hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2008 Speedway Ekstraliga
The 2008 Speedway Ekstraliga season is the 9th since its establishment. The first fixtures of the season are scheduled for April 6, 2008, and the season will end on October 19, 2008. Unia Leszno are the defending Polish champions. The Speedway Ekstraliga (pl. Ekstraliga żużlowa) is the top division of speedway in the Poland.

The 2008 Juniors League (pl. Liga Juniorów) season is the first its establishment. Every Ekstraliga team must send a Team U-21 to youth league. Eight events will be on July and August.

Unia Leszno
Unia Leszno are a motorcycle speedway team established on 8 May 1938 and based in Leszno, Poland. The team's home track is at the Stadion Alfreda Smoczyka. They compete in the Ekstraliga (the highest division) and are Poland's most accomplished team, winning 18 Team Speedway Polish Championships (as of 2022).
Idama Grama Niladhari Division
Idama Grama Niladhari Division is a Grama Niladhari Division of the Moratuwa Divisional Secretariat  of Colombo District  of Western Province, Sri Lanka .  It has Grama Niladhari Division Code 552.

St. Sebastian's College, Moratuwa, Prince of Wales' College, Moratuwa and Princess of Wales' College  are located within, nearby or associated with Idama.

Idama is a surrounded by the Horethuduwa North, Rawathawatta West, Kadalana, Moratuwella North, Uyana South and Rawathawatta South  Grama Niladhari Divisions.

St. Sebastian's College, Moratuwa
St. Sebastian's College (Sinhala: සාන්ත සෙබස්තියන් විදුහල, Tamil: செயிண்ட் செபாஸ்டியன் கல்லூரி) is a  Catholic educational institution in Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, established in 1854.

The college enrolls over 4,000 students served by a staff of over 200. The college motto is "Exspecta Dominum Viriliter Age", meaning "Expect the Lord and act manfully" in Latin.
2023 ICC Under-19 Women's T20 World Cup squads
The 2023 ICC Under-19 Women's T20 World Cup took place in South Africa in January 2023. Sixteen teams took part in the tournament, with their squads listed below. Players aged 18 or younger on 31 August 2022 were eligible for selection.

Fran Jonas
Frances Cecilia Jonas (born 8 April 2004) is a New Zealand cricketer who plays for Auckland as a slow left-arm orthodox bowler. In February 2021, Jonas earned her maiden call-up to the New Zealand women's cricket team, for their Women's One Day International (WODI) series against England in February and March 2021.
Wonderfonteinspruit
The Wonderfonteinspruit is a small river situated in the Highveld region of South Africa. Its source has been disputed in the past, although it is now accepted that the river originates in the West Rand of Gauteng between Krugersdorp and Randfontein, at the Tudor Dam, which was initially used as a storage dam for the Luiperdsvlei Gold Plant. In the past the river received a majority of its water from karst springs along its course. The river flows through one of the richest gold-producing areas in the world, which led to the dolomitic compartments which fed the river being dewatered to make way for mining activities. This led to the drying up of the karst springs that fed the river.

Krugersdorp
Krugersdorp (Afrikaans for 'Kruger's Town') is a mining city in the West Rand, Gauteng Province, South Africa founded in 1887 by Marthinus Pretorius and Abner Cohen. Following the discovery of gold on the Witwatersrand, a need arose for a major town in the west of the reef. The government bought part of the Paardekraal farm and named the new town after the Transvaal president, Paul Kruger. Krugersdorp no longer has a separate municipal government after it was integrated into Mogale City Local Municipality along with surrounding towns. It is now the seat of government for Mogale City.
Valley Water Mill Pond
Valley Water Mill Pond is a 13 acres (5.3 ha) reservoir located just north of Springfield, Missouri. It is managed under a joint operation between the Watershed Committee of the Ozarks and the Missouri Conservation Department. The reservoir is spring fed and has Secchi disk readings of over 4 feet (1.2 m).

