hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nondispersive infrared sensor
A nondispersive infrared sensor (or NDIR sensor) is a simple spectroscopic sensor often used as a gas detector. It is non-dispersive in the sense that no dispersive element (e.g., a prism, or diffraction grating, as is often present in other spectrometers) is used to separate (like a monochromator) the broadband light into a narrow spectrum suitable for gas sensing. The majority of NDIR sensors use a broadband lamp source and an optical filter to select a narrow band spectral region that correspond to the absorption region of the gas of interest. In this context, the narrow band can be 50-300 nm bandwidth. Modern NDIR sensors may use microelectromechanical systems (MEMs) or mid IR LED sources, with or without an optical filter.

Nitrogen dioxide
Nitrogen dioxide is a chemical compound with the formula NO2. One of several nitrogen oxides, nitrogen dioxide is a reddish-brown gas.  It is a paramagnetic, bent molecule with C2v point group symmetry. Industrially, NO2 is an intermediate in the synthesis of nitric acid, millions of tons of which are produced each year, primarily for the production of fertilizers.

Nitrogen dioxide is poisonous and can be fatal if inhaled in large quantities. Cooking with a gas stove produces nitrogen dioxide which causes poorer indoor air quality. Combustion of gas can lead to increased concentrations of nitrogen dioxide throughout the home environment which is linked to respiratory issues and diseases. The LC50 (median lethal dose)  for humans has been estimated to be 174 ppm for a 1-hour exposure. It is also included in the NOx family of atmospheric pollutants.
1827 Virginia gubernatorial election
A gubernatorial election was held in Virginia on December 8, 1827. The incumbent governor of Virginia William Branch Giles was re-elected.

The election was conducted by the Virginia General Assembly in joint session. Giles had previously won the special election to succeed John Tyler, who had resigned his office effective March 4, 1827. The expiration of Giles's term, and the constitutionality of holding an election, was discussed prior to the balloting. Tyler's term had been due to expire in December 1827; however, Reuben B. Patteson claimed that the legislature had elected Giles for a new one-year term ending March 4, 1828, and moved that the election be postponed. After lengthy debate, most members concluded that Giles had been elected to complete Tyler's unexpired term. The motion to postpone the election was defeated, and the assembly proceeded to vote. Giles was elected with a majority on the first ballot.

Governor of Virginia
The governor of the Commonwealth of Virginia is the head of government of the Commonwealth of Virginia. The governor is head of the executive branch of the government of Virginia and is the commander-in-chief of the Virginia National Guard and Virginia Defense Force.

Three signatories of the Declaration of Independence served as governor of Virginia and three governors became president of the United States: Thomas Jefferson, James Monroe, and John Tyler.

The current officeholder is Abigail Spanberger, a member of the Democratic Party who took office on January 17, 2026. She is Virginia's first female governor.
Giovanni Ghizzolo
Giovanni Ghizzolo (Brescia ca. 1580–Novara ca. 1625) was a Franciscan friar, composer of motets and madrigals. From 1613 he was maestro di cappella successively at Correggio, Ravenna, Padua, and ended his life in Novara.

He published eleven prints of sacred music, both in concertato and "a cappella" style, and nine of secular music - three books of polyphonic madrigals for 5 and 6 voices and six (one lost) of madrigals, arias and canzonette for 1-2-3 voices from 1608 till 1623. Some of his sacred music collections have been reprinted several times, until 1640.

His Gioco della cieca, contained in Book 1 of Madrigals, takes 123 verses from Il pastor fido of Giovanni Battista Guarini (Act III, Scene 2), also set by Gastoldi and others, to make a theatrical madrigal-drama.

Kapellmeister
Kapellmeister (/kəˈpɛlmaɪstər/ kə-PEL-my-stər, US also /kɑːˈ-/ kah-, German: [kaˈpɛlˌmaɪstɐ] ⓘ), from Kapelle ('chapel') and Meister ('master'), literally 'master of the chapel choir', is a word of German origin that designates the leader of an ensemble of musicians. Originally used to refer to somebody in charge of music in a chapel, the term has evolved considerably in its meaning and is today used for denoting the leader of a musical ensemble, often smaller ones used for TV, radio, and theatre.
Faculty of Medicine, Princess of Naradhiwas University
The Faculty of Medicine, Princess of Naradhiwas University (Thai: คณะแพทยศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยนราธิวาสราชนครินทร์) is a medical school located in Narathiwat, southern Thailand. The 19th medical school established in Thailand, founded in 2005, the Medical School is run in collaboration with Songkhla Hospital, Naradhiwas Rajanagarindra Hospital and Galyanivadhanakarun Hospital.

