hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Matt Doust
Matthew Doust (20 August 1984 – 28 August 2013) was an American-born Australian hyperrealist painter. He was a finalist of the 2011 Archibald Prize, for his portrait of Australian model and actress Gemma Ward. Other notable works include the cover of the Deap Vally album Sistrionix (2013). Doust is the subject of the Mat de Koning documentary film 29 Years Eight Days.

Doust was born in Santa Monica, California, in 1984. He grew up in Perth, Western Australia.

Doust died from an epileptic seizure on 28 August 2013, aged 29, in Los Angeles, California, where he had lived since July 2011.

Gemma Ward
Gemma Louise Ward (born 3 November 1987) is an Australian model and actress. Born in Perth, Western Australia, Ward was first scouted at the age of 14, and made her Australian Fashion Week debut aged 15. She later became one of the youngest models to appear on the cover of the American edition of Vogue, subsequently appearing on the covers of both Teen Vogue and Time. Vogue Paris would later declare her as one of the top 30 models of the 2000s. Ward is widely considered to be a supermodel.

Ward's first major acting appearance was in the 2008 Australian film The Black Balloon, and she has since also appeared in the films The Strangers (2008) and Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides (2011).
Saccharin
Saccharin, also called saccharine, benzosulfimide, or E954, or used in saccharin sodium or saccharin calcium forms, is a non-nutritive artificial sweetener. Saccharin is a sultam that is about 500 times sweeter than sucrose, but has a bitter or metallic aftertaste, especially at high concentrations. It is used to sweeten products, such as drinks, candies, baked goods, tobacco products, excipients, and for masking the bitter taste of some medicines. It appears as white crystals and is odorless.

Excipient
An excipient or inactive ingredient is a substance formulated alongside the active ingredient of a medication. They enhance the active ingredient's therapeutic properties; to facilitate drug absorption, to modify viscosity, to enhance solubility, to improve long-term stabilization (preventing denaturation and aggregation during the expected shelf life). During the manufacturing process, excipients can improve the handling of active substances and facilitate powder flow. The choice of excipients depends on factors such as the intended route of administration, the dosage form, and compatibility with the active ingredient.

Virtually all marketed drugs contain excipients, and final drug formulations commonly contain more excipient than active ingredient.  Pharmaceutical regulations and standards mandate the identification and safety assessment of all ingredients in drugs, including their chemical decomposition products.
Mystery Mansion (board game)
Mystery Mansion is the name of a series of board games in which players search furniture and other objects inside a mansion to locate a hidden treasure or stash of money.

The first version of the game was released by the Milton Bradley Company in 1984, the same year when Hasbro took over that company. Instead of a standard game board, the original Mystery Mansion features a modular board where players build the mansion by adding new rooms drawn at random.

Hasbro then released an electronic talking version under its Parker Brothers brand in the 1990s. In this version, game play is guided by a computerized talking "electronic organizer", providing clues and other information to players during each game. Also, the modular board design was scrapped in favor of a fixed board, loosely similar to the one for Cluedo. However, the content in each varied from each game.

Milton Bradley Company
Milton Bradley Company, simply known as Milton Bradley (MB), was an American board game manufacturer that was established by Milton Bradley (1836–1911) in Springfield, Massachusetts in 1860. In 1920, it absorbed the game production of McLoughlin Brothers, formerly the largest game manufacturer in the United States. It was acquired by Hasbro in 1984 and merged, with Hasbro subsidiary Parker Brothers in 1998. The brand name continued to be used by Hasbro until 2009.
C. W. Smith (writer)
C. W. Smith (born 1940) is a novelist, short-story and essay writer who was also a reporter and film critic earlier in his career. From 1980 to 2012 he was a professor in the Department of English at Southern Methodist University, serving as the Dedman Family Distinguished Professor in 2006. His major honors include a Dobie Paisano Fellowship from the University of Texas, a number of awards and recognitions from the Texas Institute of Letters (TIL), including Jesse Jones Awards for best novel by a Texan or about Texas on two separate occasions, the Kay Cattarulla Award for Best Short Story, and a Lon Tinkle Fellow for "sustained excellence in a career," an award that has previously recognized such writers as Naomi Shihab Nye, Sandra Cisneros, Donald Barthelme, Larry McMurtry, and many other prominent Texas writers. Smith has also been the recipient of two Creative Writing fellowships from the National Endowment for the Arts.

