hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dörnhof Castle
The burgstall of Dörnhof Castle is the site of a demolished, medieval lowland castle situated at a height of 400 m above sea level (NHN) in the vicinity of Dörnhof Farm near the village of Dörnhof, part of Gräfenberg in the county of Forchheim in the German state of Bavaria.

In 1502 the castle is mentioned as Dürnhoff in an uncompleted deed of purchase between Nuremberg citizens, Hans Helchner and Sebald Tucher. On 13 December 1505 Durnhof was sold by Hans Helchner jun. as a freehold possession with its estate to the city of Nuremberg. The seat was last mentioned in 1547. It was probably destroyed in 1553 during the Second Margrave War.

Of the former castle, which was laid out on a triangular site, the only surviving remains are high retaining walls on the downhill side of the smallholding and traces of a neck ditch on the uphill side.

Smallholding
A smallholding or smallholder is a small farm operating under a small-scale agriculture model. Definitions vary widely for what constitutes a smallholder or small-scale farm, including factors such as size, food production technique or technology, involvement of family in labor and economic impact. Smallholder farms are often defined as those operating on less than two hectares of land.

The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) estimates that there are roughly 500 million smallholder farms – those covering less than two hectares – which account for about 85 percent of all farms globally but manage only around 9 percent of the world’s agricultural land.
Anton Graff
Anton Graff (18 November 1736 – 22 June 1813) was a Swiss portrait artist.

Among his famous subjects were Friedrich Schiller, Christoph Willibald Gluck, Heinrich von Kleist, Frederick the Great, Friederike Sophie Seyler, Johann Gottfried Herder, Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, Moses Mendelssohn and Christian Felix Weiße. His pupils included Emma Körner, Philipp Otto Runge and Karl Ludwig Kaaz.

Christian Felix Weiße
Christian Felix Weiße (1726–1804) was a German writer and pedagogue. Weiße was among the leading representatives of the Enlightenment in Germany and is regarded as the founder of German children's literature.
Nicasio Álvarez de Sotomayor
Nicasio Álvarez de Sotomayor (1900–1936) was a Spanish falangist politician and member of the Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT). He was alcalde of the Province of Cáceres in Extremadura under the Second Spanish Republic. After the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War, he was executed by the Nationalists in the White Terror (Spain).

Alcalde
Alcalde (/ælˈkældi/; Spanish: [alˈkalðe]) is the traditional Spanish municipal magistrate, who had both judicial and administrative functions. An alcalde was, in the absence of a corregidor, the presiding officer of the Castilian cabildo (the municipal council) and judge of first instance of a town.  Alcaldes were elected annually, without the right to reelection for two or three years, by the regidores (council members) of the municipal council. The office of the alcalde was signified by a staff of office, which they were to take with them when doing their business. A woman who holds the office is termed an alcaldesa.

In New Spain (Mexico), alcaldes mayores were chief administrators in colonial-era administrative territories termed alcaldías mayores; in colonial-era Peru the units were called corregimientos.

Alcalde was also a title given to Indigenous (Native American) leaders inside the Spanish missions, who performed a large variety of duties for the Franciscan missionaries.
Sitaq
Sitaq (Quechua, Hispanicized spelling Citac) is a mountain in the Chunta mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about 5,304 metres (17,402 ft) high. It is located in the Huancavelica Region, Huancavelica Province, on the border of the districts Acobambilla and Nuevo Occoro. The ridge of Sitaq, formed like a semicircle, lies west of the lake Tipiqucha.

Department of Huancavelica
Huancavelica (Spanish pronunciation: [waŋkaβeˈlika] ⓘ; Quechua: Wankawillka) is a department of Peru. It is bordered by the departments of Lima and Ica in the west, Junín in the north, and Ayacucho in the east. It has an area of 22,131.47 km2 (8,545.01 sq mi) and a population of 347,639 (2017 census). It is administered by a regional government. Its capital is the city of Huancavelica.
Tephritoidea
The Tephritoidea are a superfamily of flies. It has over 7,800 species, the majority of them in family Tephritidae.

The following families are included:

Ctenostylidae

Eurygnathomyiidae

Lonchaeidae - lance flies

Pallopteridae — flutter flies

Piophilidae — skippers

Platystomatidae — signal flies

Pyrgotidae

Richardiidae

Tephritidae — fruit flies

Ulidiidae (Otitidae) — picture-winged flies

The Tachiniscinae, formerly ranked as the family Tachiniscidae, are now included in the Tephritidae.

