hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dezak, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari
Dezak (Persian: دزک) is a village in Kiar-e Sharqi Rural District of Kiar-e Sharqi District in Kiar County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, Iran, serving as capital of both the district and the rural district.

Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province
Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province (Persian: استان چهارمحال و بختیاری) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its capital is the city of Shahr-e Kord. The province lies in the southwest of the country, with an area of 16,332 square kilometers.

The province was classified as part of Region 2 upon the division of the provinces into 5 regions solely for coordination and development purposes on June 22, 2014.

Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province lies in the heart of the Zagros Mountains, a mountain range that stretches across north-western Iran and forms a natural barrier between Iran and Iraq.
Ilha Grande de Gurupá
Ilha Grande de Gurupá is a large river island of the Amazon River delta. It lies in the Brazilian state of Pará, west of Marajó and near the confluence of the Amazon and the Xingu. The island has an area of 4,864 square kilometres (1,878 sq mi).

This island is part of the Marajó Archipelago.

Marajó Archipelago
The Marajó Archipelago (Portuguese: arquipélago do Marajó) is the largest fluvial-maritime archipelago on Earth. Located in the Brazilian states of Amapá and Pará, the island group has approx. 2,500 islands.

The main island of the archipelago also has the name of Marajó, having about 42,000 km² of area, considered, due to its size, as the largest coastal island in Brazil, extending from the mouth of the Amazon River, between the Line of the Equator and the parallel 1.55º south latitude and, in the E/W direction between the meridians 47º and 53º west longitude, until the Atlantic Ocean.

The aquatic and forming limits of the archipelago are: the Atlantic Ocean (north); Marajó Bay (east); the Pará River estuary complex (south), and; the Amazon Delta (west).
Statue of Wojciech Korfanty
The statue of Wojciech Korfanty (Polish: Pomnik Wojciecha Korfantego) is a bronze statue in Warsaw, Poland, within the neighbourhood of Ujazdów, within the district of Downtown. It is placed near the Royal Route, at the intersection of Ujazdów Avenue and Agrykola Street, at the entrance to the University of Warsaw Botanical Garden. The monument is dedicated to Wojciech Korfanty, a 19th- and 20th-century activist, journalist and politician, and a parliamentary member, best known as the advocate for incorporation of the Upper Silesia into Poland. The statue was designed by Karol Badyna, and unveiled on 25 October 2019.

Wojciech Korfanty
Wojciech Korfanty (IPA: [ˈvɔjt͡ɕɛx kɔrˈfantɨ]; born Adalbert Korfanty; 20 April 1873 – 17 August 1939) was a Polish activist, journalist and politician, who served as a member of the German parliaments, the Reichstag and the Prussian Landtag, and later, in the Polish Sejm. Briefly, he also was a paramilitary leader, known for organizing the Polish Silesian Uprisings in Upper Silesia, which after World War I was contested by Germany and Poland. Korfanty fought to protect Poles from discrimination and the policies of Germanisation in Upper Silesia before the war and sought to join Silesia to Poland after Poland regained its independence. His assessment varies, while in Poland he is viewed as a freedom fighter, in Germany he was viewed as a nationalist and coup leader.
Elias Salomon Nathan
Elias Salomon Nathan (17 May 1807 – 5 July 1862) was a German author and physician.

He was born in Eutin, Duchy of Oldenburg, to Caroline (née Warrisch) and Salomon Aaron Nathan. He studied medicine at the University of Kiel, receiving his M.D. in 1830. He took part in the Polish campaign, and afterward settled in Hamburg as a physician.

In addition to his literary activity in medical science, he devoted himself to Jewish learning. Under the pseudonym "Dr. Essenna" he translated Joseph Salvador's Histoire des institutions de Moïse et du peuple hébreu into German, with an introduction by Gabriel Riesser. Under the same pseudonym he published Gedanken aus dem Tagebuche eines Juden über die Drei Grossen Propheten der Europäischen Geschichte.

Duchy of Oldenburg
The Duchy of Oldenburg (German: Herzogtum Oldenburg), named for its capital, the town of Oldenburg, was a state in the north-west of present-day Germany.

