hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Claude A. Buss
Claude Albert Buss (29 November 1903 – 17 November 1998) was a professor emeritus of history and a key American diplomat in the Philippines during World War II.  Although not formally counted as one of the State Department's "China Hands", he was a U.S. Foreign Service Officer in Beiping and Nanjing prior to the war, and served in multiple U.S. government and policy advisory positions covering East Asia for almost seven decades.  As an academic, he taught at the University of Southern California, Stanford University, and the Naval Postgraduate School. Buss  authored multiple texts which became standard reference works in the field of East Asian studies and influenced generations of American civilian and military leaders and policy makers working in and around East Asia.

China Hands
The term China Hand originally referred to 19th-century merchants in the treaty ports of China, but came to be used for anyone with expert knowledge of the language, culture, and people of China. In 1940s America, the term China Hands came to refer to a group of American diplomats, journalists, and soldiers who were known for their knowledge of China and influence on U.S. policy before, during, and after  World War II. During and after the Cold War, the term China watcher became popularized: and, with some overlap, the term sinologist also describes a China expert in English, particularly in academic contexts or in reference to the expert's academic background.

Zhongguo tong (simplified Chinese: 中国通; traditional Chinese: 中國通; pinyin: Zhōngguó tōng; lit. 'China expert'), sometimes translated as "old China Hand", refers to a foreigner who shows a familiarity with, or affinity for, Chinese language and culture.
Frédéric Bremer
Frédéric Bremer (28 June 1892 – 7 April 1982) was a pioneer in the field of neurophysiology, whose work specialized in the neural mechanisms involved in the sleep-wake cycle. His other works include research into aphasia and apraxia, the neurogenic origin of diabetes insipidus, the physiology of the cerebellum, and the neural control of muscular tone.

Apraxia
Apraxia is a motor disorder caused by damage to the brain (specifically the posterior parietal cortex or corpus callosum), which causes difficulty with motor planning to perform tasks or movements. The nature of the damage determines the disorder's severity, and the absence of sensory loss or paralysis helps to explain the level of difficulty. Children may be born with apraxia; its cause is unknown, and symptoms are usually noticed in the early stages of development. Apraxia occurring later in life, known as acquired apraxia, is typically caused by traumatic brain injury, stroke, dementia, Alzheimer's disease, brain tumor, or other neurodegenerative disorders. The multiple types of apraxia are categorized by the specific ability and/or body part affected.

The term "apraxia" comes from Ancient Greek  ἀ- (a-) 'without' and  πρᾶξις (praxis) 'action'.
2016 Australian Open – Men's doubles
Simone Bolelli and Fabio Fognini were the defending champions, but lost in the second round to Adrian Mannarino and Lucas Pouille.

Jamie Murray and Bruno Soares won the title, defeating Daniel Nestor and Radek Štěpánek in the final, 2–6, 6–4, 7–5.

Australian Lleyton Hewitt played his final ever professional match in either singles or doubles; partnering Sam Groth, the pair lost to Jack Sock and Vasek Pospisil in the third round.

Lleyton Hewitt
Lleyton Glynn Hewitt (born 24 February 1981) is an Australian former professional tennis player. He was ranked as the world No. 1 in men's singles by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) for 80 weeks, including as the year-end No. 1 in 2001 and 2002. Hewitt won 30 singles titles and 3 doubles titles on the ATP Tour, including two singles majors at the 2001 US Open and 2002 Wimbledon Championships, a doubles major at the 2000 US Open, the 2001 and 2002 Tennis Masters Cups in singles, and led Australia to Davis Cup crowns in 1999 and 2003. On 19 November 2001, Hewitt became the youngest man to reach No. 1 in the ATP singles rankings, at the age of 20 years, 268 days (until 19 years, 130 days old Carlos Alcaraz in 2022). He was also the runner-up at the 2004 US Open and 2005 Australian Open. As of the end of 2025, he remains the most recent Australian man to win a singles major.
Mohammad Rahmati Sirjani
Grand Ayatollah Mohammad Rahmati Sirjani (Persian:  محمد رحمتی سیرجانی; born 1928) is an Iranian Twelver Shi'a Marja'.

He has studied in seminaries of Najaf, Iraq under Grand Ayatollah Muhsin al-Hakim and Abul-Qassim Khoei.

