hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tamahime
Tamahime (珠姫) or Tama (1599-1622) was a Japanese noble lady, member of the aristocrat Tokugawa family during the Edo period. She was the second daughter of the shogun Tokugawa Hidetada, and her mother was Oeyo, both important figures who stabilized and ruled the Tokugawa shogunate. She was also the wife of Maeda Toshitsune, the 2nd daimyō of Kaga Domain.

Kaga Domain
The Kaga Domain (加賀藩, Kaga-han), also known as the Kanazawa Domain (金沢藩, Kanazawa-han), was a domain of the Tokugawa Shogunate of Japan during the Edo period from 1583 to 1871.

The Kaga Domain was based at Kanazawa Castle in Kaga Province, in the modern city of Kanazawa, located in the Chūbu region of the island of Honshu. The Kaga Domain was ruled for its existence by the tozama daimyō of the Maeda, and covered most of Kaga Province and Etchū Province and all of Noto Province in the Hokuriku region. The Kaga Domain had an assessed kokudaka of over one million koku, making it by far the largest domain of the Tokugawa shogunate. The Kaga Domain was dissolved in the abolition of the han system in 1871 by the Meiji government and its territory was absorbed into Ishikawa Prefecture and Toyama Prefecture.
George Claghorn
George Claghorn (July 17, 1748 [O.S. July 6, 1748] – February 3, 1824) was an American patriot and shipwright.  He served as an officer in the American Revolutionary War and was wounded in the Battle of Bunker Hill.  After the war, he was awarded the rank of colonel in the Massachusetts militia.  Claghorn was the master shipbuilder of the USS Constitution (a.k.a. Old Ironsides), which he and Samuel Nicholson built for the early United States Navy during the years 1794–1797. Old Ironsides is the oldest naval vessel in the world that is still commissioned, afloat and seaworthy.

Edmund Hartt
Edmund Hartt (1744–1824) was a master carpenter and owned the shipyard in Boston, Massachusetts, where USS Constitution was constructed in 1797. The shipyard was located in the North End of Boston, near the location of the present Coast Guard base.  He also built USS Boston (1799), USS Argus (1803), and USS Independence (1814).

Hartt and his descendants lived for many years in "Hartt House" at 24–26 Hull Street in Boston. He is buried at Copp's Hill Burying Ground in Boston. His son, Samuel Hartt, was also a prominent shipbuilder for the U.S. Navy who built the first steamship and ironclad ships for the Navy.
Santo Crucifixo
Santo Crucifixo is a freguesia (civil parish) of Cape Verde. It covers the southern part of the municipality of Ribeira Grande, on the island of Santo Antão. The seat of the parish is Coculi. The parish covers much of the Ribeira Grande valley.

Ribeira Grande (stream)
Ribeira Grande is a stream in the northeastern part of the island of Santo Antão in Cape Verde. The stream flows from west-southwest to east-northeast, through a steep and narrow gorge. The river begins near Lombo Santa, passes through Boca de Ambas Ribeiras, Boca de Coruja and Coculi, and flows into the Atlantic Ocean at the town of Ribeira Grande. Its most important tributaries are the Ribeira de Chã das Pedras (confluence near Coculi), and the Ribeira da Torre, that joins the Ribeira Grande in the town Ribeira Grande.
Kaleidoscope (novel)
Kaleidoscope is a 1987 novel by Danielle Steel, published by Delacorte Press. It was adapted into the NBC television movie of the same name in 1990 starring Jaclyn Smith and Perry King. It is Steel's 22nd novel.

Danielle Steel bibliography
This bibliography is a list of works from American writer Danielle Steel. As of 2025, she has written more than 210 books, including 182 novels and 18 children books. Her books have been translated into 43 languages and can be found in 69 countries across the globe.
CD Chiantla
Club Deportivo Chiantla is a Guatemalan professional football club from Chiantla, Huehuetenango Department. It was founded on 1980. It currently plays in the Segunda División de Ascenso, the third tier of Guatemalan football.

Huehuetenango Department
Huehuetenango (Spanish pronunciation: [w̝e.we.t̪eˈnãŋ.ɡo]) is one of the 22 departments of Guatemala. It is located in the western highlands and shares the borders with the Mexican state of Chiapas in the north and west; with El Quiché in the east, and Totonicapán, Quetzaltenango and San Marcos in the south. The capital is the city of Huehuetenango.

