hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
France in the early modern period
During the early modern period, from the Renaissance (c. 1500–1550) to the Revolution (1789–1804), the Kingdom of France was a monarchy ruled by the House of Bourbon (a Capetian cadet branch). This corresponds to the so-called Ancien Régime ("old rule"). The territory of France during this period increased until it included essentially the extent of the modern country, and it also included the territories of the first French colonial empire overseas.

The period is dominated by the figure of the "Sun King", Louis XIV (his reign of 1643–1715 being one of the longest in history), who managed to eliminate the remnants of medieval feudalism and established a centralized state under an absolute monarch, a system that would endure until the French Revolution and beyond.

Roussillon
Roussillon (UK: /ˈruːsijɒn/ ROO-see-yon, US: /ˌruːsiˈjoʊn/ ROO-see-YOHN, French: [ʁusijɔ̃] ⓘ; Catalan: Rosselló [rusəˈʎo] ⓘ, locally [rusiˈʎu]; Occitan: Rosselhon [ruseˈʎu]) was a historical province of France that largely corresponded to the County of Roussillon and part of the County of Cerdagne of the former Principality of Catalonia. It is part of the region of Northern Catalonia or French Catalonia (the former used by Catalan-speakers and the latter used by French-speakers), corresponding roughly to the present-day southern French département of Pyrénées-Orientales (with Roussillon, Upper Cerdagne, Capcir, Vallespir, Conflent, and Fenouillèdes) in the former region of Languedoc-Roussillon (today Occitanie).
HSwMS Thule
Thule has been the name of at least two ships of the Swedish Navy:

HSwMS Thule (1893), was a Swedish coastal defence ship that was launched on 4 March 1893.

HSwMS Thule (1951), was a Swedish icebreaker launched in 1951 and deleted from records in 1998.

HSwMS Thule (1893)
HSwMS Thule was a Svea-class coastal defence ship of the Royal Swedish Navy.

Thule was launched on 4 March 1893 at Bergsunds Yard in Stockholm. She displaced 3,150 tons, had a LPP of 79.5 metres (261 ft) and a beam of 14.6 metres (48 ft). Thule was propelled by a two-cylinder steam engine which gave her a speed of 16 knots (30 km/h; 18 mph). She was struck from service in 1928, and broken up in 1933.
Madill
Madill can refer to:

Places:

Madill, Oklahoma

People:

Ellwood Madill (1915–1999), Canadian politician

Frank Madill (Canadian politician) (1852–1895)

Frank Madill (Australian politician) (born 1941), Tasmanian politician

Henry J. Madill (1829–?), US Army colonel

Jeff Madill (born 1965), Canadian ice hockey player

Luke Madill (born 1980), Australian BMX cyclist

Maureen Madill (born 1958), Irish golfer and broadcaster

Mike Madill (born 1982), Canadian ice hockey player

Luke Madill
Luke Madill (born 28 May 1980 in Sydney) is an Australian BMX cyclist who was selected to compete at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. As preparation for the Olympics, Madill built a replica of the Beijing BMX course on his property at Cranebrook in western Sydney.
Madill often goes by the nickname "Dr Smooth", due to his speed and smoothness in all aspects of racing. Madill attended the primary school Samuel Terry Public School.
Cavanagh, Edmonton
Cavanagh is a neighbourhood in southwest Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. The neighbourhood is named after Terry Cavanagh, former Edmonton city councillor and Edmonton's first native-born mayor.

Cavanagh is located within the Heritage Valley area and was the original Heritage Valley Neighbourhood 7B within Heritage Valley Servicing Concept Design Brief (SCDB).

It is bounded by the Allard and Callaghan neighbourhoods to the west across Blackmud Creek, the Blackmud Creek neighbourhood to the north across Blackmud Creek, the Cashman neighbourhood to the northeast, Calgary Trail and Gateway Boulevard to the east, and Leduc County to the south.

Terry Cavanagh (politician)
Terence James Cavanagh (/ˈkævənɑː/ KAV-ə-nah; July 19, 1926 – December 17, 2017) was a Canadian politician, municipal councillor in Edmonton, Alberta, who served as mayor. He was Edmonton's first native-born mayor.
Solodke, Polohy Raion, Zaporizhzhia Oblast
Solodke (Ukrainian: Солодке) is a village (a selo) in the Polohy Raion (district) of Zaporizhzhia Oblast in southern Ukraine. It is part of Huliaipole urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.

Until 18 July 2020, Solodke belonged to Huliaipole Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Zaporizhzhia Oblast to five. The area of Huliaipole Raion was merged into Polohy Raion. On 11 November 2025, the village was captured by Russian forces.

