hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Swizzling (computer graphics)
In computer graphics, swizzles are a class of operations that transform vectors by rearranging components. Swizzles can also project from a vector of one dimensionality to a vector of another dimensionality, such as taking a three-dimensional vector and creating a two-dimensional or five-dimensional vector using components from the original vector. For example, if A = {1,2,3,4}, where the components are x, y, z, and w respectively, one could compute B = A.wwxy, whereupon B would equal {4,4,1,2}. Additionally, one could create a two-dimensional vector with A.wx or a five-dimensional vector with A.xyzwx. Combining vectors and swizzling can be employed in various ways. This is common in GPGPU applications.

In terms of linear algebra, this is equivalent to multiplying by a matrix whose rows are standard basis vectors. If , then swizzling  as above looks like

Basis (linear algebra)
In mathematics, a set B of elements of  a vector space V is called a basis (pl.: bases) if every element of V can be written in a unique way as a finite linear combination of elements of B. The coefficients of this linear combination are referred to as components or coordinates of the vector with respect to B. The elements of a basis are called basis vectors.

Equivalently, a set B is a basis if its elements are linearly independent and every element of V is a linear combination of elements of B. In other words, a basis is a linearly independent spanning set.

A vector space can have several bases; however all the bases have the same number of elements, called the dimension of the vector space.

This article deals mainly with finite-dimensional vector spaces. However, many of the principles are also valid for infinite-dimensional vector spaces.

Basis vectors find applications in the study of crystal structures and frames of reference.
Purnesh Modi
Purnesh Modi (born Purnesh Bhootwala) is an MLA from Gujarat Legislative Assembly. He won the by-election for the 13th Legislative Assembly in Gujarat, which was facilitated following the death of the then MLA Kishor Vankawala. He lives in Adajan Area, Surat along with his family.

2012 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election
The 2012 Gujarat Legislative Assembly elections were held in the Indian state of Gujarat in December 2012 for all 182 members of the Gujarat Legislative Assembly. Incumbent Chief Minister Narendra Modi of Bharatiya Janta Party (BJP), in power since 2002, was running for his fourth term. The leader of the opposition was Shaktisinh Gohil of the Indian National Congress (INC).

Elections were held in two phases, the first on 13 December and the second on 17 December 2012. Total voting turnout of both phases was 71.32%, highest since 1980. Results were declared on 20 December 2012.

The BJP, led by Narendra Modi, won 115 seats out of total 182 seats and formed the government while INC won 61 seats. BJP has been in the power in Gujarat since 1995.
Pitt (East Indiaman)
Two vessels with the name Pitt, after Pitt the Elder, have served as East Indiamen for the East India Company (EIC).

Pondichéry, was the former French East Indiaman Pondichéry, which the British captured in 1757. Private owners purchased her and renamed her Pitt. She then made three voyages for the EIC, the first, under Captain William Wilson, resulting in the mapping of Pitt's Passage, and Pitt Strait. She disappears from records after her third voyage.

Pitt, launched in 1780 as Fortitude, was captured and recaptured on her maiden voyage. She later made five voyages for the EIC between 1786 and 1798; during this time she also made one voyage transporting convicts from Britain to Port Jackson, New South Wales. She was sold in 1798 and broken up in 1801.

Convict
A convict is "a person found guilty of a crime and sentenced by a court" or "a person serving a sentence in prison". Convicts are often also known as "prisoners" or "inmates" or by the slang term "con", while a common label for former convicts, especially those recently released from prison, is "ex-con" ("ex-convict"). Persons convicted and sentenced to non-custodial sentences tend not to be described as "convicts".

The label of "ex-convict" usually has lifelong implications, such as social stigma or reduced opportunities for employment. The federal government of Australia, for instance, will not, in general, employ an ex-convict, while some state and territory governments may limit the time for or before which a former convict may be employed.
Monkey Hill railway station
Monkey Hill is a railway station on the Bhor Ghat in Maharashtra, India. It serves as technical halt at which trains stop to check brakes. Almost all trains traveling from Khandala to Palasdari stop at Monkey Hill. Formerly, a reversing station was located between Monkey Hill and Khandala. The remains of the reversing station can be seen near the Amrutanjan Bridge on the old Mumbai–Pune road (Mumbai–Chennai National Highway NH48).

