hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hanoch Albeck
Hanoch Albeck (Hebrew: חנוך אלבק; August 7, 1890 - January 9, 1972) was a professor of Talmud at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He was a foremost scholar of the Mishna and one of the pioneers of the scientific approach to Mishna study.

Bar-Ilan University
Bar-Ilan University (BIU, Hebrew: אוניברסיטת בר-אילן, Universitat Bar-Ilan) is a public research university in the Tel Aviv District city of Ramat Gan, Israel. Established in 1955, Bar Ilan is Israel's second-largest academic university institution. It has 20,000 students and 1,350 faculty members.

Bar-Ilan's mission is to "blend Jewish tradition with modern technologies and scholarship and the university endeavors to ... teach the Jewish heritage to all its students while providing [an] academic education." The university is among the best in the Middle East in the fields of computer science, engineering, engineering physics and applied physics. In 2024, the university was donated $260 million, one of the biggest donations to a university in Israeli history, for investment in science. The donor wished to remain anonymous.
Lynen
Lynen is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Amédée Lynen (1852–1938), Belgian painter

Feodor Lynen (1911–1979), German biochemist

Robert Lynen (1920–1944), French actor

Senne Lynen (born 1999), Belgian footballer

Amédée Lynen
Amédée Ernest Lynen (1852–1938), who often signed his works Am. Lynen, was a Belgian painter, illustrator and writer. In 1880, he was one of the founders of the artistic group L'Essor after it had separated from the academy, and he co-founded its successor Pour l'Art in 1892. In 1895, he founded the "Compagnie du Diable-au-corps", an artistic association which organised evenings with theatre and poetry, and which existed at least until 1899. It also published a satirical newspaper, Le Diable au Corps. In 1903, two works on paper were bought by the Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium. In 1930, a retrospective of his works was organised by the Cercle Artistique et Littéraire in the Vauxhall, Brussels.
Taizu Mishi
Taizu Mishi ("Secret History of the Grand Ancestor") is a 2005 Chinese historical drama television series produced by You Xiaogang. The series is the third instalment in a series of four television series set in the early Qing dynasty. It was preceded by Xiaozhuang Mishi (2003) and Huang Taizi Mishi (2004), and followed by Secret History of Kangxi (2006), all of which were also produced by You Xiaogang. The series romanticises the life of Nurhaci, the founder of the Qing dynasty.

Li Rubai
Li Rubai (李如柏) (1553–1619) was a general of the Ming dynasty. He was the younger brother of Li Rusong the son of Li Chengliang. He participated in the Imjin War and the campaign against the Later Jin Khan Nurhaci. Li Rubai committed suicide after the Later Jin defeated the Ming dynasty at the Battle of Sarhū.
Lactaldehyde
Lactaldehyde is an intermediate in the methylglyoxal metabolic pathway. Methylglyoxal is converted to D-lactaldehyde by glycerol dehydrogenase (gldA).  Lactaldehyde is then oxidized to lactic acid by aldehyde dehydrogenase.

Aldehyde dehydrogenase
Aldehyde dehydrogenases (EC 1.2.1.3) are a group of enzymes that catalyse the oxidation of aldehydes. They convert aldehydes (R–C(=O)–H) to carboxylic acids (R–C(=O)–O–H). The oxygen comes from a water molecule.  To date, nineteen ALDH genes have been identified within the human genome. These genes participate in a wide variety of biological processes including the detoxification of exogenously and endogenously generated aldehydes.
Dahlen (surname)
Dahlen is a Low German surname variation of Dahl originating in medieval Westphalia. Dahlen is also a common Scandinavian surname. The Swedish language spelling replaces the e with é, indicator of an integrated loan word. Dahlen is uncommon as a given name. Notable people with the surname include:

Andreas Dahlén (born 1982), Swedish footballer

Bill Dahlen (1870–1950), American baseball player

Carl Dahlén  (1770–1851), Swedish ballet dancer and choreographer

Jonathan Dahlen (born 1997), Swedish ice hockey player

Neal Dahlen (1940–2026), American football manager

Ulf Dahlén (born 1967), Swedish ice hockey player

Hermann, Freiherr Dahlen von Orlaburg (1828–1887), Austrian governor of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Andreas Dahlén
Andreas Dahlén (born 11 December 1982 in Gävle) is a Swedish former professional footballer who played as a defender. He was a defensive specialist and could play at left back, central defender or defensive midfielder.
Purpurogallin
Purpurogallin is an aglycone natural product. It is an orange-red solid that is soluble in polar organic solvents but not in water.  Its glycoside (ether-linked to sugar), called dryophantin, is found in nutgalls and oak barks.  Purpurogallin can be prepared by oxidation of pyrogallol with sodium periodate.

