hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Windham Sadler
William Windham Sadler (17 October 1796 – 30 September 1824) was an English balloonist. His father was aviation pioneer James Sadler, and, after an education in engineering, Sadler followed in his father's footsteps. He made an ascent in London during the Grand Jubilee of 1814, and in 1817 made the first successful aerial crossing of the Irish Sea, a feat that had been unsuccessfully attempted by his father. Sadler was killed when his balloon crashed into a chimney near Blackburn during a flight in 1824.

Balloon (aeronautics)
In aeronautics, a balloon is an unpowered aerostat, which remains aloft or floats due to its buoyancy. It may use hot air as a lifting gas, or it may use gas that is not air like hydrogen or helium. A balloon may be free, moving with the wind, or tethered to a fixed point. It is distinct from an airship, which is a powered aerostat that can propel itself through the air in a controlled manner.

Many balloons have a basket, gondola, or capsule suspended beneath the main envelope for carrying people or equipment (including cameras and telescopes, and flight-control mechanisms).
RT-2PM Topol
The RT-2PM Topol (Russian: РТ-2ПМ Тополь ("Poplar"); NATO reporting name SS-25 Sickle; GRAU designation: 15Ж58 ("15Zh58"); START I designation: RS-12M Topol) was a mobile intercontinental ballistic missile designed in the Soviet Union and in service with Russia's Strategic Missile Troops. As of 2014, Russia planned to replace all RT-2PM ICBMs with versions of Topol-M. In December 2023, the last Topol regiment was taken off combat duty.

Sickle
A sickle, bagging hook, reaping-hook or grasshook is a single-handed agricultural tool designed with variously curved blades and typically used for harvesting or reaping grain crops, or cutting succulent forage chiefly for feeding livestock. Falx was a synonym, but was later used to mean any of a number of tools that had a curved blade that was sharp on the inside edge.

Since the beginning of the Iron Age hundreds of region-specific variants of the sickle have evolved, initially of iron and later steel.  This great diversity of sickle types across many cultures can be divided into smooth or serrated blades, both of which can be used for cutting either green grass or mature cereals using slightly different techniques.  The serrated blade that originated in prehistoric sickles still dominates in the reaping of grain and is even found in modern grain-harvesting machines and in some kitchen knives.
Dixie Athletic Conference
The Dixie Athletic Conference was a short-lived IHSAA-sanctioned conference in Southern Indiana. The conference was formed in 1961 by smaller, far-flung schools. In 1965, left with only four schools, it merged with the Southern Monon Conference to form the Dixie-Monon Conference.

Indiana High School Athletic Association
The Indiana High School Athletic Association (IHSAA) is the arbiter of interscholastic competition among public and private high schools in the U.S. state of Indiana.

Member schools are classified into four classes based on enrollment, ranging from the smallest, 1A, to the largest, 4A. Some sports provide specific classifications, such as football (six classes) and soccer (three).

The IHSAA's boys and girls basketball tournaments, sometimes dubbed Hoosier Hysteria, are some of the oldest and best-attended state basketball tournaments in the United States.
Culture of the United States Marine Corps
The culture of the United States Marine Corps is widely varied but unique amongst the branches of the United States Armed Forces. Because members of the Marine Corps are drawn from across the United States (and resident aliens from other nations), it is as varied as each individual Marine but tied together with core values and traditions passed from generation to generation of Marines. As in any military organization, the official and unofficial traditions of the Marine Corps serve to reinforce camaraderie and set the service apart from others. The Corps' embracement of its rich culture and history is cited as a reason for its high esprit de corps.

Lemuel C. Shepherd Jr.
Lemuel Cornick Shepherd Jr. (February 10, 1896 – August 6, 1990) was a General in the United States Marine Corps, 20th Commandant of the Marine Corps, Navy Cross recipient, veteran of World War I, World War II, and the Korean War.

As Commandant, he secured a place on the Joint Chiefs of Staff, gaining parity for the Marine Corps with the other military services.
ATC code A03
ATC code A03 Drugs for functional gastrointestinal disorders is a therapeutic subgroup of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, a system of alphanumeric codes developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the classification of drugs and other medical products. Subgroup A03 is part of the anatomical group A Alimentary tract and metabolism.

