hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Greensborough, Markham
Greensborough is a neighbourhood in the city of Markham in the Regional Municipality of York in the Canadian province of Ontario.

Greensborough is one of the easternmost communities in Markham  and is situated just north of Markham Village (a heritage district along Main St. Markham that was the city's original downtown), west of Cornell, and east of Mount Joy. It includes the area north of 16th Avenue, west of Ninth Line, south of Major Mackenzie Drive and east of Markham Road. Parts of the neighbourhood's northern area are still undergoing development as of 2025.

Major Mackenzie Drive
Major Mackenzie Drive, often shortened to Major Mac, is a major east-west arterial road in southern York Region, Ontario, Canada, just north of Toronto. It is a York regional road, numbered as York Regional Road 25, and passes through the three cities of southern York Region: Vaughan, Ontario, Richmond Hill, and Markham. It does not continue outside of York Region as an east-west road, but does cross into Brampton (in Peel Region) as Coleraine Drive which immediately curves sharply at the boundary to head north towards Bolton.
Silver Age of Russian Poetry
Silver Age (Сере́бряный век) is a term traditionally applied by Russian philologists to the last decade of the 19th century and first two or three decades of the 20th century. It was an exceptionally creative period in the history of Russian poetry, on par with the Golden Age a century earlier. The term Silver Age was first suggested by philosopher Nikolai Berdyaev, but it only became customary to refer thus to this era in literature in the 1960s. In the Western world other terms, including Fin de siècle and Belle Époque, are somewhat more popular. In contrast to the Golden Age, female poets and writers influenced the movement considerably, and the Silver Age is considered to be the beginning of the formal academic and social acceptance of women writers into the Russian literary sphere.

Nikolai Berdyaev
Nikolai Alexandrovich Berdyaev (/bərˈdjɑːjɛf, -jɛv/; Russian: Никола́й Алекса́ндрович Бердя́ев; 18 March [O.S. 6 March] 1874 – 24 March 1948) was a Russian philosopher, theologian, and Christian existentialist who emphasized the existential spiritual significance of human freedom and the human person.
Mary Ethel Creswell
Mary Ethel Creswell (October 15, 1879 – August 7, 1960) was the first female to receive an undergraduate degree from the University of Georgia (UGA) in Athens, Georgia.

In 1918, Creswell was appointed the head of the newly created Division of Home Economics for the university. The following year, she received a baccalaureate degree (B.S. in home economics) from the university.

In 1933, UGA established the College of Family and Consumer Sciences and Creswell was named as the first dean and served in that position until her retirement in 1945. She continued to teach in the college as a professor until 1949.

Creswell was a charter member of the Phi Kappa Phi honor society at UGA and its first female president, and she was the first female recipient of the Georgia Alumni Award for outstanding service to the university in 1949. Creswell died in Athens, Georgia on August 7, 1960. Creswell Hall, a dormitory that houses nearly a thousand students, is named in her honor.

Phi Kappa Phi
The Honor Society of Phi Kappa Phi (or simply Phi Kappa Phi or ΦΚΦ) is an honor society established in 1897 to recognize and encourage superior scholarship without restriction as to the area of study. It was the fourth academic society in the United States to be organized around recognizing academic excellence, and it is the oldest all-discipline honor society. It is a member of the Honor Society Caucus.
Kremer K8 Spyder
The Kremer K8 Spyder, along with its predecessor, the K7 (1992–1993), were open-cockpit prototypes built by Kremer Racing for use in multiple sportscar series, such as the IMSA GT Championship, Interserie, and International Sports Racing Series. The cars shared many components from the retired Porsche 962 and would eventually go on to win the 24 Hours of Daytona and several championships.

FIA Sportscar Championship
The FIA Sportscar Championship was a sports car racing series created by John Mangoletsi and got the approval of the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) in 2001.  It was a series similar to the FIA GT Championship, concentrating on two classes of open-cockpit sports prototypes in endurance races mostly around Europe. The series was folded after the 2003 season.
Irish Human Rights and Equality Commission
The Irish Human Rights and Equality Commission (IHREC) the Republic of Ireland's national human rights institution (NHRI) and National Equality Body. It is a statutory body which is publicly funded but independent of government. The Chief Commissioner is Liam Herrick.

