hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wetumpka State Penitentiary
The Wetumpka State Penitentiary (WSP), originally known as the Alabama State Penitentiary, was the first state prison established in Alabama, United States. Built on the east bank of the Coosa River in Wetumpka, it was nicknamed the "Walls of Alabama" or "Walls". For much of its operation, the prison housed both men and women, kept in separate sections of the prison.

For a period beginning in the 1920s this prison was used exclusively for women. After a new women's prison was opened a mile away in 1942, the state housed fewer prisoners at the aging Wetumpka facility. It began to sell off parcels of land. The historic site was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 8, 1973. All buildings on the site have been demolished since the late 20th century.

Coosa River
The Coosa River is a tributary of the Alabama River in the U.S. states of Alabama and Georgia. The river is about 280 miles (450 km) long.

The Coosa River begins at the confluence of the Oostanaula and Etowah rivers in Rome, Georgia, and ends just northeast of the Alabama state capital, Montgomery, where it joins the Tallapoosa River to form the Alabama River just south of Wetumpka. Around 90% of the Coosa River's length is located in Alabama.  Coosa County, Alabama and Etowah County, Alabama are located on the Coosa River.

The Coosa is one of Alabama's most developed rivers. Most of the river has been impounded, with Alabama Power, a unit of the Southern Company, owning seven dams and powerhouses on the Coosa River. The dams produce hydroelectric power, but they are costly to some species endemic to the Coosa River.
Prometheus Cave Natural Monument
Prometheus Cave Natural Monument (Georgian: პრომეთეს მღვიმე) also known as Kumistavi Cave (Georgian: ყუმისთავის მღვიმე)  and Tsqaltubo Cave (Georgian: ღლიანის მღვიმე) is a karst cave located in Tsqaltubo Municipality in Imereti region of Georgia.

Solutional cave
A solutional cave, solution cave, or karst cave is usually formed in a soluble rock like limestone, of which calcium carbonate (CaCO3) composes. Being the most common type of cave, it can also form in other rocks, including chalk, dolomite, marble, salt beds, and gypsum.
Laurent Bouhnik
Laurent Bouhnik (French pronunciation: [lɔʁɑ̃ bunik]) (born 7 April 1961) is a French director, writer, and actor.

Bouhnik began his career in the comic strip and illustration business. From 1988 to 1992, he worked technical image and editing jobs within his production company.

Bouhnik's film  Madeleine (1999) was the first step in  his project to direct one film per year between 1999 and 2009, recounting the turn of the century France in an interweaving narrative pattern.

Bouhnik teaches directing and script-writing at La Fémis in Paris. He has appeared in cameo roles in Vivante (2001), Sur un air d'autoroute (1999) and Paddy (1998).

Bouhnik is a member of the Assange support committee in France   that is advocating for his release and for France to grant him political asylum.

2000 in film
The year 2000 in film involved some significant events. The top grosser worldwide was Mission: Impossible 2. Domestically in North America, Gladiator won the Academy Awards for Best Picture and Best Actor (Russell Crowe). Dinosaur was the most expensive film of 2000 and a box-office success.
Fighter-bomber
A fighter-bomber is a fighter aircraft that has been modified, or used primarily, as a light bomber or attack aircraft. It differs from bomber and attack aircraft primarily in its origins, as a fighter that has been adapted into other roles, whereas bombers and attack aircraft are developed specifically for bombing and attack roles.

Although still used, the term fighter-bomber has less significance since the introduction of rockets and guided missiles into aerial warfare. Modern aircraft with similar duties are now typically called multirole combat aircraft or strike fighters.

Missile
A missile is an airborne ranged weapon capable of self-propelled flight aided usually by a propellant, jet engine or rocket motor.

Historically, 'missile' referred to any projectile that is thrown, shot or propelled towards a target; this usage is still recognized today with any unguided jet- or rocket-propelled weapons generally described as rocket artillery. Airborne explosive devices without propulsion are referred to as shells if fired by an artillery piece and bombs if dropped by an aircraft.

Missiles are also generally guided towards specific targets termed as guided missiles or guided rockets. Missile systems usually have five system components: targeting, guidance system, flight system, engine, and warhead. Missiles are primarily classified into different types based on firing source and target such as surface-to-surface, air-to-surface, surface-to-air and air-to-air missiles.
2024 Shanghai ePrix
The 2024 Shanghai ePrix was a pair of Formula E electric car races held at the Shanghai International Circuit in the outskirts of Shanghai, China on 25 and 26 May 2024. It served as the 11th and 12th rounds of the 2023–24 Formula E season, and marked the first edition of the Shanghai ePrix and the first ePrix held in China since the 2019 Sanya ePrix.

