hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Valentin Ursache
Valentin Niculae Ursache (born 12 August 1985 in Târgu Neamț) is a Romanian former rugby union player.

Ursache played in Romania for Contor Zenner Arad, Steaua Bucharest and CSM Baia Mare. He also played in France for Pays d'Aix RC and Oyonnax, from where he retired in June 2022.

Ursache has 55 caps for Romania, since his debut at 26 June 2004, in the historical 25-24 win over Italy, in Bucharest, in a test match. He played twice at the 2007 Rugby World Cup, coming on both times as a substitute. He was called into the squad for the 2011 Rugby World Cup, playing in three matches. He also played in four group stage matches of Romania's 2015 Rugby World Cup campaign.

On 29 April 2013, Ursache was named honorary citizen of Oyonnax.

CSM Știința Baia Mare
CSM Știința Baia Mare, commonly referred to as Știința Baia Mare (Romanian pronunciation: [ʃtiintsa baia mare]), is a Romanian professional rugby union club based in Baia Mare that competes in the Liga de Rugby Kaufland, Romania's top division of rugby.
Individual dressage at the 2009 FEI European Jumping and Dressage Championships
The individual dressage at the 2009 FEI European Jumping and Dressage Championships in Windsor, Great Britain was held at Windsor Castle from 25 to 30 August.

The Netherlands's Edward Gal won the gold medal in the Grand Prix Freestyle. Adelinde Cornelissen representing Netherlands won a golden medal the Grand Prix Special and silver in the Grand Prix Freestyle. Laura Bechtolsheimer of Great Britain won a bronze in the Special while Dutch triple Olympic gold medalist Anky van Grunsven won the bronze medal in the Freestyle. In the Grand Prix The Netherlands won the golden team medal, while the Great Britain won the silver medal and Germany bronze.Edward Gal broke the World Record in the Grand Prix Freestyle with scoring for the first time over the 90%. He also broke the World Record in the Grand Prix Special, but Adelinde Cornelissen, who rode her test after Edward broke the WR again.

2009 FEI European Championships
The 2009 FEI European Jumping and Dressage Championships, also known as the 2009 Alltech FEI European Jumping and Dressage Championships, is the 30th edition of the European Show Jumping Championships and the 26th edition of the European Dressage Championship. It was held at Windsor Castle in Windsor, England, from August 25 to August 30, 2009. For the first time, the European Jumping Championships and the European Dressage Championship are being held at the same time. 92 competitors from 24 nations will compete in the jumping competition, while 54 competitors from 19 nations will compete in the dressage competition.
Mitsuishi District, Hokkaido
Mitsuishi (三石郡, Mitsuishi-gun) was a district located in Hidaka Subprefecture, Hokkaido, Japan.

As of 2004, the district had an estimated population of 4,950 and a density of 14.30 persons per km2. The total area was 346.23 km2.

On March 31, 2006, Mitsuishi District merged with Shizunai District to create the new Hidaka District. Mitsuishi District and Shizunai District were both dissolved with this merger.

Districts of Japan
In Japan, a district (郡, gun) is composed of one or more rural municipalities (towns or villages) within a prefecture. Districts have no governing function, and are only used for geographic or statistical purposes such as mailing addresses. Cities are not part of districts.

Historically, districts have at times functioned as an administrative unit.  From 1878 to 1921 district governments were roughly equivalent to a county of the United States, ranking below prefecture and above town or village, on the same level as a city. District governments were entirely abolished by 1926.
Qaddita
Qaddita (Arabic: قدّيتا, transliteration: Qaddîtâ) was a Palestinian Arab village of 240, located 4.5 kilometers (2.8 mi) northwest of Safad. It was captured and depopulated in the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, with some of its inhabitants expelled or fleeing to nearby 'Akbara where they live as internally displaced Palestinians and others to refugee camps in Lebanon or Syria.

Present absentee
Present absentees are Arab internally displaced persons (IDPs) who fled or were expelled from their homes in Mandatory Palestine during the 1947–1949 Palestine war but remained within the area that became the state of Israel.

In 1950, 46,000 out of the 156,000 Israeli Arabs in Israel were considered present absentees. According to 2015 estimates from Palestinian NGO BADIL, there are 384,200 IDPs in Israel and 334,600 IDPs in the Palestinian territories.