Naomi Shihab Nye
Naomi Shihab Nye (Arabic: نعومي شهاب ناي; born March 12, 1952) is a Palestinian American poet, editor, songwriter, and novelist. Born to a Palestinian father and an American mother, she began composing her first poetry at the age of six. In total, she has published more than thirty-five books and contributed to hundreds of others. Her works include poetry, young-adult fiction, picture books, and novels. Nye has received numerous awards throughout her career, including the 2013 NSK Neustadt Prize for Children's Literature, served as the Poetry Foundation's Young People's Poet Laureate for the 2019–22 terms, and, in 2024, she received the Wallace Stevens Award and the Texas Writers Award.
ITASE
The International Trans-Antarctic Scientific Expedition (ITASE) was created in 1990 with the purpose of studying climate change through research conducted in Antarctica.  Antarctica was chosen as the optimal site to study the atmosphere because of its remote location and relatively undisturbed environment.  Research in many fields has been conducted in Antarctica through ITASE, including astronomy, atmospheric sciences, biology, earth sciences, environmental science, geology, glaciology, marine biology, oceanography, and geophysics.

Glaciology
Glaciology (from Latin  glacies 'frost, ice' and Ancient Greek  λόγος (logos) 'subject matter'; lit. 'study of ice') is the scientific study of glaciers, or, more generally, ice and natural phenomena that involve ice.

Glaciology is an interdisciplinary Earth science that integrates geophysics, geology, physical geography, geomorphology, climatology, meteorology, hydrology, biology, and ecology. The impact of glaciers on people includes the fields of human geography and anthropology. The discoveries of water ice on the Moon, Mars, Europa and Pluto add an extraterrestrial component to the field, which is referred to as "astroglaciology".
Anatoliy Kokush
Anatoliy Kokush (Ukrainian: Анатолій Акимович Кокуш; born 1951, Kerch, RSFSR) is a Ukrainian Krymchak film engineer, businessman, and inventor. In the 1990s, he developed a gyro-stabilized car-mounted camera crane known as a U-Crane.

In 2005, he was awarded two Academy Awards. The awards were in the Scientific and Engineering Award category: one was awarded "for the concept and development of the Russian Arm gyro-stabilized camera crane and the Flight Head"; the other was awarded "for the concept and development of the Cascade series of motion picture cranes". Kokush has also been recognized by Ukraine's then First Lady Kateryna Yushchenko for his contributions to Ukrainian cinema and around the world.

Kokush graduated from the Leningrad Institute of Film Engineers in 1974. He then started working for Dovzhenko Film Studios in Kyiv.

Dovzhenko Film Studios
The Dovzhenko Film Studios (Ukrainian: Національна кіностудія художніх фільмів імені О. Довженка, romanized: Natsionalna kinostudiia khudozhnikh filmiv imeni O. Dovzhenka) is a Ukrainian and former Soviet film production studio in UkrSSR and later Ukraine that was named after the Soviet film producer, Oleksandr Dovzhenko, in 1957. With the fall of the Soviet Union, the studio became a property of the government of Ukraine. In 2000, the film studio was awarded national status. It is one of the oldest and largest film studios in Ukraine.
Vietnam at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Vietnam was represented at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia by the Vietnam Olympic Committee.

In total, seven athletes including three men and four women represented Vietnam in four different sports including athletics, shooting, swimming and taekwondo.

Vietnam won one medal at the games after Trần Hiếu Ngân claimed silver in the taekwondo women's –57 kg category – the first ever medal won by a Vietnamese athlete.

Vietnam Olympic Committee
The Vietnam Olympic Committee (VOC; Vietnamese: Ủy ban Olympic Việt Nam, IOC code: VIE) or fully the Olympic Committee of the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam (Ủy ban Olympic nước Cộng hòa xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam) is the National Olympic Committee representing Vietnam.

The insignia and logo of the VOC is a stylized national flag of Vietnam placed above the Olympic rings. It has been serving as the official symbol of the Vietnamese Olympic movement since 1979, when the VOC was officially recognized by  IOC under the name of the reunified Vietnamese nation.
Joplin (software)
Joplin is a free and open-source desktop and mobile note-taking and to-do list application written for Unix-like (including macOS and Linux) and Microsoft Windows operating systems, as well as iOS, Android, and Linux/Windows terminals, written in JavaScript. The desktop app is made using Electron, while the mobile app uses React Native.

