hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Angles (tribe)
The Angles (Old English: Engle, Latin: Anglii) were one of the main Germanic peoples who settled in Great Britain in the post-Roman period. They founded several kingdoms of the Heptarchy in Anglo-Saxon England. Their name, which probably derives from the Angeln peninsula, is the root of the names England ("Engla land", "Land of the Angles"), and English, for both its people and its language. According to Tacitus, writing around 100 AD, a people known as Angles (Anglii) lived beyond (apparently northeast of) the Langobards and Semnones, who lived near the River Elbe.

Heptarchy
The Heptarchy was the division of Anglo-Saxon England between the sixth and eighth centuries into petty kingdoms, conventionally the seven kingdoms of East Anglia, Essex, Kent, Mercia, Northumbria, Sussex, and Wessex. The term originated with the twelfth-century historian Henry of Huntingdon and has been widely used ever since, but it has been questioned by historians as the number of kingdoms fluctuated, and there was never a time when the territory of the Anglo-Saxons was divided into seven kingdoms each ruled by one king. The period of petty kingdoms came to an end in the eighth century, when England was divided into the four dominant kingdoms of East Anglia, Mercia, Northumbria, and Wessex.
Piesmatidae
Piesmatidae is a small family of true bugs, commonly called ash-grey leaf bugs. The Piesmatidae are distributed mostly in the temperate Northern Hemisphere, with some occurring in Africa, Australia and South America. A common species found throughout the Americas is Piesma cinereum.

Ash-grey leaf bugs are small insects, some 2–4 mm overall. The head, thorax and the firm part of the wings are extensively dimpled. This resembles the similar pattern of the Tingidae of the infraorder Cimicomorpha, and was initially taken to signify a close relationship. It is due to convergent evolution however.

They feed on plant sap, mostly of Chenopodiaceae and Caryophyllaceae. Piesma linnavouri have been found on Acacia (Fabaceae). Mcateella have been found on many host plants but mostly Acacia and Proteaceae. The host plants of Miespa remain unknown.

Cimicomorpha
The Cimicomorpha are an infraorder of insects in the order Hemiptera, the true bugs. The rostrum and other morphology of some members apparently is adapted to feeding on animals as their prey or hosts.  Members include bed bugs, bat bugs, assassin bugs, and pirate bugs.

The two infraorders Cimicomorpha and Pentatomorpha have very similar characteristics, possibly as a result of the evolution of plant feeding. The key similarity that unites the Cimicomorpha and Pentatomorpha is the loss of the arolia (adhesive pads) on the pretarsi of the insects. These two infraorders comprise 90% of Heteroptera species.

These insects are a part of the old, informal classification of “Geocorisae” (land bugs). Among these bugs, parental care has evolved several times. Parental care varies from brooding of the eggs by the female, to a more active form that involves protection of young against predators and the female covering the nymphs under her body.
Pitstone & Ivinghoe F.C.
Pitstone & Ivinghoe Football Club are a football club based in Pitstone, near Leighton Buzzard, England. They are members of the Spartan South Midlands League Division Two. The club is affiliated to the Berks & Bucks Football Association.

Leighton Buzzard
Leighton Buzzard (/ˈleɪtən ˈbʌzərd/ ⓘ LAY-tən BUZ-ərd) is a market town in the civil parish of Leighton–Linslade, in the Central Bedfordshire district, in Bedfordshire, England, in the southwest of the county and close to the Buckinghamshire border. It lies between Aylesbury, Tring, Luton/Dunstable and Milton Keynes, near the Chiltern Hills.

It is 36 miles (58 km) northwest of Central London and linked to the capital by the Grand Union Canal and the West Coast Main Line. The built-up area extends on either side of the River Ouzel (here about 2 metres (6 ft 7 in) wide) to include its historically separate neighbour Linslade, and is administered by Leighton-Linslade Town Council.
A Surfeit of H2O
"A Surfeit of H2O" is the eighth episode of the fourth series of the 1960s cult British spy-fi television series The Avengers, starring Patrick Macnee and Diana Rigg. It was first broadcast by Scottish Television on Tuesday 16 November 1965. ABC Weekend Television, who commissioned the show, broadcast it in its own regions four days later on Saturday 20 November 1965. The episode was directed by Sidney Hayers and written by Colin Finbow.

