hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
New Party (Turkey)
The New Party (Turkish: Yeni Parti, YP) is a former political party in Turkey that was founded on 23 June 2008. Adhering to the principles of Kemalism, the party merged with the Rights and Equality Party (HEPAR) in 2012 without contesting any elections. Former leaders include Tuncay Özkan, who led the party despite being imprisoned following the Ergenekon trials. The party's colours were primarily red and the party logo was that of the Sun.

Kemalism
Kemalism (Turkish: Kemalizm, also archaically Kamâlizm) or Atatürkism (Atatürkçülük) is a political ideology based on the ideas of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the founder and first president of the Republic of Türkiye. Its symbol is the Six Arrows (Altı Ok).

Atatürk's Turkey was defined by sweeping political, social, cultural, and religious reforms designed to separate the Republican state from its Ottoman predecessor and embrace a Western lifestyle, including the establishment of secularism/laicism, state support of the sciences, gender equality, economic statism and more. Most of those policies were first introduced to and implemented in Turkey during Atatürk's presidency through his reforms.
Mark Klein
Mark Lee Klein (May 2, 1945 – March 8, 2025) was an American AT&T technician and whistleblower who revealed details of the company's cooperation with the United States National Security Agency in installing network hardware at a site known as Room 641A to monitor, capture and process American telecommunications. The subsequent media coverage became a major story in May 2006.

Electronic Frontier Foundation
The Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) is an American international non-profit digital rights group based in San Francisco, California. It was founded in 1990 to promote Internet civil liberties.

It provides funds for legal defense in court, presents amicus curiae briefs, defends individuals and new technologies from what it considers abusive legal threats, works to expose government malfeasance, provides guidance to the government and courts, organizes political action and mass mailings, supports some new technologies which it believes preserve personal freedoms and online civil liberties, maintains a database and web sites of related news and information, monitors and challenges potential legislation that it believes would infringe on personal liberties and fair use, and solicits a list of what it considers are abusive patents with intentions to defeat those that it considers are without merit.
Dindymus versicolor
Dindymus versicolor, commonly called the harlequin bug or harlequin red bug, is a species of cotton stainer bug (red bug), found in south-eastern Australia and Tasmania. Dindymus versicolor measure up to 12 mm long with a black head and bands on the fore-wing, and orange/red elsewhere. When the wings are folded, two red triangles appear. Legs are relatively long.

These sucking insects have a reputation as a pest in the garden, damaging a wide range of plants. They are known to damage a variety of crops and ornamentals. The New South Wales Department of Primary Industries (Agriculture) report they attack cotton, pome fruits, stone fruits, fig, grape, kurrajong, strawberry, vegetables, wisteria, dahlia and violets.

In winter, they find shelter in dark shady places such as under compost, timber, hedges, and fence palings.

Viola (plant)
Viola, commonly known as the violets, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Violaceae. It is the largest genus in the family, containing over 680 species. Most species are found in the temperate Northern Hemisphere; however, some are also found in widely divergent areas such as Hawaii, Australasia, and the Andes.

Some Viola species are perennial plants, some are annual plants, and a few are small shrubs. Many species, varieties and cultivars are grown in gardens for their ornamental flowers. In horticulture, the term pansy is normally used for those multi-colored large-flowered cultivars which are raised annually or biennially from seed and used extensively in bedding.
2008 Indianapolis Tennis Championships
The 2008 Indianapolis Tennis Championships was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 21st edition of the Indianapolis Tennis Championships, and was part of the International Series of the 2008 ATP Tour. It took place at the Indianapolis Tennis Center in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States, from July 14 through July 20, 2008.

The singles draw featured ATP No. 8, Delray Beach and Houston runner-up, 2006 Indianapolis champion James Blake, Rotterdam semifinalist and Casablanca titlist Gilles Simon, and Sydney winner and Indianapolis defending champion Dmitry Tursunov. Other top seeds were Las Vegas champion Sam Querrey, Indian Wells Masters quarterfinalist Tommy Haas, Fabrice Santoro, Robby Ginepri and Thomaz Bellucci.

2008 Pacific Life Open – Men's singles
Novak Djokovic defeated Mardy Fish in the final, 6–2, 5–7, 6–3 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 2008 Indian Wells Masters.

