hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
ISO 3166-2:PS
ISO 3166-2:PS is the entry for the State of Palestine in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.

ISO 3166-2 codes are defined for each of the 16 governorates of the State of Palestine.

Each code consists of two parts, separated by a hyphen. The first part is PS, the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code of the State of Palestine. The second part is three letters.

ISO 3166-1 alpha-2
ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 codes are two-letter country codes defined in ISO 3166-1, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), to represent countries, dependent territories, and special areas of geographical interest. They are the most widely used of the country codes published by ISO (the others being alpha-3 and numeric), and are used most prominently for the Internet's country code top-level domains (with a few exceptions). They were first included as part of the ISO 3166 standard in its first edition in 1974.
Tutte path
In graph theory, a Tutte path is a path  within a graph  such that every connected component that remains after removing the vertices of  from  is connected back to  at a limited number of vertices.

The precise definition relies on the following terms:

-bridge: For a given path  in a graph , a -bridge is either a single edge not in  that connects two vertices of , or it is a connected component of the graph remaining after deleting the vertices of , along with all the edges that connect this component to .

Attachment point: The attachment points of a -bridge are the vertices of the path  that are connected by an edge to a vertex within the -bridge.

A Tutte path then is a path  in  such that every -bridge that remains after removing the vertices of  from  has at most three points of attachment to the path . Furthermore, if a -bridge contains edges from the outer face of the graph (in the context of planar graphs), it is restricted to having at most two attachment points.

SPQR tree
In graph theory, a branch of mathematics, the triconnected components of a biconnected graph are a system of smaller graphs that describe all of the 2-vertex cuts in the graph. An SPQR tree is a  tree data structure used in computer science, and more specifically graph algorithms, to represent the triconnected components of a graph. The SPQR tree of a graph may be constructed in linear time and has several applications in dynamic graph algorithms and graph drawing.

The basic structures underlying the SPQR tree, the triconnected components of a graph, and the connection between this decomposition and the planar embeddings of a planar graph, were first investigated by Saunders Mac Lane (1937); these structures were used in efficient algorithms by several other researchers prior to their formalization as the SPQR tree by Di Battista and Tamassia (1989, 1990, 1996).
Talaromyces
Talaromyces is a genus of fungi in the family Trichocomaceae. Described in 1955 by American mycologist Chester Ray Benjamin, species in the genus form soft, cottony fruit bodies (ascocarps) with cell walls made of tightly interwoven hyphae. The fruit bodies are often yellowish or are surrounded by yellowish granules. A 2008 estimate placed 42 species in the genus, but several new species have since been described.

This genus contains the teleomorph of Penicillium.

Trichocomaceae
The Trichocomaceae are a family of fungi in the order Eurotiales. Taxa are saprobes with aggressive colonization strategies, adaptable to extreme environmental conditions. Family members are cosmopolitan in distribution, ubiquitous in soil, and common associates of decaying plant and food material.
UBC Okanagan Digital Microfluidics
The UBC Okanagan Digital Microfluidics Research Group is an interdisciplinary research group at the University of British Columbia Okanagan that develops integrated devices for biochip applications. Lab-on-a-chip digital microfluidic devices are fabricated in digital architectures that merge micrometre-scale electrical circuitry with applications requiring dynamic fluid control, as voltage actuation signals from patterned electrodes are used to direct and actuate fluid flow within the chips. The structures are not application-specific. Fluid actuation signals for droplet mixing, splitting, and routing are set by the control software and can be reconfigured as needed and in real-time (unlike continuous-flow microfluidic structures incorporating micropumps, microvalves, and microchannels which are fabricated as permanent application-specific structures).

Lab-on-a-chip
A lab-on-a-chip (LOC) is a device that integrates one or several laboratory functions on a single integrated circuit (commonly called a "chip") of only millimeters to a few square centimeters to achieve automation and high-throughput screening. LOCs can handle extremely small fluid volumes down to less than pico-liters. Lab-on-a-chip devices are a subset of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices and sometimes called "micro total analysis systems" (μTAS). LOCs may use microfluidics, the physics, manipulation and study of minute amounts of fluids. However, strictly regarded "lab-on-a-chip" indicates generally the scaling of single or multiple lab processes down to chip-format, whereas "μTAS" is dedicated to the integration of the total sequence of lab processes to perform chemical analysis.
Sétna Innarraid
Sétna Innarraid ("of wages, stipend, reward"), son of Bres Rí, was, according to medieval Irish legend and historical tradition, a High King of Ireland. He is said to have been the first Irish king to pay his soldiers. He ruled for twenty years, before he was killed by Siomón Brecc, grandson of Nuadu Finn Fáil. The Lebor Gabála Érenn synchronises his reign with those of Darius the Great (522–485 BC) and Xerxes I (485–465 BC) of Persia. The chronology of Geoffrey Keating's Foras Feasa ar Éirinn dates his reign to 705–685 BC, that of the Annals of the Four Masters to 930–910 BC.

