hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Centroidal Voronoi tessellation
In geometry, a centroidal Voronoi tessellation (CVT) is a special type of Voronoi tessellation in which the generating point of each Voronoi cell is also its centroid (center of mass).  It can be viewed as an optimal partition corresponding to an optimal distribution of generators. A number of algorithms can be used to generate centroidal Voronoi tessellations, including Lloyd's algorithm for K-means clustering or Quasi-Newton methods like BFGS.

Quasi-Newton method
In numerical analysis, a quasi-Newton method is an iterative numerical method used either to find zeroes or to find local maxima and minima of functions via an iterative recurrence formula much like the one for Newton's method, except using approximations of the derivatives of the functions in place of exact derivatives. Newton's method requires the Jacobian matrix of all partial derivatives of a multivariate function when used to search for zeros or the Hessian matrix when used for finding extrema. Quasi-Newton methods, on the other hand, can be used when the Jacobian matrices or Hessian matrices are unavailable or are impractical to compute at every iteration.

Some iterative methods that reduce to Newton's method, such as sequential quadratic programming, may also be considered quasi-Newton methods.
2022 Città di Forlì V – Doubles
Victor Vlad Cornea and Fabian Fallert were the defending champions but lost in the final to Marco Bortolotti and Vitaliy Sachko.

Bortolotti and Sachko won the title after defeating Cornea and Fallert 7–6(7–5), 3–6, [10–5] in the final.

Victor Vlad Cornea
Victor Vlad Cornea (born 24 September 1993) is a Romanian tennis player who specializes in doubles. He reached his highest ATP doubles ranking of No. 64 on 19 February 2024. He has won 15 ATP Challenger Tour doubles titles.

He has six Davis Cup nominations for Team Romania.
Olle Häggström
Olle Häggström (born 4 October 1967) is a professor of mathematical statistics at Chalmers University of Technology. Häggström earned his doctorate in 1994 at Chalmers University of Technology with Jeffrey Steif as supervisor. He became an associate professor in the same university in 1997, and professor of mathematical statistics at University of Gothenburg in 2000. In 2002 he was back at Chalmers University of Technology as professor. He mainly researches on probability theory such as Markov chains, percolation theory and other models in statistical mechanics.

Chalmers University of Technology
Chalmers University of Technology (Swedish: Chalmers tekniska högskola, commonly referred to as Chalmers) is a private research university located in Gothenburg, Sweden. Chalmers focuses on engineering and science, but more broadly it also conducts research and offers education in shipping, architecture and management. The university has approximately 3,100 employees and 10,000 students.

Chalmers coordinates the development of a Swedish quantum computer
and
the Graphene Flagship, a European Union research initiative to develop commercial technologies with graphene.

The university is a co-founder of the CDIO Initiative, a member of the UNITECH International program, the IDEA League, the Nordic Five Tech, 
and the ENHANCE alliances as well as the EURECOM consortium and the CESAER network.
Supercop (soundtrack)
Supercop is the soundtrack to the US version of the 1992 Hong Kong action film Supercop. It was released on July 30, 1996 via Interscope Records and consists of various types of music including alternative rock and hip hop. The soundtrack was not much of a success, only making it to #133 on the Billboard 200, but Warren G and Adina Howard's version of "What's Love Got to Do With It" made it #32 on the Billboard Hot 100 and #5 on the Hot Rap Songs. 2Pac's song with the Outlawz on this soundtrack would reappear as the only single to the Gang Related – The Soundtrack after his death following Supercop's release.

Murder of Tupac Shakur
On September 7, 1996, at 11:15 p.m. (PDT), Tupac Shakur, a 25-year-old American rapper, was shot in a drive-by shooting in Paradise, Nevada. The shooting occurred when the car carrying Shakur was stopped at a red light at East Flamingo Road and Koval Lane. Shakur was struck by four rounds fired from a .40-caliber Glock: two in the chest, one in the arm, and one in the thigh. The driver, Suge Knight, was grazed by a bullet in the shooting. Shakur died from his injuries six days later, on September 13, 1996.

Orlando Anderson, a Crips gang member, was suspected in the murder but denied being involved and was never charged. He was killed in an unrelated gang shootout in 1998. On September 29, 2023, 27 years after Shakur's murder, Duane "Keefe D" Davis, Anderson's uncle, was arrested after being indicted by a grand jury for the first-degree murder of Shakur.
S30 (ZVV)
The S30 is a regional railway line of the Zurich S-Bahn on the ZVV (Zürich transportation network). It connects the cantons of Zurich and Thurgau, Switzerland, with some services extending to the canton of St. Gallen.