Statutory body
A statutory body or statutory authority is a body set up by law (statute) that is authorised to implement certain legislation on behalf of the relevant country or state, sometimes by being empowered or delegated to set rules (for example regulations or statutory instruments) in their field. They are typically found in countries which are governed by a British style of parliamentary democracy such as the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth countries like Australia, Canada, India and New Zealand. They are also found in Hong Kong, Israel and elsewhere. Statutory authorities may also be statutory corporations, if created as a body corporate.
Md. Mahbub Hossain
Md. Mahbub Hossain (born 13 October 1964) is a retired Bangladesh civil servant and former Cabinet Secretary of Bangladesh. Prior to this position, he was Senior Secretary of the Energy and Mineral Resources Division of the Ministry of Power, Energy and Mineral Resources. He also served as the chairperson of Titas Gas and Gas Transmission Company Limited. He served as the chairman of Omera LPG as nominee of MJL Bangladesh Limited. He served as a director of Karnaphuli Fertilizer Company Limited.

Gas Transmission Company Limited
Gas Transmission Company Limited is a government-owned company responsible for transmission of natural gas all over Bangladesh. The company operates under the direct supervision of Bangladesh Oil, Gas & Mineral Corporation (Petrobangla).
Creighton (name)
Creighton is a Scottish and Irish habitational name that comes from the barony of Crichton in Midlothian, Scotland. It is derived from Gaelic crìoch (border) and Middle English tune (settlement). Notable people with the name include:

Crichton, Midlothian
Crichton (CRY-tonne) is a small village and civil parish in Midlothian, Scotland, around 2 miles (3 km) south of Pathhead and the same distance east of Gorebridge.

The second element of the name is clearly from the Old English word tūn 'farm, settlement'. The first element is less certain, however, and could be from Gaelic crioch 'border' or Cumbric craig 'rock'.

To the west of the village is the 15th-century parish church, formerly a collegiate church, established by William Crichton, 1st Lord Crichton, the Lord Chancellor of Scotland from 1439 to 1453. To the south of the church is Crichton Castle, begun in the late 14th century by William's father John de Crichton and featuring a fine 16th-century Italianate courtyard façade.

The civil parish has a population of 1,223 in 2011.
Natalie Walker (academic)
Natalie K. Walker is a New Zealand-born academic and is the Director of the Flinders Clinical Trials Platform at Flinders University in Adelaide in Australia. The Platform supports trial research across the entirety of Flinders University. Walker joined Flinders University in March 2025. Prior to this, she was a Professor of Social and Community Health at the University of Auckland in Auckland in New Zealand, specialising in the reduction of harm from non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer. Walker has an interest in smoking cessation but also researches on alcohol, cannabis and sugar.

The Lancet
The Lancet is a weekly peer-reviewed general medical journal, founded in England in 1823. It is one of the world's highest-impact academic journals and also one of the oldest medical journals still in publication.

The journal publishes original research articles, review articles (divided into seminars and reviews), editorials, book reviews, correspondence, as well as news features and case reports. The Lancet has been owned by Elsevier since 1991, and its editor-in-chief since 1995 has been Richard Horton. The journal has editorial offices in London, New York City, and Beijing.
Curt Faudon
Curt Faudon (10 May 1949 - 25 July 2019) was an Austrian film director who wrote, produced and directed over 30 films. He received First Prizes and Jury Awards at Film Festivals in Cannes, Berlin, Monte Carlo, Chicago, New York, and Sydney.

Faudon was born in Graz in 1949, and moved to New York City in 1979. His films, in a style all of their own, show a keen eye for detail, colour and light. Faudon's son, Patrick Faudon, is a film producer.

New York Festivals
New York Festivals are a collection of related annual arts and media awards based in New York City. The awards include the New York Festivals Advertising Awards, "Advertising and Marketing Effectiveness" AME Awards, Bowery Awards, Global Awards, Radio Awards, TV & Film Awards and MIDAS Awards. They were established in 1957.
R. M. Pitchappan
R. M. Pitchappan or Ramasamy Pitchappan, Ph.D., F.A.Sc., F.A.M.S. (born 1946), is an Indian biologist known for his studies on immunogenetics and infectious diseases. He was a professor in the School of Biological Sciences (SBS) of the Madurai Kamaraj University (MKU). In addition, Pitchappan held the positions of director, Educational Medical Research Centre, director-research, Chettinad University, Chennai, and adjunct professor, ICMR Andaman Nicobar Islands. He also held the position of the vice-president of the Nilgiri Adivasi Welfare Association in Kotagiri, Nilgiris, and as an advisor to the ancient DNA programme of Government of Tamil Nadu.

