hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Raatikainen
Raatikainen is a Finnish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

August Raatikainen (1874–1937), Finnish farmer and politician

Erkki Raatikainen (1930–2011), Finnish journalist and politician

Jaska Raatikainen (born 1979), Finnish musician

Jussi Raatikainen (1898–1978), Finnish journalist and politician

Kaisa Raatikainen (1928–2007), Finnish politician

Sami Raatikainen, Finnish musician

Jussi Raatikainen
Juho (Jussi) Raatikainen (12 October 1898, Kivijärvi - 13 September 1978) was a Finnish journalist and politician. He served as Deputy Minister of Agriculture from 29 July 1948 to 17 March 1950 and Deputy Minister of the Interior from 30 July 1948 to 17 March 1950. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland  from 1936 to 1951, representing the Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP). His son, Erkki Raatikainen, was also a journalist and politician.
Abersoch Lifeboat Station
Abersoch Lifeboat Station sits overlooking the harbour at Abersoch, a village approximately 27 miles (43 km) south of Caernarfon, on the south-east coast of the Llŷn Peninsula, in Gwynedd, Wales.

Penrhyn Dû Lifeboat Station was established just to the south of the village in 1844, by the Royal National Institution for the Preservation of Life from Shipwreck (RNIPLS), operating until 1853. A new station, Abersoch Lifeboat Station, was established by the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) in 1869, operating until 1931.

A new Inshore lifeboat station was established at Abersoch in 1965, moving into its present building in 1994. The station currently operates a B-class (Atlantic 85) Inshore lifeboat, Peter and Ann Setten (B-886), on station since 2015.

Lifeboat (rescue)
A rescue lifeboat is a boat rescue craft which is used to attend a vessel in distress, or its survivors, to rescue crew and passengers. It can be hand pulled, sail powered or powered by an engine. Lifeboats may be rigid, inflatable or rigid-inflatable combination-hulled vessels.
Science Fiction A to Z
Science Fiction A to Z: A Dictionary of the Great S.F. Themes is an anthology of science fiction short stories edited by Isaac Asimov, Martin H. Greenberg and Charles G. Waugh. It was first published in hardcover by Houghton Mifflin in August 1982.

The book collects fifty novellas, novelettes and short stories by various science fiction authors, with an introduction by Asimov. The book is organized as a "Glossary of Terms Frequently Used in Science Fiction Stories," terms "science fictionish rather than scientific" that are "not generally found in ordinary reference books [or] scientific dictionaries. " The stories are arranged alphabetically by the terms they stories utilize or illustrate, and preceded by definitions of those terms.

Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company (HMH)
(/ˈhoʊtən/,
HOH-tən)
is an American publisher of textbooks, instructional technology materials, assessments, and reference works. The company is based in the Boston Financial District. It was formerly known as the Houghton Mifflin Company, but it changed its name following the 2007 acquisition of Harcourt Publishing. Before March 2010, it was a subsidiary of Education Media and Publishing Group Limited, an Irish-owned holding company registered in the Cayman Islands and formerly known as Riverdeep. In 2022, it was acquired by Veritas Capital, a New York–based private-equity firm.
Magnum Crimen
The Magnum Crimen is a book about clericalism in Croatia from the end of 19th century until the end of the Second World War. The book, whose full title is Magnum crimen – pola vijeka klerikalizma u Hrvatskoj (The Great Crime – a half-century of clericalism in Croatia), was written by a professor and historian at Belgrade University, Viktor Novak (1889–1977).  The book was first published in Zagreb in 1948.

Immediately after the book was published, the Roman Curia placed this book on the Index Librorum Prohibitorum and pronounced anathema against the author.

Clericalism
Clericalism is the application of the formal, church-based leadership or opinion of ordained clergy in matters of the church or in broader political and sociocultural contexts.

Journalist and former priest James Carroll has argued that clericalism was not part of the Gospels. The origins of clericalism are traced to the religious organization of the late Roman Empire, which had converted to Christianity under Constantine the Great. The French politician Léon Gambetta (1838—1882) stated that clericalism was the main opponent in the battle for public freedom from ecclesial power.
Mannheim National Theatre
The Mannheim National Theatre (German: Nationaltheater Mannheim) is a theatre and opera company in Mannheim, Germany, with a variety of performance spaces. It was founded in 1779 and is one of the oldest theatres in Germany.

