hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Death and funeral of Mikhail Gorbachev
On 30 August 2022, Mikhail Gorbachev, the eighth and final leader and president of the Soviet Union from 1985 to 1991, died after a long illness at the Moscow Central Clinical Hospital in Russia. Gorbachev was the last living Soviet leader following the death of Georgy Malenkov in 1988, was the only one to have been born during the Soviet Union's existence, and the only one to have died after its dissolution. At the age of 91 years old, Gorbachev is the longest-lived Russian leader to date, having lived longer than Alexander Kerensky and Vasili Kuznetsov, who both died at 89 years old. On 3 September, a funeral was held for Gorbachev, and he was buried later that day.

Gorbachev's death provoked responses from many current and former world leaders and politicians.

General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
The General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was the leader of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU). From 1924 until the country's dissolution in 1991, the officeholder was the recognized leader of the Soviet Union. Prior to Joseph Stalin's accession, the position was not viewed as an important role in Vladimir Lenin's government and previous occupants had been responsible for technical rather than political decisions.

Officially, the General Secretary solely controlled the Communist Party directly. However, since the party had a monopoly on political power, the General Secretary de facto had executive control of the Soviet government. Because of the office's ability to direct both the foreign and domestic policies of the state and preeminence over the Soviet Communist Party, it was the de facto highest office of the Soviet Union.
Dave Radlauer
Dave Radlauer is a radio broadcaster and historian specializing in early jazz. Since 1982, he has presented programs on jazz history and has received six broadcasting awards for his work. He is the radio host of radio show Jazz Rhythm.

Radlauer explores the works of well-known and obscure musicians on his radio show Jazz Rhythm. In 2009 his show received a Gabriel Award. His Jazz Rhythm website is a compendium of early jazz history, rare photos and some 500 hours of exclusive audio rarities, interviews and programs on 120 early jazz topics.

Radlauer plays traditional jazz music and interviews jazz musicians. Radlauer's research materials are being conserved as part of the Dave Radlauer Jazz Collection at the Stanford University Library archives.

Trad jazz
Trad jazz, short for "traditional jazz", is a form of jazz in the United States and Britain that flourished from the 1930s to 1960s, based on the earlier New Orleans Dixieland jazz style. Prominent English trad jazz musicians such as Chris Barber, Freddy Randall, Acker Bilk, Kenny Ball, Ken Colyer and Monty Sunshine performed a populist repertoire that also included jazz versions of pop songs and nursery rhymes.
Cones Hotline
The Cones Hotline was a telephone hotline introduced by the prime minister of the United Kingdom John Major in June 1992 to allow members of the public to enquire about roadworks on the country's roads and report areas where traffic cones had been deployed on a road (to close a lane or otherwise restrict traffic flow) for no apparent reason. The telephone number for the hotline (originally 0345 504030, later 08457 504030, then 0300 1235000) was usually displayed on signs after sections of roadworks.

Between March 1994 to March 1995  the hotline was staffed by a single person during office hours and by the duty staff out of hours.  It moved to an external contractor for six months, before being brought back in house in September 1995.

The hotline was widely seen as being a waste of government resources, costing several thousand pounds per year to run.  In September 1995, having fielded 17,000 calls, it was announced that the hotline would transition into a new system.

Hotline
A hotline is a point-to-point communications link in which a call is automatically directed to the preselected destination without any additional action by the user when the end instrument goes off-hook. An example would be a phone that automatically connects to emergency services on picking up the receiver. Therefore, dedicated hotline phones do not need a rotary dial or keypad. A hotline can also be called an automatic signaling, ringdown, or off-hook service.
Another Time, Another Place (Bryan Ferry album)
Another Time, Another Place is the second solo studio album by the English singer Bryan Ferry. The album reached #4 in the UK charts in 1974.

Recording took place in London at Island, Ramport and AIR studios. Like These Foolish Things, Another Time, Another Place is essentially a cover album, with the exception of the title track, which gave its title to the album and was written by Ferry. It featured a Bob Dylan song ("A Hard Rain's a-Gonna Fall" on the former LP, "It Ain't Me Babe" on the latter) and a standard (the title track of These Foolish Things, "Smoke Gets in Your Eyes" on Another Time, Another Place) but while These Foolish Things emphasized an early-'60s girl-group repertoire, Another Time, Another Place turned to soul music (Sam Cooke, Ike & Tina Turner) and country music (Kris Kristofferson, Willie Nelson, Joe South).