Missouri Department of Conservation
The Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC) and the Missouri Conservation Commission were created by Article IV Sections 40-42 of the Missouri Constitution, which were adopted by the voters of the state in 1936 as Amendment 4 to the constitution. The Commission is vested with control, management, restoration, conservation, and regulation of fish, forest, and wildlife resources of the state.
The Department of Conservation owns and oversees hatcheries, sanctuaries, refuges, and reservations, and enforces the state wildlife code.  The Commission consists of four individuals appointed by the Governor of Missouri to serve unpaid 6-year terms. No more than two of the individuals may be from the same political party.
Happyland (novel)
Happyland is a satirical novel written by J. Robert Lennon about a town in upstate New York that is taken over by a doll maker. Some have interpreted the plot as an account of American Girl founder Pleasant Rowland's attempt to develop the village of Aurora, Cayuga County, New York, into a quaint tourism destination. The novel also features a women's college, very much like Rowland's alma mater Wells College and portrays it as a center of lesbian activity.

In 2006, Happyland was dropped by publisher W. W. Norton, which had previously published Lennon's book Mailman. Instead, it was published as a five-part serial in Harper's Magazine.

Wells College
Wells College was a private liberal arts college in Aurora, New York, United States. From its founding in 1868 until it became coeducational in 2005, Wells was a women's college. The college's campus, set on the shore of Cayuga Lake, remains a part of the Aurora Village–Wells College Historic District and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Henry Wells, a co-founder of both Wells Fargo & Company and American Express Company, established Wells College in 1868 as Wells Seminary, stating that the promotion of higher education for women was his life's dream. After operating for over 150 years, in 2024, it was announced that the college would be closing at the end of the spring semester. It ceased operations effective June 30, 2024, with administrators citing financial challenges. In 2025, Hobart and William Smith Colleges were announced as Wells' legacy partner, who will maintain the closed college's records and endowment.
Ulupna
Ulupna is a locality in the north of the Australian state of Victoria. The locality is basically Ulupna Island, an inland island bordered by Ulupna Creek and the Murray River. The island is a popular camping destination. In 2016 the Population was 23.

The Ulupna post office opened on 10 February 1879, closed on 11 April 1892, reopened on 1896 and closed on 1 July 1926. A school was opened in 1884 and closed in 1953

River island
A river island is any exposed landmass surrounded by river water. Properly defined, it excludes shoals between seasonally varying flows and may exclude semi-coastal islands in river deltas such as Marajó.

These islands result from changes in the course of a river. Such changes may be caused by interactions with a tributary, or by the opposing fluvial actions of deposition and/or erosion that form a natural cut and meander. Nascent vegetation-free shoals and mudflats may dissipate and shift or build up into such islands through deposition; the process may be assisted through artificial reinforcement or natural factors, such as reeds, palms, evergreen trees or willows, that act as obstacles or erosion barriers, so that water flows around them. Islands may be small or large, covering many square kilometers, examples of which are given below.
Christina Kendziorski
Christina Marie Kendziorski is a biostatistician whose research involves genomics, statistical genetics, and the statistical analysis of data from high-throughput sequencing. She is a professor in the Department of Biostatistics & Medical Informatics at the University of Wisconsin–Madison,

Biostatistics
Biostatistics (sometimes referred to as biometry) is a branch of statistics that applies statistical methods to a wide range of topics in the biological sciences, with a focus on clinical medicine and public health applications. 
The field encompasses the design of experiments, the collection and analysis of experimental and observational data, and the interpretation of the results.
It is closely related to medical statistics.
Plataforma Deltana
The Plataforma Deltana (English: Deltana Platform) is an offshore oil and gas field straddling the maritime borders of Trinidad and Tobago and Venezuela. It is located in the Orinoco delta, about 90 kilometers northeast of the island Tobejuba in the state  Delta Amacuro, and approximately 233 kilometers southeast of Güiria, Sucre State, Venezuela.

Güiria
Güiria is the capital city of Valdez Municipality in the Venezuelan state of Sucre. Güiria was the place where the military campaign for South American independence set out to Upper Peru and also a starting point of the 1901 Venezuelan Civil War, also called the Liberating Revolution. Founded on 8 December 1767, Güiria is the state's third-largest urban centre, with a population of approximately 40,000. It is an important harbour, the only one in Venezuela located on the open Atlantic Ocean rather than on the Caribbean Sea, and the economic centre of Paria Peninsula, due to it being near the Gulf of Paria's natural gas fields, where several state and private companies have exploration projects.
Wila Salla (Oruro)
Wila Salla (Aymara wila red, salla rocks, cliffs, "red rocks") is a 4,652-metre-high (15,262 ft) mountain in the Andes of Bolivia. It is located in the Oruro Department, Eduardo Abaroa Province, Challapata Municipality. It lies southeast of Wila Qullu and Wila Quta.

