hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ford Spinks
Ford Belmont Spinks, Sr. (April 5, 1927 – July 27, 2016) was an American politician who was a Democratic member of the Georgia State Senate from 1962 to 1971. After his senate term, he was a public services commissioner of Georgia from 1971 to 1989. He was a farm equipment dealer.

Spinks died on July 27, 2016.

Georgia State Senate
The Georgia State Senate is the upper house of the Georgia General Assembly, in the U.S. state of Georgia. The Georgia State Senate and the lower house of the General Assembly, the Georgia House of Representatives, comprise the bicameral legislature of the state. Combined, the Senate and the House maintain authority under Article III. of the 1983 Constitution of Georgia to enact laws "necessary and proper for the welfare of the state", although state law is subordinate to the state constitution, the United States Constitution, and federal law.

Like most upper houses in the United States, the Senate has the exclusive power to confirm various appointments made by the governor of Georgia, and to try cases of impeachment brought by the House. The Senate is often considered a springboard for those ultimately seeking higher office; all of the state's most recent governors have served in the State Senate.
Millard Robinson
Millard P. Robinson Sr. (c. 1913 – June 10, 1999) was a minor league baseball player and high school and college American football coach. He served as the head football coach at Swarthmore High School in Swarthmore, Pennsylvania from 1949 to 1972 and at Swarthmore College in 1973.

Robinson played college football at West Chester State Teachers College—now known as West Chester University—in West Chester, Pennsylvania under head coach Glenn Killinger. He began his coaching and teaching career at Upper Yoder High School, near Johnstown, Pennsylvania. In 1939, Robinson was appointed he football coach at Prospect Park High School in Prospect Park, Pennsylvania. Following service in the United States Navy during World War II, Robinson return to coaching and teaching in 1946 at Swarthmore High School.

Robinson died at the age of 85 of a brain tumor, on June 10, 1999, at his home in Media, Pennsylvania.

Media, Pennsylvania
Media is a borough in and the county seat of Delaware County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is located about 13 miles (21 km) west of Philadelphia. It is part of the Delaware Valley, also known as the Philadelphia metropolitan area.

Media was incorporated in 1850 at the same time that it was named the county seat. As of the 2020 census, the population was 5,991.
Transport in Birmingham
Birmingham is a major transport hub, due in part to its location in central England.  The city is well connected by rail, road, and water. Public transport and key highways in the city are overseen by Transport for West Midlands (TfWM).

National Express West Midlands
National Express West Midlands (NXWM) is a bus operator in the West Midlands of England. It is a subsidiary of Mobico Group (formerly National Express Group).

NXWM operates services in Birmingham, Dudley, Sandwell, Walsall, Wolverhampton and Solihull, as well as express services from Birmingham to areas such as Cofton Hackett, Bromsgrove, and formerly to the city of Coventry (now operated by National Express Coventry).
Boy Carrying a Sword
Boy Carrying a Sword is an 1861 oil painting by the French artist Édouard Manet and is now displayed at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York. The work depicts a small boy costumed as a page of the Spanish court of the seventeenth century; he is holding a full-sized sword and sword belt. The work was later reproduced as an etching under the direction of Dijon painter and etcher Alphonse Legros who collaborated in the work.

According to Émile Zola, the work is typical of the influence of Spanish painters and shows the strong influence Diego Velázquez and Frans Hals had on Manet at the time.

The artist's model was Leon Leenhoff, the stepson of the artist after his marriage to Suzanne in 1862. Some report that Leon might have been Manet's actual son with Suzanne. Some other report that the father could have been Manet's own father, Auguste.

Page (servant)
A page or page boy is traditionally a young male attendant or servant, but may also have been a messenger in the service of a nobleman.

During wedding ceremonies, a page boy is often used as a symbolic attendant to carry the rings.
Women's National Book Association
The Women's National Book Association (WNBA) was established in 1917, as an organization to promote the role of women in the community of the book. This organization includes twelve active chapters in the United States, network members outside regional chapters, and corporate sponsorships. WNBA is a broad-based, non-profit, 501(c)(3) organization offering three distinguished national awards and a longstanding history of literary activism.