Immunogenetics
Immunogenetics or immungenetics is the branch of Medical Immunology and Medical Genetics that explores the relationship between the immune system and genetics.

Autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes, are complex genetic traits which result from defects in the immune system. Identification of genes defining the immune defects may identify new target genes for therapeutic approaches. Alternatively, genetic variations can also help to define the immunological pathway leading to disease.
Rodney Collin
Rodney George Collin-Smith (26 April 1909 – 3 May 1956), known as Rodney Collin, was a British writer who focused on the area of spiritual development. His work was heavily influenced by his teacher P. D. Ouspensky and, through him, G. I. Gurdjieff and the thought system associated with them. His best known work, The Theory of Celestial Influence, is an ambitious attempt to unite astronomy, physics, chemistry, human physiology and world history with his own version of planetary influences.

Spiritual evolution
Spiritual evolution, also called higher evolution, is the idea that the mind or spirit, in analogy to biological evolution, collectively evolves from a simple form dominated by nature, to a higher form dominated by the spiritual or divine. It is differentiated from the "lower" or biological evolution.
A-Space
The United States Intelligence Community A-Space, or Analytic Space, is a project started in 2007 from the Office of the Director of National Intelligence's (ODNI) Office of Analytic Transformation and Technology to develop a common collaborative workspace for all analysts from the USIC.  It is accessible from common workstations and provides unprecedented access to interagency databases, a capability to search classified and unclassified sources simultaneously, web-based messaging, and collaboration tools.  The Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) is the executive agent for building the first phase of A-Space. Initial operational capability was scheduled for December 2007. A-Space went live on the government's classified Joint Worldwide Intelligence Communications System 22 September 2008.
A-Space is built on Jive Software's Clearspace application (which has been superseded by Jive's Social Business Software).

Jive Software
Jive Software, an Aurea Software company, is a provider of communication and collaboration software for business.

Jive was headquartered in Palo Alto, California. Founded in 2001, Jive maintains additional offices in Portland, OR; San Francisco, CA; New York, NY; Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Reading, UK; Frankfurt, Germany; São Paulo, Brazil; Tel Aviv, Israel; Melbourne, Australia; Hong Kong; Singapore, Tokyo and Paris. On June 12, 2017, Aurea completed the acquisition of Jive Software.
Philippine Welser
Philippine Welser (1527 – 24 April 1580) was the morganatic wife of Ferdinand II, Archduke of Austria. She was granted the titles Baroness of Zinnenburg, Margravine of Burgau, Landgravine of Mellenburg and Countess of Oberhohenberg and Niederhohenberg.

Landgrave
Landgrave (German: Landgraf, Dutch: landgraaf, Swedish: lantgreve, French: landgrave; Latin: comes magnus, comes patriae, comes provinciae, comes terrae, comes principalis, lantgravius) was a rank of nobility used in the Holy Roman Empire, and its former territories. The German titles of Landgraf, Markgraf ("margrave"), and Pfalzgraf ("count palatine") are of roughly equal rank, subordinate to Herzog ("duke"), and superior to Graf ("count").
Palaeoworld
Palaeoworld is a peer-reviewed academic journal with a focus on palaeontology and stratigraphy research in and around China. It was founded in 1991 by the Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology at the Chinese Academy of Sciences (NIGPAS). The journal has been published quarterly since 2006; prior to 2006, it did not adhere to a fixed publication schedule.

The journal publishes articles from several specialised fields pertaining to palaeobiology and earth science, such as: fossil taxonomy; biostratigraphy, chemostratigraphy, and chronostratigraphy; evolutionary biology; evolutionary ecology; palaeoecology; palaeoclimatology; and molecular palaeontology.

Its editors-in-chief are Shuzhong Shen of the State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy at NIGPAS, and Norman MacLeod of the Natural History Museum, London.

