hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Time Warp Edit Distance
In the data analysis of time series, Time Warp Edit Distance (TWED) is a measure of similarity (or dissimilarity) between pairs of discrete time series, controlling the relative distortion of the time units of the two series using the physical notion of elasticity. In comparison to other distance measures, (e.g. DTW (dynamic time warping) or  LCS (longest common subsequence problem)), TWED is a metric. Its computational time complexity is , but can be drastically reduced in some specific situations by using a corridor to reduce the search space. Its memory space complexity can be reduced to . It was first proposed in 2009 by P.-F. Marteau.

Similarity measure
In statistics and related fields, a similarity measure or similarity function or similarity metric is a real-valued function that quantifies the similarity between two objects. Although no single definition of a similarity exists, usually such measures are in some sense the inverse of distance metrics: they take on large values for similar objects and either zero or a negative value for very dissimilar objects. Though, in more broad terms, a similarity function may also satisfy metric axioms.

Cosine similarity is a commonly used similarity measure for real-valued vectors, used in (among other fields) information retrieval to score the similarity of documents in the vector space model. In machine learning, common kernel functions such as the RBF kernel can be viewed as similarity functions.
Outoul
Outoul (also written Ouloul) is a village in the commune of Tamanrasset, in Tamanrasset District, Tamanrasset Province, Algeria. It lies on the east bank of Oued Outoul 21 kilometres (13 mi) west of Tamanrasset city.

Tamanrasset Province
Tamanrasset or Tamanghasset (Arabic: ولاية تمنراست Wilāya Tamanrāssat, Berber languages: ⵜⵣ'ⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴰⴾⴰⵍ ⵜⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵏⵗⴰⵙⵜ) is a province (wilaya) in southern Algeria, named after its province seat, Tamanrasset. The province is the home of two national parks: Ahaggar National Park and Tassili n'Ajjer National Park. It is the largest province in Algeria, with an area of 336,839 km2. It has a population of  115,043 as of 2008.
Ace Metrix
Ace Metrix is an advertising analytics company based in El Segundo, CA. The company screens and scores video advertising based on a survey method which measures an advertisement's creative impact including that of persuasion, watchability and emotional factors.

El Segundo, California
El Segundo (/ˌɛl səˈɡʌndoʊ/ EL sə-GUN-doh, Spanish: [el seˈɣundo]; Spanish for 'The Second') is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. Located on Santa Monica Bay, it was incorporated on January 18, 1917, and is part of the South Bay Cities Council of Governments. The population was 17,272 as of the 2020 census, a 3.7% increase from 16,654 in the 2010 census. A significant center of the oil and aerospace industries in Southern California, roughly three quarters of the city's land is dedicated exclusively to industrial and commercial uses, including a Chevron oil refinery which takes up more than a quarter of the city.
Spherical image
In differential geometry, the spherical image of a unit-speed curve is given by taking the curve's tangent vectors as points, all of which must lie on the unit sphere. The movement of the spherical image describes the changes in the original curve's direction   If  is a unit-speed curve, that is , and  is the unit tangent vector field along , then the curve  is the spherical image of . All points of  must lie on the unit sphere because .

Tangent vector
In mathematics, a tangent vector is a vector that is tangent to a curve or surface at a given point. Tangent vectors are described in the differential geometry of curves in the context of curves in Rn. More generally, tangent vectors are elements of a tangent space of a differentiable manifold. Tangent vectors can also be described in terms of germs. Formally, a tangent vector at the point  is a linear derivation of the algebra defined by the set of germs at .
Republic Day (India)
Republic Day is a national holiday in India commemorating the adoption of the Constitution of the Republic of India and the country's transition to a republic which came into effect on 26 January 1950.

The constitution replaced the Government of India Act 1935 as the governing document of India, thus turning the nation from a dominion into a republic, following its independence from the British Raj in 1947. The constitution was adopted by the Constituent Assembly of India on 26 November 1949 and came into effect on 26 January 1950. The date was chosen because the Indian National Congress had proclaimed Purna Swaraj (complete independence) on that date in 1930.

Republic Day is commonly associated with parades, political speeches, cultural events and ceremonies, in addition to various other public and private events celebrating the history, government, and the traditions of India.

