hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nậm Hàng
Nậm Hàng is a commune (xã) of Lai Châu Province, Vietnam.

On 16 June 2025, the Standing Committee of the National Assembly promulgated a Resolution on the rearrangement of commune-level administrative units of Lai Châu Province in 2025. Accordingly, the entire natural area and population of Nậm Nhùn Township, Nậm Manh Commune, and Nậm Hàng Commune are rearranged to form a new commune named Nậm Hàng Commune.

Lai Châu province
Lai Châu (Vietnamese pronunciation: [lāi cʌ̄w] ⓘ) is a mountainous province in the Northwest region of Vietnam. Lai Châu was a semi-independent White Tai confederation known as Sip Song Chau Tai, was absorbed by France into French Indochina in the 1880s and became part of Vietnam following Vietnamese independence in 1954. It became part of the Northwest Autonomous Area of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam from 1955 to 1975, when Lai Châu province was formed. Điện Biên province was carved out of Lai Châu in 2004. The province covers an area of about 9,069 km2 (3,501 mi2) and as of 2022 it had a population of 482,100 people.
Variable seedeater
The variable seedeater (Sporophila corvina) is a passerine bird which breeds from southern Mexico through Central America to the Chocó of northwestern South America. The taxonomy is confusing, and it was formerly considered a subspecies of Sporophila americana (see Taxonomy). Even within the variable seedeater as presently defined, there are great variations in plumage.

Philip Sclater
Philip Lutley Sclater FRS FRGS FZS FLS (4 November 1829 – 27 June 1913) was an English lawyer and zoologist. In zoology, he was an expert ornithologist, and identified the main zoogeographic regions of the world. He was Secretary of the Zoological Society of London for 42 years, from 1860 to 1902.
Guardian Australia
Guardian Australia is the Australian website of the British global online and print newspaper, The Guardian.

Available solely in an online format, the newspaper's launch was led by Katharine Viner in time for the 2013 Australian federal election and followed the introduction of Guardian US in 2011. Guardian Australia is owned by Guardian Media Group, which is in turn owned by the Scott Trust, which aims to stay independent and free from 'commercial pressures'. The online publication relies on digital advertising and voluntary reader donations or subscriptions for revenue, eschewing enforced paywalls implemented by other news websites.

Guardian Australia's headquarters is based in the Sydney suburb of Surry Hills, with bureaux in Brisbane, Melbourne and Canberra. It employs more than 70 journalists, editors and other personnel As of 2020.

Paywall
A paywall is a method of restricting access to content, with a purchase or a paid subscription, especially news. Beginning in the mid-2010s, newspapers started implementing paywalls on their websites as a way to increase revenue after years of decline in paid print readership and advertising revenue, partly due to the use of ad blockers. In academics, research papers are often subject to a paywall and are available via academic libraries that subscribe.

Paywalls have also been used as a way of increasing the number of print subscribers; for example, some newspapers offer access to online content plus delivery of a Sunday print edition at a lower price than online access alone. Newspaper websites such as that of The Boston Globe and The New York Times use this tactic because it increases both their online revenue and their print circulation (which in turn provides more ad revenue).
Yann-Fañch Kemener
Yann-Fañch Loeiz Kemener (April 7, 1957 – March 16, 2019) was a traditional singer and ethnomusicologist from Brittany, born in Sainte-Tréphine, Côtes-d'Armor, France. Known in French as Jean-François Louis Quémener.

He took part in reviving Kan ha diskan (French: chant et contre-chant) in the 1970s and 1980s, especially with  Érik Marchand.  He  collected songs from the oral tradition in the Breton language.

He sang in numerous Festoù Noz.

Kemener died in Tréméven on March 16, 2019 at age 61.

Côtes-d'Armor
The Côtes-d'Armor (/koʊt dɑːrmər/ koht dar-mər, /-dɑːrmɔːr/ -⁠dar-mor; French pronunciation: [kot daʁmɔʁ] ⓘ; Breton: Aodoù-an-Arvor, [ˈoːdu ãn ˈarvor]), formerly known as Côtes-du-Nord until 1990 (Breton: Aodoù-an-Hanternoz, [ˈoːdu ãn ˌhãntɛrˈnoːs]), is a department in the north of Brittany, in northwestern France. In 2019, it had a population of 600,582.
2013–14 Ford Trophy
The 2013–14 Ford Trophy was the 43rd season of the official List A cricket tournament in New Zealand, and the third in a sponsorship deal between New Zealand Cricket and Ford Motor Company. The competition ran from 2 March 2014 to 5 April 2014. The tournament was won by the Wellington for the seventh time, after defeating Northern Districts in the final by four wickets.