Yala province
Yala (Thai: ยะลา, pronounced [já(ʔ).lāː] Malay: Jala) is the southernmost Province (changwat) of Thailand. Neighboring provinces are (from northwest clockwise) Songkhla, Pattani, and Narathiwat. Yala is one of two landlocked provinces in southern Thailand, the other being Phatthalung. Its southern part borders Kedah and Perak of Malaysia.
Majdalena
Majdalena is a municipality and village in Jindřichův Hradec District in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 500 inhabitants.

Majdalena lies approximately 24 kilometres (15 mi) south-west of Jindřichův Hradec, 28 km (17 mi) east of České Budějovice, and 129 km (80 mi) south of Prague.

Jindřichův Hradec
Jindřichův Hradec (Czech pronunciation: [ˈjɪndr̝ɪxuːf ˈɦradɛts] ⓘ; German: Neuhaus) is a town in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 21,000 inhabitants. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument reservation.
1938 Michigan State Spartans football team
The 1938 Michigan State Spartans football team represented Michigan State College as an independent during the 1938 college football season. In their sixth season under head coach Charlie Bachman, the Spartans compiled a 6–3 record and lost their annual rivalry game with Michigan by a 14 to 0 score. In inter-sectional play, the team defeated West Virginia (26–0), Syracuse (19–12), and Temple (10–0), and lost to Santa Clara (7–6).

Halfback John Pingel was selected by the Associated Press (AP), International News Service (INS) and Detroit Times as a first-team player, on the 1938 College Football All-America Team. Pingel was later inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame.

1938 Syracuse Orangemen football team
The 1938 Syracuse Orangemen football team represented Syracuse University in the 1938 college football season. The Orangemen were led by second-year head coach Ossie Solem and played their home games at Archbold Stadium in Syracuse, New York. Syracuse beat Colgate on November 5 at Archbold Stadium, the first in the Colgate–Syracuse football rivalry since 1924.
Eelis Rantanen
Eelis Konstantin Rantanen (5 March 1879, Turku – 26 June 1946) was a Finnish schoolteacher and politician. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1921 to 1922, representing the Christian Workers' Union of Finland (SKrTL).

Christian Workers' Union of Finland
The Christian Workers' Union of Finland (Finnish: Suomen Kristillisen Työväen Liitto; Swedish: Finlands kristliga arbetarförbund, abbreviated SKrTL) was a political party in Finland. The party was led by the industrial worker Antti Kaarne until 1918.
Dracula (2013 TV series)
Dracula is a horror drama television series. The series, a reimagining of Bram Stoker's 1897 novel Dracula, was produced by London-based Carnival Films; it aired in the United States on NBC and in the United Kingdom on Sky Living from 25 October 2013, to 24 January 2014. It was created by Cole Haddon and Daniel Knauf, while Daniel Knauf served as showrunner and head writer.

The series was given a straight-to-series commitment of ten episodes. It was cancelled after one season.

Count Dracula
Count Dracula (/ˈdrækjʊlə, -jə-/) is the title character and main antagonist of Bram Stoker's gothic horror novel Dracula (1897). He is considered the prototypical and archetypal vampire in subsequent works of fiction. Aspects of the character are believed by some to have been inspired by the 15th-century Wallachian prince Vlad the Impaler, who was also known as Vlad Dracula, and by Sir Henry Irving and Jacques Damala, actors with aristocratic backgrounds that Stoker had met during his life. Count Dracula is one of the best-known fictional figures of the Victorian era.

One of Dracula's most famous powers is his ability to turn others into vampires by biting them and infecting them with the vampiric disease. Other characteristics have been added or altered in subsequent popular fictional works, including books, films, cartoons, and video games.
Sheldon Gilgore
Sheldon Gilgore (February 13, 1932 – February 12, 2010) was an American physician and executive who served as president of Pfizer and CEO of G.D. Searle. He also served as chairman of the board of Clark University and was a member of the founding family of the Connecticut Grand Opera.

