hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
View of Bracciano
View of Bracciano is an oil-on-canvas painting by Flemish painter Paul Bril. It was painted in the early 1620s, and is currently housed at the Art Gallery of South Australia in Adelaide. The painting was acquired by the Art Gallery of South Australia in 2007.

Paul Bril
Paul Bril (1554 – 7 October 1626) was a Flemish painter and printmaker principally known for his landscapes.  He spent most of his active career in Rome. His Italianate landscapes had a major influence on landscape painting in Italy and Northern Europe.
Minister for Education (Northern Territory)
The Northern Territory Minister for Education is a Minister of the Crown in the Government of the Northern Territory. The minister administers their portfolio through the Department of Education.

The Minister is responsible for planning, development and administration of schools, vocational education and training in schools, teacher registration, the regulation of the teaching profession, early years education and care services and regulation, distance education, the approval and accreditation of higher education institutions and courses, grants for educational organisations, and student assistance schemes. They are also responsible for the Charles Darwin University and the Batchelor Institute of Indigenous Tertiary Education.

The current minister is Selena Uibo (Labor). She was appointed in a reshuffle in June 2018.

Minister of the Crown
Minister of the Crown is a formal constitutional term used in Commonwealth realms to describe a minister of the reigning sovereign or viceroy. The term indicates that the minister serves at His Majesty's pleasure, and advises the sovereign or viceroy on how to exercise the Crown prerogatives relating to the minister's department or ministry.
Arts council
An arts council is a government or private non-profit organization dedicated to promoting the arts; mainly by funding local artists, awarding prizes, and organizing arts events. They often operate at arms-length from the government to prevent political interference in their decisions.

Alameda, California
Alameda (/ˌæləˈmiːdə/ ⓘ AL-ə-MEE-də; Spanish: [alaˈmeða]; Spanish for "tree-lined path") is a city in Alameda County, California, United States, located in the East Bay region of the Bay Area. The city is built on an informal archipelago in San Francisco Bay, consisting of Alameda Island, Bay Farm Island and Coast Guard Island, along with other smaller islands. As of the 2020 census, the city's population was 78,280.
Camille Fauré
Camille Fauré (1874–1956) was a French enamel artist best known for his design work for the Limoges porcelain company in Limoges. Floral and figurative patterns in richly glazed colours were his signature.

Limoges porcelain
Limoges porcelain is hard-paste porcelain produced by factories in and around the city of Limoges, France, beginning in the late 18th century, by any manufacturer. By about 1830, Limoges, which was close to the areas where suitable clay was found, had replaced Paris as the main centre for private porcelain factories, although the state-owned Sèvres porcelain near Paris remained dominant at the very top of the market. Limoges has maintained this position to the present day.
Isabel Stambaugh
J. Isabel Stambaugh (August 15, 1879 – May 11, 1969) was a United States Army nurse during World War I who served on the front line at a British Causality Clearing Center out of Base Hospital No. 10.

Stambaugh was one of four women who received the United States Distinguished Service Cross for her heroism during World War I.

In February 1935, she was part of a group of wounded veterans who "received the Purple Heart decoration" from the Purple Heart Association (Chapter No. 4) during a celebration of U.S. President George Washington's birthday anniversary in Philadelphia.

United States Army Nurse Corps
The United States Army Nurse Corps (USANC) was formally established by the U.S. Congress in 1901. It is one of the six medical special branches (or "corps") of officers which – along with medical enlisted soldiers – comprise the Army Medical Department (AMEDD). The ANC is the nursing service for the U.S. Army and provides nursing staff in support of the Department of Defense medical plans. The ANC is composed entirely of Registered Nurses (RNs) and Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRN).
Nothing to hide argument
The "nothing to hide" argument is a logical fallacy which states that an individual has no reason to fear or oppose surveillance or breach of privacy, unless they are afraid they will uncover their own wrongdoing. This argument is often used to claim that one should not worry about government surveillance as long as they have "nothing to hide".