Constance Lindsay Skinner
Constance Lindsay Skinner (December 7, 1877 – March 27, 1939) was a Canadian writer, critic, historian and editor best known for having conceived the Rivers of America Series for the publisher Farrar & Rinehart.
Orthostatic syncope
Orthostatic syncope refers to syncope resulting from a postural decrease in blood pressure, termed orthostatic hypotension.

Orthostatic hypotension occurs when there is a persistent reduction in blood pressure of at least 20mmHg systolic or 10mmHg diastolic within three minutes of standing or being upright to 60 degrees on the head-up tilt table. In people with initial orthostatic hypotension, the decrease in blood pressure occurs within 15 seconds, while in those with delayed orthostatic hypotension it occurs after over three minutes of assuming an upright position.

Supine hypertension
Supine hypertension is a paradoxical elevation in blood pressure upon assuming a supine position from a standing or sitting position. It is assumed to be a manifestation of disorders of the autonomic nervous system or due to side effects of medications such as midodrine and droxidopa.
Andre Haughton
Andre Haughton is a Jamaican economist and politician.

Haughton was raised in Mount Salem, Saint James Parish, and attended Cornwall College before earning his master's degree in economics at the University of the West Indies, Mona. Haughton taught at UWI for two years, then began doctoral studies at the University of Essex, funded by the British Commonwealth Scholarship. Upon completing his doctoral degree, Haughton resumed teaching at UWI. He was later appointed a member of the board for the Students’ Loan Bureau.

In January 2019, Haughton accepted a nomination as People's National Party parliamentary candidate for Saint James West Central. On 14 April 2019, Haughton was appointed to the Senate of Jamaica to replace Noel Sloley. Haughton was sworn into office as a senator on 26 April 2019.

Saint James West Central
Saint James West Central is a parliamentary constituency represented in the House of Representatives of the Jamaican Parliament. It elects one Member of Parliament by the first past the post system of election. The constituency was first contested in the 1976 general election. The current MP is the Hon. Marlene Malahoo Forte of the Jamaica Labour Party who has been in office since 2016.
Renfrew County Catholic District School Board
The Renfrew County Catholic District School Board (RCCDSB, known as English-language Separate District School Board No. 28 prior to 1999)is the administrative body that manages the operations of the Catholic primary and secondary schools in the County of Renfrew in Ontario, Canada.

Renfrew County
Renfrew County is a county and census division in the Canadian province of Ontario. It is located on the west bank of the Ottawa River. There are 17 municipalities in the county. Its county seat is Pembroke, which is geographically within the county but administered independently.
50 Cent: The Money and the Power
50 Cent: The Money and the Power is an American reality television series which premiered November 6, 2008, on MTV. The show was hosted by 50 Cent and follows the same mold as The Apprentice. It was meant to serve as a "visual companion" to 50 Cent's book The 50th Law, which he co-wrote with Robert Greene, author of The 48 Laws of Power. The show was cancelled after one season.

Robert Greene (American author)
Robert Greene (born May 14, 1959) is an American author of books on strategy, power, and seduction. He has written seven international bestsellers, including The 48 Laws of Power, The Art of Seduction, The 33 Strategies of War, The 50th Law (with rapper 50 Cent), Mastery, The Laws of Human Nature, and The Daily Laws.

Born in 1959, Greene studied classical studies and worked a variety of jobs, before his first book was published in 1998. Greene frequently draws on analyses of past historical figures and events throughout his writing. Greene's works have been referenced by a wide variety of celebrities, political figures, and civil rights activists. He is the most banned author in prisons in the United States; many prisons ban his books as a security measure.
Drivex
Drivex is an auto racing team and school based in Spain. The team was founded by Pedro de la Rosa and Miguel Ángel de Castro in 2005 as a racing school. The racing team is run by Miguel Ángel de Castro. They compete in the F4 Spanish Championship and Eurocup-3.

Eurocup-3
Eurocup-3 is a formula racing series regulated according to Formula Regional regulations. The series is founded for levelling up the competition for all drivers, with each team committing on a maximum budget of €400,000 every season.
Klucz, Szczecin
Klucz is a part of the city of Szczecin, Poland, situated on the right bank of Oder river, in the southern part of the city.

