hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Manuel Valadares
Manuel Valadares (1904–1982) was a Portuguese atomic and nuclear physicist, who studied with Marie Curie. He played an important role in the development of atomic and nuclear research at the University of Lisbon before returning to France in 1947 after being dismissed by the Estado Novo government, along with a large number of other university professors and researchers. He was also a pioneer in the use of X-rays for art restoration in Portugal.

Nuclear physics
Nuclear physics is the field of physics that studies atomic nuclei and their constituents and interactions, in addition to the study of other forms of nuclear matter.

Nuclear physics should not be confused with atomic physics, which studies the atom as a whole, including its electrons.

Discoveries in nuclear physics have led to applications in many fields such as nuclear power, nuclear weapons, nuclear medicine and magnetic resonance imaging, industrial and agricultural isotopes, ion implantation in materials engineering, and radiocarbon dating in geology and archaeology. Such applications are studied in the field of nuclear engineering.

Particle physics evolved out of nuclear physics and the two fields are typically taught in close association. Nuclear astrophysics, the application of nuclear physics to astrophysics, is crucial in explaining the inner workings of stars and the origin of the chemical elements.
Jan Campert
Jan Remco Theodoor Campert (Spijkenisse, 15 August 1902 – 12 January 1943) was a Dutch journalist, theater critic and writer who lived in Amsterdam. During the German occupation of the Netherlands in World War II Campert was arrested for aiding Jews. He was held in the Neuengamme concentration camp, where he died.

Campert is best known for his poem "Het lied der achttien dooden" ("The Song of the Eighteen Dead"), describing the execution of 18 resistance workers (15 resistance fighters and three communists) by the German occupier. Written in 1941 and based on an account published in Het Parool, the poem was clandestinely published in 1943 as a poetry card (rijmprent) by what became the De Bezige Bij publishing house to raise money to hide Jewish children.

He was the father of the novelist and poet Remco Campert.

The Jan Campert Prize is named after him.

Het Parool
Het Parool (Dutch pronunciation: [ɦɛt paːˈroːl]) is an Amsterdam-based daily newspaper. It was first published on 10 February 1941 as a resistance paper during the German occupation of the Netherlands (1940–1945). In English, its name means The Password or The Motto.
Port Orford, Oregon
Port Orford (Tolowa: tr’ee-ghi~’- ’an’) is a city in Curry County on the southern coast of Oregon, United States. The population was 1,146 at the 2020 census.

The city takes its name from George Vancouver's original name for nearby Cape Blanco, which he named for George, Earl of Orford, "a much-respected friend."

Port Orford is the westernmost settlement in the state of Oregon, and the westernmost incorporated place in the 48 contiguous states.

KDOV (FM)
KDOV is a non-commercial radio station in Medford, Oregon, broadcasting to the Medford-Ashland, Oregon area on 91.7 FM. KDOV airs Christian contemporary music and religious programming. It is owned by United Christian Broadcasters, through licensee UCB USA, Inc.

KDOV has a sister television station, KDSO-LD.
Plus (autonomous trucking)
Plus (also known as Plus Automation) is an American autonomous driving technology company based in Santa Clara, California. The company develops Level 4 autonomous driving  technology for commercial freight trucks. In 2019, the company completed the first cross-country driverless freight delivery in the U.S. The company's self-driving system began to be used commercially in 2021.

Traton
Traton SE, known as the Traton Group (formerly Volkswagen Truck & Bus AG), is a subsidiary of the Volkswagen Group and one of the world's largest commercial vehicle manufacturers, with its Scania, MAN, International, Volkswagen Truck & Bus, IC Bus and Neoplan brands. The company also has digital services branded as RIO. In 2024, the group sold 334,215 vehicles. The range of products includes light-, medium-, and heavy-duty trucks, as well as vans and buses. As of December 31, 2024, Traton employed around 105,000 people in its commercial vehicle brands.
Kuli-kuli
Kuli-kuli is a  Nigerian snack primarily made from peanuts, first made by the Nupe people of Nigeria. It is a popular snack in Nigeria, Benin, northern Cameroon and Ghana. Today kuli-kuli is accepted across the globe. It is often eaten alone or with a mixture of garri also known as cassava flakes, sugar and water, popularly called "garri soakings". It is also eaten with Hausa koko, fura, and akamu, and is sometimes ground and put into salad. It is often ground and used as an ingredient for suya and kilishi.

