hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thomas Walsingham
Thomas Walsingham (died c. 1422) was an English chronicler, and is the source of much of the knowledge of the reigns of Richard II, Henry IV, Henry V and the latter reign of Edward III depicting the decline of the state of affairs of the English. He also documented the careers of John Wycliff and Wat Tyler.

Walsingham was a Benedictine monk who spent most of his life at St Albans Abbey, Hertfordshire where he was superintendent of the copying room (scriptorium). His works include the Chronicon Angliæ, controversially attacking John of Gaunt, and theYpodigma Neustriæ (Chronicle of Normandy), justifying Henry V's invasion, and dedicated it to him in 1419.

He has no relation to the 16th century Francis Walsingham, spymaster to Queen Elizabeth I.

Matthew of Westminster
Matthew of Westminster was long regarded as the author of the Flores Historiarum (in fact written by Matthew Paris), and is now thought never to have existed.

The error was first discovered in 1826 by Francis Turner Palgrave, who said that Matthew was "a phantom who never existed," and later the truth of this statement was completely proved by Henry Richards Luard. The name appears to have been taken from that of Matthew Paris, who likely authored the Flores to serve as an abridgement of his larger Chronica majora, and from Westminster Abbey, where the work was continued and copied after Paris's death.

He is sometimes surnamed Florilegus (lit. 'flower-gatherer'), in reference to the title of his supposed work.
Nimbostratus cloud
A nimbostratus cloud is a multilevel, amorphous, nearly uniform, and often dark-grey cloud that usually produces continuous rain, snow, or sleet, but no lightning or thunder.

Although it is usually a low-based stratiform cloud, it actually forms most commonly in the middle level of the troposphere and then spreads vertically into the low and high levels. Nimbostratus usually produces precipitation over a wide area.

The prefix nimbo- comes from the Latin word nimbus, which means "rain bearing cloud".

Downward-growing nimbostratus can have the same vertical extent as most large upward-growing cumulus, but its horizontal expanse tends to be even greater.

Thunder
Thunder is the sound caused by lightning. Depending upon the distance from and nature of the lightning, it can range from a long, low rumble to a sudden, loud crack. The sudden increase in temperature and hence pressure caused by the lightning produces rapid expansion of the air in the path of a lightning bolt. In turn, this expansion of air creates a sonic shock wave, often referred to as a "thunderclap" or "peal of thunder". The scientific study of thunder is known as brontology and the irrational fear (phobia) of thunder is called brontophobia.
All That We Make
All That We Make (French: Fermières) is a Canadian documentary film, directed by Annie St-Pierre and released in 2013. The film profiles four women associated with the Cercles de fermières du Québec, a provincewide network of local organizations for women involved in farming.

The film premiered as the closing gala at the 2013 Rencontres internationales du documentaire de Montréal.

The film received three Canadian Screen Award nominations, for Best Feature Length Documentary, Best Cinematography in a Documentary (Marie Davignon, Jessica Lee Gagné, Geneviève Perron) and Best Editing in a Documentary (Myriam Magassouba), at the 3rd Canadian Screen Awards in 2015.

Canadian Screen Award for Best Cinematography in a Documentary
The Canadian Screen Award for Best Cinematography in a Documentary is an annual award, presented as part of the Canadian Screen Awards program to honour the year's best cinematography in a documentary film. It is presented separately from the Canadian Screen Award for Best Cinematography for feature films.

On two prior occasions, at the 1st Genie Awards in 1980 and at the short-lived Bijou Awards in 1981, awards were presented for Best Cinematography in a Documentary (Non-Feature), covering short documentaries and television programs, but not for feature documentaries. Nonetheless, the winners and nominees in those years have been included below. In the 1960s, both short and feature documentary films were sometimes winners of the Canadian Film Award for Best Cinematography, as relatively few Canadian narrative features were made in that era, but this was not continued after 1969.
Louis Horst
Louis Horst (born January 12, 1884, Kansas City, Missouri – died January 23, 1964, New York City) was a composer, and pianist. He helped to define the principles of modern dance choreographic technique, most notably the matching of choreography to pre-existing musical structure and the use of contemporary music for dance scores.

