hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Primer-E Primer
Plymouth Routines In Multivariate Ecological Research (PRIMER) is a statistical package that is a collection of specialist univariate, multivariate, and graphical routines for analyzing species sampling data for community ecology. Types of data analyzed are typically species abundance, biomass, presence/absence, and percent area cover, among others. It is primarily used in the scientific community for ecological and environmental studies.

Multivariate routines include:

grouping (CLUSTER)

sorting (MDS)

principal component identification (PCA)

hypothesis testing (ANOSIM)

sample discrimination (SIMPER)

trend correlation (BEST)

comparisons (RELATE)

diversity, dominance, and distribution calculating

Permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA)

Routines can be resource intensive due to their non-parametric and permutation-based nature.  Programmed in the VB.Net environment.

Multivariate analysis of variance
In statistics, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) is a procedure for comparing multivariate sample means. As a multivariate procedure, it is used when there are two or more dependent variables, and is often followed by significance tests involving individual dependent variables separately.

Without relation to the image, the dependent variables may be k life satisfactions scores measured at sequential time points and p job satisfaction scores measured at sequential time points. In this case there are k+p dependent variables whose linear combination follows a multivariate normal distribution, multivariate variance-covariance matrix homogeneity, and linear relationship, no multicollinearity, and each without outliers.
Harvey Whalen House
Harvey Whalen House is a historic home located in the town of Penfield in Monroe County, New York. The brick building, constructed in 1875, consists of a 2+1⁄2-story, three-bay, Victorian Gothic main block with attached Second Empire tower and 1-story brick addition.  Also on the property are three contributing structures; two barns (now garages) and a shed.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.

Harvey Whalen, a farmer and Penfield town Poormaster, left the house and surrounding Maple Hill Farm to his sons.   Of the three sons (Howard, Charles, and H. Wilson Whalen), two went on to serve terms as Penfield town supervisor.  Later owners included the Footer family and the Simonetti family.

Monroe County, New York
Monroe County is a county in the U.S. state of New York, located along Lake Ontario's southern shore. As of 2022, the population was 752,035, according to Census Bureau estimates. Its county seat and largest city is Rochester. The county is named after James Monroe, the fifth president of the United States. Monroe County is part of the upstate Rochester, NY Metropolitan Statistical Area. The county is part of the Finger Lakes region of the state.
Kıraç (singer)
Ali Tufan Kıraç (born 17 June 1972) is a Turkish anatolian rock and heavy metal musician.

As a son of a teacher, he began his elementary studies in his birthplace of Göksun. He completed his primary and secondary education in Hasköy, Istanbul. After he completed his high school education, he joined Marmara University, Atatürk Faculty of Music Education.

Namık Nağdaliyev, the guitarist in Kıraç's backing band, is well known for his work with the pioneering Azerbaijani hard rock band Yukhu in the 1990s.

Göksun
Göksun (Greek: Κυκυσός, romanized: Kykysós, or Κουκουσός, Koukousós; Latin: Coxon or Cucusus; Armenian: Կոկիսոն) is a municipality and district of Kahramanmaraş Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,942 km2, and its population is 50,676 (2022). It is near one of the sources of the Ceyhan River (ancient Pyramos), in the ancient region of Cataonia.
1997 Gambian parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in the Gambia on 2 January 1997 three months after presidential elections. The first parliamentary elections since Yahya Jammeh's 1994 coup, they were also the first parliamentary elections to be held under the new constitution approved in a 1996 referendum. However, Decree 89 meant that pre-1994 parties (such as the former ruling People's Progressive Party) were still banned. Freedom House characterized the election as "deeply flawed."

The elections were originally scheduled for 11 December 1996, but following an attack on military barracks at Farafenni at the start of November, they were postponed, and all political rallies were banned. Jammeh's Alliance for Patriotic Reorientation and Construction won 33 of the 45 elected seats, enough to change the constitution.

1994 Gambian coup d'état
In the 1994 Gambian coup d'état, a group of soldiers led by 29-year-old Lieutenant Yahya Jammeh seized power in a coup d'état on the morning of 22 July, ousting Dawda Jawara, who had been President of The Gambia since it became a Republic in 1970.

