hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Arkadyevka
Arkadyevka (Russian: Аркадьевка) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Arkadyevsky Selsoviet of Arkharinsky District, Amur Oblast, Russia. The population was 631 in 2018. There are 17 streets.

Arkharinsky District
Arkharinsky District  (Russian: Архари́нский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty in Amur Oblast, Russia. The area of the district is 14,355 square kilometers (5,542 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Arkhara. Population: 17,186 (2010 Census); 21,068 (2002 Census); 27,537 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Arkhara accounts for 55.8% of the district's total population.
Wiesbaden-Sonnenberg
Sonnenberg (German pronunciation: [ˈzɔnənbɛʁk]) is a borough of Wiesbaden, the capital of the state of Hesse, Germany. Formerly an independent municipality, Sonnenberg was incorporated into Wiesbaden on 28 October 1926. The borough has approximately 8,000 residents.

Sonnenberg is located in the northeast of the city.  Its historic center is located in the foothills of the Taunus in the narrow valley of Rambach.

Burg Sonnenberg (Sonnenberg Castle) is situated on a mountain spur above the town. While the castle is now in ruins, the castle tower and parts of the fortifications and the city walls are preserved to a large extent.

Taunus
The Taunus (German pronunciation: [ˈtaʊnʊs] ⓘ) is a mountain range in Hesse and Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, located north west of Frankfurt and north of Wiesbaden. The tallest peak in the range is Großer Feldberg at 878 m; other notable peaks are Kleiner Feldberg (825 m) and Altkönig (798 m).

The range is bounded on three sides (west, north, and south) by the Rhine and its tributaries, namely the Lahn and the Main, and on the east by the plain of Wetterau. It spans the districts of Hochtaunuskreis, Main-Taunus-Kreis, Rheingau-Taunus, Limburg-Weilburg, and Rhein-Lahn. The range is known for its geothermal springs and mineral waters that formerly attracted members of the European aristocracy to its spa towns. The car line Ford Taunus is named after it.
PKA (irradiation)
In condensed-matter physics, a primary knock-on atom (PKA) is an atom that is displaced from its lattice site by irradiation; it is, by definition, the first atom that an incident particle encounters in the target. After it is displaced from its initial lattice site, the PKA can induce the subsequent lattice site displacements of other atoms if it possesses sufficient energy (threshold displacement energy), or come to rest in the lattice at an interstitial site if it does not (interstitial defect).

Most of the displaced atoms resulting from electron irradiation and some other types of irradiation are PKAs, since these are usually below the threshold displacement energy and therefore do not have sufficient energy to displace more atoms. In other cases like fast neutron irradiation, most of the displacements result from higher-energy PKAs colliding with other atoms as they slow down to rest.

Irradiation
Irradiation is the process by which an object is exposed to radiation. An irradiator is a device used to expose an object to radiation, most often gamma radiation, for a variety of purposes. Irradiators may be used for sterilizing medical and pharmaceutical supplies, preserving foodstuffs, alteration of gemstone colors, studying radiation effects, eradicating insects through sterile male release programs, or calibrating thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs).

The exposure can originate from various sources, including natural sources. Most frequently the term refers to ionizing radiation, and to a level of radiation that will serve a specific purpose, rather than radiation exposure to normal levels of background radiation. The term irradiation usually excludes the exposure to non-ionizing radiation, such as infrared, visible light, microwaves from cellular phones or electromagnetic waves emitted by radio and television receivers and power supplies.
Brown stingaree
The brown stingaree (Urolophus westraliensis) is a little-known species of stingray in the family Urolophidae, found at a depth of 60–220 m (200–720 ft) on the outer continental shelf off northern Western Australia. This species has a rhomboid pectoral fin disc colored light yellow or brown, sometimes with three faint, darker, transverse bars. Its nostrils have a skirt-shaped curtain of skin between them. Its tail ends in a leaf-shaped caudal fin and either lacks or has poorly developed lateral skin folds and a dorsal fin. The maximum known length is 36 cm (14 in). The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has listed the brown stingaree under Least Concern, as there is negligible fishing pressure across most of its range.

