hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Samuel Houghton
Samuel Houghton (16 August 1870 – 17 August 1920) was an English rugby union and professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1890s and 1900s. He played representative level rugby union (RU) for England and Cheshire, and at club level for Runcorn RFC, and Birkenhead Wanderers, as a fullback. and representative level rugby league (RL) for Cheshire, and at club level for Runcorn RFC, who he rejoined in January 1896, and who had switched to professional rugby league in 1895.

Cheshire Rugby Football Union
The Cheshire Rugby Football Union (CRFU) is a rugby union governing body in the historic county of Cheshire and the Isle of Man. The union is the constituent body of the Rugby Football Union (RFU) for Cheshire. The CRFU administers and organises rugby union clubs and competitions in the county and administers the Cheshire county rugby representative teams.
Fuzzy measure theory
In mathematics, fuzzy measure theory considers generalized measures in which the additive property is replaced by the weaker property of monotonicity.  The central concept of fuzzy measure theory is the fuzzy measure (also capacity, see ), which was introduced by Choquet in 1953 and independently defined by Sugeno in 1974 in the context of fuzzy integrals.  There exists a number of different classes of fuzzy measures including plausibility/belief measures, possibility/necessity measures, and probability measures, which are a subset of classical measures.

Gustave Choquet
Gustave Choquet (French: [ɡystav ʃɔkɛ]; 1 March 1915 – 14 November 2006) was a French mathematician.

Choquet was born in Solesmes, Nord. His contributions include work in functional analysis, potential theory, topology and measure theory. He is known for creating the Choquet theory, the Choquet integral and the theory of capacities.

He did postgraduate work at the École Normale Supérieure Paris where his advisor was Arnaud Denjoy. He was Professor at the University of Paris (subsequently Paris VI) from 1940 to 1984 and was also Professor at the École Polytechnique from 1960 to 1969. His honours and awards included being a Member of the Académie des Sciences, and an Officier of the Légion d’Honneur.

His students include Haïm Brezis, Gilles Godefroy, Nassif Ghoussoub, Michel L. Lapidus, and Michel Talagrand.

He was married to mathematician and mathematical physicist Yvonne Choquet-Bruhat, with whom he had a son Daniel and a daughter Geneviève. He died in Lyon in 2006.
Jack Barbalet
Jack Barbalet is an Australian sociologist. Since 2017 he has been professor of sociology at the Australian Catholic University. He was previously Chair Professor and Head of the Department of Sociology at Hong Kong Baptist University. He has held appointments at the University of Papua New Guinea, the University of Adelaide, and the Australian National University. He was professor of sociology at the University of Leicester, where he was head of department, and subsequently professorial fellow in the Centre for Citizenship and Public Policy at the University of Western Sydney.

University of Leicester
The University of Leicester (/ˈlɛstər/ ⓘ LEST-ər) is a public research university based in Leicester, England. The main campus is south of the city centre, adjacent to Victoria Park. The university's predecessor, University College, Leicester, gained university status in 1957.

The university had an income of £395.0 million in 2024/25, of which £84.9 million was from research grants, with an expenditure of £407.3 million.

The university is known for the invention of genetic fingerprinting, and for partially funding the discovery and the DNA identification of the remains of King Richard III in Leicester.
Suprabhatam (1998 film)
Suprabhatam (transl. Good Morning) is a 1998 Indian Telugu-language comedy-drama film directed by Bhimaneni Srinivasa Rao. It stars Srikanth, Raasi  and music composed by Vandemataram Srinivas. The film was a remake of the Tamil film Gopala Gopala (1996).

Srikanth (actor, born 1968)
Meka Srikanth (born 23 March 1968) is an Indian actor who is known for works predominantly in Telugu cinema. He has appeared in more than 120 films. The actor has received one state Nandi Award, and one Filmfare Award South. He has starred in films like Swarabhishekam, which won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu for 2004. Srikanth's another film Virodhi premiered at the Indian panorama section, at the 2011 International Film Festival of India. Sri Rama Rajyam also had a special screening at International Film Festival of India on 28 November 2011. He has also appeared in some other language films including Kannada, Malayalam and Tamil films.
Weir River (Massachusetts)
Weir River is a short stream and estuary that empties into Hingham Bay, part of Boston Harbor in Massachusetts, United States. The name is attributed to the location of a fishing weir in the stream. The river gives its name to a larger watershed and Weir River Farm, a park and nature reserve owned by The Trustees of Reservations.

