hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Speirs Major
Speirs Major Light Architecture (SMLA) (formerly Speirs + Major, Speirs and Major Associates) is a UK lighting design practice founded by Jonathan Speirs (1958-2012) and Mark Major in 1993. The practice is noted for its illumination of many prominent buildings, including Barajas International Airport, 30 St Mary Axe (‘The Gherkin’), the Millennium Dome and the interior of St. Pauls Cathedral. The firm has also developed lighting master plans for several British cities, including Cambridge, Coventry, Durham, Newcastle, and for major private developments including Greenwich Peninsula and King’s Cross Central, London.

Speirs Major has been credited with helping to raise awareness of the lighting design profession in the UK. Today it employs approximately 38 people drawn from disciplines including architecture, art, lighting, interior, graphic and theatrical design. Its studios are based in London, UK and Tokyo, Japan.

King's Cross Central
King's Cross Central is a mixed-use development in the north-east of central London. The site is owned and controlled by the King's Cross Central Limited Partnership. It consists of approximately 67 acres (27 ha) of former railway lands to the north of King's Cross and St Pancras mainline railway stations. The site is largely determined by three boundaries: the existing East Coast Main Line railway leading out of King's Cross; York Way, a road marking the division between Camden and Islington boroughs; and the new railway line, High Speed 1 (HS1), formerly known as the Channel Tunnel Rail Link, which curves around the site to the north and west.

The master planners for the development were Allies and Morrison, Demetri Porphyrios, and Townshend Landscape Architects. The overall developer is Argent LLP. In 2016, the government announced it had sold their investment in Kings Cross Central for £371 million. The final building of the masterplan was approved in the summer of 2023.
Naples Airport (Florida)
Naples Airport (IATA: APF, ICAO: KAPF, FAA LID: APF), formerly known as Naples Municipal Airport, is a public use airport located two nautical miles (4 km) northeast of the central business district of Naples. It's the most populous city and county seat of Collier County, Florida. It is owned by the Naples Airport Authority. The airport is home to flight schools, air charter operators, car rental agencies, and corporate aviation and non-aviation businesses. The airport is also a central location for public services, including fire/rescue services, mosquito control, the Collier County Sheriff's Aviation Unit and other community services.

During fiscal year 2021–2022, the airport serviced 113,137 operations. The airport is used almost exclusively for general aviation, with one airline, JSX, offering scheduled passenger service as of 2025.

Beechcraft 1900
The Beechcraft 1900 is an American twin-engine turboprop regional airliner manufactured by Beechcraft. It is also used as a freight aircraft and corporate transport, and by several governmental and military organizations. With customers favoring larger regional jets, then-owner Raytheon ended production in October 2002.

Developed from the Beechcraft Super King Air, the aircraft was designed to carry passengers in all weather conditions from airports with relatively short runways. It is capable of flying in excess of 600 miles (970 km), although few operators use its full-fuel range.
Jurjen van der Velde
Jurjen van der Velde (born 4 December 2002) is a Dutch professional darts player who competes in Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) events and World Darts Federation (WDF) tournaments. He has won titles in the PDC's secondary tours, winning three Challenge Tours and seven Development Tours. He reached the quarter-finals at the World Darts Federation's 2022 Dutch Open.

Van der Velde found success in the British Darts Organisation (BDO)'s youth system, most notably winning the 2018 World Youth Masters. He is also a multi-medalist at WDF boys' events, at both the WDF Europe Cup Youth and WDF World Cup. He also won the Junior Darts Corporation's JDC World Darts Championship in 2018.

WDF Europe Cup
The WDF Europe Cup is a darts tournament held biennially since 1978. The tournament consists of a team championship, a pairs championship and a singles championship. All events have a men's competition, and a women's competition (since 1982).
Housing in Glasgow
Glasgow, the largest city in Scotland, has several distinct styles of residential buildings. Building styles reflect historical trends, such as rapid population growth in the 18th and 19th centuries, deindustrialisation and growing poverty in the late 20th century, and civic rebound in the 21st century.