Earth science
Earth science or geoscience includes all fields of natural science related to the planet Earth. This is a branch of science dealing with the physical, chemical, and biological complex constitutions and synergistic linkages of Earth's four spheres: the biosphere, hydrosphere/cryosphere, atmosphere, and geosphere (or lithosphere). Earth science can be considered to be a branch of planetary science but with a much older history.
Vitaly Abalakov
Vitaly Mikhaylovich Abalakov (Russian: Вита́лий Миха́йлович Абала́ков) (13 January [O.S. 31 December] 1906 – 26 May 1986) was a Soviet chemical engineer, mountaineer and inventor.

Brother of Yevgeniy Abalakov, another famous alpinist, he made the first Soviet ascent of Lenin Peak in 1934 and two more ascents of this mountain. In 1936 he also made the ascent of Khan Tengri, where he lost several fingers on one arm and one-third of his foot.

In 1938, he and others from his team were arrested by NKVD and were under investigation until 1940. He was accused of "open public propaganda" of western mountaineering techniques and "diminishing" domestic alpinists' achievements and being a "German spy".

Abalakov is credited with such inventions as camming devices in the 1930s, Abalakov thread (or V-thread), gearless ice climbing anchor, and many other climbing equipment innovations.

Khan Tengri
Khan Tengri is a mountain of the Tian Shan mountain range in Central Asia. It is on the China—Kyrgyzstan—Kazakhstan tripoint, east of lake Issyk Kul in Kyrgyzstan. Its geologic elevation is 6,995 m (22,949 ft), but its glacial icecap rises to 7,010 m (22,999 ft). For this reason, in mountaineering circles, including for the Snow Leopard award criteria, it is considered a 7,000-metre peak.

Khan Tengri is the second-highest mountain in the Tian Shan, surpassed only by Jengish Chokusu (meaning 'Victory Peak' in the Kyrgyz language, formerly known as Peak Pobeda) (7,439 m). Khan Tengri is the highest point in Kazakhstan and third-highest peak in Kyrgyzstan, after Jengish Chokusu (7,439 m) and Avicenna Peak (7,134 m). It is also the world's most northern 7,000-metre peak, notable because peaks of high latitude have a shorter climbing season, generally more severe weather and thinner air.
Roxburgh Park
Roxburgh Park (/rɒksb(ə)rə/ ⓘ rocks-bə-RƏ, also /rɒksbɜːrɡ/ ⓘ rocks-BURG) is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 21 km (13 mi) north of the central business district, located within the City of Hume local government area. Roxburgh Park recorded a population of 24,129 at the 2021 census.

The suburb is bound by Craigieburn to the north, to the west by Aitken Boulevard skirting the Greenvale Reservoir, to the east by the Craigieburn railway line and to the south by Somerton Road.

Local government areas of Victoria
This is a list of local government areas (LGAs) in Victoria, sorted by region.

Also referred to as municipalities, the 79 Victorian LGAs are classified as cities (34), shires (38), rural cities (6) and boroughs (1). In general, an urban or suburban LGA is called a city and is governed by a city council, while a rural LGA covering a larger rural area is usually called a shire and is governed by a shire council. Local councils have the same administrative functions and similar political structures, regardless of their classification.

Local elections are held in Victoria every four years with the most recent elections held in 2024.
Ankisatra
Ankisatra is a town and commune (Malagasy: kaominina) in western Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Maintirano, which is a part of Melaky Region. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 3,000 in 2001 commune census.

Only primary schooling is available. The majority 90% of the population of the commune are farmers, while an additional 2% receives their livelihood from raising livestock. The most important crops are coconuts and rice; also bananas are an important agricultural product. Additionally fishing employs 8% of the population.

Melaky
Melaky is a region in northwestern Madagascar. It borders Boeny Region in northeast, Betsiboka in east, Bongolava in southeast and Menabe in south. The capital of the region is Maintirano. The population was estimated to be 309,805 in 2018 within the area of 38,852 km2 (15,001 sq mi). Melaky has the smallest population and the lowest population density of all Malagasy regions.
Pauls Valley Democrat
The Pauls Valley Democrat is a tri-weekly newspaper published in Pauls Valley, Oklahoma, United States, covering Pauls Valley and other communities in Garvin County. It is owned by Community Newspaper Holdings Inc.

