hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Paper valuation
Paper valuation is the value of privately held shares that is not directly tradeable at an exchange. This notional value, though, is as yet untested on real buyers.

The opposite of paper value is exchangeable value, and is the value that is directly monetizable as long as there is a willing buyer and a willing seller.

Thus, if the aside exchange was made as an "exchange valuation" this new company valuation would be tradable directly on the stock exchange. One problem with paper valuation is that it is not that easy to monetize in a short time period.

This valuation concept is a cornerstone in the stock exchange world. Value exchange is paramount to its existence.

Share (finance)
A share (sometimes someone can refer to as stock or equity) is a unit of equity ownership in the capital stock of a corporation. It can refer to units of mutual funds, limited partnerships, and real estate investment trusts. Share capital refers to all of the shares of an enterprise. The owner of shares in a company is a shareholder (or stockholder) of the corporation. A share expresses the ownership relationship between the company and the shareholder. The denominated value of a share is its face value, and the total of the face value of issued shares represent the capital of a company, which may not reflect the market value of those shares.

The income received from the ownership of shares is a dividend. There are different types of shares such as equity shares, preference shares, deferred shares, redeemable shares, bonus shares, right shares, and employee stock option plan shares.
Bakhti-ye Bala
Bakhti-ye Bala (Persian: بختي بالا, also Romanized as Bakhtī-ye Bālā; also known as Dar Moḩammad, Bakhtī, and Qanāt-e Seyyed Moḩammad) is a village in Birk Rural District, in the Central District of Mehrestan County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the time of the 2006 census, its population was 81, across 17 families.

Birk Rural District
Birk Rural District (Persian: دهستان بيرك) is in Birk District of Mehrestan County, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Regentog. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Chahuk.
Frücht
Frücht (German pronunciation: [fʁʏçt]) is a small municipality in the federal state of Rhineland-Palatinate in western Germany. It is part of the Bad Ems-Nassau Municipal Association (German: Verbandsgemeinde) in the Rhein-Lahn District. It is located in the Taunus Mountains about 7 kilometers (4.3 mi) southwest of Bad Ems and about 7 km (4.3 mi) east of Lahnstein.

Bad Ems
Bad Ems (German pronunciation: [baːt ˈʔɛms] ⓘ) is a town in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is the administrative seat of the Rhein-Lahn rural district and is well known as a spa on the river Lahn. Bad Ems was the seat of Bad Ems collective municipality, which has been merged into the Bad Ems-Nassau collective municipality. The town has around 9,000 inhabitants.

In 2021, the town became part of the transnational UNESCO World Heritage Site under the name "Great Spa Towns of Europe", because of its famous hot springs and 18-20th century architecture bearing testimony to the popularity of spa resorts in Europe during that time.
Dawangguzhuang
Dawangguzhuang Town (simplified Chinese: 大王古庄镇; traditional Chinese: 大王古莊鎮; pinyin: Dàwánggǔzhuāng Zhèn) is a town located inside of Wuqing District, Tianjin, China. It borders Yongledian and Gaocun Towns in the north, Baigutun Town in the east, Chengguan and Beiwang Towns in the south, and Yaohualu Subdistrict in the west. In 2010, the population of the town was 25,061.

In the early years of the Tang Dynasty, a local rebellion force constructed a fortified village named Wangguzhuang (Chinese: 王固庄; lit. 'Wang's Stronghold Villa') in the area. During the Qing Dynasty, the settlement was split into two village, with the larger settlement becoming Dawangguzhuang.

Wuqing, Tianjin
Wuqing District (simplified Chinese: 武清区; traditional Chinese: 武清區; pinyin: Wǔqīng Qū) is a district of Tianjin, bordering Hebei province to the north and west, Beijing Municipality to the northwest, Baodi District to the northeast, and Beichen District and Xiqing District to the southeast/south.
Ministry of Culture (Peru)
The Ministry of Culture (Spanish: Ministerio de Cultura, MINCUL) is the government ministry of Peru in charge of the promotion of Peruvian culture and identity. It was created on 20 July 2010, during the Second presidency of Alan García. It replaced the National Institute of Culture (Spanish: Instituto Nacional de Cultura, INC), with Juan Ossio Acuña serving as its inaugural minister after his appointment on 4 September 2010.

As of 2025, the culture minister is Fabricio Valencia

Gran Teatro Nacional del Perú
The Gran Teatro Nacional del Perú (Grand National Theater of Peru) is a multi-purpose theatre and concert hall in Lima, Peru. It is part of the Cultural Tridium, and is flanked by the National Library of Peru and the Museo de la Nación.