The coup plotters dissolved the government, arrested government members, and abolished the constitution. The coup led to the installment of Yahya Jammeh as president, who ruled The Gambia as an authoritarian for 22 years.
Julia Böttcher
Julia Böttcher is a German discrete mathematician and a professor of mathematics at the London School of Economics. Her research involves graph theory, including graph and hypergraph packing problems, random graphs and random subgraphs, and the relations between graph parameters including graph bandwidth, degree, and chromatic number.

Degree (graph theory)
In graph theory, the degree (or valency) of a vertex of a graph is the number of edges that are incident to the vertex; in a multigraph, a loop contributes 2 to a vertex's degree, for the two ends of the edge. The degree of a vertex  is denoted  or . The maximum degree of a graph  is denoted by , and is the maximum of 's vertices' degrees. The minimum degree of a graph is denoted by , and is the minimum of 's vertices' degrees. In the multigraph shown on the right, the maximum degree is 5 and the minimum degree is 0.

In a regular graph, every vertex has the same degree, and so we can speak of the degree of the graph. A complete graph (denoted , where  is the number of vertices in the graph) is a special kind of regular graph where all vertices have the maximum possible degree, .

In a signed graph, the number of positive edges connected to a vertex  is called its positive degree and the number of connected negative edges is called  negative degree.
St. Luke's Episcopal Church (Eden, North Carolina)
St. Luke's Episcopal Church, also known as The Rock Church, is a historic Episcopal church located at 604 Morgan Road in Eden, Rockingham County, North Carolina.  It was built in 1926, and is a one-story Mission Gothic style solid masonry church. It has a gabled roof that is intersected by gabled transepts and a pointed arch tracery stained glass window. A stained-glass window at St. Luke's was given by Lily Morehead Mebane in memory of her mother, Mary Lily Connally Morehead. It features a three-stage crenellated corner tower.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.

Rockingham County, North Carolina
Rockingham County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 91,096. Its county seat is Wentworth. The county is known as "North Carolina's North Star".
Don't Go Away (Fun Factory song)
"Don't Go Away" is a song by German Eurodance band Fun Factory, released in April 1996 by various labels as the fourth single from the band's second album, Fun-Tastic (1995). It is written by Bülent Aris, Toni Cottura and Rodney Hardison, and was a success especially in Spain, peaking at number six. Additionally, the single was a top-40 hit in Austria and Germany. Outside Europe, "Don't Go Away" reached number 93 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in the US. Its accompanying music video was directed by V. Hannwacker & M. Rosenmüller, featuring the band performing at a party on the beach.

Eurodance
Eurodance (sometimes referred to as Euro-NRG) is a genre of electronic dance music that originated in the late 1980s in Europe. It combines many elements of rap, techno and Eurodisco. This genre of music is heavily influenced by the use of rich vocals, sometimes with rapped verses. This, combined with cutting-edge synthesizers, strong bass rhythm and melodic hooks, establishes the core foundation of Eurodance music.
Landing (series)
Landing is a series of flight simulator video games by Taito. Almost all games were released for arcades, except the Jet de Go! Series released for PlayStation consoles.

They are amateur flight simulation arcade video games that run on the Taito Air System and use 3D polygon graphics. They simulate commercial airliners, while utilizing motion simulator cockpit arcade cabinets. Air Inferno (1990) is a spin-off 3D aerial firefighting helicopter simulation running on the same hardware.

Motion simulator
A motion simulator or motion platform is a mechanism that creates the feelings of being in a real motion environment.  In a simulator, the movement is synchronised with a visual display of the outside world (OTW) scene.  Motion platforms can provide movement in all of the six degrees of freedom (DOF) that can be experienced by an object that is free to move, such as an aircraft or spacecraft:.  These are the three rotational degrees of freedom (roll, pitch, yaw) and three translational or linear degrees of freedom (surge, heave, sway).
Sour Suite
"Sour Suite" is a song written by Burton Cummings and performed by The Guess Who.  It reached #12 in Canada and #50 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1972.  The song was featured on their 1971 album, So Long, Bannatyne. Cummings said it took between two and three days to write the song. Its lyric about being "back in 46201" refers to a zip code for Indianapolis. Cummings took it from the return address of a letter sent to him by a female fan.

