hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Circular DNA
Circular DNA is DNA that forms a closed loop and has no ends.  Examples include:

Plasmids, mobile genetic elements

cccDNA, formed by some viruses inside cell nuclei

Circular bacterial chromosomes

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)

Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA), and that of other plastids

Extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA)

Extrachromosomal circular DNA
Extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) is a type of double-stranded circular DNA structure that was first discovered in 1964 by Alix Bassel and Yasuo Hotta. In contrast to previously identified circular DNA structures (e.g., bacterial plasmids, mitochondrial DNA, circular bacterial chromosomes, or chloroplast DNA), eccDNA are circular DNA found in the eukaryotic nuclei of plant and animal (including human) cells. Extrachromosomal circular DNA is derived from chromosomal DNA, can range in size from 50 base pairs to several mega-base pairs in length, and can encode regulatory elements and full-length genes. eccDNA has been observed in various eukaryotic species and it is proposed to be a byproduct of programmed DNA recombination events, such as V(D)J recombination.
Peder Østlund
Peder Østlund (7 May 1872 – 22 January 1939) was a Norwegian speed skater.

Peder Østlund held the first position on the Adelskalender ranking during two periods, for a total of almost 10 years (3,644 days). He became World Allround Champion in 1898 and 1899 and European Allround Champion in 1899 and 1900. He was Norwegian Allround Champion in 1898.

Østlund held world records ten times throughout his career. In Davos on the weekend of 10–11 February 1900 he set four of them.

Østlund represented the club Trondhjems Skøiteklub.

Adelskalender (skating)
The Adelskalender in skating is a ranking for long track speed skating based on skaters' all-time personal records for certain distances. As in samalog competitions, the skater's time (measured in seconds) for each distance is divided in 500 metre averages, truncated (not rounded) to 3 decimal places, and the results are then added up – the lower the sum, the better. The samalog system was introduced in 1928 in Norway, replacing ranking points in the traditional 4 distance championships, and can also be used to reconstruct scores based on personal records that were set before the samalog system was invented.

The classical Adelskalender consists of the Allround Championships distances:

Men: 500 m - 1500 m - 5000 m - 10,000 m

Women: 500 m - 1500 m - 3000 m - 5000 m

Similar rankings in many other combinations are maintained by enthusiasts and available on the Internet.
Clifton High School (New Jersey)
Clifton High School (CHS) is a four-year comprehensive public high school serving students in ninth through twelfth grades from the city of Clifton in Passaic County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, operating as part of the Clifton Public Schools. It has the largest student body in a single facility amongst high schools in New Jersey; Elizabeth High School had more students, but its students have been spread over multiple campuses.

As of the 2024–25 school year, the school had an enrollment of 3,150 students and 224.8 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 14.0:1. There were 1,726 students (54.8% of enrollment) eligible for free lunch and 380 (12.1% of students) eligible for reduced-cost lunch. Based on 2021-22 data from the New Jersey Department of Education, it was the third-largest high school in the state and one of 29 schools with more than 2,000 students.

Secondary education in the United States
Secondary education is the last six or seven years of statutory formal education in the United States. It reaches the climax with twelfth grade (age 17–18). Whether it begins with sixth grade (age 11–12) or seventh grade (age 12–13) varies by state and sometimes by school district.

Secondary education in the United States occurs in two phases. The first, as classified by the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED), is the lower secondary phase, either called a middle school or junior high school. A middle school is for students sixth grade, seventh grade and eighth grade and a junior high school is only for students in seventh and eighth grade.

The second is the ISCED upper secondary phase, a high school or senior high school for students ninth grade through twelfth grade. There is some debate over the optimum age of transfer, and variation in some states; also, middle school often includes grades that are almost always considered primary school.
Jesús Torres (artist)
Jesús Torres (June 29, 1898 – June 13, 1948) was a Mexican-American artist, sculptor, and designer. His facility with multiple artistic media, including clay, tile, wood, metal, and leather, made him a frequently-commissioned craftsperson in Chicago's during the 1930s and 1940s. He was one of several immigrant artists who began their practice at Jane Addams' Hull-House in the 1920s. Notable solo works include his final commission, where he was hired by the Pullman Company to design the interiors of five cars for the Golden State Limited, which traveled throughout the American Southwest.

