hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bill Mishalow
Wadim Mishalow is an American retired soccer goalkeeper who played in the North American Soccer League and the Major Indoor Soccer League.

Mishalow attended the University of Alabama, Huntsville, playing on the men's soccer team from 1973 to 1975.  In 1976, he turned professional with the Los Angeles Aztecs of the North American Soccer League.  He spent three seasons in Los Angeles before moving to the Memphis Rogues for the start of the 1979 season.  He finished the season with the New England Tea Men.  In the fall of 1979, he signed with the Pittsburgh Spirit of the Major Indoor Soccer League but injuries prevented him from playing until the end of December.  He was back in the NASL in 1980 with the Atlanta Chiefs.  The Chiefs then sent him to the Chicago Sting where he played the 1980–1981 NASL indoor season.  In the fall of 1981, he was back in the MISL, this time with the Memphis Americans.  He played three seasons with the Americans.

Pittsburgh Spirit
Pittsburgh Spirit was an indoor soccer team based in Pittsburgh and one of the original six teams that played in the Major Indoor Soccer League (MISL).  The Spirit was founded in 1978, suspended operation for the 1980–81 season, then returned to the MISL until owner Edward J. DeBartolo Sr. folded the team on April 11, 1986.  In its seven seasons of play in Pittsburgh, the Spirit amassed an overall regular season win-loss record of 153–139, two postseason appearances, and an average regular season attendance of 6,351.
Megillat Taanit
Megillat Taanit (Hebrew: מגילת תענית, romanized: məḡillaṯ taʿaniṯ), lit. "the Scroll of Fasting," is an ancient text, in the form of a chronicle, which enumerates 35 eventful days on which Jews either performed glorious deeds or witnessed joyful events.  Despite the scroll's name, these were celebrated as feast days. Public mourning was forbidden on fourteen of them and public fasting on all.

The work was probably written late in the Second Temple period, perhaps from 40–70 CE in the 1st century.  The last event dated without dispute is Emperor Caligula's order to place a statue of himself in the Second Temple (c. 39 CE).  A few scholars think it references events after the destruction of the Temple in 70 CE. References to it in other literature suggest it certainly existed by the 2nd century. The author is unknown, although various rabbinic works speculate on how it was composed.

Sivan
Sivan (Hebrew: סִיוָן, Modern: Sivan, Tiberian: Siwān, from Akkadian simānu, meaning "season; time") is the ninth month of the civil year and the third month of the religious year on the Hebrew calendar. It is a month of 30 days. Sivan usually falls in May–June on the Gregorian calendar.

Along with all other current, post-biblical Jewish month names, Sivan was adopted during the Babylonian captivity. In the Babylonian calendar it was named Araḫ Simanu.
Richard, Count of Étampes
Richard, Count of Montfort, Vertus, and Étampes (c. 1396 – 2 June 1438), was a Breton nobleman from the House of Dreux-Montfort. Not much is known of his life, except that he was the father of Francis II, Duke of Brittany. In his lifetime, he held many titles and positions. He was appointed captain-general of Guyenne and Poitou in 1419, became the count of Étampes (comte d'Étampes) and lord of Palluau, Bourgomeaux, and Ligron (seigneur de Palluau et de Châteaumur de Thouarcé, de Bourgomeaux-l'Evêque, et de Ligron) on 8 May 1423; and count of Mantes in October 1425.

Mantes-la-Jolie
Mantes-la-Jolie (French pronunciation: [mɑ̃t la ʒɔli] ⓘ, often informally called Mantes) is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France region of north-central France. It is located to the west of Paris, 48.4 km (30.1 mi) from the centre of the capital. Mantes-la-Jolie is a subprefecture of Yvelines.
Per Reidarson
Per Reidarson (27 May 1879 – 21 January 1954) was a Norwegian composer and music critic.

In the early twentieth century he was an acknowledged composer. For his body of work he was granted kunstnerlønn, a guaranteed minimum income for artists, by the Norwegian state in 1938. He had also worked as a music critic in the newspapers Tidens Tegn and Arbeiderbladet.

However, he eventually joined the political party Nasjonal Samling and began writing for their official publication Fritt Folk. In 1941–1942, while Norway was occupied by Germany, he held the lecture Norsk og unorsk i musikken ('Norwegian and Un-Norwegian in Music'), anger directed at the perceived "Jewish and Marxist" Modernist music.

