hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Laister-Kauffman TG-4
The Laister-Kauffmann TG-4 (designated LK-10 Yankee Doodle 2 by its designer) is a sailplane produced in the United States during the Second World War for training cargo glider pilots. It was a conventional sailplane design with a fuselage of steel tube construction and wooden wings and tail, covered all over with fabric. The pilot and instructor sat in tandem under a long canopy.

Glider (sailplane)
A glider or sailplane is a type of glider aircraft used in the leisure activity and sport of gliding (also called soaring). This unpowered aircraft can use naturally occurring currents of rising air in the atmosphere to gain altitude. Sailplanes are aerodynamically streamlined, so they can fly a significant distance forward for a small decrease in altitude.

In North America, the term 'sailplane' is also used to describe this type of aircraft. In other parts of the English-speaking world, the word 'glider' is more common.
Kirn
Kirn (German pronunciation: [kɪʁn] ⓘ) is a town in the Bad Kreuznach district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is the seat of the Verbandsgemeinde Kirner Land. Kirn is a middle centre serving an area on the Nahe and in the Hunsrück.

Waldgrave
The first Waldgraves  or Wildgraves (Latin: comites silvestres) descended from a division of the House of the Counts of Nahegau in the year 1113.

When the Nahegau (a countship named after the river Nahe) split into two parts in 1113, the counts of the two parts, belonging to the House of Salm, called themselves Wildgraves and Raugraves, respectively. They were named after the geographic properties of their territories: Wildgrave (German: Wildgraf; Latin: comes sylvanus) after Wald ("forest"), and Raugrave (German: Raugraf; Latin: comes hirsutus) after the rough (i.e. mountainous) terrain.
North Lakes, Alaska
North Lakes is a census-designated place (CDP) in Matanuska-Susitna Borough, Alaska, United States. It was first listed as a CDP prior to the 2020 census, after the split of the former CDP of Lakes. It is part of the Anchorage, Alaska Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Anchorage metropolitan area
The Anchorage Metropolitan Statistical Area, as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is an area consisting of the Municipality of Anchorage and the Matanuska-Susitna Borough in the south central region of Alaska.

As of the 2010 census, the metropolitan statistical area (MSA) had a population of 380,821. However, 2016 population estimates increase that number to more than 400,000. This is a census definition only, and many of the settlements considered within the metropolitan area are in fact quite distant from the city center and may be very small and isolated, for example Lake Louise is about 170 miles (270 km) from Anchorage proper and has fewer than 50 year-round residents.
Gore Mountain Garnet
Gore Mountain Garnet, found in the Adirondack Mountains in New York, contains the world's largest garnets. The rock that holds these garnets, garnet amphibolite, is sometimes referred to as 'black ore' or 'dark ore.' This rock formation formed during metamorphism during the Ottawan phase of the Grenvillian orogeny, and extremely high temperatures combined with introduction of fluids is what most likely contributed to the unusual size of the megacrystic garnets.

Megacryst
In geology, a megacryst is a crystal or grain that is considerably larger than the encircling matrix. They are found in igneous and metamorphic rocks. Megacrysts can be further classified based on the nature of their origin, either as:

Phenocrysts, which crystallize in molten rock material (lava or magma) and are hence an earlier crystallization than the matrix in which they are embedded

Porphyroblasts, which develop in solid rock as the result of metamorphism or metasomatism
Southern Pines Golf Club
Southern Pines Golf Course is a golf course in Southern Pines, North Carolina. The course first opened in 1906 and was played out by Donald Ross in 1910. The Southern Pines Elks Club owned the course between 1951 and 2020. Southern Pines was purchased in 2020 and renovated by architect Kyle Franz in 2021 as a 6,900 yard par 70 course.

Donald Ross (golf course architect)
Donald James Ross (November 23, 1872 – April 26, 1948) was a Scottish professional golfer and golf course designer. Ross was born and raised in Scotland but moved to the United States as a young man. Ross designed dozens of courses across North America and is generally regarded as one of the top golf course designers of all time.
2012 Cachantún Cup
The 2012 Cachantún Cup was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the seventh edition of the tournament which was part of the 2012 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Santiago, Chile between 5 and 11 March.

