hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2005 Mauritanian coup d'état
A military coup took place in Mauritania on 3 August 2005. President Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya was ousted by the Armed Forces of Mauritania and replaced by the Military Council for Justice and Democracy (CMJD), headed by Ely Ould Mohamed Vall, while Taya was in Saudi Arabia attending the funeral of King Fahd of Saudi Arabia.

A constitutional referendum, parliamentary and presidential elections were scheduled and the coup leaders vowed not to contest any of the elections. The military government ended with the presidential election on 11 March 2007 as promised.

2007 Mauritanian presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Mauritania on 11 March 2007. As no candidate received a majority of the votes, a second round was held on 25 March between the top two candidates, Sidi Ould Cheikh Abdallahi and Ahmed Ould Daddah. Abdallahi won the second round with about 53% of the vote and took office in April.

The 2007 election followed a military coup in August 2005 that ousted long-time President Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya. The head of the junta, Ely Ould Mohamed Vall, said that he and the other members of the junta would not run for president in the election, which marks the last stage of the transition to civilian rule.
Breuches
Breuches (French pronunciation: [bʁœʃ]) is a commune in the Haute-Saône department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

Home to the sponsors of the UCI Pro cycle team Wagner Bazin.

Haute-Saône
Haute-Saône (French: [ot soːn] ⓘ; Frainc-Comtou: Hâte-Saône; English: Upper Saône) is a department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region of northeastern France. Named after the river Saône, it had a population of 235,313 in 2019. Its prefecture is Vesoul; its sole subprefecture is Lure.
George B. Dryden House
The George B. Dryden House is a historic house located at 1314 Ridge Avenue in Evanston, Illinois. The house was built in 1916 for George B. and Ellen A. Dryden. George was a successful Chicago businessman, while Ellen was the heiress of George Eastman; together, the couple was worth over $9 million. Architect George W. Maher designed the Georgian Revival house. While Maher was better known as a Prairie School architect, the Drydens requested a Georgian design inspired by Ellen's memories of Eastman's home. The three-story house features an entrance portico supported by four Corinthian columns and topped by a pediment. The house is faced with brick and features quoins at the corners and keystones above the windows. A wooden frieze and cornice run below the base of the roof, which begins below the third floor and features several projecting dormers.

The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 18, 1978.

George W. Maher
George Washington Maher (December 25, 1864 – September 12, 1926) was an American architect during the 1890s and the first quarter of the 20th century. He is considered part of the Prairie School-style and was known for blending traditional architecture with the Arts & Crafts-style.

According to architectural historian H. Allen Brooks, "His influence on the Midwest was profound and prolonged and, in its time, was certainly as great as was [Frank Lloyd] Wright's.  Compared with the conventional architecture of the day, his work showed considerable freedom and originality, and his interiors were notable for their open and flowing...space".

Maher was elected a Fellow of the American Institute of Architects in 1916.
2022 VFL season
The 2022 VFL season was the 140th season of the Victorian Football League (VFL), a second-tier Australian rules football competition played in the states of Victoria, New South Wales, and Queensland. The season commenced on 25 March and concluded with the Grand Final on 18 September.

The premiership was won by Casey, after it defeated Southport in the Grand Final on 18 September 2022 by 32 points. It was Casey's sixth Division 1 premiership.

2022 AFL draft
The 2022 AFL draft consisted of the various periods where the 18 clubs in the Australian Football League (AFL) could trade and recruit players during and following the completion of the 2022 AFL season.
Velsen-Noord
Velsen-Noord (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌvɛlzə ˈnoːrt]) is a village in the Dutch province of North Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Velsen, and lies about 10 km north of Haarlem.

From 1865 on, when the construction on the North Sea Canal began, the town of Velsen, which originated in Roman times, was split in two parts. The northern part was known as Wijkeroog. Circa 1920, when municipality Beverwijk was planning to annex its surrounding villages, Velsen renamed Wijkeroog to Velsen-Noord (and Velsen itself to Velsen-Zuid) to indicate clearly that it was part of the municipality.