Polohy Raion
Polohy Raion (Ukrainian: Пологівський район) is one of the five raions (districts) of Zaporizhzhia Oblast in southern Ukraine. The administrative center of the region is the town of Polohy. Population: 163,641 (2022 estimate).

On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Zaporizhzhia Oblast was reduced to five, and the area of Polohy Raion was significantly expanded. The January 2020 estimate of the raion population was 38,636 (2020 est.).
Unser Bier
Unser Bier is a small local brewery in Basel, Switzerland.

Unser Bier is most widely known for its amber beer, a simple lager. They also produce a wheat beer (Weizen) and a pale ale (Natur Blond) and a dark porter style beer (Schwarz Bier), as well as a number of specialty and seasonal beers such as a Christmas beer and the "Meister" beer, produced when the FC Basel football team wins the national championship. 2010 the brewery moved to the Gundeldinger Feld and invested 5 million Swiss francs to enlarge its capacity and for a new bottling station.

On May 6, 2006, Unser Bier become the biggest brewery in Basel following the merger of Ziegelhof with Eichhof.

FC Basel
Fussball Club Basel 1893, widely known as FC Basel, FCB, or just Basel, is a Swiss professional football club based in Basel, in the Canton of Basel-Stadt. Formed in 1893, the club has been Swiss national champions 21 times, Swiss Cup winners 14 times, and Swiss League Cup winners once.

Basel competed in UEFA competitions for 25 consecutive seasons between 1999–2000 and 2023–2024. They have qualified for the group stage of the Champions League more times than any other Swiss club – a total of seven times – and are the only Swiss club to have ever qualified to the said phase directly. In 2021, they set the new record for a Swiss team with the most successful international group stage campaign by reaching 14 points in their Europa Conference League group. Since 2001, the club has played its home games at St. Jakob-Park, built on the site of their previous home, St. Jakob Stadium. Their home colours are red and blue, leading to a nickname of RotBlau.
Wielkie Walichnowy
Wielkie Walichnowy [ˈvjɛlkʲɛ valixˈnɔvɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gniew, within Tczew County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It is located in the ethnocultural region of Kociewie in the historical region of Pomerania.

Kociewie
Kociewie is an ethnocultural region in the eastern part of Tuchola Forest, in northern Poland, Pomerania, that is inhabited by the Kociewians. Its cultural capital is Starogard Gdański, the biggest town is Tczew, while other major towns include Świecie, and Pelplin. The region has about 250,000 inhabitants. It has well-developed industry and agriculture. Administratively, it is divided between the Pomeranian and Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeships.

Kociewie is bordered by the Chełmno Land in the south, Powiśle in the east, Kashubia and Żuławy Wiślane in the north, and other parts of historic Pomerania in the west.
Jenkins Glacier
Jenkins Glacier (54°46′S 36°7′W﻿ / ﻿54.767°S 36.117°W﻿ / -54.767; -36.117) is a glacier close south of Risting Glacier, flowing east into the head of Drygalski Fjord in the southeastern part of South Georgia. The glacier was named for Erich von Drygalski by the Second German Antarctic Expedition, 1911–12, under Wilhelm Filchner. To avoid duplication with Drygalski Glacier in Graham Land, also named for Erich von Drygalski, a new name was proposed in 1957 by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee. Jenkins Glacier is named for James Travis Jenkins, author of A History of the Whale Fisheries and Bibliography of Whaling.

Drygalski Fjord
Drygalski Fjord is a bay 1 mile (1.6 km) wide which recedes northwestwards 7 miles (11 km), entered immediately north of Nattriss Head along the southeast coast of South Georgia. It was charted by the Second German Antarctic Expedition, 1911–12, under Wilhelm Filchner, and named for Professor Erich von Drygalski, the leader of the First German Antarctica Expedition, 1901–03.

According to L. Harrison Matthews, Drygalski Fjord might have been the place where Anthony de la Roché spent two weeks during his stay in the island in April 1675.
Congenital contractural arachnodactyly in cattle
Congenital contractural arachnodactyly (CA), also known as fawn calf syndrome, is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder in cattle. The disorder affects the connective tissue of muscles, leading to contracture of the upper limb (most obvious in the hind limbs), and laxity of the joints of the lower limbs. CA affects Angus cattle, and associated breeds such as Murray Greys. The mutation which causes this defect is a deletion on bovine chromosome 21.

