hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Douglas Bush
John Nash Douglas Bush (1896–1983) was a literary critic and literary historian.  He taught for most of his life at Harvard University, where his students included many of the most prominent scholars, writers, and academics of several generations, including Walter Jackson Bate, Neil Rudenstine, Paul Auster and Aharon Lichtenstein.

Bush's textual criticism on Shakespeare and John Milton was widely influential. His English Literature in the Earlier Seventeenth Century remains a standard reference work.

He received his doctorate from Harvard University in 1923.

Paul Auster
Paul Benjamin Auster (February 3, 1947 – April 30, 2024) was an American writer, novelist, memoirist, poet, and filmmaker. His notable works include The New York Trilogy (1987), Moon Palace (1989), The Music of Chance (1990), The Book of Illusions (2002), The Brooklyn Follies (2005), Invisible (2009), Sunset Park (2010), Winter Journal (2012), and 4 3 2 1 (2017). His books have been translated into more than 40 languages.
Pier Luigi Nimis
Pier Luigi Nimis is a senior professor of botany (retired in 2023) at the University of Trieste in Italy. He specialises in lichenology and phytogeography, including the uses of lichens as indicators of pollution and devising methods for web-based identification keys.

Phytogeography
Phytogeography (from Greek  φυτόν, phytón 'plant' and  γεωγραφία, geographía 'geography' meaning also distribution) or botanical geography is the branch of biogeography that is concerned with the geographic distribution of plant species and their influence on the earth's surface. Phytogeography is concerned with all aspects of plant distribution, from the controls on the distribution of individual species ranges (at both large and small scales, see species distribution) to the factors that govern the composition of entire communities and floras. Geobotany, by contrast, focuses on the geographic space's influence on plants.
Gniewkowo, Mrągowo County
Gniewkowo (Polish: [ɡɲɛfˈkɔ.vɔ]) is a former settlement, currently located within the village of Gronowo, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, Poland, located in the Gmina Mrągowo, Mrągowo County. It is located in the region of Masuria.

Masuria
Masuria (Polish: Mazury [maˈzurɨ] ⓘ; Masurian: Mazurÿ; German: Masuren [maˈzuːʁən] ⓘ) is an ethnographic and geographic region in northern and northeastern Poland, known for its 2,000 lakes. Masuria occupies much of the Masurian Lake District. Administratively, it is part of the Warmian–Masurian Voivodeship (administrative area/province). Its biggest city, often regarded as its capital, is Ełk. The region covers a territory of some 10,000 km2 which approximately 500,000 people inhabit.

Masuria is bordered by Warmia, Powiśle and Chełmno Land in the west, Mazovia in the south, Podlachia and Suwałki Region in the east, and Lithuania Minor in the north.
North Colonie Central Schools
North Colonie Central Schools is a public school district located in Colonie, New York. It shares Colonie along with the South Colonie Central School District and covers the communities of Latham, Loudonville, and Cohoes. It was ranked the number 4 school district in the Capital District by The Business Review in their 2012 Schools Report. On the official website of North Colonie, it is stated that over 6,000 students attend the school district.

American City Business Journals
American City Business Journals, Inc. (ACBJ) is an American newspaper publisher based in Charlotte, North Carolina. ACBJ publishes The Business Journals, which contains local business news for 44 markets in the United States with each market's edition named for that market, and also publishes Hemmings Motor News and Inside Lacrosse. The company is owned by Advance Publications and receives revenue from display advertising and classified advertising in its weekly newspaper and online advertising on its website and from a subscription business model.

The bizjournals.com website, using the overarching online title The Business Journal, contains local business news from various cities in the United States, along with an archive that contains more than 5 million business news articles published since 1996. As of August 2021, it receives over 3.6 million readers each week.
2022 Italian Open (tennis)
The 2022 Italian Open (also known as the Rome Masters or the Internazionali BNL d'Italia for sponsorship reasons) was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Foro Italico in Rome, Italy. It was the 79th edition of the Italian Open and was classified as an ATP Tour Masters 1000 event on the 2022 ATP Tour and a non-mandatory event on the 2022 WTA Tour. First-seeded Novak Djokovic and Iga Świątek won the singles title.