In 1945, when the occupation of Norway ended, Reidarson was marginalized and immediately lost his artist's income.

Music criticism
The Oxford Companion to Music defines music criticism as "the intellectual activity of formulating judgments on the value and degree of excellence of individual works of music, or whole groups or genres". In this sense, it is a branch of musical aesthetics.

With the concurrent expansion of interest in music and information media since the turn of the 20th century, the term has come to acquire the conventional meaning of journalistic reporting on musical performances.
Da Goodness
"Da Goodness" is a song by American rapper Redman with a verse by fellow rapper Busta Rhymes. It was released on January 12, 1999, via Def Jam Recordings as the second single from Redman's fourth solo studio album, Doc's da Name 2000. Production was handled by Redman himself, who used an interpolation of "Caravan" written by Duke Ellington, Juan Tizol, and Irving Mills.

The song did not reach the US Billboard Hot 100, however, it made it to number 50 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs, number 38 on the R&B/Hip-Hop Airplay, and number 9 on the Hot Rap Songs in the United States. In the UK, the song was more successful, peaking at number 52 on the UK Singles Chart and number 5 on both the UK Dance and UK Hip Hop/R&B charts. A music video was directed by Steve Carr; the video and a radio edit omitted Busta Rhymes's verse.

Def Jam Recordings
Def Jam Recordings (also simply known as Def Jam) is an American multinational record label owned by Universal Music Group. It is based in Manhattan, New York City, specializing predominantly in hip-hop, contemporary R&B, soul and pop.

The label has a London-based, UK arm known as 0207 Def Jam (formerly Def Jam UK in the 1990s until the mid-2000s) and is currently operated through EMI Records. It has a Johannesburg, South Africa and Lagos, Nigeria-based arm known as Def Jam Africa.
Cumberland-Hesstown, New Jersey
Cumberland-Hesstown is a census-designated place (CDP) located in the northern part of Maurice River Township in Cumberland County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. Consisting of the unincorporated communities of Cumberland and Hesstown, it is in the eastern part of the county. New Jersey Route 49 passes through the CDP, leading northwest 6 miles (10 km) to Millville and southeast 11 miles (18 km) to Tuckahoe.

The area was first listed as a CDP prior to the 2020 census.

Millville, New Jersey
Millville is a city in Cumberland County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the city's population was 27,491, a decrease of 909 (−3.2%) from the 2010 census count of 28,400, which in turn reflected an increase of 1,553 (+5.8%) from the 26,847 counted in the 2000 census.

Millville was originally incorporated as a township by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on February 24, 1801, from portions of Fairfield Township. Portions of the township were taken to form Landis Township on March 7, 1864. Millville was reincorporated as a city on March 1, 1866, based on the results of a referendum passed that same day. The city derives its name from a proposal to create a mill town in the area.

Millville is part of the South Jersey region of the state and is located within the Vineland-Bridgeton metropolitan statistical area, and it is ultimately part of the larger Delaware Valley or Philadelphia metropolitan area.
Kasey Buckles
Kasey Buckles (born 1978) is a professor of economics and concurrent professor of gender studies at the University of Notre Dame, Research Associate of the National Bureau of Economic Research, Research Fellow of the Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA), and co-editor of the Journal of Policy Analysis and Management. She is known for her studies of the declining fertility of American women in recent years.

Buckles earned her PhD in economics from Boston University in 2005.

Journal of Policy Analysis and Management
The Journal of Policy Analysis and Management (JPAM) is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering issues and practices in policy analysis and public management. It was established in 1981 and contains books reviews and a department devoted to discussing ideas and issues of importance to practitioners, researchers, and academics. It is the official journal of the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management and published by Wiley-Blackwell. The current editor-in-chief is Erdal Tekin. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2017 impact factor of 3.444, ranking it 27th out of 353 journals in the category "Economics" and 5th out of 47 journals in the category "Public Administration".
Trinity Luas stop
Trinity (Irish: An Trionóid) is a stop on the Luas light-rail tram system in Dublin, Ireland. It opened in 2017 as a stop on Luas Cross City, an extension of the Green Line through the city centre from St. Stephen's Green to Broombridge.  It is located on College Street at the side of Trinity College, Dublin.  It also provides access to the Olympia Theatre.  It is part of a one-way system and serves trams travelling south.  The nearest northbound stop is Westmoreland. To the south of the stop, the two tracks reunite and trams head around College Green on their way to Sandyford or Brides Glen.

