hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bharasar
Bharasar is a small village in the Kutch District of Gujarat, India.

The Bharasar Gram panchayat is the local administrative governing body, and the village being a Bhuj Taluka, is partially funded and accountable to authorities in nearby Bhuj City.

The main religion of the villagers is Hinduism, Swaminarayan Sampraday. Nearby villages include Manukwa, Naranpur, Sukhpur, and Samatra.

The village mainly consists of farmland on the outskirts, with many residential homes, along with two bank branches and a girls' school.

Many residents have emigrated to the United Kingdom in London or Bolton, and some have to Kenya.

Bharasar is one of the 24 villages that have formed the Shree Kutch Leva Patel Community (SKLPC).

Bhuj
Bhuj (Gujarati: [bʰudʒ] ⓘ) is a city and the headquarters of Kutch district in the Indian state of Gujarat. It was the capital of Cutch State, which was a princely state before it was merged into the Indian Union in 1947.
Kamal Badr
Dr. Kamal Badr is a Lebanese-American physician and scientist who has been Professor of Medicine and Chair of the Department of Internal Medicine at the American University of Beirut from July 2000 to late 2006. He then was named Founding Dean of the Lebanese American University’s new medical school, a position he held until September 1, 2010. He returned to the American University of Beirut in October 2010, where he is Associate Dean for Medical Education.

American University of Beirut
The American University of Beirut (AUB; Arabic: الجامعة الأميركية في بيروت, romanized: al-Jāmiʿa l-Amērkiyya fī Bayrūt) is a private, non-sectarian, and independent university chartered in New York with its main campus in Beirut, Lebanon. AUB is governed by a private, autonomous board of trustees and offers programs leading to bachelor's, master's, MD, and PhD degrees.

AUB has an operating budget of $423 million with an endowment of approximately $768 million. The campus is composed of 64 buildings, including the American University of Beirut Medical Center (AUBMC, formerly known as AUH – American University Hospital) (420 beds), four libraries, three museums and seven dormitories. Almost one-fifth of AUB's students attended secondary school or university outside Lebanon before coming to AUB. AUB graduates reside in more than 120 countries worldwide. The language of instruction is English. Degrees awarded at the university are officially registered with the New York Board of Regents.
Hierarchy of the sciences
The hierarchy of the sciences is a theory formulated by Auguste Comte in the 19th century. This theory states that science develops over time beginning with the simplest and most general scientific discipline, astronomy, which is the first to reach the "positive stage" (one of three in Comte's law of three stages). As one moves up the "hierarchy", this theory further states that sciences become more complex and less general, and that they will reach the positive stage later. Disciplines further up the hierarchy are said to depend more on the developments of their predecessors; the highest discipline on the hierarchy are the social sciences. According to this theory, there are higher levels of consensus and faster rates of advancement in physics and other natural sciences than there are in the social sciences.

Law of three stages
The law of three stages is an idea developed by Auguste Comte in his work The Course in Positive Philosophy. It states that society as a whole, and each particular science, develops through three mentally conceived stages: (1) the theological stage, (2) the metaphysical stage, and (3) the positive stage.
Eth's Skin
Eth's Skin is a webcomic written and drawn by Sfé R. Monster since 2014. Following Eth, a non-binary fisher who lives in a magical version of British Columbia, Eth's Skin tells a story in which the protagonist accidentally picks up the skin of a selkie, which triggers an adventure. Inking on the webcomic is done by Kory Bing.

The webcomic has been on a hiatus since January 18, 2017.

Skin Deep (webcomic)
Skin Deep is a fantasy webcomic series written and drawn by Missourian Kory Bing. The story follows the lives of various mythical creatures, such as a gryphon, a nixie, a satyr, and a sphinx, as they disguise themselves (using magical medallions) into the world of humans.

The story's narrative, which began its twelfth arc in January 2015, presents the point of view of Michelle, a college-aged Sphinx who has only recently learned that she is not a human, and the various points of view of the citizens of Liverpool's Avalon, an entire magically hidden city.

