hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hans Dekker
Hans J. van Ommeren Dekker (born 18 January 1947 in Amsterdam, Netherlands) is a Dutch theoretical physicist in the line of Dirk Polder, Ralph Kronig, and Nico van Kampen. His scientific work inter alia involves laser theory, path integrals in curved spaces, nonequilibrium statistical mechanics, dissipation in quantum mechanics, and hydrodynamic turbulence. He was director of the Private Institute for Advanced Study in Amsterdam and is professor emeritus at the Institute for Theoretical Physics of the University of Amsterdam.

Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research
The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (Dutch: Nederlandse Organisatie voor Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek, abbreviated TNO, "Dutch Organisation for Applied Scientific Research") is an independent statutory research organisation in the Netherlands that focuses on applied science. It conducts contract research, offers specialist consulting services, and grants licenses for patents and specialist software. TNO founds new companies to market innovations.
Rhoshill, Pembrokeshire
Rhoshill (also known as Rhos-hill) is a hamlet on the A478 road, in the community and parish of Cilgerran, in Pembrokeshire, South-west Wales. The hamlet is situated at the crossroads between the A478 road and the unclassified road from Cilgerran to Eglwyswrw, and includes the Rhosygilwen estate.

Eglwyswrw
Eglwyswrw ([ɛɡlʊɨˈsuːrʊ] ⓘ) is a village, community and parish in the former Cantref of Cemais, Pembrokeshire, Wales. The village lies between Newport and Cardigan at the junction of the A487 road and the B4332 at an altitude of 130 metres (430 ft).

The village is in the heart of the Welsh-speaking area of Pembrokeshire; its history goes back at least to Norman times and there are 19 listed buildings in the community.
Sneaker collecting
Sneaker collecting is the acquisition and trading of sneakers as a hobby. It is often manifested by the use and collection of shoes made for particular sports, particularly basketball and skateboarding. A person involved in sneaker collecting is sometimes called a sneakerhead.

Sneaker collecting came to prominence in the 1980s in New York City and can be attributed to two major sources: basketball, specifically the emergence of Michael Jordan and his eponymous Air Jordan line of shoes released in 1985, and the growth of hip hop music. The boom of signature basketball shoes during this era provided the sheer variety necessary for a collecting subculture, while the hip-hop movement gave the sneakers their street credibility as status symbols. Sneakerhead culture has extended beyond shoes designed for particular sports, and overlaps with streetwear trends and styles. By one estimate, the sneaker resale market was worth US$10 billion in 2021.

StockX
StockX is an online marketplace and clothing reseller, primarily of sneakers. Since November 2020, it has also opened up to electronic products such as game consoles, smartphones and computer hardware. The Detroit-based company was founded by Dan Gilbert, Josh Luber, Greg Schwartz, and Chris Kaufman in 2015–2016. StockX has more than 800 employees in Downtown Detroit. StockX currently has international offices in London, UK, in Eindhoven, the Netherlands, and has authentication facilities in Detroit's Corktown neighborhood, Moonachie, NJ, and Tempe, AZ. Greg Schwartz serves as chief executive officer and Deena Bahri became the company's first chief marketing officer in 2019.
Sardegna Open
The Sardegna Open is a professional tennis tournament part of the ATP Challenger Tour played on clay courts in Cagliari, Italy. It was primarily organised as an ATP 250 tournament due to the cancellation of many tournaments during the 2020 season, because of the COVID-19 pandemic. In its first edition the tournament was known as Forte Village Sardegna Open and it has been an ATP Tour event in its first two editions (2020 and 2021). It was downgraded to a Challenger 175 event in 2023, 2024 and after a year hiatus it came back in 2026.

ATP 250 tournaments
The ATP 250 tournaments are the lowest tier of annual men's tennis tournaments on the main ATP Tour, after the four Grand Slam tournaments, ATP Finals, ATP Masters 1000 tournaments, and ATP 500 tournaments. The winners of each tournament are awarded 250 ranking points—which accounts for the name of the series.

