hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Barringer Trophy
The Lewin B. Barringer Memorial Trophy was established by the will of Lewin Barringer in 1948. The original rules specified that the trophy would be awarded for the longest distance soaring flight from any type of launching method other than airplane tow. The trophy would become the permanent property of any pilot who won it three times in succession.

Lift (soaring)
Lift is a meteorological phenomenon used as an energy source by soaring aircraft and soaring birds. The most common human application of lift is in sport and recreation. The three air sports that use soaring flight are: gliding, hang gliding and paragliding.

Energy can be gained by using rising air from four sources:

Thermals (where air rises due to heat),

Ridge lift, where air is forced upwards by a slope,

Wave lift, where a mountain produces a standing wave,

Convergence, where two air masses meet

In dynamic soaring it is also possible to gain energy, though this uses differences in wind speeds rather than rising air.
Combat knife
A combat knife is a fighting knife designed for military use and primarily intended for hand-to-hand or close combat fighting.

Since the end of trench warfare, most military combat knives have been secondarily designed for utility use (clearing foliage, chopping branches for cover, opening ammunition crates, etc.) in addition to their original role as close-quarter combat weapons, and may be referred to as "fighting-utility knives."  On the other hand, military knives that are intended primarily for use in a role other than combat are typically referred to by their primary role, such as "utility knife" or "survival knife".

Close-quarters battle
Close-quarters battle (CQB), also called close-quarters combat (CQC), is a close combat situation between multiple combatants involving ranged (typically firearm-based) or melee combat. It can occur between military units, law enforcement and criminal elements, and in other similar situations. CQB is typically defined as a short duration, high intensity conflict characterized by sudden violence at close range.
Tobi Nussbaum
Tobias "Tobi" Nussbaum (born c. 1969) is the Chief Executive Officer of the National Capital Commission, a federal crown corporation that acts as the long-term planner of federal lands and principal steward of nationally significant public places, amounting to 12 percent of the landmass of the National Capital Region and including Gatineau Park, the Greenbelt and Canada's Official Residences. Prior to taking up his post, he was a City Councillor for Rideau-Rockcliffe Ward in Ottawa, Ontario from 2014 to 2019. Nussbaum spent more than a decade as a diplomat in Global Affairs Canada, including postings to the United Nations in New York City during Canada's last term on the Security Council and the World Trade Organization in Geneva.

Greenbelt (Ottawa)
The Greenbelt is a 203.5-square-kilometre (78.6 sq mi) protected green belt traversing Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.  It includes green space, forests, farms, and wetlands from Shirleys Bay in the west and to Green's Creek in the east. It is the largest publicly owned green belt in the world and the most ecologically diverse area in Eastern Ontario. The National Capital Commission (NCC) owns and manages 149.5 square kilometres (57.7 sq mi), and the rest is held by other federal government departments and private interests. Real estate development within the Greenbelt is strictly controlled.

The Greenbelt lies within eight kilometers of Parliament Hill in downtown Ottawa and ranges in width from two to ten kilometers. It encircles many of the oldest communities in the City of Ottawa, and covers the same amount of land as the urbanized area of Ottawa that it surrounds.
Dolenje Ponikve
Dolenje Ponikve (pronounced [dɔˈleːnjɛ pɔˈniːkʋɛ]) is a settlement in the Municipality of Trebnje in eastern Slovenia. It lies on the road leading south from Dolenja Nemška Vas towards Mirna Peč and Novo Mesto. The area is part of the historical region of Lower Carniola. The municipality is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.

Novo Mesto
Novo Mesto (pronounced [ˈnɔ̀ːʋɔ ˈmèːstɔ] ⓘ; Slovene: Novo mesto; also known by alternative names) is the seventh-largest city of Slovenia. It is the economic and cultural centre of the traditional region of Lower Carniola (southeastern Slovenia) and the seat of the City Municipality of Novo Mesto. It lies on a bend of the Krka River, close to the border with Croatia.
Naraoka
Naraoka (written: 奈良岡) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Kodai Naraoka (奈良岡 功大, born 2001), Japanese badminton player

Ryoji Naraoka (奈良岡 良二, 1908–1992), Japanese racewalker

Tomoko Naraoka (奈良岡 朋子, born 1929), Japanese actress

Kodai Naraoka
Kodai Naraoka (奈良岡 功大, Naraoka Kōdai; born 30 June 2001) is a Japanese badminton player affiliated with NTT East. Born in Aomori, he started playing badminton at the age of 5 with the influence of his father. He won the silver medal at the 2023 World Championships.