The server part of the app is provided under the noncommercial Joplin Server Personal Use License.

Time management
Time management is the process of planning and exercising conscious control of time spent on specific activities—especially to increase effectiveness, efficiency and productivity.

Time management involves demands relating to work, social life, family, hobbies, personal interests and commitments. Using time effectively gives people more choices in managing activities. Time management may be aided by a range of skills, tools and techniques, especially when accomplishing specific tasks, projects and goals complying with a due date.
Tegeda
Tegede (Amharic: ጠገዴ) is one of the woredas in the Amhara Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Semien Gondar Zone, Tegeda is bordered on the south by Tach Armachiho, on the west by Mirab Armachiho, on the north by the Tigray Region, on the northeast by Debarq, and on the east by Dabat. Towns in Tegeda include Kirakir. Tegeda was part of former Sanja woreda.

Districts of Ethiopia
Districts of Ethiopia, also called woredas (Amharic: ወረዳ; Oromo: woreda), are the third level of the administrative divisions of Ethiopia – after zones and the regional states.

These districts are further subdivided into a number of wards called kebele neighbourhood associations, which are the smallest unit of local government in Ethiopia.
Beryozovsky Urban Okrug
Beryozovsky Urban Okrug is the name of several municipal formations in Russia. The following administrative divisions are incorporated as such:

Town of Oblast Significance of Beryozovsky, Kemerovo Oblast

Town of Beryozovsky, Sverdlovsk Oblast

Sverdlovsk Oblast
Sverdlovsk Oblast (Russian: Свердловская область, romanized: Sverdlovskaya oblast, [ʹsvʲɪrdˈlofskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]) is a federal subject (an oblast) of Russia located in the Ural Federal District. Its administrative center is the city of Yekaterinburg, formerly known as "Sverdlovsk". Its population is 4,268,998 (according to the 2021 Census).
Fontanilles
Fontanilles (Catalan pronunciation: [funtəˈniʎəs]) is a village in the province of Girona and autonomous community of Catalonia, Spain. The municipality covers an area of 9.29 square kilometres (3.59 sq mi) and the population in 2014 was 160.

The GR 92 long-distance footpath, which roughly follows the length of the Mediterranean coast of Spain, passes through the village. Fontanilles lies on an inland stage of the path, between Torroella de Montgrí and Begur. To the north, towards Torroella, the path passes through Gualta, and to the south, it passes through Palau-sator.

Province of Girona
The Province of Girona (Catalan: província de Girona [pɾuˈvinsiə ðə ʒiˈɾonə]; Spanish: provincia de Gerona [pɾoˈβinθja ðe xeˈɾona]) is a province in the northeastern part of the autonomous community of Catalonia, Spain. It is bordered on the northwest by the province of Lleida, on the southwest by the province of Barcelona, on the north by France (Pyrénées-Orientales), and on the east by the Mediterranean Sea.

The population of the province in 2016 was 739,607. Its capital and largest city is Girona, with an urban area (including the neighbouring municipalities of Salt, Sarrià de Ter and Vilablareix) representing, with a total population of 144,709, 19.2% of the population. The Girona area acts as an industrial, commercial and service hub for a significant part of the province.
Man Beast (film)
Man Beast is a 1956 American horror film directed and produced by Jerry Warren. It was Warren's first directorial effort and the first film distributed by his Associated Producers, Inc. The film is about a young woman who persuades some mountain climbers to trek up to the Himalayas to attempt to find her missing brother, who hasn't been heard from since he went there on an earlier expedition to find the Abominable Snowman. A mysterious guide befriends them, but winds up actually in league with the Yetis who inhabit the mountains, and he secretly works against the explorers behind their backs, killing them off one by one.

Film historian Bill Warren said a lot of the mountain climbing footage was taken from an unfinished foreign film, "probably of Mexican origin". The film was shown as early as April 1956, and opened in Los Angeles on December 5, 1956. The film was distributed in the United States as a double feature with Prehistoric Women.

Double feature
The double feature is a motion picture industry practice in which movie theaters would exhibit two films for the price of one, supplanting an earlier format in which the presentation of one feature film would be followed by various short subject reels.
Erikbağı, Adilcevaz
Erikbağı (Kurdish: Koçerî) is a village in the Adilcevaz District of Bitlis Province in Turkey.  The village is populated by Kurds and had a population of 226 in 2022.

