hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
William and Ann (1759)
William and Ann (or William and Anne), was built at a King's Yard (naval dockyard) in 1759, under another name. From 1786 until 1791 she was a whaler in the northern whale fishery. In 1791 she transported convicts to New South Wales and then began whale hunting around New Zealand; she returned to England in 1793. Circa 1801 she again became a whaler in the northern whale fishery, sailing from Leith. She continued whaling until 1839. She then began trading widely, to Bahia, Bombay, Archangel, Spain, Honduras, and the Mediterranean. She was last listed in 1857, having been in service for over 90 years.

Convict
A convict is "a person found guilty of a crime and sentenced by a court" or "a person serving a sentence in prison". Convicts are often also known as "prisoners" or "inmates" or by the slang term "con", while a common label for former convicts, especially those recently released from prison, is "ex-con" ("ex-convict"). Persons convicted and sentenced to non-custodial sentences tend not to be described as "convicts".

The label of "ex-convict" usually has lifelong implications, such as social stigma or reduced opportunities for employment. The federal government of Australia, for instance, will not, in general, employ an ex-convict, while some state and territory governments may limit the time for or before which a former convict may be employed.
Mighty Switch Force!
Mighty Switch Force! is a 2011 puzzle-platform game developed and published by WayForward Technologies for the Nintendo 3DS. It is the third game in WayForward's Mighty series, following Mighty Flip Champs! and Mighty Milky Way. The game was released on the Nintendo eShop on December 22, 2011. An update to the game, including five new levels, was released in May 2012. A high-definition version, Mighty Switch Force! Hyper Drive Edition, was released for the Wii U in 2012, featuring re-drawn graphics and other new features. A Steam version of the game was also released in June 2015. A sequel, Mighty Switch Force! 2, was released in June 2013.

High-definition video
High-definition video (HD video) is video of higher resolution and quality than standard-definition. While there is no standardized meaning for high-definition, generally any video image with considerably more than 480 vertical scan lines (North America) or 576 vertical lines (Europe) is considered high-definition. 480 scan lines is generally the minimum even though the majority of systems greatly exceed that. Images of standard resolution captured at high frame rate (60 frames/second North America, 50 FPS Europe), by a high-speed camera may be considered high-definition in some contexts. Some television series shot on high-definition video are made to look as if they have been shot on film, a technique which is often known as filmizing.
Raybearer
Raybearer  is a 2020 young adult fantasy novel by Nigerian American writer Jordan Ifueko. Ifueko's debut, it was published by Amulet Books, an imprint of Abrams, on August 18, 2020.

It is the first of two books in the Raybearer series. A continuation, Redemptor, followed in 2021. It was included in the New York Times Bestseller list. It received many awards and acclaim.

Goodreads Choice Awards
The Goodreads Choice Awards is a yearly award program, first launched on Goodreads in 2009.

Winners are determined by users voting on books that Goodreads has nominated or books of their choosing, released in the given year. Most books that Goodreads nominates are from verified Goodreads authors.  The final voting round collects the top 10 books from 20 different categories.
On2 Technologies
On2 Technologies, formerly known as The Duck Corporation, was a small publicly traded company (on the American Stock Exchange), founded in New York City in 1992 and headquartered in Clifton Park, New York, that designed video codec technology. It created a series of video codecs called TrueMotion (including TrueMotion S, TrueMotion 2, TrueMotion RT 2.0, TrueMotion VP3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8).

In February 2010, On2 Technologies was acquired by Google for an estimated $124.6 million.  On2's VP8 technology became the core of Google's WebM video file format.

NYSE American
NYSE American, formerly known as the American Stock Exchange (AMEX), and more recently as NYSE MKT, is an American stock exchange situated in New York City. AMEX was previously a mutual organization, owned by its members. Until 1953, it was known as the New York Curb Exchange.

NYSE Euronext acquired AMEX on October 1, 2008, with AMEX integrated with the Alternext European small-cap exchange and renamed the NYSE Alternext U.S. In March 2009, NYSE Alternext U.S. was changed to NYSE Amex Equities.  On May 10, 2012, NYSE Amex Equities changed its name to NYSE MKT LLC.

