hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Walto Tuomioja
Walto Wihtori Tuomioja (7 March 1888, in Parkano – 2 October 1931) was a Finnish lawyer, journalist and politician. At first active in the Young Finnish Party, he was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1924 to 1929 and again from 1930 until his death in 1931, representing the National Progressive Party. Tuomioja was the editor of Helsingin Sanomat from 1927 to 1931. He was the father of Sakari Tuomioja and the grandfather of Erkki Tuomioja.

Young Finnish Party
The Young Finnish Party or Constitutional-Fennoman Party (Finnish: Nuorsuomalainen Puolue or Perustuslaillis-Suomenmielinen Puolue) was a liberal and nationalist political party in the Grand Duchy of Finland. It began as an upper-class reformist movement during the 1870s and formed as a political party in 1894.
Type introspection
In computing, type introspection is the ability of a program to examine the type or properties of an object
at runtime.
Some programming languages possess this capability.

Introspection should not be confused with reflection, which goes a step further and is the ability for a program to manipulate the metadata, properties, and functions of an object at runtime.  Some programming languages also possess that capability  (e.g.,
Java,
Python,
Julia,
and
Go).

Computing
Computing is any goal-oriented activity that requires, benefits from, or creates computing machinery. It includes the study and experimentation of algorithmic processes, and the development of both hardware and software. Computing encompasses scientific, engineering, mathematical, technological, and social aspects. Major computing disciplines include computer engineering, computer science, cybersecurity, data science, information systems, information technology, and software engineering.

The term computing is also synonymous with counting and calculating. In earlier times, it was used in reference to the action performed by mechanical computing machines, and before that, to human computers.
R349 (South Africa)
The R349 is a Regional Route in South Africa that runs from the N2 north-east of East London in the west to the coastal towns of Kei Mouth and Morgan's Bay. The route continues on the other side of the Kei Mouth Ferry past the R409 at Centani, past the R408 at Willowvale, past the R411 at Coffee Bay, ending at the R61 14 km west of Port St Johns.

Kei Mouth
Kei Mouth (Afrikaans: Keimond) is a resort town on the southeast coast of South Africa, situated in the Wild Coast region of the Eastern Cape Province, situated 94 kilometres from the city of East London. The town is situated on the Indian Ocean coast, on the western bank of the Great Kei River, and has one of the country's three remaining car transporting pontoon river ferries.
Skeabost
Skeabost (Scottish Gaelic: Sgeitheabost) is a township, at the head of the sea loch, Loch Snizort Beag in the southern end of the Trotternish peninsula on the island of Skye in the Scottish Highlands and is in the Scottish council area of Highland. It was the birthplace of Màiri Mhòr nan Òran.

The village of Carbost lies directly east along the A850 road.

Loch Snizort
Loch Snizort (Scottish Gaelic: Loch Snìosort) is a sea loch in the northwest of the Isle of Skye between the Waternish and Trotternish peninsulas.  It is fed by the River Snizort, originating in the hills east of Bracadale. The mouth of Loch Snizort gives access to the lower Minch and contains the Ascrib Islands.

Sea fishing in Loch Snizort yields mackerel, pollock, and ling.
Jan Allen
Jan Allen (born 1952) is a Canadian curator, writer, visual artist, and assistant professor in the Department of Art History and Art Conservation, and the Cultural Studies Program, at Queen's University, in Kingston, Ontario.

Agnes Etherington Art Centre
The Agnes Etherington Art Centre is located in Kingston, Ontario, on the campus of Queen's University. The gallery has received a number of awards for its exhibitions from the Canada Council for the Arts, the Ontario Association of Art Galleries and others.
Henry Schwarzschild
Henry Schwarzschild (November 2, 1925 – June 1, 1996) was an activist for civil rights and human rights. He joined the Civil Rights Movement and became involved in the fight against capital punishment. He founded the National Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty (NCADP), served as the executive director of the Lawyer's Constitutional Defense Committee from 1964 to 1970, and headed the American Civil Liberties Union's Capital Punishment Project from 1974 to 1990.

