hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Solar variability
Solar variability refers to changes in solar activity, such as:

Solar variation, the change in the amount of radiation emitted by the Sun (see Solar radiation)
see also solar cycle, specifically for the 11-year cyclic variation in solar activity

Changes in the solar wind, i.e., charged particles (moving much slower than the speed of light)

Solar phenomena
Solar phenomena are natural phenomena which occur within the atmosphere of the Sun. They take many forms, including solar wind, radio wave flux, solar flares, coronal mass ejections, coronal heating and sunspots.

These phenomena are believed to be generated by a helical dynamo, located near the center of the Sun's mass, which generates strong magnetic fields, as well as a chaotic dynamo, located near the surface, which generates smaller magnetic field fluctuations. All solar fluctuations together are referred to as solar variation, producing space weather within the Sun's gravitational field.

Solar activity and related events have been recorded since the eighth century BCE. Throughout history, observation technology and methodology advanced, and in the 20th century, interest in astrophysics surged and many solar telescopes were constructed. The 1931 invention of the coronagraph allowed the corona to be studied in full daylight.
Omicron Hydrae
Omicron Hydrae (ο Hya) is the Bayer designation for a solitary star in the equatorial constellation Hydra. At one time it bore the Flamsteed designation 25 Crateris, but this is no longer used by astronomers so as to avoid confusion. With an apparent visual magnitude of 4.70, this star is visible to the naked eye. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 7.27 mas, it is located around 449 light years from the Sun.

This is a B-type main sequence star with a stellar classification of B9 V. It has completed an estimated 98.4%±1.1% of its lifetime on the main sequence. With 3.56 times the mass of the Sun, it radiates 309 times the Sun's luminosity from its outer atmosphere at an effective temperature of 10,495 K. The rate of spin is relatively high, with a projected rotational velocity of 160 km/s.

Bayer designation
A Bayer designation is a stellar designation in which a specific star is identified by a Greek or Latin letter followed by the genitive form of its parent constellation's Latin name. The original list of Bayer designations contained 1564 stars. The brighter stars were assigned their first systematic names by the German astronomer Johann Bayer in 1603, in his star atlas Uranometria. Bayer catalogued only a few stars too far south to be seen from Germany, but later astronomers (including Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille and Benjamin Apthorp Gould) supplemented Bayer's catalog with entries for southern constellations.
2010 Ohio State Treasurer election
The 2010 Ohio State Treasurer election was held on November 2, 2010, to elect the Ohio State Treasurer, concurrently with elections to the United States Senate, U.S. House of Representatives, governor, and other state and local elections. Primary elections were held on May 4, 2010.

Incumbent Democratic treasurer Richard Cordray resigned as state treasurer following his election as the Ohio Attorney General in a 2008 special election. Governor Ted Strickland appointed Columbus City Council member Kevin Boyce to serve as state treasurer.

Republican state representative Josh Mandel defeated Boyce in the general election. Mandel led in fundraising throughout much of the campaign.

2010 United States Senate election in Ohio
The 2010 United States Senate election in Ohio was held on November 2, 2010, as one of many Ohio elections in 2010. Incumbent two-term Republican U.S. Senator George Voinovich decided to retire instead of seeking a third term. Former Representative Republican Rob Portman won the open seat.

This was one of the five Republican-held Senate seats up for election in a state that Barack Obama won in the 2008 presidential election.
Kalnirnay
Kalnirnay (lit. 'timely decision') is a calmanac (Calendar + Almanac) published in India. The almanac gives information about the Panchang, auspicious days, festivals, holidays, sunrise and sunset. It has recipes, stories on health and education, monthly Bhavishya and articles on Hindu astrology.

Almanac
An almanac (also spelled almanack and almanach) is a regularly published listing of a set of current information about one or multiple subjects. It includes information like weather forecasts, farmers' planting dates, tide tables, and other tabular data often arranged according to the calendar. Celestial figures and various statistics are found in almanacs, such as the rising and setting times of the Sun and Moon, dates of eclipses, hours of high and low tides, and religious festivals. The set of events noted in an almanac may be tailored for a specific group of readers, such as farmers, sailors, or astronomers.
Counterparts (Rush album)
Counterparts is the fifteenth studio album by Canadian rock band Rush, released October 18, 1993, in the UK and October 19 worldwide, through Anthem Records. After the band finished touring its previous album Roll the Bones (1991) in mid-1992, the members took a break before starting work on a follow-up.

