hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Indo-Nepal Treaty of Peace and Friendship
The 1950 India-Nepal Treaty of Peace and Friendship (official name: Treaty of Peace and Friendship Between the Government of India and Government of Nepal) is a bilateral treaty signed by the Kingdom of Nepal and the Republic of India to establish a close strategic relationship between the two South Asian neighbours. The treaty was signed in Kathmandu on 31 July 1950 by the last Rana Prime Minister of Nepal, Mohan Shumsher Jang Bahadur Rana, and the Indian ambassador to Nepal, Chadreshwar Narayan Singh, and came into force the same day as per Article 9 of the Treaty. Rana rule in Nepal ended just 3 months after the treaty was signed. The treaty allows free movement of people and goods between the two nations and a close relationship and collaboration on matters of defence and foreign policy.

Rana dynasty
The Rana dynasty (Nepali: राणा वंश, romanized: Rāṇā vaṃśa, Sanskrit: [raːɳaː ʋɐ̃ɕɐ], Nepali: [raɳa bʌŋsʌ]) was a Chhetri dynasty that imposed authoritarianism in the Kingdom of Nepal from 1846 until 1951, reducing the Shah monarch to a figurehead, and making the Prime Minister and other government positions held by the Ranas hereditary. The Rana dynasty is historically known for their iron-fisted rule in Nepal. This changed after the Revolution of 1951 with the promulgation of a new constitution, when power shifted back to the monarchy of King Tribhuvan.

The Rana dynasty were descended from the Kunwar family, a nobility of the Gorkha Kingdom. Due to their marital lineages with the politically reigning Thapa dynasty (of Mukhtiyar Bhimsen Thapa) from the early 19th century, the Ranas gained entry to central Darbar politics. The Ranas were also linked to a minor faction of the Pande dynasty of Gorkha through the Thapa dynasty.
Felipe de Liaño
Felipe de Liaño (died 1625) was a Spanish painter.   dubbed him . He was dubbed Little Titian (Tiziano pequeño) by Spanish painter Antonio Palomino.

Born in Madrid, he was pupil of Alonso Sánchez Coello, and may have completed some etchings in Italy that are signed “Teodoro Felipe de Liagno”.  He painted the portrait of Álvaro de Bazán, first Marquese de Santa Cruz for the emperor Rudolf II. Lope de Vega in his poetic epitaph stated that  “Nature killed him because he stole its paintbrushes”.

Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor
Rudolf II (18 July 1552 – 20 January 1612) was Holy Roman Emperor (1576–1612), King of Hungary and Croatia (as Rudolf I, 1572–1608), King of Bohemia (1575–1608/1611) and Archduke of Austria (1576–1608). He was a member of the House of Habsburg.

Rudolf's legacy has traditionally been viewed in three ways: an ineffectual ruler whose mistakes led directly to the Thirty Years' War; a great and influential patron of Northern Mannerist art; and an intellectual devotee of occult arts and learning which helped seed what would be called the Scientific Revolution. Determined to unify Christendom, he initiated the Long Turkish War (1593–1606) with the Ottoman Empire. Exhausted by war, his citizens in Hungary revolted in the Bocskai Uprising, which led to more authority being given to his brother Matthias. Under Rudolf's reign, there was a policy of tolerance towards Judaism.
2008 Gerry Weber Open – Doubles
Simon Aspelin and Julian Knowle were the defending champions, but lost in the first round to Tomáš Berdych and Radek Štěpánek.

Mikhail Youzhny and Mischa Zverev won in the final 3–6, 6–4, [10–3], against Lukáš Dlouhý and Leander Paes.

Radek Štěpánek
Radek Štěpánek (Czech pronunciation: [ˈradɛk ˈʃcɛpaːnɛk]; born 27 November 1978) is a Czech former professional tennis player. His career-high singles ranking was world No. 8 and best doubles ranking was world No. 4. Štěpánek's biggest achievements are reaching two Masters 1000 event finals and the quarterfinals of Wimbledon in 2006, as well as winning the deciding match for Czech Republic's Davis Cup winning team in 2012 and again in 2013. In doubles, he won his first Grand Slam title at the 2012 Australian Open, along with Indian partner Leander Paes, defeating the Bryan Brothers in the final. Paes and Štěpánek also won the men's doubles title at the 2013 US Open, defeating Bruno Soares and Alexander Peya in the final. In November 2017, he became a coach of Novak Djokovic and in May 2019, he joined Andre Agassi as part of Grigor Dimitrov's coaching staff.
Different Game
Different Game is the seventh studio album by English rock band the Zombies, released on 31 March 2023 through Cooking Vinyl. It is their first album since Still Got That Hunger, which was released in 2015.

