hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2018 American Samoan constitutional referendum
A constitutional referendum was held in American Samoa on 6 November 2018, alongside general elections. The proposed constitutional amendment would allow the Fono to override the veto of the Governor, a proposal which had previously been rejected by voters in referendums in 2008, 2010, 2012 and 2014. Voters again rejected the measure, with 70% voting against.

2010 American Samoan constitutional referendum
A constitutional referendum was held in American Samoa on November 2, 2010, on the same day of the United States House of Representatives election and American Samoan general election.

Voters voted on amendments to the Constitution of American Samoa which had been approved by a Constitutional convention held from June 21 through July 2, 2010, the 4th such convention. The changes were ultimately rejected by a majority of over 4,000 votes.
Back Blast
Back Blast is an action thriller novel by Mark Greaney, published on February 16, 2016, by Berkley Books. It is the fifth book in the Gray Man series, featuring assassin and former CIA operative Court Gentry. The novel follows Gentry as he seeks answers for the shoot-on-sight sanction by his former CIA employers against him.

Mossad
The Institute for Intelligence and Special Operations (Hebrew: המוסד למודיעין ולתפקידים מיוחדים, romanized: ha-Mosád le-Modiʿín u-le-Tafkidím Meyuḥadím), popularly known as Mossad (UK: /ˈmɒsæd/ MOSS-ad, US: /moʊˈsɑːd/ moh-SAHD), is the national intelligence agency of the State of Israel. It is one of the main entities in the Israeli Intelligence Community, along with Aman (military intelligence) and Shin Bet (internal security).

Mossad is responsible for intelligence collection, covert operations, and counter-terrorism. Its director answers directly and only to the prime minister. Its annual budget is estimated to be around ₪10 billion (US$2.73 billion), and it is estimated that it employs around 7,000 people, making it one of the world's largest espionage agencies. The organization has orchestrated many assassination plots across a variety of locations.
Zhang Wentong
Zhang Wentong (Chinese: 张文彤; born September 1968) is a Chinese engineer and public administrator. He currently serves as Vice Minister of the Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China and as a Vice Chairperson of the China Democratic National Construction Association (CDNCA). He is a representative of the 14th National People's Congress.

Ministry of Natural Resources (China)
The Ministry of Natural Resources is an executive-department of the State Council of the People's Republic of China which is responsible for natural resources in the country. It is the 14th-ranking department of the State Council.

It was formed on 19 March 2018, taking on the responsibilities of the now-defunct Ministry of Land and Resources, State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping and State Oceanic Administration, with additional responsibilities coming from other departments and ministries.
HD 83332
HD 83332 (HR 3830) is a solitary, orange hued star located in the southern constellation Antlia. It has an apparent magnitude of 5.68, making it faintly visible to the naked eye if viewed under ideal conditions. The star is located 285 light years away based on its annual parallax shift, but is drifting away with a radial velocity of 30 km/s.

HD 83332 has a classification of K0 III, which suggests it is an evolved giant star. At present it has 1.6 times the mass of the Sun and at an age of  2.7 billion years, has expanded to a radius of 10.6 R☉. It radiates at 55 times the luminosity of the Sun  from its enlarged photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,610 K. HD 83332 has a solar metallicity, 112% that of the Sun to be exact, and is a member of the thin disk.

Metallicity
In astronomy, metallicity is the abundance of elements present in an object that are heavier than hydrogen and helium. Most of the normal currently detectable (i.e. non-dark) matter in the universe is either hydrogen or helium, and astronomers use the word metals as convenient shorthand for all elements except hydrogen and helium. This word-use is distinct from the conventional chemical or physical definition of a metal as an electrically conducting element. Stars and nebulae with relatively high abundances of heavier elements are called metal-rich when discussing metallicity, even though many of those elements are called nonmetals in chemistry.
Live from Vatnagarðar
Live from Vatnagarðar is the first live album by the Icelandic alternative folk band Of Monsters and Men, recorded at Studio Sýrland in Vatnagarðar and released digitally through Republic Records worldwide on 20 September 2013. The album consists of six tracks from their previous album—four concert versions, an acoustic version, and a sombre take on their happiest-sounding song—, plus the cover song of their second tour: Yeah Yeah Yeahs' "Skeletons". The first concert performance of this album's version of Little Talks was during the first concert of the band's "May/June North American Tour", at The Orpheum in Vancouver, BC, Canada on 12 May 2013.

