hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tabarchino
Tabarchino or Tabarkino (endonym: tabarchin) is a dialect of the Ligurian language spoken in Sardinia.

Tabarchino is spoken in the communities of Carloforte on San Pietro Island and Calasetta on Sant'Antioco Island, which are located in the Archipelago of Sulcis in the Province of South Sardinia.

Tabarchino enjoys regional recognition through the laws on the promotion of the Sardinian language and culture (l.r. N.26/97, l.r. N.22/18).

Carloforte Tabarchino retains very few archaisms and is very close to modern Genoese; on the other hand, Calasetta Tabarchino has many more archaisms and is very close to 17th century Ligurian, and its lexicon is also more Sardinian-influenced. The two dialects share words of Tunisian Arabic and French derivation.

Sant'Antioco
Sant'Antioco (Italian pronunciation: [santanˈtiːoko]; Sardinian: Santu Antiogu) is a town and municipality on the island of the same name in southwestern Sardinia, in the Province of Sulcis Iglesiente, in the Sulcis subregion. With a population of 10,451, the municipality of Sant'Antioco is the island's largest settlement. It is also the site of ancient Sulci, considered the second city of Sardinia in antiquity.
James Frederick Dawson
James Frederick Dawson (1874–1941) was an American landscape architect. His father, Jackson Thornton Dawson, was superintendent of the Arnold Arboretum, and Dawson himself was actually born in the arboretum.  Dawson graduated from Harvard University in 1896 and joined the Olmsted Brothers landscape design firm, where he led many significant commissions. He became a full partner in 1922.

Landscape architect
A landscape architect is a person who is educated and trained in the field of landscape architecture.

According to the International Federation of Landscape Architects, which draws on International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO/08, 2162), the profession is defined as:

Landscape Architects plan, design and manage natural and built environments, applying aesthetic and scientific principles to address ecological sustainability, quality and health of landscapes, collective memory, heritage and culture, and territorial justice.

Other definitions emphasise the technical and regulatory aspects of practice. For example, landscape architecture may include site analysis and inventory, land and site planning, planting design, grading and earthworks, nature based solutions, stormwater management, sustainable design, engagement, construction specification, and ensuring compliance with building codes, planning policy, and environmental regulation.
Feferman–Vaught theorem
The Feferman–Vaught theorem  in model theory is a theorem by Solomon Feferman and Robert Lawson Vaught that shows how to reduce, in an algorithmic way, the first-order theory of a product of structures to the first-order theory of elements of the structure.

The theorem is considered to be one of the standard results in model theory. The theorem extends the previous result of Andrzej Mostowski on direct products of theories.
It generalizes (to formulas with arbitrary quantifiers) the property in universal algebra that equalities (identities) carry over to direct products of algebraic structures (which is a consequence of one direction of Birkhoff's theorem).

Universal algebra
Universal algebra (sometimes called general algebra) is the field of mathematics that studies algebraic structures in general, not specific types of algebraic structures.
For instance, rather than considering groups or rings as the object of study—this is the subject of group theory and ring theory— in universal algebra, the object of study is the possible types of algebraic structures and their relationships.
Peter Peri
Peter Peri is a British artist known for his work in painting and drawing. He lives and works in London, where he was born.

Peri studied at Chelsea College of Art, London, graduating from the MA programme in 2003. He made his debut in 2003 at Bloomberg New Contemporaries. He has also shown at Art Now at Tate Britain in April 2007, the Kunsthalle Basel, Switzerland in September 2006 and his work was shown at Tate Britain's Classified and the Arts Council Collection's How to Improve the World: 60 Years of British Art at the Hayward Gallery, London.

Peri's work has a personal connection to Modernism. His grandfather was Laszlo Péri (1899–1967), a Hungarian émigré to Britain who was involved in Constructivism before turning to architecture and later in his life to Realism. After 1945 his grandfather adopted the name "Peter Peri" also.

Chelsea College of Arts
Chelsea College of Arts is a constituent college of the University of the Arts London, a public art and design university in London, England.

It offers further and higher education courses in fine art, graphic design, interior design, product design, and textile design up to PhD level.
William Morgan (cricketer, born 1862)
William Morgan (1862 – 22 October 1914) was a Welsh first-class cricketer.

