hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Daniel Arshack
Daniel "Dan" Arshack (born March 30, 1956) is an American criminal defense attorney, co-founder of The Bronx Defenders, managing partner of the law firm Arshack, Hajek and Lehrman, PLLC, and a founding member of the International Criminal Bar, which was created to promote "the development of an independent legal profession and practice before the International Criminal Court."  Arshack, who has been a defender for his entire career and "has never put anyone behind bars as either a prosecutor or government counsel,"  is known for his expertise on international criminal justice issues, lawyer trainings, and anti-death penalty advocacy. Arshack has conducted training for lawyers in Paris, Beirut, The Hague, Victoria, Montreal, Liberia, and New York. His specialties are trial advocacy techniques, ethics, and international criminal tribunals. He has also been an adjunct professor of trial advocacy at the Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law in New York.

GMHC
The GMHC (formerly Gay Men's Health Crisis) is a New York City–based non-profit, volunteer-supported and community-based AIDS service organization whose mission statement is to "end the AIDS epidemic and uplift the lives of all affected." Founded in 1982, it is often billed as the "world's oldest AIDS service organization", as well as the "nation's oldest HIV/AIDS service organization."
The Education of Blacks in the South, 1860–1935
The Education of Blacks in the South, 1860–1935 is a history of African-American education in the American South from the Reconstruction era to the Great Depression. It was written by James D. Anderson and published by the University of North Carolina Press in 1988. The book won awards including the American Educational Research Association 1990 Outstanding Book Award.

Ronald E. Butchart of State University College of New York, Cortland stated that the book "is the first substantial regional study of black education since Henry Allen Bullock's A History of Negro Education in the South" (1967).

Harold D. Woodman of Purdue University described Anderson's historical approach as "sharply revisionist".

Henry Allen Bullock
Henry Allen Bullock (May 2, 1906 – February 8, 1973) was an American historian and sociologist and the first Black professor to be appointed to the faculty of arts and sciences at the University of Texas at Austin.
Jon Mills (psychologist)
Jon Mills is a Canadian philosopher, psychoanalyst, and clinical psychologist. His principle theoretical contributions have been in the philosophy of the unconscious, a critique of psychoanalysis, philosophical psychology, value inquiry, and the philosophy of culture. His clinical contributions are in the areas of attachment pathology, trauma, psychosis, and psychic structure.

Philosophy of psychology
Philosophy of psychology is concerned with the history and foundations of psychology. It deals with both epistemological and ontological issues and shares interests with other fields, including philosophy of mind and theoretical psychology. Philosophical and theoretical psychology are intimately tied and are therefore sometimes used interchangeably or used together. However, philosophy of psychology relies more on debates general to philosophy and on philosophical methods, whereas theoretical psychology draws on multiple areas.
Alwyne
Alwyne is an English given name. Notable people with this name include:

Alwyne Compton (disambiguation)
Lord Alwyne Compton (bishop)
Lord Alwyne Compton (politician)

Alwyne Wilks

Alwyne Statham

John Alwyne Kitching

Alwyne Jan "AJ" Perez

Gilbert Byng Alwyne Russell

Alwyne Michael Webster Whistler

Alwyne Michael Webster Whistler
Major-General Alwyne Michael Webster Whistler, CB, CBE (30 December 1909 – 30 September 1993) was a British Army officer who served chiefly with the Royal Corps of Signals (abbreviated R Signals), spending many years in India and Germany.

During the Second World War Whistler saw active service against the Japanese in Burma. He ended his career as Assistant Chief of the Defence Staff (Signals) and was also Colonel Commandant of the R Signals.
Popplepsalta rubristrigata
Popplepsalta rubristrigata is a species of cicada, also known as the red scratcher, in the true cicada family, Cicadettinae subfamily and Cicadettini tribe. The species is endemic to Australia. It was described in 1904 by entomologists Frederic Webster Goding and Walter Wilson Froggatt.

Cicadidae
Cicadidae, the true cicadas, is one of two families of cicadas, with about 3,400 species in over 520 genera worldwide; it contains most living cicada species, except for the two belonging to its sister taxon, the Tettigarctidae.  The classification of this family, of often very similar insects, has undergone many revisions, continuing into the 21st century; for example, many species previously assigned to the type genus Cicada, are now placed in different tribes.
Lisa Pennington
Lisa Pennington (born 20 February 1963) is a British former professional tennis player.

