hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jack Hand
Jack Jefferson Hand (September 25, 1912 – May 6, 1995) was an American sports reporter for the Associated Press (AP) from 1943 to 1971. His work included coverage of the Olympic Games, the World Series, championship boxing, and the first Super Bowl. He was given the Nat Fleischer Award by the Boxing Writers Association of America in 1975 for excellence in boxing journalism. After retiring from the AP, Hand was an information and editorial coordinator for the National Football League (NFL) and later was a consultant and contributor to the NFL's weekly GameDay program (now known as Sunday NFL Countdown).

Hand was a graduate of Hamilton College in New York. He began his journalism career for The Binghamton Sun in his hometown of Binghamton, New York and broadcast games of the Binghamton Triplets minor league baseball team. He died aged 82 on May 6, 1995, in his home in New Milford, Pennsylvania.

Binghamton Triplets
The Binghamton Triplets were a minor league baseball team based in Binghamton, New York between 1923 and 1963. The franchise played as members of the New York–Penn League (1923–1937), Eastern League (1938–1963), New York–Penn League (1964–1966) and Eastern League (1967–1968). Binghamton was a minor league affiliate of the New York Yankees, Milwaukee Braves and Kansas City Athletics, winning ten league championships.
Easter Seals
Easter Seals can refer to:

Easterseals (U.S.) – formerly "Easter Seals", an international charitable organization devoted to providing opportunities for children and adults with physical disabilities.

Easter Seals (Canada) – a Canadian organization inspired by the United States–based organization

Easter seals (philately) – stamps issued by the above organizations

Easter seals (philately)
An Easter seal is a form of charity label issued to raise funds for charitable purposes. They are issued by the Easterseals charity in the United States, and by the Canadian Easter Seals charities.

Easter seals are applied to the front of mail to show support for particular charitable causes. They are distributed along with appeals to donate to the charities they support.

Easter seals are a form of Cinderella stamp. They do not have any postal value.
Ω-bounded space
In mathematics, an ω-bounded space is a topological space in which the closure of every countable subset is compact. More generally, if P is some property of subspaces, then a P-bounded space is one in which every subspace with property P has compact closure.

Every compact space is ω-bounded, and every ω-bounded space is countably compact. The long line is ω-bounded but not compact.

The bagpipe theorem describes the ω-bounded surfaces.

Closure (topology)
In topology, the closure of a subset S of points in a topological space consists of all points in S together with all limit points of S. The closure of S may equivalently be defined as the union of S and its boundary, and also as the intersection of all closed sets containing S. Intuitively, the closure can be thought of as all the points that are either in S or "very near" S. A point which is in the closure of S is a point of closure of S. The notion of closure is in many ways dual to the notion of interior.
Wayland Downtown Historic District
The Wayland Downtown Historic District is primarily commercial historic district  located on Main and Superior Streets, between Maple and Pine Streets and between Church and Forest Streets in Wayland, Michigan. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.

Wayland, Michigan
Wayland is a city in Allegan County in the U.S. state of Michigan.  The population was 4,435 at the 2020 census.

The city is located at the northwest corner of Wayland Township, but is politically independent. The city has also incorporated a portion of land in the south of adjacent Leighton Township. U.S. Route 131 forms the western boundary of the city. The city is home to OpenRoad Brewery, as well as several local restaurants and businesses.
Lark (album)
Lark is the second studio album released by British singer songwriter Linda Lewis. It was recorded at Apple studio for Reprise Records and released in 1972. It was re-released in 1973 with the hit single Rock A Doodle Do added as the first track of side 2 of the LP.

The cover was designed by English art director John Kosh with photography by Peter Howe.

Rock-a-Doodle-Doo
"Rock-a-Doodle-Doo" is a song and hit single by English singer-songwriter  Linda Lewis.

Written by Lewis and produced by Lewis and her first husband, Jim Cregan, it was her first hit and her first on the Warner Bros. Records vanity label Raft Records. The song entered the UK charts at #50 in June 1973 and reached #15 in July, finally leaving the chart in August 1973.
Rideau Ferry
Rideau Ferry is a small community in Eastern Ontario, Canada, along the Rideau Waterway. Rideau Ferry straddles a narrow stretch of water joining the Big Rideau Lake to the Lower Rideau Lake. At Rideau Ferry, the south shore of the Rideau Waterway is located within the Township of Rideau Lakes in Leeds and Grenville County, and the north shore is located within the township of Drummond/North Elmsley in Lanark County.

