hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nettie Birnbach
Nettie Sodikow Birnbach (March 2, 1926 – December 18, 2019) was an American nurse, educator and arts patron. In 2010, Birnbach was inducted into the American Nurses Association Hall of Fame for her contribution to the nursing profession. Birnbach was a past president of the New York State Nurses Association and president of the American Association for the History of Nursing.

American Association for the History of Nursing
The American Association for the History of Nursing (AAHN) is a non-profit organization dedicated to promoting the history of nursing. The organization uses history to achieve adequate recognition for professional nurses and the pioneers of nursing, and shaping values and beliefs in nursing in the context of history. The association sponsors an annual autumn conference on nursing history and publishes the annual Nursing History Review. The American Association for the History of Nursing provides important historical resources for helping nurses understand the importance of their profession.
Jennifer L. Armentrout
Jennifer Lynn Armentrout (born June 11, 1980), also known by the pseudonym J. Lynn, is an American writer of contemporary romance, new adult and fantasy. Several of her works have made The New York Times Best Seller list.

She is considered a "hybrid" author, having successfully self-published while maintaining active contracts with small independent presses, and traditional publishers. Her current publishers include Spencer Hill Press, Entangled Publishing, Harlequin Teen, Disney/Hyperion, and HarperCollins.

Not be confused with fellow novelist Jenny Gallifrey Joel Trout, who was born Jennifer Lynne Armintrout, also in 1980.

Disney Publishing Worldwide
Disney Publishing Worldwide (DPW), formerly known as The Disney Publishing Group and Buena Vista Publishing Group, is the publishing subsidiary of Disney Experiences, a subsidiary of the Walt Disney Company. Its imprints include Disney Editions, Disney Press, Kingswell, Freeform, and Hyperion Books for Children. It has creative centers in Glendale, California, and Milan, Italy.
Jonathan Deans
Jonathan Deans is an English sound designer. His work spans from Covent Garden, the Royal Opera House to The Beatles 'LOVE' and Michael Jackson's 'ONE' in Las Vegas to Broadway.

Deans has been nominated for Tony and Drama Desk Awards. He is also been presented with a USITT award for his distinguished career in music.

Sound design
Sound design is the art and practice of creating auditory elements of media. It involves specifying, acquiring and creating audio using production techniques and equipment or software. It is employed in a variety of disciplines including filmmaking, television production, video game development, theatre, sound recording and reproduction, live performance, sound art, post-production, radio, new media and musical instrument development. Sound design commonly involves performing (see e.g. Foley) and editing of previously composed or recorded audio, such as sound effects and dialogue for the purposes of the medium, but it can also involve creating sounds from scratch through synthesizers. A sound designer is one who practices sound design.
2015 Estoril Open
The 2015 Estoril Open (also known as the Millennium Estoril Open for sponsorship purposes) was a tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. The 2015 tournament was the first edition of the Estoril Open (which replaced the Portugal Open), and part of the ATP World Tour 250 series of the 2015 ATP World Tour. The event took place at the Clube de Ténis do Estoril in Cascais, Portugal, from April 25 through May 3, 2015.

ATP 250 tournaments
The ATP 250 tournaments are the lowest tier of annual men's tennis tournaments on the main ATP Tour, after the four Grand Slam tournaments, ATP Finals, ATP Masters 1000 tournaments, and ATP 500 tournaments. The winners of each tournament are awarded 250 ranking points—which accounts for the name of the series.

As of 2026, the series included 30 tournaments after the retirement of four tournaments (Atlanta, Córdoba, Lyon and Metz), the downgrade of two in 2025 (Estoril for a year, and Newport) and the upgrade of three tournaments to the 500 level (Dallas, Doha and Munich). Draws usually consist of 28 for singles, with Brisbane International (32) and Winston-Salem Open (48) being the only exceptions. Doubles draws consist of 16 teams.

Thomas Muster holds the record for most singles titles at 26, while Mike Bryan holds the record for most doubles titles won with 46.
Frederick Delaney
Frederick Delaney (1906–1985), On assignment by Archbishop of Detroit Edward Aloysius Mooney in 1948, Father Delaney opened St. Patrick's Parish in White Lake, Michigan and Our Lady of the Lakes Parish and School in Waterford, Michigan.

