hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Richard Buck (chaplain)
Reverend Richard Buck was a minister to the Colony of Virginia  at Jamestown, Virginia from 1610 to 1624.  He was chaplain of the first session of the Virginia General Assembly, which was composed of the House of Burgesses and the Virginia Governor's Council. This assembly met in the church at Jamestown on July 30, 1619, as the first elected assembly and law making body in colonial America.

Lyon Gardiner Tyler
Lyon Gardiner Tyler Sr. (August 24, 1853 – February 12, 1935) was an American educator, politician, genealogist, and historian. He was a son of John Tyler, the tenth president of the United States. Tyler was the 17th president of the College of William & Mary. He was a member of the Virginia House of Delegates from 1887 to 1889. He was also an advocate of historical research and preservation, and a prominent critic of U.S. President Abraham Lincoln.
Quipper (company)
Quipper is an education technology company that provides e-Learning, coaching, tutoring, and assessment services for K-12 in Japan, Indonesia, the Philippines, and Mexico. The company's primary service is an online learning management system (LMS), which is used in different ways in each country where it operates. The LMS contains locally developed content and is supplemented with additional services for teachers, students, school administrators, and other stakeholders in each country where it operates.

Benesse
Benesse Corporation (ベネッセコーポレーション, Benesse Kōporēshon) is a Japanese company which focuses on correspondence education and publishing. Based in Okayama, it is the parent company of Berlitz Language Schools, which in turn is the parent company of ELS Language Centers. Benesse is listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange (listing code 9783).

The company name is derived from the Latin words "bene" (well) and "esse" (being).
The Condensed in Imam Shafi'i's Jurisprudence
Al-Wajiz fi Fiqh al-Imam al-Shafi'i (Arabic: الوجيز في فقه الإمام الشافعي) or The Condensed in Imam Shafi’i’s Jurisprudence is a concise summary of Shafi’i Fiqh and 'Ilm al-Khilaf (the science of juridical disagreement) written by Imam al-Ghazali the leading juristconsult of his time. It mentions the contrary opinions of Al-Shafi'i including Abu Hanifa, Malik Ibn Anas and Al-Muzani. This book is considered one of the five major works in Shafi'i school of jurisprudence.

Al-Shafi'i
Al-Shafi'i (Arabic: الشَّافِعِيّ, romanized: al-Shāfiʿī; IPA: [a(l) ʃaːfiʕiː] ⓘ;767–820 CE) was a Muslim scholar, jurist, muhaddith, traditionist, theologian, ascetic, and eponym of the Shafi'i school of Sunni Islamic jurisprudence. He is known to be the first to write a book upon the  principles of Islamic jurisprudence, having authored one of the earliest work on the subject: al-Risala. His legacy and teaching on the matter provided it with a systematic form, thereby "fundamentally influencing the succeeding generations which are under his direct and obvious impact,": 270  and "beginning a new phase of the development of legal theory.": 239–273

Born in Gaza, Palestine, to the Banu Muttalib clan of the Quraysh tribe, he relocated at the age of two and was raised in Mecca. He later resided in Medina, Yemen, Baghdad in Iraq, and Egypt, and also served as a judge for some time in Najran.
Jake Spavital
Jacob Stephen Spavital (born May 1, 1985) is an American college football coach who is the offensive coordinator for the Baylor Bears. He served as the head coach at Texas State University from 2019 to 2022.

Baylor Bears football
The Baylor Bears football team represents Baylor University in Division I FBS college football. They are a member of the Big 12 Conference.  After 64 seasons at the off-campus Baylor Stadium, renamed Floyd Casey Stadium in 1988, the Bears opened the new on-campus McLane Stadium for the 2014 season.
Jagdstaffel 21
Royal Saxon Jagdstaffel 21 was a "hunting group" (i.e., fighter squadron) of the Luftstreitkräfte, the air arm of the Imperial German Army during World War I. As one of the original German fighter squadrons, the unit would score 148 verified aerial victories, including at least 30 destructions of enemy observation balloons.

In turn, their casualties for the war would amount to eight pilots killed in action, six wounded in action, and one fallen prisoner of war.

Wounded in action
Wounded in action (WIA) describes combatants who have been wounded while fighting in a combat zone during wartime, but have not been killed. Typically, it implies that they are temporarily or permanently incapable of bearing arms or continuing to fight. Generally, the Wounded in Action are far more numerous than those killed. Common combat injuries include second and third-degree burns, broken bones, shrapnel wounds, brain injuries, spinal cord injuries, nerve damage, paralysis, loss of sight and hearing, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and limb loss.