Eastern Ontario
Eastern Ontario (census population 1,892,332 in 2021) (French: Est de l'Ontario) is a secondary region of Southern Ontario in the Canadian province of Ontario. It occupies a wedge-shaped area bounded by the Ottawa River and Quebec to the northeast and east, the St. Lawrence River and New York to the south, and Northern Ontario and Central Ontario to the west and northwest.
Hungarian–Czechoslovak War
The Hungarian–Czechoslovak War, also known as the War for Upper Hungary (Hungarian: Háború Felső-Magyarországért), was a military conflict between the Czechoslovakia and Hungary. It lasted from November 1918 to August 1919.

In 1919, the Hungarian Red Army launched a military operation against Czechoslovak forces, which is referred to in Hungary as the Northern Campaign (Hungarian: északi hadjárat).

Zvolen
Zvolen (Slovak pronunciation: [ˈzʋɔlen] ⓘ; Hungarian: Zólyom; German: Altsohl) is a city in central Slovakia, situated on the confluence of Hron and Slatina rivers. It is famous for several historical and cultural attractions. It is surrounded by Poľana mountain from the East, by Kremnické vrchy from the West, and by Javorie and Štiavnické vrchy from the South.

The population numbers approximately 40,000, which makes it the twelfth-largest city in Slovakia by population, thirteenth by size. It is the center of the Podpoľanie historical region and the seat of a county (Zvolen District). It is also an important transportation hub in Slovakia, being one of the four central train stations in Slovakia (others are Bratislava, Košice, and Žilina).
McLean House (Little Rock, Arkansas)
The McLean House is a historic house at 470 Ridgeway in Little Rock, Arkansas.  It is a 2+1⁄2-story Colonial Revival wood-frame structure, five bays wide, with a side gable roof and weatherboard siding.  The main entrance is distinguished by its surround, with Tuscan columns supporting an oversized segmented-arch pediment.  Enclosed porches with paneled and pilastered corners extend to either side of the main block.  The house designed by the architectural firm of Thompson and Harding and built around 1920.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

Gable roof
A gable roof is a roof consisting of two sections whose upper horizontal edges meet to form its ridge. The most common roof shape in cold or temperate climates, it is constructed of rafters, roof trusses or purlins. The pitch of a gable roof can vary greatly.
Oparzno
Oparzno [ɔˈpaʐnɔ] (German Wopersnow) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Świdwin, within Świdwin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) south-west of Świdwin and 84 km (52 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Świdwin County
Świdwin County (Polish: powiat świdwiński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in West Pomeranian Voivodeship, north-western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Świdwin, which lies 89 kilometres (55 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin. The only other town in the county is Połczyn-Zdrój, lying 23 km (14 mi) east of Świdwin.

The county covers an area of 1,093.06 square kilometres (422.0 sq mi). As of 2012 its total population is 49,181.
Varalotti
Varalotti is a village of the Virudhunagar district in Tamil Nadu, India. Varalotti is situated 12 km east of the Virudhunagar district headquarters and 14 km from Kariapatti. It lies approximately 533 km from the state capital, Chennai. By the way, Nearby railway station of Varalotti is Virudhunagar railway station.

The nearest cities to Varalotti are Valukkalotti (3 km), Palavanatham (5 km), Rosalpatti (6 km), and Thanga Mani Colony (6 km). Varalotti is bordered by Aruppukottai Block to the south, Kallikudi Block to the north, Kariapatti Block to the east, and T. Kallupatti Block to the west.

Geographically, Varalotti is located near the border of Virudhunagar District and Madurai District, with Kallikudi in Madurai District lying to its north.

Madurai district
Madurai district is one of the 38 districts of the state of Tamil Nadu in southeastern India. The city of Madurai serves as the district headquarters. It houses the famous Sri Meenakshi Sundareshwarar temple and is situated on the banks of the river Vaigai. Thiruparankundram is one of the major tourist places in the district. As of 2011, the district had a population of 3,038,252 with a sex-ratio of 990 females for every 1,000 males. Aside from the city of Madurai, the larger towns of the district include Melur, Vadipatti, Thirumangalam, Thirupparankundram, Peraiyur, and Usilampatti.
Couch Beach, South Australia
Couch Beach (formerly Couch's Beach) is a locality in the Australian state of  South Australia located on the western side of Yorke Peninsula on the portion forming the south coast of Hardwicke Bay in Spencer Gulf about 130 kilometres (81 miles) west of the state capital of Adelaide.