The first race was won by Mitch Evans driving for Jaguar TCS Racing, with Pascal Wehrlein and Nick Cassidy in second and third place respectively.

The second race was won by António Félix da Costa driving for TAG Heuer Porsche Formula E Team, with Jake Hughes and Norman Nato in second and third place respectively.

Mitch Evans
Mitchell William "Mitch" Evans (born 24 June 1994) is a New Zealand professional racing driver. He currently (since 2016) drives for the Jaguar TCS Racing team in Formula E. In 2012, he won the GP3 Series and he raced in the GP2 Series for four years, achieving 14th place in 2013, fourth in 2014, fifth in 2015, and 12th in 2016.

Evans previously won the 2010 and 2011 Toyota Racing Series in New Zealand and was runner up in the 2010 Australian Drivers' Championship despite missing three races. When he won the New Zealand Grand Prix in February 2011, it is believed he became the youngest driver to win an international Grand Prix at 16 years old.

Evans won his first Formula E race in the 2019 Rome ePrix.
Roy Andersen
Roy Andersen (born 2 April 1955) is a former Norwegian long-distance runner.

Internationally he finished tenth at the 1982 European Championships and 38th at the 1986 World Cross Country Championships. He also competed at the 1983 World Championships without reaching the final.

He became national marathon champion in 1987 and half marathon champion in 1988. He won the 5000 metres silver medals in 1982 and 1983, won the 10,000 metres silver in 1982, and a bronze in 1985. In cross-country running Andersen became national champion in 1982, 1985 and 1986 with a silver in 1988 (10 km). He represented the club Tønsberg FIK.

His personal best times were 8:01.58 minutes in the 3000 metres (1983), 8:47.61 minutes in the 3000 metres steeplechase (1981), 13:31.43 minutes in the 5000 metres (1983), 28:15.19 minutes in the 10,000 metres (1983), 1:02:42 hours in the half marathon (1986) and 2:12:47 hours in the marathon (1986).

1983 World Championships in Athletics – Men's 10,000 metres
These are the official results of the men's 10,000 metres event at the 1983 IAAF World Championships in Helsinki, Finland. There were a total number of 37 participating athletes, with two qualifying heats held on Sunday 7 August and the final held on Tuesday 9 August 1983.

The winning margin was 0.14 seconds which as of 2024 remains the only time the men's 10,000 metres was won by less than a quarter of a second at these championships.
Caproni Ca.164
The Caproni Ca.164 was a training biplane produced in Italy shortly prior to World War II. It was a largely conventional biplane intended as a follow-on to the Ca.100 and sharing that aircraft's layout with a slightly smaller upper wing.

Regia Aeronautica
The Royal Italian Air Force (Italian: Regia Aeronautica Italiana, RAI) was the air force of the Kingdom of Italy. It was established as a service independent of the Royal Italian Army from 1923 until 1946. In 1946, the monarchy ended and the Kingdom of Italy became the Italian Republic, whereupon the name of the air force changed to Aeronautica Militare.
Birdforth (wapentake)
Birdforth was a wapentake of the North Riding of Yorkshire.  In 1859, it had an area of about 96,000 acres (39,000 ha).

In Domesday, the wapentake was named "Gerlestre".  It shared its name with its meeting place, although it the location has been lost.  In the mid 12th century, it was recorded as "Brideford", named for the village which later became known as Birdforth, that probably being the new location of its court.  By the end of the 13th century, East Harlsey and Hawnby had been added to the wapentake.  It thereafter consisted of the parishes of Cold Kirby, Cowesby, Coxwold, East Harlsey, Hawnby, Husthwaite; South Kilvington; Kirby Knowle, Old Byland, Over Silton, South Kilvington, South Otterington, Thirkleby, Thirsk, Topcliffe, and Welbury.  Kilburn was originally in Allertonshire, but by 1831 was instead divided between Birdforth and the West Riding of Yorkshire.