Najaf
Najaf is the capital city of the eponymous Najaf Governorate in central Iraq, about 160 km (99 mi) south of Baghdad. Its estimated population in 2024 was about 1.41 million people. It is widely considered amongst the holiest cities of Shia Islam and one of its spiritual capitals, as well as the center of Shia political power in Iraq.

It is the burial place of Muhammad's son in law and cousin, ‘Alī ibn Abī Tālib, and thus a major pilgrimage destination for Shia Muslims. The largest cemetery in the world (Wadi-us-Salaam) and the oldest Shi'a Islamic seminary in the world (Hawza of Najaf) are located in Najaf.
The Wonderful World of Jonathan Winters
The Wonderful World of Jonathan Winters is a 1960 comedy album, performed by Jonathan Winters.

The Wonderful World of Jonathan Winters was also the name of a television special in 1970.

With an unprecedented frenetic energy, Winters made obscure references to his mental illness and hospitalization during his stand-up comedy routines, most famously during the "flying saucer" bit. Winters casually mentions that if he wasn't careful, the authorities might put him back in the "zoo", referring to the institution.

Comedy album
A comedy album is an audio recording of comedic material from a comedian or group of comedians, usually performed either live or in a studio. Comedy albums may feature skits, humorous songs, and/or live recording of stand-up comedy performances, but the most common type of comedy albums are stand up, and are often made in conjunction with a DVD with recorded video of a particular comedy show.
Cynthia Brants
Cynthia Brants (20 June 1924 – 11 January 2006) was an American artist and a member of the Fort Worth Circle of artists. She attended Saturday classes at the Fort Worth School of Fine Art from the age of 10, studying under Blanche McVeigh. After leaving Fort Worth Arlington Heights High School, Brants attended Madeira School, Greenway, Virginia and then majored in art at Sarah Lawrence College, Bronxville, New York. Here she studied under Kurt Roesch and met a number of European refugees who were working in the New York art world, including André Masson and Lyonel Feininger.

After graduation, Brants traveled around post-war Europe, and established her studio in Fort Worth.

From 1958 to 1962 she taught painting and drawing at Sarah Lawrence College.

In 1979 Brant moved to Granbury, Texas, where she worked as a scenic designer and painter during the renovation and re-opening of the Granbury Opera House.

André Masson
André-Aimé-René Masson (French: [ɑ̃dʁe ɛme ʁəne masɔ̃]; 4 January 1896 – 28 October 1987) was a French artist. He was a leading figure in the Surrealist movement and an influence on Abstract Expressionism. He served in the French Army from 1914-1919. During his exile in the United States during World War II, his work influenced the development of the New York School, where he influenced young American artists, most notably Jackson Pollock and Arshile Gorky.
Sun Odyssey 45.1
The Sun Odyssey 45.1 is a French sailboat that was designed by Philippe Briand and the Jeanneau Design Office as a cruiser and yacht charter boat, first built in 1995.

The  design was developed into the Sun Odyssey 45.2 in 1997, which replaced it in production.

Yacht charter
Yacht chartering is the practice of renting, or chartering, a sailboat or motor yacht and traveling to various coastal or island destinations.

There are three main kinds of charter: bareboat, skippered and crewed. Bareboat charters require the client to skipper the boat themselves, while skippered charters include both boat and a professional skipper. Crewed charters are staffed by a captain and professional crew that can include chefs, engineers, deckhands, and stewards. Most bareboat charter companies offer basic seamanship courses to prepare clients for handling a boat. These companies may also provide skippered charters, which include a skipper, but no additional crew.
A Stranger Among Us
A Stranger Among Us is a 1992 American crime drama film directed by Sidney Lumet and starring Melanie Griffith. It tells the story of an undercover police officer's experiences in a Hasidic community. It was entered into the 1992 Cannes Film Festival. It is often cited as one of Lumet's two failures of the 1990s, the other being Guilty as Sin (1993). Despite the poor reviews suffered by both these films, Lumet received the 1993 D. W. Griffith Award of the Directors Guild of America. The film was also the first credited role for actor James Gandolfini. The shooting of the film was used as an example in Lumet's book Making Movies.

1992 Cannes Film Festival
The 45th Cannes Film Festival took place from 7 to 18 May 1992. French actor Gérard Depardieu served as jury president for the main competition.

Swedish filmmaker Bille August won the Palme d'Or, the festival's top prize, for a second time with the drama-film The Best Intentions.

