hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Denmark–Finland relations
Denmark recognized Finland on 10 January 1918 and the two countries established diplomatic relations on 18 February 1918. Denmark has an embassy in Helsinki, while Finland has an embassy in Copenhagen. Both countries are members of the European Union, Nordic Council, Council of the Baltic Sea States, Joint Expeditionary Force, and NATO.

Denmark and Finland, though geographically distant, have maintained contact since medieval times, with the Baltic Sea acting as a connector. Danish cultural and economic influences have shaped Finland, reflecting broader Nordic ties.

Council of the Baltic Sea States
The Council of the Baltic Sea States (CBSS) is a regional intergovernmental organisation working on three priority areas: regional identity; regional safety and security; regional sustainability and prosperity. 
These three priority areas aim to address the themes of sustainable development, environment, sustainable maritime economy, education, labour, culture, youth engagement, civil security, children's rights and trafficking in human beings.
Conservation in the United Kingdom
Conservation of the cultural heritage and natural environment of the United Kingdom takes place within a complex legal and institutional structure including both governmental and non-governmental bodies.

The UK Government acknowledges that the natural environment of the UK is depleted and continuing to decline. In response, multiple policies and legislation have been put in place in attempt to protect the natural and built environments and enhance biodiversity.

With the advent of devolved government for Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, the responsibilities for environment and conservation have become more complicated with a variety of UK-wide, national (to each constituent country) and local bodies, as well as non-governmental organisations, operating in the field.

Natural England
Natural England is a non-departmental public body in the United Kingdom sponsored by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. It is responsible for ensuring that England's natural environment, including its land, flora and fauna, freshwater and marine environments, geology and soils, are protected and enhanced. It also has a responsibility to help people enjoy, understand and access the natural environment.

Natural England focuses its activities and resources on four strategic outcomes:

a healthy natural environment

enjoyment of the natural environment

sustainable use of the natural environment

a secure environmental future
Berg River
The Berg River (also called Great Berg River or in Afrikaans: Bergrivier) is a river located just north of Cape Town in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. It is approximately 294 km (183 mi) long with a catchment area of 7,715 km2 (2,979 sq mi) and empties into the Atlantic Ocean. About 65% of the Berg River area is under agriculture. The major towns in the Berg River area are Velddrif and Laaiplek near the coast, and Piketberg, Hopefield, Moorreesburg and Darling further inland.

Tulbagh
Tulbagh (Afrikaans: [ˈtœlbaχ]), previously named Roodezand, then Land van Waveren later in 1804 named after Cape of Good Hope Governor Ryk Tulbagh, is a town located in the "Land van Waveren" mountain basin (also known as the Tulbagh basin), in the Winelands of the Western Cape, South Africa. The basin is fringed on three sides by mountains, and is drained by the Klein Berg River and its tributaries. The nearest towns are Ons Rust and Gouda beyond the Nuwekloof Pass, Wolseley some 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) to the south inside the basin, and Ceres and Prince Alfred Hamlet beyond Michell's Pass in the Warm Bokkeveld.
Rawski (surname)
Rawski (Polish feminine: Rawska; plural: Rawscy) is a surname. Notable people with this surname include:

Evelyn Rawski (born 1939), American sinologist

Krystyna Czajkowska-Rawska (born 1936), Polish volleyball player and coach

Evelyn Rawski
Evelyn Sakakida Rawski (born February 2, 1939) is an American scholar of Chinese and Inner Asian history. She is currently a Distinguished University Professor in the Department of History of the University of Pittsburgh. She was born in Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of Japanese-American ancestry. She served as president of the Association for Asian Studies in 1995–1996.

