hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Homophonic translation
Homophonic translation renders a text in one language into a near-homophonic text in another language, usually with no attempt to preserve the original meaning of the text.  For example, the English "sat on a wall" /ˌsæt ɒn ə ˈwɔːl/ is rendered as French "s'étonne aux Halles" [setɔn o al] (literally "gets surprised at the Paris Market"). More generally, homophonic transformation renders a text into a near-homophonic text in the same or another language: e.g., "recognize speech" could become "wreck a nice beach".

Homophonic translation is generally used humorously, as bilingual punning (macaronic language). This requires the listener or reader to understand both the surface, nonsensical translated text, as well as the source text—the surface text then sounds like source text spoken in a foreign accent.

Homophonic translation may be used to render proper nouns in a foreign language. If an attempt is made to match meaning as well as sound, it is phono-semantic matching.

Source text
A source text is a text (sometimes oral) from which information or ideas are derived. In translation, a source text is the original text that is to be translated into another language.

More generally, source material or symbolic sources are objects meant to communicate information, either publicly or privately, to some person, known or unknown. Typical symbolic sources include written documents such as letters, notes, receipts, ledgers, manuscripts, reports, or public signage, or graphic art, etc. Symbolic sources exclude, for example, bits of broken pottery or scraps of food excavated from a midden—and this regardless of how much information can be extracted from an ancient trash heap, or how little can be extracted from a written document.
Long-acting beta-adrenoceptor agonist
Long-acting β adrenoceptor agonists (LABAs) are beta-adrenergic agonists usually prescribed for moderate-to-severe persistent asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

LABAs are designed to reduce the need for shorter-acting β2 agonists such as salbutamol (albuterol), as they have an approximately twelve-hour duration of action, compared to about five hours for salbutamol, making them candidates for sparing high doses of corticosteroids or treating nocturnal asthma and providing symptomatic relief for COPD patients.

With the exception of formoterol, LABAs are not recommended for the treatment of acute asthma exacerbations because of their slower onset of action compared to salbutamol. Their long duration of action is due to the addition of a long lipophilic side-chain that binds to an exosite on adrenergic receptors. This allows the active portion of the molecule to continuously bind and unbind at β2 receptors in the smooth muscle of the lungs.

Beta-2 adrenergic receptor
The beta-2 adrenergic receptor (β2 adrenoreceptor), also known as ADRB2, is a cell membrane-spanning beta-adrenergic receptor that binds epinephrine (adrenaline), a hormone and neurotransmitter  whose signaling, via adenylate cyclase stimulation through trimeric Gs proteins, increases cAMP, and, via downstream L-type calcium channel interaction, mediates physiologic responses such as smooth muscle relaxation and bronchodilation.

Robert Lefkowitz and Brian Kobilka's study of the beta-2 adrenergic receptor as a model system earned them the 2012 Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for studies of G-protein-coupled receptors".

The official symbol for the human gene encoding the β2 adrenoreceptor is ADRB2.
Praveen Kumar (para-athlete, born 1992)
Praveen Kumar (20 August 1992) is an Indian para athlete who competes in javelin throw. He qualified to represent India at the 2024 Summer Paralympics at Paris. He will compete in the men's javelin throw F57 category at the Paralympics.

India at the 2024 Summer Paralympics
India competed at the 2024 Summer Paralympics in Paris from 28 August to 8 September 2024. The nation made its official debut at the 1968 Summer Paralympics and has appeared in every edition of the Summer Paralympics since 1984. This was India's 13th appearance at the Summer Paralympics.

India sent a contingent consisting of 84 athletes competing across 12 sports in the Paralympic Games. Bhagyashree Jadhav and Sumit Antil were the flag bearers during the opening ceremony. Later, Preethi Pal and Harvinder Singh served as the flag bearers during the closing ceremony.

India won 29 medals including seven gold, nine silver, and thirteen bronze medals. This marked India's highest ever medal tally in Paralympic Games surpassing the tally of 19 medals won in the 2020 Games.
Siphandone Lothalath
Siphandone Lothalath (born 19 November 1993) is a Laotian professional basketball player. He currently plays for the Dunkin' Raptors club of the Thailand Basketball League.

He represented Laos’ national basketball team at several international tournaments. 
At the 2017 Southeast Asian Games in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, he was Laos’ top scorer in the game against Myanmar and helped secure a 78-60 victory.

