hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Brent H. Goodfellow
Brent H. Goodfellow (born 16 August 1940) is an American politician and educator from Utah.

He is a Democrat, and a former member of the Utah State Senate, representing the state's 12th senate district in Salt Lake and Tooele Counties.

Goodfellow is an alumnus of the University of Utah.

Utah Democratic Party
The Utah Democratic Party (UDP) is the affiliate of the Democratic Party in the U.S. state of Utah.

It has minimal political power in the state.  It controls none of Utah's statewide or federal elected offices, and is in the superminority in both chambers of the Utah State Legislature. Democrats last received Utah's electoral votes in 1964.
Schmarloh
The Schmarloh is a ridge in the Südheide heath in the eastern part of the state of Lower Saxony in Germany, that lies between Groß Oesingen (Gifhorn district) and Lachendorf (Celle district) north of the Wiehe Stream. Its highest point is the 69-metre-high Jahrnsloh Berg, 2 km southwest of Groß Oesingen. It covers an area of 654 square kilometres (253 sq mi).

Originally the Schmarloh was an end moraine that was formed in the Drenthe-II stage of the Ice Age about 230,000 years ago. Several ice sheets after another at an interval of about a thousand years pushed across the existing hills of loose stone and sand, repeatedly depositing material on the tundra-like areas which were reshaped by water and wind each time.

Schmarloh is also part of the municipality of Groß Oesingen.

Lachendorf
Lachendorf (West Low German: Lachendörp) is a municipality in the district of Celle, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated approximately 10 km east of Celle.

Lachendorf is also the seat of the Samtgemeinde ("collective municipality") Lachendorf.
Leonardo Picciani
Leonardo Carneiro Monteiro Picciani (born 6 November 1979 in Nilópolis) is a Brazilian lawyer and politician affiliated to the Brazilian Democratic Movement (MDB), and former minister of Sports appoint by president Michel Temer. Is son of the former state deputy and former president of the Legislative Assembly of Rio de Janeiro, Jorge Picciani, and Rafael Picciani's brother  .

Legislative Assembly of Rio de Janeiro
22°54′14″S 43°10′26″W﻿ / ﻿22.90389°S 43.17389°W﻿ / -22.90389; -43.17389

The Legislative Assembly of Rio de Janeiro (Portuguese: Assembleia Legislativa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro or ALERJ) is the unicameral legislature of the state of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil. It has 70 state deputies elected by proportional representation.

After the 1834 Additional Act, the Provincial Assembly was founded in the city of Vila Real de Praia Grande (now Niterói), after the unification of the states of Guanabara and Rio de Janeiro on March 15, 1975 the assembly was moved to the Tiradentes Palace in the city of Rio de Janeiro (site of the Chamber of Deputies of Brazil until 1960).
Lake Bolshoye Morskoye
Bolshoye Morskoye or Mainychin Ankavatyn (Russian: Большое Морское озеро; Chukot: Майнычин-Анкаватын, Maynıçın-Ankavatın) is a freshwater lake in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia), Russia.

Lying in the tundra of northeastern Yakutia, it is the fourth largest lake in the republic. The nearest inhabited place is Pokhodsk, Lower Kolyma District, located about 130 km (81 mi) to the southeast in a straight line. A 38,200 ha (94,000 acres) sector of the lake and its surroundings is a protected area.

Tundra
In physical geography, a tundra (/ˈtʌndrə, ˈtʊn-/) is a type of biome where tree growth is hindered by frigid temperatures and short growing seasons. There are three regions and associated types of tundra: Arctic, Alpine, and Antarctic.

Tundra vegetation is composed of dwarf shrubs, sedges, grasses, mosses, and lichens. Scattered trees grow in some tundra regions. The ecotone (or ecological boundary region) between the tundra and the forest is known as the tree line or timberline. The tundra soil is rich in nitrogen and phosphorus. The soil also contains large amounts of biomass and decomposed biomass that has been stored as methane and carbon dioxide in the permafrost, making the tundra soil a carbon sink. As global warming heats the ecosystem and causes soil thawing, the permafrost carbon cycle accelerates and releases much of these soil-contained greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, creating a feedback cycle that contributes to climate change.
John Balmbra
John Balmbra (born c. 1811) was the owner, proprietor, manager and licensee of Balmbra's Music Hall in Newcastle, England, to which he gave his name.