Golden State (train)
The Golden State was a named passenger train between Chicago and Los Angeles from 1902–1968 on the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad (“Rock Island”) and the Southern Pacific Company (SP) and predecessors.  It was named for California, the “Golden State”.

The Golden State route was relatively low-altitude, crossing the Continental Divide at about 4,600 feet (1,400 m) near Lordsburg, New Mexico, although the highest elevation en route was over 6,600 ft (2,000 m) near Corona, New Mexico. Other transcontinental routes reached elevations of more than 7,000 feet (2,100 m) in the Santa Fe railway near Flagstaff, Arizona, and Union Pacific near Sherman, Wyoming. At 2340 miles it was one of the longest continuous passenger railroad routes in the United States, to be exceeded by the SP's Imperial and by  Amtrak's pre-2005 Sunset Limited.
Amos Betungura
Amos Betungura was an Anglican bishop in Uganda.

Betungura was educated at Uganda Christian University and ordained deacon in 1957 and priest in 1960. He was consecrated Bishop of Ankole on 6 December 1970. He died in 2008.

Uganda Christian University
Uganda Christian University (UCU) is a private church-founded university administered by the Church of Uganda. It was the first private University in Uganda to be awarded a charter by the Government of Uganda.
VSM Group
VSM Group AB (Viking Sewing Machines), previously named Husqvarna Sewing Machines is a company based in Huskvarna, Sweden.

Founded in 1872, the company is best known for "smart" (computerized) sewing machines and sergers under the brands Husqvarna Viking and Pfaff. The VSM brand produces several lines of sewing machines, the top being the Designer series and the lowest being the mechanical (non-computerized) Huskystars. The sewing machines change every year or so as the experts create upgrades. In February 2006 VSM Group was bought by Kohlberg & Co., who already owned the brand Singer. Singer and VSM Group have been merged into a company named SVP Worldwide, with headquarters in Hamilton, Bermuda, where the initials are reflecting the brands Singer, Viking and Pfaff.

Hamilton, Bermuda
Hamilton is the capital city of the British Overseas Territory of Bermuda, and the main settlement of Pembroke Parish. A port city, Hamilton is Bermuda's financial and commercial centre, and a popular tourist destination. Its population of 854 (2016) and its small land area make it one of the smallest capital cities in the world.
Suining Formation
The Suining Formation (simplified Chinese: 遂宁组; traditional Chinese: 遂寧組; pinyin: Suìníng Zǔ) is a geological formation in China whose strata likely date back to the Late Jurassic. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation.

Late Jurassic
The Late Jurassic is the third epoch of the Jurassic period, and it spans the geologic time from 161.5 ± 1.0 to 143.1 ± 0.6 million years ago (Ma), which is preserved in Upper Jurassic strata.

In European lithostratigraphy, the name "Malm" indicates rocks of Late Jurassic age. In the past, Malm was also used to indicate the unit of geological time, but this usage is now discouraged to make a clear distinction between lithostratigraphic and geochronologic/chronostratigraphic units.
Khichuqaqa
Khichuqaqa (Quechua khichu a piece of a whole, fraction, qaqa rock, also spelled K'echuqaqa) is an archaeological site in Peru with rock paintings and tombs nearby. It is situated in the Cusco Region, Urubamba Province, Urubamba District. The site lies at a height of about 3,160 metres (10,367 ft) on the slope of the mountain Kapuliyuq (Quechua for "the one with the bitter-berry tree", Capulliyoq).

Department of Cusco
Cusco,  also spelled Cuzco (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈkusko]; Aymara and Quechua: Qusqu [ˈqɔsqɔ]), is a department of Peru. It is the fourth-largest in the country, after Madre de Dios, Ucayali, and Loreto, and borders the departments of Ucayali on the north; Madre de Dios and Puno on the east; Arequipa on the south; and Apurímac, Ayacucho and Junín on the west. It is administered by a regional government. Its capital is Cusco, the historical capital of the Inca Empire.
1969 Chatham Cup
The 1969 Chatham Cup was the 42nd annual nationwide knockout football competition in New Zealand.

Early stages of the competition were run on a regional basis. In all, 89 teams took part in the competition. Note: Different sources give different numberings for the rounds of the competition: some start round one with the beginning of the regional qualifications; others start numbering from the first national knock-out stage. The former numbering scheme is used in this article.

