hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Protocol 12 to the European Convention on Human Rights
Protocol No. 12 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (ETS No. 177) is an anti-discrimination treaty of the Council of Europe. It was adopted on November 4, 2000, in Rome and entered into force on April 1, 2005, after tenth ratification. As of January 2026, it has been ratified by 20 states (of the 46 CoE member states).

Ratification
Ratification is a principal's legal confirmation of an act of its agent. In international law, ratification is the process by which a state declares its consent to be bound to a treaty. In the case of bilateral treaties, ratification is usually accomplished by exchanging the requisite instruments, and in the case of multilateral treaties, the usual procedure is for the depositary to collect the ratifications of all states, keeping all parties informed of the situation.

The institution of ratification grants states the necessary time-frame to seek the required approval for the treaty on the domestic level and to enact the necessary legislation to give domestic effect to that treaty. The term applies to private contract law, international treaties, and constitutions in federal states such as the United States and Canada. The term is also used in parliamentary procedure in deliberative assemblies.
Porsche Carrera GT
The Porsche Carrera GT (Project Code 980) is a mid-engine sports car that was manufactured by German automobile manufacturer Porsche from 2003 to 2006. Sports Car International named the Carrera GT number one on its list of Top Sports Cars of the 2000s, and number eight on its Top Sports Cars of All Time list. For its advanced technology and development of its chassis, Popular Science magazine awarded it the "Best of What's New" award in 2003.

Popular Science
Popular Science (also known as PopSci) is an American popular science website, covering science and technology topics geared toward general readers. Popular Science has won over 58 awards, including the American Society of Magazine Editors awards for its journalistic excellence in 2003 (for General Excellence), 2004 (for Best Magazine Section), and 2019 (for Single-Topic Issue). Its print magazine, which ran from 1872 to 2020, was translated into over 30 languages and distributed to at least 45 countries. In 2021, Popular Science switched to an all-digital format and abandoned the magazine format in 2023.
Alsophila everta
Alsophila everta, synonym Cyathea everta, is a species of tree fern native to western New Guinea, where it grows in the edges of forest or in mossy forest at an altitude of 1400–2800 m. The trunk is erect and up to 5 m tall. Fronds are bi- or tripinnate and 1–1.5 m long. Numerous fronds are present at any one time and form a dense crown. The stipe has some spines towards the base and is covered in scales. The scales are pale or dark, glossy and have pale fringed edges. Sori occur near the fertile pinnule midvein. They are round and covered by thin, brown indusia that are cup-like in appearance.

The closest relative of A. everta is thought to be Alsophila rigens. Further study is needed to determine whether these two taxa represent the same species or not. If this is the case, the name A. rigens takes priority.

Cyatheales
The order Cyatheales, which includes most tree ferns, is a taxonomic order of the fern class, Polypodiopsida. No clear morphological features characterize all of the Cyatheales, but DNA sequence data indicate the order is monophyletic. Some species in the Cyatheales have tree-like growth forms from a vertical rhizome, others have shorter or horizontal expanding rhizomes.

Some species have scales on the stems and leaves, while others have hairs. However, most plants in the Cyatheales are tree ferns and have trunk-like stems up to 10 metres (33 ft) tall. It is unclear how many times the tree form has evolved and been lost in the order.
Schulting
Schulting is a Dutch surname.

People with this surname:

Dennis Schulting, Dutch philosopher

Harry Schulting (born 1956), Dutch track and field athlete

Peter Schulting (born 1987), Dutch cyclist

Suzanne Schulting (born 1997), Dutch short track speed skater

Harry Schulting
Hermanus Richardus Johannes "Harry" Schulting (born 14 February 1956) is a Dutch former middle-distance runner and hurdler.

Schulting won a gold medal on the 400 m hurdles at the 1979 Summer Universiade in Mexico City in 48.44 seconds, a time that is still (as of 2022) the Dutch national record. At these games he also won a silver medal with the 4 × 400 m relay team. Schulting competed in the 1980 Summer Olympics on the 400 m, 4 × 400 m and the 400 m hurdling, but only reached the semifinals in the latter event.
Regiment Langenhoven
Regiment Langenhoven was a motorised infantry regiment of the South African Army. It formed part of the South African Army Infantry Formation. As a reserve unit, it had a status roughly equivalent to that of a present-day British Army Reserve or United States Army National Guard unit.

Army National Guard
The Army National Guard (ARNG) is an organized militia force and a federal military reserve force of the United States Army. It is simultaneously part of two different organizations: the Militia of the United States (consisting of the ARNG of each state, most territories, and Washington D.C.), as well as the federal ARNG, as part of the National Guard as a whole (which includes the Air National Guard). It is divided into subordinate units stationed in each state or insular area, responsible to their respective governors or other head-of-government.

The Guard's origins are usually traced to the city of Salem, Massachusetts, in 1636. That year a regiment of militia drilled for the first time to defend a multi-community area within what is now the United States.
North Tweedsmuir Island
North Tweedsmuir Island is one of the Canadian arctic islands located in Foxe Basin, separated from the southwest coast of Baffin Island by Clarke Sound. It is part of the Qikiqtaaluk Region of Nunavut, Canada. Foley Island is to the west and South Tweedsmuir Island is to the south.

