hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Minangkabau businesspeople
Minangkabau businesspeople refers to merchants from the Minangkabau Highlands in central Sumatra, Indonesia. Minangkabau are the ethnic majority in West Sumatra and Negeri Sembilan. Minangkabau are also a recognised minority in other parts of Indonesia as well as Malaysia, Singapore and the Netherlands.

Pariaman
Pariaman (Jawi: ڤريامن‎), is a coastal city in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Pariaman covers an area of 73.36 km2 (28 sq mi), with a 12 km (7 mi) coastline. It had a population of 79,043 at the 2010 Census and 94,224 at the 2020 census; the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 97,206 - comprising 49,131 males and 48,075 females. "Pariaman" means "safe area".
Former Residence of Zhang Jingjiang
The Former Residence of Zhang Jingjiang (simplified Chinese: 张静江故居; traditional Chinese: 張靜江故居; pinyin: Zhāng Jìngjiāng Gùjū), also known as Hall of Zunde (Chinese: 尊德堂; lit. 'Hall of Respecting Moral Character'), is the birthplace and former residence of Zhang Jingjiang, one of the "Four Elder Statesmen" of the Kuomintang.

Zhang Renjie
Zhang Renjie (Chinese: 張人傑; pinyin: Zhāng Rénjié; Wade–Giles: Chang1 Jen2-chieh2; born Zhang Jingjiang; 19 September 1877 − 3 September 1950) was a political figure and financial entrepreneur in the Republic of China. He studied and worked in France in the early 1900s, where he became an early Chinese anarchist under the influence of Li Shizeng and Wu Zhihui, his lifelong friends. He became wealthy trading Chinese artworks in the West and investing on the Shanghai stock exchange. Zhang gave generous financial support to Sun Yat-sen and was an early patron of Chiang Kai-shek. In the 1920s, he, Li, Wu and the educator Cai Yuanpei were known as the fiercely anti-Communist Four Elders of the Chinese Nationalist Party.
Stoke Hall, Cheshire
Stoke Hall is a Grade II listed mansion on Stoke Hall Lane in the civil parish of Stoke in Cheshire East, England. The large L-shaped building dates originally from the early 17th century, but has a 19th-century appearance. It is built from red brick, in Flemish bond, with a slate roof.

The hall originally belonged to the Minshull family, who owned the manor of Stoke in the 17th century. A disused dovecote with a bell turret in the grounds of the hall dates from the late 18th century; it is also listed at grade II.

The building was Grade II listed on 10 June 1952. The hall gives its name to the lane from which it is accessed.

Flemish bond
Flemish bond is a pattern of brickwork that is a common feature in Georgian architecture. The pattern features bricks laid lengthwise (stretchers) alternating with bricks laid with their shorter ends exposed (headers) within the same courses. This decorative pattern can be accented by glazing or burning the exposed ends of the headers so that they possess a dark, glassy surface that contrasts with the stretchers.: 23  Despite the bond's name, the pattern did not originate in Flanders and can be found in European architecture dating to the late Middle Ages.

The pattern became popular among prestigious architectural projects in 17th-century England before spreading to British colonies in North America where it became closely associated with colonial Georgian architecture, especially in Virginia and Pennsylvania. With the early 20th-century restoration project at Colonial Williamsburg, the pattern experienced renewed popularity in the United States.
Medical University of Lublin
The Medical University of Lublin dates back to 1944 in Lublin, Poland. The university gained its autonomy in 1950. Over the years, new departments were added such as the Department of Dentistry in 1973.

The university maintains lively international scientific contacts in cooperation with Hvidovre Hospital in Copenhagen, Denmark; Ziekenhuis-Tilburg Hospital (Netherlands), and Lviv Medical University in Ukraine, among others.

Hvidovre Hospital
Hvidovre Hospital is a hospital in Hvidovre near Copenhagen in Denmark. It is administered by the Capital Region of Denmark.

The hospital was built from 1968 to 1979 and was officially opened on March 26, 1976. The hospital stands out for not being built high - the four main building are just three stories, whereas the building spans over 300,000 square meters.

Hvidovre Hospital is one of Denmark's largest with more than 40,000 patients admitted each year. It has 35 departments, including Denmark's largest delivery ward with more than 5,500 deliveries a year.

