hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1905 in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1905.

Burrow
A burrow is a hole or tunnel excavated into the ground by an animal to construct a space suitable for habitation or temporary refuge, or as a byproduct of locomotion. Burrows provide a form of shelter against predation and exposure to the elements, and can be found in nearly every biome and among various biological interaction types, including symbiosis and competition. Many animal species are known to form burrows. These species range from small amphipods, to very large vertebrate species such as the polar bear. Burrows can be constructed into a wide variety of substrates and can range in complexity from a simple tube a few centimeters long to a complex network of interconnecting tunnels and chambers hundreds or thousands of meters in total length; an example of the latter level of complexity, a well-developed burrow, would be a rabbit warren.
Michèle Fabien
Michèle Gérard (she wrote under the name Michèle Fabien) (April 2, 1945 – September 10, 1999) was a Belgian writer and playwright.

The daughter of Albert S. Gérard, a professor of literature, she was born in Genk. She received a PhD from the University of Liège. With Marc Liebens, she helped create the Ensemble Théâtral Mobile, a Belgian theatre company, and was one its resident writers from 1974.

Fabien suffered a cerebral hemorrhage and died a few days later at the age of 54 in Caen, Normandy. She was buried at Saint-Pierre-la-Vieille cemetery.

Saint-Pierre-la-Vieille
Saint-Pierre-la-Vieille (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ pjɛʁ la vjɛj] ⓘ) is a former commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Condé-en-Normandie.

The former commune is part of the area known as Suisse Normande.
AVOW
AVOW is a German company that specializes in acquiring new users for mobile app developers and brands. AVOW has partnerships with global mobile OEMs such as Samsung, Xiaomi, Huawei, Vivo, OPPO, OnePlus, realme, Transsion, Itel, Tecno and Infinix.

Realme
Realme (stylized in all lowercase) is a multinational Chinese consumer electronics manufacturer based in Shenzhen, Guangdong. It was founded by Li Bingzhong (known as Sky Li) and Madhav Sheth on May 4, 2018, who was a former vice president of Oppo. Realme became the fastest-growing 5G smartphone brand in Q3 2021.

In June 2020, the number of Realme's global smartphone users reached 35 million, and AIoT product sales broke a record of 1 million. According to Counterpoint Statistics, Realme ranked 7th in the ranking of the number of smartphones produced globally in the first quarter of 2020, with an annual growth rate of 157%, ranking first in the world.

As of 2024, Realme claimed to be in  27 markets worldwide, including Asia, Europe, Russia, Australia, and Egypt.

Realme announced on 7 January 2026 that it was being integrated into Oppo as a sub-brand, in efforts to pool resources and cut costs.
ARA FC
ARA Football Club is an Indian professional football club based in Ahmedabad, Gujarat. Founded in 2016, the club is nicknamed "Ahmedabad Alphas", and previously competed in I-League 2nd Division. ARA FC is the first professional team from Gujarat to compete in the nationwide league. The club also competes in Gujarat SFA Club Championship.

Their reserve and youth teams play in both Hero Sub-Junior League and Hero Elite League, while the women's team is a member of Indian Women's League.

All India Football Federation
All India Football Federation (AIFF) is the governing body of football, futsal and beach soccer in India. It is a member of FIFA, and is affiliated with the Asian Football Confederation and South Asian Football Federation.

It is affiliated with the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, Government of India. India men's and women's football teams are governed by the AIFF, and represent India in various international football tournaments.

The AIFF manages, sanctions, conducts, schedules and runs all national level football tournaments and leagues in India, including Indian Super League, I-League, I-League 2, I-League 3, Indian Women's League, Indian Women's League 2, Santosh Trophy, Rajmata Jijabai Trophy, Futsal Club Championship, National Beach Soccer Championship, Super Cup, Durand Cup, Youth League and others. The federation also indirectly manages local football competitions through its member associations.
Werner Krenn
Werner Krenn (born 21 September 1943 in Vienna) is an Austrian tenor.