Rafael Nadal was the defending champion, but lost in the semifinals to Djokovic.
German submarine U-265
German submarine U-265 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. The submarine was laid down on 3 July 1941 at the Bremer Vulkan yard at Bremen-Vegesack as yard number 30, launched on 23 April 1942 and commissioned on 6 June under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Leonhard Aufhammer. After training with the 8th U-boat Flotilla, U-265 was transferred to the 7th U-boat Flotilla, for front-line service from 1 February 1943.

U-265 sank no ships in her short career. Her only patrol began when she departed Kiel on 21 January 1943. Her route took her through the gap between Iceland and the Faroe into the Atlantic Ocean. She was attacked and sunk by a British Flying Fortress of No. 220 Squadron RAF on 3 February 1943, at position 56°35′N 22°49′W﻿ / ﻿56.583°N 22.817°W﻿ / 56.583; -22.817.

Forty-six men died; there were no survivors.

No. 220 Squadron RAF
No. 220 Squadron of the Royal Air Force (RAF) was founded in 1918 and disbanded in 1963 after four separate periods of service. The squadron saw service in both the First and Second World Wars, as a maritime patrol unit, and finally as part of Britain's strategic nuclear deterrent.
Short-Tempered Melancholic
Short-Tempered Melancholic and Other Short Stories (かんしゃく玉のゆううつ, Kanshakudama no Yūutsu) is a Japanese shōjo manga anthology written and illustrated by Arina Tanemura. Originally serialized in Ribon, the five short stories were collected and published in a single tankōbon volume by Shueisha in May 1998. It was published by Viz Media in English in North America on August 5, 2008.

Ribon
Ribon (りぼん; lit. "Ribbon") is a monthly Japanese shōjo manga magazine published by Shueisha on the third of each month. First issued in August 1955, its rivals are Nakayoshi and Ciao. It is one of the best-selling shōjo manga magazines, having sold over 590 million copies since 1978. Its circulation was in the millions between 1987 and 2001, peaking at 2.3 million in 1994. In 2009, the magazine's circulation was 274,167. In 2010, the circulation dropped to 243,334.

Ribon has also inspired multiple spin-off magazines, including Bessatsu Ribon (1966–1968); Ribon Comics, renamed Junior Comics (1967–1968); Ribon Comic (1968–1971); Ribon Deluxe (1975–1978); and Ribon Original (1981–2006).
Marsha Chechik
Maria Marsha A. Chechik is a computer scientist who works in Canada as Bell University Chair in Software Engineering in the Department of Computer Science at the University of Toronto. Her research concerns software engineering, and particularly the use of formal methods to assure the safety and reliability of software in industrial and health applications.

Formal methods
In computer science, formal methods are mathematically rigorous techniques for the specification, development, analysis, and verification of software and hardware systems. The use of formal methods for software and hardware design is motivated by the expectation that, as in other engineering disciplines, performing appropriate mathematical analysis can contribute to the reliability and robustness of a design.

Formal methods employ a variety of theoretical computer science fundamentals, including logic calculi, formal languages, automata theory, control theory, program semantics, type systems, and type theory.
María del Carmen Ramírez
María del Carmen Ramírez García (born 8 March 1956) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD) who served in the upper house of the Mexican Congress during the LVIII and LIX Legislatures.

Born in Toluca, she graduated from the National Autonomous University of Mexico in 1979. Ramírez García is married to Alfonso Sánchez Anaya. Her husband is a former member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) who in 1999 won the governorship of Tlaxcala representing an alliance between the PRD, the PVEM and the PT; hence from 1999 to 2000 Ramírez García served as President of the DIF in the state of Tlaxcala.

In 2005 she unsuccessfully ran for the governorship of Tlaxcala losing against the PAN-PT candidate Héctor Ortiz Ortiz.

Ecologist Green Party of Mexico
The Ecologist Green Party of Mexico (Spanish: Partido Verde Ecologista de México, pronounced [paɾˈtiðo ˈβeɾðe ekoloˈxista ðe ˈmexiko], PVEM or PVE) is a green political party in Mexico. Founded in 1986, the party is associated with Jorge González Torres and his son Jorge Emilio González Martínez.
It has seldom received more than 10% of the vote nationwide, but in the 21st century has joined alliances with different major parties  (PAN in the federal elections of 2000,  PRI from 2003 to 2018, and most recently Morena from 2019 on).

