hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
History of Cagliari
This article presents a history of Cagliari, an Italian municipality and the capital city of the island of Sardinia. The city has been continuously inhabited since at least the neo-lithic period. Due to its strategic location in the Mediterranean and natural harbor, the city was prized and highly sought after by a number of Mediterranean empires and cultures.

Claudian
Claudius Claudianus, known in English as Claudian (Greek: Κλαυδιανός; c. 370 – c. 404 AD), was a Latin poet associated with the court of the Roman emperor Honorius at Mediolanum (Milan), and particularly with the general Stilicho. His work, written almost entirely in hexameters or elegiac couplets, falls into three main categories: poems for Honorius, poems for Stilicho, and mythological epic.
Sahir Naqash
Sahir Naqash (born 12 July 1990) is a German cricketer who plays for the national team. In May 2019, he was named in Germany's Twenty20 International (T20I) squad for their three-match series against Belgium. The matches were the first T20Is played by the German cricket team. He made his T20I debut for Germany against Belgium on 11 May 2019. The same month, he was named in Germany's squad for the Regional Finals of the 2018–19 ICC T20 World Cup Europe Qualifier tournament in Guernsey. He played in Germany's match against Denmark on 19 June 2019.

In September 2021, he was named in Germany's T20I squad for the Regional Final of the 2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup Europe Qualifier tournament.

Germany national cricket team
The German national cricket team is the men's team that represents Germany in international cricket. The German Cricket Federation, which organises the team, has been an associate member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) since 1999, having previously been an affiliate member from 1991. The team made its international debut against Denmark in 1989, playing as West Germany. It has since played regularly in European Cricket Championship tournaments, as well as twice in the lower divisions of the World Cricket League. In 2001, Germany also competed in the ICC Trophy (now the World Cup Qualifier) for the first and only time. In 2022, they played their first T20 World Cup Global Qualifier.
Elizabeth, Georgia
Elizabeth was an incorporated municipality in central Cobb County, Georgia, United States, that existed de jure from 1885 to 1995.  Originally incorporated by an act of the Georgia General Assembly on October 5, 1885, as the town of Elizabeth, it never began functioning as a municipality; in particular, no historical evidence exists that the town held any elections for mayor and the city council.  In a new law passed in 1964, the General Assembly renamed the town as the City of Elizabeth, and on October 6 of that year the residents voted 3 to 1 in an election to approve the city's charter, yet still never elected a mayor or city council.  Finally, in 1995, the city's charter was revoked along with dozens of others, pursuant to a 1994 law requiring that cities provide at least three services from a list defined in the law.

De jure
In law and government, de jure (/deɪ ˈdʒʊəri, di -, - ˈjʊər-/; Latin: [deː ˈjuːre]; lit. 'from law') describes practices that are officially recognized by laws or other formal norms, regardless of whether the practice exists in reality. The phrase is often used in contrast with de facto ('from fact'), which describes situations that exist in reality, even if not formally recognized.
Weathernews Inc.
Weathernews Inc. (Japanese: 株式会社ウェザーニューズ, Hepburn: Kabushikigaisha Uezānyūzu) (WNI) is a Japanese weather forecasting company, whose headquarters and global center are located in Mihama Ward, Chiba City, Chiba Prefecture. WNI owns Weathernews LiVE, a 24/7 online live stream. With 1,152 employees as of 2024 WNI claims to be the largest privately owned by Japanese government weather company in the world.

Kabushiki gaisha
A kabushiki gaisha (Japanese: 株式会社; pronounced [kabɯɕi̥ki ɡaꜜiɕa] ⓘ; lit. 'share company') or kabushiki kaisha, commonly abbreviated K.K. or KK, is a type of company (会社, kaisha) defined under the Companies Act of Japan. The term is often translated as "stock company", "joint-stock company" or "stock corporation". The term kabushiki gaisha in Japan refers to any joint-stock company regardless of country of origin or incorporation; however, outside Japan the term refers specifically to joint-stock companies incorporated in Japan.
Kurt Imhof
Kurt Imhof (* 1914; † unknown) was a Swiss footballer who played for FC Basel. He played in the position of goalkeeper.

