hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
W52 (nuclear warhead)
The W52 was a thermonuclear warhead developed for the MGM-29 Sergeant short-range ballistic missile used by the United States Army from 1962 to 1977. The W52 was 24 inches (61 cm) in diameter and 57 inches (140 cm) long, and weighed 950 pounds (430 kg).  It had a yield of 200 kilotons. A total of 300 W52 warheads were produced.

Researcher Chuck Hansen claims based on his research into the US nuclear program that the thermonuclear W52 and (fission-only) W30 warheads both use a common primary or fission first stage, and that this design was nicknamed the Boa primary.

TNT equivalent
TNT equivalent is a convention for expressing energy, typically used to describe the energy released in an explosion. A ton of TNT equivalent is a unit of energy defined by convention to be 4.184 gigajoules (1 gigacalorie). It is the approximate energy released in the detonation of a metric ton (megagram) of trinitrotoluene (TNT). In other words, for each gram of TNT exploded, 4.184 kilojoules (or 4184 joules) of energy are released.
This convention intends to compare the destructiveness of an event with that of conventional explosive materials, of which TNT is a typical example, although other conventional explosives such as dynamite contain more energy.
A related concept is the physical quantity TNT-equivalent mass (or mass of TNT equivalent), expressed in the ordinary units of mass and its multiples: kilogram (kg), megagram (Mg) or tonne (t), etc.
1973 Fidelity Tournament – Doubles
The 1973 Fidelity Tournament – Doubles was an event of the 1973 Fidelity Tournament men's tennis tournament played at the Richmond Coliseum in Richmond, Virginia in the United States from January 30 through February 4, 1973. The draw comprised 16 teams and four of them were seeded. Tom Okker and Marty Riessen were the defending doubles champions but did not compete in this edition. First-seeded Roy Emerson and Rod Laver won the doubles title, defeating the second-seeded team of Terry Addison and Colin Dibley in the final, 3–6, 6–3, 6–4.

Richmond Coliseum
Richmond Coliseum is a defunct arena located in downtown Richmond, Virginia, with a capacity of 13,500 that was most often used for various large concerts. The arena opened in 1971 and the region is looking to replace the aging facility with a larger one. The arena was quietly shuttered in February 2019 while new proposed replacements are in development.
Alier
Alier is a name. Notable people with this name include:

Abel Alier (born 1933), South Sudanese politician and judge

Alier Ashurmamadov (born 1970), Tajikistani footballer

Joan Martinez Alier (born 1939), Spanish economist

Lorenzo Alier Cassi (1878–1942), Spanish lawyer and politician

Abel Alier
Abel Alier Kwai (born June 23, 1933) is a South Sudanese politician and judge who served as First Vice President of Sudan between 1971 and 1982 and as President of the High Executive Council of the Southern Sudan Autonomous Region between 1972 and 1978. Abel Alier was a politician who managed to complete his college education among many Southern Sudanese. He is an internationally respected judge, human-rights lawyer and activist on behalf of Christians in the Sudan. Former Vice President of Sudan (1971–1982), he served as the first president of the High Executive Council of Southern Sudan. He sits on the Permanent Court of International Arbitration in The Hague and is recognized as Sudan's most prominent Christian lawyer. His latest book is Southern Sudan: Too Many Agreements Dishonoured.
Otaki (1875 ship)
The Otaki was a sailing ship of the New Zealand Shipping Company. It was built in 1875 by Palmers at Jarrow-on-Tyne, England.

She made 15 voyages out and home altogether, and, with the exception of three passages outwards, she never exceeded 100 days. Her runs to Auckland (three) were all under the average.

She once made a run from Port Chalmers to London in 1877, taking only 63 days to make the trip.

The Otaki "was a fast sailer, but generally was unfortunate with the weather".

Palmers Shipbuilding and Iron Company
Palmers Shipbuilding and Iron Company Limited, often referred to simply as "Palmers", was a British shipbuilding company. The company was based in Jarrow, County Durham, in north-eastern England, and had operations in Hebburn and Willington Quay on the River Tyne.
Rubin Stadium
Rubin Stadium is a football stadium in Kazan, Russia. It is located in the training ground of FC Rubin Kazan, and served as their home stadium until 1960. It has a capacity of 7,847. It was used as a venue for the 2013 Summer Universiade.

