hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Human Genetics Commission
The Human Genetics Commission (HGC) was an advisory non-departmental public body that advised the UK government on the ethical and social aspects of genetics. This included genetic testing, cloning and other aspects of molecular medicine. The Commission was created after a review of the UK government biotechnology advisory framework in 1999.  It was chaired initially by the lawyer, Baroness Helena Kennedy QC and, from 2007 to 2009, the acting chair was Sir John Sulston. From 2009, the Commission was chaired by Professor Jonathan Montgomery and comprised 21 members whose backgrounds include the law, medicine, consumer affairs, philosophy and ethics, scientific research, and clinical practice. Representatives of the Chief Medical Officers of England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland also sat on the Commission.

The Commission was abolished when quangos were reviewed by the newly elected government in October 2010. The Commission published its final paper in May 2012.

Quango
A quango (quasi-autonomous non-governmental organization) is an organization to which a government has devolved power, but which is still partly controlled or financed by government bodies. The acronym was originally derived from quasi-NGO, where NGO is the abbreviation for a non-government organization.

As its original name suggests, a quango is a hybrid form of organization, with elements of both NGOs and public sector bodies. Although originating in the United States, the term is primarily used in the United Kingdom and, to a lesser degree, other countries in the core and middle Anglosphere.

In the UK, quango is not an official term and its usage has been described as "highly emotive", with some using it to condemn "wasteful bureaucracy" and a lack of democratic accountability. It covers different arm's-length bodies (ALBs), including non-departmental public bodies ("semi-autonomous public bodies") (NDPBs), non-ministerial government departments, and executive agencies.
Sara Mills (linguist)
Sara Mills (b. 1954) is Emeritus Professor in Linguistics at Sheffield Hallam University, England. Her linguistic interests are the comparison of linguistic forms of expression in different languages, particularly in reference to politeness. Her other major work area is feminism.

She has published many books and articles on politeness and discursive approaches to the analysis of politeness. She has also published on feminist linguistic theory.

Politeness
Politeness is the practical application of good manners or etiquette so as not to offend others and to put them at ease. It is a culturally defined phenomenon, and therefore what is considered polite in one culture can sometimes be quite rude or simply eccentric in another cultural context.

While the goal of politeness is to refrain from behaving in an offensive way so as not to offend others, and to make all people feel relaxed and comfortable with one another, these culturally defined standards at times may be broken within the context of personal boundaries – this is known as positive politeness.
The Deluge (Martin)
The Deluge is an 1834 oil painting by the British artist John Martin. It depicts the flood from the Old Testament Book of Genesis with Noah's Ark almost overwhelmed by the storm.

The painting is strongly Romantic in style.  Martin had produced an earlier painting of the subject that he displayed at the British Institution's annual exhibition in Pall Mall. However Martin consider this more spectacular version his favourite picture. He submitted it to the Salon of 1835 at the Louvre in Paris where he was awarded a gold medal. Martin was a popular and influential figure in France and his paintings and the mezzotints based on them were well-known.

The work was subsequently displayed at the Royal Academy Exhibition of 1837 at the National Gallery in London. The painting is now in the Yale Center for British Art in Connecticut as part of the Paul Mellon Collection.

Pall Mall, London
Pall Mall /ˌpæl ˈmæl/ ⓘ is a street in the St James's area of the City of Westminster, Central London. It connects St James's Street to Trafalgar Square and is a section of the regional A4 road. The street's name is derived from pall-mall, a ball game played there during the 17th century, which in turn is derived from the Italian pallamaglio, literally "ball-mallet".

The area was built up during the reign of Charles II with fashionable London residences. It is known for high-class shopping in the 18th century until the present, and gentlemen's clubs in the 19th. The Reform, Athenaeum and Travellers clubs have survived to the 21st century. The War Office was based on Pall Mall during the second half of the 19th century, and the Royal Automobile Club's headquarters have been on the street since 1908.
Myndalne
Myndalne or Mindalnoye (Ukrainian: Миндальне; Russian: Миндальное) is a village in the Sudak Municipality of the Crimea, a territory recognized by a majority of countries as part of Ukraine and annexed by Russia as the Republic of Crimea.

Previously, the settlement was known as the Arka-Deresi village (Crimean Tatar: Arqa Deresi). Following the forced deportation of the Crimean Tatars in 1944, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR published a decree on May 18, 1948 renaming the settlement along with many others throughout Crimea from their native Crimean Tatar names to their current variants.