Olympia Theatre, Dublin
The Olympia Theatre, branded since 2021 for sponsorship purposes as the 3Olympia Theatre, is a concert hall and theatre venue in Dublin, Ireland, located on Dame Street.

In addition to Irish acts, the venue has played host to many well-known international artists down through the years such as Charlie Chaplin, Laurel and Hardy, David Bowie, Billy Connolly, Hall & Oates, R.E.M., Gary Numan, Radiohead and Adele.

The venue is owned by Caroline Downey of the music promotion company MCD Productions, with naming sponsorship provided under an eight-year deal with telecoms company, 3 (Three Ireland).

A branch of the River Poddle flows directly underneath the theatre.
Giraffoidea
Giraffoidea is a superfamily that includes the families Climacoceratidae, Prolibytheriidae, and Giraffidae. The only extant members in the superfamily are the giraffes and okapi. The Climacoceratidae are also placed in the superfamily, but were originally placed within the family Palaeomerycidae.

Palaeomerycidae
The Palaeomerycidae is an extinct family of Neogene ruminants belonging to the infraorder Pecora. Palaeomerycids lived in Europe and Asia exclusively during the Miocene, coevolving with cervids, bovids, moschids, and tragulids there as part of a dramatic radiation of ruminants by the early Miocene.

Dromomerycids are sometimes considered to be subfamilies of the Palaeomerycidae, but recent research brought doubt to this, arguing that the dromomerycids lack the sutures on the skull roof that giraffomorphs (Giraffidae, Palaeomerycidae, Climacoceratidae) have for ossicone features. The similar resemblances of the two families could be the result of parallel evolution.
Actinoplanes
Actinoplanes is a genus in the family Micromonosporaceae. They have aerial mycelia and spherical, motile spores. Actinoplanes species produce the pharmaceutically important compounds valienamine (a precursor to the antidiabetic drug acarbose and to the antibiotic validamycin), teicoplanin, and ramoplanin.

Validamycin
Validamycin is an antibiotic and fungicide produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus. An inhibitor of trehalase, validamycin is used for the control of sheath blight of rice and damping-off  of cucumbers.
Colby Bockwoldt
Colby Aaron Bockwoldt (born April 14, 1981) is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the BYU Cougars and was selected by the New Orleans Saints in the seventh round of the 2004 NFL draft with the 240th overall pick.

Bockwoldt was also member of the Tennessee Titans, San Francisco 49ers, Cleveland Browns and Florida Tuskers.

BYU Cougars football
The BYU Cougars football team is the college football program representing Brigham Young University (BYU) in Provo, Utah. The Cougars began collegiate football competition in 1922, and have won 23 conference championships and one national championship in 1984.

The team has competed in several different athletic conferences during its history, from July 1, 2011 to June 30, 2022, they competed as an FBS Independent.  On September 10, 2021, the Big 12 Conference unanimously accepted BYU's application to the conference. BYU officially joined the Big 12 on July 1, 2023.

The team plays home games at the 62,073 seat LaVell Edwards Stadium, named after head coach LaVell Edwards who won 19 conference championships, seven bowl games, and one national championship (1984) while coaching at BYU.
Yanakiev
Yanakiev (Bulgarian: Янакиев) is a Bulgarian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Dimitar Yanakiev (born 1950), Bulgarian rower

Ivo Yanakiev (born 1975), Bulgarian rower

Martin Yanakiev (born 1983), Bulgarian rower

Yavor Yanakiev (born 1985), Bulgarian wrestler

Bulgarian name
The Bulgarian name system (Bulgarian: Българска именна система) has considerable similarities with most other European name systems, and with those of other Slavic peoples, especially East Slavic ones, such as the Russian name system, although it has certain unique features.

Bulgarian names usually consist of a given name, which comes first, a patronymic, which is second (and is usually omitted when referring to the person), and a family name, which comes last.
Lola Bensky
Lola Bensky is the sixth novel by Australian author and poet Lily Brett. It was published by Hamish Hamilton in 2012. The novel, which won the 2014 Prix Médicis étranger, has been described as semi-autobiographical. Brett and Lola share the same initials, and both worked as music journalists in the 1960s.

Prix Médicis
The Prix Médicis (French pronunciation: [pʁi medisis]) is a French literary award given each year in November. It was founded in 1958 by Gala Barbisan and Jean-Pierre Giradoux. It is awarded to an author whose "fame does not yet match his talent".

