hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Siege of Algeciras (1342–1344)
The siege of Algeciras (1342–1344) was undertaken during the Reconquest of Spain by the Castillian forces of Alfonso XI assisted by the fleets of the Crown of Aragon and the Republic of Genoa. The objective was to capture the city of Algeciras, called Al-Jazeera Al-Khadra by the Arabs who occupied it. The city was the capital and the main port of the European territory of the Marinid Empire.

The siege lasted for twenty one months. The population of the city, about 30,000 people including civilians and Berber soldiers, suffered from a land and sea blockade that prevented the entry of food into the city. The Emirate of Granada sent an army to relieve the city, but it was defeated beside the Río Palmones. Following this, on 26 March 1344 the city surrendered and was incorporated into the Crown of Castile. This was one of the first military engagements in Europe where gunpowder was used.

Pope Clement VI
Pope Clement VI (Latin: Clemens VI; 1291 – 6 December 1352), born Pierre Roger, was head of the Catholic Church from 7 May 1342 to his death, in December 1352. He was the fourth Avignon pope. Clement reigned during the first visitation of the Black Death (1348–1350), during which he granted remission of sins to all who died of the plague.

Roger steadfastly resisted temporal encroachments on the Church's ecclesiastical jurisdiction, and, as pope Clement VI, entrenched French dominance of the Church and opened its coffers to enhance the regal splendour of the Papacy. He recruited composers and music theorists for his court, including figures associated with the then-innovative Ars Nova style of France and the Low Countries.
Alena Filipava
Alena Piatrouna Filipava (Belarusian: Алена Пятроўна Філіпава; born October 10, 1987, in Minsk) is an amateur Belarusian freestyle wrestler, who played for the women's featherweight category. 
She won the bronze medal at the 2009 World Wrestling Championships in Herning, Denmark, against Tatiana Padilla of the United States, in addition to her silver at the European Championships in Vilnius, Lithuania.

Filipava made her official debut at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, where she competed for the 55 kg class in freestyle wrestling, an event which was imminently dominated by world champion Saori Yoshida from Japan. She lost the second preliminary match to Kazakhstan's Olga Smirnova, with a two-set technical score (3–2, 0–3, 2–4), and a classification score of 1–3, finishing only in thirteenth place.

Herning
Herning (Danish pronunciation: [ˈhɛɐ̯ne̝ŋ]) is a Danish town in the Central Denmark Region of the Jutland peninsula. It is the main town and the administrative seat of Herning Municipality. Herning has a population of 51,782 (1 January 2025) including the suburbs of Tjørring, Snejbjerg, Lind, Birk, Hammerum, and Gjellerup, making Herning the 12th most populous urban area in Denmark.
Alkali basalt
Alkali basalt or alkali olivine basalt is a dark-colored, porphyritic volcanic rock usually found in oceanic and continental areas associated with volcanic activity, such as oceanic islands, continental rifts and volcanic fields. Alkali basalt is characterized by relatively high alkali (Na2O and K2O) content relative to other basalts and by the presence of olivine and titanium-rich augite in its groundmass and phenocrysts, and nepheline in its CIPW norm.

Augite
Augite, also known as Augurite, is a common rock-forming  pyroxene mineral with formula (Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe,Al,Ti)(Si,Al)2O6. The crystals are monoclinic and prismatic. Augite has two prominent cleavages, meeting at angles near 90 degrees.
Bathocyroe fosteri
Bathocyroe fosteri is a species of lobate ctenophore found at intermediate depths in all the world's oceans. The species is very common and abundant near the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. It is bioluminescent, and is typically observed hanging motionlessly in an upright or inverted posture although it can flap its oral lobes to swim. This deep-sea comb jelly is named for Alvin (DSV-2) pilot Dudley Foster, who collected the first specimens.

Mid-Atlantic Ridge
The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is a mid-ocean ridge (a divergent or constructive plate boundary) located along the floor of the Atlantic Ocean, and part of the longest mountain range in the world. In the North Atlantic, the ridge separates the North American from the Eurasian plate and the African plate, north and south of the Azores triple junction. In the South Atlantic, it separates the African and South American plates. The ridge extends from a junction with the Gakkel Ridge (Mid-Arctic Ridge) northeast of Greenland southward to the Bouvet triple junction in the South Atlantic. Although the Mid-Atlantic Ridge is mostly an underwater feature, portions of it have enough elevation to extend above sea level, for example in Iceland. The ridge has an average spreading rate of about 2.5 centimetres (1 in) per year.
South Street (Perth, Western Australia)
South Street is an east–west arterial highway in the southern suburbs of Perth, Western Australia. It runs from Canning Vale to Fremantle, and is part of State Route 13.