Following the SEC approval of competing stock exchange IEX in 2016, NYSE MKT rebranded as NYSE American and introduced a 350-microsecond delay in trading, referred to as a "speed bump", which is also present on the IEX.
Matthew Ricketts (composer)
Matthew Ricketts (born 1986) is a Canadian composer of contemporary classical music. He is a 2019 Guggenheim Fellow as well as the recipient of the 2020 Charles Ives Fellowship from the American Academy of Arts and Letters, the 2016 Jacob Druckman Prize from the Aspen Music Festival, the 2015 Salvatore Martirano Memorial Composition Award, a 2013 ASCAP Foundation Morton Gould Young Composer Award, and eight prizes in the SOCAN Foundation's Awards for Young Composers. He lives in Brooklyn, New York.

Contemporary classical music
Contemporary classical music is Western art music composed close to the present day. At the beginning of the 21st century, it commonly referred to the post-1945 post-tonal music after the death of Anton Webern, and included serial music, electronic music, experimental music, and minimalist music. Newer forms of music include spectral music and post-minimalism.
Mannix Joyce
Mannix Joyce (Irish: Mainchín Seoighe; 1924 – 3 July 2006) was an Irish local historian and writer, known particularly for his publications on County Limerick.

He was born in Tankardstown, Kilmallock, County Limerick. In 1941 he started work with Limerick County Council, where he remained all his life, mainly in the position of Information Officer. He was a prolific contributor to the Limerick Leader newspaper; his first article appeared in 1944 and his column (under the pen-name An Mangaire Súgach, the Merry Peddlar) continued unbroken until 2002.

He was awarded an honorary doctorate by the National University of Ireland in 1990.

National University of Ireland
The National University of Ireland (NUI; Irish: Ollscoil na hÉireann)  is a federal university system of constituent universities (previously called constituent colleges) and recognised colleges set up under the Irish Universities Act 1908, and significantly amended by the Universities Act, 1997.

The constituent universities are for all essential purposes independent universities, except that the degrees and diplomas are those of the National University of Ireland with its seat in Dublin.

In post-nominals, the abbreviation NUI  is used for degrees from all the constituent universities of the National University of Ireland.
The Fighting Generation
The Fighting Generation is a 1944 short film, a public service announcement produced by David O. Selznick and directed by an uncredited Alfred Hitchcock to promote war bond sales during the Sixth War Loan Drive. Jennifer Jones stars as a nurse's aide.

The film was shot in a single day, on October 9, 1944. Rhonda Fleming and actors Steve Dunhill and Tony Devlin were to appear in the scene, according to a call sheet, but in the end, only Jones appears on-screen.

The film survives in the Academy Film Archive and was preserved in 2008. The film is part of the Academy War Film Collection, one of the largest collections of World War II-era short films held outside government archives.

David O. Selznick
David O. Selznick (born David Selznick; May 10, 1902 – June 22, 1965) was an American film producer, screenwriter and film studio executive who produced Gone with the Wind (1939) and Rebecca (1940), both of which earned him an Academy Award for Best Picture. He also won the Irving Thalberg Award at the 12th Academy Awards, Hollywood's top honor for a producer, in recognition of his shepherding Gone with the Wind through a long and troubled production and into a record-breaking blockbuster.

The son and son-in-law of movie moguls Lewis J. Selznick and Louis B. Mayer, Selznick served as head of production at R.K.O. Radio Pictures and went on to become one of the first independent movie producers. His first wife was Mayer's daughter Irene Selznick, who became a highly successful Broadway producer after their divorce, and his second wife was Oscar-winning actress Jennifer Jones.
12564 Ikeller
12564 Ikeller, provisional designation 1998 SO49, is a stony Koronian asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 5 kilometers in diameter.

The asteroid was discovered by German amateur astronomer Wolf Bickel at his private Bergisch Gladbach Observatory on 22 September 1998. It was named after the discoverer's wife, Ingeborg Bickel–Keller.

Bergisch Gladbach Observatory
The Bergisch Gladbach Observatory is a private astronomical observatory located in Bergisch Gladbach, Germany, at 51°05′15.4″N 7°29′08.8″E﻿ / ﻿51.087611°N 7.485778°E﻿ / 51.087611; 7.485778. Its observatory code is 621. Its astronomer is Wolf Bickel.
Angela Barnwell
Angela Mary Barnwell (11 January 1936 – 29 June 1965) was a British swimmer. She competed in two events at the 1952 Summer Olympics. She won the 1952 ASA National Championship 100 metres freestyle title.

