hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2019 United States hepatitis A outbreak
The 2019 United States hepatitis A outbreak was an occurrence of several declared outbreaks of the disease, hepatitis A, peaking in locations in the United States including substantial instances in the states of Kentucky, Mississippi, Florida, and the city of Philadelphia, as well as an isolated food-related occurrence in New Jersey. The hepatitis A outbreaks have been reported as early as 2016. As of October 2019, over 26,000 cases and 268 deaths were reported, with the largest number occurring in Kentucky, with over 4,000 cases.

Disease outbreak
In epidemiology, an outbreak is a sudden increase in occurrences of a disease when cases are in excess of normal expectancy for the location or season. It may affect a small and localized group or impact upon thousands of people across an entire continent. The number of cases varies according to the disease-causing agent, and the size and type of previous and existing exposure to the agent. Outbreaks include many epidemics, which is a term normally only used for infectious diseases, as well as diseases with an environmental origin, such as a water or foodborne disease.  They may affect a region in a country or a group of countries. Pandemics are near-global disease outbreaks when multiple and various countries around the Earth are soon infected.
2010 UFL draft
The 2010 UFL draft was the second draft of the United Football League. The draft took place on Wednesday, June 2, beginning at 7 p.m. EDT. The draft was held over a period of 12 rounds during which each of the five UFL teams was allowed one pick per round, in reverse order of 2009 finish, with the expansion Omaha Nighthawks picking first and the champion Las Vegas Locomotives picking last in each round. In Rounds 7–12, the selection order rotated forward each round. During rounds one and two, each team had five minutes to make their selection of a player. During rounds three through twelve, each team had three minutes to make their selection of a player. The round-by-round results were announced via each team's official Twitter feed.

Players selected in the draft remain on each team's reserve/unsigned list until formally added to the roster by virtue of a negotiated contract.

Las Vegas Locomotives
The Las Vegas Locomotives (called the Locos for short) were a professional American football team based in Las Vegas, Nevada that played in the United Football League. The team played their home games at Sam Boyd Stadium, home field for the University of Nevada, Las Vegas. Jim Fassel was the franchise's head coach, president, and general manager. The Locomotives appeared in all three UFL championship games, winning both the 2009 and 2010 iterations; the Locos were also the last of the four charter UFL franchises to remain in their original home city, to retain their original head coach, and to have played all of their home games at the same venue.
Tundu Lissu
Tundu Antiphas Mughwai Lissu (born 20 January 1968 in Ikungi district, Singida) is a Tanzanian lawyer, CHADEMA politician, anti-corruption activist and former Member of Parliament for Singida East constituency between 2010 and 2020. He is the current chairman of CHADEMA, Tanzania's leading opposition political party.

He is also the former president of Tanganyika Law Society (TLS), the bar association of Tanzania mainland, and a Chairperson of the major opposition party Chadema since 21 January 2025.

National Assembly (Tanzania)
The National Assembly of Tanzania (Swahili: Bunge la Tanzania) and the President of the United Republic of Tanzania make up the Parliament of Tanzania. The current Speaker of the National Assembly is Mussa Zungu, who presides over a unicameral assembly of 403 members.
Richard Kilvington
Richard Kilvington (c. 1302-1361) was an English scholastic theologian and philosopher at the University of Oxford. His surviving works are lecture notes from the 1320s and 1330s. He was a Fellow of Oriel College, Oxford. He was involved in a controversy over the nature of the infinite, with Richard FitzRalph, of Balliol College.

In the 1340s he worked for Richard of Bury, bishop of Durham.

Infinity (philosophy)
In philosophy and theology, infinity is explored in articles under headings such as the Absolute, God, and Zeno's paradoxes.

