hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Police Act 1964
The Police Act 1964 (c. 48) was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that updated the legislation governing police forces in England and Wales, constituted new police authorities, gave the Home Secretary new powers to supervise local constabularies, and allowed for the amalgamation of existing forces into more efficient units.

Lancashire Constabulary
Lancashire Constabulary is the territorial police force responsible for policing the ceremonial county of Lancashire in North West England. The force's headquarters are at Hutton, near the city of Preston. As of September 2020, the force has 3,088 police officers, 190 special constables, and 280 police community support officers (PCSO), 300 police support volunteers (PSV), and 2,287 staff.
Volvo Philip
The Volvo Philip was a concept car built by Volvo in 1952. It was designed especially for the United States market, and so was fitted with a prototype V8 engine called the B8B, which produced 120 hp (89 kW) at 4000 rpm along with whitewall tires and a hint of tailfins.

The design was inspired by American cars and was similar to the 1951 Kaiser. The designer was Jan Wilsgaard, who also designed the Volvo Amazon. However, it was cancelled by the board and never reached production, with only one car being made. That car was used for several years by the board at Bolinder-Munktell in Eskilstuna and is now preserved at the Volvo Museum in Gothenburg.

This vehicle was hand built under extreme secrecy and was subjected to thorough testing. However, the V8 engine entered production in 1956 and was used for a truck, the Volvo Snabbe, as well as for boats. It was known for being strong and reliable but also for high fuel consumption. Production of the engine had ceased by 1973.

Kaiser Motors
Kaiser Motors (formerly Kaiser-Frazer) Corporation made automobiles at Willow Run, Michigan, United States, from 1945 until 1953. In 1953, Kaiser merged with Willys-Overland to form Willys Motors Incorporated, moving its production operations to the Willys plant at Toledo, Ohio, where the company continued to build automobiles under the Kaiser marque including the Kaiser Darrin until 1955. Their South American operations continued to build passenger cars well up into the 1960s. The company changed its name to Kaiser Jeep Corporation in 1963.
Right to Existence Group
The Right to Existence Group (Italian: Gruppo Diritto all'Esistenza) was an Italian American anarchist organization, based in Paterson, New Jersey. Established in 1890, the group drew most of its membership from migrant workers from Northern Italy. It promoted anarchist organization, in the form of anarcho-syndicalism, and had close links with the Paterson trade union movement. The group held regular meetings and dances, established a consumers' cooperative, bookstore and night school, and agitated for social revolution in Italy through its newspaper La Questione Sociale. One of its members was Gaetano Bresci, who went on to assassinate Umberto I of Italy, bringing the organization under increased scrutiny. Its newspaper was shut down and its meetings broken up by police. During the First Red Scare, many of its remaining members were rounded up and deported.

Bookselling
Bookselling is the commercial trading of books, which is the retail and distribution end of the publishing process.

People who engage in bookselling are called booksellers, bookdealers, book people, bookmen, or bookwomen.
Pepin Garcia
Don José "Pepin" Garcia is the CEO of El Rey de los Habanos, Inc, a cigar company in Miami, also known as My Father Cigars. He is a noted cigar maker living in Miami, Florida. Born in Cuba, he is a master cigar roller and blender, and the creator and maker of numerous popular cigar brands.

Estelí
Estelí (Spanish pronunciation: [esteˈli]), officially Villa de San Antonio de Pavia de Estelí is a city and municipality within the Estelí department. It is the 8th largest city in Nicaragua due to the high urbanization of its municipality, at 84.8%, with an urban population of 111,244 (2022 estimate). It is also the eighth-largest municipality, and an active commercial center in the north, known as "the Diamond of the Segovia" (this name being created by Oscar Corea Molina in his radio show "Trampolin 43”) and the de facto capital of the north.

Estelí is on the Pan-American Highway, 150 km north of Managua. It enjoys a temperate climate most of the year due to its location in the north central highlands at a mean elevation of 844 m (2769 ft) above sea level.  The city is also surrounded by forested mountains of pines, oaks, and walnuts, and plateaus up to 1600 m above sea level, some of which are protected as natural reserves.
Edward Everett Hayden
Edward Everett Hayden (April 14, 1858 – November 17, 1932) was an American naval officer, inventor and meteorologist. He was born in Boston, and was a lifelong naval officer. Early on he was associated with the Smithsonian and the US Geological Survey, but after losing a leg he turned to meteorology. He was considered an expert in sea storms, and wrote many articles about them. In 1888 he helped co-found the National Geographic Society, and served as its vice-president from 1890 until 1893.

