hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bie-modern
Bie-modern is a theory of social form and historical development elaborated by the Chinese philosopher and aesthetician Wang Jianjiang. Specifically, bie-modern theory is based on the difference between the western dynamical development model, which distinguishes three cut-period phases (namely pre-modern, modern and post-modern), and the coexistence model of pre-modern and post-modern in current China. The aim of bie-modern theory is to identify and further explore the specificity of China's cultural, artistic and aesthetic status, especially compared to the western scenario.
Bie-modern theory has produced an international discussion among scholars. Two research centres have been recently established, respectively the Chinese Bie-Modern Studies (CCBMS) at the Georgia Southwestern State University (2017) and the Bie-modern Research Centre at the University of Primorska (2019)

Formal sociology
Formal sociology is a scientific approach to sociology developed by Georg Simmel and Leopold von Wiese. In his studies, Simmel was more focused on forms of social interactions than content. Thus his approach to sociology was labeled formal sociology. In formal sociology, one formal concept can be applied to understand various events. In Simmel's view, one form of a social phenomenon is always associated with many formal events. Formal sociology aims to show that despite social interactions' complex processes, forms can be isolated and may even be identical.
2024 Women's World Matchplay
The 2024 Betfred Women's World Matchplay was the third edition of the tournament by the Professional Darts Corporation. The tournament featured the top eight players on the 2024 PDC Women's Series Order of Merit, competing in a knockout format, with the winner earning a place in the 2024 Grand Slam of Darts and the 2025 PDC World Darts Championship. The tournament was held at the Winter Gardens in Blackpool on 21 July 2024.

Beau Greaves was the defending champion, defeating Mikuru Suzuki 6–1 in the 2023 final.

Greaves won her second Women's World Matchplay title, beating Fallon Sherrock 6–3 in the final.

Mikuru Suzuki
Mikuru Suzuki (鈴木 未来, Suzuki Mikuru; born 5 February 1982) is a Japanese darts player who competes in both World Darts Federation (WDF) and Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) events and previously competed in British Darts Organisation (BDO) events. She is a two-time women's world champion, having won two consecutive BDO World Darts Championship titles.
Pompeu Fabra
Pompeu Fabra i Poch (Catalan pronunciation: [pumˈpɛw ˈfaβɾə]; 20 February 1868 – 25 December 1948) was a Catalan engineer, linguist, and grammarian. He was the main author of the normative reform of the contemporary Catalan language and is considered the father of modern Catalan grammar. The Pompeu Fabra University in Barcelona is named after him.

Fabra was known as the "wise organizer of the Catalan language" for his pioneering work establishing the modern norms of the language.

The Catalan writer Josep Pla wrote that "Fabra has been the most important Catalan of our time because he is the only citizen of this country, at this time, who, having set out to achieve a specific public and general goal, accomplished it in an explicit and indisputable way."

Josep Pla
Josep Pla i Casadevall (Catalan pronunciation: [ʒuˈzɛp ˈpla]; 8 March 1897 – 23 April 1981) was a Spanish journalist and a popular author. As a journalist he worked in France, Italy, Britain, Germany, and the Soviet Union, from where he wrote political and cultural chronicles in Catalan and Spanish.

He is somewhat controversial for present day Catalans. On the one hand, his prose is widely acknowledged as the finest standard of contemporary literature in Catalan, but on the other hand, his ties to Francoist Spain are often frowned upon, though nowadays this is usually disregarded.
Rheohyla
Rheohyla is a genus of frogs in the family Hylidae. As currently recognized, it is monotypic, containing only Rheohyla miotympanum, also known as the small-eared hyla or small-eared treefrog. However, the nominal species likely is a complex of more than one species. It is endemic to eastern and central Mexico. The generic name refers to streams, the breeding habitat of this frog (from Greek rheos meaning 'stream' combined with Hylas). The specific name is derived from Greek meion, a diminutive prefix, together with Greek tympanon (='drum') and refers to the small tympanum.

Hylidae
Hylidae is a wide-ranging family of frogs commonly referred to as "tree frogs and their allies". However, the hylids include a diversity of frog species, many of which do not live in trees, but are terrestrial or semiaquatic.
Stoney Creek Farm
Stoney Creek Farm is located in Boonsboro, Maryland. It is near the American Civil War battlefield Antietam, Washington Monument State Park, and the Appalachian Trail.

