hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Minoritized language
In sociolinguistics, a minoritized language is a language that is marginalized, persecuted, or banned. Language minoritization stems from the tendency of large nations to establish a common language for commerce and government, or to establish homogeneity for ideological reasons. Minoritized languages are typically restricted to a smaller range of language domains than dominant languages, and frequently one-way bilingualism develops when speakers of minoritized languages learn the dominant language, but not vice versa. Speakers of minoritized languages may face various consequences, including reduced educational achievement and language shift in favor of the dominant language.

Nancy Dorian
Nancy Currier Dorian (1936 – April 24, 2024) was an American linguist who carried out research into the decline of the East Sutherland dialect of Scottish Gaelic for over 40 years, particularly in the villages of Brora, Golspie and Embo. Due to their isolation from other Gaelic-speaking communities, these East Sutherland villages presented a good opportunity to study language death. Dorian's study is possibly the longest such study in the field. She was considered "a prime authority" on language death. Language Death: The Life Cycle of a Scottish Gaelic Dialect, her study into the decline of Gaelic in East Sutherland, is considered "the first major monograph" on language death. According to linguist Joan Argenter, Dorian's name "is well known to scholars working in" several areas of linguistics.
2014 Stockport Metropolitan Borough Council election
Elections to Stockport Metropolitan Borough Council took place on 22 May 2014. They coincided with other local elections happening on this day across the UK, as well as the 2014 elections to the European Parliament.

Stockport Council is elected in thirds which means that in each three member local ward, one councillor is elected every year, except every four years which is classed as fallow year. The previous fallow year was 2013, when no local government elections took place in the borough.

Following the elections, the Lib Dem minority run administration was able to continue in office.

Stockport Metropolitan Borough Council
Stockport Metropolitan Borough Council (SMBC), also known as Stockport Council, is the local authority of the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport in Greater Manchester, England. It is a metropolitan borough council and provides the majority of local government services in the borough. The council has been a member of the Greater Manchester Combined Authority since 2011.

The council has been under no overall control since 2011. Since 2022 it has been led by a Liberal Democrat minority administration. The council meets at Stockport Town Hall and has additional offices in the adjoining Stopford House and Fred Perry House.
Tennessee State Route 474
State Route 474 (SR 474, known as Merchants Greene Boulevard) was a 1.4-mile-long (2.3 km) five-lane state highway in Hamblen County in the eastern portion of the U.S. state of Tennessee. It served as a connector route from SR 160 to US 11E/SR 34. It was decommissioned and designated as part of SR 66 following an extension project by TDOT in November 2020.

Special route
In road transportation in the United States, a special route is a road in a numbered highway system that diverts a specific segment of related traffic away from another road. They are featured in many highway systems; most are found in the Interstate Highway System, U.S. highway system, and several state highway systems. Each type of special route possesses generally defined characteristics and has a defined relationship with its parent route. Typically, special routes share a route number with a dominant route, often referred as the "parent" or "mainline", and are given either a descriptor which may be used either before or after the route name, such as Alternate or Business, or a letter suffix that is attached to the route number. For example, an alternate route of U.S. Route 1 may be called "Alternate U.S. Route 1", "U.S. Route 1 Alternate", or "U.S. Route 1A". Occasionally, a special route will have both a descriptor and a suffix, such as U.S. Route 1A Business.
Buyeo Tae
Buyeo Tae (扶餘泰, ? – ?) was a prince of Baekje, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. He was the second son of the last king, Uija of Baekje. When Sabi, the capital fell to the Silla–Tang alliance in 660 he fled to Ungjin with his mother the queen.

They went to Busosanseong (Busosan Fortress) where they held out for a short time but there were many that knew that could not withstand the forces of the Silla-Tang alliance and a certain soldier opened up the gate and surrendered to fortress. After this he was taken to Luoyang in China where he disappears from history.

His younger brother, Zenkō (善光 or 禅広), settled in Japan and was given the family name Kudara no Konikishi (百濟王; king of Baekje) by the emperor of Japan.

