hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of Lützen (1813)
The Battle of Lützen, fought on 2 May 1813 near the town of Lützen in Saxony, was a major engagement during the War of the Sixth Coalition. It pitted Napoleon Bonaparte's French forces against a coalition army of Prussian and Russian troops commanded by Generals Wittgenstein and Blücher. The battle marked Napoleon's attempt to reassert dominance in Central Europe following his disastrous retreat from Russia in 1812. Although the Allies initially gained ground and inflicted significant damage on the French forces, Napoleon's tactical brilliance and use of concentrated reserves allowed him to turn the tide of the battle. The French ultimately secured a costly victory, forcing the Allies to retreat.

Weißenfels
Weißenfels (German pronunciation: [ˈvaɪsn̩ˌfɛls] ⓘ; often written in English as Weissenfels) is the largest town of the Burgenlandkreis district, in southern Saxony-Anhalt, central Germany. It is situated on the river Saale, approximately 30 km (20 mi) south of Halle.
Villa Duarte
Villa Duarte is a sector in the city of Santo Domingo Este in the province of Santo Domingo of the Dominican Republic. Villa Duarte was originally part of the capital city Santo Domingo, Distrito Nacional. Santo Domingo Este was created as municipality in 2001 by law 163-01, splitting the Santo Domingo province from the Distrito Nacional, with Santo Domingo Este taking the other sectors of Alma Rosa I, Alma Rosa II, El Almirante, Hainamosa, Invivienda, Lucerna, Mendoza, Ozama, Ralma, San Isidro, Sans Sousi, Urbanización Italia, and others.

Distrito Nacional
The Distrito Nacional (D.N.; pronounced [disˈtɾito nasjoˈnal], locally [dihˈtɾito nasjoˈnal]; lit. 'National District') is a subdivision of the Dominican Republic enclosing the capital Santo Domingo. It is not in any of the provinces, but in practice, it acts as a province on its own. Before October 16, 2001, the Distrito Nacional was much larger, including what is now known as Santo Domingo Province. Published statistics and maps generally show the former, larger, Distrito Nacional. The Distrito Nacional has no rural or underdeveloped areas.
Ivy Younce
Ivy Younce (née Garner; born May 7, 2003) is a soccer player. Born in the mainland United States, she has represented Puerto Rico at the youth international level. She played college soccer for the Liberty Flames and was named the Conference USA Player of the Year in 2025.

2023 Conference USA women's soccer tournament
The 2023 Conference USA women's soccer tournament was the postseason women's soccer tournament for Conference USA (CUSA) held from November 1–5, 2023. The five-match tournament took place at Robert Mack Caruthers Field in Ruston, Louisiana. The six-team single-elimination tournament consisted of three rounds based on seeding from regular season conference play. The defending champions, the UTSA Roadrunners, could not defend their title as they moved to the American Athletic Conference in July 2023. The Liberty Lady Flames won the title by defeating New Mexico State 2–1 in the final. The conference championship in Liberty's first CUSA season was the eighth overall for the program, with six having been won in the Big South Conference and one in the Atlantic Sun Conference, and the first for head coach Lang Wedemeyer. As tournament champions, Liberty earned CUSA's automatic berth into the 2023 NCAA Division I women's soccer tournament.
97 Aquarii
97 Aquarii  (abbreviated 97 Aqr) is a binary star system in the equatorial constellation of Aquarius. 97 Aquarii is the Flamsteed designation. The combined apparent visual magnitude of the system is 5.20; the brighter star is magnitude 5.59 while the companion is magnitude 6.72. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 15.30 milliarcseconds, this system is at a distance of around 210 light-years (64 parsecs) from Earth.

The two stars in this system orbit each other over a period of 64.62 years at an eccentricity of 0.14. Both are A-type main sequence stars; the primary has a stellar classification of A2 V while its companion is A7 V. Their composite spectrum shows the properties of a Lambda Boötis star, which means it displays peculiar abundances of certain elements.

Flamsteed designation
A Flamsteed designation is a combination of a number and constellation name that uniquely identifies most naked eye stars in the modern constellations visible from southern England. They are named after John Flamsteed, author of the Historia Coelestis Britannica, the first major star catalogue compiled with the aid of a telescope. Flamsteed’s own catalogue did not include what are now known as Flamsteed numbers, but its listing of stars in each constellation provided the basis for later astronomers to add them.
Pandora's Box (British TV series)
Pandora's Box, subtitled A Fable From the Age of Science, is a BBC television documentary series by Adam Curtis looking at the consequences of political and technocratic rationalism. It won a BAFTA for Best Factual Series in 1993.

