hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Puppet state
A puppet state, puppet régime, puppet government or dummy government is a state that is de jure independent but de facto completely dependent upon an outside power and subject to its orders. Puppet states have nominal sovereignty, except that a foreign power effectively exercises control through economic or military support. By leaving a local government in existence the outside power evades all responsibility, while at the same time successfully paralysing the local government they tolerate.

Puppet states differ from allies, who choose their actions of their own initiative or in accordance with treaties they have voluntarily entered. Puppet states are forced into legally endorsing actions already taken by a foreign power.

Alliance
An alliance is a relationship among people, groups, or states that have joined together for mutual benefit or to achieve some common purpose, whether an explicit agreement has been worked out among them. Members of an alliance are called allies. Alliances form in many settings, including political alliances, military alliances, and business alliances.
Rick Sanchez (journalist)
Ricardo León Sánchez de Reinaldo (born July 3, 1958) is a Cuban-American journalist, radio host, and author. After working as the lead local anchor on Miami's WSVN, Sánchez moved to cable news, first as a daytime anchor at MSNBC, later at CNN, where he began as a correspondent and ultimately rose to become an anchor. On CNN, he hosted a show Rick's List and served as a contributor to Anderson Cooper 360° and CNN International, where he frequently reported and translated between English and Spanish. Sánchez was fired from CNN on October 1, 2010, following controversial remarks he made on a radio program. In July 2011, Sánchez was hired by Florida International University, to serve as a color commentator for radio broadcasts of the school's football team. He worked as a columnist for Fox News and Fox News Latino, and a former correspondent for Spanish language network Mundo Fox. He began working for RT in 2019, where he has hosted several shows, and moved to Moscow in 2025.

FIU Panthers football
FIU Panthers football program represents Florida International University (FIU) in the sport of American football. The Panthers compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the East Division of Conference USA (CUSA). The Panthers' head coach is Willie Simmons. FIU has produced a Sun Belt Conference co-championship team in 2010, along with 3 postseason bowl appearances. The Panthers play their home games at Pitbull Stadium, which has a seating capacity of 20,000.
United States v. Barker
United States v. Barker, 15 U.S. (2 Wheat.) 395 (1817), was a case decided by the United States Supreme Court upholding the common law tradition that private citizens may not demand costs from the federal government. The case involved a motion for costs filed against the United States Government and resolved the previously unanswered question of whether courts could award costs against the United States federal government. The Court's opinion read, in its entirety, "The United States never pay costs." Jurists have remarked that Chief Justice John Marshall's six-word opinion is one of the shortest Supreme Court cases ever written.

Motion (legal)
In United States law, a motion is a procedural device to bring a limited, contested issue before a court for decision. It is a request to the judge (or judges) to make a decision about the case. Motions may be made at any point in administrative, criminal or civil proceedings, although that right is regulated by court rules which vary from place to place. The party requesting the motion is the moving party or movant. The party opposing the motion is the nonmoving party or nonmovant.
Cathal mac Murchadh
Cathal mac Murchadh was 29th King of Uí Maine, died 816.

Cathal mac Murchadh was killed at "The battle of Rath Fhearadh by the chieftains of Ui Briuin, Diarmaid, son of Tomaltach, and Maelcothaigh, son of Fogartach in Dealbhna Nuadhat, between the Suca and the Sinnainn, where Cathal and many other nobles along with him were slain."

He is one of two kings of Ui Maine listed in the obits sub anno 816. Dub Dá Leithe mac Tomaltach is listed as "chief of Ui Maine (?)" in the Annals of Ulster, with apparently a question concerning his rule. Cathal is listed as king in the above extract from the Annals of the Four Masters. The confusion may arise from one been a short-lived successor to the other.

Annals of the Four Masters
The Annals of the Kingdom of Ireland (Middle Irish: Annála Ríoghachta Éireann) or the Annals of the Four Masters (Annála na gCeithre Máistrí) are chronicles of medieval Irish history. The entries span from the Deluge, dated as 2,242 years after creation to AD 1616.

