hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gold holdings of Norway
The gold holdings of Norway (Norwegian Bokmål: Norges gullbeholdning, Norges gullreserver), also known as Norway's gold reserves, were a formally defined entity related to Norges Bank's foreign-exchange reserves as well as the physical quantity of gold owned by the same central bank. During the eras of the gold standard, the national currency was in theory redeemable by a specific quantity of the state's gold holdings.

Gold reserve
A gold reserve is the gold held by a national central bank, intended mainly as a guarantee to redeem promises to pay depositors, note holders (e.g. paper money), or trading peers, during the eras of the gold standard, and also as a store of value, or to support the value of the national currency.

The World Gold Council estimates that all the gold ever mined, and that is accounted for, totalled 190,040 metric tons in 2019 but other independent estimates vary by as much as 20%. At the price of $144 per gram reached on 25 December  2025, one metric ton of gold has a value of approximately $144 million. The total value of all gold ever mined, and that is accounted for, would exceed $27 trillion at that valuation and using WGC 2017 estimates.
South Asian cuisine
South Asian cuisine includes the traditional cuisines from the modern-day South Asian republics of Bangladesh, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka, also sometimes including the kingdom of Bhutan and the emirate of Afghanistan. Also sometimes known as Desi cuisine, it has been influenced by and also has influenced other Asian cuisines beyond the Indian subcontinent.

Central Asian cuisine
Central Asian cuisine has been influenced by Persian, Indian, Arab, Turkish, Chinese, Mongol, and Russian cultures, as well as the culinary traditions of other varied nomadic and sedentary civilizations. Contributing to the culinary diversity were the migrations of Uyghur, Slav, Korean, Tatar, Dungan and German people to the region.
Kim Dae-yoong
Kim Dae-yoong (also Kim Dae-ung, Korean: 김대웅; born February 18, 1988, in Seoul) is a South Korean sport shooter. He won a bronze medal in the men's rapid fire pistol at the 2012 ISSF World Cup series in Munich, Germany, with a total score of 585 points and a bonus of 25 from the final, earning him a spot on the South Korean team for the Olympics. Kim is also a member of the shooting team for KB Kookmin Bank Club, and is coached and trained by Son Sang-Won.

Kim represented South Korea at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, where he competed in the men's 25 m rapid fire pistol. Kim scored a total of 579 targets (290 on the first stage and 289 on the second) and a bonus of 20 inner tens in the qualifying rounds by one point behind Czech shooter and two-time Olympian Martin Strnad, finishing only in tenth place.

Martin Strnad
Martin Strnad (born August 1, 1974 in Brno) is a Czech sport shooter. He won a silver medal in the men's rapid fire pistol at the 2009 ISSF World Cup series in Munich, Germany, with a total score of 780.2 points. He won a gold medal in the men's rapid fire pistol at the 2013 ISSF World Cup series in Bangkok, Thailand.

Strnad represented the Czech Republic at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, where he competed in the men's 25 m rapid fire pistol, along with his teammate Martin Podhráský. He placed sixteenth out of nineteen shooters in the qualifying rounds of the event, with a total score of 562 points (267 on the first stage, and 295 on the second).

At the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, Strnad improved his performance from the previous games by hitting a total of 580 targets (287 on the first stage and 293 on the second) in the men's 25 m rapid fire pistol, finishing only in ninth place by two points behind Russia's Leonid Ekimov.
Petworth Park New Ground
Petworth Park New Ground is a cricket ground in the shadow of Petworth House, Petworth, Sussex.  The first recorded match on the ground was in 1844, when Petworth Cricket Club played the Marylebone Cricket Club in the first first-class match held at the ground.  From 1844–1845, the ground held two further first-class matches when Petworth Cricket Club played Hampshire and the Marylebone Cricket Club.  Sussex played a single first-class match at the ground against Surrey in 1849.

Despite the final recorded match on the ground being in 1961 when Petworth played South Hampstead, the ground continues to be used to this day and in local domestic cricket is the home venue of Petworth Park Cricket Club.

Petworth
Petworth is a town and civil parish in the Chichester District of West Sussex, England. It is located at the junction of the A272 east–west road from Heathfield to Winchester and the A283 Milford to Shoreham-by-Sea road.

