hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Radermachera
Radermachera is a genus of about 17 species of flowering plants in the family Bignoniaceae, native to southeastern Asia. They are evergreen trees reaching 5–40 m tall, with bipinnate to tripinnate leaves, and panicles of large bell-shaped, white, pink, pale purple or yellow flowers 5–7 cm diameter.

The genus is named after Jacob Cornelis Matthieu Radermacher, the 18th century Dutch naturalist who cataloged much of the flora of Java and Sumatra.

Radermachera sinica
Radermachera sinica, also called the china doll, serpent tree or emerald tree, is an evergreen tree in the family Bignoniaceae, native to the subtropical mountain regions of southern China and Taiwan.

In recent years, this plant has become popular as a houseplant for its attractive and glossy, feathery leaves. The specific name sinica means "from China".
Cities along the Silk Road
The Silk Road was an ancient network of trade routes that connected many communities of Eurasia(Europe and Asia) by land and sea, stretching from the Mediterranean basin in the west to the Korean peninsula and the Japanese archipelago in the east.

Its main eastern end was in the Chinese city of Chang'an (modern-day Xi'an, China) and its main western end was in the Greek city of Antioch (modern-day Antakya, Turkey). It came into existence in the 2nd century BCE, when Emperor Wu of the Han dynasty was in power, and lasted until the 15th century CE, when the Ottoman Empire blocked off all the trade routes with Europe after it captured Constantinople and thereby conquered the Byzantine Empire.

This article lists the cities along the Silk Road, sorted by region and the modern-day countries in which they are located.

Cattigara
Cattigara is the name of a major port city located on the Magnus Sinus described by various ancient sources. Some modern scholars have linked Cattigara to the archaeological site of Óc Eo in present-day Vietnam.
Retiro railway station
Retiro is a railway station complex in Buenos Aires, Argentina, that includes three main terminal train stations (Retiro-Mitre, Retiro-Belgrano and Retiro-San Martín) and the Retiro underground station complex.

The complex is named after the neighborhood where it is located, Retiro. It is close to Retiro Bus Terminal Station, the country's biggest bus terminal, and the Port of Buenos Aires.

Retiro San Martín railway station
Retiro-San Martín, or simply Retiro, is one of the six large mainline railway station termini in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Located in the neighborhood of Retiro, it serves as terminal station for the San Martín Line that runs local trains to the northwestern suburbs of the Buenos Aires metropolitan area. It also functions as terminal station for the national train General San Martín Railway.
Boaz and Ruth (paintings)
Boaz and Ruth are a pair of paintings by Rembrandt dated to 1643 and thought to represent the painter and his wife as the biblical characters Boaz and Ruth.

Ruth is in the possession of the Berlin Gemäldegalerie. Boaz, however, is in the collection at Woburn Abbey where it was hung high on a wall and only identified as a Rembrandt in 2012.

Gemäldegalerie, Berlin
The Gemäldegalerie (German pronunciation: [ɡəˈmɛːldəɡaləˌʁiː], lit. 'Painting Gallery') is an art museum in Berlin, Germany, and the museum where the main selection of paintings belonging to the Berlin State Museums (Staatliche Museen zu Berlin) is displayed.  It was first opened in 1830, and the current building was completed in 1998. It is located in the Kulturforum museum district west of Potsdamer Platz.

It holds one of the world's leading collections of European paintings from the 13th to the 18th centuries.  Its collection includes masterpieces from such artists as Albrecht Dürer, Lucas Cranach, Hans Holbein, Rogier van der Weyden, Jan van Eyck, Raphael, Botticelli, Titian, Caravaggio, Peter Paul Rubens, David Teniers the Younger, Rembrandt, Frans Hals, Johannes Vermeer, Thomas Gainsborough, Joshua Reynolds  and Antonio Viviani.
Beriev A-40
The Beriev A-40 Albatros (Russian: Бериева А-40 Альбатрос, romanized: Albatros, lit. 'Albatross', NATO reporting name: Mermaid) is a Soviet/Russian jet-powered amphibious flying boat designed by the Beriev Aircraft Company for an anti-submarine warfare role. Intended as a replacement for the amphibious turboprop Beriev Be-12 and the land-based Ilyushin Il-38, the project was suspended after only one prototype had been manufactured, with the second one 70% completed, due to the breakup of the Soviet Union. The project was later revived as the A-42 and an order has been placed by the Russian Navy, though as of 2023, no more has been said of this order, and no other customer has placed orders on the A-40; its successor design, the civilian Be-200, has been marketed more successful both domestically and in the international market.

