hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Capital punishment in Italy
The use of capital punishment in peacetime in Italy has been banned since 1889, with the exception of the period 1926–1947, encompassing the rule of Fascism in Italy under Benito Mussolini (who was himself ultimately summarily executed) and the early restoration of democracy. Before the unification of Italy in 1860, capital punishment was performed in almost all pre-unitarian states, except for Tuscany, where, starting from 1786, it was repeatedly abolished (most recently in 1859) and reintroduced. It is currently prohibited by the Constitution of the Italian Republic with no more exceptions even in times of war.

President of Italy
The  president of Italy, officially titled President of the Italian Republic (Italian: Presidente della Repubblica Italiana), is the head of state of Italy. In that role, the president represents national unity and guarantees that Italian politics comply with the Constitution. The president is the commander-in-chief of the Italian Armed Forces and chairs the High Council of the Judiciary. The president serves a seven-year term, with no term limits. The incumbent president is former constitutional judge Sergio Mattarella, who was elected on 31 January 2015, and re-elected on 29 January 2022.
Konrad Baumgarten
Konrad Baumgarten or Conrad von Baumgarten is a hero of the Swiss liberation legend and, according to Friedrich Schiller's play William Tell, oath-taker at the famous Rütli-oath of 1 August 1291 forming the Old Swiss Confederacy. There, Baumgarten was acting in his function as one of the representatives of Unterwalden, together with the somewhat younger Arnold von Melchthal. Baumgarten was a free and wealthy man who had killed, in his own residence, the local Habsburg sheriff Wolfenschiessen with an axe in defence of his wife Itta Baumgarten against the sheriff's trespass and inappropriate attempts to approach her. With the assistance of William Tell, Baumgarten managed to escape from the sheriff's warriors and to flee to Werner Stauffacher on the other side of Lake Lucerne.

Werner Stauffacher
Werner Stauffacher was supposedly the name of the representative of the canton of Schwyz, one of the three founding cantons at the legendary Rütlischwur of 1291, as told by Aegidius Tschudi.

Many members of the Stauffacher family held the office of Landammann of Schwyz during the 13th and 14th century, most notably among them a certain Werner Stauffacher, leader of the Confederate troops at the Battle of Morgarten. According to legend, his wife was Gertrud Stauffacher.

In Zürich, a tram stop (Stauffacher), a street, a bridge and a quai are named for Stauffacher. In December 2003, the city renamed a square from "Stauffacherplatz" to Ernst-Nobs-Platz, as it was confused with the tram stop. In other Swiss towns, there are "Stauffacherstrasse" (Arbon, Bätterkinden, Bern, Emmenbrücke, Schaffhausen, St. Gallen), "Via Stauffacher" (Lugano), "Im Stauffacher" (Bennau) or a "Stauffacherweg" (Lucerne, Solothurn, Zuchwil).
Arnis, Germany
Arnis (German: [ˈaʁnɪs] ⓘ; Danish: Arnæs) is the smallest town in Germany both by population and by area. At a population of c. 300 and a total area of 0.45 km2, Arnis  is part of the Amt Kappeln-Land in the district of Schleswig-Flensburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It was founded in 1667 by shipping families from the nearby village Kappeln who wanted to avoid serfdom. The local Skipper's Church was erected in 1673.  Originally Arnis was a skipper town with up to 90 sailing-ships (1864). In the late 20th century four shipyards were the basis of its economy. Today Arnis is a tourism showplace.

Schleswig-Flensburg
Schleswig-Flensburg (German pronunciation: [ˈʃleːsvɪç ˈflɛnsbʊʁk] ⓘ; Danish: Slesvig-Flensborg) is a district in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is bounded by (from the south and clockwise) the districts of Rendsburg-Eckernförde, Dithmarschen and Nordfriesland, the Region Syddanmark in Denmark, the city of Flensburg and the Baltic Sea.
1984 in video games
1984 saw many sequels and prequels along with new titles such as 1942, Boulder Dash, Cobra Command, Jet Set Willy, Karate Champ, Kung-Fu Master, Yie Ar Kung-Fu and Punch-Out!! The year's highest-grossing arcade video games were Pole Position in the United States, for the second year in a row, and Track & Field in the United Kingdom. The year's best-selling home system was Nintendo's Family Computer (Famicom), which was only sold in Japan at the time.

IBM PCjr
The IBM PCjr (pronounced "PC junior") was a home computer produced and marketed by IBM from March 1984 to May 1985, intended as a lower-cost variant of the IBM PC with hardware capabilities better suited for video games, in order to compete more directly with other home computers such as the Apple II and Commodore 64.

