hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tectonics
Tectonics (from Ancient Greek  τεκτονικός tektonikós 'pertaining to building' via Latin tectonicus) are the processes that result in the structure and properties of Earth's crust and its evolution through time. The field of planetary tectonics extends the concept to other planets and moons.

These processes include those of mountain-building, the growth and behavior of the strong, old cores of continents known as cratons, and the ways in which the relatively rigid plates that constitute Earth's outer shell interact with each other. Principles of tectonics also provide a framework for understanding the earthquake and volcanic belts that directly affect much of the global population.

Tectonic studies are important as guides for economic geologists searching for fossil fuels and ore deposits of metallic and nonmetallic resources. An understanding of tectonic principles can help geomorphologists to explain erosion patterns and other Earth-surface features.

Transform fault
A transform fault or  transform boundary, is a fault along a plate boundary where the motion is predominantly horizontal. It ends abruptly where it connects to another plate boundary, either another transform, a spreading ridge, or a subduction zone. A transform fault is a special case of a strike-slip fault that also forms a plate boundary.

Most such faults are found in oceanic crust, where they accommodate the lateral offset between segments of divergent boundaries, forming a zigzag pattern. This results from oblique seafloor spreading where the direction of motion is not perpendicular to the trend of the overall divergent boundary. A smaller number of such faults are found on land, although these are generally better-known, such as the San Andreas Fault and North Anatolian Fault.
Swami Avdheshanand Giri
Swami Avdheshanand Giri (born 1962) is an Indian Hindu spiritual guru, writer and philosopher. He is the current Acharya Mahamandaleshwar of Juna Akhara. Juna Akhara is the largest Akhara for Naga Sadhus in India. Giri has initiated about one million Naga sadhus. His Ashram is situated at Kankhal, Haridwar. He is the president of Hindu Dharm Acharya Sabha and also a board member of the World Council of Religious Leaders.

Dayananda Saraswati (Arsha Vidya)
Swami Dayananda Saraswati (15 August 1930 – 23 September 2015) was a renunciate monk of the Hindu Saraswati order of sannyasa. He was also known as Pujya Swamiji and was a traditional teacher of Advaita Vedanta. He was the founder of the Arsha Vidya Gurukulams in Pennsylvania, USA; Rishikesh, Uttarakhand and Coimbatore Tamil Nadu, India. He was also the spiritual Guru of Prime Minister Narendra Modi. He was awarded the Padma Bhushan, (the third-highest civilian award in the Republic of India), for his service to the nation in the field of spirituality in 2016.
Illinois Farmer
Illinois Farmer was a monthly farming newspaper started in the early 1856 and edited by S. Francis in Springfield, Illinois. and continued to sometime around 1863. It was considered under the "umbrella" of Farm, Field, and Fireside newspapers. Its masthead proclaimed that the newspaper was devoted to the farm, the orchard, and the garden. It was published by Bailhache and Baker. Its editor was M.L. Dunlap

Farm, Field, and Fireside
Farm, Field and Fireside was a monthly and later weekly newspaper published in the 20th century which offered advice through articles about farming and homemaking. It was published by Charles Henry Howard of the Howard Company in Chicago, Illinois. Its slogan was: "A weekly illustrated family magazine for everyone who tills the soil".
Polayathode
Polayathode or Polayathodu is one of the fastest growing neighbourhoods of the city of Kollam, in the state of Kerala, India. It is situated at National Highways – NH 66 (Earlier NH 47). Kerala Police have identified Polayathode as one of the traffic black spots in the state.

Chinnakada
Chinnakada or Chinnakkada is considered as the heart of the city of Kollam in Kerala, India. Chinnakada is a busy junction where 5 city roads and one National highway interconnect at a traffic roundabout. The city's symbolic clock tower is located in Chinnakada. To reduce the traffic congestion in Chinnakada, Kollam Municipal Corporation constructed an underpass near to clock tower. Marine Products Export Development Authority (MPEDA)'s Kollam sub-regional office is situated at Chinnakada.
Operational amplifier applications
Operational amplifiers have several applications, optimised for use with negative feedback.

When positive feedback is required, a comparator is usually more appropriate; see Comparator applications for further information.

