hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ball-and-chain inactivation
In neuroscience, ball-and-chain inactivation is a model to explain the fast inactivation mechanism of voltage-gated ion channels. The process is also called hinged-lid inactivation or N-type inactivation. A voltage-gated ion channel can be in three states: open, closed, or inactivated. The inactivated state is mainly achieved through fast inactivation, by which a channel transitions rapidly from an open to an inactivated state. The model proposes that the inactivated state, which is stable and non-conducting, is caused by the physical blockage of the pore. The blockage is caused by a "ball" of amino acids connected to the main protein by a string of residues on the cytoplasmic side of the membrane. The ball enters the open channel and binds to the hydrophobic inner vestibule within the channel. This blockage causes inactivation of the channel by stopping the flow of ions. This phenomenon has mainly been studied in potassium channels and sodium channels.

BK channel
BK channels (big potassium), are large conductance calcium-activated potassium channels, and is also known as BKCa, Maxi-K, slo1, or Kca1.1. BK channels are voltage-gated potassium channels that conduct large amounts of potassium ions (K+) across the cell membrane, hence their name, big potassium. These channels can be activated (opened) by either electrical means, or by increasing Ca2+ concentrations in the cell. BK channels help regulate physiological processes, such as circadian behavioral rhythms and neuronal excitability. BK channels are also involved in many processes in the body, as it is a ubiquitous channel. They have a tetrameric structure that is composed of a transmembrane domain, voltage sensing domain, potassium channel domain, and a cytoplasmic C-terminal domain, with many X-ray structures for reference. Their function is to repolarize the membrane potential by allowing for potassium to flow outward, in response to a depolarization or increase in calcium levels.
John Brown (cricketer, born 1820)
John Brown (22 March 1820 – date of death unknown) was an English cricketer.  Brown's batting and bowling styles are unknown. He was born at Warblington, Hampshire.

Brown represented Hampshire in a single first-class match in 1849 against an All England Eleven. In this match he scored a single run in the Hampshire first-innings, before being dismissed by William Hillyer. In Hampshire's second-innings he scored 8 runs, before being dismissed by the same bowler.

His father, George, also played first-class cricket for Hampshire and Sussex. His brother, George, played first-class cricket for Sussex. Brown's date and place of death are unknown.

William Hillyer
William Richard Hillyer (5 March 1813 – 8 January 1861) was a 19th century English professional cricketer for Kent County Cricket Club, Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC), and many others before cricket was organised into regular competitions.
After the Triumph of Your Birth
After the Triumph of Your Birth is a 2012 American drama film written and directed by Jim Akin. The film stars Tom Dunne, Tessa Ferrer, Bronagh Gallagher, Maria Mckee, Maria Doyle Kennedy and Rob Zabrecky. The musical score was composed by Jim Akin and Maria McKee.

Maria McKee
Maria Luisa McKee (born August 17, 1964) is an American singer-songwriter. She is best known for her work with Lone Justice, her 1990 song "Show Me Heaven", and her song "If Love Is a Red Dress (Hang Me in Rags)" from soundtrack of the film Pulp Fiction.
Katie Kelly (paratriathlete)
Kathleen Margaret "Katie" Kelly OAM  (born 6 February 1975) is an Australian paratriathlete, who has a degenerative disease known as Usher syndrome. Kelly began competing in the PT5 paratriathlon classification in February 2015 when her condition deteriorated to a legally blind state. She has just 30 per cent of her vision. With her guide Michellie Jones, Kelly won gold medals at the 2015 and 2017 ITU World Championships and 2016 Rio Paralympics. She competed at the 2020 Summer Paralympics.

Paralympics Australia
Paralympics Australia (PA) previously called the Australian Paralympic Committee (APC) (1998–2019) is the National Paralympic Committee in Australia for the Paralympic Games movement. It oversees the preparation and management of Australian teams that participate at the Summer Paralympics and the Winter Paralympics.

