hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Carl Joseph Fast
Carl Joseph Fast (simplified Chinese: 发士; traditional Chinese: 發士; pinyin: Fāshì; (also written as 法士) Foochow Romanized: Huák-sê̤ṳ; October 8, 1822 – November 13, 1850) was the second Swedish missionary sent to China and the first Protestant missionary murdered in Fuzhou.

On January 1, 1850, Fast arrived in Foochow (today Fuzhou) as the missionary from the Lutheran Lund Missionary Society of Sweden, and was joined by Anders Elgqvist later that year. The mission they set up in China was short-lived. On November 13, 1850, the two missionaries were brutally assaulted by Chinese pirates when they were coming up the River Min after getting money from a ship. Armed with a pistol Elgqvist survived the attack, but Fast was killed on the spot.

Fast was buried in Fuzhou Nantai. An order was given by then-Fujian Governor Xu Jiyu (徐继畬) to capture the murderers within three days, and the case was finally settled on November 18, with three criminals brought to justice.

Bàng-uâ-cê
Bàng-uâ-cê (abbr. BUC; Chinese: 平話字) or Fuzhou romanization (福州話羅馬字), is a Latin alphabet for the Fuzhou dialect of Eastern Min adopted in the middle of the 19th century by Western missionaries. It had varied at different times, and became standardized in the 1890s. Bàng-uâ-cê was mainly used inside of church circles, and was taught in some mission schools in Fuzhou. However, unlike its counterpart Pe̍h-ōe-jī for Hokkien, even in its prime days Bàng-uâ-cê was by no means universally understood by Christians.
Tan Cheng Siong (architect)
Tan Cheng Siong (born 1937) is a Singaporean architect and urban designer.

Tan founded Archynamics Architects in 1967 and then Archurban Architects Planners in 1974. He was the architect behind Singapore's  high-rise housing project, the Pearl Bank Apartments, and also designed the one of country's first condominiums, Pandan Valley.

Tan has been an advisor to the Planning Committee of Shenzhen since 1986 and established its first branch office in Shenzhen, in 1994.

His notable achievements include receiving the sixth SIA Gold Medal and the President's Design Award in 2012.

Urban design
Urban design is an approach to the design of buildings and the spaces between them that focuses on specific design processes and outcomes based on geographical location. In addition to designing and shaping the physical features of towns, cities, and regional spaces, urban design considers 'bigger picture' issues of economic, social and environmental value and social design. The scope of a project can range from a local street or public space to an entire city and surrounding areas. Urban designers connect the fields of architecture, landscape architecture and urban planning to better organize local and community environments' dependent upon geographical location.

Some important focuses of urban design on this page include its historical impact, paradigm shifts, its interdisciplinary nature, and issues related to urban design.
Mawanella Electoral District
Mawanella electoral district was an electoral district of Sri Lanka between August 1947 and February 1989. The district was named after the town of Mawanella in Kegalle District, Sabaragamuwa Province. The 1978 Constitution of Sri Lanka introduced the proportional representation electoral system for electing members of Parliament. The existing 160 mainly single-member electoral districts were replaced with 22 multi-member electoral districts. Mawanella electoral district was replaced by the Kegalle multi-member electoral district at the 1989 general elections, the first under the proportional representation system.

Sabaragamuwa Province
The Sabaragamuwa Province (IPA: [səbəɾəɡəmuʋə], Sinhala: සබරගමුව පළාත, romanised: Sabaragamuwa Paḷāta, Tamil: சபரகமுவ மாகாணம், romanised: Sabaragamuva Mākāṇam) is one of the nine provinces of Sri Lanka. Ratnapura is the capital of the province.
Tuda of Lindisfarne
Tuda of Lindisfarne (died 664), also known as Saint Tuda, was appointed to succeed Colman as Bishop of Lindisfarne. He served for less than a year.  Although raised in Ireland, he was a staunch supporter of Roman practices, being tonsured in the Roman manner and celebrating Easter according to the Roman Computus. However, he was consecrated as bishop in Ireland.

Synod of Whitby
The Synod of Whitby was a Christian administrative gathering held in Northumbria in 664, wherein King Oswiu ruled that his kingdom would calculate Easter and observe the monastic tonsure according to the customs of Rome rather than the customs practised by Irish monks at Iona and its satellite institutions. The synod was summoned at Hilda's double monastery of Streonshalh (Streanæshalch), later called Whitby Abbey, in modern day Yorkshire.
Rosedale River
The Rosedale River is a river in the City of Kawartha Lakes in Central Ontario, Canada. It is in the Great Lakes Basin and is part of the Trent–Severn Waterway. The river is named after Rosa Dale, the wife of settler John Cameron, who first settled the area of nearby Fenelon Falls.

