hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of Almaraz
The Battle of Almaraz was fought during the Peninsular War on 18–19 May 1812, in which the Anglo-Portuguese Army under Lord Hill destroyed a French pontoon bridge across the River Tagus, in Almaraz, Spain. The bridge was protected by two French garrisons at either end.

The action was swift-moving, deceptive, and daring. The decisive result produced a substantial improvement in the Allied position by keeping French forces separated ahead of the imminent Battle of Salamanca.

Alcántara
Alcántara (Spanish: [alˈkan.ta.ɾa] ⓘ) is a municipality in the province of Cáceres, Extremadura, Spain, on the Tagus, near Portugal. The toponym is from the Arabic word al-Qanṭarah (القنطرة) meaning "the bridge".
Marver
A marver is a tool used in glassblowing. It generally is made of a polished steel, brass, or graphite surface attached to a metal or wooden table. For fine applications such as lampworking, a smaller hand-held implement may instead be used. As a tool, marvers date back to glassblowing techniques of the Roman Empire and were made of marble.

Warm glass is rolled on the marver, both to shape it and as a means of temperature control. With a high specific heat capacity, the surface absorbs heat from the glass; because of the relatively slow flow of heat through the glass, it does so particularly from the outermost material, forming a more viscous skin.

Because the glass comes in direct contact with the marver, it must be kept exceptionally clean in order to prevent points of poor conduction or the transfer of debris into glass worked upon it. Metallic marvers are generally rubbed with steel wool and then wiped with rubbing alcohol to prevent rust.

Steel wool
Steel wool, also known as iron wool or wire sponge, is a bundle of very fine and flexible sharp-edged steel filaments. It is the most common type of wire wool and is often the type meant when wire wool is mentioned. It was described as a new product in 1896.  It is used as an abrasive in finishing and repair work for polishing wood or metal objects, cleaning household cookware, cleaning windows, and sanding surfaces.

Steel wool is made from low-carbon steel in a process similar to broaching, where a heavy steel wire is pulled through a toothed die that removes thin, sharp, wire shavings.
Robert Byng (16th-century MP)
Robert Byng (by 1530–1595) was the eldest son of John Byng of Wrotham and Agnes Spencer. He was twice elected to Parliament, representing Steyning in 1555 and Abingdon in 1559. The latter seat was probably gained through the influence of his first wife's stepfather Sir John Mason.

He married twice. His first wife, Frances Hill, was the daughter of Richared Hill of Hartley Wintney with whom he had three sons, including his heir George Byng. His second wife was Mary Maynard, with whom he had three sons and a daughter. One of them was the son William Byng Archived 12 May 2021 at the Wayback Machine (1586–1669), Captain of Deal Castle 1611–1642. Robert Byng died on 2 September 1595.

Abingdon (UK Parliament constituency)
Abingdon was a parliamentary constituency in England, represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of England until 1707, then of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800 and of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1885. It elected one Member of Parliament (MP) from 1558 until 1983, making it one of the few English constituencies in the unreformed House of Commons to elect only one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election.
Soheila Jolodarzadeh
Soheila Jolodarzadeh (Persian: سهیلا جلودارزاده) is an Iranian reformist politician who was a member of the Parliament of Iran representing Tehran, Rey, Shemiranat and Eslamshahr electoral district. Jolodarzadeh is the first woman to be elected as a "Secretary of the Board of Parliament of Iran" in the history of Islamic Republic.

She is member of several reformist parties, including Worker House, Islamic Labour Party, Islamic Assembly of Ladies and Association of the Women of the Islamic Republic.

Iranian reformists
The Reformists (Persian: اصلاح‌طلبان, romanized: Eslâh-Talabân) are an Islamic liberal political faction in Iran. Iran's "reform era" is sometimes said to have lasted from 1997 to 2005—the length of President Mohammad Khatami's two terms in office. The Council for Coordinating the Reforms Front is the main umbrella organization and coalition within the movement; however, there are reformist groups not aligned with the council, such as the Reformists Front. Masoud Pezeshkian, a reformist, was elected president following the 2024 Iranian presidential election, and was subsequently confirmed by Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei on 28 July.
Sample preparation equipment
Sample preparation equipment refers to equipment used for the preparation of physical specimens for subsequent microscopy or related disciplines - including failure analysis and quality control. The equipment includes the following types of machinery:

Precision cross-sectioning saws

Precision lapping & polishing machines

Selected Area Preparation Systems

Decapsulation machinery (using mechanical, chemical/ 'jet etching' acid, laser and plasma methodologies)

Focused ion beam (FIB) systems

Anti-reflective coating systems

Dimpling equipment

Sputter coating equipment

Carbon and metal evaporation systems

Each of these system types incorporates a wealth of accessories and consumable items which fit the particular system for a specific application.

