hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Status dynamic psychotherapy
Status Dynamic Psychotherapy (SDT) is an approach to psychotherapy that focuses on changing a client's "statuses", whether they be career related, personal or social in nature. SDT is characterized by its lack of focus on factors     traditionally targeted by psychotherapy such as the client's behaviors and cognitions, and how unconscious factors come into play. SDT was created by Peter G. Ossorio at the University of Colorado in the late 1960s as part of a larger system known as "descriptive psychology".

Proponents of SDT maintain:

That this emphasis does not conflict with the emphases of other schools,

That status dynamic ideas can be used in conjunction with them in an integrated way, and

That SDT thus represents a way for therapists to expand (vs. replace) their repertoire of explanations and clinical interventions.

Descriptive psychology
Descriptive psychology is primarily a conceptual framework for the science of psychology. Created in its original form by Peter G. Ossorio at the University of Colorado at Boulder in the mid-1960s, it has subsequently been applied to domains such as psychotherapy, artificial intelligence, organizational communities, spirituality, research methodology, and theory creation.
Azam Jah of the Carnatic
Azam Jah (1797 – 12 November 1825) was the Nawab of the Carnatic Sultanate from 1819 to 1825.

Azam Jah ascended the throne on the death of his father Azim-ud-Daula in 1819. He ruled for a short period of time and died in 1825. Azam Jah was succeeded by his minor son Ghulam Muhammad Ghouse Khan.

Carnatic Sultanate
The Carnatic Sultanate, also known as Carnatic State or Arcot State, was a kingdom in southern India between about 1690 and 1855, ruled by a Muslim nawab under the legal purview of the Nizam of Hyderabad, until their demise. They initially had their capital at Arcot in the present-day Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Their rule is an important period in the history of the Carnatic and Coromandel Coast regions, in which the Mughal Empire gave way to the rising influence of the Maratha India, and later the emergence of the British India.
Murat Ertel
Osman Murat Ertel (born 30 March 1964) is a Turkish musician. He is the son of Mengü Ertel and Ülfet Ertel.

He is one of the founders of the Zen and Baba Zula groups. While he was making improvised music with Zen, he also focused on his Turkish roots in Baba Zula and composed film and theater music with this group. He also produces music.

Deniz Tekin
Hatice Deniz Tekin (born 7 June 1997) is a Turkish musician and songwriter. Her interest in music began at the age of 8, when she started to play piano and flute. She joined various local music groups during her secondary and high school years. At the age of 16, she began performing live music in small cafes. At the same time, she shared her own recordings under the nickname Daphead on various music platforms and made covers of known songs and attracted attention. In 2017, she released her first studio album Kozakuluçka.
Lake Chichoj
Lake Chichoj is located near the city of San Cristóbal Verapaz, in the department of Alta Verapaz, in Guatemala. It is 1 km (0.62 mi) long, 0.5 km (0.31 mi) wide, with an area of 0.5 km2 (0.19 sq mi), an average water volume of (4.8±0.1)×106 m3 [(1.7±0.04)×108 cu ft], and a maximum depth of 32 m (105 ft).

Chixoy-Polochic Fault
The Chixoy-Polochic Fault, also known as Cuilco-Chixoy-Polochic Fault, is a major fault zone in Guatemala and southeast Mexico. It runs in a light arc from the east coast of Guatemala to Chiapas, following the deep valleys of the Polochic River, Chixoy River and Cuilco River.
Sullivan North High School
Sullivan North High School was a public high school (grades 9–12) located in Kingsport, Tennessee under the authority of Sullivan County Schools. Opened in 1980, the school had a student body of approximately 1500 students. However, due to declining enrollment partly from annexation by the city of Kingsport, enrollment was reduced to approximately 600 students at the time of amalgamation into West Ridge High School in 2021. Sullivan North's former facilities were designated by Kingsport City to be John Sevier Middle School's new campus  until 2022 when the facility became the Tribe Athletic Complex, which held middle school and youth league games and practices. The Dobyns-Bennett basketball team had its season in the former Sullivan North gym due to roof problems with the Buck Van Huss dome.

