hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mode coupling
In the term mode coupling, as used in physics and electrical engineering, the word "mode" refers to eigenmodes of an idealized, "unperturbed", linear system. The superposition principle says that eigenmodes of linear systems are independent of each other: it is possible to excite or to annihilate a specific mode without influencing any other mode; there is no dissipation. In most real systems, however, there is at least some perturbation that causes energy transfer between different modes. This perturbation, interpreted as an interaction between the modes, is what is called "mode coupling".

Important applications are:

In fiber optics

In lasers (compare mode-locking)

In condensed-matter physics, critical slowing down can be described by a Coupled mode theory.

Linear system
In systems theory, a linear system is a mathematical model of a system based on the use of a linear operator.
Linear systems typically exhibit features and properties that are much simpler than the nonlinear case.
As a mathematical abstraction or idealization, linear systems find important applications in automatic control theory, signal processing, and telecommunications. For example, the propagation medium for wireless communication systems can often be
modeled by linear systems.
Cocylium
Cocylium or Kokylion (Ancient Greek: Κοκύλιον) was a town of the ancient Troad or of Mysia. Xenophon mentions it indirectly by pointing out that the inhabitants of Cocylium (Κοκυλίτης), together with those of Ilium and Neandria, declared themselves independent and allied with the Spartan Dercylidas when he went to Aeolia with an army to try to liberate the Greek colonies from Persian rule. Pliny the Elder notes Cocylium among the cities that, in his time, had disappeared from the Troad.

Its site is tentatively located near Karaev, Çanakkale Province, Turkey.

Çanakkale Province
Çanakkale Province (Turkish: Çanakkale ili) is a province of Turkey, located in the northwestern part of the country. It takes its name from the city of Çanakkale. Its area is 9,817 km2, and its population is 559,383 (2022).

Like Istanbul, Çanakkale province has a European (Thrace) and an Asian (Anatolia) part. The European part is formed by the Gallipoli (Gelibolu) peninsula, while the Asian part is largely coterminous with the historic region of Troad in Anatolia. They are separated by the Dardanelles strait, connecting the Sea of Marmara and the Aegean Sea.

The archaeological site of Troy is found in the Çanakkale province, near the village Tevfikiye.

Çanakkale District is the most populous district of the province. The European and Asian parts of the province were connected to each other with the completion of the Çanakkale 1915 Bridge in March 2022.
Last spike (Canadian Pacific Railway)
A ceremonial final spike was driven into the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) at Craigellachie, British Columbia, at 9:22 am on November 7, 1885. It was driven in by CPR railway financier Donald Smith, Baron Strathcona and Mount Royal, marking the end to a saga of natural disasters, financial crises, and even rebellion that plagued Canada's first transcontinental railway from its beginning.

Rail fastening system
Screw for fixing plate to sleeper

Elastomeric pad supporting rail

Tension washer

Rail clamp

Tensioning bolt (nut not shown)

Baseplate

A rail fastening system is a means of fixing rails to railroad ties (North America) or sleepers (British Isles, Australasia, and Africa). The terms rail anchors, tie plates, chairs and track fasteners are used to refer to parts or all of a rail fastening system. The components of a rail fastening system may also be known collectively as other track material, or OTM for short. Various types of fastening have been used over the years.
C. V. Sundara Sastri
Calamur Viravalli Sundara Sastri (also spelt Sundram or Sundaram, and Sastry, Sastriar, Sastriyar, or Sastrigal) was a leading Vakil of the High Court of Madras, second in the Calamur line to bear the style Viravalli, and of a family line occupying a prominent position within the Madras Presidency; a "giant" of Madras jurisprudence, with a "very large" practice on the Original Side, which he shared with his partner and adoptive brother, Sir P. Ananda Charlu. Sundara Sastri published a Revised Set of the Rules of Practice for Original side litigation, which became de rigueur, and was noted as an orator with 'perfect' diction. He authored the Sundararāmāyaṇa.

Alongside K. P. Viswanatha Iyer, Sir C. Sankaran Nair, P.V. Krishnaswami Chetty, Sir V. Bhashyam Iyengar, and Sir P Ananda Charlu, he was one of only six Vakils to occupy two sets of chambers simultaneously.