Kuli-kuli is a byproduct of processing raw peanuts into peanut oil.

Nupe people
The Nupe (traditionally called the Nufawa by the Hausas and Tapa by the neighbouring Yoruba) are an ethnic group native to North Central Nigeria. They are the dominant ethnic group in Niger State and an important minority in Kwara State. The Nupe are also present in Kogi State and The Federal Capital Territory.
Hermeuptychia sosybius
Hermeuptychia sosybius, the Carolina satyr, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found in the United States from southern New Jersey south along the coast to southern Florida, west to south-eastern Kansas, central Oklahoma and central Texas. It is also found in Mexico and Central America.

The wingspan is 32–38 mm.

The larvae also feed on various Poaceae species, including Axonopus compressus, Eremochloa ophiuroides, Stenotaphrum secundatum and Poa pratensis.

St. Augustine grass
St. Augustine grass  (Stenotaphrum secundatum), also known as buffalo turf in Australia and buffalo grass in South Africa, is a species of grass in the family Poaceae. It is a warm-season lawn grass that is popular for cultivation in tropical and subtropical regions. It is a medium- to high-maintenance grass that forms a thick, carpetlike sod, crowding out most weeds and other grasses.
John Brown (cricketer, born 1890)
John Dowell Brown (25 August 1890 – 18 March 1968) was an English cricketer.  Brown was a left-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox.  He was born at Coventry, Warwickshire.

Brown made his first-class debut for Warwickshire against Worcestershire at Tipton Road, Dudley in the 1913 County Championship.  He made eight further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Sussex in the 1914 County Championship.  In his nine first-class matches, he took 9 wickets at a bowling average of 29.33, with best figures of 4/18.  With the bat, he scored 12 runs at an average of 1.71, with a high score of 7.

He died at Leamington Spa, Warwickshire on 18 March 1968.

1914 County Championship
The 1914 County Championship was the 25th officially organised running of the County Championship, and began on 2 May 1914. Originally scheduled to run until 9 September, the last two matches of the season (both involving Surrey) were cancelled due to the outbreak of World War I.

With the final positions in the table being calculated by the percentage of possible points gained, Surrey were named champions for the seventh time.
2nd Central Executive Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
The 2nd Central Executive Committee, officially the 2nd Central Executive Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC, Traditional Chinese: 中共第二中央執行委員會), was elected by the 2nd National Congress and its electoral term started in 1922 and ended in 1923. This was the first form of a central committee organ elected by the CCP. Still, modern sessions of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party are, by custom, numbered according to the session of the National Congress at which they are elected.

Because of the CCP's small size at the 1st National Congress, a Central Bureau was elected rather than a Central Committee. The name "Central Executive Committee" was used until the convocation of the 5th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party in 1927, at which time it was shortened to Central Committee.

5th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party
The 5th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party was convened from April 27 to May 9, 1927, in Wuhan, China.: 114  It was held right after the Shanghai Massacre of Communists and sympathizers. The Republic of China was the official government of China at the time, and the Communists were widely persecuted by the ruling Kuomintang.

The 5th National Congress set in motion the 5th Central Committee. It was preceded by the 4th National Congress and succeeded by the 6th National Congress. The first phase of the Chinese Communist Revolution (1921-1927) had ended, and the Chinese Civil War had begun.
UMass Lowell River Hawks baseball
The UMass Lowell River Hawks baseball team represents University of Massachusetts Lowell, which is located in Lowell, Massachusetts. The River Hawks are an NCAA Division I college baseball program that competes in the America East Conference. They began competing in Division I in 2014 and joined the America East Conference the same season.

The UMass Lowell River Hawks play all home games at Edward A. LeLacheur Park. Over their two seasons of postseason eligibility in the America East Conference, the River Hawks have played in two America East Tournaments, advancing to the semifinals in 2018 but have yet to play in the NCAA Division I Tournament.

Since the program's inception in 1976, five River Hawks have gone on to play in Major League Baseball, highlighted by 1987 Gold Glove catcher Mike LaValliere. Over the program's 35 seasons, 22 River Hawks have been drafted, including Jack Leathersich who was selected in the fifth round of the 2011 Major League Baseball draft.