Curtis deals with, in order: Communism in the Soviet Union, systems analysis and game theory during the Cold War, the economy of the United Kingdom during the 1970s, the insecticide DDT, Kwame Nkrumah's leadership in Ghana in the 1950s, and the history of nuclear power.

The documentary makes extensive use of clips from the short film Design for Dreaming, especially in the title sequence. Curtis's later series The Century of the Self and The Trap have similar themes to Pandora's Box.

J. Gordon Edwards (entomologist)
J. Gordon Edwards (August 24, 1919 – July 19, 2004) was an American entomologist and proponent of the use and safety of the pesticide DDT. He was professor of entomology at San Jose State University for 40 years, and namesake to the university's entomology museum. He was an outspoken critic of Rachel Carson and efforts to ban DDT, famously eating the substance to demonstrate its safety to humans. He was also a noted mountain climber, spending nine seasons as a ranger-naturalist in Glacier National Park during the 1940s and '50s, and returning often to collect insects and map routes. His 1961 book A Climber's Guide to Glacier National Park, republished several times since, made him known as the "patron saint of climbing" in the park, where he died while hiking, aged 84.
2024 Zadar Open
The 2024 Zadar Open was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the fourth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2024 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Zadar, Croatia between 18 and 24 March 2024.

2024 ATP Challenger Tour
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour in 2024 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2024 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 207 tournaments with prize money ranging from $41,000 up to $225,500. It was the 47th edition of Challenger tournaments cycle and 16th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Creampie (sexual act)
A creampie (also known as internal ejaculation, and often in same-sex contexts as breeding) is a sexual act featured in hardcore pornography in which a man ejaculates inside his partner's vagina (or anus) without the use of a condom, resulting in visible seeping or dripping of semen from the orifice.

Sexual practices between men
Sexual practices involving men who have sex with men (MSM), regardless of their sexual orientation, can include oral sex, manual sex, anal sex, and frot. Evidence shows that sex between men is significantly underreported in surveys.
Judge W. A. Sawle House
The Judge W. A. Sawle House is a historic house located at 151 Central Street in Tonopah, Nevada, United States. W. A. Sawle, the local Justice of the Peace, built the house for himself in 1904. The frame house was designed in a blend of the Late Victorian and Colonial Revival styles. The home has a T-shaped plan and features a verandah with a crooked shape and a balustrade, wooden jig-cut bracketing along the top of the verandah, and a hipped roof. While living in the house, Sawle became Nye County's recorder and auditor, helped establish Tonopah's first Justice Court building, fathered the first baby born in the city, and invested in the local mining business.

The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 20, 1982.

Tonopah, Nevada
Tonopah (/ˈtoʊnəˌpɑː/ TOHN-ə-pah, Shoshoni language: Tonampaa) is an unincorporated town in the U.S. state of Nevada and the county seat of Nye County. Nicknamed the Queen of the Silver Camps for its mining-rich history, it is now primarily a tourism-based resort city, notable for attractions like the Mizpah Hotel and the Clown Motel.

Tonopah is located at the junction of U.S. Routes 6 and 95, approximately midway between Las Vegas and Reno. In the 2020 census, the population was 2,179. The census-designated place (CDP) of Tonopah has a total area of 16.2 square miles (42 km2), all land.
Sasanian Iberia
Sasanian Iberia (Georgian: სასანური ქართლი, romanized: sasanuri kartli; Middle Persian: 𐭥𐭫𐭥𐭰𐭠𐭭, wirōzān/wiruzān/wiručān) was the period the Kingdom of Iberia (Kartli, eastern Georgia) was under the suzerainty of the Sasanian Empire. The period includes when it was ruled by Marzbans (governors) appointed by the Sasanid Iranian king, and later through the Principality of Iberia.