Kudara no Konikishi clan
The Kudara no Konikishi clan (Japanese: 百済王氏, Kudara no konikishi-uji) was an immigrant clan from Korea that was active during the Kofun period. The founder, Zenkō (善光 or 禅広), was a son of King Uija, the last king of Paekche.
Meadows, Illinois
Meadows, Illinois    is a small unincorporated community located in McLean County. Meadows is located on US Route 24, midway between Chenoa and Gridley, 
with easy access from Interstate 55.  Meadows at one time had a bank, general store, auto garage, a washing machine factory, and a school. All that remains in town is a nursing home, church, and a grain elevator. One railway line passes through the center of the town.

Machine factory
A machine factory is a company that produces machines. These companies traditionally belong to the heavy industry sector in comparison to a more consumer oriented and less capital intensive light industry. Today many companies make more sophisticated smaller machines, and they belong to the light industry. The economic sector of machine factories is called the machine industry.
I Want to Know What Love Is
"I Want to Know What Love Is" is a song by the American rock band Foreigner. The power ballad was released in November 1984 as the lead single from their fifth album, Agent Provocateur. The song reached number one on both the United Kingdom singles chart and the United States Billboard Hot 100 and is the group's biggest hit.

"I Want to Know What Love Is" remains one of Foreigner's best-known songs and most enduring radio hits, charting in the top 25 in 2000, 2001, and 2002 on the Billboard Hot Adult Contemporary Recurrents chart. The song has continued to garner critical acclaim, and is listed as one of Rolling Stone magazine's greatest songs of all time at number 476 in 2004 and at number 479 in 2010.

Bridge (music)
In music, especially Western popular music, a bridge is a contrasting section that prepares for the return of the original material section. It adds a sense of progress within a piece of music and can be used to introduce a source of tension. In a piece in which the original material or melody is referred to as the "A" section, the bridge may be the third eight-bar phrase in a 32-bar form (the B in AABA), or may be used more loosely in verse-chorus form, or, in a compound AABA form, used as a contrast to a full AABA section.

The bridge is often used to contrast with and prepare for the return of the verse and the chorus. "The b section of the popular song chorus is often called the bridge or release ", or boredom-breaker,.
Pakruojis Stadium
Pakruojis City Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Pakruojis, Lithuania. It opened in 1989 and is used mostly for football matches. It is the home arena for FC Pakruojis and former A Lyga club FK Kruoja.

In 2010 stadium was renovated. Capacity was increased to 2,000 seats, new technical area added. It currently holds 1st UEFA stadiums category.

TOPLYGA
The TOPLYGA, previously the A Lyga (2001–2025), is the top division of professional football in Lithuania. It is organized by the Lithuanian Football Federation (LFF) (Lithuanian: Lietuvos Futbolo Federacija).
Cycling in Madrid
The city of Madrid has been increasing in the last years its network of bicycle paths. In 2016, there were 195 km of cycling routes. The former city council had been planning to build 400 km more for the year 2024 despite a very vocal opposition to the construction of segregated infrastructure by a significant part of the local cycling community. However now with the new right wing mayor elected in 2019 the city is set to be the only capital in the world where bicycle lanes are being removed again.

City Council of Madrid
The City Council of Madrid (Spanish: Ayuntamiento de Madrid) is the top-tier administrative and governing body of Madrid, the capital and biggest city of Spain.

The city council is composed by three bodies: the mayor, who leads the city council and the executive branch of it; the governing council (Junta de Gobierno), which is the main body of the executive branch composed by the mayor and the councillors appointed by him; and the Plenary, a democratically elected assembly which represents the people of Madrid. The current mayor of Madrid is José Luis Martínez-Almeida since June 2019.
Pat Nolan (hurler)
Patrick Nolan (9 July 1937 – 29 August 2021) was an Irish hurler who played as a goalkeeper for the Wexford senior team.

Born in Oylegate, County Wexford, Nolan first played competitive hurling in his youth. He quickly came to prominence at underage levels with the Oylegate-Glenbrien club, before later winning championship medals in the junior and intermediate grades. Nolan was a one-time championship medal winner at senior level.

