hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Data validation
In computing, data validation or input validation is the process of ensuring data has undergone data cleansing to confirm it has data quality, that is, that it is both correct and useful. It uses routines, often called "validation rules", "validation constraints", or "check routines", that check for correctness, meaningfulness, and security of data that are input to the system. The rules may be implemented through the automated facilities of a data dictionary, or by the inclusion of explicit application program validation logic of the computer and its application.

This is distinct from formal verification, which attempts to prove or disprove the correctness of algorithms for implementing a specification or property.

Computing
Computing is any goal-oriented activity that requires, benefits from, or creates computing machinery. It includes the study and experimentation of algorithmic processes, and the development of both hardware and software. Computing encompasses scientific, engineering, mathematical, technological, and social aspects. Major computing disciplines include computer engineering, computer science, cybersecurity, data science, information systems, information technology, and software engineering.

The term computing is also synonymous with counting and calculating. In earlier times, it was used in reference to the action performed by mechanical computing machines, and before that, to human computers.
2023 Internationaux de Tennis de Blois – Doubles
Sriram Balaji and Jeevan Nedunchezhiyan were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Dan Added and Grégoire Jacq won the title after defeating Théo Arribagé and Luca Sanchez 6–4, 6–4 in the final.

Luca Sanchez
Luca Sanchez (born 18 March 1999) is a French tennis player who specializes in doubles. He has a career-high ATP doubles ranking of world No. 86 achieved on 29 January 2024 and a singles ranking of No. 1875 achieved on 4 January 2021.
Keeton (surname)
Keeton is an English surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bob Keeton (1918–1996), English footballer

Cheryl Keeton (1949–1986), American lawyer

Chuckie Keeton (born 1993), American football player

Durwood Keeton (born 1952), American football player

Elmer Keeton (1882–1947), American musician, community leader

Frederick Keeton (1855–1911), English cricketer

Haydn Keeton (1847–1921), American football player

John Keeton (born 1972), British boxer

Kathy Keeton (1939–1997), American magazine publisher

Kimberly Keeton, American computer scientist

Rickey Keeton (born 1957), American baseball player

Robert Keeton (1919–2007), American lawyer

Ruth U. Keeton (1919–1997), American politician

W. Page Keeton (1909–1999), American attorney

Walter Keeton (1905–1980), English cricketer

William Keeton (1933–1980), American zoologist

William D. Keeton (1884–1972), Justice of the Idaho Supreme Court

Rickey Keeton
Rickey Keeton (born March 18, 1957) is an American former professional right-handed pitcher. Keeton attended Western Hills High School in Cincinnati and Southern Illinois University in Carbondale, Illinois. He was picked in the third round of the 1978 amateur draft and pitched parts of two seasons in the majors, 1980 and 1981, for the Milwaukee Brewers of the Major League Baseball (MLB).
DEEP2 Redshift Survey
The DEEP2 Survey or DEEP2 was a two-phased Redshift survey of Redshift z ~ 1 galaxies (where z= a measure of speed and by extension, the distance from earth). It used the twin 10 metre Keck telescopes in Hawaii to measure the spectra and redshifts of approximately 50,000 galaxies. It was the first project to study galaxies in the distant Universe with a spectral resolution similar to local surveys, such as the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. It was completed in 2013.

W. M. Keck Observatory
The W. M. Keck Observatory is an astronomical observatory with two telescopes at an elevation of 4,145 meters (13,600 ft) near the summit of Mauna Kea in the U.S. state of Hawaii. Both telescopes have 10 m (33 ft) aperture primary mirrors, and, when completed in 1993 (Keck I) and 1996 (Keck II), they were the largest optical reflecting telescopes in the world. They have been the third and fourth largest since 2006.
Mount Khabarjina
42°34′16″N 44°33′17″E﻿ / ﻿42.57111°N 44.55472°E﻿ / 42.57111; 44.55472
Mount Khabarjina (Georgian: ქაბარჯინა, Ossetian: Къæбырджын) is a mountain and dormant volcano in the Caucasus of Georgia. It has an elevation of 3,142 metres. It is located near Mount Kazbek and is a part of its volcanic group. It is better known under the name Mount Kabardzhin.

