hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hydropunctaria maura
Hydropunctaria maura, still often called by the older name Verrucaria maura and commonly known as tar lichen, is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen belonging to the family Verrucariaceae. A perennial species that does not experience seasonal variations, it is the type species of the genus Hydropunctaria. The medulla is a black basal layer that forms columns (Latin: punctae) to the upper surface and isolates the algae into pockets near the upper surface. The black band formed by H. maura can often be seen at a distance as a marker of the high water point.

Medulla (lichenology)
The medulla is a horizontal layer within a lichen thallus.  It is a loosely arranged layer of interlaced hyphae below the upper cortex and photobiont zone, but above the lower cortex. The medulla generally has a cottony appearance.  It is the widest layer of a heteromerous lichen thallus.
Quebec Autoroute 740
Autoroute 740 is a Quebec Autoroute in metropolitan Quebec City, Canada. A spur route of Autoroute 40, the A-740 runs for 7.3 km (4.5 mi) on a north-south axis (parallel to the St. Lawrence River) through the boroughs of Sainte-Foy–Sillery–Cap-Rouge and Les Rivières, with interchanges at the A-440 at exit 4 and the A-40 at exit 9.

Originally named the Autoroute du Vallon for the 17th century road it replaced, in 2006, the Quebec government under then-Premier Jean Charest renamed the highway Autoroute Robert-Bourassa, in honour of a long serving former Quebec Premier.

Premier (Canada)
In Canada, a premier (/ˈpriːmjər/ ⓘ PREEM-yər) is the head of government of a province or territory. Though the word is merely a synonym for prime minister, it is employed for provincial prime ministers to differentiate them from the prime minister of Canada. There are ten provincial premiers and three territorial premiers. In most provinces and all territories, these persons are styled the Honourable only while in office, unless they are admitted to the King's Privy Council for Canada, in which case they retain the title even after leaving the premiership. In Nova Scotia, Saskatchewan, Alberta and Ontario, former premiers are honorary members of the provincial Executive Council and thereby retain the style the Honourable for life.

The prime minister–premier distinction does not exist in French, with both federal and provincial first ministers being styled premier ministre (masculine) or première ministre (feminine).
Michael Kumbirai
Michael Masimba Tingini Kumbirai (born (1996-05-09)9 May 1996) is a South African rugby union player for the Stormers in Super Rugby and Western Province in the Currie Cup and the Rugby Challenge. His regular position is tighthead prop.

Currie Cup
The Currie Cup (Afrikaans: Curriebeker) is South Africa's premier domestic rugby union competition featuring teams representing either entire provinces or substantial regions within provinces. The Currie Cup dates back to 1891.
33rd Flying Training Wing (World War II)
The 33d Flying Training Wing is an inactive United States Army Air Forces unit.  It was last assigned to the Central Flying Training Command, and was disbanded on 13 October 1946 at Randolph Field, Texas.

There is no lineage link between the United States Air Force 33d Fighter Wing, established on 15 October 1947 at Roswell Army Airfield, New Mexico, and this organization.

Flying Division, Air Training Command
The Flying Division, Air Training Command, was a training formation of the United States Air Force. The unit was established in 1926 as the Air Corps Training Center to be the primary pilot training center for the Air Corps. It was reorganized into one of three training commands created by the Office of the Chief of the Air Corps in 1940 to accommodate the large number of air cadets being recruited as a result of the expansion of the corps after the fall of France. During World War II, thousands of cadets attended various flight schools throughout the Central United States being trained as pilots for fighters, bombers and transports. It also trained the navigators, bombardiers and gunners necessary for the bombers to attack enemy targets in the combat areas overseas. After World War II, it became the primary pilot and aircrew training unit of the United States Air Force Air Training Command.
Wheeler Crest
The Wheeler Crest or Wheeler Ridge is a ridge in Mono and Inyo Counties, California. The crest is 8 miles (13 km) long, and partially lies in the John Muir Wilderness. The ridge is bound on the west by Rock Creek, on the north by the community of Toms Place, on the east by Round Valley, on the southeast by Gable Creek, and on the southwest by Morgan Creek.

