hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Portrait of Caracalla
The best known portrait of Caracalla is that held at the Vatican Museums and of which several copies are known.

Judging by the large number of copies and comparison with medieval copies, the type was first created on his assuming full responsibility for the empire after his murder of Geta in 212. He is shown with an unusual twist in the neck towards the left and an accentuation of psychological character, inspired by Hellenistic prototypes but with added Roman feeling. The bust on which the head rests is 18th-century, but probably similar to the original.

It inspired Michelangelo in his portrait of Brutus at the Bargello museum in Florence.

Hellenistic portraiture
Hellenistic portraiture was one of the most innovative features of Hellenistic art. Spurred on by an increased interest in realism, Hellenistic sculptors sought to produce true-to-life portraits defined by the individualism of their subjects. Emergent at this time is a focus on a range of states of mind such as inebriation and concentration, as well as physical characteristics like senescence and anatomical abnormality - in great contrast with the idealised forms of the Classical period
The Critic as Artist
"The Critic as Artist" is an essay by Oscar Wilde, containing the most extensive statements of his aesthetic philosophy. A dialogue in two parts, it is by far the longest one included in his collection of essays titled Intentions published on 1 May 1891. "The Critic as Artist" is a significantly revised version of articles that first appeared in the July and September 1890 issues of The Nineteenth Century, originally entitled "The True Function and Value of Criticism." The essay is a conversation between its leading voice Gilbert and Ernest, who suggests ideas for Gilbert to reject.

The Nineteenth Century (periodical)
The Nineteenth Century was a British monthly literary magazine founded in 1877 by James Knowles. It is regarded by historians as 'one of the most important and distinguished monthlies of serious thought in the last quarter of the nineteenth century'.
USS PC-1640
40°43′24″N 29°50′07″E﻿ / ﻿40.7233512°N 29.8351845°E﻿ / 40.7233512; 29.8351845

USS PC-1640 was an PC-1638-class submarine chaser in the United States Navy during the Cold War. She was transferred to the Turkish Navy as TCG Yarhisar (P 113) of the Hisar-class patrol boat.

Submarine chaser
A submarine chaser or subchaser is a type of small naval vessel that is specifically intended for anti-submarine warfare. They encompass designs that are now largely obsolete, but which played an important role in the wars of the first half of the 20th century. Many of the American submarine chasers used in World War I found their way to Allied nations by way of Lend-Lease in World War II.
Jack Brizendine
Jack David Brizendine (January 8, 1944 – November 30, 2015) was an American horseman and professional trainer of American Quarter Horses, most notable for having earned 7 world champion titles in 3 different breed associations, and also for having trained or sold 22 world champions.  A member of the American Quarter Horse Association, Brizendine began his horse show career competing in stock horse competitions and arena performance events including working cow horse, reining, western riding and western pleasure.  He trained horses on his ranch in Lincoln, California.

Lincoln, California
Lincoln is a city in Placer County, California, United States, part of the Sacramento metropolitan area. Located 10 miles (16 km) north of Roseville in an area of rapid suburban development, it grew 282 percent between 2000 and 2010, making it the fastest-growing city over 10,000 people in the U.S. Its population was 49,757 at the 2020 census.

Lincoln is part of the Sacramento-Roseville Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Sanford Barsky
Sanford H. Barsky is an American professor of pathology and a writer of more than 150 peer reviewed articles.

Barsky obtained his medical degree through University of Pittsburgh and completed pathology training at Harvard Medical School. He completed fellowships at the National Cancer Institute and the National Institutes of Health. He was chief of pathology services at the Ohio State University College of Medicine before joining the University of Nevada School of Medicine in 2009. By 2007, he became a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine
The University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine is an academic division of the University of Nevada, Reno and grants the Doctor of Medicine (MD) degree. The School of Medicine was founded on March 25, 1969, as the first medical school in the state of Nevada. More than 2,600 MDs have graduated from the School of Medicine. The pre-clinical campus is located in Reno, but the third and fourth years can be spent in hospitals and clinics throughout Nevada. Residencies associated with the School of Medicine are located in Reno. Students may earn the MD-MPH, MD-MBA or MD–PhD degrees as well.
Julius Jacobson
Julius Jacobson (1922 – March 8, 2003) was an American socialist writer and editor who edited Anvil, New International, and New Politics, all publications in the Third Camp tradition of socialism, a democratic Marxist tradition sometimes called "Shachtmanite" after its significant theorist, Max Shachtman.