Huehuetenango's ethnic composition is one of the most diverse in Guatemala. While the Mam are predominant in the department, other Maya groups are the Q'anjob'al, Chuj, Jakaltek, Tektik, Awakatek, Chalchitek, Akatek and K'iche'. Each of these nine Maya ethnic groups speaks its own language.
Katakado Dam
Katakado Dam is a gravity dam on the Tadami River 5 km (3 mi) west of Aizubange in the Fukushima Prefecture of Japan. It was constructed between 1951 and 1953 for the purpose of hydroelectric power generation. It supplies a 57 MW power station with water.

Gravity dam
A gravity dam is a dam constructed from concrete or stone masonry and designed to hold back water by using only the weight of the material and its resistance against the foundation. Gravity dams are designed so that each section of the dam is stable and independent of any other dam section. (In contrast, sections of an arch dam are not independently stable, and instead rely on transmitting force through neighboring sections to the abutments, often anchored into canyon walls.)
Uganda Secondary Schools Sports Association
The Uganda Secondary Schools Sports Association (USSSA) is an association of  secondary school sports in Uganda who are under the Ministry of Education and Sports (MoES) and Association of Secondary Schools Head Teachers of Uganda (ASSHU).

USSSA organises sports competitions for schools.

Ministry of Education and Sports (Uganda)
The Ministry of Education and Sports (MES), is a cabinet-level ministry of Uganda. It is mandated "to provide technical support, guide, coordinate, regulate and promote quality education, training and sports to all persons in Uganda for national integration, development and individual advancement", according to the website of the ministry.
KiHa 185 series
The KiHa 185 series (キハ185系) is a diesel multiple unit (DMU) train type operated by Japanese National Railways in Japan since November 1986, and later operated by Kyushu Railway Company (JR Kyushu) and Shikoku Railway Company (JR Shikoku).

Kyushu Railway Company
The Kyushu Railway Company, also referred to as JR Kyushu (JR九州, Jeiāru Kyūshū), is one of the seven constituent companies of Japan Railways Group (JR Group). It operates intercity rail services within Kyushu, Japan. It formerly operated the Beetle hydrofoil service across the Tsushima Strait between Fukuoka and Busan, South Korea, before its discontinuation in 2024. It also operates hotels, restaurants, and drugstores across its service region. JR Kyushu's headquarters are in Hakata-ku, Fukuoka.
1909 Tour de France, Stage 8 to Stage 14
The 1909 Tour de France was the 7th edition of Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Tour began in Paris on 5 July and Stage 8 occurred on 19 July with a flat stage from Nîmes. The race finished in Paris on 1 August.

1909 Tour de France
The 1909 Tour de France was the seventh edition of the Tour de France, taking place from 5 July to 1 August. It consisted of 14 stages over 4,497 kilometres (2,794 mi), ridden at an average 28.658 km/h. The results were computed by points accorded finishing positions on each stage, the rider with fewest points at the end of the race winning the race. The stages were approximately the same as in the 1907 and 1908 Tour de France.

Because Lucien Petit-Breton, the winner of the Tour de France in 1907 and 1908, did not enter, the runner-up of 1908, François Faber, was the favourite. Faber went on to win six of the 14 stages and won the race easily.
Grigorovich M-15
Grigorovich M-15 (alternative designation ShCh M-15 (Russian: Щ М-15), sometimes also Shchetinin M-15) was a successful Russian World War I-era biplane flying boat, developed from the M-9 by Grigorovich.

Hispano-Suiza 8
The Hispano-Suiza 8 is a water-cooled V8 SOHC aero engine introduced by Hispano-Suiza in 1914 that went on to become the most commonly used liquid-cooled engine in the aircraft of the Entente Powers during the First World War. The original Hispano-Suiza 8A was rated at 140 hp (100 kW) and the later, larger displacement Hispano-Suiza 8F reached 330 hp (250 kW).

Hispano-Suiza 8 engines and variants produced by Hispano-Suiza and other companies under licence were built in twenty-one factories in Spain, France, Britain, Italy, and the U.S.  Derivatives of the engine were also used abroad to power numerous aircraft types and the engine can be considered as the ancestor of another successful engine by the same designer, the Hispano-Suiza 12Y (and Soviet Klimov V12 derivative aero-engines) which was in service during the Second World War.
1985 Australian Open – Women's singles
Martina Navratilova defeated defending champion Chris Evert in the final, 6–2, 4–6, 6–2 to win the women's singles tennis title at the 1985 Australian Open. It was her third Australian Open singles title and 13th major singles title overall.

