hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Napp Pharmaceuticals
Napp Pharmaceuticals Limited is a private pharmaceutical company in Cambridge, United Kingdom. The company was founded in 1923, and bought by the Sackler family in 1966. Headquartered together with the related Napp Research Centre in the Cambridge Science Park since the 1980s, it is a sister company of Purdue Pharma and Mundipharma, all of which are owned by the descendants of Mortimer and Raymond Sackler.

Sackler family
The Sackler family is an American family who owned the pharmaceutical company Purdue Pharma and later founded Mundipharma. Purdue Pharma, and some members of the family, have faced lawsuits regarding over-prescription of addictive pharmaceutical drugs, including OxyContin. Purdue Pharma has been criticized for its central role in the opioid epidemic in the United States. They have been described as the "most evil family in America", and "the worst drug dealers in history".

The Sackler family has been profiled in various media, including the documentary Crime of the Century on HBO, the book Empire of Pain by Patrick Radden Keefe, the 2021 Hulu miniseries Dopesick, the 2022 Oscar-nominated documentary All the Beauty and the Bloodshed, and the 2023 Netflix mini-series Painkiller.
Greg Ladanyi
Greg Ladanyi (July 6, 1952 – September 29, 2009) was an American record producer and recording engineer of Hungarian descent, known for his work with many musicians, including Jackson Browne, Warren Zevon, The Church, Caifanes,  Anna Vissi, Toto, Fleetwood Mac, Don Henley, and Jeff Healey.

Jaguares (band)
Jaguares were a Mexican alternative rock band formed by former Caifanes lead singer Saúl Hernández, ex-Caifan Alfonso André (drums), and two long-time friends Federico Fong (bass guitar) and José Manuel Aguilera (lead guitar).
Tekopua
Tekopua is one of 22 islands in the Aitutaki atoll of the Cook Islands. It is located on the southeastern perimeter of Aitutaki Lagoon between the smaller islands of Muritapua and Tapuaetai, seven kilometers to the southeast of the main island of Aitutaki. The island is the largest of the Aitutaki atoll, measuring 2,250 meters long and up to 480 meters wide.

Aitutaki
Aitutaki, also traditionally known as Araʻura and Utataki, is the second most-populated island in the Cook Islands, after Rarotonga. It is an "almost atoll", with fifteen islets in a lagoon adjacent to the main island. Total land area is 18.05 km2 (6.97 sq mi), and the lagoon has an area of between 50 and 74 km2 (19 and 29 sq mi). A major tourist destination, Aitutaki is the second most visited island of the Cook Islands archipelago.

Aitutaki had a population of 1,782 in 2021. The main village is Arutanga (Arutunga) on the west side.
2022–23 EFL Trophy
The 2022–23 EFL Trophy, known as the Papa John's Trophy for sponsorship reasons, the 42nd season in the history of the competition, was a knock-out tournament for clubs in EFL League One and League Two, the third and fourth tiers of the English football league system, as well as the "Academy teams" of 16 Premier League clubs with Category One status.

The defending champions were Rotherham United but they were unable to defend their trophy due to their promotion to the EFL Championship.

Bolton Wanderers won the trophy for the second time, defeating Plymouth Argyle 4–0 in the final.

2023 EFL Trophy final
The 2023 EFL Trophy, known as the Papa Johns Trophy for sponsorship reasons, the 40th season in the history of the competition, is a knock-out tournament for clubs in EFL League One and League Two, the third and fourth tiers of the English football league system, as well as the "Academy teams" of 16 Premier League clubs with Category One status. With a crowd of 79,389, the Final was the highest attended match in Europe that week. Bolton defeated Plymouth 4–0 in the biggest ever win in an EFL Trophy Final.
Bagrichthys macropterus
Bagrichthys macropterus, the false black lancer, is a species of bagrid catfish found in Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam.  It grows to a length of 30.0 cm and is commercially fished for human consumption.

Bagridae
The Bagridae are a family of catfish that are native to Africa (Bagrus) and Asia (all other genera) from Japan to Borneo. It includes about 245 species. These fish are commonly known as naked catfishes or bagrid catfishes.

Many large bagrids are important as a source of food. Some species are also kept as aquarium fishes.
Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute
The Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute (BORI) is a research institute involved in the conservation, preservation, and research of old manuscripts and rare books related to Orientalism, particularly Indology. It is located in Pune, Maharashtra, India. It was founded on 6 July 1917 and named after Ramakrishna Gopal Bhandarkar (1837–1925), a scholar of Orientalism. The institute is well known for its collection of old Sanskrit and Prakrit manuscripts.

