hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Selva Erdener
Selva Erdener is Turkish operatic soprano singer with the Turkish State Opera and Ballet. She studied at the Gazi University and attended conservatory at Hacettepe University in her hometown of Ankara. As a soloist with the Turkish State Opera she has performed in various works including Gluck's Orfeo ed Euridice, Puccini's La Boheme, Faust by Charles Gounod, Donizetti's Don Pasquale, I Pagliacci by Ruggero Leoncavallo, several Mozart operas (including Die Zauberflöte, Don Giovanni, Le nozze di Figaro, Cosi fan tutte).

Erdener performed the soprano vocals in "İnsan İnsan", a centuries old poem by the Alevi poet Muhyiddin Abdal that was set to music by the Turkish composer Fazıl Say.

Kalan Müzik
Kalan Müzik or Kalan Music for the West is a Turkish independent record label company based in Istanbul. It was founded in 1991 by Hasan Saltık. It specializes in releasing Saltık's recordings of classical and traditional ethnic and folk music from Turkey and the surrounding region. It is sometimes listed as Kalan Ses ("Kalan Audio" or "Kalan Sound"). Kalan has annual revenues of $3 million, and has released more than 400 albums.

From 1992 to 2002, some of Kalan's output met governmental opposition. In 2003, Saltık's work through Kalan made him a laureate of the international Prince Claus Awards for having "founded a small company to produce recordings of the highest quality which have been the catalyst for the revival of musical traditions and led to their dissemination worldwide [through] establishing a label which produces unparalleled recordings". Since 2004, the Turkish Culture Ministry hands out Kalan CDs to visiting dignitaries.
Ethmoidal veins
The ethmoidal veins are the venae comitantes (accompanying veins) of the anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries, responsible for the venous drainage of blood from the roof, upper lateral, and medial walls of the nasal cavity, the dorsum of the nose, and from the dura mater of the anterior cranial fossa.

Cranial fossa
A cranial fossa is formed by the floor of the cranial cavity.

There are three distinct cranial fossae:

Anterior cranial fossa (fossa cranii anterior), housing the projecting frontal lobes of the brain

Middle cranial fossa (fossa cranii media), separated from the posterior fossa by the clivus and the petrous crest housing the temporal lobe

Posterior cranial fossa (fossa cranii posterior), between the foramen magnum and tentorium cerebelli, containing the brainstem and cerebellum
Lawson Tower
Lawson Tower is a historic tower built in the style of a European castle turret.  It is located off First Parish Road in Scituate Center, Massachusetts, United States.  Built in 1902 to enclose a steel water tank, it is a major local landmark.  The Scituate Water Company stopped using the tank in 1988. The tower is listed as both an American Water Landmark and in the National Register of Historic Places. It has become a popular tourist destination, featuring sweeping views of the South Shore, Old Scituate Light, Minot's Ledge Light and the nearby First Trinitarian Congregational Church.

American and Canadian Water Landmark
An American Water Landmark is a landmark within the United States, Canada, or Mexico that is a historic location and is associated in some way with water. The American Water Works Association has designated American Water Landmarks since 1969.

The following is the list of structures given the American Water Landmark designation:
Schuylkill notes
Schuylkill notes are small pieces of paper with symbolism-oriented conspiracy theories printed on them which have appeared in many locations in the United States in different forms. Authorship of the notes is unknown, with them often being found inside food packaging, hanging from trees along hiking trails, and state parks. They have been discovered primarily in northeastern and central Pennsylvania.

Northeastern Pennsylvania
Northeastern Pennsylvania (NEPA or Nepa; sometimes pronounced /ˈniːpɑː/ NEE-pah) is a region of the U.S. state of Pennsylvania that includes the Pocono Mountains, and the industrial cities of Scranton (the area's largest city), Wilkes-Barre, Pittston, Hazleton, Nanticoke, and Carbondale. A portion of this region is located in the New York City metropolitan area. Recently, Pennsylvania tourism boards have described Northeastern Pennsylvania as Upstate Pennsylvania.

Unlike most other parts of the Rust Belt, some of the communities are experiencing a modest population increase, and others, including Monroe and Pike counties, rank among the state's fastest growing counties.

Northeastern Pennsylvania borders the Pennsylvania Wilds to the west, the New York State Southern Tier and Hudson Valley regions to the north and northeast, Sussex and Warren counties in New Jersey to the east, and the Lehigh Valley to the south.
2010 World Combat Games
The first World Combat Games were held in Beijing, China, from August 28 to September 4, 2010. 136 gold medals were vied for by 1,108 competitors from all five continents.