The theatre was inaugurated on 23 July 2011. The theatre has a capacity of up to 1500 people, and uses the latest technology in acoustics and sound engineering to support performance genres ranging from opera, philharmonic orchestras, pop stars, Broadway shows and more. The building includes rehearsal rooms, dressing rooms, restaurants, cafeteria, library and rooms for various types of events.

In July 2012 it hosted a performance of the opera-ballet Akas Kas by Peruvian composer Nilo Valerde.

The state funeral of former president Alberto Fujimori was held in the building on 14 September 2024.
Abatai, Rennell Island
Abatai is a village in the Solomon Islands, on Rennell Island in the Rennell and Bellona province. Immediate neighboring villages include Tesauma, Magino, Matamoana and Nukumatangi. Joshua Na'siu is the chief of Abatai village.

11°41′29.54″S 160°18′27.83″E﻿ / ﻿11.6915389°S 160.3077306°E﻿ / -11.6915389; 160.3077306

Tigoa
Tigoa (sometimes spelt Tingoa) is a village on Rennell Island, Solomon Islands. It is the administrative centre of Rennell and Bellona Province. It is located approximately 12-20 metres above sea level.
1995–96 Los Angeles Kings season
The 1995–96 Los Angeles Kings season, was the Kings' 29th season in the National Hockey League (NHL). It involved Wayne Gretzky being traded to the St. Louis Blues. For the third consecutive year, the Kings failed to make the playoffs.

1995–96 NHL season
The 1995–96 NHL season was the 79th regular season of the National Hockey League. As part of the league's new collective bargaining agreement (CBA) signed after the 1994–95 NHL lockout, each team began playing 82 games per season. The Quebec Nordiques relocated to Denver, Colorado, becoming the Colorado Avalanche. The Stanley Cup winners were the Avalanche, who swept the Florida Panthers in the finals, in four games.
2025 FIVB Men's Volleyball World Championship statistics
The final tournament took place in two cities of the Philippines from 12 to 28 September 2025.

Italy claimed their fifth title, defeating the silver medalist Bulgaria from 1970 World Championship in the final.

Araneta Coliseum
The Araneta Coliseum, also currently known by naming rights sponsorship as Smart Araneta Coliseum, is an indoor multi-purpose sports arena that is part of the Araneta City in the Cubao area of Quezon City, Philippines. Nicknamed "the Big Dome", it is one of the largest indoor arenas in Asia, and one of the largest clear span domes in the world. The dome measures approximately 108.0 meters (354.3 ft) making it the largest dome in Asia from its opening in 1960 until 2001 when it was surpassed by the Ōita Stadium in Japan with a dome measuring 274.0 meters (899.0 ft).

The Smart Araneta Coliseum is mostly used for indoor sports such as basketball. It is a main venue of the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA). The Big Dome is also used for other sports and events such as boxing, cockfighting, local and international concerts, circuses, religious gatherings, and beauty pageants.
Prehistoric East Africa
The prehistory of East Africa spans from the earliest human presence in the region until the emergence of the Iron Age in East Africa. Between 1,600,000 BP and 1,500,000 BP, the Homo ergaster known as Nariokotome Boy resided near Nariokotome River, Kenya. Modern humans, who left behind remains, resided at Omo Kibish in 233,000 BP. Afro-Asiatic speakers and Nilo-Saharan speakers expanded in East Africa, resulting in transformation of food systems of East Africa. Prehistoric West Africans may have diverged into distinct ancestral groups of modern West Africans and Bantu-speaking peoples in Cameroon, and, subsequently, around 5000 BP, the Bantu-speaking peoples migrated into other parts of Sub-Saharan Africa (e.g., Central African Republic, African Great Lakes, South Africa).

Haplogroup L4
Haplogroup L4 is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. It is a small maternal clade primarily restricted to Africa.

L4 is important in East Africa. The highest frequencies are in Tanzania among the Hadza at 60-83% and Sandawe at 48%.