As of 2026, the series included 30 tournaments after the retirement of four tournaments (Atlanta, Córdoba, Lyon and Metz), the downgrade of two in 2025 (Estoril for a year, and Newport) and the upgrade of three tournaments to the 500 level (Dallas, Doha and Munich). Draws usually consist of 28 for singles, with Brisbane International (32) and Winston-Salem Open (48) being the only exceptions. Doubles draws consist of 16 teams.

Thomas Muster holds the record for most singles titles at 26, while Mike Bryan holds the record for most doubles titles won with 46.
McPherson University
Established in 2012, McPherson University (McU) is named after the late Aimee Semple McPherson – the founder of Foursquare Gospel Church.

The university was licensed by the National Universities Commission (NUC) on Tuesday, 28 February 2012, as the 49th private University and 121st University in Nigeria.

The university is located on 122.3 hectares of land at Seriki-Sotayo, near Foursquare City, Ajebo. The site lies approximately within latitude 7º07N and 7º08N and longitude of 3º41N on elevation of between 82m to 109m.

National Universities Commission
The National Universities Commission (NUC) is a Nigerian government agency set up to regulate higher education in Nigeria.

NUC, as it is popularly called, was established in 1962 as an advisory agency in the cabinet office.  In 1974, it became a statutory body and its first executive secretary was professor Jibril Aminu.  NUC is currently part of the Federal Ministry of Education and is a parastatal (government-owned corporation).

The commission has a governing council, currently headed by professor Shehu Galadanchi and its executive secretary is Abubakar Adamu Rasheed, who assumed office on 3 August 2016.  Since its establishment, the commission has transformed from a small office in the cabinet office to an important arm of government in the area of development and management of university education in Nigeria.
Erica viridimontana
Erica viridimontana is a plant belonging to the genus Erica and is part of the fynbos. The species is endemic to the Western Cape and occurs in the Groenland mountains, east of Grabouw. There is only one population, with less than 250 plants, occurring in an area of less than 7 km2. The habitat has been reduced due to the high incidence of veldfires and is also threatened by invasive plants such as hakea and pinus species.

The plant has one subspecies: Erica viridimontana subsp. nivicola E.G.H.Oliv. & I.M.Oliv.

Erica (plant)
Erica is a genus of roughly 857 species of flowering plants in the family Ericaceae. The English common names heath and heather are shared by some closely related genera of similar appearance. The genus Calluna was formerly included in Erica; it differs in having even smaller scale-leaves (less than 2–3 millimetres long), and the flower corolla consisting of separate petals. Erica is sometimes referred to as "winter (or spring) heather" to distinguish it from Calluna "summer (or autumn) heather".
Massive open online course
A massive open online course (MOOC /muːk/) or an open online course is an online course aimed at unlimited participation and open access via the Web. In addition to traditional course materials, such as filmed lectures, readings, and problem sets, many MOOCs provide interactive courses with user forums or social media discussions to support community interactions among students, professors, and teaching assistants (TAs), as well as immediate feedback to quick quizzes and assignments. MOOCs are a widely researched development in distance education, first introduced in 2008, that emerged as a popular mode of learning in 2012.

Early MOOCs (cMOOCs: Connectivist MOOCs) often emphasized open-access features, such as open licensing of content, structure and learning goals, to promote the reuse and remixing of resources.  Some later MOOCs (xMOOCs: extended MOOCs) use closed licenses for their course materials while maintaining free access for students.

The Chronicle of Higher Education
The Chronicle of Higher Education is an American newspaper and website that presents news, information, and jobs for college and university faculty and student affairs professionals, including staff members and administrators. A subscription is required to read some articles.

The Chronicle is based in Washington, D.C., and is a major news service covering U.S. academia. It is published every weekday online and appears weekly in print except for every other week in May, June, July, and August and the last three weeks in December. In print, The Chronicle is published in two sections: Section A with news, section B with job listings, and The Chronicle Review, a magazine of arts and ideas. It also publishes Arts & Letters Daily.
Gmina Rudna
Gmina Rudna is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Lubin County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Its seat is the village of Rudna, which lies approximately 14 kilometres (9 mi) north of Lubin and 69 km (43 mi) north-west of the regional capital Wrocław.