East Kilbride
East Kilbride (/ ... kɪlˈbraɪd/; Scottish Gaelic: Cille Bhrìghde an Ear [ˈkʲʰiʎə ˈvɾʲiːtʲə əɲ ˈɛɾ]), often referred to as EK, is the largest town in South Lanarkshire in Scotland, and the country's sixth-largest locality by population. Historically a small village, it was designated Scotland's first "new town" on 6 May 1947, and thereafter widely expanded. The area lies on a raised plateau to the south of the Cathkin Braes, about eight miles (thirteen kilometres) southeast of Glasgow and close to the boundary with East Renfrewshire.

The town ends close to the White Cart Water to the west and is bounded by the Rotten Calder Water to the east. Immediately to the north of the modern town centre is The Village, the part of East Kilbride that existed before its post-war development into a New Town. East Kilbride is twinned with the town of Ballerup, in Denmark.
Parioli Challenger
The Parioli Challenger was a professional tennis tournament in Italy played on clay courts that was part of the ATP Challenger Series. It was held annually in Parioli, Rome from 1979 to 1993. It was the successor tournament to the Torneo Internazionale di Tennis Parioli (1949–1973).

Parioli
Parioli (Italian pronunciation: [paˈrjɔːli]) is the 2nd quartiere of Rome, identified by the initials Q. II.

The toponym is also used to indicate the urbanistic area 2B of the Municipio Roma II.

The name comes from Monti Parioli, a series of tufa hills, and was given to the area before its incorporation into the city proper at the beginning of the 20th century. Some suggest that the name stems from peraioli ("pear harvesters"), as it was once the site of pear orchards.
Artyom (EP)
Artyom (Russian: "Артём") is the second extended play (EP) by Russian rapper and music producer Slava Marlow, which was released on 23 October 2020. The album features guest appearances from Eldzhey and Morgenshtern. The EP had a previously released single, "Снова я напиваюсь", which was released on 7 October 2020.

Eldzhey
Alexey Konstantinovich Uzenyuk (Russian: Алексей Константинович Узенюк; born July 9, 1994), known professionally as Eldzhey (Russian: Элджей), is a Russian rapper, hip-hop and pop singer and songwriter best known for his hit singles "Rozovoye vino" (The Pink Wine), "Рваные джинсы" (The Ripped Jeans) and "360°".
2012–13 Serbian First League
The 2012–13 Serbian First League was the eighth season of the league under its current name. It started on 11 August 2012 and concluded on 5 June 2013.

Napredak Kruševac won the title and Čukarički finished as runners-up, with both clubs earning promotion to the top flight. The third-placed Voždovac was later administratively promoted to the Serbian SuperLiga to fill the vacant spot left by the dissolution of Hajduk Kula, which saw Teleoptik avoid relegation.

Radnički Nova Pazova, Banat Zrenjanin, Mladenovac, Kolubara and Novi Sad were relegated to their respective Serbian League groups.

Serbian First League
The Serbian First League (Serbian: Прва лига Србије / Prva liga Srbije), referred to as the Mozzart Bet First League for sponsorship reasons, is the second tier in professional Serbia's football league. The league was formed in 2005, following a reshuffle of the second tier Serbo-Montenegrin divisions. It is operated by the Football Association of Serbia.
Saint Darius
St. Darius (or Dario) is a saint of the Oriental Orthodox Churches, the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Catholic Church. His feast day is celebrated October 21 (or December 19 in the Catholic Church).

Darius is mentioned in the old martyrologies as having been martyred in the 4th century in Nicaea alongside Zosimus, Paul and Secundus.

Their presence there points to the city having an active Christian population at the beginning of this century. Nicaea (now İznik) would become the site of the First Council of Nicaea (325) and the Second Council of Nicaea (787), respectively the first and seventh Ecumenical councils

First Council of Nicaea
The First Council of Nicaea was a council of Christian bishops convened in the Bithynian city of Nicaea (now İznik, Turkey) by the Roman Emperor Constantine I. The Council of Nicaea met from May until the end of July 325.