1985 Australian Open
The 1985 Australian Open was a tennis tournament played on grass courts at the Kooyong Lawn Tennis Club in Melbourne in Victoria in Australia. It was the 74th edition of the Australian Open and was held from 25 November through 8 December 1985; the last to be held at this time of year.

With the decision to hold the tournament in January in future, the next Australian Open would be the 1987 Open, held just over a year later.
Basiti Qarteq
Basiti Qarteq (Persian: باسيتي قارتق, also Romanized as Bāsītī Qārteq) is a village in Bahmayi-ye Sarhadi-ye Sharqi Rural District, Dishmok District, Kohgiluyeh County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 24 (made up of 5 families).

Bahmayi-ye Sarhadi-ye Sharqi Rural District
Bahmayi-ye Sarhadi-ye Sharqi Rural District (Persian: دهستان بهمئي سرحدئ شرقي) is in Dishmuk District of Kohgiluyeh County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province, Iran. It is administered from the city of Dishmuk.
2019 Cameron's Brewing Oakville Fall Classic
The 2019 Cameron's Brewing Oakville Fall Classic was held August 30 to September 2 in Oakville, Ontario. It was the first event of the Ontario Curling Tour for the 2019–20 curling season and the sixth and fifth Men's and Women's events on the World Curling Tour respectively. The total purse for the event was $16,000 on both the Men's and Women's side.

In the Men's event, Yannick Schwaller defeated Kim Chang-min 7–3 in the final and in the Women's event, Eve Muirhead defeated Silvana Tirinzoni 5–2 in the final.

Oakville Fall Classic
The Oakville Fall Classic (formerly the Cameron's Brewing Oakville Fall Classic and the Biosteel Oakville Fall Classic) is an annual bonspiel on the men's and women's World Curling Tour and Ontario Curling Tour. It is held annually in September at the Oakville Curling Club in Oakville, Ontario.
Rosettenville (House of Assembly of South Africa constituency)
Rosettenville was a constituency in the Transvaal Province of South Africa, which existed from 1933 to 1994. It covered a part of the southern suburbs of Johannesburg centred on the suburb of Rosettenville. Throughout its existence it elected one member to the House of Assembly and one to the Transvaal Provincial Council.

House of Assembly (South Africa)
The House of Assembly (known in Afrikaans as the Volksraad, or "People's Council") was the lower house of the Parliament of South Africa from 1910 to 1981, the sole parliamentary chamber between 1981 and 1984, and latterly the white representative house of the Tricameral Parliament from 1984 to 1994, when it was replaced by the current National Assembly. Throughout its history, it was composed exclusively of white members who were elected to office predominantly by white citizens, though until 1960 and 1970, respectively, some Black Africans and Coloureds in the Cape Province voted under a restricted form of suffrage.

The old House of Assembly chamber was severely damaged in a fire in January 2022.
Khalil Al-Zayani
Khalil Al-Zayani (Arabic: خليل أبراهيم الزياني) is a Saudi Arabian former international footballer and football coach. Al-Zayani is part of Al-Zayani family residing in Dammam city in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia.

1986–87 Saudi Premier League
The 1986–87 Saudi Premier League season reverted to a regular home and away league format instead of the previous season's group phases.

Al Ettifaq would win the title for the second time.

Newly promoted sides Al-Ansar and Al-Raed would be relegated at the first time of asking proving in the process that it is hard for promoted teams to survive in the first season as few teams have managed to achieve this feat.

Al-Raed were the second side, after Al Taawon to represent Buraydah in the top flight.
Political issues in Kuwait
Important political issues in Kuwait include rights for immigrant workers, stateless people, and education reform. Kuwait has the largest number of stateless people in the entire region. The Bedoon issue in Kuwait is largely sectarian.

