hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Coinage of Philip IV of France
The coinage of Philip IV of France (1268–1314, also known as "Philippe le Bel") marks the first mass diffusion of gold coinage in the Kingdom of France (before him, only his grandfather Saint Louis IX, had minted a few gold coins, the "Ecu"). Philip however had to resort extensively to monetary devaluations and reevaluations in order to finance his royal budget as well as his war efforts.

Florin
The Florentine florin was a gold coin (in Italian Fiorino d'oro) struck from 1252 to 1533 with no significant change in its design or metal content standard during that time.

It had 54 grains (3.499 grams, 0.1125 troy ounces) of nominally pure or 'fine' gold with a purchasing power difficult to estimate (and variable) but ranging according to social grouping and perspective from approximately 140 to 1,000 modern US dollars. The name of the coin comes from the Giglio bottonato (it), the floral emblem of the city, which is represented at the head of the coin.
Plantarum seu stirpium historia
'Plantarum seu stirpium historia' is an illustrated botanical text by the Flemish physician Lobelius (Matthias de l'Obel (1538–1616) and published in Antwerp in 1576. Later, he translated it into Flemish in 1581 with the title Kruydtboeck. This was l'Obel's second work, following publication of the Stirpium adversaria nova in London in 1570. This work was intended as a companion publication to his Stirpium adversaria nova, and incorporates a revised version of the latter, as Nova stirpium adversaria.

Flemish people
Flemish people or Flemings (Dutch: Vlamingen [ˈvlaːmɪŋə(n)] ⓘ; French: Flamands) are one of three Belgian main ethnic groups native to Flanders, Belgium, who speak Flemish Dutch. Flemish people make up the majority of Belgians, at about 60%.

Flemish was historically a geographical term, as all inhabitants of the medieval County of Flanders in modern-day Belgium, France and the Netherlands were referred to as "Flemings" irrespective of their ethnicity or language. The contemporary region of Flanders comprises a part of this historical county, as well as parts of the medieval Duchy of Brabant and the medieval County of Loon, where the modern national identity and culture gradually formed.
Emelie Garbers
Emelie Garbers (née Jonsson; born 1 September, 1982) is a Swedish actress.

Her role as the Mimarobe in the 2018 science fiction film Aniara garnered her a Guldbagge Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role at the 55th Guldbagge Awards in January 2020. Other film credits include the 2012 television movie Call Girl.  Her television credits include the drama Dejta on Sveriges Television. She appeared in the 2024 TV series End of Summer.

Garbers was educated at the Royal Swedish Ballet School and the Stockholm University of the Arts.

55th Guldbagge Awards
The 55th Guldbagge Awards ceremony, presented by the Swedish Film Institute, honoring the best Swedish films of 2019 and took place on 20 January 2020 at Cirkus in Stockholm. The ceremony was televised by SVT and comedian Emma Molin hosted the ceremony for the second year in a row. The nominees were announced on 8 January 2020.
Adriaan Nicolaas Petrus Pelzer
Adriaan Nicolaas Petrus Pelzer (25 December 1915 – 15 October 1981) was a South African Afrikaans academic, historian, author and Professor at the University of Pretoria, South Africa. He retired from the University of Pretoria as vice rector and acting rector in 1980. Among the books he published are the following "The Afrikaner-Broederbond: First 50 Years (1980)" and "Verwoerd Speaks: Speeches 1948–1966 (1966)". He was also member of the "National Monuments Council"  and in 1978 received the Laureate Award from the University of Pretoria. The Laureate Award is the highest award granted by the University of Pretoria. From 1965 to 1978 he was vice president and a member of the executive committee of the Northern-Transvaal Rugby Union, and a life member from 1979.

Bulls (rugby union)
The Bulls (known for sponsorship reasons as the Vodacom Bulls) are a South African professional rugby union team based in Pretoria. They play their home matches at Loftus Versfeld. They compete in the United Rugby Championship, having competed in the Super Rugby competition until 2020 and the domestic Currie Cup competition.

The side won the Super 14 in 2007, 2009 and 2010, placing them among the most successful teams in Super Rugby history with three titles. They were the most successful team of the Super 14 era (2006–10), winning three out of the five titles. They are the most successful South African team, and the only South African team to win a Super Rugby title.