2013 Summer Universiade
The 2013 Summer Universiade, officially known as the XXVII Summer Universiade (Russian: XXVII Летняя Универсиада), was held in the city of Kazan, Russia, the most northerly city ever to host a Summer Universiade. Over 10,400 university athletes from 162 countries participated in 13 mandatory and 14 optional sports, making the 2013 Universiade the biggest ever in the history of the event. For the first time in history a Cultural Universiade was also included, with many festivals and shows held simultaneously with the sporting events. The Universiade was organized by the International University Sports Federation (FISU) and by the authorities of the Russian Federation.
Rice hoja blanca virus
Rice hoja blanca virus (RHBV), Spanish for "white leaf rice virus", is a plant virus in the family Phenuiviridae. RHBV causes Hoja blanca disease (HBD), which affects the leaves of the rice plant Oryza sativa, stunting the growth of the plant or killing it altogether. RHBV is carried by an insect vector, Tagosodes orizicolus, a type of planthopper. The virus is found in South America, Mexico, throughout Central America, the Caribbean region, and the southern United States. In South America, the disease is endemic to Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Suriname, French Guiana and Guyana.

RNA silencing
RNA silencing or RNA interference refers to a family of gene silencing effects by which gene expression is negatively regulated by non-coding RNAs such as microRNAs. RNA silencing may also be defined as sequence-specific regulation of gene expression triggered by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). RNA silencing mechanisms are conserved among most eukaryotes.  The most common and well-studied example is RNA interference (RNAi), in which endogenously expressed microRNA (miRNA) or exogenously derived small interfering RNA (siRNA) induces the degradation of complementary messenger RNA. Other classes of small RNA have been identified, including piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) and its subspecies repeat associated small interfering RNA (rasiRNA).
Nina Gäßler
Nina Gäßler (born 10 January 1975 in Ulm) is a German mountain biker and rower.

In 2005, she moved to Norway, settling in Geilo and worked as a rafting guide. She started mountain bike races in 2006. And has now a successful mountain bike enterprise.

Geilo
Geilo (Norwegian pronunciation: [jæɪ̯luː] ⓘ) is a centre in the municipality of Hol in Buskerud county, Norway. Geilo is primarily a ski resort town, with around 2,500 inhabitants. It is situated in the valley of Hallingdal, 250 km from Oslo and 260 km from Bergen. The Bergen Line facilitated Geilo's development as the first skiing resort in the country, and it is still one of the largest. It is also known for having some of the most luxurious and expensive holiday cabins in Norway. The center of the town lies at 800 meters above sea level, and its highest point is 1178 meters above sea level.
Diament, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Diament [ˈdjamɛnt] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jędrzejów, within Jędrzejów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) south-west of Jędrzejów and 40 km (25 mi) south-west of the regional capital Kielce.

Jędrzejów County
Jędrzejów County (Polish: powiat jędrzejowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, south-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Jędrzejów, which lies 36 kilometres (22 mi) south-west of the regional capital Kielce. The county also contains the towns of Sędziszów, lying 18 km (11 mi) west of Jędrzejów, and Małogoszcz, 21 km (13 mi) north of Jędrzejów.

The county covers an area of 1,257.17 square kilometres (485.4 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 84,049, out of which the population of Jędrzejów is 15,076, that of Sędziszów is 6,451, that of Małogoszcz is 3,748, and the rural population is 58,774.
Scott Sherman (politician)
Scott Sherman is an American politician who served as a member of the San Diego City Council from 2012 to 2020, representing District 7. A member of the Republican, he represented the neighborhoods of Allied Gardens, Del Cerro, Linda Vista, Mission Valley, San Carlos, Serra Mesa, Tierrasanta, and Lake Murray.