Bruce Schneier
Bruce Schneier (/ˈʃnaɪ.ər/; born January 15, 1963) is an American cryptographer, computer security professional, privacy specialist, and writer. Schneier is an Adjunct Lecturer in Public Policy at the Harvard Kennedy School and a Fellow at the Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society as of November, 2013. He is a board member of the Electronic Frontier Foundation, Access Now, and The Tor Project; and an advisory board member of Electronic Privacy Information Center and VerifiedVoting.org. He is the author of several books on general security topics, computer security and cryptography and is a squid enthusiast.
Cuala G.A.A.
Cuala GAA club (or Cuala GAC, [ˈkuəlˠə] KOO-luh) is a Gaelic Athletic Association club based in Dalkey in the south of County Dublin, Ireland. It fields teams in Dublin GAA competitions. Cuala is primarily based in a sports and social centre in Dalkey, and also has playing facilities in Glenageary, Meadow Vale/Clonkeen Park, Shankill and Sallynoggin.

The club name derives from Cualu or Cuala, an ancient kingdom of Ireland that stretched roughly from the Liffey to Arklow.

Shankill, Dublin
Shankill (Irish: Seanchill, meaning 'Old Church') is a suburb of Dublin, Ireland, on the southeast of County Dublin, close to the border with County Wicklow. It is in the local government area of Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown and had a population of 14,257 as of the 2016 census. It runs from the coast, between Loughlinstown and Bray, inland towards the foothills of the Dublin Mountains. Shankill borders Rathmichael, as well as Loughlinstown, Killiney, Ballybrack and Bray in County Wicklow. It is part of the civil parish of Rathmichael and contains the formerly separate district of Shanganagh, and in its southern parts, the locality of Crinken.
La Folletière
La Folletière (French pronunciation: [la fɔltjɛʁ]) is a former commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy region in northern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Saint-Martin-de-l'If.

Seine-Maritime
Seine-Maritime (French pronunciation: [sɛn maʁitim] ⓘ) is a department of France in the Normandy region of northern France. It is situated on the northern coast of France, at the mouth of the Seine, and includes the cities of Rouen and Le Havre. Until 1955 it was named Seine-Inférieure. It had a population of 1,255,633 in 2019.
1950 Calama earthquake
The 1950 Calama earthquake occurred near the Argentina–Chile border with an epicenter near Calama, Chile in the Atacama Desert on December 9. The event had a hypocenter depth of 113.9 km, beneath the Caichinque volcanic complex. It measured magnitude Mw  8.2 on the moment magnitude scale, making it the largest intermediate depth earthquake ever recorded on Chilean soil.  One person was killed and an unspecified number of people were injured in Calama.

Calama, Chile
Calama is a city and commune in the Atacama Desert in northern Chile. It is the capital of El Loa Province, part of the Antofagasta Region. Calama is one of the driest cities in the world with average annual precipitation of just 5 mm (0.20 in). The River Loa, Chile's longest, flows through the city. Calama has a population of 147,886 (2012 census).

The commune also encompasses the Quechua communities of Estación San Pedro, Toconce and Cupo; and the Lickan-antay communities of Taira, Conchi Viejo, Lasana, San Francisco de Chiu Chiu, Aiquina-Turi, and Caspana.

In 2003 the nearby town of Chuquicamata, once the largest open-pit copper mine in the world, was dismantled citing environmental reasons and encroachment from the mine's expansion. Residents of Chuquicamata then moved to Calama, away from company-owned residences, to find housing on their own.
Fort Robinson (Pennsylvania)
Fort Robinson (often spelled Robison or Robeson and frequently referred to in contemporary documents as George Robinson's Fort or simply Robinson's Fort) was a stockaded blockhouse fort built in 1755 in the colonial Province of Pennsylvania for the security of settlers moving into the area following the Albany Congress. The fort was constructed in "Shearman's Valley," now known as Shermans Dale, Pennsylvania, near present-day Northeast Madison Township, Pennsylvania.