Formerly known as Northern Transvaal the side has competed in the Currie Cup since 1937 before becoming the Bulls in 1997.
Desmond Mullen
Desmond Mullen (born August 1, 1966) is an American producer, director, actor, and writer. He is best known as the narrator and the voice of the puppet Pig in The Busy Little Engine series of DVDs.

Mullen started off as a sound designer in Off-Broadway theater but later moved on to television, working as a production assistant for Comedy Central (then known as The Comedy Channel) and eventually, as technical director under effects director Scott Squires at Industrial Light & Magic for Paul McCartney's 1991 music video, "Off the Ground". Starting in 2000, Mullen was a Show Producer at Morehead Planetarium and Science Center where he helped create science education shows including "Magic Tree House: Space Adventure" by Will Osborne and Mary Pope Osborne. Currently, Mullen is the creative director at Busy Little Studios.

Sound design
Sound design is the art and practice of creating auditory elements of media. It involves specifying, acquiring and creating audio using production techniques and equipment or software. It is employed in a variety of disciplines including filmmaking, television production, video game development, theatre, sound recording and reproduction, live performance, sound art, post-production, radio, new media and musical instrument development. Sound design commonly involves performing (see e.g. Foley) and editing of previously composed or recorded audio, such as sound effects and dialogue for the purposes of the medium, but it can also involve creating sounds from scratch through synthesizers. A sound designer is one who practices sound design.
Pittsburgh Maulers (1984)
The Pittsburgh Maulers were a team that competed in the 1984 season of the United States Football League. Their most prominent player was first pick overall in the 1984 USFL draft, running back Mike Rozier of Nebraska, who won the Heisman Trophy, collegiate football's most prestigious individual award.

They were owned by shopping mall magnate Edward J. DeBartolo, Sr., the father of Edward J. DeBartolo, Jr., then-owner of the San Francisco 49ers of the National Football League and the Pittsburgh Penguins of the National Hockey League. The Maulers played at Three Rivers Stadium.

1984 USFL draft
The 1984 USFL draft was the second collegiate draft of the United States Football League (USFL). It took place on January 4, 1984, at The Roosevelt Hotel in New York. The new six expansion teams were given the first six selections, followed by the established teams' picks, then followed by six additional selections by the expansion teams. In the even numbered rounds, the established teams chose first, followed by the expansion teams.
Wilhelm Ténint
Wilhelm Ténint (20 May 1817, Paris – 26 April 1879, Stockholm) was a minor French Romantic writer.

He was a fervent admirer of Victor Hugo and of the "modern school" of Romantic literature. He published in Parisian literary journals such as La Presse, and was a member of the Société des gens de lettres. In 1844, he published a handbook for and defense of Romantic prosody titled Prosodie de l'école moderne, which had a brief introduction by Hugo and a longer introduction by Emile Deschamps. Ténint's handbook mistakenly claimed that the unique, nonce structure of Jean Passerat's 1574 "Villanelle" was an old French form akin to terza rima; the poet Théodore de Banville subsequently "revived" this "Renaissance form," thus helping to create the modern 19-line poetic form called the villanelle. Ténint was placed under house arrest for pederasty in 1851 and thereafter left France for Sweden, where he translated Swedish works into French.

Pederasty
Pederasty (or paederasty in Commonwealth English) (/ˈpɛdəræsti/) refers to same-sex sexual relationships between an adult man and an adolescent boy; some authors also use the term to refer to same-sex female relationships with a similar age gap. Pederasty existed as a socially acknowledged and accepted practice in some premodern societies.

In most countries today, the local age of consent determines whether a person is considered legally competent to consent to sexual acts, and whether such contact is child sexual abuse or statutory rape. An adult engaging in sexual activity with a minor is considered abusive by authorities for a variety of reasons, including the age of the minor and the psychological and physical harm they may endure.
Bamberg State Library
The Bamberg State Library  (German: Staatsbibliothek Bamberg) is a combined universal, regional and research library with priority given to the humanities. Today it is housed in the New Residence, the former prince-bishop's new palace. The Free State of Bavaria is responsible for the library.

Universal library
A universal library is a library with universal collections. This may be expressed in terms of it containing all existing information, useful information, all books, all works (regardless of format) or even all possible works. This ideal, although unrealizable, has influenced and continues to influence librarians and others and be a goal which is aspired to. Universal libraries are often assumed to have a complete set of useful features (such as finding aids, translation tools, alternative formats, etc.).
Chilean destroyer Almirante Lynch
Almirante Lynch was a destroyer in service with the Chilean Navy through World War I and World War II. She was named after Admiral Patricio Lynch, Chilean sailor, hero of the War of the Pacific.