Myndalne is located on Crimea's southern shore at an elevation of 134 metres (440 ft). Its population was 6 in the 2001 Ukrainian census. Current population: 143 (2014 Census).

Republic of Crimea (Russia)
The Republic of Crimea is a republic of Russia, comprising most of the Crimean Peninsula, but excluding Sevastopol. Its territory corresponds to the pre-2023 territory of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, a de jure subdivision of Ukraine. Russia occupied and annexed the peninsula in 2014, although the annexation remains internationally unrecognized.

The capital and largest city located within its borders is Simferopol, which is the second-largest city on the Crimean Peninsula. As of the 2021 Russian census, the Republic of Crimea had a population of 1,934,630.
Ephraim Bluff
Ephraim Bluff is a 425 m ice-free bluff in the south of Breznik Heights, Greenwich Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica.  The bluff is linked to Razgrad Peak to the north-northeast and separates the termini of Wulfila Glacier to the northwest and Zheravna Glacier to the east. It surmounts Doris Cove on the northwest.

The feature was charted and named 'Mount Ephraim' as early as 1820-22 by American sealers who used it as a lead mark for the nearby Yankee Harbour.

Greenwich Island
Greenwich Island (variant historical names Sartorius Island, Berezina Island) is an island 24 km (15 mi) long and from 0.80 to 9.66 km (0.5 to 6 mi) (average 5.23 km or 3.25 mi) wide, lying between Robert Island and Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. The island's surface area is 142.7 square kilometres (55.1 sq mi).  The name Greenwich Island dates back to at least 1821 and is now established in international usage.

The Chilean base Arturo Prat and the Ecuadorian base Pedro Vicente Maldonado are situated on the northeast and north coast of the island, respectively.

Chilean scientists have claimed that Amerinds visited the area, due to stone artifacts recovered from bottom-sampling operations off the island; however, the artefacts — two arrowheads  — were later found to have been planted.
Musée mexicain
The musée mexicain, later musée américain (Mexican Museum / American Museum), was a section of the Louvre that was dedicated to pre-Columbian art, with an initial emphasis on Mexican archaeology. It opened in 1850, and closed in 1887 when its collections were transferred to the Musée d'Ethnographie du Trocadéro.

Arqueología Mexicana
Arqueología Mexicana (Mexican Archaeology) is a bimonthly journal published by Editorial Raíces and the Mexican Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia (National Institute of Anthropology and History). The first issue, devoted to Teotihuacán, was published in April–May in 1993.
CaseIT
CaseIT is an international undergraduate business case competition focused in management information systems. Held annually in Vancouver, British Columbia, this student-organized event focuses on information technology case analysis. Over a span of six days in February, 20 international university teams compete in a 5-hour and 24-hour case deliberation. First round presentations are held in SFU's Harbour Centre campus in Vancouver, while final-round presentations are held in the Segal Graduate School of Business, followed by an Awards Banquet where the top three universities are announced.

Management information system
A management information system (MIS) is an information system used for decision-making, and for the coordination, control, analysis, and visualization of information in an organization. The study of the management information systems involves people, processes and technology in an organizational context. In other words, it serves, as the functions of controlling, planning, decision making in the management level setting.

In a corporate setting, the ultimate goal of using management information system is to increase the value and profits of the business.
Telogreika
A telogreika (Russian: телогре́йка, lit. 'body warmer', IPA: [tʲɪlɐˈgrʲejkə]), also known as a vatnik (ватник, [ˈvatnʲɪk]) or fufayka (фуфайка) is a variety of quilted jacket from the Soviet Union. It is a cotton wool–padded, waterproof jacket often worn with valenki, winter trousers, and an ushanka to keep its wearer warm. The telogreika was part of the winter uniform of the Red Army from the 1930s to 1960s, and used extensively during the Winter War and World War II.

Uniform
A uniform is a variety of costume worn by members of an organization while usually participating in that organization's activity. Modern uniforms are most often worn by armed forces and paramilitary organizations such as police, emergency services, security guards, in some workplaces and schools, and by inmates in prisons. In some countries, some other officials also wear uniforms in their duties; such is the case of the Commissioned Corps of the United States Public Health Service or the French prefects. For some organizations, such as police, it may be illegal for non-members to wear the uniform.
2011 Superstars Series Valencia round
The 2012 Superstars Series Valencia round was the second round of the 2011 Superstars Series season. It took place on 8 May at the Circuit Ricardo Tormo.

