hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Biraco
Biraco is the acronym of Bismuth, Radium, and Cobalt. It was the name of  a now-defunct subsidiary company of Union Minière du Haut Katanga (UMHK) and Société Générale de Belgique created to refine these elements from the copper and uranium ores coming from the  Katanga province in the Democratic Republic of Congo.

Radium was industrially produced in the beginning of the 20th century by Biraco in its Olen plant near Antwerp in Belgium.

The radium production plant was demolished during the years 1970 and the radium production wastes confined in a shallowly buried vault. The Olen site is still the object of remediation works financed by Umicore in the frame of its historical liability.

Olen, Belgium
Olen (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈoːlə(n)]) is a municipality located in the Belgian province of Antwerp. The municipality comprises three towns, situated on a south–north axis:

South of the motorway E313 and the Albert Canal is Olen proper, also called Olen-Centrum (Saint-Martins parish).

Between the Albert Canal and Olen-station (railroad from Antwerp to Neerpelt and Hasselt) is the town of Boekel, also called Onze-Lieve-Vrouw-Olen (parish) or Achter-Olen (Behind-Olen).

North of the railroad is the town of St.-Jozef-Olen (parish), also called Olen-Fabriek (Olen-Factory, a refinery along the old canal Herentals-Bocholt that was at its origin).

In 2021, Olen had a total population of 12,600. The total area is 23.10 km2.
Homer S. Hill
Homer Spurgeon Hill (July 21, 1919 – August 7, 1992) was a decorated naval aviator in the United States Marine Corps with the rank of major general. A veteran of three wars, Hill began his career as a reservist and pilot of transport planes, participating in combats in Pacific theater.

Following the war, he was transferred to active duty and rose to the general's rank, participating as Assistant Wing Commander, 1st Marine Aircraft Wing in Vietnam War. He later served as Director of Marine Aviation and during his tenure, McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II, a single-engine ground-attack aircraft capable of vertical or short takeoff and landing was introduced by the Marine Corps. Hill completed his career as Commanding general, 3rd Marine Aircraft Wing in January 1974.

Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point
Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point or MCAS Cherry Point (*34°54′03″N 76°52′51″W﻿ / ﻿34.9009°N 76.8807°W﻿ / 34.9009; -76.8807) (ICAO: KNKT, FAA LID: NKT) is a United States Marine Corps airfield located in Havelock, North Carolina, United States, in the eastern part of the state. It was built in 1941, and was commissioned in 1942 and is currently home to the 2nd Marine Aircraft Wing.
Settrington Beck
Settrington Beck is a watercourse that is a tributary of the River Derwent in North Yorkshire, England. The beck rises on the northern part of the Yorkshire Wolds and is a chalk stream that flows northwards through the village of Settrington, for which it is named after. The beck is one of 34 chalk streams in the eastern part of Yorkshire that flow into the Humber Estuary. As a chalk stream, the beck is protected by the Environment Agency for its rate of flow, with abstraction licences being reduced in amount that can be taken over other non-chalk watercourses.

Environment Agency
The Environment Agency (EA) is a non-departmental public body, established in 1996 and sponsored by the United Kingdom government's Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, with responsibilities relating to the protection and enhancement of the environment in England (and until 2013 also Wales).

Based in Bristol, the Environment Agency is responsible for flood management, waste management, regulating land and water pollution, and conservation.
Mateo Falcone (opera)
Mateo Falcone (Russian: Матео Фальконе, romanized: Mateo Fal'kone) is a one-act opera composed by César Cui during 1906–1907.  (Actually, Cui designated the genre of this work as "dramatic scene.") The libretto was adapted by the composer from Prosper Mérimée's like-named story from 1829 and Vasily Zhukovsky's verse rendering thereof.  It was premiered on 14 December 1907 (Old Style), at the Bolshoi Theatre in Moscow (the work was given along with the composer's early one-act comic opera, The Mandarin's Son).  The premiere production of Mateo was a failure; the work never became part of the standard operatic repertoire in Russia, and seems never to have been performed again.