The award goes to a work of fiction initially published in the French language. In 1970 the Prix Médicis étranger was added to recognize a book published in translation. The Prix Médicis essai has been awarded since 1985 for non-fiction works.
William A. Hall House
The William A. Hall House is a historic house at 1 Hapgood Street in Bellows Falls, Vermont.  Built in 1890–92, it is one of Vermont's finest early expressions of Colonial Revival architecture.  It is notable for its first three residents, who all played prominent roles in the major businesses of Bellows Falls, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.  It is now the Readmore Inn.

Bellows Falls, Vermont
Bellows Falls is an incorporated village located in the town of Rockingham in Windham County, Vermont, United States.  The population was 2,747 at the 2020 census. Bellows Falls is home to the Green Mountain Railroad, a heritage railroad; the annual Roots on the River Festival; and the No Film Film Festival.
Electromagnetic wave equation
The electromagnetic wave equation is a second-order partial differential equation that describes the propagation of electromagnetic waves through a medium or in a vacuum.  It is a three-dimensional form of the wave equation. The homogeneous form of the equation, written in terms of either the electric field E or the magnetic field B, takes the form:

where

is the speed of light (i.e. phase velocity) in a medium with permeability μ, and permittivity ε, and ∇2 is the Laplace operator.  In a vacuum, vph = c0 = 299792458 m/s, a fundamental physical constant.  The electromagnetic wave equation derives from Maxwell's equations. In most older literature, B is called the magnetic flux density or magnetic induction. The following equationspredicate that any electromagnetic wave must be a transverse wave, where the electric field E and the magnetic field B are both perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation.

Phase velocity
The phase velocity of a wave is the speed of any wavefront, a surface of constant phase. This is the velocity at which the phase of any constant-frequency component of the wave travels. For such a  spectral component, any given phase of the wave (for example, the crest) will appear to travel at the phase velocity. The phase velocity of light waves is not a physically meaningful quantity and is not related to information transfer.: 18
Russkiye Mountains
Russkiye Mountains (Russian Mountains, 72°10′S 18°0′E﻿ / ﻿72.167°S 18.000°E﻿ / -72.167; 18.000) is a widely scattered group of mountains and nunataks between the Hoel Mountains and Sor Rondane Mountains in Queen Maud Land. The group was mapped from air photos taken by Norwegian Antarctic Expedition December 1958-Jan. 1959. The group was observed the same season by the Soviet Antarctic Expedition, apparently after the landing at Lazarev Station in March 1959, and named Gory Russkiye (Russian Mountains).

This article incorporates public domain material from "Russkiye Mountains". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Soviet Antarctic Expedition
The Soviet Antarctic Expedition (SAE or SovAE) (Russian: Советская антарктическая экспедиция, САЭ, Sovetskaya antarkticheskaya ekspeditsiya) was a Soviet research institute.  It was succeeded by the Russian Antarctic Expedition.
The Loop (Kissimmee)
The Loop in Kissimmee, Florida is an outdoor mall located at the corner of John Young Parkway and Osceola Parkway. It is split into two sections: Loop West and Loop East. Shops and attractions include a Regal Entertainment Group movie theater, Kohl's, JCPenney, Books-A-Million, Michael's, Nike Clearance Store, several specialty stores, and restaurants.

Books-A-Million
Books-A-Million, Inc., also known as BAM!, is a bookstore chain in the United States, operating 260 stores in 32 states. Stores range in size from 4,000 to 30,000 square feet and sell books, magazines, manga, collectibles, toys, technology, and gifts. Most Books-A-Million stores feature "Joe Muggs" cafés, a coffee and espresso bar.
Stores operate under the names Books-A-Million, Bookland, Books & Company, and 2nd & Charles.

The company owns Yogurt Mountain Holding, a frozen yogurt retailer and franchisor with 40 locations, as well as Preferred Growth Properties, which develops and manages commercial real estate investments. It owns and operates American Wholesale Book Company (AWBC), an e-commerce division operating as booksamillion.com; and an internet development and services company, NetCentral, in Nashville, Tennessee.