The hospital is a teaching hospital for medical students from Copenhagen University.
Muppet Kids
Muppet Kids is a sub-franchise of The Muppets created by Jim Henson, that ran throughout the late 1980s to the 2000s. Like Muppet Babies, the series featured child/pre-teen versions of the Muppets consisting of: Kermit, Miss Piggy, Animal, Gonzo, Fozzie, Bean Bunny, Rolf, Janice, Skeeter and Scooter.

Media franchise
A media franchise, also known as a multimedia franchise, is a collection of related media in which several derivative works have been produced from an original creative work of fiction, such as a film, a work of literature, a television program, or a video game. Bob Iger, chief executive of the Walt Disney Company, defined the word franchise as "something that creates value across multiple businesses and across multiple territories over a long period of time."
The Journey (2021 film)
The Journey is a Japanese–Saudi Arabian animated action film directed by Kōbun Shizuno, written by Atsuhiro Tomioka and co-produced by Toei Animation and Manga Productions. The film, based on the Islamic historical event, the Year of the Elephant, revolves around a potter named Aus who joins a battle to defend his home city of Mecca. The film was released in Japan, the Middle East and North Africa in June 2021.

Abd al-Muttalib
Shayba ibn Hāshim (Arabic: شيبة بن هاشم; c. 481–578), better known as ʿAbd al-Muttalib, (Arabic: عبد المطلب, lit. 'Servant of Muttalib') was the fourth chief of the Quraysh tribal confederation and grandfather of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
Postage stamps and postal history of the Southern Nigeria Protectorate
This is a survey of the postage stamps and postal history of the Southern Nigeria Protectorate.

The Southern Nigeria Protectorate was a British protectorate in the coastal areas of modern-day Nigeria, formed in 1900 from a union of the Niger Coast Protectorate with territories chartered by the Royal Niger Company below Lokoja on the Niger River. The Lagos Colony was added in 1906, and the territory was officially renamed the Colony and Protectorate of Southern Nigeria. In 1914, Southern Nigeria was joined with Northern Nigeria to form the single colony of Nigeria.

Postal history
Postal history is the study of postal systems and how they operate and, or, the study of the use of postage stamps and covers and associated postal artifacts illustrating historical episodes in the development of postal systems. The term is attributed to Robson Lowe, a professional philatelist, stamp dealer and stamp auctioneer, who made the first organised study of the subject in the 1930s and described philatelists as "students of science", but postal historians as "students of humanity".  More precisely, philatelists describe postal history as the study of rates, routes, markings, and means (of transport).
Scootie Randall
Andrew "Scootie" Randall (born January 5, 1990) is an American professional basketball player for Rizing Zephyr Fukuoka in Japan. He played college basketball for Temple. As a junior, he averaged 10.7 points and 4.7 rebounds per game but missed seven games with a hairline fracture. In his senior season in 2012-13, Randall averaged 11.3 points, 6.3 rebounds and 2.1 assists per game. After graduation, he moved to Japan and joined the Iwate Big Bulls. In 2015, he averaged 20.2 points per game and made the All-Star Team. The following year, Randall played for Shimane Susanoo Magic, averaging 23.5 points, 8.9 rebounds and 2 assists per game. He was named All-Japanese BJ League Forward of the Year.

Iwate Big Bulls
The Iwate Big Bulls (岩手ビッグブルズ, Iwate Bigguburuzu) are a Japanese professional basketball team based in Morioka, Japan. The Big Bulls compete in the second division of the B.League as a member of the Eastern Conference.

The team's name is a reference to Iwate being the largest prefecture in Honshu, and cattle being a well-known symbol of the region.
Monk Street
Monk Street is a hamlet in the civil parish of Thaxted, in the Uttlesford district of Essex, England. It is 1.5 miles (2.4 km) south of the town of Thaxted, on the main B184 road to Great Dunmow. The name of the hamlet is probably linked to the former Cistercian abbey in nearby Tilty.

The composer Gustav Holst rented a thatched cottage in Monk Street from his friend Samuel Bensusan in 1915. It was whilst staying in this cottage that Holst worked on The Planets suite. In 1917 Holst moved to a house in Town Street, Thaxted. The cottage, which dated from 1614, burnt down in the early 1940s.

The main A130 trunk road once passed through the centre of the hamlet, but it was bypassed by a road straightening and widening scheme in the 1960s.