The area became part of the emerging Duchy of Poland under its first ruler Mieszko I around 967, and following Poland's fragmentation in 1138, it formed part of the Duchy of Pomerania. During the Thirty Years' War, the settlement fell to the Swedish Empire. Later on, it passed to Prussia, and from 1871 to 1945 it was part of Germany, within which it was known as Klütz. In 1945, the area became part of Poland.

Civitas Schinesghe
Civitas Schinesghe (Ecclesiastical Latin: [ˈtʃivitas skiˈnesɡe]; Polish: Państwo Gnieźnieńskie), commonly referred to in historiography as the Duchy of Poland or the Principality of Poland, was the early medieval polity centered around Gniezno and ruled by the Piast dynasty. It emerged in the 10th century and is considered the predecessor state of the Kingdom of Poland, which was formally established in 1025.
Yoo Ji-tae
Yoo Ji-tae (Korean: 유지태; born April 13, 1976) is a South Korean actor. After a stint as a fashion model, Yoo launched his acting career in 1998 then rose to fame through the films Attack the Gas Station (1999) and Ditto (2000). In the succeeding years, he gained acting recognition by working with acclaimed directors such as Hur Jin-ho in One Fine Spring Day (2001), Park Chan-wook in Oldboy (2003), and Hong Sang-soo in Woman is the Future of Man (2004). Yoo began directing short films in 2003, which were well received in the film festival circuit. His feature directorial debut Mai Ratima was released in 2012.

BH Entertainment
BH Entertainment (Korean: 비에이치엔터테인먼트) is a South Korean entertainment agency founded by actor Lee Byung-hun and his long-time manager, Son Seok-woo, in 2006. Initially established as a one-man agency for the management of Lee's activities, the company has since grown to manage many actors throughout Asia.

Since 2018, BH Entertainment has been operating as a subsidiary of Kakao Entertainment. The company is home to many prominent actors in the South Korean entertainment industry, including Lee Byung-hun, Han Hyo-joo, Go Soo, Han Ga-in, Han Ji-min, Park Hae-soo, Lee Ji-ah, Kim Go-eun, Lee Jin-wook, Park Jin-young, and Park Bo-young.
The Shadow War of the Night Dragons
"The Shadow War of the Night Dragons, Book One: The Dead City" is a parody fantasy short story by John Scalzi. It was first published on Tor.com on April 1, 2011, and presented as an excerpt from a nonexistent larger work.

April Fools' Day
April Fools' Day or April Fool's Day (rarely called All Fools' Day) is an annual custom on the 1st of April consisting of practical jokes, hoaxes, and pranks. Jokesters often expose their actions by shouting "April Fool[s]!" at the recipient. Mass media can be involved with these pranks, which may be revealed as such the following day. The custom of setting aside a day for playing harmless pranks upon one's neighbor has been relatively common in the world historically.
Novakov
Novakov is the surname of:

Andrey Novakov (born 1988), Bulgarian politician

Anna Novakov (born 1959), Serbian-American art historian and curator

Anton Novakov (died 1938), Bessarabian industrialist and politician

Boncho Novakov (born 1935), Bulgarian cyclist

Dusan Novakov (fl. 1968), Yugoslavian rugby union footballer - see List of SFR Yugoslavia national rugby union players

Tihomir Novakov (1929–2015), Serbian-born American physicist

Vlatko Novakov (born 1978), Macedonian footballer

Tihomir Novakov
Tihomir Novakov, also known as Tica Novakov (March 16, 1929 – January 2, 2015) was a Serbian-born American physicist. As a scientist, Novakov is known for his black carbon, air quality, and climate change research. James Hansen dubbed him "the godfather of black carbon".
Polo (fragrance)
Polo is one of the two first perfumes by Ralph Lauren Corporation. It was created by Carlos Benaïm in 1978, and  won a FiFi Award  in 1979.
Polo is  a  masculine perfume, and does not contain floral notes apart from chamomile. The opening is green and fresh, including grassy notes of artemisia, basil and thyme, with spicy notes of cumin, coriander and cloves. The heart contains conifer woods,  patchouli, oakmoss and vetiver. The base contains leather, tobacco and thyme. Polo is a woody chypre, like Aromatics Elixir by Clinique (1972).