The gmina covers an area of 216.6 square kilometres (83.6 sq mi), and as of 2019 its total population was 7,793.

Lubin County
Lubin County (Polish: powiat lubiński) (German:Lüben Kreis) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, south-western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. The county covers an area of 712 square kilometres (274.9 sq mi). Its administrative seat and largest town is Lubin, and its only other town is Ścinawa.

As of 2019 the total population of the county is 106,211, out of which the population of Lubin is 72,428, the population of Ścinawa is 5,582, and the rural population is 28,201.
Antonio Di Pietro
Antonio Di Pietro (Italian pronunciation: [anˈtɔːnjo di ˈpjɛːtro]; born 2 October 1950) is an Italian politician, lawyer and magistrate. He was a minister in government of Romano Prodi, a Senator, and a Member of the European Parliament. He was a prosecutor in the Mani pulite corruption trials in the early 1990s.

European Parliament Delegation for relations with South Africa
The Delegation for relations with South Africa (D-ZA) is a delegation of the European Parliament. Its current chair is the German politician Udo Bullmann (SPD).

It was created by the European Parliament in 1994 after inter-parliamentary relations with South Africa were frozen during the apartheid years. The EP Delegation is responsible for the Parliament's EU–South Africa relations, and it provides political dialogue with a parliamentary dimension.
Protein quaternary structure
Protein quaternary structure is the fourth (and highest) classification level of protein structure. Protein quaternary structure refers to the structure of proteins which are themselves composed of two or more smaller protein chains (also referred to as subunits). Protein quaternary structure describes the number and arrangement of multiple folded protein subunits in a multi-subunit complex. It includes organizations from simple dimers to large homooligomers and complexes with defined or variable numbers of subunits. In contrast to the first three levels of protein structure, not all proteins will have a quaternary structure since some proteins function as single units. Protein quaternary structure can also refer to biomolecular complexes of proteins with nucleic acids and other cofactors.

Ribosome
A ribosome (/ˈraɪbəzoʊm, -soʊm/) is a ribonucleoprotein particle found in all cells, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic, responsible for the synthesis of proteins. A ribosome functions as a molecular machine in the translation of strands of messenger RNA (mRNA) and production of a protein. A ribosome links amino acids together in the order specified by the codons of mRNA molecules to form polypeptide chains. A ribosome is made up of a large and a small subunit, each consisting of one or more ribosomal RNA molecules and many ribosomal proteins. The ribosomes and associated molecules are also known as the translational apparatus.

Ribosome biogenesis is the process of making ribosomes. This is an energy-consuming, dynamic process, requiring the synthesis of around 200 proteins in the processing of ribosomal RNAs and assembling them with ribosomal proteins to make the ribosomes subunits.
Mulholland Dam
The Mulholland Dam is a Los Angeles Department of Water and Power dam located in the Hollywood Hills of Los Angeles, California, east of the Hollywood Freeway. Designed with a storage capacity of 7,900 acre⋅ft (9,700,000 m3) of water at a maximum depth of 183 feet (56 m), the dam forms the Hollywood Reservoir, which collects water from various aqueducts and impounds the creek of Weid Canyon.

Hollywood Hills
The Hollywood Hills is a residential neighborhood in the central region of Los Angeles, California. It borders Studio City, Universal City and Burbank on the north, Griffith Park on the north and east, Los Feliz on the southeast, Hollywood on the south and Hollywood Hills West on the west. It includes Forest Lawn Memorial Park, Mount Sinai Memorial Park Cemetery, the Hollywood Reservoir, the Hollywood Sign, the Hollywood Bowl and the John Anson Ford Theater.
Port of New York (film)
Port of New York is a 1949 American film noir/crime film directed by László Benedek with cinematography by George E. Diskant and shot in semidocumentary style. The film is notable for being Yul Brynner's first film appearance. The film, which is very similar to T-Men (1947), was shot on location in New York City.