Krenn received his first musical training as a member of the boys' choir Wiener Sängerknaben. He later studied bassoon and was principal bassoonist of the Wiener Symphoniker from 1962 to 1966. His singing talents were recognized, embarked upon voice lessons with Elisabeth Rado. Krenn made his operatic debut in The Fairy Queen at the Berlin Deutsche Oper. He made a number of notable recordings of Schubert in the late 1960s. He was a regular performer with the Vienna State Opera in the 1970s. Krenn performed in Salzburg in Beethoven’s Missa Solemnis, conducted by Herbert von Karajan. The Musical Times said of him in 1971, "Werner Krenn's voice is sweet and true and earnest". He has performed with the Scottish Opera and the BBC International Concert at the Royal Festival Hall. He is married to soprano Helga Dernesch.

Vienna Symphony
The Vienna Symphony (Vienna Symphony Orchestra, German: Wiener Symphoniker) is an Austrian orchestra based in Vienna. Its primary concert venue is the Vienna Konzerthaus. In Vienna, the orchestra also performs at the Musikverein and at the Theater an der Wien.
Usha Rani Mondal
Usha Rani Mondal is an Indian politician. In 2011,2016 and 2021 she was elected as MLA of Minakhan Vidhan Sabha Constituency in West Bengal Legislative Assembly. She is an All India Trinamool Congress politician.

Trinamool Congress
The Trinamool Congress (TMC; transl. Grassroots Congress), officially All India Trinamool Congress, is an Indian political party that is mainly influential in the state of West Bengal. It was founded by Mamata Banerjee on 1 January 1998 as a breakaway faction of the Indian National Congress and rapidly rose to prominence in the politics of West Bengal under her leadership. Presently, it is ruling the state of West Bengal beside being the third-largest party in India in terms of number of MPs just after the Bharatiya Janata Party and National Congress.

The party won a historic victory in the 2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election by ending the 34-year-long Left Front rule, world's longest democratically elected communist government. It has won a three-time majority in the West Bengal Legislative Assembly and has been the ruling party in West Bengal since 20 May 2011. AITC is led by Mamata Banerjee as the chairperson of the party.
ART Grand Prix
ART Grand Prix is a French motor racing team that competes in formula single-seaters in Europe. In 2012, it competed in the GP2 Series and GP3 Series as Lotus GP to reflect sponsorship from British sports and racing car manufacturer Lotus. The team competed as Lotus ART in 2011.

Open-wheel car
An open-wheel car is a car with the wheels outside the car's main body, and usually having only one seat. Open-wheel cars contrast with street cars, sports cars, stock cars, and touring cars, which have their wheels below the body or inside fenders. Open-wheel cars are built both for road racing and oval track racing. Open-wheel cars licensed for use on public roads (street legal), such as the Ariel Atom, are uncommon, as they are often impractical for everyday use.
Kumar Malavalli
Kumar Malavalli is an Indian American technology entrepreneur and philanthropist. In 1995, he founded Brocade Communications Systems with Paul Bonderson Jr. He currently serves as chairman of C3DNA Inc. and as a partner at VKRM Services, a boutique investment firm. He has also served on the boards of the Storage Networking Industry Association and the Fibre Channel Industry Association.

Malavalli was presented with an honorary doctor of science degree by California State University, East Bay in 2013. The Kumar Malavalli Endowed Chair in Storage Systems Research at the University of California Santa Cruz's Jack Baskin School of Engineering was established in 2004 following a $1 million donation from Malavalli. Professor Heiner Litz currently holds the Kumar Malavalli Chair.

Malavalli is a member of the Silicon Valley Hall Engineering Hall of Fame.

Storage Networking Industry Association
The Storage Networking Industry Association (SNIA) is an American trade association, incorporated in December 1997. It is a registered 501(c)(6) non-profit organization. SNIA has more than 185 unique members, 2,000 active contributing members, and over 50,000 IT end users and storage professionals.
Phlox roemeriana
Phlox roemeriana, the goldeneye phlox, is a species of flowering plant in the family Polemoniaceae, native to Texas. There it is found only on dry limestone soils of the Edwards Plateau and nearby areas of the High Plains. An annual reaching 13 cm (5 in), it has pink flowers with a yellow center.