The festival opened with Basic Instinct by Paul Verhoeven, and closed with Far and Away by Ron Howard.
Open admissions
Open admissions, or open enrollment, is a type of unselective and noncompetitive college admissions process in the United States in which the only criterion for entrance is a high school diploma or a certificate of attendance or General Educational Development (GED) certificate.

Certificate of attendance
A certificate of attendance (also certificate of participation ) is an official document proving the attendance of a class, a language course or a training course.

Although it could increase the prospects of professional promotion, this type of certificate is not a credential because it does not provide proof of learning, that is, no knowledge is assessed before such a certificate is issued.
National Register of Historic Places listings in Lowndes County, Alabama
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Lowndes County, Alabama.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Lowndes County, Alabama, United States.  Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in an online map.

There are six properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted January 16, 2026.

Lowndes County, Alabama
Lowndes County is in the central part of the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2020 census, the county's population was 10,311. Its county seat is Hayneville. The county is named in honor of William Lowndes, a member of the United States Congress from South Carolina.

Lowndes County is part of the Montgomery, Alabama Metropolitan Statistical Area. Historically it has been considered part of the Black Belt, known for its fertile soil, cotton plantations, and a high number of African American workers, enslaved and later freed.
Wierde
Wierde (French pronunciation: [vjɛʁd]; Walloon: Wiyete) is a sub-municipality of the city of Namur located in the province of Namur, Wallonia, Belgium. It was a separate municipality until 1977. On 1 January 1977, it was merged into Namur.

Namur Province
Namur (French: [namyʁ] ⓘ; Walloon: Nameur; Dutch: Namen [ˈnaːmə(n)] ⓘ) is a province of Wallonia, one of the three regions of Belgium. It borders (clockwise from the West) on the Walloon provinces of Hainaut, Walloon Brabant, Liège and Luxembourg in Belgium, and the French department of Ardennes. Its capital and largest city is the city of Namur. As of January 2024, the province of Namur has a population of about 0.5 million.
British Rail Class 460
The British Rail Class 460 Juniper (8-GAT) was a class of electric multiple-unit passenger trains built by Alstom at Washwood Heath between 1999 and 2001. They were part of Alstom's Coradia Juniper family, which also includes Classes 334 and 458.

For the entirety of their service life they operated Gatwick Express services between London Victoria and Gatwick Airport. Following their withdrawal by Gatwick Express in 2012, the fleet was merged with the mechanically similar Class 458 fleet and extensively rebuilt to form a fleet of 36 units—designated Class 458/5—that are now used by South Western Railway.

Southern Railway multiple unit numbering and classification
The Southern Railway created classification and numbering systems for its large fleet of electric multiple units, perpetuated by the Southern Region of British Rail until the early 1980s, when the impact of TOPS was felt. Some stock is still allocated Southern-style classifications in a semi-official manner.
Partridge Island (Tasmania)
The Partridge Island, part of the Partridge Island Group, is an 103-hectare (250-acre) island that lies close to the south-eastern coast of Tasmania, Australia. The island is situated in the D'Entrecasteaux Channel, between Bruny Island and the mainland of Tasmania and is part of the South Bruny National Park.

The other islands in the Partridge Island Group are:

D'Entrecasteaux Channel
The D'Entrecasteaux Channel /ˌdɒntrəˈkæstoʊ/ is a body of water located between Bruny Island and the south-east of mainland Tasmania, Australia. The channel forms the estuarine mouth for both the Derwent and Huon Rivers and empties into the Tasman Sea of the South Pacific Ocean. It was sighted by Abel Tasman in 1642 and later surveyed in 1792 by Bruni d'Entrecasteaux.

Towns along the channel include Margate, Snug, Kettering, Woodbridge, Flowerpot, Middleton and Gordon.
Go Go Amigo
Go Go Amigo is a 1965 Warner Bros. Merrie Melodies cartoon directed by Robert McKimson. The short was released on November 20, 1965, and stars Daffy Duck and Speedy Gonzales.

In this film, Speedy needs music for his birthday party. Daffy is a shop owner who denies him the free use of his radios.

Cartoon
A cartoon is a type of visual art that is typically drawn, frequently animated, in an unrealistic or semi-realistic style. The specific meaning has evolved, but the modern usage usually refers to either: an image or series of images intended for satire, caricature, or humor; or a motion picture that relies on a sequence of illustrations for its animation. Someone who creates cartoons in the first sense is called a cartoonist, and in the second sense they are usually called an animator.