Meteorologist
A meteorologist is a scientist who studies and works in the field of meteorology aiming to understand or predict Earth's atmospheric phenomena including the weather. Those who study meteorological phenomena are meteorologists in research, while those using mathematical models and knowledge to prepare daily weather forecasts are called weather forecasters or operational meteorologists.

Meteorologists work in government agencies, private consulting and research services, industrial enterprises, utilities, radio and television stations, and in education. They are not to be confused with weather presenters, who present the weather forecast in the media and range in training from journalists having just minimal training in meteorology to full-fledged meteorologists.
Jacopo Sipari di Pescasseroli
Jacopo Sipari di Pescasseroli (5 November 1985) is an Italian conductor and lawyer. He serves as the artistic director of the National Opera and Ballet Theater of Tirana and the International Festival di Mezza Estate, as well as the music director of the Abruzzo Symphony Institution. Additionally, he is the principal guest conductor of the National Opera and Ballet Theater in Varna, Bulgaria.

National Theatre of Opera and Ballet of Albania
The National Theatre of Opera and Ballet of Albania (Albanian: Teatri Kombëtar i Operas dhe Baletit - TKOB) is a theatre in Tirana, Albania. It is the largest theatre in the country and hosts music and dance performances year-round.
2022 California Proposition 26
Proposition 26, known as the Legalize Sports Betting on American Indian Lands Initiative was a California ballot proposition that was rejected by voters in the general election on November 8, 2022. The proposition would have legalized in-person sports gambling at tribal casinos and horse racetracks in California, as well as additional gambling games such as craps and roulette at tribal casinos, and would have created a 10% tax on profits derived from sports betting at racetracks. Voters rejected the proposal overwhelmingly with more than two-thirds of the vote, and the proposition being defeated in every county.

A Native American tribe's authority to offer such games would need to be negotiated with the state.

Roulette
Roulette (named after the French word meaning "little wheel") is a casino game which was likely developed from the Italian game Biribi. In the game, a player may choose to place a bet on a single number, various groupings of numbers, the color red or black, whether the number is odd or even, or if the number is high or low.

To determine the winning number, a croupier spins a wheel in one direction, then spins a ball in the opposite direction around a tilted circular track running around the outer edge of the wheel. The ball eventually loses momentum, passes through an area of deflectors, and falls onto the wheel and into one of the colored and numbered pockets on the wheel. The winnings are then paid to anyone who has placed a successful bet.
The Outcasts (Texas band)
The Outcasts are an American garage rock band from San Antonio, Texas that released a total of five singles between 1965 and 1967. Their best-known songs are "I'm in Pittsburgh (And it's Raining)", and "1523 Blair". Their recordings have been reissued on a number of compilation albums. According to the Ugly Things compilation album notes, they are the most recognized band of this name that were active in the mid-1960s, including another popular band from Manhasset, New York (see below for others).

Smokestack Lightning
"Smokestack Lightning" (also "Smoke Stack Lightning" or "Smokestack Lightnin'") is a blues song recorded by Howlin' Wolf in 1956.  It became one of his most popular and influential songs. It is based on earlier blues songs, and numerous artists later interpreted it.
Monks Kirby Rural District
The Monks Kirby Rural District was a rural district of Warwickshire between 1894 and 1932, based on the part of the Lutterworth Rural Sanitary District which was in Warwickshire.  Its council was based in the village of Monks Kirby.

The district consisted of six civil parishes of

Copston Magna

Monks Kirby

Pailton

Stretton-under-Fosse

Wibtoft

Willey

Due to its small size (its population was recorded as 1,456 in 1931) the district was abolished in 1932 and merged into the Rugby Rural District, under the review caused by the Local Government Act 1929. The area is now part of the present borough of Rugby.