It has two branches, L4a and L4b. Subgroup L4a was formerly called L7 and considered a separate subclade of L3'4'7. It has  been recognized as a subclade of L4, with L3 as its outgroup by Behar et al. (2008).
The parent clade L3'4 is to have emerged at 106–66 kya.  
L4 is not much later than this, estimated at 87 kya by Fernandes et al. (2015).
Carmel Chapel, Trecynon
Carmel, Trecynon was a Calvinistic Methodist chapel located in Hirwaun Road, Trecynon, directly opposite the public park at Aberdare, Wales. Services at Carmel were conducted in the Welsh language, and the history of Carmel involves much more than the history of the building alone. Carmel was the first Calvinistic Methodist chapel to be established in the Aberdare district, and is considered the mother church of all Methodist chapels in the Cynon Valley. It remained an active church until the end of the twentieth century, but its decline mirrored that of the Welsh language in the area over the decades.

Aberdare
Aberdare (/ˌæbərˈdɛər/ ab-ər-DAIR; Welsh: Aberdâr ⓘ) is a town in the Cynon Valley area of Rhondda Cynon Taf, Wales, at the confluence of the Rivers Dare (Dâr) and Cynon. Aberdare has a population of 39,550 (mid-2017 estimate). Aberdare is 4 miles (6 km) south-west of Merthyr Tydfil, 20 miles (32 km) north-west of Cardiff and 22 miles (35 km) east-north-east of Swansea. During the 19th century it became a thriving industrial settlement, which was also notable for the vitality of its cultural life and as an important publishing centre.
Celle Ligure
Celle Ligure (Ligurian: Çelle) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Savona in the Italian region Liguria, located about 30 kilometres (19 miles) west of Genoa and about 8 kilometres (5 miles) northeast of Savona.

It borders the comuni of: Albisola Superiore, Stella, and Varazze. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").

Varazze
Varazze (pronounced [vaˈraddze; vaˈrattse]; Ligurian: Väze) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Savona in the Italian region of Liguria, located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) west of Genoa and about 11 kilometres (7 mi) northeast of Savona in the Riviera di Ponente. Nearby in the Ligurian Apennines is the Monte Beigua with its Natural Regional Park.

Economy is predominantly based on the shipyards, yachting and tourism.
Peter Storey
Peter Edwin Storey (born 7 September 1945) is an English former footballer. Able to play at full-back or more commonly as a defensive midfielder, he picked up a reputation in the Football League as an aggressive player in the 1960s and 1970s.

He turned professional at his boyhood club Arsenal in 1962, and became a first team regular after making his debut in 1965. He spent 15 years at the club, winning the
Inter-Cities Fairs Cup in 1970, the First Division title in 1970–71, and the FA Cup in 1971. He was also a losing finalist in the 1968 and 1969 League Cup and the 1972 FA Cup Final. He also won 19 caps for England between 1971 and 1973. He was transferred to Fulham in 1977 before announcing his retirement eight months later.

After retiring from football he was convicted of various criminal offences; including keeping a brothel, and was jailed for three years for financing a plot to counterfeit gold coins.

Bertie Mee
Bertram Mee OBE (25 December 1918 – 21 October 2001) was an English footballer and manager. After his playing career was cut short by injury, he later became a manager and led Arsenal to their first Double win in 1971.
Bean Creek (Zayante Creek tributary)
Bean Creek is a 9.1-mile-long (14.6 km) stream that rises on the western slopes of the Santa Cruz Mountains and discharges to Zayante Creek. This stream traverses relatively rugged, forested lands and is the locus of an important fossil bearing formation. These fossils are embedded in the Lower Santa Margarita Formation and include Astrodapsis spatiosus;also rare species of gastropod Thais cf. lapillis, and shark teeth (e.g. Isurus hastalis). After joining Zayante Creek, the flows reach the San Lorenzo River and then the Pacific Ocean at Santa Cruz, California.

Santa Cruz Mountains
The Santa Cruz Mountains (Mutsun Ohlone: Mak-sah-re-jah, "Sharp Ridged Mountain of the Eagle" or "People of the Eagle Mountain") are a mountain range in central and Northern California, United States, constituting a part of the Pacific Coast Ranges. They form a ridge down the San Francisco Peninsula, south of San Francisco. They separate the Pacific Ocean from the San Francisco Bay and the Santa Clara Valley, and continue south to the Central Coast, bordering Monterey Bay and ending at the Salinas Valley. The range passes through the counties of San Mateo, Santa Clara, and Santa Cruz, with the Pajaro River forming the southern boundary.
Corsican Constitution
The first Corsican Constitution was drawn up in 1755 for the short-lived Corsican Republic independent from Genoa beginning in 1755, and remained in force until the annexation of Corsica by France in 1769. It was written in Tuscan Italian, the language of elite Corsican culture at the time.

