hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Martin (Missouri politician)
John Martin (born 1968 or 1969) is an American politician who was elected member of the Missouri House of Representatives for the 44th district in 2024. The district covers the eastern and southern portions of Boone County, including the cities of Centralia, Hallsville, and Ashland.

Martin holds a degree in Political Science and Economics from Southwest Baptist University and a Master of Theology degree from Midwestern Baptist Seminary. Martin is a small business owner in Columbia.

Missouri House of Representatives
The Missouri House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the Missouri General Assembly, the upper chamber being the Missouri Senate. It has 163 members, representing districts with an average size of 37,000 residents. House members are elected for two-year terms during general elections held in even-numbered years.

Missouri's house is the fourth largest in the United States even as the state ranks 18th in population. The only states with a larger lower house in the United States are New Hampshire (400), Pennsylvania (203), and Georgia (180). Republicans have controlled the State House since 2003.

The next election will be held in 2026.
A Session of the Painting Jury
A Session of the Painting Jury is an oil on canvas painting by the French artist Henri Gervex, probably from c. 1883. The painting, a piece of official art during the Third Republic, shows a meeting of the painting jury of the Salon, the official exhibition of the Académie des Beaux-Arts, in 1883.

Académie des Beaux-Arts
The Académie des Beaux-Arts (French pronunciation: [akademi de boz‿aʁ]; lit. 'Academy of Fine Arts') is a French learned society based in Paris. It is one of the five academies of the Institut de France. As of 2025, the president of the academy is Coline Serreau, a French actress and film director.
Seán Ryan (Offaly Gaelic footballer)
Seán Ryan (1939 - 1 March 2012) was an Irish Gaelic footballer. His league and championship career with the Offaly senior team spanned nine seasons from 1959 to 1966.

Ryan made his senior debut for Offaly during the 1958–59 league. Over the course of the next nine seasons he won two Leinster SFC medals. Ryan played his last game for Offaly in November 1966.

He played for St Monica's while working with Aer Lingus in London.

1958–59 National Football League (Ireland)
The 1958–59 National Football League was the 28th staging of the National Football League (NFL), an annual Gaelic football tournament for the Gaelic Athletic Association county teams of Ireland.

Leitrim reached their first and only NFL semi-final, and Derry reached their first final, where they lost to Kerry.
Adolf Jellinek
Adolf Jellinek (Hebrew: אהרן ילינק Aharon Jelinek; 26 June 1821 in Drslavice, Moravia – 28 December 1893 in Vienna) was an Austrian rabbi and scholar. After filling clerical posts in Leipzig (1845–1856), he became a preacher at the Leopoldstädter Tempel in Vienna in 1856.

Scholarly method
The scholarly method or scholarship is the body of principles and practices used by scholars and academics to make their claims about their subjects of expertise. These principles and practices aim to ensure the validity and trustworthiness of the claims, and to disseminate them to the scholarly community. It comprises the methods that systemically advance the teaching, research, and practice of a scholarly or academic field of study through rigorous inquiry. Scholarship is creative, can be documented, can be replicated, or elaborated, and that can be and is peer reviewed through various methods. The scholarly method includes the subcategories of the scientific method, with which scientists use to bolster their claims, and the historical method, with which historians use to verify their claims.
Vincenz Fettmilch
Vincenz Fettmilch (died 1616) was a grocer and gingerbread baker who led the Fettmilch uprising (1612–1616) of the guilds in Frankfurt-am-Main targeting the municipal council to determine the price of grain in an open market; disclose the special privileges of the aristocracy; and rob and expel Jews from the city whom he and his compatriots viewed as competition and usurers.

Gingerbread
Gingerbread refers to a broad category of baked goods, typically flavored with ginger, cloves, nutmeg, and cinnamon and sweetened with honey, sugar, or molasses. Gingerbread foods vary, ranging from a moist loaf cake to forms nearly as crisp as a ginger snap.
Haemaphysalis luzonensis
Haemaphysalis luzonensis, the Luzon mountain glossy haemaphysalid, is an ixodid tick native to Luzon Island, Republic of the Philippines first circumscribed by entomologists Dr. Harry Hoogstraal and United States Air Force Maj. Dale Parrish in 1968.  Its common name reflects its glossy and nearly apunctate, in comparison to other Haemaphysalis ticks, dorsal integument.