Vakil (surname)
Vakil is an Arabic surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Abhay Vakil (born 1951), Indian businessman

Ardashir Vakil, Indian novelist

Dina Vakil (born 1946), Indian journalist

Pandit Divyang Vakil, Indian spiritual teacher

Laila Vakil (born 1974), British swimmer

Nanubhai Vakil (1902–1980), Indian film director

Ravi Vakil (born 1970), Canadian-American mathematician

Shereveer Vakil, Indian actor and gym trainer

Tarjani Vakil, Indian banker
Beerli
Beerli is a Swiss surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Christine Beerli (born 1953), Swiss politician

Roland Beerli, Swiss bobsledder

Joseph Beerli (1901–1967), Swiss bobsledder

Walter Beerli (1928–1995), Swiss footballer

Joseph Beerli
Joseph Beerli (22 December 1901 – 4 September 1967) was a Swiss bobsledder who competed from the mid-1930s to the late 1940s. At the 1936 Winter Olympics in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, he won a gold medal in the four-man and a silver in the two-man events.

Beerli also won three medals at the FIBT World Championships with one gold (four-man: 1939), one silver (four-man: 1935) and one bronze (two-man: 1938). He retired after the 1947 World Championships and until his death in 1967 ran his sports shop.
Char Adhyay
Char Adhyay (English: Four Chapters) 1997 Indian Hindi language drama film written and directed by Kumar Shahani. It is based on Rabindranath Tagore's last novel by the same name, written in 1934.

The film is set in the late Bengali Renaissance of the 1930s and 1940s, and a group of young intellectuals and revolutionaries involved with the Indian independence movement. It deals with the impact of political issues on personal lives and questions blind nationalism and blind adherence to a leader and delves into the ugly face of idealism.

Most of the cast included non-actors, Nandini Ghosal was an Odissi dancer a disciple of Guru Kelucharan Mahapatra, Kaushik Gopal was a psychoanalyst, while Sumanto Chattopadhyay worked in advertising and acted in theatre.

Kelucharan Mohapatra
Kelucharan Mohapatra (8 January 1926 – 7 April 2004) was a legendary Indian classical dancer, guru, and exponent of Odissi dance, who is credited with the revival and popularizing of this classical dance form in the 20th century.
He is the first person to receive the Padma Vibhushan from Odisha.

A noted Sanskrit poet of India writes on this Guru: Saango-paanga-subhangi-laasya-madhuram samteerna-nrutyaarnavam, which translates as – "Each fraction of his dancing body leads to paramount sweetness, through miraculous poses and postures. In fact, Guru Kelucharan Mohapatra crossed the ocean of styles."
Uscio
Uscio (Ligurian: Aosci) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Genoa, in the Italian region of Liguria, located about 20 kilometres (12 mi) east of Genoa.

Uscio borders the following municipalities: Avegno, Lumarzo, Neirone, Sori, Tribogna.

Metropolitan City of Genoa
The Metropolitan City of Genoa (Italian: città metropolitana di Genova) is a metropolitan city in the region of Liguria in northern Italy. Its capital is the city of Genoa. It replaced the province of Genoa in 2015. It has 67 municipalities (comuni) in an area of 1,833.79 square kilometres (708.03 sq mi) and a total population of about 818,651 as of 2025.
Drummacoorin
Drummacoorin (from Irish  Droim Achadh an Fhuarain 'ridge of the field of the spring well') is situated in the area of Boho in South West Fermanagh, Northern Ireland in the old Barony of Clanawley. There are also reports of the area variously being known as Drommcruorin (1609) and Druim ic Cuaireann or MacCurrin's ridge (1833).

Drummacoorin is notable due to its archeological finds which include a Bronze Age sword which is dated at approximately 1000 BC (displayed in the Ashmolean Museum) and Neolithic axe heads which were discovered in the area in 2008.

Clanawley
Clanawley (from Irish  Clann Amhlaoibh 'Clan Awley') is a barony in County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland. To its east lies Upper Lough Erne, and it is bordered by three other baronies: Magheraboy to the north; Tirkennedy and Knockninny to the east. It also borders three baronies in the Republic of Ireland: Tullyhaw to the south; and Drumahaire and Rosclogher to the west.
District 31 (TV series)
District 31 is a Canadian drama television series, which aired on Ici Radio-Canada Télé from 2016 to 2022. The series was a police drama, set in a newly opened police district office in Montreal, Quebec.