Of Monsters and Men
Of Monsters and Men is an English-language Icelandic indie folk/rock band formed in Garðabær in 2010. It consists of lead singer and guitarist Nanna Bryndís Hilmarsdóttir, singer and guitarist Ragnar "Raggi" Þórhallsson, lead guitarist Brynjar Leifsson, drummer Arnar Rósenkranz Hilmarsson, and bassist Kristján Páll Kristjánsson.

The band has released four studio albums: My Head Is an Animal (2011), Beneath the Skin (2015), Fever Dream (2019), and All Is Love and Pain in the Mouse Parade (2025). They achieved commercial success with their 2011 single "Little Talks", which reached the top 10 of the charts in several countries and no. 20 on the Billboard Hot 100.

In 2010, Of Monsters and Men won the Músíktilraunir, an annual Battle of the Bands in Iceland. They won the European Border Breakers Awards in 2013.
Sealed server
A sealed server is a type of server which is designed to run without users logging in. This setup has several potential benefits over a traditional server:

Stronger security. Since users do not log in, it is possible for a sealed server to use stronger authentication than a password mechanism.

Transparency. Since files are not accessed directly, a sealed server can store its payload in any format, without the clients needing any information about this.

Less opportunity for user error. Since a user does not have full control over the files on the server, there is less opportunity for them to, for example, change the mode of a private file to be world-readable.

A sealed server is primarily useful for data-centric mechanisms such as email, and is unsuited to file-centric protocols such as FTP.

Stat (system call)
stat() is a Unix system call that queries the file system for metadata about a file (including special files such as directories). The metadata contains many fields including type, size, ownership, permissions and timestamps.

For example, the ls command uses this system call to retrieve timestamps:

mtime: when last modified (ls -l)

atime: when last accessed (ls -lu)

ctime: when last status changed (ls -lc)

stat() appeared in Version 1 Unix. It is among the few original Unix system calls to change, with Version 4's addition of group permissions and larger file size.

Since at least 2004, the same-named shell command stat has been available for Linux to expose features of the system call via a command-line interface.
2025 Durham mayoral election
The 2025 Durham mayoral election was held on November 4, 2025, to elect the mayor of Durham, North Carolina for a two-year term. The nonpartisan blanket primary was held on October 7, with Anjanée Bell advancing to the general election alongside incumbent mayor Leonardo Williams, who was then re-elected.

Bill Bell (mayor)
William V. Bell is an American politician and engineer who served as the mayor of Durham, North Carolina.

Formerly a senior engineer for IBM, Bell was first elected to the Durham County Board of  Commissioners in 1972, where he served until 1994, and again from 1996 to 2000. He was the chairman of the Durham County Commissioners from 1982 to 1994. Bell was first elected mayor of Durham in 2001 and was subsequently re-elected seven more times.

Bell is currently Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of UDI Community Development Corp., a non-profit organization. He is a member of the Mayors Against Illegal Guns Coalition, a bi-partisan group with a stated goal of "making the public safer by getting illegal guns off the streets." The Coalition was co-founded by Boston Mayor Thomas Menino and New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg.
Der royter shtern (Lvov)
Der royter shtern (Yiddish: דער רויטער שטערנ, lit. ''The Red Star'') was a Yiddish language daily newspaper published in Lvov for a brief period in 1941. The first issue came out on June 1, 1941. Published daily, it was an organ of the Lvov District and City Committees of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine and the Lvov District Soviet of Workers Deputies. Copies were sold at 15 kopeks. Per Levin (1995) Hersfeld was the editor of the newspaper, and 'Gordon' or 'Gadon' the deputy editor.

The publication lasted for about three weeks, the newspaper stopped publishing at the onset of the German invasion of the Soviet Union.

Kopeck
The kopeck, also spelled kopek, is a coin or unit of currency used in Russia and several other countries. It is usually the smallest denomination within a currency system and is equal to 1⁄100 ruble.

The kopeck was introduced in 1535 as a result of the monetary reform of Elena Glinskaya, regent of Russia. It was historically used in the Tsardom of Russia, the Russian Empire, the Russian SFSR, and the Soviet Union.

