hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing
European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) is a scientific committee for defining guidelines to interpret antimicrobial resistance. It was formed in 1997 and is jointly organized by ESCMID, ECDC and other European laboratories.

EUCAST guidelines are one of the most popular breakpoint guidelines used in antimicrobial susceptibility testing worldwide. The EUCAST guidelines are freely available to all of their users.

Like the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, EUCAST offers guidelines to interpret raw minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), the lowest concentration of a chemical, usually a drug, which prevents visible growth of bacterium. The interpretation to antimicrobial resistance (reported as "R") or antimicrobial susceptibility (reported as "S") differs for all bug-drug combinations which is why guidelines are needed.

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) is an agency of the European Union (EU) whose mission is to strengthen Europe's defences against infectious diseases. It covers a wide spectrum of activities, such as: surveillance, epidemic intelligence, response, scientific advice, microbiology, preparedness, public health training, international relations, health communication, and the scientific journal Eurosurveillance. The centre was established in 2004 and is headquartered in Solna, Sweden.
Aghbugha II Jaqeli
Aghbugha II Jaqeli (Georgian: აღბუღა II ჯაყელი; 1407–1451) was a Georgian prince (mtavari) and Atabeg of Samtskhe from 1444 to 1451. He was a member of Jaqeli family, son of the energetic and separatist ruler Ivane II Jaqeli. In 1444, after his father's death Aghbugha was appointed as Atabeg by Georgian king Vakhtang IV, son of Alexander I The Great. Aghbugha's reign lasted for only 7 years. In this period He was fighting against his rebellious and arrogant brother Qvarqvare. In 1447 Aghbugha asked George VIII for help. Georgian king conducted military campaign against Qvarqvare, defeated and imprisoned him. After this Aghbugha reinstated power. He died in 1451 and was succeeded by his brother Qvarqvare II as the new atabeg.

Prince
A prince is a male ruler (ranked below a king, grand prince, and grand duke) or a male member of a monarch's or former monarch's family. Prince is also a title of nobility (often highest), often hereditary, in some European states. The female equivalent is a princess. The English word derives, via the French word prince, from the Latin noun prīnceps, from primus (first) and caput (head), meaning "the first, foremost, the chief, most distinguished, noble ruler, prince".

In a related sense, now not commonly used, all more or less sovereign rulers over a state, including kings, were "princes" in the language of international politics. They normally had another title, for example king or duke. Many of these were Princes of the Holy Roman Empire.
Custos Rotulorum of Buckinghamshire
This is a list of people who have served as Custos Rotulorum of Buckinghamshire.

Sir Francis Bryan bef. 1544 – bef. 1547

Francis Russell, 2nd Earl of Bedford bef. 1547 – c. 1578

Arthur Grey, 14th Baron Grey of Wilton c. 1578–1593

Sir John Fortescue 1594–1600

Sir Francis Fortescue 1600–1617

George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham 1617–1628

John Egerton, 1st Earl of Bridgewater 1628–1649

Interregnum

John Egerton, 2nd Earl of Bridgewater 1660–1686

George Jeffreys, 1st Baron Jeffreys 1686–1689

Thomas Wharton, 5th Baron Wharton 1689–1702

For later custodes rotulorum, see Lord Lieutenant of Buckinghamshire.

George Jeffreys, 1st Baron Jeffreys
George Jeffreys, 1st Baron Jeffreys PC (15 May 1645 – 18 April 1689) was a Welsh judge and politician. He became notable during the reign of King James II, rising to the position of Lord Chancellor (and serving as Lord High Steward in certain instances). His conduct as a judge was to enforce royal policy, resulting in a historical reputation for severity and bias, earning Jeffreys the nickname of "the Hanging Judge".
Zamzam Dahir Mohamud
Zamzam Dahir Mohamud (Somali: Zamzam Daahir Maxamuud) is a politician from Galmudug. In 2023, she became the first woman to be elected to the Senate of Somalia. She was elected to represent Galmudug state. Galmudug has six seats in the senate, two of which are reserved for women as part of a 30% parliamentary quota in Somalia.

Senate of Somalia
The Senate of Somalia is the upper chamber of the bicameral legislature of Somalia, which, along with the lower chamber constitutes the legislature of Somalia. The Senate chamber is located in Mogadishu, the capital City of Somalia.