Romanshorn railway station
Romanshorn railway station (German: Bahnhof Romanshorn) is a railway station that serves the municipality of Romanshorn, in the canton of Thurgau, Switzerland.  Opened in 1855, the station is owned and operated by SBB-CFF-FFS.  It forms the junction between the Winterthur–Romanshorn railway, the Schaffhausen–Rorschach railway and the Romanshorn–Nesslau Neu St. Johann railway.

The SBB-CFF-FFS and Thurbo operate both long-distance and local traffic to and from the station. These include four St. Gallen S-Bahn lines and an InterCity train to Brig.
Vibeke Karlsen
Vibeke Karlsen (born 1 August 1967) is a Norwegian football referee.

She took up refereeing in 1983, has officiated in the Toppserien since 1992 and was a FIFA referee from 1996 to 2004. She officiated in Euro 1997 and the 2000 Olympic Games. She resides in Nesbru, and represents SF Grei.

Football at the 2000 Summer Olympics
The 2000 Football at the Summer Olympics tournament at the 2000 Summer Olympics started on 13 September. The men's tournament is played by U-23 (under 23 years old) national teams, with up to three over age players allowed per squad. Article 1 of the tournament regulations states: "The Tournaments take place every four years, in conjunction with the Summer Olympic Games. The associations affiliated to FIFA are invited to participate with their men's U-23 and women's representative teams."
CoolTalk
CoolTalk was an Internet telephony tool included as a plugin in Netscape Navigator 3.0, released in 1996. It included an answering machine and a shared whiteboard. It offered full-duplex audio, multiple compression formats, including ones targeted at low-bandwidth connections, and message recording. The shared whiteboard supported text and graphics, including TIFF, GIF, JPEG, BMP, EPS, TARGA, RASTER, and SGI files. It was supported on Windows 95, Windows NT, Windows 3.1, Mac OS, SunOS, Solaris, HP-UX, Digital Unix, and IRIX.

Tru64 UNIX
Tru64 UNIX is a discontinued 64-bit UNIX operating system for the Alpha instruction set architecture (ISA), currently owned by Hewlett-Packard (HP). Previously, Tru64 UNIX was a product of Compaq, and before that, Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), where it was known as Digital UNIX (originally DEC OSF/1 AXP).

As its original name suggests, Tru64 UNIX is based on the OSF/1 operating system. DEC's previous UNIX product was known as Ultrix and was based on BSD.

It is unusual among commercial UNIX implementations, as it is built on top of the Mach kernel developed at Carnegie Mellon University. (Other UNIX and UNIX-like implementations built on top of the Mach kernel are GNU Hurd, NeXTSTEP, MkLinux, and Darwin.)

Tru64 UNIX required the SRM boot firmware found on Alpha-based computer systems.
Amanda Miller (cyclist)
Amanda Miller (born December 13, 1986) is an American racing cyclist. Miller played basketball while at school and originally took up cycling as a means of maintaining fitness during the off-season, riding in her first race in 2005. She rode at the 2014 UCI Road World Championships. In November 2015 she was named as a member of the Visit Dallas DNA Pro Cycling team's squad for the 2016 season.

DNA Pro Cycling
DNA Pro Cycling was a professional UCI Women's Team, based in the United States.

It competed in elite women's road bicycle racing events.  It was founded in 2012, at the end of the 2015 season the team merged with DNA Cycling p/b K4 forming the current UCI-level team.

In October 2019, the team announced that they would return to the UCI rankings.

In July 2024, DNA Pro Cycling announced that the team would cease operations at the end of 2024, after 12 years of competition.
Welgris Highlanders F.C.
Welgris Highlanders, formerly known as Welgris Momads, was a semi-professional Papua New Guinean soccer club based in Mount Hagen, but playing their home games in Goroka.

They were one of five founding members of the Papua New Guinea National Soccer League, but reached the knockout stages just once in four years of competing.

After a three-year hiatus, the side played their final NSL season in 2012–13, where they finished bottom of the league.