Ossetian language
Ossetian (/ɒˈsɛtiən/ o-SET-ee-ən, /ɒˈsiːʃən/ o-SEE-shən, /oʊˈsiːʃən/ oh-SEE-shən), commonly referred to as Ossetic and rarely as Ossete, is an Eastern Iranian language that is spoken predominantly in Ossetia, a region situated on both sides of the Russian-Georgian border in the Greater Caucasus region. It is the native language of the Ossetian people, and a relative and possibly a descendant of the extinct Scythian, Sarmatian, and Alanic languages.

The northern half of the Ossetian region is part of Russia and is known as North Ossetia–Alania, while the southern half is part of the de facto country of South Ossetia (recognized by the United Nations as Russian-occupied territory that is de jure part of Georgia). Ossetian-speakers number about 614,350, with 451,000 recorded in Russia per the 2010 Russian census.

Despite Ossetian being the official languages of both North and South Ossetia, since 2009 UNESCO has listed Ossetian as "vulnerable".
Tom Geredine
Tom Geredine (born June 17, 1950) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Truman Bulldogs. He played in the NFL for the Atlanta Falcons from 1973 to 1974 and Los Angeles Rams in 1976.

Truman Bulldogs football
The  Truman Bulldogs football program represents Truman State University in college football and competes in the Division II level of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). In 2013, Truman became a member of the Great Lakes Valley Conference and has remained in the league. Prior to this, Truman was in the Mid-America Intercollegiate Athletics Association from 1924 to 2012. TSU's home games are played at Stokes Stadium in Kirksville, Missouri.
Muktar Tolani Shagaya
Muktar Tolani Shagaya (born 16 December 1989) is a Nigerian politician and a current House of Representatives member in the 10th National Assembly, representing Ilorin West/Asa Federal Constituency since June 2023. He is the deputy chairman, House of the Representatives Committee on Basic Education & Services. Since assuming office as a member of the National Assembly, Shagaya Tolani has sponsored over 15 bills, co-sponsored several others, and introduced motions in the House of Representatives.

House Committee on Basic Education and Services
The House Committee on Basic Education and Services is a standing committee of the Nigerian House of Representatives, responsible for legislative oversight and advancing basic education policies in Nigeria. Working alongside its Senate counterpart, the committee ensures effective implementation of education programs and regulatory frameworks. Its oversight extends to agencies such as the Universal Basic Education Commission (UBEC) and the Federal Ministry of Education, making it an influential body in shaping Nigeria's education sector.
Jerel
Jerel is a male given name. Notable people with this name include:

Jerel Blassingame (born 1981), American basketball player

Jerel Ifil (born 1982), English football player

Jerel McNeal (born 1987), American basketball player

Jerel Myers (born 1981), American American football player

Jerel Worthy (born 1990), American American football player

Jerel Blassingame
Jerel Romaine Blassingame (born September 12, 1981) is an American professional basketball player for AIK Basket of the Swedish second-tier Superettan. He is 1.75 metres (5 ft 9 in) in height and plays at the point guard position.
Hyperforeignism
A hyperforeignism is a type of hypercorrection where speakers identify an inaccurate pattern in loanwords from a foreign language and then apply that pattern to other loanwords (either from the same language or a different one). This results in a pronunciation of those loanwords which does not reflect the rules of either language. For example, the ⟨n⟩ in habanero is pronounced as [n] in Spanish, but English-speakers often pronounce it as /nj/, as if the word were spelled habañero.

Hyperforeignisms can manifest in a number of ways, including the application of the spelling or pronunciation rules of one language to a word borrowed from another.

Intentional hyperforeignisms can be used for comedic effect, such as pronouncing Report with a silent ⟨t⟩ in The Colbert Report or pronouncing Target as /tɑːrˈʒeɪ/ tar-ZHAY, as though it were an upscale boutique. This form of hyperforeignism is a way of poking fun at those who earnestly adopt foreign-sounding pronunciations of pseudo-loanwords.

Voiced postalveolar affricate
A voiced palato-alveolar sibilant affricate, voiced post-alveolar affricate, or voiced domed postalveolar sibilant affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. It is familiar to English-speakers as the "j" sound in "jump".