Local Government Act 1929
The Local Government Act 1929 (19 & 20 Geo. 5. c. 17) was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that made changes to the Poor Law and local government in England and Wales.

The act abolished the system of poor law unions in England and Wales and their boards of guardians, transferring their powers to local authorities. It also gave county councils increased powers over highways, and made provisions for the restructuring of urban and rural districts as more efficient local government areas.
Carol Rudyard
Carol Rudyard (18 November 1922 – 15 May 2021) was an English-Australian visual artist, known for her audio-video art installations. She was nominated as a Western Australian Living Treasure in 2004. Her works are held in the National Gallery of Australia, the Art Gallery of New South Wales, the Art Gallery of Western Australia, the University of Western Australia, WAIT, the Lawrence Wilson Art Gallery as well as private collections.

Art Gallery of New South Wales
The Art Gallery of New South Wales (AGNSW), founded as the New South Wales Academy of Art in 1872 and known as the National Art Gallery of New South Wales between 1883 and 1958, is located in The Domain, Sydney, Australia. It is the most important public gallery in Sydney and one of the largest in Australia.

The gallery's first public exhibition opened in 1874. Admission is free to the general exhibition space, which displays Australian art (including Indigenous Australian art), European and Asian art. A dedicated Asian Gallery was opened in 2003.
Gular Ahmadova
Gular Mikayil qizi Ahmadova (Azerbaijani: Gülər Əhmədova), née Aliyeva (born 20 August 1965 in Baku), is a retired Azerbaijani politician, former member of the National Assembly of Azerbaijan and former member of the ruling New Azerbaijan Party.

She gained notoriety in 2012 after a video shot on a hidden camera was released, featuring Ahmadova negotiating a bribe sum with lawyer and fellow party member Elshad Abdullayev to help arrange, among other things, his election to the Azerbaijani parliament. The corruption scandal that ensued became known as Gulargate (by analogy with the Watergate scandal) and led to Ahmadova's stepping down as an MP and later arrest and expulsion from the party. She was sentenced to three years in prison for embezzlement and failure to report a grave offence, but her prison term was suspended 14 months into the sentence.

New Azerbaijan Party
The New Azerbaijan Party (Azerbaijani: Yeni Azərbaycan Partiyası, YAP) is the ruling political party in Azerbaijan, founded on 21 November 1992 under the leadership of Heydar Aliyev. After his election as President of Azerbaijan on 3 October 1993, and the party's victory at 1995 parliamentary elections, YAP became the ruling party, a position it has held since. President Ilham Aliyev has been chairman of YAP since its 3rd congress held on 26 March 2005.

YAP is a member of the International Conference of Asian Political Parties (ICAPP) and an observer member of the Centrist Democrat International. The party's rule over the country has been described as authoritarian.
Barred pipefish
The barred pipefish  (Syngnathus auliscus) is a species of the pipefishes, widespread in the eastern pacific from the Southern California, United States, to northern Peru. Marine / brackishwater subtropical demersal fish, up to 18.0 cm length.

Demersal fish
Demersal fish, also known as groundfish, live and feed on or near the bottom of seas or lakes (the demersal zone). They occupy the sea floors and lake beds, which usually consist of mud, sand, gravel or rocks. In coastal waters, they are found on or near the continental shelf, and in deep waters, they are found on or near the continental slope or along the continental rise. They are not generally found in the deepest waters, such as abyssal depths or on the abyssal plain, but they can be found around seamounts and islands. The word demersal comes from the Latin demergere, which means to sink.

Demersal fish are bottom feeders. They can be contrasted with pelagic fish, which live and feed away from the bottom in the open water column.
Demersal fish fillets contain little fish oil (one to four per cent), whereas pelagic fish can contain up to 30 per cent.
English Short-faced Tumbler
The English Short-faced Tumbler is a breed of fancy pigeon developed over many years of selective breeding. English Short-faced Tumblers along with other varieties of domesticated pigeons are all descendants of the rock dove (Columba livia). The English Short-faced Tumbler is one of the oldest breeds referred to in John Moore's book  Columbarium: or, The pigeon-house; being an introduction to a natural history of tame pigeons, giving an account of the several species known in England, with the method of breeding them, their distempers and cures (London: J. Wilford, 1735).