Counterparts reached No. 2 in the United States, one of the band's two highest-charting albums in the country, and No. 6 in Canada. The first single, "Stick It Out", was No. 1 on the Billboard Album Rock Tracks chart for four weeks. In 1994, the instrumental "Leave That Thing Alone" was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Rock Instrumental Performance. Counterparts was remastered in 2004 and reissued in 2013 as part of The Studio Albums 1989–2007 box set. In 2015 it was reissued after being remastered by Sean Magee at Abbey Road Studios following a direct approach by Rush to remaster their entire back catalogue.

Kevin Shirley
Kevin Shirley (born 1960), also known as The Caveman, is a South African music producer, engineer, audio mixer, and musician. He has produced music for many artists, including Silverchair,  Iron Maiden, Led Zeppelin, The Hoodoo Gurus, The Angels, and Cold Chisel. As of 2023 he is a musician in Jimmy Barnes' supergroup, releasing a self-titled album in 2023.
Abdel Wahab el-Beshry
Abdel Wahab el-Beshry was a Minister of  Defence of Egypt during the period Gamal Abdel Nasser was president.  He was among the leading figures in Egypt during the 1960s.

He served as Defence Minister until 10 September 1966 when he was replaced by Shams Badran.

He also had command of the Egyptian Armed Forces for two terms, one of which was after Abdel Hakim Amer's death.

Abdel Hakim Amer
Mohamed Abdel Hakim Amer (Arabic: محمد عبد الحكيم عامر, IPA: [mæˈħæmmæd ʕæbdelħæˈkiːm ˈʕæːmeɾ]; 11 December 1919 – 13 September 1967), better known as Abdel Hakim Amer, was an Egyptian military officer and politician. Amer served in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and played a leading role in the military coup that overthrew King Farouk in 1952.  After leading Egyptian forces in the 1956 Suez war, he was appointed Minister for Defense by President Gamal Abdel Nasser and was Egyptian Vice President between 1958 and 1965.
People's Armed Forces
The People's Armed Forces (Forces Armées Populaires or FAP) was a Chadian insurgent group composed of followers of Goukouni Oueddei after the schism with Hissène Habré in 1976. With an ethnic base in the Teda clan of the Toubou from the Tibesti area of northern Chad, the force was armed by Libya and formed the largest component of the Transitional Government of National Unity (GUNT) coalition army opposing Habré. FAP troops rebelled against their Libyan allies in the latter part of 1986. Many of them were subsequently integrated into the national army, the Chadian National Armed Forces (FANT), and participated in the 1987 attempt to drive Libya out of Chadian territory.

Chadian National Armed Forces
The Chadian National Armed Forces (French: Forces Armées Nationales Tchadiennes, FANT) was the army of the central government of Chad from January 1983, when the President Hissène Habré's forces, in first place his personal Armed Forces of the North (FAN), were merged. Consisting of about 10,000 soldiers at that time, it swelled with the assimilation of former Chadian Armed Forces (FAT) and codos rebels from the south and, in 1986, with the addition of Transitional Government of National Unity (GUNT) soldiers who had turned against their Libyan allies. Freshly outfitted by France and the United States, FANT drove Libyan troops from their bases in northern Chad in a series of victories in 1987, during the Toyota War; but it dissolved defeated by the Patriotic Salvation Movement (MPS) led by Idriss Déby, who conquered the capital N'Djamena on December 2, 1990.
Yeshivat Birkat Moshe
Yeshivat Birkat Moshe is a hesder yeshiva located in the Mitzpeh Nevo neighborhood of the Israeli settlement, Ma'ale Adumim. It was founded in 1977 by Haim Sabato and Yitzchak Sheilat, then two young rabbis from Yeshivat HaKotel, in Jerusalem.

For the first nine years since its inception it was situated in temporary structures the Maale Adumim's industrial zone Mishor Adumim, before moving to its current campus and location in Mitzpeh Nevo. Due to the founder rabbis' young age at the time, they refused the title rosh yeshiva and in 1983, they were joined by Nahum Rabinovich, who acted as the rosh yeshiva until his death in 2020.