The Robbers
The Robbers (Die Räuber, German pronunciation: [diː ˈʁɔʏbɐ] ⓘ) is the first dramatic play by German playwright Friedrich Schiller. The play was published in 1781 and premiered on 13 January 1782 in Mannheim and was inspired by Leisewitz's earlier play Julius of Taranto. It was written towards the end of the German Sturm und Drang ("Storm and Stress") movement, and many critics, such as Peter Brooks, consider it very influential in the development of European melodrama. The play astounded its Mannheim audience and made Schiller an overnight sensation. It later became the basis for Verdi's opera of the same name, I masnadieri.
2013 Swedish Open – Women's singles
Polona Hercog was the two-time defending champion, but decided to compete at an ITF $100,000 event at Olomouc instead.

World No. 1 Serena Williams won the title, defeating Johanna Larsson in the final in straight sets.

The win in the final was Williams' last 28th match on clay, marked she was being undefeated on clay courts during 2013 season.

Johanna Larsson
Johanna Larsson (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈlɑ̌ːʂɔn]; born 17 August 1988) is a Swedish former tennis player. In her career, she won two singles and 14 doubles titles on the WTA Tour, with 13 singles and 17 doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit. Her career-high WTA rankings are 45 in singles, achieved in September 2016, and 20 in doubles, set on 30 October 2017.

In 2017, Larsson qualified for the WTA Finals for the first time, with her partner Kiki Bertens, reaching the final in Singapore upsetting fourth seeds Barty and Dellacqua and second seeds Vesnina and Makarova. They lost in the final against Tímea Babos and Andrea Hlaváčková. Larsson made her debut for the Sweden Fed Cup team in 2005, eventually accumulating an overall win–loss record of 50–30.
2023 Bara–2 by-election
The 2023 Bara–2 by-election was held in the Bara 2 constituency of Nepal on 23 April 2023. The by-election was held as the result of the vacation of the seat by the sitting member, Ram Sahay Prasad Yadav, who was elected vice president on 17 March 2023. It was held alongside by-elections in Chitwan 2 and Tanahun 1.

Upendra Yadav, chairman of the People's Socialist Party, Nepal, who had been defeated in Saptari 2 in the 2022 general election, was elected from the by-election, defeating Janamat Party's Shivachandra Prasad Kushwaha, who had contested the seat from the CPN (Maoist Centre) in 2022.

Tanahun 1 (constituency)
Tanahun 1 is one of two parliamentary constituencies of Tanahun District in Nepal. This constituency came into existence on the Constituency Delimitation Commission (CDC) report submitted on 31 August 2017.
Scoparia platymera
Scoparia platymera is a moth in the family Crambidae described by Oswald Bertram Lower in 1905. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from Tasmania.

The wingspan is about 20 mm. The forewings are whitish and with fuscous markings. There is a row of blackish elongate streaks along the termen. The hindwings are pale greyish, tinged with fuscous along the termen on the upper half.

Oswald Bertram Lower
Oswald Bertram Lower (28 February 1864 in Norwood, South Australia – 18 March 1925 in Wayville, South Australia) was an Australian chemist and pharmacist who is best known for his contributions to entomology, in particular butterflies and moths. His collection is now at the South Australian Museum.

In 1909 he married Eva Linda May (Davies) Lower. The couple had two sons: Oswald Bertram and Raymond Brackleigh.
Bob Dylan's recording sessions
Bob Dylan is an American musician, singer-songwriter, music producer, artist, and writer. He has been an influential figure in popular music and culture for more than five decades. Much of his most celebrated work dates from the 1960s when he was an informal chronicler and a seemingly reluctant figurehead of social unrest.

All songs written by Bob Dylan, except where noted.

Don't Think Twice, It's All Right
"Don't Think Twice, It's All Right" is a song written by Bob Dylan in 1962 and released the following year on his album The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan and as the B-side of the single "Blowin' in the Wind". The song has been covered by many other artists, most notably by Peter, Paul and Mary who released it as a single reaching the Top 10 of the Billboard Hot 100.
Union Square Aberdeen
Union Square is a shopping centre located in the centre of Aberdeen, Scotland, which opened to the public on Thursday, 29 October 2009. The centre contains a covered shopping mall and retail park. Located on Guild Street and Market Street, the development adjoins onto the side of Aberdeen railway station and Aberdeen bus station creating a transport hub. The shopping centre houses more than 60 shops, over fifteen restaurants, a ten screen 2,300 seat Cineworld cinema (the largest in Aberdeen) and a 3-star Leonardo hotel with 203 rooms.

