hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Oranjeville
Oranjeville is a small town situated on the banks of the Wilge River in the Free State province of South Africa.

The town is on the southern bank of the Vaal Dam, 14 kilometres (9 mi) south-east of Deneysville and 46 kilometres (29 mi) north-east of Heilbron. It takes its name from the Orange Free State, Oranje-Vrystaat in Afrikaans.

It was established as a stop-over for wagoners travelling between Heilbron, Frankfort and Vereeniging. The main road passing through the town is the R716 road, called Scott Street in Oranjeville.

Wilge River
The Wilge River (Afrikaans: Wilgerivier, meaning "willow river") is a tributary of the Vaal River in central South Africa. This river is important as part of the Tugela-Vaal Water Transfer Scheme where water is transferred from the Tugela River basin to the Vaal River basin.

The largemouth yellowfish is present in the waters of the Wilge River, reaching quite a large size.
Tarek Salem
Tarek Salem (Arabic: طَارِق سَالِم; born July 26, 1986) is an Egyptian professional footballer who plays as a striker for the Egyptian club El Raja SC. In 2016, he moved from Al-Ittihad to El Raja SC in a E£900,000 transfer.

Egyptian pound
The Egyptian pound (Egyptian Arabic: جنيه مصرى [ɡeˈneː ˈmɑsˤri, ˈɡeni-]; abbreviations: £, E£, £E, LE, or EGP in Latin, and ج.م. in Arabic,  ISO code: EGP) is the official currency of Egypt. It is divided into 100 piastres, (or qirsh, قرش [ʔerʃ]; plural قروش [ʔʊˈruːʃ]; abbreviation: PT, short for "piastre tarif") and was historically divided into 1,000 milliemes (مليم  [mælˈliːm]; French: millième, abbreviated to m or mill).

Since July 6, 2022, the 10- and 20-pound notes have been made out of polymer plastic paper.
Aroga flavicomella
Aroga flavicomella is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It is found in most of Europe, except Ireland, Great Britain, the Benelux, Denmark, Fennoscandia, the Baltic region, Portugal and the western and southern part of the Balkan Peninsula. It has also been recorded from Turkey, the Middle East, Mongolia, Korea and Central Asia, including Kyrgyzstan.

The wingspan is 15–17 mm. Adults are on wing from May to June.

The larvae feed on Prunus spinosa, Prunus domestica and Prunus cerasus. They feed from within tied together leaves. Larvae can be found from fall to April.

Fennoscandia
Fennoscandia (Finnish, Swedish and Norwegian: Fennoskandia; Russian: Фенноскандия, romanized: Fennoskandiya), Fenno-Scandinavia, or the Fennoscandian Peninsula, is a peninsula in Europe which includes the Scandinavian and Kola peninsulas, mainland Finland, and Karelia. Administratively, this roughly encompasses the mainlands of Finland, Norway and Sweden, as well as Murmansk Oblast, the Republic of Karelia, and parts of northern Leningrad Oblast in Russia.
Martin Kay
Martin Kay (1935 – 7 August 2021) was a British computer scientist, known especially for his work in computational linguistics.

Born and raised in the United Kingdom, he received his M.A. from Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1961. In 1958 he started to work at the Cambridge Language Research Unit, one of the earliest centres for research in what is now known as Computational Linguistics. In 1961, he moved to the Rand Corporation in Santa Monica, California, US, where he eventually became head of research in linguistics and machine translation. He left Rand in 1972 to become Chair of the Department of Computer Science at the University of California, Irvine. In 1974, he moved to the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center as a Research Fellow. In 1985, while retaining his position at Xerox PARC, he joined the faculty of Stanford University half-time. He was most recently Professor of Linguistics at Stanford University and Honorary Professor of Computational Linguistics at Saarland University.

University of Gothenburg
The University of Gothenburg (Swedish: Göteborgs universitet) is a public university in Gothenburg, Sweden. Founded in 1891, the university is the third-oldest of the current Swedish universities and, with 53,624 students and 6,707 staff members, it is one of the largest universities in the Nordic countries.
José Gregorio Suárez
José Gregorio Suárez Moreira (1813–1879) was a Uruguayan lieutenant colonel and politician who participated in the Uruguayan Civil War, the Paraguayan War and other conflicts throughout the 19th century. He was known for his service during the Battle of Pedernal and the Battle of Estero Bellaco.

