hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Konstantin Landa
Konstantin Landa (Russian: Константин Ланда; 22 May 1972 – October 2022) was a Russian chess grandmaster. He competed in the FIDE World Chess Championship 2004 and FIDE World Cup 2007. In 2011 he was awarded the title of FIDE Senior Trainer.

Landa's best tournament results include: shared first place with Zahar Efimenko at Fürth 2002, first at Trieste 2005, first at Reggio Emilia 2005/2006, first at HZ Tournament 2011. In the European Club Cup, Landa played for gold medal-winning team Ladya Azov in 1997.

Landa died in October 2022, at the age of 50.

Zahar Efimenko
Zahar Oleksandrovych Efimenko (Ukrainian: Захар Олександрович Єфименко; born 3 July 1985) is a Ukrainian chess grandmaster. He was a member of the gold medal-winning Ukrainian team at the 2010 Chess Olympiad. Efimenko competed in the FIDE World Cup in 2005, 2009 and 2011.
Patrick K. McGowan
Patrick K. "Pat" McGowan is an American politician from Maine. McGowan, a Democrat, served in the Clinton administration as the New England regional administrator of the Small Business Administration. From 2003 to 2010, he served as Maine's Commissioner of Conservation. In 2010, he unsuccessfully sought the Democratic Party's nomination for Governor.

The Pittsfield, Maine native began his political career with his election in 1980 to the Maine House of Representatives where he served for ten years. He ran as the Democratic nominee for Maine's 2nd congressional district seat in 1990 and 1992. Both times, ran against incumbent Republican Olympia Snowe.

McGowan served as the Maine Commissioner of Conservation from 2003 to 2010. The Portland Press Herald endorsed McGowan for the Democratic Party's nomination for Governor. McGowan lost the primary to Libby Mitchell.

Libby Mitchell
Elizabeth H. Mitchell (born Elizabeth Anne Harrill on June 22, 1940) is an American politician from Maine. Mitchell, a Democrat, represented Vassalboro, which is part of Kennebec County in the Maine Senate from 2004 to 2010. Mitchell was also the Democrats' 2010 candidate for the office of Governor of Maine. She finished in third place behind Republican Paul LePage and unenrolled attorney Eliot Cutler. She is the only woman in United States history to have been elected as both speaker of her state house of representatives and president of her state senate.
Beautiful Young Minds
Beautiful Young Minds was a documentary first shown at the BRITDOC Festival on 26 July 2007 and first broadcast on BBC 2 on 14 October 2007. The documentary follows the selection process and training for the U.K. team to compete in the 2006 International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO), as well as the actual event in Slovenia. Many of the young mathematicians featured in the film had a form of autism, which the documentary links to mathematical ability. The team goes on to win numerous medals at the IMO, including four silver and one bronze. It was directed by Morgan Matthews, edited by Joby Gee and featured music by Sam Hooper. It was also screened at the Bath Film Festival in October 2007. The documentary inspired the 2014 film X+Y, which was also directed by Morgan Matthews, based on IMO participant Daniel Lightwing.

International Mathematical Olympiad selection process
This article describes the selection process, by country, for entrance into the International Mathematical Olympiad.

The International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO) is an annual mathematics olympiad for students younger than 20 who have not started at university.

Each year, participating countries send at most 6 students. The selection process varies between countries, but typically involves several rounds of competition, each progressively more difficult, after which the number of candidates is repeatedly reduced until the final 6 are chosen.

Many countries also run training events for IMO potentials, with the aim of improving performance as well as assisting with team selection.
Bureau 1440
Bureau 1440 (Russian: Бюро 1440) is a Russian aerospace company within X Holding, developing a low-orbit satellite system for high-speed broadband data transmission. In 2023 and 2024, the company launched the experimental missions Rassvet-1 and Rassvet-2, with commercial operations scheduled for 2027 (by which time the 288-satellite constellation should provide global coverage).

Satellite Internet access
Satellite Internet access is Internet access provided through communication satellites; if it can sustain high speeds, it is termed satellite broadband. Modern consumer grade satellite Internet service is typically provided to individual users through geostationary satellites that can offer relatively high data speeds, with newer satellites using the Ku band to achieve downstream data speeds up to 506 Mbit/s. In addition, new satellite internet constellations are being developed in low-earth orbit to enable low-latency internet access from space.
Peczeniżyn County
Peczeniżyn County (Polish: Powiat peczeniżyński; Ukrainian: Печеніжинський повіт) was a former Polish county (Powiat) in the Stanisławów Voivodeship in Southeastern Poland.