In May 2011, the paper adopted its current name after reducing its frequency to three issues a week. It was previously called the Pauls Valley Daily Democrat and published five editions per week.

CNHI
CNHI, LLC (an abbreviation of its original name, Community Newspaper Holdings, Inc.) is an American publisher of newspapers and advertising-related publications throughout the United States. The company was formed in 1997 by Ralph Martin, and is based in Montgomery, Alabama (after moving from Birmingham, Alabama in September 2011). The company is financed by, and is a subsidiary of, the Retirement Systems of Alabama (RSA).
Kader Belarbi
Kader Belarbi (born 1962) is a French ballet dancer, choreographer and director. He spent his whole career in the Paris National Opera Ballet, between 1980 and 2008, and belongs to the company’s “Nureyev generation”, having been made an étoile (principal) by Rudolf Nureyev in 1989.

Since 2012, he has been Director of Dance at the Toulouse Capitol Theatre, heading the Capitol Ballet.

Principal dancer
A principal dancer (often shortened to principal) is a dancer at the highest rank within a professional dance company, particularly a ballet company. A principal may be of any gender and is usually the star of the ballet. The term is used mostly in ballet but can be used in other forms as well, such as modern dance. The term senior principal dancer is sometimes used as well.

The position is similar to that of soloist; however, principals regularly perform not only solos, but also pas de deux as well as headlining performances they participate in. Principal dancers can be hired into a dance company or can also be a company dancer that is a corps de ballet dancer that gets promoted from within the company. That process can take multiple performance seasons or even years to achieve based on skill level and company interest.
Mill Creek, Del Norte, California
Mill Creek, Del Norte, California is a major tributary to the Smith River in Del Norte County in extreme northwestern California, on the West Coast of the United States. Much of Mill Creek flows through the Del Norte Coast Redwoods State Park. Mill Creek watershed is south of the Smith River. Redwoods Rising a joint venture of the Save the Redwoods League, California State Parks, and the National Park Service has been working since 2018 to restore logged Coastal Redwood trees in the Mill Creek watershed. Mill creek is also fed from the West Branch of the Mill Creek and East Fork of the Mill Creek. Bummer Lake Creek feeds the East Fork of the Mill Creek. Mill Creek and its tributaries flow through some of the largest old-growth coast redwood forests.

California State Parks
California State Parks is the state park system for the U.S. state of California. The system is administered by the California Department of Parks and Recreation, a department under the California Natural Resources Agency. The California State Parks system is the largest state park system in the United States.

California State Parks administers 279 separate park units on 1.4 million acres (5,700 km2), with over 280 miles (450 km) of California coastline; 625 miles (1,006 km) of lake and river frontage; nearly 15,000 campsites; and 3,000 miles (4,800 km) of hiking, biking, and equestrian trails. Headquartered in Sacramento, park administration is divided into 21 districts.
Preservation Action
Preservation Action is an American 501(c)4 non-profit historic preservation advocacy organization. Preservation Action was created in 1974 to serve as the national grassroots lobby for historic preservation. The organization seeks to make historic preservation a national priority by advocating to all branches of the federal government for sound preservation policy and programs through a grassroots constituency of hundreds of members from throughout the United States. Preservation Action provides information and training, and encourages direct contact with elected representatives, with National Historic Preservation Advocacy Week being the highlight of advocacy and outreach efforts each year.

Preservation Action's offices are in the Christian Heurich Mansion in Washington, D.C., though it has representatives across the country.

501(c) organization
A 501(c) organization is a nonprofit organization in the federal law of the United States according to Internal Revenue Code (26 U.S.C. § 501(c)). Such organizations are exempt from some federal income taxes. Sections 503 through 505 set out the requirements for obtaining such exemptions. Many states refer to Section 501(c) for definitions of organizations exempt from state taxation as well. 501(c) organizations can receive unlimited contributions from individuals, corporations, and unions.

For example, a nonprofit organization may be tax-exempt under section 501(c)(3) if its primary activities are charitable, religious, educational, scientific, literary, testing for public safety, fostering amateur sports competition, or preventing cruelty to children or animals.