Amphibious aircraft
An amphibious aircraft, or amphibian, is an aircraft that can take off and land on both solid ground and water. These aircraft are typically fixed-wing, though amphibious helicopters do exist as well. Fixed-wing amphibious aircraft are seaplanes (flying boats and floatplanes) which are equipped with retractable wheels, at the expense of extra weight and complexity, plus diminished range and fuel economy compared with planes designed specifically for land-only or water-only operation.
City Tales: Medieval Era
City Tales - Medieval Era is a medieval city-building game that allows players to shape vast cities beyond a traditional grid layout. The game emphasizes organic building systems and detailed mechanics. Players can manage resources, plan districts for their citizens' needs, and assist companions in their tales, creating a thriving medieval realm filled with life and hope.

The game was launched in early access on May 22, 2025. It is developed by a small French team, named IrregularShapes.

Early access
Early access, also known as alpha access, alpha founding, paid alpha, or game preview, is a funding model in the video game industry by which consumers can play a game in the various pre-release development cycles, such as pre-alpha, alpha, and/or beta, while the developer is able to use those funds to continue further development on the game. Those that pay to participate typically help to debug the game, provide feedback and suggestions, and may have access to special materials in the game. The early-access approach is a common way to obtain funding for indie games, and may also be used along with other funding mechanisms, including crowdfunding. Many crowdfunding projects promise to offer access to alpha and/or beta versions of the game as development progresses; however, unlike some of these projects which solicit funds but do not yet have a playable game, all early access games offer an immediately playable version of the unfinished game to players.
Conservation of South Asian household shrines
The Conservation of South Asian household shrines is an activity dedicated to the preservation of household shrines from South Asia. When applied to cultural heritage, held by either museums or private collectors, this activity is generally undertaken by a conservator-restorer. South Asian shrines held in museum collections around the world are principally shrines relate to Hindu, Jain, or Buddhist households. Due to their original use and sacred nature, these shrines present unique conservation and restoration challenges for those tasked with their care.

Conservator-restorer
A conservator-restorer is a professional responsible for the preservation of artistic and cultural artifacts, also known as cultural heritage. Conservators possess the expertise to preserve cultural heritage in a way that retains the integrity of the object, building or site, including its historical significance, context and aesthetic or visual aspects. This kind of preservation is done by analyzing and assessing the condition of cultural property, understanding processes and evidence of deterioration, planning collections care or site management strategies that prevent damage, carrying out conservation treatments, and conducting research. A conservator's job is to ensure that the objects in a museum's collection are kept in the best possible condition, as well as to serve the museum's mission to bring art before the public.
Mademoiselle (title)
Mademoiselle (pronounced [madmwazɛl] ⓘ) or demoiselle (pronounced [dəmwazɛl] ⓘ) was a French courtesy title, abbreviated Mlle or Dlle, traditionally given to an unmarried woman. The equivalent in English is "Miss". The courtesy title "Madame" is accorded women where their marital status is unknown.

From around 1970 onwards, the use of the title Mademoiselle was challenged in France, particularly by feminist groups who wanted it banned. A circular from François Fillon, then Prime Minister, dated 21 February 2012, called for the deletion of the word in all official documents. On 26 December 2012, the Council of State approved the deletion.

Madam
Madam (/ˈmædəm/), or madame (/ˈmædəm/ or /məˈdɑːm/), is a polite or impolite form of address for women in the English language, often contracted to ma'am (pronounced /ˈmæm/ in American English and this way but also /ˈmɑːm/ in British English). The term derives from the French madame, from "ma dame" meaning "my lady". In French, the abbreviation is "Mme" or "Mme" and the plural is mesdames (abbreviated "Mmes" or "Mmes"). These terms ultimately derive from the Latin domina, meaning "mistress".
D100 road
D100 is a state road in Croatia connecting Porozina ferry port - ferry access to Brestova on the mainland (via Jadrolinija) (D402) and D101 state road to Cres and Mali Lošinj. The D100 road is carried between Cres and Lošinj islands via a swing bridge in Osor across a 12 m (39 ft) wide strait. The road is 81.0 km long.

