hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Maisaka-juku
Maisaka-juku (舞阪宿, Maisaka-juku) was the thirtieth of the fifty-three stations of the Tōkaidō. It is located in the western portion of Hamamatsu in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. During the Edo period, the area was part of Tōtōmi Province. The kanji for the post station were originally written 舞坂 (Maisaka).

Tōkaidō (road)
The Tōkaidō road (東海道, Tōkaidō; [to̞ːka̠ido̞ː]), which roughly means "eastern sea route," was the most important of the Five Routes of the Edo period in Japan, connecting Kyoto to the de facto capital of Japan at Edo (modern-day Tokyo). Unlike the inland and less heavily travelled Nakasendō, the Tōkaidō travelled along the sea coast of eastern Honshū, hence the route's name.

The Tōkaidō was first used in ancient times as a route from Kyoto to Hitachi Province (central Honshu) before the Edo period.
Garden City station (LIRR)
Garden City is one of five stations on the Long Island Rail Road located within the village of Garden City, New York. It is on the Hempstead Branch and is at Seventh Street between Hilton and Cathedral Avenues, directly across the street from the Garden City Hotel. It is one of the few Long Island Rail Road stations with two station houses.

Garden City Hotel
The Garden City Hotel is a historic, 269-room hotel located within the Incorporated Village of Garden City, on Long Island, in New York, United States. Founded in 1874, it celebrated its 150th anniversary in 2024. The current structure is the fourth to bear the name, and opened in 1983.
Geography of Palau
The Republic of Palau consists of eight principal islands and more than 250 smaller ones lying roughly 500 miles southeast of the Philippines, in Oceania. The islands of Palau constitute the westernmost part of the Caroline Islands chain. The country includes the World War II battleground of Peleliu and the world-famous Rock Islands. The total land area is 459 km2 (177 mi2). It has the 42nd largest Exclusive Economic Zone of 603,978 km2 (233,197 mi2).

Hatohobei
Tobi, or Hatohobei (Tobian), is the southernmost of Palau's sixteen states, consisting of Tobi Island and Helen Reef. The total land area is about 0.88 km². The population was 25 in 2015.  Tobian, English, and Sonsorolese are the official languages of Hatohobei State.

Not only is it Palau’s least populous state, but it is the least populous first-level administrative subdivision in the world as well as being the 13th smallest first level administrative subdivision .
Goriano Sicoli
Goriano Sicoli is a comune and town in the Province of L'Aquila in the Abruzzo region of Italy.

Goriano is a medieval town of about 600 people (2013).  The town, which sits on top of a mountain in southeast Abruzzo (about an hour and a half east of Rome and near the Adriatic coast town of Pescara), was made somewhat famous by M. C. Escher in his print of the town which hangs in the National Gallery of Art in Washington.

Italian historical documents reference Goriano beginning around 816, but local residents claim the town is early Roman and existed in some form over 2000 years ago.

Goriano Sicoli (literally, the Goriano of Sicily) lies at the south east end of the Comunità Montana Sirentina region of Abruzzo.  This group of mountain towns includes ski resorts, castles, a Roman bridge, water wheels and rural churches.  The region runs along both sides of the river Aterno, which flows from the regional capital L'Aquila to the Adriatic Sea.

L'Aquila
L'Aquila (/ˈlækwɪlə/ LAK-wil-ə; Italian: [ˈlaːkwila] ⓘ; Neapolitan: [ˈlaːkwiːlə]) is the capital city of the region of Abruzzo in central Italy. With 70,421 inhabitants as of 2025, it is also the second-largest city in the region. Laid out within medieval walls on a hill in the wide valley of the Aterno river, it is surrounded by the Apennine Mountains, with the Gran Sasso d'Italia to the north-east.

L'Aquila sits on a hillside in the middle of a narrow valley; the tall snow-capped mountains of the Gran Sasso massif flank the town. A maze of narrow streets, lined with Baroque and Renaissance buildings and churches, open onto elegant piazzas. Home to the University of L'Aquila, it is a lively college town and, as such, has many cultural institutions: a repertory theatre, a symphony orchestra, a fine art academy, a state conservatory and a film institute. There are several ski resorts in the surrounding province (Campo Imperatore, Ovindoli, Pescasseroli, Roccaraso, Scanno).
Ctenostoma brunneum
Ctenostoma brunneum, the brownish comb-mouthed beetle, is a species of tiger beetle. This species is found in Ecuador, where it inhabits mid-altitude rainforests.