Gilgore was trained as an endocrinologist. Gilgore retired from Searle in 1995.

G. D. Searle & Company
G. D. Searle & Company (often referred to as Searle) was an American pharmaceutical company, now owned by Pfizer. Searle is most notable for having developed the first female birth control pill, and the artificial sweetener NutraSweet. Searle also developed the drug Lomotil, an antidiarrheal medication. One notable alumnus of Searle was Donald Rumsfeld, the Secretary of Defense for George W. Bush in the 2000s. Prior to its 1985 merger with Monsanto, Searle was a company mainly focusing on life sciences, specifically pharmaceuticals, agriculture, and animal health.
Filippo Gherardi
Filippo Gherardi (1643–1704) was an Italian painter of the Baroque period.

Born in Lucca, he was mostly active in Venice and Rome, where he became a member of the large studio of Pietro da Cortona, often working closely with Giovanni Coli. With Coli, Gherardi was initially a trainee of Pietro Paolini in Lucca. One of his masterpieces are the ceiling frescoes in the Palazzo Colonna in Rome, celebrating the participation of a family member in the Battle of Lepanto.

In Venice, Coli and Gherardi also completed frescoes (1670–72) of the dome of the church of San Nicolò da Tolentino with a fresco of the Glory of San Nicola and in the church of San Pantalon. In Venice, Coli and Gherardi  also frescoed the Library in the monastery of San Giorgio Maggiore.

One of his pupils was Cristoforo Tondini, who worked with him in San Pantalon.

Nicholas of Tolentino
Nicholas of Tolentino, OSA (Latin: S. Nicolaus de Tolentino, c. 1246 – September 10, 1305) known as the "Patron of Holy Souls", was an Italian Catholic mystic who is invoked as an advocate for the souls in Purgatory, especially during Lent and the month of November. He was a member of the Augustinians, whose churches today, together with those of the Discalced Augustinians, hold weekly devotions to St. Nicholas on behalf of the suffering souls. November 2, All Souls' Day, holds special significance for the devotees of St. Nicholas. He was canonized in 1446.
Nadka Golcheva
Nadka Vangelova Golcheva (Bulgarian: Надка Вангелова Голчева, née Stoeva (Стоева); born 12 March 1952) is a Bulgarian former basketball player who represented Bulgaria internationally from 1969 to 1983. She competed at two Olympic Games, winning a bronze medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics and a silver medal at the 1980 Summer Olympics.

Golcheva spent her entire club career with WBC Levski Sofia, where she was a central figure during the most successful era in the club’s history. She later became one of the most decorated players in Bulgarian women’s basketball, achieving major success at both club and national team level.

Basketball at the 1976 Summer Olympics
Basketball events at the 1976 Summer Olympics was the ninth appearance of the sport of basketball as an official Olympic medal event. It took place from July 18 to July 27 at the Centre Étienne Desmarteau and the Montreal Forum in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Women's basketball was introduced to the Olympic program for the first time at this Games. The United States won the gold against Yugoslavia in the men's tournament, while the Soviet Union won the gold medal against the United States in the women's competition.
USS ARD-1
USS ARD-1 was an auxiliary repair dock serving with the United States Navy during World War II as Auxiliary floating drydock. ARD-1 was built by the Pacific Bridge Company and completed in September 1934. ARD-1 was commissioned at Alameda, California on 19 December 1935 then towed to San Diego, California. ARD-1 was the first in her class of self-sustaining, ship hull shape ship repair docks. ARD-1 was able to repair ships in a Naval fleet in remote locations.

Naval fleet
A naval fleet is the largest operational formation of warships in a navy, typically under a single command and organized for strategic missions. While modern fleets are permanent, multi-role forces (e.g., carrier strike groups), historical fleets were often ad hoc assemblies for specific campaigns. The term "fleet" can also synonymously refer to a nation’s entire navy, particularly in smaller maritime forces.

