hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Argand system
In mathematics, an nth-order Argand system (named after French mathematician Jean-Robert Argand) is a coordinate system constructed around the nth roots of unity. From the origin, n axes extend such that the angle between each axis and the axes immediately before and after it is 360/n degrees. For example, the number line is the 2nd-order Argand system because the two axes extending from the origin represent 1 and −1, the 2nd roots of unity. The complex plane (sometimes called the Argand plane, also named after Argand) is the 4th-order Argand system because the 4 axes extending from the origin represent 1, i, −1, and −i, the 4th roots of unity.

Origin (mathematics)
In mathematics, the origin of a Euclidean space is a special point, usually denoted by the letter O, used as a fixed point of reference for the geometry of the surrounding space.

In physical problems, the choice of origin is often arbitrary, meaning any choice of origin will ultimately give the same answer. This allows one to pick an origin point that makes the mathematics as simple as possible, often by taking advantage of some kind of geometric symmetry.
MTV Classic (UK & Ireland)
MTV Classic was a British pay television music channel from Paramount Networks UK & Australia. The channel was launched in the United Kingdom and Ireland on 1 July 1999 as VH1 Classic.

It focused on music videos and music specials from the 1960s onwards, sometimes featuring music videos and concert footage from as early as at least the 1940s or 1950s, such as Bing Crosby's "White Christmas" from 1942. It also aired videos from the 2000s and early 2010s. Every November and December from 2013 until 2021, MTV Classic played Christmas-themed music branded as MTV Xmas.

"Video Killed the Radio Star" by The Buggles, the first video to air on the original MTV in 1981, was also the first music video to be played when the channel was rebranded as MTV Classic on 1 March 2010.

Paramount Networks UK & Australia
Paramount Networks UK & Australia, formerly ViacomCBS Networks UK & Australia, is a division of Paramount Skydance Corporation launched on 14 January 2020. It is based in London, England, with a local office in Sydney, Australia.
Alvin M. Strauss
Alvin M. Strauss (1895 – 1958) was an Indiana architect and designer of many landmark buildings in Indiana and Ohio during the early twentieth century. He was born in Kendallville, Indiana, to German immigrants and later apprenticed under prominent architects in Chicago and Fort Wayne, Indiana. Strauss founded his own practice in Fort Wayne in 1918. Among his commissioned works are the Allen County War Memorial Coliseum, the Clyde Theatre, the Lincoln Bank Tower, and the Embassy Theatre and Indiana Hotel in Fort Wayne as well as the Brokaw Theatre in Angola, Indiana.

His works also include the 1930 Art Deco-style showroom and administrative buildings of the Auburn Cord Duesenberg Automobile Facility.

His collection is housed in the Drawings and Documents Archive at Ball State University.

Embassy Theatre (Fort Wayne)
The Embassy Theatre (formerly the Emboyd Theatre) is a 2,471-seat performing arts theater in Fort Wayne, Indiana, USA. It was built in 1928 as a movie palace and up until recently, it was the home of the Fort Wayne Philharmonic.
Sukmawati Sukarnoputri
Diah Mutiara Sukmawati Sukarnoputri (born 26 October 1951) is the third daughter of Indonesia’s founding president Sukarno and his wife Fatmawati. Sukmawati is the younger sister of former Indonesian president Megawati Sukarnoputri and politician Rachmawati Sukarnoputri.

Fatmawati
Fatmawati (5 February 1923 – 14 May 1980) was the first lady of Indonesia from 1945 until 1967. She was the third wife of the first president of Indonesia, Sukarno, and the mother of Indonesia's first female president, Megawati Sukarnoputri. She also made the first flag flown by Indonesia.
Jean Cottard
Jean Cottard (14 July 1926 – 1 December 2020) was a French foil fencer. He earned his Master of Arms at Fort Carré in 1949. The coach of Christian d'Oriola, he became the first National Technical Director of France in 1964. He served as a member of the French Federation of Fencing from 1988 until his death.