Quality control
Quality control (QC) is a process by which entities review the quality of all factors involved in production. ISO 9000 defines quality control as "a part of quality management focused on fulfilling quality requirements".

This approach places emphasis on three aspects (enshrined in standards such as ISO 9001):

Elements such as controls, job management, defined and well managed processes, performance and integrity criteria, and identification of records

Competence, such as knowledge, skills, experience, and qualifications

Soft elements, such as personnel, integrity, confidence, organizational culture, motivation, team spirit, and quality relationships.

Inspection is a major component of quality control, where physical product is examined visually (or the end results of a service are analyzed). Product inspectors will be provided with lists and descriptions of unacceptable product defects such as cracks or surface blemishes for example.
Mariana Cifuentes
Mariana Cifuentes (born 18 May 1987) is a retired Mexican synchronized swimmer. She competed in the women's duet at the 2008 Summer Olympics as well as three editions of the Central American and Caribbean Games, where she won a total of eight gold medals. She also took part in two Pan American Games and won the bronze medal in the 2014 FINA Synchronized Swimming World Cup in the Team Highlight event.  After a career of 18 years, she retired in 2015. She is part of the Sports Hall of Fame of the state of Jalisco, being admitted in 2018

Central American and Caribbean Games
The Central American and Caribbean Games (CAC or CACGs) are a multi-sport regional championship event, held quadrennial (once every four years), typically in the middle (even) year between Summer Olympics. The games are for 32 countries and five territories in Central America, the Caribbean (Caribbean Countries), Mexico, and the South American Caribbean countries of Colombia, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela.

The games are overseen by Centro Caribe Sports (formerly CACSO). They are designed to provide a step between sub-CACG-region Games held the first year following a Summer Olympics (e.g. Central American Games) and the Continental Championships, the Pan American Games, held the year before the Summer Olympics.

The last Games were held in San Salvador between 23 June to 8 July 2023. The next Games will be held in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic as main host in 2026.
Battle of Yiling (208)
The Battle of Yiling was fought between the warlords Sun Quan and Cao Cao in 208 in the late Eastern Han dynasty. The battle was an integral part in the Red Cliffs campaign, as it was fought immediately after the major engagement at Wulin (烏林; in present-day Honghu, Hubei) during the Battle of Red Cliffs. The Battle of Yiling was also the prelude to the subsequent Battle of Jiangling.

Cao Ren
Cao Ren (pronunciationⓘ) (168 – 6 May 223), courtesy name Zixiao, was a military general serving during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China under the warlord Cao Cao, who was also his older second cousin. He continued serving in the state of Cao Wei – founded by Cao Cao's son and successor, Cao Pi – during the Three Kingdoms period. He played a significant part in assisting Cao Cao in the civil wars leading to the end of the Han dynasty. He was appointed as the Grand Marshal (大司馬) when Cao Pi ascended the throne, and was also credited by the latter for the establishment of Wei. However, Cao Ren was also once derided as a mediocre commander by Zhu Huan, a general from Wei's rival state Eastern Wu.
José Mukendi
José Mukendi Tshilumba (born 1961 in Zaire) (sometimes spelled Mokendi) played international football for Zaire and club football for Derry City and Finn Harps. He died in London in 2006 at the age of 45.

His son, Marc, played for Derry, Finn Harps and Coleraine.

Coleraine F.C.
Coleraine Football Club is a professional Northern Irish football club, playing in the NIFL Premiership, the highest level of the Northern Ireland Football League.

