hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bahulara Ancient Temple
Bahulara Ancient Temple is located in Bahulara village in the  Onda II village panchayat, in the Onda CD block in the Bankura Sadar subdivision of the Bankura district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is 5 km (3.1 mi) from Ondagram railway station and 25 km (16 mi) from Bishnupur.

Bishnupur (West Bengal)
Bishnupur (/bɪʃnʊˌpʊər/; Bengali: [biʃnupur]; alternatively spelled as Vishnupur) is a city and a municipality in Bankura district, West Bengal, India. It has terracotta temples built by the Malla rulers, historic Radha Krishna temples built during 1600–1800 CE and the Baluchari sarees. In 1997 the temples of Bishnupur were placed on the UNESCO World Heritage Site's Tentative list.
Penicillium persicinum
Penicillium persicinum is a species of fungus in the genus Penicillium which was isolated from soil from the Qinghai Province in China. Penicillium persicinum produces griseofulvin, lichexanthone, roquefortine C, roquefortine D, patulin and chrysogine

Penicillium
Penicillium (/ˌpɛnɪˈsɪliəm/) is a genus of  ascomycetous fungi that is part of the mycobiome of many species and is of major importance in the natural environment, in food spoilage, and in food and drug production.

Some members of the genus produce penicillin, a molecule that is used as an antibiotic, which kills or stops the growth of certain kinds of bacteria. Other species are used in cheesemaking. According to the Dictionary of the Fungi (10th edition, 2008), the widespread genus contains over 300 species.
Zerodium
Zerodium was an American information security company. The company was founded in 2015 with operations in Washington, D.C., and Europe. The company developed and acquired zero-day exploits from security researchers.

Exploit (computer security)
An exploit is a method or piece of code that takes advantage of vulnerabilities in software, applications, networks, operating systems, or hardware, typically for malicious purposes.
The term "exploit" derives from the English verb "to exploit," meaning "to use something to one’s own advantage."
Exploits are designed to identify flaws, bypass security measures, gain unauthorized access to systems, take control of systems, install malware, or steal sensitive data.
While an exploit by itself may not be a malware, it serves as a vehicle for delivering malicious software by breaching security controls.

Researchers estimate that malicious exploits cost the global economy over US$450 billion annually.
In response to this threat, organizations are increasingly utilizing cyber threat intelligence to identify vulnerabilities and prevent hacks before they occur.
Embassy of Israel, London
The Embassy of Israel in London is the diplomatic mission of Israel in the United Kingdom. It is located in the South Kensington area on Kensington Palace Gardens near the junction with Kensington High Street. The Grade II* listed building hosts both the Embassy of Israel and the Israeli Consulate, accessible via a separate entrance at 15a Old Court Place.

Kensington Palace
Kensington Palace is a royal residence situated within Kensington Gardens in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea in London, England. It has served as a residence for the British royal family since the 17th century and is currently the official London residence of several royals, including the Prince and Princess of Wales, the Duke and Duchess of Gloucester, the Duke of Kent, Prince and Princess Michael of Kent, and Princess Eugenie alongside her husband, Jack Brooksbank. The term "Kensington Palace" is often used as a metonym for the offices of the royals who reside there.

Today, the State Rooms of Kensington Palace are open to the public and are managed by Historic Royal Palaces, an independent charity that operates without public funding. The palace's offices and private living quarters remain the responsibility of the Royal Household. Additionally, Kensington Palace showcases numerous paintings and other artifacts from the Royal Collection.
Ivan Abamelik
Ivan Semeonovich Abamelik ( January 7, 1768, Tbilisi, Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti - August 23, 1828, Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire ), was an Armenian nobleman in the Russian Empire, Major general of lejb-guards of artillery (1817), chief of arsenals in Kiev and St. Petersburg.

He was elder brother of David Abamelik, from the noble family of Abamelik.

Abamelik
The House of Abamelik (Armenian: Աբամելիք, Georgian: აბამელიქი, Russian: Абамелик; also rendered as Abamelek, Abymelikov) was a noble family of Armenian origin in the Kingdom of Georgia, and then in the Russian Empire.
Allium tenuissimum
Allium tenuissimum is an Asian species of wild onion native to Mongolia, Asiatic Russia, Korea, Kazakhstan and China.