Wexford GAA
The Wexford County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) (Irish: Cumann Luthchleas Gael Coiste Chontae Loch Garman) or Wexford GAA is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland, and is responsible for Gaelic games in County Wexford. The county board is also responsible for the Wexford county teams.

Wexford is one of the few counties to have won the All-Ireland Senior Championship in both football and hurling.

The county hurling team last won the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship in 1996.

The county football team has won five All-Ireland Senior Football Championships, with the most recent win achieved in 1918.
The Missouri Traveler
The Missouri Traveler is a 1958 American coming-of-age period piece drama film directed by Jerry Hopper starring Brandon deWilde and Lee Marvin. It is based on the novel of the same name by John Burress. The cinematography was by Technicolor developer Winton C. Hoch with harmonica and banjo score by Jack Marshall of The Munsters fame. The feature was distributed by the Buena Vista Corporation subsidiary of Walt Disney Productions, but the film did not carry the "Disney" trademark.

It is the second of only 3 films produced by Cornelius Vanderbilt Whitney's C. V. Whitney Pictures; the first being The Searchers in 1956 with John Wayne and directed by John Ford, the last being The Young Land in 1959 with Patrick Wayne and Dennis Hopper.

Whitney married Mary Hosford (best-known later as socialite heiress Marylou Whitney), he gave a prominent part in this film, the same year it was released. The following year, in 1959,  deWilde's career would graduate to more adult themes in Blue Denim.

Winton C. Hoch
Winton C. Hoch, A.S.C. (/hoʊk/ HOHK) (July 31, 1905 – March 20, 1979) was an American cinematographer. He was earlier a laboratory technician who contributed to the development of Technicolor before becoming a cinematographer in 1936. His understanding of the color process quickly led to his being hailed as one of Hollywood's premier color cinematographers. Hoch never made a film in black and white.
André Bandrauk
André Dieter Bandrauk OC FRSC   FCIC   (born 20 May 1941) is a Canadian chemist and distinguished academic who is a professor of Theoretical
chemistry at the University of Sherbrooke in Montreal.

Born in war-time Berlin, Bandrauk immigrated to Canada with his family in 1951 and has been with the University of Sherbrooke since 1971.

Bandrauk was awarded the status of Fellow in the American Physical Society, after they were nominated by their Division of Atomic, Molecular & Optical Physics in 2007, for "pioneering theoretical contributions to elucidating intense laser interactions with molecules, including predictions of the existence of new molecules and of enhanced molecular ionization in intense laser fields, and of the usefulness of chirped pulses to control photochemical processes."

He was appointed an Officer of the Order of Canada in 2012.

Chemical Institute of Canada
The Chemical Institute of Canada is a Canadian professional umbrella organization for researchers and professionals in the field of chemistry. It was founded in 1921 as the Canadian Institute of Chemistry until it merged with other groups in 1945 under its current name. The organization comprises two groups: the Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering (est. 1966) and the Canadian Society for Chemistry (est. 1985). The Canadian Society for Chemical Technology (est. 1973) was formerly a third subsidiary organization, but a structural reorganization of the CIC in 2022 renamed this group as the Technologists & Technicians subject division of the Canadian Society for Chemistry.

Its highest award is the Chemical Institute of Canada Medal, awarded annually since 1951.

As of 2012, the Chemical Institute of Canada formed an agreement with the Society of Chemical Industry and SCI Canada, whereby SCI Canada became a forum of the CIC.
Diana Pesántez
Diana Elizabeth Pesántez Salto is an Ecuadorian politician who took up her position at the National Assembly three days after the 2021 election. She is a member of the BAN party and she represents Azuay Province.