As of 2026, it is the currency unit of Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine. The Russian kopeck is also used in the two breakaway states of Abkhazia and South Ossetia. Transnistria, another breakaway state, has its own kopeck. In the past, several other countries had currency units that were also named kopecks as a result of Russian influence.
Gen. Martin Kellogg House
The Gen. Martin Kellogg House, now more commonly known as the Kellog-Eddy House, is a historic house museum at 679 Willard Avenue in Newington, Connecticut.  Built about 1808, it is a well-preserved example of Federal period residential architecture, and it was home to two of Newington's leading citizens.  The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 1, 1987.

Historic house museum
A historic house museum is a house of historic significance that is preserved as a museum. Historic furnishings may be displayed in a way that reflects their original placement and usage in a home. Historic house museums are held to a variety of standards, including those of the International Council of Museums. Houses are transformed into museums for a number of different reasons. For example, the homes of famous writers are frequently turned into writer's home museums to support literary tourism.
Ó Ceallacháin
Ó Ceallacháin, primarily anglicised O'Callaghan as well as variants of Callihan, is an Irish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Pat O'Callaghan (1906–1991), Irish hammer-thrower

Seán Óg Ó Ceallacháin (1923–2013), journalist, author and broadcaster

Bill Callihan (1916–1986), American football player

Mike Callihan (b. 1947), Lieutenant Governor of Colorado

Seán Óg Ó Ceallacháin
Seán Óg Ó Ceallacháin (12 May 1923 – 17 February 2013) was a journalist, broadcaster and sportsman. He played Gaelic football and hurling for the Eoghan Ruadh club and also played for the Dublin county hurling team.
Tinaye Chigudu
Tinaye Chigudu (13 August 1942 – 5 February 2025) was a Zimbabwean politician. In 2008, he served as a Provincial Governor Minister for Manicaland Province of Zimbabwe, as well as a former member of parliament. He was a member of ZANU–PF.

ZANU–PF
The Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front (ZANU–PF) is a political organisation which has been the ruling party of Zimbabwe since independence in 1980. The party was led for many years by Robert Mugabe, first as prime minister with the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) and then as president from 1987 after the merger with the Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU) and retaining the name ZANU–PF.

At the 2008 parliamentary election, the ZANU–PF lost sole control of parliament for the first time in party history and brokered a difficult power-sharing deal with the Movement for Democratic Change – Tsvangirai (MDC). ZANU-PF then won the 2013 election, gaining a two-thirds majority. The party narrowly held their super-majority in the 2018 election.

On 19 November 2017, following a coup d'état, ZANU–PF removed Robert Mugabe as party leader, who resigned two days later, and appointed former Vice President Emmerson Mnangagwa in his place.
A Woman Scorned (radio serial)
A Woman Scorned is a 1951 Australian radio serial by Betty Roland. It was the inspiration for the television series Return to Eden.

The series consisted of thirteen one-hour episodes.

Roland was asked to write a 52-episode radio serial by Nell Sterling of George Edwards Productions.  The serial was to be aimed at the female listener. Roland decided to write something about a woman scorned. Roland wrote 40 episodes and says she had writer's block so Lorna Bingham wrote the remaining twelve. Roland then moved to London.

Return to Eden
Return to Eden is an Australian television drama series starring Rebecca Gilling, James Reyne, Wendy Hughes and James Smillie. It began as a three-part, six-hour mini-series shown on Network Ten on September 27–29, 1983. Gilling and Smillie reprised their roles, with Peta Toppano replacing Hughes, for a 22-part weekly series that began airing on 10 February 1986.

Return to Eden was created by Michael Laurence; it was an international success, particularly in Russia and France, where it has been shown 13 times.
Ancestral sequence reconstruction
Ancestral sequence reconstruction (ASR) – also known as ancestral gene/sequence reconstruction/resurrection – is a technique used in the study of molecular evolution. The method uses related sequences to reconstruct an "ancestral" gene from a multiple sequence alignment.

The method can be used to 'resurrect' ancestral proteins and was suggested in 1963 by Linus Pauling and Emile Zuckerkandl.  In the case of enzymes, this approach has been called paleoenzymology (British: palaeoenzymology). Some early efforts were made in the 1980s and 1990s, led by the laboratory of Steven A. Benner, showing the potential of this technique. Thanks to the improvement of algorithms and of better sequencing and synthesis techniques, the method was developed further in the early 2000s to allow the resurrection of a greater variety of and much more ancient genes. Over the last decade, ancestral protein resurrection has developed as a strategy to reveal the mechanisms and dynamics of protein evolution.

