hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Joseph Molony
Sir Joseph Thomas Molony, KCVO, QC (8 December 1907 – 28 May 1978) was a British barrister. He was Attorney-General to the Duchy of Cornwall from 1960 to 1969, Recorder of Bristol from 1964 to 1971, and Chairman of the General Council of the Bar from 1963 to 1966.

The second son of Sir Thomas Molony, Bt., last Chief Justice of Ireland, Joseph Molony was educated at Downside School and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he was a senior scholar and graduated MA and LLM in 1933. He was called to the bar in 1930 by the Inner Temple, receiving a Certificate of Honour, and was a Barstow Scholar and a Yarborough-Anderson Scholar. During the Second World War, he served in the Royal Air Force from 1940 to 1945 as a squadron leader. He was appointed a Queen's Counsel in 1955 and was Leader of the Western Circuit from 1964 to 1975.

He was the chairman of the Committee on Consumer Protection, known as the Molony Committee, which led to the creation of the Consumer Council.

Downside School
Downside School (formally The College of St Gregory the Great, Downside but simply referred to as Downside) is a Catholic public school, for pupils aged 11–18 in Stratton-on-the-Fosse, Somerset, England. It was established in 1614 and is located in the Diocese of Clifton.

Originally a school for English Catholic boys, it was established by English and Welsh monks living in exile at Douai, France. The monastic community returned to England in 1795, with both the community and its school initially housed in the Shropshire home of Sir Edward Smythe, a former pupil. By 1814, the abbey and school had been re-established at their present site, in Somerset. Downside School became fully co-educational in all year groups in 2005.
Guido De Philippis
Guido De Philippis (born August 16, 1985 at Fiesole) is an Italian mathematician. He works on the calculus of variations, partial differential equations and geometric measure theory.

In 2016, he was awarded the EMS Prize, "for his outstanding contributions to the regularity of solutions of Monge–Ampère equation and optimal maps and for his deep work on quantitative stability inequalities for the first eigenvalue of the Laplacian and rigidity in some isoperimetric type inequalities.". In 2018 he was awarded the Stampacchia Medal. In 2021, he received the ISAAC award.

De Philippis was a PhD student of Luigi Ambrosio and Luis Caffarelli.

Geometric measure theory
In mathematics, geometric measure theory (GMT) is the study of geometric properties of sets (typically in Euclidean space) through measure theory. It allows mathematicians to extend tools from differential geometry to a much larger class of surfaces that are not necessarily smooth.
NZR FM guards van
The New Zealand FM guards van is a rail vehicle on New Zealand's national rail network by KiwiRail and a number of other operators. Originally used on freight trains, they are now used primarily on passenger trains, reclassified AG, and some maintenance of way trains. Built in two batches by Mitsubishi (1977) and Daewoo (1981), they were the last order of guards vans made by NZR before all guards vans were withdrawn from freight trains in 1987.

Mainline Steam Heritage Trust
The Mainline Steam Heritage Trust is a New Zealand charitable trust devoted to the restoration and operation of historic New Zealand Railways and overseas mainline steam locomotives. Regular day excursions and multi-day tours are operated over rail lines throughout New Zealand. Excursions are operated by the Auckland, Wellington and Christchurch branches.
Josefin Olsson
Josefin Anna Louise Olsson (born 23 August 1989) is a Swedish sailor primarily focusing on single-handed dinghies, who won a silver medal in the Laser Radial event at the 2020 Summer Olympics and also holds a silver medal from the Laser Radial World Championship and a World champion title from the Europe class.

Europe (dinghy)
The Europe is a one-person dinghy designed in Belgium in 1960 by Alois Roland as a class legal Moth dinghy. The design later changed into its own one-design class.

The dinghy is ideal for sailors weighing 50–85 kilos. The hull is made of fibre glass and weighs 45 kg, fully rigged 60 kg. The dinghy is tapering in the stem and round in the bottom. The sail is made of dacron. The mast is made of carbon fibre and specially designed to the sailor. A soft mast is best for light sailors, while heavier sailors use stiffer masts. Sails are also specially designed according to mast stiffness and crew weight.

The Europe was introduced as an Olympic class in the 1992 Summer Olympics as the women's single-handed dinghy. It was replaced by the Laser Radial in the 2008 Summer Olympics.