Third camp
The third camp, also known as third camp socialism or third camp Trotskyism, is a branch of socialism that aims to oppose both capitalism and Stalinism by supporting the organised working class as a "third camp".

The term arose early during World War II and refers to the idea of two "imperialist camps" competing to dominate the world: one led by the United Kingdom and France and supported by the United States, and the other led by Nazi Germany and Japan and supported by Fascist Italy. It did have a predecessor in the Trotskyist opposition to the Stalin-led Soviet Union, however.
Alexis Bonnet
Alexis Bonnet is a French mathematician and investor. For his research on partial differential equations he was awarded the 1996 EMS Prize. He earned his doctorate from Pierre and Marie Curie University in 1992, under supervision of Henri Berestycki.

Bonnet subsequently joined Goldman Sachs, and was one of the founders of the management company, Methodology Asset Management, in 2005.

Investor
An investor is a person or entity that allocates financial capital with the expectation of a future return (profit) or to gain an advantage (interest). Through this allocated capital the investor usually purchases some species of property. Types of investments include equity, debt, securities, real estate, infrastructure, currency, commodity, token, derivatives such as put and call options, futures, forwards, etc. This definition makes no distinction between the investors in the primary and secondary markets.  That is, someone who provides a business with capital and someone who buys a stock are both investors.  An investor who owns stock is a shareholder.
Yank Levy
Bert "Yank" Levy (October 5, 1897 – September 2, 1965) was a Canadian soldier, socialist, and military instructor who was the author/pamphleteer of one of the first manuals on guerrilla warfare, which was widely circulated with more than a half million published. During his career, Yank served with irregular forces in several parts of the world throughout the 1920s and 1930s, most notably in the Spanish Civil War, and was a significant figure at the Osterley Park training school for the British Home Guard during World War II. Similar combat training was provided to forces in the United States and Canada, and he was an itinerant lecturer and provocateur on the subject.

Royal Fusiliers
The Royal Fusiliers (City of London Regiment) was a line infantry regiment of the British Army in continuous existence for 283 years. It was known as the 7th Regiment of Foot until the Childers Reforms of 1881.

The regiment served in many wars and conflicts throughout its long existence, including the Second Boer War, the First World War and the Second World War. In 1968, the regiment was amalgamated with the other regiments of the Fusilier Brigade – the Royal Northumberland Fusiliers, the Royal Warwickshire Fusiliers and the Lancashire Fusiliers – to form a new large regiment, the Royal Regiment of Fusiliers.

The Royal Fusiliers War Memorial, a monument dedicated to the almost 22,000 Royal Fusiliers who died during the First World War, stands on Holborn in the City of London.
Hindaun Block
Hindaun is a block in Karauli district of the Indian state of Rajasthan in Northern India. It is a subdivisional headquarter. Its population is approximately 442,000. The block covers an area of 700 Square kilometres, which makes it the biggest block in Karauli. The subdistrict code of Hindaun is 00522. There are about 165 villages in Hindaun Block.

Community development block
In India, a community development block (CD block) or simply a block is a sub-division of a district, administratively earmarked for planning and development. In tribal areas, similar sub-divisions are called tribal development blocks (TD blocks). The area is administered by a block development officer (BDO), supported by several technical specialists and village-level workers. A community development block covers several gram panchayats, the local administrative units at the village level. A block is a rural subdivision and typically smaller than a tehsil. A tehsil is purely for revenue administration, whereas a block is for rural development purposes. In most states, a block is coterminous with the panchayat samiti area.
Edwin Baker (CNIB)
Edwin Albert Baker, CC OBE MC (January 9, 1893 – April 7, 1968) was a Canadian co-founder of the Canadian National Institute for the Blind (CNIB).