Vasily Zhukovsky
Vasily Andreyevich Zhukovsky (Russian: Василий Андреевич Жуковский; 9 February [O.S. 29 January] 1783 – 24 April [O.S. 12 April] 1852) was the foremost Russian poet of the 1810s and a leading figure in Russian literature in the first half of the 19th century.  He held a high position at the Romanov court as tutor to the Grand Duchess Alexandra Feodorovna and later to her son, the future tsar Alexander II.

Zhukovsky is credited with introducing the Romantic movement into Russia. The main body of his literary output consists of free translations covering an impressively wide range of poets, from ancients like Ferdowsi and Homer to his contemporaries Goethe, Schiller, Byron, and others. Many of his translations have become classics of Russian literature, regarded by some to be better written and more enduring in Russian than in their original languages.
Zhuang Jia (Qi)
Zhuang Jia (Chinese: t 莊賈, s 庄贾, Zhuāng Jiǎ) was an official for the state of Qi during China's Spring and Autumn period.

Although he was the favorite of the king of Qi, he was famously put to death for being late to a meeting.

Spring and Autumn period
The Spring and Autumn period (c. 770 – c. 481 BCE) was a period in Chinese history corresponding roughly to the first half of the Eastern Zhou (c. 771 – 256 BCE), characterized by the gradual erosion of royal power as local lords nominally subject to the Zhou exercised increasing political autonomy. The period's name derives from the Spring and Autumn Annals, a chronicle of the state of Lu between 722 and 481 BCE, which tradition associates with Confucius (551–479 BCE).

During this period, local polities negotiated their own alliances, waged wars against one another, up to defying the king's court in Luoyi. The gradual Partition of Jin, one of the most powerful states, is generally considered to mark the end of the Spring and Autumn period and the beginning of the Warring States period. The periodization dates to the late Western Han (c. 48 BCE – 9 CE).
Dejan Židan
Dejan Židan (pronounced [ˈdɛːjan ˈʒiːdan]) (born 16 October 1967) is a Slovenian politician, former leader of the Social Democrats, and the former speaker of the National Assembly of Slovenia.

A veterinarian by education, Židan served as minister of agriculture, forestry, and nutrition from 2010 in 2012 in Borut Pahor's government. In the 2011 parliamentary election, Židan was elected a member of the National Assembly. In 2013, Židan became minister of agriculture and the environment in Alenka Bratušek's government. In March 2014, Židan was named the most popular Slovenian politician in a public opinion poll. Following the European Parliament election, Židan replaced Igor Lukšič as acting president of the Social Democrats.

Veterinarian
A veterinarian (vet) or veterinary surgeon is a medical professional who practices veterinary medicine. They manage a wide range of health conditions and injuries in non-human animals. Along with this, veterinarians also play a role in animal reproduction, health management, conservation, husbandry and breeding and preventive medicine like nutrition, vaccination and parasitic control as well as biosecurity and zoonotic disease surveillance and prevention.
Kennamer Cove, Alabama
Kennamer Cove is an unincorporated community and cove in Marshall County, Alabama, United States. Kennamer Cove is located on the side of Gunters Mountain, and was first settled circa 1814 by the Kennamer family. Many of the inhabitants of the cove joined the Union Army during the American Civil War. Kennamer Cove is known regionally for hosting one of the largest family reunions in Alabama. Cathedral Caverns State Park and Kennamer Cave, a cave owned and preserved by the Southeastern Cave Conservancy Inc., are both located in Kennamer Cove.

A post office was operated in Kennamer Cove from 1870 to 1909.

Gunters Mountain
Gunters Mountain is a plateau-type summit in the U.S. state of Alabama.  Part of the Cumberland Plateau, Gunters Mountain separates the Cumberland Plateau from the valley of the Tennessee River.

Gunters Mountain is in Marshall County and Jackson County, just west of Guntersville Lake, a reservoir on the Tennessee River.  The town of Grant is located on top of the plateau of Gunters Mountain.  The mountain is located about halfway between the cities of Guntersville and Scottsboro. It is also the highest point of Marshall County.