The club, founded in 1927 hails from Coleraine, County Londonderry, and plays its home matches at The Showgrounds. Club colours are blue and white. The club won the Irish League title once (in 1973–74) and the Irish Cup on six occasions, most recently in 2017–18. They are also the only Irish League club to have won two successive all-Ireland competitions, lifting the Blaxnit Cup in 1969 and 1970. The club share a rivalry with Ballymena United.
Steve Myhra
Steve Myhra (pronounced "MY-ruh") (April 2, 1934 – August 4, 1994) was an American professional football player who a kicker, guard, and linebacker for five seasons with the Baltimore Colts of the National Football League (NFL).

Myhra played college football for the Minnesota Golden Gophers before transferring to the North Dakota Fighting Sioux (now Fighting Hawks) in 1955 to play his final two seasons. He was named by the Associated Press to the 1955 and 1956 Little All-America first teams and was voted Most Valuable Player of the North Central Conference by the league's coaches in 1956.

Myhra is best remembered for a critical field goal made with 7 seconds remaining in the 1958 NFL Championship Game that forced the first sudden death overtime in NFL history in what became known as "The Greatest Game Ever Played."

Minnesota Golden Gophers football
The Minnesota Golden Gophers football team represents the University of Minnesota in college football at the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision level. Founded in 1882, Minnesota has been a member of the Big Ten Conference since its inception in 1896 as the Western Conference. The Golden Gophers claim seven national championships, including four (1936, 1940, 1941, and 1960) from the major wire-services: AP Poll and/or Coaches' Poll.

Since 2009, the Golden Gophers have played all their home games at Huntington Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The team is currently coached by P. J. Fleck.
Bath (village), New York
Bath is a village in and the county seat of Steuben County, New York, United States. The population was 5,786 at the 2010 census. The village is located in the town of the same name, northwest of Elmira and west of Tyrone.

The community was named either for the English city of Bath, Somerset, or for Lady Laura Pulteney, 1st Countess of Bath and daughter of Sir William Pulteney, one of the original landowners.  Bath is the location of the Bath VA Medical Center (former old soldiers' home), Bath National Cemetery, and the Steuben County Fair, the oldest continuous fair in the United States.

Old soldiers' home
An old soldiers' home is a military veterans' retirement home, nursing home, or hospital, or sometimes an institution for the care of the widows and orphans of a nation's soldiers, sailors, and marines, etc.
Pasumpahan
Pasumpahan is an island in the sub-district of Bungus, West Sumatra Province, Indonesia. The island is uninhabited.

Located 200 meters from Sikuai Island, tourism sites in Pasumpahan include white sand beaches and coral reefs.

1°07′06″S 100°22′04″E﻿ / ﻿1.11833°S 100.36778°E﻿ / -1.11833; 100.36778

Islands portal

Sikuai
Sikuai is an island in the sub-district of Bungus Teluk Kabung, City of Padang, West Sumatra Province, Indonesia.

The island is located about a half mile from the center of Padang and can be achieved using marine transportation such as ships, approximately 35 minutes from port of Muara Padang.
Tiny Glacier
Tiny Glacier is located in the Wind River Range, Bridger-Teton National Forest, in the U.S. state of Wyoming. The glacier is situated in a north-facing cirque immediately west of the Continental Divide.

Bridger–Teton National Forest
Bridger–Teton National Forest is located in western Wyoming, United States. The forest consists of 3.4 million acres (14,000 square kilometers), making it the third largest National Forest outside Alaska. The forest stretches from Yellowstone National Park, along the eastern boundary of Grand Teton National Park and from there rides along the western slope of the Continental Divide to the southern end of the Wind River Range. The forest also extends southward encompassing the Salt River Range and Wyoming Range mountains near the Idaho border.
Faiyaz Ahmad
Faiyaz Ahmad is an Indian politician belonging to Rashtriya Janata Dal, he is member of the Rajya Sabha from Bihar since May 2022. He had been elected two consecutive terms as a Member of Bihar Legislative Assembly from Bisfi 2010 and 2015. He is an educationist and founder of Madhubani Medical College and Hospital. The Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD) announced Faiyaz Ahmad as the party's candidate for the upcoming Rajya Sabha elections.

Rashtriya Janata Dal
The Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD, lit. 'National People's Party') is an Indian political party, mainly based in the state of Bihar. The party was founded in 1997 by Lalu Prasad Yadav.