Harry Hoogstraal
Harry Hoogstraal (February 24, 1917 Chicago, Illinois – February 24, 1986 Cairo, Egypt) was an American entomologist and parasitologist.  He was described as "the greatest authority on ticks and tickborne diseases who ever lived."  The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene's Harry Hoogstraal Medal for Outstanding Achievement in Medical Entomology honors his contributions to science.
Regensburg Congress of 1459
The Regensburg Congress was a meeting of master masons (architects) of Gothic architecture in Regensburg, Bavaria in 1459. At this meeting, and the others that followed, the masters of the Holy Roman Empire specified the regulations of their trade. Such regulations included the secrecy of their methods of design.

The nineteen masters in attendance included those in charge of cathedrals in Regensburg, Vienna (Lorenz Spenning), Basel, Bern, Passau, Salzburg, Konstanz, Weissenau, Landshut, Ingolstadt, Weißenberg, Esslingen, Amberg, Hassfurt, Ochsenfurt and Cologne. The master of Strasbourg Cathedral, Jost Dotzinger, was put in control of all others.

Passau
Passau (German: [ˈpasaʊ] ⓘ; Central Bavarian: Båssa(u)) is a city in Lower Bavaria, Germany. It is also known as the Dreiflüssestadt ("City of Three Rivers"), as the river Danube is joined by the Inn from the south and the Ilz from the north.

Passau's population is about 50,000, of whom about 12,000 are students at the University of Passau, renowned in Germany for its institutes of economics, law, theology, computer science and cultural studies.
Aurantioideae
Aurantioideae (sometimes known as Citroideae) is the subfamily within the rue and citrus family (Rutaceae) that contains the citrus. The subfamily's center of diversity is in the monsoon region of eastern Australasia, extending west through South Asia into Africa, and eastwards into Polynesia.

Notable members include citrus (genus Citrus), bael (Aegle marmelos), curd fruit (Limonia acidissima), species of genus Murraya such as curry tree (M. koenigii) and orange jessamine (M. paniculata), and the small genus Clausena.

Curry tree
Bergera koenigii, commonly known as curry tree, curry bush or sweet neem, is a tree in the citrus family Rutaceae, first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1767. It is native to the Indian subcontinent, southern China and mainland Southeast Asia, and it has been introduced to other parts of southeast Asia and to Australia. Its leaves are used in many culinary dishes in India, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh.
Purcell Sea Sprite
The Purcell Sea Sprite was an experimental homebuilt glider aircraft.  It was intended to be operated by experienced pilots under 200 feet attached to a tow boat. Created by Thomas H. Purcell Jr. of Raleigh, North Carolina, the aircraft weighed about 175 pounds and could be built from plans for about $400 (in 1975 dollars).  There is a Sea Sprite on display at the North Carolina Aviation Museum in Asheboro, North Carolina.

Asheboro, North Carolina
Asheboro is a city in and the county seat of Randolph County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 27,156 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Greensboro-High Point Metropolitan Area of the Piedmont Triad and is home of the state-owned North Carolina Zoo.
Łąkie-Gogolin
Łąkie-Gogolin [ˈwɔnkʲɛ ɡɔˈɡɔlin] is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Lipka, within Złotów County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.

Before 1772 the area was part of Kingdom of Poland, 1772-1945 Prussia and Germany. For more on its history, see Złotów County.

First Partition of Poland
The First Partition of Poland took place in 1772 as the first of three partitions that eventually ended the existence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth by 1795. The growth of power in the Russian Empire threatened the Kingdom of Prussia and the Habsburg monarchy and was the primary motive behind the First Partition.

Frederick the Great, King in Prussia, engineered the partition to prevent Austria, which was envious of Russian successes against the Ottoman Empire, from going to war. Territories in Poland–Lithuania were divided by its more powerful neighbours (Austria, Russia and Prussia) to restore the regional balance of power in Central Europe among those three countries.

With Poland unable to defend itself effectively and foreign troops already inside the country, the Polish Sejm ratified the partition in 1773 during the Partition Sejm, which was convened by the three powers.
Unley Oval
Unley Oval is a multi-use, community owned stadium in Unley, an inner southern suburb of Adelaide, South Australia. It is a popular community recreation oval and greenspace and is used for lower-grade South Australian Grade Cricket League matches and is the home ground for the Sturt Football Club in the South Australian National Football League (SANFL). Originally known as the New Parkside Oval the land, at the time also including what is now the Sturt Bowling Club and the Sturt Lawn Tennis Club, was gifted to the community by Edmund Isaac Stephen Trimmer who in 1881 gave Unley Oval for the use by the people of Unley for “sport and public recreation”.