Waterford Township, Michigan
Waterford Township (commonly known simply as Waterford) is a charter township in Oakland County in the U.S. state of Michigan. A northern suburb of Detroit, Waterford is located roughly 30 miles (48.3 km) northwest of downtown Detroit. As of the 2024 census, the township had a population of 70,538.
Usha Kirana
Usha Kirana was an Indian Kannada language newspaper which had its headquarters in Bangalore, Karnataka.

It was established by Vijay Sankeshwar in March 2005 as a sister publication to the Vijaya Karnataka daily. Originally, the paper had several simultaneously published editions.

In 2006, the paper was sold to Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd., publishers of India's leading newspaper, The Times of India, along with all of its sister publications including Vijaya Karnataka.

After Bennett, Coleman & Co. took over, they closed five editions of the newspaper in September 2006 and started The Times of India's Kannada version. Usha Kirana ceased.

The Times Group
Bennett, Coleman and Co. Ltd. (BCCL), d/b/a The Times Group, is an Indian media conglomerate based in Mumbai. Notable media properties owned and operated by the group include India's largest selling daily English-language newspaper The Times of India, television channels such as Times Now, the radio station network Radio Mirchi, and magazines Filmfare and Femina.

The Sahu Jain family owns a majority of the stake in the group. In May 2023, the Times Group was split into two separate business entities between brothers Vineet Jain and Samir Jain, such that its radio and broadcast properties would remain with Vineet Jain and its print properties would be under the ownership of Samir Jain.
12th (Nelson and Marlborough) Regiment
The 12th (Nelson and Marlborough) Regiment was a territorial infantry regiment of the New Zealand Military Forces. It was formed in 1911 from various volunteer corps raised during the second half of the nineteenth century. Men from the regiment saw combat in the First World War as part of the Canterbury Infantry Regiment. The 12th Regiment was amalgamated with the 13th (North Canterbury and Westland) Regiment in 1921, forming the 2nd Battalion, Canterbury Regiment, which was then redesignated as the 1st Battalion, Nelson, Marlborough and West Coast Regiment in 1923.

Volunteer Force (New Zealand)
The Volunteer Force was a voluntary part time military organisation of the New Zealand Military Forces. The force provided the bulk of New Zealand's defence during the late nineteenth century and was made up of small independent corps of less than 100 men. Throughout its entire existence, the Volunteer Force was criticised for being untrained, disorganised and poorly led, with units often prioritising dress uniforms over actual military training. Despite these misgivings, units of the Volunteer Force did conduct military actions during the New Zealand Wars and the Second Boer War. In 1910 the Volunteer Force was converted into the Territorial Force. Many of the modern day units of the New Zealand Army can draw their lineages back to corps of the Volunteer Force.
Markus Fagerudd
Markus Simon Fagerudd (born 1 June 1961) is a Finnish composer.

Fagerudd was born in Jakobstad, Finland. In the 1980s, he studied composition at the Sibelius Academy in Helsinki under Olli Kortekangas and Kalevi Aho, while working as a musician and composer at the KOM-Theatre. He studied at the Karlsruhe Music Academy from 1993 to 1994 under Wolfgang Rihm. He was composer in residence with the Lappeenranta City Orchestra, and since 1997 he has been the composer in residence with the Vaasa City Orchestra.

Fagerudd's varied musical output includes works for solo instruments, chamber and symphony orchestras, and choirs. His best-known works include his children's operas commissioned by the Finnish National Opera and the Savonlinna Opera Festival: Gaia; Strawhat, Feltslipper and the Big Bang ("Heinähattu, Vilttitossu ja suuri pamaus"); and The Seven Dog Brothers ("Seitsemän koiraveljestä").

Jakobstad
Jakobstad (Finland Swedish: [ˈjɑːkopˌstɑːd]; Finnish: Pietarsaari, Finnish: [ˈpie̯tɑrˌsɑːri]) is a town in Finland, located on the west coast of the country. Jakobstad is situated in Ostrobothnia, along the Gulf of Bothnia. The population of Jakobstad is approximately 20,000, while the sub-region has a population of approximately 51,000. It is the 57th most populous municipality in Finland.