Indian Knowledge Systems
The Indian Knowledge Systems (IKS), or the Bhāratīya Jñāna Paramparā Vibhāga is a division of the Ministry of Education of the Government of India which purports to promote Indian systems of knowledge. Established in October 2020, it is located in the AICTE headquarters in New Delhi.

Critics of the IKS division have asserted that its curricula peddle pseudoscience and pseudohistory, do not constitute a genuine scholarly "decolonisation" programme, are a tool of indoctrination by the Hindutva ideology of the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), and will economically and professionally disadvantage Indian graduates in the workforce.  The work of the IKS division has been interpreted by some as being guided by a mission to preserve Indian heritage, apply what they consider to be ancient knowledge to modern problems such as climate change, and decolonise Indian education in a way that reduces undue Western influences.
2016 Boston Marathon
The 2016 Boston Marathon was the 120th running of the Boston Athletic Association's mass-participation marathon. It took place on Monday, April 18 (Patriots' Day in Massachusetts). Both of the winners were from Ethiopia: the men's race was won by Lemi Berhanu Hayle in a time of 2:12:45. Atsede Baysa  won the women's race with a time of 2:29:19.

Patriots' Day
Patriots' Day (Patriot's Day in Maine) is an annual event, formalized as a legal holiday or a special observance day in eight U.S. states, commemorating the battles of Lexington, Concord, and Menotomy, the inaugural battles of the American Revolutionary War. The holiday occurs annually on the third Monday in April in four states and on April 19 in four, with celebrations including battle reenactments and the Boston Marathon.
Kruševačka Planina
41°54′34″N 20°36′58″E﻿ / ﻿41.909444°N 20.616111°E﻿ / 41.909444; 20.616111﻿ (Crn Kamen)
Kruševačka Planina (Maja e Krushevaçkës in Albanian) is a mountain found in Kosovo in the Šar Mountains in Gora (region) next to North Macedonia and Albania.
Kruševačka Planina reaches a peak altitude of 2,048 m (6,719 ft). The nearest peaks are Murga (peak) and Popova Sapka, the next town is Brod (Prizren), the next biggest lake is Šutmansko Lake. It is one of the highest peaks in Kosovo.

Šar Mountains
The Šar Mountains (Macedonian: Шар Планина, romanized: Šar Planina; Serbian: Шар-планина / Šar-planina; colloquially also Šara, Cyrillic: Шара) or Sharr Mountains (Albanian: Malet e Sharrit, pronounced [malɛt ɛ ʃarit]) is a mountain range in Southeast Europe, extending into several countries from southern Kosovo, to northwestern North Macedonia, to northeastern Albania. The sections in Kosovo (Sharr Mountains National Park) and North Macedonia (Šar Planina National Park) are national parks. Rugged and barren, the mountains are among the highest in the Balkans, with 30 peaks higher than 2,500 m (8,202 ft).
Uncha Mountain Red Hills Provincial Park
Uncha Mountain Red Hills Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, comprising two parcels of land on the north and south shores of Francois Lake.  Total area of the park is 9,421 hectares.

François Lake
François Lake in British Columbia is about 30 km (19 mi) south of Burns Lake and 10 km (6.2 mi) west of Fraser Lake. The lake is 110 km (68 mi) long, making it the second longest natural lake entirely within British Columbia after Babine Lake. Nadina River is the inflow of the lake at the west and Stellako River is the outflow of the lake. The lake is popularly fished for its rainbow trout and char.

Because of its shape, the lake was called Nidabun, meaning "lip lake." The French-Canadians  mistook Nidaa for nedo, which meant "whiteman," and named it Lac des Français (meaning Lake of the French). The name Français later was altered to François and is pronounced locally as Francis.
Ii Naohira
Ii Naohira (井伊 直平, 1479? or 1489? - October 5, 1563) was a Japanese samurai of the Sengoku period, who served the Imagawa clan. He was born in 1479 or 1489, as the son of Ii Naouji, the lord of Iinoya castle.

In 1507, he contributed three rice paddies to Jijōin, the family temple and the birthplace his ancestor, Ii Tomoyasu. Ii invited the priest Mokushū Zuien to Iinoho (Iinoya) and changed the temple name from Jijōin to Ryūtaiji. In 1511, he gave productive land to Hohta Sukeshiro and communicated that to Hohta Negi.

His known daughter became the concubine of Imagawa Yoshimoto for a time before married Sekiguchi Chikanaga. She bore the famous Lady Tsukiyama, the first wife of Tokugawa Ieyasu, from that marriage.