The Chilean Navy ordered six ships from J. Samuel White in 1911. These destroyers were larger and more powerful that contemporary British destroyers. Almirante Lynch was built by the United Kingdom as part of a six ship class of Almirante Lynch-class destroyers, of which only two were delivered before the outbreak of war, and served in the Chilean Navy until 1945.

J. Samuel White
J. Samuel White was a British shipbuilding firm based in Cowes, taking its name from John Samuel White (1838–1915).

It came to prominence during the Victorian era. During the 20th century it built destroyers and other naval craft for both the Royal Navy and export customers; they also built lifeboats and various types of commercial vessels.

There was another 'White's engineers and shipyard' of Cowes, that of William White & Sons (1883 - 1929); the use of the term 'White's of Cowes' may lead to confusion.
Claude-Charles
Claude-Charles or Claude Charles is a masculine given name, combining Claude and Charles. Notable people with this name include:

Claude-Charles Bourgonnier (1860–1921), French painter and lithographer

Claude Charles Castleton (1893–1916), Australian sergeant

Claude Charles Chevalley (1909–1984), French mathematician

Claude-Charles Dallet (1829–1878), French missionary

Claude Charles Fauriel (1772–1844), French historian

Claude Charles Goureau (1790–1879), French soldier and entomologist

Claude Charles Marie du Campe de Rosamel (1774–1848), French politician and naval officer

Claude Charles McColloch (1888–1959), American politician and judge

Claude Charles du Tisné (fl. 1719), French explorer

Claude Charles Vaché (1926-2009), American prelate

Charles
Charles is a masculine given name predominantly found in English and French speaking countries. It is from the French form Charles of the Proto-Germanic name ᚲᚨᚱᛁᛚᚨᛉ (in runic alphabet) or *karilaz (in Latin alphabet), whose meaning was "free man". The Old English descendant of this word was Ċearl or Ċeorl, as the name of King Cearl of Mercia, that disappeared after the Norman conquest of England.

The name was notably borne by Charlemagne (Charles the Great), and was at the time Latinized as Karolus (as in Vita Karoli Magni), later also as Carolus.
Nandhini (film)
Nandhini (stylised as Na•n•dhi•ni) is a 1997 Indian Tamil-language drama film directed by Manobala. The film stars  Prakash Raj, Suhasini,  Keerthi Reddy and Vineeth, with S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Manivannan and Vadivukkarasi in supporting roles. It was released on 11 July 1997.

Keerthi Reddy
Keerthi Reddy is an Indian former actress who appeared primarily in Telugu, Tamil films also appeared in Hindi and Kannada films. Her notable work includes Tholi Prema (1998), Pyaar Ishq Aur Mohabbat (2001) and Arjun (2004). She has received a Filmfare Award for her performance in the film Arjun (2004).
Ulmus minor 'Microphylla Pendula'
The Field Elm cultivar Ulmus minor 'Microphylla Pendula', the Weeping small-leaved elm, was first listed by the Travemünde nursery, Lübeck, and described by Kirchner in Petzold & Kirchner's Arboretum Muscaviense (1864), as Ulmus microphylla pendula Hort.. By the 1870s it was being marketed in nurseries in Europe and America as Ulmus campestris var. microphylla pendula.

Not to be confused with Schneider's suberose cultivar 'Propendens'. Kew's U. campestris var. microphylla pendula (1896 Hand List) was equated with 'Propendens' by Henry (1913), who called it "a form of Ulmus nitens var. suberosa", and by Rehder (1949), and was classed by Melville as a nothomorph of 'Sarniensis'.

Travemünde
Travemünde (German: [tʁaːvəˈmʏndə] ⓘ) is a borough of Lübeck, Germany, located at the mouth of the river Trave in Lübeck Bay. It began life as a fortress built by Henry the Lion, Duke of Saxony, in the 12th century to guard the mouth of the Trave, and the Danes subsequently strengthened it. It became a town in 1317 and in 1329 passed into the possession of the free city of Lübeck, to which it has since belonged. Its fortifications were demolished in 1807.