The series was produced as a half-hour drama airing four episodes per week, making use of rotating story arcs in which storylines and characters would be foregrounded in some episodes and backgrounded in other episodes, in order to avoid overworking its cast and crew. The series aired a total of 716 episodes over its run.

Ici Radio-Canada Télé
Ici Radio-Canada Télé (stylized as ICI Radio-Canada Télé, and sometimes abbreviated as Ici Télé) is a Canadian French-language free-to-air television network spunoff Ici Radio-Canada Première, owned by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (known in French as Société Radio-Canada [SRC]), the national public broadcaster. Its English-language counterpart is CBC Television.

Its headquarters are at the Nouvelle Maison Radio-Canada in Montreal, which is also home to the network's flagship station, CBFT-DT, as well as the master control facilities of all of its owned-and-operated stations nationwide. Until the 2012 closedown of the CBC / Radio-Canada rebroadcaster network, it was the only francophone network in Canada to broadcast terrestrially in all Canadian provinces.
David Kalmusky
David Kalmusky (born in Stratford, Ontario, Canada) is an American record producer, mixer, songwriter, and guitarist. He has worked with Shawn Mendes, Keith Urban, Meghan Trainor, Justin Bieber, Carrie Underwood, Mötley Crüe, John Legend, Tenille Townes, Mickey Guyton, Icon For Hire, and others.

Kalmusky is currently partner at Addiction Sound Studios, in Nashville TN, which he helped design and build with Chris Huston (Led Zeppelin, The Who) and Jonathan Cain (The Babys, Bad English, Journey). His private production and mixing room have been featured in publications such as Pro Sound News, Billboard, GrammyPro.com and several high end audio manufacturers such as Fab Filter, AVID, Miktek, Output Sounds, and Metric Halo.

Icon for Hire
Icon for Hire is an American rock band from Decatur, Illinois. Formed in 2007, the band's current lineup consists of singer Ariel Bloomer and lead guitarist Shawn Jump. They released two EPs independently before signing to Tooth & Nail Records, through which they released their first two albums: Scripted in 2011 and Icon for Hire on October 15, 2013. Their third album, You Can't Kill Us, was independently released on November 25, 2016. Their fourth album, Amorphous, was released on February 19, 2021, also independently. Their fifth independent studio album, The Reckoning, was released on September 30, 2022.
John Greenwell
John Henry Greenwell (10 August 1864 – 22 November 1943) was an English international rugby union player.

A bricklayer by trade, Greenwell was a powerful scrummager and had nine years of representative experience with Northumberland when he gained his England call up. He was capped twice during England's unsuccessful 1893 Home Nations campaign, debuting against Wales at Cardiff. For his other match, against Ireland at Lansdowne Road, Greenwell was joined by Rockcliff teammates Thomas Nicholson and Ernest Taylor.

Greenwell was awarded a testimonial by Rockcliff in 1899.

Whitley Bay Rockcliff RFC
Whitley Bay Rockcliff RFC is a rugby union team based in Whitley Bay, North Tyneside in north-east England. The club play in Counties 2 Durham & Northumberland – the eighth tier of the English rugby union system, following the club's relegation from of Counties 1 Durham & Northumberland at the end of the 2024–25 season.
Parish of Rooty Hill
The Parish of Rooty Hill, is a civil parish of Cumberland County in New South Wales, Australia.

The parish is centered on the suburbs of Doonside, Mount Druitt  and Rooty Hill. The boundaries of the parish are Eastern and  South Creeks, and Richmond railway line on the north.

The Great Western Highway and Western Railway Line transect the parish.

The parish is one of the oldest cadasteral divisions in Australia with the administrative arrangements that would eventually become the parish existing as early as 1810. The name derives from a specific hill still known as the Rooty Hill, that is near Doonside railway station known for an abundance of roots.

View from the Rooty Hill, Rooty Hill, Sydney, looking across Morreau Reserve

Map of the Parish in 1840.

Great Western Highway
Great Western Highway is a 202-kilometre-long (126 mi) state highway in New South Wales, Australia. From east to west, the highway links Sydney with Bathurst, on the state's Central Tablelands. The highway also has local road names between the Sydney city centre and Parramatta, being: Broadway from Haymarket to Chippendale, Parramatta Road from Chippendale to Parramatta, and Church Street through Parramatta.
Peggy Wong
Peggy Wong Pik-kiu SBS MH JP (Chinese: 黃碧嬌; born 21 January 1965) is a Hong Kong politician and a member of the Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong (DAB). She is currently the district councillor for the Tai Po South constituency of the Tai Po District Council and a member of the team of Gary Chan, the current DAB chairman and Legislative Council member. She previously served as chairman of the Tai Po District Council and as councillor for the Kwong Fuk & Plover Cove constituency.