On the death of Count Anthony Günther in 1667, the county of Oldenburg was inherited by King Frederick III of Denmark, a member of the Danish line of the House of Oldenburg. In 1773, the Treaty of Tsarskoye Selo transferred the county to Frederick August I of the junior Holstein-Gottorp branch. Subsequently, the county was elevated to a duchy.

After annexation by the French Empire in 1810, the duchy was restored as a grand duchy in 1815. Duke Peter I assumed the title of Grand Duke of Oldenburg in 1823.

Over time, the House of Oldenburg came to rule in Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Greece and Russia. The heir of a junior line of the Greek branch, through Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, hold the thrones of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms after the passing of Queen Elizabeth II.
Waste Lands Ordinance
The Waste Lands Ordinance No.1 of 1897 also known as the Waste Lands Ordinance was an ordinance by the British Colonial Government of Ceylon to consolidate and reinforce the Crown Lands Ordinance of 1840 that introduced crown lands. The Waste Lands Ordinance defined any land classified as “forest, waste, unoccupied, or uncultivated” as crown land, unless proven otherwise. This provision effectively expropriated communal resources such as village commons and chena fields, leading up to the Kandyan Uprising of 1848. Under the new law, Government Agent and after 1903, officials from the Land Settlement Department were granted authority to adjudicate claims to waste lands.  It was repealed by the Land Settlement Ordinance of 1931.

Crown land
Crown land, also known as royal domain, is a territorial area belonging to the monarch, who personifies the Crown. It is the equivalent of an entailed estate and passes with the monarchy, being inseparable from it. Today, in Commonwealth realms, Crown land is considered public land and is not part of the monarch's private estate.
Harry DeWolf
Vice Admiral Henry George DeWolf CBE, DSO, DSC, CD (26 June 1903 – 18 December 2000) was a Canadian naval officer who was famous as the first commander of the destroyer HMCS Haida during the Second World War. He helped destroy 14 German ships or submarines in the period before, during and immediately after the Invasion of Normandy. He was the most decorated naval officer in the Royal Canadian Navy (RCN) in that war. During that time, he and the crew of Haida were remembered for trying to save the crew of Haida's sister ship, HMCS Athabaskan, in early May 1944 after the vessel sank. After the Second World War, he commanded Canada's first aircraft carriers, HMCS Warrior and HMCS Magnificent. In the wake of 42 years of service, he retired in the early 1960s from the RCN. He aided in the plan to conserve Haida and was present in Toronto when the ship was handed over officially to civilians to become a memorial/museum ship in the 1960s.

Distinguished Service Cross (United Kingdom)
The Distinguished Service Cross (DSC) is a third-level military decoration awarded for gallantry during active operations against the enemy at sea to officers; and, since 1993, ratings and other ranks of the British Armed Forces, Royal Fleet Auxiliary and the British Merchant Navy have been eligible. The award was formerly also awarded to members of armed forces of other Commonwealth countries.

The DSC is "awarded in recognition of an act or acts of exemplary gallantry during active operations against the enemy at sea." Since 1979, it can be awarded posthumously.
Ochrosia ackeringae
Ochrosia ackeringae  is a species of flowering plant in the family Apocynaceae that is found in the Malesian region in coastal rainforest or strand vegetation. The specific epithet honours the collector of one of the syntypes.

Syntype
In biological nomenclature, a syntype is any one of two or more biological types that is listed in a description of a taxon where no holotype was designated. Precise definitions of this and related terms for types have been established as part of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature and the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants.
Temperance (tarot card)
Temperance (XIV) is one of the 22 Major Arcana cards in Tarot decks. It is usually numbered 14. It depicts a figure which represents the virtue Temperance. Along with Justice and Strength, it is one of three Virtues which are given their own cards in traditional tarot. It is used in both game playing and in divination.

Tarot card games
Tarot games are card games played with tarot packs designed for card play and which have a permanent trump suit alongside the usual four card suits. The games and packs which English-speakers call by the French name tarot are called tarocchi in the original Italian, Tarock in German and similar words in other languages.

Tarot games are increasingly popular in Europe, especially in France where French tarot is the second most popular card game after Belote. In Austria, Tarock games, especially Königrufen, have become widespread and there are several major national and international tournaments each year. Italy, the home of tarot, remains a stronghold. Games of the tarot family are also played in Hungary, Slovenia, Liechtenstein, Czechia, Slovakia, Switzerland, Denmark, south Germany and south Poland.
Summit, Missouri
Summit is an unincorporated community in eastern Washington County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.