The plot often works to establish a theme of different versions of normalcy, promoting acceptance and diversity.
Magdi Allam
Magdi Cristiano Allam (born Magdi Muhammad Allam [Arabic: مجدي محمد علام, romanized: Majdī Muḥammad ʿAllām], 22 April 1952) is an Egyptian-Italian journalist and politician, noted for his criticism of Islam and his articles on the relations between Western culture and the Islamic world.

Allam converted from Islam to Catholicism during the Vatican's 2008 Easter Vigil service presided over by Pope Benedict XVI. He served as a regional councillor in the Italian region of Basilicata after being elected in 2010, and was a Member of the European Parliament for Italy from 2009 to 2014.

He has lived under police protection for many years due to death threats from Muslims.

Union of Islamic Communities and Organisations in Italy
The Union of Islamic Communities and Organisations in Italy (Italian: Unione delle Comunità e Organizzazioni Islamiche in Italia, UCOII) is one of the three main Italian Sunni Islamic organisations in Italy, along with the Italian Islamic Religious Community and the Italian Islamic Confederation.
Ministry of Economy and Planning (Tunisia)
The Ministry of Economy and Planning (Arabic: وزارة الإقتصاد والتخطيط, romanized: Wizārat al-Iqtiṣād wa-al-Takhṭīṭ) is a department of the Tunisian Government. It was created in October 2021 by the Bouden Cabinet.

Bouden Cabinet
The Bouden Cabinet was the government of Tunisia from 2021 to 2023. It is headed by Najla Bouden, the first female prime minister in Tunisia and the Arab world. The formation was result of ongoing political instability and an economic crisis as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic in Tunisia.
Cyrus Ainsworth
Cyrus Gerald Ainsworth (4 August 1888 – 20 February 1940) was an English first-class cricketer. Ainsworth's batting style is unknown. He was born at Bury, Greater Manchester.

Ainsworth qualified as a surgeon prior to 1915. It was during World War I that he was enlisted as a surgeon in the Royal Navy in September 1915. He continued to serve in the Royal Navy following the end of the war, as he was selected to play a first-class cricket match for the Royal Navy against Cambridge University at Fenner's in 1919. In a match Cambridge University won by an innings and 84 runs, Ainsworth scored 6 runs in the Royal Navy's first-innings, before he was dismissed by Gordon Fairbairn, while in their second-innings he top scored with 71, before being dismissed by Gilbert Ashton.

He died at Elton, Lancashire on 20 February 1940.

Gilbert Ashton
Gilbert Ashton MC (27 September 1896 – 6 February 1981) was an English cricketer who played 62 first-class matches between the wars, mostly for Cambridge University (whom he captained in 1921, and also captained at football) and Worcestershire. His obituary in Wisden called him "a fine, aggressive stroke-player" and praised his fielding ability at cover point.
His bowling was of the occasional variety, and after he left Cambridge became essentially non-existent.
Hector Hodler Library
The Hector Hodler Library is one of the largest Esperanto libraries, with approximately 30,000 books in addition to periodicals, manuscripts, photos, music, and other collections.  It occupies three rooms in the central office of the Universal Esperanto Association (UEA) in Rotterdam, Netherlands.

The Swiss Esperanto Society opened the library in Switzerland in 1908.  In 1912, the library came into the possession of Hector Hodler, the founder of UEA, and after Hodler's death in 1920 the library remained under the management of UEA in Switzerland. In 1947, the library was renamed the Hector Hodler Library, and when UEA headquarters relocated to Rotterdam, the library was moved there in 1960.

By 2004, the library held over 15,000 volumes.

Other major collections of Esperanto books are at the International Esperanto Museum, the Montagu C. Butler Library, the Center for Documentation and Study about the International Language in Switzerland, and the German Esperanto Library.

Montagu C. Butler Library
The Montagu Butler Library is one of the world's most comprehensive collections dedicated to the Esperanto language. Housing an extensive array of literary works, historical documents, and scholarly resources.

Located at the Esperanto Association of Britain.

It is named after Montagu C. Butler, author of a number of works including Step by Step in Esperanto and the comprehensive Esperanto-English Dictionary.