IDPs are not permitted to live in the homes they formerly lived in, even if they were in the same area as their home, the property still exists, and they can show that they own it. They are regarded as absent by the Israeli government because they were absent from their homes on a particular day, even if they did not intend to leave them for more than a few days, and even if they left involuntarily. The community carries out an annual March of Return to their former villages.
Variational integrator
Variational integrators are numerical integrators for Hamiltonian systems derived from the Euler–Lagrange equations of a discretized Hamilton's principle. Variational integrators are momentum-preserving and symplectic.

Hamiltonian system
A Hamiltonian system is a dynamical system governed by Hamilton's equations. In physics, this dynamical system describes the evolution of a physical system such as a planetary system or an electron in an electromagnetic field. These systems can be studied in both Hamiltonian mechanics and dynamical systems theory.
Novy Kainlyk
Novy Kainlyk (Russian: Новый Каинлык; Bashkir: Яңы Ҡайынлыҡ, Yañı Qayınlıq) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative centre of Novokainlykovsky Selsoviet, Krasnokamsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 615 as of 2010. There are 5 streets.

Krasnokamsky District
Krasnokamsky District (Russian: Краснока́мский райо́н; Bashkir: Краснокама районы, Krasnokama rayonı; Tatar: Кызыл Кама районы, Qızıl Qama rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the northwest of the republic and borders with the territory of the city of republic significance of Neftekamsk in the north, Yanaulsky District in the northeast, Kaltasinsky District in the east, Ilishevsky District in the south, the Republic of Tatarstan in the south and southwest, and with the Udmurt Republic in the west and northwest. The area of the district is 1,594.92 square kilometers (615.80 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Nikolo-Beryozovka. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 27,986, with the population of Nikolo-Beryozovka accounting for 21.8% of that number.
A. V. Gurava Reddy
A. V. Gurava Reddy is an Indian orthopedic surgeon and Joint replacement expert. He is the Managing Director and Chief Joint Replacement Surgeon at Sunshine Bone and Joint Institute – Sunshine Hospitals, a 300-bed NABH Accredited, Multispeciality hospital in Hyderabad India. A. V. Gurava Reddy is one of the leading surgeon(s) in India and performs about 4000 joint replacements per year. He has made sustained efforts to increase the awareness and acceptance of Joint replacement surgery in India. In 2021, Sunshine Hospital's majority stake was sold to Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences (hospital group), commonly known as KIMS.

Joint replacement
Joint replacement is a procedure of orthopedic surgery known also as arthroplasty, in which an arthritic or dysfunctional joint surface is replaced with an orthopedic prosthesis. Joint replacement is considered as a treatment when severe joint pain or dysfunction is not alleviated by less-invasive therapies. Joint replacement surgery is often indicated from various joint diseases, including osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.

Joint replacement has become more common, mostly with knee and hip replacements. About 773,000 Americans had a hip or knee replaced in 2009.
Eduardo Menezes
Eduardo Menezes (born 1 May 1980) is a Brazilian Olympic show jumping rider. He participated at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, where he finished 5th in the team jumping and 28th in the individual jumping competitions.

Menezes competed at the 2015 Pan American Games, finishing in 4th place teamwise and 9th individually. He also competed at the 2011 edition of the Show Jumping World Cup finals.

Show jumping
Show jumping is a part of a group of English riding equestrian events that also includes eventing, hunters, and equitation. Jumping classes are commonly seen at horse shows throughout the world, including the Olympics. Sometimes shows are limited exclusively to jumpers. Sometimes jumper classes are offered in conjunction with other English-style events. Sometimes, show jumping is but one division of a very large, all-breed competition that includes a very wide variety of disciplines. Jumping classes may be governed by various national horse show sanctioning organizations, such as the United States Equestrian Federation or the British Showjumping Association.  International competitions are governed by the rules of the International Federation for Equestrian Sports.
Alfredo Rodríguez y Pacheco
Alfredo Rodríguez y Pacheco (born 11 August 1959) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the PAN. As of 2013 he served as Senator of the LX and LXI Legislatures of the Mexican Congress representing Yucatán. He also served as Deputy during the LIX Legislature.

