hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1981 American League Division Series
The 1981 American League Division Series (ALDS), the opening round of the American League side of the 1981 MLB Postseason, began on Tuesday, October 6, and ended on Sunday, October 11. The Division Series were approved by team owners on August 6 in response to the 1981 Major League Baseball strike, which caused the cancellation of roughly one-third of the regular season between June 12 and August 9; by the time play was resumed, it was decided that the best approach was to have the first-half leaders automatically qualify for postseason play, and allow all the teams to begin the second half with a clean slate.

American League Division Series
In Major League Baseball, the American League Division Series (ALDS) determines which two teams from the American League will advance to the American League Championship Series. The Division Series consists of two best-of-five series, featuring each of the two division winners with the best records and the winners of the wild-card play-off.
Praveen Linga
Praveen Linga PhD FRSC, a chemical engineer, is a professor at the National University of Singapore's Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering. He is an expert in clathrate hydrates or gas hydrates. He is also the co-founder of NewGen Gas Pte Ltd, a spin-off company that specialises in solidified natural gas (SNG) technology via clathrate hydrates for natural gas storage and transport. He has been interviewed and has provided expert opinion and commentary in the media.

Clarivate
Clarivate Plc is a British-American publicly traded analytics company that operates a collection of subscription-based services, in the areas of bibliometrics and scientometrics; business and market intelligence, and competitive profiling for pharmacy and biotech, patents, and regulatory compliance; trademark protection, and domain and brand protection. Clarivate calculates the impact factor of scientific journals, using data from its Web of Science product family, that also includes services and applications such as Publons, EndNote, and EndNote Click. Its other product families are Cortellis, DRG, CPA Global, Derwent, CompuMark, and Darts-ip, and also the various ProQuest products and services.

Clarivate was formed in 2016, following the acquisition of Thomson Reuters' Intellectual Property and Science business by Onex Corporation and Baring Private Equity Asia. Clarivate has acquired various companies since then, including, notably, ProQuest in 2021.
James A. Martin
James Aloysius Martin SJ (August 30, 1902 – October 1, 2007) was an American Jesuit priest, professor and athletic director. Martin was the world's oldest Jesuit priest at the time of his death at the age of 105 at the Georgetown University Jesuit Residence in Washington, DC

Ateneo de Manila University
The Ateneo de Manila University (Filipino: Pamantasang Ateneo de Manila; Spanish: Universidad Ateneo de Manila), commonly referred to as the Ateneo de Manila or the Ateneo, is a private Catholic research university in Quezon City, Philippines. Established in 1859 by the Jesuits, it is among the oldest Jesuit-administered institutions of higher education in the Asia-Pacific.

The university offers primary and secondary education, as well as undergraduate and graduate programs in the humanities, social sciences, natural sciences, engineering, and business. The university provides professional degrees through the Graduate School of Business, the School of Government, the School of Medicine and Public Health, and the Ateneo Law School. It follows a Jesuit tradition of liberal arts education, emphasizing the humanities at all educational levels.
Rajpura Village
Rajpura is located in Arwal, Bihar, India. It is situated 3 km (1.9 mi) from sub-district headquarters Kaler and 25 km (16 mi) away from district headquarters Arwal.

The total geographical area of village is 77 hectares (190 acres). Rajpura has a total population of 863 people. There are about 165 houses in Rajpura village.

Arwal
Arwal town is the administrative headquarters of Arwal district in Bihar state of India. It was earlier part of Jehanabad district. The district as formed to control the naxalism in the area. District was formed from the area of two near by districts i.e. Jehanabad and Aurangabad. Arwal has a population of 588,000. Arwal, the district headquarters is approximately 80 km south from the state capital Patna. Arwal town is situated on the right side bank of the Sone River, which is a tributary to the Ganges.
Christine Vogel
Christine Vogel is a German-American molecular biologist who is an associate professor at the New York University. Her research considers quantitative proteomics. She is particularly interested in protein expression patterns and how these are related to human disease.