Between the years 1932 and 1935 and again between 1938 and 1947 Imhof played a total of 128 games for Basel. 85 of these games were in the Swiss Nationalliga, five were in the 1 Liga (second highest tier) and 15 were in the Swiss Cup. The other 22 were friendly games.

He was a member of the Basel team that won the Swiss Cup in the 1932–33 season. The final was played in the Hardturm stadium against Grasshopper Club. Basel won 4–3 and achieved the club's first ever national title.

Swiss Super League
The Super League (also known as the Brack Super League for sponsorship reasons) is a professional association football league in Switzerland and the highest level of the Swiss football league system. It has been played in its current format since the 2003–04 season. The Swiss Super League is ranked 16th in Europe according to UEFA's ranking of league coefficients, which is based upon Swiss team performances in European competitions. The 2025–26 season is the 129th season of the Swiss top-flight, making it the longest continuously running top-flight national league.
2012 CONCACAF Women's U-20 Championship
The 2012 CONCACAF Women's U-20 Championship was the sixth edition of the CONCACAF Women's U-20 Championship. The final tournament was hosted by Panama from 1 to 11 March 2012.
All matches were played at the Estadio Rommel Fernández. The top three teams of the 2012 tournament earned qualification to the 2012 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup. The tournament was won by the United States, who defeated Canada in the final, 2–1. Mexico secured the final qualification position by defeating Panama in the third place match, 5–0.

Panama women's national under-20 football team
The Panama women's national under-20 football team is the national U-20 women's football team of Panama and is managed by the Panamanian Football Federation. The U-20 team represents Panama in the CONCACAF Women's U-20 Championship and FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup
Brian Johnson (pitcher)
Christopher Brian Johnson (born December 7, 1990) is an American former professional baseball pitcher who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Boston Red Sox. Listed at 6 feet 4 inches (1.93 m) and 235 pounds (107 kg), he both throws and bats left-handed. Johnson was the 2012 recipient of the John Olerud Award.

Hillerich & Bradsby
Hillerich & Bradsby Company (H&B) is an American manufacturing company located in Louisville, Kentucky, that produces baseball bats for Wilson Sporting Goods, which commercializes them under the "Louisville Slugger" brand.

The company also operates the Louisville Slugger Museum & Factory in downtown Louisville, and produces gloves for sports such as golf, cycling, fitness, and gardening under the "Bionic Gloves" brand.

Until 2015, H&B owned the "Louisville Slugger" brand. In that year they sold it to Wilson, although their factory still makes the baseball bats bearing that name.
Third encirclement campaign
The third encirclement campaign can refer to one of several encirclement campaigns launched during the 1930s by the Nationalist Government of China against the Chinese soviets created by the Chinese Communist Party. These include:

Third encirclement campaign against the Jiangxi Soviet, July 1 to September 18, 1931

Third encirclement campaign against the Eyuwan Soviet, November 1931 to June 17, 1932

Third encirclement campaign against the Hubei-Henan-Shaanxi Soviet

Third encirclement campaign against the Honghu Soviet, September 1931 to May 30, 1932

Third encirclement campaign against the Shaanxi-Gansu Soviet, August 1935 to October 25, 1935

Third encirclement campaign against the Jiangxi Soviet
The third encirclement campaign (Chinese: 第三次围剿) against Jiangxi Soviet was the third campaign launched by the Chinese Nationalist Government in the hope of destroying the Red Army in Jiangxi. It was launched less than a month after the previous campaign failed. However, this encirclement was repelled by the Red Army's third counter-encirclement campaign at the Central Soviet (Chinese: 中央苏区第三次反围剿), also called as the third counter-encirclement campaign at the Central Revolutionary Base (Chinese: 中央革命根据地第三次反围剿).
Aman Faizer
Mohamed Aman Faizer (born 12 March 1999; better known as Aman Faizer) is a Sri Lankan professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Sri Lanka Champions League club Renown and the Sri Lanka national team.

Sri Lanka Champions League
The S1 League (Sinhala: එස්1 ලීගය; Tamil: எஸ்1 லீக்), or simply S1, also known as Sri Lanka Champions League, is the second-tier division of the Sri Lankan football league system. It was succeeded by the professional Sri Lanka Super League which serves as the first division. Until 2019, it was sponsored by Dialog Axiata and was thus officially known as the Dialog Champions League.