The collections started with Butler's personal collection and the library of the Esperanto Association of Britain.

It is housed in purpose-built premises at the offices of the Esperanto Association of Britain which are now located at the Wedgwood Memorial College, Barlaston, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, having moved from Holland Park, London in April 2001 due to financial pressures.
Outline of thought
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to thought (thinking):

Thought is the object of a mental process called thinking, in which beings form psychological associations and models of the world.  Thinking is manipulating information, as when we form concepts, engage in problem solving, reason and make decisions.  Thought, the act of thinking, produces more thoughts.  A thought may be an idea, an image, a sound or even control an emotional feeling.

Recall (memory)
Recall in memory refers to the mental process of retrieving information from the past. Along with encoding and storage, it is one of the three core processes of memory. There are three main types of recall: free recall, cued recall and serial recall. Psychologists test these forms of recall as a way to study the memory processes of humans and animals.
Two main theories of the process of recall are the two-stage theory and the theory of encoding specificity.
Nebula Award Stories 3
Nebula Award Stories 3 is an anthology of award-winning science fiction short works edited by Roger Zelazny. It was first published in the United Kingdom in hardcover by Gollancz in November 1968. The first American edition was published by Doubleday in December of the same year. Paperback editions followed from Pocket Books in the U.S. in February 1970, and Panther in the UK in November 1970. The American editions carried the variant title Nebula Award Stories Three. The book was more recently reissued by Stealth Press in hardcover in June 2001. It has also been published in German.

Victor Gollancz Ltd
Victor Gollancz Ltd (/ɡəˈlænts/) was a major British book publishing house of the twentieth century and continues to publish science fiction and fantasy titles as an imprint of Orion Publishing Group.

Gollancz was founded in 1927 by Victor Gollancz, and specialised in the publication of high-quality literature, nonfiction, and popular fiction, including crime, detective, mystery, thriller, and science fiction. Upon Gollancz's death in 1967, ownership passed to his daughter, Livia, who in 1989 sold it to Houghton Mifflin. Three years later in October 1992, Houghton Mifflin sold Gollancz to the publishing house Cassell & Co. Cassell and its parent company Orion Publishing Group were acquired by Hachette in 1996, and in December 1998 the merged Orion/Cassell group turned Gollancz into its science fiction/fantasy imprint.
Supersymmetry breaking
In particle physics, supersymmetry breaking or SUSY breaking is a process via which a seemingly non-supersymmetric physics emerges from a supersymmetric theory. Assuming a breaking of supersymmetry is a necessary step to reconcile supersymmetry with experimental observations.

Superpartner particles, whose mass is equal to the mass of the regular particles in supersymmetry, become much heavier with supersymmetry breaking. In supergravity, this results in a slightly modified counterpart of the Higgs mechanism where the gravitinos become massive.

Supersymmetry breaking is relevant in the domain of applicability of stochastic differential equations, which includes classical physics, and encompasses nonlinear dynamical phenomena as chaos, turbulence, and pink noise. Various mechanisms for this breaking have been discussed by physicists, including soft SUSY breaking and types of spontaneous symmetry breaking.

Superpartner
In particle physics, a superpartner (also sparticle) is a class of hypothetical elementary particles predicted by supersymmetry, which, among other applications, is one of the well-studied ways to extend the Standard Model of high-energy physics.

When considering extensions of the Standard Model, the s- prefix from sparticle is used to form names of superpartners of the Standard Model fermions (sfermions), e.g. the stop squark. The superpartners of Standard Model bosons have an -ino (bosinos) appended to their name, e.g. gluino, the set of all gauge superpartners are called the gauginos.
Casamarciano
Casamarciano is a comune (municipality) in the  Metropolitan City of Naples in the Italian region Campania, located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) northeast of Naples.

Casamarciano borders the following municipalities: Avella, Cimitile, Comiziano, Nola, Tufino, Visciano.