ATP Masters 1000 tournaments
The ATP Masters 1000 tournaments, also known as Masters 1000 or ATP 1000 events, are an annual series of nine tennis tournaments featuring the top-ranked players on the ATP Tour since its inception in 1990. The ATP 1000 tournaments, sitting below the Grand Slam tournaments and the year-end championships, make up the most coveted trophies on the annual ATP Tour calendar. In addition to the quadrennial Summer Olympics, they are collectively known as the 'Big Titles'.
Novak Djokovic holds the record for the most ATP 1000 singles titles with 40. By completing the career set of all nine current ATP 1000 series singles titles in 2018, Djokovic became the first and only player to achieve the career Golden Masters. In 2020, Djokovic completed a second career Golden Masters.
In doubles, the Bryan brothers (Bob and Mike) won a record 39 doubles titles as a team. Daniel Nestor and the Bryan brothers are the only doubles players to achieve the career Golden Masters.
Leninsky, Russia
Leninsky (Russian: Ленинский; masculine), Leninskaya (Ленинская; feminine), or Leninskoye (Ленинское; neuter) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.

Urban localities

Leninsky, Sakha Republic, a settlement in Aldansky District of the Sakha Republic

Leninskoye, Kirov Oblast, an urban-type settlement in Shabalinsky District of Kirov Oblast

Rural localities

Leninsky, Altai Krai, a settlement in Troitsky District of Altai Krai

Leninsky, Tula Oblast, a settlement in Barsukovsky Rural Okrug of Leninsky District of Tula Oblast

Leninsky, several other rural localities

Leninskoye, Altai Krai, a selo in Smolensky District of Altai Krai

Leninskoye, Jewish Autonomous Oblast, a selo in Leninsky District of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast

Leninskoye, several other rural localities

Leninsky District, Tula Oblast
Leninsky District (Russian: Ле́нинский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the twenty-three in Tula Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northern central part of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,351.21 square kilometers (521.71 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a settlement) of Leninsky. Population: 63,355 (2010 Census);  64,412 (2002 Census); 70,013 (1989 Soviet census). The population of the administrative center accounts for 11.1% of the district's total population.
Lost and Gone Forever
Lost and Gone Forever is the third studio album by the band Guster, released in September 1999. It was recorded earlier that year in Sausalito, California, and Bearsville, New York. In 1999, Ryan Miller claimed that Guster took the album's title "from the popular folk song 'Oh My Darling, Clementine'" and "chose it because we felt it reflected the lyrical content of the record." According to Guster's own website, other titles considered for the album included (jokingly) "The Ides of Guster", "When Guster Attacks", "Senior Week" and "Book on Tape". All of the drums on this album were played by hand (no sticks).

In February 2012, Paste magazine named Lost and Gone Forever the 79th greatest album of the 1990s.

Oh My Darling, Clementine
"Oh, My Darling Clementine" (Roud 9611, sometimes simply "Clementine") is a traditional American, tragic but sometimes comic, Western folk ballad in trochaic meter usually credited to Percy Montross (or Montrose) (1884), although it is sometimes credited to Barker Bradford.

Members of the Western Writers of America chose it as one of the Top 100 Western songs of all time.
Floripa Esporte Clube
Floripa Esporte Clube, also known as Super Imperatriz Vôlei, was a men's volleyball team, based in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil. They won the Superliga Brasileira de Voleibol in 2005–06, 2007–08 and in 2008–09, and won the South American Championship in 2009. They played at Arena Jaraguá. The club was formerly known as Cimed Esporte Clube. The team was folded in July 2013 after finishing tenth in the 2012–13 Brazilian Superliga.

Arena Jaraguá
Arena Jaraguá is an indoor sporting arena located in Jaraguá do Sul, Brazil. It is used mainly for futsal and volleyball.  The capacity of the arena is 15,000 people and it was built in 2007. Malwee/Jaraguá plays its home matches at the stadium.  UFC on FX: Belfort vs. Rockhold took place at the arena on May 18, 2013.
Polvadero Gap
Polvadero Gap, at an elevation of 554 ft (169 m), is a gap in Fresno County, California.

