hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
48th Indian Infantry Brigade
The 48th Infantry Brigade, was raised as   the 48 Indian Infantry Brigade,  in October 1941, at Secunderabad, India.  After an initial tenure with   19th Indian Infantry Division, it was transferred to the 17th Indian Infantry Division. In World War II it participated in the Burma campaign and in   April 1942 was  attached  to 1st Burma Division. After the war  the brigade returned to India  as an independent brigade, and was located at Dhond in August 1947. After  India gained Independence in 1947,  48 Indian Infantry Brigade was re-designated as 48 Infantry Brigade.  Since then 48 infantry brigade has seen action  Goa in  1961,  as part of 17 Infantry  Division;  in the 1962 War  in Kameng Frontier Division,  Arunachal Pradesh,  as part of 4th Infantry Division;  and in the 1971 war, as part of 7th Infantry Division.  Since the  1970s,  48  Infantry Brigade has been  located in Ferozpur, Punjab, as part of 7 Infantry Division.

Daund
Daund is a city, municipal council, and headquarters of the Daund tehsil in the Pune district in the state of Maharashtra, India. The city of Daund is located on the Bhima River.

In ancient times, a sage named Dhaumya Rishi stayed here; hence, people started calling it after him: "Dhaum". Gradually "Dhaum" became "Dhoand", then "Dhaundh". According to the epic Mahabharata, Krishna's wife Rukmini went in the "Dhindir forest"; this ancient "Dhindir Van" is today's Daund.
NSTL
NSTL refers to the

National Software Testing Laboratories in Blue Bell, Pennsylvania

National Soil Tilth Laboratory in Ames, Iowa

former National Space Technology Laboratory, now John C. Stennis Space Center in Hancock County, Mississippi

National Standards Testing Laboratory in Rockville, Maryland

National Tree Seed Laboratory, Dry Branch, Georgia

Navigation Systems & Technology Laboratory at NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston

National Strategic Target List of the Single Integrated Operational Plan

National Security Threat List, sets out FBI's foreign counterintelligence mission

Virtual Journal of Nanoscale Science & Technology, University of California

National Science and Technology Library, China

Naval Science and Technological Laboratory, An Indian national defense laboratory under DRDO, located in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh.

Dry Branch, Georgia
Dry Branch (also Drybranch, Pikes Peak) is an unincorporated community located in Twiggs and Bibb counties, Georgia, United States. Its ZIP code is 31020. The area covered by the ZIP code has a population of 3,198 and contains 100.81 square miles of land and is 0.4% water.
Cape Torson
Cape Torson (66°40′S 90°36′E﻿ / ﻿66.667°S 90.600°E﻿ / -66.667; 90.600) is a point at the east side of Posadowsky Bay on the coast of Antarctica. First mapped from air photos taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump, 1946–47. Remapped by the Soviet expedition 1956, who named it after Lieutenant K.P. Torson, of the ship Vostok in the Bellingshausen expedition 1819–21.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Cape Torson". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Posadowsky Bay
Posadowsky Bay (German: Posadowskybai) is an open embayment in the vicinity of Gaussberg, just east of the West Ice Shelf. Discovered in February 1902 by German Antarctic Expedition under Erich von Drygalski, who named it for Count Arthur von Posadowsky-Wehner, Imperial Home Secretary, who secured a government grant to cover the cost of the Drygalski expedition.

66°47′S 89°27′E﻿ / ﻿66.783°S 89.450°E﻿ / -66.783; 89.450
 This article incorporates public domain material from "Posadowsky Bay". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.
Leonhard Schultze languages
The Leonhard Schultze (Leonard Schultze) or Walio–Papi languages are a proposed family of about 6 Papuan languages spoken in the Sepik river basin of northern Papua New Guinea. They are spoken along the border region of East Sepik Province and Sandaun Province, just to the south of the Iwam languages.

The languages are named after the Leonhard Schultze River, which is in turn named after German anthropologist Leonhard Schultze-Jena.

Iwam languages
The Iwam languages are a small family of two clearly related languages, May River Iwam and Sepik Iwam are generally classified among the Sepik languages of northern Papua New Guinea; Malcolm Ross places them in an Upper Sepik branch of that family.

The Iwam languages are spoken at the extreme western end of East Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea along the bank of the Upper Sepik River, and are situated just to the west of the Left May languages.
Whitnal
Whitnal is a hamlet and small civil parish situated in the North Wessex Downs Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty in the Basingstoke and Deane district of Hampshire, England. Its nearest town is Whitchurch, which lies approximately 2.75 miles (4.4 km) south-west from the hamlet.

