hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Soviet submarine K-68
K-68 was a "Project 651" (NATO reporting name: Juliett-class) diesel–electric submarine built for the Soviet Navy during the 1960s. Commissioned in 1965, the boat was armed with long-range cruise missiles to carry out its mission of destroying American aircraft carriers and bases. The missiles could be fitted with either conventional or nuclear warheads. While much of the submarine's activities during the Cold War are unknown, she did make at least one patrol in the Mediterranean Sea before serving as the test bed for an auxiliary nuclear reactor from 1976 to 1991. K-68 was decommissioned in 1992 and subsequently scrapped.

Testbed
A testbed (also spelled test bed) is a platform for conducting rigorous, transparent, and replicable testing of scientific theories, computing tools, and new technologies.

The term is used across many disciplines to describe experimental research and new product development platforms and environments.  They may vary from hands-on prototype development in manufacturing industries such as automobiles (known as "mules"), aircraft engines or systems and to intellectual property refinement in such fields as computer software development shielded from the hazards of testing live.
Interactive programming
Interactive programming is the procedure of writing parts of a program while it is already active. This focuses on the program text as the main interface for a running process, rather than an interactive application, where the program is designed in development cycles and used thereafter (usually by a so-called "user", in distinction to the "developer"). Consequently, here, the activity of writing a program becomes part of the program itself.

It thus forms a specific instance of interactive computation as an extreme opposite to batch processing, where neither writing the program nor its use happens in an interactive way. The principle of rapid feedback in extreme programming is radicalized and becomes more explicit.

It is also known as on-the-fly-programming, just in time programming, or conversational programming.

Interactive computing
In computer science, interactive computing refers to software which accepts input from the user as it runs.

Interactive software includes commonly used programs, such as word processors or spreadsheet applications. By comparison, non-interactive programs operate without user intervention; examples of these include compilers and batch processing applications that are pre-programmed to run independently.

Interactive computing focuses on real-time interaction ("dialog") between the computer and the operator, and the technologies that enable them.

If the response of the computer system is complex enough, it is said that the system is conducting social interaction; some systems try to achieve this through the implementation of social interfaces.

The nature of interactive computing as well as its impact on users, are studied extensively in the field of computer interaction.
Ahmar Bel Khat El Arid
Ahmar Bel Khat Al Areed ("In Red Boldface", Arabic: أحمر بالخط العريض) is a talk show that discusses a variety of controversial social and human issues airing on the Lebanese Broadcasting Corporation, a privately owned television station in Lebanon. The flagship show which premiered on March 19, 2008, has become a weekly rendezvous for its vast audience. It approaches taboos and controversies, through conversations with people who have gone through these experiences. The weekly program airs every Wednesday at 9.30 KSA. It brings together guests from Lebanon and the Arab world sharing their testimonies with famous host Malek Maktabi who in turn highlights solutions with experts from different fields.

Lebanese Broadcasting Corporation International
The Lebanese Broadcasting Corporation International, widely known as LBCI, Lebanese Broadcasting Corporation or LBC, is a private television station in Lebanon. LBCI was founded in 1992 by acquiring the assets, liabilities and logo of LBC, an entity founded in 1985 during the Lebanese Civil War by the Lebanese Forces militia.

LBCI went global in 1996 when it launched its satellite channel LBC Al-Fadha'iya Al-Lubnaniya (Arabic: الفضائية اللبنانية) covering Lebanon, the Arab world, Europe, America, Australia, and Africa.
Averino
Averino (Russian: Аверино) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Averino, Belgorod Oblast, a selo in Gubkinsky District of Belgorod Oblast

Averino, Ivanovo Oblast, a village in Zavolzhsky District of Ivanovo Oblast

Averino, Kostroma Oblast, a village in Pavinskoye Settlement of Pavinsky District in Kostroma Oblast; 59°7′N 46°5′E﻿ / ﻿59.117°N 46.083°E﻿ / 59.117; 46.083

Averino, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, a village in Loyminsky Selsoviet of Sokolsky District in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast

Averino, Vologda Oblast, a village in Ivanovsky Selsoviet of Vashkinsky District in Vologda Oblast