For the U.S. military, becoming WIA in combat generally results in subsequent conferral of the Purple Heart, because the purpose of the medal itself (one of the highest awards, military or civilian, officially given by the American government) is to recognize those killed, incapacitated, or wounded in battle.
Three O'Clock in the Morning
"Three O'Clock in the Morning" is a waltz composed by Julián Robledo that was extremely popular in the 1920s. Robledo published the music as a piano solo in 1919, and two years later Dorothy Terriss wrote the lyrics. Paul Whiteman's instrumental recording in 1922 became one of the first 20 recordings in history to sell more than 1 million copies.

Waltz
The waltz (from German  Walzer [ˈvaltsɐ] ⓘ, meaning "to roll or revolve") is a ballroom and folk dance, in triple ( 34 ) time, performed primarily in closed position. Along with the ländler and allemande, the waltz was sometimes referred to by the generic term German Dance in publications during the late 18th and early 19th centuries.
ISO 843
ISO 843 is a system for the transliteration and/or transcription of Greek characters into Latin characters.

It was released by the International Organization for Standardization in 1997. The transcription table is based on the first edition (1982) of the ELOT 743 transcription and transliteration system created by ELOT and officially adopted by the Greek government. The transliteration table provided major changes to the original one by ELOT, which in turn aligned to ISO 843 for the second edition of its ELOT 743 (2001).

Latin alphabet
The Latin alphabet comprises the letters originally used by the ancient Romans to write the Latin language. In a largely unaltered form (two splits, ⟨J⟩ from ⟨I⟩ and ⟨U⟩ from ⟨V⟩; an addition, ⟨W⟩; and extensions such as letters with diacritics), it forms the Latin script that is used to write many languages worldwide: in western and central Europe, in Africa, in the Americas, and in Oceania. It is the most widely used writing system in the world, used by over 3,000 languages, which is about 70% of the global population.

Its basic modern 26-letter inventory is standardized as the ISO basic Latin alphabet.
2003 Banquet 400
The 2003 Banquet 400 presented by ConAgra Foods was the 30th stock car race of the 2003 NASCAR Winston Cup Series season, and the third iteration of the event. The race was held on Sunday, October 5, 2003, before a crowd of 80,000 in Kansas City, Kansas, at Kansas Speedway, a 1.5 miles (2.4 km) permanent D-shaped oval racetrack. The race took the scheduled 267 laps to complete. At race's end, a cunning pit strategy for Penske Racing South driver Ryan Newman would propel him to his ninth career NASCAR Winston Cup Series win and his eighth win of the season. To fill out the podium, Bill Elliott and Jeremy Mayfield of Evernham Motorsports would finish second and third, respectively.

Jeremy Mayfield
Jeremy Allen Mayfield (born May 27, 1969) is an American semi-retired professional stock car racing driver. He drove cars for the Sadler brothers, T.W. Taylor, Cale Yarborough, Michael Kranefuss, Roger Penske, Ray Evernham, Bill Davis, and Gene Haas. In 2009, he drove for his own team, Mayfield Motorsports.

On May 9, 2009, Mayfield was suspended indefinitely as both owner and driver by NASCAR following what NASCAR said was a positive test for methamphetamine.  A federal judge weighed the evidence and temporarily lifted the suspension on July 1 of that same year. On July 15, NASCAR said Mayfield had tested positive for methamphetamine for the second time after failing a random drug test on July 6. On July 24, a federal appeals court overturned the previous injunction Mayfield had been awarded, leaving him suspended from the sport.
Boxing at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Men's 80 kg
The men's 80 kg (middleweight) boxing event at the 2024 Summer Olympics took place between 27 July and 7 August 2024. Preliminary boxing matches occurred at Arena Paris Nord in Villepinte, with the medal rounds (semifinals and finals) staged at Stade Roland Garros.

Stade Roland Garros
Stade Roland Garros (French pronunciation: [stad ʁɔlɑ̃ ɡaʁos]; 'Roland Garros Stadium') is a complex of tennis courts, including stadiums, located in Paris that hosts the French Open. That tournament, also known as Roland Garros, is a major tennis championship played annually in late May and early June. The complex is named after Roland Garros (1888–1918), a pioneering French aviator, and was constructed in 1928 to host France's first defence of the Davis Cup.

