hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Enza
The Enza (Italian pronunciation: [ˈɛntsa]; Emilian: Èinsa) is a torrent in northern Italy, a right tributary of the river Po. Its source is at the Alpe di Succiso, in the northern Apennines (Tuscan-Emilian Apennines), at 1,406 metres (4,613 ft). The Enza is the current boundary of the provinces of Parma and Reggio Emilia.

After the source, at 1,157 metres (3,796 ft) above sea level, it forms the Paduli or Lagastrello artificial lake, and flows for 93 kilometres (58 mi) in the aforementioned provinces. In its course in the Pianura Padana it becomes wider and flows into the Po near Brescello.

In ancient times it was known by its Latin name Incia.

Province of Parma
The province of Parma (Italian: provincia di Parma) is a province in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. Its largest town and capital is the city of Parma.

It is made up of 47 comuni (sg.: comune). It has an area of 3,449 square kilometres (1,332 sq mi) and a total population of around 450,000.

The province is bordered by the province of Reggio Emilia to the east, the Piacenza to the west, Lombardy's provinces of Cremona and Mantua to the north and by Liguria's provinces of La Spezia and Genoa and Tuscany's Province of Massa-Carrara to the south.
Perry–Payne Building
The Perry–Payne Building is a historic commercial building in downtown Cleveland, Ohio, United States in the city's historic Warehouse District.  Designed by prominent architects for a leading politician, it gained national attention as an architectural masterpiece upon its completion.  Long home to the offices of manufacturing and transportation companies, it has been named a historic site.

Downtown Cleveland
Downtown Cleveland is the central business district of Cleveland, Ohio, United States. The economic and cultural center of the city and the Cleveland metropolitan area, it is Cleveland's oldest district, with its Public Square laid out by city founder General Moses Cleaveland in 1796.

Downtown Cleveland is bounded by Lake Erie to the north, the Cuyahoga Valley to the west, and Interstate 90 to the south and east. It encompasses several subdistricts, and its diverse architecture includes the Cleveland Mall, one of the most complete examples of City Beautiful design in the United States. Downtown's residential population has grown significantly since the 2000s and especially 2010s, registering the largest population growth, by percentage, of any Cleveland neighborhood over that time.
McGurrin
McGurrin is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bernard McGurrin (born 1933–2024), English rugby league footballer

Frank Edward McGurrin (1861–1933), American stenographer and inventor

Terry McGurrin (born 1968), Canadian voice actor, comedian, and writer

Frank Edward McGurrin
Frank Edward McGurrin (April 2, 1861 – August 17, 1933) invented touch typing in 1888. He was a court stenographer at Salt Lake City who taught typing classes. He taught himself to touch type without looking at the keys, before challenging and winning a competition.
Mannose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase (GDP)
In enzymology, a mannose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase (GDP) (EC 2.7.7.22) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

GDP + alpha-D-mannose 1-phosphate  phosphate + GDP-mannose

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are GDP and alpha-D-mannose 1-phosphate, whereas its two products are phosphate and GDP-mannose.

This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring phosphorus-containing nucleotide groups (nucleotidyltransferases).  The systematic name of this enzyme class is GDP:alpha-D-mannose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase. This enzyme participates in fructose and mannose metabolism.

Mannose
Mannose is a sugar with the formula HOCH2(CHOH)4CHO, which sometimes is abbreviated Man. It is one of the monomers of the aldohexose series of carbohydrates. It is a C-2 epimer of glucose. Mannose is important in human metabolism, especially in the glycosylation of certain proteins.  Several congenital disorders of glycosylation are associated with mutations in enzymes involved in mannose metabolism.

Mannose is not an essential nutrient; it can be produced in the human body from glucose, or converted into glucose. Mannose provides 2–5 kcal/g. It is partially excreted in the urine.
Qello
Qello Concerts  (also known as Qello, Stingray Qello) is an American-based entertainment company founded in 2010, in New York, by Brian Lisi, Bob Frank, and Richard Johnson. Qello is the parent company of digital streaming service Qello Concerts, and over-the-top content service provider Qello Media Solutions.  Qello Concerts is a digital streaming music service specializing in on-demand concert films and music documentaries. In 2016, Qello Concerts added live streaming events and original programming. It was acquired by Stingray Group in January 2018.