John Muir Wilderness
The John Muir Wilderness is a wilderness area that extends along the crest of the Sierra Nevada of California for 90 miles (140 km), in the Inyo and Sierra National Forests.  Established in 1964 by the Wilderness Act and named for naturalist John Muir, it encompasses 652,793 acres (2,641.76 km2). The wilderness lies along the eastern escarpment of the Sierra from near Mammoth Lakes and Devils Postpile National Monument in the north, to Cottonwood Pass near Mount Whitney in the south. The wilderness area also spans the Sierra crest north of Kings Canyon National Park, and extends on the west side of the park down to the Monarch Wilderness.
Valdur
Valdur is an Estonian masculine given name. Valdur's name day is April 18th.

As of 1 January 2024, 499 men in Estonia have the first name Valdur, making it the 287th most popular male name in the country. The name is most commonly found in Valga County, where 8.34 per 10,000 men bear the name. Notable people bearing the name include:

Valdur Helm (born 1938), conductor, pedagogue and music teacher

Valdur Himbek (1925–1991), film director and actor

Valdur Lahtvee (born 1958), politician

Valdur Mikita (born 1970), writer and semiotician

Valdur Ohakas (1925–1998), Estonian painter

Valdur Ohmann (born 1958), historian and archivist

Valdur Paakspuu (1934–1991), ornithologist and nature conservationist

Valga County
Valga County (Estonian: Valga maakond or Valgamaa) is a first-level administrative unit and one of 15 counties of Estonia. It comprises the former area of the Valga District. The present-day county was created on 1 January 1990. The capital and largest town of Valga County is Valga, followed by Tõrva and Otepää. It is located in the southern part of the country and borders Põlva and Võru counties to the east, Latvia to the south and west, and Viljandi and Tartu County to the north. 27,650 people live in Valga County as of 2022.
Vladimirsky Municipal Okrug
Vladimirsky Municipal Okrug (Russian: Влади́мирский муниципа́льный о́круг) is a municipal okrug in Tsentralny District, one of the eighty-one low-level municipal divisions  of the federal city of St. Petersburg, Russia. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 59,065, up from 57,213 recorded during the 2002 Census.

Federal cities of Russia
In the Russian Federation, a city of federal importance (Russian: город федерального значения, romanized: gorod federalnogo znacheniya), also known as a federal city, is a city that has a status of both an inhabited locality and a constituent federal subject. Russia has three federal cities: Moscow, Saint Petersburg, and Sevastopol, which was annexed in 2014 but remains internationally recognised as part of Ukraine.

Moscow and Saint Petersburg are the largest cities in the country: Moscow is the national capital and Saint Petersburg is a former Russian capital and an important port city by the Baltic Sea. Currently, Sevastopol houses the Sevastopol Naval Base, the main port of the Russian Black Sea Fleet.
Band of the Royal Air Force College
The Band of the Royal Air Force College is based at RAF Cranwell and is one of three established bands in the Royal Air Force.  It is the music ensemble of the Royal Air Force College Cranwell.

Formed in 1920 and based at RAF Cranwell, the Band of the Royal Air Force College is now one of three established Bands in the RAF. Originally formed to support the Royal Air Force College, the band is now administered by RAF Music Services. In addition to its duties at Cranwell, the Band takes part in major events such as the Changing of the Guard at Buckingham Palace and the Edinburgh Tattoo as well as a busy schedule of services and charity engagements.

Royal Air Force Swing Wing is the big band of The Band of the RAF College.

Guard mounting
Guard mounting, changing the guard, or the changing of the guard, is a formal ceremony in which sentries performing ceremonial guard duties at important institutions are relieved by a new batch of sentries. The ceremonies are often elaborate and precisely choreographed. They originated with peacetime and battlefield military drills introduced to enhance unit cohesion and effectiveness in the late 17th and early 18th centuries.
Quaterpyridine
Quaterpyridine refers to a family of pyridine derivatives with the formula (NC5H4-C5H3N)2.  These compounds can also be viewed as bipyridine decorated with two pyridyl substituents.  Several isomers are known.  All are colorless solids.  One particular isomer, 2,2':6',2'':6'',2'''-quaterpyridine, a derivative of 2,2'-bipyridine has attracted interest because it is a potential tetradentate ligand in coordination chemistry.