Averino, Voronezh Oblast, a khutor in Korotoyakskoye Rural Settlement of Ostrogozhsky District in Voronezh Oblast

Sokolsky District, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
Sokolsky District (Russian: Соко́льский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the forty in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Sokolsky Urban Okrug. It is located in the northwest of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,981.4 square kilometers (765.0 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Sokolskoye. Population: 14,139 (2010 Census);  16,137 (2002 Census); 19,559 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Sokolskoye accounts for 44.9% of the district's total population.
US Orbital Segment
The US Orbital Segment (USOS) is the name given to the components of the International Space Station (ISS) constructed and operated by the United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), European Space Agency (ESA), Canadian Space Agency (CSA) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). The segment consists of eleven pressurized components and various external elements, almost all of which were delivered by the Space Shuttle.

The segment is monitored and controlled from various mission control centers around the world including Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas, Columbus Control Centre in Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany and Tsukuba Space Center in Tsukuba, Japan. However, it depends on the Russian Orbital Segment for essential flight control, orbital station-keeping and life support systems.

Tsukuba Space Center
The Tsukuba Space Center (TKSC) also known by its radio callsign Tsukuba, is the operations facility and headquarters for the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) located in Tsukuba Science City in Ibaraki Prefecture. The facility opened in 1972 and serves as the primary location for Japan's space operations and research programs. Japanese astronauts involved in the International Space Station are trained in part here in addition to the training they receive at the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, in Houston, Texas.

The complex has several facilities that are used to assemble JAXA's satellites, and the Japanese Experiment Module for the International Space Station.

The TKSC offers tours of the facility as well as an exhibit hall which features models of the H-II Transfer Vehicle and a full-sized mock-up of the Kibō module on the International Space Station.
Butterfield Overland Mail
Butterfield Overland Mail (officially Overland Mail Company) was a stagecoach service in the United States operating from 1858 to 1861. It carried passengers and U.S. Mail from two eastern termini, Memphis, Tennessee, and St. Louis, Missouri, to San Francisco, California. The routes from each eastern terminus met at Fort Smith, Arkansas, and then continued through Indian Territory (Oklahoma), Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Mexico, and California ending in San Francisco. On March 3, 1857, Congress authorized the U.S. postmaster general, at that time Aaron V. Brown, to contract for delivery of the U.S. mail from St. Louis to San Francisco. Prior to this, U.S. Mail bound for the Far West had been delivered by the San Antonio–San Diego Mail Line since June 1857.

The route was designated a national historic trail in 2023.

United States Postmaster General
The United States postmaster general (PMG) is the chief executive officer of the United States Postal Service (USPS). The PMG is responsible for managing and directing the day-to-day operations of the agency.

The PMG is selected and appointed by the Board of Governors of the Postal Service, which is appointed by the president. The postmaster general then also sits on the board. The PMG does not serve at the president's pleasure and can only be dismissed by the Board of Governors. The appointment of the postmaster general does not require Senate confirmation. The governors and the postmaster general elect the deputy postmaster general.

The current postmaster general is David Steiner, who has served in the role since July 14, 2025.
Harbin Electric
Harbin Electric Company Limited, formerly Harbin Power Equipment Company Limited, is a Chinese enterprise engaged in the research and development, manufacturing and construction of power plant equipment. Along with Shanghai Electric and Dongfang Electric it is one of the three largest manufacturers of power plant equipment in China. According to Platts the company in 2009-10 was the second largest manufacturer of steam turbines by worldwide market share, tying Dongfang Electric and slightly behind Shanghai Electric.

S&P Global Energy
S&P Global Energy is a provider of energy and commodities information and a source of benchmark price assessments in the physical commodity markets. The business was started with the foundation in 1909 of the magazine National Petroleum News by Warren C. Platt.

S&P Global Energy is recognized as one of the most significant price reporting agencies for the oil market.
Sparganothoides arcuatana
Sparganothoides arcuatana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in southern Mexico, where it is known from the Sierra Madre Occidental in Jalisco and the Sierra Madre Oriental in Veracruz and Puebla, ranging south to Oaxaca. The habitat consists of montane areas.

The length of the forewings is 10.3–12.1 mm for males and 11.1–12.5 mm for females. Adults have been recorded on wing in August and September.