Nuadu Finn Fáil
Nuadu Finn Fáil (Nuadu the Fair of Fál - a poetic name for Ireland), son of Gíallchad, was, according to medieval Irish legend and historical tradition, a High King of Ireland, who took power after he killed his predecessor, and his father's killer, Art Imlech. The Lebor Gabála Érenn says he ruled for either sixty or forty years (Geoffrey Keating says twenty, the Four Masters forty) before being killed by Art's son Bres Rí. The Lebor Gabála synchronises his reign with that of Cyaxares of the Medes (625–585 BC). The chronology of Keating's Foras Feasa ar Éirinn dates his reign to 755–735 BC, that of the Annals of the Four Masters to 1002–962 BC.
Caribbean Gardens
Caribbean Gardens was a 100-acre (40 ha) market, gardens and amusement park located in the outer eastern suburb of Scoresby in Melbourne, Australia, on the north/west side of Caribbean Lake, a large 1.2 km (0.75 mi)-long artificial lake along the northern (right) bank of Corhanwarrabul Creek, a major tributary of Dandenong Creek.

Caribbean Gardens and Market operated from 1965 when it started with water ski shows and a handful of traders selling wares from their car boots. What once was "a handful of traders" grew into a bustling undercover market with over 1000 stall sites. It was known as one of the largest markets in Victoria, occupying a 10,500 m2 (2.6-acre) pavilion.

Dandenong Creek
The Dandenong Creek (Aboriginal Bunwurrung: Narra Narrawong or Dandinnong) is an urban creek of the Port Phillip catchment, located in the eastern and south-eastern Greater Melbourne region of the Australian east coast state of Victoria. The creek descends approximately 550 metres (1,800 ft) over its course of 53 kilometres (33 mi) before joining the Eumemmerring Creek to form the Patterson River (of which it can be considered the de facto main stem) and eventually draining into the Beaumaris Bay.

Together with its distributary Mordialloc Creek and the culvert-linked Kananook Creek and Elster Creek, the so-called "Dandenong Catchment" has an overall catchment of approximately 882 km2 (341 sq mi).
HMS Bicester (L34)
HMS Bicester (pennant number L34) was an escort destroyer of the Type II Hunt class. The Royal Navy ordered Bicester's construction three months after the outbreak of the Second World War. Hawthorn Leslie & Co. laid down her keel at their Tyne yard on 29 May 1940, as Admiralty Job Number J4210. The ship was named after a fox hunt in Oxfordshire.

R. & W. Hawthorn, Leslie and Company
R. & W. Hawthorn, Leslie and Company, Limited, usually referred to as Hawthorn Leslie, was a shipbuilder and locomotive manufacturer. The company was founded on Tyneside in 1886 and ceased building ships in 1982.
2018 Open 13 Provence
The 2018 Open 13 Provence was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the 25th edition of the Open 13, and part of the ATP World Tour 250 series of the 2018 ATP World Tour. It took at the Palais des Sports in Marseille, France, from 19 February through 25 February 2018. Ninth-seeded Karen Khachanov won the singles title.

2018 ATP World Tour
The 2018 ATP World Tour was the global elite men's professional tennis circuit organised by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) for the 2018 tennis season. The 2018 ATP World Tour calendar comprised the Grand Slam tournaments (supervised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the ATP World Tour Masters 1000, the ATP Finals, the ATP World Tour 500 series, the ATP World Tour 250 series and the Davis Cup (organized by the ITF). Also included in the 2018 calendar are the Hopman Cup and the Next Gen ATP Finals, which do not distribute ranking points.
Anthony Newman (musician)
Anthony Newman (born May 12, 1941) is an American classical musician. While mostly known as an organist, Newman is also a harpsichordist (including the pedal harpsichord), pianist, composer, conductor, writer, and teacher. He is a specialist in music of the Baroque period, particularly the works of Johann Sebastian Bach, and has collaborated with such noted musicians as Kathleen Battle, Julius Baker, Itzhak Perlman, Eugenia Zukerman, Jean-Pierre Rampal, Leonard Bernstein, Michala Petri, and Wynton Marsalis, for whom he arranged and conducted In Gabriel’s Garden, the most popular classical record of 1996.