Cooking Vinyl
Cooking Vinyl is a British independent record label, based in Acton, London, England. It was founded in 1986 by former manager and booking agent Martin Goldschmidt and his business partner Pete Lawrence. Goldschmidt remains the current owner and chairman, while Rob Collins is managing director.
Four Corners Cup
The Four Corners Cup was a regional soccer competition among the USL Championship clubs located in states that intersect at the Four Corners: Colorado Springs Switchbacks FC, New Mexico United, Phoenix Rising FC and Real Monarchs SLC. The four clubs played each other home and away in a round robin format, with the champion determined by total points accumulated. The competition was canceled during the 2021 as Phoenix Rising were assigned to a separate division, preventing round-robin play. In 2022, the Real Monarchs moved the MLS Next Pro league, ending the competition.

MLS Next Pro
MLS Next Pro (MLSNP) is a men's professional soccer league in the United States and Canada that is affiliated with Major League Soccer (MLS). It launched in 2022 with 21 teams and now comprises 27 reserve sides of MLS clubs and two independent clubs (Carolina Core FC and Chattanooga FC). MLS Next Pro is classified as part of the third tier of the United States soccer league system.

As of the 2025 season, 27 of the 30 MLS teams held affiliations with an MLS Next Pro team, with only the CF Montréal, D.C. United, and San Diego FC having no such franchise affiliation.
Escoma Municipality
Escoma Municipality is the fifth municipal section of the Eliodoro Camacho Province in the La Paz Department in Bolivia. It was created on February 6, 2009. Until then this area was part of the Viacha Municipality.  Its seat is Escoma with 576 inhabitants in the year 2001.

Escoma Municipality is situated in the Altiplano on the western edge of the Cordillera Real. It is bordered to the north-east, north and west by the Puerto Acosta Municipality, to the south by Lake Titicaca, to the south-east by the Puerto Carabuco Municipality and to the east by the Mocomoco Municipality.

Cordillera Real (Bolivia)
The Cordillera Real is a mountain range in the South American Altiplano of Bolivia, forming part of the Andes. This range of fold mountains, largely composed of granite, is located southeast of Lake Titicaca, and east of the Bolivian capital of La Paz. The range stretches 125 km in length and 20 km in width. Even though it is only 17° south of the Equator, the Cordillera Real is relatively densely glaciated. This is due to its proximity to the Amazon lowlands with its associated moist air masses.
Travel Photographer of the Year
Travel Photographer of the Year (TPOTY) is an international travel photography award, founded by professional photographer Chris Coe and his partner Karen Coe in 2003. The competition runs annually and is open to entries from photographers of all ages and abilities. Each year an overall winner is presented with the 'Travel Photographer of The Year' award, with additional winners selected from each of the year's categories. The competition is judged by an international panel of expert photographers and editors, assessing as many as 20,000 entries from over 142 different countries each year.

Since 2011, winning images (alongside runners-up) have been displayed in major TPOTY-held exhibitions in central London at venues such as the Royal Geographical Society and the University of Greenwich, and published in an accompanying series of Journey portfolio books.

University of Greenwich
The University of Greenwich is a public university located in London and Kent, United Kingdom. Previous names include Woolwich Polytechnic and Thames Polytechnic.

The university's main campus is at the Old Royal Naval College, which along with its Avery Hill campus, is located in the Royal Borough of Greenwich. Greenwich also has a campus in Medway, Kent, as part of a shared campus. The university's range of subjects includes architecture, business, computing, mathematics, education, engineering, humanities, maritime studies, natural sciences, pharmacy and social sciences.
Margaritas (restaurant)
Margaritas is a Mexican restaurant chain in New England. Founded by John Pelletier in 1985 in Concord, NH. His first venture opened as Tio Juan's. With partner Stan Bagley, he opened the first Tio Juan's Mexican Restaurant in Orono, ME. Shortly after, his brother Dave joined the venture.  Since then, the company has grown to 18 corporate locations across New England, and new franchise stores opening in the Mid Atlantic, like locations in Tom's River, NJ and Lansdale, PA. The company is the most prominent TexMex casual dining experience in New England.