Since 2008 the Europe is one of the Vintage Yachting Classes at the Vintage Yachting Games.
Plateau Point
Plateau Point is a 3,789 ft cliff-elevation point in the Grand Canyon, Coconino County of northern Arizona, United States. It is about 3.0 miles north-northeast of Grand Canyon Village, and about 2.0 miles north of Grandeur and Yavapai Points, and below the South Rim. Plateau Point, (about 1600 ft above the Colorado River), overlooks the outfall intersection of Garden Creek Canyon, and Pipe Creek Canyon, intersecting from the southeast from Mather and Yaki Points. The point is on the Tonto Platform, and is accessed by the short Plateau Point Trail, from the Tonto Trail, which crosses the west of the Plateau Point platform.

Plateau Point sits on the cliff-former (and platform-former) Tapeats Sandstone, which borders the northwest of Garden Creek Canyon (lower canyon), as well as the northeast. The Tapeats Sandstone sits on rocks of the Great Unconformity, the 1,000 my layer of missing rock and time.

Great Unconformity
The Great Unconformity is the unconformity observed by John Wesley Powell in the Grand Canyon in 1869. It is an exceptional example of relatively young sedimentary rock strata overlying much older sedimentary or crystalline strata. The intervening period of geologic time is sufficiently long to raise the earlier rock into mountains which are then eroded away.
Futures of American Studies
The Futures of American Studies was a weeklong academic summer institute dedicated to presenting new work and critiquing the field of American Studies held at Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire. The first Futures of American Studies Institute was held in the summer of 1997. Donald E. Pease, Professor of English at Dartmouth College, founded, organized, and directed the annual Institute.

Hanover, New Hampshire
Hanover is a town located along the Connecticut River in Grafton County, New Hampshire, United States. As of the 2020 census, its population was 11,870. The town is home to the Ivy League university  Dartmouth College, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, and Hanover High School. The Appalachian Trail crosses the town, connecting with a number of trails and nature preserves.

Most of the population resides in the Hanover census-designated place (CDP)—the main village of the town. Located at the junctions of New Hampshire routes 10, 10A, and 120, the Hanover CDP recorded a population of 9,078 people at the 2020 census. The town is part of the Lebanon–Claremont micropolitan area and also contains the smaller villages of Etna and Hanover Center.
Vysotsk, Rivne Oblast
Vysotsk (Ukrainian: Висоцьк; Polish: Wysock) is a village in western Ukraine, in Sarny Raion of Rivne Oblast, but was formerly administered within Dubrovytsia Raion. As of the year 2001, the community had 2235 residents. The postal code is 34111, and the KOATUU code is 5621882001.

Sarny Raion
Sarny Raion (Ukrainian: Сарненський район) is a raion in Rivne Oblast in western Ukraine. Its administrative center is the town of Sarny. Population: 212,212 (2022 estimate).

On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Rivne Oblast was reduced to four, and the area of Sarny Raion was significantly expanded. The January 2020 estimate of the raion population was 104,037 (2020 est.).
2019 Kangaroo Cup
The 2019 Kangaroo Cup was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the twenty-fourth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2019 ITF Women's World Tennis Tour. It took place in Gifu, Japan between 29 April and 5 May 2019.

Gifu
Gifu (岐阜市, Gifu-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [ɡʲi.ɸɯ, ɡʲi.ɸɯ̥ꜜ.ɕi]) is a city located in the south-central portion of Gifu Prefecture, Japan, and serves as the prefectural capital. The city has played an important strategic role in Japan's history because of its location in the middle of the country. During the Sengoku period, various warlords used the area as a base in their efforts to unify and control Japan. Among them, Oda Nobunaga, who gave the region the name it is known by today. Gifu continued to flourish even after Japan's unification as both an important shukuba along the Edo period Nakasendō and, later, as one of Japan's fashion centers. It has been designated a core city by the national government. The city is a part of the Chūkyō metropolitan area, centered around Nagoya.
William R. Merz
William Rhode Merz (born March 10, 1963) is a retired United States Navy vice admiral who last served as deputy chief of naval operations for operations, plans and strategy from August 6, 2021 to October 7, 2022.	He previously served as commander of U. S. Seventh Fleet from 2019 to 2021.