Transport hub
A transport hub  is a place where passengers and cargo are exchanged between vehicles and/or between transport modes. Public transport hubs include railway stations, rapid transit stations, bus stops, tram stops, airports, and ferry slips.

Freight hubs include classification yards, airports, inland ports, seaports, and truck terminals, or combinations of these.

For private transport by car, the parking lot functions as an unimodal hub.
Garth Trinidad
Garth Trinidad is a music supervisor & radio disc jockey of electronic music in  Los Angeles, California on KCRW. He started hosting a show on KCRW in 1996, after years of volunteer work at the station. 18 years later, his drive-time show continues to be a mainstay in the LA radio market. Trinidad attended Otis College of Art and Design. He was the music supervisor for the Emmy Award-winning HBO series Entourage. As a music pundit, he has provided commentary for PBS, NPR, KTLA and KABC.

Music supervisor
A music supervisor is a person who combines music and visual media. According to the Guild of Music Supervisors, a music supervisor is “a qualified professional who oversees all music related aspects of film, television, advertising, video games and other existing or emerging visual media platforms as required.” In the musical theatre industry, a music supervisor is often responsible for managing a team of music directors working on any number of musical productions. In visual productions, the music supervisor usually works with the directors, writers or producers to choose which songs are best suited for the scenes.
Abertillery
Abertillery (/ˌæbərtɪˈlɛəri/; Welsh: Abertyleri) is a town and community in Blaenau Gwent County Borough, Wales. It is located in the Ebbw Fach valley, and the historic county of Monmouthshire.

The surrounding landscape borders the Brecon Beacons National Park and the Blaenavon World heritage Site. Formerly a major coal mining centre the Abertillery area was transformed in the 1990s using EU and other funding to return to a greener environment.

Situated on the A467 the town is 15 miles (24 km) north of the M4 and 5 miles (8 km) south of the A465 "Heads of the Valleys" trunk road. It is about 25 miles (40 km) by road from Cardiff and 47 miles (76 km) from Bristol.

According to the 2011 Census, 4.8% of the ward's 4,416 (212 residents) resident-population can speak, read, and write Welsh. This is below the county's figure of 5.5% of 67,348 (3,705 residents) who can speak, read, and write Welsh.

A465 road
The A465 is a trunk road that runs from Bromyard in Herefordshire, England to Llandarcy near Swansea in south Wales. The section from Abergavenny to the Vale of Neath is commonly referred to as the Heads of the Valleys Road because it links the heads of the South Wales Valleys. The western half in Wales is officially known as the Neath to Abergavenny Trunk Road. The Heads of the Valleys Road from Abergavenny to Merthyr Tydfil was built in 1812. A 23-year long major upgrade programme converted the road into a dual carriageway in each direction and was finally completed on 31 May 2025.

Approximately following the southern boundary of the Brecon Beacons National Park, the Ordnance Survey Pathfinder guide describes it as the unofficial border between rural and industrial South Wales. The A465 provides an alternative route between England and the counties in South West Wales and to the ferries to Ireland.
Hugh Gore (bishop)
Christianity portal

Hugh Gore DD (1613-1691) was a seventeenth century Anglican Bishop of Waterford and Lismore in Ireland who founded Swansea Grammar School.

He was born in Maiden Newton in Dorset, England in 1613. He want to school in Lismore, and studied at Trinity College, Oxford and at Trinity College, Dublin.

On becoming a priest he held livings in Nicholaston and Oxwich near Swansea, Wales. He was ejected from his livings in 1650 under the Propagation Act of the Commonwealth for delinquency and refusing the engagement, after which he kept a school in Swansea.

After the Restoration of King Charles II he returned to favour and became Dean of Lismore in 1664; and Bishop of Waterford and Lismore in 1666. He founded Swansea Grammar School in 1682, which is now named Bishop Gore School in his honour. He retired to Swansea in 1689. He died in 1691 and was buried at St Mary's Church, Swansea.