Notable locations along South Street include:

Murdoch railway station

Murdoch University main campus

Fiona Stanley Hospital

St John of God Murdoch Hospital

A section of South Street between Kwinana Freeway and Vahland Avenue has one lane in each direction reserved as a bus lane during peak times. The CircleRoute bus route runs along part of South Street between Fremantle and Murdoch.

It is named South Street because its westernmost portion forms the southern edge of Fremantle.

Rush hour
A rush hour (American English, British English) or peak hour (Australian English, Indian English) is a part of the day during which traffic congestion on roads and crowding on public transport is at its highest. Normally, this happens twice every weekday: once in the morning and once in the afternoon or evening, the times during which most people commute. The term is often used for a period of peak congestion that may last for more than one hour.

The term is very broad, but often refers specifically to private automobile transportation traffic, even when there is a large volume of cars on a road but not many people, or if the volume is normal but there is some disruption of speed. By analogy to vehicular traffic, the term Internet rush hour has been used to describe periods of peak data network usage, resulting in delays and slower delivery of data packets.
Hsu Jo-ting
Hsu Jo-ting (Chinese: 徐若庭; pinyin: Xú Ruòtíng; born 18 March 1990) is a Taiwanese fencer. She competed at the individual épée events at the 2010 Asian Games and 2012 Summer Olympics. She was the first athlete representing Chinese Taipei at an Olympic fencing event. In the first round she defeated Mona Hassanein of Egypt, but then was stopped 15–8 by Romania's Ana Maria Brânză, whom she considers as her sport hero.

Épée
The épée (/ˈɛpeɪ, ˈeɪ-/, French: [epe]; lit. 'sword'), also rendered as epee in English, is the largest and heaviest of the three weapons used in the sport of fencing. The modern épée derives from the 19th-century épée de combat, a weapon which itself derives from the French small sword.

As a thrusting weapon, the épée is similar to a foil (contrasted with a sabre, which is designed for slashing). It has a stiffer blade than a foil. It is triangular in cross-section with a V-shaped groove called a fuller. The épée also has a larger bell guard designed to protect the user’s arm. In addition to the larger "bell" guard and blade, the épée weighs more than the foil and sabre which contributes to its reputation of being the slowest form of fencing. The techniques of use differ, as there are no rules regarding priority and a lack of right of way. Thus, immediate counterattacks are a common feature of épée fencing. The entire body is a valid target area.
Soulos
Soulos (Greek: Σούλος) is a village in the municipality of Megalopoli, Arcadia, Greece. It is situated on a hillside, 1 km north of Plaka, 2 km southeast of Katsimpalis, 2 km west of Nea Ekklisoula and 5 km northwest of Megalopoli.  The Greek National Road 76 (Megalopoli - Andritsaina - Krestena) passes east of the village.

Andritsaina
Andritsaina (Greek: Ανδρίτσαινα) is a village, a community and a former municipality in Elis, West Greece, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Andritsaina-Krestena, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 131.247 km2.
Kanavuori
Kanavuori is a district, a hill and a nature reserve in Jyväskylä, Finland. It is a part of Vaajakoski-Jyskä ward. It is located at around 10 kilometres (6 mi) from the city centre on the shores of Vaajanvirta river between lake Päijänne and lake Leppävesi.

The residential area of Kanavuori consists mainly of detached housing in the area of Etu-Kanavuori, which is located at the foot of the hill on the shore of Vaajanvirta and along the Jyväskylä-Pieksämäki railway line. Also the residential areas of Ruokosaari and Naissaari belong to the official district. Kanavuori previously had a railway stop, but it was closed in 1983. There were 738 inhabitants on 31 December, 2007.

