hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
4 December 2013 Iraq attacks
On 4 December 2013, a series of coordinated attacks took place in central and northern Iraq, with the biggest assault taking place at a government building and an adjacent shopping mall in Kirkuk. More than 30 people were killed in the attacks that day, while at least 106 were injured.

Kirkuk
Kirkuk (Arabic: كركوك; Kurdish: کەرکووک, romanized: Kerkûk; Syriac: ܟܪܟܘܟ, romanized: Kerkouk; Turkish: Kerkük) is a major city in northern Iraq, serving as the capital of the Kirkuk Governorate. The city is home to a diverse population of Kurds, Iraqi Turkmens and Arabs. Kirkuk sits on the ruins of the original Kirkuk Citadel which sits near the Khasa River.

It is described by the Kurdish leader and former Iraqi president Jalal Talabani as “the Jerusalem of Kurdistan” even though it is not part of Iraqi Kurdistan region, while it is seen by the Turkmen activist Fatih Salah as the cultural and historical capital of Iraqi Turkmens. The government of Iraq states that Kirkuk represents a small version of Iraq due to its diverse population, and that the city is a model for coexistence in the country.
ORX
Orx is an open-source, portable, lightweight, plug-in-based, data-driven and easy to use 2D-oriented game engine written in C.

It runs on Windows (MinGW and Visual Studio versions), Linux, MacOS, iOS and Android.

Scene graph
A scene graph is a hierarchical data structure commonly used by vector-based graphics editing applications and modern computer games, which cascades the inheritance or spatial representation of a set of objects. It is a collection of nodes in a graph or tree structure. A tree node may have many children but only a single parent, with the effect of a parent applied to all its child nodes; an operation performed on a group automatically propagates its effect to all of its members. In many programs, associating a geometrical transformation matrix (see also transformation and matrix) at each group level and concatenating such matrices together is an efficient and natural way to process such operations. A common feature, for instance, is the ability to group related shapes and objects into a compound object that can then be manipulated as easily as a single object.
Acleris chalybeana
Acleris chalybeana, the lesser maple leafroller moth, is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Arkansas, Connecticut, Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Mississippi, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Ontario, Pennsylvania, Quebec, South Carolina, Tennessee, West Virginia and Wisconsin.

The wingspan is 20–21 mm. The forewings are olive grey. Adults have been recorded on wing from March to November.

The larvae feed on the leaves of Acer rubrum, Acer saccharinum, Acer spicatum, Quercus rubra, Betula (including Betula papyrifera), Corylus and Fagus species. They are light green and reach a length of about 19 mm. Early instar larvae may overwinter in hibernacula on twigs of their host plant. Pupation takes place in a folded leaf shelter.

Quercus rubra
Quercus rubra, the northern red oak or common red oak, is an oak tree in the red oak group (Quercus section Lobatae). It is a native of North America, in the eastern and central United States and southeast and south-central Canada. It has been introduced to small areas in Western Europe, where it can frequently be seen cultivated in gardens and parks. It prefers good soil that is slightly acidic. Often simply called red oak, northern red oak is so named to distinguish it from southern red oak (Q. falcata), also known as the Spanish oak.
Daihatsu Cast
The Daihatsu Cast (Japanese: ダイハツ・キャスト, Hepburn: Daihatsu Kyasuto) is a kei car built by the Japanese manufacturer Daihatsu since 2015. It comes in three variations designated, "Style", "Activa" and "Sport". Each one can be equipped with either front- or four-wheel drive configuration.

The Cast is also sold by Toyota as the Toyota Pixis Joy (Japanese: トヨタ・ピクシスジョイ, Hepburn: Toyota Pikushisu Joi), which was launched on 31 August 2016.

Front-wheel drive
Front-wheel drive (FWD) is a form of engine and transmission layout used in motor vehicles, in which the engine drives the front wheels only. Most modern front-wheel-drive vehicles feature a transverse engine, rather than the conventional longitudinal engine arrangement generally found in rear-wheel-drive and four-wheel-drive vehicles.
Olivella mica
Olivella mica is a species of small sea snail, marine gastropod mollusk in the subfamily Olivellinae, in the family Olividae, the olives.  Species in the genus Olivella are commonly called dwarf olives.

Olive snail
Olive snails, also known as olive shells and olives, scientific name Olividae, are a taxonomic family of medium to large predatory sea snails with smooth, shiny, elongated oval-shaped shells.

