hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Certosa di San Giacomo
The Charterhouse of St. James (Italian: Certosa di San Giacomo) was a Carthusian charterhouse founded in 1363 by Giacomo Arcucci on the island of Capri, in southern Italy. It is now a museum and is used for cultural events.

The buildings that formed the charterhouse have three main areas: the pharmacy and women's church, the buildings for monks, and those for guests. The Great Cloister (Chiostro Grande) is of a late Renaissance design, while the Small Cloister  (Chiostro Piccolo) features Roman marble columns.

Charterhouse (monastery)
A charterhouse (French: chartreuse; German: Kartause; Italian: certosa; Portuguese: cartuxa; Spanish: cartuja) is a monastery of Carthusian monks. The English word is derived by phono-semantic matching from the French word chartreuse  and it is therefore sometimes misunderstood to indicate that the houses were created by charter, a grant of legal rights by a high authority.

The actual namesake is instead the first monastery of the order, the Grande Chartreuse, which St Bruno of Cologne established in a valley of the Chartreuse Mountains in 1084.

The London Charterhouse was the first English site to which this English version of the word was applied.
Piet Ouborg
Piet or Pieter Ouborg (10 March 1893, in Dordrecht – 3 June 1956, in The Hague) was a Dutch artist. He started out in life as a teacher; this profession was threatened with interruption by the outbreak of World War I when Ouborg was liable to enlistment. He managed to evade military service by taking up a teaching position in the Dutch East Indies. While there, Ouborg took up drawing and painting. Returning to the Netherlands after the war, Ouborg found himself drawn to the work of Vincent van Gogh. In 1923 he began to experiment with painting in the Cubist style. In 1931, Ouborg visited Brussels and found himself drawn towards surrealism. During World War II and its immediate aftermath, Ouborg was drawn increasingly into the circle of the COBRA (avant-garde movement) and its members such as Karel Appel and Corneille.

Dordrecht
Dordrecht (Dutch: [ˈdɔrdrɛxt] ⓘ), historically known in English as Dordt (still colloquially used in Dutch, pronounced [dɔrt] ⓘ) or Dort, is a city and municipality in the Western Netherlands, located in the province of South Holland. It is the province's fifth-largest city after Rotterdam, The Hague, Leiden, and Zoetermeer, with a population of 123,000 (2025).

The municipality covers the entire Dordrecht Island, also often called Het Eiland van Dordt ("the Island of Dordt"), bordered by the rivers Oude Maas, Beneden Merwede, Nieuwe Merwede, Hollands Diep, and Dordtsche Kil. Dordrecht is the largest and most important city in the Drechtsteden and is also part of the Randstad, the main conurbation in the Netherlands.

Dordrecht is the oldest city in Holland and has a rich history and culture.
Daya Dissanayake
Daya Dissanayake (born 8 March 1947) is a bilingual Sri Lankan novelist, poet and blogger. His work spans a critical study of king Ashoka, nine novels in English, six novels in Sinhala and a collection of poems, and numerous articles in newspapers, journals and magazines. He is the author of the first e-novel in Asia, 'The Saadhu Testament' (1998), and the first e-novel in Sinhala, 'Vessan Novu Wedun' (2003). His first nonfiction work is "Who is Ashoka?" He is the only Sri Lankan writer to receive the Sri Lankan State Literary Award for the best English novel three times and was awarded the SAARC Literary Award in 2013. Being the first Sri Lankan to release his work online and for free access, he is often seen as one of Sri Lanka's earliest and most vocal advocates for the ebook format, copyleft and Creative Commons.

SAARC Literary Award
SAARC Literary Award is an annual award conferred by the Foundation of SAARC Writers and Literature (FOSWAL) since 2001 Shamshur Rahman, Mahasweta Devi, Jayanta Mahapatra,  Abhi Subedi, Mark Tully, Sitakant Mahapatra,Nayyara Rahman Uday Prakash, Suman Pokhrel, and Abhay K have been some of the recipients of this award.
Nepali poet, lyricist, and translator Suman Pokhrel is only writer to have been given this award twice.
Cherenkov radiation
Cherenkov radiation (/tʃəˈrɛŋkɒf/) is an electromagnetic radiation emitted when a charged particle (such as an electron) passes through a dielectric medium (such as distilled water) at a speed greater than the phase velocity (speed of propagation of a wavefront in a medium) of light in that medium.  A classic example of Cherenkov radiation is the characteristic blue glow of an underwater nuclear reactor. Its cause is similar to the cause of a sonic boom, the sharp sound heard when faster-than-sound movement occurs. The phenomenon is named after Soviet physicist Pavel Cherenkov.