Pallopteridae
Pallopteridae is a family of flies. The various species are collectively called flutter-wing flies, trembling-wing, or waving-wing flies, because of the striking vibration of the wings in many species. Over 70 species in about 15 genera are found in the temperate regions of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.
Seattle Stock Exchange
The Seattle Stock Exchange was a regional stock exchange in the northwest United States, located in Seattle, Washington. It began operations on March 14, 1927, merged with the Seattle Curb and Mining Exchange on October 1, 1935, and closed on October 1, 1942.

In 1929 and 1930, stocks traded on the exchange included Carnation, the Dexter Horton National Bank and Seattle National Bank, Fisher Flouring Mill Co., Van de Kamp's Holland Dutch Bakeries, and Puget Sound Power & Light. Bonds traded included those of the W.E. Boeing Company, Seattle Times Company, the Northern Life Tower, Puget Sound Navigation Company, and the Olympic Hotel.

Van de Kamp's Holland Dutch Bakeries
Van de Kamp's Holland Dutch Bakeries was a brand of breads and assorted pastry products, frozen fish entrees, and prepared dinners formerly owned by General Baking plus a regional chain of regional bakery/restaurants. Established by one of the founders of both Los Angeles' iconic Tam O'Shanter Inn and the Lawry's restaurant chain and seasoned salt empire, it went bankrupt in 1990.
Cavanagh v Ulster Weaving Co Ltd
Cavanaugh v. Ulster Weaving Ltd., (1960) A.C. 145 and A.C. (1959) 2 All E.R. (H.L.) is a legal judgment in a tort case decided by the Judicial Committee of the House of Lords, clarifying the test for negligence by finding  that evidence of trade practices is insufficient to prove absence of negligence of employer's duties on the facts.

An employer's duty towards its employees was expressed by Lord Somervell of Harrow as follows: "put in its simplest terms the general scope of the duty of an employer is a duty to take reasonable care in all circumstances."

Judgment (law)
In law, a judgment is a decision of a court regarding the rights and liabilities of parties in a legal action or proceeding. Judgments also generally provide the court's explanation of why it has chosen to make a particular court order.

Speakers of British English tend to use the term at the appellate level as synonymous with judicial opinion. American English speakers prefer to maintain a clear distinction between the opinion of an appellate court (setting forth reasons for the disposition of an appeal) and the judgment of an appellate court (the pronouncement of the disposition itself).

In Canadian English, the phrase "reasons for judgment" is often used interchangeably with "judgment," although the former refers to the court's justification of its judgment while the latter refers to the final court order regarding the rights and liabilities of the parties.
John H. Goodenow
John Holmes Goodenow (25 September 1833 – 29 July 1906) was an American politician from Maine. Goodenow, a resident of Alfred, Maine, served one term in the Maine House of Representatives (1859) and two terms in the Maine Senate (1861-1862). During both terms in the Maine Senate, Goodenow was elected Senate President. His father, Daniel Goodenow was a Whig politician and two-time Maine Attorney General and Associate Justice of the Maine Supreme Judicial Court.

John Holmes Goodenow eventually became consul-general to the Ottoman Empire in Constantinopole when he was appointed by President Abraham Lincoln. He replaced fellow Maine State Senator Charles Goddard.

Goodenow was a lawyer and graduate of Bowdoin College.

Maine Senate
44°18′26″N 69°46′54″W﻿ / ﻿44.307138°N 69.781586°W﻿ / 44.307138; -69.781586

The Maine Senate is the upper house of the Maine Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Maine. The Senate currently consists of 35 members representing an equal number of districts across the state, though the Maine Constitution allows for "an odd number of Senators, not less than 31 nor more than 35". Unlike the lower House, the Senate does not set aside nonvoting seats for Native tribes.  Because it is a part-time position, members of the Maine Senate usually have outside employment as well.

The Senate meets at the Maine State House in Augusta. Members are limited to four consecutive terms with each term being two years but may run again after a two-year wait.
Grammy Award for Best American Roots Performance
The Grammy Award for Best American Roots Performance is an award category at the annual Grammy Awards. It was first presented in 2015.

