hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Emil Stanisław Rappaport
Emil Stanisław Rappaport (8 July 1877 – 10 August 1965) was a Polish lawyer of Jewish descent. He was a specialist in criminal law and a founder of the doctrine of international criminal law. In 1930, he was awarded the Order of Polonia Restituta Commander's Cross with Star, Poland's second highest civilian state award. He was the son of Feliks Rappaport and Justyna Bauerertz.

International criminal law
International criminal law (ICL) is a body of public international law designed to prohibit certain categories of conduct commonly viewed as serious atrocities and to make perpetrators of such conduct criminally accountable for their perpetration. The core crimes under international law are genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and the crime of aggression.

Classical international law governs the relationships, rights, and responsibilities of states. After World War II, the Charter of the International Military Tribunal and the following Nuremberg trial revolutionized international law by applying its prohibitions directly to individuals, in this case the defeated leaders of Nazi Germany, thus inventing international criminal law. After being dormant for decades, international criminal law was revived in the 1990s to address the war crimes in the Yugoslav Wars and the Rwandan genocide, leading to the establishment of a permanent International Criminal Court in 2001.
Guido I da Montefeltro
Guido da Montefeltro (1223 – 29 September 1298) was an Italian military strategist and lord of Urbino. He became a friar late in life, and was condemned by Dante Alighieri in his Divine Comedy for giving false or fraudulent counsel.

Urbino
Urbino (UK: /ɜːrˈbiːnoʊ/ ur-BEE-noh, Italian: [urˈbiːno] ⓘ; Romagnol: Urbìn) is a comune (municipality) in the Italian region of Marche, southwest of Pesaro, a World Heritage Site notable for a remarkable historical legacy of independent Renaissance culture, especially under the patronage of Federico da Montefeltro, duke of Urbino from 1444 to 1482.

The town, nestled on a high sloping hillside, retains much of its picturesque medieval aspect. It hosts the University of Urbino, founded in 1506, and is the seat of the Archbishop of Urbino. Its best-known architectural piece is the Palazzo Ducale, rebuilt by Luciano Laurana.
Inter IKEA Foundation
Inter IKEA Foundation is a foundation registered in Liechtenstein as a Unternehmensstiftung (German: [ʊntɐˈneːmənsˌʃtɪftʊŋ], literally in English: "enterprise foundation"). Its office is located in Vaduz, Liechtenstein. It owns Inter IKEA Holding B.V., registered in the Netherlands, which through its subsidiary Inter IKEA Systems controls the intellectual property of the IKEA brand. Through its subsidiaries, the foundation collects franchise fees of 3% on sales of all IKEA products and also conducts investment activities. In 2011, it was reported that the foundation controlled assets valued at US$15 billion.

Franchise fee
A franchise fee is a fee or charge that one party, the franchisee, pays another party, the franchisor, for the right to enter in a franchise  agreement. Generally by paying the franchise fee a franchisee receives the rights to sell goods or services, under the franchisor's trademarks, as well as access to the franchisor's business processes. Often, the franchisee fee includes some assistance from the franchisor in opening the franchised business.

The fee typically consists of a lump sump payment plus ongoing royalties which are typically 5-10% of turnover.
Waldsteinia fragarioides
Waldsteinia fragarioides (syn. Dalibarda fragarioides Michx. and Geum fragarioides,  also called Appalachian barren strawberry, or just barren strawberry, is a low, spreading plant with showy yellow flowers that appear in early spring. This plant is often used as an underplanting in perennial gardens.

In some ways the appearance is similar to other low plants of the rose family such as Fragaria (strawberries) or Potentilla indica (Indian strawberry), but it lacks runners and has more rounded leaves.

It is native to eastern North America, from Minnesota, Ontario, Quebec, and Maine south to Indiana and Pennsylvania (and as far south as North Carolina in the mountains).

It is evergreen.

André Michaux
André Michaux (Pronounced → ahn-dray mee-show; sometimes anglicised as Andrew Michaud; 8 March 1746 – 11 October 1802) was a French botanist and explorer. He is most noted for his study of North American flora. In addition Michaux collected specimens in England, Spain, France, and even Persia. His work was part of a larger European effort to gather knowledge about the natural world. Michaux's contributions include Histoire des chênes de l'Amérique (1801; "The Oaks of North America") and Flora Boreali-Americana (1803; "The Flora of North America") which continued to be botanical references well into the 19th century. His son, François André Michaux, also became an authoritative botanist.
Johann Nepomuk Schnabl
Johann Nepomuk Schnabl (5 October 1853 in Moosburg – 16 June 1899 in Munich) was a German schoolteacher and mycologist.