Fleets have shaped geopolitics since antiquity—from the trireme fleets of Athens to the nuclear-powered carrier groups of today—enabling power projection, trade protection, and deterrence. Multinational fleets, such as NATO’s Standing Maritime Groups, demonstrate their continued diplomatic-military role.
Observance of Yom Kippur by Jewish athletes
Since the early 20th-century, numerous Jewish athletes have chosen not to play on Yom Kippur, the holiest day of the year in Judaism. As one of the most culturally significant Jewish holidays, Yom Kippur is observed by many secular Jews who may not observe other holidays. Jews observing the holiday participate in full fasting and asceticism.

The most famous example is baseball player Sandy Koufax of the Los Angeles Dodgers who refused to pitch Game 1 of the 1965 World Series when it fell on Yom Kippur. Years prior, Hank Greenberg of the Detroit Tigers took a similar stance and sat out during a tight pennant race.

Incidents such as those of Greenberg and Koufax throw into sharp highlight the conflict many Jewish people face between social pressures and personal beliefs on a daily basis. Athletes observing Yom Kippur are often lauded for their decision not to play, which is also seen as a source of pride by many in the Jewish community.

Jewish holidays
Jewish holidays, also known as Jewish festivals or Yamim Tovim (Hebrew: יָמִים טוֹבִים, romanized: yāmīm ṭōvīm, lit. 'Good Days', or singular Hebrew: יוֹם טוֹב‎ Yom Tov, in transliterated Hebrew [English: /ˈjɔːm ˈtɔːv, joʊm ˈtoʊv/]), are holidays observed by Jews throughout the Hebrew calendar. They include religious, cultural and national elements, derived from four sources: mitzvot ("biblical commandments"), rabbinic mandates, the history of Judaism, and the State of Israel.

Jewish holidays occur on the same dates every year in the Hebrew calendar, but the dates vary in the Gregorian. This is because the Hebrew calendar is a lunisolar calendar (based on the cycles of both the sun and moon), whereas the Gregorian is a solar calendar. Each holiday can only occur on certain days of the week, four for most, but five for holidays in Tevet and Shevat and six for Hanukkah (see Days of week on Hebrew calendar).
Darryl Woods
Darryl Craig Woods (born 5 January 1964) is a former English cricketer.  Woods was a left-handed batsman.  He was born in Oxford, Oxfordshire.

Woods made his debut for Oxfordshire in the 1984 Minor Counties Championship against Shropshire.  Woods next played Minor counties cricket for Oxfordshire in 1990, playing for the county from 1990 to 2001, which included 19 Minor Counties Championship matches and a single MCCA Knockout Trophy match.  He made his List A debut against Surrey in the 1991 NatWest Trophy, with the match being abandoned.  He played 2 further List A matches, against Surrey in a replay of the abandoned match and against Somerset in the 1994 NatWest Trophy.  In his 3 List A matches he scored 21 runs at a batting average of 10.50, with a high score of 14.

1991 NatWest Trophy
The 1991 NatWest Trophy was a limited-overs English county cricket tournament, held between 26 June and 7 September 1991.  The competition was won by Hampshire who beat Surrey by 4 wickets in the final at Lord's.
Anne van Kesteren
Anne van Kesteren is an open web standards author and open source contributor.  He has written and edits several web standards specifications including Fullscreen API, XMLHttpRequest, and URL. Formerly worked on standards issues as a software engineer at Opera Software, he started working at Mozilla on 2013-02-04. He was Mozilla’s representative on the WHATWG Steering Group. He was an elected participant in the W3C Technical Architecture Group (TAG) from 2013 to 2014.

WHATWG
The Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group (WHATWG) was founded by representatives from Apple Inc., the Mozilla Foundation and Opera Software, leading web browser vendors in 2004. WHATWG is responsible for maintaining multiple web-related technical standards, including the specifications for the HyperText Markup Language (HTML) and the Document Object Model (DOM). The central organizational membership and control of WHATWG – its "Steering Group" – consists of Apple, Mozilla, Google, and Microsoft. WHATWG editors of the specifications ensure correct implementation, in consultation with participants, but ultimately in accordance with Steering Group member objectives.
HIEW
HIEW, sometimes given as Hiew, (short for Hacker's view) is a console hex editor for Windows written by Eugene Suslikov (sen).  Amongst its feature set is its ability to view files in text, hex and disassembly mode.  The program is particularly useful for editing executable files such as COFF, PE, or ELF executable files.