Codes for veterinary use (ATCvet codes) can be created by placing the letter Q in front of the human ATC code: for example, QA03. ATCvet codes without corresponding human ATC codes are cited with the leading Q in the following list.National issues of the ATC classification may include additional codes not present in this list, which follows the WHO version.

Methylscopolamine bromide
Methylscopolamine or methscopolamine, usually provided as the bromide or nitrate salt, is an oral medication used along with other medications to treat peptic ulcers by reducing stomach acid secretion.  Proton pump inhibitors and antihistamine medications have made this use obsolete. It can also be used for stomach or intestinal spasms, to reduce salivation, and to treat motion sickness.  Methscopolamine is also commonly used as a drying agent, to dry up post-nasal drip, in cold, irritable bowel syndrome and allergy medications

Methscopolamine, a methylated derivative of scopolamine, is a muscarinic antagonist structurally similar to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.  Its mechanism of action involves blocking the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.

It was patented in 1902 and approved for medical use in 1947. Methscopolamine is an FDA-approved analog to hyoscine butylbromide.
Florida's 8th Senate district
Florida's 8th Senate district elects one member of the Florida Senate. The district consists of most of Volusia County and part of northern Brevard County, in the U.S. state of Florida. The current senator is Republican Tom A. Wright.

From 1849 to 1850, the district was represented by Augustus Maxwell, a future Confederate States senator. From 1940 to 1943, and again from 1946 to 1954, the district was represented by future Governor of Florida LeRoy Collins.

Three presidents of the Florida Senate have represented the district: Lew Brantley, Ander Crenshaw, and Jim King.

LeRoy Collins
Thomas LeRoy Collins (March 10, 1909 – March 12, 1991) was an American politician who served as the 33rd governor of Florida from 1955 to 1961. Collins began his governorship after winning a special election in 1954, and was elected to a four-year term in 1956.

Prior to winning election as governor, Collins served several terms in the Florida House of Representatives and Senate. He was the first governor from the South to promote ending segregation. Counseling "progress under law," he took a moderate course in favor of incremental improvements during the 1950s and 60s and is remembered as a voice in favor of civil rights.
NASA Astronaut Group 14
NASA Astronaut Group 14 ("The Hogs") was a group of 24 astronauts announced by NASA on 31 March 1992. The group's name derived from The Muppet Show skit "Pigs in Space" and from the group's sponsorship of a pot-bellied pig at the Houston Zoo.

STS-97
STS-97 was a Space Shuttle mission to the International Space Station (ISS) flown by Space Shuttle  Endeavour. The crew installed the first set of solar arrays to the ISS, prepared a docking port for arrival of the Destiny Laboratory Module, and delivered supplies for the station's crew. It was the last human spaceflight of the 20th century.
Amir Reza Khadem
Amir Reza Khadem Azghadi (Persian: امیررضا خادم ازغدی, born 10 February 1970) is an Iranian wrestler who won Olympic bronze medals in 1992 and 1996. He finished fourth at the 2000 Summer Olympics, and he won the 1991 World Championships, He also won a bronze medal at the 1990 World Championships and the 1992 and 1993 Asian Championships and a silver medal at the 1991 Asian Championships and the 1994 Asian Games.

He was trained by his father Mohammad Khadem. His younger brother Rasoul Khadem is also a world champion and an Olympic gold medalist in freestyle wrestling.

He is currently Vice Minister of Youth Affairs and Sports in Legal, Parliamentary and Provincial Affairs, has been appointed for the position on 30 December 2013.

On 31 January 2026, Khadem took to his Instagram and called on the authorities to release athletes and artists who were imprisoned during the 2025–2026 Iranian protests, as well as all Iranians who were arrested for protesting.

1994 Asian Games
The 1994 Asian Games (1994年アジア競技大会), also known as the XII Asiad and the 12th Asian Games (第12回アジア競技大会) or simply Hiroshima 1994 (広島1994), were held from October 2 to 16, 1994, in Hiroshima, Japan. It was the first Asian Games in history to be hosted in a non-capital city. The main theme of this edition was to promote peace and harmony among Asian nations. This concept was used due to the historical fact that the city was the site of the first atomic bomb attack 49 years earlier. Due to the 1991 Gulf War, Iraq was suspended from the games. The games debuted the five Asian former republics of the Soviet Union: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan.