Born in Collins Bay, Ontario, he graduated with a Bachelor of Science in electrical engineering from Queen's University in 1914 and later that year enlisted with the Sixth Field Company, Canadian Engineers. In 1915, he was wounded in France, losing his sight in both eyes.

In 1918, he and six others founded the CNIB. He served as first Vice-President from 1918 to 1920 and Managing Director & General Secretary from 1920 until his retirement in 1962.

He married Jessie Robinson. They had three sons and a daughter. Robert Baker, guitarist in Canadian rock band The Tragically Hip, is his grandson.

Collins Bay, Ontario
Collins Bay is a bay and natural harbour, as well as a community, within the western part of the municipality of Kingston, Ontario, Canada. Collins Bay was at one time a small village, but it became absorbed by the city of Kingston. Now Collins Bay consists mostly of residential subdivisions (Highgate Park, Lawrence Park, Ridgewood Estates), a large conservation area (Lemoine Point), Kingston Norman Rogers Airport, and areas of agricultural land. The Collins Bay marina is situated on the bay itself. To the east is a large federal penitentiary, Collins Bay Institution.

Collins Bay was named after the original surveyor of the region, John Collins.

As of the 2011 census, the population in the residential subdivisions is middle class (average income ~100000), mostly married couples or families (mostly 2-4 persons) owning a single-detached house.
Minolops pulcherrima
Minolops pulcherrima is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Solariellidae.

Subspecies

Minolops pulcherrima emendata (Iredale, 1924) (syn. Minolops emendata)

Minolops pulcherrima pulcherrima (Angas, 1869)

Solariellidae
Solariellidae is a family of small sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Trochoidea (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).

This family has no subfamilies.

This family consists of extremely diverse species and needs taxonomic revision. The relationship between genera are often uncertain. Many species remain undescribed or have been recently described.
Abbie Watts
Abbie Watts (born 16 May 1997) is an Australian individual trampoline gymnast, representing her nation at international competitions. Watts placed 6th at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics. She competed at world championships, including at the 2015 Trampoline World Championships.

Trampolining
Trampolining or trampoline gymnastics is a competitive Olympic sport in which athletes perform acrobatics while bouncing on a trampoline. In competition, these can include simple jumps in the straight, pike, tuck, or straddle position to more complex combinations of forward and/or backward somersaults and twists. Scoring is based on the difficulty and on the total seconds spent in the air; points are deducted for bad form and horizontal displacement from the center of the bed.

Outside of the Olympics, competitions are referred to as gym sport, trampoline gymnastics, or gymnastics, which includes the events of trampoline, synchronised trampoline, double mini trampoline and tumbling.
Outline of North Macedonia
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to North Macedonia:

North Macedonia is a landlocked sovereign country located on the Balkan Peninsula in Southern Europe. North Macedonia is bordered by Serbia and Kosovo to the north, Albania to the west, Greece to the south, and Bulgaria to the east.

North Macedonia forms approximately 35.8% of the land and 40.9% of the population of the wider geographical region of Macedonia, as it was defined in the late 19th century. The capital is Skopje, with 506,926 inhabitants according to a 2002 census, and there are a number of smaller cities, notably Bitola, Kumanovo, Prilep, Tetovo, Ohrid, Veles, Štip, Kočani, Gostivar and Strumica. It has more than 50 natural and artificial lakes and sixteen mountains higher than 2,000 meters (6,550 ft).