Its boundaries were created in May 1999 for the “long established name” which was formerly Couch's Beach and which was derived from the Couch family who “owned the land for many years”  It is bounded on all sides by the adjoining locality of The Pines.

As of 2015, the majority land use within the locality is agriculture.  A secondary use concerns the strip of land overlooking the coastline with Spencer Gulf which is zoned for conservation.

Couch Beach is located within the federal division of Grey, the state electoral district of Narungga and the local government area of the Yorke Peninsula Council.

Yorke Peninsula Council
The Yorke Peninsula Council is a local government area in South Australia. Its boundaries include most of the Yorke Peninsula. The main Council office is at Maitland; the council also maintains branch offices at Minlaton and Yorketown.
Fame (The Game)
"Fame (The Game)" is a song by Donna Summer, released as the fourth and final single from her 2008 studio album Crayons. The song was written by Summer and Toby Gad, and produced by Gad. It was released on November 19, 2008, by Burgundy. It reached No. 1 on the Billboard Hot Dance Club Play chart.

Toby Gad
Tobias "Toby" Gad (born 28 March 1968) is a German music producer and songwriter based in Los Angeles. He is known for co-writing songs including John Legend's biggest hit, "All of Me", the fifth-highest certified single in RIAA history, and for co-writing and producing "Big Girls Don't Cry" by Fergie and "If I Were a Boy" by Beyoncé. Other notable works include "Skyscraper" for Demi Lovato, "Who You Are" for Jessie J, "Untouched" for The Veronicas, "A Year Without Rain" for Selena Gomez & the Scene, "Don't Hold Your Breath" for Nicole Scherzinger, "Love You More" for JLS, and "I Do" for Colbie Caillat.

In the third quarter of 2014, Gad was ranked the #3 songwriter in America by Billboard, behind Ryan Tedder and Pharrell Williams.
ADP-sugar diphosphatase
In enzymology, an ADP-sugar diphosphatase (EC 3.6.1.21) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

ADP-sugar + H2O  AMP + alpha-D-aldose 1-phosphate

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are ADP-sugar and H2O, whereas its two products are AMP and alpha-D-aldose 1-phosphate.

This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on acid anhydrides in phosphorus-containing anhydrides.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is ADP-sugar sugarphosphohydrolase. Other names in common use include ADP-sugar pyrophosphatase, and adenosine diphosphosugar pyrophosphatase.  This enzyme participates in 3 metabolic pathways: fructose and mannose metabolism, purine metabolism, and starch and sucrose metabolism.

Fructose
Fructose (/ˈfrʌktoʊs, -oʊz/), or fruit sugar, is a common monosaccharide, i.e. a simple sugar. It is classified as a reducing hexose, more specifically a ketonic simple sugar found in many plants, where it is often bonded to glucose to form the disaccharide sucrose. A white, water-soluble solid, it is one of the three dietary monosaccharides, along with glucose and galactose.
Fructose is found in honey, tree and vine fruits, flowers, berries, and most root vegetables.
Mellen Township, Michigan
Mellen Township is a civil township of Menominee County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 1,109 at the 2020 census. It is named after pioneer settler Mellen Smith (1829–1905), who served as the first postmaster at Wallace.

Postmaster
A postmaster is the head of an individual post office, responsible for all postal activities in a specific post office.  When a postmaster is responsible for an entire mail distribution organization (usually sponsored by a national government), the title of Postmaster General is commonly used. 
Responsibilities of a postmaster typically include management of a centralized mail distribution facility, establishment of letter carrier routes, supervision of letter carriers and clerks, and enforcement of the organization's rules and procedures. The postmaster is the representative of the Postmaster General in that post office.

In Canada, many early places are named after the first postmaster.
Wenche Nistad
Wenche Karin Nistad (born 1952) is a Norwegian businessperson and civil servant.