Kuwait and state-sponsored terrorism
Kuwait has been frequently accused of supporting terrorism financing within its borders. Kuwait has been described as the world's biggest source of terrorism funding, particularly for ISIS and Al-Qaeda.
Courtney Tairi
Courtney Tairi (born 15 July 1988) is a former New Zealand netball international. She also represented Australia at under-21 level. She was a member of the Australia team that won the 2009 World Youth Netball Championships. During the ANZ Championship era, Tairi played for New South Wales Swifts, Southern Steel and Waikato Bay of Plenty Magic. She finished her netball playing career with Northern Stars in the 2017 ANZ Premiership. Since retiring as a netball player, Tairi has worked a broadcaster, presenter and commentator for Sky Sport (New Zealand).

2017 ANZ Premiership season
The 2017 ANZ Premiership season was the inaugural season of Netball New Zealand's ANZ Premiership. All matches were broadcast on Sky Sport (New Zealand). With a team coached by Reinga Bloxham, captained by Wendy Frew and featuring Gina Crampton, Jhaniele Fowler-Reid, Shannon Francois, and Jane Watson, Southern Steel finished the 2017 season as inaugural ANZ Premiership winners. After finishing the regular season unbeaten and as minor premiers, Steel defeated Central Pulse 69–53 in the grand final. This saw Steel complete a 16 match unbeaten season. The top three teams from the season – Steel, Pulse and Northern Mystics qualified for the 2017 Netball New Zealand Super Club.
Great Frisian War
The Great Frisian War (West Frisian: Grutte Fryske Oarloch) was an armed conflict in Frisia which lasted nine years in the 15th century, from 1413 to 1422.

The war began in East Frisia as a result of a runaway dispute between the chieftains Keno II tom Brok and Hisko Abdena, during which all important parties in Frisia chose a side and civil war ensued. The war had mixed results; with the exception of the van Bronckhorst family in the city of Groningen, none of the warring parties would gain a lasting advantage. Near the end of the conflict, Frisian freedom was imperiled when a foreign ruler, John of Bavaria who was asked to intervene on the side of the Skieringers, decided to make a bid for power himself. His Hollandic troops were driven out shortly, however, and the Frisians would retain their freedom until 1498. On 1 February 1422, all parties came to Groningen to make peace.

Stavoren
Stavoren (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈstaːvərə(n)]; West Frisian: Starum [ˈstaːrəm]; previously Staveren) is a city in the province of Friesland, Netherlands, on the coast of the IJsselmeer, about 5 km (3.1 mi) south of Hindeloopen, in the municipality of Súdwest-Fryslân.

Stavoren had a population of 950 in January 2017. It is one of the stops on the Elfstedentocht (English: "eleven cities tour"), an ice skating contest that occurs when the winter temperatures provide safe conditions. A ferry for pedestrians and cyclists operates between Stavoren and Enkhuizen, with increased frequency during summer months. The Friese Kustpad, a 131 kilometres (81 miles) long-distance trail to Lauwersoog, begins in Stavoren.
Fluid Attacks
Fluid Attacks is an application security (AppSec) company founded in 2001 in Colombia. It specializes in security testing for software development companies through automated tools (SaaS) and penetration testing (PTaaS).

Software composition analysis
Software composition analysis (SCA) is a practice in the fields of Information technology and software engineering for analyzing custom-built software applications to detect embedded open-source software and detect if they are up-to-date, contain security flaws, or have licensing requirements.
Trzcianki, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Trzcianki [ˈtʂt͡ɕaŋki] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sitkówka-Nowiny, within Kielce County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 1 km (1 mi) south of Osiedle-Nowiny and 10 km (6 mi) south-west of the regional capital Kielce.

Nowiny, Kielce County
Nowiny [nɔˈvinɨ] is a village in Kielce County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Sitkówka-Nowiny. It lies approximately 9 km (6 mi) south-west of the regional capital Kielce.
2022 in the sport of athletics
2022 in athletics was a year highlighted by an unusual number of significant athletics events. The delayed 2020 Olympic program led to the 2021 World Athletics Championships being rearranged for 2022, while events normally held in the middle years of Olympic cycles, such as the Commonwealth Games athletics program and the various continental championships (e.g. the 2022 European Athletics Championships) were also held, meaning significant numbers of athletes had several peaks in quick succession, particularly Canadian, British, Australian, Kenyan and South African athletes.