Edwards Plateau
The Edwards Plateau is a geographic region forming the crossroads of Central, South and West Texas, United States. It is named in honor of Haden Edwards. It is bounded by the Balcones Fault to the south and east; the Llano Uplift and the Llano Estacado to the north; and the Pecos River and Chihuahuan Desert to the west. San Angelo, Austin, San Antonio and Del Rio roughly outline the area. The plateau, especially its southeast portion, is also known as the Texas Hill Country.
Erigeron trifidus
Erigeron trifidus is a Canadian species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common name Alberta fleabane. It is native to the provinces of Alberta and British Columbia in western Canada.

Erigeron trifidus grows on talus and scree slopes in alpine zones at high elevations. It is a small perennial herb rarely more than 10 centimeters (4 inches) tall, producing a branching underground caudex. Leaves are usually 3-lobed, up to 3 cm (1.2 inches) long. The inflorescence is made up of only one flower heads per stem. Each head contains 20–40 white, lavender, or pink ray florets surrounding numerous yellow disc florets.

Alpine tundra
Alpine tundra is a type of natural region or biome that does not contain trees because it is at high elevation, with an associated harsh climate. As the latitude of a location approaches the poles, the threshold elevation for alpine tundra gets lower until it reaches sea level and merges with polar tundra.

The high elevation causes an adverse climate, which is too cold and windy to support tree growth. Alpine tundra transitions to sub-alpine forests below the tree line; stunted forests occurring at the forest-tundra ecotone are known as krummholz. With increasing elevation it ends at the snow line where snow and ice persist through summer.

Alpine tundra occurs in mountains worldwide. The flora of the alpine tundra is characterized by dwarf shrubs close to the ground. The cold climate of the alpine tundra is caused by adiabatic cooling of air, and is similar to polar climate.
2018 BB&T Atlanta Open
The 2018 BB&T Atlanta Open was a professional men's tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the 31st edition of the tournament, and part of the 2018 ATP World Tour. It took place at Atlantic Station in Atlanta, United States between July 23 and 29, 2018. It was the first men's event of the 2018 US Open Series. First-seeded John Isner won the singles title.

James Duckworth (tennis)
James “Quackerjack” Duckworth (born 21 January 1992) is an Australian professional tennis player. He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of World No. 46 achieved on 31 January 2022 and No. 185 in doubles achieved on 10 February 2020. Duckworth represented Australia in tennis at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics and the 2022 ATP Cup.

As a junior, Duckworth enjoyed a successful career which included winning three titles and reaching the semifinals of the 2010 French Open.
Stephen Collis
Stephen Collis is a Canadian poet and professor. Collis is the author of several books of poetry, including On the Material (Talonbooks, 2010) and three parts of the on-going “Barricades Project”: Anarchive (New Star, 2005), The Commons (Talonbooks, 2008, 2014), and To the Barricades (Talonbooks, 2013). He is also the author of three books of non-fiction: Almost Islands: Phyllis Webb and the Pursuit of the Unwritten  (Talonbooks, 2018), Dispatches from the Occupation (Talonbooks, 2012), and Phyllis Webb and the Common Good (Talonbooks, 2007). In 2011, he won the Dorothy Livesay Poetry Prize for the collection On the Material (Talonbooks, 2010). In 2019, he won the Latner Writers' Trust Poetry Prize. He wrote Mine in 2001, Anarchive in 2005 and The Commons in 2008, and was previously shortlisted for the Dorothy Livesay Award in 2006 for Anarchive. He teaches poetry and American literature at Simon Fraser University.

Dorothy Livesay
Dorothy Kathleen May Livesay, OC OBC FRSC (October 12, 1909 – December 29, 1996) was a Canadian poet who twice won the Governor General's Award in the 1940s, and was "senior woman writer in Canada" during the 1970s and 1980s.
Martin Ragginger
Martin Ragginger (born 29 March 1988 in Wals-Siezenheim) is an Austrian racing driver who last competed for Team Porsche Holding in Porsche Carrera Cup Asia.

