hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lasercomb America, Inc. v. Reynolds
Lasercomb America, Inc. v. Reynolds, 911 F.2d 970 (4th Cir. 1990) is an appeal filed in the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit. Initially, Lasercomb filed an action against Holiday Steel for breach of contract, copyright infringement, misappropriation of trade secrets, fraud, unfair competition, and false designation of origin. The United States District Court ruled in favor of Lasercomb, awarding them punitive damages and actual damages for fraud, rejecting the defense of copyright misuse.  On appeal, based on a recognition of the similarity to patent misuse, the holding was reversed, deeming the language contained in the license agreement unreasonable.

United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit
The United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit (in case citations, 4th Cir.) is a federal court located in Richmond, Virginia, with appellate jurisdiction over the district courts in the following districts:

District of Maryland

Eastern District of North Carolina

Middle District of North Carolina

Western District of North Carolina

District of South Carolina

Eastern District of Virginia

Western District of Virginia

Northern District of West Virginia

Southern District of West Virginia

The court is based at the Lewis F. Powell Jr. United States Courthouse in Richmond, Virginia. With 15 authorized judgeships, it is the 4th largest circuit among the 13 United States Courts of Appeals.
Sinead Chambers
Sinead Chambers (born 1 February 1992) is an Irish badminton player. She competed for Northern Ireland at the 2010, 2014 and 2018 Commonwealth Games. She was the champion at the 2012 Irish Future Series tournament in the women's doubles event with her partner Jennie King and became the runner-up in the singles event.

Chambers graduated from the Ulster University with a first class honours in Physiotherapy and became a members of Chartered Society of Physiotherapy, Health and Care Professions Council, and Association of Chartered Physiotherapists in Sports & Exercise Medicines. Her brother Ciaran Chambers also a professional badminton player.

Health and Care Professions Council
The Health and Care Professions Council (HCPC), formerly the Health Professions Council (HPC), is a statutory regulator of over 280,000 professionals from 15 health and care professions in the United Kingdom. The Council reports its main purpose is to protect the public. It does this by setting and maintaining standards of proficiency and conduct for the professions it regulates. Its key functions include approving education and training programmes which health and care professionals must complete before they can register with the HCPC; and maintaining and publishing a Register of health and care providers who meet predetermined professional requirements and standards of practice.
2013 Nature's Way Sydney Tennis International
The 2013 Nature's Way Sydney Tennis International was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the first edition of the tournament which was part of the 2013 ATP Challenger Tour and the 2013 ITF Women's Circuit. It took place in Sydney, Australia, between 25 February and 3 March 2013.

Jordan Thompson (tennis)
Jordan Thompson (born 20 April 1994) is an Australian professional tennis player. He reached a career-high ranking of world No. 26 in singles and of No. 3 in doubles. Thompson won the Grand Slam title at the 2024 US Open with Max Purcell. He has won one singles and eight doubles ATP titles. He is currently the No. 4 Australian doubles player.
Logistic Regiment "Garibaldi"
The Logistic Regiment "Garibaldi" (Italian: Reggimento Logistico "Garibaldi") is a military logistics regiment of the Italian Army based in Persano in Campania. The regiment is the most decorated logistic unit of the Italian Army and assigned to the Bersaglieri Brigade "Garibaldi". The regiment's anniversary falls, as for all units of the Italian Army's Transport and Materiel Corps, on 22 May, the anniversary of the Royal Italian Army's first major use of automobiles to transport reinforcements to the Asiago plateau to counter the Austro-Hungarian Asiago Offensive in May 1916.

Asiago
Asiago (Italian: [aˈzjaːɡo]; Venetian: Axiago, Cimbrian: Slege, German: Schlägen [ˈʃlɛːɡn̩]) is a minor township (population roughly 6,500) with the title of city in the surrounding plateau region (the Altopiano di Asiago or Altopiano dei Sette Comuni, Asiago plateau) in the Province of Vicenza in the Veneto region of Northeastern Italy. It is near the border between the Veneto and Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol regions in the foothills of the Alps, approximately equidistant (60 km) from Trento to the west and Vicenza to the south. The Asiago region is the origin of Asiago cheese.  The town was the site of a major battle between Austrian and Italian forces on the Alpine Front of World War I.  It is a major ski resort destination, and the site of the Astrophysical Observatory of Asiago, operated by the University of Padua.
Kalogreza railway station
Kalogreza station (Greek: Σταθμός Καλογρέζας) was a station of the Piraeus, Athens and Peloponnese Railways (SPAP) in Kalogreza in Nea Ionia, Athens, Greece next to the boundary with Maroussi, and was also the northernmost station.  The station was constructed for the use of lignite production and its trucks from Kalogreza.  The station opened after 1944 and closed in 1957.  The line connected with the Athens–Lavrion Railway with transportation between Heraklio and Chalakdri with several curves heading to Heraklio.