Born at Nantgarw near Cardiff in 1862, Morgan made two appearances in first-class cricket, both for the West of England. Both matches came against the East in the East v West fixtures, with the first played at Portsmouth in September 1892, and the second played at the same venue in 1894. He took three wickets across the two matches. He later played minor counties cricket for Glamorgan in 1901 and 1902, making seven appearances in the Minor Counties Championship. He died at Porthleven, Cornwall, in October 1914.

Nantgarw
Nantgarw is a village in the county borough of Rhondda Cynon Taf, Wales, near Cardiff.

From an electoral and administrative perspective Nantgarw falls within the ward of Taff's Well, a village some 2+1⁄2 miles (4 km) south, but historically fell within the boundaries of Caerphilly, which is a major town located less than 2+1⁄2 miles (4 km) to the east.

The original village was almost entirely destroyed by the development of the A470 trunk road, which was situated at the location of the current A468 junction.  Located close to the A470, Nantgarw is within easy reach of the town of Pontypridd (5+1⁄2 miles (9 km) to the northwest) and Cardiff City centre (around 7+1⁄2 miles (12 km) further south). Nantgarw is the home of the Nantgarw tradition of folk dancing.
Sheppard Avenue
Sheppard Avenue is an east–west principal arterial road in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The street has two distinct branches near its eastern end, with the original route being a collector road leading to Pickering via a turnoff, and the main route following a later-built roadway which runs south to Kingston Road. To avoid name duplication, the Toronto portion of the northern branch was renamed Twyn Rivers Drive. The section of the street entirely in Toronto is 34.2 kilometres in length, while the Pickering section and Twyn Rivers Dr. is 5.4 kilometres long.

Arterial road
An arterial road or arterial thoroughfare is a high-capacity urban road that sits below highways on the road hierarchy in terms of traffic flow and speed. The primary function of an arterial road is to deliver traffic from collector roads to highways or expressways, and between urban hubs at a relatively high level of service. Therefore, many arteries are limited-access roads or feature restrictions on private access. Because of their relatively high accessibility, many major roads face large amounts of land use and urban development, making them significant urban places.

In traffic engineering hierarchy, an arterial road delivers traffic between collector roads and highways. For new arterial roads, intersections are often reduced to increase traffic flow. In California, arterial roads are usually spaced every half mile, and have intersecting collector(s) and streets.
Amanzimtoti
Amanzimtoti, locally nicknamed Toti, and officially renamed to eManzimtoti, is a coastal town just south of Durban in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Situated along the Sapphire Coast, the town is well known for its warm climate and numerous beaches, and is a popular tourist destination, particularly with surfers.

EThekwini Metropolitan Municipality
The eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality (Zulu: UMasipala weDolobhakazi laseThekwini) is a metropolitan municipality, created in 2000, that includes the city of Durban and surrounding towns. eThekwini is one of the 11 districts of the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa. As of 2011, the majority of its 3,442,361 inhabitants spoke isiZulu.
Teresa Kubiak
Teresa Kubiak (born 26 December 1937) is a Polish operatic soprano.

Born in Ldzań in the Łódź Voivodeship, she studied at the Academy of Music in Łódź. Kubiak is best known for her recording of the role of Tatyana in Georg Solti's recording of Tchaikovsky's Eugene Onegin, which was used for Petr Weigl's 1988 film of the opera. She was also known for her performances of Liza in Tchaikovsky's Pique Dame.

Kubiak made her American debut in 1970 at Carnegie Hall, New York City, as Sulamith in Goldmark's Die Königin von Saba. She sang at the Metropolitan Opera for 15 seasons, appearing in 14 roles.

In 2012 she was awarded the medal Fides Et Ratio (Faith and Reason) by the Warsaw University Association, Poland.

Kubiak was a professor of music and voice at Indiana University's Jacobs School of Music for over 25 years, retiring in 2018.

Jacobs School of Music
The Jacobs School of Music is the music school of Indiana University Bloomington in Bloomington, Indiana.

Established in 1921, the school was known as the Indiana University School of Music until 2005, when it became the Jacobs School. The school offers graduate and undergraduate degrees in performance (classical, jazz, voice, ballet), music business, music education, theory, composition, and technology (audio engineering, music production, scoring).