Jakobstad covers a land area of 88.52 km2 (34.18 sq mi). The population density is 222.19/km2 (575.5/sq mi). Neighboring municipalities are Larsmo, Pedersöre, and Nykarleby. The city of Vaasa is located 98 km (61 mi) southwest of Jakobstad.

Jakobstad is a bilingual municipality with Finnish and Swedish as its official languages. The population consists of 30% Finnish speakers, 54% Swedish speakers, and 16% speakers of other languages.
Wearside Jack
Wearside Jack is the nickname given to John Samuel Humble (8 January 1956 – 30 July 2019), a British man who pretended to be the Yorkshire Ripper in a hoax audio recording and several letters in 1978 and 1979.

Humble sent a taped message spoken in a Wearside accent and three letters, taunting the authorities for failing to catch him.  The message, recorded on an audio cassette, caused the investigation to be moved away from the West Yorkshire area, home of the real killer, Peter Sutcliffe, and thereby helped prolong his attacks on women and may have delayed his arrest by eighteen months.

More than 25 years after the event, a fragment from one of Humble's envelopes was traced to him through DNA, and in 2006, Humble was sentenced to eight years in prison for perverting the course of justice.

West Yorkshire Police
West Yorkshire Police, formerly the West Yorkshire Metropolitan Police, is the territorial police force responsible for policing the metropolitan county of West Yorkshire, England.  It is the fourth largest territorial police force in England and Wales by number of officers.
John Barneby
John Barneby (20 November 1799 – 30 November 1846) was a British Conservative politician.

He was elected Conservative MP for Droitwich at the 1835 general election, and then for East Worcestershire at the 1837 general election and held the seat until his death in 1846.

He was a member of the Carlton Club, Boodle's and Arthur's.

Arthur's
Arthur's was a London gentlemen's club, now dissolved, which was established in 1811 and was disbanded in 1940. Between 1827 and 1940 it was based at 69 St James's Street. It is now best remembered for having built the London clubhouse currently occupied by the Carlton Club.

The club was first formed at a meeting at a bank at 16 St James's Street on 8 May 1811, with the resolution 'That a New Club be forthwith established, to consist of 300 Members.' The club is notable for being the first to be a members' club wholly owned by the members, as opposed to the proprietary clubs which previously existed, like White's, Boodle's, and Brooks's, and it accordingly served as the mould for most of the nineteenth century members'-owned clubs which followed.
Canadian Arctic Rift System
The Canadian Arctic Rift System is a major North American geological structure extending from the Labrador Sea in the southeast through Davis Strait, Baffin Bay and the Arctic Archipelago in the northwest. It consists of a series of interconnected rifts that formed during the Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras. Extensional stresses along the entire length of the rift system have resulted in a variety of tectonic features, including grabens, half-grabens, basins and faults.

Development of the Canadian Arctic Rift System was accompanied by two plate tectonic episodes that originated on opposite sides of the North American plate and were propagated toward each other. Both were strongly controlled by pre-existing structures, which either guided the propagating faults or impeded their growth. The rift system is now inactive apart from minor adjustments that are indicated by occasional earthquakes in Baffin Bay and the Labrador Sea.

Tectonics
Tectonics (from Ancient Greek  τεκτονικός tektonikós 'pertaining to building' via Latin tectonicus) are the processes that result in the structure and properties of Earth's crust and its evolution through time. The field of planetary tectonics extends the concept to other planets and moons.

These processes include those of mountain-building, the growth and behavior of the strong, old cores of continents known as cratons, and the ways in which the relatively rigid plates that constitute Earth's outer shell interact with each other. Principles of tectonics also provide a framework for understanding the earthquake and volcanic belts that directly affect much of the global population.

Tectonic studies are important as guides for economic geologists searching for fossil fuels and ore deposits of metallic and nonmetallic resources. An understanding of tectonic principles can help geomorphologists to explain erosion patterns and other Earth-surface features.
Sabana Grande barrio-pueblo
Sabana Grande barrio-pueblo  is a barrio and the administrative center (seat) of Sabana Grande, a municipality of Puerto Rico. Its population in 2010 was 1,554.