Coordination complex
A coordination complex is a chemical compound consisting of a central atom or ion, which is usually metallic and is called the coordination centre, and a surrounding array of bound molecules or ions, that are in turn known as ligands or complexing agents.  Many metal-containing compounds, especially those that include transition metals (elements like titanium that belong to the periodic table's d-block), are coordination complexes.
2008 Bahrain GP2 Asia Series round
The 2008 Bahrain GP2 Asia Series round was a GP2 Asia Series motor race held on 5 and 6 April 2008 at Bahrain International Circuit in Sakhir, Bahrain. It was the fourth round of the 2008 GP2 Asia Series. The race supported the 2008 Bahrain Grand Prix.

Bahrain International Circuit
The Bahrain International Circuit (Arabic: حلبة البحرين الدولية, romanized: Ḥalba al-Baḥrayn ad-Dawliyya) is a 5.412 km (3.363 mi) motorsport venue opened in 2004 and used for drag racing, GP2 Series (now FIA Formula 2), and the annual  Formula One Bahrain Grand Prix. The 2004 Grand Prix was the first  Formula One race held in the Middle East. Beginning in 2006, Australian V8 Supercars raced at the BIC, with the event known as the Desert 400. However, the V8 Supercars did not return for the 2011 V8 Supercar season. 24 Hour endurance races are also hosted at BIC. The circuit has a FIA Grade 1 license. The circuit also has multiple layouts.
Stewart Easton
Stewart Easton (born 10 October 1981) is a Scottish former football midfielder who is the assistant manager at Thorniewood United.

He last played for Gartcairn Juniors in the Scottish Junior Football Association, West Region. He has previously in the Scottish Football League  with Airdrie, Greenock Morton, Albion Rovers, Stenhousemuir, where he was club captain, and Elgin City.

After moving into the Junior game, Easton was part of the Bathgate Thistle side which won the Scottish Junior Cup in 2008. He is the younger brother of former Dundee United player Craig Easton.

He became assistant manager of Gartcairn in 2015.

Easton moved to become assistant at Thorniewood United, working under new manager Gerry Bonham, in February 2017.

Bathgate Thistle F.C.
Bathgate Thistle Football Club are a Scottish football club, based in the town of Bathgate, West Lothian. They play in the East of Scotland League First Division.

Nicknamed Thistle, they were formed in 1937 and presently play their home games at Creamery Park, which has room for 3,000 spectators. Their home shirts are royal blue with navy sleeves and shorts and socks royal blue. Away kit is all navy.

In 2006, Thistle reached the final of the Scottish Junior Cup, losing 2–1 to Auchinleck Talbot at Rugby Park, Kilmarnock, in front of around 7,000 spectators. In 2008, the club reached the final again, this time defeating Cumnock Juniors 2–1.

The Senior side is managed by Gordon Wilson. The U20's are Bathgate Juniors led by Kevin McDonald and started in 22/23 and play in the Scottish Lowland Development League.
There are also various youth teams within the Bathgate Juniors set up and the Club provides the only full pathway to senior football in Bathgate.
Brundall railway station
Brundall railway station is on the Wherry Lines in the east of England, serving the village of Brundall, Norfolk. It is 5 miles 60 chains (9.3 km) down the line from Norwich on the route to Great Yarmouth and Lowestoft. Its three-letter station code is BDA.

The station was opened in 1844. Today it is managed by Greater Anglia.

Greater Anglia
GA Trains Limited, trading as Greater Anglia, is a British state-owned train operating company that provides commuter and inter-city services from its Central London terminus at Liverpool Street station to Essex, Suffolk, Norfolk and parts of Hertfordshire and Cambridgeshire, as well as many regional services throughout the East of England.

It took over the services of the operator of the same name from Transport UK Group and Mitsui & Co on 12 October 2025.
Arles station
Arles station (French: Gare d'Arles; Occitan: Estacion d'Arle) is a railway station serving the city of Arles, Bouches-du-Rhône, southeastern France. The station was opened in 1848 and is located on the Paris–Marseille railway. The train services are operated by SNCF.

Bouches-du-Rhône
Bouches-du-Rhône (/ˌbuːʃ djuː ˈroʊn/ BOOSH dew ROHN; French: les Bouches-du-Rhône [le buʃ dy ʁon] ⓘ, locally [le ˈbuʃə dy ˈʁɔnə]; Occitan: lei Bocas de Ròse [lej ˈbukɔz de ˈʀɔze]; "the Mouths of the Rhône") is a department in southern France. It borders Vaucluse to the north, Gard to the west and Var to the east. The Mediterranean Sea lies to the south. Its prefecture and largest city is Marseille; other important cities include Aix-en-Provence, Arles, Martigues and Aubagne.