There were a total number of 6,828 athletes and officials involved, from 42 countries, with a total number of 34 sports. Debut sports at this edition of the Asiad were baseball, karate and modern pentathlon.
2018 NPF Draft
The 2018 NPF College Draft was the 15th annual collegiate draft for the National Pro Fastpitch. It took place April 23, 2018 in Nashville, Tennessee at Acme Feed & Seed, a downtown entertainment venue. It was available for internet viewing via NPFTV, the league's streaming platform. The first selection was Paige Lowary of Oklahoma, picked by the Chicago Bandits.

Chicago Bandits
The Chicago Bandits are a women's professional softball team based in Rosemont, Illinois. Founded in 2005, they originally played as a member of National Pro Fastpitch (NPF). The Bandits won the 2008 NPF championship, defeating the Washington Glory in the final game of the championship series. The team won their second NPF championship following the 2011 season when they won the championship series two games to none over the USSSA Pride. Following the 2015 season the team won its third NPF championship defeating the USSSA Pride two games to none. The team plays their home games at Parkway Bank Sports Complex in Rosemont, Illinois. The team originally folded in 2021 when the NPF disbanded, but resumed operations as part of the Athletes Unlimited Softball League (AUSL) in 2025, playing as a traveling team until permanently returning to the Chicago metropolitan area in 2026.
Sagor & Swing
Sagor & Swing is a Swedish instrumental duo that fused disparate musical genres such as jazz, electronic music, and Scandinavian folk music. The band consisted of Eric Malmberg (organ), and Ulf Möller (drums) Ulf Möller was replaced in 2007 by Fredrik Björling, who previously played in Dungen, The Amazing, etc. The band's sound was defined by Malmberg's distinctive organ playing.  A major source of inspiration was organist Bo Hansson (formerly of Hansson & Karlsson), who collaborated with the group in a number of performances.

The duo formed in 1999, and released four albums between 2001 and 2004. Malmberg released a solo album in 2005. The band stopped playing live for a few of years, but started touring again in 2013, when they also released a new album. Ulf Möller rejoined the band in 2014, replacing Fredrik Björling.

The waltz "Vals på vingar" from Orgelfärger was featured in the HBO TV series Eastbound & Down in 2013.

Dungen
Dungen ("the grove", Swedish pronunciation: [ˈdɵ̂ŋːɛn]) is a Swedish rock band based in Stockholm.  Often classified as psychedelic rock, Dungen is also influenced by Swedish (and other) folk music, classic rock, progressive rock, garage rock and alternative rock.

The band is fronted by singer/composer Gustav Ejstes, who writes all music and plays the majority of instruments on the band's records. Live, Dungen plays as a four-piece.  Ejstes, who in his teens started his songwriting with hip hop, is backed live by Swedish progressive rock veteran Reine Fiske on guitar, bassist Mattias Gustavsson, and drummer Johan Holmegard (who replaced Fredrik Björling), all of whom have played parts on Dungen's studio albums.
Electric Picnic 2009
Electric Picnic 2009 was the sixth edition of the Electric Picnic festival to take place. The three-day event took place on the weekend of Friday 4 September, Saturday 5 September and Sunday 6 September at Stradbally Hall in Stradbally, County Laois, Ireland. The festival was launched on 15 April 2009 and featured performances from artists such as Orbital, The Flaming Lips, Brian Wilson, Basement Jaxx, Madness, Klaxons, Bell X1, Fleet Foxes and MGMT.

Orbital and The Flaming Lips released albums prior to their appearances. Dan Deacon was replaced in the line-up by The Jimmy Cake the week before.

Stradbally Hall
53°00′38″N 7°09′19″W﻿ / ﻿53.01061°N 7.1554°W﻿ / 53.01061; -7.1554


Stradbally  is a large house in Stradbally, County Laois, Ireland. It is owned by the Cosby family and is positioned in the heart of Stradbally, around ten minutes from Portlaoise on the N80. The estate has hosted the Electric Picnic boutique arts and music festival since it began in 2004, hosts other events such as the National Steam Rally, and was the venue for an Irish Scout Jamboree in July/August 2018. The Stradbally Woodland Railway operates a short narrow gauge track on the grounds.
Frederick Kawerau
Frederick (German: Friedrich) Ferdinand Kawerau was a German-born architect and surveyor, who worked in Geelong, Victoria, Australia between about 1849 and 1854.

