hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Valais witch trials
The Valais witch trials consisted of a witch-hunt and a series of witch trials which took place in the Valais (the House of Savoy and the prince-bishopric of Sion), today part of Switzerland, beginning in 1428. The Valais witch-hunt is the first of the systematic campaigns which would become much more widespread in the decades to come, initiating the period of witch trials in Europe.

The persecutions started in French-speaking Lower Valais (House of Savoy and prince-bishopric of Sion) and spread to German-speaking Upper Valais and to nearby valleys in the Western Alps. They subsided after six to eight years (c. 1434/6), but the phenomenon spread further afield from here, to Vaud, Fribourg, Neuchâtel, and beyond.

Western Alps
The Western Alps are the western part of the Alpine Range including the southeastern part of France (e.g. Savoie), the whole of Monaco, the northwestern part of Italy (i.e. Piedmont and the Aosta Valley) and the southwestern part of Switzerland (e.g. Valais). In the southeast the range is bounded by the Italian Padan Plain. In the west, the valley of the Rhone river separates it from the Massif Central. The northernmost part of the Western Alps - in the wide meaning of the term - is formed by the Swiss Prealps Sub-Range.

The peaks and mountain passes are higher compared to the Eastern Alps, while the range itself is not so broad and more arched.
Tahan
Tahan is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Charles Tahan, American physicist

Charlie Tahan (born 1998), American actor

Daisy Tahan (born 2001), American actress

Hussein Tahan (born 1982), Lebanese footballer

Maya Tahan (born 1999), Israeli tennis player

Mohamad Zein Tahan (born 1988) Lebanese footballer

Daisy Tahan
Daisy Tahan (born March 25, 2001) is an American actress best known for her role as Samantha Focker in Little Fockers. Tahan also originated the role of Fiona Peyton in the Showtime series Nurse Jackie. Daisy, the younger sister of actor Charlie Tahan, lives in Glen Rock, New Jersey.
Arda of Armenia
Arda of Armenia (Armenian: Արդա; died after 1116) was the first queen consort of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, as the second wife of King Baldwin I of Jerusalem. She served in that capacity from 1100 to 1105. Arda was also briefly countess of Edessa, a title she held following her politically strategic marriage to Baldwin in 1097, shortly after the First Crusade.

Queen consort
A queen consort  is the wife of a reigning king, and usually shares her spouse's social rank and status. She holds the feminine equivalent of the king's monarchical titles and may be crowned and anointed, but historically she does not formally share the king's political and military powers, unless on occasion acting as regent.  In polygynous societies, a (male) monarch has a principal or senior wife.

In contrast, a queen regnant is a female monarch who rules suo jure (Latin for, "in her own right") and usually becomes queen by inheriting the throne upon the death of the previous monarch.

A queen dowager is a widowed queen consort, and a queen mother is a queen dowager who is the mother of the current monarch.
Edwin Coup
Edwin Coup (9 June 1861 – 2 July 1892), also known as Edwin Coupe, was an English cricketer who played for Derbyshire County Cricket Club between 1885 and 1887.

Coup was born in Ripley, Derbyshire, the son of John Coupe a building contractor and his wife Martha. Coup trained as an architect  and made his debut for Derbyshire in the 1885 season in August in a victory against Hampshire. He played eight matches in the 1886 season and achieved his best single-innings total of 33. He played occasionally in the 1887 season which was his last season for the club.  Coup was a left-handed batsman and played 26 innings in 13 first-class matches with an average of 8.47 and a top score of 33.

Coup died in Mickleover at the age of 31.

Mickleover
Mickleover is a village in the unitary authority of Derby, in Derbyshire, England. It is 2 miles (3.2 km) west of Derby, 10 miles (16 km) northeast of Burton upon Trent, 13 miles (21 km) southeast of Ashbourne and 12 miles (19 km) northeast of Uttoxeter.
International Philosophical Quarterly
The International Philosophical Quarterly is a peer-reviewed academic journal edited by a group of academics at Fordham University, with the collaboration of the Université de Namur in Belgium. The journal was established in 1961 to provide a publishing forum for the international exchange of basic philosophical ideas. It is published by the Philosophy Documentation Center.