It retained the IBM PC's 8088 CPU and BIOS interface, but provided enhanced graphics and sound, ROM cartridge slots, built-in joystick ports, and an infrared wireless keyboard. The PCjr supported expansion via "sidecar" modules, which could be attached to the side of the unit.

Despite widespread anticipation, the PCjr was ultimately unsuccessful in the market. It was only partially IBM PC compatible, limiting support for IBM's software library. Its chiclet keyboard was widely criticized for its poor quality. The PCjr also suffered from limited expandability; it was initially offered with a maximum of 128 KB of RAM, insufficient for many PC programs.
Four Pawns Attack
The Four Pawns Attack can refer to a variety of different chess openings, including:

King's Indian Defence, Four Pawns Attack

the Four Pawns Attack in Alekhine's Defence

the Four Pawns Attack in the Modern Benoni

Alekhine's Defence
Alekhine's Defence is a chess opening that begins with the moves:

1. e4 Nf6

Black tempts White's pawns forward to form a broad pawn centre, with plans to undermine and attack the white structure later in the spirit of hypermodern defence. Grandmaster Nick de Firmian observes of Alekhine's Defence in MCO-15 (2008), "The game immediately loses any sense of symmetry or balance, which makes the opening a good choice for aggressive fighting players."
39th Japan Academy Film Prize
The 39th Japan Academy Film Prize (第39回日本アカデミー賞) is the 39th edition of the Japan Academy Film Prize, an award presented by the Nippon Academy-Sho Association to award excellence in filmmaking. It awarded the best films of 2015 and it took place on March 4, 2016 at the Grand Prince Hotel New Takanawa in Tokyo, Japan.

Japan Academy Film Prize
The Japan Academy Film Prize (日本アカデミー賞, Nippon Akademii-shou), often called the Japan Academy Prize, the Japan Academy Awards, and the Japanese Academy Awards, is a series of awards given annually since 1978 by the Japan Academy Film Prize Association (日本アカデミー賞協会, Nippon Akademii-shou Kyoukai) for excellence in Japanese film. Award categories are similar to the Academy Awards.
Reb River
The Reb (also transliterated as Rib; Amharic "bottom, buttocks") is a river of north-central Ethiopia which empties into Lake Tana in a small delta. The river originates on the slopes of Mount Guna, and flows west through Kemekem woreda. It has no significant tributaries.

Mount Guna
Mount Guna (Amharic: ጉና ተራራ, Guna Terara) is a mountain and shield volcano located near the cities of Nefas Mewcha and Debre Tabor, in the northern Amhara Region of Ethiopia. It is the highest point in the South Gondar Zone, with an elevation of 4,120 metres (13,517 ft) above sea level.

Mount Guna forms part of the divide between the drainage basins of the Abay and the Tekezé rivers. It is the origin of the Gumara, Rib, and other rivers, which flow into Lake Tana and Yikalo, Mebela, Goleye and other rivers, which flow into the Tekezé river.

africa portal
Lawton's Mill
Lawton's Mill (also known as the Albro Mill) is a historic mill located on Ten Rod Road in Exeter, Rhode Island.  The mill property includes an 18th-century house, an early 19th-century wood-frame mill building, and a 19th-century barn with early 20th-century additions.  Also surviving from the period of the mill's activity are dams and waterways associated with it, including a dam and raceway extending several hundred feet north of the mill building.  The mill building, which was built c. 1820, is one of a very small number of mill buildings to survive from the period in Rhode Island.

The mill was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 27, 1980.

Rhode Island Route 102
Route 102 is a 44.4-mile-long (71.5 km) numbered state highway in the U.S. state of Rhode Island. Route 102 serves as a non-freeway beltway around the Providence metro area. It begins in the village of Wickford and travels through less developed areas of western Rhode Island. The route ends in the village of Slatersville.

Route 102 is one of the longer Rhode Island state highways, and is longer than the portion of Interstate 95 that runs through the state (43.5 miles).
Madahil
Madahil (Arabic: مداحل) was a Palestinian Arab village in the Safad Subdistrict. It was depopulated during the 1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine on April 30, 1948, by the Palmach's First Battalion of Operation Yiftach. It was located 30 km northeast of Safad in a flat area on the northeastern edge of the al-Hula Plain, about 1 km east of Wadi Banyas.