Andrea Bertolini won the first race, starting from pole position, driving a Maserati Quattroporte and Luigi Ferrara gained the second one, driving a Mercedes C63 AMG.

Mercedes-Benz C-Class
The Mercedes-Benz C-Class is a series of compact executive cars produced by Mercedes-Benz Group AG. Introduced in 1993 as a replacement for the 190 (W201) range, the C-Class was the smallest model in the marque's line-up until the W168 A-Class arrived in 1997. The C-Class has been available with a "4MATIC" four-wheel drive option since 2002. The third generation (W204) was launched in 2007 while the current W206 generation was launched in 2021.

Initially available in sedan and a station wagon configurations, a fastback coupé (SportCoupé) variant followed and was later renamed to Mercedes-Benz CLC-Class. It remained in production until 2011 when a new W204 C-Class coupé replaced it for the 2012 model year.
Dawlat Ahmadzai
Dawlat Khan Ahmadzi (born 5 September 1984) is an Afghan former international cricketer. He is a right-handed batsman and right-arm fast-medium bowler who played limited overs cricket for the Afghanistan national cricket team.

After the Afghan team secured One Day International (ODI) status by managing a top-six finish at the 2009 ICC World Cup Qualifier in South Africa (although not qualifying for the 2011 Cricket World Cup itself), on April 19, 2009, Ahmadzai took the first ever wicket for Afghanistan in an ODI when he dismissed Scotland's Gavin Hamilton as the Afghan team won the Qualifier's fifth-place play-off at Willowmoore Park, Benoni.

Benoni, South Africa
Benoni is a town on the East Rand, Gauteng, South Africa, some 26 kilometres (16 mi) east of Johannesburg, within the City of Ekurhuleni municipality.

Benoni was also the setting for the MTV-inspired movie Crazy Monkey: Straight Outta Benoni, released internationally in 2005.
Island Transit
Island Transit refers to one of two transit companies in the United States

Island Transit (Texas) is a public transit company operating in Galveston, Texas. The company runs several bus routes, and a street car system.

Island Transit (Washington) a zero-fare bus system in Island County, Washington serving Whidbey Island and Camano Island.

Island Transit (Washington)
Island Transit is a zero-fare transit system in Island County, Washington, serving Whidbey Island and Camano Island. The system consists of fixed-route bus service, paratransit, and vanpools, and carried a total of 380,574  passengers in 2023. Until 2023, there was no Sunday or holiday service on Island Transit routes.

The system is funded by a 0.9 percent sales tax within Island County, as well as state and federal grants. The tax was initially 0.3 percent when bus service started in 1987, but was increased in 2000 and 2009 in response to funding shortfalls.
Georgia State Route 305
State Route 305 (SR 305) is a south–north state highway located in the east central part of the U.S. state of Georgia. It runs entirely within Burke County, with a short section near its northern terminus along the Burke-Jefferson county line.

Jefferson County, Georgia
Jefferson County is a county located in the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 15,709. The county seat and largest city is Louisville. The county was created on February 20, 1796, and named for Thomas Jefferson, the main author of the Declaration of Independence who became the third president of the United States.
Hexalogy
A hexalogy (from Greek ἑξα- hexa-, "six" and -λογία -logia, "discourse") is a compound literary or narrative work that is made up of six distinct works. The word apparently first appeared in English as a borrowing from German, in discussions of August Bungert's Wagnerian opera cycle entitled Homerische Welt based on the Iliad and the Odyssey. (He planned two tetralogies, but the third and fourth operas of the eight were never written.) Both pentalogie and hexalogie were used by Théophile Gautier in 1859. In 1923 the word was applied by an American reviewer to Johannes V. Jensen's The Long Journey.

Théophile Gautier
Pierre Jules Théophile Gautier (US: /ɡoʊˈtjeɪ/ goh-TYAY; French: [pjɛʁ ʒyl teɔfil ɡotje]; 30 August 1811 – 23 October 1872) was a French poet, dramatist, novelist, journalist, and art and literary critic.