In 1918, the steel producer Koninklijke Hoogovens was established in Velsen-Noord along the North Sea Canal. Its blast furnaces have defined the landscape of this town since then. The Hoogovensmuseum was opened in 2009 by the Stichting Industrieel Erfgoed Hoogovens (SIEHO) in order to preserve the industrial heritage of this historic steel producing site.

North Sea Canal
The North Sea Canal (Dutch: Noordzeekanaal) is a Dutch ship canal from Amsterdam to the North Sea at IJmuiden, constructed between 1865 and 1876 to enable seafaring vessels to reach the port of Amsterdam. This man-made channel terminates at Amsterdam in the closed-off IJ Bay, which in turn connects to the Amsterdam-Rhine Canal.

The drainage of the canal to the North Sea is done through the IJmuiden sea lock, augmented by the largest pumping station in Europe. This system is vital to the groundwater management of the Western Netherlands.
Fishes of the Orinoco in the Wild
Fishes of the Orinoco in the Wild is a book written by photographer, artist and aquatic explorer Ivan Mikolji from Caracas, Venezuela. about aquatic fishes found in the Venezuelan and Colombian Amazon rainforest. In the book, Mikolji documents the underwater fishes in the Orinoco River catchment.  The book was designed by Joshua Pickett, author of The Bichir Handbook.

The book features over 150 species of freshwater fish. The work encompasses the fishes of the Orinoquia in Venezuela, Colombia, the Amazonas inselbergs, and other areas in the tropical rainforests of the Guiana Shield.

The author describes the behavior of fish species in their natural habitats and information of their localities, water temperature, pH, and other fish and plant species that share their biotopes. The book also includes the etymology of their scientific names, and tips for underwater photography.

The book won the Honorable Mention Prize in the 2022 Next Generation Indie Book Awards.

Freshwater fish
Freshwater fish are fish species that spend some or all of their lives in bodies of fresh water such as rivers, lakes, ponds and inland wetlands, where the salinity is less than 1.05%. These environments differ from marine habitats in many ways, especially the difference in levels of osmolarity. To survive in fresh water, fish need a range of physiological adaptations.

41.24% of all known species of fish are found in fresh water. This is primarily due to the rapid speciation that the scattered habitats make possible. When dealing with ponds and lakes, one might use the same basic models of speciation as when studying island biogeography.
Mechanosensation
Mechanosensation is the transduction of mechanical stimuli into neural signals. Mechanosensation provides the basis for the senses of light, touch, hearing, proprioception, and pain. Mechanoreceptors found in the skin, called cutaneous mechanoreceptors, are responsible for the sense of touch. Tiny cells in the inner ear, called hair cells, are responsible for hearing and balance. States of neuropathic pain, such as hyperalgesia and allodynia, are also directly related to mechanosensation. A wide array of elements are involved in the process of mechanosensation, many of which are still not fully understood.

Ion channel
Ion channels are pore-forming membrane proteins that allow ions to pass through the channel pore. Their functions include establishing a resting membrane potential, shaping action potentials and other electrical signals by gating the flow of ions across the cell membrane, controlling the flow of ions across secretory and epithelial cells, and regulating cell volume. Ion channels are present in the membranes of all cells. Ion channels are one of the two classes of ionophoric proteins, the other being ion transporters.

The study of ion channels often involves biophysics, electrophysiology, and pharmacology, while using techniques including voltage clamp, patch clamp, immunohistochemistry, X-ray crystallography, fluoroscopy, and RT-PCR. Their classification as molecules is referred to as channelomics.
It's Alright (Chris Stamey album)
It's Alright is an album by the American musician Chris Stamey, released in 1987. Stamey supported it with a North American tour that included Alex Chilton on keyboards. It's Alright was expected to be somewhat of a mainstream success; it did not perform as well as envisioned, and Stamey was dropped from A&M Records two years after its release.