Basketball at the 2017 SEA Games – Men's tournament
The men's basketball tournament at the 2017 SEA Games was held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia at the MABA Stadium from 20 to 26 August. The Philippines successfully defended its championship for the record twelfth consecutive time. Indonesia settled for the silver medal for the second consecutive time, while Thailand again placed in the podium (with the last podium finish in 2013) after winning the bronze medal.
Eduard Ausfeld (colonel)
Ernst Wilhelm Eduard Ausfeld (1885–1946) was a German military officer involved in the Finnish Civil War. He was a participant in the Jäger Movement, which trained Finnish volunteers in the German Empire. He participated at the Battle of Tampere and the Battle of Vyborg alongside the White Army. Ausfeld was later awarded the Order of the Cross of Liberty by the Finnish government after the war.

Jäger Movement
The Jäger Movement (Finnish: Jääkäriliike) consisted of volunteers from Finland who trained in Germany as Jägers during World War I. Supported by Germany to enable the creation of a Finnish sovereign state, the movement was one of many means by which Germany intended to weaken Russia and to cause Russia's loss of its western provinces and dependencies.
Silifke HES
Silifke HES is a regulator and a low power hydroelectric plant in Turkey.

It is at 36°23′19″N 33°56′34″E﻿ / ﻿36.38861°N 33.94278°E﻿ / 36.38861; 33.94278 in Silifke ilçe (district) of Mersin Province. It is to the east of Turkish state highway  D.715 which connects Silifke to north.

The dam is on a channel flowing to Göksu River.  Although it is currently owned by EÜAŞ, the public company, soon together with four other low power Hydro electric plants in Mersin Province, it will be privatized.

The annual production is 2 000 000 kWh.

Göksu
The Göksu River (Turkish: Göksu Nehri), known in antiquity as the Calycadnus and in the Middle Ages as the Saleph, is a river on the Taşeli Plateau in southern Turkey. Its two sources arise in the Taurus Mountains—the northern in the Geyik Mountains and the southern in the Haydar Mountains—and meet south of Mut. The combined stream then flows south to the Göksu Delta in the Mediterranean Sea near Silifke.
Trachycephalus lepidus
Trachycephalus lepidus is a species of frogs in the family Hylidae endemic to Brazil.
Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss. This species was previously within the genus Phrynohyas, which was recently synonymized with Trachycephalus.

Hylidae
Hylidae is a wide-ranging family of frogs commonly referred to as "tree frogs and their allies". However, the hylids include a diversity of frog species, many of which do not live in trees, but are terrestrial or semiaquatic.
Slatina, Levice District
Slatina (Hungarian: Szalatnya) is a village in Slovakia near Levice. The village is known for the Slatina, mineral water extracted here.

First written reference to the village dates from 1245. A spa has existed here since the 18th century.

Spa
A spa is a location where mineral-rich spring water (sometimes seawater) is used to give medicinal baths. Spa health treatments are known as balneotherapy. The belief in the curative powers of mineral waters and hot springs goes back to prehistoric times. Spa towns, spa resorts, and day spas are popular worldwide, but are especially widespread in Europe and Japan.
Occupy Canada
Occupy Canada was a collective of peaceful protests and demonstrations that were part of the larger Occupy Together movement which first manifested in the financial district of New York City with Occupy Wall Street, and subsequently spread to over 900 cities around the world.

Global Day of Action
Global Day of Action is a direct action protest format. Environmentalism initiatives began to use it in 2005 in connection with Global Climate Campaign. They aimed to focus world attention on the anthropogenic effect that humans are having on global warming. Its main objective is to spearhead demands that elected representatives of their respective governments honor commitments set forth by the Kyoto Protocol, by conducting in unison peaceful demonstrations around the world. The demonstration, or rallies, are intended to coincide with the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), a meeting of world leaders from 189 nations, that meet annually to discuss climate change.
Johann Andreas Scherer
Johann Baptist Andreas Ritter von Scherer (24 June 1755 – 10 April 1844) was an Austrian chemist and botanist.