Their use of art and furniture directly from central Mexico is one key feature that makes them stand out from other restaurants. Following this theme, the restaurant blends traditional Mexican cuisine with standard Tex-Mex fare for a New England palate.

Tex-Mex
Tex-Mex cuisine (derived from the words Texas and Mexico) is a regional American cuisine that originates from the culinary creations of Tejano people inspired in Mexican culinary traditions. It has spread from border states such as Texas and others in the Southwestern United States to the rest of the country. It is a subtype of Southwestern cuisine found in the American Southwest.
Chernigovka (air base)
Chernigovka is a Russian Aerospace Forces airbase located near Chernigovka, Primorsky Krai, Russia.

The base is home to the 18th Guards Red Banner Assault Aviation Regiment which flies the Sukhoi Su-25SM under the 303rd Composite Aviation Division, alongside the 319th Independent Helicopter Regiment which flies the Kamov Ka-52 and the Mil Mi-8AMTSh.

The 18th deployed to Luninets Air Base in Belarus with their Sukhoi Su-25's as part of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.

Kamov Ka-50
The Kamov Ka-50 "Black Shark" (Russian: Камов Ка-50 «Чёрная акула», romanized: Chyornaya akula, English: kitefin shark, literally: black shark), NATO reporting name Hokum A, is a Soviet/Russian single-seat attack helicopter with the distinctive coaxial rotor system of the Kamov design bureau. It was designed in the 1980s and adopted for service in the Russian army in 1995. The Ka-50 is manufactured by the Progress company in Arsenyev. It is used as a heavily armed scout helicopter and has a rescue ejection system, rare for helicopters.

During the late 1990s, Kamov and Israel Aerospace Industries developed a tandem-seat cockpit version, the Kamov Ka-50-2 "Erdogan" (Russian: Эрдоган, Turkish: Erdoğan), to compete in Turkey's attack helicopter competition. Kamov also designed another two-seat variant, the Kamov Ka-52 "Alligator" (Russian: Аллигатор, NATO reporting name: Hokum B).  The Ka-52's unit cost is US$16 million as of 2023.
History of Germany during World War I
During World War I, the German Empire was one of the Central Powers. It began participation in the conflict after the declaration of war against Serbia by its ally, Austria-Hungary. German forces fought the Allies on both the eastern and western fronts, although German territory itself remained relatively safe from widespread invasion for most of the war, except for a brief period in 1914 when East Prussia was invaded. A tight blockade imposed by the Royal Navy caused severe food shortages in the cities, especially in the winter of 1916–17, known as the Turnip Winter. At the end of the war, Germany's defeat and widespread popular discontent triggered the German Revolution of 1918–1919 which overthrew the monarchy and established the Weimar Republic.

Monarchy of Germany
The German Imperial Monarchy was the system of government in which the King of Prussia as an hereditary monarch was also the head of state of the German Empire from 1871 to 1918, holding the title German Emperor (German: Deutscher Kaiser). The monarchy ended with the November Revolution of 1918, and the period afterward is in historiography known as the Weimar Republic.
Eugene C. Gardner
Eugene Clarence Gardner (1836–1915) was an American architect and author of Springfield, Massachusetts. Gardner was noted both for the architectural influence of his extensive practice as well as his writings on the American home. Gardner was the most notable architect of Springfield.

Mill River (Northampton, Massachusetts)
The Mill River is a 13.5-mile-long (21.7 km) tributary of the Connecticut River arising in the western hilltowns of Hampshire County, Massachusetts. It is notable for dropping in elevation, along with its West Branch, more than 700 feet (210 m) over 15 miles (24 km).
Challenger brand
A challenger brand is a brand in an industry where it is neither the market leader nor a niche brand. Challenger brands are categorised by a mindset which sees they have business ambitions beyond conventional resources, and an intent to bring change to an industry.

The establishment brand is the antithesis to the challenger brand, the market leader being the primary example of an establishment brand.

Virgin Atlantic, BrewDog, Tyrells, innocent, Uber and Airbnb are all considered classic examples of a challenger brand. The Challenger Project is a study into challenger brands and how they grow and succeed.

Airbnb
Airbnb, Inc. (/ˌɛərbiːɛnˈbiː/ AIR-bee-en-BEE, an abbreviation of its original name, "Airbed and Breakfast") is an American company operating an online marketplace for short-and-long-term homestays, experiences and services in various countries and regions. It acts as a broker and charges a commission from each booking. Airbnb was founded in 2008 by Brian Chesky, Nathan Blecharczyk, and Joe Gebbia.
Nick Giles
Nick Giles is the Managing Director of Ordnance Survey Leisure Limited, part of Ordnance Survey, Great Britain's Mapping authority. He was previously Head of Sales and Marketing for RAC, and has also held roles in LV= (Liverpool Victoria), RSA Insurance Group and Mail Marketing International.