The song was produced by Jack Richardson.

The single's B-side, "Life in the Bloodstream", also charted, reaching #39 in Canada.

Jack Richardson (music producer)
Jack Arnold Richardson CM (23 July 1929 – 13 May 2011) was a Canadian Juno Award-nominated record producer and Order of Canada recipient. He is perhaps best known for producing the biggest hit records from The Guess Who from 1969 to 1975.  He was part of the faculty at Fanshawe College in London, Ontario as an educator in the Music Industry Arts program for almost 20 years, as well as at the Harris Institute for the Arts in Toronto, Ontario. His son is record producer Garth Richardson.
Conant Brook Dam
The Conant Brook Dam is located on Conant Brook in Monson, Massachusetts, about 7.4 miles (11.9 km) upstream from the confluence of Conant Brook and the Quaboag River. It is approximately 15 miles (24 km) east of Springfield, Massachusetts.

Designed and constructed by the United States Army Corps of Engineers, this dam substantially reduces flooding along the Quaboag, Chicopee, and Connecticut rivers. Construction of the project began in 1964 with completion in 1966 at a cost of US$2,950,530.

The Conant Brook Dam is located within the Chicopee River watershed and is part of the Connecticut River basin. Access to the site is available from State Route 32 and State Route 19.

Massachusetts Route 19
Route 19 is a 16.54-mile-long (26.62 km) north–south state highway located in south central Massachusetts, United States. It runs from the Connecticut border in Wales north to an intersection with Massachusetts Route 9 and Massachusetts Route 67 in the town of West Brookfield.

The highway continues south of the state border as Connecticut Route 19.
Mount Yakushi
Mount Yakushi (薬師岳, Yakushi-dake) is one of the 100 Famous Japanese Mountains, reaching the height of 2,926 m (9,600 ft). It is situated in Japan's Hida Mountains in Toyama Prefecture. It was specified for Chūbu-Sangaku National Park on December 4, 1934.

Kurobe River
The Kurobe River (黒部川, Kurobe-gawa) is a river in Toyama Prefecture, Japan. The river is 86 kilometres (53 mi) in length and has a watershed of 689 square kilometres (266 mi2).

The river rises from Mount Washiba in the Hida Mountains and carves the deep valley known as the Kurobe Gorge. It comes out of the mountains at Unazuki and forms an alluvial fan which directly sinks into the Sea of Japan.
Give Me Something (David Guetta song)
"Give Me Something" is a house song performed by French DJ David Guetta, featuring vocals from singer-songwriter Barbara Tucker. The track was released as the fourth single from his debut studio album, Just a Little More Love. The single was only released in France. No music video exists for the track.

Barbara Tucker
Barbara Tucker (born March 19, 1967), is an American house and soul singer, songwriter and choreographer born in Brooklyn, New York, US. Tucker had six No. 1 hits on the US Hot Dance Club Songs chart in the 1990s and into the 2000s, and several hits in the UK.
NHL 2K6
NHL 2K6 is an ice hockey simulation made by 2K, and published on the Xbox, PlayStation 2, and Xbox 360 consoles. It features goaltender Marty Turco on the cover of games sold in the United States, and forward Mats Sundin on the cover of games sold in Canada and Europe.

The game brings all the features from the previous year's game, ESPN NHL 2K5, along with others. However, Hockey Night in Canada lead broadcast team of Bob Cole and Harry Neale replaces ESPN/ABC lead broadcast team of Gary Thorne and Bill Clement to provide commentary It features a new "crease control" system, which allows the player to control the player's team's goalie and make critical saves. It is the first to implement the new NHL shootout system as the default, and the first ice hockey simulation released for the Xbox 360.

Shootout
A shootout, also called a firefight, gunfight, or gun battle, is a confrontation in which parties armed with firearms exchange gunfire. The term can be used to describe any such fight, though it is typically used in a non-military context or to describe combat situations primarily using firearms (generally excluding crew-served weapons, combat vehicles, armed aircraft, or explosives).