Siege of Paysandú
The  siege of Paysandú began on 3 December 1864, during the Uruguayan War, when Brazilian forces (under the Marquis of Tamandaré) and Colorado forces (under Venancio Flores) attempted to capture the city of Paysandú in Uruguay from its Uruguayan Army defenders.  The siege ended on 2 January 1865, when the Brazilian and Colorado forces conquered the town.
Armenian dress
The Armenian Taraz (Armenian: տարազ, taraz;), also known as Armenian traditional clothing, reflects a rich cultural tradition. Wool and fur were used by the Armenians along with the cotton that was grown in the fertile valleys. In Urartu, silk imported from China was used by royalty. Later, Armenians cultivated silkworms and produced their own silk.

Syunik (historical province)
Syunik (Old Armenian: Սիւնիք, romanized: Siwnik') was a region of historical Armenia and the ninth province (nahang) of the Kingdom of Armenia from 189 BC until 428 AD. From the 7th to 9th centuries, it fell under Arab control. In 821, it formed two Armenian principalities: Kingdom of Syunik and principality of Khachen, which around the year 1000 was proclaimed the Kingdom of Artsakh, becoming one of the last medieval eastern Armenian kingdoms and principalities to maintain its autonomy following the Turkic invasions of the 11th to 14th centuries.
Laurent David
Laurent David (born 9 January 1971) is a French football manager and former player who manages Les Herbiers VF. A midfielder, he played in Ligue 1 for Martigues and in Ligue 2 for Brest, Sedan, Mulhouse, Beauvais, Amiens and Grenoble.

CS Sedan Ardennes
Club Sportif Sedan Ardennes, commonly referred to as CS Sedan or simply Sedan (French pronunciation: [sədɑ̃]), is a football club based in Sedan, France. The club was formed in 1919 and plays its home matches at the Stade Louis Dugauguez located within the city. Despite finishing 7th in the Championnat National at the end of the 2022–23 season, the club was relegated to the Régional 3 (8th tier) due to financial problems.
Aki Parviainen
Aki Uolevi Parviainen (born 26 October 1974) is a retired Finnish track and field athlete who competed in the javelin throw. He won the gold medal at the 1999 World Championships and the silver medal at the 2001 World Championships. His best throw of 93.09 m, set in 1999, is the Finnish record and ranks him fourth on the overall list. His best Olympic placing was fifth, which he achieved in 2000.

In the spring of 2006, Parviainen announced his retirement due to injuries.

Athletics at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Men's javelin throw
The Men's Javelin Throw at the 2000 Summer Olympics as part of the athletics program was held at the Olympic Stadium on Friday, 22 September and Saturday, 23 September.

The qualifying athletes progressed through to the final where the qualifying distances are scrapped and they start afresh with up to six throws. The qualifying distance was 83.00 metres. For all qualifiers who did not achieve the standard, the remaining spaces in the final were filled by the longest throws until a total of 12 qualifiers.
Silent Bob Speaks
Silent Bob Speaks: The Collected Writings of Kevin Smith is a collection of essays written by screenwriter, director, and comic book author Kevin Smith.  The collection comes from sources including Arena Magazine, Details, New Jersey Monthly, and Film Comment. Topics range from polemic assaults on pop culture figures to reflections on Spider-Man and his diagnosis with morbid obesity.

The book features interviews with Tom Cruise and Ben Affleck as well as reports written during the production of his films Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back and Jersey Girl.

Lincoln Cho wrote a positive review on this book.

Screenwriting
Screenwriting or scriptwriting is the art and craft of writing scripts for mass media such as feature films, television productions or video games. It is often a freelance profession.

Screenwriters are responsible for researching the story, developing the narrative, writing the script, screenplay, dialogues and delivering it, in the required format, to development executives. Screenwriters therefore have great influence over the creative direction and emotional impact of the screenplay and, arguably, of the finished film.

Screenwriters either pitch original ideas to producers, in the hope that they will be optioned or sold; or are commissioned by a producer to create a screenplay from a concept or true story, or adapt one from an existing screen work or literary work, such as a novel, poem, play, comic book, or short story.
Lawrence Sia
Lawrence Sia Khoon Seong (born 10 November 1932) is a former Singaporean teacher, trade unionist and politician. Sia was the president of the Singapore Teachers' Union from 1971, before being expelled in 2003. He also served as Member of Parliament for Moulmein from 1968 to 1991, and spoke about issues, such as education. In addition, Sia was deputy secretary-general of the National Trades Union Congress from 1970 to 1999.