The shells often show various muted but attractive colors, and may be patterned also. They are marine gastropod molluscs in the family Olividae within the main clade Neogastropoda.
Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta
Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta is a legendary Sumerian account, preserved in early post-Sumerian copies, composed in the Neo-Sumerian period (ca. 21st century BC).
It is one of a series of accounts describing the conflicts between Enmerkar, king of Unug-Kulaba, and the unnamed king of Aratta.

Because it gives a Sumerian account of the "confusion of tongues", and also involves Enmerkar constructing temples at Eridu and Uruk, it has, since the time of Samuel Kramer, been compared with the Tower of Babel narrative in the Book of Genesis.

Me (mythology)
In Mesopotamian culture, Me (𒈨; Sumerian: me; Akkadian: parṣu) are rituals that were considered to be the property of the gods. During the performance of a Me, the respective deity incarnates itself in the person performing the ritual. The Sumerian religious and cultural life was based on the Me. Thus, the correct practice of these rituals at the temples was essential for the existence of society.
1996 United States presidential election in Florida
The 1996 United States presidential election in Florida took place on November 5, 1996, as part of the 1996 United States presidential election. Voters chose twenty-five representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president. Florida was won by President Bill Clinton (D) over Senator Bob Dole (R-KS), with Clinton winning 48.02% to 42.32% by a margin of 5.7%. Billionaire businessman Ross Perot (Reform-TX) finished in third, with 9.12% of the popular vote.

As of the 2024 presidential election, this is the last election in which Calhoun County, Dixie County, Gilchrist County, Franklin County, Glades County, Gulf County, Hamilton County, Hendry County, Levy County, Madison County, Okeechobee County, Putnam County, Sumter County, Taylor County, Wakulla County, and Citrus County voted for a Democratic presidential candidate and the last election in which Orange County voted for a Republican presidential candidate.

Gilchrist County, Florida
Gilchrist County is a county located in the north central part of the U.S. state of Florida. Organized in 1925 from the western part of Alachua, it is the last county to be formed in the state. As of the 2020 census, the population was 17,864. The county seat is Trenton.

Gilchrist County is included in the Gainesville, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Mandjelia yuccabine
Mandjelia yuccabine is a species of mygalomorph spider in the Barychelidae family. It is endemic to Australia. It was described in 1994 by Australian arachnologists Robert Raven and Tracey Churchill. The specific epithet yuccabine refers to the type locality.

Arachnology
Arachnology (from Ancient Greek ἀράχνη (arákhnē), meaning "spider", and λόγος (lógos), meaning "study") is the scientific study of arachnids, which comprise spiders and related invertebrates such as scorpions, pseudoscorpions, harvestmen, ticks, and mites. Those who study spiders and other arachnids are arachnologists. More narrowly, the study of spiders alone (order Araneae) is known as araneology.

The word "arachnology" from Ancient Greek ἀράχνη (arákhnē), meaning "spider", and λόγος (lógos), meaning "study". The Ancient Greek word for "spider" itself refers to Arachne, the female protagonist of an ancient tale of the Greek Mythology.
Norfolk Chamber Music Festival
The Norfolk Chamber Music Festival, hosted in Norfolk, Connecticut, is a summer music festival. Set among the Litchfield Hills of the lower Berkshires, the Festival traces its roots to the Battell family, who started hosting summer concerts on the Norfolk town green in the 1880s. It is hosted by the Yale School of Music.

Yale School of Music
The Yale School of Music (often abbreviated to YSM) is one of the 12 professional schools at Yale University. It offers three graduate degrees: Master of Music (MM), Master of Musical Arts (MMA), and Doctor of Musical Arts (DMA), as well as a joint Bachelor of Arts—Master of Music program in conjunction with Yale College, a Certificate in Performance, and an artist diploma.

Yale is the only Ivy League school with a dedicated School of Music; the university also has a separate Department of Music in the Division of Humanities of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences. The School of Music originated in 1855 with a gift of $5,000 from Joseph Battell and conferred its first degrees in 1894; it has a separate endowment, and as a result of a 2005 gift waives tuition and gives students maintenance grants.

José García-León, formerly dean of academic affairs and assessment at Juilliard, succeeded Robert Blocker as dean of the Yale School of Music in fall 2023.
Mohammadganj
Mohammadganj is a community development block located in Palamu district of Jharkhand state in India. There are total 43 revenue villages in Mohammadganj Block. Mohammadganj alias Mohsin Nagar is also a gram panchayat in the list of these villages.
There is tourist palace called Bhim Chulha, located on the banks of North Koel River. The nearby barrage on North Koel River is named as Bheem Barrage.