APC played a major role in Australia's successful bid to host the 2000 Sydney Paralympics. Between the 1996 to 2016 Summer Paralympics, Australia has finished in the top five nations on the medal tally. It is also a successful nation at the Winter Paralympics.
Demographics of Texas
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, as of 2023, Texas was the second largest state in population after California, with a population of 30,503,301, an increase of more than 1.3 million people, or 4.7%, since the 29,145,505 of the 2020 census. Its apportioned population in 2020 was 29,183,290. Since the beginning of the 21st century, the state of Texas has experienced strong population growth. Texas has many major cities and metropolitan areas, along with many towns and rural areas. Much of the population is concentrated in the major cities of Dallas–Fort Worth, Austin, San Antonio, Houston, McAllen, Brownsville, El Paso, and their corresponding metropolitan areas. The first four aforementioned main urban centers are also referred to as the Texas Triangle megaregion.

Salvadoran Americans
Salvadoran Americans (Spanish: salvadoreño-estadounidenses or estadounidenses de origen salvadoreño) are Americans of full or partial Salvadoran descent. As of 2022, there are 2,389,469 Salvadoran Americans in the United States, the fourth-largest Hispanic community by nation of ancestry. According to the Census Bureau, in 2021 Salvadorans made up 4.0% of the total Hispanic population in the United States.

Salvadorans are the largest group of Central Americans of the Central American Isthmus community in the U.S.

The largest Salvadoran populations are in the metropolitan areas of Los Angeles and Washington, D.C., which have been established since the 1970s and currently number in the hundreds of thousands, as well as other Central Americans such as Guatemalan and Honduran Americans.

Salvadorans are concentrated in California (32% of the nationwide Salvadoran population), Texas (15%), Maryland (8%) and New York (8%).
Dancing Alone
"Dancing Alone" is a song by Swedish dance music duo Axwell & Ingrosso featuring English singer-songwriter RØMANS. It was released on 29 June 2018. The song was written by Axwell, Sebastian Ingrosso, Axel Hedfors, RØMANS and Richard Zastenker.

Romans (musician)
Sam Roman (born 15 September 1986), known by his stage name Romans (stylised as RØMANS), is an English singer, songwriter, and record producer. He rose to prominence in 2014 after signing with Roc Nation, where he released four EPs between 2015 and 2017. Following this, he shifted his focus to writing and producing songs for other artists full-time. He has since written and produced songs for artists such as Lewis Capaldi, Ed Sheeran, Camila Cabello, Demi Lovato, Maroon 5, Alicia Keys, John Legend, Calvin Harris, and Jonas Blue. In 2020, he was nominated for Song of the Year at the 62nd Annual Grammy Awards for writing "Someone You Loved" by Lewis Capaldi.
Coast Guard Air Station San Diego
U.S. Coast Guard Air Station San Diego (CGAS San Diego) is a Coast Guard Air Station in San Diego, California, United States, adjacent to San Diego International Airport. It operates three MH-60T Jayhawk helicopters off the Coast Guard ramp.

CGAS San Diego is co-located with Sector San Diego. The air station is physically separated from San Diego International Airport.  CGAS San Diego had the HU-25 fixed wing aircraft until the entire CG fleet was decommissioned by 2014.  Since CGAS San Diego does not have a runway, the HU-25 would have cross a busy, six-lane city street (North Harbor Drive) in order to access the runways at San Diego International Airport.  The CGAS had the ability stop eastbound/westbound traffic with the use of a flashing light hanging over the roadway.  Today, CGAS San Diego only has rotary winged aircraft.

United States Coast Guard Air Stations
A Coast Guard Air Station (abbreviated as CGAS or AirSta) provides aviation support for the United States Coast Guard. The Coast Guard operates approximately 210 aircraft from 24 Coast Guard Air Stations in the United States. Fixed-wing aircraft, such as the HC-130 Hercules, are built for long range missions and operate from air stations. The air stations and facilities are also home to locally based MH-65D Dolphin and Sikorsky HH-60 Jayhawk helicopters and support rotor craft assigned to flight deck equipped cutters.

Unlike Coast Guard Boat Stations, which are subordinate to Sector Commanders, the commanding officer of a Coast Guard Air Station reports directly to the appropriate District Commander. Air stations are typically commanded by an officer with the rank of captain.