Shootouts often pit law enforcement against criminals, though they can also involve parties outside of law enforcement, such as rival gangs, militias, or individuals. Military combat situations are rarely titled "shootouts", and are almost always considered battles, engagements, skirmishes, exchanges, or firefights.

Shootouts are often depicted in action films, Westerns, and video games.
Meana di Susa
Meana di Susa (Piedmontese and Arpitan: Meana, French: Méans) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region of Piedmont, located about 50 km west of Turin. Meana di Susa borders the municipalities of Susa, Gravere, Mattie, Usseaux, and Fenestrelle.

The village name is derived from its original Latin name of Mediana, signifying its location as the midpoint on the road from Paris to Rome. Residents are known as "Meanesi."

From September 1943 until April 1945, Meana served as a hub of the Italian Resistance Movement against the occupying German Nazi Army and their Italian Fascist allies. It is here that Ada Gobetti established her base, from which she coordinated partisan actions.

Susa, Piedmont
Susa (Latin: Secusia; Segusio, Arpitan: Suisa, French: Suse) is a town and comune in the  Metropolitan City of Turin, Piedmont, Italy.  In the middle of Susa Valley, it is situated on at the confluence of the Cenischia with the Dora Riparia, a tributary of the Po River, at the foot of the Cottian Alps, 51 km (32 mi) west of Turin.
Watt/I-80 West station
Watt/I-80 West station is an at-grade light rail station on the Blue Line of the SacRT light rail system operated by the Sacramento Regional Transit District. The station is located in the median of Interstate 80 west of its intersection of Watt Avenue, after which the station is named, in the community of North Highlands, California, United States.

The station along with a 248 space park and ride lot, reused a partially built, but later abandoned freeway project.

North Highlands, California
North Highlands is a census-designated place (CDP) in Sacramento County, California, United States. It is part of the Sacramento metropolitan area. The population was 49,327 at the 2020 census, up from 42,694 at the 2010 census.
Charge carrier
In solid state physics, a charge carrier is a particle or quasiparticle that is free to move, carrying an electric charge, especially the particles that carry electric charges in electrical conductors. Examples are electrons, ions and holes. In a conducting medium, an electric field can exert force on these free particles, causing a net motion of the particles through the medium; this is what constitutes an electric current. 
The electron and the proton are the elementary charge carriers, each carrying one elementary charge (e), of the same magnitude and opposite sign.

Sign (mathematics)
In mathematics, the sign of a real number is its property of being either positive, negative, or 0. Depending on local conventions, zero may be considered as having its own unique sign, having no sign, or having both positive and negative sign. In some contexts, it makes sense to distinguish between a positive and a negative zero.

In mathematics and physics, the phrase "change of sign" is associated with exchanging an object for its additive inverse (multiplication with −1, negation), an operation which is not restricted to real numbers. It applies among other objects to vectors, matrices, and complex numbers, which are not prescribed to be only either positive, negative, or zero.

The word "sign" is also often used to indicate binary aspects of mathematical or scientific objects, such as odd and even (sign of a permutation), sense of orientation or rotation (cw/ccw), one sided limits, and other concepts described in § Other meanings below.
Matt Gorman
Matt Gorman (born May 1, 1984) is a former professional basketball player who last played for the Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Steamers. He played college basketball for Syracuse University during their first national championship in 2003. He also played three years of professional basketball in Europe. Matt's uncle is Steve Gorman, drummer for The Black Crowes rock band.

Steve Gorman
Steve Gorman (born August 17, 1965) is an American musician and radio host. He is best known as the former drummer of the American rock and roll band The Black Crowes. He spent time as the drummer for British rock band Stereophonics. He also hosted his own radio show Steve Gorman Sports! on Fox Sports Radio. He is now the host of Steve Gorman Rocks! on Westwood One radio station affiliates and the morning-show co-host at KQRS-FM in Minneapolis. He also co-hosts on 101.5 WQUT in Tennessee.
Paul Pickworth
Paul John Pickworth (born 22 September 1958) is a retired English cricketer.  Pickworth was a left-handed batsman.  He was born in Corbridge, Northumberland.