Tai Po District Council
The Tai Po District Council (Chinese: 大埔區議會; noted as TP) is the district council for the Tai Po District in Hong Kong. It is one of 18 such councils. The Tai Po District Council currently consists of 22 members, of which the district is divided into two constituencies, electing a total of 4 members, 8 district committee members, 8 appointed members, and 2 ex officio members who are the Tai Po and Sai Kung North rural committee chairmen. The latest election was held on 10 December 2023.
Noel Nelson
Noel Nelson (born 13 April 1967) is a former Irish first-class cricketer.

Nelson was born at Banbridge in County Down in April 1967, and was educated at Banbridge Academy. An all-rounder at club level, he played one first-class cricket match for Ireland against Scotland at Edinburgh in 1990. In a drawn match, Nelson batted once and was dismissed without scoring by Craig McKnight. He also bowled fifteen overs with his medium pace, but failed to take a wicket. He toured Zimbabwe in March 1991, playing six minor fixtures. Following this tour, he was not selected again for Ireland, beginning a career as an operations manager instead. His brother, Alan Nelson, also played first-class cricket for Ireland. More recently, his nephew, Lee Nelson, has played first-class cricket for the Northern Knights.

All-rounder
An all-rounder is a cricketer who regularly performs well at both batting and bowling. Although all bowlers must bat and quite a handful of batsmen do bowl occasionally, most players are skilled in only one of the two disciplines and are considered specialists. Some wicket-keepers have the skills of a specialist batter and have been referred to as all-rounders, but the term wicket-keeper-batter is more commonly applied to them, even if they are substitute wicket keepers who also bowl.
Parole di burro
"Parole di burro" (lit. 'Words made of butter'), also known as "Narciso", is a 2000 song composed and performed by Carmen Consoli.

The original title "Narciso" (Narcissus) was changed as in the album there was already a song with a mythologycal figure in its title, "Orfeo" (Orpheus). It was the first song that Consoli composed for the  album Stato di necessità, and it was her initial choice for the Sanremo Music Festival 2000, being eventually replaced by "In bianco e nero".

The song has been described as an 'enchanting vintage bossa nova', with Burt Bacharach and Brazilian music influences.  The music video of the song was directed by Francesco Fei and was shot in Morocco. One of Consoli's major hits, it was nominated for best song at the 2000 Italian Music Award, and won the award for best music video.

Italian Music Awards
The Italian Music Awards were an accolade established in 2001 by the Federation of the Italian Music Industry to recognize the achievements in the Italian music business both by domestic and international artists.

The awards were given by an academy composed of 400 people, including music publishers, journalists, deejays, music producers, managers, retailers and consumers.

The first Italian Music Awards ceremony was held on 5 February 2001, to honor musical accomplishments for the period between 1 December 1999 and 30 November 2000, while the fourth and last awards ceremony was held on 15 December 2003.
The fifth edition of the awards was initially scheduled to be held in the end of 2004, but after being postponed in February 2004 and then in the Spring of 2004, it was canceled due to the lack of a broadcast agreement with the Italian TV networks.

The gap left by the Italian Music Awards was later filled by the Wind Music Awards, established in 2007.
CoRoT-3b
CoRoT-3b (formerly known as CoRoT-Exo-3b) is a brown dwarf or massive extrasolar planet with a mass 21.66 times that of Jupiter. The object orbits the F-type star CoRoT-3 in the constellation of Aquila. The orbit is circular and takes 4.2568 days to complete. It was discovered by the French-led CoRoT mission which detected the dimming of the parent star's light as CoRoT-3b passes in front of it (a situation called a transit).

Astronomical transit
In astronomy, a transit (or astronomical transit) is the passage of a celestial body directly between a larger body and the observer. As viewed from a particular vantage point, the transiting body appears to move across the face of the larger body, covering a small portion of it.

The word "transit" refers to cases where the nearer object appears smaller than the more distant object. Cases where the nearer object appears larger and completely hides the more distant object are known as occultations.