The hamlet is made up of a handful of cottages and a farmhouse as well as having a grain store. Other towns which are close to Whitnal are Andover and Basingstoke.

North Wessex Downs
The North Wessex Downs are an area of chalk downland landscapes, largely turfed by grassland, located in the southern English counties of Berkshire, Hampshire, Oxfordshire and Wiltshire. The North Wessex Downs has been designated as a National Landscape (formerly known as Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty or AONB) since 1972.

The North Wessex Downs is a modern name coined with the creation of the AONB to encompass the area of chalk and limestone hills better known by various overlapping local names, including the Berkshire Downs, the North Hampshire Downs, the White Horse Hills, the Lambourn Downs, the Marlborough Downs, the Vale of Pewsey and Savernake Forest.
Lake Townsen Regional Park
Lake Townsen Regional Park is a park located in northeastern Hernando County, Florida, United States.  Although Hernando County Department of Parks gives the address as being in Brooksville, it is actually closer to Istachatta. The park occupies 375 acres (152 ha) and includes trails for jogging, hiking, bicycling, and horseback riding.  These trails connect with the Withlacoochee State Trail.  The park also has fields for baseball, basketball, volleyball and horseshoes as well a picnic areas and a playground.

Horseshoes (game)
Horseshoes is a lawn game played between two people (or two teams of two people) using four horseshoes and two throwing targets (stakes) set in a lawn or sandbox area. The game is played by the players alternating turns tossing horseshoes at stakes in the ground,  which are traditionally placed 40 feet (12 m) apart. Modern games use a more stylized U-shaped bar, about twice the size of an actual horseshoe.
The Dirty Dozen: The Fatal Mission
The Dirty Dozen: The Fatal Mission is a 1988 made-for-TV film directed by Lee H. Katzin, and is the third sequel to the 1967 Robert Aldrich film The Dirty Dozen. It features an all-new "dirty dozen", with the exception of the returning Joe Stern, under the leadership of Major Wright (played by Telly Savalas). The plot concerns Major Wright and his convict commando squad attempting to stop 12 top Nazis, who are trying to organize a Fourth Reich.

Telly Savalas
Aristotelis "Telly" Savalas (Greek: Αριστοτέλης Σαβάλας; January 21, 1922 – January 22, 1994) was an American actor. Noted for his bald head and deep, resonant voice, he is perhaps best known for portraying Lt. Theo Kojak on the crime drama series Kojak (1973–1978) and James Bond archvillain Ernst Stavro Blofeld in the film On Her Majesty's Secret Service (1969).

Savalas's other films include Birdman of Alcatraz (1962), The Greatest Story Ever Told (1965), Genghis Khan (1965), Battle of the Bulge (1965), The Dirty Dozen (1967), Kelly's Heroes (1970), Horror Express (1972), Lisa and the Devil (1974), Escape to Athena (1979), Border Cop (1980) and Mind Twister (1993). For Birdman of Alcatraz, he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor and the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor.

Savalas released a cover of the Bread song "If", which became a UK number-one single in 1975.
Tommy Lowrey
Tommy Lowrey (6 September 1911 - 21 January 1991) was a three-times Classic-winning jockey whose major successes came either side of the Second World War, most notably on Airborne, trained by Dick Perryman, on which he won two of the three British Triple Crown races in 1946.

July Cup
The July Cup is a Group 1 flat horse race in Great Britain open to horses aged three years or older. It is run on the July Course at Newmarket over a distance of 6 furlongs (1,207 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in July.

It is one of Britain's most valuable and prestigious sprint races, and many of its winners have been acknowledged as the champion sprinter in Europe.
Ramesh Korgaonkar
Ramesh Korgaonkar (Marathi: रमेश कोरगावकर)  is Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray) politician from Mumbai, Maharashtra. He was MLA in Maharashtra Legislative Assembly from Bhandup West Vidhan Sabha constituency as a member of Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray).