Rawski has written extensively on history of the Qing dynasty, and is considered a seminal figure of the school called the New Qing History.
Castile (surname)
Castile or Castille is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Castile:
Brooke Castile (born 1986), American pairs figure skater
Christopher Castile (born 1980), American actor
L. J. Castile (born 1987), American football player
Philando Castile (1983–2016), American man fatally shot by a police officer in St. Anthony, Minnesota

Castille:
Hadley Castille (1933–2012), Cajun fiddler
Simeon Castille (born 1985), NFL cornerback

Christopher Castile
Christopher Jon Castile (born June 15, 1980) is an American professor and former actor. His well-known roles include Ted Newton in Beethoven and Beethoven's 2nd, the voice of Zachary Sellers and Nick Mulligan in Focus on the Family's Adventures in Odyssey, Mark Foster on the sitcom Step by Step, and the voice of Eugene Horowitz in Hey Arnold!.
Gunhild Elise Øyangen
Gunhild Elise Øyangen (born 31 October 1947 in Levanger) is a former Norwegian politician for the Labour Party, most notably as Minister of Agriculture for the Second and Third cabinet Brundtland. She was  elected to the Storting representing Sør-Trøndelag from 1989 to her retirement in 2005.

Third Brundtland cabinet
Brundtland's Third Cabinet was a minority, Labour Government of Norway.  It succeeded the H-Sp-KrF Cabinet Syse, and sat between 3 November 1990 and 25 October 1996. It was replaced by the Labour Cabinet Jagland.  The cabinet was active during two parliaments, both 1989–93 and 1993–97. Brundtlands third cabinet had the following composition.
Lapsiphedi
Lapsiphedi is a village and former Village Development Committee that is now part of Shankharapur Municipality in Kathmandu District in Province No. 3 of central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 5,040 spread over 919 households.

Bagmati Province
Bagmati Province (Nepali: बागमती प्रदेश, Bāgmatī pradēśa) is one of the seven provinces of Nepal established by the constitution of Nepal. Bagmati is Nepal's foremost populous province and fifth largest province by area. It is bordered by Tibet Autonomous Region of China to the north, Gandaki Province to the west, Koshi Province to the east, Madhesh Province and the Indian state of Bihar to the south. With Hetauda as its provincial headquarters, the province is also the home to the country's capital Kathmandu, is mostly hilly and mountainous, and hosts mountain peaks including Gaurishankar, Langtang, Jugal, and Ganesh.

Being the most populous province of Nepal, it possesses rich cultural diversity with resident communities and castes including Thami (Thangmi), Newar, Tamang, Sherpa, Tharu, Chepang, Jirel, Brahmin, Chhetri, and more. It hosted the highest number of voters in the 2017 election for the House of Representatives and Provincial Assembly.
Kolfjellet
Kolfjellet is a mountain in Nordenskiöld Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. The mountain is located north of Van Mijenfjorden and east of Berzeliusdalen, and is separated from Hesselbergaksla and Iskollen by the valley Kolfjelldalen and the glacier Kolfjellbreen. The name Kolfjellet ("Coal mountain") stems from coal deposits in the mountain. The first registered ascent was accomplished in 1912. The mountain is included in the Nordenskiöld Land National Park.

Nordenskiöld Land
Nordenskiöld Land is the land area between Isfjorden and Van Mijenfjorden on Spitsbergen, Svalbard. The area is named after Finnish-Swedish explorer and geologist Nils Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld. The coastal region of Nordenskiöld Land (Nordenskiøldkysten) has been identified as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because it supports breeding populations of barnacle geese and common eiders.
Dumisani Maraire
Abraham Dumisani Maraire (27 December 1944 – 25 November 1999), known to friends as "Dumi", was a Zimbabwean musician. He was a master performer of the mbira, a traditional instrument of the Shona people of Zimbabwe. He specialized in the form of mbira called nyunga nyunga, as well as the Zimbabwean marimba. He introduced Zimbabwean music to North America, initiating a flourishing of Zimbabwean music in the Pacific Northwest that continues into the 21st century.

Maraire is credited for his famous 1–15 number notation used on the nyunga nyunga mbira and for notating the song "Chemutengure" on the nyunga nyunga mbira. The song "Chemutengure" is used to teach mbira learners the technique of playing the instrument.

Folk instrument
A folk instrument is a traditional musical instrument that has remained largely restricted to traditional folk music, and is not usually used in the classical music or other elite and formal musical genres of the culture concerned, though related instruments may be.

It can be made from wood, metal or other material; all the major families of instruments are represented. The instruments can be percussion instruments, or different types of flutes or trumpets, or string instruments that are plucked, hammered or use a form of  bow.