Rosemarie Esber
Rosemarie M. Esber is a researcher and writer with degrees from the University of London and Johns Hopkins University with a background in the history, culture, and economy of the Middle East and North Africa. Her published work is centered on Arab oral history. She has served as a consultant to the United Nations, the World Bank, and the International Finance Corporation.
Anthony Cashmore
Anthony R. Cashmore (born 22 January 1941) is a New Zealand biochemist and plant molecular biologist, best known for identifying cryptochrome photoreceptor proteins.  These specialized proteins are critical for plant development and play an essential role in circadian rhythms of plants and animals. A Professor emeritus in the Department of Biology at the University of Pennsylvania, Cashmore led the Plant Science Institute from the time of his appointment in 1986 until his retirement in 2011. He was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 2003.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (often abbreviated PNAS or PNAS USA) is a peer-reviewed multidisciplinary scientific journal. It is the official journal of the National Academy of Sciences, published since 1915, and publishes original research, scientific reviews, commentaries, and letters. According to Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2024 impact factor of 8.9. PNAS is the second most cited scientific journal, with more than 1.9 million cumulative citations from 2008 to 2018. In the past, PNAS has been described by US local newspapers as "prestigious", "renowned" and "high impact".

PNAS is a delayed open-access journal, with an embargo period of six months that can be bypassed for an author fee (hybrid open access). Since September 2017, open access articles are published under a Creative Commons license. Since January 2019, PNAS has been online-only, although print issues are available on demand.
Führerbau
The Führerbau ("the Führer's building") is a historically significant building at Arcisstrasse 12 in Maxvorstadt, Munich. It was built between 1933 and 1937, during the Nazi period, and used extensively by Adolf Hitler. Unlike many other buildings associated with the Nazis, it still stands today and currently houses the University of Music and Performing Arts Munich (German: Hochschule für Musik und Theater München).

Maxvorstadt
Maxvorstadt (German pronunciation: [ˈmaksˌfoːɐ̯ʃtat] ⓘ; Central Bavarian: Maxvorstod) is a central borough of Munich, Bavaria, Germany and forms the Stadtbezirk (borough) 3 Maxvorstadt. Since 1992, this borough comprises the former boroughs 5, 6 and 7 (Maxvorstadt-Universität, Maxvorstadt-Königsplatz-Marsfeld and Maxvorstadt-Josephsplatz).
Types of swords
This is a list of types of swords. The term sword used here is a narrow definition. This is not a general List of premodern combat weapons and does not include the machete, macuahuitl or similar "sword-like" weapons.

Machete
A machete (/məˈʃɛti/; Spanish pronunciation: [maˈtʃete]) is a broad blade originating from Central America. It is used either as an agricultural implement similar to an axe, or in combat like a long-bladed knife. The blade is typically 30 to 66 centimetres (12 to 26 in) long and usually under 3 millimetres (1⁄8 in) thick. In the Spanish language, the word is possibly a diminutive form of the word macho, which was used to refer to sledgehammers. Alternatively, its origin may be machaera, the name given by the Greeks and Romans to the falcata. It is the origin of the English language  equivalent term matchet, though this is rarely used. In much of the English-speaking Caribbean, such as Jamaica, Barbados, Guyana, Grenada, and Trinidad and Tobago, the term cutlass is used for these agricultural tools.
2026 in Misfits Boxing
2026 in Misfits Boxing is the fifth year in the history of Misfits Boxing, a crossover boxing promotion founded by English YouTuber KSI and run by Mams Taylor, Kalle Sauerland, and Nisse Sauerland.

2026 sees the debut of Misfits Boxing's professional boxing division 'MF Pro.'

Mams Taylor
Mams Taylor is an English boxing promoter, talent manager, and former musician. He is most known for being KSI's talent manager, as well as being the president of Proper Loud and the co-president of Misfits Boxing.
Ion Caramitru
Ion Horia Leonida Caramitru (Romanian pronunciation: [iˈon karaˈmitru]; 9 March 1942 – 5 September 2021) was a Romanian stage and film actor, stage director, and political figure. He was Minister of Culture between 1996 and 2000, in the Romanian Democratic Convention (CDR) cabinets of Victor Ciorbea, Gavril Dejeu, Radu Vasile, Alexandru Athanasiu, and Mugur Isărescu. He was married to actress Micaela Caracaș and had three sons: Ștefan, Andrei, and Matei Caramitru. He was a relevant figure of the Aromanian community of Romania.

