hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Bachelor (American TV series) season 14
The Bachelor: On the Wings of Love is the fourteenth season of ABC reality television series The Bachelor. The season premiere aired on January 4, 2010. The show features 31-year-old Jake Pavelka, a pilot from Dallas, Texas, courting 25 women.

Pavelka finished in seventh place on season 5 of The Bachelorette featuring Jillian Harris. It is the first season of The Bachelor to be broadcast in high definition. The season concluded on March 1, 2010, with Pavelka choosing to propose to 23-year-old marketing rep Vienna Girardi. The couple ended their engagement in June 2010.

Jillian Harris
Jillian Harris (born December 30, 1979) is a Canadian television personality. She is best known for appearing on the television series The Bachelor, The Bachelorette, and Love It or List It Vancouver. She has also appeared on Extreme Makeover: Home Edition, Canada's Handyman Challenge, and The Bachelorette Canada.
Freely
Freely is a British free-to-air IPTV service launched in 2024 by Everyone TV, a joint venture between the country's public broadcasters BBC, ITV, Channel 4 and 5. The service offers the ability to watch live television and on demand media from the main broadcasters while seamlessly switching between them in a unified electronic programme guide (EPG). Freely streams television over a broadband internet connection and therefore does not require a television aerial, although an aerial can be additionally used to create a hybrid platform and allow the viewing of DTT channels not yet available on Freely. The service is expected to gradually replace Freeview in the long-term.

ITV plc
ITV plc is a British media company that holds 13 of the 15 regional television licences that make up the ITV network (Channel 3), the oldest and largest commercial terrestrial television network in the United Kingdom.

ITV plc is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index.
Norman Finkelstein (poet)
Norman Finkelstein (born 1954) is an American poet and literary critic. He has written extensively about modern and postmodern poetry and about Jewish American literature. According to Tablet Magazine, Finkelstein's poetry "is simultaneously secular and religious, stately and conversational, prophetic, and circumspect."

Finkelstein was born in New York City. He earned his B.A. from Binghamton University and his Ph.D. from Emory University. He was a Professor of English at Xavier University in Cincinnati, Ohio, retiring in April 2020.

Binghamton University
The State University of New York at Binghamton (also known as Binghamton University or SUNY Binghamton) is a public research university in Greater Binghamton, New York, United States. It is one of the four university centers in the State University of New York (SUNY) system.

Since its establishment in 1946, the school has evolved from a small liberal arts college to a large research university. It is classified among R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity. Binghamton's athletic teams are the Bearcats and they compete in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The Bearcats are members of the America East Conference.
Jabłonna, Radomsko County
Jabłonna [jaˈbwɔnna] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Przedbórz, within Radomsko County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 2 km (1 mi) south of Przedbórz, 31 km (19 mi) east of Radomsko, and 85 km (53 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

Radomsko County
Radomsko County (Polish: powiat radomszczański) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999 as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Radomsko, which lies 80 kilometres (50 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź. The county also contains the towns of Przedbórz, lying 31 km (19 mi) east of Radomsko, and Kamieńsk, 16 km (10 mi) north of Radomsko.

The county covers an area of 1,442.78 square kilometres (557.1 sq mi). As of 2006, it had a population of 118,856, out of which the population of Radomsko was 49,152, that of Przedbórz was 3,758, that of Kamieńsk was 2,858, and the rural population was 63,088.
Timeline of geopolitical changes (before 1500)
This is a timeline of geopolitical changes around the world prior to 1500. It includes dates of declarations of independence, changes in country name, changes of capital city or name, and changes in territorial ownership such as the annexation, occupation, cession, concession, or secession of land. Territorial conquests as a result of war are included on the timeline at the conclusion of major military campaigns, but changes in the course of specific battles and day-to-day operations are generally not included.

Annexation
Annexation, in international law, is the forcible acquisition and assertion of legal title over one state's territory by another state, usually following military occupation of the territory. In current international law, it is generally held to be an illegal act. It is distinct from the concepts of conquest, which describes the gaining of physical control, and cession, in which territory is given or sold through treaty.