Wynton Marsalis
Wynton Learson Marsalis (born October 18, 1961) is an American trumpeter, composer, and music instructor, who is currently the artistic director of Jazz at Lincoln Center. He has been active in promoting classical and jazz music, often to young audiences. Marsalis has won nine Grammy Awards, and his 1997 oratorio Blood on the Fields was the first jazz composition to win the Pulitzer Prize for Music. Marsalis is the only musician to have won a Grammy Award in both jazz and classical categories in the same year.
Kronprinsensgade
Kronprinsensgade (lit. "The Crown Prince's Street") is a street in the Old Town of Copenhagen, Denmark. It links the major shopping street Købmagergade in the west with Pilestræde in the east. The street is known for A.C. Perch's Rea Store.

Købmagergade
Købmagergade is a pedestrian shopping street in the Old Town of Copenhagen, Denmark. It connects Amagertorv on Strøget to Nørreport station, although the last section, north of Kultorvet, is part of Frederiksborggade, which continues on the other side of the railway station.
Fiat Chrysler Australia
Stellantis (Australia and New Zealand) Pty Ltd (formerly FCA Australia), is the official Stellantis subsidiary in Australia and New Zealand, operating as distributor of Chrysler, Jeep, Dodge, Abarth, Alfa Romeo, Fiat and Leapmotor vehicles.

From 1951 to 1980 Chrysler Australia Ltd operated as a vehicle manufacturer, it was purchased by Mitsubishi in 1980 with vehicles continuing to be produced under the Chrysler brand until 1981 by Mitsubishi Motors Australia. Chrysler returned to the Australian market in 1994 with imported vehicles.

Stellantis
Stellantis N.V. is a multinational automotive manufacturing corporation formed in 2021 through the merger of the French PSA Group and Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (FCA), which was itself created by the merger of Italy's Fiat and the US-based Chrysler, completed in stages between 2009 and 2014. Stellantis is headquartered in Hoofddorp, Netherlands, while the CEO now operates from Auburn Hills, Michigan.

The company designs, manufactures, and markets vehicles under 14 brands: Abarth, Alfa Romeo, Chrysler, Citroën, Dodge, DS Automobiles, Fiat, Jeep, Lancia, Maserati, Opel, Peugeot, Ram Trucks, and Vauxhall. At the time of the merger, Stellantis employed approximately 300,000 people, with manufacturing operations in 30 countries and a commercial presence in over 130 markets worldwide.
Hamsey
Hamsey is a village and civil parish in the Lewes district of East Sussex, England. The parish covers a large area (1,144 hectares (2,830 acres)) and also consists of the villages Offham and Cooksbridge. The main centres of population in the parish are now Offham and Cooksbridge. Around the main settlements are enlarged fields, isolated old cottages and farms. The winding and undulating parish lanes between banks, old hedge rows, trees, flowery verges and ditches are popular with cyclists and give good views of the Downs. In 2011 the parish had a population of 632.

Succisa pratensis
Succisa pratensis, known as devil's-bit scabious or simply devil's-bit, is a flowering plant in the honeysuckle family Caprifoliaceae, formerly included in the teasel family Dipsacaceae. It is common throughout northern Europe and western Asia in heathland, unimproved damp grassland and chalk or limestone grassland, where it is restricted to nutrient-poor soils. It has decreased somewhat due to agricultural intensification in many areas, but remains widespread and even common throughout its range. Its name derives from the curiously truncated root, which in ancient times was thought to be associated with magical or medicinal properties.
Yekaterina Nelidova
Yekaterina Ivanovna Nelidova (Russian: Екатери́на Ива́новна Нели́дова; 1756–1839) was a Russian noblewoman and lady-in-waiting. She was the royal mistress of Paul I of Russia.