He worked as a schoolteacher in the communities of Zolling, Freising and Sendling (from 1877). In 1896 he was named head instructor at the "Höheren-Töchterschule" in Munich.

With mycologist Andreas Allescher, he edited the exsiccata Fungi Bavarici (no. 1 - no. 700). In 1892 he published Mykologische Beiträge zur Flora Bayerns (Mycological contribution to Bavarian flora").

He was the binomial authority of the fungi species Cryptomela allescheri, Curreya rehmii, Diplodia caraganae and Diplodia coluteae. Mycological taxa with the specific epithet of schnablianum commemorates his name; examples being Belonidium schnablianum (Rehm, 1896) and Fusarium schnablianum (Allesch., 1895).

Sendling
Sendling (German pronunciation: [ˈzɛntlɪŋ] ⓘ) is a borough of Munich. It is located south-west of the city centre and spans the city boroughs Sendling and Sendling-Westpark. Sendling is subdivided into Obersendling, Mittersendling, and Untersendling. Untersendling and Mittersendling are located in the borough of Sendling, and Obersendling is located in the borough of Thalkirchen-Obersendling-Forstenried-Fürstenried-Solln.
Addie McCain
Addison Taylor McCain (born August 28, 1998) is an American professional soccer player who plays as a midfielder for USL Super League club Lexington SC. She played college soccer for the Texas A&M Aggies and was named the SEC Midfielder of the Year in 2020. She was drafted by the Kansas City Current in the second round of the 2021 NWSL Draft. After two years there, she joined the Chicago Red Stars before moving to Fort Lauderdale United for the inaugural USL Super League season. In 2025, after earning first-team All-League honors, she was traded to Lexington SC for a league record transfer fee.

USL Super League awards
The USL Super League, a professional women's soccer league in the United States that began play in 2024, presents various annual and monthly honors to individual players. Some awards, such as Player of the Year, are voted by clubs' technical staffs, while others such as the Golden Boot go to the leaders in various statistical categories.
Agranular cortex
Agranular cortex is a cytoarchitecturally defined term denoting the type of heterotypic cortex that is distinguished by its relative thickness and lack of granule cells. Examples are Brodmann area 30, the agranular insula, and the precentral gyrus, the site of the primary motor cortex. An area of cortex that is only slightly granulated is termed dysgranular.

Cytoarchitecture
Cytoarchitecture (from Greek κύτος 'cell' and ἀρχιτεκτονική 'architecture'), also known as cytoarchitectonics, is the study of the cellular composition of the central nervous system's tissues under the microscope. Cytoarchitectonics is one of the ways to parse the brain, by obtaining sections of the brain using a microtome and staining them with chemical agents which reveal where different neurons are located.

The study of the parcellation of nerve fibers (primarily axons) into layers forms the subject of myeloarchitectonics (from Greek μυελός 'marrow' and ἀρχιτεκτονική 'architecture'), an approach complementary to cytoarchitectonics.
Gonzalo Moreno Arévalo
Gonzalo Moreno Arévalo (born 21 August 1958) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). 
In the 2003 mid-terms he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies 
to represent Jalisco's 6th district during the 59th session of Congress.

LIX Legislature of the Mexican Congress
The LIX Legislature (59th session) of the Congress of Mexico met from September 2003 to August 2006. All members of the lower house (Chamber of Deputies) were elected in the elections of July 2003 while members of the upper house (Senate) were elected in the elections of July 2000.
William Douglas (Canadian politician)
William Douglas was a farmer, lumber merchant and political figure in New Brunswick, Canada. He represented Charlotte County in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick from 1886 to 1892 as a Conservative member.

He was born in Saint Andrews, New Brunswick and educated in Saint Stephen. In 1865, he married Sarah Eldridge. Douglas ran unsuccessfully for a seat in the provincial assembly in 1882. He served ten years as county councillor.

St. Stephen, New Brunswick
St. Stephen is a Canadian town in Charlotte County, New Brunswick, situated on the east bank of the St. Croix River around the intersection of New Brunswick Route 170 and the southern terminus of New Brunswick Route 3.  The St. Croix River marks a section of the Canada–United States border, forming a natural border between Calais, Maine and St. Stephen. U.S. Route 1 parallels the St. Croix river for a few miles, and is accessed from St. Stephen by three cross-border bridges.

