hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana
The Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana (English: Universal Rural Employment Programme) was a scheme launched by the Government of India to gain the objective of providing gainful employment for the rural poor.: 1  From 21 February 2003, EAS became an allocation-based scheme.: 3  The programme was implemented through the Panchayati Raj institutions.

The Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana was launched on 25 September 2001 by merging the provisions of Employment Assurance Scheme (EAS) and Jawahar Gram Samridhi Yojana (JGSY). The programme is self-targeting in nature and aims to provide employment and food to people in rural areas who lived below the poverty line.

Five-Year Plans of India
The Five-Year Plans of India were a series of national development programmes implemented by the Government of India from 1951 to 2017. Inspired by the Soviet model, these plans aimed to promote balanced economic growth, reduce poverty and modernise key sectors such as agriculture, industry, infrastructure and education.

The Planning Commission, chaired ex-officio by the prime minister, conceptualised and monitored the plans until its replacement by the NITI Aayog (National Institution for Transforming India) in 2015. The plans evolved to address changing developmental priorities, introducing innovations like the Gadgil formula in 1969 for transparent resource allocation to states. While the five-year plans significantly shaped India's economic trajectory, they were discontinued in 2017, transitioning to a more flexible framework under the NITI Aayog.
Litigation before the judgment in Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co
The litigation before the judgment in Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Company was a rather decorated affair, considering that a future Prime Minister served as counsel for the company. A close reading of the submissions and the decision in the Queen's Bench show that the result of the Court of Appeal was not inevitable or necessarily a decision on orthodox principles of previous case law.

For the facts and full final decision, see Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Company.

Williams v Carwardine
Williams v Carwardine [1833] EWHC KB J44 is an English contract law case which concerns how a contract comes about through the offer of a reward. It also raises interesting questions about the necessity of reliance on an offer in the formation of a contract.
Ratekau
Ratekau (German pronunciation: [ˈʁaːtəˌkaʊ]) is a municipality in the district of Ostholstein, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is situated approximately 10 km northeast of Lübeck.

It is the place where Blücher surrendered after the Battle of Lübeck in 1806.

The village is best known for its well preserved fieldstone church St. Vicelin of 1156.

Ostholstein
Ostholstein (German pronunciation: [ˈɔsthɔlʃtaɪn] ⓘ, lit. 'East Holstein'; Danish: Østholsten) is a district in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is bounded by (from the southwest and clockwise) the districts of Stormarn, Segeberg and Plön, the Baltic Sea and the city of Lübeck. Geographically, the district covers the vast majority of what is considered to be the peninsular of Wagria.
Friederike Charlotte of Brandenburg-Schwedt
Friederike Charlotte Leopoldine Louise of Brandenburg-Schwedt (also often referred to as the Princess of Prussia; 18 August 1745 in Schwedt – 23 January 1808 in Altona) was a German aristocrat who lived as a secular canoness and ruled as the last Princess-abbess of Herford Abbey.

Coadjutor
The term "coadjutor" (literally "co-assister" in Latin) is a title qualifier indicating that the holder shares the office with another person, with powers equal to the other in all but formal order of precedence.

These include:

Coadjutor bishop, or Coadjutor archbishop

Coadjutor vicar, or Coadjutor apostolic vicar

Coadjutor eparch, or Coadjutor archeparch

Coadjutor exarch, or Coadjutor apostolic exarch
Government First Grade College, Raichur
Government First Grade College, Raichur  is a general degree college located at Raichur, Karnataka, India. It was established in 2006. The college affiliated with Raichur University. This college offers different courses in arts, science and commerce.

Raichur University
Raichur University, Raichur which officially changed its name Adikavi Sri Maharshi Valmiki University, Raichur, is a public university located in Raichur, Karnataka, India. The university is recognized by University Grants Commission.
Tetrahymanol
Tetrahymanol is a gammacerane-type membrane lipid first found in the marine ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis. It was later found in other ciliates, fungi, ferns, and bacteria. After being deposited in sediments that  compress into sedimentary rocks over millions of years, tetrahymanol is dehydroxylated into gammacerane. Gammacerane has been interpreted as a proxy for ancient water column stratification.