In his junior career, Naraoka has won a silver at the World Junior Championships in 2018, where he previously claimed a bronze in 2017. He represented his country competed at the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics in Buenos Aires, Argentina, won the bronze medals in the boys' singles and mixed team event.

He competed for Japan at the 2024 Summer Olympics in the men's singles event.
The Spy Ring
The Spy Ring is a 1938 American adventure film directed by Joseph H. Lewis and written by George Waggner. The film stars William Hall, Jane Wyman, Esther Ralston, Robert Warwick, Leon Ames and Ben Alexander. The film was released on January 8, 1938, by Universal Pictures.

Joseph H. Lewis
Joseph H. Lewis (April 6, 1907 – August 30, 2000) was an American director and editor of film and television. In a 30-year directorial career, he directed numerous low-budget westerns, action pictures, musicals, adventures, and thrillers. His stylish B-movies came to be appreciated by auteur theory-espousing film critics in the years following his retirement in 1966.

He is known for the films My Name Is Julia Ross (1945) and So Dark the Night (1946), Gun Crazy (1950), and The Big Combo (1955).
James Mason House and Farm
James Mason House and Farm is a historic home located at Hedgesville, Berkeley County, West Virginia. The two-story stone house was built about 1809, and is a four-bay limestone building with a gable roof measuring 24 feet wide by 22 feet deep.  A two-story, concrete block residential addition was completed about 1900.  Also on the property is a bank barn (c. 1890) and corn crib (c. 1890).

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.

Berkeley County, West Virginia
Berkeley County is located in the Shenandoah Valley in the eastern panhandle region of West Virginia in the United States. The county is part of the Hagerstown–Martinsburg metropolitan area. As of the 2020 census, the county population was 122,076, making it the second-most populous of West Virginia's 55 counties, behind Kanawha County. The City of Martinsburg is the county seat.
Geography of Gozo
The geography of Gozo, is dominated by water as it is the second largest island in the Maltese archipelago and is made up out of limestone. There are several islands which fall under Gozitan jurisdiction and thus are additions to the overarching Maltese archipelago. The main island of Gozo is located 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) northwest of the main island of Malta. It is mostly known for its multitude of low-lying hills. The highest point in Gozo is Ta' Dbiegi hill, which falls under the San Lawrenz local council. The island of Comino, which is also the third largest island in Malta, falls under Gozo.

Comino
Comino (Maltese: Kemmuna) is a small island of the Maltese archipelago between the islands of Malta and Gozo in the Mediterranean Sea, measuring 3.5 square kilometres (1.4 sq mi) in area. Named after the cumin seed, the island has a permanent population of only two residents and is part of the municipality of Għajnsielem, in southeastern Gozo, from where one priest and one policeman commute. The island is a bird sanctuary and nature reserve (Natura 2000 marine protected area).
Archen Minsol
Archen Minsol is a composite pseudonym invented by Kenneth Arrow and used by Arrow, Hollis B. Chenery, Bagicha S. Minhas, and Robert M. Solow. Minsol was claimed to be at the university of Lower Slobbovia (a humorous reference to a fictional country mentioned in the cartoon strip Li'l Abner. The publication produced was: Minsol, A. (1968). Some Tests of the International Comparisons of Factor Efficiency with the CES Production Function: A Reply. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 477–479.  The article was written in response to Gupta, S. B. (1968). Some tests of the international comparisons of factory efficiency with the CES production function. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 470–476. (1968).

One of the more interesting citations to the paper by Minsol is in US Justice Departments'  Antitrust Division's  comment on the Microsoft Tunney Act (Microsoft Tunney Act Comment : Project To Promote Competition & Innovation In The Digital Age (ProCOMP)).

The Review of Economics and Statistics
The Review of Economics and Statistics is a peer-reviewed academic journal that covers applied economics, with specific relevance to the scope of econometrics. The editors-in-chief are Will Dobbie (Harvard University) and Raymond Fisman (Boston University). The journal is over 100 years old.
Daniel Pina Cabral
Daniel Pereira dos Santos de Pina Cabral (Vila Nova de Gaia, 27 January 1924 – Porto, 23 June 2008) was a Portuguese Anglican bishop. He was the ninth Bishop of Lebombo, Mozambique, from 1968 to 1976. He was educated at the University of Lisbon and ordained in 1949.

