hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Plenasium javanicum
Plenasium javanicum is a fern in the family Osmundaceae. The genus Plenasium is recognized in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I); however, some sources place all Plenasium species in a more broadly defined Osmunda, treating this species as Osmunda javanica. It has a wide native distribution in south-eastern Asia, being found in the Eastern Himalaya, south-central and south east China (including Hainan), Indochina, the Philippines, Borneo, Sumatra, Sulawesi and Java.

Eastern Himalayas
The Eastern Himalayas extend from eastern Nepal across Northeast India, Bhutan, the Tibet Autonomous Region to Yunnan in China and northern Myanmar. The climate of this region is influenced by the monsoon of South Asia from June to September. It is a biodiversity hotspot, with notable biocultural diversity.
Larry McDonald
Lawrence Patton McDonald (April 1, 1935 – September 1, 1983) was an American physician, politician and a member of the United States House of Representatives, representing Georgia's 7th congressional district as a Democrat from 1975 until he was killed as a passenger on board Korean Air Lines Flight 007 when it was shot down by Soviet interceptors.

McDonald maintained the most conservative voting record of any Democrat in Congress and was anti-communist. He became chairman of the John Birch Society in 1983, months before his death. He was remembered as a martyr by American conservatives.

House Un-American Activities Committee
The House Committee on Un-American Activities (HCUA), popularly the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC), was an investigative committee of the United States House of Representatives created in 1938. Their goal was to investigate alleged disloyalty and subversive activities on the part of private citizens, public employees, and those organizations suspected of having communist ties. It became a standing (permanent) committee in 1946. Then, from 1969 and onward, it was known as the House Committee on Internal Security. When the House abolished the committee in 1975, its functions were transferred to the House Judiciary Committee.

The committee's anti-communist investigations are often associated with McCarthyism, although Joseph McCarthy himself (as a U.S. senator) had no direct involvement with the House committee. McCarthy was the chairman of the Government Operations Committee and its Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations of the U.S. Senate, not the House.
Marganell
Marganell (Catalan pronunciation: [məɾɣəˈneʎ]) is a municipality in the comarca of the Bages in Catalonia, Spain. It is situated on the northern slopes of Montserrat, and is also known as Santa Cecília de Montserrat (Catalan: [ˈsantə səˈsiliə ðə munsəˈrat]) in reference to the Benedictine monasteries (See Santa Cecília de Montserrat and Montserrat monastery). The agriculture in the municipality is mostly of cereals, and the majority of the active population works elsewhere (until recently, in the cotton mills of Castellbell i el Vilar).

Castellbell i el Vilar
Castellbell i el Vilar (Catalan pronunciation: [kəsˌteʎˈbeʎ i əl βiˈla]) is a municipality in the comarca of the Bages in Catalonia, Spain. It is situated at the point where the Llobregat river crosses the Prelittoral Range. 
The railway station serves both the FGC line R5 between Barcelona and Manresa and the Renfe line between Barcelona and Zaragoza. The C-1411 road links the municipality with Martorell and Manresa.

Castellbell i el Vilar is known for its cotton industry, although agriculture is at least as important to the local economy. Castellbell castle (gothic, fourteenth century) was one of the two main points (along with Claramunt castle) controlling access to the lower Llobregat valley, and hence to Barcelona. The bridge over the Llobregat also dates from the fourteenth century.
Latvia and the euro
European Union member states

20 in the eurozone
  1 acceding member, effective 1 January 2026 (Bulgaria)
  1 in ERM II, with an opt-out (Denmark)
  5 not in ERM II, but committed to join the eurozone on meeting the convergence criteria (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and Sweden)

Non–EU member states

4 using the euro with a monetary agreement (Andorra, Monaco, San Marino, and Vatican City)
  2 using the euro unilaterally (Kosovo and Montenegro)

v

t

e

Latvia replaced its previous currency, the lats, with the euro on 1 January 2014, after a European Union (EU) assessment in June 2013 asserted that the country had met all convergence criteria necessary for euro adoption.
The adoption process began 1 May 2004, when Latvia joined the European Union, entering the EU's Economic and Monetary Union. At the start of 2005, the lats was pegged to the euro at Ls 0.702804 = €1, and Latvia joined the European Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM ll), four months later on 2 May 2005.

