hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of Hernani
The Battle of Hernani is the name given to the controversy and heckling that surrounded the 1830 performances of Victor Hugo's Romantic drama Hernani.

Heir to a long series of conflicts over theatrical aesthetics, the Battle of Hernani, which was at least as politically motivated by political as aesthetic beliefs, remains famous for having been the battleground between the "classics", partisans of a strict hierarchy of theatrical genres, and the new generation of "romantics" aspiring to a revolution in the dramatic art and grouped around Victor Hugo. The form in which it is generally known today, however, depends on the accounts given by witnesses of the time (Théophile Gautier in particular, who wore a provocative red vest to the Première on 25 February 1830), blending truth and legend in an epic reconstruction intended to make it the founding act of Romanticism in France.

Theatrical style
There are four basic theatrical genres either defined, implied, or derived by or from Aristotle: Tragedy, Comedy, Melodrama, and Drama.  Any number of theatrical styles can be used to convey these forms.

A good working definition of "Style" is how something is done.  Theatrical styles are influenced by their time and place, artistic and other social structures, and the individual styles of the particular artists.  As theater is a mongrel art form, a production may or may not have stylistic integrity with regard to script, acting, direction, design, music, and venue.
Arthur Sager
Arthur Woodbury Sager (July 4, 1904 – January 17, 1980) was an American track and field athlete who competed in the 1928 Summer Olympics. He finished tenth in the javelin throw competition.

He was born in Gardiner, Maine, and died in Boxford, Massachusetts. He worked at the Governor Dummer Academy and wrote a book called Speak Your Way to Success.

He is the maternal grandfather of Family Guy creator Seth and Rachael MacFarlane through his daughter Ann Perry Sager.

Boxford, Massachusetts
Boxford is a town in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the town's population was 8,203 in 2020.

The original town center of Boxford, along with East Boxford and other areas in the eastern part of the town, comprise the census-designated place of Boxford.
Attidius (senator)
Attidius (fl. 1st century BC), possibly to be identified with Marcus Atilius Bulbus, was a senator of the Roman Republic. Sometime in the early 70s BC, he was convicted of a crime, probably maiestas, and exiled. Attidius found refuge in the court of Mithridates VI of Pontus, and the two men were friends for many years. The sole evidence for Attidius's life and career is a passage by the Greek historian Appian in his Mithridatic Wars.

Around 67 BC, during the Third Mithridatic War, Attidius joined a conspiracy to assassinate Mithridates. The plot was discovered, and the Pontic king put him to death. In recognition of his rank, Mithridates forbade his torture. The other conspirators suffered protracted torture, but the freedmen attached to Attidius were granted clemency by the king, because they were judged to have acted out of obligation to their patron.

Freedman
A freedman or freedwoman is a person who has been released from slavery, usually by legal means. Historically, slaves freed themselves (runaways or maroons) through escape, self-purchase, or rebellion; or were freed through manumission (granted freedom by their owners), emancipation (granted freedom as part of a larger group), or abolition (the outlawing of slavery in general).
Samuel Löb Goldenberg
Samuel Löb Goldenberg (Yiddish: שמואל יהודה לייב גאלדענבערג; 1807 – 11 January 1846) was an Austrian Hebraist and editor.

He was the founder and editor of the Hebrew periodical Kerem Ḥemed, noted for the thoroughly scientific character of its reading-matter. Among its contributors were Solomon Judah Rapoport, Nachman Krochmal, Leopold Zunz, Hayyim Selig Slonimski, Samuel Pineles, S. D. Luzzatto, Reggio, Abraham Geiger, Isaac Erter, Samuel Byk, Tobias Feder, Joseph Perl, and Aaron Chorin. The spirit of criticism and historical investigation manifested in all their articles dealt a blow in Galicia to Ḥasidism, which had formerly counted among its followers many of the contributors to the Kerem Ḥemed.

Samuel David Luzzatto
Samuel David Luzzatto (Hebrew: שמואל דוד לוצאטו, Italian pronunciation: [ˈsaːmwel ˈdaːvid lutˈtsatto]; 22 August 1800 – 30 September 1865), also known by the Hebrew acronym Shadal (שד״ל‎), was an Italian-Austrian Jewish scholar, poet, and a member of the Wissenschaft des Judentums movement.
Fle3
Fle3 is a Web-based learning environment or virtual learning environment. More precisely Fle3 is server software for computer supported collaborative learning (CSCL).

