hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alternaria padwickii
Alternaria padwickii is a plant pathogen that attacks rice. It is associated with the disease stackburn, otherwise known as alternaria leaf spot.

Rice grown in northeast Argentina commonly suffers from A. padwickii and the particular strains found there are highly resistant to carboxin and moderately resistant to a few other fungicides

Alternaria leaf spot
Alternaria leaf spot or Alternaria leaf blight are a group of fungal diseases in plants, that have a variety of hosts. The diseases infects common garden plants, such as cabbage, and are caused by several closely related species of fungi. Some of these fungal species target specific plants, while others have been known to target plant families. One commercially relevant plant genus that can be affected by Alternaria Leaf Spot is Brassica, as the cosmetic issues caused by symptomatic lesions can lead to rejection of crops by distributors and buyers. When certain crops such as cauliflower and broccoli are infected, the heads deteriorate and there is a complete loss of marketability. Secondary soft-rotting organisms can infect stored cabbage that has been affected by Alternaria Leaf Spot by entering through symptomatic lesions. Alternaria Leaf Spot diseases that affect Brassica species are caused by the pathogens Alternaria brassicae and Alternaria brassicicola.
1961 USAC Road Racing Championship
The 1961 USAC Road Racing Championship season was the fourth season of the USAC Road Racing Championship.  It began June 25, 1961, and ended October 22, 1961, after four races.  Ken Miles won the season championship.

USAC Road Racing Championship
The USAC Road Racing Championship was a sports car racing series in the United States held from 1958 until 1962. The series was organized by the United States Auto Club as a fully professional alternative to the Sports Car Club of America's SCCA National Sports Car Championship.
John Stephenson (zoologist)
John Stephenson CIE FRS FRSE FRCS (6 February 1871, in Padiham, Lancashire – 2 February 1933, in London) was a surgeon and zoologist. He was a leading expert on the earthworms of the Indian subcontinent and served as editor of the Fauna of British India series from 1927. Knowledgeable in Persian, Hindustani and some Arabic, he was also an orientalist scholar and translated several works from Persian to English.

Sanai
Hakim Abul-Majd Majdūd ibn Ādam Sanā'ī Ghaznavi (Persian: حکیم ابوالمجد مجدود ‌بن آدم سنایی غزنوی), more commonly known as Sanai, was a poet in the Ghaznavid Empire, who wrote in Persian. He was born in 1080 and died in 1150.
Shibly Aziz
Mohamed Shibly Aziz PC (1943 – 8 October 2018) was a Sri Lankan lawyer. He served as Attorney General of Sri Lanka from 1995 to 1996 and served in the Constitution Council of Sri Lanka from 2015 to 2018.

Attorney General of Sri Lanka
The attorney general of Sri Lanka is the Sri Lankan government's chief legal adviser, and its primary lawyer in the Supreme Court of Sri Lanka. The attorney general is usually a highly respected senior advocate, and is appointed by the ruling government. The current attorney general is Parinda Ranasinghe Jnr. The president does not have any power to make orders, mandatory or otherwise, to the attorney general. He heads the Attorney General's Department which is the public prosecutor.

Unlike the attorney general of the United States, the attorney general of Sri Lanka does not have any executive authority and is not a political appointee; those functions are performed by the minister of justice. The attorney general is assisted by the solicitor general of Sri Lanka and several additional solicitors general.
Autovampirism
Auto-vampirism is a form of vampirism that refers to drinking one's own blood, typically as a form of sexual gratification. As a mental disorder, this is also called as autohemophagia, which is derived from three Greek words: auto, which means "self"; hemos, for "blood"; and, phagos, meaning "to eat". Although closely related to vampirism, the two differ in that vampirism is a sadistic act while auto-vampirism is on the side of masochism. Along with drinking their own blood, most practitioners of auto-vampirism also engage in self-harm in order to obtain the blood.

Sexual sadism disorder
Sexual sadism disorder is the condition of experiencing sexual arousal in response to the pain, suffering or humiliation of other people. Several other terms are used to describe the condition, and it may overlap with other conditions that involve inflicting pain. It is distinct from situations in which consenting individuals use mild or simulated pain or humiliation for sexual excitement. The words sadism and sadist are derived from the French writer and libertine Marquis de Sade, who wrote several novels depicting sexualized torture and violence.
Tajul Ariffin Shah of Perak
Paduka Sri Sultan Tajul Ariffin ibni Almarhum Sultan Mansur Shah I (died 1594) was the fourth Sultan of Perak. He was the son of the second Sultan of Perak, Sultan Mansur Shah I and brother of the previous Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin Shah.