The road, as well as all other state roads in Croatia, is managed and maintained by Hrvatske ceste, a state-owned company.

Porozina
Porozina (Italian: Faresina) is a small port village in Croatia, located on the northwest coast of Cres. Administratively, it is part of the town of Cres. As of 2021, it had a population of 28. It is connected by ferry to Brestova (Kršan municipality) on the Istria mainland.

The old town is situated upon a hillock above the port, and in the last two decades, a new holiday neighbourhood has been built.
2014 FFA Cup preliminary rounds
The 2014 FFA Cup preliminary rounds were a series of state-based knockout competitions, providing a qualification pathway for the 2014 FFA Cup (now known as the Australia Cup), the Australian soccer knockout cup competition.

The majority of clubs entered the tournament through their respective state federations, in which they competed in a state-based cup tournament to progress to the overall Round of 32 of the competition. A total of 22 teams will qualify from these qualifying competitions, joining the  10 A-League clubs in the Round of 32.

Football NSW League
The Football NSW League is an Australian soccer league based in New South Wales that was founded in 2022 and administered by Football NSW. It consists of two divisions that were named after the Football NSW League's breakaway of the National Premier Leagues NSW second and third divisions (and formerly fourth division) that ran in the NPL NSW system from 2013 to 2021.
Amir Aliakbari
Amir Aliakbari (Persian: امير على‌اكبرى, born 11 December 1987) is an Iranian wrestler and mixed martial artist who he competes in the Heavyweight division. He has also competed for ONE Championship, Absolute Championship Berkut (ACB) and Rizin Fighting Federation.

Aliakbari is also a former gold medalist and world champion in Greco-Roman wrestling, winning gold medals at the 2010 World Wrestling Championships and 2009 Asian Wrestling Championships. International Wrestling Federation FILA (now United World Wrestling) banned Aliakbari from competing for life after a second doping offense.

Heavyweight (MMA)
The heavyweight division in mixed martial arts (MMA) generally includes fighters between 206–265 lb (93.4–120.2 kg).

Although many ambiguities exist within the lowerweight classes regarding division naming and weight limits, the heavyweight division is, for the most part, uniform.  The Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) and most other North American MMA organizations such as Bellator MMA, WSOF, and King of the Cage (KOTC) abide by this interpretation to their 206–265 lb athletes as heavyweights. ONE Championship's heavyweight division is at 226–265 lb. Pancrase's overweight division was 198.4–220.5 lb (90.0–100.0 kg) before being revised to its current 205–264.5 lb (93.0–120.0 kg).

The heavyweight upper weight limit, as defined by the Nevada State Athletic Commission and the Association of Boxing Commissions is 265 lb (120 kg).
Nanette Carter
Nanette Carolyn Carter, born January 30, 1954, in Columbus, Ohio, is an African-American artist and college educator living and working in New York City, best known for her collages with paper, canvas and Mylar (archival plastic sheets).

Daughter of Frances Hill Carter (January 13, 1920 – February 2, 2015) and Matthew G. Carter (October 16, 1913 – March 14, 2012), Nanette and her sister, Bettye Carter Freeman, grew up in Montclair, New Jersey, and graduated from Montclair High School. Her father served as the city's first African American Mayor (1968-1972), and her mother was an elementary school teacher who also taught dance, later becoming a reading specialist and Vice Principal in the Paterson Public Schools.

Leslie King-Hammond
Leslie King-Hammond (born 1944) is an American artist, curator and art historian who is the Founding Director of the Center for Race and Culture at the Maryland Institute College of Art, where she is also Graduate Dean Emeritus.
Miss South Africa 2021
Miss South Africa 2021 was the 63rd edition of the Miss South Africa pageant, held at the Grand West Arena in Cape Town, South Africa, on 16 October 2021.

Shudufhadzo Musida crowned Lalela Mswane as her successor at the end of the event. She went on to represent South Africa at Miss Universe 2021 and Miss Supranational 2022. She finished as second-runner up at Miss Universe 2021 and was later crowned as Miss Supranational 2022.

