hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
De Coster
De Coster or Decoster is a Dutch occupational surname, most common in Flanders. Coster is an archaic spelling of modern Dutch "koster" (parish clerk). People with this surname include:

Adam de Coster (c. 1586–1643), Flemish Baroque painter

Charles De Coster (1827–1879), Belgian novelist best known for his Legend of Thyl Ulenspiegel

Dominicus de Coster (c. 1560–1612), Flemish artist, printer and copperplate engraver

Jean-Baptiste De Coster (guide) (1760–1826), an unwilling Flemish guide for Napoleon at Waterloo

Jean-Baptiste De Coster (Jesuit) (1896–1968), a Belgian priest who sheltered Jews from the Holocaust

Jonathan Decoster (born 1987), American football player

Koen Decoster, Belgian historian, philosopher and translator

Maggy de Coster (born 1966), French writer

Maurice De Coster (1890–?), Belgian football player

Roger De Coster (born 1944), Belgian motocross racer and team manager

Saskia De Coster (born 1976), Belgian writer

Jean-Baptiste De Coster (Jesuit)
Jean-Baptiste De Coster (1896–1968) was a Belgian Jesuit who was recognised as Righteous Among the Nations for his role in sheltering Jews from Nazi persecution in German-occupied Belgium during World War II.

During the occupation, De Coster was the headmaster of the College of Saint John Berchmans in Brussels. De Coster used the school to hide Jews, particularly children, from Nazi persecution. Some refugees were also hidden by De Coster in a monastery and disguised as novice monks. Among others it is known that De Coster found a place to hide for the Blinder family. De Coster reportedly stated: "If these persecuted people are taken, I would have the consolation to leave with them."

De Coster was recognised as Righteous Among the Nations by Israel in 1975.
The Ashes of Empire
The Ashes of Empire is a turn-based strategy game, which appeared in several adaptions as a play-by-mail game or online game.

The game starts on an imaginary map with fixed stars. Each player has home planets and has to conquer the universe. Like in Master of Orion each player produces with his industries different units for defence and attack. The players can form alliances or attack each other. The game ends when the game reached a previously defined total of rounds or a player rules over a great part of the universe.

The game was founded as a two-player version of the Cold War and expanded to a game with up to eight starting positions with a universe of 40 planets. Since 1982, the game has been compiled for VC20, C64, C128, Amiga 500, Atari ST, DOS and Windows. The main programmers were Mike Costello and Harald Topf.

Master of Orion
Master of Orion (abbreviated as MoO) is a turn-based, 4X science fiction strategy game in which the player leads one of ten races to dominate the galaxy through a combination of diplomacy and conquest while developing technology, exploring and colonizing star systems.

Sometimes described as a scifi-themed spin-off of classic Civilization, the game has proven to be quite enduring, becoming a cult classic in its niche of sci-fi-themed 4X strategy games. It has received several direct sequels, and additionally, a number of other games published since have been described as inspired by it, with reviewers and players divided on whether any has succeeded at recapturing the feeling and gameplay of the original.

The game was released in 1993 by MicroProse on the MS-DOS operating system. It was ported to Mac OS in 1995 by Take-Two Interactive and distributed by GameTek. It is the first in its franchise, and the rights are held by Wargaming.
Hongcheon Idu FC
Hongcheon Idu Football Club (Korean: 홍천 이두 FC) is a South Korean football club that is currently a member of the National League.

The team started out life as INGNEX FC, and applied for league membership in 2006 but its application was rejected, however it was successful the second time around and was admitted to the 2007 National League. The team initially planned to play their home games in Yeosu, but a disagreement with the Yeosu city government left them homeless for the entire season.

After failing to register in time for the 2008 season, INGNEX FC was sold to Idu Construction. They relocated the team to Hongcheon and paid the necessary registration fees to compete in the 2008 season under the new name of Hongcheon Idu FC.

Yeosu
Yeosu, formerly romanized as Yosu, is a coastal city located on the southern shore of South Korea. With a population of 268,823, Yeosu is the second largest city in South Jeolla Province. In 1998, the Old Yeosu City, Yeocheon City and Yeocheon County were merged and the current city, Yeosu, was formed.
Geert-Jan Derikx
Geert-Jan Marie Derikx (born 31 October 1980 in Den Bosch, North Brabant) is a field hockey player from the Netherlands, who won the silver medal with the Dutch national squad at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens.