Domestic pigeon
The domestic pigeon (Columba livia "domestica" or Columba livia forma domestica) is a domesticated bird derived from the rock dove Columba livia. Although often termed a "subspecies", the domesticated pigeon does not constitute an accepted zoological subspecies of the rock dove, but a collection of over 350 breeds. The rock dove is among the world's first birds to be domesticated; Mesopotamian cuneiform tablets mention the domestication of pigeons more than 5,000 years ago, as do Egyptian hieroglyphs.

Pigeons have held historical importance to humans as food, pets, symbolic animals, and messengers. Due to their homing ability, pigeons have been used to deliver messages, including war pigeons during the two world wars. City pigeons, which are feral birds, are generally seen as pests, mainly due to their droppings and a reputation for spreading disease.
Operation Payback
Operation Payback was a coordinated, decentralized group of attacks on high-profile opponents of Internet piracy by Internet activists using the "Anonymous" moniker. Operation Payback started as retaliation to distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks on torrent sites; piracy proponents then decided to launch DDoS attacks on piracy opponents. The initial reaction snowballed into a wave of attacks on major pro-copyright and anti-piracy organizations, law firms, and individuals. The Motion Picture Association of America, the Pirate Party UK and United States Pirate Party criticised the attacks.

Following the United States diplomatic cables leak in December 2010, the organizers commenced DDoS attacks on websites of banks who had withdrawn banking facilities from WikiLeaks.

United States diplomatic cables leak
An incident, commonly referred to as Cablegate, began on 28 November 2010 when WikiLeaks began releasing classified cables that had been sent to the U.S. State Department by 274 of its consulates, embassies, and diplomatic missions around the world. Dated between December 1966 and February 2010, the cables contain diplomatic analysis from world leaders, and the diplomats' assessment of host countries and their officials.

On 30 July 2013, Chelsea Manning was convicted for theft of the cables and violations of the Espionage Act in a court martial proceeding and sentenced to thirty-five years imprisonment. She was released on 17 May 2017, after seven years total confinement, after her sentence had been commuted by President Barack Obama earlier that year.
Kunju Daivam
Kunju Daivam is an Indian Malayalam film written and directed Jeo Baby, starring Adish Praveen, Joju George,  Reina Maria, Sidhartha Siva as lead characters. Kunju Daivam' was last in the news when its lead Adish Praveen won the National Film Award for Best Child Artist. The film was produced by Nasib B R and Sanu S Nair under the banner of Ocean Pictures. It's Jeo Baby' second project in Malayalam as a director after 2 Penkuttikal. An ode to the age of innocence, Kunju Daivam tells the story of a spirited boy and his little world full of miracles. Mathews Pulickan has composed the soundtrack and background score for the film. The film was released theatrically on 16 February 2018.

Joju George
Joseph "Joju" George (born 22 October 1977) is an Indian actor, playback singer, director, writer and producer who primarily works in Malayalam cinema along with Tamil, and Telugu cinemas.

In 2015, he won the Kerala State Film Award – Special Mention for his supporting roles in Oru Second Class Yathra and Lukka Chuppi. His film Joseph got special mention at 66th National Film Awards.

In 2015, he stepped into film production and produced films such as Charlie and Udaharanam Sujatha before successfully launching his own production house Appu Pathu Pappu Production, which has produced several of his films. He is a recipient of more than 20 awards, awarded for either his acting or production.
Chalkboard paint
Chalkboard paint is a specialized paint that creates a chalkboard-like coating that can be utilized as a writing surface in the same manner as a traditional chalkboard. Chalkboard paint is commonly made out of a mixture of talc, acrylic, water, glycol, titanium dioxide, carbon black, opacifiers, silica, and esters. It may also contain acetone, propane, butane, xylene, ethylbenzene, amorphous silica, n-butyl acetate, and propylene glycol methyl ether acetate which are industrial standard ingredients used in inks and paints as thinners, olfactory, and pigmentation agents.

Propylene glycol methyl ether acetate
Propylene glycol methyl ether acetate (PGMEA, 1-methoxy-2-propanol acetate) is a P-type glycol ether used in inks, coatings, and cleaners.  It is sold by Dow Chemical under the name Dowanol PMA, by Shell Chemical under the name methyl proxitol acetate, and by Eastman under the name PM Acetate.