Cowesby
Cowesby is a village and civil parish in the county of North Yorkshire, England. Part of the village including The Cowesby Hall Estate is within the North York Moors National Park and about 7 miles (11 km) north of Thirsk. The population of the civil parish was estimated at 70 in 2014.
Monjebup Reserve
Monjebup Reserve is a 20.63 km2 nature reserve in south-west Western Australia.  It is 140 km north-east of Albany, 340 km west of Esperance and 430 km south-east of Perth.  It is owned and managed by Bush Heritage Australia (BHA), by which 9.56 km2 of it was purchased in 2005, with another 11.07 km2 in 2010, and forms part of BHA's Gondwana Link project.

Gondwana Link
Gondwana Link is one of the largest and most ambitious conservation projects proposed in Australia’s history.

Designed to protect and restore the ecological integrity of land areas across south-west Western Australia, a biodiversity hotspot, the completed link will be a continuous stretch of reconnected bushland stretching for a 1000 km from the wet forests in the State’s far southwest to the dry woodlands and shrublands bordering the Nullarbor Plain.
Lech Mackiewicz
Lech Mackiewicz (born 1960 in Skierniewice, Poland) is a Polish actor, director, playwright; graduate of the National Academy of Theatrical Arts (PWST) in Cracow (Poland 1983), and UTS (University of Technology Sydney 1987). He formed Auto Da Fe Theatre Co. in Sydney in 1987. He received the New South Wales Performing Arts Scholarship in 1991; assisted Neil Armfield on the production of Diary of A Madman with Geoffrey Rush at Belvoir St Theatre; directed and acted internationally: Australia, Poland, Japan, Korea, Italy.
Collaborated with Tadashi Suzuki's SCOT (Japan). He studied in Poland (PWST Kraków, grad. 1983), Australia (UTS, grad. 1987) and with the Moscow Arts Theatre (directing secondment - 1991).
Cate Blanchett's first theatre production out of NIDA was Kafka Dances at the Stables Theatre (Sydney 1993) where Lech starred as Franz Kafka and Cate played his fiancée, Felice Bauer.

Plebania
Plebania (Polish pronunciation: [plɛˈbãɲja]) (transl. Parsonage) is a Polish soap opera broadcast from October 5, 2000 to January 27, 2012 on TVP1. The series is about the lives of ordinary people in the fictional Polish village of Tulczyn. The plot revolves around the family, religious, and social issues of the village inhabitants with central roles played by a parish priest, his family and friends, and a wealthy business man known for shady dealings. Plebania is the second-longest (after Klan) Polish soap opera.
Carl Zillier
Carl Zillier (April 18, 1838 – April 15, 1914) was an American newspaper editor and politician.

Born in Halberstadt, Prussia. Zillier emigrated with his parents to the United States in 1849 and settled, on a farm, in the town of Sheboygan, Sheboygan County, Wisconsin. Zillier learned the printing trade and in 1857 started the National Demokrat a German language newspaper. In 1863, 1864, and in 1913, Zillier served in the Wisconsin State Assembly and was a Democrat. In 1870, Zillier was elected Sheboygan County clerk. He also served on the Sheboygan County Board of Supervisors and was chairman of the county board. In 1886 and 1895, President Grover Cleveland appointed Zillier postmaster of Sheboygan, Wisconsin. Zillier died in Sheboygan, Wisconsin as a result of a broken hip.

Sheboygan (town), Wisconsin
Sheboygan is a town in Sheboygan County, Wisconsin, known as the Town of Sheboygan to differentiate from the county and city of Sheboygan. The population was 8,136 according to the 2020 Census. It is included in the Sheboygan, Wisconsin Metropolitan Statistical Area. This separate municipality is located north and west of the city of Sheboygan, with varying boundaries along the city and village lines of Sheboygan and Kohler, including enclaves of homes connected to the town by inches-long lines of property.

The town of Sheboygan has at various times started to take action to acquire village status in order to fend off annexation attempts by the city, but efforts have been unsuccessful thus far.
Guayana Region, Venezuela
The Guayana Region (Spanish: Región Guayana [reˈxjoŋ gwaˈʝana]) is one of 9 administrative regions of Venezuela. Historically called Spanish Guiana (Spanish: Guayana Española) or simply Guayana, the region is made up of the states of Amazonas, Bolívar, and Delta Amacuro.

Ciudad Bolívar
Ciudad Bolívar (Spanish pronunciation: [sjuˈðað βoˈliβaɾ]; Spanish for "Bolivar City"), formerly known as Angostura and St. Thomas de Guyana, is the capital of Venezuela's southeastern Bolívar State. It lies at the spot where the Orinoco River narrows to about 1 mile (1.6 km) in width, is the site of the first bridge across the river, and is a major riverport for the eastern regions of Venezuela.