San Marino euro coins
European Union member states

21 in the eurozone
  1 in ERM II, with an opt-out (Denmark)
  5 not in ERM II, but committed to join the eurozone after meeting the convergence criteria (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and Sweden)

Non–EU member states

4 using the euro with a monetary agreement (Andorra, Monaco, San Marino, and Vatican City)
  2 using the euro unilaterally (Kosovo and Montenegro)

v

t

e

Sammarinese euro coins feature separate designs for every coin. The Sammarinese euro coins are minted by Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato (IPZS), in Rome, Italy. The euro is the official currency of San Marino, although San Marino is not a member of the eurozone or the European Union. All coins are inscribed with the word "San Marino", the year of issue and the twelve stars of Europe.
Ohio Apportionment Board
The Ohio Apportionment Board was an administrative body that drew single-member legislative districts for the Ohio General Assembly every ten years from 1851 to 2011. Each of the 33 senate districts is composed of three contiguous House of Representatives district.

Ohio General Assembly
The Ohio General Assembly is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Ohio. It consists of the 99-member Ohio House of Representatives and the 33-member Ohio Senate. Both houses of the General Assembly meet at the Ohio Statehouse in Columbus.
1957 African Cup of Nations knockout stage
In the knockout stage of the 1957 African Cup of Nations, there were two semi-finals scheduled, but South Africa were disqualified for refusing to field a multi-racial team due to apartheid, meaning that Ethiopia were awarded a bye to the final.

The sole semi-final was held in Khartoum on 10 February, and the final was held in Khartoum on 16 February.

1957 African Cup of Nations
The 1957 African Cup of Nations was the 1st edition of the Africa Cup of Nations, the football championship of Africa organized by the Confederation of African Football (CAF). The competition took place between 10 and 16 February 1957. It was hosted by Sudan.

Organized by the African football continental association CAF, only three teams took part: Egypt, Ethiopia and Sudan. South Africa, which had originally entered, was disqualified due to its refusal to enter a multi-racial team, so only two games took place. Both games were played in the Municipal Stadium in the Sudanese capital Khartoum.

Egypt won the tournament and became the inaugural African football champions.
Fillmore West 1969: February 27th
Fillmore West 1969: February 27th is a live album by the rock band the Grateful Dead.  As the name suggests, it was recorded on February 27, 1969, at the Fillmore West in San Francisco.  It was produced as a four-disc vinyl LP, in a limited edition of 9,000 copies.  It was released on April 21, 2018, in conjunction with Record Store Day.

This performance of the songs "Dark Star" and "St. Stephen" was originally released on the 1969 album Live/Dead.  "That's It for the Other One" was originally released on the 1999 album So Many Roads (1965–1995).  "Cosmic Charlie" was originally released on the 2005 album Fillmore West 1969.  The entire concert was previously released as part of the box set Fillmore West 1969: The Complete Recordings.

The concert was the first of a four-night run at the Fillmore West – Thursday February 27 through Sunday March 2, 1969.  At these shows, the opening acts were the Sir Douglas Quintet and Pentangle.

Live/Dead
Live/Dead is the first official live album (and fourth overall) released by the rock band Grateful Dead. Recorded over a series of concerts in early 1969 and released later the same year, it was the first live rock album to use 16-track recording.

In 2005 the tracks "Dark Star", "St. Stephen", "Death Don't Have No Mercy", "Feedback" and "We Bid You Goodnight" were released, in their original sequence and with a new mix, on the respective February 27, 1969, and March 2, 1969, discs of the Fillmore West 1969: The Complete Recordings box set (the first 1:34 of "Dark Star" can be found on the previous track, "Mountains of the Moon"). "Feedback" and "We Bid You Goodnight" were also released on the triple disc, highlights release Fillmore West 1969.
2025 Mumbai Indians season
The 2025 season was the 18th season for the Indian Premier League (IPL) cricket franchise Mumbai Indians. They were one of the ten teams that competed in the 2025 Indian Premier League. The team was captained by Hardik Pandya and coached by Mahela Jayawardene.