This ecumenical council was the first of many efforts to attain consensus in the church through an assembly representing all Christendom. Hosius of Corduba may have presided over its deliberations. Attended by at least 200 bishops, its main accomplishments were the settlement of the Christological issue of the divine nature of God the Son and his relationship to God the Father, the construction of the first part of the Nicene Creed, the mandating of uniform observance of the date of Easter, and the promulgation of early canon law.
2022–23 Iowa Hawkeyes men's basketball team
The 2022–23 Iowa Hawkeyes men's basketball team represented the University of Iowa during the 2022–23 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The team was led by 13th-year head coach Fran McCaffery and played its home games at Carver–Hawkeye Arena as members of the Big Ten Conference. They finished the season 19–14, 11–9 in Big Ten play to finish in a four-way tie for fifth place. As the No. 5 seed in the Big Ten tournament, they lost to No. 13-seeded Ohio State in the second round. The Hawkeyes received an at-large bid to the NCAA tournament as the No. 8 seed in the Midwest region where the lost to Auburn in the First Round.

Junior forward Kris Murray earned First-team All-Big Ten honors and Third-team AP, Sporting News and USBWA All-America honors while averaging 20.2 points per game. It marked the fourth consecutive season that an Iowa player was named a consensus All-American, following twin brother Keegan Murray in 2022 and Luka Garza in 2021 and 2020.

2023 Big Ten men's basketball tournament
The 2023 Big Ten men's basketball tournament was a postseason men's basketball tournament for the Big Ten Conference of the 2022–23 NCAA Division I men's basketball season which took place from March 8–12, 2023. The tournament was held at the United Center in Chicago, Illinois. This was the last year in which the first round was broadcast on BTN, as it would move to Peacock starting 2024.

Purdue defeated Penn State 67–65 to win the tournament. As a result, they received the conference's automatic bid to the 2023 NCAA tournament.
Hypostomus vermicularis
Hypostomus vermicularis is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it reportedly occurs in the coastal drainage basins of eastern Brazil. The species reaches 19 cm (7.5 inches) in standard length and is believed to be a facultative air-breather.

Loricariidae
Loricariidae is the largest family of catfish (order Siluriformes), with over 90 genera and just over 680 species. Loricariids originate from freshwater habitats of Costa Rica, Panama, and tropical and subtropical South America. These fish are noted for the bony plates covering their bodies and their suckermouths. Several genera are sold as "plecos", notably the suckermouth catfish, Hypostomus plecostomus, and are popular as aquarium fish.
OGMA
OGMA – Indústria Aeronáutica de Portugal S.A. is a Portuguese aerospace company focused on aircraft maintenance and manufacturing. Embraer has a majority stake in the company with 65% of shares, while the rest, 35%, is controlled by the government of Portugal.

Aerospace manufacturer
An aerospace manufacturer is a company or individual involved in the various aspects of designing, building, testing, selling, and maintaining aircraft, aircraft parts, missiles, rockets, or spacecraft. Aerospace is a high technology industry.

The aircraft industry is the industry supporting aviation by building aircraft and manufacturing aircraft parts for their maintenance.  This includes aircraft and parts used for civil aviation and military aviation. Most production is done pursuant to type certificates and Defense Standards issued by a government body. This term has been largely subsumed by the more encompassing term: "aerospace industry".
George Duggan (politician)
George Duggan (August 1812 – June 14, 1876) was a lawyer, judge and political figure in Canada West.

He was born in County Cork, Ireland in 1812 and moved to Upper Canada with his parents. He studied law at York (Toronto) and was called to the bar in 1837. In 1840, he formed a law firm with his brother John. He was a member of the Orange Order, becoming district master and, in 1849, junior deputy grand master for British North America. He served on the Toronto city council from 1838 to 1840 and from 1843 to 1850. In 1841, he was elected to the 1st Parliament of the Province of Canada in the 2nd riding of York; he was reelected in 1844. In 1868, he was named judge in the York County court.

He died in Toronto in 1876.

York County, Ontario
York County is a historic county in Upper Canada, Canada West, and the Canadian province of Ontario. It was organized by the Upper Canada administration from the lands of the Toronto Purchase and others.

Created in 1792, at its largest size, it encompassed the area that presently comprises the City of Toronto, the regional municipalities of Halton, Peel, and York as well as portions of Regional Municipality of Durham and the City of Hamilton. However by 1851, York County only consisted of the areas presently comprising Toronto and Regional Municipality of York. In 1953, York County was split again, with the area south of Steeles Avenue forming the Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto.