Some of the trains halting at Monkey Hill are:

11008 Deccan Express

11010 Sinhagad Express

11020 Konark Express

11024 Sahyadri Express (Formal Poona Mail)

11030 Koyna Express

11302 Udyan Express

17412 Mahalaxmi Express

12124 Deccan Queen

12126 Pragati Express

12128 Mumbai–Pune Intercity Express

12702 Hussainsagar Express

17032 Hyderabad Mumbai Express

16382 Kanyakumari–Mumbai Express

22106 Indrayani Express

Mumbai–Pune Mail
Mumbai–Pune Mail (started as Bombay–Poona Mail) or Poona Mail was a luxurious train on Mumbai–Pune section by the Great Indian Peninsula Railway. It was the first intercity train started between Mumbai and Pune. This train and the famous Deccan Queen Express used to serve Mumbai Pune commuters for many years. Started as Mail in 1863, it was 303 Poona Mail in 1964. Got extension to Miraj past GC as 303 Bombay Mail in 1971 & become 303 Mahalaxmi Express during 1974 with final extension to Kolhapur.
During Poona–Bangalore MG era, this connects 902 MG Poona Mail (Poona–Bangalore till 1971), 304 MG Bombay Mail (Miraj–Bangalore 1971–1974) & 304 MG Mahalaxmi Express (Miraj–Bangalore 1974 onwards till Miraj–Bangalore GC)  by Section Carriage Interchanged at Poona & later at Miraj.
Vector autoregression
Vector autoregression (VAR) is a statistical model used to capture the relationship between multiple quantities as they change over time. VAR is a type of stochastic process model. VAR models generalize the single-variable (univariate) autoregressive model by allowing for multivariate time series. VAR models are often used in economics and the natural sciences.

Like the autoregressive model, each variable has an equation modelling its evolution over time. This equation includes the variable's lagged (past) values, the lagged values of the other variables in the model, and an error term. VAR models do not require as much knowledge about the forces influencing a variable as do structural models with simultaneous equations. The only prior knowledge required is a list of variables which can be hypothesized to affect each other over time.

Identity matrix
In linear algebra, the identity matrix of size  is the  square matrix with ones on the main diagonal and zeros elsewhere. It has unique properties, for example when the identity matrix represents a geometric transformation, the object remains unchanged by the transformation. In other contexts, it is analogous to multiplying by the number 1.
Samuela Drudru
Samuela Drudru (born 30 April 1989) is a Fijian footballer who plays as a forward for Suva. He made his debut for the national team in August 2015 in their 5–0 victory against Tonga.

In 2017, Drudru started playing for Lautoka in the Fiji Premier League.

Lautoka F.C.
Lautoka Football Association, also known as Lautoka FC, is a Fijian professional football club based in Lautoka that competes in the Fiji Premier League, the top flight of Fijian football. Their home stadium is Churchill Park. The club was formed in 1934.
Deaths in August 2013
The following is a list of notable deaths in August 2013.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

Name, age, country of citizenship and reason for notability, established cause of death, reference.

Ice hockey at the 1972 Winter Olympics
The men's ice hockey tournament at the 1972 Winter Olympics in Sapporo, Japan, was the 12th Olympic Championship. Games were held at the Makomanai Ice Arena and at the Tsukisamu Indoor Skating Rink. The Soviet Union won its fourth gold medal. The United States won the silver, while Czechoslovakia won the bronze. Canada did not send a team to the event for the first time since ice hockey was first introduced to the Olympics in 1920, instead competing with and defeating the Soviets in a competition later that year known as the Summit Series. Canada would not send a men's hockey team to the Olympics until 1980.
Ranga Ranga Vaibhavanga
Ranga Ranga Vaibhavanga (transl. In all glory) is a 2022 Indian Telugu-language romantic drama film written and directed by Gireeshaaya. The film is produced by B. V. S. N. Prasad under the banner Sri Venkateswara Cine Chitra. The film featured Panja Vaisshnav Tej, Ketika Sharma and  Naveen Chandra in the lead roles with the music composed by Devi Sri Prasad. The film opened to negative reviews criticizing the lackluster and cliche story. The film ended up a box-office failure, the second in a row for Vaisshnav Tej.

