hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Attack on Riga (1941)
The 1941 attack on Riga was an offensive operation by the armed forces of Nazi Germany during the German occupation of Latvia in 1941, taking place from June 29 to July 1. During the attack, a large part of Old Riga was destroyed.

German occupation of Latvia during World War II
The military occupation of Latvia by Nazi Germany was completed on 10 July 1941, by Germany's armed forces. Initially, the territory of Latvia was under the military administration of Army Group North, but on 25 July 1941, Latvia was incorporated as Generalbezirk Lettland, subordinated to Reichskommissariat Ostland, an administrative subdivision of Nazi Germany. Anyone not racially acceptable or who opposed the German occupation, as well as those who had cooperated with the Soviet Union, was killed or sent to concentration camps in accordance with the Nazi Generalplan Ost.: 56
Rosa Louise Woodberry
Rosa Louise Woodberry (March 11, 1869 – July 17, 1932) was an American journalist, educator, and stenographer. She was  the founder and principal of Woodberry Hall, and the first woman to attend the University of Georgia. Her articles and sketches, usually of a philosophic and scientific bent, were frequently seen and quoted in journals North and South. She did a great deal of journalistic work for Georgia dailies, and was for two or three years on the staff of The Augusta Chronicle, and during her vacations at home in the summer, was on the staff of the Savannah Press.

The Augusta Chronicle
The Augusta Chronicle is the daily newspaper of Augusta, Georgia, and is one of the oldest newspapers in the United States still in publication. The paper is known for its coverage of the Masters Tournament, which is played in Augusta.
Academia Panameña de la Lengua
The Academia Panameña de la Lengua (Spanish for Panamanian Academy of Language) is an association of academics and experts on the use of the Spanish language in Panama.
It was founded in Panama City on August 9, 1926. 
Both former presidents Ricardo Joaquín Alfaro Jované and Ernesto de la Guardia were members of the academy.
It is a member of the Association of Spanish Language Academies.

Arístides Royo
Arístides Royo Sánchez (born August 14, 1940) is a Panamanian politician who was 23rd President of Panama from October 11, 1978 to July 31, 1982, when he was pressured to resign by the military. He served as Minister of Canal Affairs until 2024.
Bill Haubrich
Fredrick William Haubrich (September 9, 1928 – October 2, 2021) was an American coach and administrator who was the head coach of the New Hampshire Wildcats men's basketball team from 1966 to 1969 and athletic director of the Concord School District from 1969 to 1985.

New Hampshire Wildcats men's basketball
The New Hampshire Wildcats Basketball team is the basketball team that represent the University of New Hampshire in Durham, New Hampshire. The school's team currently competes in the America East Conference and plays its home games at Lundholm Gym. They are one of just two schools in the state of New Hampshire to compete in NCAA Division I for basketball. The Wildcats are one of 45 Division I programs to have never appeared in the NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament. They are currently coached by Nathan Davis. They have never sent a player into the National Basketball Association.
Denchevtsi
Denchevtsi is a village in Dryanovo Municipality, in Gabrovo Province, in northern central Bulgaria. It is around 4 km north west of the town of Dryanovo, and around 15 km south west of Veliko Tarnovo.

Dryanovo Municipality
Dryanovo (or Drjanovo) Municipality (Bulgarian: Община Дряново) is a municipality (obshtina) in Gabrovo Province, North-central Bulgaria, located in the area of the so-called Fore-Balkan between Stara planina mountain and the Danubian Plain. It is named after its administrative centre - the town of Dryanovo.

The municipality embraces a territory of 248.5 km2 (95.9 sq mi) with a population of 9,587 inhabitants, as of December 2011.

The area is best known with the Dryanovo Monastery, situated close to the main town, and Bacho Kiro Cave.
2022 Tallinn Open
The 2022 Tallinn Open event was a professional women's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts at the Forus Tennis Centre and held between 26 September and 2 October 2022. It was the first tournament in the Women's Tennis Association (WTA)'s history to be held in Tallinn, Estonia and was organized as a WTA 250 event on the 2022 WTA Tour.

The event was held for the first time, however, it was one of the six tournaments that were given single-year WTA 250 licenses in September and October 2022 due to the cancellation of tournaments in China during the 2022 season because of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the suspension of tournaments in China following former WTA player Peng Shuai's allegation of sexual assault against a Chinese government official.

Maileen Nuudi
Maileen Nuudi (born 24 May 2000) is an Estonian tennis player.