Berea College
Berea College is a private liberal arts work college in Berea, Kentucky, United States. Founded in 1855, it was the first college in the Southern United States to be coeducational and racially integrated. It admitted non-White students from as early as 1866 until 1904, and again after 1954.

The college participates in federal work-study and work college programs that cover the remaining tuition fees after subtracting the total sum a student receives from Pell Grant, other grants, and scholarships. Most of the college's students come from southern Appalachia but students come from more than 40 states in the United States and 70 other countries. Approximately half of them identify as people of color.

Berea offers bachelor's degrees in 33 majors. It incorporates a mandatory work-study program in which students do a minimum of 10 hours per week of work for the college.
Guido Alberto Fano
Guido Alberto Fano (18 May 1875 in Padua – 14 August 1961 at Tauriano di Spilimbergo) was an Italian pianist and composer. From 1894 he was the favoured pupil of Giuseppe Martucci. In 1905 he was appointed director of the Parma Conservatory, and in 1916 he became director of the Palermo Conservatory. From 1922 he was professor of piano at the Milan Conservatory. Fano, who was of Jewish origin, was removed from this position by the Italian Fascist racial laws in 1938. He moved to Fossombrone and Assisi to survive the holocaust from 1943 to 1945. He returned to teaching 1945–47, then retired.

Italian racial laws
The Italian racial laws, otherwise referred to as the Racial Laws (Italian: Leggi Razziali), were a series of laws promulgated by the government of Benito Mussolini in Fascist Italy from 1938 to 1944 in order to enforce racial discrimination and segregation in the Kingdom of Italy. The main victims of the Racial Laws were Italian Jews and the African inhabitants of the Italian Empire.

In the aftermath of Mussolini's fall from power and the invasion of Italy by Nazi Germany, the Badoglio government suppressed the laws in January 1944. In northern Italy, they remained in force and were made more severe in the territories ruled by the Italian Social Republic until the end of the Second World War.
Richmond (novel)
Richmond, or, Scenes in the Life of a Bow Street Officer is an 1827 crime novel published anonymously and generally attributed to Thomas Gaspey. Thomas Skinner Surr has also been credited as the author. It was originally published in three volumes by Henry Colburn of New Burlington Street. It blended a depiction of the crime world of the Regency era with the fashionable silver fork novel, also functioning as an adventure novel. The protagonist Tom Richmond, a picaresque figure, joins the Bow Street Runners after a misspent youth. It forms a bridge been early-eighteenth-century crime novels such as Moll Flanders and Colonel Jack with the future development of the full detective novel.

It was published shortly before the creation of the Metropolitan Police by Robert Peel. It was part of the group of Newgate novels that lasted into the early Victorian era.

Bow Street Runners
The Bow Street Runners were the law enforcement officers of the Bow Street Magistrates' Court in the City of Westminster. They have been called London's first professional police force. The force originally numbered six men and was founded in 1749 by magistrate Henry Fielding, who was also well known as an author. His assistant, brother, and successor as magistrate, John Fielding, moulded the constables into a professional and effective force. Bow Street Runners was the public's nickname for the officers although the officers did not use the term themselves and considered  it derogatory. The group was disbanded in 1839 and its personnel merged with the Metropolitan Police, which had been formed ten years earlier but the London metropolitan detective bureau trace their origins back from there.
The brothers set up
horse patrols in 1753 which made their group much more advanced.
Roy L. McCulty
Roy Lee McCulty (September 6, 1889 – September 9, 1968) was an American World War I combat veteran, a Roane County, West Virginia businessman, a six term Republican member of the West Virginia House of Delegates from 1942 to 1954, and a Republican member of the West Virginia Senate, representing its 4th district from 1957 to 1960.

West Virginia Senate
The West Virginia Senate is the upper house of the West Virginia Legislature.
There are seventeen senatorial districts. Each district has two senators who serve staggered four-year terms. Although the Democratic Party held a supermajority in the Senate as recently as 2015, Republicans now dominate in the chamber, and hold 32 seats to the Democrats' two seats.
Wand Records
Wand Records was an American independent record label, started by Florence Greenberg in 1961 as a subsidiary of Scepter Records. Artists on Wand Records included The Isley Brothers, The Kingsmen, Mel Wynn & the Rhythm Aces, Chuck Jackson, and the Monzas.