Air station planning and overall aviation policies are under the oversight of the Office of Aviation Forces (CG-711), which in turn reports to the Assistant Commandant for Capability.
Nikolai Mushegian
Nikolai Mushegian (March 28, 1993 – October 28, 2022) was an American computer scientist and software engineer, best known for his contributions to software platforms supporting decentralized autonomous organizations and decentralized finance.

Carnegie Mellon School of Computer Science
The School of Computer Science (SCS) at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania is a degree-granting school for computer science established in 1988, making it one of the first of its kind in the world. It has been consistently ranked among the best computer science programs in the world. As of 2024 U.S. News & World Report ranks the graduate program as tied for No. 1 with Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University and University of California, Berkeley.

Researchers from Carnegie Mellon School of Computer Science have made fundamental contributions to the fields of algorithms, artificial intelligence, computer networks, distributed systems, parallel processing, programming languages, computational biology, robotics, language technologies, human–computer interaction and software engineering.
C. G. Krishnadas Nair
Chandrathil Gouri Krishnadas Nair is an Indian technocrat, teacher and metallurgical scientist known for his contributions in the field of aeronautical metallurgy. Dr Nair was given the Padma Shri Award by the Government of India for his contributions to science and technology in 2001.

Global Vectra Helicorp
Global Vectra Helicorp Limited (GVHL) is India's largest private helicopter company. It has a fleet of 29 aircraft ranging from small light helicopters to medium-sized twin engined helicopters seating 4 to 15 passengers. The company is promoted by Non-resident Indian businessman Ravi Rishi.

The company's operational headquarters are in Mumbai at the Juhu Aerodrome where it services the oil and gas industry with forward bases at Visakhapatnam and Rajahmundry. The onshore operations, cover the entire Indian subcontinent, and is based in New Delhi and Bangalore. GVHL is listed on the National Stock Exchange and the Bombay Stock Exchange having ISO 9001-2015, 14001–2015, and OHSAS 18001-2007 certifications covering flight operations, engineering, safety, quality control, and commercial systems.
2145 Blaauw
2145 Blaauw, provisional designation 1976 UF, is a dark Ursula asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 38 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 24 October 1976, by astronomer Richard Martin West at the La Silla Observatory in northern Chile. The asteroid was named after Dutch astronomer Adriaan Blaauw.

C-type asteroid
C-type (carbonaceous /ˌkɑːrbəˈneɪʃəs/) asteroids are the most common variety, forming around 75% of known asteroids. They are volatile-rich and distinguished by a very low albedo because their composition includes a large amount of carbon, in addition to rocks and minerals. They have an average density of about 1.7 g/cm3.

They lie most often at the outer edge of the asteroid belt, 3.5 au (520 million km; 330 million mi) from the Sun, where 80% of the asteroids are of this type, whereas only 40% of asteroids at 2 au (300 million km; 190 million mi) from the Sun are C-type. The proportion of C-types may actually be greater than this, since C-types are much darker (and hence less detectable) than most other asteroid types, except for D-types and others that lie mostly at the extreme outer edge of the asteroid belt.
Age bias (medicine)
In health care management, age bias is a shift in handling of a patient based solely on patient's age while disregarding their physical condition. This may result in undertreatment of reasonably healthy but very old persons.   For example, older cancer patients may be undertreated on an unjustified assumption that a treatment is unsafe for older patients. Conversely, age bias may lead to overtreatment of a moderately old person in generally poor health.

Another form of age bias is age discrimination in the framework of health care. The negative-leaning attitude towards older adults reported  for the Western cultures may gain in influence in health care when combined with some other considerations, such as poor motivation or poor prognosis. It is suggested that this may happen because therapists are driven by the desire to help people in a noticeable way, and old people are perceived to have a low potential in this respect.

Health administration
Health administration, healthcare administration, healthcare management, health services management or hospital management is the field relating to leadership, management, and administration of public health systems, health care systems, hospitals, and hospital networks in all the primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors.
Emily Taheny
Emily Taheny is an Australian comedian, actress, and singer. She is known for her multiple appearances on the sketch comedy television series Comedy Inc. from 2003 through 2007, her role as "Kat" on the 2009 series The Jesters, and as a regular cast member on long-running satirical news program Shaun Micallef's Mad as Hell.