Université de Namur
The University of Namur or Université de Namur (UNamur) is a Jesuit university in Namur, in the French Community of Belgium. Both teaching and research in the university are carried out by six faculties.
Teleocichla
Teleocichla is a genus of fish in the family Cichlidae found in the Tapajós, Xingu, Tocantins and Jari River basins, which are part of the Amazon River Basin in Brazil. All species are rheophilic, and highly elongated in shape. They generally are smaller than 9 cm (3.5 in) in length, making them some of the smallest cichlids of the Americas. Only T. preta can grow larger, reaching about 12 cm (4.7 in). Since restricted to areas with fast currents (such as cataracts and rapids), they are particularly vulnerable to the building of dams, and the Belo Monte Dam may cause the extinction of T. centisquama. Other species recognized as threatened by Brazil's Ministry of the Environment are T. cinderella, T. prionogenys and T. wajapi.

Threatened species
A threatened species is any species (including animals, plants and fungi) which is vulnerable to extinction in the near future. Species that are threatened are sometimes characterised by the population dynamics measure of critical depensation, a mathematical measure of biomass related to population growth rate. This quantitative metric is one method of evaluating the degree of endangerment without direct reference to human activity.
2019 in paleomalacology
Paleontology portal

History of science portal

This list 2019 in paleomalacology is a list of new taxa of ammonites and other fossil cephalopods, as well as fossil gastropods, bivalves and other molluscs that were  described during the year 2019, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to molluscan paleontology that would occur in 2019.

Lusitanian Basin
The Lusitanian Basin is a rift basin remnant located on both the mainland and continental shelf off the west-central coast of Portugal. It covers an area measuring 20,000 square kilometres (7,700 sq mi) and extends north-south from Porto to Lisbon. The basin varies between approximately 130 kilometres (81 mi) and 340 kilometres (210 mi) in width and belongs to a family of periatlantic basins such as the Jeanne d'Arc Basin. To the east of the Lusitanian Basin lies the Central Plateau of the Iberian Peninsula. A marginal horst system lies to the west. The Alentejo and Algarve Basins connect to the southern end of the Lusitanian Basin. In the north, it connects to the Porto and Galicia Basins via an undersea ridge.
Tievenadarragh
Tievenadarragh (from Irish Taobh na Darach, meaning 'hillside of the oak tree') is a townland of area 1,269 acres (514 ha) in County Down, Northern Ireland. It is situated in the civil parish of Loughinisland and the historic barony of Kinelarty.

Kinelarty
Kinelarty (from Irish  Cineál Fhaghartaigh 'Faghartach's kindred') is a former Irish district and barony in County Down, Northern Ireland. It lies east of the centre of the county, and is bordered by five other baronies: Iveagh Upper, Lower Half to the west; Lecale Upper to the south and south-east; Lecale Lower to the east; Castlereagh Upper to the north; and Iveagh Lower, Upper Half to the north-west.

It is centred historically on the ancient church at Loughinisland.
Gunnar Nielsen (Argentine footballer)
Gunnar Guillermo Nielsen (Spanish pronunciation: [ɡunˈnaɾ ɣiˈʝeɾmo ˈnjelsen]; born 12 October 1983 in Posadas, Misiones) is an Argentine football player of Danish descent, currently playing for Hillerød GI. He previously represented FC Fredericia and Kolding FC.

FC Fredericia
Fodbold Club Fredericia af 1991 (Danish pronunciation: [fʁeðɐˈʁetɕæ, fʁæðɐˈʁætɕæ]), simply known as FC Fredericia, is a professional association football club based in the town of Fredericia, Denmark, that competes in the Danish Superliga, the top tier of the Danish football league system. Founded in 1991 as a merger between Fredericia fF and Fredericia KFUM, it is affiliated to DBU Jutland. The team plays its home matches at Fredericia Stadium, named Monjasa Park for sponsorship reasons, where it has been based since 2006.

In 2002, Fredericia fF pulled out of the merger, which means that FC Fredericia today continues to be the professional branch of Fredericia KFUM. Despite this, FC Fredericia has enjoyed considerable success since its foundation as they have risen through the pyramid; from their inception when they competed in the Denmark Series, the fourth tier of Danish football.
The Antichristmas Vol. 1
The Antichristmas Volume 1 is a compilation album of metal Christmas song parodies and instrumentals by members of the World Metal Alliance, released to the public via Cafepress on 7 December 2004. The album was re-released the following year as WMA Xmas Metal Volume 1 for several reasons, primarily for search engine optimization.

