hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Aadan-Gurey Maxamed Cabdille
Aadan-Gurey Mohamed Abdille (1840-1920), (other spellings Aaden-Gurey Maxamed Cabdille for English printed works, and for Af-Soomaali: Aadan-Gureey Maxamed Cabdille and Arabic: ادم غرئ محمد عبدلي), was a Somali poet. Aadan-Gurey was a poet who at times led armies to fight feuding tribes. Tribes often invaded each other's grazing or settlement areas between Nugal Valley, Mudug and Galgadud regions, areas south-central Hibin and Heb region on the Somali coast of Indian Ocean.

Galguduud
Galguduud (Somali: Galgaduud, Arabic: جلجدود, Italian: Galgudud or Ghelgudud) is an administrative region (gobol) of Galmudug state in central Somalia. Its administrative capital is Dusmareb. The largest town in the region is El Buur, which lies at the centre of the region.

Galguduud is bordered by Ethiopia; the Somali regions of Mudug, Hiran, and Middle Shebelle (Shabeellaha Dhexe); and the Indian Ocean.
The largest clan in this region is the Hawiye, specially the Murusade subclan, as well as the Habargidir, 
The region of Galgaduud and southern Mudug formed the Galmudug State by 2016, which considers itself an autonomous state within the larger Federal Republic of Somalia, as defined by the Provisional Constitution of the Federal Republic of Somalia.
Song of the Clouds
Song of the Clouds (French: Sérénade aux nuages) is a 1946 French comedy film directed by André Cayatte and starring Tino Rossi, Jacqueline Gauthier and Jacques Louvigny.

It was shot at the Marseille Studios of Marcel Pagnol in Southern France. The film's sets were designed by the art directors Auguste Capelier and Georges Wakhévitch. It was one of the most popular movies in France in 1945 with admissions of 3,498,968.

Marcel Pagnol
Marcel Paul Pagnol (/pəˈnjɒl, pæ-/, also US: /pɑːˈnjɔːl/ pah-NYAWL; French: [maʁsɛl pɔl paɲɔl]; 28 February 1895 – 18 April 1974) was a French novelist, playwright, and filmmaker. Regarded as an auteur, in 1946, he became the first filmmaker elected to the Académie française. Pagnol is generally regarded as one of France's greatest 20th-century writers and is notable for his prominence in multiple eminent mediums—memoir, novel, theatre and film.
Querol (surname)
Querol is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Agustí Querol Subirats (1860–1909), Spanish sculptor

David Querol (born 1989), Spanish footballer

Ferran Velazco Querol (born 1976), Spanish rugby union player

Juan Querol (born 1958), Cuban handball player

Leopoldo Querol (1899–1985), Spanish classical pianist

María Ángeles Querol (born 1948), Spanish historian, professor, and writer

Néstor Querol (born 1987), Spanish footballer

Sergio Querol (born 1965), Cuban sprinter

Ferran Velazco
Ferran Velazco i Querol (born 23 June 1976) is a Spanish rugby union player. He plays as a fullback.

Velazco played for UE Santboiana since his youth, except for a five-year stint with El Salvador Rugby between 2002 and 2005, where he won the Spanish Championship for five times, in 9195/96, 1996/97, 2002/03, 2003/04 and 2005/06.

He had 57 caps for Spain, from 1997 to 2006, scoring 13 tries, 2 conversions, 2 penalties and 2 drop goals, in an aggregate of 87 points. He played two games at the 1999 Rugby World Cup, scoring a penalty in the 47-3 defeat to South Africa. He was also a recurring member in Spain sevens.
Estes Farm
Estes Farm is a historic home and farm complex located near Dyke, Albemarle County, Virginia. It includes a c. 1840 log dwelling and a c. 1880 wood framed main house, as well as numerous supporting outbuildings including a large barn (c. 1840), an icehouse/well house (c. 1880), a tenant house (c. 1880), the log dwelling (c. 1840), a small hay/tobacco barn (c. 1920), a garage (c. 1900), and three small sheds.  Also on the property is a contributing truss bridge (c. 1915). The house is a two-story, three-bay frame I-house building with a hipped roof. A two-story half-hipped central rear ell was added in 1976. It is representative of a transitional Greek Revival / Italianate style. It features a one-story three-bay porch fronting the central entrance, and exterior-end brick chimneys.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.