Sultan Tajul Ariffin resided in an area called Semat located between Manong and Kuala Kangsar. He ruled the Perak Sultanate for 10 years from 1584 until his death in 1594.

When Tajul Ariffin died, his body was buried in Pulau Semat, Kuala Kangsar and was known as Marhum Mangkat di Tebing. Next to his tomb, there is also the tomb of his wife Putri Ajaib. There is also not much information available about the life and reign of Sultan Tajul Ariffin.

Sultan of Perak
The Sultan of Perak (Malay: Sultan Perak, Jawi: سلطان ڤيراق) is the constitutional monarch and head of state of the Malaysian state of Perak. It is one of the oldest hereditary seats among the Malay states. The current Sultan of Perak, Sultan Nazrin Muizzuddin Shah, has been in office since 29 May 2014.

When the Malacca Sultanate fell to Portugal in 1511, Sultan Mahmud Shah retreated to Kampar, Sumatra, and died there in 1528. He left behind two princes, Alauddin Riayat Shah II and Muzaffar Shah. The former established the Sultanate of Johor. Muzaffar Shah was invited to rule Perak, of which he became the first sultan.
Reign of Marcus Aurelius
The reign of Marcus Aurelius began with his accession on 7 March 161 following the death of his adoptive father, Antoninus Pius, and ended with his own death on 17 March 180. Marcus first ruled jointly with his adoptive brother, Lucius Verus. They shared the throne until Lucius' death in 169. Marcus was succeeded by his son Commodus, who had been made co-emperor in 177.

Under Marcus, Rome fought the Roman–Parthian War of 161–66 and the Marcomannic Wars. The so-called Antonine plague occurred during his reign. In the last years of his rule, Marcus composed his personal writings on Stoic philosophy known as Meditations.

Germania Superior
Germania Superior  ("Upper Germania") was an imperial province of the Roman Empire. It comprised an area of today's western Switzerland, the French Jura and Alsace regions, and southwestern Germany. Important cities were Besançon (Vesontio), Strasbourg (Argentoratum), Wiesbaden (Aquae Mattiacae), and Germania Superior's capital, Mainz (Mogontiacum). It comprised the Middle Rhine, bordering on the Limes Germanicus, and on the Alpine province of Raetia to the south-east. Although it had been occupied militarily since the reign of Augustus, Germania Superior (along with Germania Inferior) was not made into an official province until c. 85 AD.
Master link
A master link or quick-release link is a roller chain accessory that allows convenient connection and disconnection of a chain without the need for a chain tool. It acts as a set of the chain's outer plates, so joining two sets of the chain's inner plate ends. Such master links may or may not be re-usable. A chain tool is nonetheless needed to adjust a chain's length, for example to shorten a new chain before connecting its ends. They are used on bicycles and motorcycles.

Roller chain
Roller chain  or bush roller chain is the type of chain drive most commonly used for transmission of mechanical power on many kinds of domestic, industrial and agricultural machinery, including conveyors, wire- and tube-drawing machines, printing presses, cars, motorcycles, and bicycles. It consists of a series of short cylindrical rollers held together by side links. It is driven by a toothed wheel called a sprocket.   It is a simple, reliable, and efficient means of power transmission.

Sketches by Leonardo da Vinci in the 16th century show a chain with a roller bearing. In 1800, James Fussell patented a roller chain on development of his balance lock and in 1880 Hans Renold patented a bush roller chain.
Louis Havet
Pierre Antoine Louis Havet (French: [avɛ]; 6 January 1849 – 26 January 1925) was a French Latinist and Hellenist, an expert on classical Greek and Latin poetry. He was the son of Ernest Havet.

He was professor at Collège de France, where between 1885 and 1925 he was chairman of the department of Latin philology. Beginning in 1893, he was a member of the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres. In 1917, he became the first vice-president of the Association Guillaume Budé.

He was a member of the central committee of the Human Rights League, which defended Alfred Dreyfus in the Dreyfus affair.

Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres
The Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres (French pronunciation: [akademi dez‿ɛ̃skʁipsjɔ̃ e bɛl lɛtʁ]) is a French learned society devoted to history, founded in February 1663 as one of the five academies of the Institut de France. The academy's scope is the study of ancient inscriptions (epigraphy), historical literature (see Belles-lettres) and the cultures of the civilizations of antiquity, the Middle Ages, and the classical period, as well as those of non-European civilizations.
John Andretti
John Andrew Andretti (March 12, 1963 – January 30, 2020) was an American professional race car driver. He won individual races in CART, IMSA GTP, Rolex Sports Car Series, and NASCAR during his career. A member of the Andretti racing family, he was the son of Aldo Andretti, older brother of racer Adam Andretti, nephew of Mario Andretti, and the cousin to CART drivers Michael and Jeff Andretti. He was also the first cousin once-removed of Marco Andretti.

Champ Car World Series
Champ Car World Series (CCWS) was an American open-wheel car racing series sanctioned by Open-Wheel Racing Series Inc., a sanctioning body that operated from 2004 to 2008. It was the successor to Championship Auto Racing Teams (CART), which sanctioned open-wheel racing from 1979 until dissolving after the 2003 season.
Privas
Privas (French pronunciation: [pʁiva] ⓘ; Occitan: Privàs [pɾiˈβas], also Catalan: [pɾiˈbas]) is a city located in France, in the department of Ardèche.

With its 8,538 inhabitants (2023), it is the least populated prefecture (capital of a department).

It was the location of the 1629 Siege of Privas. Today, Privas is known for the purée made from the local chestnuts, and for its sweetened marron glacé.

Prefectures in France
In France, a prefecture (French: préfecture, pronounced [pʁefɛktyʁ] ⓘ) may be:

the chef-lieu de département, the commune in which the administration of a department is located;

the chef-lieu de région, the commune in which the administration of a region is located;

the jurisdiction of a prefecture;

the official residence or headquarters of a prefect.

Although the administration of departments and regions is distinct, a regional prefect is ex officio prefect of the department in which the regional prefecture is located. The officeholder has authority upon the other prefects in the region on a range of matters.
Da'anshan Township
Da'anshan Township (Chinese: 大安山乡; pinyin: Dà'ānshān Xiāng) is a township located inside of Fangshan District, Beijing, China. It borders Zhaitang Town and Datai Subdistrict to its north, Fozizhuang Township to its southeast, and Shijiaying Township to its southwest. Its total population was 2,871 in the 2020 census.

The name Da'anshan (Chinese: 大安山; lit. 'Great Peace Mountain') originated in the late Tang dynasty, when warlord Liu Rengong constructed Da'an Emporium around this region.

Fangshan, Beijing
Fangshan District (Chinese: 房山区; pinyin: Fángshān Qū) is a district of the city of Beijing. It is situated in the southwest of Beijing, 38 km (24 mi) away from downtown Beijing. It has an area of 2,019 square kilometres (780 sq mi) and a population of 1,312,778 (2020 Census).

The district administers 8 subdistricts, 14 towns, and 6 townships.
Edward Sorin
Edward Frederick Sorin, C.S.C. (French: Édouard Sorin; February 6, 1814 – October 31, 1893) was a French-born Catholic priest of the Congregation of Holy Cross and the founder of the University of Notre Dame in Indiana and of St. Edward's University in Austin, Texas.

William Henry Elder
William Henry Elder (March 22, 1819 – October 31, 1904) was an American Catholic prelate who served as bishop of Natchez in Mississippi from 1857 to 1880 and as archbishop of Cincinnati in Ohio from 1883 until his death in 1904.
Canadian Naval Ensign
The Canadian Naval Ensign (French: pavillon naval canadien) is the flag worn at the stern or (optionally when at sea) at the gaff of His Majesty's Canadian Ships. The ensign is also the flag of the Royal Canadian Navy (RCN) and is used on land in this capacity.

The ensign consists of a white flag with the National Flag of Canada in the canton, and in the fly a navy blue emblem comprising an anchor, an eagle and a naval crown. The ensign's emblem is similar to the central device of the former RCN badge (which was redesigned in 2016), but replacing Saint Edward's Crown with a naval crown.