The term "Senator" usually refers to a member of the Aqalka Sare, the Upper House of Somalia Federal parliament and the term "Xildhibaan" is used for the member of the House of People (the lower house), this does not imply the former is more powerful than the latter. The approval of both houses is necessary for legislation to become law and, thus, the Senate can reject bills passed by the House of the People.
Mooga Nomu
Mooga Nomu (transl. Mute Lips) is a 1969 Indian Telugu-language drama film, produced M. Murugan, M. Saravanan and M. Kumaran of AVM Productions and directed by D. Yoganand. The film stars Akkineni Nageswara Rao ,Jamuna and Venniradai Nirmala with music composed by R. Govardhanam. It is a remake of the studio's Tamil film Kalathur Kannamma (1960). The film was released on 13 February 1969.

M. Saravanan (producer)
Saravanan Surya Mani (1940 – 4 December 2025), also known as AVM Saravanan, was an Indian film producer of Tamil cinema. His production company is AVM Productions, which was founded in 1945 by his father, the famed director-producer A. V. Meiyappan, who is widely regarded as one of the pioneers of Tamil cinema.

Saravanan was involved in hits such as Naanum Oru Penn, Samsaram Adhu Minsaram, Sivaji: The Boss, Vettaikaran, Minsara Kanavu, Leader and Ayan. He was the father of M. S. Guhan, another producer of movies. Saravanan owned the AVM Studios in Chennai. As a producer he won two Filmfare Awards South. He also served as the Sheriff of Madras in 1986.

Saravanan died on 4 December 2025, at the age of 85. He had been suffering from health issues for a few years and was undergoing treatment intermittently.
Golden State Mutual Life Insurance Building (1949)
The Golden State Mutual Life Insurance Building is a landmark 5-story, 84 ft (26 m) office building in the Late Modern style built in 1949 as the headquarters for its namesake company. The building was designed by Paul Revere Williams, the noted African-American Architect.  The building is located in West Adams in South Los Angeles about 3.5 miles southwest of Downtown Los Angeles and 2 miles northwest of Exposition Park and USC at the intersection of Adams Blvd and Western Avenue. This was the company's second building to bear this name, the first having been built in 1928.

Exposition Park, Los Angeles
Exposition Park is a neighborhood in the south region of Los Angeles, California. It is home to Exposition Park, which includes the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum, BMO Stadium, the Exposition Rose Garden and three museums: the California African American Museum, the California Science Center and the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. It is also home to a Science Center Academy.
Nanyang East railway station
The Nanyangdong (Nanyang East) railway station (simplified Chinese: 南阳东站; traditional Chinese: 南陽東站; pinyin: nányáng dōngzhàn) is a railway station for high-speed trains in Nanyang, Henan, China. It was opened on December 1, 2019 with the Zhengzhou to Xiangyang section of Zhengzhou–Wanzhou high-speed railway.

Xiangyang
Xiangyang is the second-largest prefecture-level city by population in northwestern Hubei province, China. It was known as Xiangfan from 1950 to 2010. The Han River runs through Xiangyang's centre and divides the city north–south. The city itself is an agglomeration of two once separate cities: Fancheng and Xiangyang (or Xiangcheng), and was known as Xiangfan before 2010. What remains of old Xiangyang is located south of the Han River and contains one of the oldest still-intact city walls in China, while Fancheng is located to the north of the Han River. Both cities served prominent historical roles in both ancient and pre-modern Chinese history. Today, the city has been a target of government and private investment as the country seeks to urbanize and develop the interior provinces. Its built-up area made up of 3 urban districts had 2,319,640 inhabitants at the 2020 census while the whole municipality contained approximately 5,260,951 people.
IFK Tumba Hockey
IFK Tumba Hockey is a Swedish ice hockey team currently playing in the third-tier league Division 1. Their home arena is Ishuset in Tumba, just outside Botkyrka in the Stockholm suburbs.

The club was founded in 1937 as the ice hockey section of IFK Tumba, five years after IFK Tumba was founded. The senior team was quite successful during the 1940s and the 1990s, playing in the second-tier leagues (Division 2 during the 1940s, Division 1 during the 1990s). In 1998, the senior team merged with Botkyrka IF to become Tumba/Botkyrka. Two years later, Tumba/Botkyrka was renamed Botkyrka HC.

In August 2013, IFK Tumba Hockey merged with Botkyrka HC, giving IFK Tumba a senior ice hockey team. IFK Tumba Hockey took Botkyrka HC's spot in Division 1.

Botkyrka Municipality
Botkyrka Municipality (Botkyrkaⓘ kommun) is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden, not far from the capital Stockholm. Its seat is located in the town of Tumba.