The party's support base has traditionally been Other Backward Classes, Dalits and Muslims and it is considered a political champion of the lower castes. In 2008, RJD received the status of recognized national level party following its performance in north-eastern states. RJD was derecognised as a national party on 30 July 2010. Leading the Mahagathbandhan alliance with 35 MLAs, it is currently the official opposition in Bihar. RJD is part of Ruling Government in Jharkhand and Kerala with its allies in Mahagathbandhan (Jharkhand) and LDF respectively.
Olga Mohr
Olga Mohr (1905–1955) was an American artist who worked in various mediums including painting, ceramics and weaving. She was one of the WPA′s Section of Fine Arts artists and created the post office mural for Stilwell, Oklahoma. She was also in charge of the Federal Art Project for the Cincinnati public schools and was the only female member of the New Group of Cincinnati Artists, who studied and exhibited modern art in Ohio during the decade preceding World War II.

United States post office murals
United States post office murals are notable examples of New Deal art produced during the years 1934–1943.

They were commissioned through a competitive process by the United States Department of the Treasury. Some 1,400 murals were created for federal post office buildings in more than 1,300 U.S. cities. Murals still extant are the subject of efforts by the U.S. Postal Service to preserve and protect them.

In 2019, the USPS issued a sheet of 10 Forever stamps commemorating the murals; the murals were from the post offices of Piggott, AR; Anadarko, OK; Florence, CO; Deming, NM; and Rockville, MD.
Jules Bourcier
Claude Marie Jules Bourcier (French pronunciation: [klod maʁi ʒyl buʁsje]; 19 February 1797 – 9 March 1873) was a French naturalist and expert on hummingbirds.

Bourcier was born in Cuisery, Saône-et-Loire. He was the mayor of Millery, Rhône from 1832 to 1837, and he was the French consul to Ecuador from 1849 to 1850. In 1857, he became a corresponding member of the Société linnéenne de Lyon.

Bourcier named a number of new hummingbird species, either alone or with other ornithologists, such as Adolphe Delattre and Martial Etienne Mulsant.

The following hummingbird species bear his name:

Colibri de Bourcier (Polyonymus caroli), described by Bourcier in 1847;

Phaethornis bourcieri, described by René Primevère Lesson in 1832.

A species of South American snake, Saphenophis boursieri, was named in his honor by Giorgio Jan in 1867. The terrestrial mollusk genus Bourciera was named after him, based on specimens he collected for Louis Pfeiffer.

He died in Batignolles, Paris, in 1873.

Giorgio Jan
Giorgio Jan (21 December 1791 in Vienna – 8 May 1866, Milan) was an Italian taxonomist, zoologist, botanist, herpetologist, and writer. He is also known as Georg Jan or Georges Jan. He was the first director of the natural history museum at Milan.
Exoès
Exoès is a French company based in the city of Gradignan in the region of Bordeaux. Exoès was founded by Arnaud Desrentes, Rémi Daccord, and Thiébaut Kientz. It targets renewable energy and energy efficiency. It specializes in the transformation of heat into power, such as mechanical or electric energy via the Rankine cycles. The company is supported by BPI France, ADEME, the European funds (FEDER), the French Ministry of Higher Education and Research, and the Aquitaine and Poitou-Charentes regions.

Heat
In thermodynamics, heat is defined as the form of energy crossing the boundary of a thermodynamic system by virtue of a temperature difference across the boundary. A thermodynamic system does not contain heat. Nevertheless, the term is also often used to refer to the thermal energy contained in a system as a component of its internal energy and that is reflected in the temperature of the system.

Calorimetry is measurement of heat by its effect on the states of interacting bodies, for example, by the amount of ice melted or by change in temperature of a body.

In the International System of Units (SI), the unit of measurement for heat is the joule (J).
2000–01 Israeli Noar Leumit League
The 2000–01 Israeli Noar Leumit League was the seventh season since its introduction in 1994. It is the top-tier football in Israel for teenagers between the ages 18–20.

Maccabi Tel Aviv won the title, whilst Bnei Yehuda and Hapoel Ra'anana were relegated.

Israeli Noar Premier League
The Israeli Noar Premier League (Hebrew: ליגת העל לנוער, Ligat Ha'al LeNoar, lit. Youth Super League) is the top division in the Israeli football league system for teenagers between the ages 18–20. From 1994 to 2011, it was called Israeli Noar Leumit League. The league is a continuation of the previous youth league system, established in 1941.
Sidney Clute
Sidney Richard Clute (April 21, 1916 – October 2, 1985) was an American film and television actor. He was notable for playing Detective Paul La Guardia in 57 episodes of the American police procedural drama Cagney & Lacey (1982–85). He also played Detective Simms in 10 episodes of McCloud.