As was customary in Spain, in Puerto Rico, the municipality has a barrio called pueblo which contains a central plaza, the municipal buildings (city hall), and a Catholic church. Fiestas patronales (patron saint festivals) are held in the central plaza every year.

Fiestas patronales in Puerto Rico
Fiestas patronales in Puerto Rico are yearly celebrations held in each municipality of the island. Like in other countries, "fiestas patronales" are heavily influenced by Spanish culture and religion, and are dedicated to a saint or the Blessed Virgin Mary under one of her titles.

The festivities usually include religious processions honoring its Catholic heritage. However, elements of African and local culture have been incorporated as well. They also feature parades, games, artisans, amusement rides, regional food, and live entertainment.
Massey Lectures
The Massey Lectures (advertised as the CBC Massey Lectures) is an annual five-part series of lectures given in Canada by distinguished writers, thinkers, and scholars who explore ideas and issues of contemporary interest. Created in 1961 by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) in honour of Vincent Massey, the founder of Massey College at the University of Toronto, a former Governor General of Canada and coordinator of the 1951 Massey Report, it is broadcast on CBC Radio One. It is widely regarded as one of the most acclaimed lecture series in the country.

Notable Massey lecturers have included Northrop Frye, John Kenneth Galbraith, Noam Chomsky, Jean Vanier, Margaret Atwood, Ursula Franklin, George Steiner, Claude Levi Strauss, and Nobel laureates Martin Luther King Jr., George Wald, Willy Brandt, and Doris Lessing.

Royal Commission on National Development in the Arts, Letters and Sciences
The Royal Commission on National Development in the Arts, Letters and Sciences, otherwise known as the Massey Commission, chaired by Vincent Massey, was founded in 1949 to examine Canada's cultural needs. Massey had long believed that Canadians' rich cultural history was deeply embedded in European culture but was too little known to the world. An avid art collector himself, he sponsored exhibits in Europe and saw the need for a national commitment to promoting the arts.
Long-billed starthroat
The long-billed starthroat (Heliomaster longirostris) is a species of hummingbird in the "mountain gems", tribe Lampornithini in subfamily Trochilinae. It is found in Mexico, Central America, Trinidad, and all but the four southernmost countries of South America.

Trochilinae
Trochilinae is one of the six subfamilies that make up the hummingbird family Trochilidae.

The subfamily is divided into three tribes: Lampornithini (mountain gems) containing 18 species, Mellisugini (bees) containing 37 species and Trochilini (emeralds) containing 115 species.
Leonardo Ulloa
José Leonardo Ulloa Fernández (locally [xoˈse leoˈnaɾðowˈʎoa feɾˈnandes]; born 26 July 1986) is an Argentine former professional footballer who played as a striker.

After starting out with CAI, he joined San Lorenzo in 2005, going on to spend the better part of the following years in Spain with Castellón and Almería, competing in La Liga with the last of those clubs and also being Segunda División top scorer in the 2011–12 season.

Ulloa moved to England in 2013, where he represented Brighton & Hove Albion and Leicester City. He won the Premier League with the latter side in 2015–16.

2006–07 Argentine Primera División
The 2006–07 Argentina Primera División was the 116th season of first division football in Argentina. Estudiantes (LP) won the Torneo Apertura and San Lorenzo won the Torneo Clausura.

Godoy Cruz, Nueva Chicago, and Belgrano were promoted from the 2005–06 Primera B Nacional.

At the end of the season, Belgrano and Quilmes were directly relegated to the Primera B Nacional and Huracán and Tigre promoted from Primera B Nacional after winning the relegation playoff against Godoy Cruz and Nueva Chicago respectively. Therefore, a total of four teams were relegated to the second division.
43rd Indian Brigade
The 43rd Indian Brigade was an infantry brigade of the British Indian Army that formed part of the Indian Army during the First World War.  It was formed in March 1917 as part of the 16th Indian Division for service on the North West Frontier.  It remained in India throughout the First World War but saw active service in the Third Anglo-Afghan War.  Post-war, it was designated as 21st Indian Infantry Brigade in September 1920 and took over responsibility for the Jubbulpore Brigade Area in 1923.

Indian Army during World War I
The Indian Army, also called the British Indian Army, was involved in World War I as part of the British Empire. More than one million Indian troops served overseas, of whom more than 60,000 died during the war.