Schools in Mohammadganj

Upgraded High School, Station Road

N K P High School, Colony

Shishu Shiksha Mandir School, Mohammadganj

Palamu district
Palamu district is one of the twenty-four districts of Jharkhand, India. It was formed in 1892. The administrative headquarters of the district is Medininagar, situated on the Koel River. Palamu district lies in north-western part of Jharkhand. It shares border with Chatra, Garhwa & Latehar Districts of Jharkhand state.
Stoke Bank
Stoke Bank is an inclined stretch of the East Coast Main Line (ECML) between Peterborough and Grantham. It is named after the village of Stoke Rochford, close to Stoke Summit, which at 345 feet (105 m) above sea level is the highest point of the ECML between London King's Cross and Berwick-upon-Tweed. It is not however, the highest point of the entire ECML, which is Grantshouse Summit between Berwick and Edinburgh at 400 feet (120 m).

The climb up the bank begins roughly 15 miles (24 km) north of Peterborough, which is close to sea level, and ascends to Stoke Summit over a distance of approximately 10 miles (16 km) with gradients of up to 1 in 178 (0.56%). Shortly after the summit, the line runs through the 880 yards (800 m) Stoke Tunnel. It then descends for around 5 miles at 1 in 200 (0.5%) before reaching Grantham station, and then continues on a more gradual descent for around 15 miles, until reaching Newark North Gate, which is also near sea level.

Berwick-upon-Tweed railway station
Berwick-upon-Tweed is a railway station on the East Coast Main Line, which runs between London King's Cross and Edinburgh Waverley. The station, situated 67 miles (108 km) north-west of Newcastle, serves the border town of Berwick-upon-Tweed in Northumberland, England. It is owned by Network Rail and managed by London North Eastern Railway.

It is the most northerly railway station in England, being less than 3 miles (4.8 km) from the border with Scotland. The station, with its long single island platform, lies immediately to the north of the Royal Border Bridge.
Malaysia Federal Route 109
Federal Route 109, or Jalan Sungai Perak Kanan or Jalan Sungai Manik, is a federal road in Perak, Malaysia. It is also a main route to Pasir Salak Historical Complex in Pasir Salak.

The Kilometre Zero of the Federal Route 109 is located at Bota Kanan, at its junction with the Federal Route 5, the main trunk road of the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia.

Pasir Salak Historical Complex
4°10′24.1″N 100°56′48.7″E﻿ / ﻿4.173361°N 100.946861°E﻿ / 4.173361; 100.946861

The Pasir Salak Historical Complex (Malay: Kompleks Sejarah Pasir Salak) is a historical complex in Pasir Salak, Perak Tengah District, Perak, Malaysia.
Blasco I d'Alagona
Blasco I Alagona or d'Alagona (died 1301), called the Elder, was an Aragonese nobleman and soldier in the service of the Kingdom of Sicily after 1285. His family was originally from Alagón. As a military commander, he was noted for his adept use of mobile infantry against heavy cavalry.

Alagón, Zaragoza
Alagón is a municipality in the province of Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2009 census (INE), it had a population of 7195.

Historically, a Jewish community living in Alagón during the period of Muslim rule. However, in 1492, the community was decimated following the expulsion of the Jews.
Karol Maleczyński
Karol Maleczyński (1897–1968) was a Polish historian.

Karol Maleczyński was born October 28, 1897, in Grębowo near Tarnobrzeg. He was the son of Stefan and Józefina. Maleczyński attended to gimnazjum in Stanisławów and Lwów from 1907 to 1915. He enrolled at the University in Lwów, but was enlisted to the Austrian Army. Later he served in the Polish Army. After demobilisation, he again enrolled at the University in Lwów, where he studied history. He graduated in March 1924.

Maleczyński gained his PhD at the Jan Kazimierz University in Lwów in 1924. He completed his habilitation at the same university in 1929 and became a professor in 1939. After the Second World War Maleczyński worked at the University of Wrocław.

Karol Maleczyński was the author of around 250 publications. He was also an editor of the Gesta principum Polonorum.