Travemünde has been a seaside resort since 1802, and is Germany's largest ferry port on the Baltic Sea with connections to Sweden, Finland, Russia, Latvia and Estonia. The lighthouse is the oldest on the German Baltic coast, dating from 1539. Another attraction of Travemünde is the Flying P-Liner Passat, a museum ship anchored in the mouth of the Trave.

The annual Travemünder Woche is a traditional sailing race week in Northern Europe. The annual Sand festival in Travemünde is known as the Sand World.
Gornji Grad, Osijek
Gornji Grad ("Upper Town") is a city district in the center of Osijek, Croatia. It has 16,520 inhabitants distributed in 6,210 households. It is the biggest and the most important district of Osijek. The most famous attractions of Osijek are located in Gornji Grad, such as Co-cathedral, Ante Starčević Square, Croatian National Theatre, County palace and Pedestrian bridge.

Day of the city district is on 29 June, on feast of Saint Peter and Paul.

County Palace, Osijek
The County Palace (Croatian: Županijska palača) is a building in Osijek, Croatia. It currently houses the Office of Public Administration of the Osijek-Baranja County. The building was built as the Virovitica County Palace (Croatian: Palača Virovitičke županije, Hungarian: Verőce vármegyei palota) originally built to host the institutions of the Virovitica County. The palace is considered to be one of the most monumental Croatian public architecture buildings of the first half of the 19th century.
Laudachsee
Laudachsee is a lake between the mountains in the Upper Austrian part of the Salzkammergut and neighbour to the larger Traunsee. Beside are the mountains Traunstein and Grünberg.

In the summer the lake reaches about + 20 °C. It drains through Laudach, Alm, Traun into the Danube.

Traunstein (mountain)
Traunstein (German: [ˈtʁaʊ̯nˌʃ͡taɪ̯n]) is the highest mountain on the east bank of Traunsee in the district of Gmunden, Austria. As measured by the height above sea level of its summit it is 1,691 metres (5,548 ft) high. Because of its almost vertical walls ending directly in the lake and secluded, advanced position Traunstein looks like a boulder in the landscape. Its distinctive silhouette is visible from a great distance therefore it is often called a guardian of the Salzkammergut.

Traunsteinhütte (Naturfreundehütte)

Gmundnerhütte

Summit cross

Traunsee from Gmundnerberg
46th Filmfare Awards South
The 46th Filmfare Awards South ceremony, honouring the winners and nominees of the best of South Indian cinema in films released 1998, was held at the Lalitha Kala Thoranam, Public Gardens, Hyderabad, on 24 April 1999.

Varamala
A varamala (Sanskrit: वरमाला, romanized: Varamālā, lit. 'boon garland') or a jayamala (Sanskrit: जयमाला, romanized: Jayamālā, lit. 'victory garland') is a Ancient Indian 
n garland that is most commonly associated with its eponymous ritual during a Hindu wedding ceremony. Traditionally, a varamala is made of roses and other flowers, though modern variations exist, such as garlands made from rupee notes, and other regional traditions.

The jayamala ceremony is a well-known ritual during a Hindu wedding, where a bride and a groom exchange garlands, as an indication of acceptance of each other as their spouse, and a pledge to respect them throughout the rest of their lives.
102nd Infantry Regiment (Imperial Japanese Army)
The 102nd Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment in the Imperial Japanese Army. The regiment was at one stage attached to the 128th Infantry Brigade, of the 114th Division, in the Tenth Army during the Second Sino-Japanese War. The regiment was later attached to the Eastern District Army on 7 September 1940, then the Kwantung Army on 1 August 1941, then assigned to the Twenty-Third Army on 19 September 1941 and the Eighteenth Army in November 1942. The regiment participated during the Second Sino-Japanese War and during the later stages of World War II, the regiment was in New Guinea, taking part in the New Guinea campaign.

Eastern District Army
The Eastern District Army (東部軍, Tōbugun) was a field army of the Imperial Japanese Army responsible for the defense of the Kantō region and northern Honshū during the Pacific War. It was one of the regional commands in the Japanese home islands reporting to the General Defense Command.
Amarna letter EA 16
Amarna Letter EA 16 is part of the corpus of the Amarna Letters, a set of letters written mostly in Akkadian found at the Egyptian capital of Tell El-Amarna. The text records a correspondence  from Ashur-uballit I, Founder of the Middle Assyrian Empire, to an uncertain ruler of Ancient Egypt. The name of the Pharaoh is partially broken off with most scholars favoring a reading that matches the praenomen of Akhenaten but it is also possibly the praenomen of Ay (pharaoh).