Associated Independent Recording
Associated Independent Recording (AIR) is an independent recording company founded in London in 1965 by record producers George Martin, John Burgess, Ron Richards, and Peter Sullivan. In 1970 the company established its own professional audio recording facilities, AIR Studios.
2013 Victory Bowl
The 2013 Victory Bowl was a college football bowl game played on November 23, 2013 at Barron Stadium in Rome, Georgia. It featured the Azusa Pacific Cougars against the Greenville Panthers. The Cougars trounced the Panthers, 67–0. Azusa Pacific is an NCAA Division II school, while Greenville plays in Division III. Azusa Pacific (APU) set a record for the most points scored in a Victory Bowl in their first appearance, which was also the only shutout in the game's history. APU outgained Greenville 388 yards to 111 and scored nine touchdowns.

Azusa Pacific Cougars football
The Azusa Pacific Cougars football program is a dormant college football team that represents Azusa Pacific University. From 2012 to 2020, the team was a member of the Great Northwest Athletic Conference of NCAA Division II. Prior to the 2012 season, the Cougars had been an independent program in the NAIA. The Cougars had 10 head coaches since their first recorded football game in 1965.

The most famous player to play for the Cougars is former NFL All-Pro running back Christian Okoye.

Azusa Pacific University decided to end its football program in December 2020 due to financial restructuring. The team was revived in March 2025 with plans of playing in NCAA Division III and the Southern California Intercollegiate Athletic Conference starting in 2026.
Two Lovers and a Bear
Two Lovers and a Bear is a 2016 Canadian drama film written and directed by Kim Nguyen and starring Tatiana Maslany and Dane DeHaan. It was screened in the Directors' Fortnight section at the 2016 Cannes Film Festival. The film was released on 7 October 2016, by Entertainment One. It is Gordon Pinsent's final feature film.

Directors' Fortnight
The Directors' Fortnight (French: Quinzaine des cinéastes, formerly Quinzaine des réalisateurs) is an independent section held in parallel to the Cannes Film Festival. It was started in 1969 by the French Directors Guild after the events of May 1968 resulted in cancellation of the Cannes festival as an act of solidarity with striking workers.

The Directors' Fortnight showcases a programme of shorts and feature films and documentaries worldwide.
Talking animal
A talking animal or speaking animal is any non-human animal that can produce sounds or gestures resembling those of a human language. Several species or groups of animals have developed forms of communication which superficially resemble verbal language, however, these usually are not considered a language because they lack one or more of the defining characteristics, e.g. grammar, syntax, recursion, and displacement. Researchers have been successful in teaching some animals to make gestures similar to sign language, although whether this should be considered a language has been disputed.

Recursion
Recursion occurs when the definition of a concept or process depends on a simpler or previous version of itself. Recursion is used in a variety of disciplines ranging from linguistics to logic. The most common application of recursion is in mathematics and computer science, where a function being defined is applied within its own definition. While this apparently defines an infinite number of instances (function values), it is often done in such a way that no infinite loop or infinite chain of references can occur.

A process that exhibits recursion is recursive. Video feedback displays recursive images, as does an infinity mirror.
Nyzhnie
Nyzhnie (Ukrainian: Нижнє; Polish: Butelka Niżna) is a village (selo) in Sambir Raion, Lviv Oblast, in south-west Ukraine. It belongs to the Borynia settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.

The village is a sister settlement of Verkhne. Both used to be a single village, which was first mentioned in 1558. There is an Orthodox church built in 1870.

Until 18 July 2020, Nyzhnie belonged to Turka Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions in Lviv Oblast to seven. The area of Turka Raion was merged into Sambir Raion.