Prilep
Prilep (Macedonian: Прилеп [ˈpriːlɛp] ⓘ) is the fourth-largest city in North Macedonia, after Skopje, Kumanovo, and Bitola. According to the 2021 census, it had a population of 63,308, while its broader municipal area has 79,834 inhabitants in total.
Nick Prevost House
The Nick Prevost House was a residence in Anderson, South Carolina. Built in 1877 by Nick Prevost, a local entrepreneur, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984, but was taken off the list in 2005 after it was demolished. The house is described as an early example of Neoclassical Revival architecture. The design was based on a house exhibited at the 1876 Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia. The one-story three bay wood-frame house had simulated wood quoins at the corners and an arcaded porch across the front.  The porch featured segmental arches on Doric columns. The roof was flat, with a balustrade matching that on the porch.

Anderson, South Carolina
Anderson is a city in and the county seat of Anderson County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 28,106 at the 2020 census, making it the 16th-most populous city in South Carolina. It is one of the principal cities in the Greenville-Anderson-Greer, SC Metropolitan Statistical Area, which had an estimated population of 975,480 in 2023. It is included in the larger Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson, SC Combined Statistical Area, which had an estimated population of 1,590,636 in 2023.

It is just off Interstate 85 and is 120 miles (190 km) from Atlanta and 140 miles (230 km) from Charlotte. Anderson is the smallest of the three primary cities that make up the Upstate region, and is nicknamed the "Electric City" and the "Friendliest City in South Carolina". A 38-foot tall Confederate Memorial currently resides prominently in the center of downtown Anderson.
ESOFT Metro Campus
ESOFT Metro Campus (previously known as ESOFT Computer Studies) is a private sector educational institute or college located in Colombo, Sri Lanka. It offers academic and professional qualifications in Computing, Business & Management, Engineering, Hospitality and English. Established in the year 2000, the company today has 40 branches nationwide.  It is headed by Dr. Dayan Rajapakse.

Hospitality
Hospitality is the relationship of a host towards a guest, wherein the host receives the guest with some amount of goodwill and welcome. This includes the reception and entertainment of guests, visitors, or strangers. Louis, chevalier de Jaucourt describes hospitality in the Encyclopédie as the virtue of a great soul that cares for the whole universe through the ties of humanity. Hospitality is also the way people treat others, for example in the service of welcoming and receiving guests in hotels. Hospitality plays a role in augmenting or decreasing the volume of sales of an organization.

Hospitality ethics is a discipline that studies this usage of hospitality.
Jones Nash
Jones Gifford Nash (22 January 1812 – 19 April 1877) was an English first-class cricketer.

Nash made his debut in first-class cricket for the Gentlemen of England against the Gentlemen of Kent at Canterbury in 1847. He made five further first-class appearances for the Gentlemen of England from 1848 to 1853, all against the Gentlemen of Kent. Playing as a slow underarm bowler, Nash took 34 wickets at an average of 17.50. He took five wickets in an innings on two occasions and took ten wickets in a match once. By profession he was a brewer, wine and spirits merchant and was a partner in the business Hawkes, Nash, and Co. He died at Kentish Town in April 1877.

History of English amateur cricket
Cricket, and hence English amateur cricket, probably began in England during the medieval period but the earliest known reference concerns the game being played c.1550 by children on a plot of land at the Royal Grammar School, Guildford, Surrey. It is generally believed that cricket was originally a children's game as it is not until the beginning of the 17th century that reports can be found of adult participation.

Originally, all cricketers were amateurs in the literal sense of the word. Village cricket developed through the 17th century and teams typically comprised players who were all resident in the same village or parish. There is no evidence of professionalism before the English Civil War or during the Commonwealth but legal cases of the period have shown that cricket was played jointly by gentry and workers.
Marta of the Lowlands
Marta of the Lowlands is a 1914 American drama film directed by J. Searle Dawley and written by Àngel Guimerà. The film stars Bertha Kalich, Wellington A. Playter, Hal Clarendon, Frank Holland and Lillian Kalich. The film was released on October 5, 1914, by Paramount Pictures.