Alex Chilton
William Alexander Chilton (December 28, 1950 – March 17, 2010) was an American musician, best known as the lead singer of the rock bands the Box Tops and Big Star. Chilton's early commercial success in the 1960s as a teen vocalist for the Box Tops was not matched by similar chart success in his later work with Big Star and in his subsequent solo career on independent record labels. However, he built a devoted following among indie and alternative musicians, and has been frequently cited as a seminal influence by influential rock artists and bands.
Whitford G. Smith House
Whitford G. Smith House is a historic home located at Asheville, Buncombe County, North Carolina. It was built in 1894, and is a 2+1⁄2-story, irregular plan, Queen Anne style frame dwelling. It features a wraparound porch and a myriad of projecting pyramidal or gable-roof bays. The house was divided into apartments in the 1980s.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.

Buncombe County, North Carolina
Buncombe County (/ˈbʌŋkəm/ BUNK-um) is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It is classified within Western North Carolina. The 2020 census reported the population was 269,452, making it the 7th-most populous county in North Carolina. Its county seat is Asheville. Buncombe County is part of the Asheville, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Frieth
Frieth is a village in the parish of Hambleden, in Buckinghamshire, England. It lies on the top of "Frieth Hill", which is part of the chalk escarpments of the Chiltern Hills.

Frieth lies at a height of around 550 feet (170 m), on the edge of a broad and deep winterbourne chalk valley in which are located the older settlements of the parish and adjacent parishes – Hambleden, Skirmett, Turville, and Fingest. Because of the shortage of surface water and the relatively poor soils – heavy clay and flint overlaying the permeable chalk – Frieth did not develop into a village until well into Victorian times. However, there are a number of ancient properties and Frieth has all the symbols of a traditional English village. As well as the church, it has a village hall, a village green, two rural pubs, a village society, fine open hilly countryside, and a small but thriving primary school. The village shop and dairy has closed.

Escarpment
An escarpment is a steep slope or long cliff that forms as a result of faulting or erosion and separates two relatively level areas having different elevations.

Similarity causes  the term scarp to be incorrectly used interchangeably with escarpment, which refers to the margin between two landforms as opposed to scarp, which refers to a cliff or a steep slope. In this usage, an escarpment is a ridge that has a gentle slope on one side and a steep scarp on the other side.

More loosely, the term scarp also describes a zone between a coastal lowland and a continental plateau that shows a marked, abrupt change in elevation caused by coastal erosion at the base of the plateau.
Sagdalen Station
Sagdalen Station (Norwegian: Sagdalen stasjon) is a railway station on the Trunk Line in Skedsmo, Norway. It is served by the Oslo Commuter Rail line L1 operated by Vy running from Lillestrøm via Oslo S to Spikkestad. The station was opened in 1938.

The station is located beside the former railway factory Strømmens Værksted.

Strømmens Værksted
Strømmens Værksted A/S was an industrial company based in Skedsmo, Norway, specialising in the production of rolling stock. Founded in 1873, it remains as a part of Bombardier Transportation. The plant is located just off Hovedbanen west of  Strømmen Station.
Spencer Heath
Spencer Heath (January 3, 1876, Vienna, Virginia – October 6, 1963, Leesburg, Virginia) was an American engineer, attorney, inventor, manufacturer, horticulturist, poet, philosopher of science and social thinker. A dissenter from the prevailing Georgist views, he pioneered the theory of proprietary governance and community in his book Citadel, Market and Altar. His grandson, Spencer Heath MacCallum, popularized and expounded on his ideas, most notably in his book The Art of  Community.

Social theory
Social theories are analytical frameworks, or paradigms, that are used to study and interpret social phenomena. A tool used by social scientists, social theories relate to historical debates over the validity and reliability of different methodologies (e.g. positivism and antipositivism), the primacy of either structure or agency, as well as the relationship between contingency and necessity. Social theory in an informal nature, or authorship based outside of academic social and political science, may be referred to as "social criticism" or "social commentary", or "cultural criticism" and may be associated both with formal cultural and literary scholarship, as well as other non-academic or journalistic forms of writing.
Bub Walker
Erskine Ramsay "Bub" Walker (October 23, 1907 – December 31, 1963) was an American college football player and coach. He served as the head football coach at Samford University–then known as Howard College–from 1944 to 1945, compiling a record of 0–10. Walker played college football at the University of Alabama from 1931 to 1933 as a halfback.