She died from cancer, aged 29.

British swimming champions – 100 metres freestyle winners
The British swimming champions over 100 metres freestyle, formerly the (Amateur Swimming Association (ASA) National Championships) are listed below.

The event was originally contested over 110 yards and then switched to the metric conversion of 100 metres in 1971. In 1963 Bob McGregor of Scotland set a world record in the heats (54.4 sec) and the final (54.1 sec). In 1975 and 1984 there was a dead-heat in the women's final.

The most successful male and female competitors in the history of the event are Bob McGregor with six titles between 1962 and 1968, and Karen Pickering with seven. Fran Halsall has won the most consecutive titles, six from 2009 to 2014. The current champions (2025) are Matt Richards (his second) and Freya Anderson (her fifth).
Harden, Walsall
Harden is an area to the north of Walsall and borders with Bloxwich, Blakenall Heath, Coalpool, Goscote and Rushall. The whole area was part of the Industrial Revolution, with mining and metal processing being the main industries. Although close to the A34 main road from the Stoke (potteries) to Birmingham, it is still served by canals.

Stoke-on-Trent
Stoke-on-Trent (often abbreviated to Stoke) is a city and unitary authority area in Staffordshire, England. It had an estimated population of 259,965 in 2022, making it the largest settlement in Staffordshire and one of the largest cities of the Midlands. Stoke is surrounded by the towns of Newcastle-under-Lyme, Alsager, Kidsgrove and Biddulph, which form a conurbation around the city.

The city is polycentric, formed from the federation of six towns in 1910. It took its name from the town of Stoke-upon-Trent, where the main centre of government and the principal railway station in the district were located. Hanley is the primary commercial centre. The other four towns which form the city are Burslem, Tunstall, Longton and Fenton.

As the home of the pottery industry in England, the area is known as The Potteries. It is a centre for service industries and distribution centres. It formerly had a primarily heavy industry sector.
2018 Indonesia President's Cup final
The 2018 Indonesia President's Cup final was the final match of the 2018 Indonesia President's Cup, the 3rd season of Indonesia's pre-season premier club football tournament organised by PSSI. It was played at the Gelora Bung Karno Stadium in Jakarta on 17 February 2018 and contested between Persija Jakarta and Bali United, their second encounter in the competition after their first in the group stage.

Persija defeated Bali 3–0, winning the President's Cup title in their history.

Piala Presiden (Indonesia)
Piala Presiden (English: President's Cup) is an annual pre-season association football tournament held in Indonesia and organized by the Football Association of Indonesia (PSSI). The inaugural tournament was held in 2015 to fill the vacuum of the Indonesia Super League when Indonesia was suspended by FIFA for government interference and major political involvements. The most recent tournament was held in 2025.
1835 United States Senate elections in Michigan
The new state of Michigan elected its first senators in 1835. The Michigan Legislature chose Lucius Lyon and John Norvell. Lyon was elected unanimously by both houses, Norvell received 35 votes and John Biddle received 28 votes. Lyon and Norvell were not seated or sworn in until January 26, 1837, when Michigan was admitted into the Union. In the term beginning March 4, 1837, they would sit as Democrats.

John Norvell
John Norvell (December 21, 1789 – April 24, 1850) was a newspaper editor and one of the first U.S. Senators from Michigan. He is known as one of two co-founders of The Philadelphia Inquirer, the third-longest continually operating daily newspaper in the United States of America.
Gornji Bučumet
Gornji Bučumet (Serbian Cyrillic: Горњи Бучумет, Upper Bučumet) is a settlement in the municipality of Medveđa, in southern Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village had a population of 139 people.

Municipalities and cities of Serbia
The municipalities and cities (Serbian: општине и градови / opštine i gradovi) are the first-level administrative division and the basic level of local government of Serbia. The country is divided into 145 municipalities and 29 cities.