Maharashtra Legislative Assembly
The Maharashtra Legislative Assembly (ISO: Mahārāṣṭra Vidhānasabhā) is the lower house of the bicameral legislature of Maharashtra state in western India. It consists of 288 members directly elected from single-seat constituencies. The Assembly meets at Vidhan Bhavan in Mumbai, though the winter session is held in Nagpur. Along with the Maharashtra Legislative Council, it constitutes the legislature of Maharashtra. The presiding officer of the Assembly is the Speaker. Members of the Assembly are directly elected by the people of Maharashtra through elections held every five years, unless the Assembly is dissolved earlier. The current Assembly was elected in November 2024.
Mera Piya Ghar Aaya
Mera Piya Ghar Aaya (Punjabi: میرا پیا گھر آیا) is a Punjabi Sufi poem written by noted 18th-century Sufi saint and poet Baba Bulleh Shah. He composed this poem at the return of his Murshid Shah Inayat Qadiri. The song is part of most of the Qawwali performances. It is one of the best known songs of Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan and part of his album, Qawwali: The Essential Collection. A popular Bollywood song is derived from it and copies the main rhyming couplet and in the picturization features Indian actress Madhuri Dixit.

The song has been performed by many notable artists, such as Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan, Mamta Joshi, Sabri Brothers, Qawwal Bahauddin Khan, Rahat Fateh Ali Khan, Badar Miandad, Sher Miandad Qawwal, and Fareed Ayaz.

Fareed Ayaz
Ghulam Fariduddin Ayaz Al-Hussaini  Qawwal (born in Hyderabad, India) is a Pakistani Sufi devotional singer. He belongs to the well-known family of Qawwals, known as the Qawwal Bacchon ka Gharana of Delhi.

Ayaz and his relatives are the flag-bearers of the Delhi gharana, a school of music. He performs various genres of Hindustani classical music such as dhrupad, khayal, tarana, thumri, and dadra. He leads the qawwal party with his younger brother, Abu Muhammad Qawwal.

Ayaz is a descendant of Mir Qutub Bakhsh, who was awarded the title of Tanras Khan by the last Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar in the 19th century. Tanras Khan was also the tutor in music and court musician of this emperor.
Harkabuz
Harkabuz [xarˈkabus] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Raba Wyżna, within Nowy Targ County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland.

The village lies in the drainage basin of the Black Sea (through Orava, Váh and Danube rivers), in the historical region of Orava (Polish: "Orawa").

Orava (river)
The Orava (Hungarian: Árva) is a river in north-western Slovakia passing through a picturesque country, in the Orava county. Its source is nowadays the Orava water reservoir whose waters flooded the confluence of Biela (White) Orava and Čierna (Black) Orava in 1953. It flows into the river Váh near the village of Kraľovany. It is 62.0 km (38.5 mi) long and its basin size is 1,192 km2 (460 sq mi).
Edward Fairbanks
Edward Lewis Fairbanks (1850 – September 14, 1924) was a merchant and political figure in Manitoba. He represented Baie St. Paul from 1883 to 1886 in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba as a Conservative.

He was born in Belle-Riviere, Canada East and was educated at the Carillon Academy. Fairbanks was postmaster at Baie St. Paul, Manitoba from 1878 to 1883. He served as warden for the rural municipality of Belcourt (dissolved in 1890). He was a member of the Board of Agriculture and Statistics for Manitoba. A few years after leaving politics, Fairbanks moved to Ottawa. He died there in 1924.

Belle-Rivière, Quebec
Belle-Rivière (French pronunciation: [bɛl ʁivjɛʁ]) is an unorganized territory in the Canadian province of Quebec, located in the regional county municipality of Lac-Saint-Jean-Est. It had a population of 10 in the Canada 2021 Census, and covered a land area of 608.47 km2. The Métabetchouane River forms its western boundary.

The territory is named after la Belle Rivière ("the beautiful river") that has its source at Lac de la Belle Rivière ("Beautiful River Lake") that is also within the territory. The river was historically an important route for the natives and explorers of the Lac Saint-Jean region.
Mandakini (2024 film)
Mandakini is a 2024 Indian Malayalam-language film written and directed by Vinod Leela and produced by Sanju Unnithan under Spire Productions. It stars Althaf Salim, Anarkali Marikar, and Ganapathi S. Poduval in the lead roles. The film released on 24 May 2024.

Ganapathi S. Poduval
Ganapathi S. Poduval (born 15 March 1995) is an Indian actor who works in the Malayalam film industry. He is well-known for his roles as child artist in the films Vinodayathra (2007) and Pranchiyettan & The Saint (2010). He also played a major role in the film Chithrasalabhangalude Veedu (2008).
Elena Tchalykh
Elena Tchalykh (born 25 March 1974) is a Russian professional racing cyclist who competed from 2011 on for Azerbaijan. She competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in the Women's road race and in the Women's time trial.