Eduardo Abaroa Province
Eduardo Abaroa, also Eduardo Avaroa, or Challapata is a province in the southeastern parts of the Bolivian department of Oruro. Its seat is Challapata. The province was named after Colonel Eduardo Abaroa, Bolivia's hero of the War of the Pacific.
Kathrin Röggla
Kathrin Röggla (born 1971) is an Austrian writer, essayist and playwright. She was born in Salzburg, Germany and lived in Berlin from 1992 until moving to Cologne in 2020. She has written numerous prose works, including essays, as well as dramas and radio plays. For her literary works, she has won a wide range of awards.

In May 2012, she was elected a member of the Academy of Arts, Berlin. In November 2015, she also was elected a member of the Deutsche Akademie für Sprache und Dichtung ('German Academy for Language and Literature') in Darmstadt. In 2020, she joined the Academy of Media Arts Cologne.

Röggla is married to the theater director, actor and translator Leopold von Verschuer, and has a son and two daughters.

Academy of Media Arts Cologne
The Academy of Media Arts Cologne (KunstHochschule für Medien Köln) is the art and film school of the state of North Rhine Westphalia. It was founded 1989 in Cologne, Germany. Notable artists and filmmakers who studied or taught at the academy include Rosa Barba, VALIE EXPORT, Karen Eliot, Marcel Odenbach, Jürgen Klauke, Phil Collins, Peter Lilienthal, Sophie Maintigneux, Julia Scher, Anthony Moore, Johannes Wohnseifer, Werner Nekes, Hans Weingartner, Jacob Kirkegaard, Sebastian Strasser, Li Yang, Beate Gütschow, Ubermorgen, Varvara & Mar, Joana Moll.
Collegiate Middle Level Association
The Collegiate Middle Level Association (CMLA) is a student association designed to promote and support the professional development of future middle level teachers, as well as the development and nurturing of middle level education programs.  CMLA is an affiliate of National Middle School Association.

As of 2025, Dr. Sarah Pennington and Dr. Kristie Smith serve as the faculty advisors.

Illinois State University
Illinois State University (ISU) is a public research university in Normal, Illinois, United States. It was founded in 1857 as Illinois State Normal University and is the oldest public university in Illinois. It operates additional facilities in its twin city, Bloomington, and in Springfield.

The university emphasizes teaching and is recognized as one of the top ten largest producers of teachers in the US according to the American Association of Colleges of Teacher Education. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity". The university's athletic teams are members of the Missouri Valley Conference and the Missouri Valley Football Conference and are known as the "Redbirds," in reference to the state bird, the cardinal.
Manslaughter in English law
In the English law of homicide, manslaughter is a less serious offence than murder, the differential being between levels of fault based on the mens rea (Latin for "guilty mind") or by reason of a partial defence. In England and Wales, a common practice is to prefer a charge of murder, with the judge or defence able to introduce manslaughter as an option (see alternative verdict). The jury then decides whether the defendant is guilty or not guilty of either murder or manslaughter. On conviction for manslaughter, sentencing is at the judge's discretion, whereas a sentence of life imprisonment is mandatory on conviction for murder. Manslaughter may be either voluntary or involuntary, depending on whether the accused has the required mens rea for murder.

Defendant
In court proceedings, a defendant is a person or object who is the party either accused of committing a crime in criminal prosecution or against whom some type of civil relief is being sought in a civil case.

Terminology varies from one jurisdiction to another. In Scots law, the terms "accused" or "panel" are used instead in criminal proceedings and "defender" in civil proceedings. Another term in use is "respondent".
Sher-e-Punjab: Maharaja Ranjit Singh
Sher-e-Punjab: Maharaja Ranjit Singh (English: Lion of Punjab: King Ranjit Singh) is an Indian historical drama based on the life of Maharaja Ranjit Singh (1780 –1839), the founder of the Sikh Empire, which ruled the northwest Indian subcontinent in the early half of the 19th century. The series stars Damanpreet Singh, Tunisha Sharma, Shaleen Bhanot, Rumi Khan, Sonia Singh, Sneha Wagh and Chetan Pandit.