Playing for the Estonia Billie Jean King Cup team, Nuudi has a win/loss record of 13–11, as of August 2024.

She made her WTA Tour debut as a wildcard entrant at the 2022 Tallinn Open, losing to second seed Donna Vekić in the first round.
LysM RNA motifs
lysM RNA motifs are conserved RNA structures that were discovered by bioinformatics.
Such bacterial motifs are defined by consistently being upstream of 'lysM' genes, which encode lysin protein domains, a conserved domain that participates in cell wall degradation.
lysM motif RNAs likely function as cis-regulatory elements, in view of their positions upstream of protein-coding genes, although this hypothesis is not certain.

Three lysM RNA motifs have been found.  lysM-Actino motif RNAs are found in Actinomycetales.
lysM-Prevotella motif RNAs are found in the genus Prevotella.
The lysM-TM7 RNA motif occurs only in the poorly understood phylum TM7.

A part of the lysM-Actino motif is likely the Shine-Dalgarno sequence of the downstream lysM gene.  Thus, these RNAs might regulate the downstream gene translationally.

Actinomycetales
The Actinomycetales is an order of Actinomycetota. A member of the order is often called an actinomycete. Actinomycetales are generally gram-positive and anaerobic and have mycelia in a filamentous and branching growth pattern. Some actinomycetes can form rod- or coccoid-shaped forms, while others can form spores on aerial hyphae. Actinomycetales bacteria can be infected by bacteriophages, which are called actinophages. Actinomycetales can range from harmless bacteria to pathogens with resistance to antibiotics.
Jarod Dodson
Jarod Dodson (born June 19, 1975) is an American college football coach. He is the associate head coach, offensive coordinator, and quarterbacks coach for Stetson University, a position he has held since 2025. He was the head football coach for Alfred State College from 2015 to 2017. He also coached for South Dakota, Michigan Tech, Buffalo, Old Dominion, South Dakota Mines, and St. Thomas (MN). He played college football for South Dakota as a defensive back.

South Dakota Mines Hardrockers football
The South Dakota Mines Hardrockers football program represents the South Dakota School of Mines and Technology (SDSM&T) in college football. In 2010, South Dakota Mines announced that it would end the school's affiliation with the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) to join the National Collegiate Athletic Association's Division II beginning with the 2011 season as a probationary member and becoming a full member in 2013.

The Hardrockers also went by the "Longhairs" early in their history. They have played football since 1895 with hiatuses taken in 1896–1899, 1907, 1915, and 1942–1945.
Black Prince Buses
Black Prince Buses was a bus company based in Morley, West Yorkshire. Founded in 1969 as a coach firm, it expanded into local bus operation following deregulation in 1986. Black Prince was taken over by FirstGroup in July 2005.

Morley, West Yorkshire
Morley is a market town and a civil parish within the City of Leeds metropolitan borough, in West Yorkshire, England. Morley is the largest town in the borough after Leeds itself. Morley forms part of the Heavy Woollen District.

It lies approximately 5 miles (8 km) south-west of Leeds city centre.  It was built on seven hills: Scatcherd Hill, Dawson Hill, Daisy Hill, Chapel Hill, Hunger Hill, Troy Hill and Banks Hill. In 2011, the town and civil parish had populations of 44,440 and 27,738 respectively. It includes the New Brighton area.

The town is split between the Morley North and Morley South wards (containing the town centre) of Leeds City Council, both making up part of the Leeds South West and Morley parliamentary constituency.
Marek Kanievska
Marek Kanievska (born 9 March 1948) is a British film director.
His films have won awards at the Cannes Film Festival and the Florence Film Festival.
His 2004 film A Different Loyalty was entered into the 26th Moscow International Film Festival.

Matlock Police
Matlock Police is an Australian television police drama series made by Crawford Productions for The 0-10 Network (now known as Network 10) between 1971 and 1976. The series focused on the police station and crime in the Victorian town of Matlock and the surrounding district, and the backgrounds and personal lives of the main policemen.
Susan DeMattei
Susan DeMattei (born October 15, 1962) is an American former professional cross-country mountain bike racer. She became the first American woman to win an Olympic medal in mountain biking when she won the bronze medal in the inaugural Olympic Cross-Country Mountain Biking competition at the 1996 Olympic Games in Atlanta, Georgia. DeMattei was inducted into the Mountain Bike Hall of Fame in 1997 and, into the United States Bicycling Hall of Fame in 2012.