This sound is transcribed in the International Phonetic Alphabet with ⟨d͡ʒ⟩, ⟨d͜ʒ⟩, ⟨dʒ⟩, or in some broad transcriptions ⟨ɟ⟩. There is also a ligature ⟨ʤ⟩, which has been retired by the International Phonetic Association but is still used. Alternatives used in the Americanist tradition are ⟨ǰ⟩, ⟨ǧ⟩, ⟨ǯ⟩ and ⟨dž⟩.
Rail transport in Botswana
Rail services in Botswana are provided by Botswana Railways. Service takes place on the railway spine from the South African border, through Gaborone and Francistown, up to the Zimbabwean border with offshoot routes towards Sowa, Selebi-Phikwe, and Morupule. The railway network consists of 888 km of track; its gauge is 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in) cape gauge.

Botswana is an associate member of the International Union of Railways (UIC). Botswana has the 93rd longest railway network in the world and it is one of the busiest railways in Africa.

Selebi-Phikwe
Selebi-Phikwe (also spelt Selibe Phikwe) is a mining town located in the Central District of Botswana. It had a population of 42,488 in 2022. The town is an administrative district, separate from the surrounding Central District.
Squishface Studio
Squishface Studio is a co-working space for comic artists and illustrators in South Melbourne, Australia. It was founded in Brunswick, Australia in November 2011 by Ben Hutchings, Sarah Howell, David Blumenstein, Marta Tesoro, Arran McKenna and Sacha Bryning, and formally opened to the public on January 26, 2012. As of 2024, Howell, Blumenstein and Hutchings continue to be resident artists.

Squishface is known as a community hub for comics in Australia; it is the only permanent comics maker space in the country and one of few in the world that is open to the public. It also publishes comics; three editions of the anthology Squishzine Brunstown have been released. The first won a Bronze Ledger award in 2015. It published its first book, Squishbook: Make comics with Squishface Studio and friends, in 2024.

Coworking
Coworking is an arrangement in which workers for different companies share an office space. It allows cost savings and convenience through the use of common infrastructures, such as equipment, utilities and receptionist and custodial services, and in some cases refreshments and parcel acceptance services. It is attractive to independent contractors, independent scientists, remote workers, digital nomads, and people who travel frequently. Additionally, coworking helps workers avoid the feeling of social isolation they may experience while remote working or traveling and eliminate distractions in home office. Most coworking spaces charge membership dues. Major companies that provide coworking space and serviced offices include WeWork, IWG plc, Industrious, and Impact Hub.
Cathedral College, East Melbourne
Cathedral College, East Melbourne was an all-boys, Catholic high school, run by the Congregation of Christian Brothers, and located on Victoria Parade, at the intersection of Eades Street, in East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

It was on the former site of the Christian Brothers' school, Parade College, which had been relocated to Bundoora in 1968. and St Kevin's College, which moved to Toorak in 1932.

Cathedral College operated at the Victoria Parade location from 1968 and 1995, teaching classes from year 5 to year 10 & accommodated approximately 300 boys.

It was home to the renowned St Patrick's Cathedral Choir from 1968 until the school's closure, when the choristers moved to St Kevin's College.

The Catholic Theological College currently operates on a part of the former college site, with the remainder, the original St Kevin's College building on Albert St, having been converted to apartments.

Victoria Street, Melbourne
Victoria Street is one of the major thoroughfares of inner Melbourne, running east–west for over six kilometres between Munster Terrace in North Melbourne and the Yarra River. The road is known as Victoria Parade for over one-and-a-half kilometres of its length (between the prominent intersections of Spring Street and Hoddle Street), distinguishable with a wide reservation and tramway down the middle.

Victoria Street touches the north-east corner of the Hoddle Grid at the intersection of La Trobe Street and Spring Street, opposite the Carlton Gardens. After crossing the Yarra river over Victoria Bridge the street continues as Barkers Road.