Myliobatiformes
Myliobatiformes (/mɪliˈɒbətɪfɔːrmiːz/), commonly known as stingrays, are one of the four orders of batoids, cartilaginous fishes related to sharks. They are members of the subclass elasmobranchs. They were formerly included in the order Rajiformes, but more recent phylogenetic studies have shown the Myliobatiformes to be a monophyletic group, and its more derived members evolved their highly flattened shapes independently of the skates.
Cool Boarders 4
Cool Boarders 4 is a 1999 snowboarding video game developed by Idol Minds and published by Sony Computer Entertainment for the PlayStation. 989 Studios released it in North America while UEP Systems, the creator of the Cool Boarders series, released it in Japan.

In the game, the player can play multiple tracks with multiple characters. The campaign includes scenarios such as slalom runs and time attacks. In the game, the feature of multiplayer is also accessible.

Sports video game
A sports video game is a video game that simulates the practice of sports. Most sports have been recreated with video games, including team sports, track and field, extreme sports, and combat sports. Some games emphasize playing the sport (such as EA Sports FC, eFootball, EA Sports F1, EA Sports WRC, NBA 2K and TopSpin 2K25), whilst others emphasize strategy and sport management (such as Football Manager and Out of the Park Baseball). Some, such as Need for Speed, Arch Rivals and Punch-Out!!, satirize the sport for comic effect. This genre has been popular throughout the history of video games and is competitive, just like real-world sports. A number of game series feature the names and characteristics of real teams and players, and are updated annually to reflect real-world changes. The sports genre is one of the oldest genres in gaming history.
Davia Temin
Davia B. Temin is a writer, speaker, and management consultant based in New York. She is president and CEO of Temin and Company Incorporated, an international reputation, risk and crisis management, strategic marketing and media, and leadership coaching firm that specializes in crisis preparation, management, communication and recovery, as well as corporate governance and corporate culture consulting. She is the creator of the Temin Index, the largest known inventory of #MeToo accusations since sexual misconduct allegations surfaced against Bill Cosby. She is also the author of the "Reputation Matters" column of Forbes.com, and is a contributor for Huffington Post, American Banker, Directors & Boards, Corporate Board Member, Institutional Investor and Chief Executive Magazine.

Coaching
Coaching is a form of development in which an experienced person, called a coach, supports a learner or client in achieving a specific personal or professional goal by providing training and guidance. The learner is sometimes called a coachee. Occasionally, coaching may mean an informal relationship between two people, of whom one has more experience and expertise than the other and offers advice and guidance as the latter learns; but coaching differs from mentoring by focusing on specific tasks or objectives, as opposed to more general goals or overall development.
Christopher Whitehead Language College
Christopher Whitehead Language College and Sixth Form is a secondary school in Worcester, Worcestershire, England. It is a co-educational school, in which there are about 1500 students enrolled, aged between 11 and 19. The school holds Specialist Language College status, and became an academy in 2011. In 2015 they opened a new sixth form centre with the first intake arriving in September 2015.

Language College (United Kingdom specialist schools programme)
Language Colleges were introduced in 1995 as part of the 2011-defunct specialist schools programme (SSP) in the United Kingdom. The system enabled secondary schools to specialise in certain fields, in this case, modern foreign languages. Schools that successfully applied to the Specialist Schools Trust and became Language Colleges received extra funding for language teaching from this joint private sector and government scheme. Language Colleges act as a local point of reference for other schools and businesses in the area, with an emphasis on promoting languages within the community. They are also encouraged to develop links with schools and other institutions in foreign countries. There were 216 Language Colleges in the country by 2010.

The specialist schools programme was discontinued by the Conservative-Liberal Democrat coalition government in April 2011. Since then schools can become Language Colleges either through academisation or through the Dedicated Schools Grant.
Zhang Lianwei
Zhang Lianwei (Chinese: 张连伟; born 2 May 1965) is a Chinese professional golfer.

Zhang was the first golfer from the People's Republic of China to achieve substantial success on the international professional circuit. In January 2003 he became the first Chinese golfer to win on the European Tour, and the following year was the first to compete in the Masters Tournament, one of the four major championships.