The league was conducted in various formats. Apart from the league system, a playoff stage was included in the 2013–14 season. Currently, 18 clubs participate in the tournament. Saunders have won the most titles in the league, winning 12 titles. Rathnam have won the title 5 times, Renown 4 times, and Colombo 3 times. In recent times, different clubs have been able to win the championship title.
Poniente Almeriense
Poniente Almeriense is one of the seven comarcas in the province of Almería, Andalusia, Spain. This comarca was established in 2003 by the Government of Andalusia. It is sometimes also known as the "sea of plastic" (Mar de plástico) due to the numerous greenhouses that cover the area. The comarca contains ten municipalities (the tenth, Balanegra, was created in 2015 from part of Berja municipality) and 283,858 inhabitants in an area of 970 km2. The "sea of plastic" was one of the subjects of We feed the world, a 2005 documentary; and the setting of Spanish crime drama Mar de plástico.

The typical agricultural products of the greenhouses are: cucumbers, watermelons, eggplants, zucchinis, peaches, peppers and tomatoes.

The comarca borders the Alboran Sea to the South, the city of Almería to the east, the Sierra de Gádor to the north, and the municipality of Albuñol (in Granada province) to the west.

Intensive farming in Almería
The intensive agriculture of the province of Almeria, Spain, is a model of the utilization of highly technical means to achieve maximum economic yield based on the rational use of water, use of plastic greenhouses, highly technical training and high levels of employment of inputs, applied to the special characteristics of a particular environment. The greenhouses (invernaderos) are located between Motril and Almeria.  The area of El Ejido is well known to be agriculturally productive. The large scale of greenhouse deployments has been claimed to raise the albedo of the Earth's surface in the region, resulting in ~0.3 °C cooling per decade locally since the 1980s.
2005 Estoril Open
The 2005 Estoril Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. This event was the 16th edition of the Estoril Open for the men (the 9th for the women), included in the 2005 ATP Tour International Series and in the 2005 WTA Tour Tier IV Series. Both the men's and the women's events took place at the Estoril Court Central, in Oeiras, Portugal, from 25 April through 1 May 2005. Gastón Gaudio and Lucie Šafářová won the singles titles.

WTA Tier IV tournaments
The WTA Tier IV tournaments were Women's Tennis Association fourth-level tournaments held from 1990 until the end of the 2008 season. The line-up of events varied over the years, with tournaments being promoted, demoted or cancelled. Some of the tournaments became Tier V events between 1990 and 1992, and later from 2001 to 2005, before being integrated back into Tier IV.

From 2009 WTA Tour, WTA changed the tournament categories, so that most of the Tier III and Tier IV tournaments from 2008 were in one category, WTA International tournaments.
Valley View High School (Ohio)
Valley View High School is a public high school in Germantown, Ohio.  It is the only high school in the Valley View Local School District.  Its athletic teams are called The Spartans. The first class to graduate after the consolidation was the class of 1969. The new high school was completed some time after that initial graduation. In 1999, the site was expanded, adding a new music wing, and more cafeteria space.

In November 2024, a new K-12 building was completed, and students moved into the building on December 2, 2024.

Like Moths to Flames
Like Moths to Flames is an American metalcore band from Columbus, Ohio, formed in 2010 by former members of various bands, including Emarosa, Agraceful, the Crimson Armada, TerraFirma, and My Ticket Home. The band has released six studio albums and five EPs. The band's current line-up consists of lead vocalist Chris Roetter, guitarists Zach Pishney and Cody Cavanaugh, and drummer Roman Garcia. Roetter is the only member of the original line-up that remains in the band.
Cadbury Sixth Form College
Cadbury Sixth Form College is a sixth form college in Kings Norton, Birmingham, United Kingdom. It takes students from over 100 schools in the West Midlands. The College's Principal is Julia Stevens who was appointed in 2019.

Founded in 1983, the College building was the former Kings Norton Mixed School. The College was established alongside Josiah Mason College and Joseph Chamberlain Sixth Form College, each named after a figure in Birmingham's history—John Cadbury, Josiah Mason, and Joseph Chamberlain.

