hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wilfredo Chiesa
Wilfredo Chiesa (born 1952) is a Puerto Rican artist.

Chiesa was born in San Juan, Puerto Rico in 1952. He studied at the Escuela de Artes Plásticas y Diseño de Puerto Rico, where he received a BFA in Painting in 1972. In the late 1970s he moved to Massachusetts; in 1979, he became a professor at University of Massachusetts Boston.

University of Massachusetts Boston
The University of Massachusetts Boston (UMass Boston) is a public university in Boston, Massachusetts, United States.

The university is a member of the Coalition of Urban Serving Universities and the Coalition of Urban and Metropolitan Universities. It is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research spending and doctorate production". It is the only public research university in Boston and the third-largest campus in the five-campus University of Massachusetts system.
Rumyana Glacier
Rumyana Glacier (Bulgarian: ледник Румяна, romanized: lednik Rumyana, IPA: [ˈlɛdnik roˈmʲanɐ]) is the 6 nautical miles (11 km; 6.9 mi) long and 2 nautical miles (3.7 km; 2.3 mi) wide glacier on the east side of north-central Sentinel Range in Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica, situated northwest of Patton Glacier and southeast of Delyo Glacier.  It drains the east slopes of Mount Giovinetto and the north slopes of Evans Peak, and flows northeastwards to join Ellen Glacier northwest of Mount Jumper.

The glacier is named after the Bulgarian woman rebel leader Rumyana Voyvoda (19th century).

Rebellion
Rebellion is an uprising that resists and is organized against one's government. A rebel is a person who engages in a rebellion. A rebel group is a consciously coordinated group that seeks to gain political control over an entire state or a portion of a state. A rebellion is often caused by political, religious, or social grievances that originate from a perceived inequality or marginalization. Rebellion comes from Latin re and bellum, and in Lockian philosophy refers to the responsibility of the people to overthrow unjust government.
Paderborn Plateau
The  Paderborn Plateau (German: Paderborner Hochfläche) in central Germany is, geologically speaking, the southeastern element of the Westphalian Bight and, at the same time, the largest limestone and karst landscape in Westphalia.

In the west the Alme valley forms the boundary with the Hellweg region including the Haarstrang and Hellweg Börde; to the north the plateau is bordered by the Lippe depression, the Senne and the Teutoburg Forest. Its eastern limit is the Eggegebirge. To the south are the Sauerland and the Waldeck Upland.

The Paderborn Plateau is divided into four landscape regions: The Sintfeld in the south, the Brenken Plateau in the west, the Bockfeld in the north and the Lichtenau Plateau (Soratfeld) in the east.

Alme (river)
The Alme (German pronunciation: [ˈalmə] ⓘ) is a 59-kilometre (37 mi) long river in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is a left tributary of the Lippe, into which it flows near Paderborn. The Alme defines the Alme Valley and flows through the towns Büren, Borchen and Paderborn.
Kenzhebek Ukin
Kenzhebek Ukiuly Ukin (Kazakh: Кенжебек Үкіұлы Үкин; 26 July 1940 – October 2024) was a Kazakh schoolteacher and politician. A member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, he served in the Supreme Soviet of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic/Supreme Council of Kazakhstan from 1985 to 1993 and was head of the Kostanay Region from 1992 to 1993.

Ukin died in October 2024, at the age of 84.

Kostanay Region
Kostanay Region (Kazakh: Қостанай облысы, romanized: Qostanai oblysy) is a region of Kazakhstan. Its administrative center is the city of Kostanay.  The population of the region is 835,686.  The population living in Kostanay is 207,000, which is equivalent to 23% of the region.
Tumen, Sikkim
Tumen, also known as Tumin, is a census village in East Sikkim district, Sikkim, India. The village is located 32 km from Gangtok.

According to the 2011 Census of India, Tumen village has a total population of 2,974 people including 1,522 males and 1,452 females. The literacy rate per the census of the village is 62.10%.

Gangtok district
Gangtok district is an administrative district of the Indian state of Sikkim. It was renamed in 2021 as a result of administrative reorganisation of the state, which also saw three subdivisions of the East Sikkim district spawned off as a separate Pakyong district.

The headquarters of the Gangtok district is Gangtok, which is also the state capital. Gangtok is the hub of all administrative activity in the state. The district is bounded by the Pakyong district in the south and southeast, Bhutan in the east, the People's Republic of China in the northeast, Mangan District in the north and Namchi District in the west.