Fle3 is designed to support learner and group centered work that concentrates on creating and developing expressions of knowledge (i.e. knowledge artefacts). Fle3 supports study groups to implement knowledge building, creative problem solving and scientific method in an inquiry learning process, for example the progressive inquiry method.

Fle3 user interface is translated to more than 20 languages including most of the European languages and Chinese. Fle3 is used in more than 70 countries.

Fle3 is a Zope product, written in Python. Fle3 is open-source and free software released under the GNU General Public Licence (GPL).

Computer-supported collaborative learning
Computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL) is a pedagogical approach wherein learning takes place via social interaction using a computer or through the Internet. This kind of learning is characterized by the sharing and construction of knowledge among participants using technology as their primary means of communication or as a common resource. CSCL can be implemented in online and classroom learning environments and can take place synchronously or asynchronously.

The study of computer-supported collaborative learning draws on a number of academic disciplines, including instructional technology, educational psychology, sociology, cognitive psychology, and social psychology. It is related to collaborative learning and Computer Supported Cooperative Work.
Tuireamh na hÉireann
"Tuireamh na hÉireann" ([ˈt̪ˠɪɾʲəw n̪ˠə ˈheːɾʲən̪ˠ], "Lament for Ireland", archaic spelling Tuireaḋ na h-Eireann), also called "Aiste Sheáin Uí Chonaill" ("Seán Ó Conaill's Essay") is an Irish-language poem of the mid-17th century. The poem gives a history of Ireland from the Great Flood to the Cromwellian war. Its composition is dated to 1655–59, and it was written by Seán Ó Conaill of the Iveragh Peninsula, a dependent of MacCarthy Mór. Some accounts described him as Catholic Bishop of Ardfert, but there is no evidence that he ever held that office.

Flood myth
A flood myth or a deluge myth is a myth in which a great flood, usually sent by a deity or deities, destroys civilization, often in an act of divine retribution. Parallels are often drawn between the flood waters of these myths and the primeval cosmic ocean which appear in certain creation myths, as the flood waters are described as a measure for the cleansing of humanity, for example in preparation for rebirth. Most flood myths also contain a culture hero, who "represents the human craving for life".

The oldest known narrative of a divinely initiated flood originates from the Sumerian culture in Mesopotamia, among others expressed in the Akkadian Atra-Hasis epic, which dates to the 18th century BCE. Comparable flood narratives appear in many other cultures, including the biblical Genesis flood narrative, manvantara-sandhya in Hinduism, Deucalion in Greek mythology, and in indigenous North American cultures.
Ultraman: Towards the Future
Ultraman: Towards the Future, released in Japan as Ultraman Great (ウルトラマンG（グレート）, Urutoraman Gurēto), is an English-language tokusatsu science fiction television series produced by Japanese company Tsuburaya in partnership with the South Australian Film Corporation (SAFC). It is the tenth instalment in the Ultra Series, the first series to be produced during Japan's Heisei period and the second English-language production in the franchise after Ultraman: The Adventure Begins.

Despite being filmed in South Australia, the series did not initially air in Australia and instead was released direct to video and LaserDisc in Japan on 25 September 1990. The series aired in Japan in 1991 (rerun in 1995), and in the United States in 1992. The success of the series in the U.S. would inspire the creation of a follow-up production filmed there, Ultraman: The Ultimate Hero.

Japanese Movie Database
The Japanese Movie Database (日本映画データベース, Nihon Eiga Dētabēsu), more commonly known as simply JMDb, is an online database of information about Japanese movies, actors, and production crew personnel. It is similar to the Internet Movie Database but lists only those films initially released in Japan. Y. Nomura started the site in 1997, and it contains movies from 1899 (Second Year of Movies in Japan recorded) to the present day.
Partida da Monção
Estudo para Partida da Monção or Departure for Monsoon is an oil painting on a canvas that was completed in 1897 by Brazilian painter Almeida Júnior, a representation of Brazilian naturalism and realism.

Currently, the work is housed at the Museu do Ipiranga in São Paulo. It is quite a large painting, with dimensions of 390 by 640 centimeters (13 by 21 feet).