Amazon Fire
The Amazon Fire, formerly called the Kindle Fire, is a line of tablet computers developed by Amazon. Built with Quanta Computer, the Kindle Fire was originally released in November of 2011, featuring a color 7-inch multi-touch display with IPS technology and running on Fire OS, an Android-based operating system. The Kindle Fire HD followed in September 2012, and the Kindle Fire HDX in September 2013. In September 2014, when the fourth generation was introduced, the name "Kindle" was dropped. In later generations, the Fire tablet is also able to convert into a Smart speaker turning on the "Show Mode" options, which the primary interaction will be by voice command through Alexa.
Rule of Wolves
Rule of Wolves is a fantasy novel written by American author Leigh Bardugo, published by Imprint in 2021. It is the seventh overall novel in Bardugo's Grishaverse and the final novel in the King of Scars duology. The story takes place several weeks after the end of King of Scars and follows the third-person perspectives of Nikolai Lantsov, Zoya Nazyalensky, Nina Zenik, Mayu Kir-Kaat, and the Darkling (referred to as 'The Monk').

Fantasy literature
Fantasy literature is literature set in an imaginary universe, often but not always without any locations, events, or people from the real world. Magic, the supernatural and magical creatures are common in many of these imaginary worlds. Fantasy literature may be directed at both children and adults.

Fantasy is considered a genre of speculative fiction and is distinguished from the genres of science fiction and horror by the absence of scientific or macabre themes, respectively, though these may overlap. Historically, most works of fantasy were in written form, but since the 1960s, a growing segment of the genre has taken the form of fantasy films, fantasy television programs, graphic novels, video games, music and art.

Many fantasy novels originally written for children and adolescents also attract an adult audience. Examples include Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, the Harry Potter series, The Chronicles of Narnia, and The Hobbit.
Ambrose Shea
Sir Ambrose Shea KCMG (17 September 1815 – 30 July 1905) was a political and business figure in colonial Newfoundland who later served as Governor of the Bahamas. He was one of two Newfoundland delegates to the Quebec Conference that led to Canadian Confederation.

Placentia, Newfoundland and Labrador
Placentia is a town located in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. It consists of the amalgamated communities of Placentia ("Townside"), Southeast Placentia, Freshwater, Dunville and Jerseyside and also includes the Argentia Industrial Park.
Tanshinone
Tanshinones are a class of chemical compounds.  Examples include dihydrotanshinone, tanshinone I, or tanshinone IIA. These compounds are all naturally occurring and can all be isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza.

Dihydrotanshinone I has been reported to have cytotoxicity to a variety of tumor cells.

Tanshinone I is anti-inflammatory, and modulates or prevents breast cancer metastasis by regulating adhesion molecules.

Tanshinone IIA is anti-inflammatory, an antioxidant, and cytotoxic against a variety of cell lines.

Antioxidant
Antioxidants are compounds that inhibit oxidation, a chemical reaction that can produce free radicals. Autoxidation leads to degradation of organic compounds, including living matter. Antioxidants are frequently added to industrial products, such as polymers, fuels, and lubricants, to extend their usable lifetimes. Foods are also treated with antioxidants to prevent spoilage, in particular the rancidification of oils and fats. In cells, antioxidants such as glutathione, mycothiol, or bacillithiol, and enzyme systems like superoxide dismutase, inhibit damage from oxidative stress.

Dietary antioxidants are vitamins A, C, and E, but the term has also been applied to various compounds that exhibit antioxidant properties in vitro, having little evidence for antioxidant properties in vivo. Dietary supplements marketed as antioxidants have not been shown to maintain health or prevent disease in humans.
2008 Black-Eyed Susan Stakes
The 2008 Black-Eyed Susan Stakes was the 84th running of the Black-Eyed Susan Stakes. The race took place in Baltimore, Maryland on May 16, 2008, and was televised in the United States on the Bravo TV network owned by NBC. Ridden by jockey Channing Hill, Sweet Vendetta, won the race by one and one half lengths over runner-up Shes All Eltish. Approximate post time on the evening before the Preakness Stakes was 5:50 p.m. Eastern Time and the race was run for a purse of $150,000. The race was run over a fast track in a final time of 1:49.60. The Maryland Jockey Club reported total attendance of 18,407.