Uttlesford
Uttlesford is a local government district in Essex, England. Its council is based in the town of Saffron Walden. The district also includes the town of Great Dunmow and numerous villages, including Stansted Mountfitchet, Takeley, Elsenham,  Thaxted, and Newport. The district covers a largely rural area in the north-west of Essex. London Stansted Airport lies within the district.

The neighbouring districts are Braintree, Chelmsford, Epping Forest, East Hertfordshire, North Hertfordshire and South Cambridgeshire.
Songs of Mass Destruction
Songs of Mass Destruction is the fourth solo studio album by Scottish singer Annie Lennox, released on 1 October 2007 by RCA Records and 19 Recordings. It was her first album of new material since 2003's Bare, and to date her most recent of original material.

K.d. lang
Kathryn Dawn Lang OC AOE (born November 2, 1961), known by her stage name k.d. lang (stylised in all lowercase), is a Canadian pop and country singer-songwriter and occasional actress. Lang has won Juno Awards and Grammy Awards for her musical performances. Her hits include the songs "Constant Craving" and "Miss Chatelaine".

A mezzo-soprano, lang has contributed songs to movie soundtracks and has collaborated with musicians such as Roy Orbison, Tony Bennett, Elton John, the Killers, Anne Murray, Ann Wilson, Karen Carpenter, and Jane Siberry. She performed at the closing ceremony of the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary, Alberta, and at the opening ceremony of the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, British Columbia, where she performed Leonard Cohen's "Hallelujah".

Lang has also been active as an animal rights, LGBTQ rights, and Tibetan human rights activist. She is a tantric practitioner of the old school of Tibetan Buddhism.
Railpower RP14BD
The RP14BD is a diesel-electric switcher locomotive built by Railpower Technologies.  It is a "genset" locomotive, having two engine-generator sets.

The engines are computer controlled, with the computer stopping and starting engines on a rotating basis, as required to produce the horsepower needed at any given moment.

RP14BDs are rebuilt from older locomotives. They can be built with or without an operating cab.

Cab (locomotive)
The cab, crew compartment or driver's compartment of a locomotive, or a self-propelled rail vehicle, is the part housing the train driver, fireman or secondman (if any), and the controls necessary for the locomotive or self-propelled rail vehicle's operation.
Knut Rønningen
Knut Rønningen (20 July 1938 – 3 February 2020) was a Norwegian biotechnologist.

He was born in Tylldalen. He studied at the Norwegian College of Agriculture, Edinburgh and Cornell University, before finally taking his dr.agric. degree at the Norwegian College of Agriculture in 1970. He became a professor at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences in 1972, then at the Norwegian School of Veterinary Science in 1981. Here he also served as prorector from 1989 to 1995.

He was a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters from 1987. Among his board memberships, he chaired the board of Matforsk.

Norwegian School of Veterinary Science
Norwegian School of Veterinary Science (Norwegian: Norges veterinærhøgskole) or NVH was a public university located at Adamstuen in Oslo, that educated veterinarians and veterinary nurses as well as research within aquatic medicine, food safety, comparative medicine and mammalian diseases, health and welfare. The institution had about 450 employees and 500 students. Parts of the research were conducted in Tromsø and Sandnes.

On 6 January 2014 the school joined with the Norwegian University of Life Sciences in Ås, and by 2020 it will be completely relocated to the same location.
Metalasia erubescens
Metalasia erubescens is a flowering subshrub that is part of the Asteraceae family. The species is endemic to the Western Cape. The plant occurs from Elgin to Caledon, the Swartberg Mountains and Cape Agulhas. It grows from sea level to slopes of 1000 m and is part of the fynbos.

Swartberg
The Swartberg mountains (black mountain in English) are a mountain range in the Western Cape province of South Africa. It is composed of two main mountain chains running roughly east–west along the northern edge of the semi-arid Little Karoo. To the north of the range lies the other large semi-arid area in South Africa, the Great Karoo. Most of the Swartberg Mountains are above 2000 m high, making them the tallest mountains in the Western Cape. It is also one of the longest, spanning some 230 km from south of Laingsburg in the west to between Willowmore and Uniondale in the east. Geologically, these mountains are part of the Cape Fold Belt.

Much of the Swartberg is part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Maxwell Zeb Shumba
Maxwell Shumba is the founding president of the Zimbabwe First Party. He is a former chemistry educator and researcher and a global regulatory chemical compliance expert. He has publications in reputable journals . Shumba taught at Nyatsime College in Mashonaland West, Zimbabwe, where he was Acting Vice Principal, Prince Edward School in Harare and Caprivi Senior Secondary School in Namibia.