Historic Angostura gave its name to the Congress of Angostura, to the Angostura tree, to the House of Angostura, and to Angostura bitters. Modern Ciudad Bolívar has a well-preserved historic center; a cathedral and other original colonial buildings surround the Plaza Bolívar.
1968 Charles City tornado
During the evening hours of May 15, 1968, an extremely powerful and violent multi-vortex tornado hit the communities of Hansell, Hampton, Charles City, Elma and Aredale across central and northern Iowa. It killed 13, injured 462, and was one of the largest tornadoes ever recorded in the state. Hundreds of buildings were destroyed, primarily in the town of Charles City. Damage estimates were of more than $20 million.

Charles City, Iowa
Charles City is a city in and the county seat of Floyd County, Iowa, United States. Charles City is a significant commercial and transportation center for the area. U.S. Routes 18 and 218, Iowa Highway 14, and the Canadian National and Canadian Pacific railroads serve the city. The population was 7,396 at the 2020 census, a decrease of 5.3%, from 7,812 in 2000.
Phases (Alma and French Montana song)
"Phases" is a song by Finnish singer Alma and American rapper French Montana. The song was written by Alma, Charli XCX, French Montana, Noonie Bao, and Sasha Sloan and produced by Charlie Handsome, Rex Kudo and Styalz Fuego. The song was released as a single on through PME Records on September 21, 2017. The music video for the single was directed by Charli XCX. The video was nominated in the category of Music Video of the Year at the 2017 Emma Awards.

Noonie Bao
Jonnali Mikaela Parmenius (born 9 August 1987), better known by the stage name Noonie Bao, is a Swedish singer, songwriter and record producer. She has written songs for artists such as Don Diablo, Ava Max, Katy Perry, Zara Larsson, Charli XCX, Camila Cabello, Zedd, Avicii, Kygo, David Guetta, Clean Bandit, Alesso, Feed Me, Alan Walker, and Carly Rae Jepsen.
John Sprott
John Chappell Sprott (16 October 1903 – 11 November 1982) was an eminent Anglican priest in the mid 20th century.

He was educated at the University of Glasgow, graduating in 1925. His early working life was spent as a locomotive engineer and he retained an interest in railways throughout his life. He was ordained after a period of study at Edinburgh Theological College in 1928. His ecclesiastical career began as a Minor Canon and Succentor at St Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh after which he held curacies at All Saints, Glasgow and St George the Martyr, Holborn. From 1933 to 1937 he was Rector of West Hackney and then Provost of St Paul's Cathedral, Dundee. His service at St Paul's marked the start of a  35-year association with the Diocese of Brechin, and in 1959 he became Bishop of Brechin, a post he held until his retirement in 1975 to make way for a younger man. He and his wife planned to retire to Troon.

Hackney (parish)
Hackney was a parish in the historic county of Middlesex. The parish church of St John-at-Hackney was built in 1792, replacing the nearby former 16th-century parish church dedicated to St Augustine (pulled down in 1798).

The original tower of that church was retained to hold the bells until the new church could be strengthened; the bells were finally removed to the new St John's in 1854. See details of other, more modern, churches within the original parish boundaries below.
Ernest-Omer Gingras
Ernest-Omer Gingras (18 February 1887 – 11 September 1983) was a Liberal party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Saint-Camille, Quebec and became a clerk and merchant by career. He was born in 1887, the son of François Gingras.

He served as mayor of Marbleton, Quebec for 20 years. Gingras entered federal politics when he won the Richmond—Wolfe riding in the 1949 general election. He was re-elected for successive terms in 1953 and 1957 then defeated in 1958 by Florent Dubois of the Progressive Conservative party.

1958 Canadian federal election
The 1958 Canadian federal election was held to elect members  of the House of Commons of Canada of the 24th Parliament of Canada on March 31, 1958, just nine months after the 23rd election. It transformed Prime Minister John Diefenbaker's minority into the largest majority government in Canadian history and the second-largest percentage of the popular vote; only Unionist Prime Minister Robert Borden’s triumph in the 1917 federal election, at 56.93 percent, was higher. Although the Tories would surpass their 1958-seat total in the 1984 election, the 1958 result (achieved in a smaller House) remains unmatched both in terms of percentage of seats (78.5%) and the size of the government majority over all opposition parties (a 151-seat majority). Voter turnout was 79.4%, the highest percentage of eligible electors to cast a ballot in Canadian federal election history.
Étienne d'Espagnet
Étienne d'Espagnet (born c. 1596) was the son of parliamentary counselor Jean d'Espagnet and Charlotte De Mangeau. He became a parliamentary counselor in 1617. He married in 1629 and had a son in 1634.