The larvae have been reared on Quercus lobata. They web the edges of the leaves of their host plant.

Quercus lobata
Quercus lobata, commonly called the valley oak or roble, is the largest of the California oaks. It is endemic to the state, growing in interior valleys and foothills from Siskiyou to San Diego counties. Deciduous, it requires year-round groundwater, and may live up to 600 years. Its thick, ridged bark (resembling alligator hide) and deeply lobed leaves are characteristic, and assist in identification.
Girls to Chat & Boys to Bounce
Girls to Chat & Boys to Bounce is the tenth studio album by British rock band Foghat, released in 1981. It was the first with new guitarist Erik Cartwright. The album peaked at No. 92 on the Billboard 200, making it a slight improvement over the group's previous record, Tight Shoes. In addition, the album's single "Live Now, Pay Later" bubbled under the Billboard Hot 100 at No. 102 and also hit No. 15 on the Mainstream Rock chart.

Foghat
Foghat are an English rock band formed in London in 1971. The band are known for the use of electric slide guitar in their music. Their best known song is the 1975 hit "Slow Ride". The band have released 17 studio albums, including eight gold albums and one platinum, along with one double platinum live album. Despite several line-up changes, the band continue to record and perform.
Yang–Mills flow
In differential geometry, the Yang–Mills flow is a gradient flow described by the Yang–Mills equations, hence a method to describe a gradient descent of the Yang–Mills action functional. Simply put, the Yang–Mills flow is a path always going in the direction of steepest descent, similar to the path of a ball rolling down a hill. This helps to find critical points, called Yang–Mills connections or instantons, which solve the Yang–Mills equations, as well as to study their stability. Illustratively, they are the points on the hill on which the ball can rest.

The Yang–Mills flow is named after Yang Chen-Ning and Robert Mills, who formulated the underlying Yang–Mills theory in 1954, although it was first studied by Michael Atiyah and Raoul Bott in 1982. It was also studied by Simon Donaldson in the context of the Kobayashi–Hitchin correspondence (or Donaldson–Uhlenbeck–Yau theorem).

Robert Mills (physicist)
Robert Laurence Mills (April 15, 1927 – October 27, 1999)  was an American physicist, specializing in quantum field theory, the theory of alloys, and many-body theory.

While sharing an office at Brookhaven National Laboratory, C.N. Yang and Robert Mills formulated in 1954 a theory now known as the Yang–Mills theory – "the foundation for current understanding of how subatomic particles interact, a contribution which has restructured modern physics and mathematics."

Mathematically, Yang and Mills proposed a tensor equation for what are now called Yang–Mills fields (this equation reduces to Maxwell's equations as a special case; see gauge theory):

.
QuickTime for Java
QuickTime for Java or QTJ is a software library that allows software written in the Java programming language to provide multimedia functionality, by making calls into the native QuickTime library.  In practice, it allows Java applications on Mac OS, Mac OS X and Microsoft Windows to support the capture, editing, playback, and export of many different media formats and codecs.

QTJ has been deprecated by Apple.

Container format
A container format (informally, sometimes called a wrapper) or metafile is a file format that allows multiple data streams to be embedded into a single file, usually along with metadata for identifying and further detailing those streams.  Notable examples of container formats include archive files (such as the ZIP format) and formats used for multimedia playback (such as Matroska, MP4, and AVI). Among the earliest cross-platform container formats were Distinguished Encoding Rules and the 1985 Interchange File Format.
1866 Bingöl earthquake
The 1866 Bingöl earthquake struck the Ottoman Empire on 12 May. It had an estimated surface-wave magnitude of 7.2 and was associated with faulting along the East Anatolian Fault. The earthquake resulted in over 680 fatalities and the destruction of thousands of homes in Bingöl Province.

Bingöl Province
Bingöl Province (Turkish: Bingöl ili; Kurdish: Parêzgeha Çewlîg; Zazaki: Wîlayetî Çewlîg; Armenian: Ճապաղջուր զավառ) is a province of Turkey. The province was known as Çapakçur Province (Armenian: Ճապաղջուր, lit. 'spread out water') before 1945 when it was renamed as Bingöl Province. Its area is 8,003 km2, and its population is 282,556 (2022). The province encompasses 11 municipalities, 325 villages and 693 hamlets.