Merz's aboard assignments include USS Blue Ridge (LCC-19), "Submarine Group Seven" and Task Force 74. As a flag officer, he was assigned to commands at naval mine destroyer ships and anti-submarine warfare command. Later, he was appointed to Task Force 77 stationed at San Diego and TF-54 in Bahrain.

Task Force 74
Task Force 74 was a naval task force that has existed twice. The first Task Force 74 was a mixed Allied force of Royal Navy, Royal Australian Navy, and United States Navy ships which operated against Japanese forces from 1943 to 1945 during the Pacific campaign. The second Task Force 74 was assembled from the U.S. Navy's Seventh Fleet that was deployed to the Bay of Bengal by the Nixon administration in December 1971 during the Indo-Pakistani War.
The fleet was sent to intimidate Indian forces at the height of the conflict. The Soviet Union, which was actively backing Indian actions both politically and militarily during the war responded by deploying two groups of cruisers and destroyers as well as a submarine armed with nuclear warheads in response to the American military presence in the area. From 18 December 1971 to 7 January 1972, the Soviet Navy trailed the American fleet throughout the Indian Ocean. The task force number is now used by the U.S. Seventh Fleet's submarine force.
National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research
The National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs, pronounced as "N C 3 Rs") is a British organization with the goal of reducing the number of animals used in scientific research. It is named after the three Rs principles, first described in 1959, for reducing the scale and impact of animal research. It was established in 2004 after the publication of a 2002 House of Lords select committee report on Animals In Scientific Procedures As of 2021, the chief executive of NC3Rs is Dr Vicky Robinson, who was appointed CBE in the 2015 Birthday Honours "For services to Science and Animal Welfare".

2015 Birthday Honours
The 2015 Queen's Birthday Honours were appointments by some of the 16 Commonwealth realms of Queen Elizabeth II to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries. The Birthday Honours were awarded as part of the Queen's Official Birthday celebrations during the month of June. The Queen's Birthday Honours were announced on 1 June 2015 in New Zealand, on 8 June in Australia, and on 12 June in the United Kingdom, in Grenada, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia and Belize.

The recipients of honours are displayed as they were styled before their new honour. They are arranged by the country (in order of precedence) whose ministers advised the Queen on the appointments, then by honour with grades, i.e. Knight/Dame Grand Cross, Knight/Dame Commander etc., and then by divisions, i.e. Civil, Diplomatic and Military as appropriate.
Vazirovs
Vazirovs or Vezirovs (Azerbaijani: Vəzirovlar) are an Azerbaijani noble family from Karabakh and a part of Javanshir clan. Vazirov or Vezirov is a Russified version of the word vizier. First person to adopt the surname was Azerbaijani historian and later Imperial Russian army officer Mirza Jamal Javanshir, who was a vizier of Ibrahim Khalil Khan and Mehdigulu Khan of Karabakh.

Mehdi Qoli Khan Javanshir
Mehdi Qoli Khan Javanshir (Persian: مهدیقلی خان جوانشیر, romanized: Mehdīqolī Xān Javānšīr; Azerbaijani: مهدیقلی خان جوانشیر, romanized: Mehdīqulī Xān Cavānşīr; 1763 or 1772–1845) was the last Khan of the Karabakh Khanate, functioning as its head from 1806 to 1822. His only known issue was Khurshidbanu Natavan, a famous Azerbaijani poet.
Joe Holland (baseball)
Joseph Gordon Holland (December 8, 1884 – December 8, 1955) was a college football and baseball player as well as baseball coach. He coached at his alma mater Clemson College in 1910, leading the Clemson Tigers baseball team to a 10–11 record. Holland was an All-Southern fullback for the football team in 1904, selected such by former Clemson coach John Heisman, during a year in which he was a sophomore captain. He missed both extra points against Georgia. Holland also played 7 seasons of minor league baseball, including 69 games for the San Francisco Seals of the Pacific Coast League in 1911.

Clemson Tigers baseball
The Clemson Tigers baseball team represents Clemson University in NCAA Division I college baseball. The team participates in the Atlantic Division of the Atlantic Coast Conference.  The Tigers are currently coached by head coach Erik Bakich and play their home games in Doug Kingsmore Stadium. The program has reached the NCAA tournament in all but three seasons dating back to 1987. Clemson has made 12 appearances in the College World Series with an all-time record of 12–24 in Omaha.