Miss South Africa 2018
Miss South Africa 2018 was the 60th edition of Miss South Africa pageant, held at the Sun Arena at Time Square in Pretoria, on May 27, 2018.

Adè van Heerden of Western Cape crowned Tamaryn Green as her successor at the end of the event. Green represented South Africa at Miss Universe 2018 where she placed as First Runner-up. Keyi represented South Africa at Miss World 2018, placing in the Top 30. For the first time, two separate delegates were selected to represent South Africa at Miss World and Miss Universe, but only one was crowned Miss South Africa.
Ma Xiang
Ma Xiang (died c. 188) was a self-declared Emperor of China, Yellow Turban rebel, warlord, and bandit leader who lived in the late 2nd century. Although operating after the main Yellow Turban Rebellion had been defeated, Ma proved highly successful in leading a large insurgency in the western Han Empire of China. At the peak of his power, he controlled most of the northern Yi Province before being defeated and killed by Han loyalist Jia Long.

Rafe de Crespigny
Richard Rafe Champion de Crespigny (born 1936), also known by his Chinese name Zhang Leifu (Chinese: 張磊夫), is an Australian sinologist and historian. He is an honorary professor in the College of Asia and the Pacific at the Australian National University. He specialises in the history, geography and literature of the Han dynasty, particularly the translation and historiography of material concerning the Han dynasty and the Three Kingdoms period.
PZL.49 Miś
The PZL.49 Miś (English: Little Bear) was a Polish twin-engined medium bomber design that remained only a project due to the outbreak of World War II. The PZL.49 was based on the contemporary PZL.37 Łoś and was to replace it at production lines at Państwowe Zakłady Lotnicze.

Bristol Hercules
The Bristol Hercules is a 14-cylinder two-row radial aircraft engine designed by Sir Roy Fedden and produced by the Bristol Engine Company starting in 1939. It was the most numerous of their single sleeve valve (Burt-McCollum, or Argyll, type) designs, powering many aircraft in the mid-World War II timeframe.

The Hercules powered a number of aircraft types, including Bristol's own Beaufighter heavy fighter design, although it was more commonly used on bombers. The Hercules also saw use in civilian designs, culminating in the 735 and 737 engines for such as the Handley Page Hastings C1 and C3 and Bristol Freighter. The design was also licensed for production in France by SNECMA.
Stoke Poges
Stoke Poges (/ˈstoʊkˈpoʊdʒɪz/) is a village and civil parish in south-east Buckinghamshire, England. It is centred 3 miles (5 km) north-north-east of Slough, its post town, and is 2 miles (3 km) southeast of Farnham Common. In 2021, it had a population of 5,067.

Edwin Landseer
Sir Edwin Henry Landseer RA (7 March 1802 – 1 October 1873) was an English painter and sculptor, well known for his paintings of animals – particularly horses, dogs, and stags. His best-known work is the lion sculptures at the base of Nelson's Column in Trafalgar Square.
Science and Technology Ethics Advisory Committee
The Science and Technology Ethics Advisory Committee (formerly Biometrics and Forensic Ethics Group and  National DNA Database Ethics Group) is a non-departmental public body that advises the government of the United Kingdom on the ethical issues regarding collection, use, and retention of biometric and forensic material and the use of large and complex data sets and projects using explainable data-driven technology. Professor Mark Watson-Gandy took over as the chairman of the body in 2019, replacing Christopher Hughes O.B.E. who held the position since 2009.

It was officially renamed the Science and Technology Ethics Advisory Committee in September 2025.

Non-departmental public body
In the United Kingdom, non-departmental public body (NDPB) is a classification applied by the Cabinet Office, Treasury, the Scottish Government, and the Northern Ireland Executive to public sector organisations that have a role in the process of national government but are not part of a government department. NDPBs carry out their work largely independently from ministers and are accountable to the public through Parliament; however, ministers are responsible for the independence, effectiveness, and efficiency of non-departmental public bodies in their portfolio.

The term includes the four types of NDPB (executive, advisory, tribunal, and independent monitoring boards) but excludes public corporations and public broadcasters (BBC, Channel 4, and S4C).
Mean Creek (band)
Mean Creek was a four-piece American rock band based in Boston, Massachusetts. Formed in 2006, the lineup consisted of Chris Keene (lead vocals, guitar), Aurore Ounjian (lead guitar, backing vocals), Mikey Holland (drums), and Kevin Macdonald (bass).

