hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Minar-e-Pakistan
Minar-e-Pakistan (Urdu: مینارِ پاکستان, romanised: Mīnār-e-Pākistān; lit. 'Tower of Pakistan') is a national monument located in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. The tower stands in the Greater Iqbal Park, an urban park in Lahore. The tower was built during 1960–1968 on the site where on 23 March 1940, the All-India Muslim League passed the Lahore Resolution which was later called the Pakistan Resolution – the first official call for a separate and independent homeland for the Muslims of British India, as espoused by the two-nation theory. The resolution eventually helped lead to the creation of Pakistan in 1947.

Sang-e-Meel Publications
Sang-e-Meel Publications is a Lahore-based publishing house that was established in 1962 in Pakistan. It has to its credit of being the foremost publisher of Urdu books after the partition of India in 1947. Apart from publishing numerous new titles, it is also credited with publication of old Urdu titles and classic and rare books.

It has to its credit the publication of books of famous writers like: Ashfaq Ahmed, Faiz Ahmed Faiz, Raza Ali Abidi, Mustansar Hussain Tarar, Saadat Hasan Manto, Razia Butt, Intizar Hussain, Qudratullah Shahab, Mirza Azeem Baig Chughtai, Qurat-ul-Ain Haider and many more.
Roger Michell (studio potter)
Roger Michell (1947 – 2018) was a British studio potter, artist, illustrator, poet and writer. He was most known for designing Walking Ware, a tea set on legs with over-sized Mary Jane shoes. During the nineteen seventies and eighties, thousands of these tea sets were sold, either hand made from Lustre Pottery studio or manufactured by Carltonware in Stoke-on-Trent.

Stoke-on-Trent
Stoke-on-Trent (often abbreviated to Stoke) is a city and unitary authority area in Staffordshire, England. It had an estimated population of 259,965 in 2022, making it the largest settlement in Staffordshire and one of the largest cities of the Midlands. Stoke is surrounded by the towns of Newcastle-under-Lyme, Alsager, Kidsgrove and Biddulph, which form a conurbation around the city.

The city is polycentric, formed from the federation of six towns in 1910. It took its name from the town of Stoke-upon-Trent, where the main centre of government and the principal railway station in the district were located. Hanley is the primary commercial centre. The other four towns which form the city are Burslem, Tunstall, Longton and Fenton.

As the home of the pottery industry in England, the area is known as The Potteries. It is a centre for service industries and distribution centres. It formerly had a primarily heavy industry sector.
The American Assembly
The American Assembly was a think tank at Columbia University, founded in 1950 by General Dwight Eisenhower. It was his most enduring achievement and legacy as president of Columbia, though some, such as his successor as President of Columbia University, Grayson Kirk, believed that the idea was "naive" and "extremely simplistic."

For over 70 years, it fostered nonpartisan public-policy discussions by convening, research, and publication. Over 100 "American Assemblies" were held on topics ranging from prison reform to healthcare to nuclear disarmament. In more recent years, Assembly projects made a wide range of contributions to economic, urban, and cultural policy, including projects on workforce development, financial regulation, and the role of the arts in American universities.

In July 2023, the American Assembly merged with the  Interdisciplinary Center for Innovative Theory and Empirics (INCITE) "to become Incite, an official institute at Columbia University."

Grayson L. Kirk
Grayson Louis Kirk (October 12, 1903 – November 21, 1997) was an American political scientist who served as president of Columbia University during the Columbia University protests of 1968. He was also an advisor to the State Department and instrumental in the formation of the United Nations.
Raymond Fellay
Raymond Fellay (16 January 1932 – 29 May 1994) was a Swiss alpine skier who competed in the 1956 Winter Olympics. He was born in Verbier.

In 1956 he won the silver medal in the Alpine downhill event. In the slalom competition he finished eleventh and in the giant slalom contest he finished 27th.

Alpine skiing at the 1956 Winter Olympics – Men's giant slalom
The men's giant slalom at the 1956 Winter Olympics was held on 29 January on Mount Faloria, outside Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy.  The course on the Ilio Colli run was 2.660 km (1.65 mi) in length, with a vertical drop of 623 metres (2,044 ft).  There were 71 gates for the men to navigate on the course.  Ninety-five men from twenty-nine countries entered the race though eight were disqualified.  Austrian men swept the medals.