Gavril Dejeu
Gavril Dejeu (Romanian pronunciation: [ɡaˈvril deˈʒew]; born 11 September 1932) is a Romanian politician who served as Minister of Interior in Victor Ciorbea's cabinet. He was also acting (or ad interim) Prime Minister of Romania from 30 March to 17 April 1998.

Born in Poieni, Cluj County, Kingdom of Romania, he graduated from Babeș-Bolyai University (UBB) in Law. Dejeu subsequently joined the Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party (PNȚCD) in 1989, in the wake of the Romanian Revolution, serving in the Chamber of Deputies from 1992 to 2000. He and his wife Elena have one daughter, Flavia Vlad.

He is one of the few former MPs and former high ranking political office holders in Romania who gave up his special pension.
Scorn Not His Simplicity
"Scorn Not His Simplicity" is a song written by the Irish musician and songwriter Phil Coulter and performed on his albums Classic Tranquility and The Songs I Love So Well.

The song has also been performed by several Irish musicians, including Luke Kelly, Sinéad O'Connor, Paddy Reilly, The Dubliners, Sonny Knowles, The Irish Tenors, Celtic Thunder, Paul Byrom, George Donaldson, Mike Denver.

Paddy Reilly
Patrick Reilly (born 18 October 1939) is an Irish folk singer and guitarist. Born in Rathcoole, County Dublin, he is one of Ireland's most famous balladeers and is best known for his renditions of "The Fields of Athenry", "Rose of Allendale" and "The Town I Loved So Well". Reilly released his version of "The Fields of Athenry" as a single in 1983; it was the most successful version of this song, remaining in the Irish charts for 72 weeks. He achieved number 1 in Ireland with the Liam Reilly (no relation) written song "Flight of Earls" in 1988.

For years a solo performer, he joined The Dubliners in 1996 as a replacement for long-time member Ronnie Drew. He left the group after nine years to move to New York City (where he owns a number of pubs) in 2005 and was replaced by Patsy Watchorn. After living in New York for several years he moved back to Ireland.
Sejling
Sejling is a village, with a population of 555 (1 January 2025), in Silkeborg Municipality, Central Denmark Region in Denmark. It is located 11 km southeast of Kjellerup and 6 km northwest of Silkeborg.

Sejling Church is located in the village.

Silkeborg
Silkeborg (Danish: [ˈse̝lkəˌpɒˀ]) is a Danish town with a population of 52,571 (1 January 2025). Silkeborg is the seat of Silkeborg Municipality, with a population of 101,574 as of 2025.

Silkeborg is located in the middle of the Jutlandic peninsula, slightly west of the geographical centre of Denmark. The city is situated on the Gudenå River in the hilly and lush landscape of Søhøjlandet, surrounded by Denmark's largest forest district and a great number of lakes. Silkeborg is also known as Denmark's outdoor capital. The lakes between Silkeborg and Ry that are linked by the Gudenå, are known collectively as Silkeborgsøerne (the Silkeborg lakes).
The city is divided along an east–west axis by the lake of Silkeborg Langsø, which at the eastern side of the city, flows into the Gudenå River.
Ram Dhani Das
Ram Dhani Das (17 January 1925 — 12 June 2000) was an Indian politician who was a member of the First to Fourth Lok Sabhas from 1952 to 1970, representing Nawada and Gaya Parliamentary Constituencies of Bihar.

1st Lok Sabha
The First Lok Sabha was constituted on 17 April 1952 after India's first general election. The 1st Lok Sabha lasted its full tenure of five years and was dissolved on 4 April 1957. The First Session of this Lok Sabha commenced on 13 May 1952.

Total Lok Sabha seats were 489 and total eligible voters were 17.3 crores. The Indian National Congress (INC) won 364 seats. They were followed by Independents, winning a total of 37 seats. The Communist Party of India (CPI) and the Socialist Party (India) followed with 16 and 12 seats respectively. Indian National Congress got 45% of the total votes in this election and won 76% of the 479 contested seats.
Bare-faced curassow
The bare-faced curassow (Crax fasciolata) is a species of bird in the family Cracidae, the chachalacas, guans, curassows, etc. It is found in Brazil, Paraguay, and eastern Bolivia, and extreme northeast Argentina, in the cerrado, pantanal, and the southeastern region of the Amazon basin. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forest and subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest.