Annexation can be legitimized if generally recognized by other states and international bodies.

The illegality of annexation means that states carrying out such acts usually avoid using the word annexation in describing their actions; in each of the unresolved annexations by Israel, Morocco and Russia, the states have avoided characterizing their actions as such.
Sachatamia punctulata
Sachatamia punctulata is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae. It is endemic to the Cordillera Central, Colombia, in the departments of Antioquia, Caldas, and Tolima. Its natural habitats are tropical humid and sub-Andean forests along streams at elevations of 360–1,100 m (1,180–3,610 ft) above sea level. It is restricted to forest remnants that are surrounded by inhospitable agricultural habitat matrix. As a result, it is threatened by habitat loss and fragmentation.
The frog's range includes at least one protected park, including the Ranita Dorada Amphibian Reserve.

Habitat fragmentation
Habitat fragmentation describes the emergence of discontinuities (fragmentation) in an organism's preferred environment (habitat), causing population fragmentation and  ecosystem decay. Causes of habitat fragmentation include geological processes that slowly alter the layout of the physical environment (suspected of being one of the major causes of speciation), and human activity such as land conversion, which can alter the environment much faster and causes the population fluctuation of many species. More specifically, habitat fragmentation is a process by which large and contiguous habitats get divided into smaller, isolated patches of habitats.
Mirwaiz Umar Farooq
Mirwaiz Mohammad Umar Farooq (born 23 March 1973) is the 14th Mirwaiz of Kashmir. He is a Kashmiri separatist political leader. He is also an Islamic religious cleric of Kashmir Valley.

In October 2014, Farooq was listed as one of The 500 Most Influential Muslims by the Royal Islamic Strategic Studies Centre, Jordan. He came in the list for the 11th time in a row, in the year 2024.

As the Mirwaiz of Kashmir and chairman of the All Parties Hurriyat Conference, Umar Farooq has an important religious and political role in the Kashmir Valley. He is seen as the spiritual leader of Kashmir's Muslims. Farooq served as the chairman of the All Parties Hurriyat Conference from 1993 to 1998, and after its split has served as the chairman of his own faction since 2004.

Mawlānā
Mawlana (/mɔːˈlɑːnə/; from Persian, Arabic: مولانا), also spelled as Molana or Maulana, is a title, mostly in South Asia, preceding the name of respected Muslim religious leaders, in particular graduates of religious institutions, e.g. a madrassa or a darul uloom, or scholars who have studied under other Islamic scholars.
Luigi M. Venanzi
Luigi Maria Venanzi was an inorganic chemist who was recognized for diverse contributions to coordination chemistry.  He was born in Italy in 1927.

After receiving his diplom degree at the University of Kiel, he took a position at ICI Laboratories, where he published extensively with Joseph Chatt.  He then proceeded to receive his D.Phil. at Oxford, where he remained as lecturer until 1968.  He left England to become professor at SUNY Albany and later the University of Delaware.  He then moved to ETH, succeeding Gerold Schwarzenbach.  He finished his career in Switzerland, working extensively on platinum phosphine complexes and 31P NMR spectroscopy.

A lecture award was created in his memory in 2014.

University at Albany, SUNY
The State University of New York at Albany (also known as University at Albany, UAlbany, or SUNY Albany) is a public research university in Albany, New York, United States. Founded in 1844, it is one of four "university centers" of the State University of New York (SUNY) system. In 2024, the university enrolled 17,567 students in nine schools and colleges, which offer over 50 undergraduate majors and over 150 graduate degree programs. Portions of the campus extend into Guilderland, and the health sciences campus is located in neighboring Rensselaer, New York. It is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research spending and doctorate production". The research enterprise totaled expenditures of $115 million in fiscal year 2021 and was focused in four areas: social science, public law and policy, life sciences and atmospheric sciences. UAlbany is home to the New York State Writers Institute.
Hamar arch-deanery
Hamar arch-deanery (Norwegian: Hamar domprosti) is a deanery in the Diocese of Hamar which is part of the Church of Norway. This arch-deanery covers several municipalities in the central part of the diocese. It includes the municipalities of Hamar, Løten, Ringsaker Municipality, and Stange. The arch-deanery is headquartered at the Hamar Cathedral in the city of Hamar in Hamar Municipality.