Foil (fencing)
A foil is one of the three weapons used in the sport of fencing. It is a flexible weapon of total length 110 cm (43 in) or under, rectangular in cross section, weighing under 500 g (18 oz), with a blunt tip. As with the épée, points are only scored by making contact with the tip. The foil is the most commonly used weapon in fencing.
Hasse–Weil zeta function
In mathematics, the Hasse–Weil zeta function attached to an algebraic variety V defined over an algebraic number field K is a meromorphic function on the complex plane defined in terms of the number of points on the variety after reducing modulo each prime number p. It is a global L-function defined as an Euler product of local zeta functions.

Hasse–Weil L-functions form one of the two major classes of global L-functions, alongside the L-functions associated to automorphic representations. Conjecturally, these two types of global L-functions are actually two descriptions of the same type of global L-function; this would be a vast generalisation of the Taniyama-Weil conjecture, itself an important result in number theory.

For an elliptic curve over a number field K, the Hasse–Weil zeta function is conjecturally related to the group of rational points of the elliptic curve over K by the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture.

Rational point
In number theory and algebraic geometry, a rational point of an algebraic variety is a point whose coordinates belong to a given field. If the field is not mentioned, the field of rational numbers is generally understood. If the field is the field of real numbers, a rational point is more commonly called a real point.

Understanding rational points is a central goal of number theory and Diophantine geometry. For example, Fermat's Last Theorem may be restated as: for n > 2, the Fermat curve of equation  has no other rational points than (1, 0), (0, 1), and, if n is even, (–1, 0) and (0, –1).
Psammodesmus bryophorus
Psammodesmus bryophorus, the moss millipede, is a keeled millipede of the family Platyrhacidae native to Colombia. It was described in 2011, and with several species of symbiotic moss found growing on its dorsal surface, it is the first millipede known with epizoic plants.

At least 10 species of bryophytes belonging to families Pilotrichaceae, Lejeuneaceae, Fissidentaceae, Metzgeriaceae and Leucomiaceae have been found to grow on the millipede's dorsum; these plants are believed to camouflage the millipede as its cuticle provides a stable substrate.

Lejeuneaceae
Lejeuneaceae is the largest family of liverworts. Most of its members are epiphytes found in the tropics, while others can be found in temperate regions.

The main characteristics of the family are that:

The leaves are incubous.

Amphigastrium is usually present, sometimes reduced.

Leaves are divided into lobe and lobule.

Archaegonium in a perianth.

Some large genera of the family are Lejeunea, Ceratolejeunea (around 84 species,) and Cheilolejeunea (around 275 species,).
ICP Raxaul
Integrated Check Post Raxaul (ICP Raxaul) is a land port on the India–Nepal border, located in the town of Raxaul, East Champaran district, Bihar, India. It facilitates cargo and passenger movement with Birgunj, Nepal, and is managed by the Land Ports Authority of India.

East Champaran district
East Champaran district or Purvi Champaran district is an administrative district in the Tirhut division of the state of Bihar in India. The district headquarter is located at Motihari. Prior to 1971, there was a single Champaran District. On 1 December 1971, it was divided into East and West Champaran (Purvi and Paschimi Champaran). In early days the land of East Chamapran was ruled by different kingdoms as Videha, Sunga, Kanvas. It is also believed that Champaran used to be a major part of King Janak's empire. Mahatma Gandhi started his famous Satyagraha movement from here.
Edwin Lawrence (Michigan jurist)
Edwin Lawrence (February 28, 1808 – June 26, 1885) was an American jurist and politician.

Born in Middlebury, Vermont, Lawrence graduated from Middlebury College in 1829 and practiced law in Middlebury, Vermont from 1834 to 1836. He lived in Ann Arbor, Michigan, from 1836 until his death in 1885, practiced law. and was the editor of the Michigan State Journal between 1836 and 1840. In 1848, Lawrence was a Whig candidate for Congress. In 1848, Lawrence served in the Michigan House of Representatives. From 1857 to 1869, Lawrence was a Michigan circuit court judge. In 1857, Lawrence served briefly on the Michigan Supreme Court. Lawrence died of a stroke in Ann Arbor, Michigan.

Middlebury, Vermont
Middlebury is the shire town (county seat) of Addison County, Vermont, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 9,152. Middlebury is home to Middlebury College and the Henry Sheldon Museum of Vermont History and the adjacent hardware store.
John Jackson (minister)
John Jackson (c.1621–1693) was an English nonconformist minister. Intruded as a fellow during the Parliamentary visitation of the University of Cambridge, he was expelled in 1650 as a result of the engagement controversy, and was an ejected minister of 1662.