Tierrasanta, San Diego
Tierrasanta, Spanish for "holy land," or "holy ground", is a community in San Diego, California. The symbol of Tierrasanta is an encircled Conquistador cross, similar to one atop Montserrat mountain near Barcelona, Spain, though it no longer holds any religious meaning. The community is referred to as "The Island in the Hills" by locals and on welcome signs, as there are only four roads that lead to Tierrasanta, all which end within the community.
1965 English cricket season
1965 was the 66th season of County Championship cricket in England. It was the first season since the 1912 Triangular Tournament in which England played Test series against two touring teams. In the first half of a damp summer, New Zealand were the tourists, and England won all three matches. The South African team that toured in the second half of the season were much tougher opposition. South Africa won that three-match series 1–0, with two matches drawn. It was the last tour of England by a South African team until 1993. Fred Trueman's international career ended, although he did not retire from first-class cricket until the end of the 1968 season. Worcestershire won their second consecutive Championship title.

Peter Pollock
Peter Maclean Pollock (born 30 June 1941) is a retired South African cricketer. He has played a continuing role in the South Africa cricket team as a player and selector. He was voted a Wisden Cricketer of the Year in 1966. He was primarily a fast bowler, but was also a useful late-order batsman.
2013 Qatar Total Open – Singles
Defending champion Victoria Azarenka defeated Serena Williams in the final, 7–6(8–6), 2–6, 6–3 to win the singles tennis title at the 2013 WTA Qatar Open.

All of the top three seeds (Azarenka, Williams and Maria Sharapova) were in contention for the world No. 1 ranking at the start of the tournament. Williams regained the World No. 1 ranking for the first time since October 2010, becoming the oldest No. 1 player in the history of the WTA, after she beat Petra Kvitová in the quarterfinals. She would remain the world No. 1 for a further 186 weeks until 12 September 2016, when she was replaced by Angelique Kerber, tying Steffi Graf's record for longest consecutive spell at No. 1.

Vera Dushevina
Vera Yevgenyevna Dushevina (Russian: Вера Евгеньевна Душевина; born 6 October 1986) is a Russian former professional tennis player.

She won one singles title and two doubles titles on the WTA Tour. As a junior, she won the Wimbledon Championships, beating Maria Sharapova in the final, while she reached the final of the French Open losing to Anna-Lena Grönefeld.
Dorothy Cheney
Dorothy "Dodo" May Sutton Bundy Cheney (September 1, 1916 – November 23, 2014) was an American tennis player from her youth into her 90s. In 1938, Bundy was the first American to win the women's singles title at the Australian National Championships, defeating Dorothy Stevenson in the final.

International Tennis Hall of Fame
The International Tennis Hall of Fame is located in Newport, Rhode Island, United States. It honors both players and other contributors to the sport of tennis. The complex, the former Newport Casino, includes a museum, 13 grass tennis courts, an indoor tennis facility with three courts, three outdoor hard courts, one green clay court, a court tennis facility, and a theatre. The International Tennis Hall of Fame is a non-profit organization with the goal of preserving, celebrating, and inspiring the sport of tennis around the world.

The location was the original home of the U.S. National Championships (now called the US Open), established in 1881. Since 1976, the complex has hosted the Hall of Fame Open, a combined men's and women's event, each year in July.
Uneconomic growth
Uneconomic growth is economic growth that reflects or creates a decline in the quality of life. The concept is used in human development theory, welfare theory, and ecological economics. It is usually attributed to ecological economist Herman Daly, though other theorists may also be credited for the incipient idea, According to Daly, "uneconomic growth occurs when increases in production come at an expense in resources and well-being that is worth more than the items made." The cost, or decline in well-being, associated with extended economic growth is argued to arise as a result of "the social and environmental sacrifices made necessary by that growing encroachment on the eco-system."

Quality of life
Quality of life (QOL) is defined by the World Health Organization as "an individual's perception of their position in life in the context of the culture and value systems in which they live and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards and concerns".

Standard indicators of the quality of life include wealth, employment, the environment, physical and mental health, education, recreation and leisure time, social belonging, religious beliefs, safety, security and freedom. QOL has a wide range of contexts, including the fields of international development, healthcare, politics and employment. Health related QOL (HRQOL) is an evaluation of QOL and its relationship with health.
Thimbleby, North Yorkshire
Thimbleby is a small village and civil parish in the county of North Yorkshire, England, it is in the North York Moors and close to the village of Osmotherley and the Cleveland Way, 6 miles (9.7 km) east of Northallerton. The population of the civil parish as of the 2011 census was 258.