The road is well known for being an arterial road for cross-city traffic and for featuring the Queen Victoria Market, Victoria Parade hospital precinct and Melbourne's Little Saigon.
Descoteaux
Descoteaux is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bernard Descôteaux (born 1947), Canadian journalist

Joseph-Félix Descôteaux (1863–1931), Canadian politician

Matthieu Descoteaux (born 1977), Canadian ice hockey player

Norm Descoteaux (born 1948), Canadian ice hockey player

Pierre Descoteaux (born 1952), Canadian lawyer and politician

Pierre Descoteaux
Pierre Descoteaux (16 February 1952 – 9 April 2018) was a Canadian lawyer and politician from Quebec. From 2003 to 2007 he was Member of Parliament in the National Assembly of Quebec, representing the provincial electoral district of Groulx as a member of the Quebec Liberal Party.
Gross anatomy
Gross anatomy is the study of anatomy at the visible or macroscopic level. It is the counterpart to histology, which studies microscopic anatomy. Gross anatomy of the human body or other animals seeks to understand the relationship between components of an organism in order to gain a greater appreciation of the roles of those components and their relationships in maintaining the functions of life. The study of gross anatomy can be performed on deceased organisms using dissection or on living organisms using medical imaging. Education in the gross anatomy of humans includes training for most health professionals.

Microscopic scale
The microscopic scale (from Ancient Greek  μικρός (mikrós) 'small' and  σκοπέω (skopéō) 'to look (at); examine, inspect') is the scale of objects and events smaller than those that can easily be seen by the naked eye, requiring a lens or microscope to see them clearly. In physics, the microscopic scale is sometimes regarded as the scale between the macroscopic scale and the quantum scale. Microscopic units and measurements are used to classify and describe very small objects. One common microscopic length scale unit is the micrometre (also called a micron) (symbol: μm), which is one millionth of a metre.
Nicolas Burtin
Nicolas Burtin (born 15 January 1972 in Bonneville, Haute-Savoie) is a former French Alpine skier.  Burtin was a member of the French national team from 1992, and took part in 98 World Cup races in his career, of which 84 were downhill, 13 Super-G plus one giant slalom. He also competed at the 1994 Winter Olympics and the 1998 Winter Olympics.

The only victory of his career came in March 1998, when he finished first in the downhill at Kvitfjell. He also had three second-places. At the Winter Olympics at Kvitfjell in 1994 he came in seventh place. He took part in his last race in January 2006.

Nicolas' younger brother, Raphaël, is also a French national team Alpine skier.

Super-G
Super giant slalom, or super-G, is a racing discipline of alpine skiing. Along with the faster downhill, it is regarded as a "speed" event, in contrast to the technical events giant slalom and slalom. It debuted as an official World Cup event during the 1983 season and was added to the official schedule of the World Championships in 1987 and the Winter Olympics in 1988.

Much like downhill, a super-G course consists of widely set gates that racers must pass through. The course is set so that skiers must turn more than in downhill, though the speeds are still much higher than in giant slalom (hence the name). Each athlete only has one run to clock the best time. In the Olympics, super-G courses are usually set on the same slopes as the downhill, but with a lower starting point.
Peter Bonde
Peter Bonde (born 14 February 1958) is a Danish former professional footballer who most recently was manager of Næstved BK. In 2018 he became the head coach of the China women's national under-20 football team.

China women's national under-20 football team
The China women's national under-20 football team represents the People's Republic of China in international football competitions in the FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup and the AFC U-20 Women's Asian Cup, as well as any other under-20 women's international football tournaments. It is governed by the Chinese Football Association.
2022 Women's Six Nations Championship squads
The 2022 Women's Six Nations Championship was the 21st Women's Six Nations Championship, an annual rugby union competition contested by the national teams of England, France, Ireland, Italy, Scotland and Wales. England were the defending champions, having won a COVID shortened version of the tournament in 2021. There was no limit on the number of players each team may call up to play in the competition.

Note: Number of caps are indicated as of the first match of the tournament (26 March 2022).

Scotland women's national rugby union team
The Scotland women's national rugby union team represents Scotland in women's international rugby union and is governed by the Scottish Rugby Union. The team competes in the annual Women's Six National Championship and has competed in five of the Women's Rugby World Cups since their hosted debut in 1994. The Nation plays an important role in the rugby world stage.
Curcani
Curcani is a commune in Călărași County, Muntenia, Romania. It is composed of two villages, Curcani and Sălcioara.