The "monsoon" is a reference to the Portuguese term for a river expedition from coastal to inland Brazil, known as "monsoons", which were common during the late 18th and early 19th centuries. The painting has a scene of the Port of Araritaguaba (now Porto Feliz, in São Paulo), on the banks of the Tietê River. The destination was Cuiabá, located in Mato Grosso, Brazil.

Porto Feliz
Porto Feliz (Portuguese: Happy Haven) is a municipality in the Brazilian state of São Paulo. It is part of the Metropolitan Region of Sorocaba. The population is 53,402 (2020 est.) in an area of 556.69 km2. The elevation is 523 m. The largest factory in the city called a Porto Feliz S/A is responsible for the demand for corrugated cardboard packaging of the entire state and all Brazil. The mother of Queen Silvia of Sweden, Alice Soares de Toledo, was born in this city.
2006 Women's Australian Hockey League
The 2006 Women's Australian Hockey League was the 14th edition women's field hockey tournament. The tournament was held between 7 April – 14 May 2006.

WA Diamonds won the tournament for the third time after defeating QLD Scorchers 4–2 in the final. Canberra Strikers finished in third place after defeating NSW Arrows 2–1 in the third and fourth place playoff.

Canberra Labor Club Strikers
The Canberra Labor Club Strikers are a nationally competing women's field hockey team based in Australian Capital Territory. Coached by Mark Stafford, they compete in the Australian Hockey League. They are captained by Shelley Watson and Meredith Bone. They have not won the AHL title to date, but have been runners-up on 4 occasions.
Bucculatrix magnella
Bucculatrix magnella is a moth in the family Bucculatricidae. It was described in 1875 by Vactor Tousey Chambers. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Alabama, Illinois, Florida, Louisiana, Maine, Mississippi, Missouri and Texas.

Vactor Tousey Chambers
Vactor Tousey Chambers (commonly V. T. Chambers) (6 August 1830, Burlington, Kentucky – 7 August 1883, in Covington, Kentucky) was an American entomologist who specialized in Microlepidoptera. He along with James Brackenridge Clemens, was a pioneer in the study of these insects. He described many new species, with particularly many now placed in Gelechioidea.
Riverina Times
The Riverina Times  is an English language newspaper published in Hay, New South Wales, from November 1900 until 1902.      
The full title of the newspaper was Riverina Times, Hay Standard and Journal of Water Conservation.  It was published by John Andrew (1828 - 1902), a publisher and newspaper-proprietor at Deniliquin and Hay from the 1860s.  The Riverina Times was essentially a continuation of The Hay Standard, first published at Hay in 1871.

Hay, New South Wales
Hay is a town in the western Riverina region of south-western New South Wales, Australia. It is the administrative centre of Hay Shire local government area and the centre of a prosperous and productive agricultural district on the wide Hay Plains.

Located approximately midway between Sydney and Adelaide at the junction of the Sturt, Cobb and Mid-Western Highways, Hay is an important regional and national transport node. The town itself is built beside the Murrumbidgee River, part of the Murray–Darling river system; Australia's largest. The main business district of Hay is situated on the north bank of the river.
Zeta Normae
Zeta Normae, Latinised from ζ Normae, is a solitary, yellow-white hued star in the southern constellation of Norma. With an apparent visual magnitude of 5.81, it is a dim star near the lower limit of visibility for the naked eye. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 14.2 mas as seen from Earth, this system is located approximately 230 light years from the Sun. It is advancing in the general direction of the Sun with a radial velocity of −45.6 km/s.

This is an evolved F-type giant  star with a stellar classification of F2 III that has swollen and cooled off the main sequence after consuming the hydrogen at its core. It is an estimated 1.5 billion years old with 1.74 times the mass of the Sun and 3.2 times the Sun's radius. Zeta Normae is radiating approximately 19 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 6,743 K.

Giant star
A giant star has a substantially larger radius and luminosity than a main-sequence (or dwarf) star of the same surface temperature. They lie above the main sequence (luminosity class V in the Yerkes spectral classification) on the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram and correspond to luminosity classes II and III. The terms giant and dwarf were coined for stars of quite different luminosity despite similar temperature or spectral type (namely K and M) by Ejnar Hertzsprung in 1905 or 1906.