In December 2015, the company was acquired by its chairman, Clyde B. Anderson, and his family, for $21 million.
Rhesus Glacier
Rhesus Glacier (Bulgarian: ледник Резос, romanized: lednik Rezos, IPA: [ˈlɛdnik ˈrɛzos]) is a 7 km long and 2.5 km wide glacier draining the east slopes of the Trojan Range on Anvers Island in the Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica southeast of Paris Peak. Situated east of Iliad Glacier, south of Lipen Glacier and north of Thamyris Glacier.  Flowing northeastwards into Fournier Bay south of Thompson Peninsula and north of Predel Point.

The glacier is named after the King Rhesus of Thrace in Homer's Iliad.

Thompson Peninsula
Thompson Peninsula (64°28′S 63°8′W﻿ / ﻿64.467°S 63.133°W﻿ / -64.467; -63.133) is a peninsula 3 nautical miles (6 km) long on the northeast coast of Anvers Island in the Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica. It is bounded by Patagonia Bay on the northwest and Fournier Bay on the southeast, and ends in Dralfa Point on the northeast.

The peninsula was surveyed by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) in 1955–57, and named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) for John W. Thompson (1928-2012) of FIDS, general assistant and mountaineer at Arthur Harbor in 1956 and leader at that station in 1957.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Thompson Peninsula". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.
Li Chongmei
Li Chongmei (Chinese: 李重美) (died January 11, 937), formally the Prince of Yong (雍王), was an imperial prince of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period state Later Tang, as a son of its last emperor Li Congke.

Later Tang
Tang, known in historiography as the Later Tang (Chinese: 後唐; pinyin: Hòu Táng), was a short-lived imperial dynasty of China and the second of the Five Dynasties during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period in Chinese history.

With the exception of its final ruler, the Later Tang was ruled by ethnically Shatuo Turk (沙陀) emperors. The name Tang was used to legitimize itself as the restorer of the Tang dynasty.  The official start of the Later Tang dynasty is in the year 923.
Methylglyoxal pathway
The methylglyoxal pathway is an offshoot of glycolysis found in some prokaryotes, which converts glucose into methylglyoxal and then into pyruvate.  However unlike glycolysis the methylglyoxal pathway does not produce adenosine triphosphate, ATP.  The pathway is named after the substrate methylglyoxal which has three carbons and two carbonyl groups located on the 1st carbon and one on the 2nd carbon.  Methylglyoxal is, however, a reactive aldehyde that is very toxic to cells, it can inhibit growth in E. coli at millimolar concentrations.  The excessive intake of glucose by a cell is the most important process for the activation of the methylglyoxal pathway.

Methylglyoxal synthase
The enzyme methylglyoxal synthase (EC 4.2.3.3) catalyzes the chemical reaction

glycerone phosphate  2-oxopropanal + phosphate

Attempts to observe reversibility of this reaction have been unsuccessful.

This enzyme belongs to the family of lyases, specifically those carbon-oxygen lyases acting on phosphates. The systematic name of this enzyme class is glycerone-phosphate phosphate-lyase (methylglyoxal-forming). Other names in common use include methylglyoxal synthetase, and glycerone-phosphate phospho-lyase. This enzyme participates in pyruvate metabolism and is constitutively expressed.
Red Willow Creek
The Red Willow Creek is a 126-mile-long (203 km) tributary of the Republican River in Nebraska. The name is reported to be a mistranslation of the Dakota Indian name Chanshasha Wakpala, which literally means Red Dogwood Creek. The Dakota referred to the creek as such because of an abundance of the red dogwood shrub that grew along the banks.  Its stem and branches are deep red in color, and it is favored in basket making.

Dakota language
The Dakota language (Dakota: Dakhód'iapi or Dakȟótiyapi), also referred to as Dakhóta, is a Siouan language spoken by the Dakota people of the Očhéthi Šakówiŋ, commonly known in English as the Sioux. Dakota is closely related to and mutually intelligible with the Lakota language.
Apionichthys menezesi
Apionichthys menezesi is a species of sole in the family Achiridae. It was described by Robson Tamar da Costa Ramos in 2003. It inhabits the Amazon, Negro, Napo and Orinoco rivers. It reaches a maximum standard length of 6 cm (2.4 in).

Sole (fish)
A sole is a fish belonging to several families in the suborder Pleuronectoidei. Generally speaking, they are  members of the family Soleidae, but, outside Europe, the name sole is also applied to various other similar flatfish, especially other members of the sole suborder Soleoidei as well as members of the flounder family. In European cookery, there are several species which may be considered true soles, but the common or Dover sole Solea solea, often simply called the sole, is the most esteemed and most widely available.