The award was first approved by the board of trustees of the Grammy Awards in June 2014. According to NARAS, the award encompasses all of the subgenres of the American Roots category field, which include bluegrass, blues, folk and regional roots styles of music such as Cajun, Hawaiian, Indigenous, Polka, Zydeco, go-go, second line brass, swamp pop, and Conjunto music. The category is open for solo artists, duos, groups and other collaborations and is for singles or tracks only. It was joined by a sister category, Best Americana Performance, in 2023.

The Grammy is awarded to the performer(s) of the winning recording.

Conjunto
The term conjunto (Spanish pronunciation: [koŋˈxunto], literally 'group', 'ensemble') refers to several types of small musical ensembles present in different Latin American musical traditions, mainly in Mexico and Cuba. While Mexican conjuntos play styles such as norteño and tejano, Cuban conjuntos specialize in the son, as well as its derivations such as salsa.
St. Methodius Peak
St. Methodius Peak (Bulgarian: връх Св. Методий, romanized: vrah Sv. Metodiy, IPA: [ˈvrɤx svɛˈti mɛˈtɔdij]) rises to approximately 1,180m in Friesland Ridge, Tangra Mountains, Livingston Island, Antarctica and surmounts Ruen Icefall to the north-northwest, Prespa Glacier to the southeast and Charity Glacier to the southwest.  Linked to St. Cyril Peak by Vladaya Saddle.

The peak is named after St. Methodius (815-885 AD).

Livingston Island
Livingston Island (Russian name Smolensk, 62°36′S 60°30′W﻿ / ﻿62.600°S 60.500°W﻿ / -62.600; -60.500) is an Antarctic island in the Southern Ocean, part of the South Shetlands Archipelago, a group of Antarctic islands north of the Antarctic Peninsula. It was the first land discovered south of 60° south latitude in 1819, a historic event that marked the end of a centuries-long pursuit of the mythical Terra Australis Incognita and the beginning of the exploration and utilization of real Antarctica. The name Livingston, although of unknown derivation, has been well established in international usage since the early 1820s.
John Creighton (Nova Scotia politician)
John Creighton (1794 – March 16, 1878) was an English-born lawyer and political figure in Nova Scotia. He represented Lunenburg in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1830 to 1836, from 1838 to 1847 and from 1851 to 1856.

He was born in Somersetshire, the son of John Creighton, Jr. and the grandson of John Creighton, one of the first settlers at Lunenburg. Creighton came to Halifax at a young age, where he studied law with Lewis Morris Wilkins and was admitted to practice as an attorney in 1816. In 1821, he was named a Queen's Counsel and served as Crown Prosecutor. In 1859, he was named to the province's Legislative Council. Creighton was named president for the Council in 1875 and served until his death in Lunenburg three years later.

Legislative Council of Nova Scotia
The Legislative Council of Nova Scotia was the upper house of the legislature of the Canadian province of Nova Scotia.  It existed from 1838 to May 31, 1928. From the establishment of responsible government in 1848, members were appointed by the lieutenant governor of Nova Scotia on the advice of the premier.
Samuele Pace
Samuele Pace (Ponte dell'Olio, 20 January 1980) is a retired Italian rugby union player and his usual position was Wing.

In 2012–13 Pro12 season, he played for Zebre.

In 2009 and 2010 Pace was named in the Italy A squad for IRB Nations Cup and he represented Italy on 3 occasions, from 2001 to 2005.

Italy A national rugby union team
The Italy A national rugby union team (Italian: Nazionale A di rugby a 15 dell'Italia, also known as Italia Emergenti which means Italy Emerging Players, Italia XV or Italia Under 23) are the second national rugby union team in Italy after the national side.

They competed in the Six Nations "A" from 2000 to 2003, in the IRB Nations Cup from 2006 until 2013, except in 2011 when they played the Churchill Cup. They have also participated in the IRB Tbilisi Cup in 2014.

From 2016 to 2018 it played in the World Rugby Nations Cup.
Church of Our Lady of the Conception of Comandaroba
The Church of Our Lady of the Conception of Comandaroba (Portuguese: Igreja de Nossa Senhora da Conceição de Comandaroba, or simply the Igreja de Comandaroba) is an 18th-century Roman Catholic church in Laranjeiras, Sergipe, Brazil. It was established by the Jesuits and was passed to the Carmelite order after its construction. It is dedicated to Our Lady of the Conception and is owned by the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Aracaju. The church was listed as a historic structure by National Institute of Historic and Artistic Heritage (IPHAN) in 1941.