Woo Sang-hyeok
Woo Sang-hyeok (Korean: 우상혁; pronounced [u sɐŋçʌk̚]; born 23 April 1996) is a South Korean high jumper. He is a two-time silver medalist at the World Championships, two-time gold medalist at the World Indoor Championships and three-time gold medalist at the Asian Championships. Woo has also represented South Korea at the 2016 and 2020 Olympics, placing fourth in Tokyo.
Slavery in Bhutan
Slavery in Bhutan was a common legal, economic, and social institution until its abolition in 1958. In historical records, unfree labourers in Bhutan were referred to as slaves, coolies, and serfs. These labourers originated mostly in and around Bhutan, Assam, and Sikkim, and were the backbone of Bhutan's pre-money feudal economy.

Bhutan abolished slavery as part of modernization reforms at the behest of the Third Druk Gyalpo Jigme Dorji Wangchuck, who ascended to the throne in 1952 at the age of 25. In breaking with slavery and feudalism, King Jigme Dorji enacted legal reforms, awarding citizenship and outright ownership of land to former slaves.

Rentier capitalism
Rentier capitalism is a concept in Marxist and heterodox economics to refer to rent-seeking and exploitation by companies in capitalist systems. The term was developed by Austrian social geographer Hans Bobek describing an economic system that was widespread in antiquity and still widespread in the Middle East, where productive investments are largely lacking and the highest possible share of income is skimmed off from ground-rents, leases and rents. Consequently, in many developing countries, rentier capitalism is an obstacle to economic development. A rentier is someone who earns income from capital without working. This is generally done through ownership of assets that generate yield (cash generated by assets), such as rental properties, shares in dividend-paying companies, or bonds that pay interest.
POW-R
POW-R (Psychoacoustically Optimized Wordlength Reduction) is a set of commercial dithering and noise shaping algorithms used in digital audio bit-depth reduction.
Developed by a consortium of four companies – The POW-R Consortium – the algorithms were first made available in 1999 in digital audio hardware products.
POW-R is now licensed for use by many companies, particularly those in the digital audio workstation (DAW) arena, where it currently has significant market share.

Audio bit depth
In digital audio using pulse-code modulation (PCM), bit depth is the number of bits of information in each sample, and it directly corresponds to the resolution of each sample. Examples of bit depth include Compact Disc Digital Audio, which uses 16 bits per sample, and DVD-Audio and Blu-ray Disc, which can support up to 24 bits per sample.

In basic implementations, variations in bit depth primarily affect the noise level from quantization error—thus the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and dynamic range. However, techniques such as dithering, noise shaping, and oversampling can mitigate these effects without changing the bit depth. Bit depth also affects bit rate and file size.

Bit depth is useful for describing PCM digital signals. Non-PCM formats, such as those using lossy compression, do not have associated bit depths.
Walter Wriston
Walter Bigelow Wriston (August 3, 1919 – January 19, 2005) was an American banker and former chairman and CEO of Citicorp. As chief executive of Citibank / Citicorp (later Citigroup) from 1967 to 1984, Wriston was widely regarded as the single most influential commercial banker of his time.

During his tenure as CEO, the bank introduced, among other innovations, automated teller machines, interstate banking, the negotiable certificate of deposit, and "pursued the credit card business in a way that no other bank was doing at the time". With then New York Governor Hugh Carey and investment banker Felix Rohatyn, Wriston helped save New York City from bankruptcy in the mid-1970s by setting up the Financial Control Board and the Municipal Assistance Corporation, and persuading the city's union pension funds and banks to buy the latter corporation's bonds.

Felix Rohatyn
Felix George Rohatyn (/ˈroʊɑːtɪn/ ROH-ah-tin; May 29, 1928 – December 14, 2019) was an American investment banker and diplomat. He spent most of his career with Lazard, where he brokered numerous large corporate mergers and acquisitions from the 1960s through the 1990s. In 1975, he played a central role in preventing the bankruptcy of New York City as chairman of the Municipal Assistance Corporation and chief negotiator between the city, its labor unions and its creditors.

Rohatyn later became an outspoken advocate for rebuilding America's infrastructure, working with politicians and business leaders to craft guiding principles for strengthening infrastructure as co-chair of the Commission on Public Infrastructure. Rohatyn was involved in efforts to form a national infrastructure bank, and assisted in the rebuilding of New York City following Hurricane Sandy as co-chair of the New York State 2100 Commission.

From 1997 to 2000, Rohatyn served as United States Ambassador to France.