hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Galton–Watson process
The Galton–Watson process, also called the Bienaymé-Galton-Watson process or the Galton-Watson branching process, is a branching stochastic process arising from Francis Galton's statistical investigation of the extinction of family names. The process models family names as patrilineal (passed from father to son), while offspring are randomly either male or female, and names become extinct if the family name line dies out (holders of the family name die without male descendants).

Galton's investigation of this process laid the groundwork for the study of branching processes as a subfield of probability theory, and along with these subsequent processes the Galton-Watson process has found numerous applications across population genetics, computer science, and other fields.

Net reproduction rate
In population ecology and demography, the net reproduction rate, R0, is the average number of offspring (often specifically daughters) that would be born to a female if she passed through her lifetime conforming to the age-specific fertility and mortality rates of a given year. This rate is similar to the gross reproduction rate but takes into account that some females will die before completing their childbearing years. An R0 of one means that each generation of mothers is having exactly enough daughters to replace themselves in the population. If the R0 is less than one, the reproductive performance of the population is below replacement level.

The R0 is particularly relevant where sex ratios at birth are significantly affected by the use of reproductive technologies, or where life expectancy is low.

The current (2015–20) estimate for the R0 worldwide under the UN's medium variant model is 1.09 daughters per woman.
Lucia Hierro
Lucia Hierro (born Dec 02, 1987, New York Presbyterian) is a Dominican American multimedia artist known for soft-assemblage, painting, sculpture, and digital media collages that represent the intersectionality between Dominican American identity, capitalism, and community through a culturally relevant lens. Her most notable works infuse "bodega aesthetics" with pop art, minimalism and Dutch still life styles. She has a studio in South Bronx.

Minimalism (visual arts)
Minimalism describes movements in various forms of art and design, especially visual art and music, where the work is set out to expose the essence, essentials or identity of a subject through eliminating all non-essential forms, features or concepts. As a specific movement in the arts it is identified with developments in post–World War II Western Art, most strongly with American visual arts in the 1960s and early 1970s. Minimalism is often interpreted as a reaction to abstract expressionism and a bridge to postminimal art practices. Prominent artists associated with this movement include Sol LeWitt, Ad Reinhardt, Nassos Daphnis, Tony Smith, Donald Judd, John McCracken, Agnes Martin, Dan Flavin, Robert Morris, Larry Bell, Anne Truitt, Yves Klein and Frank Stella. Artists themselves have sometimes reacted against the label due to the negative implication of the work being simplistic.
Gangstar Rio: City of Saints (2011)
Gangstar Rio: City of Saints is an open-world action-adventure video game published by Gameloft and developed by Gameloft Montreal 10, 2011. The game consists of a 2D keypad-operated version made for Java (J2ME) platforms and a 3D touch-operated version made for Android and iOS.

The game is part of the Gangstar series. The story revolves around Assassinos gang member Raul. 3D and 2D versions have completely different plots, but a set of shared characters. The 3D version is set in modern-day Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The game was followed by a sequel, Gangstar Vegas, in 2013.

Java Platform, Micro Edition
Java Platform, Micro Edition or Java ME is a computing platform for development and deployment of portable code for embedded and mobile devices (micro-controllers, sensors, gateways, mobile phones, personal digital assistants, TV set-top boxes, printers). Java ME was formerly known as Java 2 Platform, Micro Edition or J2ME.

The platform uses the object-oriented Java programming language, and is part of the Java software-platform family. It was designed by Sun Microsystems (now Oracle Corporation) and replaced a similar technology, PersonalJava.

In 2013, with more than three billion Java ME–enabled mobile phones in the market, the platform was in continued decline as smartphones have overtaken feature phones.
Muslimov
Muslimov is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Magomed Muslimov (born 1992), Russian footballer

Mehmet Muslimov (born 1964), Russian linguist

Murtazali Muslimov, Azerbaijani freestyle wrestler

Pavel Muslimov (born 1967), Russian biathlete

Shirali Muslimov, Azerbaijani supercentenarian

Mehmet Muslimov
Mehmet Muslimov (Russian: Мехмед Закирович Муслимов, born August 14, 1964) is a Russian linguist, and an expert in Finno-Ugric languages. He is a member of Strana Yazykov, a nationwide network of language activists.
Efemçukuru
Efemçukuru is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Menderes, İzmir Province, Turkey. Its population is 452 (2022). It is 48 kilometres (30 mi) to the south of İzmir. Main agricultural product is olive. The village has also specialised in organic farming. Efemçukuru used to be a forest village. But beginning by 2008, the forests around the village are assigned to a Canadian company, Eldorado Gold, for gold mining.