In Greek philosophy, for example in Anaximander, 'the Boundless' is the origin of all that is. He took the beginning or first principle to be an endless, unlimited primordial mass (ἄπειρον, apeiron). The Jain metaphysics and mathematics were the first to define and delineate different "types" of infinities. The work of the mathematician Georg Cantor first placed infinity into a coherent mathematical framework. Keenly aware of his departure from traditional wisdom, Cantor also presented a comprehensive historical and philosophical discussion of infinity. In Christian theology, for example in the work of Duns Scotus, the infinite nature of God invokes a sense of being without constraint, rather than a sense of being unlimited in quantity.
Alan J. Higgins
Alan Joel Higgins (sometimes credited as Al Higgins and Alan Higgins) is an American television writer and producer.

Higgins was born in Des Moines, Iowa, and is the brother of actor David Anthony Higgins and Saturday Night Live assistant producer/The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon announcer Steve Higgins.

He was a writer and associate producer of the television series Malcolm in the Middle for the first three seasons, and came back as a creative consultant for season seven.

Higgins' other television credits include the first three seasons of NewsRadio, 'Til Death, Cracking Up, In the Motherhood, Cavemen, Doug, 100 Questions, Big Lake, Mike & Molly and Bob Hearts Abishola.

Big Lake (TV series)
Big Lake is an American sitcom on Comedy Central that debuted on August 17, 2010, and ran for one season. The series was originally designed as a vehicle for Jon Heder, but Heder left the project shortly before production started and was replaced with Chris Gethard. The series was picked up using a similar model as Tyler Perry's House of Payne and Meet The Browns with an initial 10 episode order by Comedy Central, with an option to pick up the series for an additional 90 episodes, to have 100 episodes available for syndication. The deal was not picked up after Comedy Central passed on a second season.
Arthur Dobson (cricketer)
Arthur Dobson (22 February 1854 – 17 September 1932) was an English first-class cricketer, who played two matches for Yorkshire in 1879, against the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) and Surrey.  A right-handed batsman and right arm medium pacer, he scored one run in his three innings, and did not get a bowl.

Born in Ilkley, Yorkshire, England, Dobson died in September 1932 in Horsforth, Leeds, Yorkshire.

Ilkley
Ilkley is a spa town and civil parish in the City of Bradford in West Yorkshire, in Northern England. Historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, Ilkley civil parish includes the adjacent village of Ben Rhydding and is a ward within the City of Bradford. Approximately 12 miles (19 km) north of Bradford and 17 miles (27 km) north-west of Leeds, the town lies mainly on the south bank of the River Wharfe in Wharfedale, one of the Yorkshire Dales.

Ilkley's spa town heritage and surrounding countryside make tourism an important local industry. The town centre is characterised by Victorian architecture, wide streets and floral displays. Ilkley Moor, to the south of the town, is the subject of a folk song, often described as the unofficial anthem of Yorkshire, "On Ilkla Moor Baht 'at". The song's words are written in Yorkshire dialect: its title translated is "On Ilkley Moor without a hat".
Museum Luas stop
Museum  (Irish: Ard-Mhúsaem) is a stop on the Luas light-rail tram system in Dublin, Ireland.  It opened in 2004 as a stop on the Red Line.  The stop is located between Croppies' Acre (a small memorial park) and the National Museum of Ireland – Decorative Arts and History.  It also provides access to the Arbour Hill Prison.  It has two edge platforms.  Northbound trams leave the stop and travel east through the streets of Dublin city centre to Connolly or The Point.  Southbound trams leave the stop and turn left, crossing the River Liffey on Seán Heuston Bridge, before calling at  Heuston on their way to Tallaght or Saggart.

Seán Heuston Bridge
Seán Heuston Bridge (Irish: Droichead Seán Heuston) is a cast iron bridge spanning the River Liffey beside Heuston station in Dublin, Ireland. Originally named King's Bridge and later Sarsfield Bridge, the bridge, which previously used for road traffic, now carries pedestrian and Luas (tram) traffic.
Pastafazoola
"Pastafazoola" (also known as "Pastafazula") is a 1927 novelty song written by the early 20th-century American songwriting duo of Van and Schenck. Borrowing heavily from the Italian standard "Funiculì, Funiculà", the song tells of the masterful feats of world-leading individuals who ate the traditional Italian dish pasta e fagioli, which is simple peasant food of pasta and navy beans. Among the individuals mentioned in the song are Babe Ruth, who had hit a record 60 home runs during the 1927 season, singer John McCormack, John D. Rockefeller, Jack Dempsey, Charles Lindbergh, Christopher Columbus and Benito Mussolini.