The parish includes the settlements of Byworth and Hampers Green and covers an area of 2,690 hectares (6,600 acres). Twelve miles (19 km) to the south west of Petworth along the A285 road lies Chichester and the south-coast. In 2001 the population of the parish was 2,775 persons living in 1,200 households of whom 1,326 were economically active. At the 2011 Census the population was 3,027.
Ida Haendel
Ida Haendel, CBE (15 December 1928 - or 1923, the exact year remains uncertain  – 1 July 2020) was a world renowned Polish-British-Canadian violinist. Haendel was a child prodigy, her career spanning over seven decades. She also became an influential teacher.

Vladimir Ashkenazy
Vladimir Davidovich Ashkenazy (Russian: Влади́мир Дави́дович Ашкена́зи, tr. Vladimir Davidovich Ashkenazi; born 6 July 1937) is a Soviet-born Icelandic pianist, chamber music performer, and conductor. Ashkenazy has collaborated with well-known orchestras and soloists. In addition, he has recorded a large repertoire of classical and romantic works. His recordings have earned him seven Grammy Awards and he has been awarded three stages of Iceland's Order of the Falcon for his overall contribution to music.
Siege of Apamea
The siege of Apamea was an abortive siege of Apamea in Roman Syria. Lucius Statius Murcus and Quintus Marcius Crispus led the attempt to capture the city, the equestrian Quintus Caecilius Bassus led its defence.

Sextus Julius Caesar (governor of Syria)
Sextus Julius Sex. f. Sex. n. Caesar was a cousin of the Roman general Gaius Julius Caesar, and served as one of his lieutenants during the Civil War.  He was killed in a revolt of the soldiers while still a young man.
Pak Yung-sun
Pak Yung-sun (Korean: 박영순; 22 August 1956 – 14 July 1987), People's Athlete and Labor Hero, was an international table tennis player from North Korea. She represented the Korean People's Army's February 8 Sports Club.

People's Athlete
People's Athlete (Korean: 인민체육인) is a North Korean honorary title awarded to sportspeople. It was created in 1966. It is usually reserved to those who have won in the Olympic Games or have won a world championship, as it is the most prestigious award for North Korean sportspeople.

The title is closely connected with the North Korea national football team. The title was instituted after their achievements in the 1966 FIFA World Cup. Victories in the FIFA World Cups are rewarded with the title, as well as the right to live in the capital Pyongyang, including to one's family members. Because of this and since the women's football team has done better recently, the more experienced coaches prefer to work with them rather than with the men's football team.

Another similar award is the Merited Athlete.
Book of Orders
The Book of Orders, distributed to Justices of the Peace by King Charles I of England on 31 January 1631, having been drafted by the Lord Chief Justice at the time, has been regarded as the "centre-piece of Charles I's policies towards the mass of his subjects during his personal rule", which lasted from 1629 until 1640. As described in its introduction, the purpose of The Book was to ensure "better administration of justice ... relief of the poor and  ... reformation of disorders", greatly increasing the control of Charles' government over what had until then been largely local affairs handled by the local gentry.

The Book of Orders, is said to have demanded more from the elite in society, and was one of the grievances which contributed to Personal Rule coming to an end.

Personal Rule
The Personal Rule (also known as the Eleven Years' Tyranny) was a period in the history of England from the dissolution of the third Parliament of Charles I in 1629 to the summoning of the Short Parliament in 1640, during which the King declined to call the next parliament and ruled as an autocratic absolute monarch without recourse to Parliament. Charles claimed that he was entitled to do this under the royal prerogative and divine right of kings.

Charles had called three Parliaments by the third year of his reign in 1628. After the murder of George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham, who was deemed to have a negative influence on Charles' foreign policy, Parliament began to criticize the king more harshly than before. Charles then realised that, as long as he could avoid war, he could rule without the need of Parliament.

The Personal Rule came to an end in 1640 when Charles called a parliament to obtain funds for an ongoing War with Scotland.
Monterey Regional Airport
Monterey Regional Airport (IATA: MRY, ICAO: KMRY, FAA LID: MRY) is three miles (5 km) southeast of Monterey, in Monterey County, California, United States. It was created in 1936 and was known as the Monterey Peninsula Airport until the board of directors renamed it on September 14, 2011.