Jack Leathersich
John Victor Leathersich (born July 14, 1990) is an American former professional baseball pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the New York Mets, Chicago Cubs, and Pittsburgh Pirates between 2015 and 2017.
Dmalloc
Dmalloc is a C memory debugger library written by Gray Watson to assist programmers in finding a variety of dynamic memory allocation mistakes. It replaces parts (such as malloc) of the C standard library provided by the operating system or compiler with its own versions, which produce information intended to help the programmer detect problematic code.

Dmalloc can find memory leaks, off-by-one errors, and usage of invalid addresses in some library functions calls.

Off-by-one error
An off-by-one error or off-by-one bug (known by acronyms OBOE, OBOB, OBO, and OB1) is a logic error that involves a number that differs from its intended value by 1. An off-by-one error can sometimes appear in a mathematical context. It also often occurs in computer programming when a loop iterates one time too many or too few, usually caused by the use of non-strict inequality (≤) as the terminating condition where strict inequality (<) should have been used, or vice versa. Off-by-one errors also stem from confusion over zero-based numbering.
2012 Barcelona Open Banc Sabadell
The 2012 Barcelona Open Banco Sabadell (also known as the Torneo Godó) was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 60th edition of the event and it was part of the ATP World Tour 500 series of the 2012 ATP World Tour. It took place at the Real Club de Tenis Barcelona in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, from 23 April through 29 April 2010. First-seeded Rafael Nadal won the singles title.

ATP 500 tournaments
The ATP 500 tournaments (previously known as the ATP World Tour 500 tournaments, ATP International Series Gold, and ATP Championship Series) are the fourth-highest tier of annual men's tennis tournaments, after the four Grand Slam tournaments, ATP Finals, and the ATP Masters 1000 events. The winners of each tournament are awarded 500 ranking points—which accounts for the name of the series.

As of 2025, the series includes 16 tournaments, which have draws of 32 for singles (except for the Washington Open: 48) and 16 for doubles. Leading players must enter at least four 500 events, including at least one after the US Open; if they play fewer than four, or fail to play in one after the US Open they get a "zero" score towards their world ranking for each one short.

Roger Federer has won the most ATP 500 singles titles (24), while Daniel Nestor has won the most doubles titles (20).
Infrared sauna
An infrared sauna uses infrared heaters to emit infrared light experienced as radiant heat which is absorbed by the surface of the skin. Infrared saunas are popular in alternative therapies, where they are claimed to help with a number of medical issues including autism, cancer, and COVID-19, but these claims are entirely pseudoscientific. Traditional saunas differ from infrared saunas in that they heat the body primarily by conduction and convection from the heated air and by radiation of the heated surfaces in the sauna room whereas infrared saunas primarily use just radiation.

Infrared saunas are also used in Infrared Therapy and Waon Therapy; while there is a small amount of preliminary evidence that these therapies correlate with a number of benefits, including reduced blood pressure, increased heart rate and increased left ventricular function, there are several problems with linking this evidence to alleged health benefits.

Convection (heat transfer)
Convection (or convective heat transfer) is the transfer of heat from one place to another due to the movement of fluid. Although often discussed as a distinct method of heat transfer, convective heat transfer involves the combined processes of conduction (heat diffusion) and advection (heat transfer by bulk fluid flow). Convection is usually the dominant form of heat transfer in liquids and gases.

Note that this definition of convection is only applicable in Heat transfer and thermodynamic contexts. It should not be confused with the dynamic fluid phenomenon of convection, which is typically referred to as Natural Convection in thermodynamic contexts in order to distinguish the two.
Liebe ist für alle da Tour
The Liebe ist für alle da Tour was a concert tour by German band Rammstein that took place from 2009 through 2011, in support of their sixth studio album, Liebe ist für alle da.  The tour consisted of six legs and took place in Europe, North America, South America, New Zealand, Australia and South Africa. During the tour, Rammstein would perform in the countries of Turkey and South Africa. The band would perform in the United States and Canada for the first time since their 2001 Mutter tour.

Rammstein headlined every performance throughout the tour, sometimes sharing headlining status at festival appearances. Their main support act was Combichrist, but also included Lacuna Coil, Skunk Anansie, Brand New Blood, and Kanatran. The tour consisted of six legs and 111 shows, beginning on November 8, 2009 and finishing on May 31, 2011.