It is not recognized as a fellow green party by the European Green Party, and is known for its heavy use of advertising, and for (at times) taking stances on issues not usually associated with the international Green movement (such as support for capital punishment and extension of school hours).
Premee Mohamed
Premee Mohamed is an Indo-Caribbean scientist and speculative fiction author based in Edmonton, Alberta. She also works as Social Media Manager and Associate Editor for Escape Pod.

Premee Mohamed received her undergraduate degree in molecular genetics in 2002, and also holds a degree in environmental science.

Escape Pod
Escape Pod is a science fiction podcast magazine produced by Escape Artists, Inc. It proclaims itself "the world's leading science fiction podcast". The present co-editors are Mur Lafferty and Valerie Valdes.

While episodes are free, the company runs on listener donations and sponsorship.
Ernst Hammerschmidt
Ernst Eduard Maria Hammerschmidt (29 April 1928 – 16 December 1993) was a scholar of Ethiopia as well as Ethiopian Christianity.  From 1970 to 1990 he was professor for African languages and cultures at the University of Hamburg, specializing in Ethiopian studies: history, culture, religion, and classical Ethiopic literature.  He also spent much of his life as a priest in the Old Catholic Church of Austria, and served as coadjutor bishop from 1991 to 1993.

Ethiopian studies
Ethiopian studies, and less commonly Ethiopian and Eritrean studies refers to a multidisciplinary academic cluster dedicated to research on Ethiopia and Eritrea.  The field is closely tied to Orientalism, having a significant overlap with Egyptology, but particularly Semitic studies (including Aramaic, Arabic, Hebraic, and Assyriology). It has continuity with the linguistic and socio-historiological work of 17th century Ethiopian monk Abba Gorgoryos and German orientalist Hiob Ludolf.
Shinya Michimi
Shinya Sean Michimi (道見ショーン真也, Michimi Shōn Shinya; born 29 June 1993) is an American-born Japanese former racing driver who last competed in the GTD class of the IMSA SportsCar Championship for Meyer Shank Racing with Curb-Agajanian.

Virginia International Raceway
Virginia International Raceway (VIR) is a race track located in Alton, Virginia, near Danville. It is less than a half-mile from the North Carolina/Virginia border just outside Milton, North Carolina, on the banks of the Dan River. VIR hosts amateur and professional automobile and motorcycle events, driving schools, club days, and private test rentals.
Wei Rugui
Wei Rugui (Chinese: 衛汝貴; Wade–Giles: Wei Ju-kui; 1836 – 16 January 1895) was a Han Chinese general of the late Qing dynasty who fought in the First Sino-Japanese War. He took part in the Battle of Pyongyang in 1894, and subsequently lost another couple thousand troops on the retreat north. He later abandoned Port Arthur when it was taken by the advancing Imperial Japanese Army. Wei Rugui was subsequently executed for his failures in January 1895.

Lüshunkou, Dalian
Lüshunkou District (also Lyushunkou District; 旅顺口区), commonly known as Lüshun (旅顺), is a district of Dalian, Liaoning province, China. The district has an area of 512.15 km2 (197.74 sq mi) and a permanent population of 398,579 as of 2020.

Lüshunkou is located at the extreme southern tip of the Liaodong Peninsula. It has a natural harbor, the possession and control of which became a casus belli of the Russo-Japanese War (1904–05). Japanese and then Russian administration was established in 1895 and continued until 1905 when control was ceded to Japan. During that period, it was world-famous and was more significant than the other port on the peninsula, Dalian proper.

Lüshunkou was formerly known as both Port Arthur (Russian: Порт-Артур, romanized: Port-Artur) and Ryojun (Japanese: 旅順). After World War II, it was returned to China as Lüshun City. In 1960, Lüshun was redesignated as a district of Dalian (known as Lüda until 1981).
Stephen Kenny (football manager)
Stephen Kenny (born 30 October 1971) is an Irish football manager and former player who is the manager of League of Ireland Premier Division side St Patrick's Athletic. He has formerly managed Longford Town, Bohemians, Derry City, Dunfermline Athletic, Shamrock Rovers, Dundalk, the Republic of Ireland U21 side and the senior Republic of Ireland national team. He is one of Republic of Ireland's most successful domestic league managers, having won eight trophies with Dundalk.