Stange Municipality
Stangeⓘ is a municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Hedmarken. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Stangebyen. Other villages include Bekkelaget, Espa, Bottenfjellet, Ilseng, Ottestad, Sandvika, Sinnerud, Starhellinga, Tangen, and Romedal.

The 724-square-kilometre (280 sq mi) municipality is the 157th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Stange Municipality is the 60th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 21,691. The municipality's population density is 29.5 inhabitants per square kilometre (76/sq mi) and its population has increased by 9.5% over the previous 10-year period.
Ukraine News Today
Ukraine News Today was a Ukraine-based private English language satellite television channel and webcasting service. The channel, which was owned by the Ukrainian 1+1 group and headquartered in Kyiv, presented round-the-clock news bulletins aimed at the overseas news market. The General Producer was Tetiana Pushnova.

In April 2016 it stopped satellite broadcasting, to become an online-only service.  Prior to that, it was an international satellite television channel. On 26 December 2016, it was announced that its parent company 1+1 was shutting down the online service on 1 January 2017.

Webcast
A webcast is a media presentation distributed over the Internet using streaming media technology to distribute a single content source to many simultaneous listeners/viewers. A webcast may either be distributed live or on demand. Essentially, webcasting is "broadcasting" over the Internet. While a "podcast" is usually pre-recorded, a webcast is usually live and possibly interactive.

The largest "webcasters" include existing radio and TV stations, who "simulcast" their output through online TV or online radio streaming, as well as a multitude of Internet-only "stations". Webcasting usually consists of providing non-interactive linear streams or events. Rights and licensing bodies offer specific "webcasting licenses" to those wishing to carry out Internet broadcasting using copyrighted material.
Balboa Theater (San Francisco)
The Balboa Theater is a historic two-screen movie theater in the Outer Richmond neighborhood of San Francisco, California, US. Since 2012, it is part of the CinemaSF chain. It was formerly known as the New Balboa Theatre and is also called The Balboa.

Richmond District, San Francisco
The Richmond District is a neighborhood in the northwest corner of San Francisco, on the West Side of the city. Developed initially in the late 19th century.  It is sometimes confused with the city of Richmond, which is 20 miles (32 km) northeast of San Francisco; accordingly, the neighborhood usually is referred to as "the Richmond."

The Richmond is bordered by Golden Gate Park on the south, the Pacific Ocean to the west, and Lincoln Park, Mountain Lake Park and the Presidio of San Francisco to the north, bisected by the Presidio Greenbelt.
Laetitia Moma Bassoko
Laetitia Moma Bassoko (born 9 October 1993) is a Cameroonian volleyball player. She is a member of the Cameroon women's national volleyball team.

She was playing for VBC Chamalières in 2014 and was part of the Cameroonian national team at the 2014 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship in Italy and at the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro.

Cameroon women's national volleyball team
The Cameroon women's national volleyball team represents Cameroon in international women's volleyball competitions and friendly matches. The team is one of the leading nations in women's volleyball on the African continent.

The team played in the 2014 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship in Italy, after securing a ticket by winning the African Pool T qualifiers with the best win–loss ratio.

Cameroon lastly qualified for the 2021 Women's African Nations Volleyball Championship where it won the gold medal.
Rownah
Rownah is a village in the Emirate of Jizan, Saudi Arabia. It has many basic services, such as schools, paved roads, and water. The population is about 800, mostly from the Almejreba tribe, with a minority from other tribes.

Rownah has a distinctive and attractive location on the main road between Alshi and Samtah. It is located behind the Valley Ta 'sher deltas, which abound with agriculture, and feature golden dunes.

Emirate
An emirate is a territory ruled by an emir, a title used by monarchs or high officeholders in the Muslim world. From a historical point of view, an emirate is a political-religious unit smaller than a caliphate. It can be considered equivalent to a principality in non-Muslim contexts.