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Bathurst County
Bathurst County was one of the original Nineteen Counties in New South Wales and is now one of the 141 cadastral divisions of New South Wales. It includes the area to the south-west of Bathurst to Cowra and Orange. The Lachlan River is the boundary to the south-west, the Belubula River forms part of the northern boundary, with the Fish River on the northeastern boundary. Blayney is located roughly in the middle.

Bathurst County was named in honour of Henry Bathurst, 3rd Earl 1762–1834. The Electoral district of Bathurst (County) was the first state electoral district for the area, between 1856 and 1859.

In 1852 it had an area of 1,196,400 acres (4,842 km2) and population of 6,405. At this time it was described as having some of the best wool in the colony, with excellent farming land.

Lachlan River
The Lachlan River (Wiradjuri: Kalari, Galari, Galiyarr) is an intermittent river that is part of the Murrumbidgee catchment within the Murray–Darling basin, located in the Southern Tablelands, Central West, and Riverina regions of New South Wales, Australia.

The Lachlan River is connected to the Murray–Darling basin only when both the Lachlan and Murrumbidgee Rivers are in flood. It is the only river in New South Wales with significant wetlands along its length, rather than just towards its end, including Lake Cowal-Wilbertroy, Lake Cargelligo and Lake Brewster, and nine wetlands of national significance.
Abdul Karim Mudarris
Mala Abdul Karim Mudarris or Maulana Sheikh Abdul Karim Mudarris (1902 — 2005) (Kurdish: Mele Ebdulkerîmê Muderîs, Arabic: عبد الكريم المدرس), also known as Nami, was a Kurdish Faqih, Mufti of Iraq, and Quran interpreter in addition to being a poet, writer, as well as a translator. He was known by the epithet Mudarris (English: the teacher) because he taught Islamic sciences for more than 80 years. Al-Mudarris left a legacy of approximately 150 publications (in Arabic, Kurdish, and Persian languages) on a multitude of subjects (Islamic fiqh, shariah, Quran interpretation, hadith studies, history, poetry, rhetoric, etc.) The majority of this work got published. His book, "Two Sentences" (Kurdish: دوو رشته), which was published in 1982, is a dictionary which defines Arabic words in poems in Kurdish. He was the first person to translate the Quran into Kurdish. The Kurdistan governmental region has decided to open a place for his works.

Islamic sciences
The Islamic sciences (Arabic: علوم الدين, romanized: ʿulūm al-dīn, lit. 'the sciences of religion') are a set of traditionally defined religious sciences practiced by Islamic scholars (ʿulamāʾ), aimed at the construction and interpretation of Islamic religious knowledge.
Al Hayshah
Al Hayshah is a coastal town in the Misrata District in the Tripolitanian region of northeastern Libya. It is located 19 kilometres (12 mi) from the Mediterranean Sea, on the Wadi Umm el Algian, 31 kilometres (19 mi) north-northeast of Al Qaddāḩīyah (Gheddahia), next to the Hayshah salt flats.

From independence in 1951 to 1983 Al Hayshah was part of the Misrata Governorate. From 1987 to 1995 it was part of the Sawfajjin baladiyah.  From 1995 to 2001 it is unclear which district administered Al Hayshah.  It was part of the revised Sirte District from 2001 to 2007, but was incorporated into the enlarged Misrata District in 2007.

Sawfajjin Municipality
Sawfajjin (Arabic: سوفاجين) was one of the baladiyat (municipalities) of Libya from 1987 to 1995.  It was in the north of the country with its capital at Bani Walid. Its former land area is now a part of the Sirte District and the Misrata District.
Viscount Lake
Viscount Lake, of Delhi and Laswary and of Aston Clinton in the County of Buckingham, was a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom.

The peerage was created on 31 October 1807 for the prominent soldier Gerard Lake, 1st Baron Lake. He commanded the victorious British forces at the Battle of Laswari, which took place on 1 November 1803 near Laswari village, Alwar, during the Second Anglo-Maratha War. Lake was Commander-in-Chief of India from 1801 to 1805 and from 1805 to 1807. Lake had already been created Baron Lake, of Delhi and Laswary and of Aston Clinton in the County of Buckingham, on 1 September 1804, also in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. The titles became extinct on the death of the third Viscount in 1848.