Common-mode rejection ratio
In electronics, the common mode rejection ratio (CMRR) of a differential amplifier (or other device) is a metric used to quantify the ability of the device to reject common-mode signals, i.e. those that appear simultaneously and in-phase on both inputs. An ideal differential amplifier would have infinite CMRR, however this is not achievable in practice. A high CMRR is required when a differential signal must be amplified in the presence of a possibly large common-mode input, such as strong electromagnetic interference (EMI). An example is audio transmission over balanced line in sound reinforcement or recording.
Adamastor Ocean
The Adamastor Ocean was a "proto-Atlantic" ocean that formed with the break-up of the Rodinia supercontinent c. 780–750 Ma. It separated the Río de la Plata Craton from the Congo Craton. The inversion of the Adamastor Ocean began about 640 Ma with the development of a large back-arc basin along the western margin of the Kalahari Craton, and the ocean closed when Río de la Plata collided with Kalahari about 545 Ma along the sinistral Sierra Ballena Shear Zone. The São Francisco Craton and the Río de la Plata Craton amalgamated 630–620 Ma, closing the Adamastor Ocean on the South American side and forming the Mantiqueira Mountains around 600 Ma.

In 2020 a group of geologists proposed an alternative model for the Adamastor Ocean in which it is reduced to an intracontinental rift system with only some minor oceanic crust developing in its southern part.

Sierra Ballena Shear Zone
Sierra Ballena Shear Zone or SBSZ is a sinistral strike-slip shear zone running across the Uruguayan Shield in eastern Uruguay and the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. The system was last active in the Precambrian.
Buur Dhaab
Buur Dhaab, also known as Buurdhaab or Bur Dab (Somali: Buuraha Buurdhaab, Arabic: جبال بورطاب), is a mountain range situated in the Togdheer and Sool regions of Somaliland. The mountain range stands at an elevation of 973 m, or 3,193 ft.

Togdheer
Togdheer (Somali: Togdheer, Arabic: تُوْجْدَيْر, romanized: Tūjdayr) is an administrative region (gobol) in central Somaliland. Togdheer is bordered by Maroodi Jeex to the west, Saaxil to the north, Sanaag to the northeast, Sool to the east and Ethiopia to the south. Its capital is Burao.
Pedro Nolasco da Silva
Pedro Nolasco da Silva CvC (Chinese: 伯多祿·諾拉斯庫·施利華; 6 May 1842 – 12 October 1912) was a Macanese interpreter-translator, teacher, civil servant, writer, journalist and politician. Amongst other important positions, he was President of the Municipal Council of Macau (Portuguese: Leal Senado; Chinese: 澳門市政廳), founding partner and president of the Association Promoting the Instruction of Macanese (Portuguese: Associação Promotora da Instrução dos Macaenses, APIM), founder and director of the Pedro Nolasco Commercial School (Portuguese: Escola Comercial Pedro Nolasco), head of the Repartição Tecnica de Expediente Sínico de Macau (transl. Chinese Bureau Technical Department) and patron of the Holy House of Mercy (Portuguese: Santa Casa da Misericórdia; Chinese: 仁慈堂大樓) of Macau.

Municipal Council of Macau
Municipal Council of Macau (Portuguese: Leal Senado, lit. Loyal Senate), was the local government structure in Macau (similar to city councils) during Portuguese rule. The title Leal Senado was bestowed on Macau's government in 1810 by Portugal's prince regent João, who later became King John VI of Portugal. This was a reward for Macau's loyalty to Portugal during the Philippine Dynasty, which ruled between 1580 and 1640.

Following the 1999 handover of Macau to the People's Republic of China, the council was superseded by a Provisional Municipal Council, and finally replaced by the Municipal Affairs Bureau. Like its predecessor bodies, the present Bureau meets at the Leal Senado Building.
Hølen
Hølen is a village and former town and municipality in Akershus county, Norway.

Hølen was in early times known for the production of timber, and from the 17th century important trade took place. Timber was floated on the river Såna. Ships from the Netherlands visited the place.

The small town of Hølen was, together with the small town of Son, established as a municipality January 1, 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt). Son and Hølen were separated as municipalities of their own January 1, 1848. Hølen was merged with the rural municipality Vestby July 1, 1943 – and it then lost its status as a town.

Hølen is the smallest municipality (in area) that has ever existed in Norway – the total area was just 0.12 km2.