Mount Hagen
Mount Hagen (Tok Pisin: Maun Hagen) is the third largest city in Papua New Guinea, with a population of 46,250. It is the capital of the Western Highlands Province and is located in the large fertile Wahgi Valley in central mainland Papua New Guinea, at an elevation of 1,677 m (5,502 ft).

The Highlands Highway is the main arterial route to connect Mount Hagen with the coastal cities of Lae and Madang.

The city is named after the old eroded volcano Mount Hagen, located about 24 kilometres (15 mi) to the north-west. The volcano was named after the German colonial officer Curt von Hagen (1859–1897).
Hoi Ping Chamber of Commerce Secondary School
Hoi Ping Chamber of Commerce Secondary School (Chinese: 旅港開平商會中學, abbr. HPCCSS) is a co-educational EMI secondary school located in Ho Man Tin, Kowloon Hong Kong. Hoi Ping is also well known for its school athletic team which ranked third in the Hong Kong Inter-School Athletics Competition.

Hong Kong Inter-School Athletics Competition
The Hong Kong Inter-School Athletics Competition, held by the Hong Kong Schools Sports Federation annually, aims to explore young talents in track and field events, to raise standards of such competitions to an international level, and to control the selection of Hong Kong representation at interport, Asian and World Competition. In order to accommodate the huge number of 245 participating schools each year, the competition is categorized into three divisions by region. There is a total of six groups: Division one, Division two and Division three (Area1- Area4), competing in 18 events in their regions separately.
Zak Morioka
Zaqueu "Zak" Morioka (born November 6, 1978) is a racecar driver from São Paulo, Brazil. He won the USAC Formula Ford 2000 Championship in 1997. In 2000, he competed in one Indy Racing League contest for Revista Motors/Tri Star Motorsports. He finished in fifteenth position in the race.

USF2000 Championship
The USF2000 Championship Presented by Continental Tire is an American racing series using an American variation of the Formula Ford standard, "F2000", that resumed operation for the 2010 season. As of 2022, it is sanctioned by the United States Auto Club (USAC), and operated by Andersen Promotions. It is the second rung of the Road to Indy.
Principles of Guided Missile Design
Principles of Guided Missile Design was a textbook and reference book series on spaceflight and guided missiles edited Merrill Grayson, U.S. Navy Captain. The series was published 1955 to 1964 by D. Van Nostrand Company, Princeton, New Jersey.

Notable experts contributed, such as Krafft Arnold Ehricke and Maurice J. Zucrow, and number of reviews were published. These books are out of print and considered rare. Only a few digitized copies exist.

Missile
A missile is an airborne ranged weapon capable of self-propelled flight aided usually by a propellant, jet engine or rocket motor.

Historically, 'missile' referred to any projectile that is thrown, shot or propelled towards a target; this usage is still recognized today with any unguided jet- or rocket-propelled weapons generally described as rocket artillery. Airborne explosive devices without propulsion are referred to as shells if fired by an artillery piece and bombs if dropped by an aircraft.

Missiles are also generally guided towards specific targets termed as guided missiles or guided rockets. Missile systems usually have five system components: targeting, guidance system, flight system, engine, and warhead. Missiles are primarily classified into different types based on firing source and target such as surface-to-surface, air-to-surface, surface-to-air and air-to-air missiles.
Ivan Levačić
Ivan Levačić (25 August 1931 – 7 July 2023) was a Yugoslav cyclist. He competed in the individual road race and team time trial events at the 1960 Summer Olympics. Levacic was born in Karlovac, his profession was a repairman.

Levačić died on 7 July 2023, at the age of 91.

Cycling at the 1960 Summer Olympics – Men's team time trial
These are the official results of the Men's Team Time Trial at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, Italy, held on 26 August 1960. There were 126 participants from 32 nations.

The event, which was held in extremely hot conditions, was marred by the death of Knud Enemark Jensen, who collapsed from sunstroke and suffered a fractured skull. It was later determined that before the race Jensen had taken Ronicol, a blood circulation stimulant.
In the Nightside Eclipse
In the Nightside Eclipse is the debut studio album by Norwegian black metal band Emperor, released in 1994 through Candlelight Records. It was their only album with drummer Faust and one-time bassist Tchort. Considered a landmark in the black metal scene, the album has been ranked by critics as one of the most influential albums of the genre. It contains some of Emperor's best known tracks, "I Am the Black Wizards" and "Inno a Satana".

