hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Anticrepuscular rays
Anticrepuscular rays, or antisolar rays, are  meteorological optical phenomena similar to crepuscular rays, but appear opposite the Sun in the sky. Anticrepuscular rays are essentially parallel, but appear to converge toward the antisolar point, the vanishing point, due to a visual illusion from linear perspective.

Anticrepuscular rays are most frequently visible around dawn or dusk. This is because the atmospheric light scattering that makes them visible (backscattering) is larger for low angles to the horizon than most other angles. Anticrepuscular rays are dimmer than crepuscular rays because backscattering is less than forward scattering.

Anticrepuscular rays can be continuous with crepuscular rays, curving across the whole sky in great circles.

Backscatter
In physics, backscatter (or backscattering) is the reflection of waves, particles, or signals back to the direction from which they came. It is usually a diffuse reflection due to scattering, as opposed to specular reflection as from a mirror, although specular backscattering can occur at normal incidence with a surface. Backscattering has important applications in astronomy, photography, and medical ultrasonography. The opposite effect is forward scatter, e.g. when a translucent material like a cloud diffuses sunlight, giving soft light.
Anatoliy Guretskiy
Anatoliy Anatolievich Guretskiy (Russian: Анатолий Анатольевич Гурецкий) (born 18 March 1955 in Grigoriopol District, Moldavian SSR, Soviet Union) was the Minister of Justice in Transnistria from 2005 until 2009.

He took over on 1 November 2005 from Viktor Alekseevich Balala. Guretskiy is a lawyer and a native-born Transnistrian from a village near Grigoriopol. Guretskiy was replaced by Sergei Mikhailovich Stepanov on 22 April 2009.

Grigoriopol District
Grigoriopol District (Romanian: Raionul Grigoriopol; Russian: Григориопольский район; Ukrainian: Григоріопольський район) is an administrative district of Transnistria (de facto) in Moldova (de jure). It is located along the river Dniester, in the center of Transnsitria. Its seat is the city of Grigoriopol, located at 47°8′N 29°18′E﻿ / ﻿47.133°N 29.300°E﻿ / 47.133; 29.300, on the Dniester river. The district contains two cities/towns and 14 communes (a total of 31 localities, including small villages/hamlets):

According to the 2004 Census in Transnistria, the population of the sub-district is 48,000, including 31,085 (64.76%) Moldovans, 7,332 (15.28%) Ukrainians, 8,333 (17.36%) Russians, 123 (0.26%) Gagauzians, 240 (0.50%) Bulgarians, 13 (0.03%) Roma, 26 (0.05%) Jews, 100 (0.21%) Poles, 187 (0.39%) Belarusians, 327 (0.68%) Germans, 62 (0.13%) Armenians, and 139 (0.29%) others and non-declared.
Villa Romana di Patti
The Villa Romana di Patti is a large and elaborate Roman villa located in the comune of Patti in the province of Messina on Sicily.

It was the seat of a rich latifundium estate, which until its discovery had few known examples except for the Villa Romana del Casale.

Province of Messina
The province of Messina (Italian: provincia di Messina; Sicilian: pruvincia di Missina) was a province in the autonomous island region of Sicily, Italy. Its capital was the city of Messina. It was replaced by the Metropolitan City of Messina.
Moira, Ontario
Moira, Ontario is an unincorporated area in the municipality of Centre Hastings, Hastings County, Ontario, Canada. Moira is also the name of a signpost on the Canadian National Railway main line which passes through Hastings County, although it is not a passenger stop.

Moira is not a valid locality name for mail delivery. Canada Post's web site indicates that mail for at least some Moira addresses is handled through Roslin, Ontario.

Hastings County
Hastings County is a county and census division of the Canadian province of Ontario. Geographically, it is located on the border of Eastern Ontario and Central Ontario. Hastings County is the second-largest county in Ontario, after Renfrew County. Its county seat is Belleville, which is, along with Quinte West, independent of Hastings County.

Hastings County has trademarked the moniker "Cheese Capital of Canada".
2019 in Bangladesh
2019 (MMXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar, the 2019th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 19th  year of the 3rd millennium and the 21st century, and the  10th  and last year of the 2010s decade.