Dance notation
Dance notation is the symbolic representation of human dance movement and form, using methods such as graphic symbols and figures, path mapping, numerical systems, and letter and word notations. Several dance notation systems have been invented, many of which are designed to document specific types of dance while others have been developed with capturing the broader spectrum of human movement potential. A dance score is a recorded dance notation that describes a particular dance.
Candyland (Brooke Candy album)
Candyland is the second studio album by American musician Brooke Candy, released on July 25, 2024. It is her first finalized project since the release of her debut album Sexorcism (2019). It features a wider array of genres and styles than the largely trap-based sound showcased throughout her previous album, a choice which Candy has attributed to the desire to "give a taste of each individual facet of [her] brain", ultimately describing the album as "candy-coated pop".

Paper (magazine)
Paper (also known as Paper Mag) is a New York City-based independent magazine focusing on fashion, popular culture, nightlife, music, art, and film. Initially produced monthly, the magazine eventually became a quarterly publication, and a digital version was made available online at papermag.com.

In 2020, physical production of the magazine was paused following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. The publication continued to create and release content online via its website.
Listed buildings in Fazeley
Fazeley is a civil parish in the district of Lichfield, Staffordshire, England.  The parish contains 21 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  All the listed buildings are designated at Grade II, the lowest of the three grades, which is applied to "buildings of national importance and special interest".  The parish includes the town of Fazeley and the surrounding area.  The Birmingham and Fazeley Canal and the Coventry Canal meet in the parish at Fazeley Junction, and four bridges crossing the former canal are listed.  The other listed buildings include houses and cottages, a farmhouse, mills and associated structures, a road bridge, a church, and three mileposts.

Birmingham and Fazeley Canal
The Birmingham and Fazeley Canal is a canal of the Birmingham Canal Navigations in the West Midlands of England. Its purpose was to provide a link between the Coventry Canal and Birmingham and thereby connect Birmingham to London via the Oxford Canal.
Grigory Helbach
Grigory Helbach (also spelled Hellbach, Gelbach, or Gelbak) (13 January 1863, Zvenyhorodka – 3 August 1930) was a Russian chess master.

He tied for 6-7th at Moscow 1899 (the 1st All-Russian Masters' Tournament, Mikhail Chigorin won), took 6th at St. Petersburg 1900 (Chigorin and Alexander Levin won), shared 1st with Sergey Lebedev at St. Petersburg 1901, took 7th at St. Petersburg 1902, shared 1st at St.Petersburg 1903, took 15th at St. Petersburg 1905/06 (the 4th RUS-ch, Gersz Salwe won), and tied for 15-16th at St. Petersburg 1909 (All-Russian Amateur Tournament, Alexander Alekhine won). He won a game against Alexei Alekhine in a friendly team match St. Petersburg vs. Moscow (6:3) in 1911.

Zvenyhorodka
Zvenyhorodka (Ukrainian: Звенигородка, IPA: [zwenɪɦoˈrɔdkɐ] ⓘ) is a city in Cherkasy Oblast, central Ukraine, situated on the Hnylyi Tikych River. The town is the administrative center of Zvenyhorodka Raion. It hosts the administration of Zvenyhorodka urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. The city has a population of 16,269 (2022 estimate).
Arnstein Finstad
Arnstein Finstad (born 21 March 1978) is a Norwegian cross-country skier.

He made his World Cup debut in March 2002 in Oslo, and collected his first World Cup points with a 27th place in Stockholm in February 2004. One week later he finished 19th in Drammen. He has only competed in sprint events.

He represents the sports club Steinkjer SK, and lives in Steinkjer.

Drammen
Drammen (Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈdrɑ̀mːən] ⓘ) is a city and municipality in Buskerud county, Norway. The port and river city of Drammen is centrally located in the south-eastern and most populated part of Norway. Drammen municipality also includes smaller towns and villages such as Konnerud, Svelvik, Mjøndalen and Skoger.
Alejandro Maldonado (athlete)
Alejandro Alberto Maldonado (born 7 March 1977) is an Argentine Paralympic athlete who competes in both middle-distance and long-distance wheelchair racing at international elite events. He is a seven-time Parapan American Games medalist and has competed at the 2004 and 2008 Summer Paralympics.