LXI Legislature of the Mexican Congress
The LXI Legislature of the Congress of the Union, the 61st session of the Congress of Mexico, met from 1 September 2009 to 31 August 2012. Members of the upper house of the Congress were selected in the elections of July 2006 while members of the lower house of the Congress were selected in the elections of July 2009.
Keep Me Fed
Keep Me Fed is the fourth studio album by the Mexican rock band The Warning. It was released on 28 June 2024, through Lava and Republic Records.

Keep Me Fed was chosen to the 19th position on the Kerrang! magazine's "The 50 Best Albums of 2024" list and to the 11th position on the Rock Sound magazine's "Top 24 Albums of 2024" list. The LP was included by the French rock magazine Hard Force in its list of "TOP ALBUMS 2024".

Six singles were released ahead of the album. The first single, "More", peaked at number 36 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock chart, staying on the chart for seven weeks. The second single, "S!CK", reached number eight on the Billboard Mainstream Rock chart, remaining on the chart for 20 weeks.

"S!CK" is featured on Loudwire's list of "Best Rock + Metal Songs of 2024 (So Far)". This track was also selected to the soundtrack of Madden NFL 26 video game.

The song "Qué Más Quieres" was nominated to the Latin Grammy Awards in the Best Rock Song category.

Dan Lancaster
Dan Lancaster is an English record producer, musician, songwriter and artist from the UK. He is best known for his mixing and production work in contemporary rock music, and has worked with prominent global acts such as Blink-182, 5 Seconds Of Summer, Bring Me the Horizon, One OK Rock, Lower Than Atlantis, Don Broco, Muse, A Day to Remember and Three Days Grace.

He is a three-time Grammy nominee for his work with Bring Me the Horizon and Blink-182, and he has twice been nominated for "Best Producer" at the Heavy Music Awards.
2020 Monterrey Open
The 2020 Monterrey Open (also known as the Abierto GNP Seguros for sponsorship reasons) was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 12th edition of the Monterrey Open and an International tournament on the 2020 WTA Tour. It took place at the Club Sonoma in Monterrey, Mexico, from 2 to 8 March 2020.

WTA International tournaments
The WTA International tournaments was a category for tennis tournaments of the Women's Tennis Association from the 2009 WTA Tour until 2020, which replaced the previous Tier III and Tier IV categories. As of 2021, these events have been reclassified as WTA 250 tournaments. The winner of a WTA 250 tournament adds 250 points to her WTA ranking.

For the 2025 season, there were 21 WTA 250, all knock-out tournaments with a prize money for every event at $275,094.
Bird goddess
The term bird goddess was coined by Marija Gimbutas with relation to figurines attributed to the Neolithic Vinca culture. These figurines show female bodies combined with a bird's head. The interpretation as "goddess" is part of Gimbutas' program of feminist archaeology depicting the European Neolithic as a "gynocentric" culture that would be ousted by the "patriarchal" Indo-European cultures with the onset of the Bronze Age.

Griffen (2005) claims to have discovered a sign for the bird goddess in the Vinča signs.

Feminist archaeology
Feminist archaeology employs a feminist perspective in interpreting past societies. It often focuses on gender, but also considers gender in tandem with other factors, such as sexuality, race, or class. Feminist archaeology has critiqued the uncritical application of modern, Western norms and values to past societies. It is additionally concerned with increasing the representation of women in the discipline of archaeology, and reducing androcentric bias within the field.

Feminist archaeology has expanded in recent years to include intersectional analyses, such as Black Feminist archaeology, Indigenous archaeology, and post-colonial archaeology. It also began to pay more attention to household studies, the study of masculinity, and the study of sexuality.
Susan Dynarski
Susan Marie Dynarski is an American economist who is currently professor of education at the Harvard Graduate School of Education. She is also a faculty research associate of the National Bureau of Economic Research.

Harvard Graduate School of Education
The Harvard Graduate School of Education (HGSE) is the education school of Harvard University, a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1920, it was the first school to grant the EdD degree and the first Harvard school to award degrees to women. HGSE enrolls around 800 students between its master of education (Ed.M.) and three-year doctor of education leadership (Ed.L.D.) programs.

It is associated with the Harvard Education Publishing Group whose imprint is the Harvard Education Press and publishes the Harvard Educational Review.
A. & G. Taylor
A. & G. Taylor was a British photographic business, and manufacturer of cabinet cards and cartes de visite, and later picture postcards.