İzmir Province
İzmir Province (Turkish: İzmir ili) is a province and metropolitan municipality of Turkey in western Anatolia, situated along the Aegean coast. Its capital is the city of İzmir, which is in itself composed of the province's central 11 districts out of 30 in total. To the west, it is surrounded by the Aegean Sea, and it encloses the Gulf of Izmir. Its area is 11,891 square kilometres (4,591 square miles), and its population is 4,462,056 (2022). Neighboring provinces are Balıkesir to the north, Manisa to the east, and Aydın to the south. The traffic code of the province is 35.

Major rivers of the province include the Küçük Menderes river, Koca Çay (with Güzelhisar dam), and Bakırçay.
James S. Warren
James S. Warren was the director of the counter-terrorism branch of the Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS) in 1985 at the time of the Air India bombing. Mel Deschenes is alternatingly referred to as having held the same position at the same time.

On July 16, 1986 he sent a letter defending CSIS from Royal Canadian Mounted Police allegations that they had been un-cooperative and negligent in tracing the suspects prior to the bombing.

He retired from CSIS in 1994, but was called to testify before the Air India Inquiry - where he stated there was "no deliberate attempt to suppress evidence" relating to the recorded audiotapes that were erased by CSIS.

Canadian Security Intelligence Service
The Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS, /ˈsiːsɪs/; French: Service canadien du renseignement de sécurité, SCRS) is a foreign intelligence service and security agency of the federal government of Canada. It is responsible for gathering, processing, and analyzing national security information from around the world and conducting covert action within Canada and abroad. CSIS reports to the Minister of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness, and is subject to review by the National Security and Intelligence Review Agency.

The CSIS has no law enforcement function and mainly focuses on intelligence gathering overseas. The agency is led by a director, the current being Daniel Rogers, who assumed the role on October 15, 2024.
Ben Adams (baseball)
Benjamin Franklin Adams (October 13, 1936 – May 21, 2005) was an American Negro league pitcher in the 1950s and 1960s.

A native of Norfolk, Virginia, Adams broke into the Negro leagues in 1952 with the Indianapolis Clowns. He played for a number of teams throughout the following years, including the Kansas City Monarchs. Adams retired in 1969, ending his career with 11 years with the Monarchs. He died in Grand Rapids, Michigan in 2005 at age 68.

Indianapolis Clowns
The Indianapolis Clowns were a professional baseball team in the Negro American League. Tracing their origins back to the 1930s, the Clowns were the last of the Negro league teams to disband, continuing to play exhibition games into the 1980s. They began play as the independent Ethiopian Clowns, joined the Negro American League as the Cincinnati Clowns and, after a couple of years, relocated to Indianapolis. Hank Aaron was a Clown for a short period, and the Clowns were also one of the first professional baseball teams to hire a female player.
Habushu
Habushu (ハブ酒) is an awamori-based liqueur made in the Ryukyu Islands. Other common names include habu sake or Okinawan snake wine. Habushu is named after the habu snake, Protobothrops flavoviridis, which belongs to the pit viper subfamily of vipers, and is closely related to the rattlesnake and copperhead. Like all vipers, Habu snakes are venomous. These snakes are native to parts of Southeast Asia, including large island groups such as the Philippines, Ryukyus, and Japan.

Liqueur
A liqueur (UK: /lɪˈkjʊər/ ⓘ li-KURE, US: /lɪˈkɜːr/ li-KUR; French: [likœʁ]) is an alcoholic drink composed of spirits (often rectified spirit) and additional flavorings such as sugar, fruits, herbs, and spices. Often served with or after dessert, they are typically heavily sweetened and un-aged, beyond a resting period during production, when necessary, for their flavors to mingle.