The Østfold Line was completed in 1879. It was placed on the Hølen Viaduct which crosses over the town. Hølen Station opened in 1931 and remained in use until 1996, when it and the viaduct were closed and the railway rerouted via the Hølendalen Bridges.

Såna
Såna or Hølenelva is a river which runs through Vestby, Norway. Såna collects a number of creeks in Ås and Vestby; it runs through the villages of Såner and Hobøl before draining into the Oslofjord at Son. Among others, the river is crossed by the Hølen Viaduct and Hølendalen Bridges.
Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph
Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS), also called Explorer 94 and SMEX-12, is a NASA solar observation satellite. The mission was funded through the Small Explorer program to investigate the physical conditions of the solar limb, particularly the interface region made up of the chromosphere and transition region. The spacecraft consists of a satellite bus and spectrometer built by the Lockheed Martin Solar and Astrophysics Laboratory (LMSAL), and a telescope provided by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO). IRIS is operated by LMSAL and NASA's Ames Research Center.

The satellite's instrument is a high-frame-rate ultraviolet imaging spectrometer, providing one image per second at 0.3-arcsecond angular resolution and sub-ångström spectral resolution.

NASA announced, on 19 June 2009, that IRIS was selected from six Small Explorer mission candidates for further study, along with the Gravity and Extreme Magnetism (GEMS) space observatory.

Explorers Program
The Explorers Program is a NASA exploration program that provides flight opportunities for physics, geophysics, heliophysics, and astrophysics investigations from space. Launched in 1958, Explorer 1 was the first spacecraft of the United States to achieve orbit. Over 90 space missions have been launched since. Starting with Explorer 6, it has been operated by NASA, with regular collaboration with a variety of other institutions, including many international partners.

Launchers for the Explorers Program have included Juno I, Juno II, various Thor, Scout, Delta and Pegasus launch vehicles, and Falcon 9.

The program has three classes: Medium-Class Explorers (MIDEX), Small Explorers (SMEX), and University-Class Explorers (UNEX), with select Missions of Opportunity operated with other agencies.
Otford railway tunnel
The Otford railway tunnel is a heritage-listed former railway tunnel on the Illawarra railway line at Otford, City of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia. It was designed by the New South Wales Government Railways, and built by W. Rowe and W. Smith (tunnel) and Mr. McDonald (vent shaft). The property was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

New South Wales Government Railways
New South Wales Government Railways (NSWGR) was an agency of the Government of New South Wales which administered rail transport in the colony, and then the state, of New South Wales, Australia, between 1855 and 1932.
Maes y Facrell National Nature Reserve
Maes y Facrell National Nature Reserve sits high above the coastal town of Llandudno on the Great Orme headland, in the county of Conwy, Wales. It commands sweeping views of Conwy Bay, and the mountains of Snowdonia.

Designated a national nature reserve both for its biological and geological interest, it contains a mosaic of flower-rich grassland, and fragments of limestone pavement. There is evidence of past human activity everywhere, and old copper mines are scattered throughout the site.

Llandudno
Llandudno (/lænˈdɪdnoʊ/, Welsh: [ɬanˈdɨdnɔ] ⓘ) is a seaside resort, town and community in Conwy County Borough, Wales, located on the Creuddyn peninsula, which protrudes into the Irish Sea. In the 2021 UK census, the community – which includes Gogarth, Penrhyn Bay, Craigside, Glanwydden, Penrhynside, and Bryn Pydew – had a population of 19,700 (rounded to the nearest 100). The town's name means "Church of Saint Tudno".

Llandudno is a major seaside resort in Wales, and as early as 1861 was being called 'the Queen of the Welsh Watering Places' (a phrase later also used in connection with Tenby and Aberystwyth; the word 'resort' came a little later). Historically a part of Caernarfonshire, Llandudno was formerly in the district of Aberconwy within Gwynedd until 1996.
Estadio Municipal Santo Domingo
The Estadio Municipal de Santo Domingo is a multi-use stadium in El Ejido, Spain.  It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the current home ground to Segunda B football team, Club Deportivo El Ejido since 2012. It was the home ground of the now-defunct Polideportivo Ejido. The stadium holds 7,870 (all-seated) and was built in 2001.