A regular representative of Ordnance Survey in the media, he has appeared in a number of interviews about the design of new map symbols by the public, discussing the launch of a new app, a national photography competition, revised paper maps with digital downloads, Open Data and a map trade-in scheme.

In 2018 he was also appointed to the board of the Outdoor Industries Association (OIA)., then appointed as Chair in 2022.

In 2022, he was awarded an OBE as part of the New Years' Crown Honours Lists for services to the health of the nation.

RAC Limited
RAC Limited, called The RAC, is a British automotive services company headquartered in Walsall, West Midlands. Its principal services are roadside assistance and general insurance, and its subsidiaries include RAC Motoring Services Ltd, RAC Financial Services Ltd and RAC Insurance Limited. It was a private club owned by its members until sold in 1999, eventually acquired in 2014 and 2015  by GIC Private Limited and CVC Capital Partners. In 2022 Silver Lake acquired a stake in the group while leaving GIC and CVC as major stakeholders.

The RAC's main competitors are The AA and Green Flag.
Shah Khan
Shah Khan (Chagatai and Persian: شاه خان; r. 1545 – 1570 C.E.) was the eldest son of Mansur Khan, who in 1545 C.E. retired due to ill health and handed over the reins of government to his son. Shah Khan proved to be a poor leader. He was disrespectful to his father's nobles. He was insolent and did not follow court etiquette. After the death of his father Shah Khan's younger brother Muhammad Khan ibn Mansur Khan, took Hami and declared his independence with the aid of Kalmyks or Oirats. This forced Shah Khan to take military action. Little is known of his life thereafter. It is unclear whether he was successful in subduing his brother, but when he died in 1570, Muhammad Khan ibn Mansur Khan was Khan at Turpan.

Chagatai language
Chagatai (چغتای, Čaġatāy), also known as Turki, Eastern Turkic, or Chagatai Turkic (Čaġatāy türkīsi), is a Turkic language that was once widely spoken across Central Asia. It remained the shared literary language in the region until the early 20th century. It was used across a wide geographic area including western or Russian Turkestan (i.e. parts of modern-day Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan), Eastern Turkestan (where a dialect, known as Kaşğar tılı, developed), Crimea, the Volga region (such as Tatarstan and Bashkortostan), etc. Chagatai is the direct ancestor of the Uzbek and Uyghur languages. Kazakh and Turkmen, which are not within the Karluk branch but are in the Kipchak and Oghuz branches of the Turkic languages respectively, were nonetheless heavily influenced by Chagatai for centuries.

Ali-Shir Nava'i was the greatest representative of Chagatai literature.
2018 IKF European Korfball B-Championship
The 2018 European Korfball B-Championship was held in the Netherlands from 13 to 21 October 2018. Matches were played in Drachten, Gorredijk, Heerenveen and Leeuwarden. It was the first edition where the European Korfball Championship was split into an A-Championship and a B-Championship, with the idea that a certain number of teams will relegate from the A-Championship to the B-Championship after each edition, and a certain number of teams from the B-Championship will be promoted. Whether this will be a direct promotion or relegation, or whether play-offs will need to be played, is yet to be determined. The tournament was originally scheduled to be played by eight teams, but following a late withdrawal by Turkey, only seven teams took part.

The top two finishers qualified for the 2019 IKF World Korfball Championship.

Heerenveen
Heerenveen (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌɦeːrə(ɱ)ˈveːn] ⓘ, West Frisian: It Hearrenfean [ət ˌjɛrn̩ˈfɪən] ⓘ, Stellingwerfs: et Vene) is a town and municipality in the province of Friesland (Fryslân), in the Northern Netherlands. In 2021, the town had a population of 29,790 (1 January) while the municipality had a population of 50,859 (1 July).

The town itself is located southeast of Sneek and southwest of Drachten. Heerenveen is the oldest peat canal village in the Netherlands. Heerenveen is the fourth-largest place in Friesland in terms of population, but is not one of the eleven Frisian cities.