The civilian region is administered by a district collector, appointed by the state government. A major general is assigned to administer military forces in the district. As of 2011 it is the most populous of the six districts of Sikkim.
Souljahz
Souljahz was a Christian hip hop group, consisting of siblings Joshua, Jekob, and Rachael Washington, all from San Diego. Early on in their career they appeared on the pilot show for MTV's "It's your Show" and in 2002 they released their debut album, The Fault is History. The album received critical praise for its mature, in-depth lyrics and songwriting. The Souljahz have been nominated for 5 Dove Awards and have won two of them. Joshua left the project  and the two remaining members decided to change the name to The Washington Projects. Their album, Commanders of The Resistance, was released on November 10, 2007. They have also performed at the USO Tour 2006 and released a song for U.S. troops called "Get Y'all Back Home".  Their album, Light Up the Dark, was released in 2009. Their latest album, entitled Space Time Continuum, was released in 2012.

GMA Dove Award
A Dove Award is an accolade by the Gospel Music Association (GMA) of the United States to recognize outstanding achievement in the Christian music industry. The awards ceremonies presented annually and have been held in Nashville, Tennessee except in 2011 and 2012 when they were held in Atlanta, Georgia. The ceremonies feature live musical performances and are broadcast on TBN.

The awards were established in 1969 and represent a variety of musical styles including rock, pop, hip hop, country, and urban.
Prince Constantin of Liechtenstein
Prince Constantin of Liechtenstein (Constantin Ferdinand Maria; 15 March 1972 – 5 December 2023), known professionally as Constantin Liechtenstein, was a businessman and a member of the Princely House of Liechtenstein. He was the third son of Prince Hans-Adam II and his wife, Countess Marie Kinsky of Wchinitz and Tettau. Constantin was the chief executive officer of the LGT Group from 2020 to 2023.

Prince of Liechtenstein Foundation
The Prince of Liechtenstein Foundation (German: Stiftung Fürst Liechtenstein) is a portfolio of private companies, museums, and art collections owned by the Princely Family of Liechtenstein. It is essentially a cap for a multitude of investments, such as the LGT Group, the Hofkellerei wineries, Wilfersdorf Agricultural and Forest Company, RiceTec, and real estate holdings in Vienna, Austria. As of 2012, there were 15 companies and 2 museums owned by the Foundation.

In late 2009, rumors speculated that the foundation was attempting to purchase rights to Vaduz FC. However, this has never been confirmed or denied, as of late 2012. The Foundation also plays national heritage and political roles, opening up a Liechtenstein culture museum, selling the political books that support the princely family, and funding right-leaning politicians.
1900 Missouri lieutenant gubernatorial election
The 1900 Missouri lieutenant gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1900, in order to elect the lieutenant governor of Missouri. Democratic nominee John Adams Lee defeated Republican nominee Ethelbert F. Allen, Social Democratic nominee Leon Greenbaum, Prohibition nominee Simpson Ely, People's Progressive nominee Abram Neff and Socialist Labor nominee J. F. Graber.

Social Democratic Party of America
The Social Democratic Party of America (SDP) was a short-lived political party in the United States established in 1898.

The group was formed out of elements of the Social Democracy of America (SDA) and was a predecessor to the Socialist Party of America which was established in 1901.
1971 NFL draft
The 1971 NFL draft was held January 28–29, 1971, at the Belmont Plaza Hotel in New York City, New York.  The Boston Patriots, who did not officially change their name to New England Patriots until after the draft, used the first overall pick to select quarterback Jim Plunkett, the Heisman Trophy winner. It was the first draft where the first three selections were quarterbacks (Plunkett, Archie Manning, and Dan Pastorini).

During round 17, after Falcons coach Norm Van Brocklin had yelled to his staff "Do we want the roughest, toughest s.o.b. in the draft?!", the team drafted the then-64-year-old actor John Wayne, though saying he was from "Fort Apache State" (Wayne actually played football at USC); NFL Commissioner Pete Rozelle rejected the selection.

Commissioner of the NFL
The commissioner of the National Football League is the chief executive officer of the National Football League (NFL). The position was created in 1941. The current commissioner is Roger Goodell, who assumed office on September 1, 2006. Since the death of Paul Tagliabue on November 9, 2025, Goodell is the only living NFL commissioner.

