hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Steven Otis
Steven Otis (born December 27, 1956) is an American politician from the state of New York. He is a member of the New York State Assembly, representing the 91st district. Otis was elected to the Assembly in November 2012, taking office on January 1, 2013. He is a member of the Democratic Party.

Otis served as chief of staff to State Senator Suzi Oppenheimer, and mayor of Rye, New York, from 1998 through 2009, when he was defeated for reelection by Douglas French. When Assemblyman George S. Latimer chose to run for the State Senate seat vacated by Oppenheimer in the 2012 elections rather than seek reelection, Otis chose to run for Latimer's seat. Otis has served in the New York State Legislature since 2013.

Rye, New York
Rye is a city in Westchester County, New York, United States, within the New York City metropolitan area. As of the 2020 census, Rye had a population of 16,592. It received its charter as a city in 1942, making it the most recent such charter in the state. The city has an area of 5.85 square miles.

Rye is notable for its waterfront, and two National Historic Landmarks (NHLs). The first NHL is the Boston Post Road Historic District, designated in 1993. It is also the only National Historic Landmark District (NHLD) in Westchester County, and includes the Jay Estate, the childhood home and final resting place of John Jay, a Founding Father and the first Chief Justice of the United States, Marshlands Conservancy, Rye Golf Club, Lounsbury and the Jay Cemetery. The second NHL in Rye is Playland, a historic amusement park designated in 1987, which features one of the oldest wooden roller coasters in the Northeast, the Dragon Coaster.
Information deficit model
In studies of science communication, the information deficit model, also known as the deficit model or science literacy/knowledge deficit model, theorizes that scientific literacy can be improved with increased public engagement by the scientific community. As a result, the public may then be able to make more decisions that are science-informed. The model implies that communication should focus on improving the transfer of information from experts to non-experts.

Currently, many studies challenge the information deficit model as it ignores the cognitive, social, and affective factors that influence one's formation of attitude and judgements toward science and technology.

Heuristic
A heuristic or heuristic technique (problem solving, mental shortcut, rule of thumb) is any approach to problem solving that employs a pragmatic method that is not fully optimized, perfected, or rationalized, but is nevertheless "good enough" as an approximation or attribute substitution. Where finding an optimal solution is impossible or impractical, heuristic methods can be used to speed up the process of finding a satisfactory solution. Heuristics can be mental shortcuts that ease the cognitive load of making a decision.

Heuristic reasoning is often based on induction, or on analogy ... Induction is the process of discovering general laws ... Induction tries to find regularity and coherence ... Its most conspicuous instruments are generalization, specialization, analogy. [...] Heuristic discusses human behavior in the face of problems [... that have been] preserved in the wisdom of proverbs.
Taggart affair
The Taggart affair (also known as the Sears-Taggart affair) was a political patronage scandal which occurred in 1985 during the first term of the gubernatorial administration of New Jersey Governor Thomas Kean.

Governor of New Jersey
The governor of New Jersey is the head of government of the U.S. state of New Jersey. The office of governor is an elected position with a four-year term. There is a two consecutive term limit, with no limitation on non-consecutive terms. The official residence of the governor is Drumthwacket, a mansion located in Princeton, New Jersey. The governor's office is located inside the New Jersey State House in Trenton, making New Jersey unique in having the executive's office located in the same building as the legislature. New Jersey is also notable as one of the few states in which the governor's official residence is not located in the state capital.

The first and longest-serving governor of New Jersey was William Livingston, who served from August 31, 1776, to July 25, 1790. A. Harry Moore remains the longest-serving popularly elected governor. The current and 57th governor is Mikie Sherrill, a Democrat who assumed office on January 20, 2026.
The Eternal Mother
The Eternal Mother can refer to:

The Eternal Mother (1912 film), a 1912 film

The Eternal Mother (1917 film), a 1917 film

The Eternal Mother (1920 film), a 1920 film

Eternal Mother (2017 film), a Burmese drama film

The Eternal Mother (1912 film)
The Eternal Mother is a surviving 1912 American short silent drama film directed by D. W. Griffith and starring Blanche Sweet. The film was shot in Fort Lee, New Jersey when Biograph Company and other early film studios in America's first motion picture industry were based there at the beginning of the 20th century.
Hagmann
Hagmann is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Fritz Hagmann (1901–1974), Swiss sport wrestler

