hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Benfica, Rio de Janeiro
Benfica is a neighborhood in the North Zone of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It is located near São Cristóvão and Engenho de Dentro, within the Centro (Downtown) Administrative Region.

Benfica was first populated in the 16th century, as an area of sugarcane plantation developed by Jesuit missionaries, who received an extensive donation of land, which also included present-day Engenho da Rainha and Engenho Novo, from Estácio de Sá. After the jesuits were expelled from the Portuguese Empire by the marquis of Pombal, in 1759, possessions in Benfica were granted to various private owners, and the region became further populated.

The neighbourhood has historically played a role as a resting place and point of passage to places of interest in the outskirts of Rio, most notably on the Estrada Real (Royal Road). Today, Benfica is served by the Avenida Brasil and Avenida Dom Hélder Câmara, two avenues which link downtown Rio to suburbs in the North and West Zones.

Marquis of Pombal (title)
Count of Oeiras (Portuguese: Conde de Oeiras) was a Portuguese title of nobility created by a royal decree, dated July 15, 1759, by King Joseph I of Portugal, and granted to Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, Chief Minister of the Portuguese government.

Later, Joseph issued a royal decree dated September 16, 1769, in which he elevated the Count of Oeiras to the dignity of a marquisate as the Marquis of Pombal (Portuguese: Marquês de Pombal).
Olga Gontar
Olga Gontar (Belarusian: Вольга Гонтарь; Russian: Ольга Гонтарь, born January 11, 1979, in Minsk, Belarus) is a Belarusian individual rhythmic gymnast. She is the 1995 Grand Prix Final all-around bronze medalist and the 1993 European Junior all-around champion.

Belarusians
Belarusians (Belarusian: беларусы, romanized: biełarusy [bʲeɫaˈrusɨ]) are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Belarus. They natively speak Belarusian, an East Slavic language. More than 9 million people proclaim Belarusian ethnicity worldwide. Nearly 7.99 million Belarusians reside in Belarus, with the United States and Russia being home to more than 500,000 Belarusians each. The majority of Belarusians adhere to Eastern Orthodoxy.
Michelle Valiente
Michelle Sharon Valiente Amarilla (born May 7, 1998)  is a Paraguayan beach volleyball player.

Alongside her partner Giuliana Poletti, she participated in the 2024 Olympic Games in Paris, after winning, along with their teammates Erika Mongelós and Fiorella Núñez, the CSV Olympic Qualifier held in Luque, Paraguay.

Beach volleyball at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament
The women's beach volleyball tournament at the 2024 Olympic Games in Paris, France, took place at Eiffel Tower Stadium on the Champ de Mars. The competition was held from 27 July to 9 August 2024. Twenty-four teams consisting of 48 athletes from 17 NOCs competed.
Whitley Lower
Whitley Lower is a village near Thornhill in Kirklees, West Yorkshire England.  The parish church, dedicated to St Mary and St Michael, is part of the united benefice of Thornhill and Whitley which also includes Briestfield. The church was Grade II listed in 1985. In 1891 the civil parish had a population of 879.

Kirklees
Kirklees is a metropolitan borough of West Yorkshire, England. The borough comprises the ten towns of Batley, Birstall, Cleckheaton, Dewsbury, Heckmondwike, Holmfirth, Huddersfield, Meltham, Mirfield and Slaithwaite. It is governed by Kirklees Council. Kirklees had a population of 422,500 in 2011; it is the third-largest metropolitan district in Yorkshire by area, behind Doncaster and Leeds.
The Seed (2.0)
"The Seed (2.0)" is the second single by The Roots from their fifth album Phrenology (2002). The track, which features Cody Chesnutt on the guitar and vocals, is an "uptempo retooling" of his song "The Seed" from the album The Headphone Masterpiece. The song's music video was nominated for the MTV2 Award at the 2003 MTV Video Music Awards. Jeff Vrabel of Billboard described the track as "a genre-bending mix of rock guitars and Prince-styled keyboards and drums".

Phrenology (album)
Phrenology is the fifth studio album by American hip-hop band the Roots, released on November 26, 2002, by MCA Records. Recording sessions for the album took place during June 2000 to September 2002 at Electric Lady Studios in New York. It was primarily produced by members of the band and features contributions from hip-hop and neo soul artists such as Cody ChesnuTT, Musiq Soulchild, Talib Kweli, and Jill Scott.