Clute guest-starred in numerous television programs including Hawaii Five-O, Emergency!, The Rockford Files, Kolchak: The Night Stalker, All in the Family, Adam-12 and The Mary Tyler Moore Show. He also appeared in a few episodes of Lou Grant, Wagon Train, Hogan's Heroes, My Three Sons and Cannon. Clute died on October 2, 1985, of cancer at the St. George Hospital in Los Angeles, California, at the age of 69.

Hawaii Five-O (1968 TV series)
Hawaii Five-O is an American police procedural drama series produced by CBS Productions and created by Leonard Freeman. Set in Hawaii, the show aired for 12 seasons on CBS from September 20, 1968, to April 5, 1980. The show starred Jack Lord as Detective Captain Stephen "Steve" McGarrett, the head of a fictional state police task force in Hawaii. The theme music composed by Morton Stevens became especially popular. Many episodes in the series would end with McGarrett's catchphrase, "Book 'em, Danno!"

At the airing of its finale, it was the longest-running police drama in American television history, and the last scripted primetime show that debuted in the 1960s to leave the air.
Taylor, Missouri
Taylor is an unincorporated community in northeastern Marion County, Missouri, United States. Taylor is located at the northern junction of U.S. Routes 24 and 61, approximately five miles west of Quincy, Illinois and eight miles north of Palmyra. The community is part of the Hannibal Micropolitan Statistical Area.

A post office called Taylor has been in operation since 1873. The community was named after Captain John Taylor, the proprietor of a local mill.

Quincy, Illinois
Quincy (/ˈkwɪnsi/ KWIN-see) is a city in Adams County, Illinois, United States, and its county seat. Located on the Mississippi River, the population was 39,463 as of the 2020 census, down from 40,633 in 2010. The Quincy micropolitan area had 114,649 residents.

Known as Illinois's "Gem City", Quincy was a thriving transportation center as riverboats and rail service linked the city to many destinations west and along the river during the 19th century. It was Illinois' second-largest city, surpassing Peoria in 1870. The city has several historic districts, including the Downtown Quincy Historic District and the South Side German Historic District, which display the architecture of Quincy's many German immigrants from the late 19th century.
Cislago
Cislago (Western Lombard: Cislagh [tʃiˈzlaːk]) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Varese in the Italian region of Lombardy, located about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northwest of Milan and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) southeast of Varese. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 9,118 and an area of 10.9 square kilometres (4.2 sq mi).

The municipality of Cislago contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Massina, Santa Maria, and Cascina Visconta.

Cislago borders the municipalities of Gerenzano, Gorla Minore, Limido Comasco, Mozzate, Rescaldina, Turate.

Province of Varese
The province of Varese (Italian: provincia di Varese) is a province in the Lombardy region of Italy. Its capital is Varese, but the largest city is Busto Arsizio. The headquarters of AgustaWestland, the company merged into Leonardo since 2016 and the world's largest producer of helicopters, is based in Samarate, a comune (municipality) of the province. The province has 139 municipalities.

It has a population of 881,907 in an area of 1,198.11 square kilometres (462.59 sq mi), making it the 6th most densely populated province of Italy.
27th Infantry Brigade Combat Team (United States)
The 27th Infantry Brigade Combat Team ("Empire") is an infantry brigade combat team of the New York Army National Guard, one of the brigades that make up the 42nd Infantry Division.

The stated mission of the 27th Infantry Brigade is to maintain a manned, trained and equipped force capable of rapid deployment to any area within New York to aid civil authorities. The 27th Infantry Brigade Combat Team is also tasked with overseas deployment missions and must be capable to respond to any threat, foreign or domestic.

Task Force Phoenix
Task Force Phoenix, or more properly known as Combined Joint Task Force Phoenix (CJTF Phoenix), was an international military formation. It was organized by the United States Central Command (CENTCOM) in 2003-2004 to train and mentor the newly created Afghan National Army/Afghan National Security Forces (ANSF) to establish and maintain law and order throughout Afghanistan using Embedded Training Teams (ETTs).