The announcement of the start of the New Zealand National Soccer League in 1970 led to changes in the organisation of the Chatham Cup, and this was the last year prior to the creation of a more open draw.

New Zealand National Football Leagues
The New Zealand National League is the name given to the current New Zealand top football competition. Originally set up as the New Zealand National Soccer League there has been many versions of the competition as well as many different names. The most common format saw club teams play each other, at least two times, on a home and away basis. At the completion of those games, the best-performing team was declared as the New Zealand champion. The latest version has the clubs play in their regional leagues with the top teams qualifying for the Championship phase to then play each other for the champion.
Big Otter Creek
Big Otter Creek (alternately Otter River, Big Creek) is a waterway that empties into Lake Erie at Port Burwell, Ontario.
It is 42 kilometres (26 mi) long, and the area of its drainage basin is 712 square kilometres (275 sq mi).
The creek's headwaters are north of the Horseshoe Moraine, and its mouth is just west of the Long Point Conservation Area.  Scenic bluffs line the valley as it passes through the moraine.

Horseshoe Moraine
The Horseshoe Moraine is the name for a series of moraines that cover much of southern Ontario, west of the Niagara Escarpment.  A lobe of the horseshoe moraine abuts the well-known Oak Ridges Moraine in the extreme west of the headwaters of the Humber River.

The 150 kilometres (93 mi) long Paris-Galt Moraines are considered part of the Horseshoe Moraines.
Kamina Barracks
Kamina Barracks (6th Battalion of Infantry; 6Bn) is a settlement in Tamale for personnel of the Northern Regional Command of the Ghana Army branch of the Ghana Armed Forces. It was named after Kamina Funkstation; a short-wave radio transmitter in the German-occupied colony of Togoland (now Togo) in West Africa.

Togoland
Togoland, officially the Togoland Protectorate (German: Schutzgebiet Togo; French: Protectorat du Togo), was a protectorate of the German Empire in West Africa from 1884 to 1914, encompassing what is now the nation of Togo and most of what is now the Volta Region of Ghana, approximately 90,400 km2 (29,867 sq mi) in size. During the period known as the "Scramble for Africa", the colony was established in 1884 and was gradually extended inland.

At the outbreak of the First World War in 1914, the colony was invaded and quickly overrun by British and French forces during the Togoland campaign and placed under military rule. In 1916 the territory was divided into separate British and French administrative zones, and this was formalised in 1922 with the creation of British Togoland and French Togoland.
Satyam (2008 film)
Satyam (transl. Truth) is a 2008 Indian action film written and directed by A. Rajasekhar in his debut. The film was simultaneously shot in Tamil and Telugu titled as Salute, with a slightly different supporting cast. The film stars Vishal, Upendra and Nayanthara. It was produced by Vikram Krishna, Vishal's brother. The score and soundtrack were composed by Harris Jayaraj.

The film was released on 14 August 2008, and failed at the box office.

Vikram Krishna
Vikram Krishna Reddy, credited in films as Ajay, is a former  Indian film producer and actor in Tamil cinema. He is the elder brother of noted actor Vishal and is married to actress Sriya Reddy. He produced films under the banner G.K Film Corporation.
Mischliffen
Mischliffen or Michlifen is a mountain town in the Atlas Mountains of Morocco at an elevation of 2,100 metres (6,900 ft).

It is considered to be the "Moroccan Aspen" with skiing facilities in the winter..

Atlas Mountains
The Atlas Mountains are a mountain range in the Maghreb in North Africa. They separate the Sahara Desert from the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean; the mountain range stretches around 2,500 km (1,600 mi) through Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia. The mountains are associated with the Titan Atlas.  The range's highest peak is Toubkal, in central Morocco, with an elevation of 4,167 metres (13,671 ft). The Atlas Mountains are primarily inhabited by Berber populations.

The terms for 'mountain' are Adrar and adras in some Berber languages, and these terms are believed to be cognates of the toponym Atlas. The mountains are home to a number of animals and plants which are mostly found within Africa but some of which can be found in Europe. Many of these species are endangered and a few are already extinct. The weather is generally cool but summers are sunny, and the average temperature there is 25 °C.
Melissa Coleman
Melissa Coleman (born 1969) is an American author and columnist best known as the author of This Life Is in Your Hands, a childhood memoir exploring her iconic family's search for a sustainable lifestyle.

