hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kacanka (river)
Kacanka is a river in south central Poland. It's a tributary of the Koprzywianka (at Bazów), which in turn is a tributary of the Vistula near Sandomierz.
Its total length is 33.8 kilometres (21.0 mi), and its width is 3 to 8 metres (9.8 to 26.2 ft). Kacanka is known for its fishing, with trout, perch, crucian carp, and roach being common catches.

Perch
Perch is a common name for freshwater fish from the genus Perca, which belongs to the family Percidae of the large order Perciformes. The name comes from Greek: πέρκη, romanized: perke, meaning the type species of this genus, the European perch (P. fluviatilis).

Many species of freshwater game fish more or less resemble perch, but belong to different genera. In fact, the exclusively saltwater-dwelling red drum (which belongs to a different order Acanthuriformes) is often referred to as a "red perch", though by definition perch are freshwater species. Though many fish are referred to as perch as a common name, to be considered a true perch, the fish must be of the family Percidae.

The earliest fossil remains of Perca are known from the Middle Miocene of Ukraine.
Vignes Mourthi
Vignes s/o Mourthi (21 March 1980 – 26 September 2003) was a Malaysian convicted drug trafficker who was found guilty of trafficking 27.65 grams of diamorphine on 20 September 2001. After the end of his trial in August 2002, Vignes and his accomplice Moorthy a/l Angappan (also a Malaysian) were both sentenced to death since the death penalty was mandatory for the amount trafficked by the duo. Despite the immense evidence against him, Vignes maintained his innocence and appealed many times to overturn his conviction and sentence. Ultimately, Vignes was put to death alongside Moorthy as scheduled on 26 September 2003. His execution remained a controversy even in the aftermath due to his insistent claims of innocence.

Malaysian names
Personal names in Malaysia vary greatly according to ethno-cultural group. Personal names are, to a certain degree, regulated by the national registration department, especially since the introduction of the National Registration Identity Card (NRIC).

Malays, Orang Asli, some Bumiputera of Sabah and Sarawak, and Malaysian Indians adopt patronymic naming customs. On the other hand, Malaysian Chinese, some Malays and Bumiputera of Sabah and Sarawak use family names.
Time on My Hands (song)
"Time on My Hands" is a popular song with music by Vincent Youmans and lyrics by Harold Adamson and Mack Gordon, published in 1930. Introduced in the musical Smiles by Marilyn Miller and Paul Gregory, it is sometimes also co-credited to Reginald Connelly.

The song was used in the Marilyn Miller biopic Look for the Silver Lining (1949) when it was performed by Gordon MacRae and June Haver at the Broadway rehearsal and during the opening night show.

It was also employed in the 1953 film So This Is Love when it was sung by Kathryn Grayson.

Marilyn Miller
Marilyn Miller (born Mary Ellen Reynolds; September 1, 1898 – April 7, 1936) was one of the most popular Broadway musical stars of the 1920s and early 1930s. She was an accomplished tap dancer, singer and actress, and the combination of these talents endeared her to audiences. On stage, she usually played rags-to-riches Cinderella characters who lived happily ever after. She died suddenly from complications of nasal surgery at age 37.
Harnekop Nuclear Bunker
Harnekop Nuclear Bunker (Atombunker Harnekop) is a former atomic bomb-proof bunker in the village of Harnekop in Prötzel, in the district Märkisch-Oderland, Brandenburg, Germany. Built over a 5-year period starting in 1971, the structure was the main bunker for the East German Ministry of National Defence and the National People's Army in case of a nuclear attack on the country.

Ministry of National Defence (East Germany)
The Ministry of National Defense (German: Ministerium für Nationale Verteidigung – MfNV) was the chief administrative arm of the East German National People's Army. The MND was modeled on the Ministry of Defense of the Soviet Union. The headquarters of the Ministry was in Strausberg near East Berlin. The Guard Regiment Hugo Eberlein provided security and guard services to the Ministry. The Ministry also had its own publishing house, Military publishing house of the German Democratic Republic.
Sonning Common Health Walks
The Sonning Common Health Walks was set up in 1996 by Dr William Bird, who is a general practitioner in Reading, Berkshire, England. The walks aim to reduce heart disease, reduce cholesterol and blood pressure, relieve depression and anxiety, reduce stress, help with weight management / obesity, and help with diabetes. Each walk is led by a Leader who is a trained volunteer. The leaders know the route. You walk at your own pace but you are advised to  stretch yourself to raise your heart rate and get you breathing faster.