Kingsport, Tennessee
Kingsport is a city in Sullivan and Hawkins counties in the U.S. state of Tennessee. It lies along the Holston River and had a population of 55,442 at the 2020 census. It is the largest city in the Kingsport–Bristol metropolitan area, which had 307,613 residents in 2020. The metro area is a component of the larger Tri-Cities region of Tennessee and Virginia, with a population of 508,260 in 2020.

Kingsport was chartered in 1822. The city's name is a simplification of King's Port, originally referring to the area on the Holston River known as King's Boat Yard, the head of navigation for the Tennessee Valley. Kingsport is commonly included in what is known as the "Mountain Empire" in southwest Virginia and northeastern Tennessee.
Lesser cane rat
The lesser cane rat (Thryonomys gregorianus) is a species of rodent in the family Thryonomyidae. It is found in Cameroon, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, South Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and possibly Mozambique. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry shrubland, subtropical or tropical dry lowland grassland, and shrub-dominated wetlands.

Greater cane rat
The greater cane rat (Thryonomys swinderianus), also known as the grasscutter (in Ghana, Nigeria and other regions of West Africa), is one of two species of cane rats, a small family of African hystricognath rodents. It lives by reed-beds and riverbanks in Sub-Saharan Africa.
The Ramrod Tapes
The Ramrod Tapes is an unofficial, leaked compilation of songs by The Mars Volta. The tracks surfaced on the fan forum, The Comatorium, in August 2013, and featured a collection of fifteen demos and outtakes. A user on the forum claimed to have received a private message containing the tracks with instructions to disseminate them online. Many of the songs would go on to be released on Omar Rodriguez-Lopez solo albums.

Noctourniquet
Noctourniquet is the sixth studio album by American progressive rock band The Mars Volta, released on March 26, 2012 on Warner Bros. Produced by guitarist and songwriter Omar Rodriguez-Lopez, it is the band's only studio album to feature drummer Deantoni Parks, and their first album not to include contributions from guitarist John Frusciante.

Inspired by the children's nursery rhyme "Solomon Grundy", and the Greek myth of Hyacinthus, Noctourniquet is a concept album.

Following the album's release, The Mars Volta broke up due to ongoing tension and disagreements between core members Rodriguez-Lopez and lyricist Cedric Bixler-Zavala. As a result, Noctourniquet became the final studio album of the band's initial run. In 2019, the band reunited in secret, releasing its first studio album in ten years, The Mars Volta, in 2022.
Coronation of Elizabeth I
The coronation of Elizabeth I as Queen of England and Ireland took place at Westminster Abbey, London, on 15 January 1559. Elizabeth I ascended the throne at the age of 25 upon the death of her half-sister, Mary I, on 17 November 1558. Mary had reversed the Protestant Reformation which had been started by her two predecessors, so this was the last coronation in Great Britain to be conducted under the authority of the Catholic Church. Historians view Elizabeth's coronation as a statement of her intention to restore England to Protestantism, but to allow the continuation of some Catholic customs, a compromise known as the Elizabethan Settlement.

Roy Strong
Sir Roy Colin Strong, CH, FRSL, FSA (born 23 August 1935) is an English art historian, museum curator, writer, broadcaster and landscape designer. He has served as director of both the National Portrait Gallery and the Victoria and Albert Museum in London. Strong was knighted in 1982, and made a Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour in 2016.
SGB Premiership 2025
The 2025 SGB ROWE Motor Oil Premiership was the 90th season of the top tier of British speedway and the 8th known as the SGB Premiership.

Belle Vue Aces were the defending champions, while Sheffield Tigers were the defending Knockout Cup champions.

SGB Premiership
The Speedway Great Britain (SGB) Premiership (sponsored by Sports Insure) is the top division of speedway league competition in the United Kingdom, governed by the Speedway Control Bureau (SCB) in conjunction with the British Speedway Promoters' Association (BSPA).  It was introduced for 2017 following a restructuring of British speedway.
Area yield options contract
An area yield options contract is a contract entitling the holder to receive a payment when the area yield is below the put or above the call option strike yield.  The strike yield is the yield at which the holder of an option contract can exercise the option.