While an ardent defender of Romanticism, Gautier's work is difficult to classify and remains a point of reference for many subsequent literary traditions such as Parnassianism, Symbolism, Decadence and Modernism. He was widely esteemed by writers as disparate as Balzac, Baudelaire, the Goncourt brothers, Flaubert, Pound, Eliot, James, Proust and Wilde.
Oleg Neikirch
Oleg Nikolaev Neikirch (Neikirh, Nejkirch, Neykirch) (Bulgarian: Олег Николаев Нейкирх) (8 March 1914, Tbilisi, Georgia - 26 August 1985, Bulgaria) was a Bulgarian chess master.

He won seven times Bulgarian Chess Championship (in 1937, 1938, 1940 (jointly), 1943, 1948 (jointly), 1953 (jointly), and 1957).

He represented Bulgaria in four Chess Olympiads (1939, 1954, 1958, and 1960).

In 1939, at second board in 8th Chess Olympiad in Buenos Aires (+6 –5 =4);

In 1954, at second board in 11th Chess Olympiad in Amsterdam (+1 –2 =4);

In 1958, at first board in 13th Chess Olympiad in Munich (+1 –6 =6);

In 1960, at third board in 14th Chess Olympiad in Leipzig (+4 –4 =6).

He tied for 2nd-4th at Sofia 1957 (zonal; Miroslav Filip won), and took 15th at Portorož 1958 (Interzonal; Mikhail Tal won).

He was awarded the International Master (IM) title in 1957.

13th Chess Olympiad
The 13th Chess Olympiad (German: Die 13. Schacholympiade), organized by FIDE and comprising an open team tournament, as well as several other events designed to promote the game of chess, took place between September 30 and October 23, 1958, in Munich, then part of West Germany.

The Soviet team with 6 GMs, led by world champion Botvinnik, lived up to expectations and won their fourth gold medals in a row, with Yugoslavia and Argentina taking the silver and bronze, respectively. The West German hosts finished 7th, right behind rivals East Germany. The two neighbouring nations were tied on both game and match points, but the East Germans had won the match between the two.
HNoMS Trondheim
At least two ships of the Royal Norwegian Navy have been named HNoMS Trondheim, after the city of Trondheim:

HNoMS Trondheim (1946), a C-class destroyer purchased from the Royal Navy in 1946 and broken up in 1961.

HNoMS Trondheim (F302), an Oslo-class frigate commissioned in 1966 and decommissioned in 2006.

Oslo-class frigate
The Oslo-class frigate is a Royal Norwegian Navy frigate design of the 1960s, based on the US Navy Dealey-class destroyer escorts. The forward hull was customized to suit Norwegian sea conditions better (higher freeboard) and several sub-systems were European built. Ships of the class operated until 2007, when they were replaced by the Fridtjof Nansen class.
KMXZ-FM
32°14′56″N 111°6′59″W﻿ / ﻿32.24889°N 111.11639°W﻿ / 32.24889; -111.11639

KMXZ-FM (94.9 MHz, "94.9 MIXfm") is a commercial FM radio station in Tucson, Arizona.  It is owned by Lotus Communications and broadcasts an adult contemporary format, switching to Christmas music for much of November and December.  The studios and offices are on East Rosewood Drive.

KMXZ has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 96,500 watts.  The transmitter site is on West Hidden Canyon Drive in Tucson Estates, atop Tower Peak in the Tucson Mountains.  KMXZ broadcasts using HD Radio technology.  Its digital subchannels carry several formats:  HD2 is Spanish Hot Adult Contemporary, HD3 is Regional Mexican and HD4 is Sports as a simulcast of co-owned KFFN.

Tucson Mountains
The Tucson Mountains (O'odham: Cuk Doʼag) are a minor mountain range west of Tucson, Arizona, United States.  The Tucson Mountains, including Wasson Peak, are one of four notable mountain ranges surrounding the Tucson Basin.  The Santa Catalina Mountains lie to the northeast, the Rincon Mountains are to the east of Tucson, and the Santa Rita Mountains lie to the south. Additionally, the Sierrita Mountains lie due south, the Roskruge Mountains lie to the west across Avra Valley, the Silver Bell Mountains lie to the northwest, and the Tortolita Mountains lie to the north across the Santa Cruz Valley.
Eremogone cliftonii
Eremogone cliftoniii is a species of flowering plant in the family Caryophyllaceae known by the common name Clifton's eremogone. It is endemic to California, where it is known from 27 to 33 occurrences in Butte and Plumas Counties. It occurs in forests and chaparral habitat on weathered granite soils. Although limited in distribution it may be relatively abundant where it does occur. The plant was only described to science in 2007.