Bird set up health walks from his practice in Sonning Common, Oxfordshire, and then worked with the Countryside Agency and the British Heart Foundation to expand it nationally.

Countryside Agency
The Countryside Agency was a statutory body set up in England in 1999 with the task of improving the quality of the rural environment and the lives of those living in it. The agency was dissolved in 2006 and its functions dispersed among other bodies.
Monforte San Giorgio
Monforte San Giorgio (Sicilian: Munforti)  is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Messina in the Italian region Sicily, located about 180 kilometres (110 mi) east of Palermo and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) west of Messina.

It is home to the remains of a  castle built by the local Orthodox monks to resist the Arab attacks. Later it was used by the Normans and the royal houses of Hohenstaufen and Anjou.

Italo-Normans
The Italo-Normans (Italian: Italo-Normanni), or Siculo-Normans (Siculo-Normanni) when referring to Sicily and Southern Italy, are the Italian-born descendants of the first Norman conquerors to travel to Southern Italy in the first half of the eleventh century. While maintaining much of their distinctly Norman culture and customs of war, French culture also played an important role, they were partly shaped by the diversity of Southern Italy, by the cultures and customs of the Greeks, Lombards, and Arabs in Sicily.
Arvo Sarapuu
Arvo Sarapuu (August 26, 1953 – March 17, 2020) was an Estonian businessman, politician, and member of the Estonian Centre Party. Sarapuu served as the first post-independence County Governor of Järva County from 1989 until 1997. He then served as the Deputy Mayor of Tallinn, the capital of Estonia, from April 2011 until his resignation on May 26, 2017, due to allegations of corruption.

Arvo Sarapuu died on March 17, 2020, at the age of 66. He was survived by his wife, Kersti Sarapuu, who served as Mayor of Paide from 2005 to 2011, and their five children. Sarapuu was buried in Metsakalmistu cemetery in Tallinn.

Estonian Centre Party
The Estonian Centre Party (Estonian: Eesti Keskerakond, EK) is a populist political party in Estonia. It was founded in 1991 as a direct successor of the Popular Front of Estonia, and it is currently led by Mihhail Kõlvart.
The party was founded on 12 October 1991 from the basis of the Popular Front of Estonia after several parties split from it. At that time, the party was called the People's Centre Party (Rahvakeskerakond) to differentiate from the smaller centre-right Rural Centre Party (Maa-Keskerakond). The party was a member of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe until 14 September 2024.
Pietro Fabris (politician)
Pietro Fabris (16 November 1934 – 2 October 2022) was an Italian politician. A member of the Christian Democracy party, the Italian People's Party, and later the United Christian Democrats, he served in the Senate of the Republic from 1987 to 1996.

Fabris died in Bassano del Grappa on 2 October 2022, at the age of 87.

Italian People's Party (1994)
The Italian People's Party (Italian: Partito Popolare Italiano, PPI) was a Christian-democratic, centrist and Christian-leftist political party in Italy. The party was a member of the European People's Party (EPP).

The PPI was the formal successor of the Christian Democracy (DC), but was soon deprived of its conservative elements, which successively formed the Christian Democratic Centre (CCD) in 1994 and the United Christian Democrats (CDU) in 1995. The PPI was finally merged into Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy (DL) in 2002, and DL was later merged with the Democrats of the Left (DS) and minor centre-left parties into Democratic Party (PD) in 2007.
Battle of Georgia Landing
The Battle of Georgia Landing or Battle of Labadieville (October 27, 1862) was fought between a Union Army force led by Brigadier General Godfrey Weitzel and a Confederate States Army force commanded by Brigadier General Alfred Mouton near Labadieville, Assumption Parish, Louisiana, during the American Civil War. After a sharp clash, the Union troops compelled Mouton's outnumbered force to retreat.