Independence
Independence is a condition of a nation, country, or state, in which residents and population, or some portion thereof, exercise self-government, and usually sovereignty, over its territory. The opposite of independence is the status of a dependent territory or colony. The commemoration of the independence day of a country or nation celebrates when a country is free from all forms of colonialism; free to build a country or nation without any interference from other nations.
Islamic Jihad in Yemen
The Islamic Jihad in Yemen (Arabic: الجهاد الإسلامي في اليمن, romanized: al-Jihad al-Islami fi Yemen) (IJY, IJM) was an Islamist militant group based in Yemen which operated from 1990 to 1994. The group was established by former Afghan mujahideen who travelled to fight the South Yemen government, with the support and financing of Osama bin Laden. Led by Tariq al-Fadhli, the group carried out the 1992 Aden hotel bombings on the orders of bin Laden, constituting the first al-Qaeda attack against the United States. Later on, the group participated in the Yemeni civil war of 1994, fighting against the southern secessionist Democratic Republic of Yemen on the side of the northern government. Shortly after the war, IJY's main leaders were offered government positions and disbanded the group in the same year.

Yemeni civil war (1994)
The Yemeni civil war (Arabic: الحرب الأهلية اليمنية), also known as the Summer War of 1994 (Arabic: حرب صيف ١٩٩٤), was a civil war fought between the two Yemeni forces of the pro-union northern and the socialist separatist southern Yemeni states and their supporters. The war resulted in the defeat of the southern separatists and the reunification of Yemen, and the flight into exile of many leaders of the Yemeni Socialist Party (YSP) and other separatists.
Steve Marriner
Steve Marriner (born 1984 in Ottawa, Ontario) is a Canadian multi-instrumentalist, singer, songwriter and record producer based in Toronto, Ontario. He first garnered attention in the Ottawa blues scene in his early teens as a prodigy blues harp (harmonica) player. He also plays baritone guitar, electric guitar, piano, Hammond organ, upright bass and electric bass. Since 2008, he has been the frontman, singer, one of two guitarists and harmonica player for the Canadian rock'n'roll-blues group MonkeyJunk. The band's album To Behold won the 2012 Juno Award for Blues Album of the Year.

Baritone guitar
The baritone guitar is a guitar with a longer scale length, typically a larger body, and heavier internal bracing. Due to this, it can be tuned to a lower pitch. Gretsch, Fender, Gibson, Ibanez, ESP Guitars, PRS Guitars, Music Man, Danelectro, Schecter, Burns London and many other companies have produced electric baritone guitars since the 1960s, although always in small numbers due to low popularity. Tacoma, Santa Cruz, Taylor, Martin, Alvarez Guitars, Ovation Guitar Company and others have made acoustic baritone guitars.
KJYR
KJYR (104.5 MHz) is a non-profit FM radio station licensed to Newport, Washington, and serving the Spokane metropolitan area. The station is owned by the Growing Christian Foundation, and broadcasts a Christian adult contemporary radio format.

KJYR has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 87,000 watts. Its transmitter is on Moon Hill in Cusick, Washington, near the Pend Oreille River. Because its tower is about 50 miles north of Spokane, KJYR also has translators in Spokane, Chewelah, Colville and Sand Point, Idaho. They all operate on 104.5 MHz.

Sandpoint, Idaho
Sandpoint is the largest city in and the county seat of Bonner County, Idaho, United States. Its population was 9,777 as of the 2022 census.

Sandpoint's major economic contributors include forest products, light manufacturing, tourism, recreation and government services. As the largest service center in the two northern Idaho counties (Bonner and Boundary), as well as northwestern Montana, it has an active retail sector.

Sandpoint lies on the shores of Idaho's largest lake, 43-mile-long (69-kilometer) Lake Pend Oreille, and is surrounded by three major mountain ranges, the Selkirk, Cabinet and Bitterroot ranges. It is home to Schweitzer Mountain Resort, Idaho's largest ski resort, and is on the International Selkirk Loop and two National Scenic Byways (Wild Horse Trail and Pend Oreille Scenic Byway). Among other distinctions awarded by national media in the past decade, in 2011 Sandpoint was named the nation's "Most Beautiful Small Town" by Rand McNally and USA Today.
Angélica pecado
Angélica pecado is a Venezuelan telenovela written by Martín Hahn and produced by RCTV in 2000. The telenovela lasted 150 episodes and was distributed internationally by RCTV International.