Maiden Newton
Maiden Newton is a village and civil parish in the county of Dorset in south-west England. It lies within the Dorset Council administrative area, about 9 miles (14 km) north-west of the county town, Dorchester.
Wayne M. Becker
Wayne M. Becker is emeritus professor of botany at the University of Wisconsin and, under the name W. M. Becker, the original author, and for the next six editions, senior author of The World of the Cell (Pearson).
Becker first joined the University of Wisconsin in 1958 and obtained his PhD in 1967. He received his B.S, M.S., and Ph.D in biochemistry at this college. Becker spent two years in the United Kingdom as a NATO/NIH postdoctoral researcher, and then returned to the campus in 1969 as a member of the Botany Department Faculty. He also spent a year in the same position at the University of Edinburgh.

In 1995, he put his research aside and began to focus on undergraduate teaching, especially students of color and those from poor backgrounds. He has also taught at the University of Indonesia in Jakarta; Canterbury University at Christchurch, New Zealand; University of Puerto Rico at Mayaguez; and the Interfaculty Program in Biomedical Ethics at Harvard University.

Bioethics
Bioethics is both a field of study and professional practice, interested in ethical issues related to health (primarily focused on the human, but also increasingly includes animal ethics), including those emerging from advances in biology, medicine, and technologies. It proposes the discussion about moral discernment in society (what decisions are "good" or "bad" and why) and it is often related to medical policy and practice, but also to broader questions as environment, well-being and public health. Bioethics is concerned with the ethical questions that arise in the relationships among life sciences, biotechnology, medicine, politics, law, theology and philosophy. It includes the study of values relating to primary care, other branches of medicine ("the ethics of the ordinary"), ethical education in science, animal, and environmental ethics, and public health.
AdventHealth Wauchula
Adventist Health System-Sunbelt Inc doing business as AdventHealth Wauchula, is a non-profit hospital in Wauchula, Florida, United States owned by AdventHealth. The medical facility is a critical access hospital and a statutory rural hospital. In 1988, the hospital received national attention after it was revealed that two babies were switched at birth there in 1978. In 2019, AdventHealth Wauchula received a bomb threat that forced it to evacuate.

Critical access hospital
A critical access hospital (CAH) in the United States is a type of Medicare facility designation for certain rural hospitals, available through a state's rural hospital flexibility program (flex program). These programs allow states to designate small rural hospitals as CAHs if they are sufficiently distant from other facilities, provide 24-hour emergency services, and meet limits on inpatient beds and length of stay. The programs and designations were first authorized by the Balanced Budget Act of 1997.

As of July 2025, there were 1,377 certified critical access hospitals in 45 states; Connecticut, Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey and Rhode Island did not have any CAHs.
Minister Plenipotentiary of Suriname
The Minister Plenipotentiary of Suriname (Dutch: Gevolmachtigde Minister van Suriname) represented the constituent country of Suriname in the Council of Ministers of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It has existed from 1954 until the Independence of Suriname on 25 November 1975.

A significant difference between the Netherlands ministers and the Ministers Plenipotentiary is that the former ministers are accountable for their politics and policies to the Dutch parliament. The Ministers Plenipotentiary, however, are accountable to their national governments, which was the Estates of Suriname in case of Suriname. Therefore, the Ministers Plenipotentiary usually do not resign in the event of a Dutch cabinet crisis.

History of Suriname
The early history of Suriname dates from 3000 BCE when Native Americans first inhabited the area. The Dutch acquired Suriname from the English, and European settlement in any numbers dates from the 17th century, when it was a plantation colony utilizing slavery for sugar cultivation. With abolition in the late 19th century, planters sought labor from China, Portugal (Madeira), the British Raj, and the Dutch East Indies (Java), which was also colonized by the Dutch. Dutch is Suriname's official language. Owing to its diverse population, it has also developed a creole language, Sranan Tongo.
Swimming at the 1991 Pan American Games – Men's 200 metre butterfly
The men's 200 metre butterfly competition of the swimming events at the 1991 Pan American Games took place on 17 August. The last Pan American Games champion was Bill Stapleton of US.

This race consisted of four lengths of the pool, all lengths being in butterfly stroke.