Kawerau was born on 1 October 1817 in Bolesławiec, in Lower Silesia, and was probably uncle of Gustav Kawerau. He studied in Berlin, and was appointed as surveyor from the Royal Academy in Berlin. He was married to Maria and for a time lived in Hamburg.

Bolesławiec
Bolesławiec (pronounced [bɔlɛˈswavʲɛt͡s] ⓘ, German: Bunzlau) is a historic city situated on the Bóbr River in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It is the administrative seat of Bolesławiec County, and of Gmina Bolesławiec (being an urban gmina in its own right). As of June 2021, it has a population of 38,280. Founded in the 13th century, the city is known for its long-standing pottery-making tradition and heritage Old Town.
Przesławki
Przesławki [pʂɛˈswafki] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dubeninki, within Gołdap County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland, close to the border with the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia. It lies approximately 16 km (10 mi) north-east of Dubeninki, 31 km (19 mi) east of Gołdap, and 162 km (101 mi) north-east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

Gołdap County
Gołdap County (Polish: powiat gołdapski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, northern Poland, on the border with Russia. Its administrative seat and only town is Gołdap, which lies 133 kilometres (83 mi) north-east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

When powiats were re-introduced in the Polish local government reforms of 1999, the present Gołdap and Olecko Counties made up a single entity (called powiat olecko-gołdapski or Olecko-Gołdap County). This was divided into two in 2002.

The county covers an area of 771.93 square kilometres (298.0 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 26,825, out of which the population of Gołdap is 13,716 and the rural population is 13,109.
Capsular process
In rodents, the capsular process or projection is a bony capsule that contains the root of the lower incisor. It is visible on the labial (outer) side of the mandible (lower jaw) as a raising in the bone. There is marked variation within species in the development of this process.

Most oryzomyines have a well-developed capsular process, which is usually located behind the coronoid process, but many have a small one, and some lack the structure entirely. Phyllotines and akodontines are also variable in their development of a capsular process.

Oryzomyini
Oryzomyini is a tribe of rodents in the subfamily Sigmodontinae of the family Cricetidae. It includes about 120 species in about thirty genera, distributed from the eastern United States to the southernmost parts of South America, including many offshore islands. It is part of the clade Oryzomyalia, which includes most of the South American Sigmodontinae.

The name Oryzomyini derives from that of its type genus, Oryzomys, which means "rice rat" or "rice mouse". Many species are also known as rice rats.
Luka Anthony Ubur
Luka Anthony Ubur is a South Sudanese politician. He served as County Commissioner of Wau County, Western Bahr el Ghazal from 18 May 2010 to 9 May 2011 before being appointed advisor on youth & sports.

Western Bahr el Ghazal
Western Bahr el Ghazal is a state in South Sudan. It has an area of 93,900 km2 (36,255 sq mi) and as of 2020 has estimated 600,000 in population. It is part of the Bahr el Ghazal region. Its capital is Wau. The state shared international borders with Sudan to the north and the Central African Republic to the west. The portion now occupied by Raga County (pronounced 'Raja') is the southern part of the historical region known as "Dar Fertit".
Stadio Guido Biondi
Stadio Guido Biondi is a multi-use stadium in Lanciano, Italy.  It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of S.S. Virtus Lanciano 1924.  The stadium holds 5,334; about 976 seats are covered.

After the promotion of Virtus Lanciano, it was renovated to meet Serie B standards.

42°13′11″N 14°22′56″E﻿ / ﻿42.21972°N 14.38222°E﻿ / 42.21972; 14.38222

Lanciano
Lanciano (Italian pronunciation: [lanˈtʃaːno]; Abruzzese: Langiàne [lanˈdʒɑːnə]) is a town and comune in the province of Chieti, part of the Abruzzo region of central Italy. It has 33,944 inhabitants as of 2023. The town is known for the first recorded Catholic Eucharistic Miracle. Lanciano is located about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from the Adriatic Sea in an elevated spot.
Eva Cruz
Eva Marie Cruz Dalmau (born January 22, 1974, in Toa Baja, Puerto Rico), known as Eva Cruz, is a former member of the Puerto Rican national volleyball team. Cruz played for Valencianas of Juncos in the Puerto Rican league of volleyball. She is for many "La Reina" (the queen) of volleyball in Puerto Rico.