The town of Genç was the scene of origin for the Sheikh Said rebellion in 1925 and most of the region was captured by the rebels during the rebellion.

As the current Governor of the province, Ahmet Hamdi Usta was appointed by the president in August 2023.
Teignmouth (painting)
Teignmouth is an 1812 landscape painting by the British artist J. M. W. Turner. It depicts a view at Teignmouth, a port town in the south of Devon. It was based on sketches Turner had produced during a visit to the county in 1811. It looks southwards along the River Teign. In the foreground a young woman is shown with some cows. A ruined abbey can be seen, and in the very far distance is Teignmouth itself.

The painting was shown in an exhibition at Turner's own studio in Queen Anne Street in London, one of six scenes featuring Devon and Cornwall that he displayed. It was acquired by the art collector George Wyndham, 3rd Earl of Egremont. It remains in Egremont's former residence Petworth House in Sussex, although ownership was transferred to the Tate Britain.

River Teign
The River Teign /ˈtiːn/ is a river in the county of Devon, England. It is 31 mi (50 km) long and rises on Dartmoor, becomes an estuary just below Newton Abbot and reaches the English Channel at Teignmouth.
FCC v. Pacifica Foundation
Federal Communications Commission v. Pacifica Foundation, 438 U.S. 726 (1978), is a landmark decision of the United States Supreme Court that upheld the ability of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to regulate indecent content sent over the broadcast airwaves.

Safe harbor (law)
A safe harbor is a provision of a statute or a regulation that specifies that certain conduct will be deemed not to violate a given rule.  It is usually found in connection with a more-vague, overall standard.  By contrast, "unsafe harbors" describe conduct that will be deemed to violate the rule.

For example, in the context of a statute that requires drivers to "not drive recklessly", a clause specifying that "driving under 25 miles per hour will be conclusively deemed not to constitute reckless driving" is a "safe harbor".  Likewise, a clause saying that "driving over 90 miles per hour will be conclusively deemed to constitute reckless driving" would be an "unsafe harbor".  In this example, driving between 25 miles per hour and 90 miles per hour would fall outside of either a safe harbor or an unsafe harbor, and would thus be left to be judged according to the vague "reckless" standard.
Grewia tenax
Grewia tenax, called the phalsa cherry, white crossberry, raisin bush, gangara, gangu, or kanger, is a species of flowering plant in the family Malvaceae. It is native to Africa, from the Sahara to Tanzania and parts of southern Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and on to the Indian subcontinent. The ripe fruit is edible and is consumed by local peoples either fresh, dried, or powered in drinks.

Malvaceae
Malvaceae (/mælˈveɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/), or the mallows, is a family of flowering plants estimated to contain 244 genera with 4225 known species. Well-known members of economic importance include cacao, cola, cotton, okra, roselle and durian. There are also some genera containing familiar ornamentals, such as Alcea (hollyhock), Malva (mallow), and Tilia (lime or linden tree). The genera with the largest numbers of species include Hibiscus (434 species), Pavonia (291 species), Sida (275 species), Ayenia (216 species), Dombeya (197 species), and Sterculia (181 species).
Ivorian cuisine
Ivorian cuisine is the traditional cuisine of Côte d'Ivoire, and is based on tubers, grains, pig, chicken, seafood, fish, fresh fruits, vegetables and spices. It is very similar to that of neighboring countries in West Africa. Common staple foods include grains and tubers. Côte d'Ivoire is one of the largest cocoa producers in the world and also produces palm oil and coffee.

Grain
A grain is a small, hard, dry fruit (caryopsis) – with or without an attached hull layer – harvested for human or animal consumption. A grain crop is a grain-producing plant. The two main types of commercial grain crops are cereals and legumes.

After being harvested, dry grains are more durable than other staple foods, such as starchy fruits (plantains, breadfruit, etc.) and tubers (sweet potatoes, cassava, and more). This durability has made grains well suited to industrial agriculture, since they can be mechanically harvested, transported by rail or ship, stored for long periods in silos, and milled for flour or pressed for oil. Thus, the grain market is a major global agricultural market that includes crops such as maize, rice, soybeans, wheat and other grains.
Union Neuchâtel
Union Neuchâtel Basket, commonly known as Union Neuchâtel, is a Swiss basketball club based in Neuchâtel. It plays in the Swiss Basketball League (SBL), the top tier basketball division in Switzerland. The club has won one trophy, the Swiss Cup in 2013.