In 1976, Greenberg retired from the business and sold her record labels to Springboard International. When Springboard went bankrupt, Gusto Records acquired the catalog. The Kingsmen acquired full ownership of their Wand catalog in court from Gusto for non-payment of royalties.

Royalty payment
A royalty payment is a payment made by one party to another that owns a particular asset, for the right to ongoing use of that asset. Royalties are typically agreed upon as a percentage of gross or net revenues derived from the use of an asset or a fixed price per unit sold of an item of such, but there are also other modes and metrics of compensation. A royalty interest is the right to collect a stream of future royalty payments.

A license agreement defines the terms under which a resource or property are licensed by one party ( party means the periphery behind it) to another, either without restriction or subject to a limitation on term, business or geographic territory, type of product, etc. License agreements can be regulated, particularly where a government is the resource owner, or they can be private contracts that follow a general structure. However, certain types of franchise agreements have comparable provisions.
Rental value
Rental value is the fair market value of property while rented out in a lease.  More generally, it may be the consideration paid under the lease for the right to occupy, or the royalties or return received by a lessor (landlord) under a license to real property.  In the science and art of appraisal, it is the amount that would be paid for rental of similar real property in the same condition and in the same area.

Economic equilibrium
In economics, economic equilibrium is a situation in which the economic forces of supply and demand are balanced, meaning that economic variables will no longer change.

Market equilibrium in this case is a condition where a market price is established through competition such that the amount of goods or services sought by buyers is equal to the amount of goods or services produced by sellers. This price is often called the competitive price or market clearing price and will tend not to change unless demand or supply changes, and quantity is called the "competitive quantity" or market clearing quantity.
Pseudobiceros bedfordi
Pseudobiceros bedfordi (common names Persian carpet flatworm and Bedford's flatworm) is a species of flatworm in the family Pseudocerotidae.

This species has two penises, which it uses to engage in penis fencing, attempting to inject sperm into its opponent in order to fertilize it, while simultaneously avoiding being fertilized by their opponent.

Penis fencing
Penis fencing is a mating behavior engaged in by many species of flatworm, such as Pseudobiceros hancockanus. Species which engage in the practice are hermaphroditic; each individual has both egg-producing ovaries and sperm-producing testes.

The flatworms "fence" using extendable two-headed dagger-like stylets.  These stylets are pointed (and in some species hooked) in order to pierce their mate's epidermis and inject sperm into the haemocoel in an act known as intradermal hypodermic insemination, or traumatic insemination.  Pairs can either compete, with only one individual transferring sperm to the other, or the pair can transfer sperm bilaterally.  Both forms of sperm transfer can occur in the same species, depending on various factors.
Ibn al-Azraq al-Fariqi
Aḥmad b. Yūsuf b. 'Alī b. al-Azraq (c. 1116/17 – c. 1176/77) was a historian and civil servant of the Artuqids and Georgians. He wrote the chronicle Tarīkh Mayyāfāriqīn wa Amid in c. 1164/65. His historical chronicle was copied and referenced by contemporary and later writers.

Vladimir Minorsky
Vladimir Fyodorovich Minorsky (Russian: Владимир Фёдорович Минорский; 5 February [O.S. 24 February] 1877 – 25 March 1966) was a White Russian academic, historian, and scholar of Oriental studies, best known for his contributions to the study of history of Iran and the Iranian peoples such as Persians, Lurs, and Kurds in addition to the Kartvelian Laz people.
Robert Miles (rugby league)
Robert Miles (born 21 August 1976) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played in 1990s and 2000s, he played in the National Rugby League (NRL) for the Sydney City Roosters, Northern Eagles and the Wests Tigers. His regular position was wing, however he also played as a centre and at fullback during his NRL career.

Wests Tigers
The Wests Tigers are an Australian rugby league football team, based in the Inner West of Sydney and South Western Sydney. The Tigers have competed in the National Rugby League (NRL) since being formed at the end of the 1999 NRL season as a joint-venture club between the Balmain Tigers and the Western Suburbs Magpies.