Grębowo
Grębowo [ɡrɛmˈbɔvɔ] (German: Grambow) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kamień Pomorski, within Kamień County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) south-east of Kamień Pomorski and 62 km (39 mi) north of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
Blood Orange (1953 film)
Blood Orange (U.S. title: Three Stops to Murder) is a 1953 British crime drama directed by Terence Fisher and starring Tom Conway and Mila Parély. The screenplay was by Jan Read. J. Elder Wills was art director, Phil Leakey Makeup, and Jimmy Sangster was assistant director. Filming began on March 16, 1953, and the film was released on Oct. 10, 1953. Most reviewers commented on how uneventful the film was, which is surprising given its extremely complex plot.

Jimmy Sangster
James Henry Kinmel Sangster (2 December 1927 – 19 August 2011) was a Welsh screenwriter and film director, best known for his work on the initial horror films made by Hammer Film Productions, including The Curse of Frankenstein (1957) and Dracula (1958).
Walwan Dam
Walwan Dam, (or Valvan Dam) is a gravity dam on the Indrayani river near Lonavala, Pune district in State of Maharashtra in India. It provides water to the nearby Khopoli Power Plant and to residents of Lonavala and Khandala and neighborhood villages.

Lonavala
Lonavala-Khandala is a hill station and a municipal council in the Pune district, Maharashtra. It is about 64 km (40 miles) west of Pune and 96 km (60 miles) to the east of Mumbai. It is known for its production of the hard candy chikki and is also a major stop on the railway line connecting Mumbai and Pune. From the Pune suburbs, local trains are available from Pune Junction. The Mumbai-Pune Expressway and the Mumbai-Pune national highway both pass through Lonavala.

Lonavala is also home to INS Shivaji (formerly HMIS Shivaji), the Indian Navy's premier technical training institute. On 16 February 1945, the Establishment was commissioned as HMIS Shivaji and since then, the premier Technical Training Establishment of the Indian Navy trains officers.
Dale Matchett (curler)
Dale Matchett (born September 1, 1975 in Newmarket, Ontario) is a Canadian curler from Alliston, Ontario.  Matchett is a former provincial junior curling champion and a regular on the World Curling Tour.

KW Fall Classic
The KW Fall Classic is an annual bonspiel, or curling tournament, that takes place at the KW Granite Club in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. The tournament has been held as part of the men's and women's Ontario Curling Tour, and both the men's and women's events were included in the World Curling Tour starting in 2013. It is considered a "development tour" event.
Rapacki Plan
The Rapacki Plan (pronounced Rapatz-ki) was a proposal presented in a speech by Polish Foreign Minister Adam Rapacki to the United Nations General Assembly on 2 October 1957 as a limited plan for nuclear disarmament and demilitarization in Central Europe by establishing a nuclear-free zone. The plan declared that the People's Republic of Poland would not station or produce any nuclear armaments within their territory, if the Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic agreed to do the same. Czechoslovakia would later include itself in support of the nuclear-free zone. The plan followed attempts by both Western Powers and the Soviet Union to de-escalate Cold War tensions and push for greater disarmament during the mid 1950s.

Demilitarisation
Demilitarisation or demilitarization may mean the reduction of the armed forces of a state or other political entity; it is the opposite of militarisation in many respects. For instance, the demilitarisation of Northern Ireland entailed the reduction of British security and military apparatuses. Demilitarisation in this sense is usually the result of a peace treaty ending a war or a major conflict. The principle is distinguished from demobilisation, which refers to the drastic voluntary reduction in the size of a victorious army.
Janet Williams (soprano)
Janet Williams (born 1965) is an American soprano who has won international critical acclaim for performances at the Metropolitan Opera, Berlin Staatsoper, Paris Opera, Théâtre des Champs-Élysées, Opera de Lyon, Nice Opera, Théâtre Royal de la Monnaie, Opera Geneva, Frankfurt Opera, Cologne Opera, Leipzig Opera, San Francisco Opera, Washington Opera, Dallas Opera, and Michigan Opera Theatre as well as in concerts throughout Europe, North America, Canada, Israel and Japan with conductors including Vladimir Ashkenazy, Daniel Barenboim, Myung-whun Chung, Philippe Herreweghe, René Jacobs, Marek Janowski, Neeme Järvi, Raymond Leppard, Fabio Luisi, Sir Neville Marriner, Nicholas McGegan, Zubin Mehta, Kent Nagano, John Nelson, Donald Runnicles, Gerard Schwarz and Michael Tilson Thomas.