Marseille, France's second-largest city, has one of the largest container ports in the country. It prides itself on being France's oldest city, founded by Greek settlers from Phocaea around 600 BC. Bouches-du-Rhône is the most populous department of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region, with 2,043,110 inhabitants as of 2019. It has an area of 5,087 km2 (1,964 sq mi). Its INSEE and postal code is 13.
Sharyland High School
Sharyland High School is a high school in Mission, Texas, United States. The school, which is classified as "5A" by the UIL, is a part of the Sharyland Independent School District.

The school primarily serves Sharyland, an unincorporated rural area known for its agricultural and citrus industry. The school also serves portions of the cities of Alton,  McAllen, Mission, Edinburg, and Palmhurst.

Edinburg, Texas
Edinburg (/ˈɛdɪnbɜːrɡ/ ED-in-burg) is a city in and the county seat of Hidalgo County, Texas, United States. The population was 100,243 at the 2020 census, and in 2022, its estimated population was 104,294, making it the second-largest city in Hidalgo County, and the third-largest city in the larger Rio Grande Valley region.

Edinburg is part of the McAllen–Edinburg–Mission and Reynosa–McAllen metropolitan areas. Edinburg is home to the main campus of University of Texas Rio Grande Valley.
Moesziomyces antarcticus
Moesziomyces antarcticus is a species of fungus in the order Ustilaginales. The species occurs as a yeast and it was first isolated from Antarctic lake sediment in 1969. As a pathogen, it is a rare cause of human fungaemia infections.

The yeast is a source of important industrial enzymes:

Immobilized Moesziomyces antarcticus lipase can be used to catalyze the regioselective acylation of flavonoids  or direct acylation with phenolic acids.

Moesziomyces antarcticus contains a lipase enzyme (Candida antarctica) that is able to cleave ester bonds in PET plastic.

Acylation
In chemistry, acylation is a broad class of chemical reactions in which an acyl group (R−C=O) is added to a substrate. The compound providing the acyl group is called the acylating agent.  The substrate to be acylated and the product include the following:

alcohols, esters

amines, amides

arenes or alkenes, ketones

A particularly common type of acylation is acetylation, the addition of the acetyl group. Closely related to acylation is formylation, which employ sources of "HCO+ in place of "RCO+".
Ekspress-A4
Ekspress-A4 (Russian: Экспресс-A4 meaning Express-A4), is a Russian communications satellite which is operated by Russian Satellite Communications Company (RSCC). It was constructed by NPO PM and Alcatel Space and is based on the MSS-2500-GSO satellite bus.

Russian Satellite Communications Company
Federal State Unitary Enterprise Satellite Communications (Russian: ФГУП «Космическая связь») or Russian Satellite Communications Company is the main state operator of communications satellites. It is the Russian operator for the international satellite communications systems Intelsat, Eutelsat and Intersputnik, cooperating with these organizations and handling international account settlements.

As the national satellite operator, RSCC meets the important state tasks on providing mobile presidential and governmental communications, federal TV and Radio signal transmission over the territory of Russia and the most countries of the world.
CNN Pipeline
CNN Pipeline was an English language video news service providing both live and on-demand video to subscribers' computers via broadband Internet connections. It was part of the CNN group of news services. The service was subscription-based, and did not contain advertising like other CNN stations. The bandwidth, storage and streaming servers was provided by AOL, which is also owned by Time Warner. Each of the feeds broadcast in the 16:9 aspect ratio, however the resolution of the broadcast prohibited it from being considered a high definition channel, and in many cases not even SDTV.

Pixel aspect ratio
A pixel aspect ratio (PAR) is a mathematical ratio that describes how the width of a pixel in a digital image compares to the height of that pixel.

Most digital imaging systems display an image as a grid of tiny, square pixels. However, some imaging systems, especially those that must be compatible with standard-definition television motion pictures, display an image as a grid of rectangular pixels, in which the pixel width and height are different. Pixel aspect ratio describes this difference.

Use of pixel aspect ratio mostly involves pictures pertaining to standard-definition television and some other exceptional cases. Most other imaging systems, including those that comply with SMPTE standards and practices, use square pixels.