It was drafted by Pasquale Paoli, and inspired by Jean-Jacques Rousseau who, commissioned by the Corsicans, in 1763 wrote Projet de constitution pour la Corse.

The second Corsican Constitution was drawn up in 1794 for the short-lived (1794–96) Anglo-Corsican Kingdom and introduced suffrage for all property owners. It was considered a highly democratic constitution for its time.

Linda Colley credits Paoli with writing the first written constitution of a nation state.

Constitutional Project for Corsica
Constitutional Project for Corsica (French: Projet de constitution pour la Corse) is the second of Jean-Jacques Rousseau's three works on political affairs, following The Social Contract and preceding Considerations on the Government of Poland.
Matthew Steen
Matthew Landy Steen (born August 22, 1949), also known under the alias William Hollis Coquillette  is a former member of Weather Underground Organization and Students for a Democratic Society. In 1972, he was indicted on federal conspiracy and bank robbery charges to finance radical leftist Weatherman activities, sentenced to a ten-year federal prison term.

In June 1972, Steen attempted to be an informant for the FBI about the February, 1970 San Francisco Park Station Bombing.

Steen was featured on the lead segment of 60 Minutes, "Fake ID", in an interview with Mike Wallace, first aired February 1, 1976. This was the first time a former Weatherman had ever appeared on national television. He was queried about false identities and traveler's check fraud.

Students for a Democratic Society
Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) was a national student activist organization in the United States during the 1960s and was one of the principal representations of the New Left. Disdaining permanent leaders, hierarchical relationships and parliamentary procedure, the founders conceived of the organization as a broad exercise in "participatory democracy". From its launch in 1960, it grew rapidly in the course of the tumultuous decade, with over 300 campus chapters and 30,000 supporters recorded nationwide by its last national convention in 1969. The organization splintered at that convention amidst rivalry between factions seeking to impose national leadership and direction, and disputing "revolutionary" positions on, among other issues, the Vietnam War and Black Power.

A new national network for left-wing student organizing, also calling itself Students for a Democratic Society, was founded in 2006.
New Edubease (Ghana parliament constituency)
New Edubease is one of the constituencies represented in the Parliament of Ghana. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election. New Edubease is located in the Adansi South district  of the Ashanti Region of Ghana.

Ashanti Region
The Ashanti Region is located in the southern part of Ghana and is the third largest of 16 administrative regions, occupying a total land surface of 24,389 km2 (9,417 sq mi) and making up 10.2 percent of the total land area of Ghana. It is the most populated region in Ghana, with a population of 5,440,463 according to the 2021 census, accounting for around one-sixth of Ghana's total population. The Ashanti Region is known for its gold bar and cocoa production. The largest city and capital of Ashanti is Kumasi.
West Ealing
West Ealing is a district in the London Borough of Ealing, in West London. The district is about three-quarters of a mile (1.2 km) west of Ealing Broadway. Although there is a long history of settlement in the area, West Ealing in its present form is less than one hundred years old. West Ealing falls under the postcode district W13 and neighbours Hanwell, Ealing, Perivale and Northfields

Drayton Green railway station
Drayton Green railway station is in the London Borough of Ealing in west London, and is in London fare zone 4. It is on the Greenford branch line 41 chains (0.82 km) north of West Ealing where it joins the Great Western Main Line at 7 miles 7 chains (11.4 km) from London Paddington.

It was the least used station in Greater London from 2021/22 to 2022/23 according to the station usage estimates published by the Office of Rail and Road.
Pierre-André Boutang
Pierre-André Boutang (March 25, 1937, in Paris – August 20, 2008, in Porticcio, Corsica) was a French documentary filmmaker, producer and director. He was one of the leaders of the Franco-German channel Arte as well as of La Sept previously.

We Won't Grow Old Together
We Won't Grow Old Together (French: Nous ne vieillirons pas ensemble) is a 1972 French drama film directed by Maurice Pialat. Starring Marlène Jobert, Jean Yanne, and Macha Méril, the film is based on a novel of the same name by Pialat. It recounts the end of an affair between a married man who will not leave his wife and a spirited young woman who in the end breaks free. At the 1972 Cannes Film Festival, Jean Yanne won the award for Best Actor.
Camphorosma
Camphorosma is a genus of flowering plants in the family Amaranthaceae, found in northern Africa, southern and eastern Europe, Crimea, Russia, Anatolia, the Caucasus, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Central Asia, the Altai, western Siberia, Xinjiang in China, and Mongolia. Annuals or subshrubs, they can be distinguished from closely related taxa such as Bassia by their flattened perianths which have four lobes, inflorescences with multicellular glandular hairs, a distinct C4 leaf anatomy type (called the Camphorosma type), and a chromosome count of 2n = 12.