Nyatsime College
Nyatsime College in Harare Province, Zimbabwe is the country's first technical college specifically for African students. It opened in 1962, as the brainchild of educator and activist Stanlake J. W. T. Samkange, in what was then Southern Rhodesia. At the time no such school for African students existed, and Samkange had already started fundraising for the school in 1951.

The school, designed to be run by African administrators and faculty for African students, was modelled on Tuskegee University in Alabama, USA; the opening dedication was attended by Luther H. Foster Jr., then Tuskegee's president.
Dashboard (computing)
In computer information systems, a dashboard is a type of graphical user interface which often provides at-a-glance views of data relevant to a particular objective or process through a combination of visualizations and summary information. In other usage, "dashboard" is another name for "progress report" or "report" and is considered a form of data visualization.

The dashboard is often accessible by a web browser and is typically linked to regularly updating data sources. Dashboards are often interactive and facilitate users to explore the data themselves, usually by clicking into elements to view more detailed information.

The term dashboard originates from the automobile dashboard where drivers monitor the major functions at a glance via the instrument panel.

Software widget
A software widget is a relatively simple and easy-to-use software application or component made for one or more different software platforms.

A desk accessory or applet is an example of a simple, stand-alone user interface, in contrast with a more complex application such as a spreadsheet or word processor. These widgets are typical examples of transient and auxiliary applications that don't monopolize the user's attention.

On the other hand, graphical control elements (GUI "widgets") are examples of reusable modular components that are used together to build a more complex application, allowing programmers to build user interfaces by combining simple, smaller components.
Eric Feigl-Ding
Eric Liang Feigl-Ding (Chinese: 丁亮; né Ding, born March 28, 1983) is an American public health scientist who is currently an epidemiologist and Chief of COVID Task Force at the New England Complex Systems Institute. He was formerly a faculty member and researcher at Harvard Medical School and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. He is also the Chief Health Economist for Microclinic International, and co-founder of the World Health Network. His research and advocacy have primarily focused on obesity, nutrition, cancer prevention, and biosecurity.

In January 2020, Feigl-Ding sounded an early alarm about COVID-19 and called for preparedness. His call for pandemic alarm went viral on Twitter and was amplified by media outlets. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Feigl-Ding's Twitter posts on the matter were popular. His tweets on the pandemic have been criticized by other scientists as alarmist, misleading, and inaccurate.

Biosecurity
Biosecurity refers to measures aimed at preventing the introduction or spread of harmful organisms (e.g. viruses, bacteria, plants, animals etc.) intentionally or unintentionally outside their native range or within new environments. In agriculture, these measures are aimed at protecting food crops and livestock from pests, invasive species, and other organisms not conducive to the welfare of the human population. The term includes biological threats to people, including those from pandemic diseases and bioterrorism. The definition has sometimes been broadened to embrace other concepts, and it is used for different purposes in different contexts.

The COVID-19 pandemic is a recent example of a threat for which biosecurity measures have been needed in all countries of the world.
Kuai tiao
Kuai tiao or kuaitiao (Thai: ก๋วยเตี๋ยว, from Chinese: 粿條) is a group of Thai rice noodle dishes of Chinese origin. It is a derivative of kway teow, Southern Chinese noodles with several local variants throughout Southeast Asia.

Chinese noodle dishes may have been introduced to Siam during the Ayutthaya period, but the earliest written mention of kuaitiao dates only to 1898, in the Bangkok Times. The dish was popularized among ethnic Thais following an initiative of Prime Minister Plaek Pibulsonggram in 1942, during World-War-II shortages.

Today, many variants of kuaitiao are known, including local styles such as khao soi from northern Thailand, kuaitiao Sukhothai from the Sukhothai area, kuaitiao ruea 'boat noodles' from the central region, kuaitiao liang from the East, and the stir-fried pad thai.