In 2005 the album was included in the article "Jingle Bell Schlock" by the Australian newspaper The Age.

CafePress
CafePress, Inc. is an American online retailer of a wide range of consumer items, including clothing, home decor, drinkware, stationery, gifts, and user-customized on-demand items. The company was founded in San Mateo, California, but is now headquartered in Louisville, Kentucky, where its production facility is also located. In 2001, CafePress.com won the People's Voice Webby Award in the Commerce category.
Erfurt III
Erfurt III is an electoral constituency (German: Wahlkreis) represented in the Landtag of Thuringia. It elects one member via first-past-the-post voting. Under the current constituency numbering system, it is designated as constituency 26. It contains central and southwestern parts of Erfurt, the capital and largest city of Thuringia.

Erfurt III was created in 1990 for the first state election. Since 2019, it has been represented by Bodo Ramelow of The Left.

1990 Thuringian state election
The 1990 Thuringia state election was held on 14 October 1990 to elect the members of the first Landtag of Thuringia. It was the first election held in Thuringia since the reunification of Germany, which took place on 3 October. The Christian Democratic Union (CDU) led by Josef Duchač emerged as the largest party with 45.4%, followed by the Social Democratic Party (SPD) with 22.8%. The CDU formed a coalition with the Free Democratic Party (FDP), and Duchač became Thuringia's first post-reunification Minister-President.
Glenn Blackwood
Glenn Allen Blackwood (born February 23, 1957) is an American former professional football player who was a safety for the Miami Dolphins for ten seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He was part of Dolphins' "Killer B's" defense and played in two Super Bowls.  Prior to that he played college football for the Texas Longhorn, helping them to an undefeated regular season in 1977 and playing for the national championship in the Cotton Bowl that year.

Texas Longhorns football
The Texas Longhorns football program is the intercollegiate team representing the University of Texas at Austin (variously Texas or UT) in the sport of American football. The Longhorns compete in the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (formerly Division I-A) as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). Their home games are played at Darrell K Royal–Texas Memorial Stadium in Austin, Texas.

With over 950 wins, and an all-time win–loss percentage of .704, the Longhorns rank 5th and 7th on the all-time wins and win–loss records lists, respectively. Additionally, the program claims 4 national championships, 34 conference championships, 100 First Team All-Americans (63 consensus and 27 unanimous), and 2 Heisman Trophy winners.
John Derby
John Derby (born March 24, 1968) is a former linebacker in the National Football League (NFL). Derby was a member of the Detroit Lions during the 1992 NFL season.

His son, A. J., is a tight end with the New England Patriots of the NFL, and his son, Zach, is a tight-end, with the Iowa Hawkeyes football team. Derby is also the brother of former NFL player Glenn Derby.

Iowa Hawkeyes football
The Iowa Hawkeyes football program represents the University of Iowa in college football. The Hawkeyes compete in the Big Ten Conference. Iowa joined the Conference (then known as the Western Conference or Big Nine) in 1899 and played their first Conference football season in 1900. They are a Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The Hawkeyes play their home games in Iowa City, Iowa, at Kinnick Stadium, with a capacity of 69,250. The Hawkeyes are coached by Kirk Ferentz, who is in his 27th season as the head coach and is the longest current tenured head coach in NCAA Division I FBS. The Hawkeyes have won 13 conference championships (including 11 in the Big Ten). Iowa has been ranked #1 in the AP and Coaches Poll 15 times.
Nikola Márová
Nikola Márová (born June 24, 1980) is a Czech ballerina. Since 2006, she has been a principal dancer at the National Theatre in Prague.

Her role as Odette/Odile in Swan Lake earned her a Thalia Award in 2008. She is married to Alexander Katsapov, also a principal dancer at the National Theatre, and has a son.

Principal dancer
A principal dancer (often shortened to principal) is a dancer at the highest rank within a professional dance company, particularly a ballet company. A principal may be of any gender and is usually the star of the ballet. The term is used mostly in ballet but can be used in other forms as well, such as modern dance. The term senior principal dancer is sometimes used as well.