Pickworth made his debut for Northumberland in the 1981 Minor Counties Championship against Lincolnshire.  Pickowrth played Minor counties cricket for Northumberland from 1981 to 1984, which included 10 Minor Counties Championship matches and 3 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches. He made his only List A appearance against Middlesex in the 1984 NatWest Trophy. In this match, he scored 5 runs before being dismissed by John Emburey.

Lincolnshire County Cricket Club
Lincolnshire County Cricket Club is one of twenty minor county clubs within the domestic cricket structure of England and Wales. It represents the historic county of Lincolnshire.

The team is currently a member of the Minor Counties Championship Eastern Division and plays in the MCCA Knockout Trophy. Lincolnshire played List A matches occasionally from 1966 until 2004 but is not classified as a List A team per se.

The club is based at Lincoln and plays matches around the county at Lincoln, Bourne, Grantham, London Road, Sleaford and Cleethorpes.
The Mighty Angel
The Mighty Angel (Polish: Pod Mocnym Aniołem) is a 2014 Polish drama film directed by Wojciech Smarzowski based on a book of the same name by Jerzy Pilch. It won Best Actor Award during 27th Tokyo International Film Festival.

Jerzy Pilch
Jerzy Pilch (Polish pronunciation: [ˈjɛʐɨ ˈpilx]; 10 August 1952 – 29 May 2020) was a Polish writer, columnist, and journalist. He is the winner of the 2001 Nike Award for his novel Pod Mocnym Aniołem. Critics have compared Pilch's style to Witold Gombrowicz, Milan Kundera, or Bohumil Hrabal.
Perfluoropropanesulfonic acid
Perfluoropropanesulfonic acid (PFPrS) is a PFAS chemical compound having a three-carbon fluorocarbon chain and a sulfonic acid functional group. It has been used within the manufacturing process of aqueous film forming foam (AFFF).

Firefighting foam
Firefighting foam is a foam used for fire suppression. Its role is to cool the fire and to coat the fuel, preventing its contact with oxygen, thus achieving suppression of the combustion. Firefighting foam was invented by the Moldovan engineer and chemist Aleksandr Loran in 1902.

The surfactants used must produce foam in concentrations of less than 1%. Other components of fire-retardant foams are organic solvents (e.g., trimethyl-trimethylene glycol and hexylene glycol), foam stabilizers (e.g., lauryl alcohol), and corrosion inhibitors.
Listed buildings in Firby, Bedale
Firby is a civil parish in the county of North Yorkshire, England.  It contains four listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England. All the listed buildings are designated at Grade II, the lowest of the three grades, which is applied to "buildings of national importance and special interest".  The parish contains the village of Firby and the surrounding countryside.  The listed buildings consist of two houses, a milestone and former almshouses.

Almshouse
An almshouse (also known as a bede-house, poorhouse, or hospital) is charitable housing provided to people in a particular community, especially during the Middle Ages. They were often built for the poor of a locality, for those who had held certain jobs, or their widows, and for elderly people who could no longer pay rent. They are generally maintained by a charity or the trustees of a bequest. "Alms" are, in the Christian tradition, money or services donated to support the poor and indigent. Almshouses were originally formed as extensions of the church system and were later adapted by local officials and authorities.
Petrowatch
Petrowatch is an English-language market intelligence newsletter on the Indian oil industry, published uninterrupted since February 1997.

Petrowatch has been cited by the BBC, The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, Forbes India, and the Financial Times for its coverage of the Indian oil industry, the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, the Directorate General of Hydrocarbons, and the Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board.

In addition, Petrowatch has been cited several times by Japanese investment bank Nomura, most recently in its India Gas Report published in February 2015 on Liquefied Natural Gas importer Petronet LNG.

Nomura Holdings
Nomura Holdings, Inc. is a Japanese financial holding company and a principal member of the Nomura Group, which is Japan's largest investment bank and brokerage group. It, along with its broker-dealer, banking and other financial services subsidiaries, provides investment, financing and related services to individual, institutional, and government customers on a global basis with an emphasis on securities businesses.