The yeshiva has a wide range of students due to its wide range of rabbis from within the Religious Zionist community and its wide curriculum in Jewish studies: Tanakh and philosophy as well as Gemara.

Today the Yeshiva has approximately 300 students and 2,000 alumni.

Hesder
Hesder (Hebrew: הסדר "arrangement"; also Yeshivat Hesder ישיבת הסדר‎) is an Israeli yeshiva program which combines advanced Talmudic studies with military service in the Israel Defense Forces, usually within a Religious Zionist framework. The program allows Orthodox Jewish men to serve in the Israeli military while still engaging in Torah study.
Piper salicinum
Piper salicinum (no known common name) is a plant in the Piperaceae family that is possibly endemic to the Mariana Islands (Guam), although there is some confusion in the literature as to whether it may have been collected from Mexico and Panama.  It has not been observed since its initial collection in 1792.

Philipp Maximilian Opiz
Philipp (Filip) Maximilian Opiz (5 June 1787 in Čáslav – 20 May 1858 in Prague) was a Czech-German forester and botanist. He made contributions to European botany during the early 19th century. Showing an early interest in botany from childhood, he produced floristic writings and established connections with prominent botanists while working as a government official in various Bohemian towns. Opiz founded the influential "Pflanzentauschanstalt" (plant exchange institution) in Prague in 1819, established a cryptogamic herbarium, edited the botanical journal "Naturalientausch" (1826–1828), and created numerous sets of exsiccatae (dried herbarium specimens) for distribution.
Port Huron and Detroit Railroad
Port Huron & Detroit Railroad Company was incorporated on September 1, 1917, in the State of Michigan, United States of America, to own and operate 14 miles (23 km) of railroad track along the Saint Clair River from Port Huron, Michigan, to Marine City, Michigan. It remained in business until it was sold to the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway (then part of Chessie System) in December 1984. Most of its original trackage is still being operated today by CSX Transportation Co. with whom Chesapeake and Ohio Railway merged into on September 2, 1987.

Port Huron, Michigan
Port Huron is a city in and the county seat of St. Clair County, Michigan, United States. The population was 28,983 at the 2020 census. The city is bordered on the west by Port Huron Township, but the two are administered autonomously. The city is the largest in The Thumb area of Michigan, and principal community in the Blue Water Area, more recently rebranded as Michigan's Thumb Coast, for tourism purposes..

Port Huron is located along the source of the St. Clair River at the southern end of Lake Huron. The city is along the Canada–United States border and directly across the river from Sarnia, Ontario. The two cities are connected by the Blue Water Bridge at the eastern terminus of Interstate 69/Interstate 94. Port Huron has the easternmost point of land in the state of Michigan and is also one of the northernmost areas included in the Detroit–Warren–Dearborn Metropolitan Statistical Area (Metro Detroit).
Branscomb Peak
Branscomb Peak is a small snowy prominence of elevation 4,520 metres (14,830 ft), the highest point of the ridge that forms the top of the main west face of Vinson Massif in the Sentinel Range of the Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica. It overlooks Jacobsen Valley to the northeast, Goodge Col to the north-northeast, the upper section of Branscomb Glacier to the west, and Roché Glacier to the south.

The peak was named by US-ACAN in 2006 in association with adjacent Branscomb Glacier.

Ellsworth Mountains
The Ellsworth Mountains are the highest mountain ranges in Antarctica, forming a 350 km (217 mi) long and 48 km (30 mi) wide chain of mountains in a north to south configuration on the western margin of the Ronne Ice Shelf in Marie Byrd Land. They are bisected by Minnesota Glacier to form the Sentinel Range to the north and the Heritage Range to the south. The former is by far the higher and more spectacular with Mount Vinson (4,892 meters (16,050 ft)) constituting the highest point on the continent. The mountains are located within the Chilean Antarctic territorial claim but outside of the Argentinian and British ones.
Salvatore Cascio
Salvatore Cascio (born 8 November 1979) is an Italian actor. His most famous performance was in Cinema Paradiso (1988), for which he received critical acclaim and a BAFTA Award. He has retinitis pigmentosa.

BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role
Best Actor in a Supporting Role is a British Academy Film Award presented annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) to recognise an actor who has delivered an outstanding supporting performance in a film.