Bravo (American TV network)
Bravo is an American basic cable television network, launched on December 8, 1980. It is owned by the NBCUniversal Media Group division of Comcast's NBCUniversal. The channel originally focused on programming related to fine arts and film. Since the 2000s, it has focused heavily on reality series targeted at 25-54 year-old women and the LGBTQ community at large. Its former sister channels are Nickelodeon and IFC, which are currently owned by Paramount Skydance Corporation and AMC Networks, respectively. As of November 2023, Bravo is available to approximately 70 million pay television households in the United States, down from its 2013 peak of 95 million households.
1994 Wimbledon Championships
The 1994 Wimbledon Championships was a tennis tournament played on grass courts at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club in Wimbledon, London in the United Kingdom. It was the 108th edition of the Wimbledon Championships and were held from 20 June to 3 July 1994.

Mark Philippoussis
Mark Anthony Philippoussis (born 7 November 1976) is an Australian tennis  coach, commentator and former professional tennis player of Greek and Italian descent. Philippoussis' greatest achievements are winning two Davis Cup titles with Australia in 1999 and 2003, winning the deciding rubber in the final of each. He also reached the final of the 1998 US Open and the 2003 Wimbledon singles tournaments. Philippoussis reached a career-high singles ranking of world No. 8.

Philippoussis has had a minor career in modelling and starred in the American reality television dating show Age of Love. He is nicknamed 'the Scud', after the Scud missile. He is also known in Australia as “The Pou”.
Scarnafigi
Scarnafigi is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 45 kilometres (28 mi) south of Turin and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) north of Cuneo.

Scarnafigi borders the following municipalities: Lagnasco, Monasterolo di Savigliano, Ruffia, Saluzzo, Savigliano, Torre San Giorgio, and Villanova Solaro.

Saluzzo
Saluzzo (Italian: [saˈluttso]; Piedmontese: Salusse [saˈlyse]) is a town and former principality in the province of Cuneo, in the Piedmont region, Italy.

The city of Saluzzo is built on a hill overlooking a vast, well-cultivated plain. Iron, lead, silver, marble, slate etc. are found in the surrounding mountains. On 1 January 2017 it had a population of 17.581

Saluzzo was the birthplace of the writer Silvio Pellico and of typographer Giambattista Bodoni.
Brookville Presbyterian Church and Manse
Brookville Presbyterian Church and Manse is a historic Presbyterian church located at White and Main Streets in Brookville, Jefferson County, Pennsylvania, United States. The church was built in 1904–1905, and is a Richardsonian Romanesque-style building built of Hummelstown brownstone.  It features two entrances, each set in a loggia, and a square bell tower.  The interior is designed in the Akron plan. The manse was built in 1890, and is a brick Second Empire-style dwelling.  It features two, 2-story bay windows; a mansard roof; and an open porch.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.  It is located in the Brookville Historic District.

Second Empire style
Second Empire style, also known as the Napoleon III style or Haussmann style, is a highly eclectic style of architecture and decorative arts originating in the Second French Empire. It was characterized by elements of many different historical styles, and also made innovative use of modern materials, such as iron frameworks and glass skylights. It flourished during the reign of Emperor Napoleon III (1852–1870) and had an important influence on architecture and decoration in the rest of Europe and North America. Major examples of the style include the Opéra Garnier (1862–1871) in Paris by Charles Garnier, the Institut National d'Histoire de l'Art, the Church of Saint Augustine (1860–1871), and the Philadelphia City Hall (1871–1901). The architectural style was closely connected with Haussmann's renovation of Paris carried out during the Second Empire; the new buildings, such as the Opéra, were intended as the focal points of the new boulevards.
William Pickett (cricketer)
William Pickett (1805 – 7 December 1849) was an English cricketer.  Pickett's batting style is unknown.  He was born at Streatham, Surrey.

Pickett made his first-class debut for Sussex against Kent in 1828.  He made sixteen further first-class appearances for Sussex, the last of which came against England in 1838.  In his total of seventeen first-class matches, Pickett was not noted for his success with the bat, scoring just 132 runs at an average of 4.62, with a high score of 31.

He died at Brighton, Sussex on 7 December 1849.