On 1 January 2023, St. Stephen annexed all or part of seven local service districts and was renamed the Municipal District of St. Stephen, retaining town status. Revised census figures have not been released.
Tony Morphett
Anthony David Morphett (10 March 1938 – 2 June 2018) was an Australian screenwriter, who created or co-created many Australian television series, including Dynasty, Certain Women, Sky Trackers, Blue Heelers, Water Rats, Above the Law and Rain Shadow. Morphett wrote eight novels, and wrote or co-wrote seven feature films, ten telemovies, twelve mini-series, and hundreds of episodes of television drama, as well as devising or co-devising seven TV series. He won 14 industry awards for TV screenwriting.

The Last Wave
The Last Wave (also released in the United States as Black Rain) is a 1977 Australian mystery drama film directed and co-written by Peter Weir, starring Richard Chamberlain, Olivia Hamnett and David Gulpilil (billed as “Gulpilil”). It is about a white solicitor in Sydney whose seemingly normal life is disrupted after he takes on a murder case and discovers that he shares a strange, mystical connection with the small group of local Aboriginal people accused of the crime.

Released by United Artists on December 13, 1977, it received positive reviews from critics and was nominated for seven AFI Awards, including Best Direction, Best Original Screenplay, and Best Actor for Chamberlain. It is considered one of the major works of the Australian New Wave.
2024 Women's Junior Pan American Championship
The 2024 Women's Junior Pan American Championship was the 11th edition of the Women's Pan American Junior Championship, the biennial women's international under-21 field hockey championship of the Americas, organised by the Pan American Hockey Federation. It was held alongside the men's tournament from 3 to 12 July 2024 in Surrey, Canada.

Argentina won their eighth title by defeating the defending champions the United States 3–1 in the final. Chile won the bronze medal by defeating Uruguay 1–0. The tournament served as a direct qualifier for the 2025 Junior World Cup, with the top four teams, not already qualified, qualifying. It also served as a qualifier for the 2025 Junior Pan American Games for the top five teams.

Argentina women's national under-21 field hockey team
The Argentina women's national under-21 field hockey team represents Argentina in women's international under-21 field hockey competitions and is controlled by the Argentine Hockey Confederation, the governing body for field hockey in Argentina.

The team competes in the Pan American Junior Championship which they have won a record eight times. They have qualified for all Junior World Cups which they have won twice.
Bust of Isabella of Aragon
The Bust of Isabella of Aragon or Ideal Portrait of Laura is a marble sculpture by Francesco Laurana, now in the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. It is the only one of the artist's sculptures to retain the coloured wax he applied to it. Its idealisation draws on the works of Piero della Francesca, which Laurana may have seen in Urbino, and leads some to identify it as an ideal portrait of Petrarch's Laura.

It is generally dated to 1487–1488 and held to show Isabella of Aragon, probably meaning it was commissioned to mark her marriage to Gian Galeazzo Sforza in Naples in 1488. Some theorise that instead it shows Ippolita Maria Sforza and dates to 1475, when the sculptor was in Naples, whilst others argue it shows Isabella's mother Isabella I of Castile. The museum currently calls it an "ideal portrait of Laura".

Petrarch
Francis Petrarch (/ˈpɛtrɑːrk, ˈpiːt-/; 20 July 1304 – 19 July 1374; Latin: Franciscus Petrarcha; modern Italian: Francesco Petrarca [franˈtʃesko peˈtrarka]), born Francesco di Petracco, was a scholar from Arezzo and poet of the early Italian Renaissance, as well as one of the earliest humanists.

Petrarch's rediscovery of Cicero's letters is often credited with initiating the 14th-century Italian Renaissance and the founding of Renaissance humanism. In the 16th century, Pietro Bembo created the model for the modern Italian language based on Petrarch's works, as well as those of Giovanni Boccaccio, and, to a lesser extent, Dante Alighieri. Petrarch was later endorsed as a model for Italian style by the Accademia della Crusca.

Petrarch's sonnets were admired and imitated throughout Europe during the Renaissance and became a model for lyrical poetry. He is also known for being the first to develop the concept of the "Dark Ages".
Mohamed Atiq Awayd Al Harbi
Mohamed Atiq Awayd Al Harbi is a citizen of Saudi Arabia formerly held in extrajudicial detention in the United States's Guantanamo Bay detention camps, in Cuba. His Guantanamo Internee Security Number was 333. The US Department of Defense reports that he was born on July 13, 1973, in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Muhammad al Awfi was transferred to Saudi Arabia on November 9, 2007.