Avella
Avella is a town and comune in the province of Avellino, Campania, southern Italy. It is renowned for the cultivation of hazelnuts, whose specific name (Corylus avellana) derives precisely from this territory.
Douglas Kilburn
Douglas Thomas Kilburn (1811 or 1813–10 March 1871) was an English-born watercolour painter and professional daguerreotypist who operated in Melbourne 1847–49, producing some of the earliest portrait photographs of indigenous Australians.

Exposition Universelle (1855)
The Exposition Universelle of 1855 (French pronunciation: [ɛkspozisjɔ̃ ynivɛʁsɛl]), better known in English as the 1855 Paris Exposition, was a world's fair held on the Champs-Élysées in Paris, France, from 15 May to 15 November 1855. Its full official title was the Exposition Universelle des produits de l'Agriculture, de l'Industrie et des Beaux-Arts de Paris 1855. It was the first of ten major expositions held in the city between 1855 and 1937. Nowadays, the exposition's sole physical remnant is the Théâtre du Rond-Point des Champs-Élysées, designed by architect Gabriel Davioud, which originally housed the Panorama National.
Andrographis paniculata
Andrographis paniculata, commonly known as creat or green chiretta, is an annual herbaceous plant in the family Acanthaceae, native to India and Sri Lanka.

It is widely cultivated in Southern and Southeastern Asia, where it has been believed to be a treatment for bacterial infections and some diseases. Mostly the leaves and roots have been used for such purposes; the whole plant is also used, in some cases.

Acanthaceae
Acanthaceae (/ækænˈθeɪsiːˌaɪ, -siˌi/) is a family (the acanthus family) of dicotyledonous flowering plants containing almost 250 genera and about 2500 species. Most are tropical herbs, shrubs, or twining vines; some are epiphytes. Only a few species are distributed in temperate regions. The four main centres of distribution are Indonesia and Malaysia, Africa, Brazil, and Central America. Representatives of the family can be found in nearly every habitat, including dense or open forests, scrublands, wet fields and valleys, sea coast and marine areas, swamps, and mangrove forests.
Intergovernmental Authority on Development
The Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) is a trade bloc in Africa. It includes governments from the Horn of Africa, Nile Valley and the African Great Lakes. It is headquartered in Djibouti.

Trade bloc
A trade bloc  is a type of intergovernmental agreement, often part of a regional intergovernmental organization, where barriers to trade (tariffs and others) are reduced or eliminated among the participating states.

Trade blocs can be stand-alone agreements between several states (such as the USMCA) or part of a regional organization (such as the European Union). Depending on the level of economic integration, trade blocs can be classified as preferential trading areas, free-trade areas, customs unions, common markets, or economic and monetary unions.
Jessica Watson
Jessica Rose Watson OAM (born 18 May 1993) is an Australian sailor who was awarded after attempting a solo circumnavigation at the age of 16 from 18 October 2009 to 15 May 2010. Although she circled the planet, she did it in a narrow range of latitudes that resulted in her voyage falling short of the distance criterion of 21,600 nautical miles (40,000 km) for a circumnavigation – the equivalent of the circumference of the Earth at the equator – by nearly 2,000 nautical miles (3,700 km); Watson was nevertheless named 2011 Young Australian of the Year and awarded the Medal of the Order of Australia in 2012 for "...service to sailing and to youth through the achievement of sailing solo and unassisted around the world [sic], and as a role model for young Australians". As of November 2022, she resides in Melbourne. Netflix produced a film, True Spirit (2023), about Watson's voyage.

Australian Transport Safety Bureau
The Australian Transport Safety Bureau (ATSB) is Australia's national transport safety investigator. The ATSB is the federal government body responsible for investigating transport-related accidents and incidents within Australia.  It covers air, sea and rail travel. The ATSB is an independent Commonwealth Government statutory agency, governed by a Commission and is separate from transport regulators, policy makers and service providers.
Bosarpasjön
Bosarpasjön is a spring lake located just under a mile in the southeast of the locality of Sösdala in the municipality of Hässleholm in Scania county and is part of the main catchment area of the Helge river. The lake has an area of 0.741 square kilometers and has an elevation of 116.2 meters above sea level. During test fishing, european perch, bream, ruffe and pike have been caught in the lake.