Adults are medium-sized (10 mm) and have a dark reddish brown colour. Its appearance is similar to the closely related species Ctenostoma immaculatum.

Ctenostoma immaculatum
Ctenostoma immaculatum, the non-spotted comb-mouthed beetle, is a species of tiger beetle. This species is found in Ecuador, where it has only been recorded from the western slope of the Andes mountains at a single location in Chimborazo Province.

Adults are medium-sized (11 mm) and are dark reddish-brown in colour.
Josh Charnley
Joshua Charnley (born 26 June 1991) is an English professional rugby league footballer who plays as a winger for the Leigh Leopards in the Betfred Super League.

He previously played for the Warrington Wolves and the Wigan Warriors, with whom he won the 2013 and 2016 Super League Grand Finals, and was on loan from Wigan at Hull Kingston Rovers in the Super League. At international level, he played for the England Knights in 2011 and won 8 caps for England between 2012 and 2014.

Charnley also played rugby union for the Sale Sharks in the Aviva Premiership from 2016 to 2018.

Widnes Vikings
The Widnes Vikings are an English rugby league club in Widnes, Cheshire, which competes in the Championship. The club plays home matches at DCBL Stadium. Founded as Widnes Football Club, they are one of the original twenty-two rugby clubs that formed the Northern Rugby Football Union in 1895. Their historic nickname is "The Chemics" after the main industry in Widnes, but now they use their modern nickname, "The Vikings".

The club enjoyed a period of success in the 1970s, 1980s, and early 1990s, and were frequently described as "Cup Kings" reaching the Challenge Cup Final 7 times in 10 years between 1975 and 1984. In 1989, after winning their third Rugby League Premiership, Widnes became the first official World Club Champions by beating the Australian champions Canberra Raiders 30–18 at Old Trafford. They have a strong local rivalry with Warrington Wolves.
Khodadoust line
A Khodadoust line or chronic focal transplant reaction is a medical sign that indicates a complication of corneal graft surgery on the eye.
This method is called Khodadoust line because of many years research about this by Professor Ali Asghar Khodadoust. This medical condition is similar to organ rejection after an organ transplant, except that it involves immunological rejection of a transplanted cornea rather than an internal organ.

A Khodadoust line is made up of mononuclear cells (white blood cells). These cells appear at the vascularized edge of the recently transplanted cornea. If untreated, the line of white blood cells will move across and damage the endothelial cells of the cornea over the space of several days.

Prompt treatment by immunosuppression can prevent further damage.

Signs and symptoms
Signs and symptoms are diagnostic indications of an illness, injury, or condition. While signs are objective and externally observable, symptoms are a person's reported subjective experiences.

A sign, for example, can be an elevated or lower than normal temperature or blood pressure; or an abnormal finding showing on medical imaging. A symptom is something out of the ordinary that is experienced by an individual such as feeling feverish, a headache or other pains in the body. Symptoms can be a result of the immune system's response to an infection, the physical manifestation of an abnormal body condition, or the effect of a consumed substance. Symptoms, though often indicative of a disease process, are not always diagnostically relevant, and can be idiopathic in nature.
Petrol piracy
Petrol piracy also sometimes called oil piracy or petro-piracy, is an act of piracy that specifically involves petroleum resources, or their transportation, consumption, and regulation. It should not be confused with the term oil war, as although both involve petroleum, petrol piracy always involves at least one of the aggressors being ship or boat-borne. Although, it may seem not as prevalent in today's modern society due to plummeting oil prices and lower attack rates, a number of specific incidents have still occurred in-addition to the fact that since the start of COVID-19 there has been an unprecedented resurgence in piracy incidents (petrol piracy-included). In contrast to traditional piracy, petroleum ships are generally targeted over merchant, as it serves as a means to fight back against 'resource control' within the region.