The Wests Tigers started playing in the 2000 NRL season and they won their maiden premiership in 2005. The club also won the final edition of the World Sevens in 2004. The club has only qualified for three finals series since their inception (2005, 2010 and 2011).

The Wests Tigers play home games at two grounds: Leichhardt Oval (the home ground of Balmain) and Campbelltown Stadium (the home ground of Western Suburbs). They are currently coached by Benji Marshall.

The interim CEO is currently Shaun Mielekamp.
Wheelchair fencing at the 2024 Summer Paralympics
Wheelchair fencing at the 2024 Summer Paralympics in Paris, France were held between 3 and 7 September. There was a total of sixteen events: eight events each for men and women. They were categories A and B and will use épée, foil and sabre swords in individual events and épée and foil in team events.

Foil (fencing)
A foil is one of the three weapons used in the sport of fencing. It is a flexible weapon of total length 110 cm (43 in) or under, rectangular in cross section, weighing under 500 g (18 oz), with a blunt tip. As with the épée, points are only scored by making contact with the tip. The foil is the most commonly used weapon in fencing.
Uclick
Uclick LLC was an American corporation (a division of Andrews McMeel Universal) selling "digital entertainment content" for the desktop, the web and mobile phones. Uclick operated several consumer websites, including the comic strip and editorial cartoon site GoComics and the puzzle and casual game sites ThePuzzleSociety.com and UclickGames.com.

Uclick content included comic strips, editorial cartoons, puzzles, casual games, manga, comic books, syndicated columns, photography and illustration. Uclick content was distributed online through consumer and news web portals such as Yahoo!, MSNBC.com, New York Times, washingtonpost.com, CNN, USA TODAY, and AOL. Comic strip and cartoon content from Uclick was available online and on mobile phones through the company's website, Uclick.com.

In July 2009, Uclick merged with Andrews McMeel's Universal Press Syndicate (UPS) to form Universal Uclick (now known as Andrews McMeel Syndication).

Illustration
An illustration is a decoration, interpretation, or visual explanation of a text, concept, or process, designed for integration in print and digitally published media, such as posters, flyers, magazines, books, teaching materials, animations, video games and films. An illustration is typically created by an illustrator. Digital illustrations are often used to make websites and apps more user-friendly, such as the use of emojis to accompany digital type. Illustration also means providing an example; either in writing or in picture form.

The origin of the word "illustration" is late Middle English (in the sense ‘illumination; spiritual or intellectual enlightenment’): via Old French from Latin illustratio(n-), from the verb illustrare.
2023–24 Horizon League men's basketball season
The 2023–24 Horizon League men's basketball season began with practices in September 2023 and ended with the 2024 Horizon League men's basketball tournament in March 2024. This was the 44th season for Horizon League men's basketball.

This was the final season for Horizon League member IUPUI as an institution. The Indiana University and Purdue University systems dissolved IUPUI at the end of the 2023–24 school year, replacing it with separate IU- and Purdue-affiliated institutions. The IUPUI athletic program transferred to the new IU Indianapolis (branded athletically as IU Indy), maintaining its NCAA Division I and Horizon League memberships.

2024 Horizon League men's basketball tournament
The 2024 Horizon League Men's Basketball Tournament was the final event of the 2023–24 men's basketball season for the Horizon League. It was held from March 5–12, 2024; first-round and quarterfinal games were played at the home courts of the higher seeds, with all remaining games at Indiana Farmers Coliseum in Indianapolis. The winner, Oakland, received the conference's automatic berth into the NCAA Tournament. The tournament was sponsored by Barbasol.
Yōkaichi, Shiga
Yōkaichi (八日市市, Yōkaichi-shi) was a city located in Shiga Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the city had an estimated population of 44,823 and the density of 852.15 persons per km2. The total area was 52.60 km2.

On February 11, 2005, Yōkaichi, along with the towns of Eigenji and Gokashō (both from Kanzaki District), and the towns of Aitō and Kotō (both from Echi District), was merged to create the city of Higashiōmi.

The city was founded on August 15, 1954.

Yokaichi is famous for the Giant Kite Festival held on the fourth Sunday in May.