Curassow
Curassows are one of the three major groups of cracid birds. They are the largest-bodied species of the cracid family. Three of the four genera are restricted to tropical South America; a single species of Crax ranges north to Mexico. They form a distinct clade which is usually classified as the subfamily Cracinae.
2021 Mutua Madrid Open – Women's singles
Aryna Sabalenka defeated Ashleigh Barty in the final, 6–0, 3–6, 6–4 to win the women's singles tennis title at the 2021 Madrid Open. It was her tenth career WTA Tour singles title, and her first on clay.

Kiki Bertens was the defending champion from when the tournament was last held in 2019, but lost in the second round to Veronika Kudermetova.

Paula Badosa became the first Spaniard in the tournament's history to reach the semifinals.

2021 Mutua Madrid Open
The 2021 Madrid Open (sponsored by Mutua) was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Park Manzanares in Madrid, Spain from 29 April – 9 May 2021. It was the 19th edition of the tournament on the ATP Tour and 12th on the WTA Tour. It was classified as an ATP Tour Masters 1000 event on the 2021 ATP Tour and a WTA 1000 event on the 2021 WTA Tour.

The tournament's 2020 edition, which was originally scheduled for 1 to 10 May 2020, and that was later rescheduled to 12 to 20 September 2020 was effectively cancelled on 4 August 2020 after an onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain.

Ion Țiriac, the event owner, eventually sold the tournament at the end of the year to IMG for approximately $283 Million.
Diocese of Ubon Ratchathani
The Diocese of Ubon Ratchathani (Dioecesis Ubonratchathaniensis, Thai: สังฆมณฑลอุบลราชธานี) is a Latin Catholic ecclesiastical jurisdiction located in north-east Thailand. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Thare and Nonseng.

The diocese covers an area of 53,917 square kilometres (20,817 sq mi), covering seven provinces of Thailand - Amnat Charoen, Maha Sarakham, Roi Et, Sisaket, Surin, Ubon Ratchathani and Yasothon. In 2001, of the 7.7 million citizens, 24,760 were members of the Catholic Church. It is divided into 55 parishes, with 42 priests altogether.

Roi Et province
Roi Et (Thai: ร้อยเอ็ด, pronounced [rɔ́ːj ʔèt]; Northeastern Thai: ร้อยเอ็ด, pronounced [lɔ᷆ːj ʔět]) is one of Thailand's seventy-six provinces (changwat) lies in central northeastern Thailand also called Isan. Neighboring provinces are (from north clockwise) Kalasin, Mukdahan, Yasothon, Sisaket, Surin, and Maha Sarakham.
2015 Africa Cup of Nations knockout stage
The knockout stage of the 2015 Africa Cup of Nations was the second and final stage of the competition, following the group stage. It began on 31 January with the round of 16 and ended on 8 February 2015 with the final held at the Estadio de Bata in Bata. A total of 8 teams (the top two teams from each group) advanced to the knockout stage to compete in a single-elimination style tournament.

All match times are local, WAT (UTC+1).

Estadio de Bata
Estadio de Bata is a multi-use stadium in Bata, Equatorial Guinea.  The stadium was built by the Chinese contractor Covec. It was completed in 2007 with a capacity of 22,000 people in a single tier pre-cast concrete structure.  It was a venue for the 2008 Women's African Football Championship. It was expanded in 2011 with a new steel substructure upper tier to a 35,000 capacity as one of the host stadiums for the 2012 Africa Cup of Nations including the opening ceremony and semi-final matches.  The stadium is located about 5 kilometers from the coast and adjacent to a sport complex currently under construction which features an indoor sports hall, covered swimming pool, hotel and most main sporting codes. Bata Stadium is the largest stadium in Equatorial Guinea's largest city.
Sam Klebanov
Sam Klebanov (Russian: Сэм Клебанов, current name Samuel Klebanov (Russian: Самуил Яковлевич Клебанов); born April 14, 1965, Leningrad) is a Russian and Swedish film industry executive, film distributor, producer and TV host. In film business since 1996. In the early 2000s his company Cinema without Borders was the leading force of arthouse film distribution in Russia, in 2015 he also co-founded a Moscow-based distribution outfit Arthouse. Between 2001 and 2008, he was the author and host of the weekly show  Magic of Cinema  on the national TV channel Russia-K.

Ruben Östlund
Ruben Östlund (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈrʉːbɛn ˈœstlɵnd]) (born 14 April 1974) is a Swedish filmmaker best known for his satirical black comedy films Force Majeure (2014), The Square (2017) and Triangle of Sadness (2022). He is the recipient of various accolades, including two Palmes d'Or, four European Film Awards and nominations for three Academy Awards.