Bovine genome
The genome of a female Hereford cow was published in 2009. It was sequenced by the Bovine Genome Sequencing and Analysis Consortium, a team of researchers led by the National Institutes of Health and the U.S. Department of Agriculture. It was part of an effort to improve livestock breeding and at the time was one of the largest genomes ever sequenced.
Government Polytechnic, Ambikapur
Government Polytechnic Ambikapur is a Government-run Technical Institute located in Ambikapur, Chhattisgarh, India. Established in 1982, it is one of the oldest technical institute in Chhattisgarh (erstwhile Madhya Pradesh). It is affiliated to Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekanand Technical University, Bhilai.

Ambikapur, Chhattisgarh
Ambikapur is a city and headquarters of Surguja district in the Indian state of Chhattisgarh. It is one of the oldest cities in the state, in east-central India. Ambikapur is also the divisional headquarters of Surguja Division which consists of the six districts of Surguja, Korea, Manendragarh, Balrampur, Surajpur and Jashpur.

Ambikapur was the capital of the Princely state of Surguja before Indian Independence. The name of the city is derived from the Hindu goddess Ambika (Mahamaya) Devi, who is the central figure of worship for the Hindus in the area. The area under Ambikapur Municipal Corporation is 35.360 km2.
Saint-Gérard-Majella, Lanaudière, Quebec
Saint-Gérard-Majella (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ ʒeʁaʁ maʒɛla]) is a village and former parish municipality in the Lanaudière region of Quebec.  On 1 July 2000 it merged into L'Assomption, Quebec. Earlier, on 24 May 2000, parts of its territory had been annexed to Crabtree and to Saint-Paul.

Lanaudière
Lanaudière (French pronunciation: [lanodjɛʁ], locally [lanod͡zjaɛ̯ʁ]) is one of the seventeen administrative regions of Quebec, Canada, situated immediately to the northeast of Montreal. It has a total population (2016 Census) of 494,796 inhabitants, an increase of 4.9% over the 2011 census.
Teller Brothers–Reed Tobacco Historic District
The Teller Brothers–Reed Tobacco Historic District is an historic, American cigar factory and tobacco warehouse complex and national historic district located in Lancaster, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.

Lancaster County, Pennsylvania
Lancaster County (/ˈlæŋkɪstər/), sometimes nicknamed the Garden Spot of America or Pennsylvania Dutch Country, is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, United States.

As of the 2020 census, the population was 552,984, making it Pennsylvania's sixth-most populous county. Its county seat is also Lancaster. Lancaster County comprises the Lancaster metropolitan statistical area. Lancaster County is a tourist destination with its Amish community being a major attraction. The ancestors of the Amish began to immigrate to colonial Pennsylvania in the early 18th century to take advantage of the religious freedom offered by William Penn, as well as the area's rich soil and mild climate. They were joined by French Huguenots fleeing the religious persecution of Louis XIV. There were also significant numbers of English, Welsh and Ulster Scots (also known as the Scotch-Irish in the colonies). The county is part of the South Central region of the commonwealth.
2013 CIS Women's Volleyball Championship
The 2013 CIS Women's Volleyball Championship was held February 28, 2013 to March 2, 2013, in Sherbrooke, Quebec, to determine a national champion for the 2012–13 CIS women's volleyball season. The tournament was played at the Univestrie Pavilion at the Université de Sherbrooke. It was the second time that Sherbrooke had hosted the tournament with the first time occurring in 1988.

The gold medal match featured a rematch of the previous year's final, which had not occurred since the 1995 and 1996 games between the Pandas and the Rouge et Or. In this match, the top-seeded UBC Thunderbirds won their sixth consecutive national championship in their 3–0 match victory over the Alberta Pandas. This tied the record for consecutive national championships with the Winnipeg Wesmen (1983-1988) and Alberta Pandas (1995-2000). The Thunderbirds finished the season on a 25-game winning streak and the gold medal win was the program's CIS-leading 10th national championship.

Alberta Golden Bears and Pandas
The Alberta Golden Bears and Pandas are the sports teams that represent the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Alberta athletics teams have won a total of 101 national championships, including 84 in U Sports sanctioned sports, making it one of the most successful programs in the country.
Brisbane County
Brisbane County was one of the original Nineteen Counties in New South Wales and is now one of the 141 cadastral divisions of New South Wales. It includes Scone, Merriwa and Murrurundi. The Goulburn River is the boundary to the south and the Hunter River the boundary to the south-east. The Liverpool Range area is the boundary to the north, and the Krui River the boundary to the west.

Brisbane County was named in honour of Sir Thomas Makdougall Brisbane Governor (1773–1860). The Electoral district of Phillip, Brisbane and Bligh was the first electoral district for the area, between 1856 and 1859.