There were twelve martial arts sports competitions: boxing, judo, ju-jitsu, karate, kendo, kickboxing, muaythai, sambo, sumo, taekwondo, wrestling and wushu.

Sambo (martial art)
Sambo is a combat sport, and is essentially a mixed martial art, as it utilizes techniques from other classical martial arts such as boxing, judo, jujutsu,  Greco-Roman wrestling, and freestyle wrestling. Sambo is a recognized style of amateur wrestling governed by the UWW in the World Wrestling Championships along with Greco-Roman wrestling and freestyle wrestling.  Practiced worldwide, sambo is a martial art with Soviet and Russian origins.
ACIGA
The Australian Consortium for Interferometric Gravitational Astronomy (ACIGA) is a collaboration of Australian research institutions involved in the international gravitational wave research community.

The institutions associated with ACIGA are:

The Australian National University

University of Western Australia

University of Adelaide

Monash University

University of Melbourne

CSIRO optical technology group

Charles Sturt University

Charles Sturt University
Charles Sturt University is an Australian multi-campus public university located in New South Wales, Australian Capital Territory and Victoria. Established in 1989, it was named in honour of Captain Charles Sturt, a British explorer who made expeditions into regional New South Wales and South Australia.

It is the largest regional university in Australia, offering a multidisciplinary spectrum of courses in collaboration with various partners across the country.
Public Law 113-45
Public Law 113-45 (formerly H.R. 3095) is a U.S. federal law that requires that the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration go through the standard rulemaking proceeding, allowing comment from the public and the trucking industry, before it sets any requirements for truck drivers related to sleep apnea. It was introduced in the United States House of Representatives during the 113th United States Congress and was signed into law by President Barack Obama in October 2013.

The law does not make any rulings about what the FMCSA should decide regarding trucking and sleep apnea, but does require the FMCSA to use the formal rulemaking process instead of simply issuing guidance.

113th United States Congress
The 113th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, from January 3, 2013, to January 3, 2015, during the fifth and sixth years of Barack Obama's presidency. It was composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives based on the results of the 2012 Senate elections and the 2012 House elections. The seats in the House were apportioned based on the 2010 United States census. It first met in Washington, D.C., on January 3, 2013, and it ended on January 3, 2015. Senators elected to regular terms in 2008 were in the last two years of those terms during this Congress.

The Senate had a Democratic majority, while the House had a Republican majority; such a split would not be repeated until the 118th Congress. This was the last time Democrats held control of the Senate until the 117th Congress in 2021.
Kailzie Gardens
Kailzie Gardens is a walled garden near Kirkburn in the Scottish Borders area of Scotland, in the Tweed valley, 2.5 miles (4 km) east of Peebles, off the B7062.

The garden dates from 1812. The present owners are Richard and Louise Vardy

Places in the vicinity include Cardrona, the Cardrona Forest, Horsburgh Castle and the Glentress Forest.

Scottish Borders
The Scottish Borders (Scottish Gaelic: Crìochan na h-Alba; Scots: The Mairches), often shortened to the Borders within Scotland, is one of the country's 32 council areas. It is bordered by West Lothian, Edinburgh, Midlothian, and East Lothian to the north, the North Sea to the east, Dumfries and Galloway to the south-west, South Lanarkshire to the west, and the English ceremonial counties of Cumbria and Northumberland to the south. The area's largest settlement is Galashiels; its administrative centre is Newtown St Boswells.

The term "Scottish Borders" is also used for the areas of southern Scotland and northern England that bound the Anglo-Scottish border, namely Dumfries and Galloway, Scottish Borders, Northumberland, and Cumbria. The council area occupies approximately the same area as the historic shires of Berwickshire, Peeblesshire, Roxburghshire, and Selkirkshire.
Faculty of Law, University of the Basque Country
The Faculty of Law, University of the Basque Country (Spanish: Facultad de Derecho, Basque: Zuzenbide Fakultatea) is the Law School (faculty) of the University of the Basque Country.

The main building of the Faculty of Law is located in San Sebastian (Gipuzkoa), on the Gipuzkoa Campus of the University of the Basque Country. Since 1997, the faculty has also a building in Leioa (Biscay), on the Bizkaia Campus (Biscay division).