Allium tenuissimum produces a cluster of small, narrow bulbs. Scapes are up to 50 cm tall. Leaves are tubular, shorter than the scapes, about 10 mm in diameter. Flowers are white or pink with a narrow red midvein along each of the tepals.

Varieties

Allium tenuissimum var. nalinicum S.Chen - Inner Mongolia

Allium tenuissimum var. tenuissimum - most of specific range

formerly included

Allium tenuissimum var. anisopodium, now called Allium anisopodium

Allium tenuissimum f. zimmermannianum, now called Allium anisopodium var. zimmermannianum

Wild onion
Wild onion can refer to

any uncultivated species in the genus Allium, especially:
Allium bisceptrum
Allium canadense
Allium tricoccum
Allium validum
Allium vineale
Allium ochotense

Asphodelus tenuifolius

Cyperus bulbosus

Bulbine semibarbata
2001 New York Giants season
The 2001 season was the New York Giants' 77th in the National Football League (NFL) and the fifth under head coach Jim Fassel. They were returning as Super Bowl runners-up from the 2000 season, after losing Super Bowl XXXV to the Baltimore Ravens. The Giants tried to improve on their 12–4 record from the previous year, instead they finished 7–9 and missed the playoffs for the first time since 1999. However, Michael Strahan was named Defensive Player of the Year for the 2001 season. He broke the NFL single season sack record with 22.5, surpassing Mark Gastineau's total of 22, by sacking Brett Favre of the Green Bay Packers at Giants Stadium in the final regular-season game. Following the season, defensive coordinator John Fox left to become the head coach of the Carolina Panthers, a team he would take to the Super Bowl just two years later.

Jim Fassel
James Edward Fassel (August 31, 1949 – June 7, 2021) was an American college and professional football player and coach. He was the head coach of the New York Giants of the National Football League (NFL) from 1997 to 2003. He was offensive coordinator of other NFL teams, and as head coach, general manager, and president of the Las Vegas Locomotives of the United Football League (UFL).
Agua Mansa, California
Agua Mansa (Spanish for "gentle water") is a former settlement in an unincorporated area of San Bernardino County, near Colton, California, United States. Once the largest settlement in San Bernardino County, it is now a ghost town. Only the cemetery remains.

The town was established in 1842 in early California Alta California. It was on the Santa Ana River, across from the  era settlement of La Placita. Agua Mansa and La Placita were the first non-native settlements in the San Bernardino Valley. Together known as "San Salvador", they were also the largest settlements between Santa Fe de Nuevo México and the Pueblo de Los Ángeles in the 1840s.

San Bernardino Valley
34°4′N 117°17′W﻿ / ﻿34.067°N 117.283°W﻿ / 34.067; -117.283

The San Bernardino Valley (Spanish: Valle de San Bernardino) is a valley in Southern California located at the south base of the Transverse Ranges. It is bordered on the north by the eastern San Gabriel Mountains and the San Bernardino Mountains; on the east by the San Jacinto Mountains; on the south by the Temescal Mountains and Santa Ana Mountains; and on the west by the Pomona Valley. Elevation varies from 590 feet (180 m) on valley floors near Chino to 1,380 feet (420 m) near San Bernardino and Redlands. The valley floor is home to over 80% of the more than 4 million people in the Inland Empire region.
Mo So massacre
The Mo So Massacre, also known as the Christmas Eve Massacre, was a mass killing of civilians that occurred on the afternoon of 24 December 2021, in Hpruso Township in Kayah State, Myanmar. During the massacre, Myanmar Army troops killed and burned over forty people.

The following day, the Karenni Nationalities Defence Force (KNDF) found the victims burned in their vehicles. The incident was condemned by the United Nations, Save the Children, and the United States Embassy in Myanmar.