It was owned by the Schlosser family as early as April 6, 1841, when local deed records show it was transferred from Joel Schlosser to his wife and children. It is likely that the structure had been built shortly after 1835, when Joel was married to Catherine Doub, a member of the Doub (family).

The home was held by the Schlossers for almost 140 years, until March 30, 1973, when they sold it to Clarence B. Crane. Stoney Creek Farm stayed in the Crane family until July 24, 2000, when it was sold to Mark and Kimberly Schmidt. On October 31, 2004, it was sold to  Brandon Green, Joseph Farone, and David Kempton.

The trio restored it in 2005 and it is now a quiet bed and breakfast with four bedrooms and an event site hosting numerous weddings, private parties and corporate retreats throughout the year.

Wedding
A wedding is a ceremony in which two people are united in marriage. Wedding traditions and customs vary greatly between cultures, ethnicities, races, religions, denominations, countries, social classes, and sexual orientations. Most wedding ceremonies involve an exchange of marriage vows by a couple; a presentation of a gift (e.g., an offering, rings, a symbolic item, flowers, money, or a dress); and a public proclamation of marriage by an authority figure or celebrant. Special wedding garments are often worn, and the ceremony is sometimes followed by a wedding reception. Music, poetry, prayers, or readings from religious texts or literature are also commonly incorporated into the ceremony, as well as superstitious customs.
St. Joseph's Church (Seattle)
St. Joseph's Church is a Catholic church in the Capitol Hill neighborhood of Seattle, in the U.S. state of Washington. It is part of St. Joseph's Parish, within the Archdiocese of Seattle  and is a ministry of the West Province of the Society of Jesus (Jesuits). It has been designated a city landmark by the Seattle Landmarks Preservation Board.

Seattle Landmarks Preservation Board
The City of Seattle Landmarks Preservation Board is responsible for designating and preserving structures of historical importance in Seattle, Washington. The board recommends actions to the Seattle City Council, which fashions these into city ordinances with the force of law. The board is part of the city's Department of Neighborhoods.

The board consists of eleven members appointed by the mayor and approved by the city council. By its establishing ordinance, the board must include at least two architects, two historians, one member of the City Planning Commission, one structural engineer, and one person each representing the fields of finance and real estate management. As of 2015, more than 450 individual Seattle sites, buildings, vehicles, vessels, and street clocks have been designated as Seattle Landmarks subject to protection by city ordinance.
Ram Ratan Singh College
Ram Ratan Singh College is a degree college in Bihar, India. It is a constituent unit of Patliputra University. The college offers senior secondary education and undergraduate degrees in arts and science.

Undergraduate degree
An undergraduate degree (also called a first degree or simply a degree) is an academic degree awarded to a student who has completed an undergraduate program of study. In the United States, undergraduate degrees are typically offered at institutions of higher education such as colleges and universities. The most common types are the associate degree and the bachelor's degree, with the latter usually requiring at least three to four years of full-time study to complete.

In other higher education systems, the scope of undergraduate education may extend up to the level of a master's degree. This structure is found, for example, in certain science courses in the United Kingdom and in some long-cycle medicine programs in continental Europe. Such qualifications are sometimes categorized as basic academic degrees or as first professional degrees.
2025 Hall of Fame Open – Women's singles
This was the first edition of the women's event at the Hall of Fame Open and the first women's tennis tournament to be held at the International Tennis Hall of Fame since the defunct Virginia Slims of Newport tournament, last held as a competitive event in 1990.

Caty McNally won the women's singles title, defeating Tatjana Maria in the final, 2–6, 6–4, 6–2.

International Tennis Hall of Fame
The International Tennis Hall of Fame is located in Newport, Rhode Island, United States. It honors both players and other contributors to the sport of tennis. The complex, the former Newport Casino, includes a museum, 13 grass tennis courts, an indoor tennis facility with three courts, three outdoor hard courts, one green clay court, a court tennis facility, and a theatre. The International Tennis Hall of Fame is a non-profit organization with the goal of preserving, celebrating, and inspiring the sport of tennis around the world.

The location was the original home of the U.S. National Championships (now called the US Open), established in 1881. Since 1976, the complex has hosted the Hall of Fame Open, a combined men's and women's event, each year in July.
František Mertl
František Mertl (born 16 March 1930), who has used the artistic name Francois Mertl dit Franta in France since the 1960s, is a Czech painter and sculptor who emigrated to France in 1958 to join his wife. He lives in Vence, in the Nice area.