His great-grandson Ii Naomasa was adopted by Ii Naotora, and became a feared general under Tokugawa Ieyasu who is considered one of his Four Guardians.

Ii Naomasa
Ii Naomasa (井伊 直政; March 4, 1561 – March 24, 1602) was a Japanese  samurai general and daimyo under the Sengoku period daimyō, and later shōgun, Tokugawa Ieyasu. He led the clan after the death of Ii Naotora. He married Tobai-in, Matsudaira Yasuchika's daughter and adopted daughter of Tokugawa Ieyasu.

Ii Naomasa joined the ranks of the Tokugawa clan in the mid-1570s, rising swiftly through the ranks and became particularly famous after the Battle of Komaki and Nagakute, as he is recognized as one of the Four Guardians of the Tokugawa along with Honda Tadakatsu, Sakakibara Yasumasa, and Sakai Tadatsugu. Ii Naomasa then eventually became the master of a sizable holding in Ōmi Province, following the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600.

His office in the Imperial Japan ministries was Hyōbu-daifū.

Ii Naomasa was also notable for his command over elite troops  Red Guards (赤備え) (akazonae) that formerly served the Takeda clan.
Hochfelln
Hochfelln is a mountain of Bavaria, Germany located in the Chiemgau Alps. Its summit is 1,674 meters high. Hochfelln overlooks the lake Chiemsee.

Hochfelln includes an area of Early Jurassic calcareous called the Hochfelln Beds, which has a substantial amount of silicified Early Jurassic gastropod fauna -- among the most diverse such assemblages in the Northern Calcareous Alps and Germany. The area also has rock deposits from the late Triassic to Cretaceous eras.

Chiemgau Alps
The Chiemgau Alps (German: Chiemgauer Alpen) are a mountain range in the Northern Limestone Alps and belong to the Eastern Alps. They are crossed by the Austria–Germany border: their major part is situated in Bavaria, Germany, and only a small section is within the states of Salzburg and Tirol in Austria. They reach their highest elevation  (1,961 m (6,434 ft)) in the Sonntagshorn, a peak straddling the German-Austrian border.
Arkoma School
The Arkoma School in Arkoma in Le Flore County, Oklahoma was a Works Progress Administration-funded project completed in 1937.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.

It is a four-room 74 by 42 feet (23 m × 13 m) building built of cut and coursed local sandstone, with a hipped roof.  It was still in use as a school in 1988.

Its NRHP nomination asserts that in its design there is an allusion to Richardsonian Romanesque style, but it is a straightforward construction.  Its design was taken from a pattern book of the Oklahoma State Department of Education.

LeFlore County, Oklahoma
LeFlore County is a county along the eastern border of the U.S state of Oklahoma. As of the 2020 census, its population was 48,129. Its county seat is Poteau. The county honors a Choctaw family named LeFlore. The United States District Court for the Eastern District of Oklahoma is the federal district court with jurisdiction in LeFlore County.
Hassan Al-Mamun
Hassan Al-Mamun (Bengali: হাসান আল-মামুন; born 16 November 1974) is a Bangladeshi former professional footballer who played as a defender. He was mainly deployed as a full back who could play on both sides of the field. He represented the Bangladesh national team from 1995 to 2008 and made 54 official international appearances for the country. He currently works as an assistant coach for the national team under Javier Cabrera.

Burma Tournament 1995
The Burma Tournament 1995 (Burmese: မြန်မာနိုင်ငံပြိုင်ပွဲ ၁၉၉၅), alternatively known as the 4-nation Tiger Trophy, was an international association football friendly tournament organised by Myanmar Football Federation (MFF). It took place from 26 October to 4 November 1995 in Myanmar.
Los Símbolos station
Los Símbolos is a Caracas Metro station on Line 3. It was opened on 18 December 1994 as part of the inaugural section of Line 3 from Plaza Venezuela to El Valle. The station is between Ciudad Universitaria and La Bandera.

Plaza Venezuela station
Plaza Venezuela is a Caracas Metro station on Lines 1 and 3. The Line 1 station was opened on 27 March 1983 as part of the extension of the line from La Hoyada to Chacaíto. The station is between Colegio de Ingenieros and Sabana Grande.

The Line 3 station was opened on 18 December 1994 as the northern terminus of the inaugural section of the line, from Plaza Venezuela to El Valle. The adjacent station is Ciudad Universitaria.

The name of the station originates from nearby Plaza Venezuela.
Robert Carter III
Robert Carter III (February 28, 1728 – March 10, 1804) was an American planter and politician from the Northern Neck of Virginia. During the colonial period, he sat on the Virginia Governor's Council for roughly two decades. After the American Revolutionary War saw the Thirteen Colonies gain independence from the British Empire as the United States, Carter, influenced by his Baptist beliefs, began the largest manumission in the history of the United States prior to the American Civil War.

