hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Carl F. Prutton
Carl Frederick Prutton (July 30, 1898 – July 15, 1970)  was an American chemist, inventor, industrial executive, philanthropist and educator.
Prutton held more than a hundred patents on lubricants and chemical processes known in the chemical industry as "the Prutton patents".
Prutton was the head of the department of chemistry and chemical engineering at the Case Institute of Technology,
a director of research and a vice president at Olin Mathieson Chemical Corporation,
an executive vice president of the Food Machinery and Chemical Corporation,
and a member of the National Academy of Engineering.

He received several notable awards and distinctions, including the Perkin Medal of the Society of Chemical Industry,
the Modern Pioneer Award of the National Association of Manufacturers, and an honorary Doctor of Science degree from Manhattan College.

Perkin Medal
The Perkin Medal is an award given annually by the Society of Chemical Industry (American Section) to a scientist residing in The United States for an "innovation in applied chemistry resulting in outstanding commercial development." It is considered the highest honor given in the US chemical industry.

The Perkin Medal was first awarded in 1906 to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the discovery of mauveine, the world's first synthetic aniline dye, by Sir William Henry Perkin, an English chemist. The award was given to Sir William on the occasion of his visit to the United States in the year before he died. It was next given in 1908 and has been given every year since then.
Evaristo de Chirico
Evaristo de Chirico Greek: Ο Εβαρίστο ντε Κίρικο ή Ευάρεστος Κηρύκος, romanized: Evaristo de Chirico (3 December 1841–5 May 1905) was an Italian-Greek engineer known for his contributions to railway construction in Greece. He played a key role in developing the railway network of Thessaly in the late 19th century. He was the farther of the artist Giorgio de Chirico.

Sicilians
Sicilians (Sicilian: Siciliani) are an Italian ethnographic group who are native to Sicily, the largest island in the Mediterranean, as well as the largest and most populous of the autonomous regions of Italy.
Peter Matshitse
Peter Matshitse (born 13 December 1971) is a South African former professional footballer who played as a defender for Orlando Pirates, Moroka Swallows, Tembisa Classic, Lehurutshe Stocks Birds, Kaizer Chiefs, Zulu Royals, Black Leopards and Jomo Cosmos. He was rated as one of the best defenders in the country.

After retiring as a player, Matshitse became a coach with Mothupi Birds United in January 2008.

Moroka Swallows F.C.
Moroka Swallows Football Club (often referred to as Swallows or The Birds) was a South African professional football club based in Soweto, Johannesburg, in the Gauteng province.

Founded in 1947, Swallows were one of the original two Soweto clubs, together with Orlando Pirates, thus contesting what is known as the Original Soweto Derby.

Until relegation in the 2014–15 season, the club had played every season of the Premiership.

Swallows won the 2019–20 National First Division and competed in the 2020–21 South African Premiership, finishing 6th in what was the club's first season back in top-flight football league system and qualified for 2021 MTN 8 competition. Swallows played its home matches at the Dobsonville Stadium.
Subodh Uniyal
Subodh Uniyal (born 26 July 1960) is an Indian politician and member of the Bharatiya Janata Party, currently serving as the Parliamentary affairs and Forest Minister of Uttarakhand and president of the Uttarakhand State Football Association. He was elected as a member of the 2017 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly and again in the 2022 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly from the Narendra Nagar constituency in Tehri Garhwal district.

Tehri Garhwal district
Tehri Garhwal district is a district in the hill state of Uttarakhand, India. Its administrative headquarters is at New Tehri. The district has a population of 618,931 (2011 census), a 2.35% increase over the previous decade. It is surrounded by Rudraprayag District in the east, Dehradun District in the west, Uttarkashi District in the north, and Pauri Garhwal District in the south. Tehri Garhwal is a part of the Himalayas.
Netherlands women's national goalball team
Netherlands women's national goalball team is the women's national team of the Netherlands.  Goalball is a team sport designed specifically for athletes with a vision impairment.  The team takes part in international competitions.