The Faculty (both the Gipuzkoa and the Biscay divisions) has more than 2,000 students including LLB, LLM, and PhD students.

The Faculty of Law of the UPV/EHU has been the alma mater of a President of the Basque Government, a minister of the Government of Spain and several Ministers of the Basque Government, as well as several deputies, senators, parliamentarians and other politicians.

The current dean of the Faculty of Law is Professor Alberto Emparanza Sobejano, full professor of commercial law.

Miren Gorrotxategi
Miren Edurne Gorrotxategi Azurmendi (born 18 September 1967) is a Basque lawyer, jurist, university teacher and former politician from Spain. She is a university teacher of Constitucional Law at the University of the Basque Country.

She served in the Senate (2016–2019) and the Congress of Deputies (May 2019–September 2019). She was a member of the Basque Parliament and spokesperson of the Elkarrekin Podemos-Ezker Anitza Parliamentary Group in the Basque Parliament from 2020 to 2024.
Punjabi ghagra suit
The Punjabi ghagra (Punjabi: ਘੱਗਰਾ) is a four-piece outfit known as tewar or 'ti-or' which was traditionally worn by Punjabi women throughout the Punjab region with the outfit comprising a head scarf (Phulkari), kurta or kurti, ghagra (long skirt) and either a suthan (baggy trousers with a tight band around the ankles) or the Punjabi salwar (trousers). In modern times, the ghagra is worn by women in parts of Haryana, rural parts of south West Punjab, parts of Himachal Pradesh and during performances of Giddha in East Punjab.

Giddha
Giddha (Punjabi: ਗਿੱਧਾ) is a popular folk dance of women in the Punjab region. The dance is often considered derived from the ancient dance known as the ring dance and is just as energetic as bhangra; at the same time it manages to creatively display feminine grace, elegance and flexibility. It is a highly colourful dance form which has spread to all regions of India. Women perform this dance mainly at festive or social occasions. The dance is accompanied by rhythmic clapping, with a typical traditional folk song performed by elder women in the background.

Giddha varies from other forms of traditional Punjabi dance in that it does not require the two-headed barrel dhol drum to be performed. Instead, women stand in a circle formation and clap rhythms. A lead woman will recite a boli (lyrics) with a refrain that the entire circle then repeats. The whole form of a giddha song is worked through in this call and response form. Giddha details stories of women's lives, including sexuality.
Maria Tivodariu
Maria Lehaci (born Maria Tivodariu; 28 June 1999) is a Romanian rower. She is an Olympic champion and won the gold medal in the women's eight at the 2024 Summer Olympics. Lehaci is also a two-time world champion in eight and six-time European champion, including titles in eight and coxless four. She competed in the women's eight event at the 2020 Summer Olympics.

She married the rower Florin Lehaci in 2023.

World Rowing Championships
The World Rowing Championships is an international rowing regatta organized by FISA (the International Rowing Federation). It is a week-long event held at the end of the northern hemisphere summer and in non-Olympic years is the highlight of the international rowing calendar.
Castle of Freixo de Numão
The Castle of Freixo de Numão (Portuguese: Castelo de Freixo de Numão) is a Portuguese calcolithic and bronze age walled enclosure in civil parish of Freixo de Numão, in the municipality of Vila Nova de Foz Côa, in the district of Guarda.

Concelho
Concelho (Portuguese: [kõˈseʎu]) is the Portuguese-language term for municipality, referring to the territorial subdivision in local government. In comparison, the word município ([muniˈsipiu]) refers to the organs of State. This differentiation is still in use in Portugal and some of its former overseas provinces, but is no longer in use in Brazil following the abolition of these organs, in favour of the French prefecture system. It is similar to borough and council.
Fernando Rodríguez Méndez
Fernando Rodríguez Méndez is a Spanish journalist and writer. He has worked for the newspapers Faro de Vigo and La Región, and at Galician Television. He has written for El Observador, Cambio 16, Interviu, Tiempo, and Radio Nacional. He was press officer and director of Communication in institutions of Galicia. He is a member of Federation of Associations of Journalists of Spain (FAPE).

Méndez is one of the most awarded journalists on drug dependency in the country. He was awarded prestigious prizes such as the Reina Sofía Journalism Prize (twice) and the Prize Xunta de Galicia on drug dependency. In 2013, he won the Ana María Agüero Melnyczuk investigation journalism award with his coverage of the “Methyl Case” in Argentina.