Alphaproteobacteria
Alphaproteobacteria or α-proteobacteria, also called α-Purple bacteria in earlier literature, is a class of bacteria in the phylum Pseudomonadota (also called "Proteobacteria"). The Magnetococcales and Mariprofundales are considered basal or sister to the Alphaproteobacteria. The Alphaproteobacteria are highly diverse and possess few commonalities, but nevertheless share a common ancestor. Like all proteobacteria, its members are gram-negative, although some of its intracellular parasitic members lack peptidoglycan and are consequently gram variable.
Counting point
In logistics, a counting point (CP; also known as a status point, data acquisition point, check point, or control point) is a certain spot designated for planning, controlling, and monitoring material flow items (e.g. single parts, assembly groups, final products, bins, racks, containers, and freight carriers).

Warehouse
A warehouse is a building for storing goods. Warehouses are used by manufacturers, importers, exporters, wholesalers, transport businesses, customs, etc. They are usually large plain buildings in industrial parks on the outskirts of cities, towns, or villages.

Warehouses usually have loading docks to load and unload goods from trucks. Sometimes warehouses are designed for the loading and unloading of goods directly from railways, airports, or seaports. They often have cranes and forklifts for moving goods, which are usually placed on ISO standard pallets and then loaded into pallet racks. Stored goods can include any raw materials, packing materials, spare parts, components, or finished goods associated with agriculture, manufacturing, and production.

In India and Hong Kong, a warehouse may be referred to as a godown. There are also godowns in the Shanghai Bund.
Vale of Neath Railway 0-6-0ST locomotives
Vale of Neath Railway 0-6-0ST locomotives were 0-6-0ST steam locomotives for working the heavy goods traffic on the Vale of Neath Railway and its associated lines in Wales. The first of 13 broad gauge locomotives entered service in 1854 and the last was withdrawn in 1886. The remaining four were standard gauge locomotives.

The Vale of Neath Railway was amalgamated into the Great Western Railway on 1 February 1865. The broad gauge locomotives retained their old numbers, but the standard gauge ones were renumbered.

Robert Stephenson and Company
Robert Stephenson and Company was a locomotive manufacturing company founded in 1823 in Forth Street, Newcastle upon Tyne in England. It was the first company in the world created specifically to build railway engines.

Famous early locomotives were Locomotion No. 1 and Rocket. By 1899, 3,000 locomotives had been built at the Forth Street site, and a new company was formed, Robert Stephenson and Company Limited, and the Darlington works was opened.

In 1937, the company merged with Hawthorn Leslie to form Robert Stephenson and Hawthorns. In 1944, they became part of English Electric.
T1 space
In topology and related branches of mathematics, a T1 space  is a topological space in which, for every pair of distinct points, each has a neighborhood not containing the other point.  An R0 space is one in which this holds for every pair of topologically distinguishable points.  The properties T1 and R0 are examples of separation axioms.

Intersection (set theory)
In set theory, the intersection of two sets  and  denoted by  is the set containing all elements of  that also belong to  or equivalently, all elements of  that also belong to  The notion of intersection as an algebraic operation with sets as operands has been generalized from geometry, where it is encountered in the case of geometric sets of points, such as individual points, lines (infinite uncountable sets of points), planes, etc.
Qbs (build tool)
Qbs (pronounced Cubes) is a cross-platform free and open-source software for managing the build process of software. It was designed to support large, complex projects, written in any number of programming languages, primarily C/C++.

Qbs is an all-in-one tool that generates a build graph from a high-level project description (like its predecessor qmake), and additionally undertakes the task of executing the commands in the low-level build graph (like make).

Qbs was originally created by Nokia, then The Qt Company, who distributes it along with their Qt toolkit. It integrates with the Qt framework, and automates the creation of moc (meta object compiler) and rcc (resource compiler) sources, which are used in Qt's meta-object system and in the integration of binary resources (e.g. pictures).

It has been deprecated by Qt Group in 2018 to redirect the resources to CMake instead "Deprecation of Qbs"..

Build automation
Build automation is the practice of building software systems in a relatively unattended fashion. The build is configured to run with minimized or no software developer interaction and without using a developer's personal computer. Build automation encompasses the act of configuring the build system as well as the resulting system itself.