Daniela Alvarado and Simón Pestana starred as the main protagonists accompanied by Eileen Abad, Amanda Gutiérrez, Hilda Abrahamz, Jaime Araque, Alba Roversi and Margarita Hernández as the antagonist.

Hilda Abrahamz
Hilda Astrid Abrahamz Navarro (born November 14, 1959) is a Venezuelan actress and beauty pageant titleholder. She was the official representative of her country in the 1980 Miss World pageant held in London, United Kingdom on November 13, 1980, where she was one of the top 15 semifinalists
Peter Lönn
Peter Roland Mikael Lönn (born 13 July 1961) is a Swedish former footballer who played as a defender. He played for IFK Norrköping and Neuchâtel Xamax FCS.

He won seven caps for the Sweden national team and represented the Sweden Olympic football team at the 1988 Summer Olympics where he scored two goals. After the season 1992 he ended his career after his operation of a knee injury.

Football at the 1988 Summer Olympics
An association football tournament was played as part of the 1988 Summer Olympics in South Korea, featuring 16 men's national teams from six continental confederations. The teams were drawn into four groups of four with each group playing a round-robin tournament. At the end of the group stage, the top two teams advanced to the knockout stage, beginning with the quarter-finals and culminating with the gold medal match at the Seoul Olympic Stadium on 1 October 1988.

Before the final match, the Soviet team relocated from the Olympic Village to a Soviet steamship stationed nearby. After winning the gold medal, each player from the Soviet team received 15 thousand dollars from the Soviet government.
Zorro (Spanish TV series)
Zorro is a Spanish action-adventure television series produced by Secuoya Studio and starring Miguel Bernardeau. Based on the character created by Johnston McCulley, the series debuted on Prime Video on January 19, 2024 in Latin America and the United States, and debuted on January 25 in Spain, Andorra and Portugal. The production, filmed from summer 2022 to early 2023 in the Canary Islands in Spain, represents a "bold reinterpretation" of classic hero El Zorro.

Johnston McCulley
John William Johnston McCulley (February 2, 1883 – November 23, 1958) was an American writer of hundreds of stories, fifty novels and numerous screenplays for film and television, and the creator of the character Zorro.
William Goring (Sussex MP, died 1554)
Sir William Goring (born before 1500, died 1554) was an English landowner, administrator, courtier and politician. He served in the Parliament of England in 1539 and 1547, representing Sussex. He also served as the chamberlain of the household of Queen Anne of Cleves from 1540 until 1546.

Goring was a groom of the privy chamber to Edward VI, and was appointed the Keeper of Woolaving Great Park at East Lavington in Sussex in succession to another groom, John Fowler.

Sussex (UK Parliament constituency)
Sussex was a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of England then of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800 and of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1832. It was represented by two Knights of the Shire, elected by the bloc vote system.

Under the Reform Act 1832 the constituency was split into two two-member divisions, for Parliamentary purposes, at the 1832 general election. The county was then represented by the East Sussex and West Sussex divisions.
PAL (programming language)
PAL, the Pedagogic Algorithmic Language, is a programming language developed at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in around 1967 to help teach programming language semantics and design. It is a "direct descendant" of ISWIM and owes much of its philosophy to Christopher Strachey.

The initial implementation of PAL, in Lisp, was written by Peter Landin and James H. Morris, Jr. and ran on the Compatible Time-Sharing System (CTSS). It was later redesigned by Martin Richards, Thomas J. Barkalow, Arthur Evans, Jr., Robert M. Graham, James Morris, and John Wozencraft. It was implemented by Richards and Barkalow in BCPL as an intermediate-code interpreter and ran on the IBM System/360; this was called PAL/360.