Albemarle County, Virginia
Albemarle County is located in the Piedmont region of the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States. Its county seat is Charlottesville, which is an independent city entirely surrounded by the county. Albemarle County is part of the Charlottesville Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2020 census, the population was 112,395.

Albemarle County was created in 1744 from the western portion of Goochland County, though portions of Albemarle were later carved out to create other counties. Albemarle County was named in honor of Willem Anne van Keppel, 2nd Earl of Albemarle. Its most famous inhabitant was Thomas Jefferson, who built his estate home, Monticello, in the county.
Anthony Prymack
Anthony Prymack (born 24 March 1990) is a Canadian foil fencer, team silver medallist at the 2011 Pan American Games in Guadalajara and at the 2014 Pan American Fencing Championships in San José. He reached the final table of 64 at the World Fencing Championships in 2009, 2010, 2013, and 2014. He finished the 2013–14 season No.55 in world rankings, a career best. He started fencing at the age of 7 under fencing master Leslie Palmai who was the head coach of Calgary's Epic Fencing Club.

Foil (fencing)
A foil is one of the three weapons used in the sport of fencing. It is a flexible weapon of total length 110 cm (43 in) or under, rectangular in cross section, weighing under 500 g (18 oz), with a blunt tip. As with the épée, points are only scored by making contact with the tip. The foil is the most commonly used weapon in fencing.
Cydia rufipennis
Cydia rufipennis is a moth of the family Tortricidae. It was first described by Arthur Gardiner Butler in 1881. It is endemic to the Hawaiian islands of Kauai, Oahu and Maui.

The larvae feed on the flowers and seeds of Acacia koa.

Arthur Gardiner Butler
Arthur Gardiner Butler F.L.S., F.Z.S. (27 June 1844 – 28 May 1925) was an English entomologist, arachnologist and ornithologist. He worked at the British Museum on the taxonomy of birds, insects, and spiders.
Jessie Aspinall
Jessie Strahorn Aspinall (10 December 1880 – 25 August 1953) was the first female junior medical resident at the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Sydney. Her four brothers were also medical doctors.

Royal Prince Alfred Hospital
The Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (abbreviated RPAH or RPA) is a large teaching hospital in Sydney, Australia, located on Missenden Road in Camperdown. It is a teaching hospital of the Central Clinical School of the Sydney Medical School at the University of Sydney and is situated in proximity to the Blackburn Building of the university's main campus. RPAH is the largest hospital in the Sydney Local Health District, with approximately 1200 beds. Following a $350 million redevelopment, the perinatal hospital King George V Memorial Hospital has been incorporated into it.

An Australian television documentary, RPA, was filmed there from 1995 to 2012, depicting the everyday workings of a major metropolitan hospital.
Lymantria dispar
Lymantria dispar, also known as the gypsy moth or the spongy moth, is a species of moth in the family Erebidae native to Europe and Asia. Lymantria dispar is subdivided into several subspecies, with subspecies such as L. d. dispar and L. d. japonica being clearly identifiable without ambiguity. Lymantria dispar has been introduced to several continents and is now additionally found as an invasive species in Africa, North America and South America. The polyphagous larvae live on a variety of deciduous and coniferous trees and can cause severe damage in years of mass reproduction. Due to these features, Lymantria dispar is listed among the world's 100 worst invasive alien species.

100 of the World's Worst Invasive Alien Species
100 of the World's Worst Invasive Alien Species is a list of invasive species compiled in 2000 from the Global Invasive Species Database, a database of invasive species around the world. The database is run by the Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The ISSG acknowledges that it is "very difficult to identify 100 invasive species from around the world that really are 'worse' than any others. ... Absence from the list does not imply that a species poses a lesser threat." In 2013, the ISSG updated their list to supersede the recently eradicated † rinderpest virus, and a few genus and species names were altered.
The Exile (1947 film)
The Exile  is a 1947 American historical adventure romantic film directed by Max Ophüls, and produced, written by, and starring Douglas Fairbanks Jr. French actress Rita Corday (billed as "Paule Croset") played the romantic interest. According to Robert Osborne, the primary host of Turner Classic Movies, María Montez had a stipulation in her contract that she had to have top billing in any film in which she appeared, so her name comes first in the opening credits, despite her secondary role. The film is based on the 1926 novel His Majesty, the King: A Romantic Love Chase of the Seventeenth Century by Cosmo Hamilton.