Lviv Oblast
Lviv Oblast (Ukrainian: Львівська область, romanized: Lvivska oblast, IPA: [ˈlʲwiu̯sʲkɐ ˈɔblɐsʲtʲ]), also referred to as Lvivshchyna (Ukrainian: Львівщина, IPA: [ˈlʲwiu̯ʃtʃɪnɐ]), is an oblast in western Ukraine. The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Lviv. The current population is 2,478,133 (2022 estimate).
How (surname)
How is an English surname, derived either from a contraction of Howe, or from various place names such as How, Cumbria. It may also be a variant spelling of the Chinese surname Hao. Notable people with the surname include:

Bradford How (born 1977), Canadian video jockey

Charles T. How (1840–1909), American real-estate developer

Henry How (1828–1879), British-Canadian chemist, geologist and mineralogist

James Eads How (1874–1930), American hobo organizer

Jamie How (born 1981), New Zealand cricketer

Jane How (born 1951), English actress

Martin How (1931–2022), British composer and organist

Richard How (born 1944), Australian rugby union player

Walter How (1885–1972), English sailor

William Walsham How (1823–1897), English bishop of Wakefield

James Eads How
James Eads How (1874 – July 22, 1930) was an American organizer of the hobo community in the early 20th century. He was heir of a wealthy St. Louis family but chose to live as a hobo and to help the homeless migrant workers. The newspapers often referred to him as the "Millionaire Hobo".

How was the founder, driving force, and financier of the International Brotherhood Welfare Association, a union for migrant workers which published Hobo News, and organized hobo colleges and hobo conventions.
Josh Wooden
Josh Wooden (born 14 November 1978) is a former Australian rules footballer in the Australian Football League.

He was recruited as the number 24 draft pick in the 1996 AFL draft from Lockhart. Wooden made his debut for the West Coast Eagles in Round 1, 1997 against the Sydney Swans.

While playing in the West Australian Football League he played in three premierships, in 2000 for East Perth and in 2004 and 2006 for Subiaco.

He retired from football in 2007 at the age of 28, due to a nagging hip problem.

Lockhart Football Club
The Lockhart Football and Netball Club is situated in the Riverina, New South Wales area and currently plays in the Hume Football League and fields four football and five netball teams in this competition.
Baumgart
Baumgart is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anna Baumgart (born 1966), Polish artist

Bernd Baumgart (born 1955), German rower who competed for East Germany in the 1976 Summer Olympics

Emílio Henrique Baumgart (1889–1943), Brazilian engineer

James Baumgart (born 1938), former American member of the Wisconsin State Assembly and the Wisconsin State Senate

Lloyd R. Baumgart (1908–1985), former American member of the Wisconsin State Assembly

Steffen Baumgart (born 1972), German football player and manager

Tom Baumgart (born 1997), German footballer

Iga Baumgart-Witan (born 1989), Polish sprinter who specializes in the 400 meter dash

Dennis Baumgart (born 1995), Swedish Olympic lifter, silver Swedish championship 2015

Iga Baumgart-Witan
Iga Baumgart-Witan (born 11 April 1989) is a Polish sprinter specialising in the 400 metres. She won several medals at major championships as part of Polish 4 × 400 metres relays, including a gold in the mixed relay and a silver in the women's relay at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics.

Baumgart-Witan represented Poland in relays at the 2012 London and 2016 Rio Olympics as well as at five World Championships. She won three Polish national titles.
Pierre Baudin
Pierre Baudin (21 August 1863 in Nantua – 30 July 1917 in Paris) was a French radical-socialist politician.

In 1899, Baudin became the Minister of Public Works, serving in the cabinet of Pierre Waldeck-Rousseau.

Nantua
Nantua (French pronunciation: [nɑ̃tɥa] ⓘ; Arpitan: Nantuat) is a commune in and subprefecture of the Ain département in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in Eastern France. The commune of Nantua comprises the glacial Lac de Nantua.

Located in the Haut-Bugey historical region, among the southern foothills of the Jura Mountains, it is famous for its fresh-water fish and crayfish.
Oracle Application Development Framework
Oracle Application Development Framework, usually called Oracle ADF, is a development tool by Oracle Corporation that provides a Java framework for building enterprise applications. It provides visual and declarative approaches to Java EE development. It supports rapid application development based on ready-to-use design patterns, metadata-driven and visual tools.

Metadata
Metadata (or metainformation) is data that defines and describes the characteristics of other data.  It often helps to describe, explain, locate, or otherwise make data easier to retrieve, use, or manage. For example, the title, author, and publication date of a book are metadata about the book. But, while a data asset is finite, its metadata is infinite.