In 1971 Grödinge was merged with Botkyrka and in 1974 Salem was added. The Salem part was split off again in 1983, and a new Salem Municipality was formed.
Paisley Park (horse)
Paisley Park (foaled 11 March 2012) is an Irish-bred, British-trained racehorse.  He showed promise when finishing second in a National Hunt Flat race on his debut but nearly died when he contracted colic shortly afterwards. He won one race as a novice hurdler in the 2017/18 National Hunt season and established himself as an outstanding stayer in the following season when he won the Betfair Stayers' Handicap Hurdle, Long Walk Hurdle, Cleeve Hurdle and Stayers' Hurdle. In the 2019/20 National Hunt season he won the Long Distance Hurdle and a second Cleeve Hurdle. In his next campaign he took the Long Walk Hurdle again and ran third in the Stayers' Hurdle.

Long Distance Hurdle
The Long Distance Hurdle is a Grade 2 National Hunt hurdle race in Great Britain which is open to horses aged four years or older. It is run at Newbury over a distance of about 3 miles (3 miles and 52 yards, or 4,876 metres), and during its running there are twelve hurdles to be jumped. The race is scheduled to take place each year in late November or early December.

The event was established in 1990.
A121 highway (Russia)
The Russian route A121, also known as the Sortavala Highway, is a Russian federal highway from Saint Petersburg to R21 highway in the Republic of Karelia. On the route Saint Petersburg – Sortavala – R21 "Kola" its length is 448 km. In 2017 a 54-km-long road section to Vyartsilya and Finland–Russia border became a part of the A121 highway increasing the total length of the Sortavala Highway to 502 km.

Priozersky District
Priozersky District (Russian: Приозерский район) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Leningrad Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northwest of the oblast and borders with Lakhdenpokhsky District of the Republic of Karelia in the north, Vsevolozhsky District in the south, and Vyborgsky District in the west. In the east, the district is bounded by Lake Ladoga. The area of the district is 3,597.5 square kilometers (1,389.0 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Priozersk. Population (excluding the administrative center): 43,260 (2010 Census); 42,859 (2002 Census); 40,231 (1989 Soviet census).
222nd Battalion, CEF
The 222nd Battalion, CEF was a unit in the Canadian Expeditionary Force during the First World War.  Based in Winnipeg, Manitoba, the unit began recruiting in early 1916 throughout the province.  After sailing to England in November 1916 onboard the RMS Olympic, the battalion was absorbed into the 19th Reserve Battalion on January 2, 1917.  The 222nd Battalion, CEF had one Officer Commanding: Lieut-Col. James Lightfoot.

Notable member of the 222nd Infantry was Amos William Mayse, a veteran of both the Boer War and World War I He was severally injured in both wars. He returned to Manitoba following the Boer war. He became a pastor, and preached in Neepawa and Peguis before war broke out in 1914. He enlisted into the 222nd, where he quickly rose up the ranks to lieutenant. Following the war, he returned to Canada, retiring in British Columbia, where he stayed till his death in 1948.

This battalion is perpetuated by the Royal Winnipeg Rifles.

Canadian Expeditionary Force
The Canadian Expeditionary Force (CEF; French: Corps expéditionnaire canadien) was the expeditionary field force of Canada during the First World War. It was formed on August 15, 1914, following Britain’s declaration of war on the German Empire, with an initial strength of one infantry division. The division subsequently fought at Ypres on the Western Front, with a newly raised second division reinforcing the committed units to form the Canadian Corps. The CEF and corps was eventually expanded to four infantry divisions, which were all committed to the fighting in France and Belgium along the Western Front. A fifth division was partially raised in 1917, but was broken up in 1918 and used as reinforcements following heavy casualties.
Puffs, or Seven Increasingly Eventful Years at a Certain School of Magic and Magic
Puffs, or Seven Increasingly Eventful Years at a Certain School of Magic and Magic is a 2015 original comedy play by New York–based playwright Matt Cox. The play is a parody of the Harry Potter book series by J. K. Rowling, but from the perspective of the "Puffs": that is, members of the Hogwarts house, Hufflepuff.

The play premiered at The People's Improv Theater on December 3, 2015. It moved to the Off-Broadway theater New World Stages in 2016. The show has been praised for its comedy and staging. It was nominated for the Off-Broadway Alliance Award for "Best Unique Theatrical Experience" in 2017.