The county was established in 1921 as a direct successor of the Austrian Peczeniżyn District (German: Bezirk Peczeniżyn, Polish: Powiat peczeniżyński). On April 1, 1929, the county was liquidated and its territory was incorporated into the neighbouring Kołomyja County.

Pechenizhyn
Pechenizhyn (Ukrainian: Печеніжин; Polish: Peczeniżyn; Yiddish: פעטשיניזשן, romanized: Pechinizhn) is a rural settlement in Kolomyia Raion, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, Ukraine, 11 kilometres (7 mi) west of Kolomyia. It hosts the administration of Pechenizhyn settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Its population is 5,197 (2022 estimate).
Lucius Aelius Tubero
Lucius Aelius Tubero was a 1st-century BC Roman politician and writer of the gens Aelia; a friend of Cicero, he was the father of historian and jurist Quintus Aelius Tubero. He was married to Cicero's cousin Visellia.

Aelia gens
The gens Aelia, occasionally written Ailia, was a plebeian family in Rome, which flourished from the fifth century BC until at least the third century AD, a period of nearly eight hundred years.  The archaic spelling Ailia is found on coins, but must not be confused with Allia, which is a distinct gens.  The first member of the family to obtain the consulship was Publius Aelius Paetus in 337 BC.

Under the empire the Aelian name became still more celebrated.  It was the name of the emperor Hadrian, and consequently of the Antonines, whom he adopted.  A number of landmarks built by Hadrian also bear the name Aelius.  The Pons Aelius is a bridge in Rome, now known as the Ponte Sant'Angelo.  Pons Aelius also refers to a Roman settlement in Britannia Inferior, now the site of Newcastle upon Tyne, while Aelia Capitolina was a Roman colony built on the ruins of Jerusalem.

On the coins of Aelia in 224 BC, the 'H' may stand for Hatria or Herdonia.
Supranational Venezuela 2022
Supranational Venezuela 2022 was the third Supranational Venezuela pageant. It was held at the Junín Theatre in Caracas, Venezuela on June 9, 2022.

At the end of the event, Valentina Sánchez of Nueva Esparta crowned her successor Selene Delgado of Miranda as Miss Supranational Venezuela 2023. She represented Venezuela at the Miss Supranational 2023 pageant placing in the Top 24.

At the same time, Ismelys Velásquez of La Guaira was appointed as Miss Supranational Venezuela 2022. She represented Venezuela at the Miss Supranational 2022 pageant placing as 4th runner-up.

Also, William Badell of Zulia titled his successor Jorge Eduardo Núñez of Zulia as Mister Supranational Venezuela 2023. He represented Venezuela at the Mister Supranational 2023 pageant due to visa problemas, for this reason Anthony Gallardo of Distrito Capital replaced him representing the country in Mister Supranational 2022 placing in the Top 20.

Mister Supranational 2022
Mister Supranational 2022 was the 6th edition of the Mister Supranational, held on July 16, 2022 at Strzelecki Park Amphitheater in Nowy Sącz, Poland. Varo Vargas of Peru crowned Luis Daniel Gálvez of Cuba at the end of the event. This edition marked the first delegate from Caribbean to win Mister Supranational.
Fred Andrade
Fred Andrade is a Brazilian musician and composer. Active in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil, he has played with Elba Ramalho, Quinteto Violado, Heraldo do Monte, Naná Vasconcelos, Lula Queiroga, Dominguinhos, and Lenine. He was also member of the instrumental groups Mandinga and Noise Viola.

Naná Vasconcelos
Juvenal de Holanda Vasconcelos, known as Naná Vasconcelos (2 August 1944 – 9 March 2016), was a Brazilian percussionist, vocalist and berimbau player, notable for his work as a solo artist on over two dozen albums, and as a backing musician with Pat Metheny, Don Cherry, Jan Garbarek, Egberto Gismonti, Gato Barbieri, and Milton Nascimento.
Daniel Baker College
Daniel Baker College was founded April 5, 1889 in Brownwood, Texas, United States. It was named in memory of the Rev. Daniel Baker, a Presbyterian circuit-riding minister, who helped organize the first presbytery in Texas in 1840 and Austin College in 1849.