From 1974 to 2023 it was part of the district of Hambleton, it is now administered by the unitary North Yorkshire Council.

Cleveland Way
The Cleveland Way is a National Trail in the historic area of Cleveland in North Yorkshire, Northern England. It runs 110 miles (177 km) between Helmsley and the Brigg at Filey, through the west, north and east of the North York Moors National Park.
Estherton, Pennsylvania
Estherton is an unincorporated area and neighborhood in Susquehanna Township, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, United States, and a part of the Harrisburg-Carlisle area. It is situated on the Susquehanna River, just north of the city of Harrisburg and above the Montrose Park neighborhood but below the Lucknow neighborhood within Susquehanna Township. Interstate 81 runs through the community to the George N. Wade Memorial Bridge.

Interstate 81 in Pennsylvania
Interstate 81 (I-81) is a north–south Interstate Highway, stretching from I-40 in Dandridge, Tennessee, northeast to Fishers Landing, New York on Wellesley Island, at the Canada–United States border. In Pennsylvania, I-81 runs for 232.76 miles (374.59 km) from the Maryland state line northeast to the New York state line near Hallstead and is called the American Legion Memorial Highway. The Interstate enters the state near the borough of Greencastle, serving the boroughs of Chambersburg and Carlisle, before reaching Harrisburg, the capital. After that, it climbs into the Pocono Mountains to run through the Wyoming Valley, then exits into New York. It is the longest north–south Interstate in Pennsylvania.
JoAnn Turovsky
JoAnn Turovsky is a harpist, professor, and harp teacher in Los Angeles, California.

She is a faculty member at the Thornton School of Music at the University of Southern California and at the Colburn School of Performing Arts. At USC, her work includes teaching harp graduate students how to teach beginning students. She also serves on the faculty at the Music Academy of the West. She is principal harpist with the Los Angeles Opera Orchestra and the Los Angeles Chamber Orchestra.

She has recorded for numerous motion pictures and television shows as a studio musician, including for many film scores by John Williams. She was featured as a soloist in the soundtracks for Angela's Ashes and The Book Thief. She played on the soundtrack for Star Wars: The Force Awakens.

She is a member of the American Federation of Musicians. In 2015, she received a Lifetime Achievement Award from the American Harp Society.

American Harp Society
The American Harp Society, Inc. (AHS) is a non-profit organization. Founded in 1962, the AHS is an organization of harpists with more than 3,000 members from all 50 states and 20 countries. The organization is currently led by President Lynne Aspnes, Chairman of the Board Elaine Litster, and Executive Director Kathryn McManus.

The Library of Congress is home to the AHS Repository and the Harold B. Lee Library at Brigham Young University is home to the International Harp Archives which contains the AHS Archives, AHS Lending Library and Interview Series.
Brandon Sebastian
Brandon Myles Sebastian (born March 5, 1999) is an American professional football cornerback for the Dallas Renegades of the United Football League (UFL). He played college football at Boston College and has also played for the Los Angeles Chargers of the National Football League (NFL).

United Football League (2024–present)
The United Football League (UFL) is a professional American football spring league in the United States. The league was created following the merger of the latest iterations of the XFL and United States Football League (USFL); it started play in March 2024. It comprises eight teams, five of which were members of the XFL or USFL prior to the UFL's creation, and all concentrated in the Midwest and Southern United States.
Englishkaran
Englishkaran (transl. Englishman) is a 2005 Indian Tamil-language comedy film directed by Sakthi Chidambaram. It stars Sathyaraj, Namitha and Madhumitha, while Siva Balaji, Vadivelu and Santhanam play supporting roles.

Deva (composer)
Devanesan Chokkalingam, more popularly known as Deva, is an Indian composer and singer who predominantly works in Tamil cinema. He has composed songs and provided background music for Tamil, Kannada, Telugu, and Malayalam films in a career closing in on four decades. He has composed music for more than 400 films.
Circular buffer
In computer science, a circular buffer, circular queue, cyclic buffer or ring buffer is a data structure that uses a single, fixed-size buffer as if it were connected end-to-end. This structure lends itself easily to buffering data streams. There were early circular buffer implementations in hardware.