Ministry of Education (Singapore)
The Ministry of Education (MOE; Malay: Kementerian Pendidikan; Chinese: 教育部; Tamil: கல்வி அமைச்சு) is a ministry of the Government of Singapore responsible for the formulation and implementation of policies related to the education in Singapore.
Oath Against Modernism
The Oath Against Modernism was a formal oath instituted by Pope Pius X in his motu proprio Sacrorum antistitum on September 1, 1910. The oath was required of "all clergy, pastors, confessors, preachers, religious superiors, and professors in philosophical-theological seminaries" of the Catholic Church. It remained in force until the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, with the approval of Paul VI, replaced it (along with the Tridentine Profession of Faith) with a revised profession of faith in 1967.

The oath marked the culmination of Pius X's campaign against the theological movement of Modernism, which he analyzed and denounced as heretical in his 1907 encyclicals Pascendi Dominici gregis and Lamentabili sane exitu.

The Oath Against Modernism is still pronounced by the Society of Saint Pius X, and sedeprivationist and sedevacantist groups such as the Congregation of Mary Immaculate Queen and the Istituto Mater Boni Consilii.

Motu proprio
In law, motu proprio (Latin for 'on his own impulse') describes an official act taken without a formal request from another party. Some jurisdictions use the term sua sponte for the same concept.

In Catholic canon law, it refers to a document issued by the pope on his own initiative and personally signed by him. Such a document may be addressed to the whole church, to part of it, or to some individuals. The first papal motu proprio was promulgated by Pope Innocent VIII in 1484. It continues to be a common form of papal rescript, especially when establishing institutions, making minor changes to law or procedure, and when granting favours to persons or institutions.
Three Mile Point
Three Mile Point also known as Wild Rose Point is a geographic cape extending into Otsego Lake in the Town of Otsego in Otsego County in the U.S. State of New York. It is located north of the Village of Cooperstown and is accessible via State Route 80. In the summer months it is also a public swimming beach and offers changing rooms, a picnic area, and a pavilion. In the winter months it serves as a place for ice fishers to park.

Cape (geography)
In geography, a cape is a headland, peninsula or promontory extending into a body of water, usually a sea. A cape usually represents a marked change in trend of the coastline, often making them important landmarks in sea navigation. This also makes them prone to natural forms of erosion, mainly tidal actions, resulting in a relatively short geological lifespan.
Janet Yang Rohr
Janet Yang Rohr, is an American politician, representing the 41st District, serving the Naperville, Warrenville, and Bolingbrook, in the Illinois House of Representatives. She began her first term in January 2021 as a part of the 102nd General Assembly.

Warrenville, Illinois
Warrenville is a city in DuPage County, Illinois, United States. The population was 15,195 at the 2024 special census. Warrenville is a far west suburb of Chicago on the DuPage River. It is part of the Illinois Technology and Research Corridor, and is just north of I-88.
Francis Rose
Francis Rose MBE (29 September 1921 – 15 July 2006) was an English field botanist and conservationist. He was an author, researcher and teacher. His ecological interests in Britain and Europe included bryophytes, fungi, lichens, higher plants, plant communities and woodlands.

Rose was born in south London. He studied natural sciences at Chelsea Polytechnic and Queen Mary College, University of London, graduating with a degree in botany. He obtained a PhD in 1953, studying the structure and ecology of British lowland bogs.

From 1949, he taught at Bedford College and other colleges in London. In 1964, he joined the geography department as Senior Lecturer in Biogeography at King's College London, becoming a Reader in 1975 until 1981.

He married in 1943 to Pauline and had a family of three sons and a daughter. Rose was awarded the MBE in 2000. He died at Liss in Hampshire.

The lichen genus Francisrosea was named in his honour in 2021.

Chelsea College of Arts
Chelsea College of Arts is a constituent college of the University of the Arts London, a public art and design university in London, England.

It offers further and higher education courses in fine art, graphic design, interior design, product design, and textile design up to PhD level.
Kylie Live in New York
Kylie - Live in New York is a live album by Australian singer and songwriter Kylie Minogue. The album is a live recording of her North American tour, during her performance at the Hammerstein Ballroom in New York City. Live in New York was released on 14 December 2009, exclusively to online digital media stores. The album does not include "Better than Today", which was not included due to it appearing on Minogue's then forthcoming album Aphrodite. Minogue's official YouTube page streamed a live recording of the first half of the concert on 12 December 2009.