Approximately 1,600 students from all 50 U.S. states and more than 55 countries study in a conservatory atmosphere amidst the academic resources of a major research university.

Approximately half of the school's students are undergraduates, with the second largest enrollment of all music schools accredited by the National Association of Schools of Music.
Omega Aquarii
The Bayer designation Omega Aquarii (ω Aqr / ω Aquarii) is shared by two star systems, in the constellation Aquarius:

ω1 Aquarii (102 Aquarii)

ω2 Aquarii (105 Aquarii)

They are separated by 0.78° on the sky.

All of them were member of asterism 羽林軍 (Yǔ Lín Jūn), Palace Guard, Encampment mansion.

Star system
A star system or stellar system is a small number of stars that orbit each other, bound by gravitational attraction. It may sometimes be used to refer to a single star. A large group of stars bound by gravitation is generally called a star cluster or galaxy, although, broadly speaking, they are also star systems. Star systems are not to be confused with planetary systems, which include planets and similar bodies (such as comets).
Frognerbadet
Frognerbadet ("the Frogner Baths") is a pool complex in the borough of Frogner in Oslo, Norway. It was designed by architect Frode Rinnan.

Located adjacent to Frognerparken, it opened in 1956, and doubles as a public bath and swimming pool and a professional swimming venue. The festival Norwegian Wood used to be hosted within its premises. It is also associated with the origins of death diving, and hosts the annual Døds Diving World Championship.

It has two 50-meter pools, one with 8 lanes for competitive swimming, and a diving pool with springboards and platforms at heights of 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 meters.

Frogner
Frogner is a residential and retail borough in the West End of Oslo, Norway, with a population of 59,269 as of 2020. In addition to the original Frogner, the borough incorporates Bygdøy, Uranienborg and Majorstuen. The borough is named after Frogner Manor, and includes Frogner Park.  The borough has the highest real estate prices in Norway.
MV Kalakala
Motor Vessel Kalakala (pronounced /kəˈlɑːkəˌlɑː/) was a ferry that operated on Puget Sound from 1935 until her retirement in 1967.

MV Kalakala was notable for her unique streamlined superstructure, art deco styling, and luxurious amenities. The vessel was a popular attraction for locals and tourists, and was voted second only to the Space Needle in popularity among visitors to Seattle during the 1962 Seattle World's Fair. The ship is known as the world's first streamlined vessel for her unique art deco styling.

After retiring from passenger service in 1967, the ship was beached in Kodiak, Alaska, and converted to a shrimp cannery. In 1998, the ship was refloated and towed to Puget Sound with the owner hoping to restore the ship. During this time, the ship continued to deteriorate, with the Coast Guard declaring the ship a hazard to navigation in 2011. Unable to raise the funds required for restoration, the ship was scrapped in 2015.

Kirkland, Washington
Kirkland is a city in King County, Washington, United States. A suburb east of Seattle, its population was 92,175 in the 2020 U.S. census which made it the sixth largest city in King County and the twelfth largest city in the state of Washington.

The city's downtown waterfront has restaurants, art galleries, a performing arts center, public parks, beaches, and a collection of public art that includes bronze sculptures.

Kirkland was the original home of the Seattle Seahawks; the NFL team's headquarters and training facility were located at the Lake Washington Shipyard (now Carillon Point) along Lake Washington for their first ten seasons (1976–85), then at nearby Northwest University through 2007. Warehouse chain Costco previously had its headquarters in Kirkland. While Costco is now headquartered in Issaquah, the city is the namesake of its "Kirkland Signature" store brand. American video game company Valve was also founded in Kirkland.
Blue on Blue (Bobby Vinton album)
Blue on Blue, later renamed Blue Velvet, is Bobby Vinton's sixth studio album, released in 1963. Cover versions include the jazz songs "St. Louis Blues" and "Blueberry Hill", "Am I Blue", "Blue, Blue Day", the Fleetwoods' hit "Mr. Blue", "My Blue Heaven", three show tunes ("Blue Skies", "Blue Hawaii" and "Blue Moon"), and The Clovers Rhythm and blues hit, "Blue Velvet".

The song "Blue on Blue" was mentioned in Kim Mitchell's hit song "Patio Lanterns".