The series premiered on Life OK on 20 March 2017.

Life OK
Life OK was an Indian pay television channel owned by Star India. The channel was launched on 18 December 2011 at 1:00 AM, replacing Star One.

It also started airing in the United States on 1 March 2012, and in the United Kingdom and Ireland on 28 May of that same year. It launched its own high-definition feed in October 2012.

On 9 September 2012, the channel's mythological drama Devon Ke Dev...Mahadev recorded a Television Viewership Rating (TVR) of 8.2, marking its highest Television Rating Point (TRP) of 167.[4].

The channel was rebranded as Star Bharat on 28 August 2017.
1949 Speedway National League Division Three
The 1949 National League Division Three was the third season of British speedway's National League Division Three.

The league expanded to 13 teams from 12. Cradley Heath, Southampton and Coventry had all moved up to Division Two whilst Wombwell dropped out. The five new sides were Liverpool Chads, Leicester Hunters, Rayleigh Rockets, Oxford Cheetahs and Halifax Dukes. The latter racing on a new speedway track at The Shay.

Swindon Robins joined the league late in the season, when Reg Witcomb applied to the Speedway Control Board to take over the remaining fixtures of Hull Angels, who had withdrawn from the league.

Hanley Potters won the title on race points difference from Yarmouth Bloaters and Billy Bales of Yarmouth topped the averages.

The Shay
The Shay is a multi-purpose sports stadium in Halifax, West Yorkshire, England. It is home to the FC Halifax Town association football club and the Halifax Panthers rugby league team.

The stadium is owned by the Calderdale Metropolitan Borough Council, who formerly leased the stadium to the Shay Stadium Trust, a nonprofit organisation set up to preserve the ground as a sports stadium. The council agreed to sell the stadium to Huddersfield Giants owner and local businessman Ken Davy in March 2025, however the sale is yet to be completed.

The Shay lies on the south side of Halifax, about a quarter of a mile from the town centre. The four stands at the stadium include the North Stand, the East Stand, the South Stand and the Skircoat Stand. The North and South stands were built in the mid-1990s. The Skircoat Stand is the oldest stand in the stadium.
Selenite Range
The Selenite Range is a mountain range in western Pershing County, Nevada. The range is a north–south trending feature approximately 27 miles (43 km) long and 4 miles (6.4 km) wide.

The Fox Range lies to the west across the San Emidio Desert valley and the south end of the Black Rock Desert playa. Gerlach and Empire are two communities on the foothills and just to the northwest of the range. These communities supported the gypsum mines in the range during their active period. The large Empire gypsum quarry lies just west of Luxor Peak at 40° 30' N; 119° 18' W just 1.2 mi (1.9 km) northwest of Kumiva Peak. The range was named for deposits of selenite, a variety of gypsum.

Named Peaks in the range from north to south include: Selenite Peak, 7,115 ft (2,169 m); Luxor Peak, 7,420 ft (2,260 m); Kumiva Peak, 8,238 ft (2,511 m); Purgatory Peak, 7,417 ft (2,261 m); and Mt. Limbo, 7,312 ft (2,229 m).

Selenite (gypsum)
Selenite is a mostly clear, transparent variety of the sulfate mineral gypsum.

The name selenite is also commonly used for other varieties of gypsum, including satin spar gypsum, desert roses, and gypsum flowers.

All varieties of gypsum, including selenite, satin spar, and alabaster, are composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate (meaning that it has two molecules of water), with the chemical formula CaSO4·2H2O. Selenite contains no selenium; the similar names both derive from Greek selḗnē (σελήνη 'Moon').

Some of the largest crystals ever found are of selenite, the largest specimen found in the Naica Mine's Cave of the Crystals being 12 meters long and weighing 12 tons.
Argyresthia austerella
Argyresthia austerella is a moth of the  family Yponomeutidae. It is found in North America, including Florida, Texas, Oklahoma, Ohio, Kentucky, Illinois, Missouri, New Hampshire and Maryland.

The wingspan is 8–9 mm. The forewings are white, with striking dark-brown markings. The entire costal edge and apical part of the wing are mottled with dark brown, in which the ground colour appears as small dots and dashes, especially in the apical part. Before the middle of the costa, a dark brown, nearly black, inwardly oblique streak is found, reaching to the fold. From just beyond the middle of the costa runs a broader blackish brown fascia parallel with the first costal streak, but reaching the costal edge. At the apical third is a third dark streak parallel to the other two, but generally more or less diffused into the dark apical part of the wing.