Great Ejection
The Great Ejection followed the Act of Uniformity 1662 in England. Several thousand Puritan ministers were forced out of their positions in the Church of England following the Restoration of Charles II. It was a consequence (not necessarily an intended one) of the Savoy Conference of 1661.
CPEB1
Cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CPEB1 gene.

This gene encodes a member of the cytoplasmic polyadenylation element (CPE) binding protein family. This highly conserved protein binds to a specific RNA sequence called the CPE found in the 3′ UTR of some mRNAs. Similar proteins in Xenopus and mouse function to induce cytoplasmic polyadenylation of dormant mRNAs with short polyA tails, resulting in their translation. Members of this protein family regulate translation of cyclin B1 during embryonic cell divisions. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.

Xenopus
Xenopus (/ˈzɛnəpəs/) (from Greek ξενος, xenos 'strange' + πους, pous 'foot', commonly known as the clawed frog) is a genus of highly aquatic frogs native to sub-Saharan Africa.  Twenty species are currently described within it. The two best-known species of this genus are Xenopus laevis and Xenopus tropicalis, which are commonly studied as model organisms for developmental biology, cell biology, toxicology, neuroscience and for modelling human disease and birth defects.

The genus is also known for its polyploidy, with some species having up to 12 sets of chromosomes.
Myoporum rimatarense
Myoporum rimatarense  was a plant in the figwort family, Scrophulariaceae and was endemic to Rimatara Island in French Polynesia. It is only known from the type specimen collected in 1921 and 1934 and was declared extinct in 2021 by the IUCN Red List.

Scrophulariaceae
The Scrophulariaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the figwort family.  The plants are annual and perennial herbs, as well as shrubs.  Flowers have bilateral (zygomorphic) or rarely radial  (actinomorphic) symmetry.  The Scrophulariaceae have a cosmopolitan distribution, with the majority found in temperate areas, including tropical mountains.  The family name is based on the name of the included genus Scrophularia L.
Semitopological group
In mathematics, a semitopological group is a topological space with a group action that is continuous with respect to each variable considered separately. It is a weakening of the concept of a topological group; all topological groups are semitopological groups but the converse does not hold.

Converse (logic)
In logic and mathematics, the converse of a categorical or implicational statement is the result of reversing its two constituent statements. For the implication P → Q, the converse is Q → P. For the categorical proposition All S are P, the converse is All P are S. Either way, the truth of the converse is generally independent from that of the original statement.
The Book of Life (1998 film)
The Book of Life is a 1998 film directed by Hal Hartley. In the film, Jesus returns to earth on the eve of the new millennium planning to bring about the apocalypse, but finds himself surprisingly enamored of humanity. It stars Martin Donovan as Jesus, PJ Harvey as Mary Magdalene, and Thomas Jay Ryan as The Devil. Yo La Tengo appear as a Salvation Army band.

Millennium
A millennium (pl. millennia or millenniums) is a period of one thousand years, one hundred decades, or ten centuries, It is also sometimes called a kiloannum (ka) or kiloyear (ky).

Normally, the word is used specifically for periods of a thousand years that begin at the starting point (initial reference point) of the calendar in consideration and at later years that are whole number multiples of a thousand years after the start point. The term can also refer to an interval of time beginning on any date. Millennia sometimes have religious or theological implications (see millenarianism).

The word millennium derives from the Latin mille, meaning 'thousand', and annus, meaning 'year'.
Tarns, Cumbria
Tarns is a small farming settlement in the civil parish of Holme St. Cuthbert in Cumbria, England. It is located two miles north-east of the village of Mawbray, and twenty-three miles south-west of Carlisle, Cumbria's county town. The B5301 road runs through the settlement, and along that road the town of Silloth-on-Solway is located five-and-a-half miles to the north, and Aspatria four-and-a-half miles to the south-east. Other nearby settlements include Aikshaw, Goodyhills, Jericho, and New Cowper.

