hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg
Karl-Theodor Maria Nikolaus Johann Jacob Philipp Franz Joseph Sylvester Buhl-Freiherr von und zu Guttenberg (born 5 December 1971), known professionally as Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg, is a German businessman, author, journalist, podcaster, and former politician of the Christian Social Union (CSU). He served as a member of the Bundestag from 2002 to 2011, as Secretary-General of the CSU from 2008 to 2009, as Federal Minister for Economics and Technology in 2009 and as Federal Minister of Defence from 2009 to 2011.

After the discovery of extensive plagiarism in his doctoral dissertation and the decision of the University of Bayreuth to revoke his doctorate, an affair known as the Guttenberg plagiarism scandal, he resigned from all political posts in March 2011.

In 2011, Guttenberg joined the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS). Guttenberg is the chairman and a founder of Spitzberg Partners, an advisory and investment firm based in New York City.

Focus (German magazine)
Focus (stylized in all caps) is a German-language news magazine published by Hubert Burda Media. Established in 1993 as an alternative to the Der Spiegel weekly news magazine, since 2015 the editorial staff has been headquartered in Germany's capital of Berlin. Alongside Spiegel and Stern, Focus is one of the three most widely circulated German weeklies. The concept originated from Hubert Burda and Helmut Markwort, who went from being editor-in-chief to publisher in 2009 and since 2017 has been listed in the publication's masthead as founding editor-in-chief. As of March 2016 the editor-in-chief of Focus was Robert Schneider.
Plutonium(III) chloride
Plutonium(III) chloride or plutonium trichloride is a chemical compound with the formula PuCl3. It is the only stable solid chloride of plutonium, though another plutonium chloride, plutonium tetrachloride, is known in the gas phase.: 1092  It can either be found as an anhydrous solid (containing no water), or in the form of hydrates (solids containing water), such as the hexahydrate, PuCl3·6H2O.: 1100  It is used in the processing of plutonium metal: 864, 870  and in molten-salt reactors.

Plutonium(IV) oxide
Plutonium(IV) oxide, or plutonia, is a chemical compound with the formula PuO2. This high melting-point solid is a principal compound of plutonium. It can vary in color from yellow to olive green, depending on the particle size, temperature and method of production.
Mundi Shehrian
Mundi Shehrian is a village in Shahkot in Jalandhar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 32 kilometres (20 mi) from Shahkot, 40 kilometres (25 mi) from Nakodar, 53 kilometres (33 mi) from district headquarter Jalandhar and 195 kilometres (121 mi) from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by a sarpanch who is an elected representative of village as per Panchayati raj (India).

Shahkot, India
Shahkot is a small city and one of the five tehsils of Jalandhar district in Punjab, India. Shahkot is situated on Jalandhar-Moga-Barnala-Sirsa National Highway 703 (Old NH 71). Shahkot is administered by the Municipal Committee. About 176 villages belong to Shahkot tehsil.
Nothing Is Free
Nothing Is Free is the debut EP of JK Flesh, a pseudonym of English musician Justin Broadrick, and was self-released digitally by Avalanche Recordings on a pay what you want basis on 7 September 2015. It is Broadrick's third release under the JK Flesh title, following the debut studio album, Posthuman (2012), and a split album with Prurient, Worship Is the Cleansing of the Imagination (2012).

Surgeon (musician)
Anthony Child (born 1 May 1971), better known as Surgeon, is an English electronic musician and DJ. Child releases music on his own labels Counterbalance and Dynamic Tension. Established imprints, such as Tresor, Soma, and Harthouse, have also released Surgeon's original material and remixes. He has also been recognized as one of the first wave of DJs to use Ableton Live and Final Scratch to supplement his DJ sets.
Index of Earth science articles
Earth science (also known as geoscience, the geosciences or the Earth Sciences) is an all-embracing term for the sciences related to the planet Earth. It is arguably a special case in planetary science, the Earth being the only known life-bearing planet. There are both reductionist and holistic approaches to Earth science. There are four major disciplines in earth sciences, namely geography, geology, geophysics and geodesy. These major disciplines use physics, chemistry, biology, chronology and mathematics to build a quantitative understanding of the principal areas or spheres of the Earth system.