Call option
In finance, a call option (often simply a "call"), is a contract between the buyer and the seller of the call option to exchange a security at a set price. The buyer of the call option has the right, but not the obligation, to buy an agreed quantity of a particular commodity or financial instrument (the underlying) from the seller of the option at or before a certain time (the expiration date) for a certain price (the strike price). This effectively gives the buyer a long position in the given asset. The seller (or "writer") is obliged to sell the commodity or financial instrument to the buyer if the buyer so decides. This effectively gives the seller a short position in the given asset. The buyer pays a fee (called a premium) for this right. The term "call" comes from the fact that the owner has the right to "call the stock away" from the seller.
Moon Machines
Moon Machines is a Science Channel HD documentary miniseries consisting of six episodes documenting the engineering challenges of the Apollo program to land men on the Moon. It covers everything from the iconic Saturn V to the Command Module, the Lunar Module, the Space Suits, the Guidance and Control Computer, and the Lunar Rover. It was created by the team that made In the Shadow of the Moon in association with NASA to commemorate the agency's fiftieth anniversary in 2008. It first aired in June 2008 in the U.S. and UK, and was released on DVD a year later in June 2009.

In the Shadow of the Moon (2007 film)
In the Shadow of the Moon is a 2007 British documentary film about the United States' crewed missions to the Moon. After premiering at the 2007 Sundance Film Festival, where it won the World Cinema Audience Award, it was given a limited release in the United States on 7 September 2007, and in Canada on 19 October.

Although the film shares its name with a book by space historians Colin Burgess and Francis French that was also released in 2007, and both include many original interviews with Apollo lunar astronauts, neither work is a source of, or a tie-in to, the other.
The Ways of White Folks
The Ways of White Folks is a collection of fourteen short stories by Langston Hughes, published in 1934. Hughes wrote the book during a year he spent living in Carmel-by-the-Sea, California.  The collection addresses multiple dimensions of racial issues, focusing specifically on the unbalanced yet interdependent power dynamics between Black and White people.  According to Hughes, the short stories are inspired either by his own lived experiences or those of others he encountered.

Scribner's Magazine
Scribner's Magazine was an American periodical published by the publishing house of Charles Scribner's Sons from January 1887 to May 1939. Scribner's Magazine was the second magazine out of the Scribner's firm, after the publication of Scribner's Monthly. Charles Scribner's Sons spent over $500,000 setting up the magazine, to compete with the already successful Harper's Monthly and The Atlantic Monthly. Scribner's Magazine was launched in 1887, and was the first of any magazine to introduce color illustrations. The magazine ceased publication in 1939.

The magazine contained many engravings by famous artists of the 19th and early 20th centuries, as well as articles by important authors of the time, including John Thomason, Elisabeth Woodbridge Morris, Clarence Cook, and President Theodore Roosevelt.

The magazine had high sales when Roosevelt started contributing, reaching over 200,000, but gradually lost circulation after World War I.
Kudlago Island
Kudlago Island is one of the many uninhabited Canadian arctic islands in Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut. It is a Baffin Island offshore island located in Frobisher Bay, southeast of the capital city of Iqaluit. Other islands in the immediate vicinity include Crimmins Island, Jenvey Island, Pichit Island, Sale Island, and Sybil Island.

Baffin Island
Baffin Island (formerly Baffin Land and also James Island), in the Canadian territory of Nunavut, is the largest island in Canada, the second-largest island in the Americas (behind Greenland), and the fifth-largest island in the world. Its area is 507,451 km2 (195,928 sq mi) (slightly smaller than Thailand) with a population density of 0.026/km2 (0.067/sq mi); the population was 13,039 according to the 2021 Canadian census; and it is located at 68°N 70°W﻿ / ﻿68°N 70°W﻿ / 68; -70﻿ (Baffin Island). Iqaluit, the capital of Nunavut, is located on Frobisher Bay on the southern tip of the island.
Insurgency in Manipur
The Insurgency in Manipur is an ongoing armed conflict between India and a number of separatist rebel groups, taking place in the state of Manipur. The Insurgency in Manipur is part of the wider Insurgency in Northeast India; it displays elements of a national liberation war as well as an ethnic conflict.

Viplav Tripathi
Colonel Viplav Tripathi (20 May 1980 -  13 November 2021) was an Indian Army officer, killed in an ambush by Manipuri militants. In that ambush, Tripathi’s wife Anuja Shukla and son Abeer were also killed.
Penitence of Origen
The Penitence of Origen is a text in the New Testament apocrypha, thought to have been falsely attributed to Origen of Alexandria. Not to be confused with Origen's text Selecta in Threnos (also named Origen on Lamentations), it is a Lamentation purporting to have been cried by Origen himself.