Until 1941, the NFL's chief executive was the league president. On January 17, 1941, the NFL franchise owners amended the league's constitution to change the chief executive's title from "president" to "commissioner".
John Abbott House
The John Abbott House is a historic house located on King Street in Abbottstown, Adams County, Pennsylvania, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on February 22, 1980.

Adams County, Pennsylvania
Adams County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 103,852. Its county seat is Gettysburg. The county was created on January 22, 1800, from part of York County, and was named for John Adams, the second President of the United States.

Between July 1 and July 3, 1863, the Battle of Gettysburg, the bloodiest and most significant battle of the American Civil War, was fought near Gettysburg. As a result, Adams County is a center for Civil War-related tourism.  Adams County comprises the Gettysburg metropolitan statistical area, which is also included in the Harrisburg–York–Lebanon combined statistical area. The county is part of the South Central region of the commonwealth.
Krasnyi Yar (Kazakhstan)
Krasnyi Yar is an eneolithic site of the Botai culture in Kazakhstan. This large site is significant for the early use of horses there. Horse meat was eaten, but horses were also kept as livestock.
Evidence from the presence of curved rows of postholes (indicative of fencing) and nitrogen and phosphates in the enclosed areas indicate a corral. The only livestock bones found at the site were from horses, so the inference by the researchers is that horses were held in corrals at the site.

Horse-bone tools indicate leather production, suggesting horse tack.

Botai sites have been found to have mare's milk residue in vessels and to have horses with tooth-wear interpreted as having been caused by using a bit for riding or traction.

Horse tack
Tack is equipment or accessories equipped on horses and other equines in the course of their use as domesticated animals. This equipment includes such items as saddles, stirrups, bridles, halters, reins, bits, and harnesses. Equipping a horse is often referred to as tacking up, and involves putting the tack equipment on the horse. A room to store such equipment, usually near or in a stable, is a tack room. A craftsman who makes horse tack is a saddler and the trade is saddlery.

In English, the word "tack" is an uncountable noun with no plural form.
Gnathophis castlei
Gnathophis castlei, or Castle's conger, is an eel in the family Congridae (conger/garden eels). It was described by Emma Stanislavovna Karmovskaya and John Richard Paxton in 2000. It is a marine, deep water-dwelling eel which is known from Queensland, Australia, in the western central Pacific Ocean. It dwells at a depth range of 131–366 metres. Males can reach a total length of 34.2 centimetres.

John Paxton (ichthyologist)
John Richard Paxton (16 January 1938 – 29 October 2023) was a United States-born Australian ichthyologist, who spent most of his career at the Australian Museum. He has a particular research interest in lanternfishes (family Myctophidae) and other deep-sea fishes. Paxton is a founding member of the Australian Society for Fish Biology and received the society's K. Radway Allen Award in 1997.
Banjšice
Banjšice (pronounced [ˈbaːnʃitsɛ]; Italian: Bainsizza or Bainsizza Santo Spirito) is a settlement in western Slovenia in the Municipality of Nova Gorica. It has a population of 264. It is located on the high Banjšice Plateau, overlooking the Soča Valley. It is made up of several hamlets, including Breg, Lohke, Ošlakarji, Mrcinje, Trušnje, Podlešče, Raven, Kuščarji, and Krvavec.

The parish church in the settlement is dedicated to the Holy Spirit and belongs to the Diocese of Koper.

Urban Municipality of Nova Gorica
The Urban Municipality of Nova Gorica (pronounced [ˈnɔ̀ːʋa ɡɔˈɾìːtsa] ⓘ; Slovene: Mestna občina Nova Gorica) is a municipality in the traditional region of the Slovene Littoral in western Slovenia. The seat of the municipality is the city of Nova Gorica. Nova Gorica became a municipality in 1994. It borders Italy.
Farley family
The Farley family pioneered news media in provincial England. In the 18th century, Samuel Farley I's Exeter Post Man emerged as the first weekly newspaper in Exeter, and as one of the first newspapers in provincial England, and in 1729, Edward Farley II was made a veritable martyr for press freedom when he died in gaol prior to his scheduled release on account of being pardoned for defying the British government's ban on Jacobite literature, and in 1731, Samuel Farley I won a case against the British government's attempted censorship, and the British government ceased intervention in provincial newspapers until 1736. In 1757, Elizabeth Farley was the first British journalist to be prosecuted for libel, and she defeated the prosecution.