The municipality was formed on 1 July 1934, from parts of former municipalities Aengwirden and Schoterland, and a portion of the municipality of Haskerland. Boarnsterhim also merged into Heerenveen on 1 January 2014.
Trans-Tasman
Trans-Tasman is an adjective used primarily to signify the relationship between Australia and New Zealand. The term refers to the Tasman Sea, which lies between the two countries. For example, trans-Tasman commerce refers to commerce between these two countries.

A trans-Tasman flight is a flight between Australia and New Zealand.

The Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement is an agreement between Australia and New Zealand allowing their citizens free movement between the two countries.

The Trans-Tasman Trophy is a Test cricket trophy.

Hokianga
The Hokianga is an area surrounding the Hokianga Harbour, also known as the Hokianga River, a long estuarine drowned valley on the west coast in the north of the North Island of New Zealand.

The original name, still used by local Māori, is Te Kohanga o Te Tai Tokerau ("the nest of the northern people") or Te Puna o Te Ao Marama ("the wellspring in the world of light"). The full name of the harbour is Te Hokianga-nui-a-Kupe — "the place of Kupe's great return".
Aelay
Aelay is a 2021 Indian Tamil-language comedy drama television film written and directed by Halitha Shameem, and produced by S. Sashikanth and Ramachandra of YNOT Studios while creative produced by Pushkar–Gayathri of Wallwatcher Films. Co-produced by Reliance Entertainment, The film stars Samuthirakani and K. Manikandan, and has music composed by Kaber Vasuki and Aruldev, with cinematography handled by Theni Eswar and editing done by Shameem and Raymond Derrick Crasta respectively.

The film was scheduled for theatrical release on 12 February 2021, but the producers later opted for a direct-to-television premiere through Star Vijay on 28 February 2021 and internationally on Netflix on 5 March 2021.

S. Sashikanth
Shivaji Sashikanth is an Indian film producer, architect, film director, and entrepreneur from Chennai, Tamil Nadu. After studying architecture at university, Sashikanth established the Chennai-based design firm Space Scape in 2002, which became involved in major projects such as the British Council and other residential and corporate building designs. Sashikanth later shifted to film production through the establishment of a production studio, YNOT Studios, and the 2010 release of his first film, Tamizh Padam.

Sashikanth's stated goal has been to see himself as having a creative role; Behindwoods has characterised him as a producer of "gutsy new-wave cinema", while The Hindu acknowledged his films Tamizh Padam, Va and Kadhalil Sodhappuvadhu Yeppadi as being "three of the most creative films.
Peter Schlagenhauf
Peter Schlagenhauf (born March 19, 1960) is a retired Swiss professional ice hockey right winger who last played for GCK Lions in the National League B. He also represented the Swiss national team at several international tournaments, including the 1988 Winter Olympics.

GCK Lions
The Grasshopper Club Küsnacht Lions are a Swiss professional ice hockey team founded in 1932. They are currently playing in the Swiss League (SL), Switzerland's second tier ice hockey division, as the affiliate to the ZSC Lions.

The home arena is KEK Küsnacht (capacity 2,800). The team has won one Swiss Championships, in 1966, as well as two championships in the Swiss second division (National League B), in 1946 and 1963. The name of GCK is derived from "Grasshopper Club Zürich" (GCZ) and "SC Küsnacht" (SCK) — two sports clubs which merged to form GCK.
Leona Maricle
Leona Maricle (December 23, 1905 – March 25, 1988) was an American stage and film actress known for "distinctive characterizations of colorful ladies."

Maricle's parents were Mr. and Mrs. Peter Maricle. She was a graduate of the College of Industrial Arts. Her Broadway debut came in The Trial of Mary Dugan (1927). Her final appearance on Broadway was in Never Too Late (1962).

In the mid-1930s, she and her husband were active in summer stock theatre in Skowhegan, Maine.

Maricle married actor Louis Jean Heydt in New York City in 1928. They divorced in either 1947 or 1948. She did not remarry.

On March 25, 1988, Maricle died of an apparent heart attack in her apartment in Manhattan. Her obituary in The New York Times gave her age as 81.

Summer stock theater
In American theater, summer stock theater is a theater that presents stage productions only in the summer. The name combines the season with the tradition of staging shows by a resident company, reusing stock scenery and costumes. Summer stock theaters frequently take advantage of seasonal weather by having their productions outdoors, under tents set up temporarily for their use, or in barns.

Some smaller theaters still continue this tradition, and a few summer stock theaters have become highly regarded by both patrons as well as performers and designers. Often viewed as a starting point for professional actors, stock casts are typically young, just out of high school or still in college.