Marcel Hagmann (born 1983), German footballer

Robert Hagmann (born 1942), Swiss racing cyclist

Stuart Hagmann (born 1942), American film and television director

Thomas Hagmann (born 1953), Swiss judoka

Fritz Hagmann
Fritz Hagmann (28 March 1901 – 14 December 1974) was a Swiss freestyle wrestler and Olympic champion. He won a gold medal at the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris.

Beside that he was a successful Schwinger and member of the Schwingklub Winterthur. But he could never win the Eidgenössische Schwing- und Älplerfest, closest to the win he was in 1927, where he made a draw in the final round against Ernst Kyburz. But in the same year he won the first edition of the Kilchsberger Schwinget, which is after the Eidgenössisches Schwing- und Älplerfest the most important competition.
Third Party Non-violent Intervention
Third Party Non-violent Intervention (sometimes called TPNI) refers to the practice of intervening from the outside in violent conflicts to reduce violence and allow "space" for conflict resolution. Two common forms of intervention are as an intermediary in a negotiating capacity or, physically, by interposing one's body between two factions.

TPNI work is sometimes categorized into four main areas:

Interpositioning

Observation and Documentation

Protective Accompaniment

Modeling nonviolent behavior in a conflict situation

Examples of groups that espouse this practice are Christian Peacemaker Teams, International Solidarity Movement, Muslim Peacemaker Teams, Meta Peace Team,  Peace Brigades International and Nonviolent Peaceforce.

Community Peacemaker Teams
Community Peacemaker Teams or CPT (previously called Christian Peacemaker Teams) is an international organization set up to support teams of peace workers in conflict areas around the world. The organization uses these teams to achieve its aims of lower levels of violence, nonviolent direct action, human rights documentation and nonviolence training in direct action. CPT sums up their work as being "committed to reducing violence by 'getting in the way'".

The organization currently has a full-time peace force of over 30 activists working in Colombia, Iraq, the West Bank, Chiapas, Mexico and Kenora, Canada. These activists are supported by over 150 reservists who spend two weeks to two months a year on location for the organization and its activities.
Islip, Northamptonshire
Islip (/ˈaɪzlɪp/ EYEZ-lip) is a village and civil parish in North Northamptonshire, England. The village is just west of Thrapston and 7 miles (11 km) east of Kettering. The parish is bounded to the east by the River Nene and to the north by Harpurs Brook, a tributary of the Nene. The 2011 census recorded the parish's population as 829 people.

The village's name means 'Slippery place by the River Ise'. The parish is situated on the River Nene, some way from its confluence with the River Ise; it has been suggested that this part of the Nene may have once been called the Ise. Another source suggests Ise is a "pre-English" river name meaning "water."

River Ise
The River Ise is a river in Northamptonshire, England and a tributary of the River Nene.

The river rises in a field that was part of the site of the Battle of Naseby in north-western Northamptonshire. The parish of Naseby lies across a watershed from which streams also flow to the rivers Avon and Nene. It flows east past Desborough and the Eleanor cross at Geddington, then through the grounds of Rushton Hall, before turning south and passing through the parkland of Boughton House where it was extensively canalised and landscaped in the late 17th century. It then flows between Kettering and Barton Seagrave where its valley was excavated during the creation of Wicksteed Park to provide a large lake for public amenity use. It continues south between Burton Latimer and Isham, the latter of which takes its name from the river. It finishes its journey by flowing past Finedon and joining the Nene just south and east of Wellingborough.
Acidman
Acidman (often stylized as ACIDMAN) is a Japanese rock group. The band was formed in 1997 with four members, Shiibashi Takeshi, Urayama Ichigo, Satou Masatoshi, and Ohki Nobuo. They created two demo tapes together in 1998, but former vocalist Shiibashi Takeshi left in 1999. Ohki Nobuo took his place and became the leader of the group. They continued playing live concerts, and were eventually signed to Toshiba-EMI. The band is often categorized as punk music or alternative rock but their musical style is broader and is said to blend various kinds of individual styles.