John Balmbra was born about 1811 in Alnwick, Northumberland. He became owner and licensee of the Wheatsheaf Public House at 6 Cloth Market, Newcastle, possibly from 1859 to 1864.

In about 1848 a first floor room of the pub was opened and in later advertisements was called "The Royal Music Saloon" (this name appears in advertisements dated 1859).

In about 1862 it appears that the room was rebuilt and the name changed to Balmbra's Music Hall. It was here that the song "Blaydon Races" was first performed by George "Geordie" Ridley in 1862, The song referring to the Music Hall by name, as the starting point of the trip – "I took the bus from Balmbra’s and she was heavy-laden, Away we went along Collingwood Street, that’s on the road to Blaydon."

Blaydon Races
"Blaydon Races" (Roud #3511) is a Geordie folk song of 1862, with lyric by George Ridley written in a style deriving from music hall. It celebrates the horse races held at Blaydon in North East England that year, although mostly composed in advance of the event. The words were inspired by the American ballad "On the Road to Brighton" (in Massachusetts), to the tune of which they are set. The song has become a local anthem, and is frequently sung by supporters of Newcastle United Football Club, Newcastle Falcons rugby club, and Durham County Cricket Club.
British military vehicle markings of World War II
The use of markings on British military vehicles expanded and became more sophisticated following the mass production and mechanization of armies in World War II.

Unit marks were sometimes amended at the front to make them less visible when in view of the enemy. Certain other marks were however made more visible in front line areas, such as aerial recognition signs to avoid friendly fire.

There are practical purposes behind most signs such as: allied identification, bridge weight, gas detection, tactical signs, vehicle War Department number and convoy marks. Attempts were made to standardise the size, colour and location of marks, with varying degrees of success.

Bomb disposal
Bomb disposal is an explosives engineering profession using the process by which hazardous explosive devices are disabled or otherwise rendered safe. Bomb disposal is an all-encompassing term to describe the separate, but interrelated functions in the military fields of explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) and improvised explosive device disposal (IEDD), and the public safety roles of public safety bomb disposal (PSBD) and the bomb squad.
HMS Dolphin (1751)
HMS Dolphin was a 24-gun sixth-rate frigate of the Royal Navy. Launched in 1751, she was used as a survey ship from 1764 and made two circumnavigations of the world under the successive commands of John Byron and Samuel Wallis. She was the first ship to circumnavigate the world twice. She remained in service until she was paid off in September 1776. She was broken up in early 1777.

Survey vessel
A survey vessel is any type of ship or boat that is used for underwater surveys, usually to collect data for mapping or planning underwater construction or mineral extraction. It is a type of research vessel, and may be designed for the purpose, modified for the purpose or temporarily put into the service as a vessel of opportunity, and may be crewed, remotely operated, or autonomous. The size and equipment vary to suit the task and availability.
Hans-Georg Herzog
Hans-Georg Herzog (10 September 1912  – 20 July 1959) was an officer in the Wehrmacht of Nazi Germany during World War II who commanded the 5th Panzer Division. He was a recipient of the  Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves.

Herzog surrendered to the Red Army troops in the course of the Soviet 1945 East Prussian Offensive. Convicted in the Soviet Union as a war criminal, he was held until 1955.

East Prussian offensive
The East Prussian offensive was a strategic offensive by the Soviet Red Army against the German Wehrmacht on the Eastern Front of World War II. It lasted from 13 January to 25 April 1945, though some German units did not surrender until the country did on 9 May. The Battle of Königsberg was a major part of the offensive, which ended in victory for the Red Army.

The East Prussian offensive is known to German historians as the second East Prussian offensive. The first East Prussian offensive (also known as the Gumbinnen Operation), took place from 16 to 27 October 1944, and was carried out by the 3rd Belorussian Front under General  I.D. Chernyakhovsky as part of the Memel offensive of the 1st Baltic Front. The Soviet forces took heavy casualties while penetrating 30–60 km (19–37 mi) into the east-northern part of Poland, and the offensive was postponed until greater reserves could be gathered.
Renziehausen Park Rose Garden and Arboretum
Renziehausen Park Rose Garden and Arboretum is a 205 acres (83 ha) city park with rose garden and arboretum located on Eden Park Boulevard off Walnut Street, in the Pittsburgh suburb of McKeesport, Pennsylvania. It is open to the public daily without charge.