Municipalities and cities form 29 administrative districts, except the City of Belgrade which is not part of any district.
Ryuichi Kobayashi
Ryuichi Kobayashi (小林 竜一, Kobayashi Ryūichi, born November 23, 1976) is a Japanese bobsledder who has competed since 2004. Competing in two Winter Olympics, he earned his best finish of 21st in both the two-man and four-man events at Vancouver in 2010.

Kobayashi's best finish at the FIBT World Championships was 19th in the four-man event at Lake Placid, New York, in 2009. His best World Cup finish was 21st in a four-man event at St. Moritz in January 2010.

IBSF World Championships (bobsleigh and skeleton)
The IBSF World Championships (known as the FIBT World Championships until 2015), part of the International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation, have taken place on an annual basis since 1930. Starting with 2002, World Championships are not being held in Winter Olympic years. A two-man event was included in 1931 with a combined championship occurring in 1947. Men's skeleton was introduced as a championship of its own in 1982 while women's bobsleigh and skeleton events were introduced in 2000. Both the women's bobsleigh and skeleton events were merged with the men's bobsleigh events at the 2004 championships. A mixed team event, consisting of one run each of men's skeleton, women's skeleton, 2-man bobsleigh, and 2-women bobsleigh, was held from 2007 to 2019. In 2020 it was replaced with skeleton mixed team event, consisting of one run each of men's and women's skeleton. Women's monobob event was included in 2021.
Table tennis at the 2004 Summer Paralympics – Men's individual – Class 6
The men's individual 6 table tennis competition at the 2004 Summer Paralympics was held from 18 to 21 September at the Galatsi Olympic Hall.

Classes 6–10 were for athletes with a physical impairment who competed from a standing position; the lower the number, the greater the impact the impairment had on an athlete’s ability to compete.

The event was won by Daniel Arnold, representing  Germany.

Galatsi Olympic Hall
The Galatsi Olympic Hall is a multi-use indoor arena that is located in Galatsi, Athens, Greece. It was the site of table tennis and rhythmic gymnastics at the 2004 Summer Olympics.  The Galatsi Olympic Hall has a seating capacity of 6,200, which includes 5,141 permanent seats in the upper tier, and the removable lower tier seats.
Bathelium flavostiolatum
Bathelium flavostiolatum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. Found in Bolivia, it was formally described as a new species in 2016 by lichenologists Adam Flakus and André Aptroot. The type specimen was collected from the Plan de Manejo AISU in the Ríos Blanco y Negro Wildlife Reserve (Guarayos Province, Santa Cruz Department at an altitude of 240 m (790 ft); there, it was found growing on bark in a lowland Amazon forest. It is only known to occur in similar habitats in Bolivia. The pseudostromata ostioles (pores) have nearby white spots that contain lichexanthone; this is a lichen product that causes these spots to fluoresce yellow when lit with a long-wavelength UV light. The species epithet flavostiolatum refers to this property.

André Aptroot
André Aptroot (Heemskerk, 1961) is a Dutch mycologist and lichenologist. His primary research focus is on biodiversity, particularly tropical lichens, encompassing systematics, floristic surveys, and taxonomic reviews. A prolific researcher, he has published more than 500 scientific papers and described hundreds of new fungal and lichen species.
Military Vehicle Technology Foundation
The Military Vehicle Technology Foundation was a large collection of military vehicles located in Portola Valley, California. It was founded in 1998 by Jacques Littlefield, and closed in 2018, with its collection being distributed to other museums. Many of its vehicles are now part of the American Heritage Museum run by the Collings Foundation in Stow, Massachusetts.

Portola Valley, California
Portola Valley is a small town in San Mateo County, California, United States. As of the 2020 census, the town had a population of 4,456. Located on the San Francisco Peninsula in the Bay Area, the community is nestled on the eastern slopes of the Santa Cruz Mountains.
HM Nautical Almanac Office
His Majesty's Nautical Almanac Office (HMNAO), now part of the United Kingdom Hydrographic Office, was established in 1832 on the site of the Royal Observatory, Greenwich (ROG), where The Nautical Almanac had been published since 1767. HMNAO produces astronomical data for a wide range of users, such as astronomers, mariners, aviators, surveyors, the military, police, lawyers, religious groups, architects, schools, diary and calendar manufacturers, photographers and film crews.