National Assembly (Ecuador)
The National Assembly (Spanish: Asamblea Nacional) is the unicameral legislature of Ecuador. It replaced the National Congress in 2009 following reforms under the 2008 Constitution. Within Ecuador, the National Assembly has the power to pass laws, while appointment of judges to the National Court of Justice is done by a separate Judicial Council.
Glossary of ecology
This glossary of ecology is a list of definitions of terms and concepts in ecology and related fields. For more specific definitions from other glossaries related to ecology, see Glossary of biology, Glossary of evolutionary biology, and Glossary of environmental science.

Glossary of environmental science
This is a glossary of environmental science.

Environmental science is the study of interactions among physical, chemical, and biological components of the environment. Environmental science provides an integrated, quantitative, and interdisciplinary approach to the study of environmental systems.
Santhigiri
Santhigiri Ashram is a spiritual center and pilgrimage site, located in Pothencode, Thiruvananthapuram District, Kerala, India. It was founded by Navajyothi Sree Karunakara Guru and is recognized and developed as a Social and Scientific Research Organization by the Government of India.

Situated within the ashram compound is the Parnasala monument, in the shape of a lotus blossom in white Makrana marble. It was constructed by the followers of Karunakara Guru over a period of 10 years. It was inaugurated by the President of India Pratibha Devi Patil on 13 August, 2010 and was opened for prayers and worship on 12 September, 2010 .

This ashram is located at the geographic coordinates of 8°37′55.6″N 76°53′52.8″E﻿ / ﻿8.632111°N 76.898000°E﻿ / 8.632111; 76.898000 at an altitude of about 107.06 m above sea level.

Santhigiri Ashram works towards fulfilling Navajyothi Sri Karunakara Guru's vision of "revitalized life involving spiritual, social, economic and cultural elements".

Coordinate system
In geometry, a coordinate system is a system that uses one or more numbers, or coordinates, to uniquely determine and standardize the position of the points or other geometric elements on a manifold such as Euclidean space. The coordinates are not interchangeable; they are commonly distinguished by their position in an ordered tuple, or by a label, such as in "the x-coordinate". The coordinates are taken to be real numbers in elementary mathematics, but may be complex numbers or elements of a more abstract system such as a commutative ring. The use of a coordinate system allows problems in geometry to be translated into problems about numbers and vice versa; this is the basis of analytic geometry.
Bugryshikha
Bugryshikha (Russian: Бугрышиха) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Bugryshikhinsky Selsoviet, Kuryinsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 74 as of 2013. There are 5 streets.

Altai Krai
Altai Krai (Russian: Алтайский край, IPA: [ɐlˈtajskʲɪj kraj]) is a federal subject of Russia (a krai). It borders, clockwise from the west, Kazakhstan (East Kazakhstan Region, Abai Region and Pavlodar Region), Novosibirsk and Kemerovo, and the Altai Republic. Its administrative centre is the city of Barnaul. As of the 2021 Census, the population of the krai was 2,163,693.
Calolziocorte railway station
Calolziocorte railway station, formerly called Calolziocorte-Olginate, is a railway station in Italy. Located on the Lecco–Milan railway, where the line to Bergamo diverges, it serves the municipalities of Calolziocorte and Olginate.

Lecco–Milan railway
The Lecco–Milan railway is a railway line in Lombardy, Italy.

The railway line was opened on 27 December 1873 between Monza and Calolziocorte, using the existing branches from Lecco to Calolziocorte (opened in 1863) and from Monza to Milan (opened in 1840).

After the Monza-Calolziocorte, another railway connecting Monza and Lecco was built (1911, Monza-Molteno-Lecco railway), then today the first line is usually called "Milano-Lecco through Carnate", and the second "Milano-Lecco through Molteno".
Ivy Meeropol
Ivy Meeropol (born October 13, 1968) is an American director and producer of documentaries for film and television, known for Indian Point and Heir to an Execution. She is the daughter of Michael Meeropol and Ann Karus Meeropol and granddaughter of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, and adoptive granddaughter of Abel Meeropol (pen name: Lewis Allan), author of "Strange Fruit" and "The House I Live In". A graduate of Sarah Lawrence College, she served as a legislative aide to Congressman Harry Johnston.