The position is similar to that of soloist; however, principals regularly perform not only solos, but also pas de deux as well as headlining performances they participate in. Principal dancers can be hired into a dance company or can also be a company dancer that is a corps de ballet dancer that gets promoted from within the company. That process can take multiple performance seasons or even years to achieve based on skill level and company interest.
Calathes
Calathes (Greek: Καλάθης) is a Greek surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Nick Calathes (born 1989), Greek-American basketball player in the National Basketball Association, brother of Pat Calathes

Pat Calathes (born 1985), Greek-American basketball player, brother of Nick Calathes

Nick Calathes
Nicholas William Calathes (Greek: Νικόλαος Γουίλιαμ "Νικ" Καλάθης, born February 7, 1989) is a Greek American professional basketball player for Partizan Mozzart Bet of the Serbian League (KLS), the ABA League and the EuroLeague. He is widely considered as one of the best point guards in EuroLeague history.

After playing college basketball for the Florida Gators, Calathes won the EuroLeague title with Panathinaikos in 2011, and reached another final in 2021 with FC Barcelona. A two-time All-EuroLeague First Team selection, he is the EuroLeague all-time assists leader as well as the competition's all-time steals leader. Calathes represents the Hellenic national basketball team internationally, and won a bronze medal at EuroBasket 2009.
George Williams (Michigan politician)
George Williams was born on 24 September 1869  in Oswestry, which has at various times in history been part of either Wales or Shropshire, England.

Sometime before 1884 he immigrated to Marquette in the Upper Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan. He was educated there, and began working on the railways at an early age, eventually becoming a General Agent of the Copper Range Railroad.

Williams was a Republican and was a member of the Michigan Senate from 1915 to 1916 for the 32nd district, which comprises Houghton County, Keweenaw County and Ontonagon County. George died March 31, 1934, in Green Bay, WI. He was buried next to his wife, Salina, in Houghton, MI.

Michigan's 32nd Senate district
Michigan's 32nd Senate district is one of 38 districts in the Michigan Senate. The 32nd district was created by the 1850 Michigan Constitution, as the 1835 constitution only permitted  a maximum of eight senate districts. It has been represented by Republican Jon Bumstead since 2023, succeeding fellow Republican Kenneth Horn.
Ioannis Yannas
Ioannis V. Yannas (14 April 1935 – 19 October 2025) was a Greek-American engineer and a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Yannas emigrated to the United States to pursue undergraduate and graduate degrees completing his bachelor's at Harvard College in 1957, a Master of Arts at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1959, then a master's of science and doctorate at Princeton University in 1965 and 1966, respectively.

He was a member of the National Academy of Medicine and Engineering, elected in 1978 and 2017, respectively. He was elected a fellow of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering in 1993, and inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 2015.

Yannas is known for the invention, with John F. Burke, of synthetic skin.

Yannas died on 19 October 2025, at the age of 90.

American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering
The American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering (AIMBE) is a non-profit organization founded in 1991, and headquartered in Washington, D.C. It represents 50,000 medical and biomedical engineers, and academic institutions, private industry, and professional engineering societies.
Ecco Ripley
Ecco Ripley is a master-planned community in the City of Ipswich, Queensland, Australia. It will be Queensland's biggest housing development and Australia's largest-ever master planned community. The site lies in the northern foothills of the Flinders Peak Group in the Bundamba Creek water catchment about five kilometres south of the centre of Ipswich. It includes development of the existing suburbs of Deebing Heights and rural Ripley. The Green Building Council of Australia rated the Ecco Ripley development with a Green Star, a first in Queensland.

Flinders Peak Group
The Flinders Peak Group is an unnamed range of hills located on the northern edge of the Scenic Rim Region, south west of Logan City and south east of the City of Ipswich in South East Queensland, Australia. The summit in the Range is Flinders Peak reaching 680 metres (2,230 ft) above sea level.

The first Europeans to cross the range were Patrick Logan and his exploration party in June 1827.  Most of the range remains naturally vegetated within a series of protected areas. Both the Flinders-Goolman Conservation Estate and the Flinders Peak Conservation Park are located along this range.