Marousi
Marousi or Maroussi (Greek: Μαρούσι), also known as  Amarousio (Αμαρούσιο), is a city in the northeastern part of the Athens urban area, Greece. Marousi dates back to the era of the ancient Athenian Republic; its ancient name was Athmonon (Ἄθμονον) and it represented one of the 10 Athenian sub-cities. The area held a main ancient temple, where Amarysia Artemis, the goddess of hunting, was adored. Consequently the city's modern name derives from that of the goddess, Amarysia, which denotes the origin of the worship back in Amarynthos, Euboea. Its mayor is Theodoros Ampatzoglou, re-elected in 2023.
Salmo trutta fario
Salmo trutta fario, sometimes called the river trout, is a river-dwelling freshwater predatory fish from the genus Salmo of the family Salmonidae. It is one of the three main subspecies of the brown trout (Salmo trutta), besides sea trout (Salmo trutta trutta) and the lacustrine trout (Salmo trutta lacustris).

Freshwater fish
Freshwater fish are fish species that spend some or all of their lives in bodies of fresh water such as rivers, lakes, ponds and inland wetlands, where the salinity is less than 1.05%. These environments differ from marine habitats in many ways, especially the difference in levels of osmolarity. To survive in fresh water, fish need a range of physiological adaptations.

41.24% of all known species of fish are found in fresh water. This is primarily due to the rapid speciation that the scattered habitats make possible. When dealing with ponds and lakes, one might use the same basic models of speciation as when studying island biogeography.
Ysgol Syr Hugh Owen
Ysgol Syr Hugh Owen is a bilingual comprehensive secondary school for pupils aged 11–18. The school is situated in Caernarfon, Gwynedd, Wales. The school was established in 1894, the first to be built under the Welsh Intermediate Education Act 1889, which was heavily influenced by the educator Sir Hugh Owen, after whom the school was named.

As of 2024, there were 926 pupils enrolled at the school. Its current headteacher is Paul Mathews Jones. It serves the town of Caernarfon and the nearby villages, which include; Bontnewydd, Caeathro, Y Felinheli, Llandwrog, Rhosgadfan and Rhostryfan.

Welsh is the school's main language of communication and administration. All subjects, except Welsh and English, are taught to all pupils using both languages. According to the latest Estyn report in 2024, 89.6 per cent of pupils speak Welsh at home.

There is also a sixth form, which enables students to stay at the school for a further two years instead of having to transfer to college.

Llandwrog
Llandwrog (Welsh pronunciationⓘ; 'the church of saint Twrog') is a village and community in Gwynedd, north-west Wales, most notable for the presence of the headquarters of Welsh record label Sain and the site of Caernarfon Airport.  It has a population of 2,466, increasing to 2,539 at the 2011 Census. The community includes the villages of Groeslon, Carmel, Y Fron, Dinas Dinlle, and Cilgwyn. As suggested by the village name, the parish church is dedicated St Twrog. It was the base of the first ever Sea and Mountain Rescue team, and includes the estate of Glynllifon.

RAF Llandwrog was a training airfield during World War II, and was later used as a weapons storage facility. It had a key role in Operation Sandcastle, where a large quantity of Nazi Tabun weapons were stored prior to eventual disposal at sea.
Quebec City Film Festival
Quebec City Film Festival (French: Festival de cinéma de la ville de Québec) (FCVQ or QCFF) is a film festival held annually in September in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada. It screens short and feature films and premieres movies from all over the world.