My Blue Heaven (song)
"My Blue Heaven" is a popular song written by Walter Donaldson with lyrics by George A. Whiting.  The song was used in the Ziegfeld Follies of 1927.  It has become part of various fake book collections. Its musical composition entered the public domain on January 1, 2023.

In 1928, "My Blue Heaven" became a huge hit on Victor 20964-A for crooner Gene Austin, accompanied by the Victor Orchestra as directed by Nat Shilkret. It charted for 26 weeks, stayed at number one for 13, and sold over five million copies worldwide. Victor 20964-A was recorded on September 14, 1927  and was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 1978. The recording was reissued as Victor 24573 and has been reissued on several commercially available CDs.
Ocular melanosis
Ocular melanosis (OM) is a blue-gray and/or brown lesion of the conjunctiva that can be separated into benign conjunctival epithelial melanosis (BCEM) and primary acquired melanosis (PAM), of which the latter is considered a risk factor for uveal melanoma. The disease is caused by an increase of melanocytes in the iris, choroid, and surrounding structures. Overproduction of pigment by these cells can block the trabecular meshwork through which fluid drains from the eye. The increased fluid in the eye leads to increased pressure, which can lead to glaucoma. In humans, this is sometimes known as pigment dispersion syndrome.

Melanocyte
Melanocytes are melanin-producing neural crest-derived cells located in the bottom layer (the stratum basale) of the skin's epidermis, the middle layer of the eye (the uvea), the inner ear, vaginal epithelium, meninges, bones, and heart found in many mammals and birds. Melanin is a dark pigment primarily responsible for skin color. Once synthesized, melanin is contained in special organelles called melanosomes which can be transported to nearby keratinocytes to induce pigmentation. Thus darker skin tones have more melanosomes present than lighter skin tones. Functionally, melanin serves as protection against UV radiation. Melanocytes also have a role in the immune system.
Tom, Dick and Harry and Jack (Hurry Back)
"Tom, Dick and Harry and Jack (Hurry Back)" is a World War I era song released in 1917. Howard Johnson wrote the lyrics. Milton Ager composed the music. The song was published by Leo Feist, Inc. of New York City. Artist Henry Hutt designed the sheet music cover. It features four men in different service uniforms with an inset photo of either Jack Connors, Jr. or Bailey and Cowan. The inset photo varies by edition. It was written for both voice and piano.

In 1918, The Peerless Quartet recorded the song. It was released by Victor Records.  In that same year, vocalist Arthur Fields also recorded the song. It was released under the Columbia Records label.

The sheet music can be found at Pritzker Military Museum & Library.

Leo Feist
Leopold Feist (January 3, 1869, New York City or Mount Verson, New York – June 21, 1930, Mount Vernon, New York) was a pioneer in the popular music publishing business. In 1897, Feist founded and ran a music publishing firm bearing his name. In the 1920s, at the height of the golden age of popular music, his firm was among the seven largest publishers of popular music in the world. The company used the motto "You can't go wrong, with any FEIST Song."
Frank Fleming (sculptor)
Frank Fleming was a renowned sculptor who was born in Bear Creek, Alabama, in 1940 and died in 2018 at St. Vincent's Hospital after a brief illness. He had five brothers and one sister. His father was a poor farmer, while his mother was exceptionally skilled at sewing clothes. While growing up, Fleming and his brothers and sister plowed with mules and grew vegetables for family consumption.

Fleming earned a Bachelor's degree in Art from Florence State College (now the University of North Alabama) and a Master's of Fine Arts from the University of Alabama.

Mule
The mule is a domestic equine hybrid between a donkey and a horse. It is the offspring of a male donkey (a jack) and a female horse (a mare). The horse and the donkey are different species, with different numbers of chromosomes; of the two possible first-generation hybrids between them, the mule is easier to obtain and more common than the hinny, which is the offspring of a male horse (a stallion) and a female donkey (a jenny).

Mules vary widely in size, and may be of any color seen in horses or donkeys. They are more patient, hardier and longer-lived than horses, and are perceived as less obstinate and more intelligent than donkeys.: 5
Scott McCallum
James Scott McCallum (born May 2, 1950) is an American businessman and former politician. A member of the Republican Party, he was the 43rd governor of Wisconsin, ascending from the lieutenant governorship when Tommy Thompson resigned in 2001 to accept appointment as U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services. Prior to becoming governor, McCallum served 14 years as Thompson's lieutenant governor and 10 years in the Wisconsin State Senate.