Team sport
A team sport is a type of sport where the fundamental nature of the game or sport requires the participation of multiple individuals working together as a team, and it is inherently impossible or highly impractical to execute the sport as a single-player endeavour. In team sports, the cooperative effort of team members is essential for the sport to function and achieve its objectives. The objective often involves teammates facilitating the movement of a ball or similar bob in accordance with a set of rules in order to score points. Examples are basketball, volleyball, rugby league, rugby union, water polo, handball, lacrosse, cricket, baseball, and the various forms of football and hockey. These sports emphasize teamwork, strategy, and coordination among team members while competing against opposing teams to achieve a common goal. Team sports do not include individual or individual-to-team events within a sport.
Abraham J. Twerski
Abraham Joshua Heshel Twerski (Hebrew: אברהם יהושע העשיל טווערסקי; (1930-10-06)October 6, 1930 – (2021-01-31)January 31, 2021) was an American Hasidic rabbi, a scion of the Chernobyl Hasidic dynasty, and a psychiatrist specializing in substance abuse.

Hazelden Betty Ford Foundation
The Hazelden Betty Ford Foundation is an addiction treatment and advocacy organization that was created in 2014 with the merger of the Minnesota-based Hazelden Foundation and the Betty Ford Center in Rancho Mirage, California, in the United States.
2004 Centrix Financial Grand Prix of Denver
The 2004 Centrix Financial Grand Prix of Denver was the ninth round of the 2004 Bridgestone Presents the Champ Car World Series Powered by Ford season, held on August 15, 2004 on the streets of Denver, Colorado near the Pepsi Center.  Sébastien Bourdais swept the pole and the race win.

Ball Arena
Ball Arena (formerly known as the Pepsi Center) is a multi-purpose indoor arena located in Denver, Colorado, United States. It is situated at Speer Boulevard, a main thoroughfare in downtown Denver, and is served by two nearby exits off Interstate 25. A light rail station is on the western side of the complex. Opened in 1999, it is the home arena of the Denver Nuggets of the National Basketball Association (NBA), the Colorado Avalanche of the National Hockey League (NHL), and the Colorado Mammoth of the National Lacrosse League (NLL).
Point Processes
Point Processes is a book on the mathematics of point processes, randomly located sets of points on the real line or in other geometric spaces. It was written by David Cox and Valerie Isham, and published in 1980 by Chapman & Hall in their Monographs on Applied Probability and Statistics book series. The Basic Library List Committee of the Mathematical Association of America has suggested its inclusion in undergraduate mathematics libraries.

Chapman & Hall
Chapman & Hall is an imprint owned by CRC Press, originally founded as a British publishing house in London in the first half of the 19th century by Edward Chapman and William Hall. Chapman & Hall were publishers for Charles Dickens (from 1840 until 1844 and again from 1858 until 1870), Thomas Carlyle, William Thackeray, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Anthony Trollope, Eadweard Muybridge and Evelyn Waugh, and his brother Alec Waugh.
Mamba
Mambas are fast-moving, highly venomous snakes of the genus Dendroaspis (which literally means "tree asp") in the family Elapidae. Four extant species are recognized currently; three of those four species are essentially arboreal and green in colour, whereas the black mamba, Dendroaspis polylepis, is largely terrestrial and generally brown or grey in colour. All are native to various regions in sub-Saharan Africa and all are feared throughout their ranges, especially the black mamba. In Africa there are many legends and stories about mambas.

Venomous snake
Venomous snakes are species of the suborder Serpentes that are capable of producing venom, which they use for killing prey, for defense, and to assist with digestion of their prey. The venom is typically delivered by injection using hollow or grooved fangs, although some venomous snakes lack well-developed fangs. Common venomous snakes include the families Elapidae, Viperidae, Atractaspididae, and some of the Colubridae. The toxicity of venom is mainly indicated by murine LD50, while multiple factors are considered to judge the potential danger to humans. Other important factors for risk assessment include the likelihood that a snake will bite, the quantity of venom delivered with the bite, the efficiency of the delivery mechanism, and the location of a bite on the body of the victim. Snake venom may have both neurotoxic and hemotoxic properties. There are about 600 venomous snake species in the world.
Zero-truncated Poisson distribution
In probability theory, the zero-truncated Poisson distribution (ZTP distribution) is a certain discrete probability distribution whose support is the set of positive integers.  This distribution is also known as the conditional Poisson distribution or the positive Poisson distribution. It is the conditional probability distribution of a Poisson-distributed random variable, given that the value of the random variable is not zero. Thus it is impossible for a ZTP random variable to be zero. Consider for example the random variable of the number of items in a shopper's basket at a supermarket checkout line.  Presumably a shopper does not stand in line with nothing to buy (i.e., the minimum purchase is 1 item), so this phenomenon may follow a ZTP distribution.