The work was compiled between 1632 and 1636 under the direction of Mícheál Ó Cléirigh and his collaborators, collectively known as the Four Masters. According to modern scholarship, the compilation began at the Franciscan house of refuge at Bundrowes (Bun Drobhaoise) in Bundoran, County Donegal, which served as a base for the friars following the destruction of their original monastery at Donegal Town.
Panmure Castle
Panmure Castle was a castle that was located to the north-west of Muirdrum, Angus, Scotland.

The castle was owned by the de Valognes family, until the castle passed by marriage of Christina de Valognes to Peter Maule of Fowlis. The stone castle is thought to have been built by Peter Maule around 1224 and was destroyed by Andrew Murray of Avoch and Petty during the Second War of Scottish Independence in 1336.
The castle was the ancestral home of the Maule family of Panmure from the 13th century to the 17th century, when it was replaced by Panmure House in the 17th century.

In 1485 Alexander Garden killed John Jamesone by throwing a stone at him from the castle, and he was forgiven by James IV for this crime in December 1507.

The ruins of the castle and moat has been designated as a Scheduled Monument by Historic Environment Scotland.

Historic Environment Scotland
Historic Environment Scotland (HES) (Scottish Gaelic: Àrainneachd Eachdraidheil Alba) is an executive non-departmental public body responsible for investigating, caring for and promoting Scotland's historic environment. HES was formed in 2015 from the merger of government agency Historic Scotland with the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland (RCAHMS).
Heritage Square Museum
Heritage Square Museum is a living history and open-air architecture museum located beside the Arroyo Seco Parkway in the Montecito Heights neighborhood of Los Angeles, California, in the southern Arroyo Seco area. The living history museum shows the story of development in Southern California through historical architectural examples.

The museum focuses on interpreting the years 1850 to 1950, a century of unprecedented growth in Los Angeles. Volunteer interpreters give thorough tours that incorporate the history, architecture, and culture of the region. Other specialized living history events, lectures, and items of historical interest are given on a periodic basis.

Living museum
A living museum, also known as a living history museum, is a type of museum which recreates historical settings to simulate a past time period, providing visitors with an experiential interpretation of history.  It is a type of museum that recreates to the fullest extent conditions of a culture, natural environment or historical period, in an example of living history.
Universal Health Services
Universal Health Services, Inc. (UHS) is an American Fortune 500 company  that provides hospital and healthcare services, based in King of Prussia, Pennsylvania. In 2024, UHS reported total revenues of $15.8 billion.

Fortune 500
The Fortune 500 is an annual list compiled and published by Fortune magazine that ranks 500 of the largest United States corporations by total revenue for their respective fiscal years. The list includes publicly held companies, along with privately held companies for which revenues are publicly available. The concept of the Fortune 500 was created by Edgar P. Smith, a Fortune editor, and the first list was published in 1955. The Fortune 500 is more commonly used than its subset Fortune 100 or superset Fortune 1000.
Sean Townsend
Sean Lanier Townsend (born January 20, 1979, in Temple, Texas) is an American artistic gymnast. He was a member of the United States men's national artistic gymnastics team and competed at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia and 1999 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships. He was part of the 2001 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships team where he became world champion on Parallel Bars and helped his team win a silver medal in the Team final. He also qualified for the men's individual all-around final where he placed 8th.

In 2001, he was a finalist for the James E. Sullivan Award.

2001 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships
The 35th Artistic Gymnastics World Championships were held in Ghent, Belgium, in 2001 at the Flanders Sports Arena. This was the first Worlds at which the 6-3-3—six athletes per team, three compete, all three scores count—format was used in team finals. 2001 Worlds was also the last World Championships in which three gymnasts per country were permitted to advance to the all-around finals.
West Glacier station
West Glacier station is a station stop for the Amtrak Empire Builder in West Glacier, Montana. The station building, constructed in 1910 and enlarged in 1935, was donated to the Glacier Natural History Association in 1991 and now houses the offices and bookstore of the Glacier National Park Conservancy. Amtrak ticketing and other passenger services are not available. The adjacent track and platform continue to be owned by BNSF Railway. The station is historically known as Belton, and that former name continues to be displayed on the station building.

Empire Builder
The Empire Builder is a daily long-distance passenger train operated by Amtrak between Chicago and either Seattle or Portland via two sections west of Spokane. Introduced in 1929, it was the flagship passenger train of the Great Northern Railway and was retained by Amtrak when it took over intercity rail service in 1971.