Independent counter-terrorism consultants at the SITE Institute assert a man identified as Abu Hareth Muhammad al-Oufi is actually Al Harbi.

Saudi Gazette
Saudi Gazette is an English-language daily newspaper launched in 1976 and published in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. It is only available online, as the print version was discontinued in 2019. It is the second English-language daily newspaper in Saudi Arabia.

Published by Okaz Organization for Press and Publication, Saudi Gazette is pro-government.
2nd Reserve Infantry Division of Beijing
The 2nd Reserve Infantry Division of Beijing(Chinese: 北京陆军预备役步兵第2师) was a reserve infantry formation of the People's Liberation Army.

The formation of the division started on July 15, 1983. The division was formally activated on February 1, 1985.

The division was then composed of:

4th Regiment - Changping, Beijing

5th Regiment - Yanqing, Beijing

6th Regiment - Fangshan, Beijing

Artillery Regiment

Tank Regiment - Fengtai, Beijing

However, the Tank Regiment was deactivated on October 4, 1984, before the activation of the division.

The division was disbanded in 1998. The division, combined with the 1st Reserve Infantry Division of Beijing, reorganized into the Reserve Antiaircraft Artillery Division of Beijing Guard District.

Fangshan, Beijing
Fangshan District (Chinese: 房山区; pinyin: Fángshān Qū) is a district of the city of Beijing. It is situated in the southwest of Beijing, 38 km (24 mi) away from downtown Beijing. It has an area of 2,019 square kilometres (780 sq mi) and a population of 1,312,778 (2020 Census).

The district administers 8 subdistricts, 14 towns, and 6 townships.
Tennis at the 2019 Pan American Games – Men's doubles
The men's doubles tennis event of the 2019 Pan American Games was held from July 29 through August 3 at the Club Lawn Tennis de La Exposcicion in Lima, Peru.

Gonzalo Escobar and Roberto Quiroz of Ecuador won the gold medal, defeating Guido Andreozzi and Facundo Bagnis of Argentina in the final, 6–4, 3–6, [10–8].

Sergio Galdós and Juan Pablo Varillas of Peru won the bronze medal, defeating Boris Arias and Federico Zeballos of Bolivia in the bronze-medal match, 6–3, 3–6, [12–10].

Sergio Galdós
Sergio Galdós (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈseɾxjo ɣalˈdos]; born January 2, 1990) is a Peruvian tennis player. He is a regular member of the Peruvian Davis Cup team. In 2016 he broke into the top 100 of the men's doubles rankings for the first time finishing the year ranked No. 80 in the world on 28 November 2016.
National Commission for Civic Education
The National Commission for Civic Education (NCCE) is a public body in Ghana. The commission is responsible for the education of Ghanaians on civic matters. The commission was established by Act 452 of the Parliament of Ghana in 1993.

Constitution of Ghana
The Constitution of Ghana  is the supreme law of the Republic of Ghana. It was approved on 28 April 1992 through a national referendum after 92% support. It defines the fundamental political principles, establishing the structure, procedures, powers and duties of the government, structure of the judiciary and legislature, and spells out the fundamental rights and duties of citizens. It is made up of 26 chapters, not including the preamble.

In part, the constitution was designed to decentralize the government in Ghana.
Midilinae
Midilinae is a subfamily of the lepidopteran family Crambidae. It was described by Eugene G. Munroe in 1958. The 11 genera altogether comprise 59 species, with the majority of them occurring in the Neotropical realm, whereas the species of the genera Dolichobela and Styphlolepis are found in Australia.

Eugene G. Munroe
Eugene Gordon Munroe (8 September 1919 – 31 May 2008) was a Canadian entomologist who discovered numerous species of insects. He worked for the Insect Systematics and Biological Control Unit, Entomology Division in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.

Munroe was "the acknowledged authority on the Pyraloidea worldwide for many years". From 1976 to 1982, he also served as editor-in-chief of Moths of America North of Mexico.
Takuma Kubo
Takuma Kubo (久保拓眞, Kubo Takuma; born July 27, 1996 in Imari, Saga, Japan) is a professional Japanese baseball player. He is a pitcher for the Tokyo Yakult Swallows of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB).

Tokyo Yakult Swallows
The Tokyo Yakult Swallows (Japanese: 東京ヤクルトスワローズ, Hepburn: Tōkyō Yakuruto Suwarōzu) are a Japanese professional baseball team competing in Nippon Professional Baseball's Central League. Based in Shinjuku, Tokyo, they are one of two professional baseball teams in Tokyo, the other being the Yomiuri Giants. They have won nine Central League championships and six Japan Series championships. Since 1964, they have played their home games at Meiji Jingu Stadium.