Ford Trophy
The Ford Trophy is the main domestic List A limited overs cricket competition in New Zealand. Previous sponsor State Insurance did not renew naming rights in 2009, resulting in the competition being renamed the New Zealand Cricket one-day competition. The competition was renamed the Ford Trophy following a partnership between New Zealand Cricket and Ford Motor Company in 2011.
Assaults on Emergency Workers (Offences) Act 2018
The Assaults on Emergency Workers (Offences) Act 2018 (c. 23) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The act addresses policy issues related to attacks on emergency workers, especially government-employed officers, and defines specific offences on such workers. It was introduced to Parliament as a private member's bill by Chris Bryant. The act received royal assent on 13 November 2018.

Reading (legislature)
A reading of a bill is a stage of debate on the bill held by a general body of a legislature.

In the Westminster system, developed in the United Kingdom, there are generally three readings of a bill as it passes through the stages of becoming, or failing to become, legislation. Some of these readings may be formalities rather than actual debate. Legislative bodies in the United States also have readings.

The procedure dates back to the centuries before literacy was widespread. Since many members of Parliament were illiterate, the Clerk of Parliament would read aloud a bill to inform members of its contents. By the end of the 16th century, it was practice to have the bill read on three occasions before it was passed.
Union of Reform Partisans
The Union of Reform Partisans (French: Union des Partisans de la Réforme), (Arabic: اتحاد الإصلاح المحاربون) is a political party in Djibouti. It was formed in 2005 as an offshoot of the Front for the Restoration of Unity and Democracy (FRUD). Ibrahim Chehem Daoud is the President of the UPR.

The UPR participated in Djibouti's first regional and communal elections held on 10 and 31 March 2006, winning seats in the regions of Obock and Tadjourah.

In the February 2008 parliamentary election, the UPR was part of the governing Union for the Presidential Majority (Union pour la Majorité Présidentielle, UMP) coalition.

At the opening of an extraordinary congress of the ruling RPP on 4 March 2009, UPR President Ibrahim Chehem Daoud called for a constitutional amendment that would allow President Ismaïl Omar Guelleh to run for a third term in 2011.

Tadjourah Region
The Tadjourah Region Somali: Gobolka Tajoora, Afar: Rakaakay Tagórri) is a region in north-central Djibouti, the largest of its six regions. With its capital at Tadjourah, it has an area of 7,100 square kilometres (2,700 sq mi). It lies along the Gulf of Tadjoura, and the coastal city of Tadjoura. The region has active salt and fisheries industries, and is served by the Tadjoura Airport. In total area, it is larger than Brunei and smaller than Cyprus.
St. Peter's Kierch
St. Peter's Kierch, also called the Old Kierch or St. Peter's Church, is a historic Lutheran church in Middletown, Dauphin County in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. Construction began in 1767 and it was dedicated by Henry Muhlenberg in 1769. St. Peter's Kierch was used regularly until 1879 when a large church was completed. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.

Dauphin County, Pennsylvania
Dauphin County (/ˈdɔːfɪn/) is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 286,401. The county seat is Harrisburg, Pennsylvania's state capital and ninth-most populous city. The county was created on March 4, 1785, from part of Lancaster County and was named after Louis Joseph, Dauphin of France, the first son of King Louis XVI. Dauphin County is included in the Harrisburg–Carlisle Metropolitan Statistical Area. Located within the county is Three Mile Island Nuclear Generating Station, site of the 1979 nuclear core meltdown. The nuclear power plant closed in 2019. The county is part of the South Central region of the commonwealth.
Markus Juva
Markus Juva (born 4 June 1975 in Helsinki, Finland) is a professional Finnish pool player. At the 2007 World Cup of Pool, Juva and partner Mika Immonen reached the final, only to lose 11–10., and competed in the event on four other occasions. Juva is a several time Finnish pool champion, first winning the Finnish 8-Ball national championships in 1994.

In 2005, Juva won his only Euro Tour event, winning the Austrian Open, defeating Tony Drago in the final.

Tony Drago
Tony Drago (/ˈdreɪɡoʊ/ DRAY-goh; born 22 September 1965) is a Maltese former professional snooker and pool player.