Melbourne International Comedy Festival
The Melbourne International Comedy Festival (MICF) is the largest stand-alone comedy festival and the largest international comedy festival in the world. First held in 1987, it takes place annually in Melbourne over four weeks, typically starting in March and running through to April.  The Melbourne Town Hall has served as the festival hub, but performances are held in many venues throughout the city.

MICF also produces three flagship development programs: Raw Comedy, Australia's biggest open mic competition; Class Clowns, a national comedy competition for high school students; and Deadly Funny, an Indigenous comedy competition that celebrates the unique humour of Indigenous Australians. Awards are given for the best acts of the development programs as well as other categories of performances. The festival also undertakes an annual national roadshow, showcasing festival highlights in regional towns across Australia.
Sealers Passage
Sealers Passage is a marine channel between Elephant Island and the Seal Islands, in the South Shetland Islands of Antarctica. It was named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) in 1971. the passage is a short cut around the north coast of Elephant Island used by sealers in the 1820s.

Elephant Island
Elephant Island is an ice-covered, mountainous island off the coast of Antarctica in the outer reaches of the South Shetland Islands, in the Southern Ocean. The island is situated 245 kilometres (152 miles) north-northeast of the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula, 1,253 kilometres (779 miles) west-southwest of South Georgia, 935 kilometres (581 miles) south of the Falkland Islands, and 885 kilometres (550 miles) southeast of Cape Horn. It is within the Antarctic claims of Argentina, Chile and the United Kingdom.

The Brazilian Antarctic Program maintains a shelter on the island, Goeldi, and formerly had another (Wiltgen) supporting the work of up to six researchers each during the summer. Wiltgen was dismantled in the summers of 1997 and 1998.
Beniabid
Beniabid (Persian: بنيابيد, also Romanized as Benīābīd; also known as Benābīd) is a village in Dughayi Rural District, in the Central District of Quchan County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 564, in 114 families.

Dughayi Rural District
Dughayi Rural District (Persian: دهستان دوغائي) is in Abkuh District of Quchan County, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Dughayi. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Almajeq, now a city.
Djamel Belmadi
Djamel Belmadi (Arabic: جَمَال بَلمَاضِيّ; born 25 March 1976) is a professional football coach and former player. He is the current head coach of Qatar Stars League side Al Duhail. Born in France, he represented Algeria internationally between 2000 and 2004.

As a player he was midfielder who had spells in Ligue 1 with Paris Saint-Germain, Marseille, Cannes and Valenciennes. He also briefly played in La Liga for Celta Vigo and in the Premier League for Manchester City. Later on in his career he returned to England and played several seasons at Southampton whilst the club were in the Football League. He also played for Martigues, Al-Ittihad and Al-Kharitiyath. Born in France, he played internationally for Algeria and was capped 20 times.

As a coach, Belmadi has managed Lekhwiya, Qatar B, Qatar, Al-Duhail and most recently, Algeria.

22nd Arabian Gulf Cup
The 22nd Arabian Gulf Cup (Arabic: كأس الخليج العربي) was the 22nd edition of the biennial football competition, and took place between 13 and 26 November 2014 in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

It was scheduled to take place in Basra, Iraq but was shifted after concerns over preparations and security. Iraq was also due to host the 2013 tournament, but this was moved to Bahrain instead. After being moved to Saudi Arabia, Jeddah was initially announced as the host city but was later moved to Riyadh.

Qatar won the cup by defeating  Saudi Arabia 2–1 in the final.
Cyclo-cross bicycle
A cyclo-cross bike or cyclo-cross bicycle (abbreviated CX Bike or CXB) is a bicycle specifically designed for the rigors of a cyclo-cross race. Cyclo-cross bicycles roughly resemble the racing bicycles used in road racing. The major differences between the two are the frame geometry, and the wider clearances that cyclo-cross bikes have for their larger tires and mud and other debris that they accumulate.