The British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA), is a British organisation that hosts annual awards shows for film, television, children's film and television, and interactive media. Since 1968, selected actors have been awarded with the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role at an annual ceremony.

In the following lists, the titles and names in bold with a gold background are the winners and recipients respectively; those not in bold are the nominees. The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released, not the year of the ceremony, which always takes place the following year.
CCL Industries
CCL Industries, Inc., is an American-Canadian company founded in 1951.  It describes itself as the world's largest label maker.  It is listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange, and is an S&P/TSX 60 Component.  CCL consists of five divisions – CCL Label, CCL Container, Avery, Checkpoint, and Innovia.  It has 154 manufacturing facilities in North America, Latin America, Europe, Asia, Australia and Africa operated by approximately 20,000 employees.

Toronto Stock Exchange
The Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX; French: Bourse de Toronto) is a stock exchange located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is the 10th largest exchange in the world and the third largest in North America by market capitalization. Based in the EY Tower in Toronto's Financial District, the TSX is a wholly owned subsidiary of the TMX Group for the trading of senior equities.
Fissure of the nipple
Fissure of the nipple, colloquially referred to as jogger's nipple, is a condition that is the result of chafing of one or both nipples. This can occur in both men and women during physical exercise such as long-distance running where there is prolonged friction between the nipple and clothing. The issue is also commonly seen in surfers who do not wear rash guards or wetsuits.

Chafing (skin)
Chafing is an irritation or superficial abrasion of skin caused by friction, moisture or irritating fabric. Prolonged rubbing on the skin may result in skin sting or burn, and development of a mild, red rash or boils; and in severe cases may include swelling, bleeding, or crusting. It often results from body parts that rub against each other or against clothing. It commonly occurs on the inner thighs and buttocks, and nipples, groin, feet, and armpits can also chafe, although there it is less common. Severe chafing is known as friction burn.
Cité de la Dentelle et de la Mode
The Cité de la Dentelle et de la Mode is a museum of lace in Pas-de-Calais in northern France. It is one of two museums in France to celebrate machine lace making. The museum is an Anchor point on the European Route of Industrial Heritage. Cité de la Dentelle et de la Mode is a museum of both fashion and industry, its vast galleries present the techniques, the lingerie, and haute couture associated with this prestigious textile, as well as its most contemporary aspects. Derived from a technique invented in England in the nineteenth century, today lace woven on Leavers looms is primarily produced in Northern France. The Museum for Lace and Fashion is a focal hub for fashion. In its exhibition gallery, it showcases great couturiers and renowned young designers alike (Cristóbal Balenciaga, Anne Valérie Harsh, Iris Van Herpen, Hubert de Givenchy, On Aura Tout Vu, Yves Saint Laurent.)

European Route of Industrial Heritage
The European Route of Industrial Heritage (ERIH) is a tourist route of the most important industrial heritage sites in Europe. This is a tourism industry information initiative to present a network of industrial heritage sites across Europe. The aim of the project is to create interest for the common European heritage of the Industrialisation and its legacy. ERIH also wants to promote regions, towns and sites showing the industrial history and market them as visitor attractions in the leisure and tourism industry.
2020 Royal Challengers Bangalore season
The 2020 season was the 13th season for the IPL cricket franchise Royal Challengers Bangalore. They were one of the eight teams to compete in the tournament.

On 14 February RCB revealed their new logo for the team which features a lion. On 2 November 2020, they qualified for the playoffs for the first time since 2016. However, they lost against Sunrisers Hyderabad in the Eliminator, finishing the tournament in 4th place.

Royal Challengers Bengaluru
Royal Challengers Bengaluru, formerly Royal Challengers Bangalore, also known as RCB, are a professional Twenty20 cricket team based in Bengaluru, Karnataka, that competes in the Indian Premier League (IPL). Founded in 2008 by United Spirits, the team's home ground is M. Chinnaswamy Stadium. They won their first title in 2025. The team finished as the runners-up on three occasions: in 2009, 2011, and 2016. They have also qualified for the playoffs in ten of the eighteen seasons.