The rose garden contains some 1,200 rose bushes in 28 beds, plus an additional 3 raised beds containing 300 miniature rose bushes. The park also includes a bandshell, baseball fields, exercise trails, a fishing pond, picnic pavilions, tennis courts, and restrooms.

Renziehausen Park is named for siblings Henry and Emilie Renziehausen.  When they died, they left their money to the city of Pittsburgh after a family dispute over religion. The park features a lake named after Emilie Renziehausen.

Rose garden
A rose garden or rosarium is a garden or park, often open to the public, used to present and grow various types of garden roses, and sometimes rose species. Designs vary tremendously and roses may be displayed alongside other plants or grouped by individual variety, colour or class in rose beds.  Technically it is a specialized type of shrub garden, but normally treated as a type of flower garden, if only because its origins in Europe go back to at least the Middle Ages in Europe, when roses were effectively the largest and most popular flowers, already existing in numerous garden cultivars.
Centrists for Europe
Centrists for Europe (Italian: Centristi per l'Europa; CpE) is a Christian-democratic political party in Italy. The party was launched, as Centrists for Italy (Italian: Centristi per l'Italia; CpI), by splinters from the Union of the Centre in December 2016 and officially founded, with its final name, in February 2017. Pier Ferdinando Casini is the incumbent leader of the party.

Democratic Party – Democratic and Progressive Italy
Democratic Party – Democratic and Progressive Italy (Italian: Partito Democratico – Italia Democratica e Progressista; PD–IDP) is the parliamentary group of the Democratic Party (PD) and minor allied parties in the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate of the Republic, formed in October 2022. Prior to the formation of the group, its name was that of the lead electoral list of the centre-left coalition in the 2022 Italian general election.
Takefumi Anryo
Takefumi Anryo (安陵 武文, Anryō Takefumi) is a paralympic athlete from Japan competing mainly in category F51 club throwing events.

Anryo competed in both the 2000 and 2004 Summer Paralympics. In the 2000 event he competed in the discus and won a silver medal in the club throwing event. In the 2004 games he concentrated on the club throwing and finished sixth.

Club throw
The club throw is an athletic throwing event where the objective is to throw a wooden club. The event is one of the four throwing events, along with discus, javelin and shot put of the Summer Paralympics. It is the Paralympic equivalent of the hammer throw. The club throw was introduced for both men and women at the first 1960 Summer Paralympic Games. It was dropped from the women's programme from the 1992 Paralympics in Barcelona but was reinstated for London 2012.
Kolb's experiential learning
David A. Kolb published his experiential learning theory (ELT) in 1984, inspired by the work of the gestalt psychologist Kurt Lewin, as well as John Dewey and Jean Piaget. The approach works on two levels: a four-stage learning cycle and four distinct learning styles. Kolb's experiential learning theory has a holistic perspective which includes experience, perception, cognition and behaviour. It is a method where a person's skills and job requirements can be assessed in the same language that its commensurability can be measured.

David A. Kolb
David Allen Kolb (born December 12, 1939, in Moline, Illinois) is an American educational theorist whose interests and publications focus on experiential learning, the individual and social change, career development, and executive and professional education.  He is the founder and chairman of Experience Based Learning Systems, LLC (EBLS), and an Emeritus Professor of Organizational Behavior in the Weatherhead School of Management, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio. Kolb has collaborated with his daughter Alice on research related to experiential learning and has co-authored several works with her.

Kolb earned his BA from Knox College in 1961 and his MA and Ph.D. from Harvard University in 1964 and 1967 respectively, in social psychology.
Ir sult sprechen willekomen
Ir sult sprechen willekomen is a poem by Walther von der Vogelweide from the year 1203. Thematically, it does neither fully belong to the Minnesang nor to the Sangspruchdichtung, but it commingles both forms.