The concept originated in the Middle Ages, and first described a preparatory drawing for a piece of art, such as a painting, fresco, tapestry, or stained glass window. In the 19th century, beginning in Punch magazine in 1843, cartoon came to refer – ironically at first – to humorous artworks in magazines and newspapers. Then it also was used for political cartoons and comic strips. When the medium developed, in the early 20th century, it began to refer to animated films that resembled print cartoons.
Tibshelf Community School
Tibshelf Community School is a mixed secondary school located in Tibshelf in the English county of Derbyshire.

It is a community school administered by Derbyshire County Council, and serves a catchment area of nine villages located across the districts of Bolsover and North East Derbyshire. They include Blackwell, Newton, Heath, Hilcote, Holmewood, Morton, Pilsley, Tibshelf and Westhouses.

Tibshelf Community School offers GCSEs and BTECs as programmes of study for pupils. The school relocated to new buildings during 2014.

Bolsover District
Bolsover District is a local government district in Derbyshire, England. It is named after the town of Bolsover, which is near the geographic centre of the district, but the council is based in the large village of Clowne to the north. The district also includes the town of Shirebrook and several villages and surrounding rural areas.

The neighbouring districts are Amber Valley, North East Derbyshire, Chesterfield, Rotherham, Bassetlaw, Mansfield, and Ashfield.
Rezonville-Vionville
Rezonville-Vionville (French pronunciation: [ʁəzɔ̃vil vjɔ̃vil]) is a commune in the Moselle department in Grand Est in north-eastern France. It was established on 1 January 2019 by merger of the former communes of Rezonville (the seat) and Vionville.

Moselle (department)
Moselle (French pronunciation: [mɔzɛl] ⓘ) is the most populous department in Lorraine, in the northeast of France, and is named after the river Moselle, a tributary of the Rhine, which flows through the western part of the department. It had a population of 1,046,543 in 2019. Inhabitants of the department are known as Mosellans.
2016 Italian Open – Men's doubles
Bob and Mike Bryan won the title, defeating Vasek Pospisil and Jack Sock in the final, 2–6, 6–3, [10–7]. They saved three match points in their opening match against Steve Johnson and Sam Querrey.

Pablo Cuevas and David Marrero were the defending champions, but Marrero chose not to participate this year. Cuevas played alongside Marcel Granollers, losing in the quarterfinals to Pospisil and Sock.

Vasek Pospisil
Vasek Pospisil (/ˈvæʃɪk ˈpɒspɪsɪl/ VASH-ik POS-pih-sil; Czech: Vašek Pospíšil, pronounced [ˈvaʃɛk ˈpospiːʃɪl]; born June 23, 1990) is a Canadian former professional tennis player. Pospisil has a career-high singles ranking of world No. 25, and No. 4 in doubles. Along with partner Jack Sock, he won the 2014 Wimbledon Championships and the 2015 Indian Wells Masters men's doubles titles. He also reached the quarterfinals in singles at the 2015 Wimbledon Championships.
Chris Kunitz
Christopher Kunitz (born September 26, 1979) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey winger who played in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the Anaheim Ducks (where he won his first Stanley Cup in 2007), Atlanta Thrashers, the Pittsburgh Penguins (where he won his second, third and fourth Stanley Cup in 2009, 2016 and 2017), Tampa Bay Lightning and Chicago Blackhawks.

Internationally, Kunitz won a gold medal with Team Canada at the 2014 Winter Olympics.

Ice hockey at the 2014 Winter Olympics
The ice hockey competitions of the 2014 Winter Olympics were played at two venues, located 300 meters from the other, within the Olympic Park in Sochi, Russia. The Bolshoy Ice Dome, which seats 12,000, resembles a Fabergé egg. The Shayba Arena, seating 7,000, was supposed to be a moveable structure but eventually stayed in Sochi. Both venues are IIHF-sized (60 meters by 30 meters).

The men's tournament had twelve teams competing and the women's tournament had eight teams: tournament play began on 8 February 2014. The women's concluded on 20 February and the men's on 23 February.

Canada men's and Canada women's national teams went through the tournament undefeated, repeating its gold medal achievements at the 2010 Vancouver Winter Olympics.
Isaac Duncan MacDougall
Isaac Duncan MacDougall (10 July 1897 – 4 April 1969) was a National Government, Conservative and Progressive party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Strathlorne, Nova Scotia and became an auditor, barrister, journalist and student.

MacDougall studied at St. Francis Xavier University, earning Bachelor of Arts and Master of Arts degrees.