The end-to-end travel time of the route is 45–46 hours for an average speed of about 50 mph (80 km/h), though the train travels as fast as 79 mph (127 km/h) over the majority of the route. It is Amtrak's busiest long-distance route.

During fiscal year 2023, the Empire Builder carried 338,993 passengers, an increase of 15.0% from FY2022 but 21.8% below pre-COVID-19 levels (433,372 passengers during FY2019). During FY2022, the train had a total revenue of $49,600,000.
Egypt at the 2008 Summer Paralympics
Egypt sent a delegation to compete at the 2008 Summer Paralympics in Beijing, China.   The 38 member strong team won 12 medals, 4 gold, 4 silver and 4 bronze.  Sports Egypt participated in included athletics, powerlifting and table tennis Among Egypt's representatives included Fatma Omar and Sherif Othman in powerlifting, Mohammed Beshta, Mahmoud El-Attar, Hossam Abdel Kader and Mohammed El-Sayed Abdel Kader in athletics and Fayza Hafez in table tennis.

Sherif Othman
Sherif Othman, more commonly written internationally as Sherif Osman, (born 15 September 1982) is an Egyptian Paralympic powerlifter competing in the -56 kg class. Othman has participated in four Summer Paralympic Games winning three gold medals and one silver medal. In the 2008 Summer Paralympics in Beijing he broke the world record with a lift of 202.5 kg. He surpassed his own record when he record a weight of 205 kg at the 2010 IPC Powerlifting World Championship. Then he surpassed his own record again of 205 kg when he record a weight of 211 kg at 2016 Summer Paralympics Games (Rio 2016) winning another gold medal.

In 2021, he won the gold medal in his event at the 2021 World Para Powerlifting Championships held in Tbilisi, Georgia.
1990 Toray Pan Pacific Open
The 1990 Toray Pan Pacific Open was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Yoyogi National Gymnasium in Tokyo, Japan that was part of the Tier II Series of the 1990 WTA Tour. It was the seventh edition of the Pan Pacific Open and took place from 29 January through 4 February 1990. First-seeded Steffi Graf won the singles title and earned $70,000 first-prize money as well as 300 ranking points.

WTA Tier II tournaments
The WTA Tier II tournaments were Women's Tennis Association tennis second-level tournaments held from 1990 until the end of the 2008 season. The line-up of events varied over the years, with tournaments being promoted, demoted or cancelled.

From 2009 WTA Tour, WTA changed tournament categories, so that majority of Tier I and Tier II tournaments from the previous season were in one category, the WTA Premier Tournaments.
Vanity (Ai Otsuka song)
"Vanity" is a song by Japanese singer-songwriter Ai Otsuka, released as a digital single on July 14, 2023, through Avex Trax. The song was composed and produced by Shinichi Osawa, marking this as the first collaboration between these two artists.

Shinichi Osawa
Shinichi Osawa (Japanese: 大沢 伸一, Hepburn: Ōsawa Shin'ichi; born 7 February 1967), also known by his stage name Mondo Grosso, is a Japanese musician, DJ, record producer and composer. Over the course of his career, he has worked in genres ranging from acid jazz to house, with strong influences of underground club music, though his recent work has been in the genre of electro house. HMV Japan rated Mondo Grosso at number 95 on their "Top 100 Japanese Pop Artists," and Shinichi Osawa was ranked as Japan's number 3 overall DJ by TopDeejays.com as of 2016.
Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Grodno
Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary (Belarusian: Касцёл Найсвяцейшай Дзевы Марыі; Lithuanian: Švenčiausios Mergelės Marijos bažnyčia; Polish: Kościół Najświętszej Maryi Panny) was a Roman Catholic parish church in the city of Grodno. It was founded by Vytautas, Grand Duke of Lithuania before 1389 during the Christianization of Lithuania. Because of its founder, it was commonly referred to as Vytautas' Church (Belarusian: Фара Вітаўта; Lithuanian: Vytauto bažnyčia; Polish: fara witoldowa). Rebuilt as a Gothic church around 1494, it was one of Grodno's principal Catholic churches until the post-World War II Soviet occupation. It was used by the Russian Orthodox Church since 1804 for roughly a century after the Catholic church was confiscated by the Russian Tsar. It was given back to the Roman Catholic Church during the interwar and World War II, except during the Soviet occupation of 1940–1941. Neglected in the aftermath of World War II, it was finally demolished in 1961.