Gall
Galls (from the Latin galla, 'oak-apple') or cecidia (from the Greek kēkidion, anything gushing out) are a kind of swelling growth on the external tissues of plants. Plant galls are abnormal outgrowths of plant tissues, similar to benign tumors or warts in animals. They can be caused by various parasites, from viruses, fungi and bacteria, to other plants, insects and mites. Plant galls can be such highly organized structures that their cause can be determined without the actual agent being identified. This applies particularly to insect and mite plant galls. The study of plant galls is known as cecidology.
The Great Debasement
The Great Debasement (1544–1551) was a currency debasement policy introduced in 1544 England under the order of Henry VIII which saw the amount of precious metal in gold and silver coins reduced and in some cases replaced entirely with cheaper base metals such as copper. Overspending by Henry VIII to pay for his lavish lifestyle and to fund foreign wars with France and Scotland are cited as reasons for the policy's introduction. The main aim of the policy was to increase revenue for the Crown at the cost of taxpayers through savings in currency production with less bullion being required to mint new coins. During debasement gold standards dropped from the previous standard of 23 karat  to as low as 20 karat while silver was reduced from 92.5% sterling silver to just 25%. Revoked in 1551 by Edward VI, the policy's economic effects continued for many years until 1560 when all debased currency was removed from circulation.

Base metal
A base metal is a common and inexpensive metal, as opposed to a precious metal such as gold or silver.  In numismatics, coins often derived their value  from the precious metal content; however, base metals have also been used in coins in the past and today.
Conelrad (band)
Conelrad was an American heavy metal duo from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The group, consisting of Jeff Gretz (of From Autumn to Ashes and Zao) and Adam McGregor (formerly of Creation Is Crucifixion), formed in early 2001. They played at Mr. Roboto Project in 2003, and released a 7-inch record and a CD. In mid-2005, the duo went on a break. Sporadic activity since then has seen only two performances and the release of a 7-inch EP.

Their style has been described as a mixture of Carcass and Lightning Bolt, and features spoken word as well as shrieks; Pittsburgh Live referred to the band's music as "experimental lunacy".

Lightning Bolt (band)
Lightning Bolt is an American noise rock duo from Providence, Rhode Island, composed of Brian Chippendale on drums and vocals and Brian Gibson on bass guitar. The band met and formed in 1994 as students of the Rhode Island School of Design. Lightning Bolt were listed 8th in Metacritic's Artists of the Decade 2000–09.

Lightning Bolt are known for their guerrilla-style live performances, where they typically play on the ground rather than a stage, with the crowd gathered around them. The band's sound is typically loud and aggressive, though the group cites composers Philip Glass and Sun Ra as compositional influences.
Tow truck
A tow truck (also called a wrecker, a breakdown truck, recovery vehicle or a breakdown lorry) is a truck used to move disabled, improperly parked, impounded, or otherwise indisposed motor vehicles. This may involve recovering a vehicle damaged in an accident, returning one to a drivable surface in a mishap or inclement weather, or towing or transporting one via flatbed to a repair shop or other location. They're part of Earth's infrastructure, helping with breakdowns, accidents, and moving vehicles.

Tow trucks are specially designed to haul vehicles of various sizes, including those as large as semi-trailer trucks. They are different from car carrier trailers, which are intended for the routine transport of multiple new or used vehicles rather than emergency recovery or roadside assistance.

Automobile repair shop
An automobile repair shop (also known regionally as a garage or a workshop) is an establishment where automobiles are repaired by auto mechanics and technicians. The customer  interface is typically a service advisor, traditionally called a service writer.
Petra Nareks
Petra Nareks (born 27 September 1982) is a Slovene judoka from the city of Celje. She is a six times medalist in the European Championships in the under 52 kg category. Nareks also competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics.