Combichrist
Combichrist is an American aggrotech / industrial metal band formed in 2003 by Norwegian vocalist Andy LaPlegua, who also founded the bands Icon of Coil, Panzer AG, Scandinavian Cock and Scandy. Combichrist was formed in Atlanta, Georgia. The band consists of only LaPlegua in the studio, with a changing lineup of live performing members. Releases by the band have been very successful in terms of sales and charted in top positions for dance and alternative charts worldwide.
2013–14 Northern Illinois Huskies men's basketball team
The 2013–14 Northern Illinois Huskies men's basketball team represented Northern Illinois University during the 2013–14 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Huskies, led by third year head coach Mark Montgomery, played their home games at the Convocation Center as members of the West Division of the Mid-American Conference. They finished the season 15–17, 8–10 in MAC play to finish in fourth place in the West Division. They advanced to the second round of the MAC tournament where they lost to Eastern Michigan.

2014 MAC men's basketball tournament
The 2014 Mid-American Conference men's basketball tournament was the post-season men's basketball tournament for the Mid-American Conference (MAC) 2013–14 college basketball season. The 2014 tournament was held March 10–15. Top-seeded Western Michigan defeated Toledo in the tournament final.  In the NCAA tournament they lost to Syracuse.
The American Playwrights Theater: The One Acts
The American Playwrights Theater:  The One Acts is an American television anthology series. Anthony Quinn hosted four episodes that aired on the Arts and Entertainment Network from 1989 to 1990.  Play titles were Third and Oak: The Pool Hall by Marsha Norman; The Rope (One-Act Play) by Eugene O'Neill; Let Me Hear You Whisper by Paul Zindel; and Twenty-seven Wagons Full of Cotton by Tennessee Williams.

Directors were George Schaefer, Fielder Cook, Lela Swift, and Don Scardino.

Many notable actors performed, including James Earl Jones, Lesley Ann Warren, Jose Ferrer, Elizabeth Ashley, Rue McClanahan, and Jean Stapleton.

Elizabeth Ashley
Elizabeth Ann Cole (born August 30, 1939), known professionally as Elizabeth Ashley, is an American actress of theatre, film, and television. She has been nominated for three Tony Awards, winning once in 1962 for Take Her, She's Mine. Ashley was also nominated for the BAFTA and Golden Globe awards for her supporting performance in The Carpetbaggers (1964), and was nominated for an Emmy Award in 1991 for Evening Shade. Ashley was a guest on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson 24 times.  She appeared in several episodes of In the Heat of the Night as Maybelle Chesboro. She also appeared in an episode of Mannix, "The Dark Hours", in 1974. She is a 2024 inductee into the American Theater Hall of Fame.
1977 U.S. Clay Court Championships – Men's doubles
Brian Gottfried and Raúl Ramírez were the defending champions, but they played in the Buckeye Classic this year.
Patricio Cornejo and Jaime Fillol claimed the title following victory over Dick Crealy and Cliff Letcher in the final. Crealy and Letcher were denied their prize money because their late appearance had caused the final to be delayed.

Cliff Letcher
Cliff Letcher (9 February 1952 – 31 December 2004) was a professional tennis player from Australia. He played Davis Cup for Austria.

Letcher enjoyed most of his tennis success while playing doubles. During his career, he won two doubles titles and finished runner-up in doubles at three Grand Slam events.

Letcher died on 31 December 2004.

His children Clint, Chris and Sophie Letcher were also professional tennis players.
Crooked Creek, West Virginia
Crooked Creek is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Logan County, West Virginia, United States. The CDP was first drawn for the 2020 census, in which the population was 273.

Crooked Creek is in central Logan County, in the valley of its namesake creek, a west-flowing tributary of the Guyandotte River. The community is bordered to the south by Peach Creek, in the valley of its own namesake creek. Crooked Creek is 3 miles (5 km) north of Logan, the county seat.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the Crooked Creek CDP has an area of 0.58 square miles (1.5 km2), all land.