Cycling at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's road time trial
The women's road time trial, one of the cycling events at the 2012 Olympic Games in London, took place on 1 August in southwest London and Surrey. Kristin Armstrong of the United States was the defending champion. The competition consisted of a time trial over one lap of a 29 km (18.0 mi) course, with staggered starts.

Armstrong retained the title and won the gold medal with a winning time of 37 minutes 34.82 seconds. Judith Arndt from Germany was second and won silver, while Olga Zabelinskaya of Russia collected bronze.
Kujūkuri Prefectural Natural Park
Kujūkuri Prefectural Natural Park (県立九十九里自然公園, Kenritsu Kujūkuri shizen kōen) is a Prefectural Natural Park in Chiba Prefecture, Japan. First designated for protection in 1935, the park extends along some sixty kilometres of the coast between the Minami Bōsō and  Suigo-Tsukuba Quasi-National Parks. The park spans the borders of twelve municipalities: Asahi, Chiba, Chōsei, Chōshi, Ichinomiya, Kujūkuri, Ōamishirasato, Sanmu, Shirako, Sōsa, Tōgane, and Yokoshibahikari.

Sōsa
Sōsa (匝瑳市, Sōsa-shi) is a city located in Chiba Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 October 2020, the city had an estimated population of  35,674 in 14,688 households and a population density of 350 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 101.78 square kilometres (39.30 sq mi).
Jonathan Christian
Jonathan Christian, SL, QC, PC (I) (17 February 1808 in Carrick-on-Suir, County Tipperary – 29 October 1887 in Dublin), was an Irish judge. He served as Solicitor-General for Ireland from 1856 to 1858. He was a judge of the Court of Common Pleas (Ireland) from 1858 to 1867 when he was appointed Lord Justice of Appeal in Chancery. On the creation of the new Irish Court of Appeal in 1878 he served briefly on that Court, but retired after a few months.

Christian was considered one of the best Irish lawyers of his time, but as a judge, he regularly courted controversy. His bitter and sarcastic temper and open contempt for most of his colleagues led to frequent clashes both in Court and in the Press. Though he was rebuked for misconduct several times by the House of Commons, no serious thought seems to have been given to removing him from office.

Court of Common Pleas (Ireland)
The Court of Common Pleas was one of the principal courts of common law in Ireland. It was a mirror image of the equivalent court in England. Common Pleas was one of the four courts of justice which gave the Four Courts in Dublin, which is still in use as a courthouse, its name. Its remit as in England was to hear lawsuits between ordinary citizens.
The Black Cloth
The Black Cloth (French title Le Pagne Noir: Contes Africains) is a collection of African folk tales by Bernard Binlin Dadié. It was first published in 1955, in French; an English translation by Karen C. Hatch was published in 1987. The stories were published at a time when many African writers (including Dadié and such authors as Birago Diop) were creating a new outlet for traditional African art, converting oral literature into written literature, and adapting writing to convey the tradition of orality.

Nzema language
Nzema, also known as Nzima or Appolo, is a Central Tano language spoken by the Nzema people of southwestern Ghana and southeastern Ivory Coast. It is partially intelligible with Jwira-Pepesa and is closely related to Baoulé.

Being a Bia language, Nzema is one of the many Akan languages, and it has had considerable influence from other Akan languages, especially Twi and Fante. There are notable towns in Nzemaland such as Bonyere, Nkroful, Half Assini, Axim, Eikwe, Baku, Atuabo, Beyin, Essiama and Anokyi.
Du-par's
Du-par's is a diner-style restaurant in Los Angeles, California, that was once a modest-sized regional chain. It was founded in 1938 by James Dunn and Edward Parsons, who combined their surnames to create the restaurant's name. The original location still exists at the Los Angeles Farmers Market in Los Angeles' Fairfax District. There is also an associated franchised restaurant at the Suncoast Hotel and Casino in Las Vegas, Nevada.

Fairfax District, Los Angeles
The Fairfax District is a neighborhood in the Central region of Los Angeles, California.