Events of 2019 in Bangladesh.
The year 2019 is the 48th year after the independence of Bangladesh. It is also the first year of the fourth term of the government of Sheikh Hasina.

Common year starting on Tuesday
A common year starting on Tuesday is any non-leap year (i.e. a year with 365 days) that begins on Tuesday, 1 January, and ends on Tuesday, 31 December. Its dominical letter hence is F. The most recent year of such kind was 2019, and the next one will be 2030, or, likewise, 2025 and 2031 in the obsolete Julian calendar, see below for more.

Any common year that starts on Tuesday has two Friday the 13ths: those two in this common year occur in September and December. Leap years starting on Monday share this characteristic. From July of the year preceding this year until September in this type of year is the longest period (14 months) that occurs without a Friday the 13th. Leap years starting on Saturday share this characteristic, from August of the common year that precedes it to October in that type of year.

This year has three months (June, September and December) which begin on a weekend-day.
Kingsbarns (Irish-bred horse)
Kingsbarns (20 February 2010 – 16 May 2018) was an Irish Thoroughbred racehorse who won the Racing Post Trophy in 2012 on his second career start.  He was owned by Mrs John Magnier, Michael Tabor and Derrick Smith and was trained by Aidan O'Brien.

Michael Tabor
Michael Barry Tabor (born 28 October 1941) is a British racehorse owner. As a partner in Coolmore Stud, he is one of only four racehorse owners to have won both the Epsom Derby  and the Kentucky Derby.

Tabor has extensive business interests outside of horse racing, spanning hotels, property and entertainment. Tabor regularly appears on the Sunday Times Rich List of the richest people in Britain. According to the Sunday Times Rich List in 2019 his net worth was estimated at £629 million.
Business process
A business process, business method, or business function is a collection of related, structured activities or tasks performed by people or equipment in which a specific sequence produces a service or product (that serves a particular business goal) for a particular customer or customers. Business processes occur at all organizational levels and may or may not be visible to the customers. A business process may often be visualized (modeled) as a flowchart of a sequence of activities with interleaving decision points or as a process matrix of a sequence of activities with relevance rules based on data in the process. The benefits of using business processes include improved customer satisfaction and improved agility for reacting to rapid market change. Process-oriented organizations break down the barriers of structural departments and try to avoid functional silos.

Flowchart
A flowchart is a type of diagram that represents a workflow or process. A flowchart can also be defined as a diagrammatic representation of an algorithm, a step-by-step approach to solving a task.

The flowchart shows the steps as boxes of various kinds, and their order by connecting the boxes with arrows. This diagrammatic representation illustrates a solution model to a given problem. Flowcharts are used in analyzing, designing, documenting or managing a process or program in various fields.
The Black Company (novel)
The Black Company, released in May 1984, is the first novel in Glen Cook's ongoing series The Black Company. The book combines elements of epic fantasy and dark fantasy as it describes the dealings of an elite mercenary unit, the Black Company, with the Lady, ruler of the Northern Empire.

Dark fantasy
Dark fantasy is a subgenre of literary, artistic, and cinematic fantasy works that incorporates disturbing and frightening themes. The term is ambiguously used to describe stories that combine horror elements with one or other of the standard formulas of fantasy.
Jim Kreider
James Andreas Kreider (June 24, 1955 – August 1, 2023) was an American Democratic Party politician who served as Speaker of the Missouri House of Representatives.

Kreider was born in Nuremberg, Germany.  He graduated from Nixa Public High School in 1973 and received a degree in agricultural business and economics from Southwest Missouri State University.

He was elected to the Missouri House of Representatives after redistricting in 1992, defeating longtime Republican legislator Don Gann. He was the first Democrat to represent Christian County, Missouri, since 1904 and the first Democrat to represent heavily Republican southwest Missouri since 1955.

He became Speaker pro tempore in 1997 and Speaker in 2001. In 2002, he ran for the 20th district seat in the Missouri Senate, losing to Republican Dan Clemens. To date, Kreider is the last Democrat to serve as Speaker of the Missouri House of Representatives.

Jim Kreider died on August 1, 2023 due to cancer at the age of 68.