Brownwood, Texas
Brownwood is a city in and the county seat of Brown County, Texas, United States. The population was 18,862 as of  the 2020 census. Brownwood is in the Texas Hill Country and is home to Howard Payne University, which was founded in 1889.
GRB 070125
GRB 070125 is a gamma-ray burst (GRB) that was observed on January 25, 2007, by the InterPlanetary Network, which lasted for around 70 seconds. It is unique in that it did not occur in a galaxy, but in intergalactic space. This is unusual, since they are caused by the hypernovae of young massive stars, which usually means having to reside in a galaxy, as almost all stars are formed in galaxies, particularly high mass ones. It has a redshift of 1.55, which equals to a light travel distance of 9.5 billion years.

It is theorized that the star formed in the tidal tail resulting from the interaction of two nearby galaxies, deep in intergalactic space.

A month after it was detected, the Large Binocular Telescope observed a 26th magnitude optical afterglow from the gamma ray burst.

InterPlanetary Network
The InterPlanetary Network (IPN) is a group of spacecraft equipped with gamma ray burst (GRB) detectors. By timing the arrival of a burst at several spacecraft, its precise location can be found. The precision for determining the direction of a GRB in the sky is improved by increasing the spacing of the detectors, and also by more accurate timing of the reception. Typical spacecraft baselines of about one AU (astronomical unit) and time resolutions of tens of milliseconds can determine a burst location within several arcminutes, allowing follow-up observations with other telescopes.
Agia Anna, Elis
Agia Anna (Greek: Αγία Άννα meaning Saint Anne) is a mountain village in the municipal unit of Oleni, Elis, Greece. Agia Anna is built on the slopes of the hill Axofolia, a western spur of the Foloi plateau. In the village square, the elevation is 450 m, and the top of the hill is around 670 m. Agia Anna is 2 km northeast of Goumero, 4 km west of Klindia, 10 km southeast of Simopoulo and 10 km northeast of Karatoula. The area is forested, but suffered damage from the 2007 Greek forest fires.

Simopoulo
Simopoulo (Greek: Σιμόπουλο) is a village and a community in the municipal unit of Pineia, Elis, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Ilida. Simopoulo was the seat of the former municipality Pineia. It is situated in the sparsely populated hills of northern Elis. It is 5 km east of Efyra, 7 km west of Agia Triada and 23 km northeast of Pyrgos. The community includes the village Agios Nikolaos.
2025 Wehda Street airstrikes
On 7 May 2025, the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) struck a crowded restaurant and market in Wehda Street in the Rimal neighborhood in northern Gaza. The attack killed at least 33 Palestinians, and wounded at least 90 others.

Rimal
Rimal or Remal (Arabic: حي الرمال, lit. 'sands') is a neighborhood in Gaza City located three kilometers (two miles) from the city center. Situated along the coastline, it was considered the most prosperous neighborhood of Gaza. The main street that runs through Gaza, Omar Mukhtar Street, runs northwest–southeast in the district and the main coastal road, Ahmad Orabi/Rasheed Street, northeast-southwest. Rimal is divided into the city districts of southern Rimal and northern Rimal. The neighborhood is the site of multiple government ministries and has been severely damaged during the ongoing Gaza war.
Portraits of Mozart
Numerous historical paintings and other works of art purport to depict the composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Of these, only a fraction can be shown by historical evidence to be authentic portrayals. The others are variously fraudulent, attribution errors, or sentimental works of the imagination. Of the authentic portraits, the posthumous 1819 painting by Barbara Krafft is the best known. The task of distinguishing authentic from inauthentic portraits has occupied Mozart scholars for many years.

Constanze Mozart
Maria Constanze Cäcilia Josepha Johanna Aloysia Mozart (née Weber, Austrian German: [kɔnˈstantsə ˈmoːtsart ˈveːbɐ]; 5 January 1762 – 6 March 1842) was a German soprano, later a businesswoman. She is best remembered as the spouse of the composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, who from the evidence of his letters was deeply in love with her throughout their nine-year marriage. Following her husband's sudden death in 1791, Constanze Mozart escaped poverty and supported her family through concertizing and promotion of her husband's memory; she was responsible in part for the extensive posthumous publication of her husband's works. Constanze is also regarded, less positively, as a source of mythology concerning her husband's life, deriving in part from the biography she jointly wrote with her second husband, Georg Nikolaus von Nissen.
St. Paul's Episcopal Church (Benicia, California)
St. Paul's Episcopal Church is a church in Benicia, California.

Founded in 1855, it is the third-oldest church in the Episcopal Church of the United States of America's Diocese of Northern California.