It formerly had an Armenian population.

Bitlis Province
Bitlis Province (Turkish: Bitlis ili; Armenian: Բաղեշի մարզ, romanized: Bagheshi marz; Kurdish: Parêzgeha Bidlîsê) is a province of eastern Turkey, located to the west of Lake Van. It takes its name from the central city, Bitlis. Its area is 8,294 km2, and its population is 353,988 (2022). The province was part of Moxoene of the Kingdom of Armenia. Before the Armenian genocide, the area was part of the Six Armenian Vilayets and considered part of Western Armenia by Armenians. The province is considered part of Turkish Kurdistan and has a Kurdish majority. The current Governor of the province is Erol Karaömeroğlu.
Udea alpinalis
Udea alpinalis is a moth of the family Crambidae. The species was first described by Michael Denis and Ignaz Schiffermüller in 1775. It is an alpine species found in Europe.

The wingspan is 15–17 mm. The moth flies from June to August depending on the location.

It exhibits sexual dimorphism, where females have shorter, more acute forewings and the dorsal side of the hindwings are darker than that of males. The larvae feed on Senecio species (ragworts and groundsels).

Ignaz Schiffermüller
Jeremias "Johann" Ignaz Schiffermüller (Austrian German: [jereˈmiːas ˈiːɡnats ˈʃɪfɐˌmʏlɐ]; 2 November 1727 – 21 June 1806) was an Austrian naturalist and Jesuit teacher who took a special interest in the Lepidoptera. In order to describe the colours of butterflies, he also looked for a systematic approach to describing colours in nature and to standardize their names.
Bare, Mitrovica
Bare (Albanian definite form: Barja, Serbian: Баре/Bare) is a village in the municipality of Mitrovica in the District of Mitrovica, Kosovo. According to the 2024 census, it had 298 inhabitants, all of whom were Albanian. It is part of the region Shala e Bajgorës.

District of Mitrovica
Mitrovica District (Albanian: Rajoni i Mitrovicës; Serbian Cyrillic: Косовскомитровачки округ) is one of the seven districts of Kosovo. Its administrative center and largest city is Mitrovica. The district borders on the District of Peja to the south-west, the District of Pristina to the south and east, and Serbia to the north and northwest.
Train track (mathematics)
In the mathematical area of topology, a train track is a family of curves embedded on a surface, meeting the following conditions:

The curves meet at a finite set of vertices called switches.

Away from the switches, the curves are smooth and do not touch each other.

At each switch, three curves meet with the same tangent line, with two curves entering from one direction and one from the other.

The main application of train tracks in mathematics is to study laminations of surfaces, that is, partitions of closed subsets of surfaces into unions of smooth curves. Train tracks have also been used in graph drawing.

Finite set
In mathematics, a finite set is a collection of finitely many different things; the things are called elements or members of the set and are typically mathematical objects, such as numbers, symbols, points in space, lines, other geometric shapes, variables, or other sets.

Informally, a finite set is a set which one could in principle count and finish counting.  For example,

is a finite set with five elements. The number of elements of a finite set is a natural number (possibly zero) and is called the cardinality (or the cardinal number) of the set. A set that is not a finite set is called an infinite set. For example, the set 

of all positive integers is infinite.

Finite sets are particularly important in combinatorics, the mathematical study of counting. Many arguments involving finite sets rely on the pigeonhole principle, which states that there cannot exist an injective function from a larger finite set to a smaller finite set.
Wadebridge and Padstow Rural District
50°30′54″N 4°53′56″W﻿ / ﻿50.515°N 4.899°W﻿ / 50.515; -4.899
Wadebridge and Padstow Rural District was a local government division of Cornwall in England, UK, between 1968 and 1974. The rural district was created in 1968 through the abolition of Padstow Urban District and Wadebridge Rural District.

In 1974 the district was abolished under the Local Government Act 1972, forming part of the new North Cornwall district.