Archdiocese of Aracaju
The Roman Catholic Metropolitan Archdiocese of Aracaju (Latin: Archidioecesis Metropolitae Aracaiuensis) is a Latin Metropolitan archdiocese in the State of Sergipe, northeastern Brazil. Its cathedral archiepiscopal see is Our Lady of the Conception Cathedral (Catedral Metropolitana Nossa Senhora da Conceiçao), dedicated to Our Lady of Immaculate Conception, in the city of Aracaju. Two World Heritage Sites are owned by the Archdiocese in São Cristóvão, Sergipe: the Misericórdia Hospital and Church (Igreja de Santa Casa de Misericórdia) and the Church and Convent of Santa Cruz, also known as the Church and Convent of Saint Francis.
37th General Assembly of Prince Edward Island
The 37th General Assembly of Prince Edward Island was in session from March 7, 1912, to August 21, 1915. The Conservative Party, led by John Alexander Mathieson formed the government.

J. Edward Wyatt was elected speaker.

There were four sessions of the 37th General Assembly:

Progressive Conservative Party of Prince Edward Island
The Progressive Conservative Party of Prince Edward Island (PEIPC) is one of three major political parties on Prince Edward Island. The party and its rival, the Prince Edward Island Liberal Party, have alternated in power since responsible government was granted in 1851.
Stavros, Chania
Stavros (Greek: Σταυρός, Stavrós) is a village and beach in the Akrotiri district of the city of Chania, Crete, Greece and had a population of 543 (2021). It is part of the community  Kounoupidiana. The beach was the location where in 1964 Michael Cacoyannis filmed the famous beach dancing scene in the movie Zorba the Greek with Anthony Quinn.

Akrotiri district

Anthony Quinn as Zorba

35°35′17″N 24°05′28″E﻿ / ﻿35.588°N 24.091°E﻿ / 35.588; 24.091

Zorba the Greek
Zorba the Greek (Βίος και Πολιτεία του Αλέξη Ζορμπά, Latin: Víos kai Politeía tou Aléxē Zorbá, Life and Times of Alexis Zorbas) is a novel written by Nikos Kazantzakis, first published in 1946. It is the tale of a young Greek intellectual who ventures to escape his bookish life with the aid of the boisterous and mysterious Alexis Zorba. The novel was adapted into the successful 1964 film of the same name directed by Michael Cacoyannis, as well as a stage musical and a BBC radio play.
Buckley, Michigan
Buckley is a village in Wexford County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 775 at the 2020 census, an increase from 697 at the 2010 census. The village is located within Hanover Township, and lies immediately south of the Grand Traverse County line. The village lies about 6.5 miles (10.5 km) north of Mesick, about 20 miles (32 km) northwest of Cadillac, and about 15 miles (24 km) south of Traverse City.

Cadillac, Michigan
Cadillac (/ˈkædəlæk/ KAD-ə-lak) is a city in and county seat of Wexford County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 10,371 at the 2020 census, making it the second most-populated city in the Northern Michigan region, after Traverse City.

Cadillac was settled as early as 1871 and formerly known as the village of Clam Lake before incorporating as a city in 1877. The city is located upon the shores of Lake Cadillac, connected by the Clam Lake Canal to Lake Mitchell. The Clam River, which begins in Cadillac, is part of the Muskegon River watershed. Cadillac is the junction of three major highways: US Highway 131, M-55, and M-115. The geographic center of Michigan is approximately five miles (8.0 km) north-northwest of Cadillac. Cadillac is the primary city of the Cadillac micropolitan area, which includes all of Wexford County and Missaukee County to the east, and had population of 48,725 at the 2020 census.
Museum of Counterfeit Goods
The Tilleke & Gibbins Museum of Counterfeit Goods is a museum  focused on intellectual property infringement in Yan Nawa District, Bangkok, Thailand. It is operated by Tilleke & Gibbins, a law firm with offices in Thailand and Vietnam. In the firm's Bangkok office on the 26th floor of Supalai Grand Tower, the museum is home to a variety of counterfeit and infringed goods that the firm has accumulated in its work.

The museum receives over a thousand visitors each year. Local and international newspapers and magazines such as the Christian Science Monitor and Time magazine have published articles on the Tilleke & Gibbins museum.