Spy-fi (subgenre)
Spy-fi is a subgenre of spy fiction that includes elements of science fiction, and is often associated with the Cold War. Features of spy-fi include the effects of technology on the espionage trade and the technological gadgets used by the characters, even though the technologies and gadgets portrayed are well beyond contemporary scientific reality.
Wallace Buttrick
Wallace Buttrick (October 23, 1853 – May 28, 1926) was an American Baptist minister who served as secretary (1903–1917), president (1917–1923), and chairman (1923–1926) of the General Education Board, and as a trustee of the Rockefeller Foundation (1917–1926). Wallace Buttrick believed that schools, teachers, and institutions were not necessary for education however, for those who were less fortunate this served as the only medium for learning. The academic and administrative building Buttrick Hall at Agnes Scott College is named in Buttrick's honor. He is cited as a friend of the college, the opening of Buttrick Hall was celebrated May 30, 1930.

Buttrick was born in Potsdam, New York on October 23, 1853. He died in Baltimore, Maryland on May 28, 1926 at the age of 72.

Potsdam, New York
Potsdam is a town in St. Lawrence County, New York, United States. The town population was 8,162 at the 2024 census. When the State University of New York at Potsdam and Clarkson University are in session, the population increases by approximately 8,000 students. The town is named after the city of Potsdam in Germany.

The town of Potsdam also contains a village named Potsdam.  Potsdam is centrally located within the county and northeast of Canton, the county seat.
RV Kaharoa II
RV Kaharoa II is a research vessel operated by Earth Sciences New Zealand (formerly NIWA). The contract for her construction was awarded to Astilleros Armon Vigo in Spain in 2022 as a replacement for the RV Kaharoa, put into service in 1981. She was launched in 2023 and entered service in 2024.

Research vessel
A research vessel (RV or R/V) is a ship or boat designed, modified, or equipped to carry out research at sea. Research vessels carry out a number of roles which can be combined into a single vessel but others require a dedicated vessel. Due to the demanding nature of the work, research vessels may be constructed around an icebreaker hull, allowing them to operate in polar waters.
Abstract algebraic logic
In mathematical logic, abstract algebraic logic is the study of the algebraization of deductive systems
arising as an abstraction of the well-known Lindenbaum–Tarski algebra, and how the resulting algebras are related to logical systems.

Formal system
A formal system (or deductive system) is an abstract structure and formalization of an axiomatic system used for deducing, using rules of inference, theorems from axioms.

In 1921, David Hilbert proposed to use formal systems as the foundation of knowledge in mathematics.
However, in 1931 Kurt Gödel proved that any consistent formal system sufficiently powerful to express basic arithmetic cannot prove its own completeness. This effectively showed that Hilbert's program was impossible as stated.

The term formalism is sometimes a rough synonym for formal system, but it also refers to a given style of notation, for example, Paul Dirac's bra–ket notation.
The Family Secret
The Family Secret is the title of three separate unrelated films:

The Family Secret (1924 film), an American silent drama film directed by William A. Seiter

The Family Secret (1936 film), a Swedish comedy film directed by Gustaf Molander

The Family Secret (1951 film), an American crime film directed by Henry Levin

"The Family Secret!, a 1989 episode of The Raccoons

The Family Secret (album), a 2003 album by Oteil and the Peacemakers

The Family Secret (1936 film)
The Family Secret (Swedish: Familjens hemlighe) is a 1936 Swedish comedy film directed by Gustaf Molander and starring Olof Winnerstrand, Karin Swanström and Erik 'Bullen' Berglund. It is based on the 1903 French play The Secret of Polichinelle by Pierre Wolff, and a French adaptation was also produced the same year. The film premiered in Gothenburg in December 1936.

The film's sets were designed by the art director Arne Åkermark.
St George Steam Packet Company
The St George Steam Packet Company – also referred to as the Liverpool and Isle of Man Steam Packet Company or the St George Steamship Company – was a privately owned maritime transportation company incorporated in 1821. In the early 1840s the business was acquired by the Cork Steamship Company.