The defender made his debut on 1 May 2002 in a friendly match against Germany: 1-1. He plays for Stichtse Cricket en Hockey Club in the Dutch League (Hoofdklasse), after a long time spell with HC Klein Zwitserland in The Hague. His younger brother Rob is also a member of the Dutch field hockey squad. In the summer of 2007 he moved to Amsterdam.

Stichtsche Cricket en Hockey Club
Stichtsche Cricket en Hockey Club, commonly known as SCHC, is a Dutch professional sports club based in Bilthoven, Utrecht. The club was founded on 22 November 1906. The club is best known for its field hockey department but it also has a rugby union and a cricket section.

The first men's hockey team played in de the second division until the 2020–21 season called the Promotieklasse after being relegated in the 2018–19 season. While the women's team has played on the highest level since 2004.
Backhaul (trucking)
In trucking, a backhaul is a hauling cargo back from point B to the originating point A.  Since it costs almost as much time to drive empty as fully loaded, the truck is often hired to carry revenue cargo on both the outbound and backhaul legs of a cargo route. This makes economic sense, since it helps to pay for the operating expenses for the trip back to the originating point A for the trucking company and/or trucker. This is a big problem often overlooked in the trucking industry especially because truckers get high-paying loads to offset the empty rig they drive back to the load up point.

Cargo
In transportation, cargo refers to goods transported by land, water or air, while freight refers to its conveyance. In economics, freight refers to goods transported at a freight rate for commercial gain. The term cargo is also used in case of goods in the cold-chain, because the perishable inventory is always in transit towards a final end-use, even when it is held in cold storage or other similar climate-controlled facilities, including warehouses.

Multi-modal container units, designed as reusable carriers to facilitate unit load handling of the goods contained, are also referred to as cargo, especially by shipping lines and logistics operators. When empty containers are shipped each unit is documented as a cargo and when goods are stored within, the contents are termed containerized cargo. Similarly, aircraft ULD boxes are also documented as cargo, with an associated packing list of the items contained within.
Matilde Lalín
Matilde Noemí Lalín is an Argentine-Canadian mathematician specializing in number theory and known for her work on L-functions, Mahler measure, and their connections. She is a professor of mathematics at the Université de Montréal.

Mahler measure
In mathematics, the Mahler measure  of a polynomial  with complex coefficients is defined as

where  factorizes over the complex numbers  as

The Mahler measure can be viewed as a kind of height function. Using Jensen's formula, it can be proved that this measure is also equal to the geometric mean of  for  on the unit circle (i.e., ):

By extension, the Mahler measure of an algebraic number  is defined as the Mahler measure of the minimal polynomial of  over . In particular, if  is a Pisot number or a Salem number, then its Mahler measure is simply .

The Mahler measure is named after the German-born Australian mathematician Kurt Mahler.
Structure of the United States Space Force
The United States Space Force includes the Space Staff, the field commands, space deltas, and squadrons.

The Space Force is organized as one of two coequal military service branches within the Department of the Air Force, the other being the United States Air Force. Both services are overseen by the Secretary of the Air Force, who has overall responsibility for organizing, training, and equipping the Air Force and Space Force.

The military head of the Space Force is the chief of space operations (CSO), who is an officer in the grade of general.

Combined Force Space Component Command
The Combined Force Space Component Command (CFSCC) was a U.S.-led multinational subordinate command of United States Space Command. It was responsible for tactical control of American and multinational space forces. The CFSCC's mission was to "plan, integrate, conduct, and assess global space operations in order to deliver combat relevant space capabilities to Combatant Commanders, Coalition partners, the Joint Force, and the Nation." It was established on 29 August 2019.

The United States Space Force's Space Operations Command West served as the headquarters and staff for the Combined Force Space Component Command.

CFSCC was inactivated on 6 December 2023 with the activation of United States Space Forces – Space. On 8 January 2024, a ceremony was held to inactivate CFSCC.
Jakarta (band)
Jakarta was a Serbian and Yugoslav rock band formed in Belgrade in 1981.

The band was formed by vocalist Igor Popović and guitarist Jane Parđovski, and initially went through numerous lineup changes, before a steady lineup was formed, consisting of Popović, Parđovski, Rade Bulatović (bass guitar), Miloš Petrović (keyboards) and Ivan Fece (drums). Jakarta released their debut, synth-funk-oriented album Maske za dvoje in 1984 to good reception by Yugoslav audience and critics. The band's second album, pop rock-oriented Bomba u grudima, released in 1986, failed to repeat the success of the band's debut, and the band split up two years after its release. Following the release of a best of compilation in 2013, Popović recorded the album Letim with a group of Belgrade musicians, releasing it as the third Jakarta album in 2020.