York County was formally dissolved in 1971, with its remaining municipalities reorganized as the Regional Municipality of York.
Diplomatic struggle for Zadar
The diplomatic struggle for Zadar (1918–1919) was a series of efforts to preserve the Croatian coast from Italian encroachments and attempts to keep Zadar (Zara) within Croatia, part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, following the First World War.

Cres
Cres is an Adriatic island in west Croatia. It is one of the northern islands in the Kvarner Gulf and can be reached via ferry from Rijeka, Krk island or from the Istrian peninsula (line Brestova-Porozina).

With an area of 405.78 square kilometres (156.67 mi2), Cres has the same size as the neighbouring Krk island. In 2011, Cres had a population of 3,079 people.

In the past, Cres and the neighbouring island of Lošinj used to be one island, but now they are divided by a channel and connected by a bridge that starts from the town of Osor. Cres's only freshwater source is Lake Vrana.
College National Finals Rodeo
The College National Finals Rodeo (CNFR), sanctioned by the National Intercollegiate Rodeo Association (NIRA), is held every June. The inaugural event was hosted at the Cow Palace in Daly City, California, in 1949. Since 1999, the CNFR has been held at the Ford Wyoming Center in Casper, Wyoming. Both men and women rodeo athletes compete for the honor of becoming national champions in their events. Colleges also compete as teams for the chance of winning the men's and women's national college rodeo championship.

There was no CNFR in 2020 because of the COVID-19 pandemic.

In the 2024 event, Madalyn Richards from Texas A&M won the women's all-around title Wacey Schalla from Clarendon College won the men's all around title.

Daly City, California
Daly City (/ˈdeɪli/) is the second-most populous city in San Mateo County, California, United States. Located in the San Francisco Bay Area, and immediately south of San Francisco (sharing its northern border with almost all of San Francisco's southern border), it is named for businessman and landowner John Donald Daly.  Its population was 104,901 at the 2020 census. The racial makeup of Daly City was 57.3% Asian, 11.7% non-Hispanic White, and 23.1% Hispanic or Latino of any race in the 2020 census. Notably, 33.2% of the population of Daly City is Filipino.
The Defence of Saragossa
The Defence of Saragossa is an 1828 history painting by the British artist David Wilkie. It depicts a scene from the 1808 Siege of Zaragoza during the Peninsular War.

Wilkie, a London-based Scottish painter, had recently travelled through Spain and this was one of a series of four works he produced featuring scenes of Spanish resistance to the French occupiers in the Peninsular War.

Wilkie was inspired by the story of Agustina de Aragón who stepped over the fallen body of her husband to fire a cannon at the French in defence of the city. The painting was bought by George IV following its exhibition at the Royal Academy's 1829 Summer Exhibition at Somerset House. It remains in the Royal Collection.

Agustina de Aragón
Agustina Raimunda María Saragossa i Domènech (March 4, 1786 – May 29, 1857), better known as Agustina of Aragón, was a Spanish woman who defended Spain during the Peninsular War, first as a civilian and later as a professional officer in the Spanish Army. Known as "the Spanish Joan of Arc," she has been the subject of much folklore, mythology, and artwork, including sketches by Francisco Goya and the poetry of Lord Byron.
2004–05 Newcastle United F.C. season
The 2004–05 season was Newcastle United's 108th season in English football, and their 22nd in the Premier League. The season began poorly for Newcastle, with no wins in their first four matches, and manager Bobby Robson was sacked, bringing to an end his five-year tenure at the club. His assistant, John Carver took over as caretaker manager, managing one win, but was not considered for the permanent post, and left in September 2004. Blackburn Rovers manager Graeme Souness was brought in, but despite a positive start, he was unable to mount a challenge anywhere near the Champions League challenge the team had managed the previous season.

Towards the end of the season, teammates Lee Bowyer and Kieron Dyer were sent off for fighting with each other during a game. Their suspensions, coupled with several injuries, left Newcastle light on players. The club finished in 14th place in the league for the 2004–05 season.

2003–04 Newcastle United F.C. season
During the 2003–04 season, Newcastle United participated in the FA Premier League. This season saw the club reach the semi-finals of the 2003–04 UEFA Cup.