Hill
A hill is a landform that extends above the surrounding terrain. It often has a distinct summit, and is usually applied to peaks which are above elevation compared to the relative landmass, though not as prominent as mountains. Hills fall under the category of slope landforms.
Perittia piperatella
Perittia piperatella is a moth of the family Elachistidae. It is found on the Iberian Peninsula.

The wingspan is 8.5–10 mm.

The larvae feed on Cistus ladanifer. They mine the leaves of their host plant. Larvae can be found from November to March.

Cistus ladanifer
Cistus ladanifer is a species of flowering plant in the family Cistaceae. It is native to the western Mediterranean region. Common names include gum rockrose, labdanum, common gum cistus, and brown-eyed rockrose.
Buck Knives
Buck Knives is an American knife brand and manufacturer founded in San Diego, California in 1947 as H.H. Buck and Son, and now located in Post Falls, Idaho. Company founder and family patriarch Hoyt Buck made his first knife in 1902, but did not begin making them commercially until 1947. Since then the family owned company has a five-generation history of manufacturing knives and related products (such as sheathes and sharpeners). Buck Knives primarily manufactures sport and field knives and is credited with inventing the "folding hunting knife" and popularizing it to such a degree that the term "buck knife" has become associated with folding lockback knives, including those made by other manufacturers.

Hunting knife
A hunting knife is a knife used during hunting for preparing the game to be used as food by skinning the animal and cutting up its meat.  It is different from the hunting dagger which was traditionally used to kill wild game.

Some hunting knives are adapted for other uses in the wild, such as a camp knife, which hunters may use  as machetes or hatchets when those specific tools are not available. In this case, their function is similar to a survival knife.
SBB De 6/6
The Swiss Class De 6/6 electric locomotives were built in 1926 for the Swiss Federal Railways. Ordered for the Seetalbahn line, which runs between Lenzburg and Emmenbrücke, they were Known as Seetal Crocodiles. In total 3 locomotives of this type were built, and numbered 15301–15303. As built they were capable of operating under dual voltage - the 5.5 kV, 25 Hz AC system in use on the Seetal line, and the national 15 kV  16+2⁄3 Hz AC system. The former system was removed from these locomotives in 1930, when the line was modernised to SBB national standards.

15 kV AC railway electrification
Railway electrification using alternating current (AC) at 15 kilovolts (kV) and 16.7 hertz (Hz) are used on transport railways in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Sweden, and Norway. The high voltage enables high power transmission with the lower frequency reducing the losses of the traction motors that were available at the beginning of the 20th century. Globally, railway electrification in late 20th century tends to use 25 kV, 50 Hz AC systems which has become the preferred standard for new railway electrifications. Nevertheless, local extensions of the existing 15 kV network is commonplace. In particular, the Gotthard Base Tunnel (opened on 1 June 2016) uses 15 kV, 16.7 Hz electrification.

Due to high conversion costs, it is unlikely that existing 15 kV, 16.7 Hz systems will be converted to  25 kV, 50 Hz despite the fact that this would reduce the weight of the on-board step-down transformers to one third that of the present devices.
Endre Nemes
Endre Nemes (November 10, 1909 – September 22, 1985; born with the family name Nágel)  was a Hungarian-Slovako-Czecho-Swedish Surrealist artist who had a background in Lyrical Abstraction. While his early exhibitions included tailors' dummies and écorchés, he was notable in Sweden for his use of enamels in public art.

Enamel paint
Enamel paint is paint that air-dries to a hard, usually glossy, finish, used for coating surfaces that are outdoors or otherwise subject to hard wear or variations in temperature; it should not be confused with decorated objects in "painted enamel", where vitreous enamel is applied with brushes and fired in a kiln. The name is something of a misnomer, as in reality most commercially available enamel paints are significantly softer than either vitreous enamel or stoved synthetic resins, and are totally different in composition; vitreous enamel is applied as a powder or paste and then fired at high temperature. There is no generally accepted definition or standard for use of the term "enamel paint", and not all enamel-type paints may use it.
Ed Taylor (American football)
Everett Earl "Ed" Taylor (born May 13, 1953) is an American former professional football player who was a defensive back in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Memphis Tigers and was selected by the New York Jets in the ninth round of the 1975 NFL draft.

Taylor also played for the Miami Dolphins.

Competing for the Memphis Tigers track and field team, Taylor won the 1973 NCAA University Division Outdoor Track and Field Championships in the 4 × 110 yard relay.