Liqueurs are historical descendants of herbal medicines. They were made in France as early as the 13th century, often prepared by monks (for example, Chartreuse). Today they are produced all over the world, commonly served neat, over ice, with coffee, in cocktails, and used in cooking.
Aki Seitsonen
Aki Seitsonen (born February 5, 1986) is a Finnish former professional ice hockey player. He was selected by the Calgary Flames in the 4th round (108th overall) of the 2004 NHL Entry Draft.

Seitsonen played in the SM-liiga with both HPK and Lukko during the 2009–10.

2004 NHL entry draft
The 2004 NHL entry draft was the 42nd entry draft for the National Hockey League. It was held on June 26 and 27, 2004 at the RBC Center in Raleigh, North Carolina. It is especially notable because it was the last NHL event to take place before the beginning of the 2004–05 NHL lockout, which canceled all the games scheduled for that season.

As of 2025, the remaining active players in the NHL from this draft are Evgeni Malkin and Alexander Ovechkin.
Plymouth A-A-2004
The Plymouth A-A-2004 is a rotor aircraft inspired by the Flettner rotor, a type of rotor that uses the Magnus effect to produce lift. Built specifically for Zaparka in 1930 by three anonymous American inventors, this aircraft showcased the innovative use of the Magnus effect in aviation, leading to successful flights over Long Island Sound.

Magnus effect
The Magnus effect is a phenomenon that occurs when a spinning object is moving through a fluid. A lift force acts on the spinning object and its path may be deflected in a manner not present when it is not spinning. The strength and direction of the Magnus force is dependent on the speed and direction of the rotation of the object.

The Magnus effect is named after Heinrich Gustav Magnus, the German physicist who investigated it. The force on a rotating cylinder is an example of Kutta–Joukowski lift, named after Martin Kutta and Nikolay Zhukovsky (or Joukowski), mathematicians who contributed to the knowledge of how lift is generated in a fluid flow.
Field hockey at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Men's qualification
The men's qualification for the Olympic field hockey tournament occurred between August 2023 and January 2024, allocating twelve teams for the final tournament. All five FIH (International Hockey Federation) zones were expected to have a continental representation in the Olympic field hockey event.

The host nation France received a direct quota place in the men's tournament after having attained the top twenty-five spot or higher in the FIH world ranking list. The remaining half of the field will attribute the quota places to the top three teams in each of the two separate FIH Olympic qualifying tournaments.

Field hockey at the 2024 Summer Olympics
The field hockey tournaments at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris were held from 27 July to 9 August at Stade Yves-du-Manoir, a legacy venue of the 1924 Summer Olympics. Twenty-four teams (twelve each for men and women) competed against each other in their respective tournaments.
Wilhelm Stenhammar
Carl Wilhelm Eugen Stenhammar (February 7, 1871 – November 20, 1927) was a Swedish composer, conductor and pianist. He is considered to be one of Sweden’s most important composers at the turn of the 20th century, and one of the finest Swedish pianists of his time, with a reputation as a fine interpreter of the piano music of Beethoven.

Piano trio
A piano trio is a group of piano and two other instruments, usually a violin and a cello, or a piece of music written for such a group. It is one of the most common forms found in classical chamber music. The term can also refer to a group of musicians who regularly play this repertoire together; for a number of well-known piano trios, see below.

The term "piano trio" is also used for jazz trios, where it most commonly designates a pianist accompanied by bass and drums, though guitar or saxophone may figure as well.
Imaginer
"Imaginer" (to imagine) is a French-language song first performed and recorded by American singer Jackie Evancho in 2011.  The song uses the music from a 1999 English-language song, "Broken Vow", by Walter Afanasieff and Lara Fabian.  The same songwriters wrote the new French lyrics for Evancho, who recorded it on her 2011 gold album Dream With Me, which was recorded when Evancho was 10 years old.

Jackie Evancho concert tours
The following is a description of Jackie Evancho's concert tours, not including Evancho's joint concerts with other artists (aside from the AGT Live Tour). This article also does not list filmings for Evancho's television appearances (although it mentions her PBS specials in the narrative text) or include any information about her charity and festival concerts and private appearances.  The most noteworthy of Evancho's concerts not listed here are mentioned in her main Wikipedia article.