Build automation encompasses both sequencing build operations via non-interactive interface tools and running builds on a shared server.
Canadian Ice Fishing Championship
The Canadian Ice Fishing Championship is a two-day annual event held on Lake Simcoe, in Ontario, Canada. It was created in 1994, two years after the World Ice Fishing Championship was held in Georgina, Ontario. The "Catch - Photograph - Release" ice fishing tournament attracts anglers, mainly from Canada and the US, but sometimes from other countries, who bring their ice fishing skills to this large, shallow lake. The first day is 'Big Fish Day', when anglers fish the deep water to try to catch the biggest fish. Scrutineers measure the length and width of each fish caught, and points are awarded for the fish each team submits to the judges.
The second day is 'Perch Day', when anglers try to catch the heaviest and most perch. Perch caught are weighed in, and returned to the lake.

Ice fishing
Ice fishing is the practice of catching fish with lines and fish hooks or spears through an opening in the ice on a frozen body of water. Ice fishers may fish in the open or in heated enclosures, some with bunks and amenities.
Giovanni Tadolini
Giovanni Tadolini  (18 October 1789 – 29 November 1872) was an Italian composer, conductor and singing instructor, who enjoyed a career that alternated between Bologna and Paris. Tadolini is probably best known for completing six sections of Rossini's 1833 version of the Stabat mater after the latter fell sick. However, he also composed eight operas as well as sinfonias, sonatas, chamber music, and numerous pieces of religious music and art songs.

Teatro Comunale di Bologna
The Teatro Comunale di Bologna is an opera house in Bologna, Italy.  Typically, it presents eight operas with six performances during its November to April season.

While there had been various theatres presenting opera in Bologna since the early 17th century, they had either fallen into disuse or burnt down. However, from the early 18th century, the Teatro Marsigli-Rossi had been presenting operatic works by popular composers of the day including Vivaldi, Gluck, and Niccolò Piccinni. The Teatro Malvezzi, built in 1651, burned down in February 1745 and this event prompted the construction of a new theatre, the Nuovo Teatro Pubblico, as the Teatro Comunale was originally called when it opened on 14 May 1763.
V. R. Parton
Vernon Rylands Parton (2 October 1897 – 31 December 1974) was an English chess enthusiast and prolific chess variant inventor, his most renowned variants being Alice chess and Racing Kings. Many of Parton's variants were inspired by the fictional characters and stories in the works of Lewis Carroll. Parton's formal education background, like Lewis Carroll's, was in mathematics. Parton's interests were wide and he was a great believer in Esperanto.

King (chess)
The king (♔, ♚) is the most important piece in the game of chess. It may move to any adjacent square that is not controlled by an enemy piece; it may also perform, in tandem with the rook, a move called castling. If a player's king is threatened with capture, it is said to be in check, and the player must remove or evade the threat of capture immediately, such as by moving it away from the attacked square. If this cannot be done, the king is said to be in checkmate, resulting in a loss for the checkmated player. A player cannot make any move that places their own king in check. Despite this, the king can become a strong offensive piece in the endgame or, rarely, the middlegame.

In algebraic notation, the king is abbreviated by the letter K among English speakers. The white king starts the game on e1; the black king starts on e8. Unlike all other pieces, each player can have only one king, and the king is never removed from the board during the game.
Jody Threat
Jody Gyivicsan (born March 8, 1988), known by the ring name Jody Threat, is a Canadian professional wrestler. She is signed to Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) and is a former two-time TNA Knockouts World Tag Team Champion with Dani Luna. Threat has also worked on the independent circuit on various promotions across Canada, U.S., and the UK.

TNA Knockouts World Championship
The TNA Knockouts World Championship is a women's professional wrestling world championship owned by Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA). The championship debuted on October 14, 2007, at the Bound for Glory pay-per-view (PPV) event and the inaugural champion was Gail Kim. Arianna Grace is the current champion in her first reign. She won the title by defeating Léi Yǐng Lee at No Surrender in Nashville, Tennessee, on February 13, 2026.
Clements Ribeiro
Clements Ribeiro is a London-based fashion house established in the early 1990s by husband and wife partnership Suzanne Clements and Inacio Ribeiro. 
It is known for its feminine designs, bold prints and luxurious knitwear.