PGP-RTB
PGP-RTB (Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: Продукција грамофонских плоча Радио телевизије Београд, romanized: Produkcija gramofonskih ploča Radio televizije Beograd lit. 'Production of gramophone records of Radio Television of Belgrade') was a major state-owned record label and chain record store in the former SFR Yugoslavia, based in Belgrade, Socialist Republic of Serbia. After the breakup of Yugoslavia, in 1993, the company changed its name to PGP-RTS (Produkcija Gramofonskih Ploča Radio-Televizije Srbije).
Roger of Mortemer
Roger I of Mortemer (Roger de Mortemer, Roger de Mortimer, Roger Mortimer) (fl. 1054  - aft. 1078), founded the abbey of St. Victor en Caux in the Pays de Caux of Upper Normandy as early as 1074 CE. Roger claimed the castle of Wigmore, Herefordshire that was built by William FitzOsbern, 1st Earl of Hereford. This castle became the chief barony of Roger's descendants. He was the first Norman ancestor to assume the name Mortimer, as in the place-name Mortemer-en-Brai, the land on which the village and castle was located.

William FitzOsbern, 1st Earl of Hereford
William FitzOsbern, 1st Earl of Hereford, Lord of Breteuil (c. 1011 – 22 February 1071), was a relative and close counsellor of William the Conqueror and one of the great magnates of early Norman England. FitzOsbern was created Earl of Hereford in 1067, one of the first peerage titles in the English peerage. He is one of the very few proven companions of William the Conqueror known to have fought at the Battle of Hastings in 1066. His chief residence was Carisbrooke Castle on the Isle of Wight, one of many castles he built in England.
La Salle Street Bridge (Chicago)
The La Salle Street Bridge (officially the Marshall Suloway Bridge) is a single-deck double-leaf trunnion bascule bridge spanning the main stem of the Chicago River in Chicago, Illinois, that connects the Near North Side with the Loop area. It was constructed in 1928 at a cost of $2,500,000 by the Strobel Steel Constructing Company.

The bridge was part of a scheme to widen LaSalle Street and improve access from the Loop to the north side of the river that had been proposed as early as 1902. The design of the bridge, along with those for new bridges at Madison Street, Franklin Street, and Clark Street, was approved in 1916.

The Chicago City Council renamed the bridge in 1999 to honor former Chicago Department of Public Works Commissioner Marshall Suloway.

Clark Street (Chicago)
Clark Street is a north–south street in Chicago, Illinois, that runs close to the shore of Lake Michigan from the northern city boundary with Evanston, to 2200 South in the city street numbering system. At its northern end, Clark Street is at 1800 West; however the street runs diagonally through the Chicago grid for about 8 miles (13 km) to North Avenue (1600 N) and then runs at 100 West for the rest of its course south to Cermak Road. It is also seen in Riverdale beyond 127th street across the Calumet River, along with other nearby streets that ended just south of the Loop. The major length of Clark Street runs a total of 98 blocks.
Jon Heggedal
Jon Heggedal (born December 23, 1935) is a Norwegian stage director and actor.

Heggedal was born in Oslo. He made his stage debut in 1960 as Henrik in Ludvig Holberg's The Political Tinker at the Trøndelag Theater. Heggedal worked as an actor there until 1963, and then he performed at the Oslo new Theater from 1964 to 1966, and for NRK's Television Theater from 1969 to 1975. He started working as a stage director in 1972 and he has been a freelance director since then.

Among other roles, Heggedal played the Dauphin in George Bernard Shaw's Saint Joan, David in Johan Falkberget's Den fjerde nattevakt (arranged for theater by Carl Fredrik Engelstad), and the title role in Friedrich Schiller's Don Carlos. His notable productions include Harold Pinter's The Caretaker, Stewart Parker's Spokesong (Norwegian: På felgen av fryd), both at the Norwegian Theater, and Henrik Ibsen's Peer Gynt at the Sogn og Fjordane Theater.