Philip Yorke, 1st Earl of Hardwicke
Philip Yorke, 1st Earl of Hardwicke, PC (1 December 1690 – 6 March 1764) was an English lawyer and politician who served as Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain. He was a close confidant of the Duke of Newcastle, Prime Minister between 1754 and 1756 and 1757 until 1762.
Fuzzy Anderson
Frederick Edmund "Fuzzy" Anderson (born 29 August 1929) is an Irish former international rugby union player.

Born in Belfast, Anderson was a forward who could play a variety of positions.

Anderson played his club rugby with Coleraine, Queen's University and North of Ireland.

Capped 13 times by Ireland, Anderson debuted in their 1953 Five Nations campaign and featured against the touring All Blacks in 1954. He was selected on the 1955 British Lions tour to South Africa, but had to withdraw due to a health condition, which also brought about his retirement.

Anderson immigrated to Australia.

In 2019, Anderson was named in the Queen's University Greatest XV.

1953 Five Nations Championship
The 1953 Five Nations Championship was the twenty-fourth series of the rugby union Five Nations Championship. Including the previous incarnations as the Home Nations and Five Nations, this was the fifty-ninth series of the northern hemisphere rugby union championship. Ten matches were played between 10 January and 28 March. It was contested by England, France, Ireland, Scotland and Wales. England won its 14th title.
DiFilm
The DiFilm Archive (Spanish : Archivo DiFilm) is a private film archive founded by Roberto Di Chiara in 1949. It is dedicated to the preservation and restoration of 35 mm and 16 mm films, and also houses photos, magazines, and sound recordings. The main storage facilities are located in Florencio Varela, Buenos Aires.

It is the largest image bank in South America, and is also the most diverse private archive on the planet and the fourth most abundant (in general terms), only surpassed by the Library of Congress, and the archives of Germany and France. It holds seven million hours of film.

German Federal Archives
The German Federal Archives or Bundesarchiv (BArch) (German: Bundesarchiv, lit. "Federal Archive") are the national archives of Germany. They were established at the current location in Koblenz in 1952.

They are subordinated to the Federal Commissioner for Culture and the Media (Wolfram Weimer since 2025) under the German Chancellery, and before 1998, to the Federal Ministry of the Interior.

On 6 December 2008, the Archives donated 100,000 photos to the public, by making them accessible via Wikimedia Commons.
L'Expression de Mamy-Wata
L'Expression de Mamy-Wata, often referred to as simply Mamy-Wata, is a weekly satirical newspaper published in Cameroon by the media company La Nouvelle Expression. The paper is written in French peppered with loan words from Cameroonian Pidgin English. In 1999, it had a weekly circulation of 4,000 copies.

On 4 January 1999, Cameroonian Police confiscated 2,000 to 2,500 copies of Mamy-Wata in Douala. La Nouvelle Expression reported that the papers were taken in response to a cartoon in the 29 December issue that depicted Cameroon's president, Paul Biya, in a spat with his wife. Reports differ on whether the police ever provided an official justification for the seizure; the Committee to Protect Journalists reported that none was provided, but the International Press Institute reported that authorities claimed the newspapers were a "breach of public order".  Scholar George Echu has claimed that the incident added Mamy-Wata to "the pantheon of Africa's satirical heavyweights."

Print circulation
Print circulation is the average number of copies of a publication. The number of copies of a non-periodical publication (such as a book) are usually called print run. Circulation is not always the same as copies sold, often called paid circulation, since some issues are distributed without cost to the reader. Readership figures are usually higher than circulation figures because of the assumption that a typical copy is read by more than one person.
High, Just-as-High, and Third
Hár [ˈhɑːrː], Jafnhár [ˈjɑvnˌhɑːrː], and Þriði [ˈθriðe] (anglicized as Thridi) are three men on thrones who appear in the Prose Edda in the Gylfaginning ("The Beguiling of Gylfi"), one of the oldest and most important sources on Norse mythology.  Their names translate as High, Just-as-High, and Third in Old Norse, respectively.  In the story, King Gylfi, calling himself Gangleri, engages in a test of wisdom with the three, asking them detailed questions about the Æsir, their deeds, and their future.  The three respond until the final segment, in which the three men and the great hall suddenly disappear.