PAR is also known as sample aspect ratio and abbreviated SAR, though it can be confused with storage aspect ratio.
Amar Shaheed Bandhu Singh
Amar Shaheed Bandhu Singh Shrinet was a prominent freedom fighter in eastern Uttar Pradesh who fought against the British Raj using Guerilla Warfare.

Bandhu Singh Ji was born on 1 May 1833 in a Shrinet Rajput Principality to Babu Shiv Prasad Singh of Dumari Riyasat. He was a devotee of Tarkulaha Devi. He was finally arrested by the British along with Shivgobind Chand of Chillupar, Gorakhpur. He was hanged publicly at Ali Nagar Chauraha in Gorakhpur on 12 August 1858. There is a month-long Mela (funfair) every year starting from Chaitra Ramnavami at the Tarkulaha Devi Temple. People from far-flung locations visit to shop for their annual requirements of garam masala and to enjoy the traditional ‘Nautanki’ (drama), Nag Kanya shows and small circuses.

Nautanki
Nautanki is one of the most popular folk performance forms of South Asia, particularly in northern India. Before the advent of Bollywood (the Hindi film industry), Nautanki was the biggest entertainment medium in the villages and towns of northern India. Nautanki's rich musical compositions and humorous, entertaining storylines hold a strong influence over rural people's imagination. Even after the spread of mass media (such as television, DVDs, and online streaming), a crowd of 10,000 to 15,000 can be seen at the top Nautanki performances. Nautanki's origins lie in the Saangit, Bhagat, and Swang musical theatre traditions of Northern India. One Saangit called Saangit Rani Nautanki Ka became so popular that the whole genre's name became Nautanki. Nautanki is most famous in the states of Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Haryana, and Bihar.
Taras Bulba (2009 film)
Taras Bulba (Russian: and Ukrainian: «Тарас Бульба») is a historical drama film, based on the novel Taras Bulba by Nikolai Gogol. The movie was filmed on different locations in Ukraine such as Zaporizhia, Khotyn and Kamianets-Podilsky as well as in Poland. The official release was rescheduled several times; at first for the spring of 2008 but was finally released on April 2, 2009, to coincide with Gogol's bicentennial.  The author's edition of 1842, expanded and rewritten, and considered more pro-Russian, was used for the film (this also being the text that is familiar to most readers).

The film DVD was released in the United States under the alternate title The Conqueror in 2010, and in the UK in 2011 as Iron & Blood: The Legend of Taras Bulba.

Zaporizhzhia
Zaporizhzhia, formerly known as Aleksandrovsk or Oleksandrivsk until 1921, is a city in southeast Ukraine, situated on the banks of the Dnieper River. It is the administrative centre of Zaporizhzhia Oblast. Zaporizhzhia has a population of 710,052 (2022 estimate).

Zaporizhzhia is known for the historic island of Khortytsia, multiple power stations and for being an important industrial centre. Steel, aluminium, aircraft engines, automobiles, transformers for substations, and other heavy industrial goods are produced in the region.
Patrick Lucas
Patrick Lucas  (born March 11, 1967) is an American politician serving as a member of the West Virginia House of Delegates from the 24th district. Elected on November 8, 2022, he assumed office on December 1, 2022.

West Virginia House of Delegates
The West Virginia House of Delegates is the lower house of the West Virginia Legislature in West Virginia. Only three states—Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia—refer to their lower house as the House of Delegates.
Henri Konow
Henri Konow (7 February 1862 – 18 January 1939) was a Danish naval officer, vice-admiral, and the last governor of the Danish West Indies, overseeing the transfer of administration to the United States of America following the Treaty of the Danish West Indies in 1916 under which the Kingdom of Denmark sold the islands now named the US Virgin Islands to the United States in exchange for US$25,000,000 in gold.

Treaty of the Danish West Indies
The Treaty of the Danish West Indies (Danish: Vestindiens traktat), officially the Convention between the United States and Denmark for cession of the Danish West Indies (Danish: Konventionen mellem USA og Danmark), was a 1916 treaty transferring sovereignty of the Danish West Indies from Denmark to the United States in exchange for a sum of US$25,000,000 in gold ($722 million in 2024), and agreement to cede US interest in Greenland. It is one of the most recent permanent expansions of United States territory.