Some instruments are referred to as folk instruments because they commonly appear in folk music, even though they are also used in other types of music; for example, the classical violin and the folk fiddle are usually identical.
Chali
The Chali, the Latinized form of Khaloi or Chaloi (Χάλοι), were identified by Ptolemy in his Geography as a Germanic tribe in Jutland. Nearly all of the Germanic tribes identified by Ptolemy have left traces of their existence beyond their mention in Geography, such as through medieval traditions or place names, however, no such traces have been identified for the Chali.

Geography (Ptolemy)
The Geography (Ancient Greek: Γεωγραφικὴ Ὑφήγησις, Geōgraphikḕ Hyphḗgēsis, lit. "Geographical Guidance"), also known by its Latin names as the Geographia and the Cosmographia, is a gazetteer, an atlas, and a treatise on cartography, compiling the geographical knowledge of the 2nd-century Roman Empire. Originally written by Claudius Ptolemy in Greek at Alexandria around 150 AD, the work was a revision of a now-lost atlas by Marinus of Tyre using additional Roman and Persian gazetteers and new principles.

Its translation into Arabic by al-Khwarismi in the 9th century was highly influential on the geographical knowledge and cartographic traditions of the Islamic world. Alongside the works of Islamic scholars—and the commentary containing revised and more accurate data by Alfraganus—Ptolemy's work was subsequently highly influential on Medieval and Renaissance Europe.
Gulf Air Flight 771
Gulf Air Flight 771 was an international scheduled passenger flight from Jinnah International Airport, Karachi, Pakistan, to Abu Dhabi International Airport, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. On 23 September 1983, while the Boeing 737-2P6 was on approach, a bomb, planted by the Palestinian nationalist militant group, Abu Nidal Organization, exploded in the baggage compartment, resulting in a fire. The aircraft crashed in the desert near Jebel Ali between Abu Dhabi and Dubai. All 105 passengers and 7 crew members died. To date, it is the deadliest air disaster in the history of the United Arab Emirates, along with Sterling Airways Flight 296 which also killed 112 people in 1972.

Jinnah International Airport
Jinnah International Airport (Urdu: جناح بین الاقوامی ہوائی اڈا) (IATA: KHI, ICAO: OPKC), formerly Drigh Road Airport or Karachi International Airport, is Pakistan's second busiest international and domestic airport in terms of total passengers, being surpassed by Islamabad International Airport in 2024–2025. Located in Karachi, the largest city and commercial capital of Pakistan and capital of the province of Sindh, it is named after Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the statesman founder of Pakistan.

The airport is managed by the Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority (PCAA), and serves as a hub for the national flag carrier, Pakistan International Airlines (PIA), airblue, and many other private airlines. The airport is equipped with aircraft engineering and overhauling facilities including the Ispahani Hangar for wide-body aircraft.
Vadakara railway station
Vatakara railway station (also known as Badagara railway station)(station code: BDJ) is an NSG–3 category Indian railway station in Palakkad railway division of Southern Railway zone. It is a major railway station serving the City of Vatakara, Kerala. It lies in the Shoranur–Mangalore section of the Southern Railway zone. The station has 3 platforms and 3 tracks. Although no trains originate from this station, most of the important trains passing through stop here. Trains halting at the station connect the town to prominent cities in India such as Thiruvananthapuram, Kochi, Chennai, Mumbai, Bangalore, Kozhikode, Coimbatore, Hyderabad, Ahmedabad, New Delhi, Pune, Mangalore, Kolkata and so forth. This station has now been upgraded to a Model railway station (adarsh).

Coimbatore Junction railway station
Coimbatore Junction railway station (station code: CBE) is a railway station located in Coimbatore in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is the major rail-head in the city and comes under the jurisdiction of Salem railway division of Southern Railway zone. It is one of the busiest and highest revenue generating stations in India. The station lies on the Jolarpettai–Shoranur main line and has six side platforms.
Mary Hodge
Mary Hodge (born December 17, 1946) is a former state senator in the U.S. state of Colorado. Elected to the Colorado State Senate as a Democrat in 2008, Hodge represented Senate District 25, which encompasses eastern Adams County, Colorado. Term limited, she could not seek re-election in 2016. Prior to being elected to the state senate, Hodge served in the Colorado House of Representatives for eight years.