Wheelchair racing
Wheelchair racing is the racing of wheelchairs in track and road races. Wheelchair racing is open to athletes with any qualifying type of disability, including leg amputees, spinal cord injuries, and cerebral palsy. Athletes are classified in accordance with the nature and severity of their disability or combinations of disabilities. Like running, it can take place on a track or as a road race. The main competitions take place at the Summer Paralympics which wheelchair racing and athletics has been a part of since 1960. Competitors compete in specialized wheelchairs which allow the athletes to reach speeds of 30 km/h (18.6 mph) or more. It is one of the most prominent forms of Paralympic athletics.
Alphonse Matoubela
Alphonse Matoubela (born 15 October 1958) is a boxer from the Republic of Congo, who competed in the lightweight (– 60 kg) division at the 1980 Summer Olympics. Matoubela lost his opening bout to Tibor Dezamits of Hungary by decision, 0-5. He was born in Léopoldville, Belgian Congo.

Boxing at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Boxing at the 1980 Summer Olympics took place at the Indoor Stadium of the Olympiski Sports Complex in Moscow from 20 July to 2 August. Eleven boxing events (all men's individual) were contested with the participation of 271 fighters from 51 countries.
Angela Davis Johnson
Angela Davis Johnson (born 1981) is an American interdisciplinary artist whose work includes themes related to the African diaspora and cultural memory in the American South. She has lived and worked in several cities, including Philadelphia, Atlanta, New Orleans, and Little Rock.

Cultural memory
Cultural memory is a form of collective memory shared by a group of people who share a culture. The theory posits that memory is not just an individual, private experience but also part of the collective domain, which both shapes the future and our understanding of the past. It has become a topic in both historiography, which emphasizes the process of forming cultural memory, and cultural studies, which emphasizes the implications and objects of cultural memory.

Two schools of thought have emerged: one articulates that the present shapes our understanding of the past, while the other assumes that the past has an influence on our present behavior. It has, however, been pointed out  that these two approaches are not necessarily mutually exclusive.

The idea of cultural memory draws heavily on European social anthropology, especially German and French. It is not well established in the English-speaking world.
Holy-mountain salamander
The Holy-mountain salamander (Bolitoglossa heiroreias) is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae.
It is found in El Salvador, Guatemala, and possibly Honduras.
Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.
It is threatened by habitat loss.

Plethodontidae
Plethodontidae, or lungless salamanders, are a family of salamanders. With over 500 species, lungless salamanders are by far the largest family of salamanders in terms of their diversity. Most species are native to the Western Hemisphere, from British Columbia to Brazil. Only two extant genera occur in the Eastern Hemisphere: Speleomantes (native to Sardinia and mainland Europe south of the Alps) and Karsenia (native to South Korea).
1918 Calgary municipal election
The 1918 Calgary municipal election was held on December 9, 1918, to a Mayor and six Aldermen to sit on Calgary City Council. Additionally a Commissioner, three members for the Public School Board were elected.

There were twelve aldermen on city council, but five of the positions were already filled: Samuel Hunter Adams, Andrew Graham Broatch, Frank Roy Freeze, Annie Gale, and Albert Mahaffy were all elected to two-year terms in 1917 and were still in office. Robert Colin Marshall was elected as an Alderman in 1917 for a two-year term, but resigned to run for mayor.

A number of plebiscites were held, all requiring a majority to pass.

The election was held under the Single Transferable Voting/Proportional Representation (STV/PR) with the term for Alderman being two years and the Mayor being one year. The Alderman seat vacated by Marshall would be held by the 7th-place finisher in the election for a period of one year.

Calgary Board of Education
Calgary School District No. 19 or the Calgary Board of Education (CBE) is the public school board in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. As a public system, the CBE is required to accept any students who meet age and residency requirements, regardless of religion. Calgary Board of Education (CBE) was founded in 1885 as the Calgary Protestant Public School District No. 19.
Stephen McCaffrey
Stephen Conolley McCaffrey (born 1945) is an American legal academic.

McCaffrey earned his bachelor's degree from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1967, followed by a Juris Doctor at the University of California, Berkeley in 1971, and a Dr. Jur. from the University of Cologne in 1974. He was a professor at the Southwestern University School of Law between 1974 and 1977, when he joined the McGeorge School of Law at the University of the Pacific. He was appointed Carol Olson Endowed Professor of International Law, and in 2000, became a distinguished professor of law. McCaffrey won the Stockholm Water Prize in 2017, and, the next year, received the Distinguished Elisabeth Haub Award for Environmental Law and Diplomacy from Pace University's Elisabeth Haub School of Law.