Sri Venkateswara Cine Chitra
Sri Venkateswara Cine Chitra  is an Indian motion picture production, and distribution established by B. V. S. N. Prasad, an Indian film producer. The company was founded in the year 2003 and is based in Hyderabad and had produced several successful Telugu films. In 2012, the production company announced a partnership with Reliance Entertainment. The first film in partnership with Reliance, Devudu Chesina Manushulu was released in August 2012. Designated partners of Sri Venkateswara Cine Chitra are Prasad and Bhogavalli Bapineedu.
Huehue Acamapichtli
Huehue Acamapichtli (Ācamāpichtli [aːkamaːˈpit͡ʃt͡ɬi] = "Handful of reeds", modern Nahuatl pronunciationⓘ) was a king (Nahuatl: tlatoani) of Culhuacán.

He was a son — and successor — of King Coxcoxtli and his wife.

History portal

Biography portal

His sister was Atotoztli I of Culhuacán — mother of tlatoani of Tenochtitlan, named also Acamapichtli.

Diego Durán, Fernando Alvarado Tezozómoc and Fernando de Alva Cortés Ixtlilxochitl mentioned that Huehue Acamapichtli occupied the throne of Culhuacán in 1324.

Tenochtitlan
Tenochtitlan, also known as Mexico-Tenochtitlan, was a large Mexican altepetl in what is now the historic center of Mexico City. The exact date of the founding of the city is unclear, but the date 13 March 1325 was chosen in 1925 to celebrate the 600th anniversary of the city. The city was built on an island in what was then Lake Texcoco in the Valley of Mexico. The city was the capital of the expanding Aztec Empire in the 15th century until it was captured by the Tlaxcaltec and the Spanish in 1521.

At its peak, it was the largest city in the pre-Columbian Americas. It subsequently became a cabecera of the Viceroyalty of New Spain.  Today, the ruins of Tenochtitlan are in the historic center of the Mexican capital. The World Heritage Site of Xochimilco contains what remains of the geography (water, boats, floating gardens) of the Mexica capital.

Tenochtitlan was one of two Mexica āltepētl (city-states or polities) on the island, the other being Tlatelolco.
Joey Terdoslavich
Joseph Thomas Terdoslavich (born September 9, 1988) is an American former professional baseball left fielder and first baseman. He has previously played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Atlanta Braves.

Lancaster Stormers
The Lancaster Stormers (formerly known as the Lancaster Barnstormers) are an American professional baseball team based in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. They are members of the North Division of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball, a "partner league" of Major League Baseball. Since 2005, the team has played its home games at Penn Medicine Park in the city's Northwest Corridor, following the stadium's completion.
Jinyu (given name)
Jinyu is a transliteration of multiple Chinese given names. Notable people with these names include:

Han JinYu (born 1979), Chinese painter

Li Jinyu (born 1977), Chinese footballer and coach

Jinyu Liu (born 1972), Chinese classicist

Zhong Jinyu (born 1983), Chinese footballer

Zhong Jinyu
Zhong Jinyu (simplified Chinese: 钟金玉; traditional Chinese: 鐘金玉; pinyin: Zhōng Jīnyù; born April 5, 1983, in Wuhua, Guangdong) is a female Chinese football (soccer) player who competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics.

In 2004, she was a squad member of the Chinese team which finished ninth in the women's tournament.
George Lowe (cricketer, born 1878)
George Emmanuel Lowe (12 January 1878 – 15 August 1932) was an English first-class cricketer, who played in one match for Yorkshire County Cricket Club in 1902.

Born in Guisborough, Yorkshire, England, Lowe was a wicket-keeper, who scored five not out in his only first-class innings. He also took one catch in his debut and only game.

Lowe (who was registered at birth as George Emmanuel Low), died in August 1932 in Middlesbrough, Yorkshire, aged 54.

Middlesbrough
Middlesbrough (/ˈmɪdəlzbrə/ ⓘ MID-əlz-brə), colloquially known as Boro, is a port town in the Borough of Middlesbrough, North Yorkshire, England. Lying to the south of the River Tees, it forms part of the Teesside built-up area and the Tees Valley. In 2021, it had a population of 148,215.
Kyōiku kanji
The kyōiku kanji (教育漢字; literally "education kanji") are kanji which Japanese elementary school students should learn from first through sixth grade. Also known as gakushū kanji (学習漢字; literally "learning kanji"), these kanji are listed on the Gakunenbetsu kanji haitō hyō (学年別漢字配当表(ja); literally "table of kanji by school year"). The table is developed and maintained by the Japanese Ministry of Education (MEXT). Although the list is designed for Japanese students, it can also be used as a sequence of learning characters by non-native speakers as a means of focusing on the most commonly used kanji.