Sussex county cricket team (pre-1839)
Until 1838, the Sussex county cricket team, always known as Sussex, was organised by individual patrons and other groups, particularly by Charles Lennox, 2nd Duke of Richmond, in the first half of the 18th century, and by Brighton Cricket Club in the second half. The team played important matches from the early 18th century until the formation of Sussex County Cricket Club on 1 March 1839.
Cleceova
The Cleceova is a left tributary of the river Crișul Alb in Romania. It flows into the Crișul Alb near Buteni. Its length is 13 km (8.1 mi) and its basin size is 21 km2 (8.1 sq mi). Most of its flow is diverted into the Canalul Morilor, which flows parallel to the south of the Crișul Alb.

Canalul Morilor
The Canalul Morilor is a canal in the lowland area south of the river Crișul Alb in Arad County, western Romania. Constructed in the 19th century for water-mills, it is now used for irrigation. It takes water from the Crișul Alb near Berindia, flows more or less parallel to the Crișul Alb towards the west and discharges into the Crișul Alb in Vărșand. It is 92 km (57 mi) long. It passes through the communes Buteni, Bârsa, Bocsig, Ineu, Seleuș, Zărand, Olari, Chișineu-Criș, Socodor and Pilu. It intercepts several former left tributaries of the Crișul Alb, including Chișer, Rât and Budieru.
Cynthia Niako
Evelyne-Cynthia Niako (born 25 September 1983) is a Côte d'Ivoire sprinter who specializes in the 100 and 200 metres.

She finished seventh in the 200 metres at the 2006 African Championships, and won a bronze medal in the 4 x 100 metres relay at the 2007 All-Africa Games.

Athletics at the 2007 All-Africa Games
The athletics competition at the 2007 All-Africa Games was held on the Stade 5 Juillet 1962 in Algiers, Algeria between 18 July and 22 July 2007. Nigeria was the most successful nation of the competition having won nine golds and 24 medals in total. South Africa was a close second with seven golds and also a total of 24 medals overall. Tunisia and Botswana were the next most successful (both with five golds), although Ethiopia and Kenya had greater medal hauls.
Vidzeme
Vidzeme (pronounced [ˈvid̪͡z̪eme]; Old Latvian orthography: Widda-semme, Livonian: Vidūmō) is one of the Historical Latvian Lands. The capital of Latvia, Riga, is situated in the southwestern part of the region. Literally meaning "the Middle Land", Vidzeme is situated in north-central Latvia north of the Daugava River. Sometimes in German, it was also known as Livland, the German form from Latin Livonia, though it comprises only a small part of Medieval Livonia and about half (the Latvian part) of Swedish Livonia. Most of the region's inhabitants are Latvians (85%), thus Vidzeme is the most ethnically Latvian region in the country.

The historic Governorate of Livonia is also larger than Vidzeme, since it corresponds roughly to Swedish Livonia.

Latvian orthography
The modern Latvian orthography is based on Latin script adapted to phonetic principles, following the pronunciation of the language. The standard alphabet consists of 33 letters – 22 unmodified Latin letters and 11 modified by diacritics. It was developed by the Knowledge Commission of the Riga Latvian Association in 1908, and was approved the same year by the orthography commission under the leadership of Kārlis Mīlenbahs and Jānis Endzelīns. It was introduced by law from 1920 to 1922 in the Republic of Latvia.

Latvian orthography historically used a system based upon German phonetic principles, while the Latgalian dialect was written using Polish orthographic principles.
Communal reinforcement
Communal reinforcement is a social phenomenon in which a concept or idea is repeatedly asserted in a community, regardless of whether sufficient empirical evidence has been presented to support it. Over time, the concept or idea is reinforced to become a strong belief in many people's minds, and may be regarded by the members of the community as fact. Often, the concept or idea may be further reinforced by publications in the mass media, books, or other means of communication.  The phrase "millions of people can't all be wrong" is indicative of the common tendency to accept a communally reinforced idea without question, which often aids in the widespread acceptance of factoids. A very similar term to this term is community-reinforcement, which is a behavioral method to stop drug addiction.

Behavior
Behavior (American English) or behaviour (British English) is the range of actions of organisms, individuals, systems or artificial entities in some environment. These systems can include other systems or organisms as well as the inanimate physical environment. It is the computed response of the system or organism to various stimuli or inputs, whether internal or external, conscious or subconscious, overt or covert, and voluntary or involuntary. While some behavior is produced in response to an organism's environment (extrinsic motivation), behavior can also be the product of intrinsic motivation, also referred to as "agency" or "free will".