The House I Live In (1945 film)
The House I Live In is a ten-minute short film written by Albert Maltz, produced by Frank Ross and Mervyn LeRoy, and starring Frank Sinatra. Made to oppose anti-Semitism at the end of World War II, it received an Honorary Academy Award and a special Golden Globe Award in 1946.

In 2007, this film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". It is also in the public domain.
National Register of Historic Places listings in the Gulf Coast region of Texas: Other
This page is one of two listing the National Register of Historic Places listings in Texas' Gulf Coast.

The Gulf Coast region is an area of 13 counties defined by the Texas Comptroller for economic reporting, as mapped here.  It includes the city of Houston and all of the Texas Panhandle by most definitions of that term.  The region included 2020 population of about 7.3 million, or 25 percent of Texas' population, with Harris County having 65 percent of that, and Houston alone having about 32 percent of that.

This page includes all of the Gulf Coast region besides Harris County (Houston plus); for the latter please see that

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted March 21, 2025.

To see all locations together in a map, click on "Map all coordinates using OpenSourceMap" at right.

National Register of Historic Places listings in Harris County, Texas
The following properties and districts in Harris County, Texas, United States, are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted January 9, 2026.
2020 Combined Japan Cup
The 2020 Combined Japan Cup was held from 26 to 27 December 2020 in Saijō city, Ehime Prefecture. It was organized by the JMSCA (Japan Mountaineering and Sport Climbing Association). The athletes competed in combined format of three disciplines: speed, bouldering, and lead. The winner for men was Kokoro Fujii and for women was Miho Nonaka.

Kokoro Fujii
Kokoro Fujii (藤井 快 Fujii Kokoro, born November 30, 1992) is a Japanese professional competition climber who specialises in competition bouldering. He has won the men's bouldering event at the 2021 IFSC Climbing World Championships, and in multiple medals at IFSC Climbing World Cup events, finishing second overall in bouldering during the 2021 World Cup season.
2021 Braga Open
The 2021 Braga Open was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the third edition of the tournament which was part of the 2021 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Braga, Portugal between 20 and 26 September 2021.

Braga Open
The Braga Open is a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It is currently part of the ATP Challenger Tour. It is held annually in Braga, Portugal since 2018. The tournament has been installed with Braga's nomination as European City of Sport in 2018.
Henry McHenry (anthropologist)
Henry Malcolm McHenry (born May 19, 1944) is a professor of anthropology at the University of California, Davis, specializing in studies of human evolution, the origins of bipedality, and paleoanthropology.

McHenry has published on the comparative relationships among primate fossils.  His findings have been featured in scholarly journals, and in publications including Science, The New York Times, Discover and National Geographic.  McHenry earned bachelor's and master's degrees at UC Davis before earning his Ph.D. at Harvard.

Annual Review of Anthropology
The Annual Review of Anthropology is an academic journal that publishes review articles of significant developments in anthropology and its subfields. First published by Stanford University Press in 1959 under the name the Biennial Review of Anthropology, it became known as the current title in 1972 when its publication was assumed by Annual Reviews. Don Brenneis and Karen B. Strier have been the editors since 2013. As of 2025, according to Journal Citation Reports, the journal has an impact factor of 2.7 for the year 2024. As of 2023, it is being published as open access, under the Subscribe to Open model.
Biryukovka
Biryukovka (Russian: Бирюковка) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Biryukovsky Selsoviet, Privolzhsky District, Astrakhan Oblast, Russia. The population was 1,857 as of 2010. There are 16 streets.

Privolzhsky District, Astrakhan Oblast
Privolzhsky District (Russian: Приво́лжский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the eleven in Astrakhan Oblast, Russia. It is located in the south of the oblast. The area of the district is 840.9 square kilometers (324.7 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Nachalovo. Population: 43,647 (2010 census); 38,649 (2002 Census); 38,575 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Nachalovo accounts for 12.5% of the district's total population.

Ethnic Russians are the biggest ethnic group in the district and make up around 39% of its population. Ethnic minorities include Tatars (30%), Kazakhs (16%) and Turkmens (4%).