The river begins at the east side of Balsam Lake at the community of Rosedale. It flows east under Kawartha Lakes Road 35, then splits into two channels both heading to its mouth at the west side of Cameron Lake: a natural, winding, northern channel, and a southern cut canal, with lock 35 "Rosedale" of the Trent–Severn Waterway.

Kawartha Lakes Road 35
Kawartha Lakes Road 35, also known as Victoria Road and Fennel Road, is a municipally maintained road located in the city of Kawartha Lakes, in the Canadian province of Ontario. The road is mostly straight, running in a north–south orientation throughout its length. It began at the hamlet of Glenarm and travels 30.5 kilometres (19.0 mi) to Uphill.

The road was constructed in the 1850s as the Victoria Colonization Road in an effort to settle the southern fringe of the Canadian Shield. The northern half was designated as Secondary Highway 505 until 1998, when it became part of Kawartha Lakes Road 35.
Mohammad Javad Fathi
Mohammad Javad Fathi (Persian: محمدجواد فتحی) is an Iranian academic, lawyer and reformist politician who was a member of the Parliament of Iran representing Tehran, Rey, Shemiranat and Eslamshahr electoral district. He resigned on 25 June 2018, saying that he has no hope for change in the current system.

Islamic Consultative Assembly
The Islamic Consultative Assembly of Iran (Persian: مجلس شورای اسلامی ایران, romanized: Majles-e Shurâ-ye Eslâmi Iran), also called the Iranian Parliament, the Iranian Majles (Arabicised spelling Majlis) or ICA, is the unicameral national legislative body of Iran. The parliament currently consists of 290 representatives, an increase from the previous 270 seats since the 18 February 2000 election.
Luis Escobar Cerda
Luis Escobar Cerda (10 February 1927 – 24 August 2024) was a Chilean economist, academic, businessman, and consultant. He served as Minister of the Economy, Development and Reconstruction from 1961 to 1963 under President Jorge Alessandri, where he led the reconstruction of Valdivia following the city's destruction in the 1960 Valdivia earthquake. He later became Minister of Finance from 1984 until 1985 during the military dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet.

Cerda also served as the dean of the department of economics at the University of Chile from 1955 until 1964. He was a member of the Radical Party of Chile until 1970, when he left the party and became a political independent.

In an interview with the El Mercurio newspaper, his son, Luis Eduardo Escobar, stated that his father "always considered himself a social democrat, although his two positions were from right-wing governments [Alessandri and Pinochet]."

Escobar died in Santiago on 24 August 2024, at the age of 97.

Ministry of Finance (Chile)
The Ministry of Finance of Chile (Spanish: Ministerio de Hacienda) is the cabinet-level administrative office in charge of managing the financial affairs, fiscal policy, and capital markets of Chile; planning, directing, coordinating, executing, controlling and informing all financial policies formulated by the President of Chile.

Since March 2022, the Minister of Finance is Nicolás Grau.
Widefield ASKAP L-Band Legacy All-Sky Blind Survey
The Widefield ASKAP L-band Legacy All-sky Blind surveY (WALLABY) is a next-generation survey of the 21 cm radio emission from neutral hydrogen (HI) in the Local Universe. It is hosted by the Australian Square Kilometer Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) telescope, WALLABY will survey three-quarters of the sky over a Declination range −90° to +30°  to a redshift of 0.26. It will have an angular resolution of 30 arcsec and a sensitivity of 1.6 mJy/beam in each 4 km/s channel. WALLABY is expected to detect about 500,000 galaxies with a mean redshift of 0.05, at a mean distance of about  200 Mpc. The scientific goals of WALLABY include:

a census of gas-rich galaxies in the vicinity of the Local Group;

a study of the HI properties of galaxies, groups and clusters, including the influence of the environment on galaxy evolution;

Declination
In astronomy, declination (abbreviated dec; symbol δ) is one of the two angles that locate a point on the celestial sphere in the equatorial coordinate system, the other being hour angle. The declination angle is measured north (positive) or south (negative) of the celestial equator, along the hour circle passing through the point in question.

The root of the word declination (Latin, declinatio) means "a bending away" or "a bending down". It comes from the same root as the words incline ("bend forward") and recline ("bend backward").