The airport is owned by the municipalities that make up the Monterey Peninsula Airport District. It is a public entity and its five-member board of directors is publicly elected.

The airport has its origins with flights from the polo field of the Hotel Del Monte in 1910. In 1941, local communities formed the Monterey Peninsula Airport District and acquired land to build an airport. World War II intervened, and the U.S. Navy leased the land, opening Naval Auxiliary Air Station Monterey on May 23, 1943. The Navy remained at the airport until 1972.

Pacific Air Lines
Pacific Air Lines was a local service carrier on the West Coast of the United States that began scheduled passenger flights in the mid-1940s under the name Southwest Airways. The company linked small cities in California with larger cities such as Los Angeles and San Francisco. Flights later operated to Portland, Oregon, and eventually reached Las Vegas and Reno in Nevada.

Founded largely with money from investors from the Hollywood motion picture industry, the airline was noted for innovative safety practices and cost-saving procedures. The name Pacific Air Lines passed into history in 1968 in a merger with Bonanza Air Lines and West Coast Airlines, forming Air West, which then became Hughes Airwest following the acquisition of Air West by Howard Hughes.
Carl Muth
Karl Borromäus Johann Baptist Muth (also Carl) (31 January 1867, Worms – 15 November 1944, Bad Reichenhall) was a German writer and publisher, best known for founding and editing the religious and cultural magazine Hochland.

David Blackbourn
David Gordon Blackbourn (born 1949 in Spilsby, Lincolnshire, England) is Cornelius Vanderbilt distinguished chair of history at Vanderbilt University, where he teaches modern German and European history. Prior to arriving at Vanderbilt, Blackbourn was Coolidge Professor of history at Harvard University.
Saggar (god)
Saggar (also Šaggar, Sanugaru, Šanugaru) was a god worshiped in ancient Syria, especially in the proximity of Ebla and Emar, later incorporated into the Hurrian and Hittite pantheons. His name was also the ancient name of the Sinjar Mountains. It is assumed that he was at least in part a lunar deity.

Lunar deity
A lunar deity or moon deity  is a deity who represents the Moon, or an aspect of it. These deities can have a variety of functions and traditions depending upon the culture, but they are often related. Lunar deities and Moon worship can be found throughout most of recorded history in various forms.
TA/DA scam
TA/DA scam (Travel And Dearness Allowance) is a corruption scandal during the Siddaramaiah administration in Karnataka state in India. The scam was exposed by BBMP commissioner N. Manjunath Prasad that found eight Member of Legislative Council (MLC) of Karnataka Legislative Council claiming allowances by submitting fake bills.

R. B. Thimmapur, one of the accused, was later made the excise minister. in the Siddaramaiah cabinet
The scam is said to have cost the state exchequer a total of 37 lakh rupees. Other MLCs accused in the scam are C. R. Manohar, S. Ravi, N. Appaji Gowda, Allum Veerabhadrappa, G. Raghu Achar, N. S. Boseraju and M. D. Lakshminarayana.

Karnataka Legislative Council
The Karnataka Legislative Council (formerly the Mysore Legislative Council) is the upper house of the state legislature of Karnataka in India. Karnataka is one of six Indian states with a bicameral legislature; the Legislative Assembly is the lower house. The Council is a permanent body of 75 members, of whom 64 are elected in various ways in staggered elections and 11 are appointed by the Governor of Karnataka. Members hold their seats for six-year terms.
Leon Springs pupfish
The Leon Springs pupfish (Cyprinodon bovinus) is a species of fish in the family Cyprinodontidae. It is endemic to Pecos County, Texas in the United States. It is a federally listed endangered species.

The Leon Springs pupfish is found at the shallow edges of spring-fed wetland pools, where it is most frequently observed in areas without vegetation. Its diet consists of diatoms, amphipods, and ostracods.

This fish was first discovered in 1851 at Leon Springs, near Fort Stockton, Texas. Leon Springs was impounded, poisoned, stocked with game fish, and drained, and the fish was considered extinct by 1938. In the 1960s it was rediscovered at Diamond Y Spring a few miles away. It is also found in the Diamond Y Draw, a tributary of the Pecos River.