Newcastle finished fifth in the Premiership at the end of the season, which ensured qualification for the UEFA Cup once again for the 2004–05 season. Many fans were left disgruntled that Newcastle did not make it into the Champions League.
Anotherloverholenyohead
"Anotherloverholenyohead" is a song by Prince and The Revolution from the album Parade, the soundtrack to the film Under the Cherry Moon. The US B-side is the LP version of "Girls & Boys", but since that was already released as a single on its own in the UK, the B-side there was "I Wanna Be Your Lover", from 1979's Prince. Despite a large amount of publicity provided by its predecessors and the film Under the Cherry Moon, the single stalled at number 63 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and number 36 on the UK Singles Chart.

Prince (album)
Prince is the second studio album by the American musician Prince. It was released on October 19, 1979, by Warner Bros. Records. The album was written, arranged, composed, produced, and performed by Prince. Prince was regarded as more diverse than For You (1978), and performed better critically and commercially. Reviewing in Christgau's Record Guide: Rock Albums of the Seventies (1981), Robert Christgau wrote: "This boy is going to be a big star, and he deserves it".

Prince peaked at 22 on the Billboard 200 and number three on the Billboard R&B Chart. The album contained three Billboard Hot Black Singles hits: "Why You Wanna Treat Me So Bad?", "Sexy Dancer" and "I Wanna Be Your Lover". "I Wanna Be Your Lover" was Prince's first hit single on the Billboard Hot 100, peaking at number eleven while also topping the Billboard Hot Black Singles. Prince was certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) four months after its release.
John William Pitt Kīnaʻu
John William Pitt Kīnaʻu (December 21/27, 1842 – September 9, 1859) was a prince of the Kingdom of Hawaii and the only surviving son of High Chief William Pitt Leleiohoku I and Ruth Keʻelikōlani. As a descendant of King Kamehameha I, he was chosen to attend the Chiefs' Children's School (later renamed Royal School) taught by the American missionary Amos Starr Cooke and his wife, Juliette Montague Cooke, alongside fifteen of his royal cousins. At a young age, he inherited the landholdings of his father and his adoptive grandfather including Huliheʻe Palace, but the prince died under mysterious circumstances before his seventeenth birthday.

Juliette Montague Cooke
Juliette Montague Cooke (March 10, 1812 – August 11, 1896), known as "Mother Cooke", was an American teacher, a member of the Eighth Company of missionaries sent by the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM) to the Hawaiian Islands.
Climate and vegetation interactions in the Arctic
Changing climate conditions are amplified in polar regions and northern high-latitude areas are projected to warm at twice the rate of the global average. These modifications result in ecosystem interactions and feedback that can augment or mitigate climatic changes.  These interactions may have been important through the large climate fluctuations since the glacial period (the last ca. 14,500 years). Therefore, it is useful to review the past dynamics of vegetation and climate to place recent observed changes in the Arctic into context. This article focuses on northern Alaska where there has been much research on this theme.

Species distribution
Species distribution, or species dispersion, is the manner in which a biological taxon is spatially arranged. The geographic limits of a particular taxon's distribution is its range, often represented as shaded areas on a map. Patterns of distribution change depending on the scale at which they are viewed, from the arrangement of individuals within a small family unit, to patterns within a population, or the distribution of the entire species as a whole (range). Species distribution is not to be confused with dispersal, which is the movement of individuals away from their region of origin or from a population center of high density.
Doctor Copernicus
Doctor Copernicus is a novel by John Banville, first published in 1976. "A richly textured tale" about Nicolaus Copernicus, it won that year's James Tait Black Memorial Prize.

Doctor Copernicus contains four sections. The first two focus on the subject's life until about the age of 36. In the third, Copernicus's aide Rheticus narrates how he convinced Copernicus to publish De revolutionibus orbium coelestium. The fourth focuses on the great scientist's death.

Thirty years after it first appeared, Brian McIlroy praised Doctor Copernicus for its "great intellectual ambition." Linda Hutcheon, in A Poetics of Postmodernism, wrote that it is a "historiographic metafiction."

De revolutionibus orbium coelestium
De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres) is the seminal work on the heliocentric theory of the astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus (1473–1543 CE). The book, first printed in 1543 CE in Nuremberg, Holy Roman Empire, offered an alternative model of the universe to Ptolemy's geocentric system, which had been widely accepted since ancient times.