In some 18th and 19th century astronomical texts, declination is given as North Pole Distance (N.P.D.), which is equivalent to 90 – (declination). For instance an object marked as declination −5 would have an N.P.D. of 95, and a declination of −90 (the south celestial pole) would have an N.P.D. of 180.
Ramayya Vasthavayya (soundtrack)
Ramayya Vasthavayya is the soundtrack to the 2013 Telugu romantic-action film of the same name, directed by Harish Shankar and starring N. T. Rama Rao Jr., Samantha Ruth Prabhu and Shruti Haasan. The soundtrack album originally includes six tracks composed by S. Thaman and was released on 21 September 2013. The release coincided with a promotional event held at Hotel Marriott in Hyderabad, India. The album was officially released by Aditya Music, one of the prominent music companies in South India. The audio went on to receive positive response from reviewers and audience alike thanks to the promos released.

Marriott International
Marriott International, Inc. is an American multinational company that operates, franchises, and licenses lodging brands that include hotel, residential, and timeshare properties. The company owns over 37 hotel and timeshare brands, with 9,000 locations and 1,597,380 rooms across its network (as of 2023). Headquartered in Bethesda, Maryland, the company is the successor to the hospitality division of the Marriott Corporation, which was founded by J. Willard Marriott (1900–1985) and his wife Alice Marriott (1907–2000).
Han Sanming
Han Sanming (Chinese: 韩三明; born 1971) is a Chinese actor and coal miner, known for his roles in films directed by his cousin Jia Zhangke. Initially, he was seen only in small roles or cameos, but was then cast in one of the lead roles, as a coal miner looking for his wife and daughter, in Still Life.  The film premiered at the 2006 Venice Film Festival and went on to win a Golden Lion award.

Of note, his characters are also named "Han Sanming" in the films.

Golden Lion
The Golden Lion (Italian: Leone d'oro) is the highest prize given to a film at the Venice Film Festival. The prize was introduced in 1949 by the organizing committee and is widely regarded as one of the film industry's most prestigious and distinguished prizes. In 1970, the Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement was introduced, an honorary prize for people who have made an important contribution to cinema.

The prize was introduced in 1949 as the Golden Lion of Saint Mark, which was one of the best known symbols of the ancient Republic of Venice. In 1954, the prize was permanently named the Golden Lion.
Way On Cemetery
Way On Cemetery is a burial place in Panama City for the country's Chinese community, many of whose ancestors immigrated during the construction of the Panama Railroad in the mid-nineteenth century. The plot was purchased in 1882 by the Sociedad Way On and designed in accordance with feng shui and numerology traditions. Construction began the next year, and the first interment was in 1911. In 1942, due to a shortage of burial places in the city, half of the property was forcibly leased by the government, but it was returned to the Chinese community in 2002. Today, traditional Tomb Sweeping ceremonies are held annually and funeral ceremonies are performed regularly.

Despite its stone wall enclosures and towering entrance gate, Way On has suffered from vandalism in recent years, and faces ongoing threats due to development pressures and lack of site maintenance. The site was included on the 2012 World Monuments Watch and is classified as "Rescue Needed" by Global Heritage Network.

2012 World Monuments Watch
The World Monuments Watch is a flagship advocacy program of the New York-based private non-profit organization World Monuments Fund (WMF) that calls international attention to cultural heritage around the world that is threatened by neglect, vandalism, conflict, or disaster.
Market Square Records
Market Square Records was a music promotion and record label company, which operated between 1999 and 2020 based in Buckingham, England.  It released the back catalogues of British folk artists and expanded into other genres such as rock, blues and jazz, the latter on its Dusk Fire Records label, which it launched in 2004.

Artists associated with these two labels include Neil Ardley, Steve Ashley, Kevin Ayers, Kuljit Bhamra, Michael Chapman, Rod Clements, Design, Donovan, Ollie Halsall, Jack The Lad, Bert Jansch, Sonja Kristina, Linda Lewis,  Lindisfarne, Eleanor McEvoy, New Jazz Orchestra, Nirvana, Howard Riley, Steve Tilston, Pierre Tubbs, Peter Ulrich and Norma Winstone.

Design (band)
Design was a British vocal group of the early 1970s and its members were Barry Alexander, Gabrielle Field, Kathy Manuell, Jeff Matthews, John Mulcahy-Morgan and Geoff Ramseyer. Their musical style has been described as folk rock 'with intricate and appealing harmonies and an interesting psychedelic twist' and 'sunshine harmony pop with a light hippy vibe' and is now called sunshine pop. Design released 13 singles and 5 albums in the UK and appeared on more than 50 television shows before they split up in 1976.