Although it did not parallel the commercial success of the band's previous album, Things Fall Apart, the album reached number 28 on the US Billboard 200 chart and sold steadily, remaining on the chart for 38 weeks. On June 3, 2003, it was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America, for shipments of 500,000 copies in the United States. Upon its release, Phrenology received universal acclaim from music critics, who praised its musical direction and lyrical themes, and it was included in numerous publications' year-end lists of the year's best albums.
Dews Farm Sand Pits
Dews Farm Sand Pits is a 1.2-hectare (3.0-acre) nature reserve near Harefield in the London Borough of Hillingdon. It is managed by the London Wildlife Trust, and is a Site of Borough Importance for Nature Conservation, Grade I.

The site is an old quarry which has been reclaimed by nature. It has areas of woodland, dominated by pedunculate oak and ash. In drier grassland areas, there is common knapweed, agrimony and ox-eye daisy.

There is access from Harvil Road near Newyears Green Lane.

Centaurea nigra
Centaurea nigra is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, and is also known as lesser knapweed, common knapweed, black knapweed and bell weed.

It is native to central Europe, and has been introduced to temperate North America and Australasia, where it is usually regarded as a noxious weed due to its fast spread, hardiness and competitive potential.
Greenland Lake
Greenland Lake is a small, intermittent lake of northern Arizona, located at the north neck of the Walhalla Plateau (east Kaibab Plateau), in the northeast Grand Canyon. The lake is located just west (~1/8 mile), of the south-running Cape Royal Road (about 1.5 miles north of Vista Encantada), which eventually turns south-southwesterly to Cape Royal, about 15 miles distant. Greenland Lake is also about 1 mile east of Greenland Spring, at the far north of Bright Angel Canyon. Greenland Lake is often intermittent, depending on winter snowfall; the lake is surrounded mostly by aspen, but also Ponderosa Pine, and Douglas Fir. It is a common water source for wildlife, especially deer. In historic times, cattle were grazed in the area, and a wood cabin (high-pitched roof for snow), was used for storage of salt, for cattle.

Douglas fir
The Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) is an evergreen conifer species in the pine family, Pinaceae. It is the tallest tree in the Pinaceae family.  It is native to western North America and is also known as Douglas-fir, Douglas spruce, Oregon pine, and Columbian pine. There are three varieties: coast Douglas-fir (P. menziesii var. menziesii), Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir (P. menziesii var. glauca) and Mexican Douglas-fir (P. menziesii var. lindleyana).

Despite its common names, it is not a true fir (genus Abies), spruce (genus Picea), or pine (genus Pinus). It is also not a hemlock (genus Tsuga); the genus name Pseudotsuga means "false hemlock".
Kraysk
Kraysk (Belarusian: Крайск, romanized: Krajsk; Russian: Крайск) is an agrotown in Lahoysk District, Minsk Region, Belarus. It serves as the administrative center of Kraysk selsoviet. It is located 58 kilometres (36 mi) from Lahoysk and 97 kilometres (60 mi) from the capital Minsk. In 1998, it had a population of 412. In 2010, it had a population of 346.

Minsk region
Minsk region, also known as Minsk oblast or Minsk voblasts, is one of the six regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. The region's population was recorded at 1,411,500 in 2011.
Backhouse baronets of Uplands and The Rookery (1901)
The Backhouse baronetcy, of Uplands in Darlington in the County of Durham and The Rookery in Middleton Tyas in the North Riding of the County of York, was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 6 March 1901 for Jonathan Backhouse, a deputy lieutenant and justice of the peace for the North Riding of Yorkshire and Co. Durham.

The Quaker family of Backhouse were prominent linen manufacturers in Darlington. In 1774 Jonathan Backhouse and his younger brother James formed Backhouse's Bank; it was merged in the formation of Barclays Bank in 1896. The 1st Baronet was a great-grandson of Jonathan. The 3rd Baronet was the nephew of the 2nd Baronet and son of Roger Backhouse RN. He died on active service in Normandy during the Second World War. As of 2026 the title is held by the 3rd Baronets grandson, the 5th Baronet, who succeeded his father in 2007.