Giant stars have radii up to a few hundred times the Sun and luminosities over 10  times that of the Sun. Stars still more luminous than giants are referred to as supergiants and hypergiants.

A hot, luminous main-sequence star may also be referred to as a giant, but any main-sequence star is properly called a dwarf, regardless of how large and luminous it is.
Marangaroo, Western Australia
Marangaroo is a suburb of Perth, Western Australia.  It is located approximately 18 kilometres (11 mi) north of Perth City, within the City of Wanneroo. Marangaroo's borders comprise Wanneroo Road, Hepburn Avenue, Mirrabooka Avenue and Marangaroo Drive.

Marangaroo means place of blue flowers in the local Aboriginal language. It is home to the Marangaroo Golf Course  and two primary schools – Marangaroo Primary School which was established in 1987 and Rawlinson Primary School which was established in 2003.

Paralympic athlete Sarah Edmiston is from Marangaroo.

Perth Busport
Perth Busport is an underground central bus station in Perth, Western Australia, located underneath Wellington Street. It was officially opened by then Premier of Western Australia Colin Barnett and then Minister for Transport Dean Nalder on 13 July 2016.
Basic Education Development Index
The Basic Education Development Index (Portuguese: Índice de Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica; IDEB) is an indicator created by the Brazilian federal government to measure the quality of education in public schools. The latest IDEB, conducted in 2023, reports a score of 6.0 for Brazil in the early years, 5.0 in the later years of primary education, and 4.3 in secondary education.

Federal government of Brazil
The Federal Government of Brazil (Governo Federal) is the national government of the Federative Republic of Brazil, a republic in South America divided into 26 states and a federal district. The Brazilian federal government is divided into three branches: the executive, which is headed by the President and the cabinet; the legislative, whose powers are vested by the Constitution in the National Congress; and the judiciary, whose powers are vested in nine organs, including the Supreme Federal Court and lower federal courts. The seat of the federal government is located in Brasília.
Yume de Aetara
Yume de Aetara ("If I see you in my dreams") refers to:

Yume de Aetara (夢であえたら), a manga by HANAKO and the anime adaptation, serialized 1994–2000, distributed as If I See You in My Dreams in the United States

"Yume de Aetara" (song) (夢で逢えたら), a 2006 song by Dragon Ash

Yume de Aetara (song)
"Yume de Aetara" (official title: 夢で逢えたら) is the seventeenth maxi single by Dragon Ash; released in late 2006. Like their previous two singles, this single was part of the countdown to Dragon Ash's tenth anniversary album Independiente released in 2007.

The single also includes remixes of the title tracks from Dragon Ash's previous two singles, Ivory and Few Lights Till Night.

Yume de Aetara is also the name of a 1990s manga and subsequent anime series; though it shares nothing in common with the single except for its name, which translates to "if we met in my dream".
Blasphemy law in Malaysia
Malaysia curbs blasphemy and any insult to religion or to the religious by rigorous control of what people in that country can say or do. Government-funded schools teach young Muslims the principles of Sunni Islam, and instruct young non-Muslims on morals. The government informs the citizenry on proper behavior and attitudes, and ensures that Muslim civil servants take courses in Sunni Islam. The government ensures that the broadcasting and publishing media do not create disharmony or disobedience. If someone blasphemes or otherwise engages in deviant behavior, Malaysia punishes such transgression with Sharia (for Muslims only) or through legislation such as the Penal Code (for both Muslims and non-Muslims).

Penal Code (Malaysia)
The Penal Code (Malay: Kanun Keseksaan lit. 'Canon of Punishment') is the primary law that codifies most criminal offences and procedures in Malaysia. Majority of criminal offences such as murder, theft, robbery, rape, forgery, rioting, terrorism and treason fall under the purview of this Code. The current form of Malaysian Penal Code was originated from the Federated Malay States Penal Code enacted in 1936, which has many similarities with the Indian Penal Code.
Stanley symmetric function
In mathematics and especially in algebraic combinatorics, the Stanley symmetric functions are a family of symmetric functions introduced by Richard Stanley (1984) in his study of the symmetric group of permutations.