University of Lisbon
The University of Lisbon (ULisboa; Portuguese: Universidade de Lisboa) is a public research university in Lisbon, and Portugal's largest university. It was founded in 1911, but the university's present structure dates to the 2013 merger of the former University of Lisbon (1911–2013) and the Technical University of Lisbon (1930–2013).
Tytila of East Anglia
Tytila (died around 616) was a semi-historical pagan king of East Anglia, a small Anglo-Saxon kingdom which today includes the English counties of Norfolk and Suffolk. Early sources, including Bede's Ecclesiastical History of the English People, identify him as an early member of the Wuffingas dynasty who succeeded his father Wuffa. A later chronicle dates his reign from 578, but he is not known to have definitely ruled as king and nothing of his life is known. He is listed in a number of genealogical lists.

A number of later mediaeval sources recorded that in about 616, Tytila was succeeded by his son Rædwald.

Nennius
Nennius – or Nemnius or Nemnivus – was a Welsh monk of the 9th century. He has traditionally been credited with authorship of the Historia Brittonum, based on the prologue affixed to that work.

Nennius was a student of Elvodugus, commonly identified with the bishop Elfodd of Bangor, who convinced British ecclesiastics to accept the Continental dating for Easter, and who died in 809 according to the Annales Cambriae.

Nennius is believed to have lived in the area made up by Brecknockshire and Radnorshire in present-day Powys, Wales. Thus, he lived outside the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms, isolated by mountains in a rural society. Because of the lack of evidence concerning the life of Nennius, he has become the subject of legend himself. Welsh traditions include Nennius with Elbodug and others said to have escaped the massacre of Welsh monks by Ethelfrid in 613, fleeing to the north.
Aisan Racing Team
Aisan Racing Team (愛三工業レーシングチーム, Aisan Kōgyō Rēshingu Chīmu, UCI team code: ART) is a Japanese UCI Continental cycling team sponsored by Aisan Industry Co. Ltd..

It was previously formed in 1976 as the bicycle club for the employees of Aisan Industry. The club started racing in earnest in 1987 after registering in the Japan Industrial Track & Field Association.

Cycling team
A cycling team is a group of cyclists who join a team or are acquired and train together to compete in bicycle races whether amateur or professional – and the supporting personnel. Cycling teams are most important in road bicycle racing, which is a team sport, but collaboration between team members is also important in track cycling and cyclo-cross.
Miresa habenichti
Miresa habenichti is a moth species in the family of Limacodidae found in Mozambique.

This species has a wingspan of 34mm and a body length of 18mm and was named after its collector Mr. Habenicht from Delagoa Bay.

Maputo Bay
Maputo Bay (Portuguese: Baía de Maputo), formerly also known as Delagoa Bay from Baía da Lagoa in Portuguese, is an inlet of the Indian Ocean on the coast of Mozambique, between 25° 40' and 26° 20' S, with a length from north to south of over 90 km long and 32 km wide.
2024–present global memory supply shortage
The 2024–present global memory supply shortage, commonly referred by tech media outlets as "RAMmageddon" or the "RAMpocalypse", is an ongoing period of supply constraints and rapid price escalation in the semiconductor memory market, particularly affecting DRAM and NAND flash memory. Unlike the 2020–2023 global chip shortage, which stemmed primarily from pandemic-related supply chain disruptions, this shortage is driven by a structural reallocation of manufacturing capacity toward high-margin products for artificial intelligence infrastructure, creating scarcity in consumer and enterprise PC markets.

Dell Technologies
Dell Technologies Inc. is an American multinational technology company that has been headquartered in Round Rock, Texas since 1994. It was formed as a result of the September 2016 merger of Dell and EMC Corporation. Dell Technologies ranked 48th on the 2024 Fortune 500 rankings of the largest United States corporations based on its 2023 revenue; its products include personal computers, servers, monitors, computer software, computer security and network security, as well as information security services.
Kara-Buura Pass
Kara-Buura Pass (Kyrgyz: Кара-Буура ашуусу) is a pass in Talas Province of Kyrgyzstan. It is located at Talas Alatau at the elevation of 3,305 m (10,843 ft) on the route connecting Talas and Chatkal valleys. The pass is located at the headwaters of Kara-Buura (left tributary of Talas River) and Karakysmak (right tributary of Chatkal river). The road to Kara-Buura Pass typically opens in June and closes in September–October. The road of national significance М-109 (as per the national road classification) connecting Shamaldy-Say, Kerben, Ala-Buka, Kanysh-Kyya, and Kyzyl-Adyr crosses the pass.