Southwestern Law School
Southwestern Law School is a private law school in Los Angeles, California. It is accredited by the American Bar Association and enrolls nearly 1,000 students. Its campus includes the Bullocks Wilshire building, an Art Deco National Register of Historic Places landmark built in 1929. Southwestern is an independent law school with affiliation to the undergraduate program at California State University, Northridge.
Odunola Abayomi
Odunola Abayomi (born 17 April 1990) is a Nigerian serial entrepreneur, business coach, brand and media consultant and TV presenter.  She is the host of The TOD Show, which has been aired on WAP TV and MYTV.

She emerged as Eko Fastest Growing Entrepreneur of the Year at the Eko Heritage Awards in 2023. She is also a recipient of the Maya Awards, at which she emerged as CEO of the Year; she is also a honouree at the Lagos Achievers' Awards.

Wale Adenuga Production
Wale Adenuga Productions Limited (in abbreviation WAPL or WAP) is a Nigeria entertainment and magazine specializes in movie production and TV programs. The industry was the sponsored and owner of Super Story family, Papa Ajasco and Binta.
Vladislav Lauda
Vladislav Lauda (born 25 January 1955) is a retired football striker.

During his club career, Lauda played for Slavia Prague, Sigma Olomouc and AEL Limassol. He also made 3 appearances for the Czech national team, scoring 1 goal.

Czechoslovakia national football team
The Czechoslovakia national football team (Czech: Československá fotbalová reprezentace, Slovak: Česko-slovenské národné futbalové mužstvo) represented Czechoslovakia in men's international football from 1919 to 1993. The team was controlled by the Czechoslovak Football Association, and the team qualified for eight World Cups and three European Championships. It had two runner-up finishes in World Cups, in 1934 and 1962, and won the European Championship in the 1976 tournament.

At the time of the dissolution of Czechoslovakia at the end of 1992, the team was participating in UEFA qualifying Group 4 for the 1994 World Cup; it completed the remainder of this campaign under the name Representation of Czechs and Slovaks (RČS, Czech: Reprezentace Čechů a Slováků, Slovak: Reprezentácia Čechov a Slovákov) before it was disbanded in November 1993. Both the Czech and Slovak national teams are considered to be the joint successors of the Czechoslovak record.
Schönebeck (Verwaltungsgemeinschaft)
Schönebeck (Elbe) is a former Verwaltungsgemeinschaft ("collective municipality") in the Salzlandkreis district, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. The seat of the Verwaltungsgemeinschaft was in Schönebeck. It was disbanded in January 2009.

The Verwaltungsgemeinschaft Schönebeck (Elbe) consisted of the following municipalities:

Plötzky

Pretzien

Ranies

Schönebeck

52°01′01″N 11°45′00″E﻿ / ﻿52.017°N 11.750°E﻿ / 52.017; 11.750

Salzlandkreis
Salzland is a district in the middle of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Its area is 1,428.1 km2 (551.4 sq mi). It is bounded by (from the west and clockwise) the districts Harz, Börde, Magdeburg, Jerichower Land, Anhalt-Bitterfeld, Mansfeld-Südharz and Saalekreis.
St. Mary's Catholic Church (Custer, Michigan)
St. Mary's Catholic Church is a Roman Catholic church of the Diocese of Grand Rapids located in Custer, Michigan. Established in 1933, it continues to be a place of worship for Catholic residents of Custer and Scottville, Michigan following the closure of St. Jerome in Scottville in 2012.

Diocese of Grand Rapids
The Diocese of Grand Rapids (Latin: Dioecesis Grandcataractensis) is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church in western Michigan in the United States. It comprises 80 parishes in 11 counties. It is a suffragan see to the Archdiocese of Detroit. The mother church of the diocese is the Cathedral of Saint Andrew in Grand Rapids. On April 18, 2013, Pope Francis appointed David J. Walkowiak to be the twelfth bishop of Grand Rapids.
Donald Raleigh (historian)
Donald J. Raleigh is an American scholar specializing in twentieth-century Russian history. He is the Jay Richard Judson Distinguished Professor of History at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He obtained his BA degree from Knox College in 1971, followed by MA and PhD degrees from Indiana University Bloomington. He has written extensively on the Russian Revolution, on local history (including two books on the Saratov region), and on Soviet oral history. He edited the scholarly journal Soviet (Russian) Studies in History and the monograph series The New Russian History.

More recently, he has researched the life and times of Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev. His 2011 book Soviet Baby Boomers: An Oral History of Russia’s Cold War Generation was nominated for the Pushkin House Book Award.