Coleman was born in Brooksville, Maine to parents Sue and Eliot Coleman of the Back-to-the-land movement of the 60s and 70s, and her parents have been referred to as disciples of Scott and Helen Nearing. Coleman is a columnist for Maine and Maine Home and Design magazines, and serves on the board of the Telling Room, a Portland, Maine writing center for kids. Coleman lives in Freeport, Maine, with her twin daughters.

Back-to-the-land movement
A back-to-the-land movement is any of various agrarian movements across different historical periods. The common thread is a call for people to take up smallholding and to grow food from the land with an emphasis on a greater degree of self-sufficiency, autonomy, and local community than found in a conventional industrial or postindustrial way of life. Some of the motives behind such movements have included social reform, land reform, and civilian war efforts. Groups involved have included political reformers, counterculture hippies, and religious separatists.
Takayanagi
Takayanagi (written: 高柳 lit "tall willow") is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Issei Takayanagi (高柳 一誠, born 1986), Japanese footballer

Kenjiro Takayanagi (高柳 健次郎, 1899–1990), Japanese television pioneer

Masayuki Takayanagi (高柳 昌行, 1932–1991), Japanese jazz musician

Masanobu Takayanagi (高柳 雅暢, born 1974), Japanese cinematographer

Satoshi Takayanagi (高柳 慧, born 1938), Japanese long jumper

Shigehito Takayanagi (高柳 滋仁), Japanese anime director

Shoko Takayanagi (高柳 昌子, born 1954), Japanese volleyball player

Tomoyo Takayanagi (高柳 知葉, born 1994), Japanese voice actress

Yuko Takayanagi (高柳 裕子, born 1965), Japanese fencer

Tomoyo Takayanagi
Tomoyo Takayanagi (高柳 知葉, Takayanagi Tomoyo; born October 14, 1994) is a Japanese voice actress. She is affiliated with Raccoon Dog. She made her voice acting debut in 2014 while still in training school. She is known for her roles as Oguri Cap in Uma Musume Pretty Derby, Mikan Hinatsuki in The Demon Girl Next Door, and Mira Konohata in Asteroid in Love.
Žejno
Žejno (pronounced [ˈʒeːi̯nɔ]) is a settlement in the hills south of Čatež ob Savi in the Municipality of Brežice in eastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Lower Sava Statistical Region.

Lower Sava Statistical Region
The Lower Sava Statistical Region (Slovene: posavska statistična regija; until December 31, 2014 spodnjeposavska statistična regija) is a statistical region in Slovenia. It has good traffic accessibility and is located in the Sava and Krka Valleys, with hilly areas with vineyards and an abundance of water. It is the second-smallest statistical region in Slovenia. The only nuclear power plant in the country and Čatež spa are located in the region. The region annually spends EUR 22 million on environmental protection. In 2013, the employment rate in the region was 57.5%. The region was characterized by the largest difference between the employment rate for men and for women (for men it was 12 percentage points higher than for women). In 2013 this region also stood out in number of convicted persons per 1,000 population (8.3).
Strathspey Camanachd
Strathspey Camanachd is a shinty club based in Grantown-on-Spey, Strathspey, Scotland, currently competing in the Marine Harvest North Division Two.

Founded in 2011 the club was admitted into senior league shinty for the beginning of the 2012 season.

North Division Two (shinty)
The North Division Two, currently known as the Mowi North Division 2 for sponsorship reasons, is the fourth tier of the men's shinty league system. The champions compete for the MacGillivray Junior Cup and are promoted to the North Division One.

Due to the folding of North Division Three no relegation currently takes place.
Krapkowice
Krapkowice (Polish: [krapkɔˈvit͡sɛ] ⓘ; German: Krappitz; Silesian: Krapkowicy) is a town in southern Poland with 16,301 inhabitants (2019), situated in the Opole Voivodeship, straddling both banks of the Oder River at the point where it joins with the Osobłoga. It is the regional capital of Krapkowice County.

Traditionally this Upper Silesian town was a centre for leather, paper and cement manufacturing. Today only the paper and leather industries remain. For example, in Krapkowice the toilet paper brand Mola is produced by a major job provider, Metsä.