Magical objects in Harry Potter
Magical objects make frequent appearances in the Harry Potter novels and film adaptations, creating and resolving major plot elements, establishing the fantasy world the characters inhabit, and often driving comic episodes.
2nd Army Corps (France)
The 2nd Army Corps (French: 2e Corps d'Armée) was first formed before World War I. During World War II it fought in the Campaign for France in 1940 and during the 1944–45 campaigns in southern France, the Vosges Mountains, Alsace, and southwestern Germany. It was active under the First Army for many years after World War II.

Baden-Baden
Baden-Baden (German pronunciation: [ˈbaːdn̩ ˈbaːdn̩] ⓘ) is a spa town in the state of Baden-Württemberg, south-western Germany, at the north-western border of the Black Forest mountain range on the small river Oos, ten kilometres (six miles) east of the Rhine, the border with France, and forty kilometres (twenty-five miles) north-east of Strasbourg, France.

In 2021, the town became part of the transnational UNESCO World Heritage Site under the name "Great Spa Towns of Europe", because of its famous spas and architecture that exemplifies the popularity of spa towns in Europe in the 18th through 20th centuries.
DGI-Huset
DGI-Huset or DGI Huset Aarhus is a sports center located in Aarhus, Denmark. Parts of the buildings are historic, built in 1910 as part of the Aarhus Central Workshops for the Danish national railway company DSB. In 1990, DSB closed and sold their repair facilities to Aarhus Municipality and in 1997 the sports organization of DGI bought the building. An extensive renovation and construction project was completed on 11 October 2003, including new extensions. The buildings now serves as the primary facility for the sports organization Danske Gymnastik- & Idrætsforeninger in Aarhus, featuring a number of sports facilities, conference rooms. It is also home to some local sports clubs. The organization DGI-Århusegnen, the local chapter of the national organization DGI, took initiative to establish the sports center in the building.

DSB (railway company)
DSB, an abbreviation of Danske Statsbaner (pronounced [ˈtænskə ˈstɛˀtsˌpɛːnɐ], Danish State Railways), is the largest Danish train operating company. It's also the largest train operating company in Scandinavia. While DSB is responsible for passenger train operation on most of the Danish railways, goods transport and railway maintenance are outside its scope. DSB runs a commuter rail system, called the S-train, in the area around the Danish capital, Copenhagen, that connects the different areas and suburbs in the greater metropolitan area. Between 2010 and 2017, DSB operated trains in Sweden.

DSB was founded in 1885, when the state-owned companies De jysk-fynske Statsbaner and De sjællandske Statsbaner merged. DSB was established in 1885, after the state in 1867 under the name De Jutland-Fynske Statsbaner took over the private company Det Danske Jernbanedriftselskab and in 1880 they also took over the privately owned Zealand Railway Company.
Episkopeio
Episkopeio (Greek: Επισκοπειό) is a village located in the Nicosia District of Cyprus.

The church of the Apostle Andrew and all Russian saints is located near the village. The church is constructed in traditional Russian orthodox style. The construction of the church began in October 2015 and was finished on 7 July 2016 as it was performed in short terms. Its 5 domes, including the central one that weights 7 tons, were made in Saint Petersburg and were installed by Russian specialists. The church is the first and only Russian church in Cyprus that has gilded domes.

Nicosia District
The Nicosia District, or simply Nicosia (also Lefkosia and Lefkoşa), is one of the six districts of Cyprus. Its main town is the island country's capital city, Nicosia. The de facto TRNC-controlled northern part of the district is the Lefkoşa District of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.

TRNC-controlled areas of the Larnaca District of the Republic of Cyprus are administered as part of Nicosia District, while western parts of the Nicosia District under de facto TRNC control are administered as part of the new Güzelyurt and Lefke Districts.
Tetiana Kolesnikova
Tetiana Mykolaïvna Kolesnikova (Ukrainian: Тетяна Миколаївна Колеснікова;born 9 August 1977 in Mykolaiv) is a Ukrainian rower. At the 2004 Olympics she was disqualified with her team after one of her teammates, Olena Olefirenko, tested positive for ethamivan.

Etamivan
Etamivan (INN, or ethamivan (USAN); trade names Analepticon, Emivan, and Vandid) is a respiratory stimulant drug related to nikethamide. It was mainly used in the treatment of barbiturate overdose and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, but has now largely fallen into disuse.