Kyōiku kanji are a subset (1,026) of the 2,136 characters of jōyō kanji.

Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (文部科学省, Monbu-kagaku-shō; lit. 'Ministry of Letters and Science'; MEXT) is one of the eleven ministries of Japan that compose part of the executive branch of the government of Japan.
Amadeus Wolf
Amadeus Wolf (28 January 2003 – 2017) is a British Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. He had his greatest success as a two-year-old in 2005 when he won three of his five races including the Gimcrack Stakes and the Middle Park Stakes. He failed to win in the following year but ran well in several major sprint races, finishing second in the Nunthorpe Stakes and third in both the Prix Maurice de Gheest and the Haydock Sprint Cup. He recorded his last important success when taking the Duke of York Stakes in 2007 and was retired at the end of the year. He has since stood as a breeding stallion in Ireland and France.

Gimcrack Stakes
The Gimcrack Stakes is a Group 2 flat horse race in Great Britain open to two-year-old colts and geldings. It is run at York over a distance of 6 furlongs (1,207 metres) and is scheduled to take place each year in August.

Entry into this "prestigious" race is often indicative of confidence in a horse's ability and potential.
HMS Guerrière
Two ships of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Guerriere, French for "warrior".

The first HMS Guerriere was a 74-gun third-rate ship of the line, originally the French ship Peuple Souverain, captured on 2 July 1798 at the Battle of the Nile. She was used as a sheer hulk from 1800 and broken up in 1810.

The second HMS Guerriere (1806) was a 38-gun fifth-rate frigate, originally French, captured in 1806 by HMS Blanche off the Faroe Islands. In the War of 1812 she was captured by the American frigate USS Constitution after a battle on 19 August 1812 and burned.

Hulk (ship type)
A hulk is a ship that is afloat, but incapable of going to sea. 'Hulk' may be used to describe a ship that has been launched but not completed, an abandoned wreck or shell, or a ship whose propulsion system is no longer maintained or has been removed altogether. The word hulk also may be used as a verb: a ship is "hulked" to convert it to a hulk. The verb was also applied to crews of Royal Navy ships in dock, who were sent to the receiving ship for accommodation, or "hulked". Hulks have a variety of uses such as housing, prisons, salvage pontoons, gambling sites, naval training, or cargo storage.

In the age of sail, many hulls served longer as hulks than they did as functional ships. Wooden ships were often hulked when the hull structure became too old and weak to withstand the stresses of sailing.

More recently, ships have been hulked when they become obsolete or when they become uneconomical to operate.
Jilin Yuwen High School
Jilin Yuwen High School (Chinese: 吉林毓文中学; pinyin: Jílín Yùwén Zhōngxué), also known as Yuwen Middle School, is a high school in the Chinese city of Jilin City, Jilin Province. The school is situated next to the Songhua River. The school was center of left-wing political thought during the 1920s.

Among prominent alumni is Kim Il Sung, the first leader of North Korea. There is a museum, a schoolroom memorial and a statue dedicated to him at the school. There is also a slogan proclaiming Sino-Korean friendship on the roof.

Songhua River
The Songhua or Sunghwa River (also Haixi or Xingal, Russian: Сунгари, romanized: Sungari) is one of the primary rivers of China, and the longest tributary of the Amur. It flows about 1,897 km (1,179 mi) from Changbai Mountains on the China–North Korea border through China's northeastern Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces.

The river drains 557,180 km2 (215,130 sq mi) of land, and has an annual discharge of 76.2 km3/a (2,410 m3/s) to 81.77 km3/a (2,591 m3/s).

The extreme flatness of the Northeast China Plain has caused the river to meander over time, filling the wide plain with oxbow lakes, as remnants of the previous paths of the river.
Billy Andrade
William Thomas Andrade (born January 25, 1964) is an American professional golfer who currently plays on the PGA Champions Tour. He was previously a member of the PGA Tour, where he was a four-time winner.

Shriners Children's Open
The Shriners Children's Open was a golf tournament on the PGA Tour in Nevada.  Founded 42 years ago in 1983, it was played annually in October in Las Vegas. It was held at the TPC Summerlin, west of central Las Vegas at an approximate average elevation of 2,700 feet (820 m) above sea level.
Love Duets (Stephen Costello and Ailyn Perez album)
Love Duets is a 2014 classical and crossover album that features the American opera singers Stephen Costello (tenor) and Ailyn Pérez (soprano). Released on Warner Classics, the BBC Symphony Orchestra and conductor Patrick Summers accompany Costello and Perez, who were married at the time of the album.