Raymond Leppard
Raymond John Leppard CBE (11 August 1927 – 22 October 2019) was a British-American conductor, harpsichordist, composer and editor. In the 1960s, he played a prime role in the rebirth of interest in Baroque music; in particular, he was one of the first major conductors to perform Baroque opera, reviving works by Claudio Monteverdi and Francesco Cavalli. He conducted operas at major international opera houses and festivals, including the Glyndebourne Festival where he led the world premiere of Nicholas Maw's The Rising of the Moon, the Metropolitan Opera and the Royal Opera House. He composed film scores such as Lord of the Flies and Alfred the Great.
Hôpital de Purpan
The Hôpital de Purpan (French pronunciation: [opital də pyʁpɑ̃]) is a public health establishment located in France in Toulouse Haute-Garonne district of Purpan. It is part of the Centre hospitalier universitaire de Toulouse.

Haute-Garonne
Haute-Garonne (French pronunciation: [ot ɡaʁɔn]; Occitan: Nauta Garona, pronounced [ˈnawto ɡaˈɾuno]; Upper Garonne) is a department in the southwestern French region of Occitanie. Named after the river Garonne, which flows through the department. Its prefecture and main city is Toulouse, the country's fourth-largest. In 2019, it had a population of 1,400,039.
Leo Geyr von Schweppenburg
Leo Dietrich Franz Reichsfreiherr Geyr von Schweppenburg (2 March 1886 – 27 January 1974) was a German general in the Wehrmacht during World War II, noted for his pioneering stance and expertise in the field of armoured warfare.
He commanded the 5th Panzer Army (formalised as Panzer Group West) during the Invasion of Normandy, and later served as  Inspector General of Armoured Troops. After the war he was involved in the development of the newly built German Army (Bundeswehr).

General (Germany)
General (German pronunciation: [ɡenəˈʁaːl] ⓘ) is the highest rank of the German Army and German Air Force. As a four-star rank it is the equivalent to the rank of admiral in the German Navy.

The rank is rated OF-9 in NATO. It is grade B10 in the pay rules of the Federal Ministry of Defence.
Rhiwallon ap Cynfyn
Rhiwallon ap Cynfyn (c. 1020 – c. 1070) was an 11th-century Welsh King and co-ruler of the kingdoms of Gwynedd and Powys from 1063 to 1070. The son of Cynfyn ap Gwerstan and brother of King Bleddyn of Powys. Through his mother Angharad, he was half-brother to King Gruffydd ap Llywelyn as well. Following the 1063 invasion of Wales by Harold and Tostig Godwinson that overthrew Gruffydd, Rhiwallon and Bleddyn jointly received Powys and Gwynedd on condition of faithfully serving Edward the Confessor "everywhere by water and by land".

In August 1067, Rhiwallon and Bleddyn joined Eadric the Wild in an attack upon Herefordshire as part of the Saxon resistance to the recent Norman Conquest of England. In 1070, the two brothers fought in the Battle of Mechain against Gruffydd's sons Maredudd and Idwal. Though victorious, Rhiwallon was slain in battle and left Bleddyn sole prince of North Wales.

Angharad
Angharad (/æŋˈhærəd/, ang-HARR-ad; or /æŋˈhæræd/; Welsh: [aˈŋ̊arad] ⓘ) is a feminine given name in the Welsh language, having a long association with Welsh royalty, history and myth. It translates into English as much loved one. In Welsh mythology, Angharad Golden-Hand is the lover of Peredur in the myth cycle The Mabinogion.
Nepenthes danseri
Nepenthes danseri (/nɪˈpɛnθiːz ˈdænsəraɪ/; after B. H. Danser, botanist) is a species of tropical pitcher plant. It is known only from the northern coast of Waigeo Island; plants from Halmahera, the largest of the Maluku Islands, are now recognised as belonging to a separate species, N. halmahera.

Nepenthes danseri was formally described in 1997 by Matthew Jebb and Martin Cheek in their monograph "A skeletal revision of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae)", published in the botanical journal Blumea. However, the name N. danseri had already been in use since at least 1994.

Halmahera
Halmahera, formerly known as Jilolo, Gilolo, or Jailolo, is the largest island in the Maluku Islands. It is part of the North Maluku province of Indonesia, and Sofifi, the capital of the province, is located on the west coast of the island.

Halmahera has a land area of 17,780 km2 (6,860 sq mi). It is the largest island of Indonesia outside the five main islands. It had a population of 162,728 in 1995; by 2010, it had increased to 449,938 for the island itself (excluding the tip which is considered part of the Joronga Islands, but including Gebe and Ju islands) and 667,161 for the island group (including all of South Halmahera and Tidore, but not Ternate). Approximately half of the island's inhabitants are Muslim and half are Christian.