Weir River Farm
Weir River Farm is a nature reserve located in Hingham, Massachusetts. The property is owned by The Trustees of Reservations. It is located adjacent to the Trustees-owned Whitney and Thayer Woods reservation, and the town-owned Turkey Hill property, which the Trustees manage.
2016 Budha Subba Gold Cup
The 2016 Budha Subba Gold Cup was the 18th edition of the Budha Subba Gold Cup held in Dharan and sponsored by Red Bull. Eight teams from Nepal, Bhutan and India participated in the tournament. All matches were held at the ANFA Technical  Center Dharan.

Nepalese rupee
The Nepalese rupee (नेपाली रुपैयाँ (Nepali); sign: रु; code: NPR) is the official currency and legal tender of Nepal. It is also sometimes abbreviated as N₨ or Re./Rs. informally. The rupee is subdivided into 100 paisa, although coins of lower denominations are rarely used today. It is issued and regulated by the Nepal Rastra Bank, the central bank of Nepal.

The Nepalese rupee was introduced in 1932, replacing the silver-based mohar at a rate of 2 mohar = 1 rupee. Since 1994, it has been officially pegged to the Indian rupee at a rate of रु1.60 = ₹1, having previously been pegged at रु1.45 = ₹1.

In 2024, the Nepalese rupee is accepted for domestic transactions only within Nepal and is not legally circulated outside its borders. Foreign exchange is regulated by the central bank and subject to strict limits.
1999 United Kingdom local elections
The 1999 United Kingdom local elections were held on Thursday 6 May 1999. All Scottish and Welsh unitary authorities had all their seats elected. In England a third of the seats on each of the metropolitan boroughs were elected along with elections in many of the unitary authorities and district councils.  There were no local elections in Northern Ireland.

The elections saw Labour, now in their second year of government, suffer a setback as the opposition Conservatives gained ground. The councils up for election had last been contested in 1995, which saw Labour achieve record gains and the Conservatives lose over 2,000 seats.

Unitary authority
A unitary authority is a type of local authority in New Zealand and the United Kingdom. Unitary authorities are responsible for all local government functions within their areas, or perform additional functions that elsewhere are usually performed by multiple tiers of local government.

Typically, unitary authorities cover towns or cities that are large enough to function independently of a council or other authority. An authority can be a unit of a county or combined authority.
Young Greens of Norway
Young Greens of Norway (Bokmål: Grønn Ungdom, Nynorsk: Grøn Ungdom, Northern Sami: Ruoná Nuorat, Kven: Vihriset Nuoret or GU)  is the youth league of the Norwegian Green Party. The organization was founded in 1996, and its current spokespeople (2023) are Tobias Stokkeland (since 2021) and Margit Martinsen (since 2022). The Young Greens works to promote green ideology, its mother party's political program, and youths' engagement in politics. The co-spokespersons of Young Greens of Norway are Anna Serafima Svendsen Kvam from Oslo and Ola Eian from Osen i Sør-Trøndelag. Young Greens of Norway has 780 (2022) members and 19 local groups, one in each county.

Nynorsk
Nynorsk (Urban East Norwegian: [ˈnŷːnɔʂk] ⓘ; lit. 'Modern Norwegian'  or 'New Norwegian')  is one of the two official written standards of the Norwegian language, the other being Bokmål. From 12 May 1885, it became the state-sanctioned version of Ivar Aasen's standard Norwegian language (Landsmål), parallel to the Dano-Norwegian written standard known as Riksmål. The name Nynorsk was introduced in 1929. After a series of reforms, it is still the written standard closer to Landsmål, whereas Bokmål is closer to Riksmål and Danish.

Between 10 and 15 percent of Norwegians (primarily in the west around the city of Bergen) have Nynorsk as their official language form, estimated by the number of students attending secondary schools. Nynorsk is also taught as a mandatory subject in both high school and middle school for all Norwegians who do not have it as their own language form.
Robinstown (Tyrrell)
Robinstown (Tyrrell) is a townland in Mullingar civil parish in County Westmeath, Ireland. The townland, which is 0.39 square miles (1.0 km2) in area, had no recorded population as of the 2011 census. It is named for the Tyrrell baronets.

The Royal Canal passes through the townland, and the area is bordered by Culleen Beg to the east, Mullingar and Robinstown (Levinge) to the west.