Challenger ATP Cachantún Cup
The Challenger de Santiago, known as Challenger de Santiago Dove Men+Care (formerly known as the Copa USS, Cachantún Open by KIA and the Cachantún Cup), is a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor red clay courts. It is part of the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour. It was held annually in Providencia, Chile, from 2005 to 2009. The tournament was then moved to Vitacura, Santiago Metropolitan Region. The October 2021 editions were played at the Club Palestino in Las Condes.
Nara Desert Wildlife Sanctuary
Nara Desert Wildlife Sanctuary is located in Mirpurkhas District, Sindh, Pakistan.

The Nara desert provides refuge to much wildlife in the Sindh province. The Nara Canal area, a chain of some 200 freshwater, brackish and saline lakes and marshes stretching for about 150 km along either side of the Nara Canal from Sorah in the north to Sanghar in the south, is known to be of great importance for wintering waterfowl and other wildlife.

The largest population of the endangered Mugger crocodile in Pakistan is found here.

Mirpur Khas District
Mirpur Khas District (Sindhi: ضلعو ميرپورخاص, Urdu: ضلع مِيرپورخاص) is one of the districts of Mirpur Khas Division in the province of Sindh, Pakistan. Its capital is Mirpur Khas city. District Mirpur Khas became district by separating from Tharparkar District on 31 October 1990. According to 2023 Pakistani census population of Mirpur Khas district is 1,680,980 (1.68 million).
Political families of South Australia
This is a list of related persons who have held positions in the two South Australian houses of parliament or represented South Australia in Canberra. It includes some notes on people with identical surnames but no clear family connection.

Note: The following abbreviations have been used below: 
MHA = South Australian House of Assembly
MLC = South Australian Legislative Council, including original unicameral parliament (1840–56)
MHR = (Federal) House of Representatives

Indented entries indicate a son or daughter unless otherwise noted.

Premier of South Australia
The Premier of South Australia is the head of government in the Australian state of South Australia. The Government of South Australia follows the Westminster system, with the Parliament of South Australia acting as the legislature. The Premier is appointed by the Governor of South Australia, and by modern convention holds office by virtue of their ability to command the support of a majority of members of the lower house of Parliament, the House of Assembly.

Peter Malinauskas is the current Premier, having served since 21 March 2022. Thomas Playford IV is the longest serving Premier, and the longest serving head of government in Australian history, serving for over 26 years from 1938 until 1965, holding on to power thanks the Playmander.
National Caotun Commercial & Industrial Vocational Senior High School
National Caotun Commercial & Industrial Vocational Senior High School (simplified Chinese: 国立草屯高级商工职业学校; traditional Chinese: 國立草屯高級商工職業學校; CTCIHS), also known as National Tsaotun Commercial & Industrial Vocational Senior High School (sometimes abbreviated TTVS), is located in the town of Caotun, Nantou County, Taiwan, Republic of China.

National Taichung University of Science and Technology
National Taichung University of Science and Technology  (NTCUST; Chinese: 國立臺中科技大學; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Kok-li̍p Tâi-tiong Kho-ki Tāi-ha̍k) is a technical vocational university located in North District, Taichung, Taiwan. In Taiwan it is also known as 台中科大 (pinyin: tái zhōng kē dà; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tâi-tiong Kho-tāi). The university began as two separate universities, National Taichung Institute of Technology (國立台中技術學院; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Kok-li̍p Tâi-tiong Ki-su̍t Ha̍k-īⁿ) and National Taichung Nursing College (國立台中護理專科學校).  The two schools merged on December 1, 2011 to form National Taichung University of Science and Technology.  The San-min campus is located on Sanmin Rd. near Yizhong Street shopping area, while the Min-sheng campus, where the College of Health is located, is down the same road near Taichung Hospital. The academic division of the university is composed of five colleges and one committee.
Bob Hay (general)
Major General Robert Arthur Hay, CB, MBE (9 April 1920 – 28 January 1998) was an Australian Army general. He also played Australian rules football and made two appearances in 1942 for Richmond in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

Both of Hay's VFL games were finals. He made his debut in Richmond's semi-final win over Essendon at Princes Park and also played in the 1942 VFL Grand Final two weeks later against the same opponent, as a half forward flanker. Richmond lost the grand final by 53 points and Hay never played again for the club.