Since the ZTP is a truncated distribution with the truncation stipulated as k > 0, one can derive the probability mass function g(k;λ) from a standard Poisson distribution f(k;λ) as follows:

The mean is

and the variance is

Expected value
In probability theory, the expected value (also called expectation, expectancy, expectation operator, mathematical expectation, mean, expectation value, or first moment) is a generalization of the weighted average.

The expected value of a random variable with a finite number of outcomes is a weighted average of all possible outcomes. In the case of a continuum of possible outcomes, the expectation is defined by integration. In the axiomatic foundation for probability provided by measure theory, the expectation is given by Lebesgue integration.

The expected value of a random variable X is often denoted by , , or , with E also often stylized as ,  or E.
Havells
Havells India Limited is an Indian multinational electrical equipment company, based in Noida. The company manufactures home appliances, lighting for domestic, commercial and industrial applications, LED lighting, fans, modular switches and wiring accessories, water heaters, industrial and domestic circuit protection switchgear, industrial and domestic cables and wires, induction motors, and capacitors among others. Havells owns brands like Havells, Lloyd, Crabtree, Standard Electric, Reo and Promptec.

The company has 23 branches or representative offices with over 6,000 workers in over 50 countries. As of 2016, it has 11 manufacturing plants in India located at Haridwar, Baddi, Noida, Faridabad, Alwar, Neemrana, and Bengaluru.

Lighting
Lighting or illumination is the deliberate use of light to achieve practical or aesthetic effects. Lighting includes the use of both artificial light sources like lamps and light fixtures, as well as natural illumination by capturing daylight. Daylighting (using windows, skylights, or light shelves) is sometimes used as the main source of light during daytime in buildings. This can save energy in place of using artificial lighting, which represents a major component of energy consumption in buildings. Proper lighting can enhance task performance, improve the appearance of an area, or have positive psychological effects on occupants.

Indoor lighting is usually accomplished using light fixtures, and is a key part of interior design. Lighting can also be an intrinsic component of landscape projects.
Charles II, Duke of Orléans
Charles II of Orléans (22 January 1522 – 9 September 1545) was the third son of Francis I and Claude of France. In the autumn of 1545, Charles was on his way  to Boulogne, which was under siege. On 6 September, he came across a cluster of houses that had been emptied and sealed off "from the plague", probably a form of influenza. In the belief that the sons of the King of France were immune to plagues, Charles and one of his brothers entered some of the infected houses. After supposedly lying down on one of the infected beds and rolling around on the bedding, he took ill on the evening of the same day.  Charles died on 9 September.  During his funeral, the future King Henry II wept for Charles even though his friend, François de Scépeaux, argued that Charles "never loved or esteemed you."

Immunity (medicine)
In biology, immunity is the state of being insusceptible or resistant to a noxious agent or process, especially a pathogen or infectious disease. Immunity may occur naturally or be produced by prior exposure or immunization.
Junín, Cundinamarca
Junín is a municipality and town of Colombia in the Guavio Province, part of the department of Cundinamarca. The urban centre is situated at an altitude of 2,300 metres (7,500 ft) in the east of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense. Junín borders Gachetá and Guatavita in the north, Gama and Gachalá in the east, Fómeque in the south, and La Calera and Guasca in the west.

Altiplano Cundiboyacense
The Altiplano Cundiboyacense (Spanish pronunciation: [altiˈplano kundiβoʝaˈsense]) is a high plateau located in the Eastern Cordillera of the Colombian Andes covering parts of the departments of Cundinamarca and Boyacá. (Do not confuse with The Altiplano or the Altiplano Nariñense, both further south.) The altiplano corresponds to the ancient territory of the Muisca. The Altiplano Cundiboyacense comprises three distinctive flat regions; the Bogotá savanna, the valleys of Ubaté and Chiquinquirá, and the valleys of Duitama and Sogamoso. The average altitude of the altiplano is about 2,600 metres (8,500 ft) above sea level but ranges from roughly 2,500 metres (8,200 ft) to 4,000 metres (13,000 ft).
Ferguson Lake (Stewart Township)
Ferguson Lake is a lake in the geographic Stewart Township, Nipissing District in Northeastern Ontario, Canada. It is part of the Saint Lawrence River drainage basin.