Royal Canal
The Royal Canal (Irish: An Chanáil Ríoga) is a canal originally built for freight and passenger transportation from Dublin to Longford in Ireland. It is one of two canals from Dublin to the River Shannon and was built in direct competition to the Grand Canal.  The canal fell into disrepair in the late twentieth century, but much of it has since been restored for navigation.  The length of the canal to the River Shannon was reopened on 1 October 2010, but a final spur branch, to Longford Town, remains closed.
HMS H26
HMS H26 was a British H-class submarine built by Vickers Limited, Barrow-in-Furness, as part of the Batch 3 subgroup. She was launched on 15 November 1917 and was commissioned on 29 December 1918. The submarine had a complement of twenty-two crew members.

HMS H26 was sold on 30 August 1935 in Newport.

Vickers Limited
Vickers Limited was a British engineering conglomerate. The business began in Sheffield in 1828 as a steel foundry and became known for its church bells, going on to make shafts and propellers for ships, armour plate and then artillery. Entire large ships, cars, tanks and torpedoes followed. Airships and aircraft were added, and Vickers jet airliners were to remain in production until 1965.

Financial problems following the death of the Vickers brothers were resolved in 1927 by separating Metropolitan Carriage Wagon and Finance Company and Metropolitan-Vickers, then merging the remaining bulk of the original business with Armstrong Whitworth to form Vickers-Armstrongs. The Vickers name resurfaced as Vickers plc between 1977 and 1999.
William Hicks (Royal Navy officer)
Lieutenant William Hicks (1788–1874) was a British Royal Navy officer who at the age of 16, was an aide-de-camp to Captain Israel Pellew of HMS Conqueror at the Battle of Trafalgar. His vivid accounts describing the surrender of Admiral Villeneuve's flagship Bucentaure were published in The Times. His uniform is preserved at The National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, and is said to be the only one of its type from that era.

Pierre-Charles Villeneuve
Vice-Admiral Pierre-Charles-Jean-Baptiste-Silvestre de Villeneuve (31 December 1763 – 22 April 1806) was a French Navy officer who served in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. He was in command of a Franco-Spanish fleet which was defeated by the British Royal Navy at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805.
Joyce Bender
Joyce A. Bender is the CEO, President, and founder of Bender Consulting Services, Inc. and the Bender Leadership Academy. Bender Consulting is headquartered in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and works on a national basis. Bender is an advocate for disability employment and the host of the Internet talk radio show Disability Matters with Joyce Bender on voiceamerica.com. She is the Vice Chair of the board of the American Association of People with Disabilities and Chairman of the Epilepsy Foundation of Western and Central Pennsylvania.

Carlow University
Carlow University is a private Catholic university in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. Founded in 1929 by the Sisters of Mercy, it enrolled over 2,400 students as of fall 2024. The university's athletic teams are known as the Celtics, reflecting its Irish heritage.
Vibo Marina
Vibo Marina is a port town in the province of Vibo Valentia, in the Calabria region of southern Italy. It is a frazione of the town of Vibo Valentia. It has around 10,000 inhabitants.

The town lies in the Gulf of Saint Euphemia, on the Tyrrhenian Sea. Pizzo and Bivona are nearby; other important towns near Vibo Marina are Vibo Valentia, Lamezia Terme and Tropea.

Tyrrhenian Sea
The Tyrrhenian Sea (/tɪˈriːniən, -ˈreɪ-/, tih-REE-nee-ən ,-RAY-; Italian: Mar Tirreno [mar tirˈrɛːno] or [-ˈreː-]) is part of the Mediterranean Sea off the western coast of Italy. Its namesake is from the Tyrrhenian people, identified with the Etruscans of Italy.
Erazmo Tićac
Erazmo Bernard Tićac (1904 in Žurkovo – 1968) was a Croatian shipbuilding engineer from Žurkovo near Kostrena. He worked for American Design Company George G. Sharp Inc. He is well known for being the main ship design engineer of NS Savannah, the first commercial, passenger-cargo ship of nuclear power.

NS Savannah
NS Savannah was the first nuclear-powered merchant ship, launched on July 21, 1959, two years after the Soviet ice-breaker Lenin, the first nuclear-powered civilian vessel. A demonstration project for the potential peacetime uses of nuclear energy, she was built in the late 1950s at a cost of $46.9 million (including a $28.3 million nuclear reactor and fuel core). Savannah was given the new designation "NS" for "Nuclear Ship", replacing the traditional commercial vessel prefix "SS" for "Screw Steamer", and was named after SS Savannah, the first steamship to cross the Atlantic ocean. She was funded by United States government agencies as part of President Dwight D. Eisenhower's 1955 "Atoms for Peace" program, and was in service between 1962 and 1972 as one of only four nuclear-powered cargo ships ever built.