Nelidova graduated from the Smolny Institute in 1776 and became a lady-in-waiting, first to Grand Duchess Natalya and then to Grand Duchess Maria alongside her friend and fellow graduate Natalya Borshchova. She had a relationship with Grand Duke Paul, the future monarch, and acted as a successful mediator between him and people he was in conflict with. Nelidova was also noted for her dramatic talents, which endeared her to the crown prince, who liked to stage operas with the participation of people he was close with.

She was an important courtier and her position also led to her relatives' acquiring positions at court. Paul's defense of Nelidova was even documented amid issues of social conformity at Catherine the Great's court.  She left her position at court in 1798.

Natalia Alexeievna (Wilhelmina of Hesse-Darmstadt)
Natalia Alexeievna, Tsarevna of Russia (25 June 1755 – 15 April 1776) was the first wife of Paul Petrovich, Tsarevich of Russia (future Emperor Paul I), son of the Empress Catherine II. She was born as Princess Wilhelmina Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt as the fifth child of Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt, and Countess Palatine Caroline of Zweibrücken.
2013 drought in Maharashtra
The 2013 drought in Maharashtra in India came after the region received lower rainfall during the monsoon season June to September 2012. It is considered as the region's worst drought in 40 years. The worst-hit areas in Maharashtra were Solapur, Parbhani, Ahmednagar, Latur, Pune, Satara, Beed and Nashik. Residents of Latur, Osmanabad, Nanded, Aurangabad, Jalna, Jalgaon and Dhule districts were also affected by this famine.

Latur district
Latur district (Marathi pronunciation: [laːt̪uːɾ]) is a district in Maharashtra state of India. Latur city is the district headquarters and is the 16th largest city in the state of Maharashtra. The district is primarily agricultural. Urban population comprises 25.47% of the total population.
Yoshi-Hashi
Nobuo Yoshihashi (吉橋 伸雄, Yoshihashi Nobuo; born May 25, 1982) is a Japanese professional wrestler, signed to New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW), where he performs under the ring name Yoshi-Hashi (stylized in all caps as YOSHI-HASHI), and is a former four-time IWGP Tag Team Champion, with Hirooki Goto; as well as being a former NEVER Openweight 6-Man Tag Team Champion with Hirooki Goto and Tomohiro Ishii, a team which holds the record for the longest reign with the titles.

Strong Openweight Tag Team Championship
The Strong Openweight Tag Team Championship (STRONG無差別級タッグ王座, STRONG musabetsu-kyū taggu ōza) is a professional wrestling tag team championship owned and promoted by the New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW) promotion. The title is exclusively featured on NJPW's Strong brand and is usually defended at NJPW Strong branded shows in America. The current champions are Los Hermanos Chávez (Ángel de Oro and Niebla Roja), who are in their first reign both as a team and individually.
Overwhelming post-splenectomy infection
An overwhelming post-splenectomy infection (OPSI) is a rare but rapidly fatal infection occurring in individuals following removal (or permanent dysfunction) of the spleen. The infections are typically characterized by either meningitis or sepsis, and are caused by encapsulated organisms including Streptococcus pneumoniae. It is a medical emergency and requires immediate treatment. Death has been reported to occur within 12 hours.

The spleen is necessary for protection against encapsulated bacteria (see Mechanism) and as such when removed by splenectomy it can lead to rapid unchallenged infection by encapsulated bacteria. The rapid progression from mild viral symptoms to sepsis is one of the things that makes OPSI particularly dangerous.

Another source of infection are species of Babesia, which are tick-borne parasites that cause babesiosis.

Medical emergency
A medical emergency is an acute injury or illness that poses an immediate risk to a person's life or long-term health, sometimes referred to as a situation risking "life or limb". These emergencies may require assistance from another, qualified person, as some of these emergencies, such as cardiovascular (heart), respiratory, and gastrointestinal cannot be dealt with by the victim themselves. Dependent on the severity of the emergency, and the quality of any treatment given, it may require the involvement of multiple levels of care, from first aiders through emergency medical technicians, paramedics, emergency physicians and anesthesiologists.

Any response to an emergency medical situation will depend strongly on the situation, the patient involved, and availability of resources to help them. It will also vary depending on whether the emergency occurs whilst in hospital under medical care, or outside medical care (for instance, in the street or alone at home).
Water motorsports at the 1908 Summer Olympics – Class C
The Class C (6.5 to 8 metres) was one of three motorboating classes contested on the Water motorsports at the 1908 Summer Olympics programme. Nations could enter up to 3 boats. In addition to the length minimum and maximum, the boats had to weight at least 800 kilograms (without fuel or crew), have "a total piston area not exceeding that represented by four cylinders each of 106 mm. bore," and "comply with the rules of the International Sporting Club of Monaco in regard to cruisers."