Japan Golf Tour
The Japan Golf Tour (Japanese: 日本ゴルフツアー機構) is a prominent professional golf tour. It was founded in 1973 and as of 2006, it offered the third-highest annual prize fund out of the regular (that is not for seniors) men's professional tours after the PGA Tour and the European Tour. However, since the early 1990s, the growth in prize money has not kept pace with that on the two larger tours. Official events on the Japan Golf Tour count for Official World Golf Ranking points and success on the tour can also qualify members to play in the majors.
1871 Ripon by-election
The 1871 Ripon by-election was held on 15 February 1871.  The by-election was held due to the resignation of the incumbent MP of the Liberal Party, Lord John Hay.  It was won by the Liberal candidate Sir Henry Knight Storks.

Lord John Hay (Royal Navy officer, born 1827)
Admiral of the Fleet Lord John Hay, GCB (23 August 1827 – 4 May 1916) was a Royal Navy officer and politician. After seeing action in 1842 during the First Opium War, he went ashore with the Naval Brigade and took part in the defence of Eupatoria in November 1854 and the Siege of Sevastopol in spring 1855 during the Crimean War. He also took part in the Battle of Taku Forts in August 1860 during the Second Opium War. As a politician, he became Member of Parliament for Wick and later for Ripon. He was sent to the Mediterranean in July 1878 to take control of Cyprus and to occupy it in accordance with decisions reached at the Congress of Berlin. In a highly political appointment, he was made First Naval Lord in March 1886 when the Marquis of Ripon became First Lord of the Admiralty but had to stand down just five months later when William Gladstone's Liberal government fell from power in August 1886.
Palme (surname)
Palme is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Franc Palme (1914–1946), Yugoslavian Olympic alpine skier

Gabriele Palme (born 1964), German handball player

Henry Palmé (1907–1987), Swedish marathon runner

Joakim Palme (born 1958), Swedish political scientist, son of Olof and Lisbeth Palme

Lisbeth Palme (1931–2018), Swedish children's psychologist, international chairwoman for UNICEF, wife of Olof Palme

Margit Palme (1939–2025), Austrian painter

Mårten Palme (born 1961), Swedish economist, son of Olof and Lisbeth Palme

Olof Palme (1927–1986), assassinated Prime Minister of Sweden

Rajani Palme Dutt (1896–1974), British politician

Rudolf Palme (1910–2005), Austrian chess player

Sieur de la Palme, Newfoundland governor

Ulf Palme (1920–1993), Swedish actor

R. Palme Dutt
Rajani Palme Dutt (Bengali pronunciation: [rɔd͡ʒoni pam dɔtːo]; 19 June 1896 – 20 December 1974) was a British political figure, journalist and theoretician who served as the fourth general secretary of the Communist Party of Great Britain during World War II from October 1939 to June 1941. His classic book India Today heralded the Marxist approach in Indian historiography.
Freddy de Ruiter
Freddy de Ruiter (born 4 April 1969 in Arendal) is a Norwegian politician for the Labour and Socialist Left parties.

De Ruiter was elected to the Parliament of Norway from Aust-Agder in 2005, 2009 and 2013. He had previously served as a deputy representative during the terms 1993–1997 and 1997–2001. In 2019 he left the Labour Party and entered the Socialist Left Party.

On the local level de Ruiter was a member of Arendal city council from 1991 to 1995 and Aust-Agder county council from 1995 to 2007. He chaired the regional Workers' Youth League chapter from 1991 to 1994 and the local Labour Party chapter from 2004 to 2006.

Outside politics de Ruiter worked as a county secretary of the Workers' Youth League, then high school teacher at Blakstad and Åmli. He was educated in history, political science and pedagogics at Agder University College, the University of Bergen and the University of Oslo.

University of Agder
The University of Agder (Norwegian: Universitetet i Agder), formerly known as Agder College and Agder University College, is a public university with campuses in Kristiansand and Grimstad, Norway. The institution was established as a university college (høgskole) in 1994 through the merger of the Agder University College and five other colleges, including a technical college and a nursing school, and was granted the status of a full university in 2007.
Pietro Lombardo
Pietro Lombardo is also the Italian version of the name of the theologian Peter Lombard.