Kanysh-Kyya
Kanysh-Kyya (Kyrgyz: Каныш-Кыя; Russian: Каныш-Кия, romanized: Kanysh-Kiya) is a village in the Chatkal river valley of Jalal-Abad Region, Kyrgyzstan. Its population was 4,805 in 2021. It is the administrative seat of Chatkal District. It is served by the Kanysh-Kiya Airport.
Autism and LGBTQ people
Current research indicates that autistic people have higher rates of LGBTQ identities and feelings than the general population. A variety of explanations for the increased prevalence of LGBTQ identities have been proposed, such as prenatal hormonal exposure, which has been linked with sexual orientation, gender dysphoria, and autism. Alternatively, autistic people may be less reliant on social norms and thus are more open about their romantic/sexual orientation or gender identity. A narrative review published in 2016 stated that while various hypotheses have been proposed for an association between autism and gender dysphoria, they lack strong evidence. In a special issue of Autism in Adulthood, editors note that research support for autistic sexual minority studies is lacking.

Autism in Adulthood
Autism in Adulthood is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering research across a range of disciplines on all aspects of autism spectrum disorders in adults. It was established in 2019 and is published by Mary Ann Liebert. The founding editor-in-chief is Christina Nicolaidis (Portland State University).
Shaqlawa
Shaqlawa (Kurdish: شەقڵاوە, romanized: Şeqlawe, Arabic: شقلاوة, Syriac: ܫܵܩܠܵܒ݂ܐ, romanized: Shaqlāwa) is a historic city and a hill station in the Erbil Governorate in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Shaqlawa, a city of approximately 25,500 people, lies 51 km to the northeast of Erbil, at the bottom of Safeen mountain. Shaqlawa is situated between Safeen mountain and Sork mountain, and sits 1066 m above sea level.

The city is known for its waterfalls, trees, and greenery. It is also known for its honey.

Romanization of Kurdish
The romanization of Kurdish language is the practice of transcribing the Kurdish, traditionally written in both Arabic and Latin scripts, into a standardized Latin alphabet. The development of Kurdish romanization systems supports the need for digital communication, linguistic research, and accessibility for Kurdish speakers and Kurdish speakers in diaspora communities. These systems strive to maintain phonetic precision and consistency across the diverse Kurdish dialects.
James L. Boldridge
James L. Boldridge (December 17, 1868 – May 18, 1918) was a famous horse trainer in the late 19th century and early 20th century, and is the only other African-American other than Hiram Young buried in an Independence, Missouri cemetery along with other honored city leaders/pioneers, at a time when African-American burials were segregated.

"James Boldridge – Boldridge was among the top horse trainers in Independence, and his stable was located behind his house at 212 E. Maple Ave. Boldridge's funeral took place at St. Paul A.M.E. Church in 1917( [sic]). His horse remained without a rider in the funeral procession."

American pioneer
American pioneers were predominantly European American settlers who had marched on westward from the British Thirteen Colonies and later the United States of America, to settle and develop areas of the nation within the continent of North America.

The pioneer concept and ethos greatly predate the settlement of the Western United States, with which they are commonly associated, and many places now considered "East" were settled by pioneers from even further east. For example, Daniel Boone, a key figure in U.S. history, settled in Kentucky, when that "Dark and Bloody Ground" was still undeveloped.

One important development in the Western settlement were the Homestead Acts, which provided formal legislation for settlers which regulated the settlement process with little to no concern for the existing inhabitants of the land. Pioneers also settled on land that was once inhabited by American Indian tribes.
D208 road
D208 is a state road in Međimurje region of Croatia connecting Trnovec and nearby Trnovec border crossing to Slovenia to D3 state road in Nedelišće near Čakovec, and the road also serves as a connecting road to the A4 motorway as it terminates near Čakovec interchange via the D3. The road is 6.9 km (4.3 mi) long.

Like all state roads in Croatia, the D208 is managed and maintained by Hrvatske ceste, state owned company.