Formally, the Stanley symmetric function Fw(x1, x2, ...) indexed by a permutation w is defined as a sum of certain fundamental quasisymmetric functions.  Each summand corresponds to a reduced decomposition of w, that is, to a way of writing w as a product of a minimal possible number of adjacent transpositions.  They were introduced in the course of Stanley's enumeration of the reduced decompositions of permutations, and in particular his proof that the permutation w0 = n(n − 1)...21 (written here in one-line notation) has exactly

reduced decompositions.  (Here  denotes the binomial coefficient n(n − 1)/2 and ! denotes the factorial.)

Richard P. Stanley
Richard Peter Stanley (born June 23, 1944) is an Emeritus Professor of Mathematics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and an Arts and Sciences Distinguished Scholar at the University of Miami. From 2000 to 2010, he was the Norman Levinson Professor of Applied Mathematics.   He received his Ph.D. at Harvard University in 1971 under the supervision of Gian-Carlo Rota. He is an expert in the field of combinatorics and its applications to other mathematical disciplines.
John Hoffman (filmmaker)
John Hoffman (29 August 1904, in Hungary – 6 January 1980, in Altadena, California), was an American editor of montage sequences for several Hollywood studio features. He also directed a number of films, including The Wreck of the Hesperus and Strange Confession.

With his colleague, the Serbian montagist Slavko Vorkapich, Hoffman made two striking visual tone poems, Moods of the Sea (a.k.a. Fingal's Cave, 1941) and Forest Murmurs (1947). The former film is set to Felix Mendelssohn's Hebrides Overture and was restored in 2004 by film preservation expert David Shepard.

David Shepard (film preservationist)
David Haspel Shepard (October 22, 1940 – January 31, 2017) was an American film preservationist whose company, Film Preservation Associates, is responsible for many high-quality video versions of silent films. Some come from the Blackhawk Films library (owned by Shepard) and others from materials owned by private collectors and film archives around the world.
Footscray RUFC
Footscray RUFC is a rugby union club based in New Eltham, South East London. The club has three men's teams, a women's team and a mini rugby section.

The club was formed in 1967 by workers at the Kolster-Brandes (later ITT, and then STC) Factory in Foots Cray, Kent. In the early 90s, STC closed the Foots Cray site and the side became homeless, playing home games at a local school for a period. The club moved to New Eltham in 1995.

The club hosts the annual Footscray 7s tournament on the first Saturday in May. The rugby sevens tournament attracts high quality entrants from across the country.

Standard Telephones and Cables
Standard Telephones and Cables Ltd (later STC plc) was a British manufacturer of telephone, telegraph, radio, telecommunications, and related equipment. During its history, STC invented and developed several groundbreaking new technologies including pulse-code modulation (PCM) and optical fibres.

The company was founded in 1883 in London as International Western Electric by the Western Electric Company, shortly after Western Electric became the telephone equipment supplier for the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T) in the United States. In 1925, Western Electric divested itself of all foreign operations and sold International Western Electric to International Telephone and Telegraph (ITT), in part to thwart antitrust actions by the American government. In mid-1982, STC became an independent company and was listed on the London Stock Exchange; for a time it was a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. It was bought by Nortel in 1991.
Furcadia
Furcadia is a free-to-play MMOSG/MMORPG or graphical MUD, set in a fantasy world inhabited by magical creatures. The game is based on user-created content with emphasis on world building tools, exploring, socializing, and free-form roleplaying. Furcadia hosts a large volunteer program called the Beekin Helpers, allowing players to help with community moderation, welcoming new players, handling in-game technical support, running in game events, creating art for the game itself, accessing and updating the game's website, and bug hunting. Furcadia holds the Guinness World Records title for the longest continuously running social MMORPG and, in addition to being one of the first games to heavily encourage modding and let users build virtual worlds for themselves, it was also one of the first freemium online games. In 2008, Furcadia was reported as having over 60,000 players.

Software bug
A software bug is a defect (bug) in computer software. A computer program with many or serious bugs may be described as buggy.

The effects of a software bug range from minor (such as a misspelled word in the user interface) to severe (such as frequent crashing).

In 2002, a study commissioned by the US Department of Commerce's National Institute of Standards and Technology concluded that "software bugs, or errors, are so prevalent and so detrimental that they cost the US economy an estimated $59 billion annually, or about 0.6 percent of the gross domestic product".

Since the 1950s, some computer systems have been designed to detect or auto-correct various software errors during operations.