Swiss Basketball League
The Swiss Basketball League, also known as SB League or SBL, is the top-tier professional club basketball league in Switzerland. It is organized by Swiss Basketball. The winners of the SBL are crowned Swiss national basketball champions. Currently, twelve teams compete in the league. Historically, Fribourg Olympic is the league's most successful team, as it has won a league-record 19 championships. Until 2017, the league was known as the Championnat LNA.
Trieste Airport
Trieste Airport (IATA: TRS, ICAO: LIPQ) (Italian: Aeroporto di Trieste) is an international airport located 0.3 NM (0.56 km; 0.35 mi) west of Ronchi dei Legionari (Province of Gorizia), near Trieste in Friuli-Venezia Giulia, north-eastern Italy. The airport has a catchment area of approximately 4 million people, stretching beyond Friuli-Venezia Giulia into neighboring Slovenia, Austria and Croatia.

Province of Gorizia
The province of Gorizia (Italian: provincia di Gorizia; Slovene: Goriška pokrajina; Friulian: provincie di Gurize) was a province in the autonomous Friuli-Venezia Giulia region of Italy. Initially disbanded on 30 September 2017, it was reestablished in 2019 as the regional decentralization entity of Gorizia (Italian: ente di decentramento regionale di Gorizia; Slovene: enota deželne decentralizacije Gorica; Friulian: ent di decentrament regjonâl di Gurize), and was reactivated on 1 July 2020.
Torksey Nunnery
Torksey Nunnery was a nunnery in Torksey, Lincolnshire, England. It was founded at the south end of the town by the side of the Fossdyke. It housed a small community of Cistercian Nuns. Being appropriately dedicated to St Nicholas, the patron saint of sailors, it became known as the Priory of St Nicholas de Fossa, or the Fosse Nunnery.

Torksey
Torksey is a small village in the West Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 875.  It is situated on the A156 road, 7 miles (11 km) south of Gainsborough and 9 miles (14 km) north-west of Lincoln, and on the eastern bank of the tidal River Trent, which here forms the boundary with Nottinghamshire.

It is notable historically as the site of a Roman canal, a major Viking camp, the late medieval Torksey Castle and the Torksey Viaduct.
Paul Hutchison (politician)
Charles Paul Telford Hutchison, known as Paul Hutchison (born 1947) is a New Zealand politician, health professional, and current Honorary Consul in New Zealand for Papua New Guinea. He is a member of the National Party, which he represented in the House of Representatives from 1999 to 2014.

Hunua (electorate)
The Hunua electorate existed three times for the New Zealand House of Representatives beginning in 1978, based at the south end of the Auckland urban area, and named for the Hunua Ranges. It covered different geographical areas over those periods. The electorate was last represented by Andrew Bayly of the National Party before its dissolution in 2020.
SS Shiranesan Maru
A number of steamships have been named Shiranesan Maru, including -

SS Savoia, an Italian-built cargo ship launched in 1922 that was in Japanese service from 1951 to 1962 as Shiranesan Maru

SS Shiranesan Maru (1943), a Japanese cargo ship torpedoed and sunk in February 1944

SS Savoia
SS Savoia was a cargo steamship that was built in Italy in 1922. In 1941 the Royal Navy captured her, and the UK Ministry of War Transport renamed her Empire Arun. In 1947 she was sold and renamed Granlake. With further changes of owner she was renamed Dryad in 1949; Shiranesan Maru in 1951; and Dainichi Maru in 1962. The romanised spelling of her name had been revised to Tainichi Maru by 1967. She was scrapped in Japan in 1969.

Savoia was built as a turbine steamship. By 1953 she had been re-engined with a compound engine and exhaust steam turbine. She was built as an ordinary breakbulk cargo ship, but from 1934 a small part of her cargo space was refrigerated. After 1951, she was a factory ship for canning shellfish.