The Mumbai Indians finished in fourth place in the league stage, and advanced to the Eliminator in playoffs. The team defeated Gujarat Titans in the Eliminator but were defeated in Qualifier 2 by Punjab Kings. Mumbai's Suryakumar Yadav scored the most runs (717) while, Trent Boult took the most wickets (22) for Mumbai in the 2025 season.

Hardik Pandya
Hardik Himanshu Pandya (born 11 October 1993) is an Indian international cricketer who plays for the Indian cricket team. He is an all-rounder who is a right-handed middle order batsman and fast-medium bowler. He is considered one of the best all-rounders in the world in white-ball cricket. Pandya is the first fast-bowling all-rounder in T20Is to complete 1,000 runs and 100 wickets. He captains Mumbai Indians in the Indian Premier League and occasionally plays for Baroda in domestic cricket. He has captained the Indian team in white-ball cricket and was the vice captain of the team that won the 2024 T20 World Cup.
Amphirho
In Greek mythology, Amphirho (Ancient Greek: Ἀμφιρὼ or Αμφιρω Amphirô) was an Oceanid, one of the 3,000 daughters of the Titans of the sea, Oceanus and Tethys. Amphirho had also the same parentage with that of the river-gods. Her name may probably mean "surrounding-river" from amphi and rhoos.

Oceanids
In Greek mythology, the Oceanids or Oceanides (/oʊˈsiːənɪdz, ˈoʊʃənɪdz/ oh-SEE-ə-nidz, OH-shə-nidz; Ancient Greek: Ὠκεανίδες, romanized: Ōkeanídes, sg. Ὠκεανίς, Ōkeanís) are the nymphs who were the three thousand (a number interpreted as meaning "innumerable") daughters of the Titans Oceanus and Tethys.
2014 World Club Challenge
The 2014 World Club Challenge was the 15th consecutive annual (and 22nd overall) World Club Challenge and was contested by Super League XVIII champions, Wigan Warriors and 2013 NRL Premiers, the Sydney Roosters. The 2014 World Club Challenge marked a return to Australia, 20 years after the last Australian based game. It was played on 22 February 2014 at Allianz Stadium in Sydney. The Roosters won the match 36–14.

By winning the World Club Challenge, the Roosters were the only team to win on Australian soil, but are the only team to have won twice. In 1976, Eastern Suburbs, the 1975 NSWRFL Premiers, defeated the 1975–76 English champions St. Helens 25–2 in front of 26,865 at the Sydney Cricket Ground.

2013 Super League season
Super League XVIII was the official name for the 2013 Super League season. Fourteen teams competed over 27 rounds, after which the highest finishing teams entered the play-offs to compete for a place in the Grand Final and a chance to win the championship and the Super League Trophy.
1987 New Zealand rugby league season
The 1987 New Zealand rugby league season was the 80th season of rugby league that had been played in New Zealand. The main feature of the year was the Interdistricts Series competition that was run by the New Zealand Rugby League. Auckland won the series, defeating the other three inter-district teams.

Auckland rugby league team
The Auckland rugby league team is the team which traditionally represents all of the clubs which play in the Auckland Rugby League competition. As well as a senior men's team there are also Auckland representative teams throughout the various age groups such as under 15s, under 17s, under 19s and under 21s.

Under the new zone scheme introduced in 2010 the Auckland team represents the North Shore, East Auckland and West Auckland, while South Auckland is represented by the Counties Manukau rugby league team. The zone team is named the Akarana Falcons.
Dihalomethane
The dihalomethanes are organic compounds in which two hydrogen atoms in methane are replaced by halogen atoms. They belong to the haloalkanes, specifically the subgroup of halomethanes, and contains ten members.

There are four members with only one kind of halogen atom: difluoromethane, dichloromethane, dibromomethane and diiodomethane.

There are six members with two kinds of halogen atoms:

Bromochloromethane

Bromofluoromethane

Bromoiodomethane

Chlorofluoromethane

Chloroiodomethane

Fluoroiodomethane

Bromochloromethane
Bromochloromethane or methylene bromochloride and Halon 1011 is a mixed halomethane. It is a heavy low-viscosity liquid with refractive index 1.4808.

