hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Carlo Pallavicino
Carlo Pallavicino (Pallavicini; c. 1630 – 29 January 1688) was an Italian composer.

Pallavicino was born at Salò. From 1666 to 1673, he worked at the Dresden court; from 1674 to 1685, at the Ospedale degli Incurabili (a conservatory where orphaned children were musically trained) in Venice and further in Dresden. In August and September 1687, he was with the concert master Georg Gottfried Backstroh back in Venice. He asked for renewal of his leave because his wife expected to give birth, but he was rejected. He died in Dresden, and his grave is located in the Convent of the St. Mariestern.

He wrote more than 20 operas premiered in Venice and Dresden, oratorios and sacred works. His son, Dresden court writer Stefano Benedetto Pallavicino, was a known librettist.

Salò
Salò (Italian: [saˈlɔ]; Latin: Salodium) is a town and comune in the Province of Brescia in the region of Lombardy (northern Italy) on the banks of Lake Garda, on which it has the longest promenade. The city was the seat of government of the Italian Social Republic from 1943 to 1945, a state often referred to as the "Salò Republic" (Repubblica di Salò in Italian).
Pazha Nedumara
Pazha Nedumaran Krishnan Pillai Pazhaniyappan (Tamil: பழ. நெடுமாறன்/கிருஷ்ணன் பிள்ளை பழநியப்பன்) is an Indian politician from the state of Tamil Nadu, India. He is an ex-national Congressman, a writer and Tamil nationalist, who has authored many books in Tamil and English.

He is the editor-in-chief of the by-weekly Tamil magazine Then Seidi (Tamil: தென் செய்தி). He is the leader of the Tamil Nationalist Movement and the இலங்கைத் தமிழர் பாதுகாப்பு இயக்க ஒருங்கிணைப்பாளர்.

Tamil nationalism
Tamil nationalism  is the ideology which asserts that the Tamil people constitute a nation and promotes the cultural unity of Tamil people. Tamil nationalism is primarily a secular nationalism, that focus on language and homeland. It expresses itself in the form of linguistic purism ("Pure Tamil"), linguistic nationalism, social equality ("Self-Respect Movement") and Tamil Renaissance.

Since the independence of India and Sri Lanka, Tamil separatist movements have been actively suppressed in both countries.
Litoribacillus peritrichatus
Litoribacillus peritrichatus is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, short rod-shaped and motile bacterium from the genus of Litoribacillus with peritrichous flagella which has been isolated from coastal sediments from the Yellow Sea near Qingdao in China.

Yellow Sea
The Yellow Sea (simplified Chinese: 黄海; traditional Chinese: 黃海; pinyin: Huáng Hǎi; Zhuyin Fuhao: ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄏㄞˇ; Korean: 황해; Hanja: 黃海; RR: Hwanghae), also known as the North Sea, is a marginal sea of the Western Pacific Ocean located between mainland China and the Korean Peninsula, and can be considered the northwestern part of the East China Sea.
Voll Church
Voll Church (Norwegian: Voll kyrkje) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Rauma Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It is located in the village of Voll in the Måndalen valley. It is the church for the Voll parish which is part of the Indre Romsdal prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Møre. The white, wooden church was built in a long church design in 1896 using plans drawn up by the architect Gabriel Smith from Ålesund. The church seats about 290 people, making it the largest church in Rauma.

Diocese of Møre
The Diocese of Møre (Norwegian: Møre bispedømme) is a diocese in the Church of Norway which geographically consists of Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. Its bishop is seated at the Molde Cathedral which is located in the county administrative center of Molde. As of 2008, the Bishop of Møre is Ingeborg Midttømme.

The diocese was established on 18 September 1983, when the district of Sunnmøre was removed from the Diocese of Bjørgvin to the south, and the Romsdal and Nordmøre districts were removed from the Diocese of Nidaros to the north.  The three districts (which correspond to Møre og Romsdal county) were used to form the new diocese.
Biyang County
Biyang County (simplified Chinese: 泌阳县; traditional Chinese: 泌陽縣; pinyin: Bìyáng Xiàn) is a county of Zhumadian city in southern Henan province, People's Republic of China. It borders Queshan to the east, Tongbai to the north, Tanghe to the west, Luohe to the north, Sheqi and Nanyang to the northwest. Population was 950,000 in 2002. Area is 2,682 km2 (1,036 sq mi).