Pecos County, Texas
Pecos County (/ˈpeɪkəs/ PAY-kəs) is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 15,193. The county seat is Fort Stockton. The county was created in 1871 and organized in 1875. It is named for the Pecos River. It is one of the nine counties that comprise the Trans-Pecos region of West Texas.
Paul Gardner (priest)
Paul (Douglas) Gardner (born 28 May 1950) is a Christian priest and author.

Gardner was educated at Leeds Grammar School, King's College London and Ridley Hall, Cambridge. He was ordained deacon in 1980, and priest in 1981.; After a curacy at, St Martin, Cambridge he was a Lecturer at Oak Hill Theological College. He was vicar of St John the Baptist, Hartford, Cheshire from 1990 to 2003; archdeacon of Exeter from 2003 to 2005 and senior minister of Christ Church Presbyterian Church, Atlanta, Georgia from 2005 to 2017.

Leeds Grammar School
Leeds Grammar School was an independent school founded 1552 in Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. Originally a male-only school, in August 2005 it merged with Leeds Girls' High School to form The Grammar School at Leeds. The two schools physically united in September 2008.

The school was founded in 1552 by William Sheafield to provide free, subsidised or fee-paying education to the children of the City of Leeds. Despite 1552 being the traditional date for the foundation of the school, there is some evidence to suggest that the school existed as early as 1341. In 1805, the school was the subject of a ruling by Lord Eldon that set a precedent affecting grammar schools throughout England.
Nassau Herald
The Nassau Herald is a liberal weekly newspaper serving the Five Towns communities of Nassau County – Lawrence, Cedarhurst, Inwood, Woodsburgh, Woodmere, and Hewlett. It is part of the Long Island Herald newspaper chain, which includes The Jewish Star and the Oyster Bay Guardian, is owned by Richner Communications, and covers Nassau County, New York.

The paper started publishing in 1934 by the Beegle Publishing Company and was based out of Lawrence, Nassau County, New York. After the offices were destroyed by a fire in 2004, the newspaper moved into offices in Garden City, New York with the other Long Island Herald newspapers.

Published every Thursday with a daily online presence, The Herald is sold for $1.00 at newsstands. The Herald newspapers are members of the New York Press Association.

Hewlett, New York
Hewlett is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) located within the Town of Hempstead in Nassau County, on Long Island, in New York, United States. The population was 7,262 at the time of the 2020 census.

Hewlett is usually included as one of the Five Towns in the southwestern corner of Nassau County. In the context of the Five Towns, "The Hewletts" or "Hewlett" is often used to refer collectively to the hamlet of Hewlett, together with the villages of Hewlett Bay Park, Hewlett Harbor and Hewlett Neck, along with Woodsburgh.
Yanajirca (Huánuco)
Yanajirca (possibly from Quechua yana black, hirka mountain) is a 4,782-metre-high (15,689 ft) mountain in the Andes of Peru. It lies in the north of the Raura mountain range and east of the Huayhuash range. The mountain is located in the Huánuco Region, Lauricocha Province, Jesús District. It is situated northwest of a lake named Patarcocha and southwest of Condorhuachanan. An intermittent stream named Luychos (Quechua for "deer", Luychu) originates on the southern slope of Yanajirca. It flows to the Huayhuash River which belongs to the watershed of the Marañón River.

Raura mountain range
Raura (possibly from Quechua rawra gravel) is a mountain range located in the Andes of Peru, on the boundaries of the regions of Huánuco, Lima and Pasco. It extends between 10°21' and 10°31'S and 76°41' and 76°50'W for about 20 km. It lies a few kilometres southeast of the Huayhuash mountain range. The highest mountain in the Raura range is Yarupac which reaches an elevation of 5,685 metres (18,652 ft). The Raura mine is located on the eastern slope of the Raura range and is accessible by road. Eighteen glaciers and 245 lakes dot the Raura range.
Navarrese Left Union
Navarrese Left Union (Spanish: Unión Navarra de Izquierdas), better known by its acronym UNAI was an electoral coalition formed in 1977 to present a list in the first democratic elections in Spain since 1936 in the constituency of Navarre. UNAI was the sister coalition of Euskadiko Ezkerra, that presented lists in Gipuzkoa, Araba and Bizkaia.