Van and Schenck recorded the song, as did The Happiness Boys, who used a humorous fake Italian accent.  The latter recorded it on October 13, 1927, in New York City for the Victor Talking Machine Company, which issued it as Victor record number 20925.

John McCormack (tenor)
Count John Francis McCormack (14 June 1884 – 16 September 1945), was an Irish lyric tenor celebrated for his performances of the operatic and popular song repertoires, and renowned for his diction and breath control. He was also a Papal Count. McCormack became a naturalised American citizen before returning to live in Ireland.
Nazario Luque
Nazario Luque Vera (born January 3, 1944), known simply as Nazario, is a Spanish comics artist and painter, considered "the father of Spanish underground comics", and one of the most prominent names of gay comics, along with Tom of Finland and Ralf König. A countercultural artist par excellence and a key figure of the Barcelona movida of the 1970s and 1980s, he portrayed the underworld of a rogue Barcelona in Anarcoma, his most popular series.  He has also been noted for "renewing the most typical forms of Andalusian culture".

La Movida Madrileña
La Movida Madrileña (Spanish: [moˈβiða maðɾiˈleɲa], The Madrilenian Scene), also known as La Movida,  was a countercultural movement that took place mainly in Madrid during the Spanish transition to democracy after the death of dictator Francisco Franco in 1975. The movement coincided with economic growth in Spain and a widespread desire for the development of a post-Francoist identity. The Concierto homenaje a Canito (Canito Memorial Concert), which took place on February 9, 1980, is traditionally considered the beginning of La Movida Madrileña.

La Movida Madrileña featured a rise in punk rock and synth-pop music, an openness regarding sexual expression and drug usage, and the emergence of new dialects such as cheli. This hedonistic cultural wave started in Madrid before appearing in other Spanish cities such as Barcelona, Bilbao and Vigo.
Mr. 3-2
Christopher Juel Barriere (July 11, 1972 – November 10, 2016), professionally known as 3-2, was an American rapper and a member of southern hip hop groups Convicts, Blac Monks, Southside Playaz and Screwed Up Click. He achieved success through his association with Rap-A-Lot Records. He was also known to be an influence on Snoop Dogg when he was just starting and became affiliated with Death Row Records in the early 1990’s with Convicts partner Big Mike. Barriere was fatally shot in the head at a gas station in Houston.

Southern hip-hop
Southern hip-hop, also known as Southern rap, South Coast hip-hop, or dirty south, is a blanket term for a regional genre of American hip-hop music that emerged in the Southern United States, especially in Georgia, Texas, Louisiana, Tennessee, and Florida—often titled "The Big 5," five states which constitute the "Southern Network" in rap music.

The music was a reaction to the 1980s flow of hip-hop culture from New York City and the Los Angeles area and can be considered the third major American hip-hop scene, alongside East Coast and West Coast hip-hop. Many early Southern rap artists released their music independently or on mixtapes after encountering difficulty securing record-label contracts in the 1990s. By the early 2000s, many Southern artists had attained success, and as the decade went on, both mainstream and underground varieties of Southern hip-hop became among the most popular and influential of the entire genre.
Cyamelide
Cyamelide is an amorphous white solid with the approximate formula (HNCO)x.  It is the product of the  polymerisation of cyanic acid together with its cyclic trimer cyanuric acid. It is a porcelain-like white substance which is insoluble in water.

Amorphous solid
In condensed matter physics and materials science, an amorphous solid (or non-crystalline solid) is a solid that lacks the long-range order that is a characteristic of a crystal. The terms "glass" and "glassy solid" are sometimes used synonymously with amorphous solid; however, these terms refer specifically to amorphous materials that undergo a glass transition. Examples of amorphous solids include glasses, metallic glasses, and certain types of plastics and polymers.
Babushkinsky District
Babushkinsky District is the name of several administrative and municipal districts in Russia.