Christopher Strachey
Christopher S. Strachey (/ˈstreɪtʃi/; 16 November 1916 – 18 May 1975) was a British computer scientist. A pioneer of programming language design, he was one of the founders of denotational semantics and computer time-sharing. He has also been credited as possibly the first developer of a video game and for coining terms such as polymorphism and referential transparency that are still widely used by developers. He was a member of the Strachey family, prominent in government, arts, administration, and academia.
Prince's Cairn
The Prince's Cairn marks the traditional spot from where Prince Charles Edward Stuart embarked for France from Scotland on 20 September 1746 following the failure of the Jacobite rising of 1745. The cairn is located on the shores of Loch nan Uamh in Lochaber. It was erected in 1956 by the 1745 Association, a historical society dedicated to the study, recording and preservation of memories from the Jacobite period.

Although the cairn commemorates the final departure of the Prince before his exile to France, Loch nan Uamh is also where the Young Pretender first stepped ashore on mainland Great Britain on 25 July 1745 and from where – in April 1746 – he escaped to the Hebrides after the defeat of his forces at the Battle of Culloden.

Eriskay
Eriskay (Scottish Gaelic: Èirisgeigh), from the Old Norse for "Eric's Isle", is an island and community council area of the Outer Hebrides in northern Scotland with a population of 160. It lies between South Uist and Barra and is connected to South Uist by a causeway which was opened in 2001. In the same year Ceann a' Ghàraidh in Eriskay became the ferry terminal for travelling between South Uist and Barra. The Caledonian MacBrayne vehicular ferry travels between Eriskay and Ardmore in Barra. The crossing takes around 40 minutes.
Sheremsah
Sheremsah (Egyptian Arabic: شرمساح) is a village on the Nile in the Damietta governorate. Its name goes back to the ancient Egyptian language. It was used as a camp by withdrawing crusaders during the Seventh Crusade. Its name was mentioned in several books such as:

Wa Islamah, a historical novel by Ali Ahmad Bakathir.

Al-Khotat, a book about history and geography of Egypt by Al-maqrizi.

The Personality of Egypt, A book about the geography of Egypt, by Dr. Gamal Hamdan.

Oh Islam
Oh Islam (Arabic: وا اسلاماه, translit. Wa Islamah, and also released as Love and Faith) is a 1961 Egyptian drama film directed by Enrico Bomba and Andrew Marton. The film was selected as the Egyptian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 34th Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee. The film was the first Egyptian film to be screened at the San Francisco International Film Festival.
First Battle of Middlewich
53°11′34″N 2°26′40″W﻿ / ﻿53.19266°N 2.44457°W﻿ / 53.19266; -2.44457

The First Battle of Middlewich took place on 13 March 1643, during the First English Civil War, and was fought between the Parliamentarians, under Sir William Brereton, and the Royalist supporters of King Charles I of England, under Sir Thomas Aston.

Stafford
Stafford (/ˈstæfərd/) is a market town and the county town of Staffordshire, England. It is located about 15 miles (24 km) south of Stoke-on-Trent, 15 miles (24 km) north of Wolverhampton and 24 miles (39 km) north-west of Birmingham. The town had a population of 71,673 at the 2021 census, and is the main settlement within the larger Borough of Stafford, which had a population of 136,837 in 2021.

Stafford has Anglo-Saxon roots, being founded in 913, when Æthelflæd, Lady of the Mercians, founded a defensive burh; it became the county town of Staffordshire soon after. Stafford became an important market town in the Middle Ages and later grew into an important industrial town, due to the proliferation of shoemaking, engineering and electrical industries.
Moustapha Kama
Moustapha Kama (born 28 January 1992) is a Senegalese taekwondo practitioner. He is a two-time medalist at the African Games and a bronze medalist at the Islamic Solidarity Games. He has also won medals at the African Taekwondo Championships.

At the 2018 African Taekwondo Championships held in Agadir, Morocco, he won the silver medal in the men's 54 kg event.

In 2019, he represented Senegal at the African Games held in Rabat, Morocco and he won one of the bronze medals in the men's 54 kg event. In 2020, he competed in the men's 58 kg event at the 2020 African Taekwondo Olympic Qualification Tournament in Rabat, Morocco without qualifying for the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan.

African Taekwondo Championships
The African Taekwondo Championships are the African senior taekwondo championships and held every two years by the African Taekwondo Union along with the South African Taekwondo Federation, both the continental affiliates of World Taekwondo. This is a recognized G-4 senior event by World Taekwondo.
Sam B. Hall Jr. Federal Building and United States Courthouse
The Sam B. Hall Jr. Federal Building and United States Courthouse, formerly known as the Marshall Federal Building and  U.S. Post Office, was built in 1915.  It is a Classical Revival building designed by Oscar Wenderoth (supervising architect) and George Shaul.