Barry Alexander, Jeff Matthews and Geoff Ramseyer all played guitar in addition to singing, while Barry also played keyboards.  Gabrielle Field occasionally played tenor recorder.
Jubilee Bridge, Singapore
1°17′17″N 103°51′16″E﻿ / ﻿1.2880°N 103.8544°E﻿ / 1.2880; 103.8544

Jubilee Bridge is a pedestrian bridge spanning the Singapore River, connecting Merlion Park and The Esplanade. The construction of the bridge was suggested by then Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew. It was opened ahead of schedule due to his death.

Esplanade, Singapore
The Esplanade is a waterfront location just north of the mouth of the Singapore River in downtown Singapore. It is primarily occupied by the Esplanade Park, and was the venue for one of Singapore's largest congregation of satay outlets until their relocation to Clarke Quay as a result of the construction of a major performance arts venue, the Esplanade - Theatres on the Bay, which took its name from this location.

Apart from the shows, Singaporeans usually visit the Esplanade for its scenic outdoor view. It overlooks the Singapore river and is in between the Singapore Flyer and Merlion park, making for a good stroll around the vicinity. River ferries stops have been added recently, enhancing its accessibility.
Dete
Dete (previously known as Dett) is a small railway re-crewing depot and a developing town on the Bulawayo-Hwange-Victoria Falls railway line in Zimbabwe, approximately 300 km (190 mi) north-west of Bulawayo and 67 km (42 mi) south-east of Hwange, lying within the Hwange National Park.

Victoria Falls
Victoria Falls (Lozi: Mosi-oa-Tunya, "Thundering Smoke/Smoke that Rises"; Tonga: Shungu Namutitima, "Boiling Water") is a waterfall on the Zambezi River, located on the border between Zambia and Zimbabwe. It is one of the world's largest waterfalls, with a width of 1,708 m (5,604 ft). The region around it has a high degree of biodiversity in both plants and animals.

Archaeology and oral history describe a long record of African knowledge of the site. Although known to some European geographers before the 19th century, Scottish missionary David Livingstone identified the falls in 1855, naming them Victoria Falls after Queen Victoria. Since the mid-20th century, the site has been a major tourist destination. Zambia and Zimbabwe both have national parks and tourism infrastructure at the site. Research in the late 2010s found that precipitation variability due to climate change is likely to alter the character of the falls.
Star Awards 2024
The 29th installment of Star Awards, Star Awards 2024 (Chinese: 红星大奖2024), honoured the best in Singaporean prime time television programming in 2023, as chosen by both the television and radio industries of Singapore. The nominations were announced on 22 February 2024, and was presented on 21 April 2024 through multiple channels including streaming websites mewatch and YouTube, which also provided exclusive backstage commentary 3:30 PM to 10:30 PM.

Alongside professional and popularity awards, the ceremony featured stars from Singapore and abroad. Ann Kok and Jesseca Liu, having won their tenth Top 10 Favourite Female Artiste in 2023, were conferred with the All-Time Favourite Artiste Award at this ceremony, while Pornsak and Yvonne Lim, who were not nominated for the Top 10 Favourite Artiste in 2023, won their tenth Top 10 Favourite Artiste at this ceremony.

Yvonne Lim
Yvonne Lim (born 28 September 1976) is a Singaporean actress.

Best known for starring in many Chinese-language television dramas in Singapore, Taiwan and mainland China, Yvonne is one of the few actresses to have won both the Best Actress and the Best Supporting Actress awards at Singapore's Star Awards.
Campbell baronets of Auchinbreck (1628)
The Campbell baronetcy, of Auchinbreck in the County of Argyll, was created in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia on 24 January 1628 for Sir Dugald Campbell. He was a descendant of Duncan Campbell of Kilmichael, younger son of Duncan Campbell, 1st Lord Campbell, ancestor of the Dukes of Argyll. The fifth Baronet was one of the Scottish representatives to the 1st Parliament of Great Britain.

Scottish representatives to the first Parliament of Great Britain
The Scottish representatives to the first Parliament of Great Britain, serving from 1 May 1707 to 26 May 1708, were not elected like their colleagues from England and Wales, but rather hand-picked.