Mountain biking
Mountain biking (abbr. MTB) is a sport of riding bicycles off-road, often over rough terrain, usually using specially designed mountain bikes. Mountain bikes share similarities with other bikes but incorporate features designed to enhance durability and performance in rough terrain, such as air or coil-sprung shocks used as suspension, larger and wider wheels and tires, stronger frame materials, and mechanically or hydraulically actuated disc brakes. Mountain biking can generally be broken down into distinct categories: cross country, trail, all mountain, enduro, downhill and freeride.
Monumento a la Mujer
Monumento a la Mujer is a bronze statue commemorating the contributions of the Puerto Rican women to the Puerto Rican society. It is located at the fork of Calle Marina and Calle Mayor Cantera, in Ponce, Puerto Rico, next to Parque Urbano Dora Colón Clavell, in Barrio Cuarto. It was unveiled in 2002. Its sculptor was Maria Elena Perales. The monument was the first and, at the time, the only one of its kind "in Puerto Rico and the Caribbean."

Parque Urbano Dora Colón Clavell
Parque Urbano Dora Colón Clavell (English: Dora Colón Clavell Urban Park) is a passive park in Ponce, Puerto Rico. The park is named after the mother of ex-governor of Puerto Rico and Ponce native, Rafael Hernández Colón. It opened on 9 December 1995. The park was designed by Ponce architect Juan Dalmau Sambolín.
Bartulis
Bartulis or Bārtulis is the masculine form of a Lithuanian and Latvian surname. Its feminine forms in Lithuanian are Bartulienė (married woman or widow) and Bartulytė (unmarried woman), but in Latvian Bārtule. Notable people with the surname include:

A. C. Bartulis (1927–2011), American politician and businessman

Eugenijus Bartulis (born 1949), bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Šiauliai

Vidmantas Bartulis (1954–2020), Lithuanian composer

Oskars Bārtulis (born 1987), Latvian ice hockey player

Roman Catholic Diocese of Šiauliai
Diocese of Šiauliai (Latin: Dioecesis Siauliensis) is a Roman Catholic Diocese of Lithuania. The current bishop is Darius Trijonis (since 2024). The diocese in present structure and territory was established on May 27, 1997.

The diocese covers an area of 7,696 km2 (2,971 sq mi), and is a suffragate of the Archdiocese of Kaunas. In 2004 the diocese of Šiauliai had about 269,861 believers (79.7% of the population), 65 priests and 67 parishes.

The Cathedral of Saints Peter and Paul in Šiauliai has been assigned as the Cathedral of the diocese. The main pilgrimage place is Hill of Crosses.
First Battle of Memphis
The First Battle of Memphis was a naval battle fought on the Mississippi River immediately north of the city of Memphis, Tennessee on June 6, 1862, during the American Civil War.  The engagement was witnessed by many of the citizens of Memphis. It resulted in a crushing defeat for the Confederate forces, and marked the virtual eradication of a Confederate naval presence on the river. Despite the lopsided outcome, the Union Army failed to grasp its strategic significance. Its primary historical importance is that it was the last time civilians with no prior military experience were permitted to command ships in combat. As such, it is a milestone in the development of professionalism in the United States Navy.

Professionalism
Professionalism is a set of standards that an individual is expected to adhere to in a workplace, usually in order to appear serious, uniform, and/or respectful. What constitutes professionalism is hotly debated and varies from workplace to workplace and between cultures. Professionalism is typically defined as a mix of professional ethics and dress code.
2009 Bangladesh Super Cup
The 2009 Bangladesh Super Cup also known as the  Citycell Bangladesh Super Cup for sponsorship reasons, was the inaugural edition of the Bangladesh Super Cup. The tournament was organized by the Bangladesh Football Federation and all games were held at the Bangabandhu National Stadium. The winners of the tournament received a prize money of Tk 1cr, earning the tournament the nickname the koti takar khela (Million dollar game).

Bangladeshi taka
The taka (Bengali: টাকা, IPA: [ˈʈa.kaˑ], sign: ৳, code: BDT, short form: Tk) is the currency of Bangladesh.