Articles related to Earth science include:

Volcanology
Volcanology (also spelled vulcanology) is the study of volcanoes, lava, magma and related geological, geophysical and geochemical phenomena (volcanism).   The term volcanology is derived from the Latin word vulcan.  Vulcan was the ancient Roman god of fire.

A volcanologist is a geologist who studies the eruptive activity and formation of volcanoes and their current and historic eruptions. Volcanologists frequently visit volcanoes, especially active ones, to observe volcanic eruptions, collect eruptive products including tephra (such as ash or pumice), rock and lava samples. One major focus of enquiry is the prediction of eruptions; there is currently no accurate way to do this, but predicting or forecasting eruptions, like predicting earthquakes, could save many lives.
Thedgonia
Thedgonia is a genus of fungi in the family Drepanopezizaceae of the order Helotiales.
They have been recorded in most places in Europe including Great Britain.

They affect plants such as Ligustrum vulgare and species of Verbascum, forming spots on the leaves.

Helotiales
Helotiales is an order of the class Leotiomycetes within the division Ascomycota. The taxonomy within Helotiales has been debated. It has expanded significantly as genomic techniques for taxonomical identification have become more commonly used. As of February 2020, the order is estimated to contain 30 accepted families, 519 genera, and 6266 species.

Helotiales is the largest order of non-stromatic discomycetes that usually, but not always, have brightly coloured apothecia. Many members of the family have obviously cup-shaped ascomata with little or no stipes. They are usually found fruiting on coarse or large wood debris as well as on other organic matter.
Part of these discomycetes are limited to a specific host range, this goes as far as to not just being limited to one particular plant, additionally 
some species need a particular part of that plant.
2003–04 CERS Cup
The 2003–04 CERS Cup was the 24th season of the CERS Cup, Europe's second club roller hockey competition organized by CERH. 19 teams from five national associations qualified for the competition as a result of their respective national league placing in the previous season. Following a preliminary phase and four knockout rounds, Reus Deportiu won its second consecutive title.

WSE Cup
The WSE Cup is an annual European club roller hockey competition organised by the World Skate Europe - Rink Hockey since 1980. It is the second most important club competition and features teams who did not qualify for the top-tier WSE Champions League. The winners of the WSE Cup earn the right to play the WSE Continental Cup against the winners of the WSE Champions League.
Car 553
Car 553 was a privately owned railroad passenger car. It operated exclusively on Metra's Union Pacific North Line in Northeastern Illinois, and was the last membership-based commuter rail car operating in the United States.

Private railroad car
A private railroad car, private railway coach, private car, or private varnish is a railroad passenger car either originally built or later converted for service as a business car for private individuals.  A private car could be added to the make-up of a train or pulled by a private locomotive, providing privacy for its passengers.  They were used by railroad officials and dignitaries as business cars, and wealthy people for travel and entertainment, especially in the United States. They were sometimes used by politicians in "whistle stop campaigns".  Pay cars with less opulent sleeping and dining facilities were used by a paymaster and assistants to transport and disburse cash wages to railway employees in remote locations without banking facilities.
ATT&CK
The Adversarial Tactics, Techniques, and Common Knowledge (ATT&CK) is a guideline for classifying and describing cyberattacks and intrusions. It was created by the Mitre Corporation and released in 2013.

Rather than examining the results of an attack (also known as indicators of compromise (IoCs)), it identifies tactics that indicate an attack is in progress. Tactics are the “why” of an attack technique.

The framework consists of 14 tactic categories, which encompass the "technical objectives" of an adversary. Examples include privilege escalation and command and control. These categories are then broken down further into specific techniques and sub-techniques.

The framework is an alternative to the cyber kill chain developed by Lockheed Martin.

Mitre Corporation
The Mitre Corporation (stylized as The MITRE Corporation and MITRE) is an American not-for-profit organization with dual headquarters in Bedford, Massachusetts, and McLean, Virginia. It manages federally funded research and development centers (FFRDCs) supporting various U.S. government agencies in the aviation, defense, healthcare, homeland security, and cybersecurity fields, among others.