Scherer was born in Prague. He studied chemistry at the universities of Prague and Vienna, receiving his doctorate in 1782. As a student his instructors included botanists Joseph Gottfried Mikan and Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin. In 1797 he became a professor of chemistry at the Theresianum in Vienna, followed by a professorship at the Polytechnic Institute in Prague (from 1803). From 1807 to 1834 he was a professor of specialized natural history at the University of Vienna.

In 1811 he was elevated to the status of "Ritter" (title of nobility). From 1832 he was an editor of the Österreichischen medizinischen Jahrbücher. He died in Vienna.

Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin
Nikolaus Joseph Freiherr von Jacquin (16 February 1727 – 26 October 1817) was a scientist who studied medicine, chemistry and botany. He travelled to the West Indies as part of an Austrian expedition and collected a large number of botanical specimens and described many species. He served as the first professor of chemistry in the mining academy at Schemnitz in Austria and later worked at the University of Vienna. He was the father of the botanist Joseph Franz von Jacquin.
Geometric progression
A geometric progression, also known as a geometric sequence, is a mathematical sequence of non-zero numbers where each term after the first is found by multiplying the previous one by a fixed number called the common ratio. For example, the sequence 2, 6, 18, 54, ... is a geometric progression with a common ratio of 3. Similarly 10, 5, 2.5, 1.25, ... is a geometric sequence with a common ratio of 1/2.

Examples of a geometric sequence are powers rk of a fixed non-zero number r, such as 2k and 3k. The general form of a geometric sequence is

where r is the common ratio and a is the initial value.

The sum of a geometric progression's terms is called a geometric series. Because each two successive numbers in the progression have the same proportion, the terms in a geometric series are also said to be in continued proportion, especially in the context of ancient Greek mathematics, where geometric progressions were described in this way rather than through powers of the common ratio.

Proportionality (mathematics)
In mathematics, two sequences of numbers, often experimental data, are proportional or directly proportional if their corresponding elements have a constant ratio. The ratio is called coefficient of proportionality (or proportionality constant) and its reciprocal is known as constant of normalization (or normalizing constant). Two sequences are inversely proportional if corresponding elements have a constant product.

Two functions  and  are proportional if their ratio  is a constant function.

If several pairs of variables share the same direct proportionality constant, the equation expressing the equality of these ratios is called a proportion, e.g., ⁠a/b⁠ = ⁠x/y⁠ = ⋯ = k (for details see Ratio).
Proportionality is closely related to linearity.
California Assembly Bill 2013 (2024)
California Assembly Bill 2013 (AB 2013) is a California law requiring developers of generative artificial intelligence systems to publicly disclose information about the data used to train their models. The law was authored by Assemblymember Jacqui Irwin (D-Thousand Oaks), signed by Governor Gavin Newsom on September 28, 2024, and took effect on January 1, 2026. It passed both chambers of the legislature unanimously (38–0 in the Senate, 75–0 in the Assembly).

AB 2013 was among 18 AI-related bills enacted by California in 2024, a period in which the state's regulation of artificial intelligence drew national attention, particularly around the vetoed SB 1047.

Jacqui Irwin
Jacqueline Van Egmond Irwin (born January 3, 1962) is an American politician currently serving in the California State Assembly. She is a Democrat representing the 42nd Assembly district, having previously represented the 44th. Before being elected to the Assembly in 2014, Irwin worked as a systems engineer at Johns Hopkins University and Teledyne, then served as a two-term mayor and three-term city councilmember in Thousand Oaks.
Tveiten
Tveiten is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ivar Petterson Tveiten (1850–1934), Norwegian teacher and politician

John Tveiten (1933–1994), Norwegian wrestler

Margit Tveiten (born 1961), Norwegian diplomat

Merethe Tveiten (born 1995), Norwegian para table tennis player

Ragnar Tveiten (born 1938), Norwegian biathlete

Rita Tveiten (born 1954), Norwegian politician

Margit Tveiten
Margit Fredrikke Tveiten (born 27 August 1961) is a Norwegian diplomat.

She was born in Kristiansand and is a cand.mag. and cand.jur. by education. She started working for the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1988, and had a stint in the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development from 1992 to 1994. From 2004 to 2007 she led the Parliament of Norway International Secretariat, before embarking on a period as Norwegian ambassador to Iceland from 2007 to 2010. After four years as subdirector and three years as deputy under-secretary in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs she served as the Norwegian ambassador to Italy from 2017.
Corridor (film)
Corridor is a 2012 horror short film written, edited, directed by Saumin Mehta and produced by Rohit Gupta and Saumin Mehta. The film was acquired for digital distribution by Pocket Films and subsequently released on YouTube in December of the same year. On October 23, 2014 NDTV Prime - India's prime national television channel broadcast the film nationwide.