The community is situated on a ridge (elevation 1007 feet) at the intersection of Missouri Route 8 and the Missouri Pacific Railroad line. Potosi is approximately 4.5 miles to the northwest on Route 8.

Missouri Pacific Railroad
The Missouri Pacific Railroad (reporting mark MP), commonly abbreviated as MoPac, was one of the first railroads in the United States west of the Mississippi River. MoPac was a Class I railroad growing from dozens of predecessors and mergers. In 1967, the railroad operated 9,041 miles of road and 13,318 miles of track, not including DK&S, NO&LC, T&P, and its subsidiaries C&EI and Missouri-Illinois.

Union Pacific Corporation, the parent company of the Union Pacific Railroad, agreed to buy the Missouri Pacific Railroad on January 8, 1980. Lawsuits filed by competing railroads delayed approval of the merger until September 13, 1982. After the Supreme Court denied a trial to the Southern Pacific, the merger took effect on December 22, 1982. However, due to outstanding bonds of the Missouri Pacific, its full merger into the Union Pacific Railroad did not become official until January 1, 1997.
Pidakala War
The Pidakala War is a local Hindu folklore-based annual cow dung fight held in the village of Kairuppala, near Aspari in Kurnool district, Andhra Pradesh, India.

According to the village folklore, before a marriage between the goddess Bhadrakali and god Virabhadra, there was a dispute. At one point, villagers supporting Bhadrakali began throwing cow dung at Virabhadra, and villagers supporting Virabhadra responded with cow dung as well. The fight lasted for about an hour before the leaders of the village settled the situation and the marriage between the two gods was held.

Similarly, the village is split into two sides representing various Hindu and Muslim communities. This celebration is assumed to have started in this village based on local traditions and is locally regarded as good for health.

Hindu mythology
Hindu mythology refers to the collection of myths associated with Hinduism, derived from various Hindu texts and traditions. These myths are found in sacred texts such as the Vedas, the Itihasas (the Mahabharata and the Ramayana), and the Puranas. They also appear in regional and ethnolinguistic texts, including the Bengali Mangal Kavya and the Tamil Periya Puranam and Divya Prabandham. Additionally, Hindu myths are also found in widely translated fables like the Panchatantra and the Hitopadesha, as well as in Southeast Asian texts influenced by Hindu traditions.
Line filter
A line filter (aka EMC filter, EMI filter, RFI filter) is an electronic filter that is placed between the mains electricity input and internal circuitry of electronic equipment to attenuate conducted radio frequencies radio frequency interference (RFI), also known as electromagnetic interference (EMI). Often it is either integrated into the power entry module or as a separate module (similar to the photo).

Attenuator (electronics)
An attenuator is a passive broadband electronic device that reduces the power of a signal without appreciably distorting its waveform.

An attenuator is effectively the opposite of an amplifier, though the two work by different methods. While an amplifier provides gain, an attenuator provides loss, or gain less than unity. An attenuator is often referred to as a "pad" in audio electronics.
Dova Superiore
Dova Superiore is an Italian frazione in Cabella Ligure in the province of Alessandria in Gordenella valley, a tributary of the Borbera river.  The hamlet is 60 kilometres (37 miles) from Genoa and 77 kilometres (48 miles) from Alessandria.

Alessandria
Alessandria (Italian: [alesˈsandrja] ⓘ; Piedmontese: Lissandria [liˈsɑŋdrja]) is a city and commune in Piedmont, Italy, and the capital of the Province of Alessandria. With a population of 92,518, it is the 3rd-largest city in Piedmont and the 53rd-largest in Italy.