As such, efforts to define, classify types, or structure metadata are expressed as examples in the context of its use. The term "metadata" has a history dating to the 1960s where it occurred in computer science and in popular culture. Different types of metadata serve different functions. For example, descriptive metadata for a document might include the author, creation date, file size and keywords.
Zahavi
Zahavi (Hebrew: זהבי) or Zehavi is one of the common Hebrew translations for the Ashkenazi Jewish last names Goldman, Goldstein, and Goldberg. It can refer to:

Alex Zahavi (born 1991), American-born Israeli former footballer

Amotz Zahavi and Avishag Zahavi, evolutionary biologists; Amotz theorized the handicap principle

Dan Zahavi, Danish philosopher

Ephraim Zehavi, Israeli engineer

Eran Zahavi (born 1987), Israeli footballer

Helen Zahavi, English author

Pini Zahavi, Israeli football agent

Ephraim Zehavi
Professor Ephraim Zehavi (Hebrew: אפרים זהבי) is an Israeli researcher in communication theory and coding theory. He was one of the founders of the Faculty of Engineering at Bar-Ilan University and later served as its dean (2014-2019). He  was one of the inventors of CDMA alongside Andrew Viterbi and Jack Wolf. He is currently Professor Emeritus at Bar-Ilan University.
Richard E. Morgan
Richard Ernest Morgan (May 17, 1937 – November 13, 2014) was a conservative author, contributing editor of City Journal, and the William Nelson Cromwell Professor of Government at Bowdoin College in Brunswick, Maine, United States. His areas of academic interest included the history, law and politics of the First Amendment. At the time of his death, Morgan was one of the leading conservatives of his generation.

City Journal
City Journal is a public policy magazine and website, published by the conservative think tank Manhattan Institute for Policy Research since 1990. City Journal covers a range of public policy topics on urban affairs, such as education, labor, housing, policing, and other issues.: 349  The magazine also publishes articles on arts and culture, urban architecture, family life, and other topics that are not policy-related.
Thelma Adams
Thelma Michelle Adams (née Schwartz; February 7, 1959) is an American author and film critic. She wrote the historical fiction novel The Last Woman Standing. Adams also served as the chair of the New York Film Critics Circle twice, and worked as a contributing editor at Yahoo! Movies, Us Weekly, and the New York Post.

Adams has written for various outlets, including The New York Times, Cosmopolitan, The Huffington Post, and Variety.

Berkeley Poetry Review
Berkeley Poetry Review (BPR) is an American poetry journal published annually by the undergraduate students at the University of California, Berkeley since 1974.

The journal has featured a wide array of poets and writers, including:

Pablo Neruda

Czesław Miłosz

Lawrence Ferlinghetti

Thom Gunn

Leslie Scalapino

Galway Kinnell
Gunte
Gunte (pronounced [ˈɡuːntɛ]) is a small settlement in the hills above the right bank of the Sava River in the Municipality of Krško in eastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Lower Sava Statistical Region.

Archaeological finds from the area indicate that the Roman road from Neviodunum to Celeia and the bridge over the Sava River were on the banks below the settlement.

Urban Municipality of Krško
The Urban Municipality of Krško (pronounced [ˈkə́ɾʃkɔ] ⓘ; Slovene: Mestna občina Krško) is an urban municipality in eastern Slovenia. Its seat is the town of Krško. The area is traditionally divided between Lower Styria (territory on the left bank of the Sava) and Lower Carniola (territory on the right bank of the Sava). The entire municipality is now included in the Lower Sava Statistical Region. Krško received the status of an urban municipality in December 2021. It borders Croatia.
Ek Tha Dil Ek Thi Dhadkan
Ek Tha Dil Ek Thi Dhadkan is an unreleased Hindi romance film directed by Shahrukh Sultan and starring Biswajeet, Rajendra Kumar, Arbaaz Ali Khan, Isha Koppikar and Inder Kumar  in lead roles.

Due to a legal dispute, the film remains unreleased despite being shot and completed in 1998  The film's soundtrack did however release on cassette and CD.