1991 Pan American Games
The 1991 Pan American Games, officially known as the XI Pan American Games (Spanish: XI Juegos Panamericanos) and commonly known as Havana 1991 (Spanish: La Habana 1991), were held in Havana, Cuba from 2 to 18 August 1991. There were 4,519 athletes from 39 countries of the PASO community, with events in 33 different sports. The main stadium was the Estadio Panamericano, a multi-use stadium in Havana that holds 50,000 people.
Soviet ship Bditelny
Bditelny (Russian: Бдительный, romanized: "Vigilant"), also spelled Bditelnyy or Bditel'nyy, is the name of the following ships of the Russian Navy and/or Soviet Navy:

Russian destroyer Bditelny, a Inzhener-mekhanik Zverev-class destroyer launched in 1906 and sunk by a mine in 1917

Soviet corvette Bditelny, a Grisha-class corvette in commission 1981–1998.

Soviet destroyer Bditelny (1937), a Gnevny-class destroyer sunk by aircraft in 1942

Soviet destroyer Bditelny (1949), a Skory-class destroyer

Soviet frigate Bditelnyy, a Krivak-class frigate in commission 1970–1996

Soviet guard ship Bditelny, a Yastreb-class guard ship laid down in 1940 but scrapped before completion.

Russian patrol boat Bditelny, a Rubin-class patrol boat commissioned in 2017.

Grisha-class corvette
The Grisha class, Soviet designation Project 1124 Al'batros, are a series of anti-submarine corvettes built by the Soviet Union between 1970 and 1990 and later by Russia and Ukraine. These ships have a limited range and are largely used only in coastal waters. They have been equipped with a variety of anti-submarine weapons and an SA-N-4 'Gecko' surface-to-air missile launcher. All were fitted with retractable fin stabilizers.

The designation "corvette" for these ships was a conditional adaptation as the Soviet classification was a small anti-submarine ship (Russian: Малый противолодочный корабль, romanized: Malyy protivolodochnyy korabl, lit. 'Small anti-submarine ship') (MPK). In the Russian Navy, the Grishas are expected to be partially replaced by the Steregushchiy-class corvette.
Hyperbolic equilibrium point
In the study of dynamical systems, a hyperbolic equilibrium point or hyperbolic fixed point is a fixed point that does not have any center manifolds. Near a hyperbolic point the orbits of a two-dimensional, non-dissipative system resemble hyperbolas.  This fails to hold in general.  Strogatz notes that "hyperbolic is an unfortunate name—it sounds like it should mean 'saddle point'—but it has become standard." Several properties hold about a neighborhood of a hyperbolic point, notably

A stable manifold and an unstable manifold exist,

Shadowing occurs,

The dynamics on the invariant set can be represented via symbolic dynamics,

A natural measure can be defined,

The system is structurally stable.

Hamiltonian mechanics
In physics, Hamiltonian mechanics is a reformulation of Lagrangian mechanics that emerged in 1833. Introduced by Sir William Rowan Hamilton, Hamiltonian mechanics replaces (generalized) velocities  used in Lagrangian mechanics with (generalized) momenta. Both theories provide interpretations of classical mechanics and describe the same physical phenomena.

Hamiltonian mechanics has a close relationship with geometry (notably, symplectic geometry and Poisson structures) and serves as a link between classical and quantum mechanics.
Propaganda in Fascist Italy
Propaganda in Fascist Italy was used by the National Fascist Party in the years leading up to and during Benito Mussolini's leadership of the Kingdom of Italy during the Fascist era and was a crucial instrument for acquiring and maintaining power and the implementation of Fascist policies.

Il Popolo d'Italia
Il Popolo d'Italia (Italian: [il ˈpɔpolo d‿iˈtalja]; lit. 'The People of Italy') was an Italian newspaper published from 15 November 1914 until 24 July 1943. It was founded by Benito Mussolini as a pro-war newspaper during World War I, and it later became the main newspaper of the fascist movement in Italy after the war. It published editions every day with the exception of Mondays.
Saint-Pardoux-Corbier
Saint-Pardoux-Corbier (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ paʁdu kɔʁbje]; Limousin: Sent Pardos Corbier) is a former commune in the Corrèze department in central France. It was merged with Saint-Martin-Sepert and Saint-Ybard to form Les Trois-Saints on 1 January 2025.

Corrèze
Corrèze (French pronunciation: [kɔʁɛz] ⓘ; Occitan: Corresa) is a department in France, named after the river Corrèze which runs through it. Although its prefecture is Tulle, its most populated city is Brive-la-Gaillarde. Corrèze is located in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region, on the border with Occitania and Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes.

In 2019, Corrèze had a population of 240,073, divided among 279 communes. Its inhabitants are called Corréziens (masculine) and Corréziennes (feminine). Its INSEE and postal code is 19.