Roger Backhouse
Admiral of the Fleet Sir Roger Roland Charles Backhouse, GCB, GCVO, CMG (24 November 1878 – 15 July 1939) was a Royal Navy officer. He served in the First World War as a cruiser commander and after the war became a battle squadron commander and later Commander-in-Chief, Home Fleet. Becoming First Sea Lord in November 1938, his major contribution in that role was to abandon the official British policy of sending a major fleet to Singapore to deter Japanese aggression (the Singapore strategy), realising the immediate threat was closer to home (from Germany and Italy) and that such a policy was no longer viable. He died from a brain tumour in July 1939 just before the outbreak of the Second World War.
Royal Burgers' Zoo
Royal Burgers' Zoo (Dutch: Koninklijke Burgers' Zoo) is a 45-hectare (110-acre) zoo in Arnhem, Netherlands, and is one of the biggest zoos in the country. Arnhem is a city that lies partially in the Veluwe, a nature park in the east of the Netherlands. The zoo is popular with both Dutch and German people, and receives about 1 million visitors annually. It was founded by Johan Burgers in 1913.

The zoo is a member of the Dutch Zoo Federation (NVD), the European Association of Zoos and Aquaria (EAZA), the International Species Information System (ISIS), and the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums (WAZA).

European Association of Zoos and Aquaria
The European Association of Zoos and Aquaria (EAZA) is an organisation for the European zoo and aquarium community that links over 340 member organisations in 41 countries. EAZA membership is open to all zoos and aquaria across Europe that comply with EAZA's standards. The organisation is administered and headquartered at Natura Artis Magistra in Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

The mission of the association is to promote cooperation for furthering regional collection planning and wildlife conservation. EAZA also promotes educational activities and advises EU lawmakers through standing committees of the European Parliament and the European Council.
Lars Pirak
Lars Pirak (27 July 1932 – 2 October 2008) was a Lule and North Sámi artist, yoiker and duodji master from Jokkmokk, Sweden. The Faculty of Arts at the University of Umeå conferred an honorary Doctorate on Pirak in 2003 in recognition of his contribution to the Sámi culture.

Umeå University
Umeå University (Swedish: Umeå universitet; Ume Sami: Ubmejen universitiähta; Meänkieli: Uumaja ynivärsiteetti); is a public research university located in Umeå, in the mid-northern region of Sweden. The university was founded in 1965 and is the fifth oldest within Sweden's present borders.

As of 2015, Umeå University has over 36,000 registered students (approximately 16,000 full-time students), including those at the postgraduate and doctoral level. It has more than 4,000 employees, half of which are teachers/researchers, including 310 professors.

Internationally, the university is known for research relating to the genome of the poplar tree and the Norway Spruce, and its highly ranked Institute of (industrial) Design.
NZR RM class (Thomas Transmission)
The NZR RM class Thomas Transmission railcar was an experimental electro-mechanical railcar operated by the New Zealand Railways Department (NZR).  It was introduced to service in 1916 and therefore was one of the earliest railcars to operate in New Zealand.

Railcar
A railcar (not to be confused with the generic term "railroad car" or "railway car"), or motor car is a self-propelled railway vehicle designed to transport passengers. The "self-propelled railcar" refers to a railway train consisting of a single coach (or carriage, car, unit), with a driver's cab at one or both ends. In its simplest form, a "railcar" may also be little more than a railbus or motorized draisine.

Self-powered railcars were once common in North America; these "motor cars" were often called doodlebugs. Some railway companies, such as the Great Western, termed such vehicles "railmotors" (or "rail motors"). Self-propelled passenger vehicles also capable of hauling a train are, in technical rail usage, usually called "rail motor coaches".
Oncolite
Oncolites are sedimentary structures composed of oncoids, which are layered structures formed by the growth of one or more species of microorganisms, usually containing cyanobacteria. Oncolites are very similar to stromatolites, but, instead of forming columns, they form approximately spherical structures.  The oncoids often form around a central nucleus, such as a shell fragment, and a calcium carbonate structure is deposited by encrusting microbes.  Oncolites are indicators of warm waters in the photic zone, but are also known in contemporary freshwater environments.  These structures rarely exceed 10 cm in diameter.

Oncolites may have either a porostromate or spongiostromate texture. Most oncolites are spongiostromate, having no recognisable cellular texture or microstructure. Porostromate oncolites are mostly unknown during the Precambrian; since the Eocene they have mostly been confined to freshwater environments.

Sedimentary structures
Sedimentary structures include all kinds of features in sediments and sedimentary rocks, formed at the time of deposition.

