defunct), and Cignal-run satellite network, One Screen (now defunct), respectively. Fox Filipino's channel space were later replaced by ABS-CBN/Creative Programs, Inc.-owned Jeepney TV on other cable and satellite platforms, including Cignal.
Abeid Karume
Abeid Amani Karume (4 August 1905 – 7 April 1972) was a Tanzanian politician and statesman who served as the first president of Zanzibar and vice-president of Tanzania from 1964 until his assassination in 1972.

He obtained the title of president as a result of a revolution which led to the deposing of Jamshid bin Abdullah, the last reigning Sultan of Zanzibar, in January 1964. Three months later, Zanzibar united with Tanganyika and formed Tanzania, and Karume became the first vice-president with Julius Nyerere (the then president of Tanganyika) as president of the new unified country. He was the father of Zanzibar's sixth president, Amani Abeid Karume.

Tanganyika (1961–1964)
Tanganyika (/ˌtæŋɡənˈjiːkə/ TANG-gən-YEE-kə; Swahili: [tɑᵑɡɑˈɲikɑ]) was a sovereign state, comprising the mainland part of present-day Tanzania, that existed from 1961 until 1964. It first gained independence from the United Kingdom on 9 December 1961 as a Commonwealth realm headed by Queen Elizabeth II before becoming a republic within the Commonwealth of Nations as the Republic of Tanganyika a year later. After signing the Articles of Union on 22 April 1964 and passing an Act of Union on 25 April, Tanganyika officially joined with the People's Republic of Zanzibar to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar on Union Day, 26 April 1964. The new state changed its name to the United Republic of Tanzania within a year.
Catherine Taft
Catherine Taft is an art critic, curator, and writer. Taft has been published in Artforum, i-D Magazine, Modern Painters, ArtReview, Metropolis-M, Kaleidoscope Publishing, and multiple exhibition catalogs and artist books. She has writing in Part-Objects, an artist book for Scott Benzel that was published by Human Resources and Lockitch Press.

Taft was a Curatorial Associate in the department of Architecture and Contemporary Art of the Getty Research Institute in Los Angeles. She helped organize the Pacific Standard Time: Art in Los Angeles (2011)

Artist's book
Artists' books (or book art or book objects) are works of art that engage with and transform the form of a book. Some are mass-produced with multiple editions, and some in small editions, while others are produced as one-of-a-kind objects.

There is no single definition of an artist's book, and formulating a definition is cumbersome and subject to debate. Importantly, the creation of artists' books incorporates a variety of formats and genres. They have a complex history, with a particular focus and growth in contemporary artist movements. They also have recently grown in popularity, especially in art institutions, and have become popular in art library reference workshops. The exact definition and usage of artists' books has become more fluid and porous alongside the growth in popularity of artists' books.