Cork City F.C.
Cork City Football Club  is an Irish association football club based in Cork. The club was founded and elected to the League of Ireland in 1984.

Cork City was one of the first clubs in Ireland (and the first in Cork) to field a team of professional footballers. With the progression of professionalism at the club, continued development of the Turners Cross stadium and the transition to summer football, the club became one of the biggest and best supported clubs in the country. In a survey published in 2020, the club was the highest supported League of Ireland (LOI) club.

Cork City won its third LOI Premier Division title, and first FAI Cup double, during the 2017 season. As of the 2026 season, the club are playing in the League of Ireland First Division.

The club's traditional colours are green and white with red trim, and the crest is a variant of the Cork coat of arms. City's home games are played at Turners Cross.
False scent
A false scent or false trail is an incorrect scent which may mislead an animal which hunts by smell, especially a hound. This may be the result of deliberate interference by a hunt saboteur or it may be a form of control by the master. Aniseed, a red herring or the entrails of a rabbit are commonly used for this purpose. The term red herring comes from this practice.

Kipper
A kipper is a whole herring (a small, oily fish) that has been split in a butterfly fashion from tail to head along the dorsal ridge, gutted, salted or pickled, and cold-smoked over smouldering wood chips (typically oak).

In the United Kingdom, Ireland and some regions of North America, kippers are most commonly eaten for breakfast. In the United Kingdom, kippers, along with other preserved smoked or salted fish such as the bloater and buckling, were also once commonly enjoyed as a high tea or supper treat, most popularly with inland and urban working-class populations before World War II.
Berkeley kangaroo rat
The Berkeley kangaroo rat (Dipodomys heermanni berkeleyensis) is a presumed extinct subspecies of Heermann's kangaroo rat (Dipodomys heermanni), which is endemic to California. The subspecies was first described by Joseph Grinnell in 1922 from specimens collected in the Berkeley Hills region of Alameda County. Only about twenty individuals have ever been confirmed, with the last verified specimen collected in 1940 at Calaveras Reservoir in the East Bay Hills.

Although historically recognized as distinct based on coloration and cranial morphology, recent molecular and morphological analyses have not supported its status as a unique subspecies. The Berkeley kangaroo rat remains of conservation interest due to its uncertain taxonomic validity and historical range in the East Bay region.

Joseph Grinnell
Joseph P. Grinnell (February 27, 1877 – May 29, 1939) was an American field biologist and zoologist. He made extensive studies of the fauna of California, and is credited with introducing a method of recording precise field observations known as the Grinnell System.  He served as the first director of the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology at the University of California, Berkeley from the museum's inception in 1908 until his death.

He edited The Condor, a publication of the Cooper Ornithological Club, from 1906 to 1939, and authored many articles for scientific journals and ornithological magazines. He wrote several books, among them The Distribution of the Birds of California and  Animal Life in the Yosemite. He also developed and popularized the concept of the niche.
Podpeč ob Dravinji
Podpeč ob Dravinji (pronounced [pɔtˈpeːtʃ ɔb dɾaˈʋiːnji]) is a settlement in the Municipality of Slovenske Konjice in eastern Slovenia. It lies on the right bank of the Dravinja River east of Loče under the northern slopes of Mount Ljubično (Slovene: Ljubična gora). The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. The municipality is now included in the Savinja Statistical Region.

Municipality of Slovenske Konjice
The Municipality of Slovenske Konjice (pronounced [slɔˈʋéːnskɛ kɔˈnjìːtsɛ] ⓘ or [- kɔˈnjíːtsɛ]; Slovene: Občina Slovenske Konjice) is a municipality in the traditional region of Styria in northeastern Slovenia. The seat of the municipality is the town of Slovenske Konjice. Slovenske Konjice became a municipality in 1994.
Elena Matous
Elena Matous (born 10 May 1953) is an Italian retired alpine skier, who competed for Italy, San Marino, Iran and Luxembourg. She had one second place in the downhill event at the 1977 Alpine Skiing World Cup and finished eighth overall.

Downhill (ski competition)
Downhill is a form of alpine skiing competition. Whereas the other alpine skiing events (slalom, giant slalom, super giant slalom, and combined) emphasize turning and technique, downhill emphasizes "the six components of technique, courage, speed, risk, physical condition and judgement", according to the FIS "International Ski Competition Rules (ICR)". Speeds of up to 130 km/h (81 mph) are common in international competition. Athletes must have an aerodynamically efficient tuck position to minimize drag and increase speed.