Hay went on to have a distinguished career in the Australian Army, serving as Commander of Australian Military Forces in Vietnam from 1969 to 1970. He was Commandant of the Royal Military College in Duntroon.

Major general (Australia)
Major general (abbreviated MAJGEN) is a senior rank of the Australian Army, and was created as a direct equivalent of the British military rank of major general. It is the third-highest active rank of the Australian Army (the rank of field marshal not being held by any currently serving officer), and is considered to be equivalent to a two-star rank. A major general commands a division or the equivalent.

Major general is a higher rank than brigadier, but lower than lieutenant general. Major general is the equivalent of rear admiral in the Royal Australian Navy and air vice marshal in the Royal Australian Air Force.

The insignia for a major general is the star (or 'pip') of the Order of the Bath (despite membership of the Order no longer being awarded to Australians), above a crossed Mameluke sword and baton.
Michael Gill (cricketer)
Michael Fredrick Gill (19 March 1957 – 8 December 2024) was a New Zealand cricketer. He played in 19 first-class and eight List A matches for Central Districts from 1974 to 1982.

Gill was a right-arm opening bowler. His best first-class figures were 6 for 53 in Central Districts' victory over Canterbury in the 1980–81 Shell Trophy. He had taken his best one-day figures a few weeks earlier, 4 for 27 in Central Districts' victory over Otago. He also played Hawke Cup cricket for Wanganui and Hutt Valley between 1974 and 1986.

Gill died in Whanganui on 8 December 2024, at the age of 67. He had three sons and a stepdaughter. His wife Angela predeceased him.

Central Districts cricket team
The Central Stags, formerly known as Central Districts, are a first-class cricket team based in central New Zealand. They are the men's representative side of the Central Districts Cricket Association. They compete in the Plunket Shield first-class competition, The Ford Trophy domestic one-day competition and the Men's Super Smash Twenty20 competition. They are one of six teams that make up New Zealand Cricket. They were the fifth of the current teams to compete in the Plunket Shield which they entered for the first time in the 1950/51 season, and are the only men's first-class side representing regions in both the North and South Islands of New Zealand.
Laurent Lecointre
Laurent Lecointre (German pronunciation: [lɔʁɑ̃ ləkwɛ̃tʁ]) was a French politician, born at Versailles on 1 February 1742, and died at Guignes, Seine-et-Marne on 4 August 1805. He is also known under the name of "Lecointre de Versailles".

Jacques-Alexis Thuriot de la Rosière
Jacques-Alexis Thuriot (French pronunciation: [ʒak alɛksi tyʁjo]), known as Thuriot de la Rosière, and later as chevalier Thuriot de la Rosière, chevalier de l'Empire (1 May 1753 - 20 June 1829) was an important French statesman of the French Revolution, and a minor figure under the French Empire of Napoleon Bonaparte.
Languages of Armenia
Armenia is located in the Caucasus region of south-eastern Europe. Armenian is the official language in Armenia and is spoken as a first language by the majority of its population. Armenian is a pluricentric language with two modern standardized forms: Eastern Armenian and Western Armenian. Armenia's constitution does not specify the linguistic standard. In practice, the Eastern Armenian language dominates government, business, and everyday life in Armenia.

As of today, Russian is still, by far, the best known foreign language among the Armenian population. English is gaining popularity in recent years. French and several other languages have also begun to be studied and used. Kurmanji, spoken by the Yazidi minority, is the largest minority language of Armenia. Other minority languages recognized by the Armenian government are Assyrian, Greek, and Russian.

Eastern Armenian
Eastern Armenian (Armenian: արևելահայերեն, romanized: arevelahayeren) is one of the two standardized forms of Modern Armenian, the other being Western Armenian. The two standards form a pluricentric language.

Eastern Armenian developed as a separate standard starting in the eighteenth century. It belongs to the -um branch of Armenian dialects (sometimes called the Eastern branch), distinguished by how the present tense is formed.