El Ejido
El Ejido (Spanish pronunciation: [el eˈxiðo]) is a municipality of Almería province, in the autonomous community of Andalusia, Spain. It is located 32 km from Almería with a surface area of 227 km2, and as reported in 2014 had 84,144 inhabitants. El Ejido is the centre of production for fruit and vegetables in the "Comarca de El Poniente". The work opportunities the city provides attract many foreign farmhands, who look for jobs mainly in the greenhouses there. Some greenhouses have begun using computer-controlled hydroponics systems, thus saving on labour, improving efficiency and the local economy.

In close proximity to the city along the coast line is situated Almerimar, a popular destination for tourism and relaxation.
Queer theory
Queer theory is a field of post-structuralist critical theory which is broadly associated with the study and theorization of gender and sexual practices that exist outside of heterosexuality, and which challenge heteronormativity. Following social constructionist developments in sociology, queer theorists are often critical of what they consider essentialist views of sexuality and gender. Instead, they study those concepts as social and cultural phenomena, often through an analysis of the categories, binaries, and language in which they are said to be portrayed.

It emerged in the early 1990s out of queer studies (formerly often known as gay and lesbian studies) and women's studies. As an academic discipline, queer theory itself was developed by American feminist scholars Judith Butler and Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick. Other scholars associated with the development of queer theory are French post-structuralist philosopher Michel Foucault, and American feminist author Gloria Anzaldúa.

Gender binary
The gender binary (also known as gender binarism) is the classification of gender into two distinct forms of masculine and feminine, whether by social system, cultural belief, or both simultaneously. Most cultures use a gender binary, having two genders (boys/men and girls/women).

In this binary model, gender and sexuality may be assumed by default to align with one's sex assigned at birth. This may include certain expectations of how one dresses themselves, one's behavior, sexual orientation, names or pronouns, which restroom one uses, and other qualities. For example, when a male is born, gender binarism may assume that the male will be masculine in appearance, have masculine character traits and behaviors, as well as having a heterosexual attraction to females. These expectations may reinforce negative attitudes, biases, and discrimination towards people who display expressions of gender variance or nonconformity or those whose gender identity is incongruent with their birth sex.
Vietnam's Got Talent season 2
The second season of Vietnam's Got Talent, a Vietnamese reality television talent show, was aired Sunday nights in the prime time slot of 8:00PM (UTC+7) starting from December 2, 2012 on VTV3 and MTV Vietnam. The show is based on the Got Talent series format, which was originated by Simon Cowell in the United Kingdom.

All three judges from the first season, Thành Lộc, Thúy Hạnh and Huy Tuấn, returned. Thanh Bạch replaced Quyền Linh and Chi Bảo as presenter.

The show was primarily produced by Vietnam Television and BHD Corp, with additional broadcasting by MTV Vietnam. The performance shows were aired Sundays on VTV3.

Vietnam's Got Talent
Tìm kiếm tài năng – Vietnam's Got Talent is a Vietnamese reality television talent show that features singers, dancers, magicians, comedians, martial-art players, performers with risky weapons/tools/elements, variety acts and other performers of all ages competing for a grand prize of 400,000,000 VND (approximately $20,000). The show was based on the Got Talent series format that originated by Simon Cowell in the United Kingdom. Its first season aired Sunday nights at 9:00PM (UTC+7) between 18 December 2011 and 6 May 2012 on VTV3 and MTV Vietnam.

The show is primarily produced by Vietnam Television and BHD Corp.
Biogas upgrader
A biogas upgrader is a facility that is used to concentrate the methane in biogas into Renewable Natural Gas. The system removes carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulphide, water and contaminants from the biogas. One technique for doing this uses amine gas treating. It can be used interchangeably with natural gas.

The solution is the use of biogas upgrading or purification processes whereby contaminants in the raw biogas stream are absorbed or scrubbed, leaving more methane per unit volume of gas. There are four main methods of upgrading: water washing, pressure swing adsorption, selexol adsorption, and amine gas treating.