Třebíč
Třebíč (Czech pronunciation: [ˈtr̝̊ɛbiːtʃ] ⓘ; German: Trebitsch) is a town in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 35,000 inhabitants.

The beginnings of the town's history are connected with the establishment of a Benedictine monastery, where the castle is located today. In the age of its expansion, Třebíč was the third most important town in Moravia. The population growth started after World War II.

There are several well-known tourist sights in the town. The Jewish Quarter and the St. Procopius Basilica are listed together as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone.
CD Promesas EDF
Club Deportivo Promesas Escuela de Fútbol is a Spanish football team based in Logroño, in the autonomous community of La Rioja. Founded in 2023, they are the men's section of Dux Logroño, and play in Regional Preferente, holding home matches at Ciudad Deportiva Pradoviejo.

Dux Logroño had a senior men's team between 2011 and 2013, which played under the name of Club Deportivo Escuelas de Fútbol Logroño.

Logroño
Logroño (UK: /lɒˈɡrɒnjoʊ/ ⓘ log-RON-yoh, US: /ləˈɡroʊnjoʊ, loʊˈ-/ lə-GROHN-yoh, loh-, Spanish: [loˈɣɾoɲo] ⓘ) is the capital of the autonomous community of La Rioja, Spain. Located in the north of the Iberian Peninsula, primarily in the right (South) bank of the Ebro River, Logroño has historically been a place of passage, such as the Camino de Santiago. Its borders were disputed between the Iberian kingdoms of Castille, Navarre and Aragon during the Middle Ages.

The population of the city in 2021 was 150,808 while the metropolitan area included nearly 200,000 inhabitants. The city is a centre of trade of Rioja wine, for which the area is noted, and manufacturing of wood, metal and textile products.
Julien Chauvin (tennis)
Julien Chauvin (born 17 April 1975) is a French former professional tennis player.

Chauvin played collegiate tennis for the University of Mobile in Alabama, then competed on the professional tour during the late 1990s, reaching a best singles world ranking of 184. He made the third and final qualifying round for the 1997 French Open, with wins over Mark Knowles and Joan Balcells (retired hurt). His only ATP Tour main draw appearance came at the 1997 Marbella Open, where he lost in the first round to seventh seed Julián Alonso.

Joan Balcells
Joan Manel Balcells Fornaguera (Catalan pronunciation: [ʒuˈam məˈnɛl βəlˈseʎs fuɾnəˈɣeɾə, ʒuˈam bəlˈseʎs]; born 20 June 1975) is a retired professional tennis player from Spain. He won one ATP Tour singles title in his career and reached the final in Scottsdale in 2002  (losing to Andre Agassi) and the semifinals in 2000 Heineken Open losing to Michael Chang.

Balcells was born in Barcelona, and played for the Spanish Davis Cup team in 2000, winning the doubles rubber (with Àlex Corretja) in the final against Australia. He retired in 2004. Ballcells was considered unusual for a Spanish player, as he possessed a serve and volley game that involved regularly rushing the net. This was not very common in Spanish tennis by the 1990s and early 2000s.
Tashtyk culture
The Tashtyk culture was a Late Iron Age archaeological culture that flourished in the Yenisei valley in Siberia from the 1st century CE to the 4th century CE. Located in the Minusinsk Depression, environs of modern Krasnoyarsk, eastern part of Kemerovo Oblast, it was preceded by the Tagar culture and the Tesinsky culture.

Krasnoyarsk
Krasnoyarsk is the largest city and administrative center of Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia. It is situated along the Yenisey River, and is the second-largest city in Siberia after Novosibirsk, with a population of over 1.1 million. Krasnoyarsk is an important junction of the renowned Trans-Siberian Railway, and is one of the largest producers of aluminum in the country. The city is known for its natural landscape; author Anton Chekhov judged Krasnoyarsk to be the most beautiful city in Siberia. The Stolby Nature Sanctuary is located 10 km south of the city. Krasnoyarsk is a major educational centre in Siberia, and hosts the Siberian Federal University. In 2019, Krasnoyarsk was the host city of the 2019 Winter Universiade, the third hosted in Russia.
Willie Williams (offensive tackle)
Willie Lee Williams Jr. (born August 6, 1967) is an American former professional football player who was an offensive tackle for two seasons in the National Football League (NFL) with the Phoenix Cardinals and New Orleans Saints. He was selected by the Cardinals in the ninth round of the 1990 NFL supplemental draft after playing college football for the LSU Tigers. Williams was also a member of the Amsterdam Admirals and Toronto Argonauts.