Vytautas the Great
Vytautas the Great (/vɪˈtaʊtəs/; c. 1350 – 27 October 1430) was a ruler of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, first as regent for his cousin Jogaila (1392–1401) and then as the Grand Duke alongside him (1401–1430). He was also the prince of Grodno (1370–1382) and the prince of Lutsk (1387–1389), as well claimant to the titles of King of the Hussites and King of Lithuania.

In modern Lithuania, Vytautas is revered as a national hero and was an important figure in the national rebirth in the 19th century. Vytautas is a popular male given name in Lithuania. In commemoration of the 500-year anniversary of his death, Vytautas Magnus University was named after him. Monuments in his honour were built in many towns in independent Lithuania during the interwar period from 1918 to 1939. Vytautas knew and spoke the Lithuanian language with his cousin Jogaila.
2010–11 Djurgårdens IF (men's hockey) season
The 2010–11 Elitserien season was Djurgårdens IF Hockey's 35th season in the Swedish elite league, Elitserien. The regular season began on away ice on 16 September 2010 against HV71 and concluded on 5 March 2011 away against Timrå IK. This season saw Djurgården's attempt to win the playoffs, after losing the previous season's final.

Djurgården finished sixth in the regular season and were faced against Luleå HF in the quarterfinals. Djurgården lost the first three games, but won the three following games to tie the series 3–3. However, Luleå knocked out Djurgården in the seventh and deciding game, winning in overtime.

2010–11 Elitserien season
The 2010–11 Elitserien season was the 36th season of Elitserien. The regular season ran from 15 September 2010 to 5 March 2011, and the following playoffs ended on 14 April. HV71 won the regular season, scoring the game-winning empty net goal against Södertälje SK in the final round. Färjestads BK won the playoffs and thus became Swedish champions, beating Skellefteå AIK 4–1 in the finals. All of the local derby games between AIK and Djurgårdens IF were played in the Ericsson Globe.

On 26 December 2010, a game was held outdoors between Färjestads BK and Frölunda HC in Karlstad, continuing a tradition of outdoor games started in the previous season. Like last season, the home team won the game, this time in front of 15,274 spectators.

In Kvalserien, Modo Hockey requalified and Växjö Lakers HC qualified for the 2011–12 Elitserien season for the first time ever at the expense of Södertälje SK.
Crum Road Bridge
The Crum Road Bridge is a historic bridge near Frederick, Frederick County, Maryland, United States. It spanned Israel Creek southeast of Walkersville. The bridge is an iron bowstring pony bridge that is 62 feet (19 m) in length and 15.8 feet (4.8 m) in width. The Crum Road Bridge was built on or about 1875, and was probably constructed by the King Iron Bridge Company of Cleveland, Ohio.

The Crum Road Bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. It was then listed in the Historic American Engineering Record in 1993. In 1995, the bridge was removed from its original location on Crum Road over Israel Creek to be replaced by a new wide span concrete bridge. The Crum Road Bridge was relocated to the Heritage Farm Park, located several miles west off of Devilbiss Bridge Road for possible future use as a pedestrian bridge. It was again relocated when it was removed from Heritage Farm Park in 2004. It is currently located in Ballenger Creek Park.

Frederick County, Maryland
Frederick County is located in Maryland, United States. As of the 2020 U.S. census, the population was 271,717. The county seat is Frederick. The county is part of the Capital region of the state.

Like other outlying sections of the Washington metropolitan area, Frederick County has experienced a rapid population increase since the 1980s. It borders the southern border of Pennsylvania and the northeastern border of Virginia.

Catoctin Mountain Park in the county is the location of Camp David, a U.S. presidential retreat, and Fort Detrick, a U.S. Army base.
SS Dresden
A number of steamships have been named Dresden.