Ohki Nobuo paints many of the band's album covers.

Japanese rock
Japanese rock (Japanese: 日本のロック, Hepburn: Nihon no Rokku), sometimes abbreviated to J-rock (ジェイ・ロック, Jei Rokku), is rock music from Japan. Influenced by American and British rock of the 1960s, the first rock bands in Japan performed what is called group sounds, with lyrics almost exclusively in English. Folk rock band Happy End in the early 1970s are credited as the first to sing rock music in the Japanese language. Punk rock bands Boøwy and The Blue Hearts and hard rock/heavy metal groups X Japan and B'z led Japanese rock in the late 1980s and early 1990s by achieving major mainstream success.

Rock bands such as B'z and Mr. Children are among the best selling music acts in Japan. Rock festivals like the Fuji Rock Festival were introduced in the late 90s with attendances reaching a peak of 200,000 people per festival making it the largest outdoor music event in the country.
Fort Fincastle (The Bahamas)
Fort Fincastle is a fort located in the city of Nassau on the island of New Providence in The Bahamas. It was built to provide protection to Nassau.

The fort, which is shaped like a paddle steamer, was built in 1793 by Lord Dunmore to protect Nassau from pirates. He named it Fort Fincastle, after his second title, Viscount Fincastle.

Built on Society and Bennet's Hills, the fort overlooks the city of Nassau, Paradise Island, and the eastern approaches to New Providence. It is often accessed via the Queen’s Staircase by visitors on foot.

It mounted two 24-pounders, two 32-pounders, two 12-pounder cannons and one howitzer and served as a lighthouse until September 1817 when it was replaced by the lighthouse on Paradise Island (and was subsequently used as a signal station).

John Murray, 4th Earl of Dunmore
John Murray, 4th Earl of Dunmore PC (1730 – 25 February 1809) was a British Army officer and colonial administrator who served as the governor of Virginia from 1771 to 1775. Dunmore was named governor of New York in 1770. He succeeded to the same position in the colony of Virginia the following year after the death of Norborne Berkeley, 4th Baron Botetourt. As Virginia's governor, Dunmore directed a series of campaigns against the trans-Appalachian Indians, known as Lord Dunmore's War. He is noted for issuing a 1775 document, Dunmore's Proclamation, offering freedom to slaves who fought for the British Crown against Patriot rebels in Virginia.  Dunmore fled to New York after the burning of Norfolk in 1776 and later returned to Britain. He was Governor of the Bahamas from 1787 to 1796.
Manahirana Leriva
Manahirana Leriva is a Malagasy politician.  A member of the National Assembly of Madagascar, he was elected as a member of the Tiako I Madagasikara party in the 2002 Malagasy parliamentary elections. He was reelected in 2007. He represents the constituency of Brickaville.

Tiako i Madagasikara
Tiako I Madagasikara (TIM, lit. 'I Love Madagascar'; French: J'aime Madagascar) is a political party in Madagascar founded on July 3, 2002, to support President Marc Ravalomanana. After the parliamentary election held on September 23, 2007, it was the largest party in the National Assembly of Madagascar, with 106 of 127 seats. The party is located in MAGRO Ankorondrano, Antananarivo. Ravalomanana was re-elected with 55.79% in the December 2006 presidential election.

Solofonantenaina Razoarimihaja was the President of TIM from 2002 to 2007. On October 12, 2007, he was succeeded by Yvan Randriasandratriniony, who became the Interim National President. Randriasandratriniony was officially elected as President of TIM on May 21, 2008, at the party's second national congress. Rina Randriamasinoro was the party's Secretary-General in 2023.

Ravalomanana led his personal movement in the 2013, 2018, and 2023 presidential elections.
Virgil Munteanu
Virgil Munteanu (born July 10, 1988 in Drobeta-Turnu Severin) is an amateur Romanian Greco-Roman wrestler, who played for the men's featherweight category. He won the bronze medal for his division at the 2008 European Wrestling Championships in Tampere, Finland. He is also a member of CS Alro Slatina, and is coached and trained by Dinu Obrucea.