Press secretary
A press secretary or press officer is a senior advisor who provides advice on how to deal with the news media and, using news management techniques, helps their employer to maintain a positive public image and avoid negative media coverage.
Big Music (Simple Minds album)
Big Music is the sixteenth studio album by Scottish rock band Simple Minds. It was released on 31 October 2014 by Sony Music. "Honest Town" was released as the lead single on 10 October 2014. The album was available to stream from 28 October 2014.

Silver Box
Silver Box is a 5-CD box set of demos, radio sessions and live recordings by Scottish rock band Simple Minds, released in October 2004, which also includes Our Secrets Are the Same (as disc 5), the band's long-delayed (1999/2000) twelfth studio album of original material.
Deaths in April 2017
The following is a list of notable deaths in April 2017.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent country of citizenship (if applicable), reason for notability, cause of death (if known), and reference.

Berwick Rangers F.C.
Berwick Rangers Football Club is a football team based in the town of Berwick-upon-Tweed in England, who play in the Scottish football system. Founded in 1884, they currently play in the Lowland League, the fifth tier of Scottish football, despite being based in England. They were the only club from outside Scotland in the Scottish Professional Football League until their relegation in 2019.
Astronomical rings
Astronomical rings (Latin: annuli astronomici), also known as Gemma's rings, are an early astronomical instrument. The instrument consists of three rings, representing the celestial equator, declination, and the meridian.

It can be used as a sun dial to tell time, if the approximate latitude and season is known, or to tell latitude, if the time is known or observed (at solar noon). It may be considered to be a simplified, portable armillary sphere, or a more complex form of astrolabe.

Noon
Noon (also known as noontime or midday) is 12 o'clock in the daytime.

Solar noon is the time when the Sun appears to contact the local celestial meridian. This is when the Sun reaches its apparent highest point in the sky, at 12 noon apparent solar time and can be observed using a sundial. The local or clock time of solar noon depends on the date, longitude, and time zone, with Daylight Saving Time tending to place solar noon closer to 1:00pm.
Ahl Ramel
Ahl Ramel is a small town and rural commune in Taroudant Province of the Souss-Massa-Drâa region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 8,286 people living in 1,386 households.

2004 Moroccan census
The 2004 Moroccan census, formally the General Population and Housing Census for the year 2004, was held in Morocco in 2004, conducted by the High Planning Commission. The previous census was taken in 1994.
Konnersreuth
Konnersreuth is a municipality in the district of Tirschenreuth in Bavaria, Germany. It is situated in the northeast foothills of the Steinwald mountains between the Fichtel Mountains and the Upper Palatinate Forest, close to the Czech border. The village is best known as the home of the 20th-century Catholic stigmatist Therese Neumann.

Steinwald
The Steinwald is a mountain range up to 946 m above sea level (NN) in southern Germany and, at the same time, a nature park (Steinwald Nature Park) founded in 1970 with an area of 246 square kilometres (95 sq mi) in the province of Upper Palatinate, in North Bavaria.
Pyrenochaeta terrestris
Pyrenochaeta terrestris is a fungal plant pathogen that infects maize, sweet potatoes, and strawberries. This plant pathogen causes a disease in onion (Allium cepa) that is commonly called pink root. P. terrestris is also known to infect shallots, garlic, leeks, chives, cantaloupe, carrots, cauliflower, cowpea, cucumbers, eggplants, lima beans, millet, oats, peas, peppers, potatoes, spinach, sugarcane, and tomatoes.

Lima bean
A lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus), also commonly known as butter bean, sieva bean, double bean or Madagascar bean, is a legume grown for its edible seeds or beans.

Although lima beans and butter beans are the same species, they are sometimes considered distinct in culinary use, the former being small and green, the latter large and yellow. In areas where both are considered to be lima beans, the green variety may be labeled as "baby" (and less commonly "junior") limas.
Xlendi Tower
Xlendi Tower (Maltese: Torri tax-Xlendi) is a small watchtower near Xlendi Bay, within the limits of Munxar on the island of Gozo in Malta. The tower is one of the Lascaris towers and dates to 1650; it is currently undergoing restoration.

It is the oldest of the four surviving watchtowers on Gozo, the three  others being Dwejra Tower, Mġarr ix-Xini Tower and Isopu Tower. The earlier Garzes and Marsalforn towers were destroyed in the 18th and 19th centuries.