Cyclists have been competing in races on road-going bicycles since the 19th century. Cyclo-cross emerged as a sport in its own right in France in 1902. Cyclo-cross bicycles are similar to other bicycles, but the frame geometry is closer to a mountain bike than a road racing bicycle. The top tube is often longer and closer to horizontal, and the handlebars are higher, again akin to mountain bikes. The emphasis on bicycle handling skills differentiates cyclo-cross from road racing. Cyclo-cross courses are held on a variety of terrain, including grass, mud, sand and paved surfaces.

Bicycle wheel
A bicycle wheel is a wheel, most commonly a wire wheel, designed for a bicycle. A pair is often called a wheelset, especially in the context of ready built "off the shelf" performance-oriented wheels.

Bicycle wheels are typically designed to fit into the frame and fork via dropouts, and hold bicycle tires.
Norton Braves
The Norton Braves were a minor league baseball team based in Norton, Virginia. From 1951 to 1953, the Braves played exclusively as members of the Class D level Mountain States League. Norton hosted home minor league games at Municipal Stadium.

Norton, Virginia
Norton is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia, located in the far western tip of the state and surrounded by Wise County, Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 3,687, making it the least populous city in Virginia. The Bureau of Economic Analysis combines the city of Norton with surrounding Wise County for statistical purposes.
The Rangers (British battalion)
The Rangers was a volunteer unit of the British Army, originally formed in 1860. It provided a detachment for service in the Second Boer War, saw intensive action on the Western Front in the First World War (including the Battles of the Somme and Passchendaele), and served as motorised infantry during the Second World War during the campaigns in Greece and the Western Desert.

London Regiment (1908–1938)
The London Regiment was an infantry regiment in the British Army, part of the Territorial Force (renamed the Territorial Army in 1921). The regiment saw service in the First World War and was disbanded in 1938, shortly before the Second World War, when most of its battalions were converted to other roles or transferred elsewhere, and reformed in 1993. The London Guards date their formation to that of this regiment in 1908.
East Coulee, Alberta
East Coulee is a community within the Town of Drumheller, Alberta, Canada. It was previously a hamlet within the former Municipal District (MD) of Badlands No. 7 prior to the MD's amalgamation with the former City of Drumheller on January 1, 1998. It is also recognized as a designated place by Statistics Canada.

East Coulee is located on Highway 10, approximately 20 km (12 mi) southeast of Drumheller's main townsite and 112 km (70 mi) northeast of Calgary. It lies in the Red Deer River valley and has an elevation of 675 m (2,215 ft). The community is within Census Division No. 5 and in the federal riding of Crowfoot.

It was one of the filming locations of the television series MythQuest.

Municipal District of Badlands No. 7
The Municipal District of Badlands No. 7 was a municipal district in southern Alberta, Canada. It existed for seven years between 1991 and 1998 prior to its amalgamation with the former City of Drumheller to create the current Town of Drumheller.
Casa Sports
Casa Sports de Ziguinchor is a Senegalese professional football club based in Ziguinchor. They play in the top division in Senegalese football. Their home stadium is Stade Aline Sitoe Diatta.  It is the most popular sports club in Casamance, the first four letters of the area gives the name to the club, the short form Casa.

Casa Sport  also is sixth in the number of major honours won in Senegal numbering six, shared with AS Police of Dakar and SUNEOR Diourbel.

Ziguinchor
Ziguinchor (French: [ziɡɛ̃ʃɔʁ]; Wolof: Siggcoor [siɡˑcɔːɾ]; Arabic: زيغينكور) is the capital of the Ziguinchor Region, and the chief town of the Casamance area of Senegal, lying at the mouth of the Casamance River. It has a population of 214,874 (2023 census). It is the eighth largest city of Senegal, but is nearly separated from the north of the country by the nation of The Gambia.

Unlike the semi-arid to arid north of Senegal, Ziguinchor has a tropical savanna climate, as it is under the influence of the West African Monsoon. It has an average annual accumulated rainfall of approximately 1,547 millimetres or 61 inches.