MITRE formed in 1958 as a military think tank, spun out from the radar and computer research at the MIT Lincoln Laboratory. Over the years, MITRE's field of study had greatly diversified. In the 1990s, with the winding down of the Cold War, private companies complained that MITRE had an unfair advantage competing for civilian contracts; in 1996 this led to the civilian projects being spun off to a new company, Mitretek. Mitretek was renamed Noblis in 2007.
Kai Widdrington
Kai Widdrington (born 23 August 1995) is an English dancer and choreographer. 
Kai Widdrington was the south of England 1500 meter champion in 2009. 
In 2010, he was the Junior World Latin American champion. In 2012, he reached the final of the sixth series of Britain's Got Talent. Between 2017 and 2020, he was a professional dancer on the Irish version of Dancing with the Stars, and in 2021, he became a professional dancer on the BBC show Strictly Come Dancing.

Anton Du Beke
Anthony Paul Beke (born 20 July 1966), known professionally as Anton Du Beke (/duː ˈbɛk/), is a British ballroom and Latin dancer, author, singer and television presenter, best known for being a professional dancer and a judge on the BBC One celebrity dancing show Strictly Come Dancing. His professional dance partner since 1997 has been Erin Boag.

In 2009, he presented the United Kingdom version of Hole in the Wall for the BBC, replacing Dale Winton, after being a team captain in 2008. In November 2017 he released his debut studio album, From the Top, on Polydor Records. It reached number 21 on the UK Albums Chart.
2011–12 Eerste Divisie
The 2011–12 Eerste Divisie, known as Jupiler League for sponsorship reasons, was the fifty-sixth season of Eerste Divisie since its establishment in 1955. It began in August 2011 with the first matches of the season and ended in June 2012 with the nacompetitie, a promotion-and-relegation tournament also involving the 16th- and 17th-placed teams from the 2011–12 Eredivisie. The competition was won by FC Zwolle on 13 April 2012, after drawing FC Eindhoven 0–0 at home in their 32nd match of the season.

On 1 March 2012, the Dutch football federation confirmed that no team would be relegated from the league at the end of the season, after all the 2011–12 Topklasse teams had decided against being eligible for promotion to the Eerste Divisie.

2011–12 Topklasse
The 2011–12 Topklasse season was the second edition of the Dutch league since its inception in 2010. A total 32 teams competed in the league: 24 from the 2010–11 Topklasse, and the remaining eight from the 2010–11 Hoofdklasse. As usual, the competition was divided into two leagues: "Saturday" and "Sunday", who differ by the day their games are usually played.

For this season, no team was promoted to the Eerste Divisie, due to the fact all league teams declined to apply for that. Promotion to the higher tier for a Topklasse requires it to switch into full professionalism and play on Friday nights instead of either Saturday or Sunday afternoons. The league was won by Sunday champions Achilles '29 from Groesbeek, who defeated Saturday champions SV Spakenburg in a two-legged final (5–0 aggregate).
Muslim cemeteries in Singapore
Muslim cemeteries in Singapore have existed for as long as even before the colonial period. The only active Muslim cemeteries are the Pusara Aman and Pusara Abadi burial grounds in the larger Choa Chu Kang Cemetery. All other Muslim cemeteries in Singapore have either been closed for burials or have been demolished to make space for redevelopments in their respective areas.

Choa Chu Kang Cemetery
Choa Chu Kang Cemetery Complex (or Chua Chu Kang Cemetery) (Chinese: 蔡厝港坟場 Malay: Kawasan Perkuburan Choa Chu Kang) is the largest cemetery in Singapore. Located in the west of the island in close proximity to the Tengah Air Base and at the confluence of the Old Choa Chu Kang Road, Lim Chu Kang Road and Jalan Bahar, it comprises the Chinese, Christian, Ahmadiyya Jama'at, Muslim (Pusara Aman & Pusara Abadi), Parsi, Baháʼí, Jewish, Hindu and Lawn cemeteries. It is currently the only cemetery in Singapore which allows burials.

Also within its grounds, are several columbaria, including the state-run Choa Chu Kang Columbarium, and two private facilities, namely The Garden of Remembrance, a Christian columbarium and Nirvana Memorial Garden, a Buddhist facility.
Bugis Museum
The Bugis Museum (Malay: Muzium Bugis), formerly known as the Bugis Heritage is a museum established in 1982 dedicated to the Bugis people in Pontian District, Johor, Malaysia. It is the first Bugis museum in Malaysia and there are around 2,000 artifacts displayed inside, such as weapons, clothes, old coins, jewellery and pictures.