Eastern Armenian is spoken in Armenia, Russia, as well as Georgia, and by the Armenian community in Iran. Although the Eastern Armenian spoken by Armenians in Armenia and Iranian-Armenians are similar, there are pronunciation differences with different inflections. Armenians from Iran also have some words that are unique to them. Due to migrations of speakers from Armenia and Iran to the Armenian diaspora, the dialect is now very prominent in countries and regions where only Western Armenian was used.
Calleguas Creek
Calleguas Creek (/kɑːˈjeɪ.ɡəs/; Chumash: Kayïwïsh, meaning "the head") is the terminus of a river system in Ventura County, California. It drains the Calleguas Creek Watershed, an area 30 miles long and 14 miles wide (343 square miles), which includes Simi Valley, Moorpark, Camarillo and a large portion of Thousand Oaks.  Tributaries include Arroyo Simi, Arroyo Santa Rosa, Revolon Slough and Arroyo Conejo.  It discharges into the Pacific Ocean, the Santa Barbara Channel, at Mugu Lagoon on Naval Base Ventura County, just north of Point Mugu, where the Santa Monica Mountains meet the ocean, marking the southern/eastern boundary of the Oxnard Plain.

In 2009, Calleguas Creek was named the most polluted body of water in the jurisdiction of the Los Angeles Regional Water Quality Control Board.  Pollution along the river system has been an issue for decades.

Point Mugu
Point Mugu (/muːˈɡuː/, Chumash: Muwu) is a cape or promontory within  Point Mugu State Park on the Pacific Coast in Ventura County, near the city of Port Hueneme and the city of Oxnard. The name is believed to be derived from the Chumash Indian term "Muwu", meaning "beach", which was first mentioned by Cabrillo in his journals in 1542. Mugu Lagoon is a salt marsh just upcoast from the promontory within the Naval Base Ventura County formerly called the Naval Air Station Point Mugu.
Esmaeel Azar
Esmaeel Azar or Amir Esmaeel Azar (Persian: اسماعیل آذر, born 9 December 1944, Isfahan, Iran) is a professor of Persian literature and director of the Department of Persian Language at the Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, and director of the Farhangban Cultural and Artistic Institute. He also works as a presenter on literary programs on Iranian television, including the "Watching the Oath and the Beginning of the Word" (Poetry-related TV program). He is a member of the Art commission at the Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution, Director of the Persian Literature Department at the Economic Cooperation Organization, Member of the Naming Committee at the National Organization for Civil Registration of Iran, member of the scientific commissions of the Public Libraries of Iran and a member of the board of directors of the Comparative Literature Association of Iran.

Algirdas Julien Greimas
Algirdas Julien Greimas (French: [alɡiʁdas ʒyljɛ̃ gʁɛmas]; born Algirdas Julius Greimas; 9 March 1917 – 27 February 1992) was a Lithuanian literary scientist who wrote most of his body of work in French while living in France. Greimas is known among other things for the Greimas square (le carré sémiotique). He is, along with Roland Barthes, considered the most prominent of the French semioticians. With his training in structural linguistics, he added to the theory of signification, plastic semiotics, and laid the foundations for the Parisian school of semiotics. Among Greimas's major contributions to semiotics are the concepts of isotopy, the actantial model, the narrative program, and the semiotics of the natural world. He also researched Lithuanian mythology and Proto-Indo-European religion, and was influential in semiotic literary criticism.
High Peak Buses
High Peak Buses Limited is a bus company based in Dove Holes, Derbyshire, formed in 2012. It operates a mixture of local and long-distance commercial and subsidised public bus services in and around the Borough of High Peak, after which it is named. Services in the Alfreton and Matlock areas are operated under the Hulleys brand.

Mercedes-Benz Citaro
The Mercedes-Benz Citaro is a low-floor single-decker, rigid or articulated bus manufactured by Mercedes-Benz/EvoBus. Introduced in 1997, the Citaro is available in a range of configurations, and is in widespread use throughout Europe and parts of Asia, with more than 55,000 produced by December 2019.
Torched (album)
Torched is the final recording guitarist Michael Hedges was working on at the time of his death, caused by a fatal car accident on December 2, 1997. It was released posthumously in 1999 on the Windham Hill label.

Windham Hill Records
Windham Hill Records was an independent record label that specialized in instrumental acoustic music. It was founded by guitarist William Ackerman and Anne Robinson (née McGilvray) in 1976 and was popular in the 1980s and 1990s.