Pushkin House Russian Book Prize
The Pushkin House Book Prize is an annual book prize, awarded to the best non-fiction writing on Russia in the English language. The prize was inaugurated in 2013. The prize amount as of 2020 has been £10,000. The advisory board for the prize is made up of Russia experts including Rodric Braithwaite, Andrew Jack, Bridget Kendall, Andrew Nurnberg, Marc Polonsky, and Douglas Smith.
Victrix tabora
Victrix tabora is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in the south-eastern part of the Taurus Mountains in Turkey, the mountains of northern Iraq and western Iran and the Judean Mountains in Israel.

Adults are on wing in autumn. There is one generation per year.

Judaean Mountains
The Judaean Mountains, or Judaean Hills (Hebrew: הרי יהודה, romanized: Harei Yehuda) or the Hebron Hills (Arabic: تلال الخليل, romanized: Tilāl Al-ḵalīl or Arabic: جبال الخليل, romanized: Jibāl Al-ḵalīl, lit. 'Hebron mountains',) are a mountain range in the West Bank and Israel  where Jerusalem, Bethlehem, Hebron and several other biblical sites are located. The mountains reach a height of 1,026 metres (3,366 ft). The Judean Mountains can be divided into a number of sub-regions, including the Mount Hebron ridge, the Jerusalem ridge and the Judean slopes.

The Judaean Mountains formed the heartland of the Kingdom of Judah (930–586 BCE), where the earliest Jewish settlements emerged, and from which Jews are originally descended.
HMCS Magog
HMCS Magog was a River-class frigate that served in the Royal Canadian Navy (RCN) during the Second World War. She was used primarily as a convoy escort. On 14 October 1944, she was torpedoed by U-1223. She survived the attack, was towed to port and declared a constructive total loss. Magog was named for the town of Magog, Quebec.

Magog was ordered in October 1941 as part of the 1942-1942 River-class building program. She was laid down on 16 June 1943 by Canadian Vickers Ltd. at Montreal and launched on 22 September 1943. Magog was commissioned into the RCN at Quebec City on 7 May 1944 with the pennant number K673.

Magog, Quebec
Magog (locally /ˈmeɪɡɔːɡ/ MAY-gawg, French: [maɡɔɡ]) is a city in southeastern Quebec, Canada, about 120 kilometres (75 mi) east of Montreal at the confluence of Lake Memphremagog—after which the city was named—with the Rivière aux Cerises and the Magog River. It is a major centre and industrial city in the Regional County Municipality of Memphremagog. The city lies in the Eastern Townships tourist region.

In 2002, the City of Magog was merged with the Township of Magog and the Village of Omerville as part of the municipal reorganization in Quebec.
Palovesi
Palovesi or sometimes Palovesi–Jäminginselkä is a lake in Ruovesi, Pirkanmaa. It is the 89th largest lake in Finland.

If the basin of the Vaskivesi – Visuvesi, Palovesi-Jäminginselkä  and Tarjanne lakes  is interpreted as the Great Trajanus, its area reaches about 210 square kilometres (81 sq mi), which makes this the 18th largest lake in Finland.

Tarjanne
Tarjanne (also Tarjannevesi) is a medium-sized lake in Finland. It is situated in the municipalities of Ruovesi, Virrat and Mänttä-Vilppula in the Pirkanmaa region in western Finland. The lake is part of the Kokemäenjoki basin. The main inflows are the lake Vaskivesi and a chain of lakes north of it in the west and a chain of lakes from the lake Pihlajavesi in the north. The lake drains into the Lake Ruovesi in the south.
Rodolfo Dieseldorff
Rodolfo Dieseldorff (Born in the mid-19th century, died in the 1940s) was the first German to arrive in Guatemala, around 1863, brought new influences and notable changes in the commercial and architectural culture of the place. After the sending a letter to Germany, provoked a wave of Germans to Guatemala. Later he invite his whole family to live in Guatemala. At the end of his long career by sea, Rodolfo Dieseldorff chosen as the target Gualán, Zacapa. He experimented with the cultivation of cotton, but the plagues lost his crop. This forced him to seek other routes and started a new project in the trade, which led to Alta Verapaz, where he settled. The descendants of this family still have several fincas in Alta Verapaz where coffee is still grown.

Zacapa
Zacapa (Spanish pronunciation: [saˈkapa]) is the departmental capital municipality of Zacapa Department, one of the 22 Departments of Guatemala. It is located approximately 112 kilometres (70 mi) from Guatemala City.