Nanyang, Henan
Nanyang is a prefecture-level city in the southwest of Henan province, China. The city with the largest administrative area in Henan, Nanyang borders Xinyang to the southeast, Zhumadian to the east, Pingdingshan to the northeast, Luoyang to the north, Sanmenxia to the northwest, the province of Shaanxi to the west, and the province of Hubei to the south.

Nanyang was the home of various important figures in Chinese history. It nurtured the "sage of science" Zhang Heng, "sage of medicine" Zhang Zhongjing, "sage of commerce" Fan Li, and "sage of intelligence" Zhuge Liang. It has also been home to contemporary celebrities such as philosopher Feng Youlan, military strategist Peng Xuefeng, novelist Yao Xueyin, inventor Wang Yongmin, and writer Er Yuehe.
Aṣṭādhyāyī
The Aṣṭādhyāyī (/ˌæstədˈjɑː(j)i/; Sanskrit: अष्टाध्यायी [ɐʂʈaːdʱjáːjiː]) is a grammar text that describes a form of the Sanskrit language.

Authored by the ancient Sanskrit scholar Pāṇini and dated to around 6th c. BCE, 6-5th c. BCE and 4th c. BCE, it describes the language as current in his time, specifically the dialect and register of an elite of model speakers, referred to by Pāṇini himself as śiṣṭa. The work also accounts both for some features specific to the older Vedic form of the language, as well as certain dialectal features current in the author's time.

The Aṣṭādhyāyī employs a derivational system to describe the language.

The Aṣṭādhyāyī is supplemented by three ancillary texts: Akṣarasamāmnāya, Dhātupāṭha and Gaṇapāṭha.

Morphological derivation
Morphological derivation, in linguistics, is the process of forming a new word from an existing word, often by adding a prefix or suffix, such as un- or -ness. For example, unhappy and  happiness derive from the root word happy.

It is differentiated from inflection, which is the modification of a word to form different grammatical categories without changing its core meaning or lexical category: determines, determining, and determined are from the root determine.
Hank Olmsted
Henry Theodore Olmsted (January 12, 1879 – January 6, 1969) was a starting pitcher in Major League Baseball who played briefly for the Boston Americans during the 1905 season. Listed at 5 ft 8 in (1.73 m), 147 lb., Olmsted batted and threw right-handed. A native of Sac Bay, Michigan, he attended University of Notre Dame and Valparaiso University. He later played for the Denver Grizzlies in the Western League.

Olmsted posted a 1–2 record with a 3.24 ERA in three appearances, including three complete games, six strikeouts, 12 walks, 18 hits allowed, and 25.0 innings of work.

Olmsted died in Bradenton, Florida at age 89.

Bradenton, Florida
Bradenton (/ˈbreɪdəntən/ ⓘ BRAY-dən-tən) is a city in and the county seat of Manatee County, Florida, United States. Its population was 55,698 at the 2020 census. It is a principal city in the Sarasota metropolitan area.

Downtown Bradenton is along the Manatee River and includes the Bradenton Riverwalk and Bishop Museum of Science and Nature. To the south of Bradenton is Sarasota; beach communities on Anna Maria Island are to its west, and the Manatee River and Palmetto are to its north.
David Tilden Brown
David Tilden Brown (August 11, 1823 - Greenfield, Massachusetts – September 4, 1889 - Batavia, Illinois) practiced psychiatry from 1844-1849 in various asylums in eastern United States. When gold was found in the Sierra Nevada, Brown decided to cash in and travel to Central America in 1849, planning to establish a cheaper and faster commercial route west from the Atlantic to the Pacific Oceans across the isthmus of Nicaragua. He and his associates formed the Compania de Vapores de Nicaragua, but the company eventually was absorbed by Cornelius Vanderbilt's American Atlantic and Pacific Ship Canal Company.

Brown returned to the practice of medicine from 1852-1877. He was the medical advisor along with the architect Calvert Vaux, for plans to build the Sheppard Asylum, a modern hospital for mental patients, in Baltimore, Maryland, which opened in 1891. Brown suffered poor health and retired to his home in Batavia, Illinois. It was there that he committed suicide in 1889.

Newberry Library
The Newberry Library is an independent research library specializing in the humanities, located in the Near North Side community area of Chicago, Illinois, United States. It has been free and open to the public since 1887.
Dhanraul Dam
Dhanraul Dam is also known as Dhandhraul Dam. It is located about 23 km from Robertsganj on the Robertsganj-Churk road, in Sonbhadra district, Uttar Pradesh, India. The dam was constructed over the river Ghaghar and water from its reservoir is used for irrigation by the canals originating from here like Ghaghar canal to the nearer districts Mirzapur, Chandauli and Sonbhadra. Dhanraul Dam's water supplies Robertsganj with drinking water. This dam is constructed on the Ghaghar River and is also called Ghaghar Dam.