She hails from Sande i Sunnfjord. She took her siv.øk. degree at the Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration in 1976, and worked in Norsk Elektrisk & Brown Boveri from 1976 to 1984. She was the director of Bergen Bank from 1984, and in Den norske Bank after the 1990 merger. From 1994 to 2003 she was the CEO of Luxo. She then went on to Hadeland Glassverk, but resigned in 2004 after a tenure of only thirteen months. Dagens Næringsliv speculated that there was a conflict with owner Atle Brynestad. On 1 June 2005 Nistad assumed office as director of the Norwegian Guarantee Institute for Export Credits.

Norsk Elektrisk & Brown Boveri
Norsk Elektrisk & Brown Boveri A/S also known as NEBB was a Norwegian manufacturing company, which built a lot of the rolling stock that is used by Norges Statsbaner. The plant was located at Skøyen. In 1988, it merged into Asea Brown Boveri (ABB).
Ministrymon azia
Ministrymon azia, the gray ministreak, is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found from the southern United States to southern Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina. It is found in virtually all lowland habitats, ranging from deserts in coastal Peru and Chile to rainforests in the Amazon basin.

The wingspan is 16–24 mm. Adults are on wing from March to September in Florida and Texas, but year-round in most of the tropics. Adults feed on the nectar of various flowers, including Leucaena leucocephala, Melilotus alba, Cynoglossum amabile, Bidens alba, Turnera ulmifolia, Mimosa pudica and Acacia species.

The larvae feed on the flowers of a wide variety of Fabaceae, including Acacia, Mimosa (including M. malacophylla) and Leucaena species (including L. leucocephala), as well as Lysiloma bahamensis.

Cynoglossum amabile
Cynoglossum amabile, the Chinese hound's tongue or Chinese forget-me-not, is a species  of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, native to Asia. A hardy annual growing to 50 cm (20 in), it has hairy leaves and cymes of sky-blue flowers in late summer. This plant, closely related to the common forget-me-not of temperate gardens (Myosotis sylvatica), is also grown as an ornamental. In cultivation in the UK it has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. (confirmed 2017).

The Latin specific epithet amabile means "lovely".
Núria Perpinyà
Núria Perpinyà Filella (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈnuɾiə pəɾpiˈɲa fiˈleʎə]; born 1961) is a Catalan novelist, a playwright and an essayist. Senior Lecturer in Theory and Comparative Literature at the university of Lleida in Catalonia, Spain. Her novels deal with unusual topics and are characterized by their intellectual irony, formal rigor and experimentalism. In her books, she defends the philosophy of Perspectivism and reflects on the fact that the phenomena have multiple interpretations. Her creative work is written in Catalan, but most of the essays are published in Spanish or in English.

Literary theory
Literary theory is the systematic study of the nature of literature and of the methods for literary analysis. Since the 19th century, literary scholarship includes literary theory and considerations of intellectual history, moral philosophy, social philosophy, and interdisciplinary themes relevant to how people interpret meaning. In the humanities in modern academia, the latter style of literary scholarship is an offshoot of post-structuralism. Consequently, the word theory became an umbrella term for scholarly approaches to reading texts, some of which are informed by strands of semiotics, cultural studies, philosophy of language, and continental philosophy, often witnessed within Western canon along with some postmodernist theory.
Joseon missions to Japan
Joseon missions to Japan represent a crucial aspect of the international relations of mutual Joseon-Japanese contacts and communication. In sum, these serial diplomatic ventures illustrate the persistence of Joseon's gyorin (neighborly relations) diplomacy from 1392 to 1910.

The chronology of one side in a bilateral relationship stands on its own. This long-term, strategic policy contrasts with the sadae (serving the great) diplomacy that characterized Joseon-Chinese relations. The unique nature of these bilateral diplomatic exchanges evolved from a conceptual framework of the tributary system of China. Gradually, the theoretical model would be modified. The changing model mirrors the evolution of a unique relationship between two neighboring states.  In the 20th century, gyorin diplomacy failed.

Taejo of Joseon
Taejo (4 November 1335 – 27 June 1408), personal name Yi Sŏnggye, later changed to Yi Tan, was the founder and first monarch of the Joseon dynasty of Korea. After overthrowing the Goryeo dynasty, he ascended to the throne in 1392 and abdicated six years later during a strife between his sons. He was honored as Emperor Ko following the establishment of the Korean Empire.