Rohit Gupta
Rohit Gupta (pronounced [ˈroːɦɪt̪ ɡuːptə]) is a film director, producer and entrepreneur who resides in the United States. He is known for directing Midnight Delight, Life! Camera Action..., Another Day Another Life, winning several awards & nominations. Gupta is the founder and owner of Dot & Feather Entertainment production company, Film Festivals To Go (FFTG), and FFTG Awards Film Fest.
Phoenix Bypass Route
The Phoenix Bypass Route is an informal designation for a highway combination in the U.S. state of Arizona that allows long-distance motorists to avoid traveling through the central Phoenix metropolitan area. The route consists of Interstate 8 (I-8) between Casa Grande and Gila Bend, and State Route 85 (SR 85) between Gila Bend and Buckeye, where it reconnects with Interstate 10 (I-10).

The combination of SR 85 between I-10 and I-8, together with I-8 between SR 85 and I-10 near Casa Grande, has been promoted as a bypass of the Phoenix area for long-distance travelers on I-10, particularly for traffic between southern California and Tucson or points farther east.

Casa Grande, Arizona
Casa Grande (O'odham: Wainom Wo:g) is a city in Pinal County, approximately halfway between Phoenix and Tucson, in the U.S. state of Arizona. The population was 53,658 at the 2020 census, and was estimated to be 68,927 in 2024. It is named after the Casa Grande Ruins National Monument which is actually located in Coolidge. Casa Grande is Spanish for "big house". Among resident English speakers, there is no consensus on how to pronounce the city's name. As of 2025 the population of Casa Grande is 70,156.
Emanuela Potocka
Countess Emanuela Potocka, born Princess Emanuela Pignatelli di Cerchiara (1852–1930), was an Italian-Polish noblewoman and fashionable salonière in Paris during the 19th century.

She was a descendant of a high noble family from Italy. She married the Polish Count Potocki and established herself at the Hôtel Potocki in the 8th arrondissement of Paris. Her salon became fashionable and was visited and written about by Proust, Maupassant, Barrès, Bourget, Robert de Montesquiou, Reynaldo Hahn, Widor and others. Jean Béraud also painted her salon.

Jean Béraud
Jean Béraud (French: [beʁo]; 12 January 1849 – 4 October 1935) was a French painter renowned for his numerous paintings of life in Paris and especially its nightlife. His works depicting the Champs Elysees, cafés, Montmartre and the banks of the Seine are precisely detailed illustrations of everyday Parisian life during the Belle Époque. He also painted religious subjects in a contemporary setting.
Kinji
Kinji (written: 欣二, 欽治, 錦司 or キンジ in katakana) is a masculine Japanese given name. Notable people with the name include:

Kinji Akagawa (born 1940), American sculptor

Kinji Fukasaku (深作 欣二) (1930–2003), Japanese actor, screenwriter and film director

Kinji Imanishi (今西 錦司) (1902–1992), Japanese scientist

Kinji Shibuya (キンジ 渋谷) (1921–2010), American professional wrestler and actor

Kinji Zeniya (銭谷　欽治) (born 1953), Japanese badminton player

Fictional characters:

Kinji Tohyama, a character from the anime series Aria the Scarlet Ammo

Kinji Imanishi
Kinji Imanishi (今西 錦司, Imanishi Kinji; January 6, 1902 – June 15, 1992) was a Japanese ecologist and anthropologist. He was the founder of Kyoto University's Primate Research Institute and, together with Junichiro Itani, is considered one of the founders of Japanese primatology.: 314
Village étape
A Village étape (France, pronounced [vilaʒ etap]) or a Village relais (Québec, pronounced [vilaʒ ʁəlɛ]) is a small town, typically under five thousand people, designated to provide a complete set of services for national or provincial highway travellers. While most do provide natural or cultural landmarks, activities or attractions in some form, the core requirements address quality or hours of operation for amenities such as restaurants, grocers, lodging and tourist information.