The term, "downhill skiing", is also used as a synonym for alpine skiing as a recreational activity.
Bimba (film)
Bimba (The Image) is a 2004 Indian Kannada-language children's drama film directed and produced by Kavitha Lankesh under Chinni Creations. It stars Baby Raksha, Daisy Bopanna, Prakash Raj and Sampath Kumar.

The film follows a rising child artiste Indu, who gets exploited into the glamorous world of cinema. The film won two Karnataka State Film Awards: Best Female Child Actor for Raksha and Best Screenplay for Lankesh. It was selected for the Bangkok International Film Festival.

Bangkok International Film Festival
The Bangkok International Film Festival (BKKIFF) (Thai: เทศกาลภาพยนตร์นานาชาติกรุงเทพฯ) is an international film festival held annually in Bangkok, Thailand, since 2003. In addition to film screenings, seminars, gala events and the Golden Kinnaree Awards.
Shimabara Peninsula
The Shimabara Peninsula (島原半島, Shimabara-hantō) is a peninsula located in Nagasaki Prefecture on the island of Kyushu, Japan. The peninsula incorporates the cities of Shimabara, Minamishimabara, and Unzen.

The northern, eastern, and southeastern coasts of the peninsula face the Ariake Sea, and the western coast faces Tachibana Bay. An active group of volcanoes known collectively as Mount Unzen lies in the middle of the peninsula, with many hot springs, such as Unzen Onsen and the extremely hot Obama Onsen.

The peninsula was also the site of the Shimabara Rebellion, a 1637–1638 peasant and rōnin revolt led by Christians. This further reinforced distrust of Christians and foreigners by Shōgun Iemitsu and contributed to the 1639 decision to isolate Japan from the outside world. From then on, the Dutch and the Chinese were the only ones permitted to enter Japan through Nagasaki in a very limited fashion until Japan was reopened again.

Unzen Onsen
Unzen Onsen is a geothermally heated volcanic hot spring field in the Unzen Mountains in Nagasaki prefecture in Japan. It was known of for many years, and in the 1910s was developed into a hot spring community because of its many springs. In 1934 the area was designated as the first national park in Japan.

The hot springs are surrounded by an area known as the Hells (jigoku). These barren fields of hot springs contain many steam vents, bubbling mud pits and fumaroles. After the Shimabara Rebellion the Hells were used to execute Christian rebels. Today, paved trails lead visitors through the Hells.

In an older, now dormant hot springs field, paths lead to the Manmyoji Temple and to the Unzen Disaster Museum, that commemorates the eruptions that occurred in the 1990s in which 12,000 people were evacuated and over 40 people perished.
De Stentor
De Stentor is a Zwolle-based Dutch regional newspaper, appearing in several editions, in the Eastern part of the Netherlands. It is owned by DPG Media (formerly De Persgroep).

The Stentor has 10 regional editions:

West-Veluwe

Deventer

Salland

Zutphen & Achterhoek

Zwolle

Vechtdal

Kampen-Flevoland

Veluwe

Kop van Overijssel

Zwolle
Zwolle (Dutch: [ˈzʋɔlə] ⓘ) is a city and municipality in the Northeastern Netherlands. It is the capital of the province of Overijssel and the province's second-largest municipality, after Enschede, and has a population of 132,441 as of December 2023. Zwolle borders the province of Gelderland and lies on the eastern side of the River IJssel.
Peter Young (artist)
Peter Ford Young (born January 2, 1940) is an American painter.  He is primarily known for his abstract paintings that have been widely exhibited in the United States and in Europe since the 1960s. His work is associated with Minimal Art, Post-minimalism, and Lyrical Abstraction. Young has participated in more than a hundred group exhibitions and he has had more than forty solo exhibitions in important contemporary art galleries throughout his career. He lives in Bisbee, Arizona.

Postminimalism
Postminimalism is an art term coined (as post-minimalism) by Robert Pincus-Witten in 1971 and used in various artistic fields for work which is influenced by, or attempts to develop and go beyond, the aesthetic of minimalism. The expression is used specifically in relation to music and the visual arts, but can refer to any field using minimalism as a critical reference point. 
In music, postminimalism refers to music following minimal music.