Jodocus Coccius quotes from it (mistakenly attributing it to Selecta in Threnos):

I will begin to throw myself upon my knees, and pray to all the saints to come to my aid; for I do not dare, in consequence of my excess of wickedness, to call upon God. O Saints of God, you I pray with weeping full of grief, that ye would propitiate his mercies for me miserable. Alas me! Father Abraham, pray for me, that I be not driven from thy bosom, which I greatly long for, and yet not worthily, because of the greatness of my sins

The text has an affinity with the prayer used before communion, sometimes known as the Mea Culpa.

The work was declared apocryphal and rejected in the Decretum Gelasianum.

New Testament apocrypha
The New Testament apocrypha (singular apocryphon) are a number of writings by early Christians that give accounts of Jesus and his teachings, the nature of God, or the teachings of his apostles and of their lives. Some of these writings were cited as scripture by early Christians, but since the fifth century a widespread consensus has emerged limiting the New Testament to the 27 books of the modern canon. Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, and Protestant churches generally do not view the New Testament apocrypha as part of the Bible.
Well Hung Lover
Well Hung Lover, also called Naked Man Hanging From Window and simply Naked Man, is a mural by the anonymous street artist Banksy, on a wall in Frogmore Street, Bristol, England.

Painted in 2006 on the side of a sexual health clinic, Well Hung Lover depicts a naked man hanging from a window, while a suited man looks out, next to a woman in her underwear. Despite featuring nudity, it is the first legal piece of street art in the UK following a survey by Bristol City Council, resulting in retrospective permission and protection being granted.

In 2009, the mural was defaced by a paintball gun, resulting in a partial restoration by the City Council. However, some paint splatters remain on the artwork. It was defaced a second time in 2018, with black spray paint.

Street art
Street art is visual art created in public locations for public visibility. It has been associated with the terms "independent art", "post-graffiti", "neo-graffiti" and guerrilla art.

Street art has evolved from the early forms of defiant graffiti into a more commercial form of art, as one of the main differences now lies with the messaging. Street art is often meant to provoke thought rather than rejection among the general audience through making its purpose more evident than that of graffiti. The issue of permission has also come at the heart of street art, as graffiti is usually done illegally, whereas street art can nowadays be the product of an agreement or even sometimes a commission. However, it remains different from traditional art exposed in public spaces by its explicit use of said space in the conception phase.
Grzegorz Schetyna
Grzegorz Juliusz Schetyna (Polish pronunciation: [ˈɡʐɛɡɔʂ sxɛˈtɨna] ⓘ; born 18 February 1963) is a Polish politician who was Leader of Civic Platform and Leader of the Opposition from 26 January 2016 to 25 January 2020. He has served as Minister of Foreign Affairs of Poland from 2014 to 2015, Marshal of the Sejm from 2010 to 2011, Acting President of Poland 2010, Deputy Prime Minister of Poland from 2007 to 2009 and Minister of the Interior and Administration 2007 to 2009. He has been a Member of the Sejm from 1997.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Poland)
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Ministerstwo Spraw Zagranicznych, MSZ) is the Polish government department tasked with maintaining Poland's international relations and coordinating its participation in international and regional supra-national political organisations such as the European Union and United Nations. The head of the ministry holds a place in the Council of Ministers.
Benedict L. Stabile
Benedict Louis Stabile (December 13, 1927 – July 28, 2014) was a vice admiral in the United States Coast Guard who served as Vice Commandant from 1982 to 1986. He was married to Barbara Adele Thompson and has four children. He was born in Brooklyn, New York and graduated from the United States Coast Guard Academy in 1950. He later also attended Massachusetts Institute of Technology, attaining a degree in Naval Engineering. Stabile also served at one point as Chief of Coast Guard Engineering. Upon his retirement from the Coast Guard in 1986, he served as the president of the Webb Institute until 1990. On July 28, 2014, Stabile died at the age of 86.

Vice Commandant of the Coast Guard
The vice commandant of the Coast Guard serves as the second-in-command of the United States Coast Guard, behind only the commandant of the Coast Guard.