Ay (pharaoh)
Ay was the penultimate pharaoh of ancient Egypt's 18th Dynasty. He held the throne of Egypt for a brief four-year period in the late 14th century BC. Prior to his rule, he was a close advisor to two, and perhaps three, other pharaohs of the dynasty. It is speculated that he was the power behind the throne during child ruler Tutankhamun's reign, although there is no evidence for this aside from Tutankhamun's youthfulness. His prenomen Kheperkheperure means "Everlasting are the Manifestations of Ra", while his nomen Ay it-netjer reads as "Ay, Father of the God". Records and monuments that can be clearly attributed to Ay are rare, both because his reign was short and because his successor, Horemheb, instigated a campaign of damnatio memoriae against him and the other pharaohs associated with the unpopular Amarna Period.
Todd Bozeman
Todd Anthony Bozeman (born December 5, 1963) is an American college basketball coach who is currently an assistant coach for Rhode Island, where he also had a collegiate playing career. He was the head men's basketball coach at Morgan State University from 2006 to 2019.

Morgan State Bears basketball
The Morgan State Bears basketball team represents Morgan State University, located in Baltimore, Maryland, in Division I basketball competition. They currently compete in the Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference. The Bears are currently coached by Kevin Broadus and play their home games at the Talmadge L. Hill Field House. They were the 1974 NCAA Division II national champions. Morgan State has appeared two times in the NCAA tournament, most recently in 2010.
Stacheldraht
Stacheldraht (German for "barbed wire") is malware which performs a distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack. It was written by "Thomas Stacheldraht", a member of the Austrian hacker group TESO. It was first released in 1999.

Stacheldraht uses a number of different denial-of-service (DoS) attack methods, including ping flood, UDP flood, TCP SYN flood, and Smurf attack. Further, it can detect and automatically enable source address forgery. Adding encryption, it combines features of Trinoo and of Tribe Flood Network. The software runs on both Linux and Solaris.

Stacheldraht was later superseded by Blitzkrieg, which was maintained by "random" and a loose group of associates.

TESO (Austrian hacker group)
TESO was a  hacker group, which originated in Austria. It was active from 1998 to 2004, and during its peak around 2000, it was responsible for a significant share of the exploits on the bugtraq mailing list.

In 2000, some of their members took over phrack magazine and released the first ever hardcover (#57) at HAL2001.
La Pobla de Lillet
La Pobla de Lillet (Catalan pronunciation: [lə ˈpob.blə ðə liˈʎɛt]) is a municipality in the comarca of the Berguedà in Catalonia. It is located in the upper valley of the Llobregat river and is linked to Guardiola de Berguedà by Road B-402.

The town is home to the Artigas Gardens, a park designed by Antoni Gaudí in the 1900s. Other sights include the 15th-century bridge, the Sanctuary of Falgars and remains of the late 13th-century fortress.

Comarques of Catalonia
The comarques of Catalonia (singular comarca, Eastern Catalan: [kuˈmarkə], Western Catalan: [koˈmaɾka]), often referred to in English as counties, are an administrative division of Catalonia. Each comarca comprises a number of municipalities, roughly equivalent to a county in the United States. Currently, Catalonia is divided into 42 comarques and Aran, considered a "unique territorial entity" and not a comarca.

Each comarca has a representative county council (Catalan: consell comarcal), except for Barcelonès, which abolished it in 2019, and Aran, which instead has the Conselh Generau d'Aran.

Comarques form the second-level administrative division within Catalonia, being a subdivision of vegueries (or provinces at state level).
Challenger Coquimbo
The Challenger Dove Men+Care Coquimbo is a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It is currently part of the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour. It has been held in Coquimbo, Chile, since 2022 as part of the Legión Sudamericana.

Coquimbo
Coquimbo [koˈkimbo] is a port city, commune and capital of the Elqui Province, located on the Pan-American Highway, in the Coquimbo Region of Chile. Coquimbo is situated in a valley 10 km (6 mi) south of La Serena, with which it forms Greater La Serena with more than 400,000 inhabitants. The commune spans an area around the harbor of 1,429.3 km2 (552 sq mi). The average temperature in the city lies around 14 °C (57 °F), and precipitation is low.