Province of Pennsylvania
The Province of Pennsylvania, also known as the Pennsylvania Colony, was a British North American colony founded by William Penn, who received the land through a grant from Charles II of England in 1681. The name Pennsylvania was derived from Latin, meaning "Penn's Woods", a reference to William Penn's father Admiral Sir William Penn.
Linux Mint
Linux Mint is a community-developed Linux distribution based on Ubuntu. First released in 2006, Linux Mint is often noted for its ease of use, out-of-the-box functionality, and appeal to desktop users. It comes bundled with a selection of free and open-source software. The default desktop environment is Cinnamon, developed by the Linux Mint team, with MATE and Xfce available as alternatives. A Debian based version of Linux Mint also exists, called Linux Mint Debian Edition (LMDE). Linux Mint is available for x86-64 systems.

Pre-installed software
Pre-installed software (also known as bundled software) is software already installed and licensed on a computer or smartphone bought from an original equipment manufacturer (OEM). The operating system is usually factory-installed, but because it is a general requirement, this term is used for additional software apart from the bare necessary amount, usually from other sources (or the operating system vendor).

Unwanted factory-installed software (also known as crapware or bloatware) can include major security vulnerabilities, like Superfish, which installs a root certificate to inject advertising into encrypted Google search pages, but leaves computers vulnerable to serious cyberattacks that breach the security used in banking and finance websites.

Some mirror sites for freeware use unwanted software bundling that similarly installs unwanted software.
Mike Szymanski
Mike Szymanski (born May 23, 1946) was an American politician who served as a member of the Alaska Senate. Previously he was a member of the Alaska House of Representatives. He was an unsuccessful candidate in the 2016 Alaska Senate election. He endorsed the Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign.

2016 Alaska Senate election
The 2016 Alaska Senate election were held on Tuesday, November 8, 2016, with the primary election on August 16, 2016. Voters in the 10 districts of the Alaska Senate elected their representatives. The elections coincided with the elections for other offices, including for U.S. President and the state assembly.

In Alaska, congressional and state-level elections use a top-four primary system. This means all candidates compete in one primary election, and the four who receive the most votes — no matter their political party — move on to the general election.
RailDriver
RailDriver is a desktop cab controller for train simulation software made by P.I. Engineering. It replaces keyboard and mouse operation as far as possible to provide a more realistic train driving experience. It is designed to be compatible with Microsoft Train Simulator. N3V's Trainz, BVE Trainsim and World of Subways also support RailDriver. As of December 2020, Dovetail Games' Train Sim World 2 added an open beta for Raildriver on PC. Other software may be controlled using downloadable resources.

BVE Trainsim
BVE Trainsim (originally Boso View Express) is a Japanese three-dimensional computer-based train simulator. It is notable for focusing on providing an accurate driving experience as viewed from inside the cab, rather than creating a network of other trains
—other trains passed along the route are only displayed as stationary objects. BVE Trainsim was designed and developed by Takashi "Mackoy" Kojima starting in 1996 with the original program name coming from the Japanese 255 series multiple unit trains found in routes in Japan.

Although the internal working of the BVE Trainsim program itself cannot be modified, additional routes and train cab views can be added via a number of text-based configuration files. Route builders have produced over 300 additional routes for the program, along with matching cab environments. Routes built by independent developers simulate rail activity in Africa, Asia, North America, South America, and Europe.
Rufous-sided gerygone
The rufous-sided gerygone (Gerygone dorsalis) is a species of bird in the family Acanthizidae.
It is found in the eastern Lesser Sunda Islands and Kai Islands.

Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical mangrove forests.

Kai Islands
The Kai Islands (also Kei Islands) of Indonesia are a group of islands in the southeastern part of the Maluku Islands, located in the province of Maluku. The Moluccas have been known as the Spice Islands due to regionally specific plants such as nutmeg, mace, and cloves that originally intrigued the European nations of the 16th century. The coastal zone of the islands are identified as a site of highest marine biodiversity importance in the Coral Triangle.
Leon Goldman
Leon Goldman (1906 – December 2, 1997) was an American dermatologist and a pioneer in laser medicine.    His research areas included the application of lasers in dermatology,  cancer photodynamic therapy (PDT) and the use of organic dyes in PDT.