The 13.5-hectare (34-acre) complex contains twenty courts, including three large-capacity stadiums; Les Jardins de Roland Garros, a large restaurant and bar complex; Le Village, the press and VIP area; France's National Training Centre (CNE); and the Tenniseum, a bilingual, multimedia museum of the history of tennis.
Kieron Richardson
Kieron Mark Richardson (born 12 January 1986) is an English actor and television presenter. He plays the role of Ste Hay in Hollyoaks, having previously appeared in Heartbeat as Ricky Smith. He won the British Soap Award for Best Onscreen Partnership with Hollyoaks co-star Emmett J. Scanlan in 2013.

Emmett J. Scanlan
Emmett John Scanlan (born 31 January 1979) is an Irish actor, known for playing villainous, bad boy characters. His credits include Hollyoaks (2011–2013), The Fall (2013–2014), Peaky Blinders (2013–2016), Breakdown (2016), In The Flesh (2014), Guardians of the Galaxy (2014), The Tower (2021), Ten Percent (2022), Kin (2021–2023), Fool Me Once (2024), MobLand (2025), and How to Get to Heaven from Belfast (2026).
Grazing in the Grass
"Grazing in the Grass" is an instrumental composed by Philemon Hou and first recorded by the South African trumpeter Hugh Masekela. Released in the United States as a single in 1968, it followed United States trumpeter Herb Alpert's vocal performance of "This Guy's in Love with You" to the top spot on the Hot 100 chart, ranking it as the 18th biggest hit of the year. The song also reached No. 15 Adult Contemporary. Masekela included the song in his albums Grazing in the Grass: The Best of Hugh Masekela (2001), Still Grazing (2004), and Live at the Market Theatre (2006).

Masekela's recording was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 2018.

A vocal version by American vocal group The Friends of Distinction, with lyrics by band member Harry Elston, was a US chart hit in 1969.  "Grazing in the Grass" has been recorded by many other musicians.

Grammy Hall of Fame
The Grammy Hall of Fame is a hall of fame to honor musical recordings of lasting qualitative or historical significance. Inductees are selected annually by a special member committee of eminent and knowledgeable professionals from all branches of the recording arts. It is compiled by The Recording Academy in the United States, and was established in 1973. Recordings (singles and albums) in all genres are eligible for selection, and must be over 25 years old to be considered. Additions to the list are chosen annually by a committee of recording arts professionals.

Alphabetical listing by title:

List of Grammy Hall of Fame Award recipients (A–D)

List of Grammy Hall of Fame Award recipients (E–I)

List of Grammy Hall of Fame Award recipients (J–P)

List of Grammy Hall of Fame Award recipients (Q–Z)
Rybnica, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Rybnica [rɨbˈnit͡sa] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Klimontów, within Sandomierz County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) south-west of Klimontów, 26 km (16 mi) west of Sandomierz, and 65 km (40 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kielce.

During the January Uprising, on 20 October 1863, it was the site of the Battle of Rybnica, in which Polish insurgents commanded by Dionizy Czachowski defeated Russian troops.

Klimontów, Sandomierz County
Klimontów [kliˈmɔntuf] is a town in Sandomierz County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Klimontów. It lies on the European route E371, and along the Lesser Polish Way, approximately 22 km (14 mi) west of Sandomierz and 65 km (40 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kielce. The village has a population of 2,000. Klimontów belongs to historic Lesser Poland.
Tezkire
Tezkire (Arabic: تذکرة), from Arabic tadhkirah meaning "something that causes one to remember" or "memorandum", is a form of bibliographical dictionary or bibliographical compendium which flourished in the 16th-century Ottoman Empire. The most widely known are the tezkires of poets, but the books also focused on the works of government officials and artists in general. First seen in early Arab literature before the 10th century, they then made their way into Persian literature and later Ottoman literature.

One of the most famous Persian tezkires is the Tazkirat al-Awliya of Fariduddin Attar. The most important tezkire in Chagatai-Turkic is Majolis un-Nafois by Ali-Shir Nava'i.

Attar of Nishapur
Faridoddin Abu Hamed Mohammad Attar Nishapuri (Persian: فریدالدین ابوحامد محمد عطار نیشابوری; c. 1145 – c. 1221), better known by his pen-names Faridoddin (فریدالدین) and Attar of Nishapur (عطار نیشاپوری, Attar means apothecary), was a Persian poet, theoretician of Sufism, and hagiographer from Nishapur who had an immense and lasting influence on Persian poetry and Sufism. He wrote a collection of lyrical poems and number of long poems in the philosophical tradition of Islamic mysticism, as well as a prose work with biographies and sayings of famous Muslim mystics. The Conference of the Birds, Book of the Divine, and Memorial of the Saints are among his best known works.
Justus Georg Schottelius
Justus Georg Schottelius (Latinized Justus-Georgius Schottelius; 23 June 1612, Einbeck – 25 October 1676, Wolfenbüttel) was a German grammarian, best known for his publications on German grammar, language theory and poetics.