Mirzapur
Mirzapur (pronunciationⓘ) is a city in Uttar Pradesh, India. It is known for its carpets and brassware industries, and the tradition of kajari and birha music. Straddled by the Kaimur extension of Vindhya mountains, it served as the headquarters of the Mirzapur district. In the district, Vindhya mountains meet with Indo-Gangetic Plain.
Solar Wind (comics)
Solar Wind was a British small press comics anthology.  Edited by Cosmic Ray (a pseudonym for small press comics publisher Paul Scott), the comic is devoted to gentle parodies of British boys' comics of the 1970s and 80s.  Eight issues in all were produced between 2003 and 2007, with the final issue published in November 2007 as the Solar Wind Summer Special.

Emerging originally from the fanbase of best selling British comic 2000AD, Solar Wind has featured writers and artists including Gordon Rennie, Rufus Dayglo, Al Ewing and PJ Holden.

P. J. Holden
Paul Jason Holden (born 28 December 1969) is a Northern Irish comic artist based in Belfast.

He has worked for 2000 AD, Warhammer Monthly, and Judge Dredd Megazine. Among other stories for these publications, he has provided the art for Rogue Trooper, Judge Dredd and Johnny Woo.
Milorad Mladenović
Milorad Mladenović (Serbian Cyrillic: Милорад Младеновић; born 21 April 1966 in Belgrade) is a Serbian artist and architect, known mostly for his visual art works. Mladenović grew up in Smederevo and attended the Academy of Fine Arts as well as the University of Belgrade Faculty of Architecture, graduating in 1992 and 1994, respectively. He started his career with an array of works exhibited at the Studentski kulturni centar. He is a winner of multiple visual arts and architecture awards. Mladenović also exhibited his works at the Bikini-Haus of Berlin and Vienna's Secession.

He is currently a member of the Faculty of Architecture, and is also the co-founder and an active member of the "Treći Beograd" (Third Belgrade) art collective.

Secession Building
The Secession Building (German: Secessionsgebäude) is a contemporary art exhibition hall in Vienna, Austria. It was completed in 1898 by Joseph Maria Olbrich as an architectural manifesto for the Vienna Secession, a group of rebel artists that seceded from the long-established fine art institution.
Lincolnshire Fire and Rescue Service
Lincolnshire Fire and Rescue (LFR) is the statutory fire and rescue service serving the non-metropolitan county of Lincolnshire in the East Midlands Region of England.  This does not include North Lincolnshire and North East Lincolnshire, which are covered by Humberside Fire and Rescue Service.

The area covered is large, covering 5,921 km2 (2,286 square miles), and mainly rural, with LFR coming under the authority of Lincolnshire County Council. Lincoln is the only city within the area, as well as large towns such as Grantham, Boston, Skegness, Spalding and Gainsborough. The rest of the area's 751,000 inhabitants are spread over other medium-sized towns and villages.

East Coast Flooding is one of the main risks to the area, seen in the 2013 east coast tidal surge, where the town of Boston and surrounding areas of southern Lincolnshire and Norfolk were affected.

Cyclone Xaver
Cyclone Xaver (or Storm Xaver), also known as the North Sea flood or tidal surge of 2013, was a winter storm that affected northern Europe. Force 12 winds and heavy snowfall were predicted along the storm's path, and there were warnings of a significant risk of storm surge leading to coastal flooding along the coasts of the North and Irish Seas.
Rakhyal Shah
Rakhyal Shah (1842–1940) was a Balochi Sufi poet from Fateh Pur Sharif, most famous for his multivolume book of Sufi poetry Bahar al-`ishq. The poet himself grew to be the head of a cult, and after his death in 1940, a dargah (shrine) was built in Fateh Pur Sharif to honour him. Rakhyal Shah wrote poetry in five languages including Sindhi, Balochi, Saraiki, Urdu and Persian. His shrine was the target of suicide bombings in 2005 and in 2017.