Savannah was deactivated in 1971 and after several moves was moored at Pier 13 of the Canton Marine Terminal in Baltimore, Maryland in 2008.
Shirakiopsis indica
Shirakiopsis indica is a mangrove species in the family Euphorbiaceae. Its fruits and seeds are very poisonous and are used as a fish poison. A decoction of the root bark possesses purgative and emetic properties and is said to be used in insanity and hydrophobia.

Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae (/juːˈfɔːrbiˌeɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/), the spurge family, is a large family of flowering plants. In English, they are also commonly called euphorbias, which is also the name of the type genus of the family. Most spurges, such as Euphorbia paralias, are herbs, but some, especially in the tropics, are shrubs or trees, such as Hevea brasiliensis. Some, such as Euphorbia canariensis,: 206  are succulent and resemble cacti because of convergent evolution. This family has a cosmopolitan global distribution. The greatest diversity of species is in the tropics; however, the Euphorbiaceae also have many species in nontropical areas of all continents except Antarctica.
Bejofo
Bejofo is a town and commune (Malagasy: kaominina) in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Ambatondrazaka, which is a part of Alaotra-Mangoro Region. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 13,000 in 2001 commune census.

Primary and junior level secondary education are available in town. The majority 85% of the population of the commune are farmers, while an additional 5% receives their livelihood from raising livestock. The most important crop is rice, while other important products are maize and cassava.  Services provide employment for 8% of the population. Additionally fishing employs 2% of the population.

Alaotra-Mangoro
Alaotra-Mangoro is a region in eastern Madagascar. It borders Sofia Region in north, Analanjirofo in northeast, Atsinanana in east, Vakinankaratra in southwest, Analamanga in west and Betsiboka in northwest. The capital of the region is Ambatondrazaka, and the population was 1,255,514 in 2018. The area of the region is 31,948 km2 (12,335 sq mi).
KOTA-TV
KOTA-TV (channel 3) is a television station in Rapid City, South Dakota, United States, affiliated with ABC. It is owned by Gray Media alongside MeTV affiliate KHME (channel 23) and low-power Fox affiliate KEVN-LD (channel 7). The stations share studios on Skyline Drive in Rapid City, where KOTA-TV's transmitter is also located.

KOTA-TV operates two full-power satellite stations. KHSD-TV (channel 11) in Lead, South Dakota, serves the Black Hills proper; it can also be seen over the air in Rapid City. KSGW-TV (channel 12) in Sheridan, Wyoming, serves northern and northeast Wyoming. KHSD-TV's transmitter is located on Terry Peak near Spearfish, South Dakota, while KSGW-TV's transmitter is on Bosin Rock.

KOTA serves a large area in western South Dakota, eastern Montana, and eastern Wyoming. It calls its vast coverage area "KOTA Territory".

Lead, South Dakota
Lead (/ˈliːd/ LEED) is a city in Lawrence County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 2,982 at the 2020 census. Lead is located in western South Dakota, in the Black Hills near the Wyoming state line.
Emerin
Emerin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EMD gene, also known as the STA gene. Emerin, together with LEMD3, is a LEM domain-containing integral protein of the inner nuclear membrane in vertebrates. Emerin is highly expressed in cardiac and skeletal muscle. In cardiac muscle, emerin localizes to adherens junctions within intercalated discs where it appears to function in mechanotransduction of cellular strain and in beta-catenin signaling. Mutations in emerin cause X-linked recessive Emery–Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, cardiac conduction abnormalities and dilated cardiomyopathy.

It is named after Alan Emery.

Serine
Serine
/ˈsɪəriːn/
(symbol Ser or S) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an α-amino group (which is in the protonated −NH+3 form under biological conditions), a carboxyl group (which is in the deprotonated −COO− form under biological conditions), and a side chain consisting of a hydroxymethyl group, classifying it as a polar amino acid. It can be synthesized in the human body under normal physiological circumstances, making it a nonessential amino acid. It is encoded by the codons UCU, UCC, UCA, UCG, AGU and AGC.
Feldherrnhalle
The Feldherrnhalle ("Field Marshals' Hall") is a monumental loggia on the Odeonsplatz in Munich, Germany. Modelled after the Loggia dei Lanzi in Florence, it was commissioned in 1841 by King Ludwig I of Bavaria to honour the tradition of the Bavarian Army.