The college's curriculum is mostly at Level 3 with some at Level 2. It offers over 50 subjects at Advanced and BTEC level.

Sixth form college
A sixth form college is an educational institution, where students aged 16 to 19 study typically for advanced post-school level qualifications such as A Levels, Business and Technology Education Council level 3 (BTEC), and the International Baccalaureate Diploma, or school-level qualifications such as General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) examinations and BTEC level 2 qualifications. In many countries this type of educational institute is known as a junior college. The municipal government of the city of Paris uses the phrase 'sixth form college' as the English name for a lycée (high school).
Evar Swanson
Ernest Evar Swanson (October 15, 1902 – July 17, 1973) was an American professional baseball and football player.  He played outfielder in the Major Leagues from 1929 to 1934. He would play for the Cincinnati Reds and Chicago White Sox. In the National Football League, he played running back for the Rock Island Independents, Milwaukee Badgers, and Chicago Cardinals from 1924 to 1927. He went to college and played three sports at Lombard College in Galesburg, Illinois.

Swanson was one of the fastest men in baseball in his time. During a contest held on September 15, 1929, between games of a doubleheader, he circled the bases in 13.3 seconds and that record still stands. (Some sources claim his time was 13.4.) On September 21, 1930, in a minor league field meet in Columbus, Ohio, Swanson circled the bases in 13.2 seconds, giving him also the fastest time as a minor leaguer.

Rock Island Independents
The Rock Island Independents were a professional American football team, based in Rock Island, Illinois, from 1907 to 1926. The Independents were a founding National Football League franchise. They hosted what has been retrospectively designated the first National Football League game on September 26, 1920, at Douglas Park. The Independents were founded in 1907 by Demetrius Clements as an independent football club. Hence, the team was named the "Independents."

In 1926, the Independents left the NFL to become a charter member of the first American Football League, the only NFL team to do so. The Independents then folded along with the entire league in 1927.

Pro Football Hall of Fame alumni Jimmy Conzelman (1920–1921), Joe Guyon (1924), Ed Healey (1920–1922), Duke Slater (1922–1926), and Jim Thorpe (1924–1925) played for the Independents.

A second, unrelated, "Rock Island Independents" played at the Northwest Football League in 1936.
Chitra Ganesh
Chitra Ganesh (born 1975 in Brooklyn, New York, U.S.) is an American visual artist. Her work across media includes charcoal drawings, digital collages, films, web projects, photographs, and wall murals. Ganesh draws from mythology, literature, and popular culture such as comics and anime to reveal feminist and queer narratives from the past and to imagine new visions of the future.

Amar Chitra Katha
Amar Chitra Katha (ACK Comics) is an Indian comic book publisher, based in Mumbai, India. The company was founded in 1967 by Anant Pai. Most of its comics are based on religious legends and epics, historical figures and biographies, folktales and cultural stories.
Ole Henrik Fagerås
Ole Henrik Fagerås  (born 20 August 1939)  is a Norwegian nordic combined skier who competed in the early 1960s. He won a bronze medal in the individual event at the 1962 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in Zakopane.

Fagerås also won the Nordic combined event at the 1962 Holmenkollen ski festival.

Zakopane
Zakopane (Podhale Goral: Zokopane) is a town in the south of Poland, in the southern part of the Podhale region at the foot of the Tatra Mountains. From 1975 to 1998, it was part of Nowy Sącz Voivodeship; since 1999, it has been part of Lesser Poland Voivodeship. As of 2017 its population was 27,266. Zakopane is a centre of Goral culture and is often referred to as "the winter capital of Poland". It is a popular tourist destination for many types of mountain activities such as skiing, trekking, mountaineering and various forms of climbing.