Rock Demers
Rock Demers, CC (December 11, 1933 – August 17, 2021) was a Canadian film producer.  He was the founder of the film company Les Productions la Fête and produced the Tales for All film series for children.
Susan Estrada
Susan Estrada is in the Internet Hall of Fame for founding CERFnet, one of the original regional IP networks, in 1988. Through her leadership and collaboration with PSINet and UUnet, Estrada helped form the interconnection enabling the first commercial Internet traffic via the Commercial Internet Exchange.

She founded Aldea Communications, Inc. and wrote Connecting to the Internet in 1993. Estrada was inducted to the Internet Hall of Fame in 2014.

Formerly on the board of trustees of the Internet Society.

UUNET
UUNET Technologies, Inc., formerly UUNET Communications Services, was an American commercial Internet service provider. Founded in 1987, it was one of the first and largest commercial ISPs and one of the early Tier 1 networks.  It was based in Northern Virginia.  Today, UUNET is an internal brand of Verizon Business (formerly MCI).
Niedźwiedź, Kielce County
Niedźwiedź [ˈɲɛd͡ʑvjɛt͡ɕ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Strawczyn, within Kielce County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 2 km (1 mi) north-east of Strawczyn and 16 km (10 mi) north-west of the regional capital Kielce.

Kielce County
Kielce County (Polish: powiat kielecki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, south-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Kielce, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The county contains five towns: Chęciny, 14 km (9 mi) south-west of Kielce, Chmielnik, 32 km (20 mi) south of Kielce, Daleszyce, 17 km (11 mi) south-east of Kielce, Bodzentyn, 25 km (16 mi) east of Kielce, Morawica, 13,7 km (8,5 mi) south of Kielce.

The county covers an area of 2,247.45 square kilometres (867.7 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 206,856, out of which the population of Chęciny is 4,444, that of Chmielnik is 3,681, that of Daleszyce is 2,896, that of Bodzentyn is 2,233, that of Morawica is 1,711, and the rural population is 191,891.
Dennis Bright
Dennis Bright (born in Freetown, Sierra Leone) is a former Sierra Leonean cabinet minister. He served as Sierra Leone's Minister of Youth and Sports from 2002 to 2007. Dennis Bright taught French at university and was director of the Franco-Sierra Leonean Pedagogical Centre in Freetown. He is a member of the Creole ethnic group. He was member of the Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP) before resigning in 2017.

Demographics of Sierra Leone
The demographics of Sierra Leone are made up of an indigenous population from 18 ethnic groups. The Temne in the north and the Mende in the south are the largest. About 60,000 are Krio, the descendants of freed slaves who returned to Sierra Leone from Great Britain, North America and slave ships captured on the high seas.

In the past, some Sierra Leoneans were noted for their educational achievements, trading activity, entrepreneurial skills, and arts and crafts work, particularly woodcarving. Many are part of larger ethnic networks extending into several countries, which link West African states in the area. Their level of education and infrastructure have declined sharply over the last 30 years.
Precipice (video game)
Precipice, released as Kubos in PAL territories and Nalaku in Japan, is a puzzle video game developed by Skip Ltd. and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo DSi's DSiWare digital distribution service. It was released as part of the Art Style series.

PAL
Phase Alternating Line (PAL) is a colour encoding system for analogue television. It was one of three major analogue colour television standards, the others being NTSC and SECAM. In most countries it was broadcast at 625 lines, 50 fields (25 frames) per second, and associated with CCIR analogue broadcast television systems B, D, G, H, I and K. The articles on analogue broadcast television systems further describe frame rates, image resolution, and audio modulation.

PAL was developed by Walter Bruch at Telefunken in Hanover, West Germany, with important input from Gerhard Mahler. The format was patented by Telefunken in December 1962, citing Bruch as inventor, and unveiled to members of the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) on 3 January 1963. When asked why the system was named "PAL" and not "Bruch", the inventor answered that a "Bruch system" would probably not have sold very well ("Bruch" is the German word for "breakage").
1978 Giro d'Italia, Prologue to Stage 10
The 1978 Giro d'Italia was the 61st edition of the Giro d'Italia, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Giro began with a prologue individual time trial in Saint-Vincent on 7 May, and Stage 10 occurred on 17 May with a mountainous stage to Lago di Piediluco. The race finished in Milan on 28 May.