Despite strong opposition from family members and neighbors, Carter began emancipating the hundreds of slaves he owned via a deed of gift filed with the Northumberland County, Virginia authorities on September 5, 1791, seventy years before the Civil War. Over the following years, Carter gradually emancipated over 500 of his slaves by filing documents with the Northumberland County, Virginia authorities, and settled many freedmen on land he gave them. Carter died in Baltimore, Maryland in 1804.

Northumberland County, Virginia
Northumberland County is a county located in the Commonwealth of Virginia. At the 2020 census, the population was 11,839. Its county seat is Heathsville. The county is located on the Northern Neck and is part of the Northern Neck George Washington Birthplace AVA winemaking appellation.
Soviet rocketry
Soviet rocketry commenced in 1921 with development of Solid-fuel rockets, which resulted in the development of the Katyusha rocket launcher. Rocket scientists and engineers, particularly Valentin Glushko and Sergei Korolev, contributed to the development of Liquid-fuel rockets, which were first used for fighter aircraft. Developments continued in the late 1940s and 1950s with a variety of ballistic missiles and ICBMs, and later for space exploration which resulted in the launch of Sputnik 1 in 1957, the first artificial Earth satellite ever launched.

RD-107
The RD-107 (Russian: Ракетный Двигатель-107, romanized: Raketnyy Dvigatel-107, lit. 'Rocket Engine 107') and its sibling, the RD-108, are a type of rocket engine used on the R-7 rocket family. RD-107 engines are used in each booster and the RD-108 is used in the central core. The engines have four main combustion chambers (each with a nozzle) and either two (RD-107) or four (RD-108) vernier chambers.

The engines were first developed in the mid-1950s to launch the R-7 Semyorka, the first intercontinental ballistic missile. The R-7 was later adapted into space launch vehicles and the engines have been improved over several generations. The most recent versions are the RD-107A and RD-108A engines are used to launch the Soyuz-2, which is in active service as of 2024.
Blanching (horticulture)
Blanching is a technique used in vegetable growing. Young shoots of a plant are covered to exclude light to prevent photosynthesis and the production of chlorophyll, and thus remain pale in color. Different methods used include covering with soil (hilling or earthing up) or with solid materials such as board or terracotta pots, or growing the crop indoors in darkened conditions. Blanched vegetables generally tend to have a more delicate flavor and texture compared to those that are not blanched, but blanching can also cause the vegetables to be lower in vitamin A.

Endive
Endive (/ˈɛndaɪv, -dɪv, ˈɑːndiːv/) is a leaf vegetable belonging to the genus Cichorium, which includes several similar bitter-leafed vegetables. Species include Cichorium endivia (also called endive), Cichorium pumilum (also called wild endive), and Cichorium intybus (also called chicory). Chicory includes types such as radicchio, puntarelle, and Belgian endive.

There is considerable confusion between Cichorium endivia and Cichorium intybus.
Harry Lovejoy Rogers
Harry Lovejoy Rogers (January 29, 1867 – December 12, 1925) was an officer in the United States Army. A specialist in quartermaster and food service activities, Rogers attained the rank of major general, and was most notable for his service as chief quartermaster of the American Expeditionary Forces during World War I and Quartermaster General of the United States Army from 1918 to 1922.

Finance Corps
The United States Army Finance Corps is a combat service support (CSS) branch of the United States Army. The Finance Corps traces its foundation to 16 June 1775, when the Second Continental Congress established the office of Paymaster General of the Army. The Pay Department became a separate department in 1816, and the Finance Department was created by law on 1 July 1920. It became the Finance Corps in 1950. It is responsible for financial operations, most notably payroll and resource management.
Lawrence Kaplow
Lawrence "Larry" Kaplow is an American television writer and producer most notable for his work on the FOX series House. He won the 2005 Writers Guild of America Award for "Outstanding Television Script, Episodic Drama" for the House episode "Autopsy".

In addition to House, Kaplow has written for Family Law, Hack, and K-Ville. He left House after the third season for a development deal with 20th Century Fox, but returned the following year. In 2011–2012, Kaplow was a writer/producer on the medical drama Body of Proof. He is now a co-executive producer for the television series "Law and Order: Special Victims Unit".