Zakopane lies near Poland's border with Slovakia, in a valley between the Tatra Mountains and Gubałówka Hill. It is connected by rail and road to the provincial capital, Kraków. Zakopane lies 800–1,100 metres (2,600–3,600 ft) above sea level and centres on the intersection of its Krupówki and Kościuszko Streets.
Thomas Ulsrud
Thomas Ulsrud (21 October 1971 – 24 May 2022) was a Norwegian curler from Oslo. He won a silver medal at the 2010 Winter Olympics, one World Curling Championship, two European Curling Championships, and fourteen Norwegian titles (Norwegian Men's Curling Championship and Oslo Cup). He was also known for being the skip of the team that competed while wearing colourful harlequin trousers at the Vancouver 2010 Winter Olympics. Team Ulsrud's combined showmanship and sportsmanship became iconic and contributed to reviving worldwide interest in curling since then. In 2024, he was posthumously inducted into the World Curling Hall of Fame.

World Curling Hall of Fame
The World Curling Hall of Fame is an international curling Hall of Fame that was established by World Curling (former the World Curling Federation) in 2012. The induction is given as an honor that recognizes outstanding contributions to the sport of curling, and is awarded annually. Inductees are also awarded the World Curling Freytag Award, an award which predated the Hall of Fame as the highest honor given by World Curling. Previous Freytag Award winners have been inducted into the Hall of Fame.

Inductees in the World Curling Hall of Fame are curlers or builders of the sport of curling; curlers are inducted based on their performance results, ability, sportsmanship, and character, while builders are inducted based on their distinguished service and major contributions to the development of the sport of curling.
Brauer's k(B) conjecture
Richard Brauer's k(B) Conjecture is a conjecture in modular representation theory of finite groups relating the number of complex irreducible characters in a Brauer block and the order of its defect groups. It was first announced in 1946. It is Problem 20 in Brauer's list of problems.

Order (group theory)
In mathematics, the order of a finite group is the number of its elements. If a group is not finite, one says that its order is infinite. The order of an element of a group (also called period length or period) is the order of the subgroup generated by the element. If the group operation is denoted as a multiplication, the order of an element a of a group, is thus the smallest positive integer m such that am = e, where e denotes the identity element of the group, and am denotes the product of m copies of a. If no such m exists, the order of a is infinite.

The order of a group G is denoted by ord(G) or |G|, and the order of an element a is denoted by ord(a) or |a|, instead of  where the brackets denote the generated group.

Lagrange's theorem states that for any subgroup H of a finite group G, the order of the subgroup divides the order of the group; that is, |H| is a divisor of |G|. In particular, the order |a| of any element is a divisor of |G|.
Ma Butte Formation
The Ma Butte Formation is a stratigraphic unit of Early Cretaceous (Albian) age in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin. It was named for Ma Butte, a mountain north of Coleman, Alberta, by J.R. McLean in 1980. It is present in the foothills of southwestern Alberta and it contains plant fossils.

Albian
The Albian is both an age of the geologic timescale and a stage in the stratigraphic column. It is the youngest or uppermost subdivision of the Early/Lower Cretaceous Epoch/Series. Its approximate time range is 113.2 ± 0.3 Ma to 100.5 ± 0.1 Ma (million years ago). The Albian is preceded by the Aptian and followed by the Cenomanian.
Rupe (given name)
Rupe is a masculine given name, often a diminutive form (hypocorism) of Rupert. People named Rupe include:

Rupert Rupe Andrews (1926-2008), American player in the Canadian Football League

Rupe Benstead (1889–1961), Australian rules footballer

Rupe Bethune (1917–1984), Australian rules footballer

Rupe Brownlees (1888–1960), Australian rules footballer

Rupe Dodd (1907–1998), Australian rules footballer

Rupe Hannah (1900-1983), Australian rules footballer

Rupert Rupe Hiskins (1893–1976), Australian rules footballer

Rupe Hutton (1906–1987), Australian rules footballer

Rupe Lowell (1893–1980), Australian rules footballer

Rupe McDonald (1910–1969), Australian rules footballer

Rupe Perrett (1909-1966), Australian rules footballer

Rupert Smith (American football) (1897-1959), American college football player

Rupert (name)
Rupert or Ruppert is an English truncation of Latin Rupertus, which derives from Old High German Hruodoperht/Hruodoberht which are also the source of the name Robert.  Thus, "Rupert" and "Robert" are different modern forms of the same name. The Old High German form of the name evolved from Germanic Hrothi, "fame, glory, renown, honour, godlike" + Berht, "bright"; thus, Rupert and Robert mean "fame bright".