Edward Marcotte
Edward Marcotte is a professor of biochemistry at The University of Texas at Austin, working in genetics, proteomics, and bioinformatics. Marcotte is an example of a computational biologist who also relies on experiments to validate bioinformatics-based predictions.
Beylagan (city)
39°46′32″N 47°37′07″E﻿ / ﻿39.77556°N 47.61861°E﻿ / 39.77556; 47.61861

Beylagan (Azerbaijani: Beyləqan (listen)ⓘ) is the administrative centre of the Beylagan District of Azerbaijan. During the Soviet era, it was renamed Zhdanovsk (Russian: Ждановск) after close Stalin associate Andrei Zhdanov. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the city reverted in 1991 to its original name. Beylagan is one of the oldest towns in Azerbaijan. It is located in the triangle between the Kura and Aras rivers in the Mil plain.

Vladimir Minorsky
Vladimir Fyodorovich Minorsky (Russian: Владимир Фёдорович Минорский; 5 February [O.S. 24 February] 1877 – 25 March 1966) was a White Russian academic, historian, and scholar of Oriental studies, best known for his contributions to the study of history of Iran and the Iranian peoples such as Persians, Lurs, and Kurds in addition to the Kartvelian Laz people.
Battle of Zliten
The Battle of Zliten followed an unsuccessful uprising in Zliten, Libya, during the Libyan Civil War. It began on 21 July 2011 when elements of the National Liberation Army, part of the anti-Gaddafi forces seeking to overthrow the government of Muammar Gaddafi, moved into the city of Zliten after struggling over the course of the past several months to extend the frontline westward from Misrata, the second-largest city in rebel hands.

Zliten
Zliten (Arabic: زليتن, romanized: Zlīten) It is a city in the Murqub District of Libya, with a predominantly Arab population of around 203,790 as of 2025. The city lies approximately 175 km east of Tripoli.
2020 U Sports football season
The 2020 U Sports football season was scheduled to feature the Canadian football competition under the auspices of U Sports as the highest level of competition for amateur football in Canada in 2020. However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada, U Sports cancelled the national championships, and the Atlantic University Sport, Canada West, and Ontario University Athletics conferences announced the complete cancellation of their schedules on June 8. The Réseau du sport étudiant du Québec conference waited to decide until September 14, when they also announced that all university sports were cancelled for the remainder of 2020.

Atlantic University Sport
Atlantic University Sport (AUS; French: Sport universitaire de l'Atlantique) is a regional membership association for universities in Atlantic Canada which assists in co-ordinating competition between their university level athletic programs and providing contact information, schedules, results, and releases about those programs and events to the public and the media.  This is similar to what would be called a college athletic conference in the United States. The AUS, which covers Canada east of the province of Quebec, is one of four such bodies that are members of the country's governing body for university athletics, U Sports. The other three regional associations coordinating university-level sports in Canada are Ontario University Athletics (OUA), the Canada West Universities Athletic Association (CW), and the Réseau du sport étudiant du Québec (RSEQ).
Paul Mactire
Paul Mactire, also known as Paul MacTyre, and Paul M'Tyre, was a 14th-century Scotsman who lived in the north of Scotland. He appears in several contemporary records, as well as in a 15th-century genealogy which records his supposed ancestry. He is known to have married a niece of the brother of the Earl of Ross. According to later tradition, he was a notorious robber, or freebooter in the north of Scotland; and, according to local tradition, he was the builder of a now ruinous fortress in Sutherland. He is said to be the ancestor of several Scottish families. According to some sources Paul Mactire's father was Leod Macgilleandrais.

Balnagown Castle
Balnagown Castle (also Balnagowan)(Ross Castle) is beside the village of Kildary in Easter Ross, part of the Highland area of Scotland.

There has been a castle on the site since the 14th century, although the present building was remodelled in the 18th and 19th centuries. It is the ancestral home of the Chiefs of Clan Ross, although from the 1970s onwards it was owned by Egyptian-born businessman Mohamed Al-Fayed.

It is protected as a category B listed building, and the grounds are included on the Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes in Scotland, the national listing of significant gardens.
Canudos State Park
The Canudos State Park (Portuguese: Parque Estadual de Canudos) is a state park in Bahia, Brazil.
It protects the area of the War of Canudos, where peasants of mixed blood were massacred by Republican soldiers in 1896–97.