Semidocumentary
A semidocumentary is a form of book, film, or television program presenting a fictional story that incorporates many factual details or actual events, or which is presented in a manner similar to a documentary.
Lanistes alexandri
Lanistes alexandri is a species of large freshwater snail, an aquatic gastropod mollusc with a gill and an operculum in the family Ampullariidae, the apple snails.

This species is endemic to Tanzania.

Apple snail
Ampullariidae (commonly known as apple snails), is a family of large freshwater snails that includes the mystery snail species. They present an operculum and simultaneously have a gill and a lung as respiratory structures, which are separated by a division of the mantle cavity. This adaptation allows these animals to be amphibious. Species in this family are considered gonochoristic, meaning that each individual is either male or female.
Salt tectonics
Salt tectonics, or halokinesis, or halotectonics, is concerned with the geometries and processes associated with the presence of significant thicknesses of evaporites containing rock salt within a stratigraphic sequence of rocks. This is due both to the low density of salt, which does not increase with burial, and its low strength.

Salt structures (excluding undeformed layers of salt) have been found in more than 120 sedimentary basins around the world.

Evaporite
An evaporite (/ɪˈvæpəˌraɪt/) is a water-soluble sedimentary mineral deposit caused by the concentration and crystallization (chemical precipitation) that results when enough of the water solvent evaporates from an aqueous solution. There are two types of evaporite deposits: marine, which can also be described as ocean deposits, and non-marine, which are found in standing bodies of water such as lakes. Evaporites are considered sedimentary rocks and are formed by chemical sediments.
Bilofix
Bilofix is the name of a Danish construction toy product primarily consisting of wooden beams and plastic screws and bolts. It was produced and marketed primarily in the 1960s first by the Lego company and then by a separate Bilofix company. The name Bilofix is usually written stylized as "BILOfix".

Construction set
A construction set is a standardized piece assortment allowing for the construction of various different models. Construction sets are most often marketed as toys. Popular construction toy brands include Lincoln Logs and LEGO.
DRTE Computer
The DRTE Computer was a transistorized computer built at the Defence Research Telecommunications Establishment (DRTE), part of the Canadian Defence Research Board. It was one of the earlier fully transistorized machines, running in prototype form in 1957, and fully developed form in 1960. Although the performance was quite good, equal to that of contemporary machines like the PDP-1, no commercial vendors ever took up the design, and the only potential sale to the Canadian Navy's Pacific Naval Laboratories, fell through. The machine is currently part of the Canadian national science and technology collection housed at the Canada Science and Technology Museum.

PDP-1
The PDP-1 (Programmed Data Processor-1) is the first computer in Digital Equipment Corporation's PDP series and was first produced in 1959. It is known for being the most important computer in the creation of hacker culture at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Bolt, Beranek and Newman, and elsewhere. The PDP-1 is the original hardware for one of the first video games, Steve Russell's 1962 game Spacewar!.
Cors Goch National Nature Reserve (Anglesey)
Cors Goch National Nature Reserve is principally a fen in a shallow valley near the village of Llanbedrgoch, on the eastern side of Anglesey. The site is managed by the North Wales Wildlife Trust and also includes calcareous heath, meadow and an acid heath overlain on millstone grit. There is some area of open water including Llyn Cadarn but much is marsh or shallow bog which supports a species rich ecosystem dominated by reeds.  A number of rare plants and animals are able to flourish in this environment, including great crested newt and adders. The medicinal leech and glow worm have also been found here. The site is managed by the North Wales Wildlife Trust.

Llanbedrgoch
Llanbedrgoch (Welsh pronunciationⓘ) is a hamlet and post town, a mile south of the town of Benllech and west of Red Wharf Bay, on the island of Anglesey (Welsh: Ynys Môn), north Wales.  The parish church is St Peter's Church, Llanbedrgoch, a Grade II* listed building that dates back to the 15th century.

The historical settlements in the area have been subject of archaeological exploration. The village hosted the National Eisteddfod of Wales in 1999.