However, the probability of seeing a transiting planet is low because it is dependent on the alignment of the three objects in a nearly perfectly straight line. Many parameters of  a planet and its parent star can be determined based on the transit.
Melichrus procumbens
Melichrus procumbens, commonly known as jam tarts, is a flowering plant in the family Ericaceae and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a low-lying shrub, often forming mats, with hairy, lance-shaped leaves, fragrant, cream-coloured flowers and flattened spherical, green to red drupes.

Ericaceae
The Ericaceae (/ˌɛrɪˈkeɪsi.aɪ, -iː/) are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the heath or heather family, found most commonly in acidic and infertile growing conditions. The family is large, with about 4,250 known species spread across 124 genera, making it the 14th most speciose family of flowering plants. The many well known and economically important members of the Ericaceae include the cranberry, blueberry, huckleberry, rhododendron (including azaleas), and various common heaths and heathers (Erica, Cassiope, Daboecia, and Calluna for example).
William Hespeler
William Hespeler (December 29, 1830 – April 18, 1921), born Wilhelm, was a German-Canadian businessman, immigration agent, and member of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba. He served as Speaker of the Legislature and as honorary consul of Germany to Winnipeg and the Northwest Territories. He was awarded the Order of the Red Eagle for his services to Germany.

German Canadians
German Canadians (German: Deutschkanadier or Deutsch-Kanadier, pronounced [ˈdɔʏtʃkaˌnaːdi̯ɐ]) are Canadian citizens of German ancestry or Germans who emigrated to and reside in Canada. According to the 2021 census, there are 2,955,695 Canadians with full or partial German ancestry. Some immigrants came from what is today Germany, while larger numbers came from German settlements in Eastern Europe and Imperial Russia; others came from parts of the German Confederation, Austria-Hungary and Switzerland.
Harry Chandlee
Harry Chandlee (1882–1956) was an American screenwriter and film editor and occasional producer. He co-wrote the screenplay for Sergeant York, which was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay at the 1941 Oscars.

During the late 1920s he briefly worked in Britain, editing Moulin Rouge for British International Pictures and The Woman in White for Herbert Wilcox.

Herbert Wilcox
Herbert Sydney Wilcox  CBE (19 April 1890 – 15 May 1977) was a British film producer and director.

He was one of the most successful British filmmakers from the 1920s to the 1950s. He is best known for the films he made with his third wife Anna Neagle.
Ranald Graham
Ranald Ian Mackenzie Graham (3 January 1941 – 29 August 2010) was a Scottish writer, director and producer, best known for his writing work on the British television series The Sweeney, The Professionals and Dempsey and Makepeace.

Strange New World (film)
Strange New World is an American made-for-television science fiction film which first aired on July 13, 1975 on ABC. It stars John Saxon as Captain Anthony Vico (PAX team leader), Kathleen Miller as Dr. Allison Crowley (team navigator and communications expert), and Keene Curtis as Dr. William Scott (team physician/medical doctor). The title of the film was borrowed from the famous opening monologue of Roddenberry's Star Trek.
Elateriospermum
Elateriospermum is a monotypic plant genus in the family Euphorbiaceae. The genus is the only member of tribe Elateriospermeae and contains a single species, Elateriospermum tapos. It is found in Southern Thailand,  Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, and Sumatra. It is known locally as buah perah or perah tree.

This plant (Thai: กระ; kra) is mentioned in Thai literature.

In folklore, it is said to have been used during conflicts as the burning of its wood is said to produce little or no smoke thus not alerting enemies to one's position.

Formerly included in genus *unknown*,

moved to Blumeodendron

Elateriospermum paucinervium Elmer - Blumeodendron tokbrai

Elateriospermum tokbrai Blume - Blumeodendron tokbrai

Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae (/juːˈfɔːrbiˌeɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/), the spurge family, is a large family of flowering plants. In English, they are also commonly called euphorbias, which is also the name of the type genus of the family. Most spurges, such as Euphorbia paralias, are herbs, but some, especially in the tropics, are shrubs or trees, such as Hevea brasiliensis. Some, such as Euphorbia canariensis,: 206  are succulent and resemble cacti because of convergent evolution. This family has a cosmopolitan global distribution. The greatest diversity of species is in the tropics; however, the Euphorbiaceae also have many species in nontropical areas of all continents except Antarctica.