Issuance of banknotes ৳10 and larger is controlled by Bangladesh Bank, while the ৳2 and ৳5 govt. notes are the responsibility of the ministry of finance. The govt. notes of Tk. 2 and Tk.5 have mostly been replaced by coins while lower denomination coins (including all poysha coins) up to Tk. 1 have almost gone out of circulation due to inflation. The most commonly used symbol for the taka is "৳" and "Tk", used on receipts while purchasing goods and services. It is divided into 100 poysha, but poysha coins are no longer in circulation. The poysha is still used for accounting purposes (e.g., Tk 123,456.78 for 123,456 taka and 78 poysha).

On 8 May 2024, the central bank placed the taka in a crawling peg to the US dollar, with a rate of 117 takas per US dollar.
Nigloland
Nigloland is an amusement park in Dolancourt in the French county Aube.
It is one of the most visited parks in France after Disneyland Paris and Parc Astérix.

Nigloland was created by two brothers, Patrice and Philippe Gélis. The park opened June 1, 1987. The name "Nigloland" comes from its mascot, "Niglo", meaning hedgehog in Romani.

The park is divided into four areas: "The Canadian village", "The rock'n'roll village," "The magical village" and "The Swiss village".

Gerstlauer
48°18′36″N 10°26′59″E﻿ / ﻿48.31000°N 10.44972°E﻿ / 48.31000; 10.44972

Gerstlauer Amusement Rides GmbH is a German manufacturer of stationary and transportable amusement rides and roller coasters, located in Münsterhausen, Germany. As of May 2024, all 113 Gerstlauer-made rollercoasters are still in operation and at their original park, apart from Seifenkiste at Trampolino Familien- und Freizeitpark, which is currently in storage, and Pandemonium at Six Flags Discovery Kingdom, which now operates at Six Flags Mexico under the name of Joker.
Ministerial reform in the Russian Empire
Ministerial Reform was one of the reforms of public administration of the Russian Empire, carried out at the beginning of the 19th century under Emperor Alexander I. The first stage of the reform occurred in 1802–1803, the second stage was carried out in 1810–1811. As a result of the reform, the ministries replaced the archaic collegiums.

Permanent Council of the Russian Empire
The Permanent Council was the highest deliberative body of the Russian Empire, established on April 11, 1801 and abolished in 1810; predecessor of the State Council.

It consisted of twelve representatives of the titled nobility under the emperor Alexander I (representatives were Dmitry Troshchinsky, Pyotr Zavadovsky, Alexander Vorontsov, Platon Zubov and Valerian Zubov, and others), the chairman was Count Nikolai Saltykov.

The council could protest the actions and Ukases of the emperor. At the beginning of its activities, the Permanent Council considered a number of important issues and prepared several reforms, including a Decree on Free Ploughmen.

With the establishment of ministries and the Committee of Ministers in 1802, insignificant and intricate cases came to the consideration of the Permanent Council, and after the establishment of the State Council, the Permanent Council was finally abolished.
Acantholimon zaprjagaevii
Acantholimon zaprjagaevii is a species of flowering plant in the family Plumbaginaceae. The native range of this species is from Tajikistan to Afghanistan. It is a subshrub and grows primarily in the temperate biome and was discovered by Igor Lintchevski.

Species distribution
Species distribution, or species dispersion, is the manner in which a biological taxon is spatially arranged. The geographic limits of a particular taxon's distribution is its range, often represented as shaded areas on a map. Patterns of distribution change depending on the scale at which they are viewed, from the arrangement of individuals within a small family unit, to patterns within a population, or the distribution of the entire species as a whole (range). Species distribution is not to be confused with dispersal, which is the movement of individuals away from their region of origin or from a population center of high density.
Danmarks Nationalbank
Danmarks Nationalbank (in Danish often simply Nationalbanken) is the central bank of the Kingdom of Denmark. It is a non-eurozone member of the European System of Central Banks (ESCB). Since its establishment in 1818, the objective of the Nationalbank as an independent and credible institution is to issue the Danish currency, the krone, and ensure its stability. The Board of Governors holds full responsibility for the monetary policy.

Danmarks Nationalbank undertakes all functions related to the management of the Danish central-government debt. The division of responsibility is set out in an agreement between the Ministry of Finance of Denmark and Danmarks Nationalbank.

It is also a member of the European Systemic Risk Board (ESRB).

European Systemic Risk Board
The European Systemic Risk Board (ESRB) is a group established on 16 December 2010 in response to the euro area crisis. It is tasked with the macro-prudential oversight of the financial system within the European Union in order to contribute to the prevention or mitigation of systemic risks to financial stability in the EU. It shall contribute to the smooth functioning of the internal market and thereby ensure a sustainable contribution of the financial sector to economic growth.