Anahit Perikhanian
Anahit Georgievna Perikhanian (24 April 1928 – 27 May 2012) was a Soviet-born Armenian academic. An Iranologist, Perikhanian specialized in Sasanian jurisprudence, history and society. In addition to her work on many aspects of ancient and medieval Iran, Perikhanian was also interested in ancient inscriptions of Asia Minor and the Middle East, as well as Middle Iranian languages and Armenian language. She also spent much time researching Armenian philology and etymology, especially in relation to Iranian loanwords in the Armenian language, and contributed to the understanding of Aramaic inscriptions found in Armenia.
Radhasoami Satsang Dayalbagh
Radhasoami Satsang Dayalbagh also known as Ra Dha Sva Aa Mi Satsang Dayalbagh is century old spiritual tradition and the main sect of Radhasoami Mat with its Headquarter in Agra (Birth Place of Radhasoami Sant Mat) located on the banks of  Yamuna River. Radhasoami Satsang was founded by the first sant satguru, Param Purush Puran Dhani Soami Ji Mahraj on Basant Panchami Day in 1861 in Agra. The permanent satsang headquarter " Dayalbagh" were established on Basant Panchami Day in 1915 by Fifth Sant Satguru Param Guru Sahab Ji Mahraj. Radhasoami Satsang Sabha is its the Chief Working Committee since 1910.
The Guru lineage of the Soami Ji Maharaj is continue till date in Agra. Param Guru Huzur Satsangi Sahab is present sant satguru of the Satsang.

Dayalbagh
Dayalbagh or Dayal Bagh means 'Garden' (bagh) of 'Merciful' (dayal), inferring "Garden of the Merciful", is a locality in metropolitan Agra in western Uttar Pradesh, India was founded by fifth revered sant satguru of the Radhasoami faith, Param Guru Sahab Ji Maharaj on Basant Panchami Day in 1915. It is the headquarters of the Dayalbagh subsect of the Radha Soami sect or Radhasoami Satsang Dayalbagh where the 8th revered leader lives and presides over the satsang.

Dayalbagh is also known as the "Lungs of Agra" because of its green belt and eco-friendly community. It is a self-sustained colony, where its inhabitants lead an active, disciplined and co-operative community life, conforming to the spiritual ideals of their faith. It has affiliated educational institutes such as the Dayalbagh Educational Institute affiliated to Dayalbagh University (deemed). Radhasoami Satsang Sabha is the chief working committee of Radhasoami Faith Dayalbagh.
MaDFroG
Fredrik Johansson, better known by the pseudonym MaDFroG, is a retired Swedish Warcraft III and StarCraft II player.

He was a prominent Undead player, achieving success in numerous tournaments. His gameplay often emphasized the use of gargoyles against Night Elf opponents, a strategy that was widely recognized in competitive play.

Fredrik Johansson is featured in the documentary film Beyond the Game.

BlizzCon
BlizzCon is an annual gaming convention held by Blizzard Entertainment to promote its major franchises including Warcraft, StarCraft, Diablo, Hearthstone, Heroes of the Storm, and Overwatch.

The first BlizzCon was held in October 2005, and since then, all of the conventions have been held at the Anaheim Convention Center in Anaheim, California, near Blizzard's headquarters in Irvine. The convention features game-related announcements, previews of upcoming Blizzard Entertainment games and content, Q&A sessions and panels, costume contests, and playable versions of various Blizzard games. The Closing Ceremony has featured concerts by The Offspring, Tenacious D, Foo Fighters, Ozzy Osbourne, Blink-182, Metallica, Linkin Park, "Weird Al" Yankovic, and Muse. Blizzard also hosted a similar event outside the U.S. from 2004 to 2008, known as the Blizzard Worldwide Invitational.
2014 San Benedetto Tennis Cup
The 2014 San Benedetto Tennis Cup is a professional tennis tournaments played on clay courts. It is the 10th edition of the tournament which is part of the 2014 ATP Challenger Tour, offering a total of €35,000+H in prize money. The event takes place in San Benedetto del Tronto, Italy, on 7 July to 13 July 2014.

2014 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour, in 2014 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2014 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 150 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $40,000 up to $220,000, which represented an increase of the minimum prize money from $35,000. It was the 37th edition of challenger tournaments cycle, and 6th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Preignac
Preignac (French pronunciation: [pʁɛɲak]) is a commune in the Gironde department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

Preignac is located in the Sauternes wine appellation of Bordeaux. Preignac station has rail connections to Langon and Bordeaux.

Langon, Gironde
Langon (French pronunciation: [lɑ̃ɡɔ̃] ⓘ; Occitan: Lengon) is a commune in the Gironde department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France. Langon serves as the seat of its district, canton and subprefecture. Its inhabitants are called Langonnais and Langonnaise.
Bokštai, Kėdainiai
Bokštai is a village in Kėdainiai district municipality, in Kaunas County, in central Lithuania. According to the 2011 census, the village has a population of 105 people. The village is located by the Dotnuvėlė river (Akademija pond) and the regional road Jonava-Šeduva.