Spokesong
Spokesong, or The Common Wheel, usually shortened to Spokesong, is a play with music. It uses a script and lyrics by Stewart Parker and music by Jimmy Kennedy. The song "Daisy Bell" by Harry Dacre is also sung numerous times during the show. While labeled as a play, theatre scholar Thomas Hischak asserts that this work is difficult to categorize; writing "it was almost a musical, yet it used the songs in a very Brechtian manner". It premiered at the Dublin Theatre Festival in 1975, and was subsequently staged in the West End in London in 1977 and on Broadway in 1979. Parker won the 1976 Standard Theatre Award for Most Promising Playwright for his work on Spokesong. Actor Joseph Maher was nominated for a Tony Award for his performance as The Trick Cyclist in the New York production.
Frank I. Marcus
Frank I. Marcus (March 23, 1928 – December 21, 2022) was an American cardiologist and Emeritus Professor of Medicine at the University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, the author of more than 290 publications in peer-reviewed medical journals and of 90 book chapters. He was considered a world expert on arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) and was a member of the Editorial/Scientific Board of 14 Cardiovascular Journals as well as a reviewer for 26 other medical publications.

Banner University Medical Center Tucson
Banner - University Medical Center Tucson (BUMCT), formerly University Medical Center and the University of Arizona Medical Center, is a private, non-profit, 649-bed acute-care teaching hospital located on the campus of the University of Arizona in Tucson, Arizona. BUMCT is the clinical partner of the University of Arizona College of Medicine – Tucson and is Southern Arizona's only trauma center for both adult and pediatric patients. BUMCT is one of two University of Arizona affiliated academic medical centers in Tucson with Banner - University Medical Center South (formerly Kino Community Hospital, University Physicians Healthcare Hospital, and University of Arizona Medical Center - South Campus) being the other such institution. The area's only dedicated children's hospital, Banner Children's at Diamond Children's Medical Center, is located within and adjacent to BUMCT, providing care to infants, children, teens, and young adults aged 0–21.
Rouillac, Charente
Rouillac (French pronunciation: [ʁujak] ⓘ) is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France. On 1 January 2016, the former communes Plaizac and Sonneville were merged into Rouillac. On 1 January 2019, the former commune Gourville was merged into Rouillac.

Charente
Charente (French: [ʃaʁɑ̃t] ⓘ; Saintongese: Chérente; Occitan: Charanta [tʃaˈɾantɔ]) is a department in the administrative region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine, southwestern France. It is named after the river Charente, the most important and longest river in the department, and also the river beside which the department's two largest towns, Angoulême and Cognac, are sited. In 2019, it had a population of 352,015.
Shōda Kōhō
Shōda Kōhō (庄田 耕峰, also 耕峯, Shōda Kōhō; September 25, 1877 – July 1, 1924) was a Japanese Nihonga painter, woodblock print artist, and Kyōka poet of the Meiji and Taishō eras. He was a pupil of Ogata Gekkō and became known both for his paintings and shin-hanga woodblock prints, as well as later for his satirical poetry. His real name was Shōda Kan (庄田 完).

Kyōka
Kyōka (狂歌, "wild" or "mad poetry") is a popular, parodic subgenre of the tanka form of Japanese poetry with a metre of 5-7-5-7-7.  The form flourished during the Edo period (17th–18th centuries) and reached its zenith during the Tenmei era (1781–89).
Kosmos 1793
Kosmos 1793 (Russian: Космос 1793 meaning Cosmos 1793) is a Soviet US-K missile early warning satellite which was launched in 1986 as part of the Soviet military's Oko programme. The satellite is designed to identify missile launches using optical telescopes and infrared sensors.

Kosmos 1793 was launched from Site 16/2 at Plesetsk Cosmodrome in the Russian SSR. A Molniya-M carrier rocket with a 2BL upper stage was used to perform the launch, which took place at 12:09 UTC on 20 November 1986. The launch successfully placed the satellite into a molniya orbit. It subsequently received its Kosmos designation, and the international designator 1986-091A. The United States Space Command assigned it the Satellite Catalog Number 17134.

It re-entered the Earth's atmosphere on 15 May 2011.

Blok 2BL
The Blok 2BL was a rocket stage, a member of Blok L family, used as an upper stage on some versions of the Molniya-M carrier rocket. It was used as a fourth stage to launch the Oko missile early warning defence spacecraft.
Nguyễn Nhạc
Nguyễn Nhạc (Vietnamese: [ŋwĩəŋ ɲâːk̚] chữ Hán: 阮岳, born 1743, died 1793) was the founder of the Tây Sơn dynasty, reigning from 1778 to 1788.