Yan Nawa district
Yan Nawa or Yannawa (Thai: ยานนาวา, pronounced [jāːn nāːwāː]) is one of the 50 districts (khet) of Bangkok, Thailand. The district is bounded by (clockwise from west to northeast) Rat Burana (across Chao Phraya River), Bang Kho Laem, Sathon, and Khlong Toei Districts of Bangkok. Its neighbor from east to south is Phra Pradaeng district of Samut Prakan province.
Gold mining in Western Australia
Gold mining in Western Australia is the third largest commodity sector in Western Australia (WA), behind iron ore and LNG, with a value of A$17 billion in 2021–22. The 6.9 million troy ounces (214 tonnes) sold during this time period was the highest amount in 20 years and accounted for almost 70 percent of all gold sold in Australia.

Gold mining in Western Australia dates back to the 1880s but became a significant industry in the 1890s, following gold discoveries at Coolgardie in 1892 and Kalgoorlie in 1893. It reached an early peak in 1903, experienced a revival in the 1930s and a further revival in the 1980s. Between, the industry declined a number of times, such as during the two world wars, experiencing an absolute low point in 1976.

Boddington gold mine
The Boddington gold mine is a gold and copper mine located 13 km (8.1 mi) northwest of Boddington, Western Australia. The mine is within the Saddleback Greenstone Belt, an Archaean structure in the southwestern Yilgarn craton.

Officially reopened on 3 February 2010, the mine is Australia's biggest producing gold mine by 2022. eclipsing the Super Pit. In the 2018 financial year, Boddington gold mine produced 709 thousand troy ounces (22.1 tonnes) of gold and 77 million pounds (35 thousand tonnes) of copper.: 43  Reserves at 31 December 2018 were reported as 12.4 million troy ounces (390 tonnes) of gold and 1,250 million pounds (570 thousand tonnes) of copper.: 43  At 2018 production rates, this equates to reserves for 17.5 years of gold production and 16.2 years of copper production. That is, until 27 June 2036 and 26 March 2035 respectively. The mine buys 15 years of power from the 222 MW Collgar Wind Farm.
2013 Sylvania 300
The 2013 Sylvania 300 was a NASCAR Sprint Cup Series stock car race held on September 22, 2013, at  New Hampshire Motor Speedway in Loudon, New Hampshire. Contested over 300 laps, it was the twenty-eighth in the 2013 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series, as well as the second race in the ten-race Chase for the Sprint Cup, which ends the season. Matt Kenseth of Joe Gibbs Racing won the race, his seventh of the season. Kyle Busch finished second. Greg Biffle, Jimmie Johnson, and Jamie McMurray rounded out the top five.

Jamie McMurray
James Christopher McMurray (born June 3, 1976), nicknamed "Jamie Mac", is an American former professional stock car racing driver and currently an analyst for Fox NASCAR and NASCAR on The CW. He raced in the NASCAR Cup Series on a full-time basis from 2003 to 2018 before shifting to a Daytona 500-only schedule in 2019 and 2021.

McMurray earned his first win in just his second career start in October 2002. He is also known for winning the 2010 Daytona 500 for Chip Ganassi Racing, and is one of only three drivers to win both the Daytona 500 and Brickyard 400 in the same year.
Ogun
Ogun or Ogoun (Yoruba: Ògún, Portuguese: Ogum, Gu; also spelled Oggun; known as Ogou in Haiti and Louisiana and Ogún or Ogum in Latin America) is a Yoruba Orisha that is adopted in several African religions.  Ògún is a warrior and a powerful orisha of metal work, as well as of rum and rum-making. He is also known as the "god of iron and war" and is present in Yoruba religion, Santería, Haitian Vodou, West African Vodun, Candomblé, Umbanda and the folk religion of the Gbe people.
According to some legends, as a human, he attempted to seize the throne of Ife Empire after the demise of Ọbàtálá, who reigned twice, before and after Oduduwa, but was ousted by Obalufon Ogbogbodirin and sent on an exile — an event that serves as the core of the Ọlọ́jọ́ Festival.

African traditional religions
The beliefs and practices of African people are highly diverse, and include various ethnic religions. Generally, these traditions are oral rather than scriptural and are passed down from one generation to another through narratives, songs, myths, and festivals. They include beliefs in spirits and higher and lower gods, sometimes including a supreme being, as well as the veneration of the dead, use of magic, and traditional African medicine. Most religions can be described as animistic with various polytheistic and pantheistic aspects. The role of humanity is generally seen as one of harmonizing nature with the supernatural.