Data stream
In connection-oriented communication, a data stream is the transmission of a sequence of digitally encoded signals to convey information. Typically, the transmitted symbols are grouped into a series of packets.

Data streaming has become ubiquitous. Anything transmitted over the Internet is transmitted as a data stream. Using a mobile phone to have a conversation transmits the sound as a data stream.
Yuan Xikun
Yuan Xikun (born 1944 in Kunming, Yunnan Province) is a Chinese visual artist and environmental activist. In 2011, Yuan proposed building a giant sculpture composed of sand collected from five of Earth's continents and water from its Arctic and Antarctic regions to draw attention to ozone depletion and climate change.

Yuan served on the Standing Committee of the All-China Youth Federation and was a member of the 11th Standing Committee of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. Yuan serves as the honorary president of the Sino-American Friendship Association.

Provinces of China
Provinces (Chinese: 省; pinyin: Shěng) are the most numerous type of province-level divisions, the first-level subdivisions of the People's Republic of China (PRC). There are currently 22 provinces administered by the PRC, and one further province that is claimed but not administered, which is Taiwan.

The local governments of Chinese provinces consist of a Provincial People's Government headed by a governor that acts as the executive, a Provincial People's Congress with legislative powers, and a parallel provincial branch of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) that elects a party secretary and a provincial standing committee.
Mariano Fazio
Mariano Fazio is an Argentine Roman Catholic priest who is the Auxiliary Vicar of the Prelature of Opus Dei (2019 to the present).

He was born on April 25, 1960, in Buenos Aires, Argentina . He was the rector of the Pontifical University of the Holy Cross from 2002 to 2008, and was the  president of the Conference of Rectors of the Pontifical Universities of Rome. He served as the Regional Vicar of Opus Dei in Argentina, Paraguay and Bolivia up to 2014.  In 2007, he worked as an expert at the Latin American Bishops Conference in Aparecida, Brazil.

Aparecida
Aparecida is a Brazilian municipality in the state of São Paulo. It is located in the fertile valley of the River Paraíba do Sul on the southern (right) bank. It is part of the Metropolitan Region of Vale do Paraíba e Litoral Norte. The population is 36,185 (2020 est.) in an area of 121.08 km2 (46.75 sq mi). The municipality is sometimes referred as Aparecida do Norte.
Rakytov
Rakytov is a mountain in the Liptov Ridge (Slovak: Liptovský hrebeň) of the Greater Fatra Range in Slovakia measuring 1,567 m (5,141.1 ft). It has a regular pyramidal shape; the top of the mountain is deforested, in places with secondary Mountain Pine.

It is considered one of the best viewpoints in Slovakia as when there's good weather most Slovakian mountains can be seen from the summit. There is a wooden cross on the summit. Rakytov is reachable by a green-marked track from Ružomberok (which continues to Ploská Mountain) and by a yellow-marked track from Teplá Valley (starting at Liptovské Revúce). In the southern saddle there is a notable rock "gate".

Pinus mugo
Pinus mugo, known as dwarf mountain pine, mountain pine,  scrub mountain pine, Swiss mountain pine, bog pine, creeping pine, or mugo pine, is a species of conifer, native to high elevation habitats from southwestern to Central Europe and Southeast Europe.
Rave 92
Rave 92 is a DJ mixed compilation album compiled by Mark Arthurworrey and released on Cookie Jar Records, containing popular rave singles that had become popular in the United Kingdom in 1992. The compilation, the fifth and final rave compilation compiled by Arthurworrey and released on the label, aims to collect some of the year's biggest rave hits, although, as has been pointed out, Rave 92 also intends to "bridge across the gap between chart rave and the more obscure hardcore tracks." Released in November 1992, Rave 92 was well-received and a commercial success, reaching number 3 on the UK Compilation Chart. Several latter-day electronic producers, including Phaeleh, have cited hearing Rave 92 for the first time as the point they became interested in electronic music.

Rage (English group)
Rage was an English dance music group composed of producers Barry Leng and Duncan Hannant, had drummer Hans Greeve and fronted by vocalists Tony Jackson (1992–1993) and Steve Lee (1995).  The group were renamed En-Rage in Germany to avoid confusion with the German band Rage.