Khao soi
Khao soi or khao soy (Thai: ข้าวซอย, pronounced [kʰâ(ː)w sɔ̄ːj]; Northern Thai: ᩮᨡᩢ᩶ᩣᨪᩬ᩠ᨿ, pronounced [kʰa᷇(ː)w sɔ̄ːj]; Lao: ເຂົ້າຊອຍ, pronounced [kʰȁ(ː)w sɔ́ːj]; Shan: ၶဝ်ႈသွႆး, pronounced [kʰaw˧˧˨.sʰɔj˥];  Burmese: အုန်းနို့ခေါက်ဆွဲ, pronounced [ʔóʊɴ no̰ kʰaʊʔ sʰwɛ́]) is a dish served in Laos and northern Thailand. The dish is believed to have evolved from Chin Haw Muslim traders who plied the spice route when what is now modern-day northern Thailand was controlled by the Burmese. A comparable dish, ohn no khao swè, is widely served in Myanmar. In Myanmar, it is known as "khao swè", an adaptation of the original name. Traditionally, the dough for the wheat noodles is spread out on a cloth stretched over boiling water. After steaming, the sheet noodles are rolled and cut with scissors.
Tennessee Lady Volunteers softball
The Tennessee Lady Volunteers softball team represents the University of Tennessee (UT) in Knoxville, Tennessee in NCAA Division I women's softball competition. Coached by Karen Weekly, the team has become a consistently top-tier team in the Southeastern Conference (SEC), appearing in every NCAA tournament since 2004, and qualifying for eight Women's College World Series.

Along with all other UT women's sports teams, it used the nickname "Lady Volunteers" (or the short form "Lady Vols") until the 2015–16 school year, when the school dropped the "Lady" prefix from the nicknames of all women's teams except in basketball. In September 2017, the "Lady Volunteers" name was reinstated for all women's athletics teams.

Chattanooga Mocs
The Chattanooga Mocs (formerly the Chattanooga Moccasins) are the 16 teams representing the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga in intercollegiate athletics. The Mocs compete in the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) and are members of the Southern Conference (SoCon).
Harry Butler (aviator)
Henry John 'Harry' Butler AFC (9 November 1889 – 30 July 1924) was a pioneer Australian aviator, Captain and Chief Fight Instructor in the Royal Flying Corps during World War I. When he flew an air mail run from Adelaide across Gulf St Vincent to Minlaton on 6 August 1919, it was the first over-water flight in the Southern Hemisphere carrying air mail and the first flight over a major body of water in the southern hemisphere.

Gulf St Vincent
Gulf St Vincent, sometimes referred to as St Vincent Gulf, St Vincent's Gulf or Gulf of St Vincent, is the eastern of two large inlets of water on the southern coast of Australia, in the state of South Australia, the other being the larger Spencer Gulf, from which it is separated by Yorke Peninsula. On its eastern side the gulf is bordered by the Adelaide Plains and the Fleurieu Peninsula.
Liu Yong (painter)
Liu Yong (born on February 1949), is a Taiwanese-American educator and author who founded the Shui Yun Zhai Cultural Enterprise and funded the construction of over 40 schools in rural China.

Liu's books have been translated into languages including English, Korean, Vietnamese, and Thai. His works are used in school textbooks in mainland China and Taiwan. He has lectured on educational topics in China, Taiwan, Malaysia, and Singapore. A chapter from one of Liu's books for adolescents is a potential topic for the reading-aloud test on the Putonghua Proficiency Test.

Museum of Asian Art
The Museum of Asian Art (German: Museum für Asiatische Kunst) has been a part of the Humboldt Forum in Berlin since 2020. Before its relocation, the museum was sited in the neighborhood of the borough of Steglitz-Zehlendorf, Berlin, Germany. It is one of the Berlin State Museums and funded by the Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation.

The museum houses about 20,000 Asian artifacts, making it one of the largest museums of ancient Asian art in the world. The museum is located in the same building as the Ethnological Museum of Berlin. Its geographic reach covers regions in India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Nepal, the Autonomous Region of Tibet and Xinjiang of the People's Republic of China, the Southeast Asian countries of Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, and also the Indonesian Islands or archipelago.
Pétigoa 2
Pétigoa 2 (also spelled Pitigoa 2) is a village in southwestern Ivory Coast. It is in the sub-prefecture of Grand-Zattry, Soubré Department, Nawa Region, Bas-Sassandra District.

Pétigoa 2 was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1,126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

Soubré Department
Soubré Department is a department of Nawa Region in Bas-Sassandra District, Ivory Coast. In 2021, its population was 587,441 and its seat is the settlement of Soubré. The sub-prefectures of the department are Grand-Zattry, Liliyo, Okrouyo, and Soubré.