LSU Tigers football
The LSU Tigers football program, also known as the Fighting Tigers, represents Louisiana State University in college football. The Tigers compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Southeastern Conference (SEC).

LSU ranks 16th best in winning percentage in NCAA Division I FBS history and claims four national championships (1958, 2003, 2007, and 2019), 16 conference championships, and over 40 consensus All-Americans. Three players for the Tigers have won the Heisman Trophy: Billy Cannon (1959), Joe Burrow (2019), and Jayden Daniels (2023).

The team plays on the university's campus at Tiger Stadium in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. The program's current head coach is Lane Kiffin.
Q'ara Apachita (Quillacollo)
Q'ara Apachita (Aymara q'ara bare, bald, apachita the place of transit of an important pass in the principal routes of the Andes; name in the Andes for a stone cairn, a little pile of rocks built along the trail in the high mountains, "bare apachita", also spelled Khara Apacheta) is a  4,046-metre-high (13,274 ft) mountain in the Bolivian Andes. It is located in the Cochabamba Department, Quillacollo Province, Sipe Sipe Municipality.

Cochabamba Department
Cochabamba (Aymara: Quchapampa Jach'a Suyu, Spanish: Departamento de Cochabamba pronounced [kotʃaˈβamba] ⓘ, Quechua: Quchapampa Suyu), from Quechua qucha or qhucha, meaning "lake", pampa meaning "plain", is one of the nine departments of Bolivia. It is known to be the breadbasket of the country because of its variety of agricultural products from its geographical position. It has an area of 55,631 km2. Its population in the 2024 census was 2,005,373. Its capital is the city of Cochabamba, known as the "City of Eternal Spring" and "The Garden City" because of its spring-like temperatures all year.
Nongpoh Assembly constituency
Nongpoh is one of the 60 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Meghalaya state in India. It is part of Ri Bhoi district and is reserved for candidates belonging to the Scheduled Tribes. It falls under Shillong Lok Sabha constituency and its current MLA is Mayralborn Syiem of United Democratic Party.

Meghalaya Legislative Assembly
The Meghalaya Legislative Assembly is the unicameral legislature of the Indian state of Meghalaya.

Constituted as a directly elected body in 1972, it has 60 members, filled through direct elections held every five years. Like other Indian states, Meghalaya has a parliamentary system of government. The executive branch of the Meghalaya Government is derived from the Legislative Assembly.
WFZZ
WFZZ (104.3 FM) is an alternative rock-formatted radio station licensed to Seymour, Wisconsin and serving the Fox Cities and Northeast Wisconsin. Owned and operated by Woodward Communications, WFZZ's studios are located on College Avenue in Appleton, while its transmitter is located in Seymour.

Adult hits
Adult hits (sometimes also called variety hits) is a radio format drawing from popular music from the late 1960s to the present. The format typically focuses on classic hits, but blended with adult contemporary, pop, and rock hits from the 1970s through at least the 2000s, and is synonymous with franchised brands such as Jack FM and Bob FM.
Ziddi (2013 film)
Ziddi is a 2013 Indian Kannada-language masala film written by M. Sindhuraj and directed by R. Anantha Raju and produced by Vijay Surana. It stars Prajwal Devraj, Aindrita Ray, Thilak Shekar and Aishwarya Nag in lead roles. The film is a remake of 2009 Malayalam film Puthiya Mukham.

Masala film
Masala films of Indian cinema are those that blend multiple genres into one work. Masala films emerged in the 1970s and are still being created as of the 2020s. Typically these films freely blend action, comedy, romance, and drama, or melodrama. They also tend to be musicals, often including songs filmed in picturesque locations.

The genre is named after the masala, a mixture of spices in Indian cuisine. According to The Hindu, masala is the most popular genre of Indian cinema. Masala films have origins in the 1970s and are common in every major film industry in India. Production of these films is still active in the mid-2020s.
2007 UCI Road World Championships – Men's under-23 road race
The 2007 UCI Road World Championships - Men's Under-23 Road Race took place on September 29, 2007 in the German city of Stuttgart. The race was won by Peter Velits of Slovakia who won in a bunch sprint of around 40 riders. Wesley Sulzberger took second with Jonathan Bellis of Great Britain taking the bronze medal. Pre-race favorite Edvald Boasson Hagen was involved in a crash around ten metres from the finish line, officially finishing 56th 27 seconds back.