Aston Clinton
Aston Clinton is a historic village and civil parish in the Vale of Aylesbury in Buckinghamshire, England. The village lies at the foot of the Chiltern Hills, between the Wendover and Aylesbury arms of the Grand Union Canal. Surrounding towns include Wendover to the south, Aylesbury to the west, and Tring to the east - across the nearby county border with Hertfordshire.
Ole Tidemand
Ole Tidemand (31 October 1710–9 January 1778) was a Norwegian theologian and priest.  He served as a bishop of the Diocese of Bjørgvin from 1757 until 1762 and then Bishop of the Diocese of Christianssand from 1762 until 1778.  Bishop Tidemand always had powerful friends in Copenhagen, the capital of the Kingdom of Denmark-Norway.  Most notably, the Dowager Queen Juliana Maria was a supporter of his.  Tidemand was a student and colleague of Bishop Erik Pontoppidan and a leader in the pietist movement in Norway.

Juliana Maria of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
Juliana Maria of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel-Bevern (Danish: Juliane Marie; 4 September 1729 – 10 October 1796) was Queen of Denmark and Norway from 1752 to 1766 as the second consort of King Frederick V of Denmark and Norway. She was mother to the prince-regent, Hereditary Prince Frederick of Denmark and Norway, and was herself de facto regent from 1772 to 1784. King Christian VIII of Denmark and every subsequent Danish monarch excluding Christian IX descends from her.
2019 Atlantic 10 men's basketball tournament
The 2019 Atlantic 10 men's basketball tournament was the postseason men's basketball tournament for the Atlantic 10 Conference's 2018–19 season. It was held from March 13 through March 17, 2019 at the Barclays Center in Brooklyn, New York. Saint Louis defeated St. Bonaventure 55–53 in the championship game to win the tournament, and received the A10's automatic bid to the NCAA tournament.

2018–19 St. Bonaventure Bonnies men's basketball team
The 2018–19 St. Bonaventure Bonnies men's basketball team represented St. Bonaventure University during the 2018–19 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Bonnies, led by 12th-year head coach Mark Schmidt, played their home games at the Reilly Center in Olean, New York as members of the Atlantic 10 Conference. They finished the season 18-16, 12-6 in A-10 play for 4th place. They defeated George Mason and Rhode Island to advance to the championship game where they lost to Saint Louis.
Speaker of the House of Peoples' Representatives
The speaker of the Ethiopian House of Peoples Representatives is the presiding officer over the House. The current speaker is Tagesse Chafo who succeeded Muferiat Kamil when Kamil was promoted to become the minister of peace.

The inaugural holder of this post was Dawit Yohannes who became speaker in 1995. He left the role in 2005 after serving for 10 years.

Muferiat Kamil
Muferihat Kamil Ahmed (Amharic: ሙፈሪሃት ካሚል አሕመድ, mufärihat kamil ähmäd; born 1976) is an Ethiopian politician who is the current Minister of Labour and Skills Development since 2021. She was the Speaker of the House of Peoples' Representatives. Muferihat previously served as the first Minister of Peace from October 2018 to  6 October 2021. She was the Chair of the SEPDM (Southern Ethiopian People's Democratic Movement), one of the four parties that make up the former ruling coalition in Ethiopia, the EPRDF.
Bright-rumped yellow finch
The bright-rumped yellow finch (Sicalis uropigyalis) is a species of bird in the family Thraupidae. It is found in the Puna grassland: Peru, Bolivia and northern Chile and Argentina. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland and heavily degraded former forest.

The bright-rumped yellow finch was formally described in 1837 by the French naturalists Alcide d'Orbigny and Frédéric de Lafresnaye from a specimen collected in the Bolivian Andes. They coined the binomial name Emberiza uropigyalis.

Frédéric de Lafresnaye
Baron Nöel Frédéric Armand André de Lafresnaye (24 July 1783 – 14 July 1861) was a French ornithologist and collector.

Lafresnaye was born into an aristocratic family at Chateau de La Fresnaye in Falaise, Normandy. He took an early interest in natural history, particularly entomology. It was only after acquiring a collection of European birds that he turned his attention to ornithology.

Lafresnaye described a number of new bird species, some with Alcide d'Orbigny. He accumulated a collection of over 8,000 bird skins at his home. After his death the collection was purchased by the American collector Henry Bryant and donated to the Boston Natural History Society. It was transferred to the Museum of Comparative Zoology in 1914.

Lafresnaye's piculet, Lafresnaye's woodcreeper and Lafresnaye's vanga are avian species that bear his name, as is the monotypic hummingbird genus Lafresnaya.
2018 WGC-Bridgestone Invitational
The 2018 WGC-Bridgestone Invitational was a professional golf tournament held August 2–5 on the South Course of Firestone Country Club in Akron, Ohio. It was the 20th WGC-Bridgestone Invitational tournament, and the third of the World Golf Championships events in 2018.