Saraiki language
Saraiki ( سرائیکی, Sarā'īkī, [səɾaːiːkiː]; also spelt Siraiki, or Seraiki) is a Lahnda language variety within the Indo-Aryan language family. It is spoken by 28.84 million people, as per the 2023 Pakistani census, taking prevalence in Southern Punjab with remants in Northern Sindh and Southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

Saraiki has partial mutual intelligibility with Standard Punjabi, and it shares with it a large portion of its vocabulary and morphology. At the same time in its phonology it is radically different (particularly in the lack of tones, the preservation of the voiced aspirates and the development of implosive consonants), and has important grammatical features in common with the Sindhi language spoken to the south.

Due to effects of dominant languages in Pakistani media like Urdu, Standard Punjabi and English and religious impact of Arabic and Persian, Saraiki like other regional varieties of Pakistan are continuously expanding its vocabulary base with loan words.
M. S. Rajan
Mannaraswamighala Sreeranga Rajan (1920 – 17 February 2010) was an Indian academic who is widely acknowledged as the doyen of International Relations and Area Studies in India. Professor Rajan set up the Indian School of International Studies along with Pandit Hriday Nath Kunzru and Professor A. Appadorai in 1955.

H. N. Kunzru
Hridya Nath Kunzru (1 October 1887 – 3 April 1978) was an Indian freedom fighter and a public figure. He was a long-time Parliamentarian, serving in various legislative bodies at the Provincial and Central level for nearly four decades. He was a member of the Constituent Assembly of India (1946–50) that drew up the Constitution of India.  He was also keenly interested in international affairs and co-founded the Indian Council of World Affairs and the Indian School of International Studies.
Meadowlarks (film)
Meadowlarks is a Canadian drama film, directed by Tasha Hubbard and released in 2025. It stars Michael Greyeyes, Carmen Moore, Alex Rice, Michelle Thrush and Lorne Duquette as five Cree siblings who were separated by the Sixties Scoop, who are meeting for the first time as adults.

Alex Rice
Alexandrea Kawisenhawe Rice is a First Nations (Mohawk) actress. Rice is known for her performances in The Twilight Saga (2008–2012) and in a series of PBS films adapted from the mystery novels of Tony Hillerman.
USS Miguel Keith
USS Miguel Keith (ESB-5) (formerly USNS Miguel Keith (T-ESB-5)) is a Lewis B. Puller-class expeditionary mobile base, one of three such ships in service with the United States Navy (USN) as of late 2021.

The ship was named in honor of US Marine Corps Lance Corporal Miguel Keith by Secretary of the Navy Richard V. Spencer at the 242nd Marine Corps Birthday Ball held in National Harbor, Maryland, on 5 November 2017. The ship's namesake received the Medal of Honor posthumously for combat action in Quang Ngai Province during the Vietnam War in 1970.

National Harbor, Maryland
National Harbor is a census-designated place (CDP) in Prince George's County, Maryland, United States, located along the Potomac River near the Woodrow Wilson Bridge and just south of Washington, D.C. It originated as a 300-acre (1.2 km2) multi-use waterfront development. The population was 5,509 at the 2020 census.

The developer, Peterson Companies, says National Harbor draws 12 million visitors annually, as of 2025.
Didenheim
Didenheim (French pronunciation: [didənaim]; Alsatian: Didena) is a former commune in the Haut-Rhin department in north-eastern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune Brunstatt-Didenheim. It forms part of the Mulhouse Alsace Agglomération, the inter-communal local government body for the Mulhouse conurbation.

Mulhouse Alsace Agglomération
The Mulhouse Alsace Agglomération is the Communauté d'agglomération, a type of local government structure, covering the metropolitan area of the city of Mulhouse in the department of Haut-Rhin and the region of Grand Est, northeastern France. Its area is 439.2 km2. Its population was 274,066 in 2018, of which 108,942 in Mulhouse proper. The current president of the agglomeration community is Fabian Jordan, elected January 2017.
Donald Barrett (businessman)
Donald W. Barrett is the founder and president of ITV Direct, a company which produces infomercials for broadcast in the United States. Almost all are related to health and nutrition.

Barrett claims to market products that only, "positively impact people lives" "  He has also promoted Lorraine Day, and other alternative medical practitioners.  He founded ITV Ventures, an affiliate marketing company connected to his infomercial business. ITV closed on October 3, 2008.

On September 24, 2013, Barrett became the co-host of Unspoken Cures Radio, along with Matthew Ryncarz. Unspoken Cures Radio used to be known as Fusion Power Hour, and is broadcast on the Arena Sports Network.