Variant names of Gunters Mountain include Grant Mountain, Gunter Mountain, and Shell Mountain.
Igor Magazinnik
Igor Magazinik (Russian: Игорь Магазинник, Hebrew: איגור מגזיניק) is an Israeli-Russian entrepreneur and businessman of Jewish-Russian descent. He is known as the CTO and co-founder of Viber.

Magazinik was born in Nizhny Novgorod, Russia. At age 16, he moved to Israel. Upon graduating university, he worked as a programmer and served 3 years in the Army. With Talmon Marco, he founded his first start-up (now defunct) iMesh.

Chief technology officer
A chief technology officer (CTO), chief technical officer, or chief technologist is a corporate officer tasked with managing technical operations of an organization. They oversee and supervise research and development and serve as a technical advisor to a higher executive such as a chief executive officer.

A CTO is very similar to a chief information officer (CIO). CTOs will make decisions for the overarching technology infrastructure that closely align with the organization's goals, while CIOs work alongside the organization's information technology ("IT") staff members to perform everyday operations. The attributes of the roles a CTO holds vary from one company to another, mainly depending on their organizational structure.
Assault on Devil's Island
Assault on Devil's Island, also known as Shadow Warriors, is a 1997 Canadian–American made-for-television action film directed by Jon Cassar, starring Terry "Hulk" Hogan, Carl Weathers and Shannon Tweed. Hogan and Weathers portray Navy SEALs who team up with Tweed's DEA agent to fight drug-funded mercenaries holding a sports team hostage on a Caribbean island.

Billed as a "Nitro Original", it was an attempt to spin off the popular professional wrestling show WCW Nitro into dramatic programming, and featured Hogan in a harder edged role, among an ensemble cast of action veterans that also included Martin Kove, Billy Drago, Trevor Goddard and Billy Blanks. Hogan and fellow Nitro personality Eric Bischoff were credited as executive producers. The film received a sequel in 1999, called Assault on Death Mountain.

United States Navy SEALs
The United States Navy Sea, Air, and Land (SEAL) Teams, commonly known as Navy SEALs, are the United States Navy's primary special operations force and a component of the United States Naval Special Warfare Command. Among the SEAL's main functions are conducting small-unit special operation missions in maritime, jungle, urban, arctic, mountainous, and desert environments. SEALs are typically ordered to capture or kill high-level targets, or to gather intelligence behind enemy lines.

SEAL team personnel are hand-selected, highly trained, and highly proficient in unconventional warfare (UW), direct action (DA), and special reconnaissance (SR), among other tasks like sabotage, demolition, intelligence gathering, and hydrographic reconnaissance, training, and advising friendly militaries or other forces. All active SEALs are members of the U.S. Navy.
NUTS statistical regions of Bulgaria
The Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS) is a geocode standard for referencing the subdivisions of Bulgaria for statistical purposes. The standard is developed and regulated by the European Union. The NUTS standard is instrumental in delivering the European Union's Structural Funds. The NUTS code for Bulgaria is BG and a hierarchy of three levels is established by Eurostat. Below these are a further level of the geographic organisation - the local administrative unit (LAU). In Bulgaria, the LAU 1 is municipalities and the LAU 2 is settlements.

Standardization
Standardization (American English) or standardisation (British English) is the process of implementing and developing technical standards based on the consensus of different parties that include firms, users, interest groups, standards organizations and governments. Standardization can help maximize compatibility, interoperability, safety, repeatability, efficiency, and quality. It can also facilitate a normalization of formerly custom processes.

In social sciences, including economics, the idea of standardization is close to the solution for a coordination problem, a situation in which all parties can realize mutual gains, but only by making mutually consistent decisions. Divergent national standards impose costs on consumers and can be a form of non-tariff trade barrier.
Autopista B-23
The Autopista B-23 or Accés a Barcelona centre is a Spanish motorway that goes from Avinguda Diagonal, in Barcelona City, with the AP-7. It is located in Catalonia and has a length of 15.5 kilometres (9.6 mi). It is part of the European route E90.