He was friends with Viète and Fermat. d'Espagnet shared mathematical interest with Fermat and was the recipient of at least some of Fermat's mathematical papers.

François Viète
François Viète (French: [fʁɑ̃swa vjɛt]; 1540 – 23 February 1603), known in Latin as Franciscus Vieta, was a French mathematician whose work on new algebra was an important step towards modern algebra, due to his innovative use of letters as parameters in equations. Because of this, Viète is sometimes called "the father of modern algebraic notation". He was a lawyer by trade, and served as a privy councillor to both Henry III and Henry IV of France.
La Maison Tellier (short story collection)
La Maison Tellier is a collection of short stories by Guy de Maupassant that includes the eponymous story. The book established Maupassant as a prominent French writer following the success of his first short story, "Boule de suif". Five of the eight stories in the collection had already been published in various magazines, like Revue politique et littéraire and  La Vie Moderne, and three were originals.

The introduction includes a dedication that reads: "À Ivan Tourgueniev, hommage d'une affection et d'une grande admiration" (translated as "To Ivan Turgenev, an homage of affection and great admiration". The two writers had met in 1876 through a mutual friend, Gustave Flaubert.

Guy de Maupassant
Henri René Albert Guy de Maupassant (UK: /ˈmoʊpæsɒ̃/, US: /ˈmoʊpəsɒnt, ˌmoʊpəˈsɒ̃/; French: [ɡi d(ə) mopasɑ̃]; 5 August 1850 – 6 July 1893) was a 19th-century French author, celebrated as a master of the short story, as well as a representative of the naturalist school, depicting human lives, destinies and social forces in disillusioned and often pessimistic terms.

Maupassant was a protégé of Gustave Flaubert and his stories are characterized by economy of style and efficient, seemingly effortless dénouements. Many are set during the Franco-Prussian War of the 1870s, describing the futility of war and the innocent civilians who, caught up in events beyond their control, are permanently changed by their experiences. He wrote 300 short stories, six novels, three travel books, and one volume of verse. His first published story, "Boule de Suif" ("The Dumpling", 1880), is often considered his most famous work.
Ed Reynolds (scholar)
Edward Reynolds (born January 23, 1942) was the first black full-time graduate of Wake Forest University, a move that began the desegregation movement for private schools in the American South. He became a professor of history at the University of California, San Diego, and the author of several history books.

Desegregation in the United States
Desegregation is the process of ending the separation of two groups, usually referring to races. Desegregation is typically measured by the index of dissimilarity, allowing researchers to determine whether desegregation efforts are having impact on the settlement patterns of various groups. This is most commonly used in reference to the United States. Desegregation was long a focus of the American civil rights movement, both before and after the US Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education, particularly desegregation of the school systems and the military. Racial integration of society was a closely related goal.
2-Ethylhexyl fluoroacetate
2-Ethylhexyl fluoroacetate is an organic compound with the chemical formula FCH2CO2CH2CH(CH2CH3)CH2CH2CH2CH3. It is the fluoroacetate (FCH2CO2−) ester of 2-ethylhexanol, in other words, the 2-ethylhexyl (−CH2CH(CH2CH3)CH2CH2CH2CH3) ester of fluoroacetic acid. It can be produced by reaction of ethyl fluoroacetate with 2-ethylhexanol. 2-Ethylhexyl fluoroacetate is a liquid that is highly toxic by skin absorption.

2-Ethylhexanol
2-Ethylhexanol (abbreviated 2-EH) is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH3CH2CH2CH2CH(CH2CH3)CH2OH. It is a branched, eight-carbon chiral alcohol. It is a colorless liquid that is poorly soluble in water but soluble in most organic solvents. It is produced on a large scale (>2,000,000,000 kg/y) for use in numerous applications such as solvents, flavors, and fragrances and especially as a precursor for production of other chemicals such as emollients and plasticizers. It is encountered in plants, fruits, and wines. The odor has been reported as "heavy, earthy, and slightly floral" for the R enantiomer and "a light, sweet floral fragrance" for the S enantiomer.