Pietro Lombardo (1435–1515) was an Italian Renaissance sculptor and architect; born in Carona (Ticino), he was the father of Tullio Lombardo and Antonio Lombardo.

In the late 15th century, Pietro Lombardo sculpted many Venetian tombs with the help of his sons.  These tombs included those of Dante Alighieri, Doge Pasquale Malipiero and Pietro Mocenigo.  He was the architect and chief sculptor for the Church of Santa Maria dei Miracoli, Venice (1481–1489) and of San Giobbe in Venice. He also depicted saints and the Virgin Mary on the walls of several Catholic churches.

Pietro Lombardo is mentioned in line 27 of Canto XLV by Ezra Pound as the first in a list of Italian renaissance artists whom Pound admired.

Pasquale Malipiero
Pasquale Malipiero, called the dux pacificus (1392 in Venice – May 5, 1462 in Venice) was a Venetian statesman who served as the 66th Doge of Venice from October 30, 1457 until his death. He succeeded Francesco Foscari, and was specifically elected by enemies of the Foscari family. In 1458, he signed into law a number of measures limiting the power of the Council of Ten.

Malipiero was interred in the Basilica di San Giovanni e Paolo, a traditional burial place of the doges. He was succeeded as Doge by Cristoforo Moro.

Pasquale was married to Giovanna Dandolo.
Peter Self
Peter John Otter Self (7 June 1919 – 29 March 1999) was an English journalist, academic, planning policy-maker and university teacher of planning.

Self was born in Brighton, to Audrey (Otter) and Henry Self, a civil servant. Self was educated at Lancing College and Balliol College, Oxford, where he read Philosophy, Politics and Economics. In the Second World War, he was a conscientious objector, working on a farm. In his academic career, he became Professor of Public Administration at the London School of Economics, where he was a prominent member and leader of its Greater London Group research centre.  He was also a prominent member of the Town and Country Planning Association. He then became Professor of Urban Research at the Australian National University. He died in Canberra on 29 March 1999.

He was the father of Jonathan Self and Will Self.

Conscientious objector
A conscientious objector is an "individual who has claimed the right to refuse to perform military service" on the grounds of freedom of conscience or religion. The term has also been extended to objecting to working for the military–industrial complex due to a crisis of conscience. In some countries, conscientious objectors are assigned to an alternative civilian service as a substitute for conscription or military service.

A number of organizations around the world celebrate the principle on May 15 as International Conscientious Objection Day.

On March 8, 1995, the United Nations Commission on Human Rights resolution 1995/83 stated that "persons performing military service should not be excluded from the right to have conscientious objections to military service". This was re-affirmed on April 22, 1998, when resolution 1998/77 recognized that "persons [already] performing military service may develop conscientious objections".
What's Going On (song)
"What's Going On" is a song by American singer-songwriter Marvin Gaye, released on January 21, 1971, on the Motown subsidiary Tamla. It is the opening track of Gaye's studio album of the same name. Originally inspired by a police brutality incident witnessed by Renaldo "Obie" Benson, the song was composed by Benson, Al Cleveland, and Gaye and produced by Gaye himself. The song marked Gaye's departure from the Motown Sound towards more personal material. Later topping the Hot Soul Singles chart for five weeks and crossing over to number two on the Billboard Hot 100, it would sell over two million copies, becoming Gaye's second-most successful Motown song to date. It was ranked at number 4 in Rolling Stone magazine's 500 Greatest Songs of All Time in 2004 and 2010, number 6 on the updated list in 2021 and 2024, and at number 15 on its list of "The 100 Best Protest Songs of All Time" in 2025.

Bobby Rogers
Robert Edward Rogers (February 19, 1940 – March 3, 2013) was an American musician and tenor singer, best known as a founding member of Motown vocal group the Miracles from 1956 until his death. He was inducted, in 2012, as a member of the Miracles to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. In addition to singing, he also contributed to writing some of the Miracles' songs. Rogers is the grandfather of R&B singer Brandi Williams from the R&B girl group Blaque and is a cousin of fellow Miracles member Claudette Rogers Robinson.
New Acts of the Year Show
The NATYS: New Acts of The Year Showcase, previously known as The Hackney Empire New Act of the Year, is an annual industry showcase that promotes new waves of emerging Comedy and Variety acts.  It ran at the Hackney Empire Theatre from 1988 until 2010. Since then it has toured round London theatres and performance spaces, playing the Barbican Theatre, Stratford Circus, Bloomsbury Theatre, Leicester Square Theatre and The Bernie Grant Arts Centre.