It is used as a courthouse by the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Texas. The courthouse was renamed in 1994 to honor state representative and district judge Sam B. Hall Jr. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.

United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas
The United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas (in case citations, E.D. Tex.) is a federal court in the Fifth Circuit (except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit).

The district was established on February 21, 1857, with the division of the state into an Eastern and Western District.
Medvezhye gas field
The Medvezhye gas field is a natural gas field located in Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia. Discovered in 1967, it was developed by Gazprom, beginning production of natural gas and condensates in 1972. By 2013, the total proven reserves of the Medvezhye gas field were around 83 trillion ft3 (2370 km3), with a production rate of around 4.89 billion ft3/day (140×105 m3).

Petroleum reservoir
A petroleum reservoir or oil and gas reservoir is a subsurface accumulation of hydrocarbons contained in porous or fractured rock formations. Such reservoirs form when kerogen (ancient plant matter) is created in surrounding rock by the presence of high heat and pressure in the Earth's crust.

Reservoirs are broadly classified as conventional and unconventional reservoirs. In conventional reservoirs, the naturally occurring hydrocarbons, such as crude oil (petroleum) or natural gas, are trapped by overlying rock formations with lower permeability, while in unconventional reservoirs the rocks have high porosity and low permeability, which keeps the hydrocarbons trapped in place, therefore not requiring a cap rock. Reservoirs are found using hydrocarbon exploration methods.
Skeleton Waterholes Creek
Skeleton Waterholes Creek is a waterway in the outer western and outer south-western regions of Melbourne, Victoria. The creek originates near Mount Cottrell, to the south of Rockbank, and passes through rural land until it reaches the suburban areas of Tarneit, Truganina, Hoppers Crossing, Altona Meadows and Point Cook before it flows into Port Phillip Bay after the Cheetham Wetlands. The creek has important local Aboriginal spiritual significance, and parts of the creek are popular sites for recreation(various).

Altona Meadows
Altona Meadows is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 17 km (11 mi) south-west of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the City of Hobsons Bay local government area. Altona Meadows recorded a population of 18,479 at the 2021 census.

Located partly within Altona Meadows, Cheetham Wetlands is a large park with numerous boardwalks traversing its network of lagoons. The wetlands attract large numbers of migratory birds, making it popular with walkers and birdwatchers alike.
CobbTV
CobbTV is a Government-access television channel (GATV) cable TV channel in Cobb County, Georgia, seen on Comcast TV channel 23, and in ATSC clear QAM on digital cable channel 81.23.  TV23 presents a variety of TV programming for the interest of Cobb County residents, including county commission and other local government meetings, educational and informational programming on various issues and services, and Cobb Traffic Watch LIVE, which features views from Cobb DOT and Georgia DOT traffic cameras in Cobb during weekday rush hours.  Overnight, it now carries the Pentagon Channel, after previously carrying old educational TV programs.

Cobb County School District school board meetings are carried on Cobb edTV, channel 24.

Plaintext
In cryptography, plaintext usually means unencrypted information pending input into cryptographic algorithms, usually encryption algorithms. This usually refers to data that is transmitted or stored unencrypted.
Parlor James
Parlor James was a short-lived American alternative country duo active in the 1990s. The group's members were Amy Allison and Lone Justice's Ryan Hedgecock, who first met each other at a Mercury Lounge songwriter's night. Allison came up with the name "Parlor James" on a whim, after spontaneously encountering the words in a dream. Originally formed in 1994, they released their debut EP, Dreadful Sorry, on Discovery Records in 1996. It was produced by Malcolm Burn, primarily on home recording equipment. Their full-length debut, Old Dreams, was released on Sire Records in 1998. It was also produced by Burn. By 2001, it was considered very unlikely that the duo would release any more music.

Malcolm Burn
Malcolm Burn (born October 4, 1960) is a Canadian-born music producer, recording engineer and musician. Emmylou Harris's Red Dirt Girl, produced by Burn, won Best Contemporary Folk Album at the 2001 Grammys.