Eirik Hundvin
Eirik Hundvin (born 8 February 1950), also known as Pytten, is a Norwegian producer, musician and recording engineer. He is widely known for producing and collaborating with influential acts in the Norwegian black metal scene, including Mayhem, Burzum, Immortal, Emperor, Satyricon, Enslaved, Gorgoroth, Borknagar and Taake. Hundvin worked out of Grieghallen Lydstudio at the Grieg Hall in Bergen from 1989 to 2013, when it was closed. He has been a member of Tornerose and Blind Date as a bassist. Hundvin is the father of handball player and media personality Mia Hundvin.
Ferrières–Fontenay station
Ferrières–Fontenay is a railway station in Fontenay-sur-Loing, Centre-Val de Loire, France. The station is located on the Moret–Lyon railway. The station is served by Transilien line R (Paris-Gare de Lyon) operated by SNCF.

Centre-Val de Loire
Centre-Val de Loire (/ˌvæl də ˈlwɑːr, ˌvɑːl-/; French pronunciation: [sɑ̃tʁ(ə) val də lwaʁ], lit. 'Centre-Loire Valley'), or simply Centre as it was known until 2015, is one of the eighteen administrative regions of France. It straddles the middle Loire Valley in the interior of the country, encompassing six departments (Cher, Eure-et-Loir, Indre, Indre-et-Loire, Loir-et-Cher and Loiret), with a population of 2,572,853 as of 2018. Its prefecture is Orléans, and its largest city is Tours.
Subbar
The Diocese of Subbar (in Latin: Dioecesis Subbaritana) is a suppressed and titular see of the Roman Catholic Church.

Subbar, was founded as an ancient bishopric of the Roman province of Mauretania Caesariensis. Like most of the western part of the province, Christianity appears have arrived only in late antiquity with references to the diocese coming only after the Council of Nicaea. The town thereby avoiding many of the earlier controversies.  The only known bishop from antiquity is Donato, who took part in the synod assembled in Carthage in 484 by the Arian King Huneric the Vandal, after which Donato was exiled. The bishopric appears to have effectively ceased with the Muslim conquest of the Maghreb. Today Subbar survives as a titular bishopric  and the most recent bishop is Joseph Robert Binzer, Auxiliary Bishop of Cincinnati, who replaced Cherubim Dambui in 2010 and resigned in 2020.

Cherubim Dambui
Cherubim Alfred Dambui, GCL, OBE (23 February 1948 – 24 June 2010) was a Papua New Guinea politician and Roman Catholic bishop. Dambui became the first Sepik to be ordained a Catholic priest in 1974 and served as the first premier of East Sepik Province beginning in 1976. Dambui also served as the auxiliary bishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea.
Mirjan Mosque
The Mirjan Mosque (Arabic: جامع مرجان) is a Sunni mosque and former madrasa, located on al-Rashid Street located near the Shorja marketplace and the Abboud Building in Baghdad, in the Baghdad Governorate of Iraq. An important ancient landmark in Baghdad, the walled mosque contained the tombs of prominent Islamic scholars, including Nu'man al-Alusi.

James Silk Buckingham
James Silk Buckingham (25 August 1786 – 30 June 1855) was a British mariner, parliamentarian, author, journalist and traveller. His achievements were varied and many. He contributed to Indian journalism and was a pioneer among the Europeans who fought for a liberal press in India. He was reforming parliamentarian in Britain and a prolific journalist and author.
22nd South Carolina Infantry Regiment
The 22nd South Carolina Infantry Regiment was a Confederate infantry regiment in the American Civil War from the state of South Carolina. The regiment was organized in January 1862 and fought that year at Secessionville, 1st Rappahannock Station, 2nd Bull Run, South Mountain, Antietam, and Kinston. In 1863, it fought at Jackson and Charleston Harbor. In 1864, the regiment took part in the Bermuda Hundred campaign and the Siege of Petersburg. During the siege, many of its soldiers were blown up at the Battle of the Crater. The remnants of the unit surrendered at Sailor's Creek and Appomattox in April 1865.

Bermuda Hundred campaign
The Bermuda Hundred campaign was a series of battles fought at the town of Bermuda Hundred, outside Richmond, Virginia, during May 1864 in the American Civil War. Union Maj. Gen. Benjamin Butler, commanding the Army of the James, threatened Richmond from the east but was stopped by forces under Confederate Gen. P.G.T. Beauregard.
Peter F. B. Alsop
Peter Findon Bethune Alsop (13 June 1935 – 6 September 2014) was an Australian engineer and historian from Geelong, Victoria. He was responsible for researching and preserving many important road bridges and historic buildings in Geelong and the Victorian Western District.