Pennington, who was raised in Lutterworth, took up a scholarship to Mississippi State University and as a freshman in 1982 was selected to participate in the NCAA singles championships.

Following her stint in collegiate tennis she competed on the professional tour and reached a career high singles ranking of 229 in the world. She made the second round of the 1986 Brazilian Open and 1987 Argentine Open.

Lutterworth
Lutterworth is an historic market town and civil parish in the Harborough district of Leicestershire, England. The town is located in southern Leicestershire, close to the borders with Warwickshire and Northamptonshire. It is located 6.5 miles (10.5 kilometres) north of Rugby and 12 miles (19 kilometres) south of Leicester. At the 2021 UK census, Lutterworth had a population of 10,833.
Nikolay Kurganskiy
Nikolay Alekseevich Kurganskiy (born 19 March 1961 in Ekibastuz) is a former Kazakh professional football player. He played for FC Ekibastuzets in the Soviet Second League and Kazakhstan Premier League, appearing in over 400 league matches, scoring more than 150 goals.

Kurganskiy made seven appearances for the Kazakhstan national football team, scoring twice.

Ekıbastūz
Ekıbastūz (Kazakh: Екібастұз [jeˌkɘb̥ɑsˈtʊs]; Russian: Экибастуз, romanized: Ekibastuz) is a city in Pavlodar Region, northeastern Kazakhstan. It is the administrative center of the Ekibastuz City Administration. The population was 125,012 (2009 census results); 127,197 (1999 census results). Ekıbastūz is served by Ekıbastūz Airport.
First Colony
First Colony is a 9,700-acre (39 km2) master-planned community in Fort Bend County, Texas. The community, with approximately 50,000 residents, encompasses over 9,500 residential houses in 98 neighborhoods located across southern parts of Sugar Land with a few neighborhoods spanning into Missouri City.

Planned community
A planned community, planned city, planned town, or planned settlement is any community that was carefully planned from its inception and is typically constructed on previously undeveloped land. This contrasts with settlements that evolve organically.

The term new town refers to planned communities of the new towns movement in particular, mainly in the United Kingdom. It was also common in the European colonization of the Americas to build according to a plan either on fresh ground or on the ruins of earlier Native American villages.

A model city is a type of planned city designed to a high standard and intended as a model for others to imitate. The term was first used in 1854.
Fraser (surname)
Fraser is a Scottish surname, connected to the Clans Fraser and Fraser of Lovat. It is most commonly found in the United Kingdom, Canada, the United States, Australia, and New Zealand.

Notable people with the surname include:

Clan Fraser of Lovat
Clan Fraser of Lovat (Scottish Gaelic: Friseal [ˈkʰl̪ˠãũn̪ˠ ˈfɾʲiʃəl̪ˠ]) is a Highland Scottish clan and the principal branch of Clan Fraser. The Frasers of Lovat are strongly associated with Inverness and the surrounding area since the Clan's founder gained lands there in the 13th century.

The Clan Fraser of Lovat in Inverness-shire has historically dominated local politics and been active in every major military conflict involving Scotland. It has also played a considerable role in most major political turmoils. "Fraser" remains the most prominent family name within the Inverness area. The Clan's current chief is Simon Fraser, the 16th Lord Lovat, and 25th Chief of Clan Fraser.
Cackle-bladder
A cackle-bladder or cackle bladder is a rubber bladder filled with fake blood, used to fake a person's death. Its name is derived from the fact that traditionally chicken blood was used.

Cackle-bladders are used particularly in confidence tricks and espionage. As part of a con, a cackle-bladder can be used to fool the mark (victim) into believing that one of the con artists has been killed in order to avoid them seeking retribution. In espionage, a cackle-bladder can be used as a basis for blackmail. This method has been popularised through the BBC television series Hustle. It was a device used in the climax of the 1973 film The Sting.