Distilled water
Distilled water is water that has been purified by boiling it into vapor and condensing the vapor back into liquid in a separate container.
Any impurities in the original water, such as non-volatile or mineral components, that do not boil below or near the boiling point of water remain in the original container.
For example, water escaping as steam from a boiler of heating system or steam engine, leaves behind any dissolved materials, which leads to mineral deposits known as boiler scale.

In general, non-purified water can leave behind mineral deposits, or could cause or interfere with chemical reactions.
Distillation is a method for removing impurities from water and other fluids.
Distilled water has not been proven to be healthier for drinking than hard water.
Du Zheheng
Du Zheheng (Chinese: 杜者蘅) (1910–1975) was a People's Republic of China politician. He was born in Kaiyuan, Liaoning. In 1936, after attending Northeastern University, he went to Xi'an to participate in the Xi'an Incident. In 1937, he joined the Chinese Communist Party. During the Second Sino-Japanese War, he was a member of the Eighth Route Army, active in Hebei, Shanxi, Shandong and Henan Provinces. He was Secretary of Liaobei Province and vice-chairman of Liaodong (also called Andong Province). In 1950, he joined the People's Volunteer Army in the Korean War. Upon his return to China, he was agricultural minister for the Northeast Greater Administrative Area. In 1954, upon the dissolution of the greater administrative areas, he was made the 1st governor of his home province.

People's Volunteer Army
The People's Volunteer Army (PVA), officially the Chinese People's Volunteers (CPV), was the armed expeditionary forces deployed by the People's Republic of China during the Korean War. Although all units in the PVA were actually transferred from the People's Liberation Army (PLA) under the orders of Chairman Mao Zedong, the PVA was separately constituted in order to prevent an official war with the United States. The PVA entered Korea on 19 October 1950 and completely withdrew by October 1958. The nominal commander and political commissar of the PVA was Peng Dehuai before the ceasefire agreement in 1953, although both Chen Geng and Deng Hua served as the acting commander and commissar after April 1952 following Peng's illness. The initial (25 October – 5 November 1950) units in the PVA included 38th, 39th, 40th, 42nd, 50th, 66th Corps; totalling 250,000 men. About 3 million Chinese civilian and military personnel had served in Korea throughout the war.
Chandra Mohan Rai
Chandra Mohan Rai   is a leader of Bharatiya Janata Party from Bihar. He is a former cabinet minister. Rai was a member of Bihar Legislative Assembly . Rai fought his first election in 1967 on the Jan Sangh ticket. Later in 1977 he fought the Ramnagar constituency on the ticket of Janta Party and lost to Arjun Vikram Shah. Rai won Ramnagar constituency from BJP in 1990. Rai was part of cabinet of first and second NDA government in Bihar led by Nitish Kumar. He resigned from active politics from 2015.

Bihar Legislative Assembly
The Bihar Legislative Assembly (ISO: Bihār Vidhān Sabhā), is the lower house of the bicameral Bihar Legislature of the state of Bihar in India. The first state elections were held in 1952.

Before the partition of Bihar, the total strength of membership in the assembly was 331, including one nominated member. After the partition, the seats were reduced to 243 members. Shri Krishna Singh became the first leader of the House and the first chief minister, Anugrah Narayan Singh was elected as the first deputy leader of the house and the first deputy chief minister.
Margaret Hoover
Margaret Claire Hoover (born December 11, 1977) is an American political commentator, political strategist, journalist, media personality, author, and great-granddaughter of Herbert Hoover, the 31st U.S. president. She is author of the book American Individualism: How a New Generation of Conservatives Can Save the Republican Party, published by Crown Forum in 2011. Hoover hosts PBS's reboot of the conservative interview show Firing Line.