Emile Zuckerkandl
Émile Zuckerkandl (July 4, 1922 – November 9, 2013) was an Austrian-born French biologist considered one of the founders of the field of molecular evolution. He introduced, with Linus Pauling, the concept of the "molecular clock", which enabled the neutral theory of molecular evolution.
2008–09 Maltese FA Trophy
The 2008–09 Maltese FA Trophy was the 71st season since its establishment. It features 20 teams from Maltese Premier League and First Division. The competition started on 25 October 2008 and ended on 30 May 2009 with the Final.

Birkirkara were the defending champions, but were eliminated in the semi-finals by Valletta.

Marsaxlokk F.C.
Marsaxlokk Football Club is a Maltese professional football club from the town of Marsaxlokk, which currently plays in the BOV Premier League. The club was founded in 1949. Marsaxlokk won the Maltese Premier League title for the first time in their history, after finishing as league champions for the 2006–07 season. Marsaxlokk has its headquarters at Triq il-Kavalleriza, Mxlokk redoubt.
Manfred Siebald
Manfred Siebald (born 26 October 1948 at Alheim-Baumbach) is a German singer-songwriter and lecturer in American studies in Mainz.

Siebald is best known as a Christian singer-songwriter, who writes and speaks on contemporary worship music. His songs of the genre Neues Geistliches Lied (NGL) have gained a firm place in the songbooks of many different Christian denominations and are sung in fellowships and youth groups throughout Germany.

Contemporary worship music
Contemporary worship music (CWM), also known as praise and worship music, is a distinct genre of Christian music used in contemporary worship. It has evolved over the past 60 years and is stylistically similar to pop music. The songs are often referred to as "praise songs" or "worship songs" and are typically led by a "worship band" or "praise team," with either a guitarist or pianist serving as the lead. It has become a common genre of music performed in many churches, particularly in charismatic or non-denominational Protestant churches, with some Catholic congregations also incorporating it into the Mass.
Syria at the 2021 Islamic Solidarity Games
Syria participated in the 2021 Islamic Solidarity Games held in Konya, Turkey from 9 to 18 August 2022.

The games had been rescheduled several times. In May 2021, the ISSF postponed the event to August 2022 citing the COVID-19 pandemic situation in the participating countries.

Konya
Konya is a major city in central Turkey, on the southwestern edge of the Central Anatolian Plateau, and is the capital of Konya Province. During antiquity and into Seljuk times it was known as Iconium.  In 19th-century accounts of the city in English its name is usually spelt Konia or Koniah. In the late medieval period, Konya was the capital of the Seljuk Turks' Sultanate of Rum, from where the sultans ruled over Anatolia.

As of 2024, the population of the Metropolitan Province was 2,330,024. 1,433,861 live in the three urban districts (Karatay, Selcuklu, Meram), making it the sixth most populous city in Turkey, and second most populous of the Central Anatolia Region, after Ankara. City has Konya is served by TCDD high-speed train (YHT) services from Istanbul, Ankara and Karaman. The local airport (Konya Havalimanı, KYA) is served by frequent flights from Istanbul whereas flights to and from İzmir are offered few times a week.
Harry Livingston French
Harry Livingston French (November 21, 1871 – January 16, 1928) was an American architect based in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. He designed in a variety of styles, including classical architecture and Gothic revival. His built works included numerous banks, schools, and armories.

Harveys Lake, Pennsylvania
Harveys Lake is a borough in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is part of the Back Mountain, a 118 square miles (310 km2) region in northern Luzerne County.

The borough is named after the lake, its principal feature, which in turn was named after Benjamin Harvey, a local settler. Harvey was a member of the Sons of Liberty, an eminent colonial-era group that fought against Great Britain's Stamp Act of 1765.

As of the 2020 census, the population of the borough of Harveys Lake was 2,786.
Gavin Bailey
Gavin Bailey (born 1995) is an Irish hurler who plays for Wexford Championship club Ferns St Aidan's and at inter-county level with the Wexford senior hurling team. He usually plays as a right wing-back.

Wexford Senior Hurling Championship
The Wexford Senior Hurling Championship (known for sponsorship reasons as the Pettitt's SuperValu Senior Hurling Championship) is an annual hurling competition contested by top-tier Wexford GAA clubs. The Wexford County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association has organised it since 1889.