Robert Osborne
Robert Jolin Osborne (/ˈɒzbɔːrn/; May 3, 1932 – March 6, 2017) was an American film historian, author, actor and the primary television host for the premium cable channel Turner Classic Movies (TCM) for over twenty years. Prior to hosting at TCM, Osborne had been a host on The Movie Channel. He had also worked as a news columnist for The Hollywood Reporter. Osborne wrote the official history of the Academy Awards, with the first edition published in 1988.
Santa Cruz High School (Española, New Mexico)
The old Santa Cruz High School was located in Santa Cruz, New Mexico. The school opened in 1925 to a group of 89 students. In 1925 it was the only high school in Española until 1930 when Española High School opened. The colors for SCHS were Royal Blue and Gold and their mascot was a Crusader. The gym building was built with Works Progress Administration funds as part of a larger program of school facility construction in New Mexico.

In 1976 the school closed with an enrollment of 690 students. In 1977 a new high school was built joining both the students from Española High School and Santa Cruz, the school was named Española Valley High School and was located on El Lano Road outside of Española city limits.

Santa Cruz, New Mexico
Santa Cruz, historically known as Santa Cruz de la Cañada, is a census-designated place (CDP) in Santa Fe County, New Mexico, United States. It is part of the Santa Fe, New Mexico Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 423 at the 2000 census.
Faith and Philosophy
Faith and Philosophy is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by the Society of Christian Philosophers with support from Asbury Theological Seminary and the University of Arkansas. It is currently edited by Jonathan L. Kvanvig. The journal aims to foster the philosophical examination of religion and Christian faith. In accordance with the goals of the society, Faith and Philosophy seeks to contribute to the continuing effort of the Christian community to articulate its faith in a way that will withstand critical examination, and to explore the implications of that faith for all aspects of human life. In 2019, the quarterly journal became a free open-access online publication and ceased both physical publication and online publication behind a pay wall. The journal's website is faithandphilosophy.com.

Asbury Theological Seminary
Asbury Theological Seminary is a Christian Wesleyan seminary in the historical Methodist tradition located in Wilmore, Kentucky. It is the largest seminary of the Wesleyan-Holiness movement. It is known for its advocacy of egalitarianism, giving equal status for men and women in ministerial roles and for ordination. It is accredited by the Commission on Colleges of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools and the Association of Theological Schools in the United States and Canada (ATS).
Minimum resolvable temperature difference
Minimum resolvable temperature difference (MRTD) is a measure for assessing the performance of infrared cameras, and is inversely proportional to the modulation transfer function.

Typically, an operator is asked to assess the minimum temperature difference at which a 4-bar target can be resolved. This minimum difference will change with the spatial frequency of the bar target used. A curve of MRTD against spatial frequency is obtained which characterises the performance of the imaging system.

Modern infrared imaging systems can have low spatial frequency MRTDs of tens of millikelvins.

Optical resolution
Optical resolution is the resolved detail of an imaging system by scale.
An imaging system may have many individual components, including one or more lenses, and/or recording and display components.  Each of these contributes (given suitable design, and adequate alignment) to the optical resolution of the system; the environment in which the imaging is done often is a further important factor.
Petrus (archbishop of Uppsala)
Petrus was the third archbishop of Uppsala, Sweden, between 1187 and 1197.

He was ordained by the mighty Danish archbishop Absalon in Lund, the primate of Sweden at that time. When Sweden got a new king, Sverker, who was related to the Danish Royal Court, Absalon extended his authority over Sweden. When Petrus in 1196 elected three bishops, Absalon requested the Pope to interact since the bishops were the sons of other priests, and this was not allowed according to Canon law. He also mentioned that several Swedish bishops refused to travel to Absalon's synods. Absalon was an authoritative person whom the Pope entrusted and gave him right, but by this time Petrus had already died.

Archbishop of Uppsala
The Archbishop of Uppsala (spelled Upsala until the early 20th century) has been the primate of Sweden in an unbroken succession since 1164, first during the Catholic era, and from the 1530s and onward under the Lutheran church.
Colaiste Ghobnatan
Colaiste Ghobnatan is an Irish-medium school in the civil parish of Ballyvourney in County Cork, Ireland. As of 2015, there were approximately 200 students enrolled in the school. Located in the Muskerry Gaeltacht, Irish is spoken throughout the school. Originally opened in 1950 as a school for boys, within 30 years, it was also accepting girls from the area.