Poetics
Poetics is the study or theory of poetry, specifically the study or theory of device, structure, form, type, and effect with regards to poetry, though usage of the term can also refer to literature broadly. Poetics is distinguished from hermeneutics by its focus on the synthesis of non-semantic elements in a text rather than its semantic interpretation. Most literary criticism combines poetics and hermeneutics in a single analysis; however, one or the other may predominate given the text and the aims of the one doing the reading.
Albert, 8th Prince of Thurn and Taxis
Albert Maria Joseph Maximilian Lamoral, 8th Prince of Thurn and Taxis (full German name: Albert Maria Joseph Maximilian Lamoral Fürst von Thurn und Taxis; 8 May 1867 – 22 January 1952) was the eighth Prince of Thurn and Taxis and Head of the Princely House of Thurn and Taxis from 2 June 1885 until his death on 22 January 1952.

University of Innsbruck
The University of Innsbruck (German: Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck; Latin: Universitas Leopoldino Franciscea) is a public research university in Innsbruck, the capital of the Austrian federal state of Tyrol, founded on October 15, 1669.

It is the largest education facility in the Austrian Bundesland of Tirol, and the third largest in Austria behind the University of Vienna and the University of Graz. Significant contributions have been made in many branches, most of all in the physics department.
Afcons Infrastructure
Afcons Infrastructure Limited is an Indian multinational construction and engineering company based in Mumbai. The company is involved in infrastructure EPC projects such as bridges, flyovers, metros, railway lines, tunnels, highways, ports and marine works, barrages, and oil and gas structures. It has been a part of the Shapoorji Pallonji Group since 2000.

Barrage (dam)
A barrage is a type of low-head, diversion dam which consists of a number of large gates that can be opened or closed to control the amount of water passing through. This allows the structure to regulate and stabilize river water elevation upstream for use in irrigation and other systems. The gates are set between flanking piers which are responsible for supporting the water load of the pool created.

The term barrage is borrowed from the French word "barrer" meaning "to bar".
In Session (New Order album)
In Session is a compilation album of two BBC Radio 1 sessions by the English band New Order, released in 2004. The first five tracks were recorded in 1998 for the John Peel radio show. These songs mark the group's third John Peel session. Tracks 6 to 9 were recorded for the BBC Radio 1 Evening Session in 2001. "Transmission" is a video recorded in 2002 for John Peel's 40th anniversary party.

The session tracks were produced by Miti Adhikari. The artwork was designed by the group's longtime collaborator Peter Saville with photography by Jon Wozencroft.

Transmission (song)
"Transmission" is a song by English post-punk band Joy Division. Originally recorded in 1978 for the band's aborted self-titled album, it was later re-recorded the following year at a faster tempo and released by record label Factory as the band's debut single.
2023 Birmingham Classic – Singles
Jeļena Ostapenko defeated Barbora Krejčíková in the final, 7–6(10–8), 6–4 to win the singles tennis title at the 2023 Birmingham Classic.

Beatriz Haddad Maia was the reigning champion, but withdrew before the tournament began, due to a knee injury.

Wang Xiyu
Wang Xiyu (Chinese: 王曦雨; pinyin: Wáng Xīyǔ; Mandarin pronunciation: [wǎŋ ɕí ỳ] ⓘ; born 28 March 2001) is a Chinese professional tennis player. She reached a career-high WTA singles ranking of No. 49 on 9 January 2023, and a best doubles ranking of No. 98 on 19 August 2024.

Wang became junior world No. 1 on 10 September 2018, right after she won her only singles major title at the 2018 US Open, defeating Clara Burel in the final. The same year, she finished as quarterfinalist on the Australian Open and French Open and then as semifinalist on Wimbledon, all in singles. In doubles, she also has won one major title at the 2018 Wimbledon, partnering with Wang Xinyu, and finished runners-up at the 2017 US Open alongside Lea Bošković. She also reached semifinals at the 2017 French Open and 2018 Australian Open.
75th Infantry Division (South Korea)
The 75th Reserve Infantry Division (Korean: 제75동원보병사단) is a military formation of the Republic of Korea Reserve Forces (ROKA). The division is subordinated to the Mobilization Force Command and is headquartered in Namyangju City, Gyeonggi Province. During the peacetime, they are in charge of recruit training and active as a second line military unit.