Crown Publishing Group
The Crown Publishing Group is a subsidiary of Penguin Random House that publishes across several fiction and non-fiction categories. Originally founded in 1933 as a remaindered books wholesaler called Outlet Book Company, the firm expanded into publishing original content in 1936 under the Crown name, and was acquired by Random House in 1988. Under Random House's ownership, the Crown Publishing Group was operated as an independent division until 2018, when it was merged with the rest of Random House's adult programs.
I've Got Five Dollars
"I've Got Five Dollars" is a 1931 popular song composed by Richard Rodgers, with lyrics by Lorenz Hart for the musical America's Sweetheart (1931) where it was introduced by Harriette Lake (aka Ann Sothern) and Jack Whiting.

Popular recordings in 1931 were by Ben Pollack (recorded March 2, 1931 for Perfect Records, No. 15431) and by Emil Coleman & his Orchestra (recorded January 23, 1931, Brunswick 6036) with Smith Ballew, vocal refrain.

Note that this is a different song than the country and western song titled "I've Got Five Dollars and It's Saturday Night" written by Ted Daffan.

Ted Daffan
Theron Eugene "Ted" Daffan (September 21, 1912 – October 6, 1996) was an American country musician noted for composing the seminal "Truck Driver's Blues" and two much−covered country anthems of unrequited love, "Born to Lose" and "I'm a Fool to Care".
Umka and Bronevik
Umka and Bronevik (Russian: Умка и Броневик, "Umka and the Armoured Car"), sometimes abbreviated as Umka & Bro, is a Russian band playing in the American and British guitar rock styles of 1960-1970s, ranging from classic rhythm-and-blues to psychedelic.

The present band members are:

Anna Gerasimova ("Umka"), lead singer, songwriter

Boris Kanunnikov, lead guitar

Mikhail Trofimenko, bass guitar

Boris Markov, drums

Igor Oistrakh, harp

Umka's songs and the Bronevik music are influenced by Grateful Dead, Iggy Pop, Bob Dylan, Jack Kerouac, as well as Russian Silver Age poets: Daniil Kharms, Osip Mandelshtam, Alexander Vvedensky.

Daniil Kharms
Daniil Ivanovich Kharms (Russian: Дании́л Ива́нович Хармс; 30 December [O.S. 17 December] 1905 – 2 February 1942) was a Russian avant-gardist and absurdist poet, writer and dramatist in the early Soviet era.
Sahara Solar Breeder Project
The Sahara Solar Breeder Project is a joint Japanese–Algerian universities plan to use the abundant solar energy and sand in the Sahara desert to build silicon manufacturing plants, and solar power plants, in a way that their products are used in a "breeding" manner to build more and more such plants. The project's declared goal is to provide 50% of the world’s electricity by 2050, using superconductors to deliver the power to distant locations.

The project was first proposed by Hideomi Koinuma from the Science Council of Japan, at the 2009 G8+5 Academies' Meeting in Rome.

G8+5
The Group of Eight + Five (G8+5) was an international group that consisted of the leaders of the heads of government from the G8 nations (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States), plus the heads of government of the five leading emerging economies (Brazil, China, India, Mexico, and South Africa). In March 2014, Russia was removed from the Group of 8 for annexing Crimea, so the G8+5 in its original form is unlikely to reconvene with Russia present.
Marchegg
Marchegg (Austrian German: [marˈçɛɡ]; Czech: Marchek; Croatian: Muriek or Marhek; Slovak: Marchek) is a border town in the district of Gänserndorf in the state of Lower Austria in north-eastern Austria. it is situated on the Morava River on the border with Slovakia. The town is connected to Vysoká pri Morave via a bike bridge. The town was founded by King Ottokar II of Bohemia in 1268.

Local landmarks include the Baroque Marchegg Castle, the Gothic-Baroque Saint Margaret church, and partially preserved medieval town walls.

Vysoká pri Morave
Vysoká pri Morave (German: Hochstädten / Hochstetten; Hungarian: Nagymagasfalu) is a village north of Bratislava, the capital city of Slovakia. It is situated in the Malacky District, Bratislava Region on the border to Austria.
Christopher Roper (MP)
Christopher Roper (1508/09–1558/59), of Lynsted, Kent, was an English politician.

He was a Member of Parliament (MP) for Rochester in  March 1553. He was the father of John Roper, who was raised to the peerage as the first Baron Teynham.