After her 2nd-place finish in the 5th season of America's Got Talent in 2010, Evancho participated in the America's Got Talent: Live Tour. Beginning in 2011, she headlined solo concert tours to promote each of her albums.
Frederick Davis Shaw
Frederick Davis Shaw (August 4, 1909 – December 9, 1977) was a Canadian politician who served in Parliament.

Shaw was first elected to the House of Commons of Canada in the 1940 federal election, in the electoral district of Red Deer under the banner of the Social Credit Party. He was re-elected in 1945, 1949, 1953 and 1957.  In the 1958 election he was defeated by Progressive Conservative candidate Harris Rogers.

After his defeat Shaw moved to British Columbia, where he tried twice to re-enter Parliament.  He stood as the Social Credit candidate in the federal elections of 1962 and 1963 in the electoral district of Okanagan Boundary against incumbent Progressive Conservative Member of Parliament David Vaughan Pugh.  He was defeated both times.

"Jack" as he was known, was married to Eva.  They had three sons, Douglas, Donald and Frederick Jr., and a daughter Patricia born on the day of Queen Elizabeth's coronation, June 2, 1953.

1953 Canadian federal election
The 1953 Canadian federal election was held on August 10, 1953, to elect members  of the House of Commons of Canada of the 22nd Parliament of Canada. Prime Minister Louis St. Laurent led his Liberal Party of Canada to its second consecutive majority government, although the party lost seats to the other parties.

The Progressive Conservative Party, led by former Premier of Ontario, George Drew, formed the official opposition, but for the last time until 1993, the party was unable to win the popular vote in any of Canada's provinces or territories.

This was the last election until 1988 in which any party won back-to-back majorities, and the last until 1997 in which the Liberals would accomplish this feat. This election is the last time that the Liberals would win more seats in Alberta than the largest right-of-centre party in Canada, and the last time they would win more seats than the Tories in Alberta until 1993.
Erskine L. Seeley House
Erskine L. Seeley House is a historic home located at Stamford in Delaware County, New York.  It was built about 1890 and is a 2+1⁄2-story, balloon frame house clad in wood clapboard siding on a bluestone foundation. The front facade features a 2-story, three-sided, canted bay window under a large projecting gable. Also on the property is a small carriage house converted to a garage in the early 20th century.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.

Carriage house
A carriage house, also called a remise or coach house, is a term used in North America to describe an outbuilding that was originally built to house horse-drawn carriages and their related tack. Carriage houses were often two stories, with related staff quarters above.
Lucienne Delyle
Lucienne Delyle (16 April 1913  – 10 April 1962) was a French singer.

After the success of Mon amant de Saint-Jean (my lover from Saint-Jean), in 1942, Lucienne Delyle became one of the most popular French female singers of the 1950s.

Emil Stern
Émile Stern (28 April 1913 – 14 January 1997), best known under his artistic pseudonym Emil Stern, was a French composer, pianist and conductor of Romanian descent. He was born in Paris. Together with his writing partner Eddy Marnay they wrote one of the winning songs for the 1969 Eurovision Song Contest: "Un jour, un enfant", sung by Frida Boccara. He wrote the scores for Claude Berri's film Mazel Tov ou le Mariage.
Marina Caskey
Marina Fernandes De Barros Caskey  (born 1978, Aracaju, Sergipe) is a Brazilian Physician-scientist, immunologist and professor at Rockefeller University.

She graduated with a degree in Medicine (MD) from the Federal University of Sergipe. After medical training in Brazil, she did an internal medicine residency at Mount Sinai Morningside (then known at St Luke's), and a fellowship in infectious disease at Cornell's NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital.  After her medical training, she did clinical research work on HIV vaccine and vaccine adjuvant development in the lab of Nobel laureate Ralph M. Steinman.  Now as a faculty member of Rockefeller, she has led in human clinical trials of neutralizing antibodies against HIV.