Unley, South Australia
Unley is an inner-southern suburb of Adelaide, South Australia, within the City of Unley. The suburb is the home of the Sturt Football Club in the South Australian National Football League (SANFL). Unley neighbours Adelaide Park Lands, Fullarton, Hyde Park, Malvern, Parkside and Wayville.

The boundaries of Unley are Greenhill Road (north), Unley Road, Maud Street and Windsor Street (east), Cremorne Street and Opey Avenue (south) and King William Road (west).

Unley is the family name of the wife of Thomas Whistler, owner of land in Unley which was laid out around 1857.
Imbophorus aptalis
Imbophorus aptalis is a species of moth of the family Pterophoridae. It is found in Australia (from northern Queensland to southern New South Wales and south-western Australia), as well as the New Hebrides, Fiji and Tonga.

The wingspan is about 17–25 mm.

The larvae feed on Astrotricha latifolia and Astrotricha floccosa.

Astrotricha floccosa
Astrotricha floccosa, known as the flannel leaf, is a plant found in eastern Australia. An erect shrub usually seen around 2 metres tall. Though it can grow to 4 metres tall.

The generic name comes from the Greek, meaning “star hairs”, referring to the covering of star like hairs. Floccosa is from the Latin, meaning woolly. The underside of the leaves and stems feature woolly white hairs.

It grows on poor soils in dry sclerophyll eucalyptus areas near Sydney, and as far west as Springwood in the lower Blue Mountains. Leaves are fairly narrow, 7.5 to 27 cm long, 2 to 5 cm wide, leaf stalks usually 10 to 30 mm long. Stalks of the similar Astrotricha latifolia are longer.
Sergey Khachatryan
Sergey Khachatryan (also spelled Sergei Khachatryan; Armenian: Սերգեյ Խաչատրյան) (born 5 April 1985 in Yerevan) is an Armenian violinist. Since 1993 he has lived in Germany where he gave his first orchestral concert at the age of nine in the Kurhaus, Wiesbaden.

He made his New York City debut on 4 August 2006, playing the Beethoven Violin Concerto in Avery Fisher Hall under the baton of Osmo Vänskä. In June 2013, he played Shostakovich's first Violin Concerto with the Seattle Symphony and Ludovic Morlot conducting.

Kurhaus, Wiesbaden
The Kurhaus ("cure house", German pronunciation: [ˈkuːɐ̯haʊ̯s]) is the spa house in Wiesbaden, the capital of Hesse, Germany. It serves as the city's convention centre, and the social center of the spa town. In addition to a large and a smaller hall, it houses a restaurant and the Wiesbaden Casino, or Spielbank, which is notable for allowing the "highest roulette stakes in Germany" (as of 2005), and where Fyodor Dostoyevsky was said to have received the inspiration for his novel The Gambler.
Christopher Powell (cricketer)
Christopher Michael Powell (born 9 December 1994) is a Jamaican cricketer who has played for the Combined Campuses and Colleges in West Indian domestic cricket. He is a right-arm fast-medium bowler.

Powell made his List A debut in January 2015, playing for the Combined Campuses against Guyana in the 2014–15 Regional Super50. On debut, he opened the bowling with Kyle Mayers, taking 1/40 from nine overs. While batting, he came in to bat with the score at 112/8, and proceeded to score 27 not out from 29 balls, taking his team to a one-wicket victory. In his next match for the team, a semi-final against Trinidad and Tobago, Powell took 5/22 from seven overs, although his performance was not enough to secure a win.

2014–15 Regional Super50
The 2014–15 NAGICO Super50 was the 41st season of the Regional Super50, the domestic limited-overs cricket competition for the countries of the West Indies Cricket Board (WICB). The competition was played as a standalone tournament, with all matches held in Trinidad and Tobago.

Eight teams contested the competition – the six regular teams of West Indian domestic cricket (Barbados, Guyana, Jamaica, the Leeward Islands, Trinidad and Tobago, and the Windward Islands), and two development teams (Combined Campuses and Colleges and the West Indies under-19 side). The early stages were interrupted by rain, with three matches abandoned in one group. Trinidad and Tobago were undefeated in the group stages, and were eventually joined in the final by Guyana. The final was played at Queen's Park Oval, Port of Spain, with the home team winning by 135 runs to claim its 11th domestic one-day title.
Bowe
Bowe is an English and Irish surname. In Ireland it represents at least one distinct family, the surname originally Ó Buadhaigh meaning victorious. People with this name include:

Alice Bowe, English garden designer

Brittany Bowe, American speed skater

Dante Bowe, American musician

David Bowe (actor) (21st century), American film actor

David Bowe (politician) (born 1955), British politician

Dwayne Bowe (born 1984), American football player

Frank Bowe (1947–2007), disability rights activist, author, and teacher

John Bowe (actor) (born 1950), English actor

John Bowe (author) (born 1964), American journalist

John Bowe (1911–1990), Australian footballer

John Bowe (racing driver) (born 1954), Australian racing driver

Len Bowe (1885–1954), Australian footballer

Riddick Bowe (born 1967), American boxer

Rosemarie Bowe (1932–2019), American actress

Steph Bowe (1994–2020), Australian author and public speaker

Tommy Bowe (born 1984), Irish rugby player

Steph Bowe
Steph Bowe (1 February 1994 – 20 January 2020) was an Australian novelist and blogger. She published three young adult novels between 2010 and 2017 and is best known for her final novel, Night Swimming. She was known for mentoring young writers around Australia. Her blog, which she began at age 15, was also popular and received about 12,000 hits per month.

Bowe was diagnosed with T-lymphoblastic lymphoma in April 2019, and died from the condition on 20 January 2020. She was 25 years old.

In February 2021 Text Publishing announced the Steph Bowe Mentorship for Young Writers. It is open to writers under 25 years of age and provides 20 hours of manuscript development assistance and writers' centre membership to the winner.
Abd al-Rahman ibn Khalid
Abd al-Rahman ibn Khalid ibn al-Walid (Arabic: عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَن بْنِ خَالِد بْنِ الْوَلِيد, romanized: ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Khālid ibn al-Walīd; 616–666) was the governor of Homs under caliphs Uthman (r. 644–656) and Mu'awiya I (r. 661–680). During Mu'awiya's governorship of Syria (639–661), Abd al-Rahman commanded a number of campaigns against the Byzantine Empire and defended the Upper Mesopotamian frontier from the Iraq-based forces of Caliph Ali (r. 656–661). He fought reputably against the latter at the Battle of Siffin in 657 and continued his governorship of Homs and campaigns against the Byzantines after Mu'awiya became caliph in 661. His battlefield reputation and descent from his father, the prominent general Khalid ibn al-Walid, made him particularly popular among the Arabs of Syria. Mu'awiya ultimately perceived him as a potential rival of his own son Yazid, who he was grooming as his successor, which led the caliph to allegedly order Abd al-Rahman's poisoning in 666.

Encyclopaedia of Islam
The Encyclopaedia of Islam (also French: Encyclopédie de l'Islam and German: Enzyklopädie des Islām; EI is a common abbreviation in all three languages) is a reference work that facilitates the academic study of Islam. It is published by Brill and provides information on various aspects of Islam and the Islamic world. It is considered to be the standard reference work in the field of Islamic studies. The first edition was published in 1913–1938, the second in 1954–2005, and the third was begun in 2007.
Max van Heeswijk
Max Lambert Peter van Heeswijk (born 2 March 1973 in  Hoensbroek, Limburg) is a Dutch retired professional road racing cyclist. He finished 15th road race at the 2000 Summer Olympics and 17th in the road race at the 2004 Summer Olympics.

Cycling at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's individual road race
The men's individual road race was a cycling event at the 2004 Summer Olympics. It was held on 14 August 2004. There were 144 competitors from 43 nations. The maximum number of cyclists per nation had been set at five since professionals were allowed in 1996. The event was won by Paolo Bettini of Italy, the nation's first victory in the men's individual road race since 1992 and fifth overall (three more than any other nation). Sérgio Paulinho's silver was Portugal's first medal in the event. Belgium earned its first medal in the men's road race since 1964 with Axel Merckx's bronze.
Peperomia trinervula
Peperomia trinervula is a species of perennial epiphyte or lithophyte in the genus Peperomia found in Panama and some parts of South America. It primarily grows on wet tropical biomes. Its conservation status is Not Threatened.

Lithophyte
Lithophytes are plants that grow in or on rocks.  Epilithic (or epipetric) lithophytes grow on the surfaces of rocks, while endolithic (or chasmophytes) lithophytes grow in the cracks or crevices of rocks. Obligate lithophytes grow solely on rocks, while facultative lithophytes will grow partially on a rock and on another substrate simultaneously.
Scythropiodes triangulus
Scythropiodes triangulus is a moth in the family Lecithoceridae. It was described by Kyu-Tek Park and Chun-Sheng Wu in 1997. It is found in the Chinese provinces of Hainan, Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi.

The wingspan is about 23 mm.