Munteanu represented Romania at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, where he competed for the men's 55 kg class. He received a bye for the second preliminary round, before losing out to U.S. wrestler and former world university champion Spenser Mango, with a technical score of 3–6.

Wrestling at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Men's Greco-Roman 55 kg
Men's Greco-Roman 55 kilograms competition at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China, was held on August 12 at the China Agricultural University Gymnasium.

This Greco-Roman wrestling competition consists of a single-elimination tournament, with a repechage used to determine the winner of two bronze medals. The two finalists face off for gold and silver medals. Each wrestler who loses to one of the two finalists moves into the repechage, culminating in a pair of bronze medal matches featuring the semifinal losers each facing the remaining repechage opponent from their half of the bracket.

Each bout consists of up to three rounds, lasting two minutes apiece. The wrestler who scores more points in each round is the winner of that rounds; the bout ends when one wrestler has won two rounds (and thus the match).
Luke Ebbin
Luke Ebbin is a former American multi-platinum, five time Grammy-nominated record producer, composer and songwriter. Ebbin is credited for executing the comeback and extreme makeover of Bon Jovi with his production of the hit "It's My Life" and the 11 million selling album Crush. He is currently a real estate agent in Montecito and Santa Barbara, California.

Montecito, California
Montecito (archaic use of Spanish for woodland or countryside) is an unincorporated town in Santa Barbara County, California, United States. Located on the Central Coast of California, Montecito sits between the Santa Ynez Mountains and the Pacific Ocean. Montecito is best known for its concentration of prominent and wealthy residents. In 2024, the median home price was $7.5 million. For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau has defined Montecito as a census-designated place (CDP). The population as of 2022 is approximately 8,638 residents.
1979 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship
The 1979 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship was the 85th staging of the Limerick Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Limerick County Board.

South Liberties were the defending champions.

On 23 September 1979, Patrickswell won the championship after a 2–16 to 1–06 defeat of Tournafulla in the final. It was their sixth championship title overall and their first title in two championship seasons.

Limerick GAA
The Limerick County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) (Irish: Cumann Lúthchleas Gael, Coiste Chontae Luimneach) or Limerick GAA is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland, and is responsible for Gaelic games in County Limerick. The county board is also responsible for the Limerick county teams.

The county hurling team has the fourth highest total of All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship (SHC) titles, behind Kilkenny, Cork and Tipperary. The county football team was the first from the province of Munster both to win an All-Ireland Senior Football Championship (SFC), as well as to appear in the final.

As of 2009, there were 108 clubs affiliated to Limerick GAA — the third highest, alongside Antrim.
Barnicle
Barnicle is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

George Barnicle (1917–1990), American baseball player

Mary Elizabeth Barnicle (1891–1978), American folklorist, Medieval English literature professor, and activist

Mike Barnicle (born 1943), American print and broadcast journalist, and social and political commentator

Mary Elizabeth Barnicle
Mary Elizabeth Cadle (née Barnicle;
April 17, 1891 - November 26, 1978) was an American folklorist, Medieval English literature professor, and activist interested in women's and African-American rights, suffrage, and the labor movement.  She collected and made numerous field recordings of folk songs and stories throughout the South and Caribbean from the mid 1930s until the early 1950s. She collected with Alan Lomax and later her husband, Tillman Cadle.
Cummings, Mendocino County, California
Cummings is an unincorporated community in Mendocino County, California. It is located near U.S. Route 101 on Rattlesnake Creek, 5 miles (8 km) east-southeast of Leggett, at an elevation of 1,329 feet (405 m).

The Cummings post office opened in 1888, closed in 1899, and re-opened the following year.  The post office ultimately closed in 1960.  The community's name honors Jonathan Cummings, an early settler.