Adams County, Colorado
Adams County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 519,572. The county seat is Brighton, and the largest city is Thornton. The county is named for Alva Adams, an early Governor of the State of Colorado in 1887–1889. Adams County is part of the Denver metropolitan area.
Proposed bans of LGBTQ-themed books in the United States
Proposed bans of LGBTQ-themed books in the United States is a list of books dealing with LGBTQ issues that have been proposed to be removed or otherwise restricted from public access in the United States, typically from a library or a school curriculum.

I Am Jazz (book)
I Am Jazz, published in 2014, was co-written by Jessica Herthel and Jazz Jennings and illustrated by Shelagh McNicholas. It is based on the real-life experiences of Jazz Jennings, a transgender YouTube personality, Human Rights Campaign Youth Ambassador, and the main star of the TLC series I Am Jazz. Jazz was assigned male at birth, but from age two, she struggled with having “a girl brain but a boy body.”
Universidade São Francisco
The Universidade São Francisco (USF; English: University of San Francisco) is a small university in Brazil, founded in 1976 by Franciscan priests.

It has campuses in four cities in the State of São Paulo: Bragança Paulista, Itatiba, Campinas, and São Paulo.

Bragança Paulista
Bragança Paulista is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The population is 170,533 (2020 est.) in an area of 512.6 km2 (197.9 sq mi). The elevation is 817 m.

The city is famous for its traditional sausages, with several establishments claiming to sell the "real Bragança sausage". Bragança has become a commuter town due to its proximity to São Paulo and Campinas. As a result, real estate is developing at a fast pace and several gated communities have sprung up all over town.

The city is served by Arthur Siqueira Airport dedicated to general aviation.
Electoral district of Camperdown
Camperdown was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales, created in the 1904 re-distribution of electorates following the 1903 New South Wales referendum, which required the number of members of the Legislative Assembly to be reduced from 125 to 90. It consisted of parts of Annandale and the abolished seats of Darlington, Newtown-Camperdown and Newtown-Erskine. It was named after and included the inner Sydney suburb of Camperdown. In 1920, with the introduction of proportional representation, it was absorbed into the multi-member electorate of Balmain.

1903 New South Wales referendum
A referendum concerning the reduction of the members of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly was put to voters on 16 December 1903, in conjunction with the 1903 federal election. The referendum was conducted on the basis of optional preferential voting. However, preferences were not counted, as an overwhelming majority voted to reduce the number of members to 90.
Charles Fairfax (priest)
Christianity portal

The Ven. Charles Fairfax  was a Church of Ireland priest in the first quarter of the 18th century.

Fairfax was educated at Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford. He held livings at Barnham, Suffolk and Euston, Suffolk. He was Archdeacon of Clogher from 1716 to 1718;

Barnham, Suffolk
Barnham is a village and civil parish in the West Suffolk district of the English county of Suffolk about 3 miles (4.8 km) south of Thetford and 9 miles (14.5 km) north of Bury St Edmunds on the A134. The village of Euston is 1 mile (1.6 km) to the east. According to the Swedish scholar Eilert Ekwall, the name of the village means "Beorn's homestead".
Philipp Sarlay
Philipp Sarlay, also named Filipp Sarlay (10 December 1826, in Klattau – 5 April 1908, in Innsbruck, Tyrol) was an Austrian principal of telegraph office of Austrian-Hungarian origin and a pioneer in technological and scientific accomplishments. He was a follower of naturopathy, abstainer and vegetarian. Furthermore, he was occupied by studying mathematical phenomena.

Klatovy
Klatovy (Czech pronunciation: [ˈklatovɪ]; German: Klattau) is a town in the Plzeň Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 23,000 inhabitants. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone.
Malév Flight 262
Malév Hungarian Airlines Flight 262 was a flight from Budapest Ferihegy International Airport to Thessaloniki International Airport. On 4 July 2000, a Tupolev Tu-154, belonging to Malév Hungarian Airlines, performed a gear-up touchdown during the landing at Thessaloniki, skidded on the runway, but was able to take off and land normally after a go-around. No injuries were reported.