Carlos Benaïm was named Master Perfumer in 2013, the first perfumer so designated  at International Flavors & Fragrances. He has also created fragrances for Armani, Calvin Klein, Givenchy, and Yves Saint Laurent.

Clinique
Clinique Laboratories, LLC (/klɪˈniːk/) is an American manufacturer of skincare, cosmetics, toiletries and fragrances, usually sold in high-end department stores. It is a subsidiary of the Estée Lauder Companies.
2009–10 Pro A season
The 2009–10 LNB Pro A season was the 88th season of the French Basketball Championship and the 23rd season since inception of the Ligue Nationale de Basketball (LNB). The regular season started on October 3, 2009 and ended on May 11, 2010. The play-offs were held from May 18, 2010 till June 13, 2010.

Cholet Basket, after finishing first of the regular season, won the French Pro A League by defeating Le Mans SB in playoffs final (81-65).

Élan Béarnais
Élan Béarnais Pau-Lacq-Orthez, also known as simply Élan Béarnais (French pronunciation: [e.lɑ̃ be.aʁ.nɛ]), and formerly known as Élan Béarnais Pau-Orthez, is a French professional basketball club that is based in Pau. They compete in the top-tier French league, the LNB Pro B. They are one of the most successful clubs in French basketball history, as they have won nine French League championships and have had European-wide successes as well.
Jaime Nava
Jaime Nava de Olano (born in Madrid, 1 May 1983) is a Spanish retired rugby union player. He was a Spanish rugby union (FER) and sevens international. In addition to being frequently called up for Spain, he was also captain; with 79 caps, he is the second player with most international caps for his country. Currently he collaborates with FER as rugby ambassador for Spain. Furthermore, in the later years he was known publicly after his stint on the RTVE cooking show MasterChef Celebrity and for his role as secondary actor in the series La Unidad, aired by Movistar+. In October 2020 he published his first book TEAM! Lecciones y valores del rugby para la vida (Diëresis).

Spanish Rugby Federation
The Royal Spanish Rugby Federation (Spanish: Real Federación Española de Rugby) is the governing body for the sport of rugby union in Spain.

The Spanish Rugby Federation was founded in 1923, and joined the International Rugby Football Board, later known as the International Rugby Board and now as World Rugby, in 1988. It is located in Madrid.
Content-based image retrieval
Content-based image retrieval, also known as query by image content (QBIC) and content-based visual information retrieval (CBVIR), is the application of computer vision techniques to the image retrieval problem, that is, the problem of searching for digital images in large databases (see this survey for a scientific overview of the CBIR field). Content-based image retrieval is opposed to traditional concept-based approaches (see Concept-based image indexing).

"Content-based" means that the search analyzes the contents of the image rather than the metadata such as keywords, tags, or descriptions associated with the image. The term "content" in this context might refer to colors, shapes, textures, or any other information that can be derived from the image itself.  CBIR is desirable because searches that rely purely on metadata are dependent on annotation quality and completeness.

Digital image
A digital image is an image composed of picture elements, also known as pixels, each with finite, discrete quantities of numeric representation for its intensity or gray level that is an output from its two-dimensional functions fed as input by its spatial coordinates denoted with x, y on the x-axis and y-axis, respectively. An image can be vector or raster type. By itself, the term "digital image" usually refers to raster images or bitmapped images (as opposed to vector images).
Cathalán ua Corcráin
Cathalán ua Corcráin, Irish Abbot, died 1001.

Cathalán bore a suffix that in his or the next generation became the surname Ó Corcráin, a surname held by two at least two unrelated families. One was a Brehon family from County Fermanagh, a second were situated in Munster. Cathalán probably belonged to the Fermanagh family, as he his obit in the Annals of the Four Masters state he was abb Daimhinsi or Abbot of Devenish Island upon his death.

Annals of the Four Masters
The Annals of the Kingdom of Ireland (Middle Irish: Annála Ríoghachta Éireann) or the Annals of the Four Masters (Annála na gCeithre Máistrí) are chronicles of medieval Irish history. The entries span from the Deluge, dated as 2,242 years after creation to AD 1616.