Warner Classics
Warner Classics is the classical music arm of Warner Music Group. The label began issuing new recordings under the Warner Classics banner in 1991. The company also includes the Erato Records and Teldec Records labels. Based in France, Warner Classics also distributes the Elektra Nonesuch, Finlandia, Lontano, NVC Arts, Warner Apex, Warner Elatus and Warner Fonit labels.
Deadlock (1970 film)
Deadlock is a 1970 West German neo-Western film directed by Roland Klick. It is perhaps best known for the soundtrack supplied by the German rock band Can. The songs Can wrote for this film appear on their 1970 album, Soundtracks. Today Deadlock is considered a cult classic.

Can (band)
Can (stylized in all caps) were a German experimental rock band formed in Cologne in 1968 by Holger Czukay (bass, tape editing), Irmin Schmidt (keyboards), Michael Karoli (guitar), and Jaki Liebezeit (drums). They featured several vocalists, including American Malcolm Mooney (1968–70) and Japanese Damo Suzuki (1970–73). They have been hailed as pioneers of the German krautrock scene.

The founding members of Can came from backgrounds in avant-garde music and jazz. They blended elements of psychedelic rock, space rock, funk, samba and musique concrète on influential albums such as Tago Mago (1971), Ege Bamyasi (1972) and Future Days (1973). Can also had commercial success with singles such as "Spoon" (1971) and "I Want More" (1976) reaching national singles charts. Their work has influenced rock, post-punk, indie rock, post-rock and ambient acts.
Novi Township, Michigan
Novi Township is a civil township of Oakland County in the U.S. state of Michigan.  At the 2020 census, the township had a population of 160. Of the original 36-square-mile (93 km2) survey township, only a small portion of 0.11 square miles (0.28 km2) remains unincorporated from the surrounding city of Novi.  Novi Township is the smallest township in the state by total land area and the third-smallest municipality after the villages of Ahmeek and Copper City.

The township consists solely of the Brookland Farms #1 subdivision and is served by the Northville 48167 ZIP Code.  Students within Novi Township attend Northville Public Schools.

Survey township
A survey township, sometimes called a Congressional township or just township, as used by the United States Public Land Survey System and by Canada's Dominion Land Survey is a nominally-square area of land that is nominally six survey miles (about 9.66 km) on a side. Each 36-square-mile (about 93.2 km2) township is divided into 36 sections of one square mile (640 acres, roughly 2.6 km2) each. The sections can be further subdivided for sale.

The townships are referenced by a numbering system that locates the township in relation to a principal meridian (north-south) and a base line (east-west). For example, Township 2 North, Range 4 East is the 4th township east of the principal meridian and the 2nd township north of the base line.
Charles Knapp
Charles Knapp is the name of:

Charles Knapp (cricketer) (1845-1927), New Zealand cricketer

Charles Knapp (scholar) (1868–1936), classical American scholar

Charles Knapp (congressman) (1797–1880), member of the United States House of Representatives from New York

Charles J. Knapp (1845–1916), his son, member of the United States House of Representatives from New York

Charles Boynton Knapp (born 1946), president of the University of Georgia

Charles L. Knapp (1847–1929), member of the United States House of Representatives from New York

Charles Knapp (geographer) (1855-1921), French teacher and founder of the Neuchâtel geographical society.

Charles Knapp (cricketer)
Charles Arthur Knapp (27 November 1845 – 9 September 1927) was a New Zealand sportsman. He played in nine first-class cricket matches for Wellington from 1873 to 1885, and was prominent in many other sports.
Telowie, South Australia
Telowie is a locality in the Australian state of South Australia located about 213 kilometres (132 mi) north of the state capital of Adelaide and about 28 kilometres (17 mi) south-west of the municipal seat of Melrose.

It spans Telowie Gorge and the former Telowie Gorge Conservation Park (now part of Wapma Thura–Southern Flinders Ranges National Park).

The 2016 Australian census which was conducted in August 2016 reports that Telowie had a population of 95 people.

Telowie is located within the federal division of Grey, the state electoral district of Stuart and the local government area of the District Council of Mount Remarkable.

Wapma Thura–Southern Flinders Ranges National Park
Wapma Thura–Southern Flinders Ranges National Park is a protected area in the southern Flinders Ranges in South Australia, proclaimed on 25 November 2021. The area comprises several former conservation parks.