Known for his speed around the table, during his snooker career he won two professional titles: the 1993 Strachan Challenge Event 3 and the 1996 Guangzhou Masters. He later switched his focus to pool and won the 2003 World Pool Masters beating Hsia Hui-kai 8–6 and the 2008 Predator International 10-ball Championship beating Francisco Bustamante 13–10.
Julius Ernst Rautenstein
Julius Ernst Rautenstein (c. between 1590 and 1595 – after 6 March 1654) was a German composer.

Rautenstein was born in Lauenburg, Hamburg, and became the organist at Halberstadt. His dialogue motet Ich schlafe, aber mein Herz wachet, for 4 voices (5:27) is recorded on Hanseatic Wedding music. Weser-Renaissance Ensemble Bremen dir. Manfred Cordes. cpo.  Rautenstein died in Szczecin.

Dialogue
Dialogue (sometimes spelled dialog in American English) is an interactive communication between two or more people, and a literary and theatrical form that depicts such an exchange. As a philosophical or didactic device, it is chiefly associated in the West with the Socratic dialogue as developed by Plato, but antecedents are also found in other traditions including Indian literature.
Delta11-fatty-acid desaturase
Delta11-fatty-acid desaturase (EC 1.14.19.5, Delta11 desaturase, fatty acid Delta11-desaturase, TpDESN, Cro-PG, Delta11 fatty acid desaturase, Z/E11-desaturase, Delta11-palmitoyl-CoA desaturase) is an enzyme with systematic name acyl-CoA,hydrogen donor:oxygen Delta11-oxidoreductase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

acyl-CoA + reduced acceptor + O2  Delta11-acyl-CoA + acceptor + 2 H2O

The enzyme from the marine microalga Thalassiosira pseudonana desaturates palmitic acid 16:0 to 16:1Delta11, whereas that from the leafroller moth Choristoneura rosaceana desaturates myristic acid 14:0 to 14:1Delta11.

Thalassiosira pseudonana
Thalassiosira pseudonana is a species of marine centric  Bulka diatoms. It was chosen as the first eukaryotic marine phytoplankton for whole genome sequencing. T. pseudonana was selected for this study because it is a model for diatom physiology studies, belongs to a genus widely distributed throughout the world's oceans, and has a relatively small genome at 34 mega base pairs. Scientists are researching on diatom light absorption, using the marine diatom of Thalassiosira. The diatom requires a high enough concentration of CO2 in order to utilize C4 metabolism.

The clone of T. pseudonana that was sequenced is CCMP 1335 and is available from the National Center for Marine Algae and Microbiota at Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences. This clone was originally collected in 1958 from Moriches Bay (Long Island, New York) and has been maintained continuously in culture.
Northern campaign (Irish Republican Army)
The Northern campaign was a series of attacks by the Irish Republican Army (IRA) Northern Command between September 1942 and December 1944 against the security forces in Northern Ireland. The action taken by the Northern Irish and the Irish governments as a result of these attacks shattered the IRA and resulted in the former being free from IRA activity by the end of World War II. In December 1956 the IRA began its Border Campaign which lasted until February 1962.

Charlie Kerins
Charlie Kerins (Irish: Cathal Ó Céirín; 23 January 1918 – 1 December 1944) was a physical force Irish Republican, and Chief of Staff of the Irish Republican Army (IRA). Kerins was one of six IRA men who were executed by the Irish State between September 1940 and December 1944.  After spending two years on the run he was captured by the police (the Gardaí) in 1944. Following his subsequent trial and conviction for the 1942 murder of Garda Detective Sergeant Denis O'Brien, Kerins was hanged at Mountjoy Prison in Dublin.
Mohd Haizal Faquan Sadarudin
Mohd Haizal Faquan Sadarudin (born 15 February 1991) is a Malaysian footballer. He currently played as a defender for DRB-Hicom F.C.

Starting his career at Perak youth system, he was in the Perak under-23 team that won 2012 Malaysia President Cup and 2012 King's Gold Cup. He was promoted to the senior team for the 2013 Malaysia Super League campaign. Due to injuries and suspensions to the senior players, Haizal made his league debut on 15 January 2013 in a match against Felda United FC.

Haizal's contract with Perak was terminated in early April 2014 due to long term injuries, which restricted his appearances to only one league game in the 2014 Super League season.

DRB-Hicom F.C.
DRB-HICOM Football Club is a Malaysian football club. They played in the Malaysia Premier League from 2010 to 2016. DRB-HICOM FC as reserve team remained competing in the Kuala Lumpur Football Association (KLFA) League, where they have played since 2014. This team is mostly composed of employees of DRB-HICOM Group of Companies.