Sediments and sedimentary rocks are characterized by bedding, which occurs when layers of sediment, with different particle sizes are deposited on top of each other. These beds range from millimeters to centimeters thick and can even go to meters or multiple meters thick.

Sedimentary structures such as cross-bedding, graded bedding, and ripple marks are utilized in stratigraphic studies. They help indicate the original position of strata in geologically complex terrains. They also provide insight into the depositional environment of the sediment.
Canyon, Minnesota
Canyon is an unincorporated community in Northland Township, Saint Louis County, Minnesota, United States.

The community is located 27 miles north of the city of Duluth at the junction of U.S. Highway 53 and Harris Road (County Road 737).

Canyon is located between the cities of Duluth and Virginia on U.S. Highway 53.

Hellwig Creek flows through the community.

Virginia, Minnesota
Virginia is a city in St. Louis County, Minnesota, United States. With an economy heavily reliant on large-scale iron ore mining, Virginia is considered the Mesabi Iron Range's commercial center. The population was 8,421 at the 2020 census. Virginia is a part of the Duluth metropolitan area, and U.S. Highway 53 runs through town.
Julius Indus
Julius Indus was a Treveri nobleman of the 1st century CE. In 21 CE he helped the Romans put down a rebellion of the Treveri and Aedui. Indus had a personal vendetta with one of the leaders in the revolt, Julius Florus. Culminating in a confrontation between the two in the Ardennes forest. During this fight, Indus killed Florus. His regiment may have been involved in the Roman invasion of Britain, and was certainly posted at Corinum (Cirencester) in the mid-to-late 1st century. His daughter, Julia Pacata, married the procurator of Roman Britain, Gaius Julius Alpinus Classicianus, and buried him in London in 65 CE.

Cirencester
Cirencester (/ˈsaɪ(ə)rənˌsɛstə/ ⓘ SY-rən-SEST-ə, occasionally /ˈsɪsɪtə/ ⓘ SIS-it-ə) is a market town and civil parish in the Cotswold District of Gloucestershire, England. It lies on the River Churn, a tributary of the Thames. Cirencester is the eighth largest settlement in Gloucestershire and the largest town within the Cotswolds. It is the home of the Royal Agricultural University, the oldest agricultural college in the English-speaking world, founded in 1840. The town had a population of 20,229 in 2021. The town is 18 miles (29 km) north-west of Swindon, 18 miles (29 km) south-east of Gloucester, 37 miles (60 km) west of Oxford and 39 miles (63 km) north-east of Bristol.

The Roman name for the town was Corinium, which is thought to have been associated with the ancient British tribe of the Dobunni, having the same root word as the River Churn. The earliest known reference to the town was by Ptolemy in AD 150. The town's Corinium Museum has an extensive Roman collection.
Party of the Third Age
The Party of the Third Age (Luxembourgish: Partei vum 3. Alter, French: Parti du Troisième Âge) was a political party in Luxembourg.  It contested the 1999 election to the Chamber of Deputies, but has since disbanded.

Its party platform was dedicated to pensioners' issues, and its name is a reference to its core constituency.  In its only legislative election in which it stood candidates, in 1999, it contested only the Sud constituency, in which it came eighth and last, with 0.4% of the vote.  It folded soon afterwards.

Pensioner
A pensioner is a person who receives a pension, most commonly because of retirement from the workforce. This is a term typically used in the United Kingdom (along with OAP, initialism of old-age pensioner), Ireland and Australia where someone of pensionable age may also be referred to as an "old age pensioner". In the United States, the term retiree is more common, and in New Zealand, the term superannuitant is commonly used. In many countries, increasing life expectancy has led to an expansion of the numbers of pensioners, and they are a growing political force.
Grovespring, Missouri
Grovespring is an unincorporated community in Wright County, Missouri, United States. It is located on Missouri Route 5, approximately 20 miles (32 km) south of Lebanon, Missouri in neighbouring Laclede County.

Lebanon, Missouri
Lebanon is a city in and the county seat of Laclede County, Missouri, United States. The population was estimated at 15,013 at the time of the 2020 census. It is the county seat of Laclede County. The Lebanon Micropolitan Statistical Area consists of Laclede County. The original name of Lebanon, Missouri was Wyota, named after the original Native Americans that settled in the area. Later, Reverend Benjamin Hooker changed the name to his hometown in Lebanon, Tennessee.
Timothy Skinner
Timothy D. "Tim" Skinner is a former teacher and a Democratic politician in Indiana who served three terms in the Indiana Senate.