While the Gylfaginning never says so directly, some scholars believe the intent is that all three are manifestations of Odin, and thus would be able to answer Gangleri's questions in such detail, including ones on the eventual fate of the Æsir.

Proto-Norse language
Proto-Norse, or Ancient Nordic, was an Indo-European language spoken in Scandinavia that is thought to have evolved as a northern dialect of Proto-Germanic in the first centuries CE. It is the earliest stage of a characteristically North Germanic language, and the language attested in the oldest Scandinavian Elder Futhark inscriptions, spoken from around the 2nd to the 8th centuries CE (corresponding to the late Roman Iron Age and the Germanic Iron Age). It evolved into the dialects of Old Norse at the beginning of the Viking Age around 800 CE, which later themselves evolved into the modern North Germanic languages (Faroese, Icelandic, the Continental Scandinavian languages, and their dialects).
Esslingen University of Applied Sciences
Esslingen University of Applied Sciences or Hochschule Esslingen is a public University of Applied Sciences in Esslingen am Neckar, Germany. It has 11 faculties, 25 bachelor's programmes and 12 master's programmes. The focus of Esslingen University of Applied Sciences is on engineering, management, social sciences, as well as health care and nursing sciences.

Esslingen is ranked among the top Universities of Applied Sciences in Germany, and has strong programmes in the areas of Business Administration, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, IT and Engineering with Business Studies. The university cooperates closely with the local economy and has partnerships with well-established companies such as Daimler, Porsche, Bosch, Festo, Eberspächer which have major operations in the vicinity.

Bosch (company)
Robert Bosch GmbH (/bɒʃ/; German: [bɔʃ] ⓘ), commonly known as Bosch (styled BOSCH), is a German multinational engineering and technology company headquartered in Gerlingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. The company was founded by Robert Bosch in Stuttgart in 1886. Bosch is 94% owned by the Robert Bosch Stiftung, a charitable institution. Although the charity is funded by owning the vast majority of shares, it has no voting rights and is involved in health and social causes unrelated to Bosch's business.

Bosch's core operating areas are spread across four business sectors: mobility (hardware and software), consumer goods (including household appliances and power tools), industrial technology (including drive and control), and energy and building technology.

In terms of revenue, Bosch is the largest automotive supplier. From 2025 onwards, Bosch faced massive economic problems in the automotive sector, because global sales of German cars are declining.
2017 IAAF World U18 Championships
The 2017 IAAF World U18 Championships was the tenth and last edition of the biennial international athletics competition for youth (under-18) athletes. The five-day competition took place between 12 and 16 July at the Moi International Sports Centre in Nairobi, Kenya. Eligible athletes were aged 16 or 17 on 31 December 2017 (born in 2000 or 2001).

South Africa topped the medals table with 11 medals, five of them gold, while host nation Kenya finished fourth with four gold and 15 medals in total.

Under-18 athletics
Youth is a category of athletics in which athletes compete under the age of 18 years. Countries all around the world compete in athletics. World Youth Athletics Competitions are held every 2 years which contain the best Youth competitors in the world.
Jane Asinde
Jane Asinde (born 15 October 1999) is a Ugandan basketballer who plays as a forward for the Azulmarino basketball club in the Spanish second-tier. She is also the captain of the Uganda Women's National basketball team, commonly known as the Gazelles.

Grayson College
Grayson College is a public community college in Grayson County, Texas. The main campus is in Denison and it has branch campuses in Denison (west extension, at the site of the old Perrin Air Force Base) and Van Alstyne (south campus).
Île des Pingouins
Île des Pingouins (French pronunciation: [il de pɛ̃ɡwɛ̃]), or Penguin Island, is an uninhabited island in the subantarctic Crozet Archipelago of the southern Indian Ocean.  With an area of only 3 km2 (1 sq mi) it is one of the smaller islands of the group.  Administratively, it is part of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands.  It is an important nesting site for seabirds.

Subantarctic
The sub-Antarctic zone is a physiographic region in the Southern Hemisphere, located immediately north of the Antarctic region. This translates roughly to a latitude of between 46° and 60° south of the Equator. The subantarctic region includes many islands in the southern parts of the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans, especially those situated north of the Antarctic Convergence. Subantarctic glaciers are, by definition, located on islands within the subantarctic region. All glaciers located on the continent of Antarctica are by definition considered to be Antarctic glaciers.