Taejo emphasized continuity over change. No new institutions were created, and no massive purges occurred during his reign. His new dynasty was largely dominated by the same ruling families and officials that had served the previous regime. He re-established amicable ties with Japan and improved relations with Ming China.
Taro purée
Taro purée, also known as taro mash or taro paste, (Chinese: 芋泥; pinyin: yùní; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ō̍‑nî) is a traditional dessert in Fujianese cuisine and Teochew cuisine. Made from puréed taro and lard and served on a flat plate, the dessert is normally topped with toasted sesame seeds, and occasionally with candied ginkgo, red dates, or melon seeds.

Lard
Lard is a semi-solid white fat product obtained by rendering the fatty tissue of a pig. It is distinguished from tallow, a  similar product derived from fat of cattle or sheep.

Lard can be rendered by steaming, boiling, or dry heat. The culinary qualities of lard vary somewhat depending on the origin and processing method; if properly rendered, it may be nearly odorless and tasteless.  It has a high saturated fatty acid content and no trans fat. At retail, refined lard is usually sold as paper-wrapped blocks.

Many cuisines use lard as a cooking fat or shortening, or as a spread in the same ways as butter. It is an ingredient in various savoury dishes such as sausages, pâtés, and fillings. As a replacement for butter, it provides flakiness to pastry. In western cuisine, it has ceded its popularity to vegetable oils, but many cooks and bakers still favor it over other fats for certain uses.
Mathrubhumi Literary Award
Mathrubhumi Literary Award (also known as Mathrubhumi Sahitya Puraskaram) is a literary award instituted in 2001 by leading Malayalam daily Mathrubhumi. A sum of ₹3 lakh, a plaque and citation constitute the award. The award is conferred as a recognition of a writer's overall contribution to the Malayalam literature.

Mathrubhumi
Mathrubhumi is a Malayalam newspaper that is published from Kerala, India. It was founded by K. P. Kesava Menon, an active volunteer in the Indian freedom struggle against the British. The word "Mathrubhumi" translates to 'motherland'. It is the second most widely read newspaper daily in Kerala. It publishes a variety of magazines and supplements including the weekly literary magazine, Mathrubhumi Azhchappathippu.
MAMA Festivals
MAMA Festivals is a live music and entertainment company which owns and operates a number of live music venues and festivals in the United Kingdom. Founded in 2005, it has acquired many other venue-holding companies, expanding its reach significantly across England.

The company owns six London venues and three regional venues: Hoxton Square Bar and Kitchen, The Forum in Kentish Town, The Garage in Islington, The Institute in Birmingham, The Ritz in Manchester, and The Arts Club in Liverpool. The venues range in capacity from 300 to 2,300.

In addition, MAMA operates several festivals and events, including Lovebox (London), Wilderness (Oxfordshire), The Great Escape (Brighton), Somersault (North Devon), Global Gathering (Stratford-upon-Avon), Godskitchen, and Future Gods events.

Lovebox Festival
Lovebox is a two-day British music festival, founded by DJs Groove Armada, held annually in London, England between 2002 and 2020. The festival was most recently held in Gunnersbury Park, London in 2019. It is due to return in 2026 but taking place at Dreamland in Margate

Lovebox has also hosted clubnights across London and events in Brighton, Dublin, Belfast, Edinburgh, Newcastle and Ibiza, as well as an annual summer boat party, which ran until 2008.
Ardıçlı, Gercüş
Ardıçlı (Kurdish: Ecibê) is a village in the Gercüş District of the Batman Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Habezbenî tribe and had a population of 209 in 2021 and its population density is 53 inhabitants per km2.

Gercüş District
Gercüş District is a district of Batman Province in Turkey. The town of Gercüş is the seat and the district had a population of 19,304 in 2021. Its area is 914 km2. The district was established in 1926.
.2 Network
.2 Network (pronounced Dot-Two Network) was the name of a planned television network designed for digital television subchannels (hence the ".2") owned by Guardian Enterprise Group. Announced in 2008, the network never ended up going to air due to financial and technical difficulties.

Digital subchannel
In broadcasting, digital subchannels are a method of transmitting more than one independent program stream simultaneously from the same digital radio or television station on the same radio frequency channel. This is done by using data compression techniques to reduce the size of each individual program stream, and multiplexing to combine them into a single signal. The practice is sometimes called "multicasting".