Christian County, Missouri
Christian County is located in the southwestern part of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, its population was 88,842. Its county seat is Ozark. The county was organized in 1859 and is named after  Christian County, Kentucky, which in turn is named for William Christian, a Kentucky soldier of the American Revolutionary War.

Part of the Springfield, Missouri metropolitan statistical area, Christian County experienced rapid growth between 2000 and 2010, becoming the fastest-growing county in Missouri and one of the fastest in the nation, largely due to Springfield's expansion.
Allardville Parish
Allardville is a geographic parish in Gloucester County, New Brunswick, Canada,

It is divided for governance purposes into the town of Hautes-Terres in the east and the Chaleur rural district in the west. Hautes-Terres is a member of the Acadian Peninsula Regional Service Commission and the Chaleur RD is a member of the Chaleur RSC.

Prior to the 2023 governance reform, the Hautes-Terres portion formed the local service district of Saint-Sauveur, while the Chaleur RD portion formed the LSD of the parish of Allardville.

2023 New Brunswick local governance reform
Local governance reform in the Canadian province of New Brunswick was implemented on January 1, 2023. This resulted in a significant reorganization of the local government entities in the province, including a reduction in the number of entities from 340 to 89, consisting of 77 local governments and 12 rural districts nested within 12 regional service commissions. The local governance reform review was commenced by the Government of New Brunswick in January 2021 and was promoted as the most consequential restructuring of the local governance system since Premier Robichaud's Equal Opportunity Program.
Do You Believe Me Now (Vern Gosdin song)
"Do You Believe Me Now" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Vern Gosdin.  It was released in November 1987 as the first single from the album Chiseled in Stone.  The song reached #4 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.  Gosdin wrote the song with Max D. Barnes.

Chiseled in Stone (album)
Chiseled in Stone is the tenth studio album by American country music artist Vern Gosdin. It was released in 1988 via Columbia Records. The album peaked at number 7 on the Billboard Top Country Albums chart.
McClellanville Historic District
McClellanville Historic District is a national historic district located at McClellanville, Charleston County, South Carolina. The district encompasses 105 contributing buildings in the town of McClellanville dating from ca. 1860 to ca. 1935. They include residential, commercial, religious and educational building dating between about 1860 to 1935. Architectural styles include: Carpenter Gothic, Queen Anne, and Italianate. The commercial strip developed in the early 20th century and are of frame construction built directly on the road. Notable buildings include the King Brothers Store, McClellanville Public School, New Wappetaw Presbyterian Church (c. 1877), Bank of McClellanville (c. 1919), McClellanville Methodist Episcopal Church (c. 1902), and a number of dwellings originally built as summer homes by St. James Santee and Georgetown planters.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on March 23 1982.

Carpenter Gothic
Carpenter Gothic, also sometimes called Carpenter's Gothic or Rural Gothic, is a North American architectural style-designation for an application of Gothic Revival architectural detailing and picturesque massing applied to wooden structures built by house-carpenters. The abundance of North American timber and the carpenter-built vernacular architectures based upon it made a picturesque improvisation upon Gothic a natural evolution. Carpenter Gothic improvises upon features that were carved in stone in authentic Gothic architecture, whether original or in more scholarly revival styles; however, in the absence of the restraining influence of genuine Gothic structures, the style was freed to improvise and emphasize charm and quaintness rather than fidelity to received models. The genre received its impetus from the publication by Alexander Jackson Davis of Rural Residences and from detailed plans and elevations in publications by Andrew Jackson Downing.
Peronospora violacea
Peronospora violacea is a floricolous downy mildew which infects plants in the Caprifoliaceae. It has been reported from hosts in the genera Dipsacus, Knautia, Lomelosia, Scabiosa, and Succisa.

It produces conidiophores on the petals and styles of the host, oospores inside the petal and style tissue, and suppresses the development of the anthers. Infection is systemic, with hyphae produced in the xylem of the host rhizomes and stems.

In infected plants of Succisa pratensis the flowers have longer, pinker petals on which the conidophores are produced. However, other authors report that on the same host it causes the host corollas to be brownish and dead-looking.

Lomelosia
Lomelosia is a genus of flowering plant in the family Caprifoliaceae and the subfamily of	Dipsacoideae.
The genus includes over 50-63, perennial and annual species, diffused around the Mediterranean Sea, with the greatest diversity of species concentrated in the eastern Mediterranean and the Middle East (including the Arabian Peninsula), and also has a few species reaching as far east as China.