St Martin's are the title holders after defeating Rathnure by 2-14 to 0–16 in the final.
Khambrangchak
Khambrangchak (Meitei: ꯈꯝꯕ꯭ꯔꯥꯡꯆꯥꯛ) is a bird species frequently mentioned in Meitei mythology, folklore of Ancient Kangleipak (early Manipur).

The folktale of Lady Khambrangchak shows a series of mishaps she causes while preparing to visit her family of birth. She is later forgiven by the judging king, declaring it as a nature of women to be emotional during such preparation.

Khambrangchak is often known as "Khambrangchak Pidonnu" (Meitei: ꯈꯝꯕ꯭ꯔꯥꯡꯆꯥꯛ ꯄꯤꯗꯣꯟꯅꯨ) or "Khambrangchak Tonsenu" (Meitei: ꯈꯝꯕ꯭ꯔꯥꯡꯆꯥꯛ ꯇꯣꯟꯁꯦꯅꯨ).

Oral literature
Oral literature, orature, or folk literature is a genre of literature that is spoken or sung in contrast to that which is written, though much oral literature has been transcribed. There is no standard definition, as anthropologists have used varying descriptions for oral literature or folk literature. A broad conceptualization refers to it as literature characterized by oral transmission and the absence of any fixed form. It includes the stories, legends, and history passed through generations in a spoken form.
Monbetsu
Monbetsu is the Japanese name of several places in Hokkaidō, Japan. It originates from the Ainu word mo-pet, meaning quiet river.

In Okhotsk Subprefecture:
Monbetsu, Hokkaidō (紋別市), a city
Monbetsu District, Hokkaidō (紋別郡), a district

Monbetsu, Hokkaidō (Hidaka) (門別町), a former town in Hidaka Subprefecture now part of the town Hidaka, Hokkaidō

Monbetsu, Hokkaido (Hidaka)
Monbetsu (門別町, Monbetsu-chō) was a town located in Saru District, Hidaka Subprefecture, Hokkaido, Japan.

On March 1, 2006, Monbetsu was merged into the expanded town of Hidaka.

As of 2004, the town had an estimated population of 12,836 and a density of 29.94 persons per km2. The total area was 428.73 km2.
2015–16 Mascom Top 8 Cup
The 2015–16 Mascom Top 8 Cup, also known as the Mascom Top 8 Season 5,  was the fifth edition of the Mascom Top 8 Cup. It was played from 29 October 2015 to 23 April 2016 by the top eight teams from the 2014-15 Botswana Premier League. It was won by Orapa United.

Gaborone United were the defending champions but were eliminated by BDF XI in the quarterfinals. Orapa United went on to win the tournament, making them the first ever northern team to win the Mascom Top 8 Cup.

Gaborone United S.C.
Gaborone United Sporting Club (GU) is a football club from Botswana based in Gaborone. Its official sponsor is Bank Gaborone, who signed a three-year deal at the beginning of the 2022–23 season. Gaborone United play their home games at Gaborone United Stadium.
BYG
BYG can refer to:

Bang Yong Guk, acronym and stage name of the South Korean rapper.

Beyond Gaming, a Taiwanese former professional League of Legends team

BYG Records, French record label

BYG•DTU, the Department of Civil Engineering at the Technical University of Denmark.

BYG Records
BYG Records was a French record label known for the Actuel series specializing in free jazz. However, the label released a handful of non-jazz recordings by artists such as Musica Elettronica Viva, Terry Riley, Freedom and Gong.
Port of Galați
The Port of Galați is the largest port and sea port on the Danube River and the second largest Romanian port. Located in the city of Galați, the port is an important source of revenue for the city because many large international companies have established there.

The shipbuilding industry is a key activity of the port and Dutch company Damen Group, which owns the Galați shipyard, is the most important enterprise established there.

The port is used by the Mittal Steel Company as its transport hub for exporting and importing cargo from and for Mittal Steel Galați, the largest Romanian steel producer.

Mittal Steel Company
Mittal Steel Company N.V., incorporated in the Netherlands and headquartered in the United Kingdom, was a steel producer. In 2006, it produced 110.5 million tonnes of steel and had annual production capacity of 138 million tons of steel. In August 2006, it acquired Arcelor to form ArcelorMittal.

The company was named Ispat International N.V. until a merger with LNM Holdings N.V. in 2004.

As of 2006, the company was 44.79% owned by Lakshmi Mittal and his family and 54.74% of the company was publicly traded.