Halon 1011 was invented for use in fire extinguishers in Germany during the mid-1940s, in an attempt to create a less toxic, more effective alternative to carbon tetrachloride. This was a concern in aircraft and tanks as carbon tetrachloride produced highly toxic by-products when discharged onto a fire. It was slightly less toxic, and used up until the late 1960s, being officially banned by the NFPA for use in fire extinguishers in 1969, as safer and more effective agents such as halon 1211 and 1301 were developed. Due to its ozone depletion potential its production was banned from January 1, 2002, at the Eleventh Meeting of the Parties for the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer.

Bromochloromethane's biodegradation is catalyzed by the hydrolase enzyme alkylhalidase:

CH2BrCl  + H2O   →   CH2O + HBr + HCl
Beak (bivalve)
The beak is part of the shell of a bivalve mollusk, i.e. part of the shell of a saltwater or freshwater clam.  The beak is the basal projection of the oldest part of the valve of the adult animal. The beak usually, but not always, coincides with the umbo, the highest and most prominent point on the valve. Because by definition, all bivalves have two valves, the shell of a bivalve has two umbones, and two beaks.

In many species of bivalves the beaks point towards one another. However, in some species of bivalves the beaks point posteriorly, in which case they are referred to as opisthogyrate; in others the beaks point forward, and are described as being prosogyrate.

If the beak is not eroded or worn down at all, it may still be capped with the prodissoconch, which is the larval shell of the animal.

Valve (mollusc)
A valve is each articulating part of the shell of a mollusc or another multi-shelled animal such as brachiopods and some crustaceans. Each part is known as a valve or in the case of chitons, a "plate". Members of two classes of molluscs, the Bivalvia (clams) and the Polyplacophora (chitons), have valves.

Species within one family of very unusual small sea snails, marine opisthobranch gastropods in the family Juliidae, also have two articulating shells or valves, which resemble those of a bivalve. This exceptional family is commonly known as the bivalved gastropods. Gastropods in general are sometimes called "univalves", because in those that have a shell, the shell is usually in one part.
Ganges Chasma
Ganges Chasma is a deep canyon at the eastern end of the vast Valles Marineris system on Mars, an offshoot of Capri Chasma, and is in the Coprates quadrangle.  It is named after the River Ganges in South Asia. Ganges Chasma is thought to have formed through a series of catastrophic discharges of water and CO2 from chaos terrains such as that preserved in Ganges Chaos at its southern margin. Most of the evidence for these discharges and the ensuing collapses is believed to have been washed away. Prior to developing an outlet that joined it to Capri Chasma and the connected outflow channels to its east, Ganges Chasma may at some point in the Noachian period have contained a lake which drained northward through partially subsurface pathways into Shalbatana Vallis.

Map of Xanthe Terra that shows location of Ganges Chasma and other major features

Cliff in northern wall of Ganges Chasma, as seen by THEMIS.  Click on image to see relationship with other features in the Coprates region.

Shalbatana Vallis
Shalbatana Vallis is an ancient water-worn channel on Mars, located in the Oxia Palus quadrangle at 7.8° north latitude and 42.1° west longitude. It is the westernmost of the southern Chryse outflow channels.  Beginning in a zone of chaotic terrain called Orson Welles crater, at 0° latitude and 46° W longitude, it ends in Chryse Planitia.
Vange Leonel
Maria Evangelina Leonel Gandolfo (4 May 1963 – 14 July 2014), known as Vange Leonel, was a Brazilian singer-songwriter, rhythm guitarist, journalist, blogger, cronista, novelist, playwright, beer sommelier, and feminist and LGBT rights activist. Known for her distinctive soulful, bluesy vocals heavily inspired by Billie Holiday and Janis Joplin, she was famous for her work with post-punk band Nau, active from 1985 to 1989, before beginning a solo career in 1991.

Beer sommelier
A beer sommelier, also known as a cicerone in the United States, is a trained professional, working in the hospitality and alcoholic beverage industry, who specializes in the service and knowledge of beer, similar to a traditional wine sommelier. The knowledge required for certification includes an understanding of styles, brewing, ingredients, history of beer and brewing, glassware, beer service, draught systems, beer tasting, and food pairings. The profession is relatively new but growing.
Dharamshala (type of building)
A dharamshala, also written as dharmashala, is a public resthouse or shelter in the Indian subcontinent. It also refers to Sikh places of worship before the introduction of Gurdwaras. Just as sarai are for travellers and caravans, dharamshalas are built for religious travellers at pilgrimage sites. In Nepal there are dharamshalas especially built for pilgrims as well as dharamshalas for locals.