Aspatria
Aspatria /əsˈpeɪtriə/ is a town and civil parish in Cumberland, Cumbria, England. The town rests on the north side of the Ellen Valley, overlooking a panoramic view of the countryside, with Skiddaw to the South and the Solway Firth to the North. Its developments are aligned approximately east–west along the A596 Carlisle to Workington road and these extend to approximately 2 miles (3.2 km) in length. It lies about 8 miles (13 km) northeast of Maryport, a similar distance to the Southwest of Wigton, about 9 miles (14 km) north of Cockermouth and 5 miles (8.0 km) from the coast and Allonby. A Roman road leading from "Old Carlisle" to Ellenborough passed through the hamlet.

It is served by Aspatria railway station. Aspatria is located on the fringe of the English Lake District.

The parish church of St Kentigern was rebuilt in 1848. Fragments of masonry and crosses from earlier structures on the same site are preserved there.
Alakit
The Alakit (Russian: Алакит) is a river in Yakutia (Sakha Republic), Russia. It is a tributary of the Olenyok with a length of 232 kilometres (144 mi) and a drainage basin area of 11,800 square kilometres (4,600 sq mi).

The river flows across a desolate area of Mirninsky and Olenyoksky districts. Currently there are no settlements, but a small village named Alakit was located by the river in its upper course, a little upstream of the mouth of the Yuyose-Delingde, a left tributary.

The Daldyn-Alakit kimberlite field is located between the upper Alakit in the west and the Daldyn River by Udachnaya in the east.

Mirninsky District
Mirninsky District (Russian: Ми́рнинский район; Yakut: Мииринэй улууһа, Miiriney uluuha) is an administrative and municipal district (raion, or ulus), one of the thirty-four in the Sakha Republic, Russia. It is located in the west of the republic and borders Olenyoksky District in the north and northeast, Nyurbinsky and Suntarsky Districts in the east, Lensky District in the south, and Irkutsk Oblast and Krasnoyarsk Krai in the west. The area of the district is 165,800 square kilometers (64,000 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Mirny. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district (excluding its administrative center) was 38,802.
Carex subinflata
Carex subinflata is a sedge of the Cyperaceae family that is native to southern parts of Africa in the Cape Provinces, the Free State, Lesotho and KwaZulu-Natal.

The sedge is a perennial herb with a tufted habit that typically grows to a height of 0.3 to 0.9 m (1 ft 0 in to 2 ft 11 in). It has flat or sometimes folded leaves with a blade that is around 220 mm (8.7 in) long and 6 to 10 mm (0.24 to 0.39 in) wide. Usually the upper part of the leaf is glabrous and the lower surface is covered in small round protuberances. The culms are triangular in cross section and have a diameter of 1.5 to 2 mm (0.059 to 0.079 in). The simple inflorescence at the end of the culm is a small cluster of spikes that is 65 to 110 mm (2.6 to 4.3 in) long.

The plant is found at higher altitudes in marshy grassland areas such as the Drakenberg, the High veld and sub-escarpment grassland areas.

Drakenberg
Drakenberg is a Swedish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Hans Drakenberg (1901–1982), Swedish fencer

Otto Drakenberg (born 1966), Swedish fencer

Christian Jacobsen Drakenberg (1626?–1772), Norwegian centenarian
Charles Waters (Canadian politician)
Charles Waters (b. May 29, 1787 Vermont; d. September 9, 1869) was a farmer, merchant and political figure in Upper Canada. He represented Prescott in the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada from 1835 to 1836 as a Reformer.

Waters was the son of Abel Waters, who served in the King's American Dragoons. He married Maria Frost. Waters served in the county militia, was a justice of the peace and coroner for the Ottawa District. He helped write the Seventh Report for the Grievances Committee. On Jan. 23, 1835, Wm. Lyon MacKenzie was given the appointment to move forward with the Grievances Report. Waters thought of MacKenzie as one of his most trusted friends. He died in L'Orignal, Canada West.

Coroner
A coroner is a government or judicial official who is empowered to conduct or order an inquest into the manner or cause of death. The official may also investigate or confirm the identity of an unknown person who has been found dead within the coroner's jurisdiction.

In Medieval England, English coroners were Crown officials who held financial powers and conducted some judicial investigations in order to counterbalance the power of sheriffs or bailiffs.