Formerly this location was known as Kemėšìškiai or Grigoriškiai.

Dotnuvėlė
The Dotnuvėlė is a river of Kėdainiai district municipality and Radviliškis district municipality, Kaunas County, central Lithuania. It flows for 60.9 kilometres and has a basin area of 192.7 km2.

Its valley is 350–500 m wide. The current rate is 0.2-0.9 meters per second. The Dotnuvelė course goes through Skėmiai, Gudžiūnai, Mantviliškis, Akademija, Dotnuva. It is a right tributary of the Nevėžis river, into which it flows in Kėdainiai.

The name Dotnuvėlė (formerly Dotnava) could derive from the PIE root *dā- ('liquid, to flow') as Sanskrit: dānu ('liquid, drop'), Ossetian: дон ('river'), Avar: dā-nu- ('river, current'), etc.
Poles in the Soviet Union
The Polish minority in the Soviet Union are Polish diaspora who used to reside near or within the borders of the Soviet Union before its dissolution. Some of them continued to live in the post-Soviet states, most notably in Lithuania, Belarus, and Ukraine, the areas historically associated with the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, as well as in Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan among others.

Stanisław Kosior
Stanislav Vikentyevich Kosior (Russian: Станислав Викентьевич Косиор; 18 November 1889 – 26 February 1939), sometimes spelled Kossior, was a Soviet politician who was First Secretary of the Communist Party of Ukraine, Deputy Premier of the Soviet Union and member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU). He and his wife were both executed during the Great Purge.
The Magicians (Grossman novel)
The Magicians is a new adult fantasy novel by the American author Lev Grossman, published in 2009 by Viking Press. It tells the story of Quentin Coldwater, a young man who discovers and attends a secret college of magic in New York. The novel received critical acclaim and was followed by a sequel, The Magician King, in 2011 and a third novel, The Magician's Land, in 2014.

A television series adaptation of the novels premiered on Syfy in 2015. Grossman has also worked on two comic book stories based on his novels.

The Magicians (American TV series)
The Magicians is an American fantasy television series that aired on Syfy, based on the trilogy of novels by Lev Grossman. Michael London, Janice Williams, John McNamara, and Sera Gamble serve as executive producers. A 13-episode order was placed for the first season in May 2015, and the series premiered on December 16, 2015, as a special preview. In January 2019, Syfy renewed the series for a fifth, which ran from January 15 to April 1, 2020, following the announcement of the series' cancellation. In the show, students at a secretive school of magic find that the magical world is more dangerous than they realized.
1988 Japanese Grand Prix
The 1988 Japanese Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Suzuka Circuit on 30 October 1988. It was the fifteenth and penultimate race of the 1988 season.

The race was won by McLaren's Ayrton Senna, who had clinched his first world championship in doing so. He finished ahead of his teammate and championship rival Alain Prost and Thierry Boutsen from Benetton who came in third. By winning the race, he took his eighth Grand Prix victory of the season, eclipsing the record previously held by Prost in 1984 and Jim Clark in 1963 for the most wins in a season with seven, before his record was beaten by Nigel Mansell in 1992.

Suzuka Circuit
The Suzuka International Racing Course (Japanese: 鈴鹿国際レーシングコース, Hepburn: Suzuka Kokusai Rēsingu Kōsu), a.k.a. the Suzuka Circuit (鈴鹿サーキット, Suzuka Sākitto), is a 5.807 km (3.608 mi) long motorsport race track located in Ino, Suzuka City, Mie Prefecture, Japan and operated by Honda Mobilityland, a subsidiary of Honda Motor Co, Ltd. It has a capacity of 155,000. It is most well known for its use in the international Formula One and Japanese Super Formula championships.
William Frederick Henry Rosenberg
William Frederick Henry Rosenberg (1868–1957) was an English ornithologist and entomologist.

His first expedition was to Colombia in 1894 where he collected insects and birds. The bird collection was acquired by Adolphe Boucard. In 1896 he went to Ecuador and later returned  to Colombia collecting especially for Walter Rothschild. From 1898 until 1899 he employed collectors in South America who provided him with bird skins for Rothschild. Duplicates went to the British Museum, surplus specimens were sold to other collectors and museums . He started a  business as a natural history dealer in Tring in 1897 and in 1898 he moved the dealership to 57 Haverstock Hill, London. He sold  specimens from Africa as well as S. America. New species were described by Ernst Hartert.