Skinner earned his B.A. and M.A. in Secondary Education from Indiana State University. He taught economics, government, and geography at West Vigo High School in West Terre Haute until his retirement in 2011.

Skinner represented the 38th Senate District from 2002 to 2014, when he lost to Jon Ford in the general election. He was the 2016 Democratic nominee for the Indiana House of Representatives, District 42. He lost to the incumbent, Alan Morrison. Previously an Otter Creek Township, Vigo County, Indiana Precinct Committeeman, he also has served on the Vigo County Council (1999–2004).

Indiana State University
Indiana State University (ISU) is a public university in Terre Haute, Indiana, United States. It was founded in 1865 and offers over 100 undergraduate majors and more than 75 graduate and professional programs. Indiana State is classified among "D/PU: Doctoral/Professional Universities".
Villa de Merlo Airport
Villa de Merlo Airport (ICAO: SADR) was a public use airport serving the town of Villa de Merlo, San Luis, Argentina.

Google Earth Historical Imagery (10/28/2003) shows a 1,220 metres (4,000 ft) asphalt runway just south of the town. The (4/16/2010) image shows the runway converted to a street with trees planted alongside its length. Subsequent and current images show progressive construction activity.

The Valle del Conlara Airport is 16 kilometres (10 mi) west of Villa de Merlo.

Villa de Merlo
Villa de Merlo is a small city in the Department of Junín, Province of San Luis, Argentina. It is administered by a mayor Leonardo Rodriguez. The town lies 796 meters (abt. 2600 feet) above sea level. The local demonym for Merlo is a "Merlino".

Merlo is the third most populated country town in the province. The city is famous for its microclimate, specifically for the amount of negatively charged particles in the atmosphere. The weather is mostly mild and dry, with little wind, and the area has a number of streams.
Gymnosiphon
Gymnosiphon (yellowseed) is a genus of monocotyledonous flowering plants from the yam order. Like most of the other members of the family in which the plant is placed (Burmanniaceae), Gymnosiphon is entirely myco-heterotrophic genus that does not contain chlorophyll and respectively does not perform photosynthesis.

Gymnosiphon is distributed across the moist, tropical regions of Asia, America and Africa. The plant has very small size and thin stems. Leaves are rudimentary and with appearance like scales or bracts. Its flowers are white in color, pale and solitary or sometimes collected in tiny inflorescences of few depending on the species. They are also actinomorphic with three larger outer tepals and three more inner and smaller ones.

Phylogenetically Gymnosiphon is placed in the clade of Burmanniaceae sensu stricto.

Chlorophyll
Chlorophyll is any of several related green pigments found in cyanobacteria and in the chloroplasts of algae and plants. Its name is derived from the Greek words χλωρός (khloros, "pale green") and φύλλον (phyllon, "leaf"). Chlorophyll allows plants to absorb energy from light. Those pigments are involved in oxygenic photosynthesis, as opposed to bacteriochlorophylls, related molecules found only in bacteria and involved in anoxygenic photosynthesis.

Chlorophylls absorb light most strongly in the blue portion of the electromagnetic spectrum as well as the red portion. Conversely, it is a poor absorber of green and near-green portions of the spectrum. Hence chlorophyll-containing tissues appear green because green light, diffusively reflected by structures like cell walls, is less absorbed. Two types of chlorophyll exist in the photosystems of green plants: chlorophyll a and b.
Veneman
Veneman is a Dutch surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ann Veneman (born 1949), American lawyer

Barry Veneman (born 1972), Dutch motorcycle racer

John Veneman (1925–1982), American politician

John Veneman
John G. Veneman (October 31, 1925 – April 11, 1982) was a Republican politician from Modesto, California. He was born in Corcoran and died in Sacramento. He was elected to the California State Assembly for the 30th District five times in succession, between 1962 and 1969. In 1969 he resigned to become Under Secretary at the United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare under Secretary of HEW Robert Finch. In 1974 he was unsuccessful in a bid to become Lieutenant Governor of California.

He was the father of Ann Veneman, United States Secretary of Agriculture 2001–2005. The portion of State Route 99 from the Stanislaus County line to State Route 132 in Modesto is named the "John G. Veneman Freeway". It was named by Assembly Concurrent Resolution No. 171, Chapter 131, in 1984.