As of 2025, the team is captained by Rajat Patidar and coached by Andy Flower. The franchise has competed in the Champions League, finishing as runners-up in the 2011 season. As of 2024, RCB was valued at $117 million, making it one of the most valuable franchises.
Geograph Britain and Ireland
Geograph Britain and Ireland is a web-based project, begun in March 2005, to create a freely accessible archive of geographically located photographs of Great Britain and Ireland. Photographs in the Geograph collection are chosen to illustrate significant or typical features of each 1 km × 1 km (100 ha) grid square in the Ordnance Survey National Grid and the Irish national grid reference system. There are 332,216 such grid squares containing at least some land or permanent structure (at low tide), of which 281,131 have Geographs.

Geographs are being collected for all parts of Great Britain, Isle of Man and Ireland. The Channel Islands fall outside Britain's grid system, but may be geographed using their local UTM grid.

The project is sponsored by the Ordnance Survey, and extracts from the OS Landranger 1:50,000 scale maps illustrate the grid square pages. Geograph Project Limited is a charity registered in England and Wales, and the name Geograph is trademarked.

Benchmarking (hobby)
Benchmarking, also known as benchmark hunting, is a hobby activity in which participants find benchmarks (also known as survey markers or geodetic control points). The term "benchmark" is used only to refer to survey markers that designate a certain elevation, but hobbyists often use the term benchmarks to include triangulation stations or other reference marks. Like geocaching, the activity has become popular since 1995, propelled by the availability of online data on the location of survey marks (with directions for finding them) and by the rise of hobbyist-oriented websites.

In 2022 Geocaching HQ informed that they will remove Benchmarking from the Geocaching.com website.
2022 Spielberg Formula 3 round
The 2022 Spielberg Formula 3 round was a motor racing event held on 9 and 10 July 2022 at the Red Bull Ring, Spielberg, Austria. It was the fifth round of the 2022 FIA Formula 3 Championship, and was held in support of the 2022 Austrian Grand Prix.

2022 FIA Formula 3 Championship
The 2022 FIA Formula 3 Championship was a motor racing championship for Formula 3 cars that was sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA). The championship was the thirteenth season of Formula 3 racing and the fourth season run under the FIA Formula 3 Championship moniker. It was an open-wheel racing category that served as the third tier of formula racing in the FIA Global Pathway. The category was run in support of selected rounds of the 2022 FIA Formula One World Championship.

Trident entered the championship as the reigning teams' champion, having secured their title at the last race of the 2021 season. In 2022 however, they were bested by Prema Racing, who won their third teams' championship.

Victor Martins, driving for ART Grand Prix, won the drivers' championship, ahead of Zane Maloney (Trident) and Oliver Bearman (Prema).
Sam Thorpe
Samuel Thorpe (3 March 1919 – 1 November 2005), known as Wilkie Thorpe, was an Irish Gaelic footballer and hurler. At club level, he played with Slaney Harriers, Starlights and St Aidan's Enniscorthy and at inter-county level was a dual player with Wexford.

1937 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship
The 1937 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship was the ninth staging of the All-Ireland Minor Football Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier inter-county Gaelic football tournament for boys under the age of 18.

Louth entered the championship as defending champions, however, they were defeated in the Leinster Championship.

Cavan won the championship following a 1-11 to 1-5 defeat of Wexford in the All-Ireland final. This was their first All-Ireland title.
War for the Oaks
War for the Oaks (1987) is a fantasy novel by American writer Emma Bull.  The book tells the story of Eddi McCandry, a rock musician who finds herself unwillingly pulled into the supernatural faerie conflict between good and evil. War for the Oaks is one of the first works in the subgenre of urban fantasy: although it involves supernatural characters, the setting (Minneapolis) is decidedly real-world. The novel is considered one of the first examples of the subgenre known as romantasy.

Seelie
Seelie (or Seely) is from the Scots term seelie meaning "happy", "lucky" or "blessed" applied to fairy beings in Scottish folklore in phrases such as  seely wights or The Seelie Court. Despite their name, the seelie folk of legend could be morally ambivalent and dangerous. Calling them "seelie," similar to names such as "good neighbors," may have been a euphemism to ward off their anger. The seelie court is composed of a lot of fairies that have shown non-malevolent tendencies, and a lot of them showed friendliness to humans--as evident in Scottish folklore. In folklore, a lot of fairies of seelie court have helped humans that they like.