Resource curse
The resource curse, also known as the paradox of plenty or the poverty paradox, is the hypothesis that countries with an abundance of natural resources (such as fossil fuels and certain minerals) have lower economic growth, lower rates of democracy, or poorer development outcomes than countries with fewer natural resources. There are many theories and much academic debate about the reasons for and exceptions to the adverse outcomes. Most experts believe the resource curse is not universal or inevitable but affects certain types of countries or regions under certain conditions. As of at least 2023, there is no academic consensus on the effect of resource abundance on economic development.
2025–26 UEFA Conference League qualifying
2025–26 UEFA Conference League qualifying is the preliminary phase of the 2025–26 UEFA Conference League, prior to the competition proper. Qualification will consist of the qualifying phase (first to third rounds) and the play-off round. It began on 10 July and will end on 28 August 2025.

A total of 155 teams will compete in the qualifying system of the 2025–26 UEFA Conference League, which includes the qualifying phase and the play-off round, with 21 teams in the Champions Path and 134 teams in the Main Path. The 24 winners of the play-off round will advance to the league phase, to join the 12 losers of the Europa League play-off round.

Times are CEST (UTC+2), as listed by UEFA (local times, if different, are in parentheses).

2025–26 UEFA Conference League league phase
The 2025–26 UEFA Conference League league phase began on 2 October and ended on 18 December 2025. A total of 36 teams competed in the league phase to decide the 24 places in the knockout phase of the 2025–26 UEFA Conference League.

Crystal Palace, Drita, Hamrun Spartans, KuPS, Rayo Vallecano, Samsunspor, Shelbourne, Shkëndija, Sigma Olomouc and Universitatea Craiova made their debut appearances in a major UEFA competition group or league phase. Hamrun Spartans was the first team from Malta to play in a major UEFA competition group stage or league phase.

A total of 29 national associations were represented in the league phase. Poland was the first country to have four clubs play in the Conference League group stage/league phase, and it was also the first time in history that four Polish clubs competed in any edition of a UEFA competition group stage or league phase.
1951 Tour de France, Stage 13 to Stage 24
The 1951 Tour de France was the 38th edition of Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Tour began in Metz with a flat stage on 4 July and Stage 13 occurred on 17 July with a mountainous stage from Dax. The race finished in Paris on 29 July.

1951 Tour de France
The 1951 Tour de France was the 38th edition of the Tour de France, taking place from 4 to 29 July. It consisted of 24 stages over 4,690 km (2,914 mi). The race started outside Île-de-France for the first time since 1926; a change that remained permanent beyond 1951 with the exceptions of 1963, 1983, 1984, 1986 and 2003.

The race was won by Swiss cyclist Hugo Koblet. Koblet used his time-trial abilities to win large amounts of time. Dutch cyclist Wim van Est gained fame, not only by becoming the first Dutch cyclist to lead the Tour de France, but more by falling down a ravine in the leader's jersey.
5th New York Infantry Regiment
The 5th New York Infantry Regiment, also known as Duryée's Zouaves, was a volunteer infantry regiment that served in the U.S. Army during the American Civil War.  Modeled, like other Union and Confederate infantry regiments, on the French Zouaves of Crimean War fame, its tactics and uniforms were different from those of the standard infantry.

Battle of Hanover Court House
The Battle of Hanover Court House, also known as the Battle of Slash Church, took place on May 27, 1862, in Hanover County, Virginia, as part of the Peninsula Campaign of the American Civil War.

On May 27, 1862, elements of Union Brig. Gen. Fitz John Porter's V Corps extended north to protect the right flank of Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan's Army of the Potomac. Porter's objective was to deal with a Confederate force near Hanover Court House, which threatened the avenue of approach for Union reinforcements that were marching south from Fredericksburg. The smaller Confederate force, under Colonel Lawrence O'Bryan Branch, was defeated at Peake's Crossing after a disorganized fight.