A Red Bull and Porsche junior in his youth, Ragginger has tasted success in the ADAC GT Masters, and won the 24 Hours of Spa overall in 2010 aged only 22. He has raced for Falken Motorsports in both the American Le Mans Series and Nürburgring 24 Hours.

ADAC GT Masters
The ADAC GT Masters is a grand tourer-based auto racing series founded by the international Stéphane Ratel Organisation (SRO) and supported by the German ADAC automotive club.  Similar to an earlier ADAC GT Cup series in the 1990s, the new GT Masters ran their first season in 2007. Although the series is based in Germany, select events are run elsewhere in Europe.
Bled agreement (1947)
The Bled agreement (also referred to as the "Tito–Dimitrov treaty") was signed on 1 August 1947 by Georgi Dimitrov and Josip Broz Tito in Bled, PR Slovenia, FPR Yugoslavia and paved the way for a future unification of Bulgaria and Yugoslavia in a new Balkan Federation. It also foresaw the reunification of Vardar Macedonia and Pirin Macedonia and the return of Western Outlands to Bulgaria. The agreement abolished visas and allowed for a customs union. It was also the first time that Bulgaria recognized ethnic Macedonians and the Macedonian language.

Customs union
A customs union is generally defined as a type of trade bloc which is composed of a free trade area with a common external tariff.

Customs unions are established through trade pacts where the participant countries set up common external trade policy (in some cases they use different import quotas). Common competition policy is also helpful to avoid competition deficiency.

Reasons for establishing a customs union normally include increasing economic efficiency and establishing closer political and cultural ties between the member countries. It is the third stage of economic integration. Every economic union, customs and monetary union and economic and monetary union includes a customs union.
The Rooftops of Ostend
The Rooftops of Ostend is an oil-on-canvas painting by the Flemish expressionist painter James Ensor. This painting is on the official inventory of Flemish masterpieces. The Rooftops of Ostend is in the possession of Royal Museum of Fine Arts Antwerp.

Flemish Region
The Flemish Region (Dutch: Vlaams Gewest, pronounced [ˌvlaːms xəˈʋɛst] ⓘ), usually simply referred to as Flanders (Dutch: Vlaanderen [ˈvlaːndərə(n)] ⓘ), is one of the three regions of Belgium—alongside the Walloon Region and the Brussels-Capital Region. Covering the northern portion of the country, the Flemish Region is primarily Dutch-speaking. With an area of 13,626 km2 (5,261 sq mi), it accounts for only 45% of Belgium's territory, but 58% of its population. It is one of the most densely populated regions of Europe with around 500/km2 (1,300/sq mi).

The Flemish Region is distinct from the Flemish Community: the latter encompasses both the inhabitants of the Flemish Region and the Dutch-speaking minority living in the Brussels-Capital Region. It borders the Netherlands and France.
Margareta Arvidsson
Margareta Arvidsson (born 12 October 1947) is a Swedish actress, fashion model and beauty queen who was crowned as the 1966 Miss Universe at age 18. She represented Vänersborg in the 1966 Miss Sweden Pageant. She was the second Swedish woman to win the crown, 11 years after Hillevi Rombin.

Arvidsson won the Miss Photogenic title at the 15th Annual Miss Universe Pageant which was held in Miami Beach, Florida, culminating with her crowning on 16 July 1966. After her crowning, she walked to greet the audience, was interviewed by the pageant host, and posed for pictures with the runners-up, sitting on the throne.

In March 1999, Margareta Arvidsson was a guest of honor at the 50th Anniversary of the Miss Sweden Pageant.

Miss Universe
Miss Universe is an annual international major beauty pageant that is run by the Thailand and Mexican-based Miss Universe Organization. Along with Miss World, Miss International, and Miss Earth, it is one of the Big Four beauty pageants.

The Miss Universe Organization and its brand is owned by JKN Global Group and Legacy Holding Group USA Inc., an American division of Mexican company Legacy Holding through the joint venture company JKN Legacy Inc. Telemundo had the licensing rights to air the pageant through 2023. The pageant's advocacy is "humanitarian issues and is a voice to affect positive change in the world".