Lozère
Lozère (French pronunciation: [lɔzɛʁ] ⓘ; Occitan: Losera [luˈzeɾɔ]) is a landlocked department in the region of Occitanie in southern France, located near the Massif Central, bounded to the northeast by Haute-Loire, to the east by Ardèche, to the south by Gard, to the west by Aveyron, and the northwest by Cantal. It is named after Mont Lozère. With 76,604 inhabitants as of 2019, Lozère is the least populous French department.
Patricio Achurra
Patricio Achurra Garfias (born Santiago, February 3, 1948) is a Chilean actor and politician. Recognized for his roles in telenovelas such as J.J. Juez, La Colorina, La madrastra, and series such as Martín Rivas, among many others.

He was mayor of Paine from 2004 to 2008, backed by his party, the Christian Democratic Party. In 2012 he was elected councilor of the commune of Paine during the period 2012 to 2016.

His son is the actor Ignacio Achurra.

Martín Rivas (TV series)
Martín Rivas is a Chilean historical drama television series adaptation of the novel of the same name by Alberto Blest Gana, that aired on TVN and TV Chile from March 15, to September 6, 2010, starring Diego Muñoz and María Gracia Omegna.
Annandale (rugby league team)
Annandale were an Australian rugby league football club which played in the New South Wales Rugby Football League premiership from 1910 to 1920. Based in Annandale, New South Wales and nicknamed "The Dales", the club's colours were red and gold.

The club was never able to finish higher than fifth in their eleven-year history and won just one match in their final three seasons. At the insistence of South Sydney this, combined with the industrialisation of the area led to their omission from the competition for further seasons at the end of 1920. All these events are often attributed to the fact that fewer players were eligible to play under the residency rules in place at the time (Glebe would also later fall victim, in part, to this phenomenon).

New South Wales Rugby League premiership
The New South Wales Rugby League premiership was the first rugby league football club competition established in Australia and contributor to today's National Rugby League. Run by the New South Wales Rugby League (initially named the New South Wales Rugby Football League) from 1908 until 1994, the premiership was the state's elite rugby league competition, parallel to Queensland's first-class league, the Brisbane Rugby League.

For most of the premiership's history it was contested by clubs from the state of New South Wales only, but later attempted to grow into a nationwide competition, eventually leading to the competition being played under the auspices of the Australian Rugby League in 1995.  Despite this name, the 1995 and 1996 Australian Rugby League Premierships competitions were still administered by the Board and staff of the New South Wales Rugby League.
Seelow-Gusow station
Seelow-Gusow station is a railway station in the municipality of Gusow-Platkow in the Märkisch-Oderland district of Brandenburg, Germany. It serves the village of Gusow, as well as the town of Seelow about four kilometers away. It is a stop on the line RB 26.

Niederbarnimer Eisenbahn
Niederbarnimer Eisenbahn AG (NEB) is a private regional  railway company in Berlin and Brandenburg, eastern Germany and as well as bordering areas in Poland. It manages railway infrastructure, and, via its subsidiary NEB Betriebsgesellschaft GmbH, operates regional train services on its own, DB and PKP infrastructure.
Charlice Byrd
Charlice Hew Byrd (born September 14, 1951) is a Republican member of the Georgia House of Representatives who serves District 20 and parts of Cherokee County. She is a member of the Georgia Freedom Caucus.

An elementary educator from New Orleans, Louisiana, she and her husband, Michael reside in Woodstock, Georgia and are members of First Baptist Woodstock.

She graduated from Southeastern Louisiana University.

Byrd is of Chinese descent.

Southeastern Louisiana University
Southeastern Louisiana University (Southeastern) is a public university in Hammond, Louisiana. It was founded in 1925 by Linus A. Sims as Hammond Junior College. Sims succeeded in getting the campus moved to north Hammond in 1928, when it became known as Southeastern Louisiana College. It achieved university status in 1970.

In the fall of 2019 there were 14,298 students enrolled. During the 1990s, Southeastern was one of the fastest-growing colleges in the United States. The university is the third largest in Louisiana, trailing only LSU and the University of Louisiana at Lafayette.

Southeastern's colors are green and gold, and the mascot is a lion named Roomie. Southeastern's sports teams participate in NCAA Division I (FCS for football) in the Southland Conference.