Hammerstein Ballroom
The Hammerstein Ballroom is a 35,000-square-foot (3,300 m2) ballroom located within the Manhattan Center at 311 West 34th Street in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. The capacity of the ballroom is dependent on the configuration of the room; it seats 2,000 people for theatrical productions and musical performances, and several thousand for events held within a central ring. The floor of the ballroom is flat. The two main balconies – which are unusually close to the ground and gently sloped – seat a total of 1,200. The third balcony has been stripped of seats and is not used.
Fred Hockin
Fred D Hockin is a former Rhodesian international lawn bowler.

He won a bronze medal in the fours at the 1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games in Vancouver with Alan Bradley, Alex Pascoe and Ronnie Turner.

Lawn bowls at the 1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games
Lawn bowls at the 1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games was the fifth appearance of the Lawn bowls at the Commonwealth Games.

Competition at the 1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games took place in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada from 30 July until 7 August 1954.

The host clubs were the West Point Grey Lawn Bowling Club of Vancouver and the New Westminster Bowling Club of New Westminster.

The lawn bowlers from the British nations were the first athletes to be named for the Games because they were selected as part of a touring party of Canada.

South Africa, Southern Rhodesia and Northern Ireland won one gold medal each.
John Dowling (musician)
John Dowling is a British banjo player.

Dowling was born in Cornwall, England.  He won first place at the BBC Radio 2 Young Folk Award in 2000 with his band the Black Cat Theory, and went on to become the first European ever to win first place at the USA bluegrass banjo championship held at Winfield, Kansas, in 2002. In 2007, he was featured as a master class tutor in a BBC1 reality series Play It Again along with Mark Knopfler, Jools Holland and Courtney Pine.

Jools Holland
Julian Miles Holland OBE DL (born 24 January 1958) is an English pianist, bandleader, singer, composer and television presenter. He was an original member of the rock band Squeeze. From 1982 until 1987, he co-presented the Channel 4 music programme The Tube. Since 1992, he has hosted Later... with Jools Holland, a music show aired on BBC2, on which his annual show Hootenanny is based. Holland is a published author and appears on television shows besides his own. He regularly hosted the programme Jools Holland on BBC Radio 2.

In 2004, Holland collaborated with the Welsh singer Tom Jones on an album of traditional R&B music. He achieved his first UK number one album in 2024 with Swing Fever, a collaboration with Rod Stewart. He has worked with many other artists including Marc Almond, Jayne County, José Feliciano, Sting, Eric Clapton, Mark Knopfler, George Harrison, David Gilmour, Ringo Starr, Dr. John, Bono, The The, Ruby Turner, and Amy Winehouse.
Calosoma affine
Calosoma affine, the related beautiful black searcher, is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily of Carabinae. It was described by Maximilien Chaudoir in 1843. This species is found in Mexico and the southern United States, where is inhabits pastures, cultivated fields and sand dunes.

Adults are diurnal and nocturnal and gregarious. They prey on lepidopterous caterpillars.

Maximilien Chaudoir
Maximilien Chaudoir, or Maximilien, baron de Chaudoir (Russian: Максимилиан де Шодуар; 12 September 1816 – 6 May 1881), was a Russian entomologist. He was a specialist in Coleoptera and in particular the Carabidae. His Cicindelidae are conserved by the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle in Paris. His Carabidae were acquired by Charles Oberthür (1845–1924), then given to the same museum. He wrote Mémoire sur la famille des Carabiques, 6 volumes commencing 1848.
Yury Logvinenko
Yury Anatolyevich Logvinenko (Russian: Юрий Анатольевич Логвиненко; born 22 July 1988) is a Kazakh former football player who played most of his career at Aktobe, and earned 53 caps for the Kazakhstan national football team.

Kazakhstan Cup
The Kazakhstan Cup is the main knockout cup competition in Kazakhstan football, run by the Football Federation of Kazakhstan. The tournament was initially founded in 1936 as a competition for clubs in the Kazakh SSR but did not become a proper national competition until 1992.
Outline of ethics
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to ethics.

Ethics (also known as moral philosophy) is the branch of philosophy that involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong conduct. The field of ethics, along with aesthetics, concern matters of value, and thus comprise the branch of philosophy called axiology.