However, the Union victory was moot since the Union reinforcements were recalled to Fredericksburg upon word of Maj. Gen. Nathaniel P. Banks's rout in the Shenandoah Valley at the First Battle of Winchester.
Head Full of Steam
"Head Full of Steam" is a song by the Australian alternative rock band the Go-Betweens that was released as the second single from their fourth album Liberty Belle and the Black Diamond Express. It was released as a 7-inch and 12-inch vinyl single on the Beggars Banquet label in the United Kingdom in May 1986, with "Don't Let Him Come Back" as the B-side. In Australia it was released in 1987 by True Tone Records, with "Little Joe" as the B-Side.

The single version is markedly different from the album recording, with added keyboards, and a middle eighth where Forster asks, "Can I come to your place, and can I wash your hair?"

Tracey Thorn
Tracey Thorn (born 26 September 1962) is an English singer, songwriter, and author. She is best known as a member of the duo Everything but the Girl, active from 1982 to 2000, and again from 2022. She was in the band Marine Girls from 1980 to 1983. She has, at several junctions of her career, recorded and released albums as a solo artist, and has also written books, essays and columns.
Rhinophorinae
Rhinophorinae is a subfamily of flies (Diptera), commonly known as Woodlouse Flies, found in all zoogeographic regions except Oceania, but mainly in the Palaearctic and Afrotropical regions.

They are small, slender, black, bristly flies phylogenetically close to the Tachinidae, formally many authors considered them a family, they are now a subfamily in the Calliphoridae. The larvae are mostly parasitoids of woodlice, beetles, spiders, and other arthropods, and occasionally snails.

By 2020, about 33 genera were placed in the family, with a total 177 species.

Julius von Bergenstamm
Julius Edler von Bergenstamm (1837 (or 1838) – 31 January 1896, Vienna)
was an Austrian entomologist who specialised in Diptera.
He worked alongside Friedrich Moritz Brauer the Director of the Naturhistorisches Hofmuseum, Vienna.
Salvatore Fergola
Salvatore Fergola (Naples, 24 April 1799—Naples, 7 March 1874), was an Italian painter, mainly of landscapes or vedute in and around his native Naples. He is considered a member of the School of Posillipo.

Veduta
A veduta (Italian for 'view'; pl. vedute) is a highly detailed, usually large-scale painting or, more often, print of a cityscape or some other vista. The painters of vedute are referred to as vedutisti.
Tango
Tango is a partner dance and social Latin dance that originated in the 1880s along the Río de la Plata, the natural border between Argentina and Uruguay. The tango was born in the impoverished port areas of these countries from a combination of Argentine Milonga, Spanish-Cuban Habanera, and Uruguayan Candombe celebrations. It was frequently practiced in the brothels and bars of ports, where business owners employed bands to entertain their patrons. It then spread to the rest of the world. A number of variations of this dance currently exist around the world.

On August 31, 2009, UNESCO approved a joint proposal by Argentina and Uruguay to include the tango in the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists.

Partner dance
Partner dances are dances whose basic choreography involves coordinated dancing of two partners. As such it occupies a middle ground between individuals dancing alone or individually in a non-coordinated manner, and groups of people dancing simultaneously in a coordinated manner.
Triple J's Hottest 100 of 2025
The 2025 Triple J Hottest 100 was broadcast on 24 January 2026. It was the 33rd annual countdown of the most popular songs of the year, as voted by listeners of Australian youth radio station Triple J. Throughout the following week, the station announced the Hottest 200, counting down songs 200–101 from 27 January through to 31 January 2026. Merchandise sales from the event will support homelessness charity We Are Mobilise.

English singer Olivia Dean's song "Man I Need" was voted in at number one, and Dean tied with Australian band Spacey Jane for the most entries in the countdown, with five each. Dean became the third consecutive female solo artist to win the countdown after Chappell Roan and Doja Cat topped the countdown in 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Adam Hyde
Adam Hyde is an Australian musician. He was raised in Canberra. He is best known as one half of Peking Duk. Since 2021, Hyde has released music under the alias Keli Holiday, an alter ego Hyde describes as "a very confused, heartbroken man that still thinks he's the shit."

As of 2024, Hyde is in a relationship with Abbie Chatfield.
Jersey Bearcats
The Jersey Bearcats are a professional indoor football team based in Roselle, New Jersey.  They are currently members of American Arena League and have played their home games at the Warinanco Sports Center over the last 3 seasons, if not longer.  They are owned by AJ Roque and Jermaine Sanders, with Roque also serving as general manager and head coach.  They were AAL2 champions in 2023.