The club is commonly known as The Great Bees (D'GreatBees), and previously used the 3,000 capacity Proton City Stadium in Tanjung Malim as their official home ground. However, since it now plays in the Klang Valley, DRB-HICOM FC is now based in Glenmarie, Shah Alam.
Baydukov Island
Baydukov Island (Остров Байдуков; Ostrov Baydukov), formerly Langr Island or Bol'shoy Langr Island, is a coastal island in the southern end of the Sea of Okhotsk. It is located southeast of Chkalov Island, off Schastya Bay, facing the northwestern tip of Sakhalin.

Baydukov Island is 12 km long and has a maximum width of less than 3 km in its west-northwest end area.

This island is one of the few areas in Russia where the murrelets (long-billed and marbled) are considered common.

Administratively this island belongs to the Khabarovsk Krai of the Russian Federation.

Sea of Okhotsk
The Sea of Okhotsk is a marginal sea of the northwestern Pacific Ocean. It is located between Russia's Kamchatka Peninsula on the east, the Kuril Islands on the southeast, Japan's island of Hokkaido on the south, the island of Sakhalin along the west, and a stretch of eastern Siberian coast along the west and north. Its northeast corner is the Shelikhov Gulf. The sea is named for the port of Okhotsk, itself named for the Okhota River.
Angas (surname)
Angas is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Caleb Angas (1782–1860), English agriculturist

Charles Howard Angas (1861–1928), pastoralist in South Australia, son of John Howard Angas

George Fife Angas (1789–1879), English businessman and banker, later prominent in South Australia

George French Angas (1822–1886), English explorer, naturalist and painter, son of George Fife Angas

John Howard Angas (1823–1904), South Australian pastoralist, politician and philanthropist, son of George Fife Angas

Keith Angas (1900–1977), South Australian pastoralist, son of Charles Howard Angas

Richard Angas (1942–2013), British operatic bass singer

Sarah Lindsay Angas (1816–1898), South Australian temperance activist, daughter of George Fife Angas

William Henry Angas (1781–1832), English missionary

George Fife Angas
George Fife Angas (1 May 1789 – 15 May 1879) was an English businessman and banker  who, while residing in England, played a significant part in the formation and establishment of the Province of South Australia. He established the South Australian Company and was its founding chairman of the board of directors.

In later life he migrated to the colony and served as a member of the first South Australian Legislative Council.  His financial contribution of some £40,000 was instrumental to the creation of South Australia.
Pleiades' Dust
Pleiades' Dust is the first EP by the Canadian technical death metal band Gorguts, released on May 13, 2016, through Season of Mist. It consists of a single track which runs for thirty-three minutes and is roughly divided into seven movements. It is also the band's only recording with drummer Patrice Hamelin, who has been performing with the band live since 2011 but only became an official member in 2014 after the departure of John Longstreth (whose schedule with Origin was incompatible with Gorguts).

Season of Mist
Season of Mist is an independent record label and record distributor with subsidiaries in France and the United States. The record label was founded in 1996 by Michael S. Berberian in Marseille, France. From the start releasing black metal, pagan metal, and death metal records, the label moved on to releasing albums of avant-garde metal, gothic metal and punk bands as well. The label has two offices, one in Marseille, France and one in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Season of Mist's name originates from The Sandman: Season of Mists, which in turn comes from the opening phrase of John Keats' "To Autumn".
Flute Sonata in E major, BWV 1035
The Sonata in E major for flute and basso continuo (BWV 1035) is a sonata for transverse flute and figured bass composed by J. S. Bach in the 1740s. It was written as the result of a visit in 1741 to the court of Frederick the Great in Potsdam, where Bach's son Carl Philipp Emanuel had been appointed principal harpsichordist to the king the previous year. It was dedicated to Michael Gabriel Fredersdorf, the king's valet and private secretary, who, like the king, was an amateur flautist.

Christoph Wolff
Christoph Wolff (born 24 May 1940) is a German musicologist. He is best known for his works on the music, life, and period of Johann Sebastian Bach. Christoph Wolff is an emeritus professor of Harvard University, and was part of the faculty since 1976, and former director of the Bach Archive in Leipzig from 2001 to 2014.
Mohammed Rayyan
Colonel Mohammed Rayyan (1955–1986) was an Iraqi fighter pilot and flying ace during the Iran–Iraq War. He scored 5 air combat kills and was the most successful MiG-25 pilot.