Amaranthaceae
Amaranthaceae (/ˌæmərænˈθeɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/ AM-ər-an-THAY-see-ee, -⁠eye) is a family of flowering plants commonly known as the amaranth family, in reference to its type genus Amaranthus. It includes the former goosefoot family Chenopodiaceae and contains about 165 genera and 2,040 species, making it the most species-rich lineage within its parent order, Caryophyllales.
Bhutan national badminton team
The Bhutan national badminton team (Dzongkha: འབྲུག་པའི་བྱ་སྒྲོ་སྤོ་ལོ་ཨམ་ཚན་གྱིས) represents Bhutan in international badminton team competitions. It is controlled by the Bhutan Badminton Federation (Dzongkha: འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་སྒྲོ་རྩེད་ཚོགས་པ་གིས་), the national governing body for Bhutanese badminton.

Bhutan made their first team tournament appearance when the men's team competed in the 2016 South Asian Games in Shillong, India. The Bhutanese men's team lost to Nepal and was eliminated in the group stage. The Bhutanese mixed team also competed in the Summer Universiade.

Dzongkha
Dzongkha (རྫོང་ཁ་ [d͡zòŋkʰɑ́]), also known by its exonym Bhutanese, is a Tibeto-Burman language in the Sino-Tibetan language family that is primarily spoken by the Bhutanese people. It is the official and national language of Bhutan, and is written using the Tibetan script.

The word dzongkha means "the language of the fortress", from dzong "fortress" and kha "language". As of 2013, Dzongkha had 171,080 native speakers and about 640,000 total speakers.

Dzongkha is a South Tibetic language. It is closely related to Laya and Lunana and partially intelligible with Sikkimese, and to some other Bhutanese languages such as Chocha Ngacha, Brokpa, Brokkat and Lakha. It has a more distant relationship to Standard Tibetan.
Eduardo Sasha
Eduardo Colcenti Antunes (born 24 February 1992), known as Eduardo Sasha or simply Sasha, is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a forward for Red Bull Bragantino.

He made his professional debut for Internacional in 2010, and has won the Campeonato Gaúcho four times for the club. He spent 18 months on loan at Goiás, where he won the Campeonato Brasileiro Série B and the Campeonato Goiano. In 2018 he moved to Santos. In 2020, Sasha joined Atlético Mineiro, winning the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A and the Copa do Brasil in 2021, among other titles.

2013 Campeonato Goiano
The 2013 Campeonato Goiano de Futebol was the 70th season of Goiás' top professional football league. The competition began on January 20 and ended on May 19. Goiás were the champion by the 24th time. Rio Verde and Itumbiara were relegated.
2000–01 IIHF Continental Cup
The Continental Cup 2000–01 was the fourth edition of the IIHF Continental Cup. The season started on September 22, 2000, and finished on January 14, 2001.

The tournament was won by ZSC Lions, who won the final group.

IIHF Continental Cup
The Continental Cup is a second-level ice hockey tournament for European clubs (behind Champions Hockey League), begun in 1997 after the discontinuing of the European Cup. It was intended for teams from countries without representatives in the European Hockey League, with participating teams chosen by the countries' respective ice hockey associations. Hans Dobida served as chairman of the Continental Cup until 2018.
Impunity laws
The term "impunity laws" (Spanish: Leyes de impunidad) refers to two laws and a series of presidential decrees enacted between 1986 and 1990, which prevented the prosecution or execution of convictions against perpetrators of crimes against humanity during the state terrorism carried out by the Military Junta in the 1976 civil-military coup d'état, which governed from 1976 to 1983. On May 3, 2017, the Supreme Court issued a ruling that allows the sentences of persons found guilty of crimes against humanity to be significantly reduced, by application of the so-called "two for one".

Emilio Eduardo Massera
Emilio Eduardo Massera (19 October 1925 – 8 November 2010) was an Argentine Naval military officer and a leading participant in the Argentine coup d'état of 1976. In 1981, he was found to be a member of P2 (also known as Propaganda Due), a clandestine Masonic lodge involved in Italy's strategy of tension. Many considered Massera to have masterminded the junta's Dirty War against political opponents, which resulted in over 30,000 deaths and disappearances.