Ferguson Lake has two unnamed inflows, both at the southwest. The primary outflow is an unnamed creek at the east which flows through several lakes and eventually to the Little Jocko River. The Little Jocko River flows via the Jocko River and the Ottawa River to the Saint Lawrence River.

The Ontario Northland Railway passes through the community of Tomiko about 500 metres (1,600 ft) northwest of the lake.

Jocko River (Ontario)
The Jocko River is a river in Nipissing District in Northeastern Ontario, Canada. It is in the Saint Lawrence River drainage basin, is a right tributary of the Ottawa River, and lies entirely within Jocko Rivers Provincial Park.
Alexis Dessaint
Alexis Dessaint (July 16, 1847 – December 18, 1890) was a lawyer and political figure in Quebec. He represented Kamouraska in the House of Commons of Canada from 1887 to 1890 as a Liberal member.

He was born in Kamouraska, Canada East, the son of Pierre Dessaint and Anastasie Martin. Dessaint was educated at Saint-Anne-de-la-Pocatière, Trois-Rivières, the Université Laval and Victoria University and was called to the Quebec bar in 1869. In 1873, he married Marie Blanche Henrietta Paradis. He was mayor of Kamouraska for several years and served as major in the local militia. He was also a commissioner in the Superior Court for Kamaraska. Dessaint died in office at the age of 43. He was one of five people killed in a train accident on the Intercolonial Railway at Lauzon, Quebec.

Lévis
Lévis (French pronunciation: [levi] ⓘ) is a city in eastern Quebec, Canada, located on the south shore of the St. Lawrence River, opposite Quebec City. A ferry links Old Quebec with Old Lévis, and two bridges, the Quebec Bridge and the Pierre-Laporte Bridge, connect western Lévis with Quebec City.

The population in 2021 was 149,683. Its current incarnation was founded on January 1, 2002, as the result of a merger among ten cities, including the older city of Lévis founded in 1861.

Lévis is also the name of a territory equivalent to a regional county municipality (TE) and census division (CD) of Quebec, coextensive with the city of Lévis. Its geographical code is 25 as a census division, and 251 as an RCM-equivalent territory.
Jammu
Jammu (/ˈdʒʌmuː/) is a city in Indian-administered  Jammu and Kashmir in the Jammu region. It is the winter capital of the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir.  It is the headquarters and the largest city in Jammu district. Lying on the banks of the river Tawi, the city of Jammu, with an area of 240 km2 (93 sq mi), is surrounded by the Himalayas in the north and the northern plains in the south. Jammu is the second-most populous city of the union territory. Jammu is known as "City of Temples" for its ancient temples and Hindu shrines.

Summer capital
A summer capital is a city used as an administrative capital during extended periods of particularly hot summer weather. The term is mostly of relevance in historical contexts of political systems with ruling classes that would migrate to a summer capital, making it less prevalent in modern times. The ubiquity of air conditioning systems also reduces the imperative to periodically relocate to summer capitals.
7th Hussars (Canada)
The 7th Hussars was a light cavalry regiment of the Non-Permanent Active Militia of the Canadian Militia (now the Canadian Army). First raised in 1867 as an infantry regiment in the Eastern Townships of Quebec, in 1903 the regiment was converted to cavalry. In 1936, the 7th Hussars were amalgamated with the 11th Hussars to form the 7th/11th Hussars (now The Sherbrooke Hussars).

Eastern Townships
45°28′53″N 71°40′04″W﻿ / ﻿45.4814°N 71.6678°W﻿ / 45.4814; -71.6678

The Eastern Townships (French: Cantons de l'Est, pronounced [kɑ̃tɔ̃ də lɛst]) is a historical administrative region in southeastern Quebec, Canada. It lies between the St. Lawrence Lowlands and the American border, and extends from Granby in the southwest to Drummondville in the northeast. Its largest city is Sherbrooke. Since 1987, most of the area is within the administrative region of Estrie, which covers nearly 12,500 km² and is composed of eight regional county municipalities (MRCs) along with the city of Sherbrooke. With the exception of its eastern portion around Lake Mégantic and the upper Chaudière River, the region largely corresponds to the middle and upper basin of the Saint-François River, fed by major lakes such as Lake Memphrémagog, Lake Magog, Lake Massawippi, Lake Aylmer, and Grand Lake Saint-François.
Banasura Hill
Banasura Hill is situated in Padinjarathara and it is one of the tallest mountains in the Western Ghats of the Wayanad district, Kerala, India. The hill is named after Banasura, a mythical character of Indian legends. It is one of the highest peaks exceeding 2,000m between Nilgiris and Himalayas after Chembra Peak.