Major General Benjamin F. Butler ordered a three-pronged invasion of the Bayou Lafourche district. Weitzel's force disembarked at Donaldsonville on the Mississippi River and moved south down Bayou Lafourche. After being defeated, Mouton's command withdrew up Bayou Teche. Weitzel and the other Union forces occupied Brashear City (now Morgan City), Thibodaux, and the railroad connecting those towns with New Orleans. The military operation caused many African-American slaves to escape into Union-held areas.

Godfrey Weitzel
Godfrey (Gottfried) Weitzel (November 1, 1835 – March 19, 1884) was a German-American major general in the Union army during the American Civil War. He was the acting Mayor of New Orleans during the Union occupation of the city and also captured and occupied the Confederate capitol, Richmond, Virginia. Weitzel is also known for his post-war accomplishments with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in designing and constructing internal improvements, particularly along the Ohio River and the Great Lakes region.
Andy Anderson (American football)
Leroy Earle "Andy" Anderson (April 5, 1924 – May 11, 1993) was an American football player and coach. He served as the head football coach at Lakeland College—known now as Lakeland University—in Plymouth, Wisconsin from 1964 to 1966, compiling a record of 9–16.

Lakeland University
Lakeland University is a private university affiliated with the United Church of Christ, with its main campus in Herman, Wisconsin, United States, and seven evening, weekend, and online centers located throughout the state of Wisconsin, in Pewaukee, Madison, Wisconsin Rapids, Chippewa Falls, Neenah, Green Bay, and Sheboygan. Lakeland also has a four-year international campus in Tokyo.
Couttet
Couttet is a French surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Denis Couttet (1900–1956), French cross country skier

Henri Couttet (1901–1953), French ice hockey player

James Couttet (1921–1997), French alpine skier and ski jumper

Lucienne Schmidt-Couttet (1926–2022), French alpine skier, wife of James Couttet

Lucienne Schmidt-Couttet
Lucienne Schmidt-Couttet (27 November 1926 – 4 October 2022) was a French alpine skier and world champion, who competed in the 1948 Winter Olympics.

Schmidt received a gold medal at the 1954 World Championships in Åre, winning the giant slalom.

Schmidt-Couttet died on 4 October 2022, at the age of 95.
Dörarp
Dörarp is a small locality (according to the definition of Statistics Sweden) in Ljungby Municipality, Sweden. In 2005, Dörarp had 145 inhabitants.

Dörarp is also the site of heavy metal band Metallica's tour bus accident during the Damage, Inc. Tour on September 27, 1986. Vocalist James Hetfield, guitarist Kirk Hammett and drummer Lars Ulrich survived with minor injuries, but bassist Cliff Burton was pinned under the bus and pronounced dead. The site of the crash has been marked with Burton's commemorative memorial stone. On May 13, 2022, the bus stop located near the memorial stone changed its name from "Dörarp norra" to "Cliff Burton's memorial stone".

The nearest neighboring village is the town Vittaryd, which is 3–4 kilometers away.

Statistics Sweden
Statistics Sweden (Swedish: Statistiska centralbyrån [staˈtɪ̌sːtɪska sɛnˈtrɑ̂ːlˌbyːrɔn] ⓘ; SCB, lit. 'Central Bureau of Statistics') is the Swedish government agency operating under the Ministry of Finance and responsible for producing official statistics for decision-making, debate and research. The agency's responsibilities include:

developing, producing and disseminating statistics;

active participation in international statistical cooperation;

coordination and support of the Swedish system for official statistics, which includes 26 authorities responsible for official statistics in their areas of expertise.

National statistics in Sweden date back to 1686 when the parishes of the Church of Sweden were ordered to start keeping records on the population. SCB's predecessor, the Tabellverket ("office for tabulation"), was set up in 1749, and the current name was adopted in 1858.
First World
The concept of the First World was originally one of the "Three Worlds" formed by the global political landscape of the Cold War, as it grouped together those countries that were aligned with the Western Bloc of the United States. This grouping was directly opposed to the Second World, which similarly grouped together those countries that were aligned with the Eastern Bloc of the Soviet Union.

However, after the Cold War ended with the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, the definition largely shifted to instead refer to any politically stable liberal democratic country with strong rule of law, a stable capitalist economy, and a relatively high standard of living. Various ways in which these metrics are assessed are through the examination of a country's GDP, GNP, literacy rate, life expectancy, and Human Development Index. In colloquial usage, "First World" typically refers to "the highly developed industrialized nations often considered the Westernized countries of the world".