Named as one of fashion's 'Magnificent Seven' by Vogue in 1997 (alongside Tom Ford, Miuccia Prada,  Valentino, Alexander McQueen, Yohji Yamamoto and Karl Lagerfeld), the label became popular among the Britpop scene.  High-profile wearers of the brand have included Adele, Nicole Kidman, Kate Moss and Jarvis Cocker.

Tom Ford
Thomas Carlyle Ford (born August 27, 1961) is an American fashion designer and filmmaker. He launched his eponymous fashion brand in 2005, having previously been the creative director at Gucci and Yves Saint Laurent. He wrote and directed the films A Single Man (2009) and Nocturnal Animals (2016), and served as chairman of the Council of Fashion Designers of America from 2019 to 2022.
Latino World Order
The Latino World Order (abbreviated lWo or LWO) is a professional wrestling stable primarily consisting of wrestlers with Latin American backgrounds performing in WWE on the Raw brand. The stable consists of second leader Rey Mysterio, Cruz Del Toro, Joaquin Wilde, and Dragon Lee. Mysterio is a former one-time WWE United States Champion and Lee is a former one-time WWE Speed Champion and one-time World Tag Team Champion (along with AJ Styles) as part of the stable.

Originally performing in World Championship Wrestling (WCW) from 1998 to 1999, the group was led by Eddie Guerrero. In 2023, it was revived in WWE by new leader Rey Mysterio, who is the only wrestler to be a member of both versions of the group.

The group's name, created by American actor Jason Hervey during his time working backstage as a producer with WCW, is a parody of the New World Order (nWo) stable.

2024 WWE Draft
The 2024 WWE Draft was the 18th WWE Draft produced by the American professional wrestling promotion WWE between their Raw and SmackDown brand divisions. The two-night event began with the April 26 episode of Friday Night SmackDown (in Cincinnati, Ohio) and concluded with the April 29 episode of Monday Night Raw (in Kansas City, Missouri), with SmackDown airing on Fox and Raw on the USA Network. This was the first draft held with WWE under TKO Group Holdings. Draft results went into effect beginning with the May 6 episode of Raw.
KBIU
KBIU (103.3 FM, "Hot 103.3") is an American radio station broadcasting a top 40 (CHR) format, licensed to Lake Charles, Louisiana. The station is currently owned by Cumulus Media.  Its studios are located on Broad Street in downtown Lake Charles and its transmitter is in Sulphur, Louisiana.

Cumulus Media
Cumulus Media, Inc. is a broadcasting company of the United States and is the second largest owner and operator of AM and FM radio stations in the United States ahead of Audacy and behind iHeartMedia. As of June 2019, Cumulus lists ownership of 428 stations in 87 media markets. It also owns and operates Westwood One. Its headquarters are located in Atlanta, Georgia. Its subsidiaries include Cumulus Broadcasting LLC, Cumulus Licensing LLC and Broadcast Software International Inc.
James Paterson (cricketer)
James Paterson (25 January 1889 – 21 August 1966) was a New Zealand cricketer. He played first-class cricket for Auckland, Canterbury and Hawke's Bay between 1912 and 1923.

Paterson married Eva Paddy in the Christchurch suburb of Sydenham in November 1913.

Auckland cricket team
The Auckland cricket team represent the Auckland region and are one of six New Zealand domestic first class cricket teams. Governed by the Auckland Cricket Association they are the most successful team having won 28 Plunket Shield titles, ten wins in The Ford Trophy and the Super Smash four times. The team currently play their home games at Eden Park Outer Oval.

The limited overs team, known as the Auckland Aces, have a predominantly light blue kit with a navy and white trim. Their One Day Championship shirt sponsors are Ford whilst their major T20 sponsor is Mondiale.

They won the Men's Super Smash competition in the 2015–16 season, their 4th domestic Twenty20 title overall, making them become the most successful team in New Zealand.
NGC 1125
NGC 1125 is a barred spiral galaxy in the constellation of Eridanus. Its velocity with respect to the cosmic microwave background is 3,087±14 km/s, which corresponds to a Hubble distance of 148.5 ± 10.4 Mly (45.53 ± 3.20 Mpc). It was discovered by German-British astronomer William Herschel on 6 October 1785.