Depending on the jurisdiction, the coroner may adjudge the cause of death personally, or may act as the presiding officer of a special court (a "coroner's jury"). The term coroner derives from the same source as the word crown.
Labrousse (surname)
Labrousse is a surname found in France. It was first found in the region of Burgundy, and about 4,318 people in total bear this name today. Notable people with this surname include:

Alain Labrousse (1937 – 2016), a French sociologist and journalist

Clotilde-Suzanne Courcelles de Labrousse (1747 – 1821), a French occultist

Elisabeth Labrousse (1914 – 2000), a French philosopher and historian

Ernest Labrousse (1895 – 1988), a French historian

Fabrice Labrousse (1806 – 1876), a French playwright

François Labrousse (1878 – 1951), a French politician

Julien Labrousse (born 1977), a French entrepreneur and architect

Léa Labrousse (born 1997), a French trampolinist

Michel Labrousse (1912 – 1988), a French historian

Sara Labrousse (born 1988), a French synchronized swimmer

Thierry Labrousse (born 1970), a French former rugby player

Yvette Labrousse, better known as Begum Om Habibeh Aga Khan (1906 – 2000), a French-Egyptian beauty queen

Ernest Labrousse
Camille-Ernest Labrousse  (French: [kamij ɛʁnɛst labʁus]; 16 March 1895 – 24 May 1988) was a French historian specializing in social and economic history who was born in Barbezieux, Charente and died in Paris.
Leśniaki, Gmina Szczerców
Leśniaki [lɛɕˈɲaki] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szczerców, within Bełchatów County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) south-west of Szczerców, 21 km (13 mi) west of Bełchatów, and 60 km (37 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Bełchatów
Bełchatów ([bɛu̯ˈxatuf] ⓘ) is a city in central Poland, with a population of 55,583, as of December 2021. It is located in Łódź Voivodeship, 160 kilometres (99 miles) southwest of Warsaw.

The Elektrownia Bełchatów, located in Bełchatów, is the largest coal fueled power plant in Europe and the fifth largest in the world. It produces 27–28 TWh of electricity per year, or 20% of the total power generation in Poland. 8,000 people work directly for the company that runs the coal mine and electricity plants.

The city is also known for the successful volleyball club Skra Bełchatów and local krówki (traditional Polish candy).
Aeman Presley
Aeman Lovel Presley (born 1980) is an American serial killer who killed four people over four months in 2014, in Georgia's DeKalb and Fulton Counties. Presley fully admitted his guilt, and as a result of a plea agreement, he was given several terms of life imprisonment without parole.

Fulton County, Georgia
Fulton County is in the north-central portion of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 1,066,710, making it the state's most populous county. Its county seat and most populous city is Atlanta, the state capital. About 90% of the city of Atlanta is within Fulton County; the remaining portion is in DeKalb County. Fulton County is the principal county of the Atlanta–Sandy Springs–Roswell metropolitan statistical area.
Why I Am a Vegetarian
Why I Am a Vegetarian is an 1895 pamphlet by American zoologist and philosopher J. Howard Moore. Originating in a lecture to the Chicago Vegetarian Society, it sets out ethical, scientific, and humanitarian reasons for a vegetarian diet. Moore presents vegetarianism as an application of the Golden Rule and as consistent with evolutionary theory, and he critiques anthropocentrism. The work was issued by the Purdy Publishing Company and reissued in several formats and editions in the late 1890s, with extracts printed in contemporary periodicals.

Contemporary response included favorable notices in vegetarian and health-reform publications and a mixed review in the Journal of the American Medical Association; it also prompted a published rebuttal by Laurence Gronlund, to which Moore replied.

Golden Rule
The Golden Rule is the principle of treating others as one would want to be treated by them. It is sometimes called an ethics of reciprocity, meaning that one should reciprocate to others how one would like them to treat the person (not necessarily how they actually treat them). Various expressions of this rule can be found in the tenets of most religions and creeds through the ages.

The maxim may appear as a positive or negative injunction governing conduct:

Treat others as one would like others to treat them (positive or directive form)

Do not treat others in ways that one would not like to be treated (negative or prohibitive form)

What one wishes upon others, they wish upon themselves (empathetic or responsive form)