Cities of Japan
A city (市, shi) is a local administrative unit in Japan. Cities are ranked on the same level as towns (町, machi) and villages (村, mura), with the difference that they are not a component of districts (郡, gun). Like other contemporary administrative units, they are defined by the Local Autonomy Law of 1947.
673d Air Base Wing
The 673d Air Base Wing is the support unit for Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson, a combination of the United States Air Force's Elmendorf Air Force Base and the United States Army's Fort Richardson.  The 2005 Base Realignment and Closure Commission called for the combination of the two installations.  The wing replaced the 673d Air Base Wing (Provisional), which had been formed in January 2009, primarily from elements of the 3d Mission Support Group.

The wing supports three Air Force wings, an Army brigade, and 55 other tenant units. It provides medical care to over 35,000 service members, dependents, Veterans Administration patients and retirees throughout Alaska (including 20% of the population of Anchorage, Alaska). The wing maintains $12.4 Billion in infrastructure encompassing more than 73,000 acres, and more than 1,500 vehicles.

Base Realignment and Closure
Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) was a process by a United States federal government commission to increase the efficiency of the United States Department of Defense by coordinating the realignment and closure of military installations following the end of the Cold War. Over 350 installations have been closed in five BRAC rounds: 1988, 1991, 1993, 1995, and 2005. These five BRAC rounds constitute a combined savings of $12 billion annually.
Eleutherodactylus oxyrhyncus
Eleutherodactylus oxyrhyncus is a species of frog in the family Eleutherodactylidae. It is endemic to Hispaniola and known from the Massif de la Hotte and Massif de la Selle, occurring in both the Dominican Republic and Haiti. The common name is rednose robber frog.

E. oxyrhyncus is threatened by habitat loss caused by logging and agriculture. It is known from the Pic Macaya and La Visite National Parks , but habitat degradation is occurring in these areas too.

La Visite National Park
La Visite National Park (French: Parc National La Visite) is one of the two largest national parks of the Republic of Haiti. La Visite is a part of the Massif de la Selle mountain range. Its highest peak is 2275 meters in elevation. The park covers approximately 11,419 hectares of land with 1897 hectares above 2000 meters in elevation, and consists mainly of pine forest, grasslands, and some montane broadleaf forest above 1,700 m (5,600 ft) elevation. The Haitian government established the La Visite National Park in 1983. The capital, Port-au-Prince, is only 22 kilometers north from the park. The northern boundary of La Visite National Park is the east-west running escarpment of the Massif de la Selle.
Bob Cooney
Robert Daniel Cooney (July 12, 1907 – May 4, 1976) was an American baseball pitcher who played for the St. Louis Browns of Major League Baseball in 1931 and 1932.

Cooney attended St. Mary's Academy in Glens Falls, New York and then Fordham University, where he rose to prominence as a pitcher for the Rams baseball team.

Fordham Rams baseball
The Fordham Rams baseball team of Fordham University in New York City has been in existence since its first game played against the now-defunct St. Francis Xavier College in Manhattan, the first collegiate baseball game played with nine-man teams as today.

The team's 4,541 wins at the conclusion of the 2021 season are the most of any NCAA Division I baseball team. The Rams have reached six NCAA Tournaments, most recently in 2019.
Nakpil
Nakpil is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Carmen Guerrero Nakpil (born 1922), Filipino writer and historian

Juan Nakpil (1899–1986), Filipino architect, teacher and community leader

Julio Nakpil (1867–1960), Philippine composer who fought in the Philippine Revolution

Carmen Guerrero Nakpil
Carmen Guerrero-Nákpil (née Carmen Francisco Guerrero; 19 July 1922 – 30 July 30 2018) was a Filipina journalist, author, historian and public servant. She was a recipient of the Southeast Asian Writer's Award.
2002 Islington London Borough Council election
The 2002 Islington Council election took place on 2 May 2002 to elect members of Islington London Borough Council in London, England. The whole council was up for election with boundary changes since the last election in 1998 reducing the number of seats by 4. The Liberal Democrats stayed in overall control of the council.

Islington London Borough Council
Islington London Borough Council, also known as Islington Council, is the local authority for the London Borough of Islington in Greater London, England. The council has been under Labour majority control since 2010. The council meets at Islington Town Hall.