4 × 100 meter relay at the NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships
This is a list of the NCAA outdoor champions in the 4 × 110 yard relay until 1975, and the metric 4 × 100 metres relay since metrication occurred in 1976. Hand timing was used until 1973, while starting in 1974 fully automatic timing was used.
Cantiere della Foce
Cantiere della Foce (Shipyard of the Mouth) was an Italian shipyard founded around 1800 in the village of Foce (later absorbed by Genoa) at the mouth of the Bisagno River. It built its first warship in 1804, but shipbuilding was very intermittent until the Kingdom of Sardinia acquired Liguria in 1815.

Attilio Odero acquired the shipyard in 1890, combining it with his other Genoese shipyard, the Cantieri navali Odero. Both shipyards were amalgamated, together with the Ansaldo-San Giorgio shipyard at Muggiano and the armament works of Vickers-Terni into Odero-Terni in 1927. Two years later Odero-Terni bought the Cantiere navale fratelli Orlando of Livorno. The consolidated company became the Società per la Costruzione di Navi, Macchine ed Artiglierie Odero-Terni-Orlando (OTO) (later OTO Melara) in 1929. The shipyard was closed in 1930 and demolished to allow for the expansion of the city of Genoa.

Lerici
Lerici (Ligurian: Lerxi, locally Lerze) is a comune in the province of La Spezia, in the Italian region of Liguria, part of the Italian Riviera. It is situated on the coast of the Gulf of La Spezia, 8 kilometres (5 mi) southeast of La Spezia. It is known as the place where the poet Percy Bysshe Shelley drowned. The town is connected by ferry to the Cinque Terre and Porto Venere.

One of the main sights of Lerici is its castle which since its first founding in 1152 was used to help control the entrance of the Gulf of La Spezia. For a long time, the castle contained a museum of palaeontology inspired by a local lad (Walter) finding dinosaur bones in the region.
Hibbertia ovata
Hibbertia ovata is a species of flowering plant in the family Dilleniaceae and is endemic to Western Australia. It is an ascending or erect, spreading shrub that typically grows to a height of 10–60 cm (3.9–23.6 in). It flowers from July to November and has yellow flowers. It was first formally described in 1845 by Ernst Gottlieb von Steudel in Lehmann's Plantae Preissianae. The specific epithet (ovata) means "wider below the middle", referring to the leaves.

This species is found on the Darling Scarp in the Jarrah Forest and Swan Coastal Plain biogeographic regions of south-western Western Australia.

Darling Scarp
The Darling Scarp (Nyungar: Katta Moorda), also referred to as the Darling Range or Darling Ranges, is a low escarpment running north–south to the east of the Swan Coastal Plain and Perth, Western Australia. The escarpment extends generally north of Bindoon, to the south of Pemberton. The adjacent Darling Plateau goes easterly to include Mount Bakewell near York and Mount Saddleback near Boddington. It was named after the Governor of New South Wales, Lieutenant-General Ralph Darling.
Riobamba Cathedral
The Cathedral of Saint Peter (Spanish: Catedral de San Pedro) or simply Riobamba Cathedral is the cathedral church of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Riobamba, situated on the Parque Maldonado in Riobamba,  Chimborazo, Ecuador.

The current structure, mixing Spanish and indigenous elements, is well-regarded as an example of Plateresque art. It was reconstructed from 1810 to 1835 from the remains of the Andean Baroque structure which was destroyed in the earthquake of 1797.

It is the mother church of the Diocese of Riobamba (Dioecesis Rivibambensis), which was created as Diocese of Bolivar in 1862 in the pontificate of Pope Pius IX and assumed its current name in 1955.

Chimborazo Province
Chimborazo (Spanish pronunciation: [tʃimboˈɾaso]) is a province in the central Ecuadorian Andes. It is a home to a section of Sangay National Park. The capital is Riobamba. The province contains  Chimborazo (6,267 m), Ecuador's highest mountain.
Henry Roy Brahana
Henry Roy Brahana (16 August 1895 in Lowell, Vermont – 15 October 1972 in Dennis, Massachusetts) was a mathematician, specializing in metabelian groups and related geometric structures.