Guyandotte River
The Guyandotte River is a tributary of the Ohio River, approximately 166 mi (267 km) long, in southwestern West Virginia in the United States.  It was named after the French term for the Wendat Native Americans. It drains an area of the unglaciated Allegheny Plateau south of the Ohio between the watersheds of the Kanawha River to the northeast and Twelvepole Creek and the Big Sandy River to the southwest.  Via the Ohio River, it is part of the Mississippi River watershed.
Outline of the Republic of the Congo
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the Republic of the Congo:

Republic of the Congo – also known as  Congo-Brazzaville or the Congo, is a sovereign country located in Central Africa.  It is bordered by Gabon, Cameroon, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Angolan exclave province of Cabinda, and the Gulf of Guinea.

The republic is a former French colony.  Upon independence in 1960, the former French region of Middle Congo became the Republic of the Congo. After a quarter century of Marxism, Congo became a multi-party democracy in 1992. However, a brief civil war in 1997 ended in the restoration of former Marxist President Denis Sassou Nguesso to power.

Capital punishment in the Republic of the Congo
Capital punishment was abolished in the Republic of the Congo in 2015. The country carried out its last execution in 1982. Before the abolition of the death penalty, the Republic of the Congo was classified as "Abolitionist in Practice." The Republic of the Congo is not a state party to the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.
Klakstein
Klakstein is a Faroese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bára Klakstein (born 1954), Faroese football coach and former footballer

Eyðun Klakstein (born 1972), Faroese football coach and former footballer

Eyðvør Klakstein (born 1995), Faroese footballer

Eyðvør Klakstein
Eyðvør Klakstein (born 5 September 1995) is a Faroese football midfielder who currently plays for KÍ. From August 2015 until May 2016 she was playing for CD Marino in the second best football division in Spain.
Weener railway station
Weener (German pronunciation: [ˈveːnɐ]) is a railway station in the village of Weener in Germany. It is located on the Ihrhove–Nieuweschans railway between Leer and Bad Nieuweschans (Netherlands). Due to the destruction of a bridge near Weener, a bus service is provided by Arriva.

Spurt (Dutch Railways)
Spurt (Dutch pronunciation: [spʏrt]) is a trade name used by Arriva Netherlands for most of the Stadler GTW trains operated in that country. The current Arriva fleet includes both 2-car (GTW 2/6) and 3-car (GTW 2/8) variants and both Electric and Diesel powered examples.  Eight of the units are equipped for operation through to Leer in Germany.
Shrisitaramakelikaumudi
Śrīsītārāmakelikaumudī (Hindi: श्रीसीतारामकेलिकौमुदी) (2008), literally The moonlight (elucidation) for the [childhood] pastimes of Sītā and Rāma, is a minor poem in the Braja dialect of Hindi (with some verses in Maithili) belonging to the Rītikāvya genre. It was composed by Jagadguru Rambhadracharya (1950–) in the years 2007 and 2008. The work is set in the backdrop of the Bālakāṇḍa of Vālmīki's Rāmāyaṇa and Tulasīdāsa's Rāmacaritamānasa, and is an assortment of verses describing the activities, pastimes and major events during the childhood of Sītā and Rāma. Śrīsītārāmakelikaumudī consists of 324 verses divided in three parts of 108 verses each. The verses are composed in seven Prakrit metres, namely Amātrika, Kavitta, Gīta, Ghanākṣarī, Caupaiyā, Drumila, and Mattagajendra.

A copy of the epic with a Hindi commentary has been published by the Jagadguru Rambhadracharya Handicapped University, Chitrakuta, Uttar Pradesh. The book was released on October 30, 2008.

Para Brahman
Para Brahman or Param Brahman (Sanskrit: परब्रह्म, romanised: parabrahma) in Hindu philosophy is the "Supreme Brahman" that which is beyond all descriptions and conceptualisations. It is described as beyond the form or the formlessness (in the sense that it is devoid of Maya) that eternally pervades everything, everywhere in the universe and whatever is beyond.

Para Brahman is conceptualised in diverse ways. In the Advaita Vedanta tradition, the Para Brahman is a synonym of nirguna brahman, i.e., the attribute-less Absolute, which, according to Advaita vedanta, transcends conceptualisation, including both emptiness and infiniteness. Conversely, in Dvaita Vedanta and Vishistadvaita Vedanta traditions, the Para Brahman is defined as saguna brahman, i.e., the Absolute with attributes. In Vaishnavism, Shaivism, and Shaktism, Vishnu, Shiva, and Adi Shakti respectively are Para Brahman. Mahaganapati is held to be Para Brahman by the Ganapatya sect, Kartikeya by the Kaumaram.