Political stability
Political stability is a situation characterized by the preservation of an intact and smoothly functioning government or political system, avoiding significant disruptions or changes over an extended duration. Political stability signifies a state of tranquility, organization, and sustained continuity within the political domain. It is marked by consistent institutions and policies, as well as a commitment to upholding the rule of law.

Societies with political stability experience a decreased probability of encountering major political upheavals, civil unrest, or sudden changes in leadership. Political stability is essential for a nation's development, economic growth, and social unity. It enables long-term planning, investment, and prosperity, as businesses and citizens can rely on consistent governance and policies.
Grigori Gorin
Grigori Israilevich Gorin (Russian: Григо́рий Изра́илевич Го́рин, born Ofshtein (Russian: Офштейн); 12 March 1940 — 15 June 2000)  was a Soviet and Russian playwright and writer of Jewish descent.

Gorin is particularly credited with scripts for several plays and films, which are regarded as important element of cultural reaction to the Era of Stagnation and perestroika in Soviet history.

History of the Jews in the Soviet Union
The history of the Jews in the Soviet Union is inextricably linked to much earlier expansionist policies of the Russian Empire conquering and ruling the eastern half of the European continent already before the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917. "For two centuries – wrote Zvi Gitelman – millions of Jews had lived under one entity, the Russian Empire and its successor state the USSR. They had now come under the jurisdiction of fifteen states, some of which had never existed and others that had passed out of existence in 1939." Before the revolutions of 1989 which resulted in the end of communist rule in Central and Eastern Europe, a number of these now sovereign countries constituted the component republics of the Soviet Union.
Welsh Presbyterian Chapel, Charing Cross Road
The Welsh Presbyterian Chapel is a former Presbyterian Church of Wales church on Charing Cross Road in the City of Westminster, Greater London, England. It was opened in 1888; the last service was held in July 1982. It was the site of the Limelight nightclub in the 1980s.

Charing Cross Road
Charing Cross Road is a street in Central London, running immediately north of St Martin-in-the-Fields to St Giles Circus (the intersection with Oxford Street), which then merges into Tottenham Court Road. It leads from the north in the direction of Charing Cross at the south side of Trafalgar Square. It connects via St Martin's Place and the motorised east side of the square.
Sturla Holm Lægreid
Sturla Holm Lægreid (born 20 February 1997) is a Norwegian biathlete. In the season opener of the 2020–2021 season, he earned his first World Cup win at the 20 km Individual. He is six-time Biathlon World Champion, 2024-2025 Biathlon World Cup winner and 2022 Olympic Champion in the relay.

Biathlon World Championships
The first Biathlon World Championships (BWCH) was held in 1958, with individual and team contests for men. The original team event, Team (time), was held for the last time in 1965, to be replaced in 1966 by the team event, Relay (4 × 7.5 km). The number of events has grown significantly over the years. Beginning in 1984, women biathletes had their own World Championships, and finally, from 1989, both genders have been participating in joint Biathlon World Championships. In 1978 the development was enhanced by the change from the large army rifle calibre to a small bore rifle, while the range to the target was reduced from 150 to 50 meters.
John Tiner
John Ivan Tiner CBE (born 25 February 1957) is a British manager in the world of finance and financial regulation. He was chief executive of the Financial Services Authority (FSA) from September 2003 to July 2007. He is now the chairman of Ardonagh Group, and CEO of a beer company.

Financial regulation
Financial regulation is a broad set of policies that apply to the financial sector in most jurisdictions, justified by two main features of finance: systemic risk, which implies that the failure of financial firms involves public interest considerations; and information asymmetry, which justifies curbs on freedom of contract in selected areas of financial services, particularly those that involve retail clients and/or principal–agent problems. An integral part of financial regulation is the supervision of designated financial firms and markets by specialized authorities such as securities commissions and bank supervisors.

In some jurisdictions, certain aspects of financial supervision are delegated to self-regulatory organizations. Financial regulation forms one of three legal categories which constitutes the content of financial law, the other two being market practices and case law.
Bicircular matroid
In the mathematical subject of matroid theory, the bicircular matroid of a graph G is the matroid B(G) whose points are the edges of G and whose independent sets are the edge sets of pseudoforests of G, that is, the edge sets in which each connected component contains at most one cycle.