NGC 1125 is a Seyfert II galaxy, i.e. it has a quasar-like nucleus with very high surface brightnesses whose spectra reveal strong, high-ionisation emission lines, but unlike quasars, the host galaxy is clearly detectable. The strongest emission from ionized and molecular gas is seen about 300 parsecs away from the galaxy’s center.

NGC 1125 appears close to neighboring galaxy MCG -03-08-034, but the alignment is optical, as the neighbor is about 3 times farther away (437.9 ± 30.7 Mly).

Eridanus (constellation)
Eridanus is a constellation which stretches along the southern celestial hemisphere. It is represented as a river. One of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd century AD astronomer Ptolemy, it remains one of the 88 modern constellations. It is the sixth largest of the modern constellations.  The same name was later taken as a Latin name for the real Po River and also for the name of a minor river in Athens.
Province Public Service Commission (Madhesh Province)
The Province Public Service Commission (Madhesh Province) (PPSC MP) is a government agency of Madhesh Province constituted to recruit candidates for various government jobs under the Government of Madhesh Province through competitive examinations. It is headquartered in Janakpur, Dhanusha, Madhesh, and functions through its own secretariat. The commission was established on 21 September 2019. Dr. Shivaram Yadav is the present chairman of the commission.

Government of Madhesh Province
The Government of Madhesh Province is the supreme governing authority of Madhesh Province in Nepal.

The governor of the province is appointed by the President of Nepal on the recommendation of the Nepalese cabinet for a period of five years unless freed earlier by the federal government. The head of province is the governor and the chief minister holds the position of the head of the provincial executive. The role of governor is largely ceremonial as the functioning of the government is managed entirely by the chief minister. The governor appoints all ministers and the chief minister.

The province's government seats in Janakpur at the Madhesh Province Provincial Government Secretariat.
Bakot
Bakot is a town of Abbottabad District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It is located 45 kilometres (28 mi) north of Murree, at the base of the Miranjani peak. Bakot serves as principal town of the Union Council of the same name. According to the 2017 Census of Pakistan, the town had a population of 17,466.

Bakot Union Council
Bakot is a union council of Abbottabad District in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.

According to the 2023 Census of Pakistan, the population was 18,172, of which 9,090 were male and 9,080 were female.The Union Council of Bakot is subdivided into three areas namely: Bakot, Moolia and Sangal.
Uncanny Tales (American pulp magazine)
Uncanny Tales was an American weird menace pulp magazine that ran from April 1939 to May 1940.  Published by Martin Goodman under the "Manvis Publications, Inc." imprint. It should not be confused with Goodman's "shudder" publication Uncanny Stories.

The magazine was based in Chicago.

Uncanny Stories (magazine)
Uncanny Stories was a pulp magazine which published a single issue, dated April 1941.  It was published by Abraham and Martin Goodman, who were better known for "weird-menace" pulp magazines that included much more sex in the fiction than was usual in science fiction of that era.  The Goodmans published Marvel Science Stories from 1938 to 1941, and Uncanny Stories appeared just as Marvel Science Stories ceased publication, perhaps in order to use up the material in inventory acquired by Marvel Science Stories.  The fiction was poor quality; the lead story, Ray Cummings' "Coming of the Giant Germs", has been described as "one of his most appalling stories".
History of laptops
The history of laptops describes the efforts, begun in the 1970s, to build small, portable laptop computers that combine the components, inputs, outputs and capabilities of a desktop computer in a small chassis.

PowerBook
The PowerBook (known as Macintosh PowerBook before 1997) is a family of Macintosh-type laptop computers designed, manufactured and sold by Apple Computer from 1991 to 2006. It was targeted at the professional market; in 1999, the line was supplemented by the home and education-focused iBook family.

During its lifetime, the PowerBook went through several major revisions and redesigns, often being the first to incorporate features that would later become standard in competing laptops. The PowerBook was replaced by the MacBook Pro in 2006 as part of the Mac transition to Intel processors.