The forty five men sent to London in 1707, to the House of Commons of the 1st Parliament of Great Britain, were co-opted from the Commissioners of the newly adjourned Parliament of Scotland (see List of constituencies in the Parliament of Scotland at the time of the Union).
2017 German Football League
The 2017 German Football League season was the 39th edition of the top-level American football competition in Germany and 18th since the renaming of the American Football Bundesliga to German Football league.

The regular season started on 22 April and finished on 3 September 2017, followed by the play-offs. The season culminated in the German Bowl XXXIX, held on 7 October 2017 in Berlin.

German Football League
The German Football League (GFL) is a professional American football league in Germany. The league was formed in 1979. In 1999, the league changed to its current name from American-Football-Bundesliga. Rules are based on American NCAA rules.

In terms of attendance figures, cumulative salaries paid by teams, performance in international exhibition games and competitions and ability to draw foreign talent, the GFL is generally considered the most competitive national league in Europe.
Virginia (play)
Virginia is a 1754 tragedy by the British writer Samuel Crisp. The play is set in Ancient Rome, and portrays the story of Appius and Virginia.

It premiered at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane with a cast that included David Garrick as Virginius, David Ross as Iclius, Henry Mossop as Appius, Thomas Davies as Claudius, Thomas Mozeen as Rufus, Susannah Maria Cibber as Virginia, Elizabeth Bennett as Plautia and Mary Ann Yates as Marcia.

Appius Claudius Crassus Inregillensis Sabinus
Appius Claudius Crassus Inregillensis (or Crassinus Regillensis) Sabinus (fl. c. 471–451 BC) was a Roman senator during the early Republic, most notable as the leading member of the ten-man board (the Decemvirate) which drew up the Twelve Tables of Roman law around 451 BC. He is also probably identical with the Appius Claudius who was consul in 471 BC.

As consul in 471, Claudius is portrayed in Roman historical tradition as a violent opponent of the plebeians in matters of voting rights and military discipline. Later, as decemvir, Claudius is said to have behaved as a lustful tyrant, with his attempt to force himself on the maid Verginia resulting in the second secession of the plebs, the downfall of the Decemvirate, and Claudius's own death. These accounts are unreliable and probably ahistorical, fabricated in later times to portray the patrician clan of the Claudii as proud and arrogant aristocrats.
Drina (cigarette)
Drina is a Bosnian brand of cigarettes, currently owned and manufactured by the Sarajevo Tobacco Factory. The brand is named after the Drina river, which forms a part of the international border between Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Drina
The Drina (Serbian Cyrillic: Дрина, pronounced [drǐːna]) is a 346 km (215 mi) long river in the Balkans, which forms a large portion of the border between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia. It is the longest tributary of the Sava River and the longest karst river in the Dinaric Alps which belongs to the Danube River drainage basin.

The Drina originates from the confluence of the rivers Tara and Piva, in the glen between the slopes of the Maglić, Hum and Pivska Planina mountains, between the villages of Šćepan Polje, Montenegro and Hum, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Sphaenorhynchus pauloalvini
Sphaenorhynchus pauloalvini, or Paulo's lime treefrog, is a species of frog in the family Hylidae. It is endemic to eastern Brazil and is known from two locations in Bahia, Itabuna (its type locality) and Una.

Hylidae
Hylidae is a wide-ranging family of frogs commonly referred to as "tree frogs and their allies". However, the hylids include a diversity of frog species, many of which do not live in trees, but are terrestrial or semiaquatic.
My Life Among the Serial Killers
My Life Among the Serial Killers: Inside the Minds of the World's Most Notorious Murderers is a book written by Helen Morrison and Harold Goldberg. It presents the cases of ten serial killers, and touches on many more. Morrison spent hundreds of hours in face-to-face interviews, over many years, with several of the subjects. She uses the individual stories to explain and put forth her ideas on what makes a serial killer. The book has received criticism for being factually inaccurate on several topics.

Ed Gein
Edward Theodore Gein (/ɡiːn/; August 27, 1906 – July 26, 1984), also known as the Butcher of Plainfield and the Plainfield Ghoul, was an American murderer and body snatcher. His crimes, committed around his hometown of Plainfield, Wisconsin, gathered widespread notoriety in 1957 after authorities discovered that he stole corpses from local graveyards and fashioned keepsakes from their bones and skin. He also confessed to killing two women: tavern owner Mary Hogan in 1954 and hardware store owner Bernice Worden in 1957.

Gein was initially found unfit to stand trial and confined to a mental health facility. By 1968 he was judged competent to stand trial. He was found guilty of the murder of Worden, but was found legally insane and thus was remanded to a psychiatric institution.