Since 1929, 35 officers have served as vice commandant, or, as the position was referred to before 1972, assistant commandant.  The title of the position was changed effective October 2, 1972, pursuant to Pub. L. 92–451. This position has been historically held by a vice admiral until the Coast Guard Authorization Act of 2015 elevated the statutory rank for the position to admiral.

The 35th and current vice commandant is Admiral Thomas G. Allan Jr, since 27 February 2026. Allan also served as the acting vice commandant from 3 July 2025 to 26 February 2026.
Allistatin
Allistatin is the collective name for two chemicals, allistatin I and allistatin II, which may be found in garlic. There is no conclusive evidence of its existence, or the existence of the related compound garlicin. It is a sulfur-free chemical and plays an active role within garlic. It is most likely a flavonoid.

There is no experimental evidence of the structure of allistatin; some studies claim it is similar to cyanidin, while others found it shared similarities with garlicin (but not allicin).

Allicin
Allicin is an organosulfur compound obtained from garlic and leeks. When fresh garlic is chopped or crushed, the enzyme alliinase converts alliin into allicin, which is responsible for the aroma of fresh garlic. Allicin is unstable and quickly changes into a series of other sulfur-containing compounds such as diallyl disulfide. Allicin is an antifeedant, i.e. the defense mechanism against attacks by pests on the garlic plant.

Allicin is an oily, slightly yellow liquid that gives garlic its distinctive odor. It is a thioester of a sulfinic acid. It is also known as allyl thiosulfinate. Its biological activity can be attributed to both its antioxidant activity and its reaction with thiol-containing proteins.
Photoevaporation
Photoevaporation is the process where energetic radiation ionises gas and causes it to disperse away from the ionising source.  The term is typically used in an astrophysical context where ultraviolet radiation from hot stars acts on clouds of material such as molecular clouds, protoplanetary disks, or planetary atmospheres.

Heat capacity ratio
In thermal physics and thermodynamics, the heat capacity ratio, also known as the adiabatic index, the ratio of specific heats, or Laplace's coefficient, is the ratio of the heat capacity at constant pressure (CP) to heat capacity at constant volume (CV). It is sometimes also known as the isentropic expansion factor and is denoted by γ (gamma) for an ideal gas or κ (kappa), the isentropic exponent for a real gas. The symbol γ is used by aerospace and chemical engineers.

where C is the heat capacity,  the molar heat capacity (heat capacity per mole), and c the specific heat capacity (heat capacity per unit mass) of a gas. The suffixes P and V refer to constant-pressure and constant-volume conditions respectively.

The heat capacity ratio is important for its applications in thermodynamical reversible processes, especially involving ideal gases; the speed of sound depends on this factor.
HD 4113
HD 4113 is a double star system in the southern constellation of Sculptor. It is too faint to be viewed with the naked eye, having an apparent visual magnitude of 7.88. The distance to this star, as estimated by parallax measurements, is 137 light years. It is receding away from the Sun with a radial velocity of +5 km/s.

Sculptor (constellation)
Sculptor is a faint constellation in the southern sky. It represents a sculptor. It was introduced by Nicolas Louis de Lacaille in the 18th century. He originally named it Apparatus Sculptoris (the sculptor's studio), but the name was later shortened.
2022–23 UC Santa Barbara Gauchos men's basketball team
The 2022–23 UC Santa Barbara Gauchos men's basketball team represented the University of California, Santa Barbara in the 2022–23 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Gauchos, led by sixth-year head coach Joe Pasternack, played their home games at The Thunderdome in Santa Barbara, California as members of the Big West Conference. They finished the season 27–7, 15–5 in Big West Play to tie as regular season champions. They defeated Cal Poly, UC Riverside, and Cal State Fullerton to be champions of the Big West tournament. They received the Big West’s automatic bid to the NCAA tournament where they lost in the first round to Baylor.

2022–23 UC Riverside Highlanders men's basketball team
The 2022–23 UC Riverside Highlanders men's basketball team represented the University of California, Riverside in the 2022–23 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Highlanders, led by third-year head coach Mike Magpayo, played their home games at SRC Arena in Riverside, California as members of the Big West Conference.