Prior to the 2013 council elections, Llanbedrgoch was a single councillor ward to the Isle of Anglesey County Council, though following The Isle of Anglesey (Electoral Arrangements) Order 2012 the ward was amalgamated into a new multi-councillor ward, Lligwy.
Lycée Français Saint-Michel
Lycée Français Saint-Michel (English: Saint Michel French High School, Turkish: Aziz Mikâel Fransız Lisesi) is an international French school located in Istanbul. It is one of the three Lasallian schools in Turkey along with Lycée Saint-Joseph in Istanbul and Lycée Saint-Joseph in Izmir. The Agency for French Education Abroad (AEFE) does not include the school in its list of French international schools in Turkey (under "Turquie").

Lycée Saint-Joseph, Istanbul
Lycée Saint-Joseph (Turkish: İstanbul Özel Saint-Joseph Fransız Lisesi) is a private high school located in Istanbul, Turkey.  It is a French school founded in 1870. Classes are taught in Turkish, French, and English. Fenerbahçe S.K. was formed by students of this high school.
Black Watch (play)
Black Watch is a play written by Gregory Burke and directed by John Tiffany as part of the first season of the National Theatre of Scotland.

Based on interviews with former soldiers, it portrays soldiers in the Black Watch regiment of the British Army serving on Operation TELIC in Iraq during 2004, prior to the amalgamation into the Royal Regiment of Scotland. Black Watch was first performed during the Edinburgh Festival Fringe on 1 August 2006 in a temporary traverse stage at the former University of Edinburgh Officer Training Corps' Drill hall.

Well received by critics, Black Watch has won four Olivier Awards including Best New Play.
It has also won a Herald Angel, The Scotsman Fringe First, a Best Theatre Writing Award from The List, a Stage Award for Best Ensemble, the South Bank Show award for Theatre and four Critics' Awards for Theatre in Scotland.

Royal Regiment of Scotland
The Royal Regiment of Scotland (SCOTS) is the senior and only current Scottish line infantry regiment of the British Army Infantry. It consists of three regular (formerly five) and two reserve battalions, plus an incremental company, each formerly an individual regiment of the line. However, three regular battalions maintain their former regimental pipes and drums to carry on the traditions of their antecedent regiments.
South Arabia during World War I
The campaign in South Arabia during World War I was a minor military campaign for control of the port city of Aden, an important way station for ships on their way from Asia to the Suez Canal. The British Empire declared war on the Ottoman Empire on 5 November 1914, and the Ottomans responded with their own declaration on 11 November. From the beginning, the Ottomans had planned an invasion of Britain's Aden Protectorate in cooperation with the local Arab tribes. The Ottomans had gathered in some strength on the Cheikh Saïd, a peninsula which juts out into the Red Sea towards the island of Perim.

At the start of the war, the British had one force stationed in the Aden Protectorate, the Aden Brigade, which was part of the British Indian Army. In November 1914, an Ottoman force from Yemen attacked Aden, but was driven off by the Brigade. The last Ottoman troops surrendered in March 1919.

Kamaran
Kamaran (Arabic: كمران, romanized: Kamarān) is the largest Yemeni island in the Red Sea. The 108 km2 (42 sq mi) island is 18 km (11 mi) long and 7 km (4.3 mi) wide and is strategically located at the southern end of the Red Sea. It is a "shelf island" located in the shallow waters of the Arabian Peninsula's continental shelf with coral reefs surrounding three sides of the island. The population numbers 2,200. Kamaran is generally flat, with a few hills in the south. Its highest point is Jabal Yaman (24 meters high), situated about three kilometers from Ra's al Yaman, the southeastern cape of the island.
Combretum celastroides
Combretum celastroides is a species of flowering plant in the bushwillow genus Combretum, family Combretaceae. It is found in Zambia, Zimbabwe, Botswana, and Namibia, and is also known in English as Jesse-bush bushwillow, Trailing bushwillow, or Zambezi jessebush, and in local languages as Mugalusaka and Umlalanyathi.

Combretum
Combretum, the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, but there are others that are native to tropical Asia, New Guinea and the Bismarck Archipelago, Australia, and tropical America.

Around 17 species in the genus Quisqualis are very similar to Combretum and are now classified as species of the genus.

Though somewhat reminiscent of willows (Salix) in their habitus, they are not particularly close relatives of these.