Pontian District
Pontian District (Malay: Daerah Pontian) is a district located in southwest part of the Malaysian state of Johor. It borders Batu Pahat and Kluang Districts to the north and Kulai and Johor Bahru Districts to the east.

The district is home to Tanjung Piai, the southernmost point of the Malay Peninsula and mainland Eurasia as a whole.
Portraits of Vincent van Gogh
The portraits of Vincent van Gogh (1853–1890) include self-portraits, portraits of him by other artists, and photographs—one of which is dubious—of the Dutch artist. Van Gogh's dozens of self-portraits were an important part of his œuvre as a painter. Most probably, van Gogh's self-portraits are depicting the face as it appeared in the mirror he used to reproduce his face, i.e. his right side in the image is in reality the left side of his face.

Jacob Baart de la Faille
Jacob Baart de la Faille (1 June 1886 – 7 August 1959) was a Dutch art historian and jurist best known for compiling the first catalogue raisonné of the work of Vincent van Gogh, published in 1928. The catalogue was revised and republished by an editorial committee in 1970, and this version is considered to be the definitive catalogue of van Gogh's work.

His catalogue numbers are preceded by an "'F": thus The Starry Night is designated F612.

Shortly after the publication of the original catalogue, de la Faille became involved in a major fraud affair concerning the Berlin art dealer Otto Wacker. De la Faille had certified the authenticity of 30 paintings which were later determined to be fakes.
Peptaibol
Peptaibols are biologically active peptides containing between seven and twenty amino acid residues, some of which are non-proteinogenic amino acids. In particular, they contain α-aminoisobutyric acid along with other unusual aminoacids such as ethylnorvaline, isovaline and hydroxyproline; the N-terminus is acetylated, and the C-terminal amino acid is hydroxylated to an acid alcohol. They are named pebtaibols due to them being peptides containing α-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) and ending in an alcohol. They are produced by certain fungi, mainly in the genus Trichoderma, as secondary metabolites which function as antibiotics and antifungal agents. Some are referred to as trichorzianines. They are amphipathic which allows them to form voltage-dependent ion channels in cell membranes which create holes in the membrane making them leaky and leading to the death of the cells. As of 2001, over 317 peptaibols had been identified. The most widely known peptaibol is alamethicin.

Trichoderma
Trichoderma is a genus of fungi in the family Hypocreaceae that is present in all soils, where they are the most prevalent culturable fungi. Many species in this genus can be characterized as opportunistic avirulent plant symbionts. This refers to the ability of several Trichoderma species to form mutualistic endophytic relationships with several plant species. Trichoderma species are also responsible for green mold disease in mushroom cultivation. The genomes of several Trichoderma species have been sequenced and are publicly available from the JGI.
1981 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships
The 1981 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships were held in Nottingham, Great Britain.

The men's competition consisted of six Canadian (single paddle, open boat) and nine kayak events. Three events were held for the women, all in kayak.

This was the sixteenth championships in canoe sprint.

ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships
The ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships are an international event in canoe racing, one of two top-tier Summer Olympic sport events organized by the International Canoe Federation (the other being the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships). They are usually held every non-Olympic year and have officially included paracanoe events since 2010; paracanoe-specific editions of this event (named ICF Paracanoe World Championships) are usually held in Summer Paralympic years.

Prior to November 2008, canoe sprint was known as flatwater racing.
Romanticism in Italy
Romanticism in Italy was a distinctive blend of European romantic ideals and Italian cultural traditions. It emphasized relationship with nature, emotion, imagination and individual freedom, as well as reevaluating the spiritual, religious, and historical aspects of national identity, generating a desire for political union.

Romantic culture in Italy thus played a key role in the Risorgimento, tying itself to the struggle for national unity. While sharing common ground with Romanticism elsewhere in Europe, such as opposition to the Enlightenment and Neoclassicism, Italian Romanticism developed distinctive characteristics influenced by Italy's own classical heritage and its unique political context.