Walker played high school football in 1924 and 1925 at Ensley High School in Birmingham, Alabama before attending Marion Military Institute in Marion, Alabama. He was the brother of Peahead Walker, who was also a football coach. Walker died at the age of 56, on December 31, 1963, in Miami.

Samford University
Samford University is a private Christian university in Homewood, Alabama, United States. Homewood is an inner-suburb of Birmingham. Samford was founded by Baptists in 1841 as Howard College and located until 1887 in Marion, Alabama. It is governed by an independent board of trustees, which requires board members to be Baptists.

In fall 2025, the university enrolled 6,324 students from 44 states, 1 U.S. territory, and 16 other countries, marking the 17th consecutive record-setting year for enrollment.
Freddy Nagel
Freddy Nagel (February 25, 1908 – June 6, 1999) was an American bandleader. His band frequented dance halls throughout the United States during the big band era and reached a wide audience on national CBS and Mutual Radio big band remotes throughout the 1940s.

CBS Radio
CBS Radio was a radio broadcasting company and radio network operator owned by CBS Corporation and founded in 1928, with consolidated radio station groups owned by CBS and Westinghouse Broadcasting/Group W since the 1920s, and Infinity Broadcasting since the 1970s. The broadcasting company was sold to Entercom (now known as Audacy, Inc.) on November 17, 2017.

Although CBS's involvement in radio dates back to the establishment of the original CBS Radio Network in 1927, the most recent radio division was formed by the 1997 acquisition of Infinity Broadcasting by CBS owner Westinghouse. In 1999, Infinity became a division of the original Viacom; in 2005, Viacom spun CBS and Infinity Broadcasting back into a separate company, and the division was renamed CBS Radio. It was the last radio group left to be tied to a major broadcast television network, as NBC divested its radio interests in the 1980s, and ABC sold off its division to Citadel Broadcasting (now part of Cumulus Media) in 2007.
ITV Lunchtime News
The ITV Lunchtime News is the afternoon news programme produced by ITN on the British television network ITV. It airs Monday to Friday from 1:30pm, covering British national and international news stories and is presented by Nina Hossain. The bulletin's time-slot is occasionally brought forward to a 1pm start-time in the event of ITV Racing coverage airing on ITV.

Jon Snow (journalist)
Jonathan George Snow (born 28 September 1947) is an English journalist and television presenter. He is best known as the longest-running presenter of Channel 4 News, which he presented from 1989 to 2021. On 29 April 2021, Snow announced his retirement from the role; his final programme aired on 23 December 2021. Although Channel 4's news programming is produced by ITN, Snow was employed directly by the broadcaster.

Snow has held numerous honorary appointments, including Chancellor of Oxford Brookes University from 2001 to 2008.
South Africa women's national under-19 cricket team
The South Africa women's under-19 cricket team represents South Africa in international under-19 women's cricket. The team is administrated by Cricket South Africa.

The team played their first official international matches against India in late 2022 and early 2023, in preparation for the 2023 Under-19 Women's T20 World Cup, the first ever international women's under-19 cricket competition, held in South Africa. They reached the Super Six stage at the inaugural tournament.

Cricket South Africa
Cricket South Africa (CSA) is the governing body for both professional and amateur cricket in South Africa. In 1991, the separate South African Cricket Union and the South African Cricket Board merged to form the United Cricket Board of South Africa, ending racial separation governance in South African cricket. Cricket South Africa was formed in 2002, and initially ran parallel to the UCB, before becoming the sole governing body in 2008. As an affiliate of the South African Sports Confederation and Olympic Committee, and a full member of the International Cricket Council, CSA administers all levels of cricket in South Africa, including the national teams in all three formats for both men and women.
Elliott Cutoff
The Elliott Cutoff was a covered wagon road that branched off the Oregon Trail at the Malheur River at the site that became Vale, Oregon, United States. The first portion of the road was originally known as the Meek Cutoff after Stephen Meek, a former trapper who led over 1,000 emigrants into the Harney Basin in 1845. There were considerable difficulties for the 1845 train, and after reaching a hill known as Wagontire, the people left Meek and split into groups. They turned north at the Deschutes River and finally returned to the traditional Oregon Trail near The Dalles.