The name "Polvadero" is derived from the Spanish word meaning "dusty". The gap was so named from the frequent dust storms there.

Fresno County, California
Fresno County (/ˈfrɛznoʊ/ ⓘ), officially the County of Fresno, is located in the central portion of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 1,008,654. The county seat is Fresno, the fifth-most populous city in California. Fresno County comprises the Fresno, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is part of the Fresno–Madera, CA Combined Statistical Area. It is located in the Central Valley, south of Stockton and north of Bakersfield. Since 2010, statewide droughts in California have further strained both Fresno County's and the entire Central Valley's water security.
Miguel Cabel Moreno
Miguel Cabel Moreno is a Filipino chef, restaurateur, and cultural advocate known for championing the cuisine of his native Tausug heritage and the Zambasulta (Zamboanga, Basilan, Sulu, and Tawi-Tawi) Region of Southern Mindanao. He is the founder of Palm Grill, a restaurant in Luzon specializing in Southern Mindanaoan cuisine, and co-founder of Cabel Filipino Heritage Restaurant.

Moreno's work includes children's literature and media appearances, aimed at preserving heirloom recipes and challenging negative stereotypes associated with his home region.

Best Ever Food Review Show
Best Ever Food Review Show is a YouTube food and travel channel created by American filmmaker Will Sonbuchner (born August 22, 1984), alias Sonny Side. The production team is based in Vietnam and films episodes globally. In 2020, the channel won a Webby Award for "People's Voice: Viral Video of The Year" and the Webby Official Honoree for Food & Drink. As of December 2025, the channel has 11.9 million subscribers.
Full Metal Village
Full Metal Village is a 2006 documentary film about the lives of the residents of a small village in the German state of Schleswig-Holstein, Wacken, in a series of interviews and visual tableaux as it prepares for the annual Wacken Open Air Festival. Taglined "Ein Heimatfilm", the director Cho Sung-Hyung explores the relationship of the 1,800 resident townsfolk and the brief annual influx of 70,000 metal music enthusiasts who attend the open-air concert.

Notable scenes of the film are elderly villagers who confess to have 'heard' that the concert-goers worship Satan, and over-enthusiastic concert-goers headbanging to the traditional regional anthem played by a local fire department band to open the festival.

Heimatfilm
Heimatfilme (German pronunciation: [ˈhaɪmaːtˌfɪlmə], German for "homeland-films"; German singular: Heimatfilm) were films of a genre popular in West Germany, Switzerland, and Austria from the late 1940s to the early 1960s. Heimat can be translated as "home" (in the geographic sense), "hometown" or "homeland".
Simon Hinton
Simon David Hinton (born 21 March 1968) is a New Zealand former cricketer. He played one first-class match for Otago during the 1994–95 season.

Hinton was born at Clyde in Central Otago in 1968. He played for Central Otago in the Hawke Cup between 1994–95 and 1996–97. His only first-class match was a March 1995 fixture against Auckland at Carisbrook. Primarily a bowler, Hinton took two wickets in the match. He played for Otago's Second XI in both 1994–95 and 1996–97.

Carisbrook
Carisbrook (sometimes incorrectly referred to as Carisbrook Stadium) was a major sporting venue in Dunedin, New Zealand. The city's main domestic and international rugby union venue, it was also used for other sports such as cricket, football, rugby league and motocross. In 1922, Carisbrook hosted the first international football match between Australia and New Zealand. The hosts won 3–1.

Carisbrook also hosted a Joe Cocker concert and frequently hosted pre-game concerts before rugby matches in the 1990s. In 2011 Carisbrook was closed, and was replaced as a rugby ground by Forsyth Barr Stadium in North Dunedin, and as a cricket ground by University Oval in Logan Park.
2014–15 South West Peninsula League
The 2014–15 South West Peninsula League season was the eighth in the history of the South West Peninsula League, a football competition in England, that feeds the Premier Division of the Western Football League. The league had been formed in 2007 from the merger of the Devon County League and the South Western League, and is restricted to clubs based in Cornwall and Devon. The Premier Division of the South West Peninsula League is on the same level of the National League System as the Western League Division One.