COFF
The Common Object File Format (COFF)  is a format for executable, object code, and shared library computer files used on Unix systems. It was introduced in Unix System V, replaced the previously used a.out format, and formed the basis for extended specifications such as XCOFF and ECOFF, before being largely replaced by ELF, introduced with SVR4. 
COFF and its variants continue to be used on some Unix-like systems, on Microsoft Windows (Portable Executable), in UEFI environments and in some embedded development systems.
Perkinsea
Perkinsids are single-celled protists that live as intracellular parasites of a variety of other organisms. They are classified as the class Perkinsea within the monotypic phylum Perkinsozoa. It is part of the eukaryotic supergroup Alveolata, along with dinoflagellates, their closest relatives, and another parasitic group known as Apicomplexa. Perkinsids are found in aquatic environments, as parasites of dinoflagellates and various animals.

Phylum
In biology, a phylum (/ˈfaɪləm/; pl.: phyla) is a level of classification, or taxonomic rank, that is below kingdom and above class. Traditionally, in botany the term division has been used instead of phylum, although the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants accepts the terms as equivalent. Depending on definitions, the animal kingdom Animalia contains about 32 phyla, the plant kingdom Plantae contains about 14 phyla, and the fungus kingdom Fungi contains about eight phyla. Current research in phylogenetics is uncovering the relationships among phyla within larger clades like Ecdysozoa and Embryophyta.
William Barnett House
William Barnett House is a historic home located at Alleghany Springs, Montgomery County, Virginia.  It is a long two-story, log and frame structure consisting of a number of elements of different dates.  The earliest section may date to 1813, and is the central log section with a two-story frame or log addition and adjacent room and a frame two-room section added in the mid-19th century. It has a rear wing and is topped by a standing seam metal gable roof.  It features a two-story ornamental porch that spans the entire front of the building with chamfered posts and sawn balusters.  Also on the property are a contributing two-story, single-pen log kitchen; a small stone shed-roofed greenhouse; and a corn crib.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.

Montgomery County, Virginia
Montgomery County is a county located in the Valley and Ridge area of the U.S. state of Virginia. As population in the area increased, Montgomery County was formed in 1777 from Fincastle County, which in turn had been taken from Botetourt County. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 99,721. Its county seat is Christiansburg, and Blacksburg is the largest town. Montgomery County is part of the Blacksburg-Christiansburg metropolitan area. It is dominated economically by the presence of Virginia Tech, Virginia's third largest public university, which is the county's largest employer.
1990 Australian Open – Men's doubles
Rick Leach and Jim Pugh were the defending champions, but lost in the semifinals to Grant Connell and Glenn Michibata.Pieter Aldrich and Danie Visser won the title, defeating Connell and Michibata 6–4, 4–6, 6–1, 6–4, in the final.

Rick Leach
Rick Leach (born December 28, 1964) is a tennis coach and former professional player from the United States. A doubles specialist, he won five Grand Slam doubles titles (three at the Australian Open, one at Wimbledon, and one at the US Open), and four mixed doubles titles (two at the Australian Open, one at Wimbledon, and one at the US Open). He reached the world No. 1 doubles ranking in 1990.

Leach was a member of the US team which won the Davis Cup in 1990. Partnering Jim Pugh, he won the doubles rubbers in all four of the rounds which the US played in that year, and clinched the team's victory in the final with a win over Pat Cash and John Fitzgerald of Australia.

Prior to turning professional, Leach became the first four-time Division 1 All-American in singles and doubles at the University of Southern California (where he played for his father Dick), and won the NCAA doubles title in 1986 and 1987.
Transport for London Corporate Archives
Transport for London Corporate Archives, formerly Transport for London Group Archives, is the official historical business archive for Transport for London (TfL) and its predecessor bodies.  It preserves and makes available to the public documents, photographs, plans and drawings relating to the company and its predecessor bodies, such as London Transport.  It is based at Endeavour Square, Stratford.

London Regional Transport
London Regional Transport (LRT) was the organisation responsible for most of the public transport network in London, England, between 1984 and 2000. In common with all London transport authorities from 1933 to 2000, the public name and operational brand of the organisation was London Transport from 1989, but until then it traded as LRT. This policy was reversed after the appointment of Sir Wilfrid Newton in 1989, who also abolished the recently devised LRT logo and restored the traditional roundel.