Lorraine Day
Lorraine Jeanette Day (February 24, 1937 – November 10, 2023) was an American author, orthopedic trauma surgeon and Chief of Orthopedic Surgery at San Francisco General Hospital and promoter of alternative cancer treatments.

Day first became controversial when she began advocating that patients be tested for AIDS prior to surgery. In the 2000s, she started to promote an alternative cancer treatment program, which has attracted criticism as being generally misleading and dangerous.
Efobi v Royal Mail
Efobi v Royal Mail [2021] UKSC 33 is a judgment of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom.

The case was heard by Lord Hodge, Lord Briggs, Lady Arden, Lord Hamblen, and Lord Leggatt on 27 April 2021. The judgment was delivered on 23 July 2021.

The Supreme Court held that the burden of proof in employment discrimination cases was unaffected by a change to the wording of the Equality Act 2010.

Mary Arden, Lady Arden of Heswall
Mary Howarth Arden, Baroness Mance, DBE, PC (born 23 January 1947), known professionally as Lady Arden of Heswall, is a former Justice of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom. Before that, she was a judge of the Court of Appeal of England and Wales.
María Quintanal
María Quintanal Zubizarreta (born December 17, 1969, in Biscay) is a sport shooter from Gran Canaria, Spain. The 2003 world champion in Double Trap, she competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics and won a silver medal in Trap. She also competed in the Double Trap event, but placed 13th.  She has also competed for the Dominican Republic in the Central American and Caribbean Games.

Biscay
Biscay (/ˈbɪskeɪ, ˈbɪski/ BISK-ay, BISK-ee; Basque: Bizkaia [bis̻kai.a]; Spanish: Vizcaya [biθˈkaʝa]) is a province of the Basque Autonomous Community, heir of the ancient Lordship of Biscay, lying on the south shore of the eponymous bay. The capital and largest city is Bilbao.

Biscay is one of the most renowned and prosperous provinces of Spain, historically a major trading hub in the Atlantic Ocean since medieval times and, later on, one of the largest industrial and financial centers of the Iberian Peninsula. Since the extensive deindustrialization that took place throughout the 1970s, the economy has come to rely more on the services sector.
Benapur railway station
Benapur railway station is a railway station on Kharagpur–Puri line, part of the Howrah–Chennai main line under Kharagpur railway division of South Eastern Railway zone. It is situated beside National Highway 60, Dharimba at Benapur in Paschim Medinipur district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

Howrah–Chennai main line
The Howrah–Chennai main line is an Indian railway line connecting Howrah and Chennai Central. It is one of the seven major trunk routes of the Indian Railways. It traverses about 1,661 km (1,032 mi) along the eastern coast of India across the states of West Bengal, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu.
FlexBook
FlexBook is a textbook authoring platform developed by the CK-12 Foundation launched in 2008, focused on textbooks for the K-12 market. Derived from the words "flexibility" and "textbook," a FlexBook allows users to produce and customize content by re-purposing educational content using different modules. FlexBooks can be designed to suit a learner's learning style, region, language, or level of skill, while adhering to the local education standards.

K–12
K–12 (from kindergarten to twelfth grade) is an English language expression that indicates the range of years of publicly supported primary and secondary education found in the United States and Canada, which is similar to publicly supported school grades before tertiary education in several other countries, such as  Armenia, Australia, China, Ecuador, Egypt, India, Iran, the Philippines, South Korea, and Turkey. K–12 refers to the American system which affords authority to local intersectional "districts" which may be specific to a municipality, county, or several regions, depending on population and proximity.
Bob Gardiner (animator)
James Robbins "Bob" Gardiner (March 19, 1951 – April 21, 2005) was an American artist, painter, cartoonist, animator, holographer, musician, storyteller, and comedy writer. He invented the stop-motion 3-D clay animation technique which his collaborator Will Vinton would later market as Claymation, although Bob preferred the term Sculptimation for his frame-by-frame method of sculpting plasticine clay characters and sets.

He and Vinton shared the 1974 Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film for Closed Mondays. The film was preserved by the Academy Film Archive in 2012.

Gardiner committed suicide on April 21, 2005, while living at the Everhart Hotel in downtown Grass Valley.

Plasticine
Plasticine is a putty-like modelling material made from calcium salts, petroleum jelly and aliphatic acids. Though originally a brand name for the British product, it was later used generically in English as a product category for other formulations.

Plasticine is used for children's play and as a modelling medium for more formal or permanent structures.  Because of its non-drying property, it is commonly chosen for stop motion animation, including several Academy Award-winning films by Nick Park.