Known for the famous hat manufacturing company Borsalino and for its proximity to the historical site of the battle of Marengo, led by Napoleon, the town is an important agricultural, industrial and logistic hub within its region and Italy's North-West. With a surface extension that makes it Piedmont's largest municipality and a population of 92 839 inhabitants  (the third most popolous city in the region), Alessandria is located in the centre of the so-called "industrial triangle", whose vertices are Turin, Milan and Genoa. Alessandria is also home to one of the headquarters of the University of Eastern Piedmont, which is an academic institution that has a tripolar structure shared with Vercelli and Novara.
To go
To go may be:

an adjective referring to take-out food

an adjective referring to software with minimalized memory usage for mobile devices

the verb to go

To Go (convenience store), an international chain developed by BP and Amoco

Togo

Go (verb)
The verb go is an irregular verb in the English language (see English irregular verbs). It has a wide range of uses; its basic meaning is "to move from one place to another". Apart from the copular verb be, the verb go is the only English verb to have a suppletive past tense, namely went.
Free soviets
Free soviets were the basic form of organization in the Makhnovshchina. These soviets acted independently from any central authority, excluding all political parties from participation, and met to self-manage the activities of workers and peasants through participatory democracy.

The soviets acted as the local organs of self-governance and federated together up to the regional and national levels, resulting in the relatively horizontal organization of the soviets. However, the conditions of the war meant that the Soviet model could only be implemented at scale during "periods of relative peace and territorial stability", as the populace was largely concerned with securing food or staying safe from the advancing armies.

Flat organization
A flat organization (or horizontal organization) is an organizational structure with few levels of management between staff and executives. An organizational structure refers to the nature of the distribution of the units and positions within it, and also to the nature of the relationships among those units and positions. Tall and flat organizations differ based on how many levels of management are present in the organization and how much control managers are endowed with.

Transforming a highly hierarchical organization into a flat organization is known as delayering.
Refuge castle
A refuge castle or refuge fort (German: Fliehburg, also Fluchtburg, Volksburg, Bauernburg or Vryburg) is a castle-like defensive location, usually surrounded by ramparts, that is not permanently occupied but acts as a temporary retreat for the local population when threatened by war or attack. In former times such sites were also described as giant castles (German: Hünenburgen) because their origin was ascribed to giants.

Schieder-Schwalenberg
Schieder-Schwalenberg (German pronunciation: [ˈʃiːdɐ ˈʃvaːlənˌbɛʁk] ⓘ; Low German: Schüer-Schwalenberg) is a town in the Lippe district, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is situated approximately 20 km (12 mi) east of Detmold.

It consists of 8 communes, which have been combined to a town in 1970. The names of the communes are Schieder, Brakelsiek, Schwalenberg, Lothe, Ruensiek, Wöbbel, Siekholz and Kreienberg, the district Schieder together with Glashütte is a Kneipp health resort. Together they have c. 8,400 residents (2020).
ILD Teleservices
ILD Teleservices, (a division of ILD Corporate) is a clearing house for LEC billing and alternative payment options, such as e-checks, ACH and micro payments. ILD performs payment processing services for communications companies, digital content providers, and other online vendors in North America. Founded in 1996, the company is headquartered in Ponte Vedra, Florida. In recent years, the company has been the subject of many consumer complaints as well as legal action brought by at least two states and the Federal Trade Commission. In 2003, ILD settled with the Federal Trade Commission.

Clearing house (finance)
A clearing house, often written as clearinghouse, is a financial institution formed to facilitate the exchange (i.e., clearance) of payments, securities, or derivatives transactions. The clearing house stands between two clearing firms (also known as member firms or participants).

Its purpose is to reduce the risk of a member firm failing to honor its trade settlement obligations. A clearing house provides emergency lending and assists banks when they need help.
Thomas McGuire
Thomas Buchanan McGuire Jr. (August 1, 1920 – January 7, 1945) was an American United States Army major who was killed in action while serving as a member of the United States Army Air Forces during World War II and posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor. He was one of the most decorated American fighter pilots and the second-highest scoring American ace of the war.

McGuire was memorialized by the renaming of Fort Dix Army Air Force Base in Burlington County, New Jersey, to McGuire Air Force Base in 1948.