Governor of Wisconsin
The governor of Wisconsin is the head of government of Wisconsin and the commander-in-chief of the state's army and air forces. The governor has a duty to enforce state laws, and the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the Wisconsin Legislature, to convene the legislature, and to grant pardons, except in cases of treason and impeachment.

The 46th and current governor is Tony Evers, a Democrat in his second term. He took office on January 7, 2019. He will not seek re-election in the 2026 election.

The position was first filled by Nelson Dewey on June 7, 1848, the year Wisconsin became a state. Prior to statehood, there were four governors of Wisconsin Territory.
Philetus W. Norris House
The Philetus W. Norris House is located in Detroit, Michigan, near the corner of Mound Road and Davison Avenue.  It was built in 1873 by Philetus W. Norris, who went on to become the second superintendent of Yellowstone National Park.  The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992 but was substantially destroyed by fire in 2016.

M-8 (Michigan highway)
M-8 is a 5.5-mile (8.9 km) state trunkline highway in the U.S. state of Michigan lying within the cities of Detroit and Highland Park. Much of it is the Davison Freeway, the nation's first urban depressed freeway, which became a connector between the Lodge (M-10) and the Chrysler (Interstate 75, I-75) freeways.

Named for Jarad Davison, an English immigrant to the area, Davison Avenue was originally the only street connecting across Highland Park to Detroit. It was rebuilt by the city and Wayne County as a freeway during World War II. The roadway was transferred to the jurisdiction of the Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT) in 1993 and numbered as M-8. Subsequent changes by the state rebuilt the freeway and extended the M-8 designation to connect to the Jeffries Freeway (I-96).
McDaniels
McDaniels is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ben McDaniels (born 1980), American football player and coach

Booker McDaniels (1913–1974), American baseball player

Darryl McDaniels (born 1964), American musician

Gene McDaniels (1935–2011), American singer-songwriter

Gisela McDaniel (born 1995), Indigenous Chamorro visual artist

Grace McDaniels (1888–1958), American circus performer

Jackie McDaniels, American poker player

Jaden McDaniels (born 2000), American basketball player

Jalen McDaniels (born 1998), American basketball player

Jim McDaniels (1948–2017), American basketball player

Josh McDaniels (born 1976), American football coach

Pellom McDaniels (born 1968), American football player

Ralph McDaniels (born 1959), American television personality

Gisela McDaniel
Gisela Charfauros McDaniel (born 1995) is an American visual artist of Indigenous Chamorro (or Chamoru) descent, working primarily with oil painting. McDaniel was born in Bellevue, Nebraska. She has lived in Detroit.
Indian (show)
INDIAN is a Czech internet show about video game produced by MediaRealms, based in Prague-Ďáblice, which took over audiovisual production from FiolaSoft and GODS studios. The show used to be broadcast on the TV channels Metropol, Pohoda and TV Pětka. The editors currently mainly produce individual reviews, shorter thematic videos and news summaries on YouTube and publish articles on the Indian-tv.cz website.

Ďáblice
Ďáblice is a municipal district (městská část) and cadastral area (katastrální území) in Prague. It is located in the northern part of the city. As of 2021, there were 3,750 inhabitants living in Ďáblice.

The first written record of Ďáblice is from the 13th century. The village became part of Prague in 1968. It is the site of the eponymous Ďáblice Observatory, built in 1956.
Summary jury trial
Summary jury trial is an alternative dispute resolution technique, increasingly being used in civil disputes in the United States.
In essence, a mock trial is held: a jury is selected and, in some cases, presented with the evidence that would be used at a real trial. The parties are required to attend the proceeding and hear the verdict that the jury brings in. After the verdict, the parties are required to once again attempt a settlement before going to a real trial.

Verdict
In law, a verdict is the formal finding of fact made by a jury on matters or questions submitted to the jury by a judge. In a bench trial, the judge's decision near the end of the trial is simply referred to as a finding. In England and Wales, a coroner's findings used to be called verdicts but are, since 2009, called conclusions (see Coroner § Inquest conclusions (previously called verdicts)).