Silvi, Abruzzo
Silvi is an Italian comune in the province of Teramo, about 15 kilometres (9 mi) north of Pescara, in the Abruzzo region of central Italy. It stretches from Silvi Marina, a small seaside resort on the Adriatic Coast, to Silvi Paese up in the hills.
Elma Soiron
Elma Soiron (8 June 1918 in Acomb, Yorkshire –  May 2016 in London) was an English actress, who was best known for playing Madame Dubois in "The Path of Duty", the fourth episode of the first series of the British television series, Upstairs, Downstairs (31 October 1971), and Madame Huguot in "A Patriotic Offering", the first episode of the fourth series, first broadcast on 14 September 1974 on ITV. She also appeared in the soap opera Crossroads (1964).

Other parts include an old French woman in the eleventh episode of the first series of the British television series, The Tripods (24 November 1984).

Upstairs, Downstairs (1971 TV series)
Upstairs, Downstairs is a British drama television series produced by London Weekend Television (LWT) for ITV. It ran for 68 episodes divided into five series on ITV from 1971 to 1975.

Set in a large townhouse at 165 Eaton Place in Belgravia in central London, the series depicts the servants—"downstairs"—and their masters, the family—"upstairs"—between 1903 and 1930, and shows the slow decline of the British aristocracy. Great events feature prominently in each episode but minor or gradual changes are also noted. The show may be regarded as a fictional view of the social and technological changes that occurred during those 27 years, including the Edwardian period, women's suffrage, the First World War, the Roaring Twenties, and the Wall Street crash. It was a ratings success for ITV and received outstanding acclaim worldwide, winning multiple awards.

The BBC Wales and Masterpiece-produced continuation Upstairs Downstairs was broadcast by BBC One in 2010.
Torsten Jansen
Torsten "Toto" Jansen (born 23 December 1976) is a former German handballer, who spent the majority of his career playing for HSV Hamburg in the Bundesliga. He was also a regular member of the German national team. He was known as a good defensive player. In March 2017 he took over as head coach of the Handball Sport Verein Hamburg.

He received a silver medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens and also represented Germany at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. 
Jansen became a World champion in 2007, and European champion in 2004.
He has been awarded the Silbernen Lorbeerblatt for his triumph at the 2007 world championship.

Handball at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Handball competitions at the 2008 Summer Olympics were held from 9 to 24 August at the Olympic Sports Centre Gymnasium and National Indoor Stadium. Medals were awarded for both men's and women's team events.  A National Olympic Committee was permitted to enter one men's team and one women's team in the handball competitions.
Republic of Uhtua
The Republic of Uhtua, also Provisional Government of Karelia, officially called the Republic of East Karelia was an unrecognized state that existed from 1919 to 1920, formed out of five volosts in the Kemsky Uyezd of the Arkhangelsk Governorate.

Kalevala, Russia
Kalevala (Russian: Калевала; Karelian: Kalevala) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) and the administrative center of Kalevalsky District in the Republic of Karelia, Russia. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 4,529.
Robert Scott (engineer)
Robert Julian Scott MIME, MICE, FAIEE, NZSocCE (14 September 1861 – 8 November 1930) was a notable New Zealand railway engineer and professor of engineering. He was also the creator of possibly New Zealand's first indigenous steam buggy in 1881.

American Institute of Electrical Engineers
The American Institute of Electrical Engineers (AIEE) was a United States–based organization of electrical engineers that existed from 1884 through 1962. On January 1, 1963, it merged with the Institute of Radio Engineers (IRE) to form the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
A. W. Marion State Park
A. W. Marion State Park is a 310-acre (130 ha) public recreation area located four miles (6.4 km) northeast of  Circleville, Ohio. The state park encircles 145-acre (59 ha) Hargus Lake and offers hiking, fishing, and boating.

Circleville, Ohio
Circleville is a city in Pickaway County, Ohio, United States, and its county seat. The city is situated along the Scioto River 25 miles (40 km) south of Columbus. The population was 13,927 at the 2020 census.

Circleville is named after its original layout created in 1810, which was based upon the circular Hopewell tradition earthwork within which the city was built. This earthwork measured 1,100 ft (340 m) in diameter, and was constructed in the early centuries of the Common Era. The county courthouse was built in the center of the innermost circle.