Pressure swing adsorption
Pressure swing adsorption (PSA) is a technique used to separate some gas species from a mixture of gases (typically air) under pressure according to the species' molecular characteristics and affinity for an adsorbent material. It operates at near-ambient temperature and significantly differs from the cryogenic distillation commonly used to separate gases. Selective adsorbent materials such as zeolites (molecular sieves), or activated carbon are used as trapping material, preferentially adsorbing the target gas species at high pressure. The process then swings to low pressure to desorb the adsorbed gas.
Kwatha Lai Haraoba
Lai Haraoba (ꯂꯥꯏ ꯍꯔꯥꯎꯕ) in Kwatha village is a traditional Meitei festival that celebrates the creation myths and ancestral Meitei deities of the Meitei community. The festival involves ritual dances, music, and ceremonies that honor traditional deities and reflect the Meitei intangible cultural heritage. It plays a significant role in preserving the customs and beliefs of the people in Kwatha village. Kwatha's Lai Haraoba belongs to the category of Chakpa Haraoba, which is specific to certain indigenous groups within the region.

Meitei festivals
Meitei festivals are an integral part of the cultural heritage of the Meitei people, an ethnic group native to the Indian state of Manipur. The festivals often celebrate events from Ancient Manipur and often coinciding with seasonal changes. These festivals reflect the unique customs and traditions of the Meitei community, and are celebrated with great enthusiasm and zeal. There are various festivals celebrated throughout the year, each with its own significance and rituals.
Flavobacterium algicola
Flavobacterium algicola  is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, aerobic and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Flavobacterium which has been isolated from a marine algae from the Sea of Okhotsk near Japan.

Flavobacterium
Flavobacterium is a genus of Gram-negative, nonmotile and motile, rod-shaped bacteria that consists of 130 recognized species.  Flavobacteria are found in soil and fresh water in a variety of environments. Several species are known to cause disease in freshwater fish.

Flavobacterium psychrophilum causes the bacterial cold water disease on salmonids and the rainbow trout fry disease on rainbow trout.
F. columnare causes the cotton-wool disease on freshwater fishes.
F. branchiophilum causes the bacterial gill disease on trout.  Another member of this genus, F. okeanokoites is the original source for the type IIs restriction endonuclease FokI, used in Zinc finger nucleases and TALENs.

Species who are a part of the genus Flavobacterium are most likely found scattered along in nature. These microbes are mostly found in aquatic ecosystems and wet areas with freshwater or seawater.
Stacy (given name)
Stacy, sometimes spelled Stacey, Staci, Stacie, or Stacii, is a common first name for women and men. It is also sometimes used as a surname.

Baby-naming guides cite two English derivations of Greek origins: Anastasia, meaning "resurrection", for girls, and Eustace (Eustathios), meaning "steadfast", for boys.

Eustace
Eustace (/ˈjuːstɪs/ YOOS-tis) is the rendition in English of two phonetically similar Greek given names:

Εὔσταχυς (Eústachys) meaning "fruitful", "fecund"; literally "abundant in grain"; its Latin equivalents are Fæcundus/Fecundus

Εὐστάθιος (Eustáthios) meaning "steadfast", "stable"; literally "possessing good stability"; its exact Latin equivalents are Constans and its derivatives, Constantius and Constantinus.

Equivalents in other languages include Ostap (Ukrainian, Russian), Eustachy (Polish, Russian), Yevstaphiy (Russian), Eustachio (Italian), Eustache or Eustathe (French), Eustaquio (Spanish), Eustáquio (Portuguese), Eustaqui (Valencian), Ustes (Guyanese) and Eustice (English).

The Greek Eústachys is no longer used; Eustáthios/Ευστάθιος (usually transliterated Efstáthios) on the other hand is still popular and often used in the informal or diminutive Στάθης (Státhis).

Eustis is a variant spelling.
Legal tradition
A legal tradition or legal family is a grouping of laws or legal systems based on shared features or historical relationships. Common examples include the common law tradition and civil law tradition. Many other legal traditions have also been recognized. The concepts of legal system, legal tradition, and legal culture are closely related.

The understanding of legal families and traditions has shifted over time. Early and mid-20th-century efforts at classifying legal systems commonly employed a taxonomic metaphor, and assumed that the affiliation of a legal system with a legal family was static and that mixed legal systems were an exceptional case. Under more recent understandings, legal systems are understood to partake of multiple legal traditions.

Comparative law
Comparative law is the study of differences and similarities between the law and legal systems of different countries. More specifically, it involves the study of the different legal systems (or "families") in existence around the world, including common law, civil law, socialist law, Canon law, Jewish Law, Islamic law, Hindu law, and Chinese law. It includes the description and analysis of foreign legal systems, even where no explicit comparison is undertaken. The importance of comparative law has increased enormously in the present age of internationalism and economic globalization.