In 1937, it became part of ROG and moved with it, when it moved away from Greenwich (and was renamed the Royal Greenwich Observatory (RGO)) first to Herstmonceux Castle, near Hailsham in East Sussex in 1948, then to Cambridge in 1990. When the RGO closed in 1998 HMNAO was transferred to the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, near Didcot in Oxfordshire. In December 2006, HMNAO was transferred to the United Kingdom Hydrographic Office, which is based in Taunton in Somerset.

Herstmonceux Castle
Herstmonceux Castle is a brick-built castle, dating from the 15th century, near Herstmonceux, East Sussex, England. It is one of the oldest significant brick buildings still standing in England.   The castle was renowned for being one of the first buildings to use that material in England, and was built using bricks taken from the local clay, by builders from Flanders.  It dates from 1441. Construction began under the then-owner, Sir Roger Fiennes, and was continued after his death in 1449 by his son, Lord Dacre. The castle was gifted to Queen's University at Kingston, a Canadian university, in 1993 by Alfred and Isabel Bader.

The parks and gardens of Herstmonceux Castle and Place are Grade II* listed on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens. Other listed structures on the Herstmonceux estate include the Grade II listed walled garden to the north of the castle, and the Grade II* listed telescopes and workshops of the Herstmonceux Science Centre.
Albert Andersson (athlete)
Albert Per Andersson (25 April 1902 – 5 March 1977) was a Swedish gymnastics who competed in the 1920 Summer Olympics.

He was part of the Swedish team, which was able to win the gold medal in the gymnastics men's team, Swedish system event in 1920. He also competed in the men's 110 metres hurdles at the 1928 Summer Olympics.

Athletics at the 1928 Summer Olympics – Men's 110 metres hurdles
The men's 110 metres hurdles event at the 1928 Olympic Games took place between July 31 & August 1. Forty-one athletes from 24 nations competed. The maximum number of athletes per nation was 4. The event was won by Sydney Atkinson of South Africa, the nation's first title in the 110 metres hurdles; Atkinson became the first man to win two medals in the event (he had taken silver in 1924). It was only the second time the United States had not won the event; as in 1920, the Americans took silver and bronze.
Vermilion
Vermilion (sometimes spelled vermillion) is a color family and toxic pigment most often used between antiquity and the 19th century from the powdered mineral cinnabar (a form of mercury sulfide). It is synonymous with red orange, which often takes a modern form, but is 11% brighter.

Çatalhöyük
Çatalhöyük (English: Chatalhoyuk; /ˌtʃɑːtɑːlˈhuːjʊk/, cha-tal-HOO-yuhk; Turkish pronunciation: [tʃaˈtaɫhœjyc]; also Çatal Höyük and Çatal Hüyük; from Turkish çatal "fork" + höyük "tumulus") is a tell (a mounded accretion resulting from long-term human settlement) of a very large Neolithic and Chalcolithic proto-city settlement in southern Anatolia, which existed from approximately 7500 BC to 5600 BC and flourished around 7000 BC. Çatalhöyük overlooks the Konya Plain, southeast of the present-day city of Konya (ancient Iconium) in Turkey, approximately 140 km (87 mi) from the twin-coned volcano of Mount Hasan.

In July 2012, it was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Scrapper (2023 film)
Scrapper is a 2023 British comedy drama film written and directed by Charlotte Regan in her feature debut. It stars Lola Campbell, Alin Uzun and Harris Dickinson and was produced by BBC Film, BFI and DMC Film.

The film premiered at the 2023 Sundance Film Festival, where it won the Grand Jury Prize for the World Cinema Dramatic Competition, and was released in cinemas in the United Kingdom on 25 August 2023. It received positive reviews and got 14 nominations at the 2023 British Independent Film Awards. It was also named one of the top 10 independent films of 2023 by the National Board of Review.

British Independent Film Awards
The British Independent Film Awards (BIFA) is an organisation that celebrates, supports, and promotes British independent cinema and film-making talent in the United Kingdom. Nominations for the annual awards ceremony are announced in early November, with the ceremony itself taking place in early December.

Since 2015, BIFA has also hosted UK-wide talent development and film screening programmes, with the support of Creative Skillset and the  British Film Institute.