In 1853 another group left the Oregon Trail at Vale. This emigration was led by Elijah Elliott who followed, with some exceptions, Meek's 1845 route.  But instead of turning north at the Deschutes River, Elliott turned south and traveled up the Deschutes about 30 miles where a newly built trail had been prepared for the wagon train. This new road crossed the Cascades near Willamette Pass.

Willamette Pass
Willamette Pass (5,128 ft or 1,563 m) is a mountain pass crossing the crest of the Cascade Range in Oregon, United States. It is less commonly known as Willamette Summit. The pass is traversed by Oregon Route 58 and by Union Pacific's (ex-Southern Pacific) Cascade Subdivision, which provides rail access between Portland, Oregon, and California. Amtrak's Coast Starlight uses this route on its way between Seattle, Portland, and Los Angeles. The Willamette Pass Resort ski area is located above the pass.
Pagsanjan Gorge National Park
The Pagsanjan Gorge National Park is a national park and tourist zone located in the province of Laguna in the Philippines, approximately 100 kilometres (62 mi) southeast of Manila. It protects an area of 152.64 hectares (377.2 acres) around a series of gorges on the Bumbungan River which leads to Pagsanjan Falls. It is one of the oldest parks in the country and one of two protected areas in Laguna. It is situated in the municipalities of Pagsanjan, Cavinti and Lumban.

Cavinti
Cavinti, officially the Municipality of Cavinti (Tagalog: Bayan ng Cavinti),  is a municipality located in the Sierra Madre mountain range in the province of Laguna, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 24,740 people.

It is also known as the ecotourism, adventure, and glamping capital of the Philippines. Major produce are its pandan products, including straw hat locally known as sambalilo.
2022–23 Toto Cup Leumit
The 2022–23 Toto Cup Leumit was the 33rd season of the second tier League Cup (as a separate competition) since its introduction. It was divided into two stages. First, the sixteen Liga Leumit teams were divided into four regionalized groups, the groups winners with the best record advancing to the semi-final, while the rest of the clubs were scheduled to play classification play-offs accordance according the group results.

Beitar Tel Aviv Bat Yam are the defending champions.

Beitar Tel Aviv Holon F.C.
Beitar Tel Aviv Holon F.C. (Hebrew: מועדון כדורגל בית"ר תל אביב חולון) is an Israeli football club which represents Tel Aviv and Holon. It plays in the Liga Alef, the third level of Israeli football. Home matches are played at the Bat Yam Municipal Stadium.
American Dad! season 19
The nineteenth season of American Dad! aired on TBS in twenty-two episodes from January 24, 2022, to December 19, 2022, before being released in syndication on Adult Swim. It premiered with the episode "Langley Dollar Listings" and finished with "The Grounch". The series continues to focus on the eccentric upper middle class Smith family in a fictionalized version of Langley, Virginia and their eight housemates: Father, husband, CIA agent, and Republican, Stan; his wife and housewife, Francine; their liberal, hippie, college-aged daughter, Hayley-Fischer; their dorky high-school-aged son, Steve; the family's unusual goldfish, Klaus; flamboyant, master of disguise alien, Roger; Jeff Fischer, Hayley Smith's stoner husband who resides with the Smith family; And Roger's ex-tumor son Rogu.

Season nineteen contains "Gold Top Nuts", one of the series' most acclaimed episodes.

It had been renewed for seasons 20 and 21.

Hayley Smith (American Dad!)
Hayley Dreamsmasher Smith is a fictional character from the animated television series American Dad!. She is voiced by Rachael MacFarlane, the younger sister of one of the series' co-creators, Seth MacFarlane. She is Stan and Francine Smith's 19-year-old daughter and Steve's older sister.

Hayley, along with her father Stan, was one of the first two characters who were conceived and created for the series. Across the series, Hayley's storylines typically involve her liberal opinions clashing with her father's staunch conservative beliefs, and her on-again-off-again relationship with boyfriend Jeff Fischer, whom she marries in the show's sixth season.