Cruz participated at the 2002 FIVB Women's Volleyball World Championship in Germany.
She was the first player in the Puerto Rican women's volleyball league (Liga de Voleibol Superior Femenino) to achieve 4,000 points. She reached this mark on February 27, 2009. She reached 2,000 digs and 200 aces on February 2, 2007, becoming the second in league history.

Toa Baja, Puerto Rico
Toa Baja (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈtoa ˈβaxa]) is a town and municipality of Puerto Rico located in the northern coast, north of Toa Alta and Bayamón; east of Dorado; and west of Cataño. Toa Baja is spread over five  barrios, including Toa Baja Pueblo (the downtown area and the administrative center of the city). Toa Baja is part of the San Juan-Caguas-Guaynabo Combined Statistical Area. Toa Baja is located fifteen minutes by car from San Juan and two hours from Ponce.
Sandra Lee McKay
Sandra McKay (born 1945) is Professor Emeritus of San Francisco State University. Her main areas of interest are sociolinguistics, English as an International Language, and second language pedagogy. For most of her career she has been involved in second language teacher education, both in the United States and abroad. She has received four Fulbright grants, as well as many academic specialists awards and distinguished lecturer invitations.

Journal of Second Language Writing
The Journal of Second Language Writing is a peer-reviewed academic journal in the fields of linguistics and language education. Its scope encompasses all aspects of second and foreign language writing, including writing instruction and assessment. It was established in 1992 and is published quarterly by Elsevier. The current editors-in-chief are Youjin Kim (Georgia State University) and Stephen Doolan (Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi). The founding editors were Ilona Leki (University of Tennessee) and Tony Silva (Purdue University).

According to Journal Citation Reports, the journal had a 2024 impact factor of 5, ranking it 13th out of 194 journals in the category "Linguistics".
Achilles International
Achilles International, formerly known as the Achilles Track Club, was established by Dick Traum in 1983 to encourage people with disabilities to participate in mainstream athletics. Achilles has become an international organization that provides support, training, and technical expertise to people at all levels. They welcome people with all kinds of disabilities, such as: visual impairment, stroke, cerebral palsy, paraplegia, quadriplegia, arthritis, amputation, multiple sclerosis, cystic fibrosis, cancer, traumatic head injury, autism, and many others. With the help of volunteer guides, athletes participate in workouts and races using crutches, wheelchairs, handcycles, prostheses, or without aid at all.

Crutch
A crutch is a mobility aid that transfers weight from the legs to the upper body. It is often used by people who cannot use their legs to support their weight, for reasons ranging from short-term injuries to lifelong disabilities.
Sport climbing at the 2017 World Games
The competition climbing events at the World Games 2017 took place from July 21 to July 23, in Wrocław in Poland, at the Nowy Targ Square. 63 sportsmen from 23 nations participated in the event. It served as a qualifying event for the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo.

Sport climbing at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Competition climbing made its Olympic debut at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan (postponed to 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic).  Two events were held, one each for men and women. The format controversially consisted of one combined event with three disciplines: lead climbing, speed climbing and bouldering. The medals were determined based on best performance across all three disciplines. This format was previously tested at the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics. The Olympic code for sports climbing is CLB.

Two qualification boulders were leaked on YouTube; the video was quickly taken down and the boulders were reset.
John R. Murphy
John Robert Murphy (August 25, 1856 – December 28, 1932) was a Massachusetts politician and attorney who served as the Commissioner of the Boston Fire Department, Chairman of the Boston Finance Commission and in both branches of the Massachusetts legislature.

Boston Fire Department
The Boston Fire Department provides fire services and first responder emergency medical services to the city of Boston, Massachusetts. It also responds to such incidents as motor vehicle accidents, hazardous material spills, utility mishaps, floods, explosions, and construction accidents among others.

The Boston Fire Department was established as the first paid fire department in the United States, and is the largest municipal fire department in New England serving approximately 685,000 people living in the 48.4-square-mile (125 km2) area of the city proper. Additionally, it actively participates in MetroFire, the fire services mutual aid system which serves it and 35 other fire departments in the surrounding area.

In and around Boston, firefighters are sometimes referred to as Jakes.