Gaeltacht
A Gaeltacht (/ˈɡeɪltəxt/ GAYL-təkht, Irish: [ˈɡeːl̪ˠt̪ˠəxt̪ˠ], pl. Gaeltachtaí) is a district of Ireland, either individually or collectively, where the Irish government recognises that the Irish language is the predominant vernacular, or language of the home.
The Gaeltacht districts were first officially recognised during the 1920s in the early years of the Irish Free State, following the Gaelic revival, as part of a government policy aimed at restoring the Irish language.

The Gaeltacht is threatened by serious language decline. Research published in 2015 showed that Irish is spoken on a daily basis by two-thirds or more of the population in only 21 of the 155 electoral divisions in the Gaeltacht. Daily language use by two-thirds or more of the population is regarded by some academics as a tipping point for language survival.
Subang Football League
Subang Football League is a state-level football league held in Subang, Selangor, Malaysia. The League is at level 4 of the Malaysian football league system. The league is managed by the Football Association of Selangor (FAS).

Malaysian football league system
The Malaysian football league system, also known as the Malaysian football pyramid, is a series of interconnected leagues for men's football clubs in Malaysia. The system has a hierarchical format with promotion and relegation between leagues at different levels, allowing even the smallest club the hypothetical possibility of ultimately rising to the very top of the system. The exact number of clubs varies from year to year as clubs join and leave leagues or fold altogether, but an estimated average of 10 clubs per division implies that hundreds of teams are members of a league in the Malaysian men's football league system.
George Washington (Trumbull)
George Washington, also entitled George Washington and William Lee, is a full-length portrait in oil painted in 1780 by the American artist John Trumbull during the American Revolutionary War. General George Washington stands near his enslaved servant William Lee, overlooking the Hudson River in New York, with West Point and ships in the background. Trumbull, who once served as an aide-de-camp to Washington, painted the picture from memory while studying under Benjamin West in London. He finished it before his arrest for high treason in November. The portrait, measuring 36 in × 28 in (0.91 m × 0.71 m), is on view at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City. Originally in the possession of the de Neufville family of the Netherlands, it was bequeathed to the museum by Charles Allen Munn in 1924.

Valentine Green
Valentine Green FSA (3 October 1739 – 29 July 1813) was a British mezzotinter and print publisher. Green trained under Robert Hancock, a Worcester engraver, after which he moved to London and began working as a mezzotint engraver. He began to exhibit with the Incorporated Society of Artists from 1766, became a fellow a year later and a director in 1771. He was appointed mezzotint engraver to the King in 1773, and the following year was elected an associate engraver with the Royal Academy. Throughout the 1770s and 1780s, Green's engraving practice flourished. In the 1790s, however, several of his international speculations failed and in 1798 he was declared bankrupt. In 1805, he accepted the role of keeper of the British Institution, a post he held until his death.
2012 African Handball Champions League
The 2012 African Handball Champions League was the 34th edition, organized by the African Handball Confederation, under the auspices of the International Handball Federation, the handball sport governing body. The tournament was held from November 15–24 in Tangier, Morocco, contested by 16 teams and won by Al Ahly Cairo of Egypt.

International Handball Federation
The International Handball Federation (IHF) is the administrative and controlling body for handball and beach handball. IHF is responsible for the organisation of handball's major international tournaments, notably the IHF World Men's Handball Championship, which commenced in 1938, and the IHF World Women's Handball Championship, which commenced in 1957.

IHF was founded in 1946 to oversee international competitions. Headquartered in Basel, its membership now comprises 209 national federations. Each member country must each also be a member of one of the six regional confederations: Africa, Asia, Europe, North America and Caribbean, Oceania, and South and Central America. Hassan Moustafa from Egypt has been President of the IHF since 26 November 2000.
Dangjin
Dangjin (Korean: 당진시; Korean pronunciation: [taŋ.dʑin]) is a city in South Chungcheong Province, South Korea. It stands on the south shore of the Bay of Asan. Dangjin borders Incheon, Pyeongtaek, and Hwaseong by sea, and Seosan, Yesan, and Asan by land. Its name means "Tang ferry," and refers to the historic role of Dangjin's harbor in connecting Korea to the other side of the Yellow Sea. This role continues to be important in the city's economy, which relies on a mixture of agriculture and heavy industry. The city has the same Hanja name (唐津市) as Karatsu in Saga Prefecture, Japan.