In 1866, the photographers Andrew Taylor (1832–1909) and George Taylor opened their first studio in London's Cannon Street. They expanded to have 30 outlets in major British cities and some in the US. In 1886, they received a Royal Warrant, and became self-proclaimed "Photographers to the Queen".

By 1901, they were producing picture postcards, using four different series, the Reality Series of greetings, children, actresses, and military themes, as real photo postcards, the Carbontone Series of black and white printed views and greetings, the Orthochrome Series of views and greetings, printed in tinted halftone, and a Comic Series. After 1914, they moved their main studio to Hastings, but may have closed by 1918.

Hastings
Hastings (/ˈheɪstɪŋz/ ⓘ HAY-stingz) is a seaside town and borough in East Sussex on the south coast of England,
24 mi (39 km) east of Lewes and 53 mi (85 km) south east of London. The town gives its name to the Battle of Hastings, which took place 8 mi (13 km) to the north-west at Senlac Hill in 1066. It later became one of the medieval Cinque Ports. In the 19th century, it was a popular seaside resort, as the railway allowed tourists and visitors to reach the town. Hastings remains a popular seaside resort and is also a fishing port, with the UK's largest beach-based fishing fleet. The town's estimated population was 91,100 in 2021.
Symphoricarpos parishii
Symphoricarpos parishii, or Parish's snowberry, is a North American species of flowering plant in the honeysuckle family. It had been found in California, Nevada, Arizona, and Baja California.

Symphoricarpos parishii is a low spreading shrub. Stems are up to 100 cm (40 inches) long, sometimes leaning against other vegetation. Leaves are up to 2 cm (0.8 inch) long, dark green on the upper surface but lighter green underneath. It has pink, bell-shaped flowers and white fruits.

Caprifoliaceae
The Caprifoliaceae or honeysuckle family is a clade of dicotyledonous flowering plants consisting of about 860 species in 33 to 42 genera, with a nearly cosmopolitan distribution. Centres of diversity are found in eastern North America and eastern Asia, while they are absent in tropical and southern Africa.
Vathsalya
Vathsalya (pronunciationⓘ) is a 1965 Indian Kannada-language film directed by Y. R. Swamy. The film stars Rajkumar, Udaykumar, Narasimharaju and Shivaraj. The musical score was composed by Vijaya Krishnamurthy. The film was a remake of the Tamil film Pasamalar. It was a major hit. Notably, this is the only film in which Leelavathi played the role of Rajkumar's sister.

Y. R. Swamy
Y. R. Swamy (c. 1927 – 21 October 2002) was an Indian film director and screenwriter who worked primarily Kannada cinema. He directed over 35 films in his career, 18 of which came in films that stars Rajkumar in the lead role. He also holds the record for directing Rajkumar for the highest no. of times- eighteen.

His first film as a director came in the 1953 Telugu film, Pratigna. Since then, Swamy directed films in the Kannada language and mostly in the mythological genre and with a social connect. His popular films include Bhakta Kanakadasa (1960), Katari Veera (1966), Paropakari (1970), Sipayi Ramu (1972) and Bhale Huchcha (1972). Recognizing his contribution to Kannada cinema, he was awarded the 1990–91 Puttanna Kanagal Award.
Who Cares? (Gershwin song)
"Who Cares?" is a song composed by George Gershwin, with lyrics by Ira Gershwin, written for their 1931 musical Of Thee I Sing. It was introduced by William Gaxton and Lois Moran in the original Broadway production.

William Gaxton
William Gaxton (né Arthur Anthony Gaxiola; December 2, 1893 – February 2, 1963) was an American actor of vaudeville, film, and theatre. For many years Gaxton was president of The Lambs Club, a theatrical organization in New York City. He and Victor Moore became a popular theatre duo in the 1930s and 1940s; they also appeared in a film together.
Pyrylium-1
Pyrylium-1 (Py-1) is a fluorogenic salt of a pyrylium derivative and tetrafluoroborate.  It is an amine-labeling dye that is not fluorescent itself,  but reacts with primary amines to form fluorescent products. It is within the "chameleon labels" class, so named due to their clear color-changing properties upon conjugation. Py-1 was first reported in 2004. It has been used for the detection of amines and peptides, largely in CE-SDS, where it is recognized to reach a high sensitivity via laser-induced fluorescence. Once bound to protein the excitation wavelength is 503 nm (green) and the emission wavelength is 603 nm (orange). Similar to FQ, these fluorescence wavelengths makes Py-1 suitable for excitation with a 488 nm argon-ion laser.