The Swallows are named after their corporate owners, Yakult Honsha. From 1950 to 1965, the team was owned by the former Japanese National Railways (known as Kokutetsu (国鉄) in Japanese) and called the Kokutetsu Swallows; the team was then owned by the newspaper Sankei Shimbun from 1965 to 1968 and called the Sankei Atoms. Yakult purchased the team in 1970 and renamed it the Yakult Atoms, before renaming it again as the Yakult Swallows in 1974, and then the Tokyo Yakult Swallows in 2006.
TEN (TV station)
TEN is Network 10's flagship station in Sydney. It was originally owned and operated by United Telecasters Sydney Limited (UTSL), and began transmission on 5 April 1965 with the highlight of the opening night being the variety special TV Spells Magic. It also serves as the Australian headquarters of Paramount.

Paramount Networks UK & Australia
Paramount Networks UK & Australia, formerly ViacomCBS Networks UK & Australia, is a division of Paramount Skydance Corporation launched on 14 January 2020. It is based in London, England, with a local office in Sydney, Australia.
Lóegaire Birn Búadach
Lóegaire Birn Búadach (pronunciation) (fl. 1st or 2nd century AD) was the second king of Osraige after the death of his father, Óengus Osrithe.  His epithet "Búadach" means "Victorious".  His name became the appellation of his later descendants the Dál Birn who ruled Osraige until the Norman Invasion of Ireland, and even remained landed gentry in Upper Ossory until the death of Bernard FitzPatrick, 2nd Baron Castletown in 1937.

He is not to be confused with Lóegaire Búadach from the Ulster Cycle legends.

Ulster Cycle
The Ulster Cycle (Irish: an Rúraíocht), formerly known as the Red Branch Cycle, is a body of medieval Irish heroic legends and sagas of the Ulaid. It is set far in the past, in what is now eastern Ulster and northern Leinster, particularly counties Armagh, Down and Louth. It focuses on the mythical Ulster king Conchobar mac Nessa and his court at Emain Macha, the hero Cú Chulainn, and their conflict with the Connachta and queen Medb. The longest and most important tale is the epic Táin Bó Cúailnge (Cattle Raid of Cooley). The Ulster Cycle is one of the four 'cycles' of Irish mythology and legend, along with the Mythological Cycle, the Fianna Cycle and the Kings' Cycle.
Karyolung
Karyolung (Nepali: कर्योलुंग, romanized: Kareluṅ Ḍā̃ḍā) is a mountain located in the Rolwaling Himal range of the Himalayas in Solukhumbu District, Koshi Province, Nepal. It has an elevation of 6,511 metres (21,362 ft) and a prominence of 831 metres (2,726 ft). It is situated between Numbur mountain and Lukla.

Lukla
Lukla (Nepali: लुक्ला Nepali pronunciation: [ˈlukla]) is a small town in the Khumbu Pasang Lhamu rural municipality of the Solukhumbu District in the Koshi Province of northeastern Nepal. Situated at 2,860 metres (9,383 ft) above sea level, it is a popular place for visitors to the Himalayas near Mount Everest to arrive. Although Lukla means "place with many goats and sheep", few are found in the area now.

Lukla village holds a small airport serving the region, and a variety of shops and lodges catering to tourists and trekkers, providing western-style meals and trail supplies. From Lukla, travelers need two days to reach the village of Namche Bazaar, an altitude-acclimatization stop for those continuing on. The airport has a 527-metre (1,729 ft) single asphalt runway.

In August 2014, the Nepalese government announced plans to open the first tarmac road from Kathmandu to Lukla.
McAfee WebAdvisor
McAfee WebAdvisor, previously known as McAfee SiteAdvisor, is a service that reports on the safety of web sites by crawling the web and testing the sites it finds for malware and spam. A browser extension can show these ratings on hyperlinks such as on web search results.

The service was originally developed by SiteAdvisor, Inc, an MIT startup first introduced at CodeCon on February 10, 2006, and later acquired by McAfee on April 5, 2006.

CodeCon
CodeCon was an annual conference for software hackers and technology enthusiasts, held every year between 2002 and 2009. CodeCon was not intended to be a computer security conference, but a conference with a focus on software developers doing presentations of technologies, as computer programs, rather than products.