Justin Rose
Justin Peter Rose (born 30 July 1980) is an English professional golfer. At age 17, Rose came to prominence when he finished in fourth place as an amateur at the 1998 Open Championship. He turned professional the next day but struggled during his first few years, making few cuts. In the early 2000s, however, Rose improved, winning his first European Tour title in 2002 and leading the tour's Order of Merit in 2007. In the ensuing years, Rose won a number of notable tournaments on the PGA Tour, culminating with a win at the 2013 U.S. Open. Since then Rose has continued with success, earning a gold medal at the 2016 Summer Olympics, reaching #1 in the world rankings in 2018, and finishing runner-up at a number of major championships, including a playoff loss to Rory McIlroy at the 2025 Masters.
Brazilian Civil Rights Framework for the Internet
Brazilian Civil Rights Framework for the Internet (in Portuguese: Marco Civil da Internet, officially (Federal) Law No 12.965/2014) is the law that governs the use of the Internet in Brazil and sets out guidelines for state action and rights and duties for users and operators.

The bill was approved by the Brazilian Congress Câmara dos Deputados on March 25, 2014 and was submitted to the Senado Federal. The Marco Civil was approved by the Brazilian Senate on April 22, 2014 and signed into law by president Dilma Rousseff on April 23, 2014, at the Global Multistakeholder Meeting on the Future of Internet Governance.

Federal government of Brazil
The Federal Government of Brazil (Governo Federal) is the national government of the Federative Republic of Brazil, a republic in South America divided into 26 states and a federal district. The Brazilian federal government is divided into three branches: the executive, which is headed by the President and the cabinet; the legislative, whose powers are vested by the Constitution in the National Congress; and the judiciary, whose powers are vested in nine organs, including the Supreme Federal Court and lower federal courts. The seat of the federal government is located in Brasília.
Ignorance (The Weather Station album)
Ignorance is the fifth studio album by Canadian band the Weather Station. It was released worldwide on February 5, 2021, through Fat Possum Records in the United States, and a small part (digital or vinyl only) through Next Door Records in Canada. The album's lead single "Robber" was released on October 14, 2020.

The album's ten tracks were recorded with two percussionists, a saxophonist and a flutist, plus bass, keys, and guitar. Songwriter Tamara Lindeman wrote and produced all the songs. The album's theme is based on Lindeman's contemplation of the global climate crisis.

Fat Possum Records
Fat Possum Records is an American independent record label based in Water Valley and Oxford, Mississippi. At first Fat Possum focused almost entirely on recording previously unknown Mississippi blues artists (typically from Oxford or Holly Springs, Mississippi). Fat Possum has signed younger rock acts to its roster. The label has been featured in The New York Times, New Yorker, The Observer, a Sundance Channel production, features on NPR, and a 2004 documentary, You See Me Laughin. Fat Possum also distributes the Hi Records catalog.
Early Snow on the River
Early Snow on the River (Traditional Chinese: 江行初雪圖, Pinyin: Jiāng xíng chūxuě tú) is a Chinese landscape painting created by artist Zhao Gan (趙幹) created in the 10th century, during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. It is a prominent example of the shanshui genre, dedicated to mountains and waterscapes done with brush and ink from the era, and is the only extant surviving piece by Zhao Gan. From the seal impressions annotating the piece, it was a prominent piece in the collections of Chinese imperial families across multiple dynasties. It is currently held by the National Palace Museum in Taipei, Taiwan.

Brush
A brush is a common tool with bristles, wire or other filaments. It generally consists of a handle or block to which filaments are affixed in either a parallel or perpendicular orientation, depending on the way the brush is to be gripped during use. The material of both the block and bristles or filaments is chosen to withstand hazards of its intended use, such as corrosive chemicals, heat or abrasion. It is used for cleaning, grooming hair, make up,   painting,  surface finishing and for many other purposes.   It is one of the most basic and versatile tools in use today, and the average household may contain several dozen varieties.
António Augusto Peixoto Correia
António Augusto Peixoto Correia (11 October 1913 – 16 March 1988) was a Portuguese colonial administrator, military officer and politician. He was born 11 October 1913 in Vila Nova de Gaia, a suburb of Porto in northern Portugal. He was a navy officer, and was governor of the District of Huíla in Angola in 1955. Between 1957 and 1958, he was governor of Cape Verde. He succeeded  Manuel Marques de Abrantes Amaral and was succeeded by Silvino Silvério Marques.