Biswajeet Chatterjee
Biswajeet Chatterjee (born 14 December 1936), known mononymously as Biswajeet or Biswajit (Bengali: [ˈbiʃodʒit̪]; Hindi: [ˈʋɪʃʋədʒiːt̪]), is a veteran Indian actor, producer, director, singer and politician known for his work in Bengali cinema and Hindi cinema.
Trials and allegations involving Silvio Berlusconi
Trials and allegations involving Silvio Berlusconi have been extensive and include abuse of office, bribery and corruption of police officers, judges and politicians, collusion, defamation,  embezzlement, extortion, false accounting, mafia, money laundering, perjury, tax fraud, underage prostitution influence and witness tampering.

Procuring (prostitution)
Procuring, pimping, or pandering is the facilitation or provision of a prostitute or other sex worker in the arrangement of a sex act with a customer. A procurer, often called a pimp if male, or a madam if female, (though the term "pimp" is often used for female procurers as well) or a brothel keeper, is an agent for prostitutes who collects part of their earnings. The procurer may receive this money in return for advertising services, physical protection, or for providing and possibly monopolizing a location where the prostitute may solicit clients. Like prostitution, the legality of certain actions of a madam or a pimp vary from one region to the next.

Examples of procuring include: helping to support trafficking a person into a country for the purpose of soliciting sex; operating a business where prostitution occurs; transporting a prostitute to the location of their arrangement; and deriving financial gain from the prostitution of another.
Friedrichshafen FF.44
The FF.44 was an experimental two-seat maritime reconnaissance floatplane built by Friedrichshafen Aircraft Construction Company (Flugzeugbau Friedrichshafen) for the Imperial German Navy's (Kaiserliche Marine) Naval Air Service (Marine-Fliegerabteilung) during the First World War. Completed in 1917, the aircraft was intended to evaluate the performance of its Maybach Mb.IV engine with a reduction gear in an aircraft in a tractor configuration. It did not meet expectations and the program was cancelled in early 1918.

Parabellum MG 14
The Parabellum MG 14 was a 7.92 mm caliber World War I machine gun built by Deutsche Waffen und Munitionsfabriken. It was a redesign of the Maschinengewehr 08 machine gun (itself an adaptation of the Maxim gun) system intended for use on aircraft and zeppelins.
We Plough the Fields and Scatter
"We Plough the Fields and Scatter" is a hymn of German origin, commonly associated with harvest festivals. Written by poet Matthias Claudius, "Wir pflügen und wir streuen" was published in 1782 and set to music in 1800 attributed to Johann A. P. Schulz. It was translated into English by Jane Montgomery Campbell in 1861, and it has since become a staple of Harvest Festival services, particularly in the United Kingdom, where it among the most performed of hymns.

The hymn appears in a shortened form in the musical Godspell, as the song, "All Good Gifts".

Johann Abraham Peter Schulz
Johann Abraham Peter Schulz (31 March 1747 – 10 June 1800) was a German musician. He is best known as the composer of the melody for Matthias Claudius's poems "Der Mond ist aufgegangen" and "Wir pflügen und wir streuen", and the Christmas carol "Ihr Kinderlein kommet".
Narayan Prakash Saud
Narayan Prakash Saud (Nepali: नारायण प्रकाश साउद, commonly known as NP Saud) is a Nepali politician who served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from April 2023 to March 2024. A central member of Nepali Congress, Saud previously served as the Minister of Irrigation from 25 February 2014 to 11 October 2015 in Sushil Koirala's cabinet. He is a member of the Pratinidhi Sabha from Kanchanpur 2, having won the seat in the 2022 general election.

First elelcted to the Pratinidhi Sabha from Kanchanpur 1 in the 1999 general election, Saud served as the Minister of State for Education and Sports from 1999 to 2001. He opted to switch seat to Kanchapur 2 in the 2008 Constituent Assembly election, but was defeated by CPN (Maoist)'s Devi Lal Chaudhary. He was elected from Kanchanpur 2 in the 2013 CA election, but was again defeated in the 2017 general election. Saud won the seat back in 2022, defeating the sitting member, Nar Bahadur Dhami of CPN (UML).

Sushil Koirala cabinet
On 25 February 2014, following the 2013 Nepalese Constituent Assembly election, the Nepali Congress Party formed a government out of the 2nd Nepalese Constituent Assembly led by Sushil Koirala and backed by the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist). The cabinet consisted of 11 ministers from the Nepali Congress Party, 11 ministers from the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist), one minister of the Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist), two ministers of the Rastriya Prajatantra Party and five ministers from other parties.
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