Lynsted
Lynsted is a village in Lynsted with Kingsdown civil parish in the Swale borough of Kent, England. The village is situated south of the A2 road between Faversham and Sittingbourne and the nearest M2 junction is Faversham three miles east.  Lynsted is in many respects an archetypal old English village with church, churchyard with an ancient yew, pub (the Black Lion) and a duck pond. The village is locally referred to as Lovely, Lovely Lynsted and various songs have been written about it.
1989 United States Grand Prix
The 1989 United States Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held in Phoenix, Arizona on June 4, 1989. It was the fifth race of the 1989 Formula One World Championship and the first United States Grand Prix to be held in Phoenix.

Stefano Modena
Stefano Modena (born 12 May 1963) is an Italian former racing driver who competed in Formula One from 1987 to 1992.

Born and raised in Modena, Modena began his career in kart racing. After winning the junior World Cup in 1978, as well as back-to-back senior European Championships in 1983 and 1984, Modena progressed to Italian Formula Three in 1985. Following several race victories the next season—and taking pole position at the Macau Grand Prix—Modena moved to International Formula 3000 in 1987, winning the championship in his debut season.

Modena participated in 81 Formula One Grands Prix for Brabham, EuroBrun, Tyrrell, Jordan, debuting at the 1987 Australian Grand Prix. He achieved two podiums and 17 championship points across six seasons.
Ouakpé-Daho
Ouakpé-Daho is a town and arrondissement in the Atlantique Department of southern Benin. It is an administrative division under the jurisdiction of the commune of Ouidah. According to the population census conducted by the Institut National de la Statistique Benin on February 15, 2002, the arrondissement had a total population of 2941.

Institut national de la statistique et de l'analyse économique
The Institut national de la statistique et de l'analyse économique (INSAE) is a national institute of Benin, which is dedicated to collecting data in the country. It collects data on demographics, population, climatology, education,  employment, etc.
Regi Van Acker
Regi Van Acker (born 25 April 1955 in Beveren, Belgium) is a Belgian footballer and coach who is the manager of SW Bregenz.

He is known for his career as a football technician. He has coached KV Courtrai, Royal Antwerp F.C. twice, Casino SW Bregenz (Austrian Football Bundesliga), K Lierse SK and KV Red Star Waasland.

He won promotion with Dender in the 2021–22 season. In April 2024, he became the head coach of Austrian side Schwarz-Weiß Bregenz.

F.C.V. Dender E.H.
Football Club Verbroedering Dender Eendracht Hekelgem, also simply known as Dender or F.C.V. Dender, is a Belgian professional football club based in Denderleeuw. The club plays the 2025–26 season in the Belgian top division, the Pro League, after winning two promotions in three seasons. They rose to the top flight in the 2023–24 season by finishing 2nd in the Challenger Pro League that season.

The club is named after former clubs KFC Denderleeuw Eendracht Hekelgem and Verbroedering Denderhoutem, which merged at the end of the 2004–05 season, and after the river Dender, which crosses the town of Denderleeuw. The home stadium of the club is Florent Beeckmanstadion, located in Denderleeuw. Their best league ranking was 12th place in the first division (in 2024–25). The club colours are blue, red, white and black.
Måns Nilsson Kling
Måns Nilsson Kling or Mauno Kling was a Swedish military officer who was the second governor of New Sweden, the 17th century colony in America, which he administrated from Fort Christina (now Wilmington, Delaware, United States).

Fort Christina
Fort Christina, also called Fort Altena, was the first Swedish settlement in North America and the principal settlement of the New Sweden colony. Built in 1638 and named after Christina, Queen of Sweden, it was located approximately 1 mi (1.6 km) east of the present-day downtown Wilmington, Delaware, at the confluence of the Brandywine River and the Christina River, approximately 2 mi (3 km) upstream from the mouth of the Christina on the Delaware River.
Microbaltoceras
Microbaltoceras is an extinct genus of the cephalopod family Baltoceratidae that lived in what would be North America during the Early Ordovician.  It was named by Rousseau Flower (1964) and assigned by him to the Baltoceratidae.   The type species is Microbaltoceras minore which was found in the Threadgill Member of the Tanyard Formation in Gillespie County, Texas, USA.