Fluorogenic
Fluorogenic describes a property of chemical compounds which are initially not fluorescent, but become fluorescent through a chemical reaction, typically through an intermolecular covalent reaction which binds the now fluorescent compound to a target molecule. IUPAC uses a broader definition of fluorogenic, wherein an enhancement of fluorescence via a chemical reaction is not required, however in contrast to the IUPAC definition common use of fluorogenic does not refer to non-reaction effects like the enhancement of fluorescence from a fluorophore being in different solvents. Fluorogenic labeling reagents are often used in analytical chemistry procedures, particularly in HPLC or CE to derivative target compounds (e.g. labeling the primary amines of polypeptides), thereby allowing enhanced sensitivity through fluorescence based detection.
Abbas al-Noury
Abbas al-Noury (Arabic: عباس النوري; born 8 December 1952 in Damascus, Syria) is a prominent Syrian television actor, writer, and director known for his role in the Syrian series Bab al-Hara, and for being the leading Syrian actor of "Al Ijtiah" (The Invasion) TV series about the atrocities in Jenin camp in Palestine. This series was the first Arabic TV production to win the Emmy’s new telenovela category for the best international drama series in 2008.

Jenin
32°27′40″N 35°18′00″E﻿ / ﻿32.46111°N 35.30000°E﻿ / 32.46111; 35.30000

Jenin (/ʒɪˈniːn/ zhin-EEN; Arabic: جنين, romanized: Jinīn, locally pronounced [ʒɪˈniːn] ⓘ) is a city in the West Bank, Palestine, and is the capital of the Jenin Governorate. It is a hub for the surrounding towns. Jenin came under Israeli occupation in 1967, and was put under the administration of the Palestinian National Authority as Area A of the West Bank, a Palestinian enclave, in 1995.

The city had a population of approximately 50,000 people in 2017, whilst the Jenin refugee camp had a population of about 10,000, housing families of Palestinians who fled or were expelled from their homes during the 1948 Palestine War. The camp has since become a stronghold of Palestinian militants, being the location of several incidents relating to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict.
Reder
Reder is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bernard Reder (1887–1964), artist from Czernowitz, Bukovina

Kristiaan Reuder or Christian Reder (1656 – 1729), German painter

Deanna Reder, Canadian academic

Gigi Reder born Luigi Schroeder; (1928 – 1998), Italian actor

Hedwig Reder maiden name of Hedwig Kettler (1851 –  1937), German women's rights activist

Johnny Reder (1909–1990), Polish-American sportsman

József Réder (1951 – 2008), Hungarian boxer

Peter Reder (born 1960), British artist

Rudolf Reder a.k.a. Roman Robak (1881 – 1977), concentration camp survivor

Walter Reder (1915–1991), German SS officer

Walter Reder
Walter Reder (4 February 1915 – 26 April 1991) was an Austrian SS commander and war criminal during World War II. He served with the SS Division Totenkopf and the SS Division Reichsführer-SS. He and the unit under his command committed the Vinca massacre and Marzabotto massacre in Italy in 1944. After the war, Reder was convicted of war crimes in Italy.
Lyle & Scott
Lyle & Scott Limited, trading as Lyle & Scott, is a Scottish luxury fashion and knitwear brand well known historically for its golfing knitwear. Based in Hawick in the Scottish Borders area of Scotland, the brand designs, manufactures and markets knitwear and in the 21st century has become increasingly popular for its clothing such as t-shirts, polo shirts, tracksuits and loungewear amongst younger and middle aged customers.

Founded in 1874, the brand has primarily focused on golfing attire for much of its history, sported by high-profile golfers, and awarded a Royal Warrant of appointment by The Duke of Edinburgh in 1975. Since 2003, the brand has widened its appeal to include youth and urban markets, alongside its more traditional golfing attire.

Luxury goods
In economics, a luxury good (or upmarket good) is a product or item or service  for which demand increases more than what is proportional as income rises, so that expenditures on the good become a more significant proportion of overall spending. Luxury goods are in contrast to necessity goods, where demand increases proportionally less than income. Whereas people consume necessity goods to meet basic survival needs, luxury goods are consumed both for their "intrinsic quality and to signal their wealth and confirm social status." In economics, luxury goods is often used synonymously with superior goods.