Banasura
Bana, also referred to as Banasura (Sanskrit: बाणासुर, romanized: Bāṇāsura), is an asura king in Hindu mythology, ruling from the city of Śoṇitapura. He is described to be the son of Mahabali. His tale of battling Krishna is described in the Bhagavata Purana.
Mark Crislip
Mark Alden Crislip (born April 25, 1957) is an infectious disease doctor in Portland, Oregon and former chief of infectious diseases at Legacy Health hospital system. Crislip has generated three podcasts, QuackCast, PusCast, and Gobbet o' Pus. A writer for medicine-related blogs, he has compiled his blog posts into several books. He co-founded the Society for Science-Based Medicine and served as president from 2013 to 2019.

Legacy Health
Legacy Health is a non-profit hospital system located in Portland, Oregon, United States. It consists of six primary-care hospitals, a children's hospital, and allied clinics and outpatient facilities. The system employs about 14,000 staff members, and is the second-largest system in the Portland metro area, after Providence Health & Services.
Považský hrad
Považský hrad (other names: Hrad Bystrica, Bystrický hrad, Vágbeszterce vára, Waagburg, Bistrizza, Bestruche castrum) is a ruin of medieval castle on the right side of the river Váh, near Považská Bystrica in Slovakia. It is thought to be the essential part of silhouette of Považie and Upper Váh region especially. It is built on a cliff 497 meters above sea level. It was one of the most important castles guarding the valley of the river Váh. At the peak of its fame it was home of around 400 people. It is famously known as an "eagles nest" of the important Hungarian noble family of the Podmanitzky.

Veszprém
Veszprém (Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈvɛspreːm]; German: Weißbrünn, Czech: Bezpřím, Slovak: Bezprím, Slovene: Belomost) is one of the oldest urban areas in Hungary, and a city with county rights. It lies approximately 15 km (9 mi) north of the Lake Balaton. It is the administrative center of the county of the same name.
Linton Rural District
52°06′N 0°17′E﻿ / ﻿52.10°N 0.28°E﻿ / 52.10; 0.28
Linton was a rural district in Cambridgeshire, England, from 1894 to 1934.

It was formed in 1894 under the Local Government Act 1894, covering the area of the previous Linton rural sanitary district, save for the Essex parish of Bartlow End, which was placed in the Saffron Walden Rural District.
It included the parishes of Babraham, Balsham, Bartlow, Carlton, Castle Camps, Duxford, Great Abington, Hildersham, Hinxton, Horseheath, Ickleton, Linton, Little Abington, Pampisford, Sawston, Shudy Camps, West Wickham, West Wratting, Weston Colville, and Whittlesford.

In 1934 under a County Review Order, it was abolished, and its area merged with other districts to form the South Cambridgeshire Rural District.

Shudy Camps
Shudy Camps is a village in the south-east corner of Cambridgeshire, England, near the border of Essex and Suffolk, and is part of the Chilford Hundred. In 2001, according to the census, the population was 310, increasing to 338 at the 2011 Census.   The area of the village is 951 hectares (2,350 acres). It includes the nearby hamlet of Mill Green, a main street, Blacksmith's Lane and Parkway.

The highest point in the parish is 383' ASL at Mill Green.
Mary Aldred
Mary Aldred (born 9 March 1983) is an Australian politician from the Liberal Party. She is a member of the Australian Parliament for the Division of Monash after winning the seat in the 2025 Australian federal election. On 12 November 2023, Aldred beat Russell Broadbent for the Liberal preselection.  She went on to defeat Broadbent and the Labor candidate to retain Monash for the Liberals at the 2025 federal election. Aldred endorsed Sussan Ley in the 2025 Liberal Party of Australia leadership election.

Aldred was the founding CEO of the Committee for Gippsland and has been CEO of the Franchise Council of Australia.

Division of Monash
The Division of Monash is an Australian Electoral Division in the state of Victoria, which was contested for the first time at the 2019 federal election.

The division is located in western Gippsland including Phillip Island, and extends for the length of Victoria's eastern Bass Strait coastline. As of 2025, it covers the entire local government areas of Bass Coast Shire and South Gippsland Shire, the majority of Shire of Baw Baw, and a portion of City of Latrobe. It is the southernmost Electoral Division in continental Australia.