In 1923, it was the site of the brief battle that ended Hitler's Beer Hall Putsch. During the Nazi era, it served as a monument commemorating the deaths of the 15 Nazis and one bystander killed during the revolt.

Bavarian Army
The Bavarian Army (German: Bayerische Armee) was the army of the Electorate (1682–1806) and then Kingdom (1806–1918) of Bavaria. It existed from 1682 as the standing army of Bavaria until the merger of the military sovereignty (Wehrhoheit) of Bavaria into that of the German State in 1919. The Bavarian Army was never comparable to the armies of the Great Powers of the 19th century, but it did provide the Wittelsbach dynasty with sufficient scope of action, in the context of effective alliance politics, to transform Bavaria from a territorially-disjointed small state to the second-largest state of the German Empire after Prussia.
Maharram Dadashev
Maharram Akbar oglu Dadashev (Azerbaijani: Məhərrəm Əkbər oğlu Dadaşov; 15 February 1912 – 17 September 1944) was an Azerbaijani Red Army senior sergeant and a posthumous Hero of the Soviet Union. Dadashev was posthumously awarded the title on 24 March 1945 for his actions during the Second Jassy–Kishinev Offensive. Dadashev, a tank driver, reportedly killed eight German soldiers with his tank's machine gun. He was seriously wounded in a subsequent battle and died of his wounds in mid-September 1944.

Senior sergeant
A senior sergeant is often a rank of non-commissioned officer used in the armed forces of many nations. It is usually placed above sergeant.

Police in Australia and New Zealand use the rank senior sergeant as a rank above sergeant, but below an inspector. The rank is equivalent to an inspector in the London Metropolitan Police or a lieutenant in the Los Angeles Police Department.
Freedom Creek
Freedom Creek, formerly known as Runaway Negro Creek, is a stream in Chatham County, Georgia, in the United States. The creek runs along the edge of Skidaway Island State Park. The unusual former name of the creek has attracted the attention of media commentators.

Chatham County, Georgia
Chatham County (/ˈtʃætəm/ CHAT-əm) is the easternmost county in the U.S. state of Georgia, on the state's Atlantic coast. The county seat and largest city is Savannah. One of the original counties of Georgia, Chatham County was created February 5, 1777, and is named after William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham.

The U.S. Census Bureau's 2024 estimated population for Chatham County was 307,336 residents. The official 2020 U.S. census population was 295,291 residents, an increase of 11.4% from the official 2010 population of 265,128. Chatham County is the fifth-most-populous county in Georgia, and the state's most populous outside the Atlanta metropolitan area. The county is the core of the Savannah metropolitan area.
Density matrix renormalization group
The density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) is a numerical variational technique devised to obtain the low-energy physics of quantum many-body systems with high accuracy. The DMRG algorithm attempts to find the lowest-energy matrix product state wavefunction of a Hamiltonian. It was invented in 1992 by Steven R. White and it is nowadays the most efficient method for 1-dimensional systems.

Hamiltonian (quantum mechanics)
In quantum mechanics, the Hamiltonian of a system is an operator corresponding to the total energy of that system, including both kinetic energy and potential energy. Its spectrum, the system's energy spectrum or its set of energy eigenvalues, is the set of possible outcomes obtainable from a measurement of the system's total energy. Due to its close relation to the energy spectrum and time-evolution of a system, it is of fundamental importance in most formulations of quantum theory.

The Hamiltonian is named after William Rowan Hamilton, who developed a revolutionary reformulation of Newtonian mechanics, known as Hamiltonian mechanics, which was historically important to the development of quantum physics. Similar to vector notation, it is typically denoted by , where the hat indicates that it is an operator. It can also be written as  or .
Kevin Dogins
Kevin Ray Dogins (born December 7, 1972) is an American former professional football player who was a guard in the National Football League (NFL) for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers and Chicago Bears. He also was a member of the Tampa Bay Storm in the Arena Football League (AFL). He played college football for the Texas A&M–Kingsville Javelinas.

Texas A&M–Kingsville Javelinas football
The Texas A&M–Kingsville Javelinas football program is the intercollegiate American football team for the Texas A&M University–Kingsville located in the U.S. state of Texas. The team competes in the Division II and is a member of the Lone Star Conference. The school's first football team was fielded in 1929. The team plays its home games at the 15,000-seat Javelina Stadium.