In his honor, The American Society for Laser Medicine and Surgery (ASLMS) gives the yearly recognition named Leon Goldman Memorial Award. The Academy of Laser Dentistry also gives an award in recognition of Dr. Goldman. It is called, "The Leon Goldman Award" for Clinical Excellence.

Laser medicine
Laser medicine is the use of lasers in medical diagnosis, treatments, or therapies, such as laser photodynamic therapy, photorejuvenation, and laser surgery.

The word laser stands for "light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation".
Marimatha nigrofimbria
Marimatha nigrofimbria, the black-bordered lemon moth, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Achille Guenée in 1852. It is found in North America east of the Rocky Mountains and in Arizona and California.

The wingspan is 18–22 mm (0.71–0.87 in). Adults are on wing from May to September in the northern part of the range and from March to November in the south.

The larvae feed on Digitaria ischaemum and Ipomoea sagittata.

Digitaria ischaemum
Digitaria ischaemum is a species of crabgrass known by the common names smooth crabgrass and small crabgrass. It is native to Europe and Asia, but it is known throughout much of the warm temperate world as an introduced species and often a common roadside and garden weed. It is an annual grass producing an inflorescence with two or more narrow branches lined with tiny spikelets.

It is easily confused with other members in the genus, particularly southern crabgrass in California which differs by having spikelets of nearly twice the length. It may also be confused with Bermuda Grass, but differs in being a much taller plant with a much longer inflorescence. It reproduces by seed. The leaves on this grass often form above the base of the plant, and it is usually singular, rarely forming large clumps.
Paul Stalteri
Paul Andrew Stalteri (born October 18, 1977) is a Canadian former professional soccer player who played as a defender or midfielder. He spent most of his professional career in Germany, winning the league and cup double with Werder Bremen in the 2003–04 season. Stalteri also played football in the Premier League for Tottenham Hotspur and Fulham.

A regular for the Canada national team, Stalteri made a total of 84 appearances at the senior level, scoring 7 goals. He was the all-time cap leader of the Canada national team until Julian de Guzman surpassed him in November 2015. He was part of the squad that won the CONCACAF Gold Cup in 2000.

He serves as an assistant coach for the Canada national team.

DFL-Ligapokal
The DFL-Ligapokal (German: [ˈdeː ʔɛf ɛlː liːgaːpoˈkaːl], officially Premiere Ligapokal [pʁəmiːeːʁə liːgaːpoˈkaːl], previously DFB-Ligapokal [ˈdeː ʔɛf beː liːgaːpoˈkaːl]) or the German League Cup was a German football competition that took place before the start of the Bundesliga season, featuring the top five teams of the previous Bundesliga season and the winners of the DFB-Pokal in Germany. The cup was known as the Premiere-Ligapokal after 2005, when Premiere, a German pay television network, took up sponsorship of the competition. The Ligapokal was not held in 2008 due to schedule crowding caused by the UEFA Euro 2008. Instead, the German Supercup was held on 23 July. The Ligapokal was not held in 2009 either, due to the German Football Association's decision to abolish it. In the final edition of the Ligapokal in 2007, the fifth-placed Bundesliga team (Bayer Leverkusen) was dropped from the competition, replaced by the winner of the 2. Bundesliga (Karlsruhe).
Eving
Eving (German pronunciation: [ˈeːvɪŋ]) is a Stadtteil (quarter) in the eponymous Stadtbezirk ("city borough") in the north of the city of Dortmund, Germany. It was incorporated into Dortmund in 1914.

With a population of about 20,000 Eving is one of the most populated parts of Dortmund. The population of the Stadtbezirk, which also includes Brechten, Holthausen, Lindenhorst and Kemminghausen, is about 36,000.

Eving's unemployment rate is high and the average income is low compared to the city's average, which makes it one of Dortmund's socially disadvantaged areas.

Quarter (urban subdivision)
A quarter is a section of an urban settlement. A quarter can be administratively defined and its borders officially designated, and it may have its own administrative structure (subordinate to that of the city, town or other urban area). Such a division is particularly common in countries like Bulgaria (Bulgarian: квартал, romanized: kvartal), Croatia (četvrt), France (Quartier), Georgia (კვარტალი, k'vart'ali),  Italy (Quartiere), Romania (Cartier), and Serbia (четврт / četvrt). It may be denoted as a borough (in English-speaking countries), Portugal/Brazil (bairro), Spain (barrio); or some other term (e.g. Cambodia (សង្កាត់ sangkat), Germany (Stadtteil), and Poland (dzielnica)).