His Majesty's Canadian Ship
The designation His Majesty's Canadian Ship (HMCS; French: Navire canadien de Sa Majesté [NCSM]), is applied as a prefix to surface ships in the Royal Canadian Navy and Canadian Joint Operations Command. The similar designation of His Majesty's Canadian Submarine is applied to submarine vessels.
Élie de Poliakoff
Élie de Poliakoff (Russian: Илья Лазаревич Поляков) was a Russian-Jewish aristocrat and equestrian, who was regarded "among the best sportsmen in Paris". In May–June 1900, he competed in the equestrian events during the International Horse Show in Paris. The show was part of the Exposition Universelle, and the equestrian events were later classified as part of the 1900 Summer Olympics.

Poliakoff was born in Kharkiv, Russian Empire, in 1870. He had at least five brothers and two sisters. Élie de Poljakow was the son of banker Lazar Polyakov. He lived in Paris and died in 1942.

Lazar Polyakov
Lazar Solomonovich Polyakov (Russian: Ла́зарь Соломо́нович Поляко́в; 1843–1914) was a Russian entrepreneur. He founded his first bank in 1872 and by the 1890s owned an influential financial group; he was informally named "Rothschild of Moscow". His business collapsed in the early 1900s and was completely disbanded by 1909.
2023 Ivy League women's basketball tournament
The 2023 Ivy League women's basketball tournament was the postseason women's basketball tournament for the Ivy League of the 2022–23 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. It took place on March 10 and 11, 2023, at the Jadwin Gymnasium on the campus of Princeton University in Princeton, New Jersey. Princeton won its fourth Ivy League championship, earning an automatic bid to the 2023 NCAA Division I women's basketball tournament, the team's tenth appearance.

2023 NCAA Division I women's basketball tournament
The 2023 NCAA Division I women's basketball tournament was a single-elimination tournament of 68 teams to determine the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I college basketball national champion for the 2022–23 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The 41st edition of the tournament began on March 15, 2023, and concluded on April 2 with the championship game at the American Airlines Center in Dallas.

Atlantic 10 champion Saint Louis, Big Sky champion Sacramento State, Southland champion Southeastern Louisiana, and WAC champion Southern Utah made their NCAA debuts.
Wroughton
Wroughton is a large village and civil parish in northeast Wiltshire, England. It is part of the Borough of Swindon and lies along the A4361 between Swindon and Avebury; the road into Swindon crosses the M4 motorway between junctions 15 and 16. The village is about 3.2 miles (5.1 km) south of Swindon town centre on the edge of the Marlborough Downs, an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The town of Marlborough is about 11 miles (18 km) to the south, and the World Heritage Site at Avebury is about 7 miles (11 km) to the south.

The parish includes North Wroughton, formerly a small settlement on the road towards Swindon but now part of the built-up area; and the hamlets of Elcombe and Overtown.

Marlborough, Wiltshire
Marlborough (/ˈmɔːlbərə/ ⓘ MAWL-bər-ə, is a market town and civil parish in the English county of Wiltshire on the Old Bath Road, the old main road from London to Bath. The town is on the River Kennet, 24 miles (39 km) north of Salisbury and 10 miles (16 km) southeast of Swindon. In 2021 it had a population of 9129.
Pembridge Square
Pembridge Square is a residential square in the Bayswater area of London close to nearby Notting Hill. It is located in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea, just across the border from the City of Westminster to the east. It was laid out during the wider expansion of London into the area during the nineteenth century. Like Pembridge Gardens leading off it the south, it was constructed by the landowner Robert Hall and the builders Francis and William Radford and features stucco frontages. It was built between 1858 and 1864. Several buildings in the square are Grade II listed. It joins Moscow Road to the east, while Chepstow Place heads north from it to meet with Westbourne Grove.

Westbourne Grove
51°30′54.2″N 0°11′42.3″W﻿ / ﻿51.515056°N 0.195083°W﻿ / 51.515056; -0.195083

Westbourne Grove is a retail road running across Notting Hill, an area of west London. Its western end is in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea and its eastern end is in the City of Westminster; it runs from Kensington Park Road in the west to Queensway in the east, crossing over Portobello Road. It contains a mixture of independent and chain retailers, and has been termed both "fashionable" and "up-and-coming".