Beta Theta Pi
Beta Theta Pi (ΒΘΠ), commonly known as Beta, is a North American social fraternity that was founded in 1839 at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio. One of North America's oldest fraternities, as of August 2023, it consists of 150 active chapters and colonies in the United States and Canada. More than 223,000 members have been initiated worldwide and there are currently around 10,000 undergraduate members. Beta Theta Pi is the oldest of the three fraternities that formed the Miami Triad, along with Phi Delta Theta and Sigma Chi.
Bryte, California
38°35′41″N 121°32′30″W﻿ / ﻿38.59472°N 121.54167°W﻿ / 38.59472; -121.54167

Bryte (formerly, Riverbank) is a former town in Yolo County, California, now forming part of West Sacramento.

It is located just south of the Sacramento River in the eastern portion of the county. Bryte's ZIP Code is 95605 and is in area codes 916 and 279. It lies at an elevation of 23 feet (7 m).

Area codes 916 and 279
Area codes 916 and 279 are telephone area codes in the North American Numbering Plan for Sacramento, the state capital of the U.S. state of California, and parts of five surrounding counties.

Area code 916 was one of the first three area codes established in California in October 1947, originally assigned to the most northern part, but remapped in 1950 to the northeast. Area code splits have reduced the numbering plan area to the greater Sacramento area.

Area code 279 began service in March 2018 in an overlay to relieve an exhausting supply of central office codes in 916.
Immigration (album)
Immigration is the fifth album of the Japanese rock group Show-Ya. The album was released on 5 November 1987 in Japan. Yasushi Akimoto and Kyōhei Tsutsumi worked together again in song composition. Makoto Matsushita arranged all the music, this time collaborating with the band. This album was mixed by Andy Johns in Los Angeles. Immigration peaked at position No. 12 in the Japanese Oricon chart.

Keiko Terada
Keiko Terada (寺田恵子, Terada Keiko; born 27 July 1963) is a Japanese rock singer. She was co-founder and lead singer of the successful Japanese female hard rock and heavy metal band Show-Ya from 1982 to 1991, before going solo. On her solo albums she expanded from hard rock and heavy metal to blues, pop and soul.

Terada's trademark for many years was a fake rose tattoo she wore above her right breast. She was inspired by Bette Midler's film The Rose, in which Midler played a Janis Joplin-like character.

She maintained over the years a relevant presence in both Japanese TV and Radio, both alone and as member of other bands. She is now member of the reformed Show-Ya and of the special group Nishidera Minoru.
Agulhas Basin
The Agulhas Basin is an oceanic basin located south of South Africa where the South Atlantic Ocean and south-western Indian Ocean meet.  Part of the African plate, it is bounded by the Agulhas Ridge (part of the Agulhas–Falkland fracture zone) to the north and the Southwest Indian Ridge to the south; by the Meteor Rise to the west and the Agulhas Plateau to the east.  Numerous bathymetric anomalies hint at the basin's dynamic tectonic history.

Oceanic basin
In hydrology, an oceanic basin (or ocean basin) is anywhere on Earth that is covered by seawater. Geologically, most of the ocean basins are large geologic basins that are below sea level.

Most commonly the ocean is divided into basins following the continents distribution: the North and South Atlantic (together approximately 75 million km2/ 29 million mi2), North and South Pacific (together approximately 155 million km2/ 59 million mi2), Indian Ocean (68 million km2/ 26 million mi2) and Arctic Ocean (14 million km2/ 5.4 million mi2). Also recognized is the Southern Ocean (20 million km2/ 7 million mi2). All ocean basins collectively cover 67% of the Earth's surface, and together they contain almost 97% of all water on the planet. They have an average depth of almost 4 km (about 2.5 miles).
1978 Massachusetts elections
A Massachusetts general election was held on November 7, 1978 in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.

The election included:

statewide elections for United States Senator, Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Attorney General, Secretary of the Commonwealth, Treasurer, and Auditor;

district elections for U.S. Representatives, State Representatives, State Senators, and Governor's Councillors; and

ballot questions at the state and local levels.

Democratic and Republican candidates were selected in party primaries held September 14, 1978.

Massachusetts Senate
The Massachusetts Senate is the upper house of the Massachusetts General Court, the bicameral state legislature of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The Senate comprises 40 elected members from 40 single-member senatorial districts in the state. All but one of the districts are named for the counties in which they are located (the "Cape and Islands" district covers Dukes, Nantucket, and parts of Barnstable counties). Senators serve two-year terms, without term limits. The Senate convenes in the Massachusetts State House in Boston, the state capital.