The ESRB is a macro-prudential oversight body of the EU and it is part of the European System of Financial Supervision (ESFS), the purpose of which is to ensure the supervision of the EU's financial system. As a body lacking juridical personality, the ESRB relies on hosting and support by the European Central Bank. It includes representatives from the ECB, national central banks and supervisory authorities of EU member states, and the European Commission.
Alexander Dennis Enviro400 MMC
The Alexander Dennis Enviro400 MMC (sold as the Alexander Dennis Enviro400) is a low-floor double-decker bus produced by the British bus manufacturer Alexander Dennis since 2014, replacing the Alexander Dennis Enviro400. The Enviro400 MMC is produced at Alexander Dennis' Falkirk and Scarborough factories in the United Kingdom.

The Enviro400 MMC is available as a complete integral bus – including an alternative styling, the Enviro400 City – or as a bus bodywork on Scania and Volvo chassis. A tri-axle variant, known as the Enviro400 XLB, is also produced. The Enviro400 MMC is available powered by either Euro VI diesel, compressed natural gas (CNG), hybrid-electric or fully-electric powertrains.

Scarborough, North Yorkshire
Scarborough (/ˈskɑːbrə/) is a seaside town and civil parish in the district and ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England. With a population of 61,749, Scarborough is the largest town on the Yorkshire Coast and the fourth-largest settlement in the county.

located on the North Sea coast, and is on the Cleveland Way long distance footpath which follows the coast through the town. Historically in the North Riding of Yorkshire, the town lies between 10 and 230 feet (3–70 m) above sea level, from Scarborough Harbour rising steeply north and west towards limestone cliffs. The older part of the town lies around the harbour and is protected by a rocky headland that extends into the North Sea.

The town has fishing and service industries, including a growing digital and creative economy, and is a tourist destination. Residents of the town are known as Scarborians.
Baumea articulata
Baumea articulata, commonly known as jointed rush, is a sedge in the sedge family, Cyperaceae, that is native to Western Australia. The grass-like plant is rhizomatous and perennial, it typically grows to a height of 1 to 2.6 metres (3.3 to 8.5 ft). It blooms between September and December producing red-brown flowers on pendulous inflorescences.

It is found around swamps and on the margins of lakes along coastal areas in the Mid West, Wheatbelt, Peel, South West, Great Southern and Goldfields-Esperance where it grows in damp black sandy soils.

South West (Western Australia)
The South West region is one of the nine regions of Western Australia. It has an area of 23,970 square kilometres (9,250 sq mi), and a population of about 170,000 people. Bunbury is the main city in the region.
Ortona Mine and Battery
Ortona Mine and Battery is a heritage-listed mine at Forsayth-Agate Creek - Ortona (Iona) Station Road, Gilberton, Shire of Etheridge, Queensland, Australia. It was built from 1899 to 1908. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 25 August 2000.

Shire of Etheridge
The Shire of Etheridge is a local government area in Far North Queensland, Australia in what is known as the Savannah Gulf region. Its economy is based on cattle grazing and mining.

It covers an area of 39,199 square kilometres (15,134.8 sq mi), and has existed as a local government entity since 1882.

In the 2021 census, the Shire of Etheridge had a population of 714 people.
Blue Turns to Grey
"Blue Turns to Grey" is a song that was written by Mick Jagger and Keith Richards. The song first appeared in February 1965 when both Dick and Dee Dee and The Mighty Avengers released versions of it as singles. Another version was released shortly thereafter by Tracey Dey on Amy Records. On Dey's single, the label credits the song to "K. Richard-A. Oldham"—Oldham being the surname of the Rolling Stones' then-manager/producer Andrew Loog Oldham. It was released by The Rolling Stones on their 1965 US-only album December's Children (And Everybody's) later that year. On this album, "Blue Turns to Grey" as well as "The Singer Not the Song" features Brian Jones on a 12-string electric guitar and Keith on a 6-string. It did not see a UK release until the 1971 compilation album Stone Age.

When Cliff Richard and the Shadows released their version as a single in March 1966 it became a hit in a number of countries. In the UK it reached number 15.

Andrew Loog Oldham
Andrew Loog Oldham (born 29 January 1944) is an English record producer, talent manager, impresario and author. He was manager and producer of the Rolling Stones from 1963 to 1967, and was noted for his flamboyant style.