Marsalforn Tower
Marsalforn Tower (Maltese: Torri ta' Marsalforn) refers to two towers that stood near Marsalforn, in the limits of Xagħra, Gozo, Malta. The first one was built in 1616, as the fourth of six Wignacourt towers, and collapsed  around 1715. The second was a Tour-reduit, which was built in 1720 and demolished in 1915.

Both towers formed part of a chain of fortifications built to defend the town of Marsalforn and nearby bays from Ottoman or Barbary attacks. Although the area was fortified by several towers, batteries, redoubts and entrenchments, the only surviving vestige of these is Qolla l-Bajda Battery between Qbajjar and Xwejni Bays.
All Our Wrong Todays
All Our Wrong Todays is a 2017 science fiction novel by Canadian screenwriter Elan Mastai. It is Mastai's debut novel and was first published in February 2017 in the United States by Dutton, in Canada by Doubleday Canada, and in the United Kingdom in March 2017 by Michael Joseph. The novel is about a man from a utopia in an alternate reality who finds himself stuck in our reality after a time travel accident.

All Our Wrong Todays was nominated for the 2018 Sidewise Award for Alternate History, and the 2018 Sunburst Award for Canadian Literature of the Fantastic. It was also longlisted for the 2019 Canadian Broadcasting Corporation's Canada Reads competition. The book has been translated into 24 languages, including French by Jean Bonnefoy as Tous nos contretemps, published by Bragelonne in September 2017, and German by Rainer Schmidt as Die beste meiner Welten, published by Goldmann in April 2018. Tous nos contretemps won the 2018 Prix Bob Morane for Best Foreign Novel.

Doubleday Canada
Doubleday Canada is an imprint of the publishing company Penguin Random House Canada. The company used to be known as Forboys. It was incorporated in 1936, and since 1945 it has been known as Doubleday Canada Limited. In 1986 parent company Doubleday was acquired by Bertelsmann. Due to Canadian policy at the time, majority control of Doubleday Canada was sold to Anna Porter. Porter sold her shares to Winnipeg businessman Abraham Simkin in 1991. Random House of Canada, which has just been acquired by Bertelsmann, acquired Doubleday Canada in 1999. In 2013, Random House of Canada and Penguin Canada merged to form Penguin Random House Canada.
EML Lembit
EML Lembit is one of two Kalev-class mine-laying submarines built for the Republic of Estonia before World War II, and is now a museum ship in Tallinn. She was launched in 1936 at Vickers-Armstrongs, Barrow-in-Furness, and served in the Estonian Navy and the Soviet Navy. Until she was hauled out on 21 May 2011, Lembit was the oldest submarine still afloat in the world. Her sister ship, Kalev, was sunk in October 1941. Lembit is named for Lembitu, an Estonian ruler who resisted the Livonian Crusades.

Vickers-Armstrongs
Vickers-Armstrongs Limited was a British engineering conglomerate formed by the merger of the assets of Vickers Limited and Sir W G Armstrong Whitworth & Company in 1927. The majority of the company was nationalised in the 1960s and 1970s, with the remainder being divested as Vickers plc in 1977.

It featured among Britain's most prominent armaments firms.
Cmurek Castle
Cmurek Castle (Slovene: grad Cmurek) is a castle in Trate, Slovenia. It stands on a steep cliff above the bridge over the Mura River at Trate, the international border crossing to the Austrian village of Mureck.

Mur (river)
The Mur (German pronunciation: [ˈmuːɐ̯] ⓘ) or Mura (Slovene: [ˈmúːɾa]; Croatian: [mǔːra]; Hungarian: [ˈmurɒ]; Prekmurje Slovene: Müra or Möra) is a river in Central Europe rising in the Hohe Tauern national park of the Central Eastern Alps in Austria with its source at 1,898 m (6,227 ft) above sea level. It is a tributary of the Drava and subsequently the Danube.

The Mur's total length is around 464 kilometres (288 mi). About 326 km are within the interior of Austria; 95 km flow in and around Slovenia (67 km along the borders with Austria and Croatia, 28 km inside Slovenia), and the rest forms the border between Croatia and Hungary. The largest city on the river is Graz, Austria. Its drainage basin covers an area of 14,109 km2 (5,448 sq mi).

Tributaries of the Mur include the Mürz, the Sulm, the Ščavnica, the Ledava and the Trnava.