The first race of 29 August 1908 was the small class of boats. Gyrinus, which had won the B class the day before, appeared again. This time her competition was Sea Dog. Again, however, Gyrinus was the only boat to finish, as Sea Dog experienced engine problems and had to be towed off the course.

Water motorsports at the 1908 Summer Olympics – Class B
The Class B (under 60 feet) was one of three motorboating classes contested on the Water motorsports at the 1908 Summer Olympics programme. Nations could enter up to 3 boats. In addition to the 60-foot limit, boats were limited to "a total piston area not exceeding that represented by four cylinders each of 155 mm bore."

The B class was held on 28 August, after the abortive first running of the open class. Again only two boats appeared at the starting line, Quicksilver and Gyrinus. Quicksilver became threatened by water coming in over the sides, abandoning the race. Gyrinus, a small boat with an extra crewman to bail water, was able to finish to make its crew the first Olympic champions in motorsports.
Deputy Mayor of London
A Deputy Mayor is a member of the London Mayoral cabinet, in the executive arm of the Greater London Authority. They serve as political advisors with responsibilities and powers corresponding to portfolios delegated by the Mayor. One of them must be designated as the Statutory Deputy Mayor, a member of the London Assembly who serves as the temporary Mayor during a vacancy or temporary incapacity of the Mayor.

London Labour
London Labour is the devolved, regional part of the Labour Party in Greater London. It is the largest political party in London, currently holding a majority of the executive mayoralties, a majority of local councils, council seats and parliamentary seats, and a plurality of assembly seats.
12th Special Forces Group
The 12th Special Forces Group (Airborne) [12th SFG(A)] traces its lineage from the 6th Company, 2nd Battalion, First Regiment, 1st Special Service Force, a joint Canadian-American special operations unit from World War II. The 12th Special Forces Group was reconstituted, but not activated, as a Regular Army special operations unit under the 1st Special Forces in 1960 and was subsequently allotted to the Army Reserve in 1969 where it remained until deactivation in 1995.

First Special Service Force
The 1st Special Service Force (FSSF) was an elite joint American–Canadian commando unit in World War II, formed by Lieutenant Colonel Robert T. Frederick of the Operations Division of the U.S. General Staff. During the Italian campaign of World War II, it was commanded by Frederick and attached to the United States Fifth Army. In August 1944, the Force was attached to 1st Airborne Task Force (commanded by then Major General Frederick) for the campaign in southern France.

The unit was organized in 1942 and trained at Fort William Henry Harrison near Helena, Montana, in the United States. The Force served in the Aleutian Islands, fought in Italy and southern France, and was disbanded in December 1944.

The modern American and Canadian special operations forces trace their heritage to this unit. In 2013, the United States Congress passed a bill to award the 1st Special Service Force the Congressional Gold Medal.
2024 FIBA 3x3 U18 World Cup – Men's tournament
The 2024 FIBA 3x3 U18 World Cup – Men's tournament is the eleventh edition of this competition. For the fourth time, the event is being held in Debrecen, and Hajdú–Bihar County, Hungary. It will be contested by 17 teams.

United States won their third title, after defeated Spain 21–13 in the final.

FIBA 3x3 U18 World Cup
The FIBA 3x3 U18 World Cup is an 3x3 under-18 basketball tournament run by the International Basketball Federation (FIBA) since 2011. The tournament was known as the FIBA 3x3 U18 World Championships until the 2016 edition.
Transition metal imidazole complex
A transition metal imidazole complex is a coordination complex that has one or more imidazole ligands.  Complexes of imidazole itself are of little practical importance.  In contrast, imidazole derivatives, especially histidine, are pervasive ligands in biology where they bind metal cofactors.

Imine
In organic chemistry, an imine (/ɪˈmiːn/ or /ˈɪmɪn/) is a functional group or organic compound containing a carbon–nitrogen double bond (C=N). The nitrogen atom can be attached to a hydrogen  or an organic group (R). The carbon atom has two additional single bonds.  Imines are common in synthetic and naturally occurring compounds and they participate in many reactions.

Distinction is sometimes made between aldimines and ketimines, derived from aldehydes and ketones, respectively.