Magna Moralia
The Magna Moralia (Latin for "Great Ethics") is a treatise on ethics traditionally attributed to Aristotle, though the consensus now is that it represents an epitome of his ethical thought by a later, if sympathetic, writer. Several scholars have disagreed with this, taking the Magna Moralia to be an authentic work by Aristotle, notably Friedrich Schleiermacher, Hans von Arnim, and J. L. Ackrill.  In any case, it is considered a less mature piece than Aristotle's other ethical works, viz. the Nicomachean Ethics and the Eudemian Ethics. There is some debate as to whether they follow more closely the Eudemian or the Nicomachean version of the Ethics.
Sleeping Cupid (Michelangelo)
The Sleeping Cupid is a now-lost sculpture created by Renaissance artist Michelangelo, which he artificially aged to make it look like an antique on the advice of Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco in order to sell for a higher price. It was this sculpture which first brought him to the attention of patrons in Rome.

Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco de' Medici
Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco de' Medici (4 August 1463 – 20 May 1503), nicknamed the Popolano, was an Italian banker and politician, the brother of Giovanni il Popolano.  He belonged to the junior (or "Popolani") branch of the House of Medici of Florence.
Osteochilichthys longidorsalis
Osteochilichthys longidorsalis is a species of fish in the family Cyprinidae. Its common names are hiffin carp and long finned barb.

It is endemic to the Western Ghats (India) and only found in Chalakudy River and Periyar River in Kerala. Locally it is called Kuruva Paral in Malayalam. It inhabits torrential streams and is often found in pool, riffles, and cascades. They account for the largest amount of catches in fishing baits due to their abundance.

Cyprinidae
Cyprinidae is a family of cyprinoid freshwater fishes commonly referred to as the carp family, which includes the carps, barbs, and barbels, among others. These cyprinids also share sister taxa with the danionins and minnows under the suborder Cyprinoidei. Cyprinidae is the largest and most diverse fish family, and the largest family of vertebrates overall, with roughly 1,780 species split into 166 valid genera.

Cyprinids range from the 12 mm (0.5 in)-long glassfishes, to the 3 m (9.8 ft) giant barb (Catlocarpio siamensis). The family name is derived from the Greek word kyprînos (κυπρῖνος 'carp').
Spent caustic
Spent caustic is a waste industrial caustic solution that has become exhausted and is no longer useful (or spent). Spent caustics are made of sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, water, and contaminants.  The contaminants have consumed the majority of the sodium (or potassium) hydroxide and thus the caustic liquor is spent, for example, in one common application H2S (gas) is scrubbed by the NaOH (aqueous) to form NaHS (aq) and H2O (l), thus consuming the caustic.

Potassium hydroxide
Potassium hydroxide is an inorganic compound with the formula KOH, and is commonly called caustic potash.

Along with sodium hydroxide (NaOH), KOH is a prototypical strong base. It has many industrial and niche applications, most of which utilize its caustic nature and its reactivity toward acids. About 2.5 million tonnes were produced in 2023. KOH is noteworthy as the precursor to most soft and liquid soaps, as well as numerous potassium-containing chemicals.  It is a white solid that is dangerously corrosive.
Hualong Cave
Hualong Cave (simplified Chinese: 华龙洞; traditional Chinese: 華龍洞; pinyin: huálóng dòng; lit. 'flowery/elegant dragon cave') is a cave in Pangwang village in Dongzhi County, Anhui Province, China, and situated on the southern bank of Yangtze. It is located on the side of Meiyuan Hill. Palaeontological interest started in 2004 when a farmer accidentally found bones that were later identified as mammalian fossils. Excavations started in 2006 by paleontologists from the Chinese Academy of Sciences. It has yielded many stone tools and over 30 human fossils, and animal bones including those of Ailuropoda, Arctonyx, Bubalus, Sinomegaceros, Stegodon, giant tapir, and giant pandas. The most notable fossils are those of the Hualongdong people, including Homo erectus (dubbed Dongzhi Man) described in 2014, and that of a 300,000-year-old archaic human discovered in 2019.

Giant tapir
Tapirus augustus, also known as the giant tapir is an extinct species of large tapir that lived in East and Southeast Asia during the Pleistocene epoch. Remains have been reported from across southern China, as well as in Vietnam and Laos, spanning the Middle and Late Pleistocene. Evidence for a Holocene survival is considered questionable. Tapirus augustus is the largest known tapir, with an estimated weight of about 623 kilograms (1,373 lb). The species is often placed in its own genus Megatapirus, but its placement in a separate genus has been questioned.