At the 2002 census, there were 5,233 inhabitants. Of these, 65.8% were ethnic Romanians and 34.1% Roma; 99.6% were Romanian Orthodox. At the 2021 census, Curcani had had a population of 5,301; of thise, 62.03% were Romanians and 25.92% Roma.

The commune's name, meaning "turkeys", was bestowed in the aftermath of the Romanian War of Independence, and refers to a nickname given to Dorobanți troops.

Dorobanți (military unit)
The Dorobanți (Romanian pronunciation: [doroˈbantsʲ]; also referred to as Dărăbani) were a type of soldiers originating in the armies of Wallachia and Moldavia from the 16th century. They acted as both cavalry and infantry, and later also worked as a police force. From the late 19th century, the Dorobanți only acted as infantry, with the mounted Dorobanți being reorganized into Călărași units.

In 1891, the Dorobanți regiments were merged with the Line infantry regiments to form the new infantry units.
Alan Woods (political theorist)
Alan Woods (born 23 October 1944) is a British Trotskyist political theorist and author. He is one of the leading members of the Revolutionary Communist International (RCI) and was a founder of Socialist Appeal (now the Revolutionary Communist Party). He is political editor of the RCI's In Defence of Marxism website. Woods was a leading supporter within the Militant tendency within the Labour Party and its parent group the Committee for a Workers' International until the early 1990s. A series of disagreements on tactics and theory led to Woods and Ted Grant leaving the CWI, to found the Committee for a Marxist International (soon renamed International Marxist Tendency) in 1992. They continued with the policy of entryism into the Labour Party. Woods has expressed particularly vocal support for the Bolivarian Revolution in Venezuela, and repeatedly met with the Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez, leading to speculation that he was a close political adviser to the president.

Entryism
Entryism (also called entrism, enterism, infiltration, a French Turn, boring from within, or boring-from-within) is a political strategy in which an organization or state encourages its members or supporters to join another, usually larger, organization in an attempt to expand influence and expand their ideas and program. If the organization being "entered" is hostile to entryism, the entryists may engage in a degree of subterfuge and subversion to hide the fact that they are an organization in their own right.
2017 Renault UK Clio Cup
The 2017 Renault UK Clio Cup is a multi-event, one make motor racing championship held across England. The championship features a mix of professional motor racing teams and privately funded drivers competing in the Clio Renaultsport 200 Turbo EDC that conform to the technical regulations for the championship. Organised by the British Automobile Racing Club, it forms part of the extensive program of support categories built up around the British Touring Car Championship. It will be the 22nd Renault Clio Cup United Kingdom season and the 42nd of UK motorsport undertaken by Renault and Renault Sport. The first race takes place on 2 April at Brands Hatch on the circuit's Indy configuration and concluded on 1 October at the same venue, utilising the Grand Prix circuit, after eighteen races held at nine meetings.

British Touring Car Championship
The British Touring Car Championship (BTCC), officially known as the Kwik Fit British Touring Car Championship for sponsorship reasons, is a touring car racing series held each year in the United Kingdom, currently organised and administered by TOCA. It was established in 1958 as the British Saloon Car Championship and was renamed as the British Touring Car Championship for the 1987 season. It is one of the oldest, most popular and most prestigious touring car series in the world. The championship, currently running Next Generation Touring Car regulations, has been run to various national and international regulations over the years including FIA Group 2, FIA Group 5, FIA Group 1, FIA Group A, FIA Super Touring and FIA Super 2000. A lower-key Group N class for production cars ran from 2000 until 2003.
Achleitner
Achleitner is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ann-Kristin Achleitner, German economist

Arthur Achleitner (1858–1927), German writer

Friedrich Achleitner (1930–2019), Austrian architect, poet, and writer

Georg Achleitner (1806–1883), Austrian politician

Hubert Achleitner, known as "Hubert von Goisern" (born 1952), Austrian musician

Paul Achleitner (born 1956), Austrian economic manager

Hubert von Goisern
Hubert von Goisern (born Hubert Achleitner, 17 November 1952) is an Austrian singer-songwriter and world musician. With his mix of rock music and elements of traditional Volksmusik he has become a prominent exponent of the so-called New Volksmusik and Alpine Rock in Austria, Switzerland and Germany. His stage name von Goisern refers to his hometown. Hubert von Goisern has won numerous record certifications and several national and international awards.