Simon Amstell
Simon Marc Amstell (born 29 November 1979) is an English comedian, writer and director. He wrote and directed the films Carnage (2017) and Benjamin (2018). His work on television has included presenting Popworld and Never Mind the Buzzcocks.
Suhel Seth
Suhel Seth (born 28 May 1963) is an Indian businessman and columnist who is the founder and managing partner of the consultancy firm Counselage India. Seth is also a columnist, actor, keynote speaker, and a TV Pundit.

He currently serves as the chairman, Marketing Committees of Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) and Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry (FICCI). He is also on the Experts Committee of Indian Railway Board.

Ministry of Railways (India)
The Ministry of Railways is a ministry in the Government of India, responsible for the country's rail transport. The Indian Railways is the rail network operated and administered by the Railway Board constituted by the ministry. The ministry along with the Railway Board is housed inside Rail Bhawan in New Delhi. It is headed by the Minister of Railways. With more than 1.2 million employees, it is one of the world's largest employers.
2023 Open de Limoges – Doubles
Cristina Bucșa and Yana Sizikova won the doubles title at the 2023 Open de Limoges, defeating Oksana Kalashnikova and Maia Lumsden in the final, 6–4, 6–1.

Kalashnikova and Marta Kostyuk were the reigning champions, but Kostyuk did not participate this year.

Maia Lumsden
Maia Lumsden (born 10 January 1998) is a British professional tennis player. She has a career-high doubles ranking of world No. 57, achieved on 1 July 2024. Lumsden has won four doubles titles on the WTA Challenger Tour as well as three titles in singles and eleven in doubles on the ITF Circuit.
Tom Peloso
Tom Peloso  is an American musician. He is a current active member of the indie rock band Modest Mouse.  Peloso has played with Modest Mouse since their 2004 album, Good News for People Who Love Bad News, including their latest release, The Golden Casket.  He also plays in his own band, Tom Peloso and The Virginia Sheiks.

Before joining Modest Mouse, Peloso was a founding member of the Charlottesville based bluegrass group The Hackensaw Boys, playing upright bass and fiddle. Two of his songs, "Hobo" and "Sweet Petunia", appear on their album Look Out! On March 1, 2009 Tom Peloso released a digital EP, The Last Saturday of the Year, containing four new tracks recorded in fall 2008 at Monkeyclaus studio.

The Golden Casket
The Golden Casket is the seventh studio album by the American alternative rock band Modest Mouse, released on June 25, 2021, on Epic Records. Produced by Dave Sardy and Jacknife Lee, the album was preceded by the singles, "We Are Between", "Leave a Light On" and "The Sun Hasn't Left".

The album is the last to feature guitarist Jim Fairchild and Lisa Molinaro. Both departed from the band just days prior to the album's release. This was also the last album to feature drummer Jeremiah Green before his death in December 2022.
D. G. Leahy
D. G. Leahy (March 20, 1937 – August 7, 2014) was an American philosopher and philosophical theologian, called by Thomas J. J. Altizer "our most radical and comprehensive postmodern thinker." His books include Novitas Mundi: Perception of the History of Being, Foundation: Matter the Body Itself, Faith and Philosophy: The Historical Impact,  and Beyond Sovereignty: A New Global Ethics and Morality.

He was tenured in Classics at New York University, where he received the Lindback Foundation Award for distinguished teaching. He later taught in the Religious Studies program at NYU and was appointed for a three-year term as Distinguished Visiting Professor of Philosophy at Loyola University Maryland.

He founded The New York Philosophy Corporation in 2003, where he taught courses on the history of philosophy and theology until a year before his death.

Philosophical theology
Philosophical theology is both a branch and form of theology in which philosophical methods are used in developing or analyzing theological concepts. It therefore includes natural theology as well as philosophical treatments of orthodox and heterodox theology. Philosophical theology is also closely related to the philosophy of religion.