Babushkinsky District, Moscow, a district in North-Eastern Administrative Okrug of Moscow

Babushkinsky District (Moscow, 1969—1991) a different, former district in Moscow

Babushkinsky District, Vologda Oblast, an administrative and municipal district of Vologda Oblast

Babushkinsky District, Vologda Oblast
Babushkinsky District (Russian: Ба́бушкинский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-six in Vologda Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southeast of the oblast and borders with Nyuksensky District in the north, Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky District in the northeast, Nikolsky District in the east, Kologrivsky and Chukhlomsky Districts of Kostroma Oblast in the south, and with Totemsky District in the west. The area of the district is 7,761 square kilometers (2,997 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of imeni Babushkina. District's population: 12,779 (2010 Census); 14,994 (2002 Census); 18,037 (1989 Soviet census). The population of imeni Babushkina accounts for 31.6% of the district's population.
Gurken localisation signal
mRNA localization is a common mode of posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression that targets a protein to  its  site  of  function.
Proteins are highly dependent on cellular environments for stability and function, therefore, mRNA localization signals are crucial for maintaining protein function. The Gurken localisation signal is an RNA regulatory element conserved across many species of Drosophila. The element consists of an RNA stem loop within the coding region of the messenger RNA that forms a signal for dynein-mediated Gurken mRNA transport to the dorsoanterior cap near the nucleus of the oocyte.

Dynein
Dyneins are a family of cytoskeletal motor proteins (though they are actually protein complexes) that move along microfilaments in cells. They convert the chemical energy stored in ATP to mechanical work. Dynein transports various cellular cargos, provides forces and displacements important in mitosis, and drives the beat of eukaryotic cilia and flagella. All of these functions rely on dynein's ability to move towards the minus-end of the microtubules, known as retrograde transport; thus, they are called "minus-end directed motors". In contrast, most kinesin motor proteins move toward the microtubules' plus-end, in what is called anterograde transport.
Battle of Nanpeng Archipelago
The Battle of Nanpeng Archipelago was fought between the Chinese nationalists and the communists over the islands of the Nanpeng Archipelago off the Cantonese coast.  The Nanpeng Archipelago is a small island chain in Nan'ao County off the coast of Shantou, and is named after the largest island, Nanpeng island (Nánpēng Dǎo, 南澎岛), home to a fishing community of more than 400 people.  The archipelago was deemed not important for most of the Chinese Civil War and the nationalists therefore did not deploy any troops on the island, and when Guangdong fell into the communist hands, the archipelago also fell.  The communists believed the same thing the nationalists had believed and did not deploy any troops to the archipelago either after the nationalists withdrew, but small patrol teams of 2 to 3 were regularly sent to many of the islands.

Nan'ao County
Nan'ao (simplified Chinese: 南澳县; traditional Chinese: 南澳縣; pinyin: Nán'ào Xiàn), formerly romanized Namoa, is an island and county of the prefecture-level city of Shantou in Guangdong Province, China. The county spans a land area of 114.74 square kilometres (44.30 sq mi), and sea area of 4,600 square kilometres (1,800 sq mi). As of 2020, the county had a permanent population of approximately 64,429.
Suzuki Wagon R Smile
The Suzuki Wagon R Smile (Japanese: ワゴンRスマイル)  is a kei car manufactured and sold by Suzuki. It is a different series model based from the Wagon R, with which it is sold in parallel as of 2023.

The Wagon R Smile was announced on 27 August 2021 as a retro-styled kei car with sliding doors, expanding the Wagon R range. The name Smile was originally trademarked by Honda in 1995 and had been used on a scooter in the 1980s, but Honda consented to Suzuki using the name as long as it is in conjunction with "Wagon R" - meaning that Smile cannot become a standalone model name for Suzuki.