The label was purchased by BMG through a series of buyouts from 1992 through 1996. It is now a subsidiary of Sony Music Entertainment, following Sony's acquisition of BMG Music in 2007. Private Music, also a subsidiary of BMG, has issued some back-catalog releases under the Windham Hill Records imprint. Since the Sony merger in 2007, Windham Hill has released no new material but reissues albums and compilations as part of Sony's Legacy Recordings brand.
Judiciary of Sri Lanka
The Judiciary of Sri Lanka are the civil and criminal courts responsible for the administration of justice in Sri Lanka. The Constitution of Sri Lanka defines courts as independent institutions within the traditional framework of checks and balances. They apply Sri Lankan Law which is an amalgam of English common law, Roman-Dutch civil law and Customary Law; and are established under the Judicature Act No 02 of 1978 of the Parliament of Sri Lanka.

The judiciary consist of the Supreme Court, the Court of Appeal, the High Court, district court (Sri Lanka)s, magistrate's court (Sri Lanka)s, and primary courts. Although provisions are there for trials for serious offences to be held before a jury, at present all cases are heard before professional judges.

Primary court
The primary courts in Sri Lanka is a lower court and are the courts of first instance. There are seven primary courts, located in Anamaduwa, Angunukolapelessa, Kandy, Mallakam, Pilessa, Wellawaya and Wennappuwa. In the other divisions, the magistrate's courts exercise the jurisdiction of the primary courts. The primary courts have criminal and civil Jurisdiction.
Kovno Ghetto
The Kovno Ghetto was a ghetto established by Nazi Germany to hold the Lithuanian Jews of Kaunas (Kovno) during the Holocaust.  At its peak, the ghetto held 29,000 people, most of whom were later sent to concentration and extermination camps, or were shot at the Ninth Fort.  About 500 Jews escaped from work details and directly from the ghetto, and joined Jewish and Soviet partisan forces in the distant forests of southeast Lithuania and Belarus.

Zev Birger
Zev Birger (Hebrew: זאב בירגר; June 1, 1926 – June 6, 2011) was a founder of the Sons of Zion Organization that worked to preserve Hebrew culture and language during World War II. He was also active in Aliyah Bet (illegal immigration organization) that organized the immigration of Holocaust survivors to Israel. He help set up of State of Israel's Customs and Excise Department, served as Deputy Minister of Commerce and Industry, as a special assistant to Jerusalem Mayor Teddy Kollek for the development of culture, the economy and tourism in the city, and directed the Jerusalem International Book Fair. Among those who nurtured Israeli cinema, he was a founder of Sam Spiegel Film & Television School.
Megalurothrips
Megalurothrips is a genus of thrips belonging to the family Thripidae.

The species of this genus are found in Old World and Australia.

Species:

Megalurothrips basisetae Han & Cui, 1992

Megalurothrips distalis (Karny, 1913)

Megalurothrips equaletae Feng, Chao & Ma, 1999

Megalurothrips flaviflagellus Mirab-Balou, Yang & Tong, 2014

Megalurothrips formosae (Moulton, 1928)

Megalurothrips guizhouensis Zhang, Feng & Zhang, 2004

Megalurothrips haopingensis Feng, Chao & Ma, 1999

Megalurothrips longus Hu QL & Feng JN, 2019

Megalurothrips mucunae (Priesner, 1938)

Megalurothrips peculiaris (Bagnall, 1918)

Megalurothrips sinensis (Woo, 1974)

Megalurothrips sjoestedti (Trybom, 1908)

Megalurothrips sjostedti (Trybom, 1908)

Megalurothrips typicus Bagnall, 1915

Megalurothrips usitatus (Bagnall, 1913)

Thripidae
The Thripidae are the most speciose family of thrips, with over 290 genera representing just over two thousand species. They can be distinguished from other thrips by a saw-like ovipositor curving downwards, narrow wings with two veins, and antennae of six to ten antennomeres with stiletto-like forked sense cones on antennal segments III and IV.

They are considered to be among the more derived of thrips, having evolved many traits key to specializing as cryptophilous phytovores, living in the narrow spaces at the bases of leaves and within flowers.

Several species are economically significant pests, some of them invasive. Almost all of them are typical thrips which belong in the largest subfamily, the Thripinae.