He was first elected to Parliament at the Inverness riding in the 1925 general election after an unsuccessful campaign there as a Progressive Party candidate in the 1921 election. He was re-elected in 1926 and 1930. In the 1935 federal election, riding boundary changes meant that MacDougall's would seek re-election in the new Inverness—Richmond riding. He was defeated by Donald MacLennan of the Liberal party. MacDougall was also unsuccessful in winning back the seat in the 1940 election as a National Government candidate.

Inverness—Richmond
Inverness—Richmond was a federal electoral district in the province of Nova Scotia, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1935 to 1968.

This riding was created in 1933 from parts of Inverness and Richmond—West Cape Breton ridings. It consisted of the counties of Inverness and Richmond and  part of the county of Cape Breton (the municipal districts of Bateston (No. 24), Catalone (No. 15), Gabarus (No. 7), Grand Mira (No. 17), Louisburg Parish (No. 6), Main-à-Dieu (No. 5), and Trout Brook (No. 16)), including the town of Louisburg.

It was abolished in 1966 when it was redistributed between Cape Breton Highlands—Canso and Cape Breton—East Richmond ridings.
Canon Cat
The Canon Cat was a task-dedicated microcomputer released by Canon Inc. in 1987 for $1,495 (equivalent to $4,100 in 2024). Its appearance resembles dedicated word processors of the late 1970s to early 1980s, but it was more powerful, and had ideas for data manipulation.

The system was primarily the creation of Jef Raskin, who originated the Macintosh project at Apple. After leaving the company in 1982 and founding Information Appliance, Inc., he began designing a new computer closer to his original vision of an inexpensive, utilitarian "people's computer". Information Appliance first developed the SwyftCard for the Apple II, then licensed it to Canon as the Cat. BYTE in 1987 described the Cat as "a spiritual heir to the Macintosh".

Canon Inc.
Canon Inc. (Japanese: キヤノン株式会社; Hepburn: Kyanon kabushiki gaisha) is a Japanese multinational corporation headquartered in Ōta, Tokyo, specializing in optical, imaging, and industrial products, such as lenses, cameras, police equipment , scanners, printers, and semiconductor manufacturing equipment.

Canon has a primary listing on the Tokyo Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the TOPIX Core 30 and Nikkei 225 indexes. It used to have a secondary listing on the New York Stock Exchange.
Đình Bảng communal house
Đình Bảng communal hall is one of the largest village communal houses in Vietnam. It is located in Đình Bảng village, Từ Sơn district, in Bắc Ninh Province of the Red River Delta, 17 km from the nation's capital, Hanoi.

The construction started in 1700 and was completed 36 years later.

Đình Bảng communal house is used for the worshiping of Cao Sơn Đại vương (Mountain spirit), Thủy Bá Đại vương (Water spirit), and Bạch Lệ Đại vương (God of agriculture), together with the six individuals who rebuilt Đình Bảng village in the 15th century after it was devastated during the Ming occupation (1408-1428). The hall also functions as the village meeting hall and the seat of the local government office.

Bắc Ninh province
Bắc Ninh (Vietnamese pronunciation: [ɓɐ̌k˧˥ nīɲ]) is a province of Vietnam, located in the Northern Midlands and Mountains. It borders Hanoi, Hải Phòng, Hưng Yên province, Lạng Sơn province, and Thái Nguyên province. The province covers an area of 822.71 km2 (317.65 mi2) and as of 2022 it had a population of 1.488.250.

The province is known for Quan họ folk music. Quan họ was recognized as an Intangible Cultural Heritage by the UNESCO in 2009. Bắc Ninh has a Human Development Index of 0.779 (high), ranking seventh among all municipalities and provinces of Vietnam. It was ranked eighth in Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) and third in per capita GRDP among Vietnamese administrative units. The GRDP reached 248.376 trillion Vietnamese Đồng (equivalent to over 10.8 billion USD), with a per capita GRDP of 7,250 USD (equivalent to 167 million Đồng), and a GRDP growth rate of 7.39% in 2022.
Crescent View station
Crescent View station is a light rail station in Sandy, Utah, United States, served by the Blue Line of Utah Transit Authority's TRAX light rail system. The Blue Line provides service from Downtown Salt Lake City to Draper.

Downtown Salt Lake City
Downtown (also called City Center) is the oldest district in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States. The grid from which the entire city is laid out originates at Temple Square, the location of the Salt Lake Temple.