Rural district
A rural district was a type of local government area – now superseded – established at the end of the 19th century in England, Wales, and Ireland for the administration of predominantly rural areas at a level lower than that of the administrative counties.
Devayat Bodar
Devayat Bodar (c. 900 AD - 1025 AD) was a chieftain of Gujarat. He was an important figure known for his bravery, sacrifice and love for land, with whose help Ra' Navghan, Chudasama ruler (son of Ra' Dias) got the throne of Sorath (currently nearby area of Vansthali-Junagadh) back from Patan ruler Durlabhraj Solanki and Later became king of Saurashtra region.

Devayat Bodar who was loyal to the Ra' kings brought Navghan as his own child. The Solanki king sent his army to find the Kunwar, intending to kill the only son of Ra' Diyas and end his dynasty. The sipahis searched and reached Devayat's village Alidar-bolidar. Where the couple saved Ra' Navaghan by sacrificing their own son Vasana (Uga).

Navaghana (king)
Navaghana was an early Chudasama king known only from the ballads and folklore of Saurashtra of Gujarat, India. His capital was at Vamanasthali (now Vanthali) which he later moved to Junagadh during his last years of reign.
Abominations
Abominations is a three-issue Marvel Comics limited series created by Ivan Velez Jr (writer), Angel Medina (penciller) and Brad Vancata (inker). The series ran from December 1996 to February 1997. It was a follow-up tale from the Incredible Hulk storylines "Ghosts of the Past" and "Future Imperfect".

Penciller
A penciller (or penciler) is an artist who works on the creation of comic books, graphic novels, and similar visual art forms, with a focus on the initial pencil illustrations.

In the American comic book industry, the penciller is the first step in rendering the story in visual form, and may require several steps of feedback with the writer. These artists are concerned with layout (positions and vantages on scenes) to showcase steps in the plot.
Richard S. Lambert
Richard Stanton Lambert (25 August 1894 – 27 November 1981) was an English biographer, popular historian and broadcaster. He was also the founding editor of The Listener and an employee of the BBC and CBC. His books mainly concern history and biography but he also wrote about crime, travel, art, radio, film and propaganda. In Ariel and All His Quality he wrote about his time with the BBC in its formative years. Propaganda, published in 1939, was a timely investigation of a subject already made familiar during World War I.

For Franklin of the Arctic: a life of adventure, published by McClelland and Stewart in 1949, Lambert won both the first Governor General's Award for Juvenile Fiction and the third Canadian Library Association Book of the Year for Children Award.

McClelland & Stewart
McClelland & Stewart Limited is a Canadian publishing company. It is owned by Penguin Random House of Canada, a branch of Penguin Random House, the international book publishing division of German media giant Bertelsmann.
Sibrina Collins
Sibrina Collins is an American inorganic chemist, educator, and researcher. She has held many career positions including being an editor, educator, and director of a museum. She regularly advocates for inclusion and diversity in the STEM fields, especially for women and people of color. She is known for using pop culture references to engage students in STEM.

Lawrence Technological University
Lawrence Technological University (Lawrence Tech, LTU) is a private university in Southfield, Michigan. It was founded in 1932 in Highland Park, Michigan, as the Lawrence Institute of Technology (LIT) by Russell E. Lawrence. The university moved to Southfield in 1955 and has since expanded to 107 acres (43 ha). The campus also includes the Frank Lloyd Wright designed Affleck House in Bloomfield Hills. The university offers associate, bachelor's, master's, and doctoral programs through its five colleges.
Halphas
In demonology, Halphas (listed in Skinner & Rankine's edition as Malthas, and in the Crowley/Mathers edition as Halphas, Malthus, or Malphas) is the thirty-eighth demon in the Ars Goetia in the Lesser Key of Solomon (forty-third in Johann Weyer's Pseudomonarchia Daemonum), ranked as an earl.

Most manuscripts describe Halphas as a hoarse-voiced stock dove (though Weyer and Collin de Plancy's Dictionnaire Infernal describe him as a stork), who supplies weapons and ammunition for towers (Weyer and de Plancy have "towns" or "villes" instead), sends men to war, and commands 26 legions of spirits.

According to Skinner & Rankine, Halphas is opposed by the Shemhamphorasch angel Haamiah.

Stock dove
The stock dove (Columba oenas) is a species of bird in the family Columbidae, the doves and pigeons. It is widely distributed in the western Palearctic, north to central Scandinavia and south to northwest Africa. Western and southern populations are resident, while northeastern populations are migratory to avoid the colder winters there. It is the type species of the genus Columba.