Historically the Fairfax District has been a center of the Jewish community in Los Angeles. It is known for the Farmers Market, The Grove, CBS Television City broadcasting center, the Los Angeles Museum of the Holocaust in Pan Pacific Park, the Beverly-Fairfax Historic District neighborhood, and Fairfax Avenue restaurants and shops.
Gaza envelope
The Gaza envelope (Hebrew: עוטף עזה, otef aza) encompasses the populated areas in the Southern District of Israel that are within 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) of the Gaza Strip border and are therefore within range of mortar shells and Qassam rockets launched from the Gaza Strip. The area is defined by the Anemone coronaria flowering during spring which is celebrated in the Darom Adom festival. Most of the population in the area resides in kibbutzim.

Qassam rocket
The Qassam rocket (Arabic: صاروخ القسام Ṣārūkh al-Qassām; also Kassam) is a simple, steel artillery rocket developed and deployed by the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades, the military arm of Hamas.

Since the rocket was first manufactured in 2001 by Tito Masoud and Nidal Farhat, three models of the Qassam rocket have been produced and used. More generally, all types of Palestinian rockets fired into southern Israel, for example the Palestinian Islamic Jihad Al Quds rockets, are called Qassams by the Israeli media, and often by foreign media.

Leading international human rights organizations have called Palestinian armed groups' use of Qassam rockets against civilians and civilian targets a war crime and a violation of international law.

Many of the rocket's components are made of common materials such as sugar, fertilizer, firearms cartridges, springs, nails, and steel cylinders.
Sankar Malakar
Sankar Malakar (born 1954 or 1955) is an Indian politician from West Bengal. He is a former member of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly from Matigara-Naxalbari Assembly constituency, which is reserved for Scheduled Caste community, in Darjeeling district.

West Bengal Legislative Assembly
The West Bengal Legislative Assembly is the unicameral legislature of the Indian state of West Bengal. It is located in the B. B. D. Bagh area of Kolkata, the capital of the state. Members of the Legislative assembly are directly elected by the people. The legislative assembly comprises 294 Members of Legislative Assembly, all directly elected from single-seat constituencies. Its term is five years, unless sooner dissolved.
Light Vessel 72
51°39′01″N 3°50′18″W﻿ / ﻿51.6504°N 3.8382°W﻿ / 51.6504; -3.8382

Light Vessel 72 (also known by its identification number LV72) was a light vessel of Trinity House, a British lighthouse authority.  Constructed in Sunderland in 1903 she served as a navigational beacon in the British Isles until the Second World War.  From 18 June 1944, in Operation Overlord, she was positioned off Normandy to mark the mineswept shipping lanes and the approaches to the Mulberry harbours.  After the war she was deployed to several stations, lastly in the Bristol Channel until sold for scrap in 1973. Saved by the intervention of a scrapyard manager, she has lain on a mud bank in Neath, Wales, since. Groups from Sunderland made proposals to return her to where she was built, but the plan was never realised.

Lightship
A lightvessel, or lightship, is a ship that acts as a lighthouse in areas deemed unsuitable for proper lighthouse construction. Although some records exist of fire beacons being placed on ships in Roman times, the first modern lightship was invented by Robert Hamblin in 1734 and was located off the Nore sandbank at the mouth of the River Thames in London, England. Lightships have since been rendered obsolete by advancing lighthouse construction techniques, and by large automated navigation buoys (LANBY).
Stephen Markley
Stephen Markley (born October 2, 1983 in Mount Vernon, Ohio) is an American journalist and author, whose work includes memoirs and novels. He was born in Ohio and is a graduate of Miami University and the Iowa Writers' Workshop.

Markley's first novel Ohio (2018) takes place during a single evening. His second novel The Deluge (2023) is a dystopian epic about climate change spanning the years 2013 through to the 2030s. The New York Times review said of it that the "dystopia is realistic and nuanced, grim but playful, setting Markley’s book apart from the tsunami of recent climate-change literature." The New York Times named The Deluge one of the 100 Notable Books of 2023.

Markley is reportedly working on an adaptation of Ohio for an HBO series to be produced by Sam Levinson.

Iowa Writers' Workshop
The Iowa Writers' Workshop, at the University of Iowa, is a graduate-level creative writing program. At 90 years, it is the oldest writing program offering a Master of Fine Arts (MFA) degree in the United States. Its acceptance rate is between 2.7% and 3.7%. On the university's behalf, the workshop administers the Truman Capote Award for Literary Criticism and the Iowa Short Fiction Award.

The workshop's director is the writer Lan Samantha Chang, under whom its endowment has grown from $2.6 million to $12.5 million.