State park (Brazil)
A state park (Portuguese: Parque Estadual) in Brazil is a legally defined type of protected area operated by one of the states.
Their goal is to preserve important or beautiful natural ecosystems.
Public access is allowed subject to regulations defined by the responsible agency.
Sebastian Seiler
Franz Sebastian Seiler (1810 – 4 December 1890) was a German, an associate of Wilhelm Weitling, a Swiss reformer. He was a journalist on the Rheinische Zeitung and a member of the Brussels Communist Correspondence Committee in 1846. Seiler was "a stenographer to the French National Assembly in 1848 and 1849." He joined the Communist League and took part in the 1848-1849 revolution in Germany. Following the suppression of that revolution, Seiler escaped to London, England in the 1850s. From 1859-1860 he was the editor of the Deutsche Zeitung, and he started a weekly paper in 1860, The New Orleans Journal. Seiler later worked for Negro suffrage.

Wilhelm Weitling
Wilhelm Christian Weitling (German: [ˈvaɪ̯tlɪŋ]; October 5, 1808 – January 25, 1871) was a German tailor, inventor, radical political activist and one of the first theorists of communism. Weitling gained fame in Europe as a social theorist before he immigrated to the United States.

In addition to his extensive political writing, Weitling was a successful inventor of attachments for commercial sewing machines, including devices for double-stitching and the creation of button holes.
Morgan Eckroth
Morgan Eckroth (born 18 September 1998), also known by their username MorganDrinksCoffee, is an American online content creator and barista. A resident of Portland, Oregon, Eckroth maintains a popular TikTok account and YouTube channel along with participating in barista competitions. After competing in nationals and qualifiers for the United States Barista Championship in 2019 and 2020 respectively, Eckroth became the United States Barista Champion in 2022, thereby qualifying to represent the US in the 2022 World Barista Championship (WBC). Eckroth placed second at the WBC, where they were sponsored by Onyx Coffee Lab, an Arkansas-based coffee roaster where Eckroth also serves as the content marketing specialist.

Barista
A barista (/bəˈriːstə, -ˈrɪs-/ bə-REE-stə, bə-RIST-ə, Italian: [baˈrista]; lit. 'bartender') is a person, usually a coffeehouse employee, who prepares and serves espresso-based coffee drinks and other beverages.
Ann Baskins
Ann O'Neil Baskins (born August 5, 1955 in Red Bluff, California, USA) is former General Counsel for Hewlett-Packard Company (HP). Baskins was linked to the HP pretexting scandal. On September 28, 2006, following public disclosure of the matter, Baskins resigned effective immediately, hours before she was to appear as a witness before the House Committee on Energy and Commerce at which she would later invoke the Fifth Amendment to "not be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime." Baskins was never charged by California or federal authorities.

She was a contestant on Tic Tac Dough in the Spring 1980 but lost to all-time Tic Tac Dough champion Thom McKee. Baskins was succeeded by Charles Charnas, a member of her team, who became HP Acting General Counsel. On February 8, 2007, HP CEO Mark Hurd appointed Michael Holston as HP Executive Vice President and General Counsel, effective February 22, 2007.

Mark Hurd
Mark Vincent Hurd (January 1, 1957 – October 18, 2019) was an American businessman who was CEO of Oracle Corporation. Prior to that, he was CEO of NCR Corporation until 2005, then served as chairman, chief executive officer and president of Hewlett-Packard until 2010. He also served on the board of directors of Globality and a member of the Technology CEO Council and board of directors of News Corporation until 2010.
GRID2
Glutamate receptor, ionotropic, delta 2, also known as GluD2, GluRδ2, or δ2, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GRID2 gene. This protein together with GluD1 belongs to the delta receptor subtype of ionotropic glutamate receptors. They possess 14–24% sequence homology with AMPA, kainate, and NMDA subunits, but, despite their name, have been found not to directly promote neuronal activation in response to glutamate or various other glutamate agonists.

delta iGluRs have long been considered orphan receptors as their endogenous ligand was unknown. They are now believed to bind glycine and D-serine but these do not result in channel opening.