Morphologically, the genus accommodates all Scabiosa taxa with a pitted epicalyx. (an involucre (structure surrounding or supporting, usually a head of flowers) resembling an outer calyx (collective term for the sepals of the flower).

Some older books still list them under Scabiosa. or list both names together. Such as Scabiosa sicula L. [Lomelosia divaricata Jacq.) Greuter & Burdet].
Voltago Agordino
Voltago Agordino (Ladin: Oltach) is a village and comune  (municipality) in the Province of Belluno, Veneto Region of Northeast Italy. It is located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) north of Venice and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northwest of Belluno. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 973 and an area of 23.0 square kilometres (8.9 sq mi).

Voltago Agordino borders the following municipalities: Agordo, Gosaldo, Rivamonte Agordino, Taibon Agordino and Tonadico.

Province of Belluno
The province of Belluno (Italian: provincia di Belluno; Austrian German: provinz Belluno; Ladin: provinzia de Belum) is a province in the region of Veneto in Italy. Its capital is the city of Belluno.

It has a population of 197,708 in an area of 3,610 square kilometres (1,390 mi2) across its 61 municipalities.
Samuel Kamau Macharia
Samuel Kamau Macharia (born 1942), also known as S.K. Macharia, is a Kenyan entrepreneur and media proprietor who serves as the founder and chairman of Royal Media Services, one of Kenya's largest private radio and television networks, with flagship outlets including Citizen TV and Radio Citizen.

In a 2012 feature, Forbes Africa described Macharia as "Africa’s Ted Turner," referencing his impact on the region's media industry through Royal Media Services.He was also honoured with the 2015 Eastern Africa Ernst and Young Entrepreneur Lifetime Achievement Award.

University of Nairobi
The University of Nairobi (uonbi or UoN; Swahili: Chuo Kikuu cha Nairobi) is a collegiate research university based in Nairobi and is the largest university in Kenya. Although its history as an educational institution dates back to 1956, it did not become an independent university until 1970. During that year, the University of East Africa was split into three independent universities: the Makerere University in Uganda, the University of Dar es Salaam in Tanzania, and the University of Nairobi in Kenya.

During the 2023 academic year, the university had 49,047 students, of whom 35,897 were undergraduates and 11,003 were postgraduates. The university launched several policy frameworks and introduced self-funded enrollment (also called 'module 2') to cope with the rising demand for higher education in Kenya.
Omaha Claim Club
The Omaha Claim Club, also called the Omaha Township Claim Association and the Omaha Land Company, was organized in 1854 for the purpose of "encouraging the building of a city" and protecting members' claims in the area platted for Omaha City in the Nebraska Territory. At its peak the club included "one or two hundred men", including several important pioneers in Omaha history. The Club included notable figures important to the early development of Omaha.  It was disbanded after a ruling against their violent methods by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1860 in Baker v. Morton.

Thomas B. Cuming
Thomas B. Cuming (December 25, 1827 – March 12, 1858) was an American military officer and politician.  He served as the first Secretary of Nebraska Territory and served twice as the territory's Acting Governor, the first time following the death of Francis Burt and the second following the resignation of Mark W. Izard.
Lucky Core Industries
Lucky Core Industries Limited, formerly known as ICI Pakistan, is a Pakistani conglomerate company headquartered in Karachi. It manufactures polyester, pharmaceutical, agrochemical, soda ash, and veterinary medicine.

Sheikhupura
Sheikhupura (Punjabi / Urdu: شیخوپورہ; pronounced [ʃeːxuˈpuːɾäː]) also known as Qila Sheikhupura, is a city and district in the Pakistani province of Punjab. Founded by the Mughal Emperor Jahangir in 1607, Sheikhupura is the 15th largest city of Pakistan by population and is the headquarters of Sheikhupura District. The city is an industrial centre and satellite town, and is located about 38 km northwest of Lahore. It also borders Sialkot, Gujranwala, Nankana Sahib and Kasur districts of Punjab, Pakistan.
In Person Friday and Saturday Nights at the Blackhawk, Complete
In Person Friday and Saturday Nights at the Blackhawk, Complete, also called The Complete Blackhawk, is a 2003 four-CD boxset of the 1961 live performances of the Miles Davis Quintet at the Black Hawk nightclub in San Francisco.