The shell of Microbaltoceras is straight (orthconic) and tiny, with the siphuncle in narrow contact with the inner ventral surface. Its inclusion in the Baltoceratidae rather than in the Ellesmeroceratidae is based in large part on the lack of observable diaphragms in the siphuncle. The holotype of Microbaltoceras minore is only 10mm long, essentially all phragmocone.

Siphuncle
The siphuncle is a strand of tissue passing longitudinally through the shell of a cephalopod mollusc. Only cephalopods with chambered shells have siphuncles, such as the extinct ammonites and belemnites, and the living nautiluses, cuttlefish, and Spirula. In the case of the cuttlefish, the siphuncle is indistinct and connects all the small chambers of that animal's highly modified shell; in the other cephalopods it is thread-like and passes through small openings in the septa (walls) dividing the camerae (chambers). Some older studies have used the term siphon for the siphuncle, though this naming convention is uncommon in modern studies to prevent confusion with a mollusc organ of the same name.
Linda Connor
Linda Connor (born in New York, November 18, 1944) is an American photographer living in San Francisco, California. She is known for her landscape photography.

She has photographed in a multitude of countries throughout her career including, but not limited to, India, Mexico, Thailand, Ireland, Peru, and Nepal. Connor was a professor for the photography department at the San Francisco Art Institute, where she had taught since 1969. From 1985 to 1999 she also served as a board member for Friends of Photography. That same year, Connor then became founder & president of PhotoAlliance.

Petroglyph
A petroglyph is an image created by removing part of a rock surface by incising, picking, carving, or abrading, as a form of rock art. The term generally refers to rock engravings of ancient origin, often associated with prehistoric peoples. The oldest petroglyphs in the world are deemed to be those at Murujuga in Western Australia, which are 40,000–50,000 years old. Some petroglyphs are classified as protected monuments and some have been added to the list of UNESCO's World Heritage Sites, or such status has been applied for.
1928 in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1928.

Burrow
A burrow is a hole or tunnel excavated into the ground by an animal to construct a space suitable for habitation or temporary refuge, or as a byproduct of locomotion. Burrows provide a form of shelter against predation and exposure to the elements, and can be found in nearly every biome and among various biological interaction types, including symbiosis and competition. Many animal species are known to form burrows. These species range from small amphipods, to very large vertebrate species such as the polar bear. Burrows can be constructed into a wide variety of substrates and can range in complexity from a simple tube a few centimeters long to a complex network of interconnecting tunnels and chambers hundreds or thousands of meters in total length; an example of the latter level of complexity, a well-developed burrow, would be a rabbit warren.
Deven Govindasami
Deven Govindasami (also Devan, born 5 May 1963) is an Indian weightlifter. He competed in the men's bantamweight event at the 1984 Summer Olympics.

He won the gold medals in the men's 60 kg event at the 1985 and 1987 Commonwealth Weightlifting Championships. He won the gold medals in the men's 56 kg event at the 1984 South Asian Games at Nepal and the men's 60 kg event at the 1987 South Asian Games at Calcutta. He was conferred with the Arjuna Award in the year 1987 by the Government of India.

Commonwealth Weightlifting Championships
The Commonwealth Weightlifting Championships are an international weightlifting competition, open to countries of the Commonwealth of Nations. They are usually held every non-Commonwealth Games year under the auspices of the Commonwealth Weightlifting Federation (often combined with associated continental championships) and serve as a qualifying tournament for the Games themselves.
Det är över nu
"Det är över nu" is a song written by Per Gessle, and recorded by Gyllene Tider, released as a single on 8 May 1995. The single peaked at number eleven on the Swedish Singles Chart. The song also became a Trackslistan hit, landing at number 65 on its Melody year-end chart. The song also charted at Svensktoppen, reaching ninth position on both 15 and 22 July 1995.

Gyllene Tider
Gyllene Tider (Swedish: [ˈjʏ̂lːɛnɛ ˈtîːdɛr]; "Golden Times") is a Swedish pop group fronted by Roxette singer, guitarist, and songwriter Per Gessle. They are one of the best-selling Swedish bands ever and have had numerous hits in Scandinavia, starting with their breakthrough song "Flickorna på TV2", in 1980. Since breaking up in 1985, the band has held regular reunions, with the latest one taking place in 2023.