Hustle (TV series)
Hustle is a British crime drama television series starring Adrian Lester, Robert Glenister and Robert Vaughn. Created by Tony Jordan, it was produced by Kudos Film and Television, and broadcast on BBC One in the United Kingdom. The show premiered on 24 February 2004, and ran for eight series, with its final episode aired on 17 February 2012. The show's premise was on a group of con artists who specialise in "long cons" – extended forms of deceptive frauds that require greater commitment, but offer higher rewards than simple confidence tricks. The show's most notable qualities are plots that involve behind-the-scenes action that the viewers are unaware of until near the end of an episode, along with fantasy scenes and occasional breaches of the fourth wall by the main actors.

The show achieved consistently high viewing figures throughout its eight-year run and was received favourably by critics.
2007 West Lothian Council election
Elections to West Lothian Council were held on 3 May 2007, the same day as the other Scottish local government elections and the Scottish Parliament general election. The election was the first to use nine new wards created as a result of the Local Governance (Scotland) Act 2004, each ward elects three or four councillors using the single transferable vote system form of proportional representation. The new wards replace 32 single-member wards which used the plurality (first past the post) system of election.

Local Governance (Scotland) Act 2004
The Local Governance (Scotland) Act 2004 (asp 9) is an act of the Scottish Parliament which made certain reforms to local government including the introduction of the single transferable vote electoral system.
All Japan Senior Football Championship
The All Japan Senior Football Championship (Japanese: 全国社会人サッカー選手権大会, Hepburn: Zenkoku Shakaijin Sakkā Senshuken Taikai) , officially called the All Japan Adults Football Tournament, is a football (soccer) cup competition in Japan. It is run by the Japan Football Association. As it only involves non-league teams (teams not affiliated to either J.League or the Japan Football League), it can be considered an equivalent of the FA Trophy or FA Vase in England.

Japan Football Association
The Japan Football Association (JFA, Japanese: 日本サッカー協会, romanized: Nihon Sakkā Kyōkai) is the governing body responsible for the administration of football, futsal, beach soccer and efootball in Japan. It is responsible for the national team, as well as club competitions.
Robert Stewart (Alabama politician)
Robert Stewart (born February 4, 1990) is an American politician and accountant serving the 23rd district in the Alabama Senate, which includes Butler County, Clarke County, Conecuh County, Dallas County, Lowndes County, Monroe County, Perry County, and Wilcox County.

Butler County, Alabama
Butler County is a county located in the south central portion of the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2020 census, the population was 19,051. Its county seat is Greenville. Its name is in honor of Captain William Butler, who was born in Virginia and fought in the Creek War, and who was killed in May 1818.
The Airborne Toxic Event
The Airborne Toxic Event is an American rock band from Los Angeles, California, formed in 2006. It consists of Mikel Jollett (vocals, guitar, keyboards), Steven Chen (guitar, keyboards), Adrian Rodriguez (electric bass, backing vocals), Daren Taylor (drums), and Miriam "Mimi" Peschet (backing vocals, violin). Anna Bulbrook (vocals, violin) and Noah Harmon (electric bass) were formerly members of the band.

Named after a section in Don DeLillo's novel White Noise, the group is known for its blend of rock music and orchestral arrangements, having performed frequently with the Calder Quartet, a string quartet based in Los Angeles. The group has also played concerts with the Louisville Orchestra and the Colorado Symphony Orchestra.

Louisville Orchestra
The Louisville Orchestra is the primary orchestra in Louisville, Kentucky. It was founded in 1937 by Robert Whitney (1904–1986). The Louisville Orchestra employs salaried musicians, and offers a wide variety of concert series to the community, including classical programs featuring international guest artists, pops performances, and education and family concerts. In 1942 the orchestra adopted the name of the former Louisville Philharmonic Society (founded in 1866), which it kept until 1977 before reverting to its original name. The orchestra is the resident performing group for the Louisville Ballet and the Kentucky Opera, and presents several concerts across the Kentucky/Indiana area.

The orchestra performs its concerts at Whitney Hall (named for its founder) in the Kentucky Center for the Arts and The Brown Theatre. The current music director of the Louisville Orchestra is Teddy Abrams, who began his tenure in 2014.
World Senior Championship
The World Senior Championship was a golf match held between the winners of the American PGA Seniors' Championship (now Senior PGA Championship) and the British PGA Seniors Championship. It was held from 1954 to 1978. It was a 36-hole match-play event held on a single day with the exception of the first year when it was held over two days. The British PGA Seniors Championship did not start until 1957. In 1954 and 1955 the British competitor was nominated by the British Association of Golf Writers while in 1956 four leading senior golfers played to decide the British entry.