In the late 1830s, for various reasons, residents requested authorisation from the state legislature to change Circleville's layout to a standard grid format. This was accomplished by the mid-1850s. All traces of the Hopewell earthwork were destroyed, although hundreds of other monuments of its kind still remain in the Ohio Valley.
Michael Salazar
Michael Dwane Salazar Jr. (born 15 November 1992) is an American–Belizean professional footballer who plays as a forward for National Independent Soccer Association club Los Angeles Force. Born in the United States, he plays for the Belize national team.

Canadian Championship
The Canadian Championship (French: Championnat canadien) is an annual soccer tournament contested by Canadian professional teams. The winner is awarded the Voyageurs Cup and a berth in the CONCACAF Champions Cup. It is contested by eight Canadian Premier League sides, three Major League Soccer sides, and the four champions of the Alberta Premier League, British Columbia Premier League, Ontario Premier League, and Ligue1 Québec. The tournament is organized by the Canadian Soccer Association and has been broadcast on OneSoccer since 2019 with some matches simulcast on TSN.
Canon EOS M50 Mark II
The Canon EOS M50 Mark II, also known as the EOS Kiss M2 in Japan, was a 24.1 megapixels entry-mid-level mirrorless interchangeable-lens camera announced by Canon on October 14, 2020. 
As a part of the mirrorless EOS M line, it was the successor to the Canon EOS M50, sitting above the entry-level Canon EOS M200 and below the enthusiast-oriented Canon EOS M6 Mark II.

Canon Inc.
Canon Inc. (Japanese: キヤノン株式会社; Hepburn: Kyanon kabushiki gaisha) is a Japanese multinational corporation headquartered in Ōta, Tokyo, specializing in optical, imaging, and industrial products, such as lenses, cameras, police equipment , scanners, printers, and semiconductor manufacturing equipment.

Canon has a primary listing on the Tokyo Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the TOPIX Core 30 and Nikkei 225 indexes. It used to have a secondary listing on the New York Stock Exchange.
Predrag Mijić (politician)
Predrag Mijić (Serbian Cyrillic: Предраг Мијић; born 4 June 1970) is a politician in Serbia. He was the mayor of Čoka, Vojvodina, from 2004 to 2011 and served in the Assembly of Vojvodina from 2008 to 2016. Mijić is a member of the Democratic Party (Demokratska stranka, DS).

Assembly of Vojvodina
The Assembly of Vojvodina (Serbian: Скупштина Војводине, romanized: Skupština Vojvodine), formally the Assembly of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina (Serbian: Скупштина Аутономне Покрајине Војводине, romanized: Skupština Autonomne Pokrajine Vojvodine), is the legislative body of Vojvodina, an autonomous province of Serbia.

The assembly is composed of 120 deputies who are proportionally elected to four-year terms by secret ballot. The current assembly was elected in 2023 provincial elections. The assembly elects a president (speaker) who presides over the sessions, currently Juhász Bálint of the Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians.
The Herberts
The Herberts is a hamlet in the Vale of Glamorgan, Wales. It is located immediately to the north of the village of St. Mary Church and southwest of Llandough, 2.2 miles by road southwest of the market town centre of Cowbridge along St Athan Road. The River Thaw flows through The Herberts.

Cowbridge
Cowbridge (Welsh: Y Bont-faen) is a market town in the Vale of Glamorgan, Wales, approximately 12 miles (19 km) west of the centre of Cardiff.

The Cowbridge with Llanblethian community and civil parish elect a town council.
A Cowbridge electoral ward exists for elections to the Vale of Glamorgan Council. This ward includes Cowbridge, Llanblethian and Llanfair.

The total population of the ward taken at the 2011 census was 6,180.
2017–18 WABA League League 8
League 8 of the Adriatic League, or Superleague, took place between 10 January 2018 and it will end on 15 March 2018.

The four best ranked teams advanced to the Final Four. The points against teams from the same preliminary round were taken over.

WABA League
WABA League, commonly known as the Adriatic League, is a top-level regional basketball league, featuring female teams from Serbia, Montenegro, Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Slovenia and Croatia. Clubs from Turkey, North Macedonia, Hungary and Italy had their representatives in WABA League in past seasons. Since 2012 a Cadet WABA League and since 2014 Pionir WABA League is also played.