Ralph J. Gleason
Ralph Joseph Gleason (March 1, 1917 – June 3, 1975) was an American music critic and columnist. He contributed for many years to the San Francisco Chronicle, was a founding editor of Rolling Stone magazine, and cofounder of the Monterey Jazz Festival. A pioneering jazz and rock critic, he helped the San Francisco Chronicle transition into the rock era.
Allen station (Texas Electric Railway)
Allen station was established as a wood frame farmhouse servicing the Texas Electric Railway interurban rail line from Dallas, Texas to Sherman, Texas in 1908. The Texas Interurban Railway routed hourly passenger railcars or streetcars for access to the Dallas business district and Dallas Farmers Market district. The electric rail supported two freight delivery services transporting mail, parcel post packages, and produce from the 6 A.M. to 6 P.M. hours incorporating the North Texas vicinity.

In 1912, the Texas Traction Company purchased the property constructing a new building for railway station services. By 1913, the depot was completed as a brick and mortar structure with continuation of full railway services from Dallas to Sherman. In 1917, the railway was entitled the Texas Electric Railway with service extended from Denison, Texas to Waco, Texas. The Texas Electric Railway abandoned the rail line and discontinued the rail services by 1948.

Farmers Market District, Dallas
The Farmers Market District is an area in southeastern downtown Dallas, Texas (USA). It lies south of the Main Street District, north of the Cedars, west of Deep Ellum, northeast of the Convention Center District, and southeast of the Government District.
Leo Mazzone
Leo David Mazzone (born October 16, 1948) is an American former pitcher in minor league baseball and pitching coach in Major League Baseball. He worked with the Atlanta Braves' organization from 1979 to 2005 and was the pitching coach for the Baltimore Orioles from 2006 to 2007. He last served as the Special Pitching Advisor for the Furman University baseball program before it was shut down in 2020.

Furman Paladins
The Furman Paladins are the varsity athletic teams representing Furman University in Greenville, South Carolina, in intercollegiate athletics.

Furman competes in NCAA Division I athletics and is one of the smallest NCAA Division I schools in the nation. The university sponsors sixteen teams including football, women's lacrosse, men and women's basketball, cross country, golf, soccer, tennis, softball, track and field, and volleyball; and recently discontinued baseball and men's lacrosse. The Paladins are currently members of the Southern Conference. The university also fields 16 club sports and many intramural teams.

In 2018, Furman placed in the top 75 best colleges in the NACDA Directors' Cup Division I Final Standings, being the only liberal arts college in the US and only member of the Southern Conference to do so. In the 2019–2020 season, Furman finished in 32nd place in the NACDA Director's Cup Final Fall Standings.
Bethel Royals football
The Bethel Royals football program represents Bethel University of Arden Hills, Minnesota in college football. Bethel competes at the NCAA Division III level as members of the Minnesota Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (MIAC). The head coach of the Royals is Mike McElroy, who has held the position since 2024.

Bethel plays its home games at Royal Stadium, located on the campus in Arden Hills, Minnesota. Royal Stadium was built in 1995 and renovated in 2001 and 2021.

Bethel University (Minnesota)
Bethel University is a private Baptist  university and seminary in Arden Hills, Minnesota, United States.

It was founded in 1871 as a seminary and is affiliated with Converge. The university enrolls 5,600 students in undergraduate, graduate, and seminary programs. Its main campus is situated on about 290 acres on the east side of Lake Valentine, just south of Interstate 694.
Naseem Hamed vs. Vuyani Bungu
Naseem Hamed vs. Vuyani Bungu, billed as Capital Punishment, was a professional boxing match contested on 11 March 2000, for the WBO and Lineal featherweight championship. The bout took place at the London Olympia.

Vuyani Bungu
Vuyani Bungu (born 26 February 1967) is a South African former professional boxer who competed from 1987 to 2005. He held the IBF junior-featherweight title from 1994 to 1999, and the IBO featherweight title from 2004 to 2005.