Leggett, California
Leggett (formerly Leggett Valley) is a census-designated place in Mendocino County, California, United States. It is located on the South Fork of the Eel River, 21 miles (34 km) by road northwest of Laytonville, at an elevation of 984 ft (300 m). It is home to some of the largest trees in the world. The nearby Smithe Redwoods State Natural Reserve and Standish-Hickey State Recreation Area are noted for their forests of coastal redwoods. The population of Leggett was 77 at the 2020 census, down from 122 at the 2010 census.

The community is served by California's State Route 1, whose northern terminus with U.S. Route 101 is just outside the center of town.

The town of Leggett includes a single gas station, United States Post Office, 1-12 school, a small grocery store, restaurant, full-service mechanic (ask a local), fire station and the Drive-Thru Tree.

The Leggett post office was dedicated in 1969.
Roma Abbey
Roma Abbey (Swedish: Roma kloster) is a ruined Cistercian abbey and a crown estate in Roma on the Swedish island of Gotland. The abbey was built in the 12th century. After the Reformation, its lands were confiscated by the Crown and subsequently turned into a crown estate. Apart from the ruined church, the estate includes a manor house built in 1733 for the crown estate, known in Swedish as Roma kungsgård. The manorial cultural landscape with avenues and large fields surrounding the ruined church and the manor is unique on Gotland.

Avenue (landscape)
In landscaping, an avenue (from French), alameda (from Portuguese and Spanish), or allée (from French) is a straight path or road that runs between dual rows of trees or large shrubs. As its Latin origin venire ('to come') indicates, an avenue is used to emphasize the "coming to" or arrival at a landscape or architectural feature. In most cases, the trees planted in an avenue will be all of the same species or cultivar, so as to give uniform appearance along the full length of the avenue.

The French term allée is used for avenues planted in parks and landscape gardens, as well as boulevards such as the Grande Allée in Quebec City, Canada, and Karl-Marx-Allee in Berlin.
Lokman Slim
Lokman Mohsen Slim (Arabic: لقمان محسن سليم; 17 July 1962 – 4 February 2021) was a Lebanese Shiite publisher, political activist, and commentator. As a contributor to the development of civil-society initiatives, several of which he founded, he promoted a Culture of Remembrance to cope with the many past and present conflicts of Lebanon and the whole region. Slim was known to be a prominent critic of Hezbollah (as well as all other sectarian parties).

He was found shot to death in his car in Hezbollah-dominated southern Lebanon in 2021. Many people, including Slim's sister have alleged Hezbollah to have committed the assassination, a charge that Hezbollah has denied.

Beqaa Valley
The Beqaa Valley (Arabic: وادي البقاع, romanized: Wādī l-Biqā‘, Lebanese Arabic: [bʔaːʕ]; also romanized as Bekaa, Bekai, Biqâ, and Becaa) is a fertile valley in eastern Lebanon and its most important farming region. Industry, especially the country's agricultural industry, also flourishes in Beqaa. The region broadly corresponds to the Coele-Syria of classical antiquity.

The Beqaa is located about 30 km (19 mi) east of Beirut. The valley is situated between Mount Lebanon to the west and the Anti-Lebanon mountains to the east. It is the northern continuation of the Jordan Rift Valley, and thus part of the Great Rift Valley, which stretches from Syria to the Red Sea. Beqaa Valley is 120 kilometres (75 mi) long and 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) wide on average. It has a Mediterranean climate of wet, often snowy winters and dry, warm summers.
Swimming at the 2011 Pan American Games – Men's 100 metre backstroke
The men's 100 metre backstroke competition of the swimming events at the 2011 Pan American Games took place on October 17 at the Scotiabank Aquatics Center in the municipality of Zapopan, near Guadalajara, Mexico.  The defending Pan American Games champion was Randall Bal of the United States

This race consisted of two lengths of the pool, all in backstroke.

Backstroke
Backstroke or back crawl is one of the four swimming styles used in competitive events regulated by FINA, and the only one of these styles swum on the back. This swimming style has the advantage of easy breathing, but the disadvantage of swimmers not being able to see where they are going. It also has a different start from the other three competition swimming styles. The swimming style is similar to an upside down front crawl or freestyle. Both backstroke and front crawl are long-axis strokes. In individual medley backstroke is the second style swum; in the medley relay it is the first style swum.