This is a perennial herb with small, threadlike, pointed leaves up to 6 centimeters long. The terminal inflorescence is a cluster of flowers with petals 1 to 2 centimeters long.

Plumas County, California
Plumas County (/ˈpluːməs/ ⓘ) is a county located in the Sierra Nevada of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 19,790. The county seat is Quincy, and the only incorporated city is Portola. The largest community in the county is East Quincy. The county was named for the Spanish Río de las Plumas (the Feather River), which flows through it. It is also the namesake of a native moth species, Hadena plumasata.
Ramachandra Datatraya Lele
Ramachandra Dattatraya Lele (16 January 1928 – 24 June 2022)  was a physician from India.

He established the department of Nuclear Medicine at Jaslok Hospital.
 Over the years he has worked in medical education, practice, research and hospital administration. He held the roles of Professor and Department Head at Mumbai's Grant Medical College and Sir JJ Group of Hospitals. His autobiography, 'Pursuit of Excellence' was published in 2017.

Nuclear medicine
Nuclear medicine (nuclear radiology) is a medical specialty involving the application of radioactive substances in the diagnosis and treatment of disease. Nuclear imaging is, in a sense, radiology done inside out, because it records radiation emitted from within the body rather than radiation that is transmitted through the body from external sources like X-ray generators. In addition, nuclear medicine scans differ from radiology, as the emphasis is not on imaging anatomy, but on the function. For this reason, it is called a physiological imaging modality. Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) scans are the two most common imaging modalities in nuclear medicine.
Ras Abu Fontas
Ras Abu Fontas (Arabic: راس بو فنطاس) is a coastal industrial area in Doha on the boundary with Al Wakrah Municipality in Qatar. The government has designated the district as a free economic zone as of 2019.

Free-trade zone
A free-trade zone (FTZ) is a class of special economic zone. It is a geographic area where goods may be imported, stored, handled, manufactured, or reconfigured and re-exported under specific customs regulation and generally not subject to customs duty. Free trade zones are generally organized around major seaports, international airports, and national frontiers—areas with many geographic advantages for trade.
Aiguille du Grépon
The Aiguille du Grépon (literally the Needle of Grépon), informally known as The Grepon, is a mountain in the Mont Blanc Massif in Haute-Savoie, France. The Grepon has a Southern (3,482 m) and Northern (3,478 m) peak, which are the highest points of a sharp granite ridge to the east of the Glacier des Nantillons above Chamonix and northeast of the Aiguille du Midi. A madonna statue is situated on the Southern peak.

Haute-Savoie
Haute-Savoie (French pronunciation: [ot savwa] ⓘ; Arpitan: Savouè d'Amont; Italian: Alta Savoia) is a department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of Southeastern France, bordering both Switzerland and Italy. Its prefecture is Annecy. To the north is Lake Geneva; to the south and southeast are Mont Blanc and the Aravis mountain range.

It holds its name from the Savoy historical region, as does the department of Savoie, located south of Haute-Savoie. In 2019, it had a population of 826,094. Its subprefectures are Bonneville, Saint-Julien-en-Genevois and Thonon-les-Bains. The French entrance to the Mont Blanc Tunnel into Italy is in Haute-Savoie. It is noted for winter sports; the first Winter Olympic Games were held at Chamonix in 1924.
Malathi Maithri
Malathi Maithri (born 1968) is an Indian writer, activist and feminist, who is recognised as a distinguished poet in contemporary Tamil literature. Maithri has been the recipient of the Tirupur Tamizh Sangam Award and the State Award for Poetry by the Government of Puducherry. She is also the founder of first feminist magazine anangu and first feminist publishing house called Anangu (transl. Woman) which has translated works of Nigerian writer Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie such as Purple Red Poppy and We Should All Be Feminists.

Government of Puducherry
Government of Puducherry (Tamil: Putuccēri aracu, Malayalam: Puthucheri sarkkaar, Telugu: Puduccēri prabhutvamu, French: Gouvernement de Poudouchéry) is the union territorial government for the union territory of Puducherry, India. It is headed by the Lieutenant Governor of Puducherry. Its capital is located at Pondicherry.