Alsop was an engineer with the Country Roads Board for the Geelong District. While in that position, he argued successfully in a number of cases, that new, improved road alignments should be provided when historic bridges were to be replaced, which would save the bridge at the same time.

Alsop was on the committee of Engineering Heritage Victoria (which later was merged with the Institution of Engineers Australia), and the National Trust of Australia (Victoria).

Alsop was president of the Geelong Historical Society from 1984 to 2007. His large corpus of publications has been indexed and referenced by the State Library of Victoria.

National Trust of Australia
The National Trust of Australia, officially the Australian Council of National Trusts (ACNT), is the Australian national peak body for community-based, non-government non-profit organisations committed to promoting and conserving Australia's Indigenous, natural and historic heritage. The umbrella body was incorporated in 1965, with member organisations in every state and territory of Australia.
Millenia Singapore
Millenia Singapore is an integrated landmark development of Pontiac Land Group, nested in the Downtown Core of Singapore. It sits on land reclaimed in the 1970s from Marina Bay with five buildings designed by award-winning architects Kevin Roche, Thom Mayne, Philip Johnson and John Burgee.

Before the 1970s, the area was open water used by sea vessels for anchorage with the Queen Elizabeth Walk along what is now the western end of this area. Part of the Singapore Grand Prix runs through the entire part of Millenia Singapore.

Kwee family (Pontiac)
The Kwee family is a Singaporean family that owns the Pontiac Land Group, a privately-held luxury real estate developer, owner and operator based in Singapore. The Kwee brothers, Kwee Liong Keng, Kwee Liong Tek, Kwee Liong Seen and Kwee Liong Phing are currently shareholders of the Group.
2000 All Japan Pro Wrestling mass exodus
The 2000 All Japan Pro Wrestling mass exodus was an incident in the Japanese All Japan Pro Wrestling (AJPW) professional wrestling promotion that took place throughout May and June 2000, and culminated in 24 of the 26 contracted native wrestlers leaving the promotion (Masanobu Fuchi and Toshiaki Kawada remained). Led by Mitsuharu Misawa, they later formed their own promotion, Pro Wrestling Noah.

Yoshinari Ogawa
Yoshinari Ogawa (小川良成, Ogawa Yoshinari) (born November 2, 1966) is a Japanese retired professional wrestler, best known for his appearances with All Japan Pro Wrestling and Pro Wrestling Noah. He earned the nickname of "Rat Boy" from the English-speaking Puroresu fanbase due to his sneaky, clever in-ring tactics and baiting his opponents into quick pins, as well as the dishevelled, greasy appearance he cultivated during the late-1990s.
Kakadu (software)
Kakadu is a closed-source library to encode and decode JPEG 2000 images. It implements the ISO/IEC 15444-1 standard fully in part 1, and partly in parts 2–3. Kakadu is a trademark of NewSouth Innovations Ltd.

Kakadu was developed by and continues to be maintained by David Taubman from University of New South Wales (UNSW), Australia. He  is also an author of EBCOT, one of the algorithms used in JPEG 2000.

The software library is named after Kakadu National Park.

It is used by several applications, such as for example Apple Inc. QuickTime.  It is also used in Google Earth and the online implementation thereof as well as Internet Archive.

Kakadu library is heavily optimized and is a fully compliant implementation. Also, it has built-in multi-threading. In a 2007 study Kakadu outperformed the JasPer library in terms of speed.
A more thorough comparison done in 2005, however, has shown that Kakadu does not achieve the best performance, in terms of compression quality.

Proprietary software
Proprietary software is software that grants its creator, publisher, or other rightsholder or rightsholder partner a legal monopoly by modern copyright and intellectual property law to exclude the recipient from freely sharing the software or modifying it, and—in some cases, as is the case with some patent-encumbered and EULA-bound software—from making use of the software on their own, thereby restricting their freedoms.

Proprietary software is a subset of non-free software, a term defined in contrast to free and open-source software; non-commercial licenses such as CC BY-NC are not deemed proprietary, but are non-free. Proprietary software may either be closed-source software or source-available software.