Douglas, Isle of Man
Douglas (Manx: Doolish, pronounced [ˈdðuːlʲəʃ]) is the capital city and largest settlement of the Isle of Man, with a population of 26,677 (2021) and an area of 4.1 square miles (10.5 km2). It is located at the mouth of the River Douglas, and on a sweeping bay of two miles (three kilometres). The River Douglas forms part of the city's harbour and main commercial port.

Douglas was a small settlement until it grew rapidly as a result of links with the English port of Liverpool in the 18th century. Further population growth came in the following century, resulting during the 1860s in a staged transfer of the High Courts, the Lieutenant Governor's residence (actually located in nearby Onchan), and finally the seat of the legislature, Tynwald, to Douglas from the ancient capital, Castletown.

The city is the island's main hub for business, finance, legal services, shipping, transport, shopping, and entertainment. The annual Isle of Man TT motorcycle races start and finish in Douglas.
Common ownership
Common ownership refers to holding the assets of an organization, enterprise, or community indivisibly rather than in the names of the individual members or groups of members as common property. Forms of common ownership exist in every economic system. Common ownership of the means of production is a central goal of socialist political movements as it is seen as a necessary democratic mechanism for the creation and continued function of a communist society. Advocates make a distinction between collective ownership and common property (the commons) as the former refers to property owned jointly by agreement of a set of colleagues, such as producer cooperatives, whereas the latter refers to assets that are completely open for access, such as a public park freely available to everyone.

Acts 4
Acts 4 is the fourth chapter of the Acts of the Apostles in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. The book containing this chapter is anonymous but early Christian tradition affirmed that Luke composed this book as well as the Gospel of Luke. This chapter records the Sanhedrin's arrest and subsequent release of the apostles in the aftermath of a healing by Simon Peter and his preaching in Solomon's Portico in the Temple in Jerusalem.
Palestrina Cathedral
Palestrina Cathedral (Italian: Duomo di Palestrina; Cattedrale di Sant'Agapito martire) is a Roman Catholic cathedral located in Palestrina, in the region of Lazio, Italy. It is the episcopal seat of the Suburbicarian Diocese of Palestrina, and dedicated to Saint Agapitus.

Suburbicarian Diocese of Palestrina
The Suburbicarian Diocese of Palestrina (Latin: Diocesis Praenestina) is a Latin suburbicarian diocese centered on the comune of Palestrina in Italy.

The current bishop of Palestrina is Mauro Parmeggiani, who was appointed by Pope Francis on 19 February 2019. Prior to his appointment, he had served as Apostolic Administrator following the resignation of his predecessor, Bishop Emeritus Domenico Sigalini, on 31 July 2017 due to age.
Leslie Toal
Leslie Toal  is a retired Irish Gaelic footballer who played as a defender for the Louth senior football team and at club level with Clan na Gael. He also represented his county in hurling for several years.

Gaelic football, hurling and camogie positions
The following are the positions in the Gaelic sports of Gaelic football, hurling and camogie.

Each team consists of one goalkeeper (who wears a different colour jersey), six backs, two midfielders, and six forwards: 15 players in all. Some under-age games are played 13-a-side (in which case the full-back and full-forward positions are removed) or 11-a-side (in which case the full-back, centre back, centre forward and full-forward positions are removed).

The positions are listed below, with the jersey number usually worn by players in that position given.
Richa (surname)
Richa is a surname. Notable people with this surname include:

Ana Richa (born 1966), Brazilian beach volleyball player

Andréa W. Richa, Brazilian-American computer scientist

Antonio Dominguez Richa (1932–2020), Panamanian politician

Beto Richa (born 1965), Brazilian engineer and politician

José Richa (1934–2003), Brazilian politician, namesake of José Richa Hydroelectric Plant

Susana Richa de Torrijos (born 1924), Panamanian educator, essayist, and politician

Ziad Richa (born 1967), Lebanese skeet shooter

José Richa Hydroelectric Plant
The Governor José Richa Hydroelectric Plant, formerly known as Salto Caxias, is a dam and hydroelectric power plant on the Iguazu River near Caxias in Paraná, Brazil. It is the first dam upstream of the Iguazu Falls and was constructed between 1995 and 1999. The power station has a 1,240-megawatt (1,660,000 hp) capacity and is supplied with water by a roller-compacted concrete gravity dam.