The lake is part of the Vramsån River and thus the Helge River's drainage basin, with its own drainage area of 13.2 km2. The lake has been classified as one of the purest in Skåne and a limnological study from 2011 showed that the lake's water, without any treatment, meets the current limit values for being drinkable.

Hässleholm Municipality
Hässleholm Municipality (Swedish: Hässleholms kommun) is a municipality in Scania County in southern Sweden.  Its seat is located in the city Hässleholm.

The present municipality was created in 1974 when the former City of Hässleholm, itself incorporated in 1914, was amalgamated with seven surrounding municipalities.  In 1863, there were 29 local government units, all rural, in the area.

The municipal coat of arms was granted in 1920 and registered for the new municipality in 1974. The cross symbolizes the railway junction, which is the origin of the town Hässleholm. The hazelnuts allude to the name Hässleholm, which roughly translates as "Hazel-isle".
Florence Gell
Florence Ellis Gell (hard ⟨G⟩, /ɡɛl/, née Bailey, 1906–2001) was a prominent civic leader and a well-regarded municipal politician in the former City of York, Ontario, Canada. Gell was known to be a very active member of her community and was the first woman to serve in a number of public positions. She received local and provincial honours for her extensive public service, including York's Citizen of the Decade award.

The Village at Black Creek
The Village at Black Creek, previously Black Creek Pioneer Village, and before that Dalziel Pioneer Park, is an open-air heritage museum in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The village is located in the North York district of Toronto, just west of York University and southeast of the Jane and Steeles intersection. It overlooks Black Creek, a tributary of the Humber River. The village is a recreation of life in 19th-century Ontario and gives an idea how rural Ontario might have looked in the early-to-mid-19th century. The village is a regular destination for field trips by schoolchildren from the Greater Toronto Area. It was opened in 1960 and is operated by the Toronto and Region Conservation Authority.

Napier Simpson, a restoration architect in Ontario devoted his professional life to raising public awareness of the importance of heritage conservation including the Black Creek Pioneer Village project.
Vund Point
Vund Point (Bulgarian: нос Вунд, ‘Nos Vund’ \'nos 'vund\) is the point forming the east extremity of Rugged Island off the west coast of Byers Peninsula of Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica.  The area was visited by early 19th century sealers.

The point is named after Vund, a Bulgar ruler in the Caucasus who established the Principality of Vanand in Armenia in the late 4th Century CE.

Livingston Island
Livingston Island (Russian name Smolensk, 62°36′S 60°30′W﻿ / ﻿62.600°S 60.500°W﻿ / -62.600; -60.500) is an Antarctic island in the Southern Ocean, part of the South Shetlands Archipelago, a group of Antarctic islands north of the Antarctic Peninsula. It was the first land discovered south of 60° south latitude in 1819, a historic event that marked the end of a centuries-long pursuit of the mythical Terra Australis Incognita and the beginning of the exploration and utilization of real Antarctica. The name Livingston, although of unknown derivation, has been well established in international usage since the early 1820s.
Monster Manual III
Monster Manual III is a rulebook published in September 2004 by Wizards of the Coast, for use with the Dungeons & Dragons role-playing game. It is the first of the monster specific books published by Wizards of the Coast to be made for the 3.5 edition of the game. It cites sources from Dragon magazine, Manual of the Planes, the Planes of Law Campaign Expansion, and the first edition of Fiend Folio.

The book is notable for being published for use with the two main endorsed campaign settings of Forgotten Realms and Eberron with many creatures containing sections explaining where they might be found in the campaign setting.

Manual of the Planes
The Manual of the Planes (abbreviated MoP) is a manual for the Dungeons & Dragons role-playing game. This text addresses the planar cosmology of the game universe.

The original book (for use with Advanced Dungeons & Dragons 1st Edition) was published in 1987 by TSR, Inc.  For 2nd Edition, concern over inclusion of angels and demons led TSR to forgo the release, though they compensated years later with the Planescape campaign setting.  A third edition version of the Manual of the Planes was published in 2001 by Wizards of the Coast, while a new version for 4th Edition debuted in 2008.