The reigning Miss Universe is Fátima Bosch from Mexico who was crowned on November 20, 2025, in Pak Kret, Thailand.
Amnon Yariv
Amnon Yariv (Hebrew: אמנון יריב; born April 13, 1930) is an Israeli-American professor of applied physics and electrical engineering at Caltech, known for innovations in optoelectronics. Yariv obtained his B.S., M.S. and PhD. in electrical engineering from the University of California, Berkeley in 1954, 1956 and 1958, respectively.

Applied physics
Applied physics is the application of physics to solve scientific or engineering problems. It is usually considered a bridge or a connection between physics and engineering.
"Applied" is distinguished from "pure" by a subtle combination of factors, such as the motivation and attitude of researchers and the nature of the relationship to the technology or science that may be affected by the work. Applied physics is rooted in the fundamental truths and basic concepts of the physical sciences but is concerned with the utilization of scientific principles in practical devices and systems and with the application of physics in other areas of science and high technology.
Lindsey German
Lindsey Ann German (born 1951) is a British left-wing political activist. A founding member and convenor of the British anti-war organisation Stop the War Coalition, she was formerly a member of the Socialist Workers Party, sitting on its central committee and being editor of its magazine, Socialist Review.

German has twice stood as a left-wing candidate for Mayor of London, coming fifth in 2004, and as the Left List mayoral candidate in the May 2008 elections. In February 2010, following "increasing disenchantment" with the leadership, she resigned from the SWP, after 37 years' membership.

Political movement
A political movement is a collective attempt by a group of people to change government policy or social values. Political movements are usually in opposition to an element of the status quo, and are often associated with a certain ideology. Some theories of political movements are the political opportunity theory, which states that political movements stem from mere circumstances, and the resource mobilization theory which states that political movements result from strategic organization and relevant resources. Political movements are also related to political parties in the sense that they both aim to make an impact on the government and that several political parties have emerged from initial political movements. While political parties are engaged with a multitude of issues, political movements tend to focus on only one major issue.
Rhamphomyia simplex
Rhamphomyia simplex is a species of dance flies, in the fly family Empididae. It has a limited distribution. It is known from Ireland, east to Germany and from Sweden, Finland and north-west Russia.

Rhamphomyia simplex specimen North Wales

Empididae
Empididae is a family of flies with over 3,000 described species occurring worldwide in all the biogeographic realms but the majority are found in the Holarctic. They are mainly predatory flies like most of their relatives in the Empidoidea, and exhibit a wide range of forms but are generally small to medium-sized, non-metallic and rather bristly.

Common names for members of this family are dagger flies (referring to the sharp piercing mouthparts of some species) and balloon flies. The term "dance flies" is sometimes used for this family too, but the dance flies proper, formerly included herein, are now considered a separate family Hybotidae.
Morgan County, Alabama
Morgan County is a county in the north-central part of the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2020 census, its population was 123,421. The county seat is Decatur. On June 14, 1821, it was renamed in honor of American Revolutionary War General Daniel Morgan of Virginia. It is a prohibition or dry county, although alcohol sales are allowed in the cities of Decatur, Hartselle, and Priceville. Morgan County is included in the Decatur, AL Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Huntsville-Decatur-Albertville, AL Combined Statistical Area. It is a part of the North, Northwest, and North-Central regions of Alabama.

Dry county
In the United States, a dry county is a county whose local government forbids the sale of any kind of alcoholic beverages. Some prohibit off-premises sale, some prohibit on-premises sale, and some prohibit both. The vast majority of counties now permit the sale of alcohol in at least some circumstances, but some dry counties remain, mostly in the Southern United States; the largest number are in Arkansas, where 30 counties are dry.

A number of smaller jurisdictions also exist, such as cities, towns, and townships, which prohibit the sale of alcoholic beverages and are known as dry cities, dry towns, or dry townships. Dry jurisdictions can be contrasted with "wet" (in which alcohol sales are allowed and regulated) and "moist" (in which some sales of alcohol are permitted, or a dry county containing wet cities).