J. Searle Dawley
James Searle Dawley (October 4, 1877 – March 30, 1949) was an American film director, producer, screenwriter, stage actor, and playwright. Between 1907 and the mid-1920s, while working for Edison, Rex Motion Picture Company, Famous Players, Fox, and other studios, he directed more than 300 short films and 56 features, which include many of the early releases of stars such as Douglas Fairbanks, Mary Pickford, Pearl White, Marguerite Clark, Harold Lloyd, and John Barrymore. He also wrote scenarios for many of his productions, including one for his 1910 horror film Frankenstein, the earliest known screen adaptation of Mary Shelley's 1818 novel. While film direction and screenwriting comprised the bulk of Dawley's career, he also had earlier working experience in theater, performing on stage for more than a decade and managing every aspect of stagecraft. Dawley wrote at least 18 plays as well for repertory companies and for several Broadway productions.
Margaret Nichols (animator)
Margaret Nichols (c. 1930 – November 5, 2012) was an American animator and television director. Professionally, she was also known as Margaret Flores Nichols and Margaret Grewell.

She directed several animated television series, including The Transformers from 1985–86; four series in 1986 - The Glo Friends, MoonDreamers, Inhumanoids and Potato Head Kids; My Little Pony 'n Friends from 1986 to 1987; and the Fraggle Rock animated series in 1987.

Nichols was employed between 1955 until 1993 by such studios as Warner Bros., Walt Disney Animation Studios, UPA, Fleischer Studios, Snowball Animation, Ray Patin, TV Spots, Creston, Eagle, Hanna-Barbera, Marvel Productions, Universal Studios and Graz Entertainment. She served on the executive board of The Animation Guild, I.A.T.S.E. Local 839 (1980–85).

Fraggle Rock: The Animated Series
Jim Henson's Fraggle Rock (later marketed as Fraggle Rock: The Animated Series) is an American animated children's television series based on the original live-action version of the same name created by Jim Henson. NBC aired this spin-off program on Saturday mornings at 10:00 AM (later moved to 11:00 AM) for one season during 1987. It was later shown in reruns on Disney Channel from May 5, 1990 to June 1995.
Denzil Thompson
Denzil Thompson is a former international footballer and the current manager of the Guyana national football team.

He played as a goalkeeper. Thompson was involved in the 1982 FIFA World Cup qualification campaign for Guyana playing in two games against Suriname.

In August 2014, he was appointed as coach of the Guyana national football team. He took control of the national team for the 2014 Caribbean Cup qualification campaign.

2014 Caribbean Cup qualification
The 2014 Caribbean Cup qualification began in May 2014 and ended in October 2014. The qualification competition determined which national teams could play in the 2014 Caribbean Cup which in turn determined which teams participated in the 2015 CONCACAF Gold Cup and the 2016 Copa América Centenario.

In March 2014, it was announced that Jamaica would host the 'final stage' of the competition in Montego Bay.

In April 2014, the Caribbean Football Union announced the group stage draw.
John Joseph Fanning
John Joseph Fanning (27 April 1874 – 14 June 1931) was an Irish-Australian insurance manager, equestrian judge, horse trader, amateur jockey and civic leader. Well known in North Queensland’s pastoral and racing circles, he served 36 years with the National Mutual Life Association of Australasia (NMLA), rising from a clerk to Northern District Manager, and later a senior role in Brisbane. His equestrian career spanned ownership, judging, and trading across all horse classes - ponies, hacks, thoroughbreds, and draught horses - while his civic contributions shaped Townsville’s infrastructure and community life. Fanning’s legacy reflects the Irish diaspora’s resilience and his pivotal role in Queensland’s colonial development.

North Queensland
North Queensland or the Northern Region is the northern part of the Australian state of Queensland that lies just south of Far North Queensland. Queensland is a massive state, larger than many countries, and its tropical northern part has been historically remote and undeveloped, resulting in a distinctive regional character and identity.  The region is prone to floods and cyclones.

The region has a population of 231,628 and covers 80,041.5 km2 (30,904.2 sq mi).