Hunter River (New South Wales)
The Hunter River (Wonnarua: Coquun) is a major river in New South Wales, Australia. The Hunter River rises in the Liverpool Range and flows generally south and then east, reaching the Tasman Sea at Newcastle, the second largest city in New South Wales and a major harbour port. Its lower reaches form an open and trained mature wave dominated barrier estuary.
Katharine Bulbulia
Katharine Bulbulia (née O'Carroll; born 1943) is a former politician from County Waterford in Ireland. She was a Fine Gael senator from 1981 to 1989, and subsequently joined the Progressive Democrats (PDs), serving from 1997 to 2006 as a senior aide to the party's leader.

She is a former director of the Crisis Pregnancy Agency, a government-sponsored body planning and co-ordinating body established to formulate and implement a strategy to address the issue of crisis pregnancy in Ireland. She was also a member of the AWEPA Governing Council.

Seanad Éireann
53°20′26″N 6°15′14″W﻿ / ﻿53.34055°N 6.254021°W﻿ / 53.34055; -6.254021
Seanad Éireann (/ˈʃænəd ˈɛərən, ˈʃænəð/ ⓘ SHAN-əd(h) AIR-ən; Irish: [ˈʃan̪ˠəd̪ˠ ˈeːɾʲən̪ˠ]; "Senate of Ireland") is the upper house of the Oireachtas (the Irish legislature), which also comprises the President of Ireland and Dáil Éireann (the lower house).

It is commonly called the Seanad or Senate and its members are known as senators (Irish: seanadóirí, singular: seanadóir). Unlike Dáil Éireann, it is not directly elected but consists of a mixture of members chosen by various methods. Its powers are much weaker than those of the Dáil and it can only delay laws with which it disagrees, rather than veto them outright. It can introduce new legislation. Since its establishment, it has been located in Leinster House.
2019 Las Vegas Challenger – Doubles
Marcelo Arévalo and Roberto Maytín were the defending champions but chose to defend their title with different partners. Arévalo partnered Miguel Ángel Reyes-Varela but lost in the first round to Ruben Gonzales and Ruan Roelofse. Maytín partnered Robert Galloway but lost in the first round to Nathan Pasha and Max Schnur.

Gonzales and Roelofse won the title after defeating Pasha and Schnur 2–6, 6–3, [10–8] in the final.

Miguel Ángel Reyes-Varela
Miguel Ángel Reyes-Varela Martínez (Spanish pronunciation: [miˈɣel ˈaŋxel ˈreʝes βaˈɾela]; born June 21, 1987) is a Mexican professional tennis player who specializes in doubles. He has a career-high ATP doubles ranking of world No. 49 achieved on 20 August 2018 and a career-high ATP singles ranking is No. 400 achieved on 17 June 2013. He has won two doubles ATP titles and has played multiple seasons of the Davis Cup, including on the 2011 Mexican Davis Cup squad.
Osmanthus fragrans
Osmanthus fragrans (lit. 'fragrant osmanthus') is a species of flowering plant in the family Oleaceae. In English, it is sometimes referred to by the common names sweet osmanthus, sweet olive, tea olive, and fragrant olive. It is native to Assam, Cambodia, China, the Himalayas, Hainan, Japan, Myanmar, Taiwan, Nepal, Thailand, and Vietnam. In China it grows in the provinces of Guizhou, Sichuan, Hainan , and Yunnan.

In China, it is the "city flower" of the cities of Hangzhou, Zhejiang; Suzhou, Jiangsu; and Guilin, Guangxi. In Japan, it is the "city tree" of Kitanagoya, Aichi Prefecture; Kashima, Saga Prefecture; Beppu, Ōita Prefecture; and the "town tree" of Yoshitomi, Fukuoka Prefecture.

Kashima, Saga
Kashima (鹿島市, Kashima-shi) is a city located in the southern part of Saga Prefecture on the island of Kyushu, Japan. As of 31 May 2024, the city had an estimated population of 27,360 in 10949 households, and a  population density of 240 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 112.12 km2 (43.29 sq mi).
Ashton Stevens
Ashton P. Stevens (August 11, 1872 – July 12, 1951) was an American journalist regarded as the dean of American drama critics. His newspaper column appeared in The San Francisco Examiner and later in the Chicago Herald-American. He was a theater critic for the Hearst Newspapers for 50 years, 40 of them in Chicago.

Theatre criticism
Theatre criticism is a genre of arts criticism, and the act of writing or speaking about the performing arts such as a play or opera.