In World War I the Indian Army fought against the German Empire on the Western Front. At the First Battle of Ypres, Khudadad Khan became the first Indian to be awarded a Victoria Cross. Indian divisions were also sent to Egypt, Gallipoli, German East Africa and nearly 700,000 served in Mesopotamia against the Ottoman Empire. While some divisions were sent overseas others had to remain in India guarding the North West Frontier and on internal security and training duties.

Field-Marshal Sir Claude Auchinleck, Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Army from 1942 asserted that the British "couldn't have come through both World War I and II if they hadn't had the Indian Army."
Zorian Quartet
The Zorian Quartet was an English all-female string quartet ensemble. It was founded in 1942 by and named after violinist Olive Zorian. It gave the premiere performances of, and made the first recordings of, several compositions for string quartet by English composers, including Benjamin Britten and Michael Tippett. It also gave the premiere English performances of quartets by Ernest Bloch and Béla Bartók.

The original members were Olive Zorian (1916–65, violin I); Marjorie Lavers (violin II); Winifred Copperwheat (1905–76, viola); and Norina Semino (cello).

Some sources say that the quartet disbanded in 1949. Other sources say that it continued to perform for at least another ten years. The later date is supported by evidence that the violinist Frances Mason and the cellist Eleanor Warren were members of the Zorian Quartet in the 1950s.

Ernest Bloch
Ernest Bloch (/blɒk/; German: [blɔx]; July 24, 1880 – July 15, 1959) was a Swiss-born American composer. Bloch was a preeminent artist in his day, and left a lasting legacy. He is recognized as one of the greatest Swiss composers in history. Several of his most notable compositions reflect his Jewish heritage. As well as producing musical scores, Bloch had an academic career that culminated in his recognition as Professor Emeritus at the University of California, Berkeley in 1952.
Geastrum britannicum
Geastrum britannicum is a fungal species in the family Geastraceae. Its recommended English name is vaulted earthstar. Like other earthstars, the basidiocarps (fruit bodies) are initially globose. Their thick outer skin splits open at maturity to expose the puffball-like spore sac surrounded by the split rays of the outer skin. In the vaulted earthstar, the rays split apart and form an arch, raising the spore sac upwards.

Basidiocarp
In fungi, a basidiocarp, basidiome, or basidioma (pl. basidiomata) is the sporocarp of a basidiomycete, the multicellular structure on which the spore-producing hymenium is borne. Basidiocarps are characteristic of the hymenomycetes; rusts and smuts do not produce such structures. As with other sporocarps, epigeous (above-ground) basidiocarps that are visible to the naked eye (especially those with a more or less agaricoid morphology) are commonly referred to as mushrooms, while hypogeous (underground) basidiocarps are usually called false truffles.
Birdman Project 102
The Birdman Project 102, also known as Windsoar, was an experimental high wing, single engine, pod-and-boom, conventional landing gear-equipped, ultralight motor glider originally intended for production by Birdman Enterprises.

Experimental aircraft
An Experimental aircraft is an aircraft intended for testing new aerospace technologies and design concepts.

The term research aircraft or testbed aircraft, by contrast, generally denotes aircraft modified to perform scientific studies, such as weather research or geophysical surveying, similar to a research vessel.

The term "experimental aircraft" also has specific legal meaning in Australia, the United States and some other countries; usually used to refer to aircraft flown with an experimental certificate. In the United States, this also includes most homebuilt aircraft, many of which are based on conventional designs and hence are experimental only in name because of certain restrictions in operation.
Hadrianic Society
The Hadrianic Society was a British historical society focused upon Hadrian's Wall and Roman Britain as well as the Antonine Wall, the Gask Ridge, and other Roman Frontier systems.
It was founded in 1971 under the leadership of Brian Dobson, David Breeze, and Valerie Maxfield. The Hadrianic Society closed in 2018. Some of its functions continue to be fulfilled by the Roman Army School.

Birgitta Hoffmann
Birgitta Hoffmann (born 18 May 1969) is an archaeologist and adult education teacher. Her research covers the Roman military, especially the Roman frontiers and ancient glass and beads of the first millennium AD.