Other mountains include Mount Joyce, Mount Blaine, Mount Goolman, Mount Elliott, Mount Flintoff, Mount Welcome, Ivorys Rock, and Mount Perry (near Ripley).  The range is visible from many locations around the Scenic Rim.
Simone Badal-McCreath
Simone Ann Marie Badal McCreath is a cancer researcher and a medical sciences lecturer known for the creation of the first ever prostate and breast cancer cells lines that were derived from Black people.

Cancer research
Cancer research is research into cancer to identify causes and develop strategies for prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and cure.

Cancer research ranges from epidemiology, molecular bioscience to the performance of clinical trials to evaluate and compare applications of the various cancer treatments. These applications include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, immunotherapy and combined treatment modalities such as chemo-radiotherapy. Starting in the mid-1990s, the emphasis in clinical cancer research shifted towards therapies derived from biotechnology research, such as cancer immunotherapy and gene therapy.

Cancer research is done in academia, research institutes, and corporate environments, and is largely government funded.
2003 Horizon League baseball tournament
The 2003 Horizon League baseball tournament took place from May 21 through 25, near the close of the 2003 NCAA Division I baseball season.  All seven of the league's teams met in the double-elimination tournament held at Nischwitz Stadium on the campus of Wright State in Dayton, Ohio.  Top seeded UIC won their first Horizon League Championship and earned the conference's automatic bid to the 2003 NCAA Division I baseball tournament.

UIC Flames baseball
The UIC Flames baseball team is a varsity intercollegiate athletic team of the University of Illinois at Chicago in Chicago, Illinois, United States. The team is a member of the Missouri Valley Conference, which is part of the National Collegiate Athletic Association's Division I. The team plays its home games at Les Miller Field at Curtis Granderson Stadium in Chicago, Illinois. The Flames are coached by Sean McDermott and assisted by hitting coach Jimmy “no hips” Frankos.
Commonwealth Hill Station
Commonwealth Hill Station,, more commonly known as Commonwealth Hill, is a pastoral lease currently operating as a sheep station.

Commonwealth Hill is located about 96 kilometres (60 mi) north north west of Tarcoola and 120 kilometres (75 mi) south west of Coober Pedy in the state of South Australia.

The property occupies an area of approximately 10,000 square kilometres (3,861 sq mi) or one million hectares, making it the second largest sheep station in Australia, after Rawlinna Station. It is currently owned by the Jumbuck Pastoral Company.

Sheep station
A sheep station is  a large property (station, the equivalent of a ranch) in Australia or New Zealand, the main activity of which is the raising of sheep for their wool and/or meat. In Australia, sheep stations are usually in the south-east or south-west of the country. In New Zealand the Merinos are usually in the high country of the South Island. These properties may be thousands of square kilometres in size and run low stocking rates to be able to sustainably provide enough feed and water for the stock.

In Australia, the owner of a sheep station may be called a pastoralist, a grazier, or formerly a squatter (as in "Waltzing Matilda"), when their sheep grazing land was referred to as a sheep run.
Phebe Ann Jacobs
Phebe Ann Jacobs (July 1785 – February 28, 1850) was an American Congregationalist, laundress, and free woman. Best known for her posthumous biography Narrative of Phebe Ann Jacobs, Jacobs was born into slavery on the Beverwyck plantation in Lake Hiawatha, New Jersey.

During her life, she was enslaved by the family of the President of Dartmouth, then the President of Bowdoin College in Brunswick, Maine. In the final years of her life, she achieved emancipation and worked in Brunswick laundering clothes for students of Bowdoin.

In 1919, the New Jersey Historical Society claimed Jacobs was significant for "her rare attainments as a Christian, the strength of her faith, and her spirit of devotion."

First Parish Church (Brunswick, Maine)
The First Parish Church is an Open and Affirming congregation of the United Church of Christ. The church meetinghouse sits at 217 Maine Street in Brunswick, Maine. Built in 1845 to a design by Richard Upjohn, it is a unique example of Gothic Revival architecture done in wood, as the church was built with vertical board-and-batten paneling.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1969.  The congregation dates to 1717. The Senior Pastor is Rev. John Allen.