He was governor of Portuguese Guinea (Guinea-Bissau) between 1958 and 1962. During his tenure as governor, the Pidjiguiti massacre took place, which started the Guinea-Bissau War of Independence. He was succeeded by Vasco António Martins Rodrigues. He was Minister of the Overseas from 4 December 1962 to 19 March 1965 under Prime Minister Salazar. He was vice-president of the Council of Overseas Territories from 1960 to 1970. He was member of the National Assembly of Portugal from 1965 until 1973. He died on 16 March 1988.

Pidjiguiti massacre
The Pidjiguiti massacre (also spelled Pijiguiti) was an incident that took place on 3 August 1959 at the Port of Bissau's Pijiguiti docks in Bissau, Portuguese Guinea. Dock workers went on strike, seeking higher pay, but a manager called the PIDE, the Portuguese state police, who fired into the crowd, killing at least 25 people. The government blamed the revolutionary group African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC), arresting several of its members. The incident caused PAIGC to abandon their campaign of nonviolent resistance, leading to the Guinea-Bissau War of Independence in 1963.
Korwa language
Korwa, or Kodaku/Koraku (Koɽaku), is an Austroasiatic language spoken in the Indian states of Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand.

Existing Korwa linguistic documentation includes Bahl (1962), which is based on the Korwa dialect of Dumertoli village, Bagicha Block, Tehsil Jashpurnagar, Raigarh District, Chhattisgarh.

A 2022 study conducted by SIL International on Korwa-Koraku languages indicates that Korwa and Koraku are two different languages. According to Anderson et al. 2008, Koraku is more closer to Santali, while Korwa is closer to Mundari, two major subtypes of the Kherwarian languages, respectively.

Surguja district
Surguja district is a district of the Indian state of Chhattisgarh. The district is one of the oldest districts of Chhattisgarh. The headquarters of the district is Ambikapur.

The district lies in its eponymous Surguja dialectal region (where Surgujia is spoken) and is to the east of the Vindhyachal-Baghelkhand region of peninsular India.

The district spread over a vast mountainous area inhabited by many different people groups such as the Gond, Bhumij, Oraon, Panika, Korwa, Bhuiya, Kharwar, Munda, Chero, Rajwar, Nagesia, Kanwar and Santal.
Rostow
Rostow is an Americanized form of the Russian and Ashkenazi Jewish toponymic surname Rostov (Russian: Ростов; masculine) or Rostova (Ростова; feminine). It indicates someone from Rostov in Russia. Notable people with the surname include:

Elspeth Rostow (1917–2007), American educator and policy advisor

Eugene V. Rostow (1913–2002), American jurist

Lois Rostow Kuznets, American professor emeritus specializing in children's literature

Walt Rostow (1916–2003), American economist and political theorist

Eugene V. Rostow
Eugene Victor Debs Rostow (August 25, 1913 – November 25, 2002) was an American legal scholar and civil servant. He was appointed dean of Yale Law School and served as Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs under U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson. During the 1970s, Rostow was a leader of the movement against détente with the Soviet Union, and in 1981, U.S. President Ronald Reagan appointed him director of the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (ACDA).
Val Yacula
William (Val) Yacula (1908 – September 24, 1958) was a Canadian politician. He represented the electoral district of Springfield in the House of Commons of Canada as a member of the Progressive Conservatives.

He was elected in the 1958 election. However, he died on September 24, 1958, after just 178 days in office.

1958 Canadian federal election
The 1958 Canadian federal election was held to elect members  of the House of Commons of Canada of the 24th Parliament of Canada on March 31, 1958, just nine months after the 23rd election. It transformed Prime Minister John Diefenbaker's minority into the largest majority government in Canadian history and the second-largest percentage of the popular vote; only Unionist Prime Minister Robert Borden’s triumph in the 1917 federal election, at 56.93 percent, was higher. Although the Tories would surpass their 1958-seat total in the 1984 election, the 1958 result (achieved in a smaller House) remains unmatched both in terms of percentage of seats (78.5%) and the size of the government majority over all opposition parties (a 151-seat majority). Voter turnout was 79.4%, the highest percentage of eligible electors to cast a ballot in Canadian federal election history.