Purkinje cell
Purkinje cells or Purkinje neurons, named for Czech physiologist Jan Evangelista Purkyně who identified them in 1837, are a unique type of prominent, large neuron located in the cerebellar cortex of the brain. With their flask-shaped cell bodies, many branching dendrites, and a single long axon, these cells are essential for controlling motor activity. Purkinje cells mainly release GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) neurotransmitter, which inhibits some neurons to reduce nerve impulse transmission. Purkinje cells efficiently control and coordinate the body's motor motions through these inhibitory actions.
Aker Maritime
Aker Maritime is a defunct Norwegian petroleum industry supply company. Listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange it was controlled by Aker RGI, owned by Kjell Inge Røkke. The company was created in 1996 when Aker's oil and gas division was merged with Maritime Group. In 2001 Kværner was bought by the Aker Group, and Kværner and Aker Maritime were merged to Aker Kværner (now Aker Solutions) in 2004.

Aker ASA
Aker ASA is a Norwegian industrial investment company with ownership interests concentrated in oil and gas, renewable energy and green technologies,  industrial software, seafood and marine biotechnology sectors. The company is listed on Oslo Stock Exchange. Aker's main shareholder is Kjell Inge Røkke, who owns 68.2% per cent of Aker through his company TRG Holding AS. The corporate headquarters are located in Fornebu, Norway. Aker was established in 1841 when Akers Mekaniske Verksted was founded in Oslo.
Diego de Almagro
Diego de Almagro (Spanish: [ˈdjeɣo ðe alˈmaɣɾo]; c. 1475 –  July 8, 1538), also known as El Adelantado and El Viejo, was a Spanish conquistador known for his exploits in western South America. He participated with Francisco Pizarro in the Spanish conquest of Peru. While subduing the Inca Empire he laid the foundation for Quito and Trujillo as Spanish cities in present-day Ecuador and Peru, respectively. From Peru, Almagro led the first Spanish military expedition to central Chile. Back in Peru, a longstanding conflict with Pizarro over the control of the former Inca capital of Cuzco erupted into a civil war between the two bands of conquistadores. In the battle of Las Salinas in 1538, Almagro was defeated by the Pizarro brothers and months later he was executed.

Atahualpa
Atawallpa (/ˌɑːtəˈwɑːlpə/ ⓘ), also Atahualpa or Ataw Wallpa (Classical Quechua: Ataw Wallpa, pronounced [ˈataw ˈwaʎpa]) (c. 1502 – 29 August 1533), whose regnal name was Caccha Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui Inca: 3  (from the caccha idol and to honour the emperor Pachacuti), was the last effective Inca emperor, reigning from April 1532 until his capture and execution in July of the following year, as part of the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire.
Old Cathedral of Coimbra
The Old Cathedral of Coimbra (Portuguese: Sé Velha de Coimbra) is a Romanesque Roman Catholic building in Portugal. Construction of the Sé Velha began some time after the Battle of Ourique (1139), when Prince Afonso Henriques declared himself King of Portugal and chose Coimbra as capital. The first Count of Coimbra, the Mozarab Sisnando Davides, is buried in the cathedral.

Afonso II of Portugal
Afonso II (Afonso Sanches; 23 April 1185 – 25 March 1223), also called Afonso the Fat (Afonso o Gordo) and Afonso the Leper (Afonso o Gafo), was King of Portugal from 1211 until 1223. Afonso was the third monarch of Portugal.

Afonso was the second but eldest surviving son of Sancho I of Portugal and Dulce of Aragon. Afonso succeeded his father on 27 March 1211.
Saattoq
Saattoq (old spelling: Sâtoq) is a former settlement in Avannaata municipality in northwestern Greenland. It was located in the north-central part of Upernavik Archipelago, in Tasiusaq Bay, straddling Saattorsuaq Island, and the nearby Saattoq skerry.

Tasiusaq Bay
Tasiusaq Bay (Danish: Vakkerprydsbugt) is a bay in the Upernavik Archipelago in the Avannaata municipality in northwestern Greenland. It is an indentation of northeastern Baffin Bay. The name of the bay derives from the name of the settlement of the same name in the bay.
Stanford with Orleton
Stanford with Orleton is a civil parish in the Malvern Hills district, in the county of Worcestershire, England. The parish comprises the villages of Stanford on Teme and Orleton. In 2011 it had a population of 160.