Ermine moth
Certain members of the unrelated snout moths (Pyralidae) are also known as "ermine moths." Spilosoma lubricipeda is an unrelated moth with the common name "white ermine."

An ermine moth is any moth in the family Yponomeutidae, which has several hundred species, most of them in the tropics. The larvae tend to form communal webs, and some are minor pests in agriculture, forestry, and horticulture. Adult moths are minor pollinators.
Electron-coupled oscillator
In the vacuum-tube radio, an electron-coupled oscillator or ECO oscillator uses a screen-grid tube with the cathode, control grid and screen grid forming the elements of the frequency-generating circuit while the plate is in the output circuit, shielded from the oscillator circuit proper by the screen grid. The ECO oscillator is practically impervious to rather drastic variations in its load circuit. The variation in the heater-cathode capacity with temperature changes tends to compensate for other capacity-temperature effects, with the result that the frequency creep during warming-up is less than is usual with the same tubes in more conventional circuits. The ECO oscillator was used for shortwave superhet radios.

History of radio
The history of radio had many contributors, beginning with the scientific discovery of electromagnetic radiation (radio waves) in the late 1800s, followed by technological development of improved devices for producing and receiving transmissions.

Radio was at first employed for "wireless telegraphy", using on-off signaling such as Morse code, initially for private point-to-point communication. The invention in the early 1900s of devices capable of audio transmissions greatly increased its utility, most prominently with the introduction of broadcasting to a widespread, non-technical, audience.
Kurwaldbahn
The Kurwaldbahn is a funicular railway in the town of Bad Ems in the Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It links the city with a view point, complete with a Bismarckturm (Bismarck Tower), and lies opposite the closed Malbergbahn funicular on the other bank of the River Lahn.

The funicular was constructed in 1979 and reconditioned in 2005. It operates daily every few minutes between 06:15 and 22:30.

The funicular has the following technical parameters:

Length: 220 metres (722 ft)

Height: 132 metres (433 ft)

Maximum Steepness: 78%

Configuration: single track with passing loop

Cars: 2

Capacity: 25 passengers per car

Journey time: 70 seconds

Track gauge: 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in)

Traction: Electricity

Track gauge
In rail transport, track gauge is the distance between the two rails of a railway track. All vehicles on a rail network must have wheelsets that are compatible with the track gauge. Since many different track gauges exist worldwide, gauge differences often present a barrier to wider operation on railway networks.

The term derives from the metal bar, or gauge, that is used to ensure the distance between the rails is correct.

Railways also deploy two other gauges to ensure compliance with a required standard. A loading gauge is a two-dimensional profile that encompasses a cross-section of the track, a rail vehicle and a maximum-sized load: all rail vehicles and their loads must be contained in the corresponding envelope. A structure gauge specifies the outline into which structures (bridges, platforms, lineside equipment etc.) must not encroach.
Tejano Music Award for Album of the Year – Conjunto
The Tejano Music Award for Album of the Year – Conjunto (formerly the Tejano Music Award for Album of the Year – Conjunto/Traditional from the 11th and 12th awards ceremony) is an honor presented annually by the Texas Talent Musicians Association (TTMA). Musicians nominated for this category are performers of the conjunto style of Tejano music.

Current holder, the Hometown Boys are tied with David Lee Garza for most wins at five. While Elida Reyna remains the only female musician to have won the award, Linda Escobar has been the most nominated female singer with three nominations.

David Lee Garza
David Lee Garza (born February 15, 1957) is an American Tejano musician and bandleader. Garza was born and raised in Poteet, Texas.

Garza and his band have been responsible for jumpstarting the careers of numerous Tejano vocalists by way of collaboration, including Ramiro “Ram” Herrera, Emilio Navaira, Oscar G., Jay Perez, Marcos Orozco, Mark Ledesma, and Ben Ozuna. The current vocalist for the group is Cezar Martinez.

Garza's album Just Friends won the 2013 Latin Grammy for Best Tejano Album.

In March 2022, Garza announced a collaboration with Tejano guitarist Chris Pérez. The two shared images from the recording studio, teasing the upcoming release.