Hwaseong, Gyeonggi
Hwaseong (Korean: 화성; Korean pronunciation: [ɸa.sʰʌŋ]) is a city in Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. It is located on the coast of the Yellow Sea. It has the largest area of farmland of any city or county in Gyeonggi Province. Seoul Subway Line 1 passes through Hwaseong, stopping at Byeongjeom Station. Suin-Bundang Line also passes through the city, stopping at Eocheon Station.

Hwaseong Fortress is located in nearby Suwon.
Jonathon Simmons
Jonathon Calvin Simmons (born September 14, 1989) is an American professional basketball player for Al Riyadi of the Lebanese Basketball League. He played one season of college basketball for the Houston Cougars before a stint in the semi-professional American Basketball League (ABL) led to him joining the NBA D-League's Austin Toros in 2013. Following two seasons in the D-League, Simmons signed with the San Antonio Spurs after an impressive 2015 NBA Summer League.

Lebanese Basketball League
The Lebanese Basketball League, officially Decathlon Lebanese Basketball League for sponsorship reasons, is recognized as the top-tier professional men's basketball league in Lebanon. It is organized annually as a national championship with playoffs and a national cup by the Lebanese Basketball Federation (FLB).

Currently, the league consists of 12 teams, of which six are located in Beirut. The most successful club in the history of the league is Al Riyadi Club Beirut.
Fund for UFO Research
The Fund for UFO Research (FUFOR) was a non-profit UFO research group based in Mount Rainier, Maryland. Founded in 1979, FUFOR stated its goal was to further the scholarly research of UFOs and the extraterrestrial hypothesis (ETH), and to secure the release of alleged classified U.S. government documents pertaining to these. Since 2011, the Fund for UFO Research has not had any active presence on the internet or in print.

According to its promotional material, from its founding in 1979 through 2006, FUFOR  provided over $700,000 in research grants, and supported numerous UFO-related investigations, including investigations into the secrecy behind the MJ-12 papers and the US Air Force's Project Blue Book. In 1980 FUFOR director Bruce Maccabee represented the organization as a panel member of The Smithsonian's "Symposium on UFOs". In 1996 FUFOR director Don Berliner filmed a cameo role as himself for an episode of The X-Files.

Mount Rainier, Maryland
Mount Rainier (/reɪˈnɪər/) is a city in Prince George's County, Maryland, United States, bordering Washington D.C. The population was 8,333 at the 2020 census. Mount Rainier is contained between the Northwest Branch Anacostia River, Cedar Lane Alley, and 34th Street to the north, 37th Street and 37th Place to the northeast, Upshur Street and Queens Chapel Road to the west, the CSX Capital Subdivision train tracks to the east, and Eastern Avenue NE to the south. Mount Rainier got its start as a streetcar suburb, when tracks were laid for the 82 Streetcar Line.  According to local tradition, surveyors from the Pacific Northwest named the town, giving the streets names such as Shasta and Cascade. Historic U.S. 1 runs through the center of the town and serves as the main street and central business district.
1857 New York state election
The 1857 New York state election was held on November 3, 1857, to elect the Secretary of State, the State Comptroller, the Attorney General, the State Treasurer, the State Engineer, a Judge of the New York Court of Appeals, a Canal Commissioner and an Inspector of State Prisons, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly and the New York State Senate.

Erie Canal Commission
The Commission to Explore a Route for a Canal to Lake Erie and Report, known as the Erie Canal Commission, was a body created by the New York State Legislature in 1810 to plan the Erie Canal. In 1817 a Canal Fund led by Commissioners of the Canal Fund was established to oversee the funding of construction of the canal. In 1826 a Canal Board, of which both the planning commissioners and the Canal Fund commissioners were members, was created to take control of the operational canal. The term "Canal Commission" was at times applied to any of these bodies. Afterwards the canal commissioners were minor state cabinet officers responsible for the maintenance and improvements of the state's canals.

The office of Canal Commissioner was abolished in 1876, and their responsibilities were taken over by the Superintendent of Public Works in February 1878. The Canal Fund and the Canal Board were abolished in 1910.