It is owned and operated by Copel who renamed it after José Richa, governor of Paraná between 1983 and 1986.
The King's Thief
The King's Thief is a 1955 swashbuckling CinemaScope adventure film directed by Robert Z. Leonard, who replaced Hugo Fregonese during filming. Released on August 5, 1955, the film takes place in London at the time of Charles II and stars Ann Blyth, Edmund Purdom, David Niven, George Sanders and Roger Moore.

Swashbuckler film
A swashbuckler film is characterised by swordfighting and adventurous heroic characters, known as swashbucklers. While morality is typically clear-cut, heroes and villains alike often, but not always, follow a code of honor. Some swashbuckler films have romantic elements, most frequently a damsel in distress. Both real and fictional historical events often feature prominently in the plot.
Post-conflict reception of war criminals
The reception of individuals guilty of violations of international criminal law after a conflict differs greatly, ranging from bringing them to justice in war crimes trials to ignoring their crimes or even glorifying them as heroes. Such issues have led to controversies in many countries, including Australia, the United States, Germany, the Baltic states, Japan, and the former Yugoslavia.

International criminal law
International criminal law (ICL) is a body of public international law designed to prohibit certain categories of conduct commonly viewed as serious atrocities and to make perpetrators of such conduct criminally accountable for their perpetration. The core crimes under international law are genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and the crime of aggression.

Classical international law governs the relationships, rights, and responsibilities of states. After World War II, the Charter of the International Military Tribunal and the following Nuremberg trial revolutionized international law by applying its prohibitions directly to individuals, in this case the defeated leaders of Nazi Germany, thus inventing international criminal law. After being dormant for decades, international criminal law was revived in the 1990s to address the war crimes in the Yugoslav Wars and the Rwandan genocide, leading to the establishment of a permanent International Criminal Court in 2001.
Annabelle Neilson
Iona Annabelle Neilson (formerly Rothschild; 31 March 1969 – 12 July 2018) was a British socialite, fashion model, author and television personality. She first gained media attention as the muse of the fashion designer Alexander McQueen. She appeared as a cast member on the Bravo reality television series Ladies of London (2014–2015).

Neilson was the first wife of Nathaniel Rothschild, 5th Baron Rothschild, from the Rothschild banking family of England.

Jamie Oliver
Jamie Trevor Oliver MBE OSI (born 27 May 1975) is an English celebrity chef, restaurateur and cookbook author. He is known for his casual approach to cuisine, and he has fronted many television shows and opened numerous restaurants.

Oliver reached the public eye when his BBC Two series The Naked Chef premiered in 1999. In 2005, he started a campaign, Feed Me Better, to introduce schoolchildren to healthier foods, which was later backed by the government. He was the owner of a restaurant chain, Jamie Oliver Restaurant Group, which opened its first restaurant, Jamie's Italian, The chain went into administration in May 2019.

Oliver is a best-selling British non-fiction author. As of February 2019, Oliver had sold more than 14.55 million books. His TED Talk won him the 2010 TED Prize. In June 2003, Oliver was made a Member of the Order of the British Empire for "services to the hospitality industry".
Nagdah Union
Nagdah Union (Bengali: নাগদাহ ইউনিয়ন) is a union parishad of Alamdanga Upazila, in Chuadanga District, Khulna Division of Bangladesh. The union has an area of 124.58 square kilometres (48.10 sq mi) and as of 2001 had a population of 43,201. There are 30 villages and 15 mouzas in the union.

Chuadanga District
Chuadanga District (Bengali: চুয়াডাঙ্গা জেলা) is a district in south western Bangladesh, specifically Khulna Division, Bangladesh. It is bordered by the Indian state of  West Bengal to the west, Meherpur District to the northwest, Jessore District to the south, Jhenaidah District to the east, and Kushtia District to the north. Before partition Chuadanga was one of the five subdivisions of Nadia district.
Poster paint
Poster paint (also known as tempera paint in the US, poster color in Asia) is a distemper paint that usually uses starch, cornstarch, cellulose, gum-water or another glue size as its binder. It either comes in large bottles or jars or in a powdered form. It is normally a cheap paint used in school art classes.

Asian poster paints are similar to gouache, albeit has a thinner viscosity, uses gum arabic and/or dextrin as a binder, and use inexpensive and less lightfast pigments more coarsely ground, with added brighteners to make the paints affordable.  Poster colors are used in art classes, in animation production, and in scanning and printing. Notable brands that produce poster colors include Kokuyo Camlin, Monami, Pentel, Sakura, and Nicker.