Celje
Celje (/ˈ(t)sɛljeɪ/ (T)SEL-yay; Slovene: [ˈtsɛ̀ːljɛ] ⓘ; German: Cilli [ˈtsɪli] ⓘ) is the third-largest city in Slovenia. It is a regional center of the traditional Slovenian region of Styria and the administrative seat of the City Municipality of Celje. The town is located below Upper Celje Castle at the confluence of the Savinja, Hudinja, Ložnica, and Voglajna rivers in the lower Savinja Valley, and at the crossing of the roads connecting Ljubljana, Maribor, Velenje, and the Central Sava Valley.
Caithness - Moray Link
The Caithness–Moray Link is a 160 km (100-mile) HVDC submarine power cable beneath the Moray Firth in Scotland, linking Spittal in Caithness and Blackhillock in Moray. Constructed by Scottish & Southern Electricity Networks, it is capable of transmitting up to 1,200 MW of power. It was officially completed in January 2019, under budget at a cost of £970 million, and was reported as the largest single investment in the northern Scottish electricity network since the 1950s.

The link was constructed to improve the connectivity of the Scottish electricity transmission network, and allow increased flow of electricity from renewable energy sources in the north of Scotland, such as the Beatrice and Dorenell wind farms. It is the second HVDC link to be constructed within the National Grid (as opposed to as an interconnector), after the Western HVDC Link.

Interconnector
An interconnector (also known as a DC tie in the USA) is a structure which enables high-voltage DC electricity to flow between electrical grids, connecting separate AC networks, or linking synchronous grids. It may be formed of submarine power cables, underground power cables or overhead power lines.

The longest interconnection as of July 2022 was the 2,210 km (1,370 mi) Hami - Zhengzhou delivering 8 GW of high voltage direct current power. The longest proposed connector is the 3,800 km (2,400 mi), 3.6 GW Xlinks Morocco-UK Power Project.
USRC Snohomish
The USRC Snohomish was a 152 ft (46 m) seagoing tug built at the specific direction of Congress by Pusey & Jones, Wilmington, Delaware for service on the Pacific Northwest coast. She was fitted with latest lifesaving and property saving equipment available at the time of her construction and originally cost $189,000. She was commissioned by the United States Revenue Cutter Service on 15 November 1908 and arrived at her homeport of Neah Bay, Washington by way of passage around Cape Horn in 1909.

Snohomish was a regular part of the Bering Sea Patrol and enforced international sealing regulations. Her duties included search and rescue, law enforcement, fisheries patrol, mail delivery to light ships and remote stations, patrolling regattas, and towing disabled vessels.

She served her entire career in the Pacific Northwest and was decommissioned and sold 1 December 1934.

United States Revenue Cutter Service
The United States Revenue Cutter Service was established by an Act of Congress (1 Stat. 175) on 4 August 1790 as the Revenue-Marine at the recommendation of the nation's first secretary of the treasury, Alexander Hamilton.

The federal government body was initially created to serve as an armed customs enforcement service. Over time, however, the service gradually gained missions either voluntarily or by legislation, including those of a military nature. It was generally referred to as the Revenue-Marine until 31 July 1894, when it was officially renamed the Revenue Cutter Service. The Revenue Cutter Service operated under the authority of the U.S. Department of the Treasury. On 28 January 1915, the service was merged by an act of Congress with the United States Life-Saving Service to form the United States Coast Guard.
SIN (brand)
SIN is the name of a Czech glassmaking technology that enables the direct casting of three-dimensional glass objects using the Vitrum Vivum (Living Glass) technique. It has already been used to create monumental works of art with complex shapes or as part of architectural designs. The brand is named after its owner, Czech glass master Jiří Šín, who has been building it since 2010. SIN owns a workshop with glass furnaces in Bělá pod Bezdězem in the Central Bohemian Region and draws on many years of experience and know-how in the Czech glass industry. The co-owner of the brand is entrepreneur Roman Pilíšek.

Jiří Šín's Vitrum Vivum uses newly developed technology to cast three-dimensional glass objects into a closed mold, allowing for the realization of artistic designs of any size or spatial complexity. Since 2024, SIN has had its own gallery at Jungmannovo náměstí 21 in Prague 1.

Central Bohemian Region
The Central Bohemian Region (Czech: Středočeský kraj [ˈstr̝̊ɛdotʃɛskiː ˈkraj]; German: Mittelböhmische Region) is an administrative unit (kraj) of the Czech Republic, located in the central part of its historical region of Bohemia. Its administrative centre is in the Czech capital Prague, which lies in the centre of the region. However, the city is not part of it but is a region of its own.