In the semiconductor industry, PGMEA is a commonly used solvent, primarily for the application of surface adherents such as bis(trimethylsilyl)amine (HMDS) on silicon wafers. The compound is often the most abundant airborne, molecular contamination (AMC) in semiconductor cleanrooms, due to its evaporation into ambient air.
Stage lighting instrument
Stage lighting instruments (lanterns, or luminaires in Europe)  are used in stage lighting to illuminate theatrical productions, concerts, and other performances taking place in live performance venues. They are also used to light television studios and sound stages.

Many stagecraft terms vary between the United States and the United Kingdom. In the United States, lighting fixtures are often called "instruments" or "units". In the UK, they are called "lanterns" or "luminaires". This article mainly uses terms common to the United States.

Television studio
A television studio, also called a television production studio, is an installation room in which video productions take place, either for the production of live television and its recording onto video tape or other media such as SSDs, or for the acquisition of raw footage for post-production. The design of a studio is similar to, and derived from, movie studios, with a few amendments for the special requirements of television production. A professional television studio generally has several rooms, which are kept separate for noise and practicality reasons. These rooms are connected via 'talkback' or an intercom, and personnel will be divided among these workplaces.
Wygoda Łączyńska
Wygoda Łączyńska [vɨˈɡɔda wɔnˈt͡ʂɨɲska] (Kashubian: Łątczińskô Wigòda) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stężyca, within Kartuzy County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Kashubian language
Kashubian (/kəˈʃuːbiən/) or Cassubian (/kəˈsuːbiən/; endonym: kaszëbsczi jãzëk; Polish: język kaszubski) is a West Slavic language belonging to the Lechitic subgroup.

Approximately 87,600 people use mainly Kashubian at home. It is the only remnant of the Pomeranian language. It is close to standard Polish with influence from Low German and the extinct Polabian (West Slavic) and Old Prussian (West Baltic) languages.

The Kashubian language exists in two different forms: vernacular dialects used in rural areas, and literary variants used in education.
Gumuia
Gumuia is a genus of extinct vascular plants of the Early Devonian (Pragian or Siegenian, around 410 million years ago). The genus was first described in 1989 based on fossil specimens from the Posongchong Formation, Wenshan district, Yunnan, China.

Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture
Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture is an autonomous prefecture in southeastern Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China, and is the easternmost prefecture-level division of the province. It borders Baise, Guangxi, to the east, Vietnam's Tuyên Quang Province to the south for 438 kilometres (272 mi), Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture to the west, and Qujing to the north.
Edward Francis Harris
Edward Francis Harris (13 May 1834 – 26 July 1898) was a New Zealand  public servant, interpreter, landowner, genealogist. Of Māori descent, he identified with the Rongowhakaata and Te Aitanga-a-Hauiti iwi. He was born in Gisborne, East Coast, New Zealand on 13 May 1834.

Gisborne, New Zealand
Gisborne is a city in northeastern New Zealand and the largest settlement in the Gisborne District (or Gisborne Region). It has a population of 38,100 (June 2025). Gisborne District Council has its headquarters in the central city.
2019 Eastbourne International – Women's doubles
Gabriela Dabrowski and Xu Yifan were the defending champions, but lost in the first round to Simona Halep and Raluca Olaru.

Chan Hao-ching and Latisha Chan won the title, defeating Kirsten Flipkens and Bethanie Mattek-Sands in the final, 2–6, 6–3, [10–6].

Chan Hao-ching
Chan Hao-ching (Chinese: 詹皓晴; pinyin: Zhān Hàoqíng;  Taiwanese  Mandarin: [tsán.xâu.tɕʰǐŋ]; born September 19, 1993), also known as Angel Chan, is a Taiwanese professional tennis player. She is primarily a doubles specialist, having won twenty-one WTA Tour, two WTA Challenger and six ITF titles in that discipline. Chan reached the final of the mixed-doubles competition at Wimbledon with Max Mirnyi in 2014, her first major final. She reached two more finals in 2017, the Wimbledon women's doubles with Monica Niculescu, and the US Open mixed doubles with Michael Venus.