Taking a behavior informatics perspective, a behavior consists of actor, operation, interactions, and their properties. This can be represented as a behavior vector.
Antony Stretton
Antony "Tony" Oliver Ward Stretton is a neuroscientist, faculty member of the Neuroscience Training Program, and the John Bascom Professor of Zoology at the University of Wisconsin–Madison.  He is married to fellow scientist, Philippa Claude, daughter of Albert Claude.

Stretton worked with Vernon M. Ingram first in the United Kingdom at the Cavendish Laboratory of the University of Cambridge then in the United States at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology as well as with Edward A. Kravitz at the Medical School of Harvard University.  He has also done research at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, Massachusetts.

Cavendish Laboratory
The Cavendish Laboratory is the Department of Physics at the University of Cambridge, and is part of the School of Physical Sciences. The laboratory was opened in 1874 on the New Museums Site as a laboratory for experimental physics and is named after the British chemist and physicist Henry Cavendish. The laboratory has had a huge influence on research in the disciplines of physics and biology.

The laboratory moved to a new site in West Cambridge in 1974.  In 2025 it moved again to the Ray Dolby Centre, still in West Cambridge.

As of 2019, 30 Cavendish researchers have won Nobel Prizes. Notable discoveries to have occurred at the Cavendish Laboratory include the discovery of the electron, neutron, and structure of DNA.
Csikós
The csikós (Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈt͡ʃikoːʃ], singular) is a horse-mounted herdsman of Hungary. The csikós tradition is closely associated with the Hungarian puszta, the temperate grasslands of the Great Hungarian Plain, which encompasses the largest stretches of the greater Pannonian Basin. In recent times, csikós have been particularly tied to the environs of Debrecen and Hortobágy National Park, the latter deploying csikós to watch over and maintain large herds of free-ranging native Hungarian ungulate breeds, including cattle, horses and sheep. The csikós tradition is also tied to the Nonius, a breed of horse with an epicentre of breeding in the Máta Stud, located some 3 kilometres from Hortobágy.

Great Hungarian Plain
The Great Hungarian Plain (also known as Alföld or Great Alföld, Hungarian: Alföld [ˈɒlføld] or Nagy Alföld) is a plain occupying the majority of the modern territory of Hungary. It is the largest part of the wider Pannonian Plain (however, the Great Hungarian Plain was not part of the ancient Roman province Pannonia). Its territory significantly shrank due to its eastern and southern boundaries being adjusted by the new political borders created after World War I when the Treaty of Trianon was signed in 1920.
Pioneer Range
The Pioneer Range is a small subdivision range of the Misinchinka Ranges of the Hart Ranges of the Northern Rockies in British Columbia, Canada.  The boundaries of the Pioneer Range are generally the Murray River to the east, Monkman Glacier to the west, Imperial Creek to the north and the Limestone Lakes to the south.  The majority of the Pioneer Range lies within Monkman Provincial Park.

The range is collectively named after individuals who participated in the pre-World War II efforts to construct a road through the area from Beaverlodge, Alberta to the Fraser River.

Fraser River
The Fraser River (/ˈfreɪzər/) is the longest river within British Columbia, Canada, rising at Fraser Pass near Blackrock Mountain in the Rocky Mountains and flowing for 1,375 kilometres (854 mi), into the Strait of Georgia just south of the City of Vancouver. The river's annual discharge at its mouth is 112 cubic kilometres (27 mi3) or 3,550 cubic metres per second (125,000 cu ft/s), and each year, it discharges about 20 million tons of sediment into the ocean.
Richard G. Mitchell
Richard G Mitchell is an English composer of music primarily for movies and television.

Mitchell was born in Manchester, England and brought up in Preston, Lancashire.  He attended Hutton Grammar School and later St Martins School of Art in the late 1970s where he graduated with a BA (Hons) in Fine Art. Was awarded an Ivor Novello Award and is best known for scoring the movies: To Kill a King, Grand Theft Parsons, A Good Woman and the 1996 BBC period TV series The Tenant of Wildfell Hall.

Saint Martin's School of Art
Saint Martin's School of Art was an art college in London, England. It offered foundation and degree level courses. It was established in 1854, initially under the aegis of the church of St Martin-in-the-Fields. Saint Martin's became part of the London Institute in 1986, and in 1989 merged with the Central School of Art and Design to form Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design.