The Notting Hill Carnival passes along the central part of Westbourne Grove.
Kalay
Kalay (Burmese: ကလေး), also known as Kale, is one of the largest town in the Sagaing Region of Myanmar. It is located upstream from Mandalay and Monywa on the Myittha River, a tributary of the Chindwin River. The town is the district headquarters of the Kalay District. It has gained importance with trans border movement enabled between Myanmar and India following the 165 kilometres (103 mi) Tamu–Kalay section of India–Myanmar–Thailand Trilateral Highway built by the Border Roads Organization of India under the Look-East Connectivity policy. Consequently, Kalay is now one of the fastest developing towns in Myanmar.

Chin people
The Chin peoples (Burmese: ချင်းလူမျိုး, MLCTS: hkyang: lu. myui:, pronounced [tɕɪ́ɰ̃ lù mjó]) are collection of ethnic groups native to the Chin State, Myanmar that speak the Kuki-Chin-Mizo languages, which are closely related but mutually unintelligible. The Chin identity, as a pan-ethnic identity, is a modern construction, shaped by British rule and post-independence ethnic politics that has built upon older tribal and regional identities.
Gokayama
Gokayama (Japanese: 五箇山) is an area within the city of Nanto in Toyama Prefecture, Japan. It has been inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List due to its traditional gasshō-zukuri houses, alongside nearby Shirakawa-gō in Gifu Prefecture. The survival of this traditional architectural style is attributed to the region's secluded location in the upper reaches of the Shōgawa river. This is also the reason that Gokayama's lifestyle and culture remained very traditional for many years after the majority of the country had modernized. Many of the houses surpass 300 years in age.

The Gokayama region includes the former villages of Taira, Kamitaira, and Toga. The gasshō hamlet of Ainokura is located in Taira, while that of Suganuma is in Kamitaira; both are nationally designated Historic Sites.

Kamitaira, Toyama
Kamitaira (上平村, Kamitaira-mura) was a village located in Higashitonami District, Toyama Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the village had an estimated population of 956 and a density of 10.09 persons per km2. The total area was 94.77 km2.

In the early 16th century, a monk named Dōshū spread the Jōdo Shinshū. A valuable old document left by Doshu still remains at Gyotokuji Temple.

On November 1, 2004, Kamitaira, along with the towns of Fukuno, Inami and Jōhana, the villages of Inokuchi, Taira and Toga (all from Higashitonami District), and the town of Fukumitsu (from Nishitonami District), was merged to create the city of Nanto.

The World Heritage Suganuma village is located in Kamitaira village.  Kamitaira is one of the three villages of the Gokayama region, famous for the World Heritage gassho houses.  The traditional culture of Gokayama is extremely well preserved, especially the traditional dance, the Kokiriko.
2006 Porsche Carrera Cup Germany
The 2006 Porsche Carrera Cup Deutschland season was the 21st German Porsche Carrera Cup season. It began on 9 April at Hockenheim and finished on 29 October at the same circuit, after nine rounds. It ran as a support championship for the 2006 DTM season. Dirk Werner won the championship beating Uwe Alzen by 11 points.

2006 Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters
The 2006 Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters was the twentieth season of premier German touring car championship and also seventh season under the moniker of Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters since the series was resumed in 2000. The number of race weekends was reduced, from eleven in 2005, to ten for the 2006 season. Each track hosted one race, with the exception of Hockenheim, which hosted two. As in 2005, each event consisted of one race of approximately one hour, with two compulsory pit stops for each car. The Championship was won by Bernd Schneider driving an AMG-Mercedes C-Klasse 2006 for the HWA Team. Team Rosberg returned to the series after one-year absence and thus switched to Audi Sport machinery.
Stefan Weidner
Stefan Weidner (born 1967 in Cologne) is a German scholar of Islamic cultures, writer, and translator. Due to his contributions to the reception of Arabic and other Middle Eastern literatures, the German scholar of Modern Oriental Studies Stefan Wild described him as a "leading mediator of Middle Eastern poetry and prose into German".

Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung
The Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (German: [ˈfʁaŋkfʊʁtɐ ʔalɡəˈmaɪnə ˈtsaɪtʊŋ]; FAZ; "Frankfurt General Newspaper") is a German newspaper founded in 1949. It is published daily in Frankfurt and is considered a newspaper of record for Germany. Its Sunday edition is the Frankfurter Allgemeine Sonntagszeitung ([- ˈzɔntaːksˌtsaɪtʊŋ]; FAS).

The paper runs its own network of correspondents. Its editorial policy is not determined by a single editor, but cooperatively by four editors.