Malvern Hills District
Malvern Hills is a local government district in Worcestershire, England. Its council is based in Malvern, the district's largest town. The district also includes the towns of Tenbury Wells and Upton-upon-Severn and a large rural area covering much of the western side of the county, including numerous villages. The district is named after the Malvern Hills, which are a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

The neighbouring districts are Wyre Forest, Wychavon, Worcester, Tewkesbury, Forest of Dean, Herefordshire and Shropshire.  In the 2021 census the population of the Malvern Hills district was 79,973.

The current district was formed in 1998.  A previous Malvern Hills District, covering some of the same area, existed from 1974 to 1998, but had significantly different boundaries.
Ministry of Railways (Soviet Union)
The Ministry of Railways (Russian: Министерство путей сообщения (МПС) Российской империи/СССР/РФ or Народный комиссариат путей сообщения (НКПС), more correctly translated as Ministry/People's Commisariat of Transportation) oversaw Soviet Railways, which operated the railways of the Soviet Union. It was divided into 32 agencies, which among them had millions of employees. The ministry was responsible for centralized departments (such as electrification), which applied to all subsidiaries.

Before 1946 the ministry was known as the People's Commissariat of Communication Routes, although the term "Ministry of Railways" had been used by the pre-Soviet ministry (founded in 1865).

People's Commissariat
A People's Commissariat (Russian: народный комиссариат, romanized: narodnyy komissariat; narkomat) was a structure in the Soviet state from 1917–1946 which functioned as the central executive body in charge of managing a particular field of state activity or a separate sector of the national economy; analogue of the ministry. As a rule, a People's Commissariat was headed by a People's Commissar (Russian: народный комиссар; narkom), which was part of the government – the Council of People's Commissars of the appropriate level.

Commissariats were created as central organs of state administration when the Soviet Union was established in the territory of the former Russian Empire.

The number of People's Commissariats changed in accordance with the requirements of the current moment; overall it increased due to the separation of existing ones and the formation of new ones.
Athletics at the 1928 Summer Olympics – Men's discus throw
The men's discus throw event was part of the track and field athletics programme at the 1928 Summer Olympics. The competition was held on Wednesday, August 1, 1928. Thirty-four discus throwers from 19 nations competed. The maximum number of athletes per nation was 4. The event was won by Bud Houser, the second man to successfully defend Olympic gold in the discus throw (after Martin Sheridan). It was the fifth American victory in the event. As in 1924, silver went to Finland (this time by Antero Kivi) and bronze to the United States (James Corson).

Athletics at the 1928 Summer Olympics
At the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, 27 athletics events were contested. The competition was held on a 400-meter track and would become the standard for athletics tracks in the future. For the first time, women's events in athletics were included in the Olympic Games program.  There was a total of 706 participants from 40 countries competing.
Adaptations of Sherlock Holmes
The stories of Sherlock Holmes by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle have been very popular as adaptations for the stage, and later film, and still later television. The four volumes of the Universal Sherlock Holmes (1995) compiled by Ronald B. De Waal lists over 25,000 Holmes-related productions and products. They include the original writings, "together with the translations of these tales into sixty-three languages, plus Braille and shorthand, the writings about the Writings or higher criticism, writings about Sherlockians and their societies, memorials and memorabilia, games, puzzles and quizzes, phonograph records, audio and video tapes, compact discs, laser discs, ballets, films, musicals, operettas, oratorios, plays, radio and television programs, parodies and pastiches, children's books, cartoons, comics, and a multitude of other items — from advertisements to wine — that have accumulated throughout the world on the two most famous characters in literature."

Dr. Watson
Dr. John H. Watson is a fictional character in the Sherlock Holmes stories by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. Along with Sherlock Holmes, Dr. Watson first appeared in the novel A Study in Scarlet (1887). "The Adventure of Shoscombe Old Place" (1927) is the last work of Doyle featuring Watson and Holmes, although their last appearance in the canonical timeline is in "His Last Bow" (1917).

As Holmes's friend and confidant, Watson has appeared in various films, television series, video games, comics and radio programmes.