Go-around
In aviation, a go-around is an aborted landing of an aircraft that is on final approach or has already touched down. A go-around can either be initiated by the pilot flying or requested by air traffic control for various reasons, such as an unstabilized approach or an obstruction on the runway.
Bunchy top
Bunchy top most commonly refers to:

Banana bunchy top virus and its concomitant disease.

It is also the short name of several other plant diseases including:

Papaya Bunchy Top Disease

Abaca bunchy top virus

Potato spindle tuber viroid which produces Tomato bunchy top

Citrus exocortis which produces Indian bunchy top in tomato

Plant disease
Plant diseases are diseases in plants caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). Organisms that cause infectious disease include fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, viruses, viroids, virus-like organisms, phytoplasmas, protozoa, nematodes and parasitic plants. Not included are ectoparasites like insects, mites, vertebrates, or other pests that affect plant health by eating plant tissues and causing injury that may admit plant pathogens. The study of plant disease is called plant pathology.
April 2025 Russian attack on Kyiv
On the night of April 24, 2025, Russia launched an attack on Kyiv
using cruise and ballistic missiles (Kh-101, Iskander-M/Iskander-K, KN-23, Kalibr, and Kh-59/Kh-69), as well as attack drones. As a result of the Russian strike, the cities of Kyiv, Kharkiv, and Zaporizhzhia, as well as the Kyiv, Kharkiv, Dnipropetrovsk, Zhytomyr, Khmelnytskyi, Poltava, and Sumy regions were affected. The attack resulted in the deaths of 13 Ukrainians, and injuries to over 90 others, making it one of the deadliest attacks on Kyiv in the Russian invasion of Ukraine since 2022.

Kh-69
The Kh-69 (Cyrillic: Х-69) (NATO reporting name: AS-22 'Kazoo') is a Russian stealth subsonic air-launched cruise missile. It was developed from the Kh-59 missile, and has a range of at least 400 km (250 mi). It has a reduced radar signature compared to its forerunners.
Round House (Connecticut)
The Round House (or "Circambulant House") is a house in Wilton, Connecticut, built by architect Richard T. Foster in 1968. The building can rotate 360 degrees, providing every room a view of the landscape. It combines engineering from Germany, local Connecticut steel, and stone from the Dolomites. It was the Foster family’s primary residence for more than 35 years. Foster lived there until his death in 2002.

In 2012, Mack Scogin Merrill Elam Architects was hired to upgrade and adapt the structure to contemporary standards:

Scogin and Elam sought to "soften" the house by breaking up the geometries and by bringing nature into the interior. This begins as soon as one ascends the spiral stair in the house’s "trunk." The architects built a low wall around the floor opening so that—like a stage curtain prepped for a big reveal—a visitor’s first views are out to the undulating landscape, not the terrazzo floor.

Terrazzo
Terrazzo is a composite material, poured in place or precast, which is used for floor and wall treatments. It consists of  chips of marble, quartz, granite, glass, or other suitable material, poured with a cementitious binder (for chemical binding), polymeric (for physical binding), or a combination of both. Metal strips often divide sections, or changes in color or material in a pattern.  Additional chips may be sprinkled atop the mix before it sets.  After it is cured it is ground and polished smooth or otherwise finished to produce a uniformly textured surface.  "Terrazzo" is also often used to describe any pattern similar to the original terrazzo floors.
Modern forms of terrazzo include polished concrete.
United States Penitentiary, Coleman
The United States Penitentiary, Coleman I and II (USP Coleman I and II) are high-security United States federal prisons for male inmates in Florida. It is part of the Coleman Federal Correctional Complex (FCC Coleman) and is operated by the Federal Bureau of Prisons, a division of the United States Department of Justice.  USP Coleman I was opened in 2001, and in 2004 Clark Construction completed a 555,000-square-foot (51,600 m2) additional component for USP Coleman II.

FCC Coleman is located in Central Florida, approximately 50 miles (80 km) northwest of Orlando, 60 miles (97 km) northeast of Tampa, and 35 miles (56 km) south of Ocala.

Federal prison
A federal prison is operated under the jurisdiction of a federal government as opposed to a state or provincial body. Federal prisons are used for people who violated federal law (U.S., Mexico), people considered dangerous (Brazil), or those sentenced to longer terms of imprisonment (Canada). Not all federated countries have a legal concept of "federal prison".