Kayah State
Kayah State (Burmese: ကယားပြည်နယ်, pronounced [kəjá pjìnɛ̀]), or Karenni State, is a state of Myanmar. Situated in eastern Myanmar, it is bounded on the north by Shan State, on the east by Thailand's Mae Hong Son Province, and on the south and west by Kayin State. It lies approximately between 18° 30′ and 19° 55′ north latitude and between 96° 50′ and 97° 50′ east longitude. The area is 11,670 km2 (4,510 sq mi). Its capital is Loikaw (also spelt Loi-kaw). The estimated population in the 2014 Myanmar Census was 286,738, the smallest among Myanmar's seven states. It is inhabited primarily by the Karenni ethnic group, also known as Red Karen or Kayah, a Sino-Tibetan people. Even though Kayah State is the smallest state in Myanmar, it is still larger than Yangon Region.
1978 Railway Cup Hurling Championship
The 1978 Railway Cup Hurling Championship was the 52nd staging of the Railway Cup since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1927. The cup began on 16 April 1978 and ended on 7 May 1978.

Leinster were the defending champions.

On 7 May 1978, Munster won the cup following a 2-13 to 1-11 defeat of Leinster in the final. This was their 33rd Railway Cup title overall and their first title since 1976.

1977 Railway Cup Hurling Championship
The 1977 Railway Cup Hurling Championship was the 51st staging of the Railway Cup since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1927. The cup began on 13 February 1977 and ended on 17 March 1977.

Munster were the defending champions.

On 17 March 1977, Leinster won the cup following a 2-17 to 1–13 defeat of Munster in the final. This was their 17th Railway Cup title overall and their first title since 1975.
Zambia men's national basketball team
The Zambia national basketball team represents Zambia in international competitions. It is administered by the Zambia Basketball Association (ZBA).

Zambia had its best year in 1989 at the FIBA Africa Championship when it finished in Africa's Top Ten, ahead of Kenya.

At the AfroBasket 2017 qualification, Zambia beat South Africa for the first time in history.

South Africa men's national basketball team
South Africa national basketball team is the basketball team that represents South Africa in international competitions. The governing body of the team is Basketball South Africa.

Team South Africa is one of FIBA's youngest members, as it joined in 1992, yet it has qualified for every FIBA Africa Championship between 1997 and 2011.

Recently, South Africa has not been active at international competitions as the federation had withdrawn for several qualification competitions. The last games by the men's team were in 2017.
Smillie Peak
Smillie Peak (54°17′S 36°57′W﻿ / ﻿54.283°S 36.950°W﻿ / -54.283; -36.950) is a rock peak, 1,765 m, standing 1 mile (1.6 km) east of Mount Corneliussen in the west extremity of the Allardyce Range of South Georgia. Surveyed by the SGS, 1951–52, and named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) for Gordon Smillie, SGS surveyor.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Smillie Peak". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Allardyce Range
54°25′S 36°32′W﻿ / ﻿54.417°S 36.533°W﻿ / -54.417; -36.533

The Allardyce Range (Spanish: Cordillera de San Telmo) is a mountain range rising south of Cumberland Bay and dominating the central part of South Georgia, a British Overseas Territories. It extends for 50 km (31 mi) from Mount Globus in the northwest to Mount Brooker in the southeast, with peaks of 2,000 to 2,935 m (6,562 to 9,629 ft) and including Mount Paget (2,935 m or 9,629 ft) the highest peak of the range and also the highest point in the UK territory. Other peaks of the range include Mount Roots.

Although not shown on the charts of South Georgia by Cook in 1775 or Bellingshausen in 1819, peaks of this range were doubtless seen by those explorers. The range was named c. 1915 after Sir William Lamond Allardyce (1861–1930), Governor of the Falkland Islands and Dependencies, 1904–14.
Great Grand Masti
Great Grand Masti (transl. Great Grand Fun) is a 2016 Indian Hindi-language sex comedy horror film directed by Indra Kumar. It is the third installment in the Masti film series after Masti (2004) and Grand Masti (2013). It is produced by Sameer Nair, Aman Gill, Ashok Thakeria, Markand Adhikari and Anand Pandit.

It features an ensemble cast of Riteish Deshmukh, Vivek Oberoi, Aftab Shivdasani, Shreyas Talpade, Urvashi Rautela, Shraddha Das, Mishti Chakraborty, Pooja Bose and Sanjay Mishra in the pivotal roles. Originally scheduled to release on 22 July 2016, the date was advanced to 15 July 2016 after a pirated copy of the film was reportedly leaked online. The censor board made 23 deletions from the film including some dialogue deletions and a complete scene  and gave the film an A certificate.