In the 19th century, the poem was rediscovered by German nationalists and even served as an inspiration for Heinrich Hoffmann von Fallersleben and his "Deutschlandlied".

Since 1973, Alois Kircher's theory that Walther in this poem was repudiating an attack by Peire Vidal, who had denigrated the Germans in his 37th Chanson and had praised Provence as the land "from the Rhône to Vence, and from the sea up to the Durance," has gained general acceptance.

Spruchdichtung
Spruchdichtung or Sangspruchdichtung is the German term for a genre of Middle High German sung verse. An individual work in this genre is called a Spruch (plural Sprüche), literally a "saying", and may consist of one or more strophes.

While closely associated with the lyric genre Minnesang, its theme is not love, but rather

the Spruch treated predominantly of rational, didactic and pragmatic issues, including, for example, socio-political commentary, topics related to moral or religious teaching and philosophy, practical wisdom, biographical material, praise of patrons, begging and much else besides.

Where the texts offer general moral comment, they may also be considered gnomic poetry, while works directed at particular personages or issues are rather political poetry.

The most important medieval collection of Sprüche is the Jenaer Liederhandschrift (MS J), which also has a large number of Spruch melodies.
Reynold Jacob
Reynold Jacob (died 1424), of Dorchester, Dorset, was an English politician and cloth trader.

He married a woman named Joan, and had one illegitimate son.

He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Dorchester in 1417 and 1422.

Dorchester (UK Parliament constituency)
Dorchester was a parliamentary constituency centred on the town of Dorchester in Dorset.  It returned two Members of Parliament to the House of Commons of England, Great Britain and House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1295 to 1868, when its representation was reduced to one member.

The constituency was abolished by the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885, after which Dorchester was placed in the new Dorset South constituency.  In 1918 it was transferred to Dorset West, where it has remained since.
Glacier rat
The glacier rat (Rattus richardsoni) is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is endemic to the New Guinea Highlands near Puncak Trikora (=Mt. Wilhelmina) and Puncak Jaya (=Carstensz Pyramid), West Papua, Indonesia. Its altitudinal range is 3,225–4,500 m (10,581–14,764 ft) above sea level.

Puncak Trikora
Puncak Trikora (literally "Peak People's Triple Command") is a 4,730 or 4,750-metre-high (15,584 ft) mountain in the Highland Papua province of Indonesia on New Guinea. It lies in the eastern part of the Sudirman (Nassau) Range of the Maoke Mountains.

Behind Puncak Jaya (Carstensz Pyramid) at 4,884 m (16,024 ft), it is either the second or third highest mountain on the island of New Guinea and the Australasian continent.  As such it appears on some Seven Second Summits lists, although SRTM-data support that Puncak Mandala (Juliana Peak) in the Jayawijaya (Orange) Range is higher with 4,760 m (15,617 ft).
1990 Soul Train Music Awards
The 1990 Soul Train Music Awards was held at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles, California and aired live in select cities on March 14, 1990 (and was later syndicated in other areas), honoring the best in R&B, soul, rap, jazz, and gospel music from the previous year. The show was hosted by Patti LaBelle, Luther Vandross and Dionne Warwick.

Soul II Soul
Soul II Soul are a British musical collective formed in London in 1988. They are best known for their two major hits: 1989's UK number five and US number eleven "Keep On Movin'", and its follow-up, the UK number one and US number four "Back to Life". They have won two Grammy Awards, and have been nominated for five Brit Awards, twice for Best British Group.
Foundation of Martyrs and Veterans Affairs
The Foundation of Martyrs and Veterans Affairs (Persian: بنیاد شهید و امور ایثارگران Bonyad Shahid va Omur-e Ithargaran) is an Iranian foundation that receives its funding directly from the national budget. Ahmad Mousavi is the current director of the organization. The Foundation gives home loans to disabled veterans and to the families of soldiers killed in action, who in Iran are considered martyrs (shaheedan). It has reportedly loaned 120 million rials to urban families and 150 million rials to rural families. The Foundation is also involved in numerous economic endeavors, much like the Mostazafen Foundation of Islamic Revolution.