Nitnem
Nitnem (Punjabi: ਨਿਤਨੇਮ, lit. 'daily routine') is a collection of Sikh hymns (Gurbani) to be read minimally 3 different times of the day. These are mandatory and to be read by every Amritdhari Sikh as expressed in the Sikh Rehat Maryada (the official Sikh Code of Conduct which acts as the ultimate "rulebook" for Amritdhari Sikhs). Optionally additional prayers may be added to a Sikh's nitnem. There are three hymns which are officially mandated by the Sikh Rehat Maryada to be recited at Amrit Vela (early hours of the morning between 2AM and 6AM), although two more are commonly recited alongside these, forming the 5 Baania (5 hymns). The Rehras Sahib hymn is also mandated in the evening, followed by Kirtan Sohila at night. The morning and evening prayers should be followed by an Ardaas.
Dragon drone
A dragon drone (Ukrainian: Дрон-дракон) also known as "Dracarys" is a type of incendiary unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) initially developed and dubbed by Ukraine's Ministry of Defense and Ukrainian private defense manufacturers. The drone is used to spray molten thermite, at a temperature of around 2,000 °C (3,630 °F), at military targets in order to burn down natural barriers and fortifications that hold combatant military units. The device was created in 2024 during the Russo–Ukrainian war as a means to destroy forested areas and remove the cover of Russian soldiers. Their first documented use was in August–September 2024.

Incendiary device
Incendiary weapons, incendiary devices, incendiary munitions, or incendiary bombs are weapons designed to start fires. They may destroy structures or sensitive equipment using fire, and sometimes operate as anti-personnel weaponry. Incendiaries utilize materials such as napalm, thermite, magnesium powder, chlorine trifluoride, or white phosphorus. Though colloquially often called "bombs", they are not explosives but in fact operate to slow the process of chemical reactions and use ignition rather than detonation to start or maintain the reaction. Napalm, for example, is petroleum especially thickened with certain chemicals into a gel to slow, but not stop, combustion, releasing energy over a longer time than an explosive device. In the case of napalm, the gel adheres to surfaces and resists suppression.
Battle of Kunovica
The Battle of Kunovica or Battle at Kunovitsa was fought between crusaders led by John Hunyadi and the armies of the Ottoman Empire on 2 or 5 January 1444, near the mountain Kunovica (Suva Planina) between Pirot and Niš, in present-day Serbia. It was part of the Long Campaign.

Pirot
Pirot (Serbian Cyrillic: Пирот) is a city and the administrative center of the Pirot District in southeastern Serbia. According to 2022 census, the urban area of the city has a population of 34,942, while the population of the city administrative area has 49,601 inhabitants.

The city has rich geographical features, including the mountains of Stara Planina, Vlaška Planina, Belava, Suva Planina; rivers which flow through the town, including Nišava, Jerma, Rasnička Reka, Temštica and the Visočica; and four lakes, the Zavoj Lake, Berovacko Lake, Krupac Lake and Sukovo Lake.

It also has a rich culture, with notable Orthodox church buildings, including the Church of St. Petka, and the monastery of St. Georges and St. John the Theologian from the late 14th century, both of which display an example of medieval architecture. Pirot is known for its traditional woven carpet, the Pirot carpet (Pirot ćilim).
2018 Pan American Youth Olympic Games Qualifier (boys' field hockey)
The 2018 Pan American Youth Olympic Games Qualifier for boys' field hockey, also known as 2018 Youth Pan American Championship, was an international field hockey competition which served as a qualification for the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics. The event was held from 12 – 17 March 2018 in Guadalajara, Mexico.

The winner and runner-up of this tournament will qualify for the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics. Argentina and Mexico became the winner and runner-up. However, since Argentina had already qualified at the host nation, the third placed team (Canada) has also qualified.

Field hockey at the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics
Field Hockey at the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics was held from 7 to 14 October. The events took place at the Parque Polideportivo Roca in Buenos Aires, Argentina. For the second Youth Olympics in a row, the format for this event was Hockey 5s, a 5-a-side tournament that is played on a smaller field size.