Benicia, California
Benicia is a city in Solano County, California, on the north bank of the Carquinez Strait in the North Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area. It served as the capital of California for nearly thirteen months from 1853 to 1854. The population was 27,131 at the 2020 United States census. Benicia is just east of Vallejo and across the strait from Martinez.
1980 Special Honours
As part of the British honours system, Special Honours are issued at the Monarch's pleasure at any given time. The Special Honours refer to the awards made within royal prerogative, operational honours and other honours awarded outside the New Years Honours and Birthday Honours.

Orders, decorations, and medals of the United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom and the British Overseas Territories, personal bravery, achievement, or service are rewarded with honours. The honours system consists of three types of award:

Honours are used to recognise merit in terms of achievement and service;

Decorations tend to be used to recognise specific deeds;

Medals are used to recognise service on a particular operation or in a specific theatre, long or valuable service, and good conduct.

Appointments to the various orders and awards of other honours are usually published in The London Gazette.
KIAC
KIAC (Key Information for Air Cargo), is a computer reservations system owned and used by FedEx for booking cargo space on their freighter aircraft. It is an old IBM PO4 system and was brought to FedEx with the purchase of Flying Tigers in 1989.

Flying Tiger Line
Flying Tiger Line, also known as Flying Tigers, was the first scheduled cargo airline in the United States and a military charter operator during the Cold War era for both cargo and personnel (the latter with leased aircraft). The airline was bought by Federal Express in 1989.
Wales at the 1970 British Commonwealth Games
Wales competed at the 1970 British Commonwealth Games in Edinburgh, Scotland, from 16 to 25 July 1970.

The Welsh team was named on 21 May 1970 and consisted of 114 athletes.

Wales came 12th overall with 2 gold, 6 silver and 4 bronze medals.

Boxing at the 1970 British Commonwealth Games
Boxing at the 1970 British Commonwealth Games was the ninth appearance of the Boxing at the Commonwealth Games. The events were held in Edinburgh, Scotland, from 16 to 25 July 1970 and featured contests in eleven weight classes.

The boxing events were held at the Murrayfield Ice Rink

Uganda topped the boxing medal table by virtue of winning three gold medals.
Utah's 24th State Senate district
The 24th Utah Senate District is located in Juab, Piute, Sanpete, Sevier, Tooele and Wayne Counties and includes Utah House Districts 1, 21, 67, 68, 69, 70 and 73. The current State Senator representing the 24th district is Ralph Okerlund, a Republican from Monroe who replaced Darin Peterson. Peterson opted not to pursue re-election in 2008 due to health concerns. Okerlund defeated Tobiah "Toby" Dillon (D) from Tooele City, and Benton L. Peterson (C) from Manti in the 2008 election.

Sanpete County, Utah
Sanpete County (/sænˈpiːt/ san-PEET) is a county in the U.S. state of Utah. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 28,437. Its county seat is Manti, and its largest city is Ephraim. The county was created in 1850.
Beer in Singapore
The local beer industry in Singapore began in the early 1930s with the formation of Malayan Breweries Limited (MBL) in 1931 (which went on to produce Tiger Beer) and later Archipelago Brewery in 1933 (which went on to produce Anchor Beer).

Craft beer
Craft beer is beer manufactured by craft breweries, which typically produce smaller amounts of beer than larger "macro" breweries and are often independently owned. Such breweries are generally perceived and marketed as emphasising enthusiasm, new flavours, and varied brewing techniques.

The microbrewery movement began in both the United States and United Kingdom in the 1970s, although traditional artisanal brewing existed in Europe for centuries and subsequently spread to other countries. As the movement grew, and some breweries expanded their production and distribution, the more encompassing concept of craft brewing emerged. A brewpub is a pub that brews its own beer for sale on the premises.
WASP-166
WASP-166, also named Filetdor, is an F-type main-sequence star 373 light-years (114 parsecs) away in the constellation Hydra. With an apparent magnitude of 9.4, it is too faint to be visible to the naked eye. It hosts one known exoplanet.

Hydra (constellation)
Hydra is the largest of the 88 modern constellations, measuring 1303 square degrees, and also the longest at over 100 degrees. Its southern end borders Libra and Centaurus and its northern end borders Cancer. It was included among the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd century astronomer Ptolemy. Commonly represented as a water snake, it straddles the celestial equator.
2007 ASTRA Awards
The 5th Annual ASTRA Awards were presented on Monday 23 April 2007 at the Hordern Pavilion in Sydney.