Iranian rial
The rial (Persian: ریال ایران, romanized: riyâl-è Irân; symbol: ﷼; abbreviation: Rl (singular) and Rls (plural) or IR in Latin; ISO code: IRR) is the official currency of Iran. It is subdivided into 100 dinars, but due to the rial's low purchasing power, the dinar is not practically used.

Although there is no official symbol for the currency, the Iranian standard ISIRI 820 defined a symbol for use on typewriters (mentioning that it is an invention of the standards committee itself), and the two Iranian standards ISIRI 2900 and ISIRI 3342 define a character code to be used for it. The Unicode Standard also has a compatibility character defined U+FDFC ﷼ RIAL SIGN.
Douglas Diamond
Douglas Warren Diamond (born October 25, 1953) is an American economist. He is the Merton H. Miller Distinguished Service Professor of Finance at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business, where he has taught since 1979. Diamond specializes in the study of financial intermediaries, financial crises, and liquidity. He is a former president of the American Finance Association (2003) and the Western Finance Association (2001–02).

In October 2022, Diamond was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences jointly with Ben Bernanke and Philip H. Dybvig. The prize was awarded in recognition of the economists' "research on banks and financial crises"

Diamond is best known for his work on financial crises and bank runs, particularly the influential Diamond–Dybvig model published in 1983 and the Diamond model of delegated monitoring published in 1984. In 2016, he was awarded the CME Group-MSRI Prize in Innovative Quantitative Applications.

Economic model
An economic model is a theoretical construct representing economic processes by a set of variables and a set of logical and/or quantitative relationships between them. The economic model is a simplified, often mathematical, framework designed to illustrate complex processes. Frequently, economic models posit structural parameters. A model may have various exogenous variables, and those variables may change to create various responses by economic variables. Methodological uses of models include investigation, theorizing, and fitting theories to the world.
Princess Point complex
The Princess Point complex (also called the Princess Point culture) is an archaeological culture of the Middle to Late Woodland period of northeastern North America.

The complex marked a transition between the latter part of the Middle Woodland period and the early Late Woodland period. One date estimate places the time period of the Princess Point complex as lasting from around 500 CE to around 1000 CE. It later developed into the Glen Meyer culture.

Named for its type site at Princess Point near modern-day Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, the complex was present in the area between the Grand River and the Niagara Peninsula.

It is characterized by a horticultural economy, including the cultivation of maize, as well as aspects of sedentism. It was originally conceptualized by the archaeologist David Marvyn Stothers.

Type site
In archaeology, a type site (American English) or type-site (British English) is the site used to define a particular archaeological culture or other typological unit, which is often named after it. For example, discoveries at La Tène and Hallstatt led scholars to divide the European Iron Age into the La Tène culture and Hallstatt culture, named after their respective type sites.

The concept is similar to type localities in geology and type specimens in biology.
The Parting of Abelard and Heloise
The Parting of Abelard and Heloise or Abelard and Heloise Say Farewell is an oil on canvas painting by Angelica Kauffman. It is signed on a block of stone at bottom centre Angelica K. pinx. It shows Peter Abelard and Héloïse parting as she enters the convent of Sainte-Marie at Argenteuil. In 1780 it was engraved by the Russian artist Gavriil Skorodumov. It was already in a 1797 inventory of the Hermitage Museum, where it still hangs, but it is unclear when it entered the collection.

Angelica Kauffman
Maria Anna Angelika Kauffmann RA (/ˈkaʊfmən/ KOWF-mən; 30 October 1741 – 5 November 1807), usually known in English as Angelica Kauffman, was a Swiss painter who had a successful career in London and Rome. Remembered primarily as a history painter, Kauffman was a skilled portraitist, landscape and decoration painter. She was, along with Mary Moser, one of two female painters among the founding members of the Royal Academy of Art in London in 1768.
Krasnapollye
Krasnapollye (Belarusian: Краснаполле, romanized: Krasnapollie; Russian: Краснополье, romanized: Krasnopolye) is an urban-type settlement in Mogilev Region, Belarus. It serves as the administrative center of Krasnapollye District. As of 2024, it has a population of 5,618.

Mogilev region
Mogilev region, also known as Mogilev oblast or Mahilyow voblasts, is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is the city of Mogilev.

Important cities within the region include Mogilev, Asipovichy and Babruysk.