The work was compiled between 1632 and 1636 under the direction of Mícheál Ó Cléirigh and his collaborators, collectively known as the Four Masters. According to modern scholarship, the compilation began at the Franciscan house of refuge at Bundrowes (Bun Drobhaoise) in Bundoran, County Donegal, which served as a base for the friars following the destruction of their original monastery at Donegal Town.
Natural history
Natural history is a domain of inquiry involving organisms, including animals, fungi, and plants, in their natural environment, leaning more towards observational than experimental methods of study. A person who studies natural history is called a naturalist or natural historian.

Natural history encompasses scientific research but is not limited to it. It involves the systematic study of any category of natural objects or organisms, so while it dates from studies in the ancient Greco-Roman world and the mediaeval Arabic world, through to European Renaissance naturalists working in near isolation, today's natural history is a cross-discipline umbrella of many specialty sciences; e.g., geobiology has a strong multidisciplinary nature.

Mycology
Mycology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of fungi, including their taxonomy, genetics, biochemical properties, and use by humans. Fungi can be a source of tinder, food, traditional medicine, as well as entheogens, poison, and infection. Yeasts are among the most heavily utilized members of the fungus kingdom, particularly in food manufacturing.

Mycology branches into the field of phytopathology, the study of plant diseases. The two disciplines are closely related, because the vast majority of plant pathogens are fungi. A biologist specializing in mycology is called a mycologist.
2022 Cotabato City local elections
Local elections took place in Cotabato City on May 9, 2022 within the Philippine general election. Registered voters of the city elected candidates for the following elective local posts: mayor, vice mayor. The city is also within Maguindanao's 1st district.

Maguindanao's 1st congressional district
Maguindanao's 1st congressional district was one of the two congressional districts of the Philippines in the province of Maguindanao. It was represented in the House of Representatives from 1987 to 2022. The district stretched along the Moro Gulf coast of western Maguindanao and includes Cotabato City, an independent port city. Barira, Buldon, Datu Blah T. Sinsuat, Datu Odin Sinsuat, Kabuntalan, Matanog, Northern Kabuntalan, Parang, Sultan Kudarat, Sultan Mastura and Upi are the district's constituent municipalities. From 2006 to 2008, the district was briefly replaced by the lone district of Shariff Kabunsuan, a short-lived province that was carved out of the same area in Maguindanao and which was eventually nullified by the Supreme Court. It was last represented in the 19th Congress by Sittie Shahara Mastura of Lakas-CMD, who was later redistricted to at-large district of the newly established province of Maguindanao del Norte in 2022.
History of copyright law of the United States
The copyright law of the United States has a long and complicated history, dating back to the Colonial history of the United States. It was established as federal law with the Copyright Act of 1790. This act was updated many times, including a major revision in 1976.

Compulsory license
A compulsory license provides that the owner of a patent or copyright licenses the use of their rights against payment either set by law or determined through some form of adjudication or arbitration. In essence, under a compulsory license, an individual or company seeking to use another's intellectual property can do so without seeking the rights holder's consent, and pays the rights holder a set fee for the license. This is an exception to the general rule under intellectual property laws that the intellectual property owner enjoys exclusive rights that it may license—or decline to license—to others.

Under UK patent law, a compulsory license is different from a statutory license. Under statutory license, the rate is fixed by law, whereas in case of compulsory license, the rate is left to be negotiated or decided in court.
Culture of the Russian Armed Forces
The Culture of the Russian Armed Forces is widely varied, but unique amongst the branches of the armed forces, and shared with the other uniformed organizations within Russia. Military culture is the most important component of military life. The major cultural events held by the Russian military are primarily aimed at strengthening esprit de corps as well as advancing the historical traditions of the Armed Forces of Russia. The Ministry of Defence of Russia regularly holds cultural events at various levels. The central cultural institutions of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation are actively working in all military districts.

Order of the Red Star
The Order of the Red Star (Russian: Орден Красной Звезды, romanised: Orden Krasnoy Zvezdy) was a military decoration of the Soviet Union.  It was established by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of 6 April 1930 but its statute was only defined in decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of 5 May 1930. That statute was amended by decrees of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of 7 May 1936, of 19 June 1943, of 26 February 1946, of 15 October 1947, of 16 December 1947 and by decree No 1803-X of 28 March 1980.