The Central Bohemian Region is in the centre of Bohemia. In terms of area, it is the largest region in the Czech Republic, with 11,014 km2, almost 14% of the total area of the country. It surrounds the country's capital, Prague, and borders Liberec Region (in the north), Hradec Králové Region (northeast), Pardubice Region (east), Vysočina Region (southeast), South Bohemian Region (south), Plzeň Region (west) and Ústí nad Labem Region (northwest).
Bardon House
Bardon House is a heritage-listed detached house at 41 The Drive, Bardon, Queensland, Australia. It was built from 1864 to 1926. It is also known as Franciscan Sisters' Convent. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.

Single-family detached home
A single-family detached home – also called a single-detached dwelling, single-family residence (SFR), separate house, or other similar terms – is a free-standing residential building. It is defined in opposition to a multi-family residential dwelling.
Northeim (Han) station
Northeim (Han) railway station (German: Bahnhof Northeim (Han)) is a railway hub in the town of Northeim, Germany. It is classed as category 3 station and has six platforms. In addition to 3 daily Intercity trains, regional railway trains stop at the station.

Nordhausen station
Nordhausen station is a railway junction in the north of the German state of Thuringia and the main station in the city of Nordhausen. It is located just south of the city centre in the valley of the Zorge.
Woman on a Black Divan
Woman on a Black Divan (French: La femme au divan noir), also known simply as Recumbent Woman (Femme couchée) is a 1869 painting by the French artist Jean-Jacques Henner. It is one of the 44 Henner paintings of the Musée des Beaux-Arts of Mulhouse. Its inventory number is D.58.1.22.

The painting was shown at the Paris Salon of 1869, and bought for the collection of the Société industrielle de Mulhouse (from which the Musée des Beaux-Arts originated) by the widow of Daniel Dollfus the same year. A much smaller version of the painting is kept in the Musée national Jean-Jacques Henner, in Paris, since 1923.

Second Empire style
Second Empire style, also known as the Napoleon III style or Haussmann style, is a highly eclectic style of architecture and decorative arts originating in the Second French Empire. It was characterized by elements of many different historical styles, and also made innovative use of modern materials, such as iron frameworks and glass skylights. It flourished during the reign of Emperor Napoleon III (1852–1870) and had an important influence on architecture and decoration in the rest of Europe and North America. Major examples of the style include the Opéra Garnier (1862–1871) in Paris by Charles Garnier, the Institut National d'Histoire de l'Art, the Church of Saint Augustine (1860–1871), and the Philadelphia City Hall (1871–1901). The architectural style was closely connected with Haussmann's renovation of Paris carried out during the Second Empire; the new buildings, such as the Opéra, were intended as the focal points of the new boulevards.
Ivan Grigorovich
Ivan Konstantinovich Grigorovich (Russian: Иван Константинович Григорович) (26 January 1853 – 3 March 1930) served as Imperial Russia's last Naval Minister from 1911 until the onset of the 1917 revolution.

Lüshunkou, Dalian
Lüshunkou District (also Lyushunkou District; 旅顺口区), commonly known as Lüshun (旅顺), is a district of Dalian, Liaoning province, China. The district has an area of 512.15 km2 (197.74 sq mi) and a permanent population of 398,579 as of 2020.

Lüshunkou is located at the extreme southern tip of the Liaodong Peninsula. It has a natural harbor, the possession and control of which became a casus belli of the Russo-Japanese War (1904–05). Japanese and then Russian administration was established in 1895 and continued until 1905 when control was ceded to Japan. During that period, it was world-famous and was more significant than the other port on the peninsula, Dalian proper.

Lüshunkou was formerly known as both Port Arthur (Russian: Порт-Артур, romanized: Port-Artur) and Ryojun (Japanese: 旅順). After World War II, it was returned to China as Lüshun City. In 1960, Lüshun was redesignated as a district of Dalian (known as Lüda until 1981).
Blue shiner
The blue shiner (Cyprinella caerulea) is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish in the family Leuciscidae, the shiners, daces and minnows. It is native to the southeastern United States, where it is endemic to the Cahaba and Coosa River systems of the Mobile River Basin. This is a federally listed threatened species under the Endangered Species Act of the United States.

Coosa River
The Coosa River is a tributary of the Alabama River in the U.S. states of Alabama and Georgia. The river is about 280 miles (450 km) long.