House season 6
The sixth season of House premiered on September 21, 2009, with a two-hour premiere filmed at the Greystone Park Psychiatric Hospital in New Jersey. In the United Kingdom, the season began airing on Sky 1 and Sky 1 HD on October 4, 2009. Season six featured 22 episodes, two fewer than usual. It is the first season of House to feature Hugh Laurie as the only original cast member in all episodes, and the last season to feature Jennifer Morrison as a main cast member. It was fairly well received by critics, scoring 77 on Metacritic.
Pairwise Stone space
In mathematics and particularly in topology, a pairwise Stone space is a bitopological space  that is pairwise compact, pairwise Hausdorff, and pairwise zero-dimensional.

Pairwise Stone spaces are a bitopological version of Stone spaces.

Pairwise Stone spaces are closely related to spectral spaces.

Theorem: If   is a spectral space, then   is a pairwise Stone space, where   is the de Groot dual topology of  . Conversely, if   is a pairwise Stone space, then both   and   are spectral spaces.

De Groot dual
In mathematics, in particular in topology, the de Groot dual (after Johannes de Groot) of a topology τ on a set X is the topology τ* whose closed sets are generated by compact saturated subsets of (X, τ).
Jessica Collins (politician)
Jessica Nancy Collins (née Bird) is an Australian politician from the Liberal Party of Australia. She was elected in the 2025 federal election and began her six-year term as Senator for New South Wales on 1 July 2025. She was second on the Coalition list, ahead of Perin Davey and Hollie Hughes who were not re-elected.

In February 2026, a leadership spill motion was launched by Collins and Phillip Thompson.

Phillip Thompson
Phillip Bruce Thompson (born 7 May 1988) is an Australian politician. A member of the Liberal National Party of Queensland, he sits with the Liberal Party in federal parliament.

Thompson is a member of the House of Representatives, representing the Division of Herbert. He was first elected in the 2019 Australian federal election.

Prior to entering politics, Thompson was Queensland Young Australian of the Year.
Minnesota State Highway 80
Minnesota State Highway 80 (MN 80) is a two-lane 8.431-mile-long (13.568 km) highway in southeast Minnesota that runs from its intersection with State Highway 16 near Wykoff and continues east to its eastern terminus at its intersection with U.S. Highway 52 at Fountain.

U.S. Route 52 in Minnesota
U.S. Highway 52 (US 52) enters the state of Minnesota at the unincorporated community of Prosper, north of the town of Burr Oak, Iowa. The route is marked north–south in Minnesota along its independent segment from the Iowa state line to downtown St. Paul. US 52 is not signed along the length of its concurrency with Interstate 94 (I-94) from downtown St. Paul to the North Dakota state line at Moorhead and Fargo.
École des Pionniers (British Columbia)
École des Pionniers de Maillardville is a  French first language school located in Port Coquitlam, British Columbia, Canada. It serves the French speaking population of the Metro Vancouver area.

The school was founded in 2000 and is located on the former Terry Fox Secondary School grounds.  It incorporates classes formerly held at Millside Elementary, Como Lake Middle and Centennial Secondary School in Coquitlam. The school now has the IB Diploma Programme in French for grade 11 and 12 students, and has the MYP IB Programme for grade 7 to 10 students.  Not directly affiliated with École des Pionniers, but located within it and often a stepping stone to attending the school, is an independent non-profit francophone preschool called Prématernelle Les p'tits lutins.

Port Coquitlam
Port Coquitlam (/koʊˈkwɪtləm/ koh-KWIT-ləm) is a city in British Columbia, Canada. It is one of 21 municipalities comprising Metro Vancouver. Located 27 km (17 mi) east of Vancouver, it is on the north bank of the confluence of the Fraser River and the Pitt River. Coquitlam borders it to the north and west. Pitt Meadows lies across the Pitt River from it. Port Coquitlam is bisected by Lougheed Highway and the Canadian Pacific Kansas City railway. Port Coquitlam is often referred to as "PoCo". It is Canada's 93rd-largest municipality by population.
Brancoceratidae
Brancoceratidae is a family of acanthoceratoid ammonites from the middle of the Cretaceous, recognized by their commonly evolute shells with round, oval, or quadrate whorls, strong ribs, usual ventral keels, and at least, umblical tubercles.  The family is thought to be derived from the Desmoceratidae (Desmoceratoidea), perhaps from Silesitoides or some allied genus.

Desmoceratidae
Desmoceratidae is a family belonging to the ammonite superfamily Desmoceratoidea.  They are an extinct group of ammonoids, shelled cephalopods related to squid, belemnites, octopuses, and cuttlefish, and more distantly to the nautiloids, that lived between the  Lower Cretaceous (Upper Valanginian) and Upper
Cretaceous (Upper Maastrichtian).