SS Dresden (1884), a cargo ship in service from 1884 to 1925

SS Dresden (1888), a Norddeutscher Lloyd ocean liner, known for The Dresden Affair

SS Dresden (1896), a British passenger ship which operated, as such, from 1897 to 1915

SS Dresden (1914), a Norddeutscher Lloyd ocean liner in service 1927–34

USS Zeppelin
USS Zeppelin was a passenger liner launched in 1914 as SS Zeppelin by Bremer Vulkan, Bremen-Vegesack, Germany, for Norddeutscher Lloyd (NDL). Due to the First World War she never entered NDL service. She had a career after the war first under White Star Line control, then briefly as the troop ship USS Zeppelin, next as the Orient SN Co liner SS Ormuz and finally back with NDL as SS Dresden.
Gael Linn Cup 1958
The 1958 Gael Linn Cup is a representative competition for elite level participants in the women's team field sport of camogie, was won by Leinster, who defeated Ulster in the final, played at Parnell Park.

Gael Linn Cup
The Gael Linn Cup is a biennial tournament, representative competition for elite level participants in the women's team field sport of camogie, contested by Ireland's four provincial teams with competitions at senior and junior level on alternate years. The tournament has existed in various guides since 1956, currently the senior tournament is played in even years and the junior tournament in odd years. An inter-provincial colleges competition is also played at secondary school/high school level.
Albano Contarini
Albano Contarini was a Venetian nobleman and governor of Athens from 1395 to 1397. He was born to a Venetian father of the Contarini family and an Albanian mother from Avlona (Vlorë). He tried to buy Vlorë from Komnina, the wife of Balsha II. By July 18, 1399 Albano Contarini had been appointed podestà and captain of Nauplia and was to take over what was left of the government of Argos.

Nafplio
Nafplio or Nauplio (Greek: Ναύπλιο, romanized: Náfplio) is a coastal city located in the Peloponnese in Greece. It is the capital of the regional unit of Argolis and an important tourist destination. Founded in antiquity, the city became an important seaport in the Middle Ages during the Frankokratia as part of the lordship of Argos and Nauplia, held initially by the de la Roche following the Fourth Crusade before coming under the Republic of Venice and, lastly, the Ottoman Empire. The city was the second capital of the First Hellenic Republic and of the Kingdom of Greece, from 1827 until 1834.
2002 Manipur Legislative Assembly election
Elections to the Manipur Legislative Assembly were held in February 2002, to elect members of the 60 constituencies in Manipur, India. The Indian National Congress won the most seats as well as the popular vote, and Okram Ibobi Singh was appointed as the Chief Minister of Manipur. The Indian National Congress didn't have a majority of seats on its own and joined the Secular Proggresive Front alliance, along with the Communist Party of India, the Nationalist Congress Party and the Manipur State Congress Party.

After the passing of The Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 1976, the constituencies were set to the ones used in this election.

Manipur State Congress Party
Manipur State Congress Party (MSCP) is a former political party in the Indian state of Manipur. The party was founded in 1997 by Wahengbam Nipamacha as a split from the Indian National Congress (INC). In 2014 the MCSP remerged with the INC.
Xenoscapa
Xenoscapa  is a genus of herbaceous, perennial and bulbous plants in the family Iridaceae. It consists of only three species distributed in Africa, and is closely related to the genera Freesia. The genus name is derived from the Greek words xenos, meaning "strange", and scapa, meaning "flowering stem".

Bulb
In botany, a bulb is a short underground stem with fleshy leaves or leaf bases that function as food storage organs during dormancy. In gardening, plants with other kinds of storage organ are also called ornamental bulbous plants or just bulbs.
Presidential transition of George H. W. Bush
The presidential transition of George H. W. Bush began when then-Vice President Bush won the United States 1988 United States presidential election, becoming the president-elect, and ended when Bush was inaugurated on January 20, 1989.

As of 2024–25, this was the last instance of a "friendly takeover", in which the outgoing president and the president-elect were of the same political party, something that happened only once before—the 1928–29 presidential transition of Herbert Hoover—and the last transition of an incumbent vice president.

Louis W. Sullivan
Louis Wade Sullivan (born November 3, 1933) is an American physician, author and educator who served as the Secretary of the United States Department of Health and Human Services during President George H. W. Bush's Administration and was Founding Dean of the Morehouse School of Medicine.