Lecithoceridae
The Lecithoceridae, or long-horned moths, are a family of small moths described by Simon Le Marchand in 1947. Although lecithocerids are found throughout the world, the great majority are found in the Indomalayan realm and the southern part of the Palaearctic realm.
Noralma Vera Arrata
Noralma Vera Arrata (born 28 August 1936) is a former Ecuadorian prima ballerina and choreographer.

Vera Arrata was born in Guayaquil, Ecuador where she grew up as the only daughter among three sons of the distinguished politician  and former Culture minister Alfredo Vera Vera and his wife, Baltita Arrata Macias.
She comes from a prominent intellectual family in the country. Her brother, Alfredo Vera Arrata, is a former Education minister and Minister of Interior of Ecuador. Her uncle was the writer  Pedro Jorge Vera. 
Noralma Vera married 1959 the painter Patricio Cueva Jaramillo in Ecuador in order to departure with him to Cuba. Her father-in-law was the politician Carlos Cueva Tamaríz.

Education minister
An education minister (sometimes minister of education) is a position in the governments of some countries responsible for dealing with educational matters. Where known, the government department, ministry, or agency that develops policy and delivers services relating to sports are listed; overseen by and responsible to the education minister. The first such ministry ever is considered to be the Commission of National Education (Polish: Komisja Edukacji Narodowej, Lithuanian: Edukacinė komisija) founded in 1773 in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
Sienna, Silesian Voivodeship
Sienna [ˈɕɛnna] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lipowa, within Żywiec County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland.

The village was established in 1608 by Mikołaj Komorowski, the owner of Żywiec Latifundium.

Latifundium
In Ancient Rome, a latifundium (pl. latifundia; from Latin: latus 'spacious' and fundus, 'farm, estate') was a great landed estate specialising in agriculture destined for sale: grain, olive oil, or wine. They were characteristic of Magna Graecia and Sicily, Egypt, Northwest Africa and Hispania Baetica. The latifundia were the closest approximation to industrialised agriculture in antiquity, and their economics depended upon slavery.

In the modern colonial period, the word was borrowed in Portuguese (latifúndios) and Spanish (latifundios or simply fundos) for similar extensive land grants, known as fazendas (in Portuguese) or haciendas (in Spanish), in their empires.
Guy Mark Foster
Guy Mark Foster is an American writer and academic. His short story collection The Rest of Us was a finalist for the Lambda Literary Award for Debut Fiction at the 26th Lambda Literary Awards in 2014.

A professor of African-American literature and sexuality studies at Bowdoin College, Foster's stories have also appeared in the anthologies Shadows of Love: American Gay Fiction, Brother to Brother: New Writings by Black Gay Men, and Ancestral House: The Black Short Story in the Americas and Europe.  He received his Ph.D. from Brown University.

Bowdoin College
Bowdoin College (/ˈboʊdɪn/ ⓘ BOH-din) is a private liberal arts college in Brunswick, Maine, United States. It was chartered in 1794.

In addition to its Brunswick campus, Bowdoin owns a 118-acre (48 ha) coastal studies center on Orr's Island and a 200-acre (81 ha) scientific field station on Kent Island in the Bay of Fundy.

The college was a founding member of its athletic conference, the New England Small College Athletic Conference, and the Colby-Bates-Bowdoin Consortium, an athletic conference and inter-library exchange with Bates College and Colby College. Bowdoin has over 30 varsity teams, and the school mascot was selected as a polar bear in 1913 to honor Robert Peary, a Bowdoin alumnus who claimed to have led the first successful expedition to the North Pole.
Azatlı
Azatlı is a town (belde) in the Çiftlik District, Niğde Province, Turkey. Its population is 3,670 (2022). It is situated at about 1,600 m (5,200 ft) elevation on the western slopes of a mountainous area. Its  distance to Niğde is 65 kilometres (40 mi). In 1973 it was declared a seat of township. 
Main economic activity is agriculture and the main crop is potato.

Niğde
Niğde (Turkish pronunciation: [ni:de]; Ancient Greek: Νίγδη; Hittite: Nahita, Naxita) is a city and is located in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey. It is the seat of Niğde Province and Niğde District. Its population is 170,511 (2022). It lies at an elevation of 1,276 m (4,186 ft).

The city is small with plenty of green space and gardens around the houses. Its people generally tend to be religious and conservative.

Medieval monuments are scattered about the centre of the town, especially around the market place.

The nearest airport is Nevşehir Kapadokya Airport (NAV) which is 90.6 km (50.6 miles) away.