The autopista starts in the Avinguda Diagonal, at Les Corts district. Then it continues crossing the towns of Esplugues de Llobregat, Sant Just Desvern, Sant Joan Despí and Sant Feliú de Llobregat. Then it continues parallel to Llobregat River and A-2, and surrounds Molins de Rei and El Papiol before joining to AP-7.

Sant Joan Despí
Sant Joan Despí (Old Catalan for 'Saint John of the Pine'; Catalan pronunciation: [ˈsaɲ ʒuˈan dəsˈpi]) is a city and municipality located in the Baix Llobregat area (Barcelona province in Catalonia, Spain). It is situated on the left bank of the Llobregat river. Es is a dialectal form of the masculine article el, hence Despí would be rendered Del pi in standard Catalan.

Since 2006, the town has been the home of the FC Barcelona training ground and youth academy, the Ciutat Esportiva Joan Gamper; in 2019, the club's Johan Cruyff Stadium opened adjacent to the training facility, which is home to FC Barcelona Femení, FC Barcelona Atlètic, and Juvenil A (U19 A team).
Annika Marie Fuchs
Annika-Marie Fuchs (born 29 April 1997) is a German athlete specialising in the javelin throw. She represented her country at the 2019 World Championships without qualifying for the final. In addition, she won a gold medal at the 2019 European U23 Championships in Gävle.

Her personal best in the event is 63.68 metres set in Gävle in 2019.

In 2019, she won the bronze medal in the team event at the 2019 European Games held in Minsk, Belarus.

2019 European Athletics U23 Championships
The 2019 European Athletics U23 Championships were the 12th edition of the biennial athletics competition between European athletes under the age of twenty-three. It was held in Gävle, Sweden from 11 to 14 July.
Three Mile Bay Historic District
Three Mile Bay Historic District is a national historic district located at Lyme near Chaumont in Jefferson County, New York.  The district includes six contributing buildings.  The four principal buildings are a church, its associated parsonage, a grange hall, and a four-room schoolhouse.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.

Chaumont, New York
Chaumont (/ʃəˈmoʊ/ shə-MOH) is a village in Jefferson County, New York,  United States. Its population was 624 at the 2010 census. The village is named for Jacques-Donatien Le Ray de Chaumont, son of Benjamin Franklin's landlord and friend at Passy in France. The village of Chaumont is in the town of Lyme and is northwest of Watertown.
Optical depth
In physics, optical depth or optical thickness is the natural logarithm of the ratio of incident to transmitted radiant power through a material.
Thus, the larger the optical depth, the smaller the amount of transmitted radiant power through the material. 
Spectral optical depth or spectral optical thickness is the natural logarithm of the ratio of incident to transmitted spectral radiant power through a material. Optical depth is dimensionless, and in particular is not a length, though it is a  monotonically increasing function of optical path length, and approaches zero as the path length approaches zero. The use of the term "optical density" for optical depth is discouraged.

In chemistry, a closely related quantity called "absorbance" or "decadic absorbance" is used instead of optical depth: the common logarithm of the ratio of incident to transmitted radiant power through a material. It is the optical depth divided by  loge(10), because of the different logarithm bases used.

Monotonic function
In mathematics, a monotonic function (or monotone function) is a function between ordered sets that preserves or reverses the given order. This concept first arose in calculus, and was later generalized to the more abstract setting of order theory.
Maria Luisa Figueira
Maria Luisa Figueira (born 1944) is a Portuguese Consultant psychiatrist, psychiatrist and academic known for her research in clinical and experimental psychopathology and psychopharmacology,  particularly in relation to bi-polar disorders and schizophrenia. She is Professor of Psychiatry and Director of the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Lisbon Faculty of Medicine and Head of the Psychiatric Department at the Hospital de Santa Maria in Lisbon.