Historically, it was known in Polish as Krapkowice, Chrapkowice and Krapowice.

Leather
Leather is a strong, flexible and durable material obtained from the tanning, or chemical treatment, of animal skins and hides to prevent decay. The most common leathers come from cattle, sheep, goats, equine animals, buffalo, pigs and hogs, ostriches, and aquatic animals such as seals and alligators.

Leather can be used to make a variety of items, including clothing, footwear, handbags, furniture, tools and sports equipment, and lasts for decades. Leather making has been practiced for more than 7,000 years and the leading producers of leather today are China and India.

Critics of tanneries claim that they engage in unsustainable practices that pose health hazards to the people and the environment near them.
Abel House
The Abel House, located at 2601 Paseo Drive in Great Bend, Kansas is a Lustron house built in 1949.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.

It is a "Westchester Deluxe" model.  It was built and sold by Dan Brack, the Lustron dealer in Great Bend.  It was bought by Walter and Betty Abel in 1949, and they lived there until 1952.  It was then used as a rental until the time of the NRHP registration.

Great Bend, Kansas
Great Bend is a city in and the county seat of Barton County, Kansas, United States.  It is named for its location at the point where the course of the Arkansas River bends east then southeast.  As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 14,733.  It is home to Barton Community College.
Arthur S. Adams
Arthur Stanton Adams (July 1, 1896 – November 18, 1980) was an American academic who served as the eighth president of the University of New Hampshire. He also served as Assistant Dean of Engineering and Director of the Engineering Science Management War Training Program and Provost at Cornell University. In 1948, he was appointed the eighth president of the University of New Hampshire in Nashua, New Hampshire.

He was chairman of the Reserve Forces Policy Board at the United States Department of Defense from 1953 to 1955. From 1962 to 1965, he served as the second president of the Salzburg Global Seminar, a non-profit organization based in Salzburg, Austria, whose mission is to challenge current and future leaders to develop creative ideas for solving global problems. Dr. Adams co-authored The Development of Physical Thought and Fundamentals of Thermodynamics.

Reserve Forces Policy Board
The Reserve Forces Policy Board (RFPB) is a federal advisory committee established by statute within the Office of the Secretary of Defense. Its purpose is to "serve as an independent adviser to the Secretary of Defense to provide advice and recommendations to the Secretary on strategies, policies, and practices designed to improve and enhance the capabilities, efficiency, and effectiveness of the reserve components". By law, the secretary of defense transmits annually to the president and Congress a separate annual report from the RFPB on reserve component matters the board considers appropriate to include in the report.
Holin superfamily VI
The Holin superfamily VI is a superfamily of integral membrane transport proteins. It is one of the seven different holin superfamilies in total. In general, these proteins are thought to play a role in regulated cell death, although functionality varies between families and individual members.

The Holin superfamily VI includes two TC families:

1.E.12 - The φAdh Holin (φAdh Holin) Family

1.E.26 - The Holin LLH (Holin LLH) Family

Superfamily VI includes families with members only from Bacillota. These proteins appear to have one N-terminal transmembrane segment (TMS), followed by an amphipathic, weakly hydrophobic peak that was not predicted to be transmembrane by the topological programs used by Reddy and Saier (2013). The average sizes of the members of the two families belonging to the Holin superfamily VI are 135 ± 11 and 130 ± 26 amino acyl residues (aas), respectively.

Membrane transport protein
A membrane transport protein is a membrane protein involved in the movement of ions, small molecules, and macromolecules such as another protein, across a biological membrane. Transport proteins are integral transmembrane proteins, that is: they exist permanently within and span the membrane, across which they transport substances. The proteins may assist in the movement of substances by facilitated diffusion, active transport, osmosis, or reverse diffusion. The two main types of proteins involved in such transport are broadly categorized as either channels or carriers (a.k.a. permeases or transporters). Examples of channel/carrier proteins include the GLUT 1 uniporter, sodium channels, and potassium channels. The solute carriers and atypical SLCs are secondary active or facilitative transporters in humans. Collectively membrane transporters and channels are known as the transportome. Transportomes govern cellular influx and efflux of, not only ions and nutrients, but drugs as well.