Sliding door (car)
A sliding door is a type of door that is mounted on or suspended from a track for the door to slide, usually horizontally and outside. It is a feature predominantly found in minibuses, buses, minivans and vans, so as to allow a large unobstructed access to the interior for loading and unloading of passengers or cargo without the doors interfering with adjacent space.
Gutenstein Alps
The Gutenstein Alps (German: Gutensteiner Alpen) are a mountain range in the Eastern Alps in Central Europe, and the northeasternmost part of the Northern Limestone Alps, reaching heights over 1,000 m.

Traisen (river)
The Traisen (German pronunciation: [ˈtʀaɪ̯zn̩] ⓘ, pronunciation in local German dialect [ˈtʀaːzn̩] ⓘ) is a river in Lower Austria. Its drainage basin is 915 km2 (353 sq mi).

The Traisen is formed from the rivers Türnitzer Traisen and Unrechttraisen. Its total length, including the Türnitzer Traisen, is 82.6 km (51.3 mi). It is a tributary of the Danube in the Lower Austrian region of Mostviertel. Its two sources begin near St. Aegyd am Neuwalde and Türnitz respectively. After meeting, they flow through the municipalities of Türnitz, Lilienfeld, Traisen, Wilhelmsburg, and St. Pölten, before meeting the Danube at Traismauer. In the course of building the Danube power station Altenwörth, the mouth of the Traisen was relocated to Altenwörth in the municipality of Kirchberg am Wagram.

During a period of extremely high water in July 1997, parts of numerous municipalities along the Traisen, as well as the government quarter of the state capital St. Pölten, were greatly flooded.
Anorak (album)
Anorak is the second album by the band Ruth. They completed recording this album in May 2008 and is their most successful album to date. It was released on October 28, 2008 through Tooth & Nail Records. The lead single "Back to the Five" has become a minor hit in Christian radio. There is a music video for the song as well. The video placed on the X 2009 DVD Christian rock hits compilation.

X the album
The X series is a collection of compilation albums and DVDs released by BEC Recordings promoting Christian rock music from bands signed to Capitol Christian Music Group, specifically Tooth & Nail Records, Solid State Records, Gotee Records, ForeFront Records, Sparrow Records, Fervent Records, Flicker Records, Essential Records, Inpop Records and INO Records. The color of 'X' 2012 was red-orange and was released on April 3, 2012.
Sidalcea campestris
Sidalcea campestris is a species of flowering plant in the mallow family known by the common name meadow checker-mallow. It is native only to portions of western Oregon, in the Pacific Northwest region of North America.

Malvaceae
Malvaceae (/mælˈveɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/), or the mallows, is a family of flowering plants estimated to contain 244 genera with 4225 known species. Well-known members of economic importance include cacao, cola, cotton, okra, roselle and durian. There are also some genera containing familiar ornamentals, such as Alcea (hollyhock), Malva (mallow), and Tilia (lime or linden tree). The genera with the largest numbers of species include Hibiscus (434 species), Pavonia (291 species), Sida (275 species), Ayenia (216 species), Dombeya (197 species), and Sterculia (181 species).
Superman and Spider-Man
Superman and Spider-Man is an intercompany comic book jointly published by DC Comics and Marvel Comics in July 1981. Number 28 (and final) in the Marvel Treasury Edition series, it is a sequel to 1976's Superman vs. the Amazing Spider-Man.

Like the earlier Superman - Spider-Man crossover, the issue is noncanonical, as it assumes that the heroes and their respective cities of residence, Metropolis and New York, exist in the same universe. There is one brief reference to the earlier crossover story, when Peter Parker sees Lois Lane in Metropolis and recalls meeting her previously in New York.

A third and fourth crossover were announced in 2025. The third, Superman/Spider-Man  will be published by DC on March 26, 2026.  The fourth, Spider-Man/Superman will be published by Marvel in April 2026.

Crossover (fiction)
A crossover is the placement of two or more otherwise discrete fictional characters, settings, or universes into the context of a single story. They can arise from legal agreements between the relevant copyright holders (known as intercompany crossovers), common corporate ownership or unofficial efforts by fans.

This is different from a spoof, where one discrete character, setting, or universe, copies another character, setting, or universe, often in a comedic manner.