National League System (football)
The National League System comprises the six levels of the English football league system immediately below the level of the English Football League. It comes under the jurisdiction of the Football Association. The National League System has a hierarchical format with promotion and relegation between leagues at different levels. For details of leagues above and below the National League System, see the English football league system.

The system underwent a rearrangement from 2004 to 2008 and was rearranged again in 2018. Phase one went into operation in 2004–05. At the start of the 2006–07 season, phase two was introduced, and a further phase three started from 2007–08 with the starting of a second Step 4 league in the north of England. Phase four took effect in 2018–19. Ahead of the 2020–21 season, Step 7 was abolished, being replaced by feeder leagues overseen by local county FAs.
Metalloproteinase
A metalloproteinase, or metalloprotease, is any protease enzyme whose catalytic mechanism involves a metal.  An example is ADAM12 which plays a significant role in the fusion of muscle cells during embryo development, in a process known as myogenesis.

Most metalloproteases require zinc, but some use cobalt. The metal ion is coordinated to the protein via three ligands. The ligands coordinating the metal ion can vary with histidine, glutamate, aspartate, lysine, and arginine. The fourth coordination position is taken up by a labile water molecule.

Treatment with chelating agents such as EDTA leads to complete inactivation. EDTA is a metal chelator that removes zinc, which is essential for activity. They are also inhibited by the chelator orthophenanthroline.

Histidine
Histidine (symbol His or H) is an essential amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an α-amino group (which is in the protonated –NH3+ form under biological conditions), a carboxylic acid group (which is in the deprotonated –COO− form under biological conditions), and an imidazole side chain (which is partially protonated), classifying it as a positively charged amino acid at physiological pH. Initially thought essential only for infants, it has now been shown in longer-term studies to be essential for adults also. It is encoded by the codons CAU and CAC.

Histidine was first isolated by Albrecht Kossel and Sven Gustaf Hedin in 1896. The name stems from its discovery in tissue, from ἱστός histós "tissue". It is also a precursor to histamine, a vital inflammatory agent in immune responses. The acyl radical is histidyl.
Cryo-Cell International
Cryo-Cell International, Inc. is a cord blood bank. It was founded by Dan Richard in 1989. Cryo-Cell International is the first private cord blood bank to separate and store stem cells. Cryo-Cell is headquartered outside of Tampa, in Oldsmar, Florida. In January 1997, the Company's stock began trading on the NASDAQ Small Cap market under symbol CCEL.

Oldsmar, Florida
Oldsmar is a city in Pinellas County, Florida, United States. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 14,898. The Oldsmar name dates to April 12, 1916, when automobile pioneer Ransom E. Olds purchased 37,541 acres (151.92 km2) of land north of Tampa Bay to establish a planned community.
Shea Cowart
Shea Cowart is an American sprinter and winner of two gold medals at the 2000 Summer Paralympics.

At age six she contracted meningococcemia, which resulted in both of her legs being amputated below the knee. At the 2000 Summer Paralympics, she won a gold medal and broke the world record in the women's T44 class 100 m race, and won another gold in the T44 200 m event.

2000 Summer Paralympics
The 2000 Summer Paralympic Games or the XI Summer Paralympics were held in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, between 18 and 29 October. The Sydney Paralympics was the last time that the Summer Paralympics were organised by two different Organizing Committees. In this edition, a record 3,801 athletes from 123 National Paralympic Committees participated in 551 events in 18 sports. The 2000 Summer Paralympics were the second largest sporting event ever until that date held in Australia and in the Southern Hemisphere. Sydney was the eighth city to jointly host the Olympic and Paralympic Games. However, it was only the fourth to jointly organise both events in complete conjunction with the Olympics. This edition was also the first time that the Paralympics were held in Australia and Oceania.
Anderl Molterer
Andreas "Anderl" Molterer (8 October 1931 – 24 October 2023) was an Austrian alpine skier. He was born in Kitzbühel.

At the 1956 Winter Olympics in Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy he won silver in the giant slalom, and bronze in the downhill competition. In 1953, 1955, 1958, and 1959 he won the Hahnenkamm Race in Kitzbühel. There was no skiing world cup in these times, but Molterer most likely would have won it in 1953, 1955, 1956, and 1958. Molterer later emigrated to the United States. After running ski schools in Montana and Colorado, he settled in Tennessee.