Roselle, New Jersey
Roselle (/roʊˈzɛl/ row-ZELL) is a borough located in Union County in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the borough's population was 22,695, an increase of 1,610 (+7.6%) from the 2010 census count of 21,085, which in turn reflected a decline of 189 (−0.9%) from the 21,274 counted in the 2000 census. The Population Estimates Program calculated a population of 22,342 in 2023, a decrease of 353 (−1.6%).
Saskatchewan First Act
The Saskatchewan First Act is an act first introduced on November 1, 2022, during the third sitting of the 29th Saskatchewan Legislature. The act was passed on March 16, 2023. The purpose of the act is to confirm Saskatchewan's autonomy and to re-assert its constitutional jurisdiction over natural resources. The act has faced concerted opposition from Indigenous nations. Attorney General Bronwyn Eyre has written forcefully in support of the legislation, arguing that it will fight federal intrusion on exclusive provincial rights, as enumerated in section 92A of the Constitution Act, 1867. Eyre also publicized her bill to such bodies as the Saskatchewan and Regina Chambers of Commerce. Blockades, which had been threatened by Indigenous leaders in December 2022, had not occurred as of December 2023.

Section 92A of the Constitution Act, 1867
Section 92A of the Constitution Act, 1867 (French: article 92A de la Loi constitutionnelle de 1867) is a provision of the Constitution of Canada relating to provincial jurisdiction over natural resources.  It was added to the Constitution Act, 1867 in 1982, as part of the Patriation of the Constitution.

The Constitution Act, 1867 is the constitutional statute which established Canada.  Originally named the British North America Act, 1867, the Act continues to be the foundational statute for the Constitution of Canada, although it has been amended many times since 1867.  It is now recognised as part of the supreme law of Canada.
Bounding interval hierarchy
A bounding interval hierarchy (BIH) is a partitioning data structure similar to that of bounding volume hierarchies or kd-trees. Bounding interval hierarchies can be used in high performance (or real-time) ray tracing and may be especially useful for dynamic scenes.

The BIH was first presented under the name of SKD-Trees, presented by Ooi et al., and BoxTrees, independently invented by Zachmann.

Minimum bounding box
In geometry, the minimum bounding box or smallest bounding box (also known as the minimum enclosing box or smallest enclosing box) for a point set S in N dimensions is the box with the smallest measure (area, volume, or hypervolume in higher dimensions) within which all the points lie. When other kinds of measure are used, the minimum box is usually called accordingly, e.g., "minimum-perimeter bounding box".

The minimum bounding box of a point set is the same as the minimum bounding box of its convex hull, a fact which may be used heuristically to speed up computation.

In the two-dimensional case it is called the minimum bounding rectangle.
IIT Goa
Indian Institute of Technology Goa (IIT Goa or IITGoa) is an autonomous public university located in Goa and an institute of National Importance. Ever since an IIT was allotted to Goa by the Central government in 2014, the new Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) at Goa started functioning from July, 2016 in a temporary campus housed at Goa Engineering College (GEC). The campus is located at Farmagudi, Goa. Currently, it offers BTech, MTech and PhD courses in various core and one non-core branches majorly in Electrical Engineering, Computer Science and Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Mathematics and Computing.

As part of the mentorship plan, IIT-Bombay was the mentor for IIT-Goa for three pioneer years. The HRD Ministry had set up an IIT monitoring cell at IIT-Bombay and the committee members had been designated as officials on special duty to supervise the process of setting up IIT-Goa.

Indian Institutes of Technology
The Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) are a network of prestigious, autonomous public engineering and technology institutions in India. Established in 1950, they are under the purview of the Ministry of Education of the Government of India and are governed by the Institutes of Technology Act, 1961. The Act designates them as Institutes of National Importance and lays down their powers, duties, and governance framework as the country's premier institutions in the field of technology. There are currently 23 IITs functioning under this act. Each IIT operates autonomously and is linked to the others through a common council called the IIT Council, which oversees their administration. The Minister of Education (India) serves as the ex officio chairperson of the IIT Council.