Masti (film series)
Masti is a series of Indian sex comedy film series. The series is directed by Indra Kumar and produced by Ashok Thakeria. The series stars Vivek Oberoi, Aftab Shivdasani and Riteish Deshmukh in principal roles. The first two movies were a commercial success, but last two movies were box-office bomb.
CDATA
The term CDATA, meaning character data, is used for distinct, but related, purposes in the markup languages SGML and XML. The term indicates that a certain portion of the document is general character data, rather than non-character data or character data with a more specific, limited structure.

Numeric character reference
A numeric character reference (NCR) is a common markup construct used in SGML and SGML-derived markup languages such as HTML and XML. It consists of a short sequence of characters that, in turn,  represents a single character. Since WebSgml, XML and HTML 4, the code points of the Universal Character Set (UCS) of Unicode are used. NCRs are typically used in order to represent characters that are not directly encodable in a particular document (for example, because they are international characters that do not fit in the 8-bit character set being used, or because they have special syntactic meaning in the language). When the document is interpreted by a markup-aware reader, each NCR is treated as if it were the character it represents.
Kamal Singh (politician)
Kamal Bahadur Singh (29 September 1926 – 5 January 2020) was an Indian politician from Bihar. He was elected twice as a member of the Lok Sabha. He was the last Maharaja of Dumraon Raj. He was the last surviving member of the First Lok Sabha.

1st Lok Sabha
The First Lok Sabha was constituted on 17 April 1952 after India's first general election. The 1st Lok Sabha lasted its full tenure of five years and was dissolved on 4 April 1957. The First Session of this Lok Sabha commenced on 13 May 1952.

Total Lok Sabha seats were 489 and total eligible voters were 17.3 crores. The Indian National Congress (INC) won 364 seats. They were followed by Independents, winning a total of 37 seats. The Communist Party of India (CPI) and the Socialist Party (India) followed with 16 and 12 seats respectively. Indian National Congress got 45% of the total votes in this election and won 76% of the 479 contested seats.
Puzzle & Dragons Z + Super Mario Bros. Edition
Puzzle & Dragons Z + Puzzle & Dragons: Super Mario Bros. Edition is a 2015 role-playing puzzle video game for Nintendo 3DS developed by GungHo Online Entertainment. It is a compilation of Puzzle & Dragons Z (2013) and Puzzle & Dragons: Super Mario Bros. Edition (2015) from the Puzzle & Dragons series for North America and Europe. Before the bundled game was announced, the first game Puzzle & Dragons Z was released in Japan on December 12, 2013, and Puzzle & Dragons: Super Mario Bros. Edition was released in Japan on April 29, 2015. The bundled game was released in May 2015 for North America, Europe, Australia and South Korea.

Puzzle video game
Puzzle video games make up a broad genre of video games that emphasize puzzle solving. The types of puzzles can test problem-solving skills, including logic, pattern recognition, sequence solving, spatial recognition, and word completion. Many puzzle games involve a real-time element and require quick thinking, such as Tetris (1985) and Lemmings (1991).
Arp 273
Arp 273 is a pair of interacting galaxies, 300 million light years away in the constellation Andromeda. It was first described in the Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies, compiled by Halton Arp in 1966. The larger of the spiral galaxies, known as UGC 1810, is about five times more massive than the smaller galaxy. It has a disc that is tidally distorted into a rose-like shape by the gravitational pull of the companion galaxy below it, known as UGC 1813. The smaller galaxy shows distinct signs of active star formation at its nucleus, and "it is thought that the smaller galaxy has actually passed through the larger one."

One supernova has been observed in UGC 1810: SN 1962R (type unknown, mag. 15.9) was discovered on plates taken at the Lick Observatory in December 1962, and presumed to be of Type II.

Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies
The Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies is a catalog of peculiar galaxies produced by Halton Arp in 1966. A total of 338 galaxies are presented in the atlas, which was originally published in 1966 by the California Institute of Technology. The primary goal of the catalog was to present photographs of examples of the different kinds of peculiar structures found among galaxies.
Beatles '65
Beatles '65 is an album by the English rock band the Beatles that was issued in the United States and Canada in December 1964. Released as the North American alternative to Beatles for Sale, it was the band's fifth studio album culled by Capitol Records in the US from the Beatles' EMI releases. The LP was also issued in West Germany on the Odeon label.