The band released four albums over the course of their career.

Boston Music Awards
Founded in 1987, the Boston Music Awards are a set of music awards given annually that showcase talent in the Boston, Massachusetts, area.

Past shows have featured such notable talent as Aerosmith, Paula Cole, Esperanza Spalding, Boston, Rubyhorse, Bang Camaro, the Dresden Dolls, Dropkick Murphys, JoJo, Killswitch Engage, Pat Metheny, Amanda Palmer, Phish, Donna Summer, Shea Rose, James Taylor and Jada.
Johannes Gelert
Johannes Sophus Gelert (1852–1923) was a Danish-born sculptor, who came to the United States in 1887 and during a span of more than thirty years produced numerous works of civic art in the Midwest and on the East Coast.

Tennessee Centennial and International Exposition
The Tennessee Centennial and International Exposition was an exposition held in Nashville from May 1 – October 31, 1897 in what is now Centennial Park.  A year late, it celebrated the 100th anniversary of Tennessee's entry into the union in 1796. President William McKinley officially opened the event from the White House, where he pressed a button that started the machinery building at the fair; he would visit in person a month later.
Mahasthangarh
Mahasthangarh is the earliest urban archaeological sites discovered thus far in Bangladesh. The village Mahasthan in Shibganj upazila of Bogra District contains the remains of an ancient city which was called Pundranagara or Paundravardhanapura in the territory of Pundravardhana. A limestone slab bearing six lines in Prakrit in Brahmi script recording a land grant, discovered in 1931, dates Mahasthangarh to at least the 3rd century BCE. It was an important city under the Maurya Empire. The fortified area of the city was in use until the 8th century CE.

Global Heritage Fund
Global Heritage Fund is a non-profit organization that operates internationally. 
Founded in California in 2002, its mission is to "transform local communities by investing in global heritage."

To date, it has partnered with over 100 public and private organizations at 28 sites across 19 countries, investing over $30 million and securing $25 million in co-funding to carry out heritage preservation and socio-economic development.
Quart
The quart (symbol: qt) is a unit of volume equal to a quarter of a gallon. Three kinds of quarts are currently used: the liquid quart and dry quart of the US customary system and the imperial quart of the British imperial system. All are roughly equal to one liter. It is divided into two pints or (in the US) four cups. Historically, the size of a quart has varied with the different values of gallons over time, and in the case of the dry quart, in reference to different commodities.

Unit of volume
A unit of volume is a unit of measurement for measuring volume or capacity, the extent of an object or space in three dimensions. Units of capacity may be used to specify the volume of fluids or bulk goods, for example water, rice, sugar, grain or flour.
John Evan Thomas
John Evan Thomas, FSA (15 January 1810 – 9 October 1873) was a Welsh sculptor, notable for many sculptures both in Wales and elsewhere in the UK, such as his portrait sculptures in London. He was especially notable for the Death of Tewdrig which was exhibited at the Great Exhibition of 1851, and for his two bronze statues of Henry de Loundres and William, Earl of Pembroke in the chamber of the House of Lords .

Y Gaer (cultural hub)
Y Gaer (English: the fortress) is a municipal structure in Glamorgan Street, Brecon, Powys, Wales.  The complex, which includes a museum, an art gallery and a library and incorporates a structure which was once the shire hall for Brecknockshire, is a Grade II* listed building.
Fuel dumping
Fuel dumping (or a fuel jettison) is a procedure used by aircraft in certain emergency situations before a return to the airport shortly after takeoff, or before landing short of the intended destination (emergency landing) to reduce the aircraft's weight.

Emergency landing
An emergency landing is a premature landing made by an aircraft in response to an emergency involving an imminent or ongoing threat to the safety and operation of the aircraft, or involving a sudden need for a passenger or crew on board to terminate the flight (such as a medical emergency). It typically involves a forced diversion to the nearest or most suitable airport or airbase, or an off airport landing or ditching if the flight cannot reach an airfield. Flights under air traffic control will be given priority over all other aircraft operations upon the declaration of the emergency.