H. Roy Brahana received his PhD from Princeton University in 1920 under the direction of Oswald Veblen. In the autumn of 1920, he joined the mathematics department of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and remained there until his retirement in 1963. Brahana was the editor for the publication by the University of Illinois Press of the collected works of George Abram Miller in 5 volumes, coming out in the years 1935, 1939, 1946, 1955, and 1959. The H. Roy Brahana Prize for undergraduates at U. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign was established in his honor. His doctoral students include Robert M. Thrall.

Oswald Veblen
Oswald Veblen (June 24, 1880 – August 10, 1960) was an American mathematician, geometer and topologist, whose work found application in atomic physics and the theory of relativity. He proved the Jordan curve theorem in 1905; while this was long considered the first rigorous proof of the theorem, many now also consider Camille Jordan's original proof rigorous.
Ring III
Kehä III ("ring three", National road 50; or Finnish: Kehä III or Kantatie 50; Swedish: Ring III or Stamväg 50) is an important highway in Southern Finland. It is the outermost of the three beltways in Helsinki capital region, and the first one to be built. It lies across the four Finnish municipalities of Kirkkonummi, Espoo, Vantaa and Helsinki.  Shaped like an arch, the road is 46 kilometres (29 mi) long, of which only a very small fraction passes within the borders of Helsinki itself.

Southern Finland Province
Southern Finland (Finnish: Etelä-Suomen lääni, Swedish: Södra Finlands län) was a province of Finland from 1997 to 2009. It bordered the provinces of Western Finland and Eastern Finland. It also bordered the Gulf of Finland and Russia.
Action of 18 February 1639
The action of 18 February 1639 was a naval battle of the Eighty Years' War fought off Dunkirk between a Dutch fleet under the command of Admiral Maarten Tromp and the Spanish Dunkirk Squadron under Miguel de Horna. Horna, who had orders to join with his ships Admiral Antonio de Oquendo's fleet at A Coruña, escorted at the same time a transport convoy carrying 2,000 Walloon soldiers to Spain, where they were needed. The attempt to exit Dunkirk was done in sight of the Dutch blockading squadron of Maarten Tromp. A 4-hour battle ensued and Horna was forced to retreat into Dunkirk leaving behind two of his galleons, whilst another ran aground. Despite his success in stopping the sortie, many of Tromp's ships suffered heavy damage, and the Dutch Admiral was forced to abandon the blockade. Therefore, De Horna, after repairing his squadron, was able to accomplish his mission.

Galleon
Galleons were large, multi-decked sailing ships developed in Spain and Portugal. They were first used as armed cargo carriers by Europeans from the 16th to 18th centuries during the Age of Sail, and they were the principal vessels drafted for use as warships until the Anglo-Dutch Wars of the mid-17th century. Galleons generally carried three or more masts with a lateen fore-and-aft rig on the rear masts, were carvel built with a prominent squared off raised stern, and used square-rigged sail plans on their fore-mast and main-masts.

Such ships played a major role in commerce in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries and were often drafted into use as auxiliary naval war vessels—indeed, they were the mainstay of contending fleets through most of the 150 years of the Age of Exploration—before the Anglo-Dutch wars made purpose-built warships dominant at sea during the remainder of the Age of Sail.
Kandahar (ski course)
Kandahar is a classic World Cup downhill ski course in Bavaria, Germany, opened in 1936. It is located at the Garmisch Classic ski area on the Zugspitze, above Garmisch-Partenkirchen.

Since 1954, the competition called Arlberg-Kandahar races have been held here, which is rotating with other notable downhill ski courses in Austria, Switzerland, France, and Italy.

In 2009, the new "Kandahar 2" course opened, parallel to the original, which became "Kandahar 1". With a max. incline of 42.6 degrees (92%), it has the 2nd steepest gradient on the World Cup circuit.

Wengen
Wengen (German pronunciation: [ˈvɛŋən] ⓘ) is a mountain village in the Bernese Oberland of central Switzerland. Located in the canton of Bern at an elevation of 1,274 m (4,180 ft) above sea level, it is part of the Jungfrauregion and has approximately 1,300 year-round residents, which swells to 5,000 during summer and to 10,000 in the winter. Wengen hosts the classic Lauberhorn ski races of the FIS Alpine Ski World Cup in January.