The event was initially sponsored by Teacher's (whisky) and the players competed for the Teacher International Trophy.

From 1954 to 1968 the event was held England or Scotland. From 1969 to 1971 it was played at Bide-A-Wee Golf Course in Portsmouth, Virginia and from 1972 it alternated between Scotland and Bide-A-Wee.

Portsmouth, Virginia
Portsmouth is an independent city in southeastern Virginia, United States. It lies across the Elizabeth River from Norfolk. As of the 2020 census, the population was 97,915. It is the ninth-most populous city in Virginia and is part of the Hampton Roads metropolitan area. Due to its strategic location, the city has long been associated with the United States Armed Forces, particularly the Navy. The Norfolk Naval Shipyard is a historic and active Navy facility located in Portsmouth.
Aurora Fochesato
Aurora Fochesato (born 1 January 2006) is an Italian female professional darts player who plays in World Darts Federation (WDF) events.  She was the first gold medalist from Italy in the World Darts Federation Europe Cup, and also an EDF European Champion, and was the first Italian to win the WDF Youth Girls World Darts Championship in 2023.

EDF European Darts Championship
The EDF European Darts Championship is an electronic soft-tip darts tournament held generally at Terme Olimia in Podčetrtek, Slovenia. Once time is held in Santa Susanna, Catalonia. First edition of this tournament took place in 2012. Championship tournaments are organized together with many other open-level tournaments in one week. Players with a PDC Tour Card can also take part in these tournaments.

The most successful player at this tournament is Boris Krčmar from Croatia.
Parmotrema lichexanthonicum
Parmotrema lichexanthonicum is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Found in Brazil, it was formally described as a new species in 1997 by Sionara Eliasaro and Mónica Adler. The type specimen was collected by the first author from the Serra do Cipó (Santana do Riacho, Minas Gerais); here the lichen was found growing on a rock. The specific epithet lichexanthonicum refers to the presence of the secondary compound lichexanthone in the medulla of the lichen. Other compounds in the lichen are the depsidone salazinic acid (found in the medulla), and the depside atranorin (found in the cortex). A close relative to this species is Parmotrema ultralucens, which contains the same cortical and medullary metabolites.

Medulla (lichenology)
The medulla is a horizontal layer within a lichen thallus.  It is a loosely arranged layer of interlaced hyphae below the upper cortex and photobiont zone, but above the lower cortex. The medulla generally has a cottony appearance.  It is the widest layer of a heteromerous lichen thallus.
Arborland Center
Arborland Center is a shopping center located in Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States. Opened in 1961 as an unenclosed shopping mall, the center was redeveloped as a power center in 1998. Current anchor stores include Marshalls, Petco, Kroger, Ulta, Old Navy, Gardner-White Furniture (that used to be a Toys "R" Us), and Bed Bath & Beyond.

Bed Bath & Beyond
Bed Bath & Beyond was an American big-box retail chain specializing in housewares, furniture, and specialty items. Headquartered in Union, New Jersey, the chain operated stores in the United States and Canada, and was once counted among the Fortune 500 and the Forbes Global 2000. The chain filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in April 2023 and liquidated all of its remaining stores, with the last closing on July 30, 2023. Following the retail chain's liquidation, its name was adopted by online retailer Overstock.com, which acquired Bed Bath and Beyond's trademarks in a bankruptcy auction. The name is also still used by the chain's former Mexican division, which is now independent.
Loa (comics)
Loa (Alani Ryan) is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by Michael Ryan, Nunzio DeFilippis, and Christina Weir, Loa debuted in The New Mutants vol. 2 #11 (June, 2004). Loa belongs to the human subspecies known as mutants, who are born with superhuman abilities. She possesses the ability to phase through objects, breaking down their molecular bonds in the process and causing the target to disintegrate.

Loa is a Hawaiian mutant who was a student at the Xavier Institute in the Alpha Squadron, retaining her powers after M-Day. She went on to join the Avengers Academy and assisted the Defenders.

The New Mutants (comic book)
The New Mutants is a comic book series which debuted in 1983, featuring the team the New Mutants and published by Marvel Comics.