The team has a heated in-state rivalry with the University of South Carolina. Mark Etheridge of SEBaseball.com has called it "college baseball's most heated rivalry," and Aaron Fitt of Baseball America has called it "far and away the most compelling rivalry college baseball has to offer." As of March 2, 2025, The Clemson Tigers lead the all-time series 191-145-2.
Investigaciones Geográficas
Investigaciones Geográficas: Boletín del Instituto de Geografía) is a peer-reviewed academic journal dealing with geography. Its scope includes society, the environment, cultural aspects and empiracal as well a theoretical contributions. It is indexed in Scopus, CONACYT, Geographical Abstracts, Periódica, Current, Geographical Publications, GeoDados, Elsevier Biobase, Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts, Redalyc, Latindex and SciELO. It is a quarterly journal published for the first time in 2019. In 2019 it published its 100th issue.

It is published in Mexico City by the Institute of Geography of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM).

Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts
Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts is an abstracting and indexing service covering aquatic science and its subfields. It is maintained by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations. It replaced the previous Current Bibliography for Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries (FAO) and Aquatic Biology Abstracts.
Ada Express
The Ada Express (Turkish: Ada Ekspresi) is a limited stop regional train service operating between Gebze, Kocaeli and Sakarya. It was inaugurated on 5 January 2015 as a replacement for the popular Adapazarı Express train service. However, unlike its predecessor, the Ada Express  does not make local stops and run as often and it does not operate into central Adapazarı. Trains mostly consist of TVS2000 cars and use E68000 series locomotives for motive power. Turkey's National Electric Train has also been in use on the Ada Express since May 27, 2023.

TCDD E68000
TCDD E68000 (stylised as E 68 000 on painted registration numbers) is a series of electric locomotives used by the Turkish State Railways. The locomotives have a power output of 5,000 kW and are capable of 140 km/h (87 mph) speed.
Estefanía Realpe
Estefanía Realpe (born May 16, 1989 in Quito, Ecuador) is a model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Earth Ecuador 2012 and was dethroned a fews days before to compete at Miss Earth 2012.

She was born in Quito, Realpe speaks Spanish and English.

Estefanía, who stands 1.74 m (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) tall, competed as a representative of Pichincha, one of the 18 contestants in her country's national beauty pageant, Miss Ecuador 2012, broadcast live on March 16, 2012 from La Libertad, where she was unplaced. Realpe was designed as Miss Earth Ecuador 2013 by the national director, José Hidalgo, on August 29, 2012, however, to enable her to compete in Miss Earth 2012, she was dethroned.

She is the first woman who competed at the three major beauty pageants in Ecuador: Miss Ecuador in 2012, Miss Earth Ecuador in 2012, and Miss World Ecuador in 2014.

Miss Ecuador
Miss Ecuador is a national beauty pageant in Ecuador. The current Miss Ecuador is Eunice Rivadeneira from Guayas. She won the title on 17 August 2024, and will represent Ecuador at Miss International 2025.
Syesha Mercado
Syesha Raquel Mercado (born January 2, 1987) is an American singer-songwriter, actress, and model. Mercado placed third during the seventh season of American Idol. Prior to American Idol, Mercado was on The One: Making a Music Star and she won Florida Super Singer. Her musical influences are Whitney Houston, Etta James, Alicia Keys, Zap Mama, Lauryn Hill, and Aretha Franklin.

Mercado played Deena Jones in the United States national tour of Dreamgirls that also opened internationally in Japan. The tour began at the Apollo Theater on November 7, 2009.

The One: Making a Music Star
The One: Making a Music Star is an American reality television series that aired in July 2006 on ABC in the United States, and CBC Television in Canada. The show was hosted by George Stroumboulopoulos, the host of CBC's The Hour. It was advertised as being superior to American Idol and Rock Star with the twist that contestants "live together in a fully functioning music academy", with their actions documented similar to the Big Brother format.

Reportedly one of the most expensive summer series in the history of the ABC network, its first episode, on July 18, 2006, scored the lowest audience for a premiere episode on a major American television network at that time. Subsequent episodes had even fewer viewers. The series was cancelled after two weeks (four episodes) with the final results undecided on July 27, 2006. The show's website proclaimed "there are no plans for additional episodes".
Organization of Turkic States
The Organization of Turkic States (OTS), formerly called the Turkic Council or the Cooperation Council of Turkic Speaking States, is an intergovernmental organization comprising all but one of the internationally recognized Turkic sovereign states: Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkey, and Uzbekistan; while Hungary, Turkmenistan and Northern Cyprus are observers. Its overarching aim is promoting comprehensive cooperation among the Turkic peoples. First proposed by Kazakh president Nursultan Nazarbayev in 2006, it was founded on 3 October 2009 in Azerbaijan's Nakhchivan. The General Secretariat is located in Turkey's Istanbul.