Čakovec
Čakovec (Croatian pronunciation: [tʃâkoʋets]; Hungarian: Csáktornya; Latin: Aquama; German: Tschakathurn) is a city in Northern Croatia, located around 90 kilometres (56 miles) north of Zagreb, the Croatian capital, and close to the borders with Slovenia and Hungary. Čakovec is both the county seat and the largest city of Međimurje County, the northernmost, smallest and most densely populated Croatian county. It is situated centrally in the lowland part of the region, along the Trnava river.
PEN Hessell-Tiltman Prize
The PEN Hessell-Tiltman Prize is awarded to the best work of non-fiction of historical content covering a period up to and including World War II, and published in the year of the award. The books are to be of high literary merit, but not primarily academic. The prize is organized by the English PEN. Marjorie Hessell-Tiltman was a member of PEN during the 1960s and 1970s; on her death in 1999 she bequeathed £100,000 to the PEN Literary Foundation to found a prize in her name. Each year's winner receives £2,000.

The award is one of many PEN awards sponsored by PEN International affiliates in over 145 PEN centres around the world.

PEN International
PEN International (known as International PEN until 2010) is a worldwide association of writers, founded in London in 1921 to promote friendship and intellectual co-operation among writers everywhere. The association has autonomous International PEN centres in more than 100 countries.

Other goals included: to emphasise the role of literature in the development of mutual understanding and world culture; to fight for freedom of expression; and to act as a powerful voice on behalf of writers harassed, imprisoned, and sometimes killed for their views.
Christopher Cerrone
Christopher Cerrone (born March 5, 1984) is an American composer based in New York City. He was a 2014 finalist for the Pulitzer Prize, a 2014 Fromm Foundation commission recipient, a 2015 Rome Prize winner in Music Composition, two Grammy Awards nominations, and has received numerous awards from ASCAP.

Rome Prize
The Rome Prize is awarded by the American Academy in Rome, in Rome, Italy. Approximately thirty scholars and artists are selected each year to receive a study fellowship at the academy. Recipients must be American citizens. Prizes have been awarded annually since 1921, with a hiatus during the World War II years, from 1942 to 1949.: 13
2011 Silverstone 24 Hours
The 2011 Britcar 24 Hour Race Silverstone was the 7th running of the Silverstone 24 Hours endurance sports car race held on October 1, 2011 at the Silverstone Circuit.

Victory overall and in Class 1 went to the No. 2 Michael McInerny Ferrari F430 GTC driven by Michael McInerny, Sean McInerny, and Phil Keen. Victory in Class 2 went to the No. 27 Topcats Racing Marcos Mantis GT3 driven by David Upton, Neil Huggins, Emily Fletcher, and Jamie Orton. Class 3 was won by the No. 49 Nicholas Mee Racing Aston Martin V8 Vantage GT4 driven by Karsten Le Blanc, Christiaen van Lanschot, Dan de Zille, and Robert Nimkoff. Finally, Class 4 was won by the No. 89 Mark Griffiths BMW M3 E46 driven by Mark Griffiths, William Green, David Forsbrey, and Bill Kirkpatrick.

Phil Keen
Phil Keen (born 20 October 1983 in Reading, Berkshire) is a British professional racing driver who currently competes in the European Le Mans Series for JMW Motorsport. He is the most successful driver in British GT history, having three times finished runner-up in the top class (GT3). He was an official Lamborghini factory driver in 2019, when he won the GT World Challenge Europe Pro-Am title, and concurrently works as an engineer in Henley-on-Thames. He was also the third and final Stig in British automotive show Top Gear from December 2010 until 2022, with his portrayal being kept secret over the years.
Athyma opalina
Athyma opalina, the Himalayan sergeant, is a species of large, tailess nymphalid butterfly found in tropical and subtropical evergreen forest regions in Asia (India, Nepal, Bangladesh and Bhutan), usually at a elevation of 1200 meters to 3000 meters. A. opalina has a wingspan of 57 millimeters to 72 millimeters. Athyma opalina primary color is black with white as an associated color. Other colors on Athyma opalina include red, brown and orange.

Adults of this species feed on nectar, sap and sometimes decaying organic matter while larvae feed on some trees and grasses. They live for 12 months.

Millimetre
The millimetre (SI symbol: mm; international spelling) or millimeter (American spelling) is a unit of length in the International System of Units (SI), equal to one thousandth of a metre, the SI base unit of length.

1 metre = 1000 millimetres

1 centimetre = 10 millimetres

One millimetre is also equal to:

1000 micrometres

1000000 nanometres

Since an inch is officially defined as exactly 25.4 millimetres, 1 millimetre is precisely 5⁄127 inches (≈ 0.03937 inches).