The bicircular matroid was introduced by Simões-Pereira (1972) and explored further by Matthews (1977) and others.  It is a special case of the frame matroid of a biased graph.

Thomas Zaslavsky
Thomas Zaslavsky (born 1944) is an American mathematician specializing in combinatorics.

Zaslavsky's mother Claudia Zaslavsky was a high school mathematics teacher and an ethnomathematician in New York, and his father Sam Zaslavsky was an electrical engineer from Manhattan. Thomas Zaslavsky graduated from the City College of New York. At M.I.T. he studied hyperplane arrangements with Curtis Greene and received a Ph.D. in 1974. In 1975, the American Mathematical Society published his doctoral thesis.

Zaslavsky has been a professor of mathematics at Binghamton University, New York since 1985. He has published papers on matroid theory and hyperplane arrangements. He has also written on coding theory, lattice point counting, and Sperner theory. Zaslavsky has made available a bibliography on signed graphs and their applications.
Mouth assessment
A mouth assessment is performed as part of a patient's health assessment. The mouth is the beginning of the digestive system and a substantial part of the respiratory tract. Before an assessment of the mouth, patient is sometimes advised to remove any dentures. The assessment begins with a dental-health questionnaire, including questions about toothache, hoarseness, dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), altered taste or a frequent sore throat, current and previous tobacco use and alcohol consumption and any sores, lesions or bleeding of the gums.

Uvula
The uvula (pl.: uvulas or uvulae), also known as the palatine uvula or staphyle, is a conic projection from the back edge of the middle of the soft palate, composed of connective tissue containing a number of racemose glands, and some muscular fibers. It also contains many serous glands, which produce thin saliva. Only humans have a uvula.
Gandomkar-e Olya
Gandomkar-e Olya (Persian: گندمكارعليا, also Romanized as Gandomkār-e ‘Olyā) is a village in Miankuh Rural District, Miankuh District, Ardal County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 302, in 65 families. The village is populated by Lurs.

Lurs
The Lurs, Lors or Luris (Persian: لر) are an Iranian people living in western and southern Iran. The four Luri branches are the Bakhtiari, Mamasani, Kohgiluyeh and Lur proper, who are principally linked by the Luri language.

Lorestan province is named after the Lurs, but not all Lurs live in Lorestan, nor are all the inhabitants of Lorestan ethnic Lurs. Many Lurs live in other provinces of Iran including Fars, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, Khuzestan, Hamadan, Isfahan, Tehran southern Ilam province, and Genaveh county in Bushehr province.
Antonio Lieto
Antonio Lieto (born December 18, 1983) is an Italian cognitive scientist and computer scientist at the University of Salerno and a research associate at the Institute of High Performance Computing of the Italian National Research Council focusing on cognitive architectures and computational models of cognition, commonsense reasoning and models of mental representation, and persuasive technologies. He teaches Artificial Intelligence and "Design and Evaluation of Cognitive Artificial Systems" at the Department of Computer Science of the University of Turin.

National Research Council (Italy)
The National Research Council (Italian: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, CNR) is the largest research council in Italy. As a public organisation, its remit is to support scientific and technological research. Its headquarters are in Rome.
Herbert Windt
Herbert Windt (15 September 1894, Senftenberg, Brandenburg – 2 November 1965, Deisenhofen, now a part of Oberhaching, Bavaria) was a German composer who became one of the most significant film score composers of the Third Reich. He was best known for his collaborations with the director Leni Riefenstahl on films Triumph of the Will and Olympia.

Oberhaching
Oberhaching (German pronunciation: [oːbɐˈhaxɪŋ] ⓘ, lit. 'Upper Haching', in contrast to "Lower Haching") is a municipality in Bavaria, Germany, with 13,638 inhabitants (2020) on an area of 26.6 km2 (10.3 sq mi). It is located 15 km (9.3 mi) south of Munich city centre and has a 1,250 year history.

Oberhaching has also become a high-end residential location thanks to its excellent connections to Munich and its quiet, rural location.