The division was created on 1 July 1983.

Republic of Korea Army
The Republic of Korea Army (ROKA; Korean: 대한민국 육군; Hanja: 大韓民國陸軍; RR: Daehanminguk Yukgun), also known as the ROK Army or South Korean Army, is the army of South Korea, responsible for ground-based warfare. It is the largest of the military branches of the Republic of Korea Armed Forces with 400,000 members as of 2025. This size is maintained through conscription: All able-bodied South Korean males must complete military service (18 months for the army, auxiliary police, and marines, 20 months for the navy and conscripted firefighters, 21 months for the air force and social service, and 36 months for alternative service) between the ages of 18 and 35.
Namco System 23
The Namco System 23 is an arcade system board produced and developed by Namco. Announced in 1996 and released in 1997, it was the last arcade system produced by the company that was based on their own custom design, as opposed to just derivatives of console or PC hardware. Like the System 22, the System 23 also featured a more powerful variant called the Super System 23. One of the advertised features of the System 23 was the "Gashin Strong Bass System," which was simply a bass amplifier hooked up to the sound system. It was succeeded by the Namco System 10 in 2000.

Time Crisis II
Time Crisis II is a 1997 light-gun shooter video game developed and published by Namco for arcades. It is the second installment in the Time Crisis series. The game incorporates the same mechanics of its predecessor, with some minor changes, but with the addition of co-operative two-player gaming. The game's story focuses on the efforts of two secret agents, Keith Martin and Robert Baxter, as they attempt to thwart the efforts of an industry mogul's plan for world dominance.

The game was ported to the PlayStation 2 in October 2001, as part of a bundle to coincide with the launch of the GunCon 2 controller (G-Con 2 in Europe), with enhanced graphics. Ports for the original PlayStation and Dreamcast were cancelled during development. The game received mostly favorable reviews for the arcade and console versions. A sequel to the game, Time Crisis 3, was released in 2002.
El Penitente
El Penitente is a modern dance work by Martha Graham performed to music by Louis Horst. It premiered on August 11, 1940, at the Bennington College Theater, Bennington, Vermont, with costumes by Edythe Gilfond and a set by Arch Lauterer. Isamu Noguchi later redesigned the set and created a new mask.

Martha Graham
Martha Graham (May 11, 1894 – April 1, 1991) was an American modern dancer, teacher and choreographer responsible for creating the Graham technique.

Graham danced and taught for over seventy years. She was the first dancer to perform at the White House, travel abroad as a cultural ambassador, and receive the highest civilian award of the US: the Presidential Medal of Freedom with Distinction. In her lifetime she received honors including the Key to the City of Paris and Japan's Imperial Order of the Precious Crown.
Casey Creehan
Casey Creehan is an American gridiron football coach who is the defensive line coach for the Hamilton Tiger-Cats of the Canadian Football League (CFL). Creehan served as the head football coach at Lyon College in Batesville, Arkansas from 2018 to 2019, Peru State College in Peru, Nebraska from 2020 to 2021, and Missouri Valley College in Marshall, Missouri in 2024. He has also been assistant coach with several teams in the CFL and as a defensive coordinator for Concord University.

Missouri Valley College
Missouri Valley College is a private college in Marshall, Missouri, United States. The college was founded in 1889 and supports 40 academic majors and an enrollment close to 1,500 students. Missouri Valley College is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.
Edmundo Larroza
Edmundo Lavilla Larroza (died May 28, 2023) is a retired Filipino police officer who served as the Chief of the Philippine National Police from June 16 until November 16 of 1999, before being replaced by Panfilo Lacson. He was notable for serving as regional director of Northern Mindanao Regional Police from June 14, 1997 until January 7, 1996.

Northern Mindanao
Northern Mindanao (Cebuano: Amihanang Mindanao; Maranao: Pangotaraan Mindanao; Filipino: Hilagang Mindanao), designated as Region X, is an administrative region in the Philippines. It comprises five provinces: Bukidnon, Camiguin, Misamis Occidental, Misamis Oriental, and Lanao del Norte, as well as two highly urbanized cities: Cagayan de Oro and Iligan, all occupying the northern-central part of Mindanao, including the island of Camiguin. The regional center and largest city is Cagayan de Oro.