In 2004, Beatles '65 was released on CD for the first time as part of The Capitol Albums, Volume 1 box set. In 2014, the album was reissued on CD, both individually and as part of the box set The U.S. Albums, using the UK mixes as remastered in 2009. In 2024, the album was reissued on vinyl as part of The Beatles: 1964 U.S. Albums in Mono, using the original master tapes rather than the UK mixes.

The Capitol Albums, Volume 1
The Capitol Albums, Volume 1 is a boxed set compilation comprising the Beatles' 1964 American Capitol Records releases. The set, which features the first official stereo versions of a number of tracks on CD, was released in late 2004.  The CDs were mastered from submaster tapes from the Capitol Records vaults which were originally prepared by Capitol A&R executive Dave Dexter Jr., who added reverb to several tracks and simulated stereo ("fake stereo") on some mono tracks.

The box set debuted on the Billboard 200 album chart on 4 December 2004 at number 35 with sales of 37,303 copies. It spent 6 weeks on the chart.  The box was certified with gold and platinum awards on 17 December 2004 by the RIAA.
Lødøen
Lødøen is a Norwegian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bjørg Lødøen (1931–2009), Norwegian painter, graphic artist, and composer

Henrik Lødøen (born 1991), Norwegian jazz drummer

Kristin Lødøen (born 1966), Norwegian photographer, visual artist, dancer, and choreographer

Scandinavian family name etymology
Heritable family names were generally adopted rather late within Scandinavia. Nobility were the first to take names that would be passed on from one generation to the next. Later, clergy, artisans and merchants in cities took heritable names. Family names (surnames) were still used together with primary patronyms (father's name plus an affix denoting relationship), which were used by all social classes. This meant that most families until modern times did not have surnames. Scandinavian patronyms were generally derived from the father's given name with the addition of a suffix meaning 'son' or 'daughter' or by occupation like Møller - ( Miller ) naming tradition remained commonly used throughout the Scandinavian countries during the time of surname formation.
Forms of the patronymic suffixes include: -son, -sen, -fen, -søn, -ler, -zen, -zon/zoon, and -sson,'datter'.
Gimmee Jimmy's Cookies
Gimmee Jimmy's Cookies was founded in 1983 in West Orange, New Jersey, United States, by Jimmy Libman. Born deaf, Libman overcame his "disability" to run the cookie company by himself for more than 20 years. To supplement his work, Libman hired other deaf workers, offering them a place to hone their skills, and showing everyone that being deaf is not a limitation on success.

North Jersey Media Group
North Jersey Media Group is a newspaper publishing company headquartered in Woodland Park, New Jersey and owned by the Gannett Company, Inc. It publishes The Record, the Herald News of Passaic County, the Daily Record of Morris County, and other community newspapers and publications.
TC (complexity)
In theoretical computer science, and specifically computational complexity theory and circuit complexity, TC (Threshold Circuit) is a complexity class of decision problems that can be recognized by threshold circuits, which are Boolean circuits with AND, OR, and Majority gates, or equivalently, threshold gates. For each fixed i, the complexity class TCi consists of all languages that can be recognized by a family of threshold circuits of depth , polynomial size, and unbounded fan-in. The class TC is defined via

The class was proposed in 1988 to formalize the computational complexity of artificial neural networks.

Circuit complexity
In theoretical computer science, circuit complexity is a branch of computational complexity theory in which Boolean functions are classified according to the size or depth of the Boolean circuits that compute them. A related notion is the circuit complexity of a recursive language that is decided by a uniform family of circuits  (see below).

Proving lower bounds on size of Boolean circuits computing explicit Boolean functions is a popular approach to separating complexity classes. For example, a prominent circuit class P/poly consists of Boolean functions computable by circuits of polynomial size. Proving that  would separate P and NP (see below).

Complexity classes defined in terms of Boolean circuits include AC0, AC, TC0, NC1, NC, and P/poly.