Adverse effects which are common to the respiratory stimulant class include sneezing, coughing, and laryngospasm when infused too rapidly. More serious adverse events include muscle twitching, tremors, and convulsions. The dose to treat barbiturate intoxication or carbon dioxide narcosis in adults ranges from 0.5 mg/kg to 5.0 mg/kg, infused intravenously over several minutes. Epilepsy and the use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors or other adrenergic drugs are contraindications.
Ruben Wagensberg
Ruben Wagensberg Ramon (born 10 September 1986) is a Catalan politician and activist. In the 2017 Catalan Parliamentary elections, he secured a seat as a deputy on behalf of Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya. On 12 March 2021 he was elected to the Board of the Parliament of Catalonia.

Wagensberg is also known as the promoter and spokesperson for the "Casa nostra, casa vostra" (Our home, your home) campaign, which aimed to highlight and address issues related to welcoming refugees. The campaign's most notable event was the "Volem acollir" (We want to welcome) protest, held on 18 February 2017, in Barcelona. According to the organizers, the protest attracted 500,000 participants, while the Urban Guard reported a turnout of 160,000.

Board of the Parliament of Catalonia
The Board of the Parliament of Catalonia (Catalan: Mesa del Parlament) is the body responsible for the 
management of the Parliament of Catalonia. It is composed of the 
President of the Parliament, 
the two Vice-Presidents of the Parliament and four Secretaries, who 
are elected (in separate votes) by the 
Plenary Assembly.

The main functions of the Board are

to organize the work of Parliament;

to interpret parliamentary procedure;

to manage the various support services of Parliament.

The President (or one of the Vice-Presidents as necessary) is also responsible for chairing sessions of the Plenary Assembly, and for the external representation of Parliament.
Legitimist Party (Nicaragua)
The Legitimist Party (Spanish: Partido Legitimista, PL) was a conservative Nicaraguan political party, the first in its country. The power base of the Legitimist Party was in Granada. The Legitimists were opposed to the Democrats. After several years of civil war between the Legitimists and the Democrats, a provisional government was established in June 1857 which had as its joint leaders the Legitimist Tomás Martínez and the Democrat Máximo Jerez.

The Nicaraguan Conservative Party defined itself as a continuation of the Legitimist Party and traces its history back to PL's foundation in 1823.

Tomás Martínez
Tomás Martínez Guerrero (21 December 1820 – 12 March 1873) was the President of Nicaragua between 15 November 1857 and 1 March 1867. From 24 June 1857 to 19 October or 15 November 1857, he acted jointly as the 2nd president in a dual junta with the Liberal Máximo Jerez formed on 23 January.

He was born in Nagarote, son of Joaquín Martínez and María Guerrero Mora. He was put in power by the other Central American countries after they drove out William Walker in 1857. His main task as President was to restore order following the civil war. A member of the Conservative Party, he began a period of 35 years of conservative rule in Nicaragua.

He died in León, Nicaragua.
Corrinne Tarver
Corrinne Wright Tarver (born 1968) is an American gymnastics coach and former artistic gymnast. In 1989, representing the Georgia Bulldogs, she won the NCAA All-Around Gymnastics Championships, becoming the first African-American woman to do so. In 2022, she became the inaugural coach of the Fisk University gymnastics team. Tarver’s collegiate career took place during the first generation of NCAA women’s athletes to benefit from Title IX, the landmark 1972 legislation that expanded scholarship and athletic opportunities for women in education. Scholars examining women's athletics and the continuing influence of Title IX, such as Ana Apostoleris Riveria have noted how the law transformed access to sport while shaping later discussions of equity and representation.

NCAA women's gymnastics tournament
The NCAA women's gymnastics tournament is an annual competition sponsored by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) to determine the team and individual national champions of women's collegiate gymnastics among its member programs in the United States. Unlike most other NCAA-sponsored sports, the women's gymnastics championship is not separated into divisions and uses a single National Collegiate tournament instead.
Koretz (surname)
Koretz is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Leo Koretz (1879–1925), American lawyer and stockbroker

Paul Koretz (born 1955), American politician

Zvi Koretz (1884–1945), Greek rabbi

Zvi Koretz
Zvi Hirsch Koretz (Greek: Σέβη Κόρετς; 2 June 1884 – 3 June 1945), also written as Tzevi or Sevi Koretz, was an Ashkenazi Jew who served as the Chief Rabbi of Saloniki's Jewish community from 1933 to 1945. His role as president of the Judenrat during World War II has been called into controversy, with many accusing him of being a Nazi collaborator.