Edvald Boasson Hagen
Edvald Boasson Hagen (born 17 May 1987) is a Norwegian former road racing cyclist, who competed as a professional from 2006 to 2024. He was ranked as no. 3 in the world by UCI as of 31 August 2009, when he was 22 years old. He is known as an all-rounder, having won the Norwegian National Road Race Championships in 2012, 2015 and 2016. He is also a ten-time winner of the Norwegian National Time Trial Championships.

After retiring as a professional cyclist he became an architectural drafter.
Inverary, Ontario
Inverary is a Compact Rural Community and unincorporated place in South Frontenac, Frontenac County in eastern Ontario, Canada. The community was originally called Storrington post office in 1845, for (the now) geographic Storrington Township in which the community lies. It was renamed to Inverary in 1856 by landowner James Campbell after Inveraray, his ancestral home in Scotland, before being officially incorporated in 1860.

Inveraray
Inveraray (/ˌɪnvəˈrɛəri/ or /ˌɪnvəˈrɛərə/; Scottish Gaelic: Inbhir Aora pronounced [iɲɪɾʲˈɯːɾə] meaning "mouth of the Aray") is a town in Argyll and Bute, Scotland. Located on the western shore of Loch Fyne, near its head, Inveraray is a former royal burgh and known affectionately as "The Capital of Argyll." It is the traditional county town of Argyll, and the ancestral seat to the Duke of Argyll.
Battle of Pyongyang (1592)
The Battle of Pyongyang was a military engagement in 1592, as part of the 1592–1598 Japanese invasions of Korea. On 23 August 1592 a Ming force of 6,000 under Zu Chengxun and Shi Ru attacked Japanese-occupied Pyeongyang and was defeated.

Seonjo of Joseon
Seonjo (Korean: 선조; Hanja: 宣祖; 6 December 1552 – 6 March 1608), personal name Yi Yeon (이연; 李昖), was the 14th monarch of Joseon (now Korea). He was known for promoting Korean Confucianism and attempting reforms at the beginning of his reign. However, he later gained infamy from the political discord and his incompetent leadership during the Imjin War.
1978 Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles season
The 1978 Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles season was the 32nd in the club's history since their entry into the then New South Wales Rugby Football League premiership in 1947.

The 1978 Sea Eagles were coached by 1963–64 Kangaroo tourist Frank Stanton. Captaining the side was long serving hooker Max Krilich. The club competed in the New South Wales Rugby Football League's 1978 Premiership season and played its home games at the 27,000 capacity Brookvale Oval.

1978 NSWRFL season
The 1978 NSWRFL season was the 71st season of the NSWRFL Premiership, Sydney's professional rugby league football competition, and Australia's first. Twelve clubs, including six of 1908's foundation teams and another six from around Sydney competed for the J.J. Giltinan Shield and WD & HO Wills Cup during the season, which culminated in a grand final between the Manly-Warringah and Cronulla-Sutherland clubs that was drawn and had to be re-played. NSWRFL teams also competed for the 1978 Amco Cup.
Forte Racing
Forte Racing, formerly known as US RaceTronics (USRT), is an American sports car racing team based in Buttonwillow, California, In 2022, USRT merged with O’Gara Motorsports and Change Racing before rebranding into Forte Racing the following year.

Buttonwillow, California
Buttonwillow is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in the San Joaquin Valley, in Kern County, California. Buttonwillow is 26 miles (42 km) west of Bakersfield, at an elevation of 269 feet (82 m). The population was 1,337 at the 2020 census, down from 1,508 at the 2010 census. The center of population of California is located in Buttonwillow.
Rosemarie Trockel
Rosemarie Trockel (born 13 November 1952) is a German conceptual artist. She has made drawings, paintings, sculptures, videos and installations, and has worked in mixed media. From 1985, she made pictures using knitting-machines. She is a professor at the Kunstakademie Düsseldorf, in Düsseldorf in Nordrhein-Westfalen.

Mixed media
In visual art, mixed media describes artwork in which more than one medium or material has been employed.
Assemblages, collages, and sculpture are three common examples of art using different media. Materials used to create mixed media art include, but are not limited to, paint, cloth, paper, wood and found objects.

Mixed media art is distinguished from multimedia art which combines visual art with non-visual elements, such as recorded sound, literature, drama, dance, motion graphics, music, or interactivity.