Sakura Color Products Corporation
Sakura Color Products Corporation (株式会社サクラクレパス, Kabushiki-gaisha Sakura Kurepasu) is a Japanese manufacturing company headquartered in Morinomiya-chūō, Chūō-ku, Osaka, which produces a variety of stationery products as well a wide range of art materials. Nevertheless, Sakura is mostly known by its marker pens, such as the Pigma line.
Bierbauer
Bierbauer (literally meaning "beer farmer" in German) is a surname of German origin. Notable people with the surname include:

Charles Bierbauer (1942–2025), American journalist and television news anchor

Lou Bierbauer (1865–1926), American baseball player of German descent

Charles Bierbauer
Charles Bierbauer (July 22, 1942 – August 29, 2025) was an American journalist and television news anchor. He later worked as an academic and was dean of the College of Mass Communications and Information Studies at the University of South Carolina.

Bierbauer spent over two decades at CNN, where he served as Pentagon correspondent, senior White House correspondent for almost a decade during the Reagan and George H. W. Bush administrations, covered the U.S. Supreme Court, and was the network's senior Washington, D.C. correspondent. As a CNN correspondent, he reported on five presidential campaigns and traveled with U.S. presidents to all 50 states and over 30 nations.
Charles Coote, 1st Earl of Bellomont
Charles Coote, 1st Earl of Bellomont, KB, PC (Ire), (6 April 1738 – 20 October 1800) was an Anglo-Irish politician who served as one of the Postmasters General of Ireland. Charles was briefly styled as the Baron Coote between February 1766 and his elevation to the earldom in September 1767.

Earl
Earl (/ɜːrl, ɜːrəl/) is a rank of the nobility in the United Kingdom. In modern Britain, an earl is a member of the peerage, ranking below a marquess and above a viscount. A feminine form of earl never developed; instead, countess is used.

The title originates in the Old English word eorl, meaning "a man of noble birth or rank". The word is cognate with the Scandinavian form jarl. After the Norman Conquest, it became the equivalent of the continental count. In Scotland, it assimilated the concept of mormaer. Since the 1960s, earldoms have typically been created only for members of the royal family. The last non-royal earldom, Earl of Stockton, was created in 1984 for Harold Macmillan, prime minister from 1957 to 1963.

Alternative names for the rank equivalent to "earl" or "count" in the nobility structure are used in other countries, such as the hakushaku (伯爵) of the post-restoration Japanese Imperial era.
Norway Lake (Addington Highlands)
Norway Lake is a lake in the Moira River and Lake Ontario drainage basins in Addington Highlands, Lennox and Addington County, Ontario, Canada.

The lake is about 0.6 kilometres (0.4 mi) long and 0.4 kilometres (0.2 mi) wide and lies at an elevation of 340 metres (1,115 ft) about 17 kilometres (11 mi) east of the community of Gunter and 15.5 kilometres (10 mi) northwest of the community of Cloyne. The primary outflow, at the southwest, is an unnamed creek to Rainy Lake, whose waters flow via Rainy Creek, Partridge Creek, the Skootamatta River and the Moira River into the Bay of Quinte on Lake Ontario at Belleville.

Skootamatta River
The Skootamatta River is a river in the Lake Ontario drainage basin in Hastings and Lennox and Addington Counties in Ontario, Canada. It flows from Joeperry Lake to join the Moira River in Tweed. The river's name is thought to come from Ojibwa words meaning "burnt shoreline".
St Joseph's Catholic School, Mundingburra
St Joseph's Catholic School is an independent Roman Catholic co-educational primary school, located in the Townsville suburb of Mundingburra, Queensland, Australia. It is administered by the Queensland Catholic Education Commission, with an enrolment of 360 students and a teaching staff of 29, as of 2023. The school serves students from Prep to Year 6, and is part of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Townsville.

Year 6
Year 6 is an educational year group in schools in many countries including Japan, most of Africa, Australia and New Zealand. It is usually the sixth year of compulsory education and incorporates students aged between ten and eleven.  It is generally the same as 5th grade in the United States, although the birthday cutoff date varies for different countries and schools.