Currently in the world, there are three emirates that are independent states (Afghanistan, Kuwait, and Qatar) and one state that consists of a federation of seven emirates (the United Arab Emirates). A great number of previously independent emirates around the world are now part of larger states.
Joseph L. Rauh Jr.
Joseph Louis Rauh Jr. (January 3, 1911 – September 3, 1992) was one of the United States' foremost civil rights and civil liberties lawyers. In his early career, he served as a lawyer in the Franklin D. Roosevelt administration and a clerk to Supreme Court justices Benjamin N. Cardozo and Felix Frankfurter. He co-founded the liberal organization Americans for Democratic Action, and was a key lobbyist for civil rights legislation from the 1940s to 1960s.

He was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the nation's highest civilian honor, by President Bill Clinton on November 30, 1993.

Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt
For the presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, the United States presidential administration from 1933 to 1945, see:

Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt (1933–1941), first and second terms

Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt (1941–1945), third and fourth terms
Hayford Peirce
Hayford Peirce (January 7, 1942 – November 19, 2020) was an American writer of science fiction, mysteries, and a spy thriller.  He wrote numerous short stories for the science-fiction magazines Analog, Galaxy, and Omni, as well as mystery shorts for Alfred Hitchcock's Mystery Magazine and Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine.

The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction states that "he established a name for lightly written tales whose backgrounds were unusually well conceived."

The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction
The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction (SFE) is an English language reference work on science fiction, first published in 1979. It has won the Hugo, Locus and British SF Awards. Two print editions appeared in 1979 and 1993. A third, continuously revised, edition was published online from 2011, while the fourth edition was released in 2021 following the change of web host.
Zhan Zhao
Zhan Zhao (展昭) is a fictional character in the Chinese wuxia classic The Seven Heroes and Five Gallants. Nicknamed the "Southern Hero", he is a righteous knight-errant with incredible martial arts skills, often helping Prefect Bao Zheng uphold justice. Emperor Renzong of Song made him a 4th rank royal guard and gave him the title "Imperial Cat" for his swift movements.

Youxia
Youxia (Chinese: 遊俠) was a type of ancient Chinese warrior folk hero celebrated in classical Chinese poetry and fictional literature. It literally means "wandering vigilante", but is commonly translated as "knight-errant" or less commonly as "cavalier", "adventurer", "soldier of fortune" or "underworld stalwart".
They Walk Alone
They Walk Alone is a 1938 thriller play by the British writer Max Catto. After premiering at the Q Theatre in Kew Bridge, it transferred to London's West End where it ran for 156 performances between 19 January and 3 June 1939 initially at the Shaftesbury Theatre before switching to the Comedy Theatre. The cast included Beckett Bould, Jimmy Hanley, Rene Ray, Carol Goodner and Beatrix Lehmann. It was produced by Berthold Viertel. It also ran for 21 performances at the Shubert Theatre on Broadway in 1941.

Harold Pinter Theatre
The Harold Pinter Theatre, known as the Comedy Theatre until 2011, is a West End theatre, and opened on Panton Street in the City of Westminster, on 15 October 1881, as the Royal Comedy Theatre. It was designed by Thomas Verity and built in just six months in painted (stucco) stone and brick. By 1884 it was known as simply the Comedy Theatre. In the mid-1950s the theatre underwent major reconstruction and re-opened in December 1955; the auditorium remains essentially that of 1881, with three tiers of horseshoe-shaped balconies.
Indian Institute of Metals
Indian Institute of Metals (IIM) was formed in Kolkata in 1946 under the leadership of Dr. Dara P. Antia, who was then Chief Metallurgist of Indian Aluminum Co. The IIM is over 60 years old premier professional Metallurgical Institute set up to promote and advance the study and practice of the Science and the art of making and treating of metals and alloys and to promote just an honourable practice in Metallurgical profession. The space for its office at Calcutta was provided by Tata Steel. The Institute was inaugurated on 29 December 1947 at the Royal Asiatic Society Hall, Calcutta

The institute has chapters in almost all important towns and cities of India.