Nguyễn Nhạc and his brothers Nguyễn Lữ and Nguyễn Huệ, known as the Tây Sơn Brothers after their home district, ended the centuries-long civil war between the Trịnh Lords in northern Vietnam and the Nguyễn Lords in southern Vietnam, seizing control from these groups and the Lê dynasty. From 1778 to 1788, Nguyễn Nhạc proclaimed himself Emperor Thái Đức (Vietnamese: [tʰǎːj ɗɨ́k̚] chữ Hán: 泰德). In 1788, after his younger brother proclaimed himself Emperor Quang Trung, Nguyễn Nhạc resigned as Emperor and declared himself King of Tây Sơn.

Nguyễn Phúc Dương
Nguyễn Phúc Dương (died 18 September 1777) was one of the Nguyễn lords who ruled over the southern portion of Vietnam from the 16th-18th centuries. Duong was the first son  Nguyễn Phúc Hiệu, who is the son of lord Nguyễn Phúc Khoát. From 1774 to 1776, Duong was captured and used by the Tay Son rebels to gain popularity among the Southern Vietnamese. In 1776, he escaped and fled to Gia Dinh. Thereafter, Lý Tài, a Chinese mercenary general of the Nguyen army, granted him the title of Tân Chính Vương, a co-lord position with Nguyễn Phúc Thuần. In 1777, Dương was captured and executed by Tay Son rebels.
Shatt language
The Shatt language is a Daju language of the Eastern Daju family spoken by the Shatt people in the Shatt Hills (part of the Nuba Mountains) southwest of Kaduqli in South Kordofan province in southern Sudan.

Villages are Shatt Daman, Shatt Safia, and Shatt Tebeldia (Ethnologue, 22nd edition).

South Kordofan
South Kordofan (Arabic: جنوب كردفان Ǧanūb Kurdufān) is one of the 18 wilayat or states of Sudan. It has an area of 158,355 km2 and an estimated population of approximately 2,107,623 people (2018 est). Kaduqli is the capital of the state. It is centered on the Nuba Mountains. At one time it was supposed that South Kordofan was the only state in (North) Sudan suitable for producing oil, but oil has also been discovered in neighboring White Nile State in larger quantities.

Under the Comprehensive Peace Agreement, residents of South Kordofan were to hold popular consultations in 2011 to determine the constitutional future of the state. However, South Kordofan governor Ahmed Haroun suspended the process, and violence followed. Haroun had previously been charged with war crimes against civilians and crime against humanity by the International Criminal Court.
D. Arthur Kelsey
Denham Arthur Kelsey (born October 9, 1961) is an American lawyer and justice of the Supreme Court of Virginia. His twelve-year term on the Supreme Court began on February 1, 2015.   Kelsey was previously an appellate judge on the Court of Appeals of Virginia and a trial court judge in the Fifth Judicial Circuit of Virginia.

Supreme Court of Virginia
The Supreme Court of Virginia is the highest court in the Commonwealth of Virginia.  It primarily hears direct appeals in civil cases from the trial-level city and county circuit courts, as well as the criminal law, family law and administrative law cases that are initially appealed to the Court of Appeals of Virginia. Established in 1779 as the Supreme Court of Appeals, the Supreme Court of Virginia is one of the oldest continuously active judicial bodies in the United States.
Associazione Nazionale della Pastorizia
The Associazione Nazionale della Pastorizia, or roughly "national association of pastoralists", is the Italian national body responsible for the administration of sheep- and goat-breeding. It maintains the herd books for more than a hundred indigenous breeds of sheep and goats. It records breed numbers and submits them twice yearly to DAD-IS, and keeps records for all breeders of sheep and goats in the country.

Sheep farming
Sheep farming or sheep husbandry is the raising and breeding of domestic sheep. It is a branch of animal husbandry. Sheep are raised principally for their meat (lamb and mutton), milk (sheep's milk), and fiber (wool). They also yield sheepskin and parchment.

Sheep can be raised in a range of temperate climates, including arid zones near the equator and other torrid zones. Farmers build fences, housing, shearing sheds, and other facilities on their property, such as for water, feed, transport, and pest control. Most farms are managed so sheep can graze pastures, sometimes under the control of a shepherd or sheep dog.

Farmers can select from various breeds suitable for their region and market conditions. When the farmer sees that a ewe (female adult) is showing signs of heat or estrus, they can organise for mating with males. Newborn lambs are typically subjected to lamb marking, which involves tail docking, mulesing, earmarking, and males may be castrated.