Quarter can also refer to a non-administrative but distinct neighbourhood with its own character: for example, a slum quarter. It is often used for a district connected with a particular group of people: for instance, some cities are said to have Jewish quarters, diplomatic quarters or Bohemian quarters.
Yale French Studies
Yale French Studies is an academic journal published biannually by Yale University Press and connected with the French department at Yale University. It is the oldest English-language journal in the United States devoted to French and Francophone literature and culture. It was established in 1948 by editor Robert Greer Cohn, and is currently edited by Nichole Gleisner, who became editor in 2022 after longtime editor Alyson Waters retired. The first issue was devoted to existentialism and featured scenes from the play Les Mains sales (Dirty Hands) by Jean-Paul Sartre in addition to essays on the emerging philosophical movement and its key proponents such as Sartre and Albert Camus. Through its long tenure, Yale French Studies has published a wide range of renowned scholars including Paul De Man, Jacques Derrida, René Girard, Richard Howard, Fredric Jameson, Barbara Johnson, Naomi Schor, and Jean Starobinski.

Naomi Schor
Naomi Schor (October 10, 1943 in New York City – December 2, 2001 in New Haven, Connecticut
) was an American literary critic and theorist. A pioneer of feminist theory for her generation, she is regarded as one of the foremost scholars of French literature and critical theory of her time. Naomi's younger sister is the artist and writer Mira Schor.
1989 Virginia Slims of California
The 1989 Virginia Slims of California was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts at the Oakland-Alameda County Coliseum Arena in Oakland, California in the United States and was part of Category 4 tier of the 1989 WTA Tour. The tournament ran from February 20 through February 26, 1989. Third-seeded Zina Garrison won the singles title.

Larisa Neiland
Larisa Savchenko-Neiland (Ukrainian: Лариса Савченко-Нейланд, Latvian: Larisa Savčenko-Neilande; née Savchenko; also Larisa Neiland; born 21 July 1966) is a tennis coach and former professional player who represented the Soviet Union and Latvia. A former world No. 1 doubles player, Neiland won six Grand Slam titles: two in women's doubles and four in mixed doubles. She also won two singles titles and 63 doubles titles on the WTA Tour. She is listed in fourth place for the most doubles match wins (766) in WTA history, after Lisa Raymond, Rennae Stubbs and Liezel Huber. Neiland has been the coach of Ukrainian tennis player Daria Snigur since 2017.
Glucal
Glucal is the glycal formed from glucose.  It is a chemical intermediate in the synthesis of a variety of oligosaccharides.

Glucal and its derivatives can be converted to other chemically useful sugars using the Ferrier rearrangement.

Ferrier rearrangement
The Ferrier rearrangement is an organic reaction that involves a nucleophilic substitution reaction combined with an allylic shift in a glycal (a 2,3-unsaturated glycoside). It was discovered by the carbohydrate chemist Robert J. Ferrier.
Gene DeFilippo
Eugene Benard DeFilippo Jr. is an American sports executive and former college athletics administrator.  He served as the athletic director at the University of South Carolina–Spartanburg—now known as the University of South Carolina Upstate—from 1984 to 1987, at Villanova University from 1993 to 1997, and at Boston College from 1997 to 2012.

Villanova University
Villanova University is a private Catholic research university in Villanova, Pennsylvania, United States. It was founded by the Order of Saint Augustine in 1842 and named after Saint Thomas of Villanova. The university is the oldest Catholic university in Pennsylvania and one of two Augustinian institutions of higher learning in the United States (the other being Merrimack College).

The university traces its roots to the old Saint Augustine's Church, Philadelphia, which the Augustinian friars of the Province of Saint Thomas of Villanova founded in 1796, and to its parish school, Saint Augustine's Academy, which was established in 1811. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".