Sergipe
Sergipe (English: /ˌsɛərˈʒiːpi/, sair-ZHEE-pee ⓘ; Brazilian Portuguese: [sɛʁˈʒipi] ⓘ), officially the State of Sergipe, is a state of Brazil. Located in the Northeast Region along the Atlantic coast of the country, Sergipe is the smallest state in Brazil by geographical area at 21,910 square kilometres (8,460 mi2), larger only than the Federal District. Sergipe borders Bahia to the south and west and Alagoas to the north. Aracaju is the capital and the largest city in the state; the state is divided into 75 municipalities. The state has 1.1% of the Brazilian population and produces 0.6% of the Brazilian GDP.
Arnoldus Brumby House
The Arnoldus Brumby House is a historic house in Marietta, Georgia, United States known as Brumby Hall. It was built in the Antebellum Era (1851) for a West Point graduate and Confederate colonel. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Marietta, Georgia
Marietta is a city in and the county seat of Cobb County, Georgia, United States. At the 2020 census, the city had a population of 60,972. The 2019 estimate was 60,867, making it one of Atlanta's largest suburbs. Marietta is the fourth largest of the principal cities by population of the Atlanta metropolitan area.
Chevrolet Stovebolt engine
The Chevrolet Stovebolt engine is a straight-six engine made in two versions between 1929 and 1962 by the Chevrolet Division of General Motors.  It replaced the company's 171-cubic-inch (2.8 L) inline-four as their sole engine offering from 1929 through 1954, and was the company's base engine starting in 1955 when it added the small block V8 to the lineup. It was completely phased out in North America by 1962, but GM continued to build it in Brazil until 1979. It was replaced by the Chevrolet Turbo-Thrift engine.

Chevrolet small-block engine
The Chevrolet small-block engine refers to one of the several gasoline-powered vehicle engines manufactured by General Motors. These include:

The first or second generation of non-LS Chevrolet small-block engines

The third, fourth, or LS-based GM engines

The Chevrolet Gemini small-block engine
Jupitagon River
The Jupitagon River (French: Rivière Jupitagon) is a salmon river in the Côte-Nord region of Quebec, Canada. It flows south through boreal forests from the Canadian Shield to the Gulf of Saint Lawrence. In 2018 salmon fishing was banned on the river due to critically low stocks.

Gulf of St. Lawrence
The Gulf of St. Lawrence is a gulf that fringes the shores of the provinces of Quebec, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Labrador, in Canada, plus the islands Saint-Pierre and Miquelon, possessions of France, in North America.

The Gulf of St. Lawrence connects the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean via the St. Lawrence River.
Bayat, Bor
Bayat is a village in Bor District of Niğde Province, Turkey. Its population is 407 (2022). It is situated in the plains of Central Anatolia, to the south of Melendis Mountain.  Distance to Bor is 19 kilometres (12 mi) to Niğde is 29 kilometres (18 mi).

Central Anatolia region
The Central Anatolia region (Turkish: İç Anadolu Bölgesi) is a geographical region of Turkey. The largest city in the region is Ankara, the capital of Turkey. Other large cities are Konya, Kayseri, Eskişehir, Sivas, Aksaray and Kırşehir.

Located in Central Turkey, it is bordered by the Aegean region to the west, the Black Sea region to the north, the Eastern Anatolia region to the east, and the Mediterranean region to the south. It also shares a very slight border with the Marmara region in Bilecik Province.
Wonders (album)
Wonders is the fifth studio album by American musical group The Piano Guys. It was released on October 7, 2014 by Portrait Records. The album reached number 12 on the US Billboard 200, making it their highest charting album to date.

The album also features the beginning of their "Wonders of the World" quest, beginning at the Great Wall of China for their video "Kung Fu Piano: Cello Ascends" and the "Christ the Redeemer" statue in Rio for their video "The Mission/ How Great Thou Art".

How Great Thou Art
"How Great Thou Art" is a Christian hymn based on a Swedish hymn entitled "O Store Gud" written in 1885 by Swedish poet and minister Carl Boberg. The English version of the hymn and its title are a loose translation from 1949 by  English missionary Stuart K. Hine. The hymn was popularised by George Beverly Shea and Cliff Barrows during Billy Graham's crusades. It was voted the British public's favourite hymn by BBC's Songs of Praise. "How Great Thou Art" was ranked second (after "Amazing Grace") on a list of the favourite hymns of all time in a survey by Christianity Today magazine in 2001 and in a nationwide poll by Songs Of Praise in 2019.