This institute is popular for providing distance courses for those who want to pursue Btech in metallurgy by distance mode. Normally Exams are taken in twice per year (End of June and December).

Tata Steel
Tata Steel Limited is an Indian multinational steel company headquartered in Mumbai and is part of the Tata Group. Formerly known as Tata Iron and Steel Company Limited (TISCO), the company was established on 26 August 1907 in Jamshedpur.

Tata Steel ranked 8th globally in crude steel production in 2024, having an estimated annual capacity of 35 million tonnes and an output of 31.02 million tonnes. With a domestic crude steel production of 21.6 million tonnes, it is one of the largest steel producers in India.

As of 2024, Tata Steel has employed approximately 78,300 people worldwide and operated in 26 countries, including key operations in India, The Netherlands, and the United Kingdom.
Palmira N. Ríos
Palmira N. Ríos (born 1956) is an Afro-Puerto Rican academic who has worked as a professor in New York, the Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico. She has served as a commissioner and president of the Puerto Rican Civil Rights Commission, the first person of color or woman to be appointed to the government body. After serving as the dean of the Graduate School of Public Administration for the University of Puerto Rico, she became the Dean of Academic Affairs for the Río Piedras Campus in 2015. The Bar Association of Puerto Rico honored Ríos with the Martin Luther King Jr.-Arturo Alfonso Schomburg Medal for her efforts to promote racial equality.

College of Staten Island
The College of Staten Island (CSI) is a public university in Staten Island, New York, United States. It is one of the 11 four-year senior colleges within the City University of New York system (CUNY), and one of the 2 four-year senior colleges within the CUNY system with a program in engineering.

Programs in the liberal arts, sciences, engineering and professional studies lead to PhD degrees, master's degrees, bachelor's and associate degrees. The bachelor's program includes selective membership in CUNY's Macaulay Honors College. The master's degree is awarded in 21 professional and liberal arts, sciences and engineering fields of study. A clinical doctorate is awarded by the departments of nursing and physical therapy. The college participates in doctoral programs of the CUNY Graduate Center in biology, chemistry, computer science, and physics, and at City College in engineering.
Breakthrough (1986 film)
Breakthrough (Russian: Прорыв, romanized: Proryv) is a 1986 Soviet disaster film directed by Dmitri Svetozarov.

The film shows a major accident that occurred during the construction of a tunnel leading to the fictional station Petrovskaya of Leningrad Metro. It is based on a similar accident in 1974, in the tunnel between stations Lesnaya and Ploschad Muzhestva, playing up its unique design and geological conditions.

Cinema of the Soviet Union
The cinema of the Soviet Union includes films produced by the constituent republics of the Soviet Union reflecting elements of their pre-Soviet culture, language and history, albeit they were all regulated by the central government in Moscow. Most prolific in their republican films, after the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, were Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Ukraine, and, to a lesser degree, Lithuania, Belarus and Moldavia. At the same time, the nation's film industry, which was fully nationalized throughout most of the country's history, was guided by philosophies and laws propounded by the monopoly Soviet Communist Party which introduced a new view on the cinema, socialist realism, which was different from the one before or after the existence of the Soviet Union.
Magda Bianchi Lázzari
Magda Bianchi Lázzari  is a Guatemalan diplomat and activist who served as the first lady of Guatemala from 1991 until 1993, as the wife of President Jorge Serrano Elías.

Bianchi followed up on the activities initiated by her predecessor, Raquel Blandón. Bianchi is an activist focused on women's rights, children and the elderly, and issues affecting people with disabilities in Guatemala. She accompanied President Serrano Elías on many of his state visits.

After President Serrano dissolved the Congress and initiated the "Serranazo", the Constitutional Court declared the President's decisions null and void and declared Vice President Gustavo Espina as illegitimate to succeed Serrano. Serrano and his wife went into exile in Panama, where they currently reside.

Jorge Serrano Elías
Jorge Antonio Serrano Elías (born April 26, 1945) is a Guatemalan industrial engineer and politician who served as the 41st president of Guatemala from January 14, 1991 to June 1, 1993. He attempted a self-coup in May 1993 to stay longer in power.