Rayyan, while only a Flight Lieutenant and flying a MiG-21MF, claimed two (later confirmed) kills against Iranian F-5 Freedom Fighters in 1980. Later a Captain, he qualified on the MiG-25P in 1981 and claimed 5 more victories (3 verified by western sources). Most of his victories were F-4 Phantoms. Having flown the MiG-25 was evidence of his considerable skill, as Soviet "advisers" were stationed in Iraq specifically to limit access to this advanced jet, and only the best pilots flew them.

In 1986, having attained the rank of Colonel, Rayyan was shot down and killed by Iranian Air Force (IRIAF) Grumman F-14 Tomcats.

Fighter pilot
A fighter pilot or combat pilot is a military aviator trained to engage in air-to-air combat, air-to-ground combat and sometimes electronic warfare while in the cockpit of a fighter aircraft. Fighter pilots undergo specialized training in aerial warfare and dogfighting (close range aerial combat). A fighter pilot with at least five air-to-air kills becomes known as an ace.
State Road 42 (Serbia)
State Road 42 is an IB-class road in southern Serbia, connecting Čukarka with Čaglavica. It is located in Southern and Eastern Serbia and Kosovo and Metohija regions. The section between Depče and Čaglavica is controlled by Kosovo government and UNMIK.

Before the new road categorization regulation given in 2013, the route wore the following names: P 237 and M 25.2 (before 2012) / 35 (after 2012).

The existing route is a main road with two traffic lanes. By the valid Space Plan of Republic of Serbia the road is not planned for upgrading to motorway, and is expected to be conditioned in its current state.

Čukarka
Čukarka (Serbian Cyrillic: Чукарка; Albanian: Çukarkë) is a village located in the municipality of Preševo, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 512 people. Of these, 427 (83,39 %) were ethnic Albanians, and 85 (16,60 %) were Serbs.
Kimhandu Hill
Kimhondu Hill is a mountain located in Morogoro Region, Tanzania. Kimhondu Hill is an Ultra-Prominent peak and is the 20th highest is Africa. It is part of the Uluguru Mountain range. It has an elevation of 2,633 m (8,638 ft).

Uluguru Mountains
The Uluguru mountains are a mountain range in eastern Tanzania, named after the Luguru tribe. The main portion of the Uluguru mountains is a ridge running roughly north-south and rising to 2,630 metres (8,600 ft) altitude at its highest point. On the main Uluguru range, 50 villages touch the forest boundary and over 151,000 people are found within the mountain area, often at increasing densities at higher altitudes up to the forest boundary.
Ashcan comic
An ashcan comic is a form of the American comic book created solely to establish trademarks on potential titles and not intended for sale. The practice was common in the 1930s and 1940s when the comic book industry was in its infancy, but was phased out after updates to US trademark law. The term was revived in the 1980s by Bob Burden, who applied it to prototypes of his self-published comic book. Since the 1990s, the term has been used to describe promotional materials produced in large print runs and made available for mass consumption. In the film and television industries, the term "ashcan copy" has been adopted for low-grade material created to preserve a claim to licensed property rights.

Print circulation
Print circulation is the average number of copies of a publication. The number of copies of a non-periodical publication (such as a book) are usually called print run. Circulation is not always the same as copies sold, often called paid circulation, since some issues are distributed without cost to the reader. Readership figures are usually higher than circulation figures because of the assumption that a typical copy is read by more than one person.
New Negro Alliance v. Sanitary Grocery Co.
New Negro Alliance v. Sanitary Grocery Co., 303 U.S. 552 (1938), was a landmark decision of the US Supreme Court which affects US labor law, safeguarding a right to boycott and in the struggle by African Americans against discriminatory hiring practices.  Sanitary Grocery Co. was at the time of the case owned by Safeway Inc.

Boycott
A boycott is an act of nonviolent, voluntary abstention from a product, person, organisation, or country as an expression of protest. It is usually for moral, social, political, or environmental reasons. The purpose of a boycott is to inflict some economic loss on the target, or to indicate a moral outrage, usually to try to compel the target to alter an objectionable behavior.

The word is named after Captain Charles Boycott, agent of an absentee landlord in Ireland, against whom the tactic was successfully employed after a suggestion by Irish nationalist leader Charles Stewart Parnell and his Irish Land League in 1880.

Sometimes, a boycott can be a form of consumer activism, sometimes called moral purchasing. When a similar practice is legislated by a national government, it is known as a sanction. Frequently, however, the threat of boycotting a business is an empty threat, with no significant effect on sales.