The Coosa River begins at the confluence of the Oostanaula and Etowah rivers in Rome, Georgia, and ends just northeast of the Alabama state capital, Montgomery, where it joins the Tallapoosa River to form the Alabama River just south of Wetumpka. Around 90% of the Coosa River's length is located in Alabama.  Coosa County, Alabama and Etowah County, Alabama are located on the Coosa River.

The Coosa is one of Alabama's most developed rivers. Most of the river has been impounded, with Alabama Power, a unit of the Southern Company, owning seven dams and powerhouses on the Coosa River. The dams produce hydroelectric power, but they are costly to some species endemic to the Coosa River.
Jacques-Édouard Gatteaux
Jacques-Édouard Gatteaux (4 November 1788 – 9 February 1881) was a French sculptor and medal engraver. Born in Paris, he studied under his father Nicolas-Marie Gatteaux (also a medal engraver) and Jean-Guillaume Moitte.

He won first prize in the prix de Rome in 1809 and was elected a member of the Académie des beaux-arts in 1845 and of the Institut de France. He also became an officer of the Légion d'honneur.  He died in his home city.

Académie des Beaux-Arts
The Académie des Beaux-Arts (French pronunciation: [akademi de boz‿aʁ]; lit. 'Academy of Fine Arts') is a French learned society based in Paris. It is one of the five academies of the Institut de France. As of 2025, the president of the academy is Coline Serreau, a French actress and film director.
Progress M-48
Progress M-48 (Russian: Прогресс М-48), identified by NASA as Progress 12P, was a Progress spacecraft used to resupply the International Space Station. It was a Progress-M 11F615A55 spacecraft, with the serial number 248.

Serial number
A serial number (SN) is a unique identifier used to uniquely identify an item, and is usually assigned incrementally or sequentially.

Despite being called serial "numbers", they do not need to be strictly numerical and may contain letters and other typographical symbols, or may consist entirely of a character string.
Nycteribiidae
Nycteribiidae is a family of the true fly superfamily Hippoboscoidea. Together with their close relatives the Streblidae, they are known as "bat flies". As the latter do not seem to be a monophyletic group, it is conceivable that bat flies cannot be united into a single family.

They are flattened, spiderlike flies without eyes or wings, and as such bear very little resemblance to other Dipterans. These flies are seldom encountered by general collectors, as they rarely leave the body of their hosts. Female bat flies often must leave their hosts to breed and lay eggs, however, they will not leave their bats immediate habitat. Both males and females take blood meals, thus qualifying as parasites. Most species are highly host-specific. The family is primarily found in the Old World tropics; a few of the 274 known species occur in the Neotropics and  Europe.

Oskar Theodor
Oskar Theodor (Hebrew: אוסקר תיאודור; 3 October 1898 – 1987) was an Israeli entomologist who specialised in Diptera.

Born in Königsberg, East Prussia (now Kaliningrad, Russia) he came to pre-Israel Palestine following a year's service as an orderly in the Imperial German Army in World War I. In 1921 he became an assistant in the Government of Palestine Department of Health, and in 1923 he transferred to the Malaria Research Unit in Haifa. In 1925 he became an assistant in the Department of Parasitology in the University of Jerusalem, where he remained for the rest of his career.

In 1928, Oskar Theodor returned briefly to Königsberg to complete his Ph.D. in entomology at the University of Königsberg.
Neuroendocrine hyperplasia
Neuroendocrine hyperplasia is rare and poorly understood lung condition which is characterized by an abnormal growth of pulmonary neuroendocrine cells in the lungs.  It is a non-progressive disease of the interstitial tissues of the lungs. Prior to the findings of the hyperplasia of neuroendocrine cells it was known as tachypnea of infancy, as most children outgrow the need for oxygen supplementation within two to seven years. It is characterized by tachypnea, hypoxemia, and retractions. It is typically diagnosed in infants and children younger than one year of age.   There is no currently recognized treatment, infants and children are given oxygen supplementation until they outgrow the need; since neuroendocrine cells do not multiply or get larger in size while the lungs continue to grow. This allows the lung disease to have less effect on lung function with age, although they will always have the same amount of neuroendocrine cells as they were born with.

Labored breathing
Labored respiration or labored breathing is an abnormal respiration characterized by evidence of increased effort to breathe, including the use of accessory muscles of respiration, stridor, grunting, or nasal flaring.