Rosenberg was a Fellow of the Royal Entomological Society of London.

Walter Rothschild, 2nd Baron Rothschild
Lionel Walter Rothschild, 2nd Baron Rothschild, Baron de Rothschild (8 February 1868 – 27 August 1937), was a British banker, politician, zoologist, and soldier, who was a member of the Rothschild family. As a Zionist leader, he was presented with the Balfour Declaration, which pledged British support for a Jewish national home in Palestine. Rothschild was the president of the Board of Deputies of British Jews from 1925 to 1926.
Department of Social Services (Australia)
The Department of Social Services (DSS) is a department of the Australian Government responsible for national policies and programs related to social welfare and social security. Additionally, the department develops and implements social policy.

The head of the department is the Secretary of the Department of Social Services, currently Michael Lye, who reports to the Minister for Social Services. As of May 2025, the ministers of the department are Tanya Plibersek, Minister for Social Services, and Katy Gallagher, Minister for Government Services. They are joined by one assistant minister, Ged Kearney, who is the Assistant Minister for Social Services and Assistant Minister for the Prevention of Family Violence.

The head office of the department is located in the Australian Capital Territory suburb of Greenway.

Social security in Australia
Social security in Australia refers to a system of social welfare payments provided by the Australian Government and the states and territories of Australia to eligible Australian citizens, permanent residents, and limited international visitors. These payments are almost always administered by Centrelink, a program of Services Australia. In Australia, most payments are means tested.

The system includes payments to retirees, job seekers, parents (especially new and single parents), people with disabilities and their caregivers, guardians of orphans, students and apprentices, and people who have no way of supporting themselves.
Ancient Hebrew writings
Ancient Hebrew writings are texts written in Biblical Hebrew using the Paleo-Hebrew alphabet before the destruction of the Second Temple during the Siege of Jerusalem (70 AD).

The earliest known precursor to Hebrew, an inscription in the Paleo-Hebrew alphabet, is the Khirbet Qeiyafa ostracon (11th–10th century BC), if it can be considered Hebrew at that early a stage.

By far the most varied, extensive, and historically significant body of literature written in Biblical Hebrew is the Hebrew Bible, but other works have survived as well. Before the Imperial Aramaic-derived Hebrew alphabet was adopted circa the 5th century BC, the Phoenicia-derived Paleo-Hebrew alphabet was used for writing. A derivative of the script still survives as the Samaritan script.

Samaritan Hebrew
Samaritan Hebrew (Samaritan Hebrew: ࠏࠨࠁࠬࠓࠪࠉࠕ, romanized: ʿÎbrit) is a reading tradition used liturgically by the Samaritans for reading the Biblical Hebrew of the Samaritan Pentateuch.

For the Samaritans, Ancient Hebrew ceased to be a spoken everyday language. It was succeeded by Samaritan Aramaic, which itself ceased to be a spoken language sometime between the 10th and 12th centuries and was succeeded by Levantine Arabic (specifically, the Samaritan variety of Palestinian Arabic).

The phonology of Samaritan Hebrew is very similar to that of Samaritan Arabic and is used by the Samaritans in prayer. Today, the spoken vernacular among Samaritans is evenly split between Modern Hebrew and Samaritan Arabic, depending on whether they reside in Holon or Kiryat Luza.
Mathematics Subject Classification
The Mathematics Subject Classification (MSC) is an alphanumerical classification scheme that has collaboratively been produced by staff of, and based on the coverage of, the two major mathematical reviewing databases, Mathematical Reviews and Zentralblatt MATH. The MSC is used by many mathematics journals, which ask authors of research papers and expository articles to list subject codes from the Mathematics Subject Classification in their papers. The current version is MSC2020.

Mathematical optimization
Mathematical optimization (alternatively spelled optimisation) or mathematical programming is the selection of a best element, with regard to some criteria, from some set of available alternatives. It is generally divided into two subfields: discrete optimization and continuous optimization. Optimization problems arise in all quantitative disciplines from computer science and engineering to operations research and economics, and the development of solution methods has been of interest in mathematics for centuries.

In the more general approach, an optimization problem consists of maximizing or minimizing a real function by systematically choosing input values from within an allowed set and computing the value of the function. The generalization of optimization theory and techniques to other formulations constitutes a large area of applied mathematics.