Molterer died on 24 October 2023, at the age of 92.

Downhill (ski competition)
Downhill is a form of alpine skiing competition. Whereas the other alpine skiing events (slalom, giant slalom, super giant slalom, and combined) emphasize turning and technique, downhill emphasizes "the six components of technique, courage, speed, risk, physical condition and judgement", according to the FIS "International Ski Competition Rules (ICR)". Speeds of up to 130 km/h (81 mph) are common in international competition. Athletes must have an aerodynamically efficient tuck position to minimize drag and increase speed.

The term, "downhill skiing", is also used as a synonym for alpine skiing as a recreational activity.
Hermann von Hanneken (chess player)
Bernhard August Karl Hermann von Hanneken (2 February 1810 – 6 September 1886) was a German chess player.

He was a Prussian general who analysed in Schachzeitung in 1850 the line 1.e4 e5 2.f4 exf4 3.Lc4 Sf6 (the Cozio Defence to the King's Gambit).

He lost a match to Augustus Mongredien (+1 –3 =2) at Berlin 1845, tied for 3rd-5th at Düsseldorf 1862 (the 2nd WDSB Congress, Max Lange won), and took 4th at Wiesbaden 1871 (Carl Göring won).

DSB Congress
The Deutscher Schachbund (DSB) was founded in Leipzig on 18 July, 1877. When the next meeting took place in the Schützenhaus on 15 July 1879, sixty-two clubs had become member of the chess federation. Hofrat Rudolf von Gottschall became Chairman and Hermann Zwanziger the General Secretary. Twelve players participated in the master tournament of Leipzig 1879.
Verba (band)
Verba is a Polish band from Piła formed in 1997. It originated from the pop music group Squad Centralny. At first Bartek and Ignacy represented different music styles such as (techno, house, elektro and jungle). Later they became fascinated with hip-hop, at which point they began composing hip-hop music with Rap elements. Bartek took care of composing the songs, while at first Ignacy wrote the lyrics. Later, both of them attended to the lyrics. rap became a prevailing characteristic of their compositions and hip-hop took second stage.

The band influenced other Polish rap artists with similar styles like Ascetoholix, Jeden Osiem L, Mezo, Owal and 52 Dębiec some years ago. The first major label album 'Ósmy marca' (they also have three demo CDs 'at account') increased the popularity of the band. Until now the duo has released six albums (four studio albums and two compilations) as well as nine video clips. They have also won a lot of awards.

Music genre
A music genre is a conventional category that identifies some pieces of music as belonging to a shared tradition or set of conventions. Genre is to be distinguished from musical form and musical style, although in practice these terms are sometimes used interchangeably.

Music can be divided into genres in numerous ways, sometimes broadly and with polarity, e.g., popular music as opposed to art music or folk music, or, as another example, religious music and secular music. Often, however, classification draws on the proliferation of derivative subgenres, fusion genres, and microgenres that has started to accrue, e.g., screamo, country pop, and mumble rap, respectively. The artistic nature of music means that these classifications are often subjective and controversial, and some may overlap. As genres evolve, novel music is sometimes lumped into existing categories.
Florence Barrett
Florence Elizabeth, Lady Barrett, CH, CBE, FRSM (née Perry; 18 February 1867 – 7 August 1945) was a consultant surgeon at the Mothers' Hospital in Clapton and the Royal Free Hospital in London. She served as president of the Medical Women's Federation, as joint vice-president of the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Section of the British Medical Association and president of the Medical Women’s International Association, as well as being a council member of the Eugenics Society. She was a gynaecologist, obstetrician and eugenicist.

Society for Psychical Research
The Society for Psychical Research (SPR) is a nonprofit organisation in the United Kingdom. Its stated purpose is to understand events and abilities commonly described as psychic or paranormal. It describes itself as the "first society to conduct organised scholarly research into human experiences that challenge contemporary scientific models." It does not, however, since its inception in 1882, hold any corporate opinions: SPR members assert a variety of beliefs with regard to the nature of the phenomena studied.