Organization of Communist Left
Organization of Communist Left (in Spanish: Organización de Izquierda Comunista, in Basque: Ezker Komunista Erakundea, in Catalan: Organització d'Esquerra Comunista, in Galician: Organización de Esquerda Comunista, OIC) was a communist political party in Spain founded in 1974. The OIC was a continuation of the existing Communist Workers Circles (COC), whose roots were in the Workers' Front of Catalonia (FOC), the Catalan version of the People's Liberation Front (FLP or FELIPE).
Foreign relations of Myanmar
Myanmar (formerly Burma) has full diplomatic relations with 126 countries out of 192 United Nation Members States. The country has generally maintained warmer relations with near states and is a member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations.

Embassy of the United States, Yangon
The Embassy of the United States of America in Rangoon represents the official diplomatic mission of the American government in Burma (Myanmar), provides assistance to American citizens and issues visas to foreign nationals, for the purposes of visiting and immigration.
A Blessing in Disguise
A Blessing in Disguise is the third full-length studio album of the Norwegian progressive metal band, Green Carnation. The album was released two years after their previous album, Light of Day, Day of Darkness.

Light of Day, Day of Darkness
Light of Day, Day of Darkness is the second studio album by the Norwegian progressive metal band, Green Carnation. Originally, it was released by German record label Prophecy Productions in November 2001.
Hiland Park, Florida
Hiland Park is a former census-designated place (CDP) in Bay County, Florida, United States. The population was 999 at the 2000 census. Most of the area is now part of the city of Lynn Haven. It is part of the Panama City–Lynn Haven–Panama City Beach Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Lynn Haven, Florida
Lynn Haven is a city in Bay County, Florida, United States, north of Panama City. The population was 18,695 at the 2020 census, up from 18,493 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Panama City—Panama City Beach, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Hlöðufell
Hlöðufell (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈl̥œːðʏˌfɛtl̥]) is a tuya volcano, located about 10 km southwest of Langjökull, Iceland. Hlöðufell is 1188 metres above sea level, and was formed when lava erupted through Langjökull (which was larger during the last ice age) during the Pleistocene. The tuya also has the characteristics of a composite volcano.

Langjökull
Langjökull (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈlauŋkˌjœːkʏtl̥] ⓘ, Icelandic for "long glacier") is the second largest ice cap in Iceland (870 km2 (340 sq mi)), after Vatnajökull. It is situated in the west of the Icelandic interior or Highlands of Iceland and can be seen clearly from Haukadalur. It covers the higher parts of the Langjökull volcanic system.

Its volume is 195 km3 (47 cu mi) and the ice is up to 580 m (1,900 ft) thick. The highest point of the ice cap (at Baldjökull [ˈpaltˌjœːkʏtl̥] at the northern end of Langjökull) is about 1,450 m (4,760 ft) above sea level.

In the past, the largest recorded surface area was in 1840.
Casely-Hayford
Casely-Hayford is an English language patronymic surname that is native to Ghana. It is most commonly borne by the Casely-Hayford family, descendants of the 19th century Euro-Fante and Pan-Africanist, J. E. Casely-Hayford of Cape Coast. The family is one of Ghana's most prominent families, and in recent times, its members have also risen to positions of influence in the Black British elite. In 2008, the Casely-Hayfords were named on "The Black Powerlist" as the most influential black family in the UK.

Black elite
The term 'Black elite' refers to elites within Black communities that are either political, economic, intellectual or cultural in nature. These are typically distinct from other national elites in the Western world, such as the United Kingdom's aristocracy and the United States' upper class.
David Prior, Baron Prior of Brampton
David Gifford Leathes Prior, Baron Prior of Brampton (born 3 December 1954) is the former chairman of NHS England and chairman of University College Hospital. He served as Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) for North Norfolk from 1997 until the 2001 general election, when he lost his seat to Norman Lamb of the Liberal Democrats by 483 votes. In 2015, he was appointed as a life peer in the House of Lords.

Parliamentary under-secretary of state
The parliamentary under-secretary of state (historically under-secretary of state or just parliamentary secretary, particularly in departments not led by a secretary of state) is the lowest of three tiers of government minister in the UK government, immediately junior to a minister of state, which is itself junior to a secretary of state.