University of Lisbon
The University of Lisbon (ULisboa; Portuguese: Universidade de Lisboa) is a public research university in Lisbon, and Portugal's largest university. It was founded in 1911, but the university's present structure dates to the 2013 merger of the former University of Lisbon (1911–2013) and the Technical University of Lisbon (1930–2013).
Fathabad, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari
Fathabad (Persian: فتح اباد, also Romanized as Fatḩābād) is a village in Lar Rural District, Laran District, Shahrekord County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 228, in 61 families. The village is populated by Persians with a minority of Turkic peoples.

Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province
Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province (Persian: استان چهارمحال و بختیاری) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its capital is the city of Shahr-e Kord. The province lies in the southwest of the country, with an area of 16,332 square kilometers.

The province was classified as part of Region 2 upon the division of the provinces into 5 regions solely for coordination and development purposes on June 22, 2014.

Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province lies in the heart of the Zagros Mountains, a mountain range that stretches across north-western Iran and forms a natural barrier between Iran and Iraq.
American Association of Pathologists and Bacteriologists
The American Association of Pathologists and Bacteriologists (AAPB) was an American national professional association established in 1901, devoted to fundamental science and academic medicine as distinct from clinical medicine. In 1976, they joined with the American Society for Experimental Pathology (ASEP) to form the American Association of Pathologists (AAP), which in 1992 became the American Society for Investigative Pathology (ASIP).

In 1924 the Council voted to end the Journal of Medical Research and with a grant from the General Education Board of the Rockefeller Foundation, the AAPB started the American Journal of Pathology on January 1, 1925, noting on the cover that it was a continuation of the Journal of Medical Research.

Professional association
A professional association (also called  a professional body, professional organization, or professional society) is a group that usually seeks to further a particular profession, the interests of individuals and organisations engaged in that profession, and the public interest. In the United States, such an association is typically a nonprofit business league for tax purposes. In the UK, they may take a variety of legal forms.
Directorate for Enemy Property (Norway)
The Directorate for Enemy Property (Norwegian: Direktoratet for fiendtlig eiendom) was a Norwegian government agency responsible for nationalization of all enemy property in Norway following the end of World War II. The organization was established on 8 March 1945 and disestablished on 31 December 1956. It had its head office in Oslo and was subordinate to the Ministry of Trade and Industry.

Ministry of Trade and Industry (Norway)
The Royal Norwegian Ministry of Trade and Industry (Norwegian: Nærings- og handelsdepartementet) was a Norwegian ministry responsible for business, trade and industry.

It was first created in 1916, as the Ministry of Trade (Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Trade, Shipping and Industry). It took its final name in 1997. The department must report to the legislature, Storting.

On 1 January 2014, the ministry was dissolved and the minister portfolio was incorporated into the new Ministry of Trade, Industry and Fisheries.
Active Platform
The Active Platform was the name of a development platform released by Microsoft in the 90s for creating web applications and delivering them to a PC desktop environment. The platform consisted of three parts: ActiveDesktop, which would use push technology to deliver the web applications to the desktop; ActiveServer, which would provide server side scripting; and ActiveX, a set of technologies created to allow software components on different machines to communicate with each other using COM and OLE.

Push technology
Push technology, also known as server push, is a communication method where the communication is initiated by a server rather than a client. This approach is different from the "pull" method where the communication is initiated by a client.

In push technology, clients can express their preferences for certain types of information or data, typically through a process known as the publish–subscribe model. In this model, a client "subscribes" to specific information channels hosted by a server. When new content becomes available on these channels, the server automatically sends, or "pushes," this information to the subscribed client.

Under certain conditions, such as restrictive security policies that block incoming HTTP requests, push technology is sometimes simulated using a technique called polling. In these cases, the client periodically checks with the server to see if new information is available, rather than receiving automatic updates.
BioMOBY
BioMOBY is a registry of web services used in bioinformatics. It allows interoperability between biological data hosts and analytical services by annotating services with terms taken from standard ontologies. BioMOBY is released under the Artistic License.

Artistic License
The Artistic License is an open-source license used for certain free and open-source software packages, most notably the standard implementation of the Perl programming language and most CPAN modules, which are dual-licensed under the Artistic License and the GNU General Public License (GPL).