Guelphs and Ghibellines
The Guelphs and Ghibellines (/ˈɡwɛlfs ... ˈɡɪbɪlaɪnz/ GWELFS ... GHIB-il-ynze, US also /-liːnz, -lɪnz/ -⁠eenz, -⁠inz; Italian: guelfi e ghibellini [ˈɡwɛlfi e ɡibelˈliːni, -fj e -]) were factions supporting the pope (Guelphs) and the Holy Roman emperor (Ghibellines) in the Italian city-states of Central and Northern Italy during the Middle Ages. During the 12th and 13th centuries, rivalry between these two parties dominated political life across Italy. The struggle for power between the Papacy and the Holy Roman Empire arose with the Investiture Controversy, which began in 1075 and ended with the Concordat of Worms in 1122.
Yuyushiki
Yuyushiki (Japanese: ゆゆ式) is a Japanese 4-panel manga series written and illustrated by Komata Mikami, which began serialization in Houbunsha's Manga Time Kirara magazine from April 2008 issue. An anime television adaptation by Kinema Citrus aired in Japan between April and June 2013. An original video animation was released on February 22, 2017. The series' name is derived from the term "yuyushiki jitai" (由々しき事態, lit. "in a serious situation").

Yonkoma
Yonkoma manga (4コマ漫画; "four cell manga" or 4-koma for short) is a comic strip format that generally consists of gag comic strips within four panels of equal size, following a structure known as kishōtenketsu.
2017 Rio Open
The 2017 Rio Open was a professional men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 4th edition of the tournament, and part of the ATP World Tour 500 series of the 2017 ATP World Tour. It took place in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil between 20 February and 26 February 2017. The women's tournament was discontinued starting this year. Second-seeded Dominic Thiem  won the singles title.

2017 ATP World Tour
The 2017 ATP World Tour was the global elite men's professional tennis circuit organized by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) for the 2017 tennis season. The 2017 ATP World Tour calendar comprised the Grand Slam tournaments (supervised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the ATP World Tour Masters 1000, the ATP Finals, the ATP World Tour 500 series, the ATP World Tour 250 series and the Davis Cup (organized by the ITF). Also included in the 2017 calendar are the Hopman Cup and the Next Gen ATP Finals, which do not distribute ranking points.
Stradella (Niedermeyer)
Stradella is a Grand Opera in five acts by Louis Niedermeyer to a libretto by Emile Deschamps and Émilien Pacini. Based on a highly romanticized version of the life of the composer Alessandro Stradella (1639–1682), it was premiered at the  Paris Opera on 3 March 1837.

Grand opera
Grand opera is a genre of 19th-century opera generally in four or five acts, characterized by large-scale casts and orchestras. The original productions consisted of spectacular design and stage effects with plots normally based on or around dramatic historic events. The term is particularly applied (sometimes specifically used in its French-language equivalent grand opéra, pronounced [ɡʁɑ̃t‿ɔpeʁa]) to certain productions of the Paris Opéra from the late 1820s to around 1860; 'grand opéra' has sometimes been used to denote the Paris Opéra itself.

The term 'grand opera' is also used in a broader application in respect of contemporary or later works of similar monumental proportions from France, Germany, Italy, and other countries.

It may also be used colloquially in an imprecise sense to refer to 'serious opera without spoken dialogue'.
Pederasty (radio program)
"Pederasty" is a program broadcast on the Australian Broadcasting Corporation's Radio National network on 14 July 1975. Hosted by Richard Neville and produced by Allan Ashbolt as an episode of Lateline (unrelated to the later ABC TV series), the show was described by the Sydney Morning Herald as featuring a "frank" interview with "three men in their thirties who admitted sex relations with boys, and a teenage boy" - he was actually 20 at the time of recording - "who said he had been involved in such relationships since he was 12". The ABC's official description of the program was: "Pederasty, as described by the Penguin English Dictionary, is the homosexual relationship of a man with a boy. The subject usually creates feelings of revulsion and disgust within most people. The issues raised by such relationships are discussed by three pederasts".

Pederasty
Pederasty (or paederasty in Commonwealth English) (/ˈpɛdəræsti/) refers to same-sex sexual relationships between an adult man and an adolescent boy; some authors also use the term to refer to same-sex female relationships with a similar age gap. Pederasty existed as a socially acknowledged and accepted practice in some premodern societies.

In most countries today, the local age of consent determines whether a person is considered legally competent to consent to sexual acts, and whether such contact is child sexual abuse or statutory rape. An adult engaging in sexual activity with a minor is considered abusive by authorities for a variety of reasons, including the age of the minor and the psychological and physical harm they may endure.