Theatre criticism is distinct from drama criticism, as the latter is a division of literary criticism whereas the former is a critique of the theatrical performance. Dramas or plays as long as they stay in the print form remain a part of literature. They become a part of the performing arts as soon as the written words of the drama are transformed into performance on the stage or any arena suitable for viewers to see. So the literary craft gives birth to a stage production. Likewise a criticism of a written play has a different character from that of a theatre performance.
Haverhill Gazette
The Haverhill Gazette (est. 1821) is a weekly newspaper in Haverhill, Massachusetts, owned by Community Newspaper Holdings Inc. of Montgomery, Alabama. For at least part of its history, it was a daily. In 1998 the paper was bought by the Eagle Tribune Company and converted to a weekly. In 2005 it was bought by Community Newspaper Holdings.  The publisher is John Celestino, who oversees the Haverhill Gazette and its sister papers in the North of Boston Media Group.

CNHI
CNHI, LLC (an abbreviation of its original name, Community Newspaper Holdings, Inc.) is an American publisher of newspapers and advertising-related publications throughout the United States. The company was formed in 1997 by Ralph Martin, and is based in Montgomery, Alabama (after moving from Birmingham, Alabama in September 2011). The company is financed by, and is a subsidiary of, the Retirement Systems of Alabama (RSA).
Lot in Sodom
Lot in Sodom is a 1933 short silent and experimental film directed by James Sibley Watson and Melville Webber. The film stars Friedrich Haak, Hildegarde Watson, Dorothea Haus and Lewis Whitbeck.

The premise of the film is loosely based on the nineteenth chapter of Genesis, the biblical tale of the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah. The film deals with themes of gay male desire and heteronormative prohibition, and uses quotes from the Bible for the intertitles. It was the first American film made on the subject of Sodom and Gomorrah, and is considered part of the first American avant-garde cinema.

Intertitle
In films and videos, an intertitle, also known as a title card, is a piece of filmed, printed text edited into the midst of (hence, inter-) the photographed action at various points. Intertitles used to convey character dialogue are referred to as "dialogue intertitles", and those used to provide related descriptive/narrative material are referred to as "expository intertitles". In modern usage, the terms refer to similar text and logo material inserted at or near the start or end of films and television shows.
Juan Amorós
Juan Amorós (10 June 1936 – 16 November 2016) was a Spanish cinematographer. His career spanned five decades and in 1990 he was nominated for a Goya Award for Best Cinematography for Esquilache. In 1992 he won the Cinema Writers Circle Award for Best Cinematography for Las cartas de Alou. He died in Madrid on 16 November 2016, at the age of 80.

Goya Awards
The Goya Awards (Spanish: Premios Goya) are Spain's main national annual film awards. They are presented by the Academy of Cinematographic Arts and Sciences of Spain.

The first ceremony was held in 1987, a year after the founding of the Academy of Cinematographic Arts and Sciences, at the Teatro Lope de Vega in Madrid. They have since been also held in other Spanish cities (Barcelona, Seville, Málaga, Valencia, Valladolid, and Granada).
Borek Strzeliński
Borek Strzeliński [ˈbɔrɛk stʂɛˈliɲski] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Borów, within Strzelin County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.

Borek was first mentioned as juxta Borech in an 1155 deed. About 1234 Henry I the Bearded, Duke of Wrocław granted it to the Bishopric of Lebus. When the Bishopric was secularized in 1598, its estates fell to the Margraviate of Brandenburg, including Borek which became an exclave surrounded by the Silesian lands of the Habsburg monarchy. After the Peace of Breslau in 1742 it was incorporated into the Kingdom of Prussia.

After World War II Borek became part of Poland under the terms of the Potsdam Agreement.

Diocese of Lebus
The Diocese of Lebus (Latin: Dioecesis Lubucensis; German: Bistum Lebus; Polish: Diecezja Lubuska) is a former diocese of the Catholic Church. It was erected in 1125 and suppressed in 1598. The Bishop of Lebus was also, ex officio, the ruler of a lordship that was coextensive with the territory of the diocese. The geographic remit included areas that are today part of the land of Brandenburg in Germany and the Province of Lubusz in Poland. It included areas on both sides of the Oder River around the town of Lebus (Polish: Lubusz). The cathedral was built on the castle hill in Lubusz and was dedicated to St Adalbert of Prague. Later, the seat moved to Górzyca (German: Göritz), back to Lebus and finally to Fürstenwalde (Polish: Przybór) on the River Spree.

It bordered the Diocese of Poznań to the east, the Diocese of Brandenburg to the west, the Diocese of Cammin (Kamień) to the north and the Diocese of Meissen to the south.