The team first appeared in the graphic novel The New Mutants (November 1982) by Chris Claremont and artist Bob McLeod, part of the Marvel Graphic Novel line, followed by their first ongoing series which ran from 1983 until 1991. Like the X-Men parent title, also written by Claremont, The New Mutants featured an ensemble cast, with stories often focused on interpersonal relationships and coming-of-age arcs, blending teen drama with action and adventure. The series was taken over by writer Louise Simonson, ultimately taking a more action-oriented focus under artist Rob Liefeld, who relaunched the characters as X-Force following the series' end.

Since their inception, several New Mutants series have been published, either focusing on the continuing adventures of the original lineup, new groups of young mutants, or some combination of both.
Apseudes (mythology)
In Greek mythology, Apseudes (Ancient Greek: Ἀψευδής means 'truthful' or 'the shiner') was one of the 50 Nereids, sea-nymph daughters of the 'Old Man of the Sea' Nereus and the Oceanid Doris. Her name means 'she who never lies', which like her sister Nemertes, inherited their father's quality of a god who tells the truth.

Nereus
In Greek mythology, Nereus (/ˈnɪəriəs/ NEER-ee-əs; Ancient Greek: Νηρεύς, romanized: Nēreús) was the eldest son of Pontus (the Sea) and Gaia (the Earth), with Pontus himself being a son of Gaia. Nereus and Doris became the parents of 50 daughters (the Nereids) and a son (Nerites), with whom Nereus lived in the Aegean Sea.
Cook Islands–New Zealand relations
Cook Islands–New Zealand relations are the bilateral relations between the Cook Islands and New Zealand. Since 1965, the Cook Islands has been a self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand.

Parliament of the Cook Islands
The Parliament of the Cook Islands (Cook Islands Māori: Te Marae Akarau Vānanga o te Kuki Airani) is the legislature of the Cook Islands.  Originally established under New Zealand administration, it became the national legislature upon independence in 1965.

The Parliament consists of 24 members directly elected by universal suffrage from single-seat constituencies.  Members are elected for a limited term, and hold office until Parliament is dissolved (a maximum of four years). It meets in Avarua, the capital of the Cook Islands, on Rarotonga.

The Cook Islands follows the Westminster system of government, and is governed by a cabinet and Prime Minister commanding a majority in Parliament.

The Speaker of the House is currently Tai Tura. The Deputy Speaker is Tuakeu Tangatapoto.
Shpola urban hromada
Shpola urban territorial hromada (Ukrainian: Шполянська міська територіальна громада, romanized: Shpolianska miska terytorialna hromada) is one of the hromadas of Ukraine, in Zvenyhorodka Raion within Cherkasy Oblast. Its administrative centre is the city of Shpola.

Cherkasy Oblast
Cherkasy Oblast (Ukrainian: Черкаська область, romanized: Cherkaska oblast, IPA: [tʃerˈkɑsʲkɐ ˈɔblɐsʲtʲ]), also referred to as Cherkashchyna (Ukrainian: Черкащина, IPA: [tʃerˈkɑʃtʃɪnɐ]) is an oblast (province) in central Ukraine located along the Dnieper River. The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Cherkasy. The current population of the oblast is 1,160,744 (2022 estimate).
A History of the Book in America
A History of the Book in America is a five-volume series of scholarly books of essays published 2000–2010 by the University of North Carolina Press, and edited by David D. Hall. Topics include printing, publishing, book selling, reading, and other aspects of print culture in colonial America and the United States. Among the contributing writers: Hugh Amory, Georgia B. Barnhill, Paul S. Boyer, Richard D. Brown, Scott E. Casper, Charles E. Clark, James P. Danky, Ann Fabian, James N. Green, Robert A. Gross, Jeffrey D. Groves, David D. Hall, Mary Kelley, E. Jennifer Monaghan, Janice Radway, James Raven, Elizabeth Carroll Reilly, Joan Shelley Rubin, Michael Schudson, David S. Shields, Wayne A. Wiegand, Michael Winship.

Michael Schudson
Michael S. Schudson (born November 3, 1946) is professor of journalism in the graduate school of journalism of Columbia University and adjunct professor in the department of sociology. He is professor emeritus at the University of California, San Diego. He is an expert in the fields such as journalism history, media sociology, political communication, and public culture.