In addition to Turkmenistan, the organization has also admitted Hungary and the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus as observers, although the latter is only recognized by Turkey.

During the 8th summit in Istanbul in 2021, the organization was restructured and adopted its current name.

Nakhchivan (city)
Nakhchivan (Azerbaijani: Naxçıvan Azerbaijani pronunciation: [nɑxtʃɯˈvɑn]; Armenian: Նախիջևան, romanized: Nakhijevan) is the capital and largest city of the eponymous Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, a true exclave of Azerbaijan, located 450 km (280 mi) west of Baku. The municipality of Nakhchivan consists of the city of Nakhchivan, the settlement of Əliabad and the villages of Başbaşı, Bulqan, Haciniyyət, Qaraçuq, Qaraxanbəyli, Tumbul, Qarağalıq, and Daşduz. It is spread over the foothills of Zangezur Mountains, on the right bank of the Nakhchivan River at an altitude of 873 m (2,864 ft) above sea level.
Jovan Lazarević
Jovan Lazarević (Serbian: Јован Лазаревић; born 3 May 1952) is a retired shot putter who represented SFR Yugoslavia.

He won the bronze medal at the 1982 European Indoor Championships, the gold medal at the 1983 Mediterranean Games and the silver medal at the 1987 Mediterranean Games. and finished sixth at the 1984 European Indoor Championships. He became Balkan champion in 1981. He became Yugoslav shot put champion in 1982, 1983, 1987 and 1988.

His personal best throw was 20.54 metres, achieved in July 1990 in Minsk. His former coach was Nikola Tomasović.

1983 Mediterranean Games
The IX Mediterranean Games (Arabic: ألعاب البحر الأبيض المتوسط 1983), commonly known as the 1983 Mediterranean Games, were the 9th Mediterranean Games. The Games were held in Casablanca, Morocco, from 3 to 17 September 1983, where 2,192 athletes (1,845 men and 347 women) from 16 countries participated. There were a total of 162 medal events from 20 different sports.
EuroWordNet
EuroWordNet is a system of semantic networks for European languages, based on WordNet. Each language develops its own wordnet but they are interconnected with interlingual links stored in the Interlingual Index (ILI).

Unlike the original Princeton WordNet, most of the other wordnets are not freely available.

Semantic network
A semantic network, or frame network is a knowledge base that represents semantic relations between concepts in a network. This is often used as a form of knowledge representation. It is a directed or undirected graph consisting of vertices, which represent concepts, and edges, which represent semantic relations between concepts, mapping or connecting semantic fields. A semantic network may be instantiated as, for example, a graph database or a concept map. Typical standardized semantic networks are expressed as semantic triples.

Semantic networks are used in natural language processing applications such as semantic parsing and word-sense disambiguation. Semantic networks can also be used as a method to analyze large texts and identify the main themes and topics (e.g., of social media posts), to reveal biases (e.g., in news coverage), or even to map an entire research field.
Oligopeptide
An oligopeptide (oligo-, "a few"), is a peptide consisting of two to twenty amino acids, including dipeptides, tripeptides, tetrapeptides, and other polypeptides. Some of the major classes of naturally occurring oligopeptides include aeruginosins, cyanopeptolins, microcystins, microviridins, microginins, anabaenopeptins, and cyclamides. Microcystins are best studied because of their potential toxicity impact in drinking water. A review of some oligopeptides found that the largest class are the cyanopeptolins (40.1%), followed by microcystins (13.4%).

Microcystin
Microcystins—or cyanoginosins—are a class of cyanotoxins, which are toxins produced by cyanobacteria, sometimes known as blue-green algae. Over 250 different microcystins have been discovered so far, of which microcystin-LR is the most common. Chemically they are cyclic heptapeptides produced through nonribosomal peptide synthases.

Cyanobacteria can produce microcystins in large quantities during algal blooms which then pose a major threat to drinking and irrigation water supplies, and the environment at large.