Four new awards was added to the Marketing and Promotions category this year:

Most Outstanding Creative Campaign

Most Creative Off-air Promotion (For a Program, Series or Event)

Most Outstanding Program Promotion Campaign

Most Creative Use of Technology for a Consumer Application

Performers at the awards included Australian acts, Evermore, Sneaky Sound System, and Juke Kartel.

SF (Australian TV channel)
SF (formerly Sci Fi Channel) was an Australian subscription channel that aired science fiction, fantasy and related programs. It was available on Foxtel, Austar and Optus Television subscription platforms.

In 2012, the channel rebranded from Sci Fi to SF. The channel used a world-exclusive version of the "Syfy" branding, SF being a joint venture between NBCUniversal (the owners of the Syfy brand), Sony Pictures Television and CBS Studios International.

On 31 December 2013, SF ceased broadcasting and closed, being replaced by an Australian version of Syfy in 2014.
Point of sale display
A point-of-sale display (POS display) is a specialised form of sales promotion that is found near, on, or next to a checkout counter (the "point of sale"). They are intended to draw the customers' attention to products, which may be new products, or on special offer, and are also used to promote special events, e.g. seasonal or holiday-time sales. POS displays can include free standing display units (FSDU), shelf edging, dummy packs, strut cards, standees, hanging signs, counter display units (CDU), display packs, endcaps, display stands, mobiles, posters, and banners.

POS can also refer to systems used to record transactions between the customer and the commerce.

Display stand
A display stand is a free-standing physical fitting/fixture in a shop on which products are arranged. It is an advertising and merchandising tool that has a direct impact on product sales.

Artwork or statuary may also have a display stand to hold items securely for viewing.

A point-of-sale display assembled by a contract packager

Display stand for postcards

Display stands for statues in museum
Berber Arouch Citizens' Movement
The Arouch Movement or Berber Arouch Citizens' Movement (Kabyle: Leɛṛac; French: Mouvement citoyen des Aarchs) is an organization in Algeria representing the Kabyle people, a Berber group of the province of Kabylie. Their name, Arouch, is the plural form of the word Arch, referring to a traditional Kabyle form of democratic political assembly. The movement was started after the Black Spring disturbances in 2001, in which 126 Kabyle protesters were killed by Algerian gendarmes. The Arouch have a horizontal leadership and it has no leader, although charismatic arouch representatives like Belaïd Abrika have emerged.

The United States Department of State and Congressional Research Service have reported on state harassment of the Arouch.

Black Spring (Algeria)
The Black Spring (Kabyle: Tafsut Taberkant) was a series of protests and political demonstrations by Kabyle activists in the Kabylie region of Algeria in 2001, which were met by repressive and violent police measures and became a potent symbol of Kabyle discontent with the national government. The protests took place against a backdrop of long-standing cultural marginalization of the Highlander Kabyle, a homogeneous Berber linguistic group in Algeria (Berber speakers form some 25%–35% of the total population, although exact numbers are disputed) despite the most rigid government-sponsored Arabization measures of the 1960s through the 1980s having been lifted. The name "Black Spring" alludes to the events known as the Berber Spring of the 1980s, in which mainly Kabyle civil society activists challenged the ban on Berber culture then in place, demanding cultural rights and democracy.
Damien Bay
Damien Bay (54°48′S 35°53′W﻿ / ﻿54.800°S 35.883°W﻿ / -54.800; -35.883) is located north-northeast of Hamilton Bay on the southeast coast of South Georgia. It was named after the yacht Damien II, owned by Sally and Jerome Poncet, residents of Beaver Island in the Falkland Islands. The Poncets conducted investigations of the breeding colonies of seals and seabirds around the coastline of South Georgia. The Damien II was chartered by the British Antarctic Survey for various wildlife surveys between 1985 and 1992.

Hamilton Bay
Hamilton Bay (54°48′S 35°54′W﻿ / ﻿54.800°S 35.900°W﻿ / -54.800; -35.900) is a small bay at the mouth of Salomon Glacier, indenting the southeast coast of South Georgia 0.4 nautical miles (0.7 km) northeast of the mouth of Drygalski Fjord. It was surveyed by the South Georgia Survey in the period 1951–57, and named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee for James E. Hamilton (1893–1957), Colonial Naturalist to the Falkland Islands, who was seconded for service with the Discovery Investigations, 1925–28.