North Tweedsmuir Island is uninhabited and its temperatures are extremely cold. The island is named after John Buchan, 1st Baron Tweedsmuir.

Baffin Island
Baffin Island (formerly Baffin Land and also James Island), in the Canadian territory of Nunavut, is the largest island in Canada, the second-largest island in the Americas (behind Greenland), and the fifth-largest island in the world. Its area is 507,451 km2 (195,928 sq mi) (slightly smaller than Thailand) with a population density of 0.026/km2 (0.067/sq mi); the population was 13,039 according to the 2021 Canadian census; and it is located at 68°N 70°W﻿ / ﻿68°N 70°W﻿ / 68; -70﻿ (Baffin Island). Iqaluit, the capital of Nunavut, is located on Frobisher Bay on the southern tip of the island.
Dolly Takes a Chance
Dolly Takes a Chance (Swedish: Dolly tar chansen) is a 1944 Swedish comedy film co-written and directed by Gustaf Edgren and starring Marguerite Viby, Karl-Arne Holmsten and Lasse Krantz. A separate Danish version Teatertosset was also made the same year.

The film's sets were designed by Arne Åkermark.

Arne Åkermark
Arne Åkermark (1902–1962) was a Swedish art director who worked on around a hundred and eighty films during a thirty-year career.

In 1948 Åkermark was employed in Britain for Ealing Studios epic Scott of the Antarctic.
Thomas Kirkpatrick Monro
Thomas Kirkpatrick Monro (1865 – 10 January 1958) was Regius Professor of Medicine and Therapeutics at the University of Glasgow.

He was director of Glasgow Royal Maternity and Women's Hospital, professor of medicine and dean of the Medical Faculty at St Mungo's College, senior editor of the Glasgow Medical Journal, and governor of the Royal Technical College. He also served as a major in the Royal Army Medical Corps.

Monro was also an avid bibliophile, bibliographer and book-collector who amassed an almost complete collection of Sir Thomas Browne and served as the President of the Glasgow Bibliographical Society. The Monro Collection is now held in the special collections of the University of Glasgow Library.

Scottish Medical Journal
The Scottish Medical Journal is a general medical journal, which publishes original research in all branches of medicine, review articles, history of medicine articles, and clinical memoranda. The editor-in-chief is Ghulam Nabi (University of Dundee).
Bhagwan Mahaveer Sanctuary and Mollem National Park
Bhagwan Mahaveer Sanctuary and Mollem National Park is a 240 square kilometres (93 sq mi) protected area located in the Western Ghats of West India, in Dharbandora taluk, Goa State, along the eastern border with Karnataka. The area is situated near the town of Molem, 57 kilometres (35 mi) east of Panaji, the state capital of Goa. National Highway 4A divides it into two parts and the Mormugao - Londa railway line passes through the area. It is located between 15°15"30' to 15°29"30' N and 74°10"15' to 74°20"15' E. It contains several important temples dating to the Kadambas of Goa, and home to waterfalls, such as Dudhsagar Falls and Tambdi Falls. The parkland is also home to a community of nomadic buffalo herders known as the Dhangar.

Kadambas of Goa
The Kadambas of Goa were a dynasty during the Late Classical period on the Indian subcontinent, who ruled Goa from the 10th to the 14th century CE. They took over the territories of the Shilaharas and ruled them at first from Chandor, later making Gopakapattana their capital.
Reza Kianian
Reza Kianian (Persian: رضا کیانیان, born June 19, 1951, in Tehran) is an Iranian actor. He has received various accolades, including two Crystal Simorgh, a Hafez Award and two Iran Cinema Celebration Awards.

Manijeh Hekmat
Manijeh Hekmat (Persian: منیژه حکمت, pronunciationⓘ; born 23 March 1962 in Arak) is an Iranian film director. She has worked since 1980 as an assistant director and production designer in over 25 films. She directed her first feature film Women's Prison (Zendān-e Zanān) in 2002. This film has been shown at over 80 international film festivals and has received seven prizes. Three Women (Seh Zan) is Hekmat's second feature film made in 2007. Hekmat has produced five noted films which include the award-winning feature films The Girl in the Sneakers and A Bunch of Grass, the latter a German-produced film made in the Iranian Kurdistan.
In her 2018 movie, The Old Road, Hekmat addressed the social problem of violence against women.

Hekmat is married to the film director Jamshid Āhangarāni. Their daughter, Pegāh Āhangarāni, is a film actress.
Middle Rocks
The Middle Rocks (Malay: Batuan Tengah; Jawi: باتون تڠه; Chinese: 中岩礁; pinyin: Zhōngyánjiāo; lit. 'Middle Rock Reef') are two uninhabited small rocks separated by 250 metres (820 ft) of open water at the eastern opening of the Strait of Singapore on the western edge of the South China Sea. The islands were disputed territory between Malaysia and Singapore (known as the Pedra Branca dispute) until, on 23 May 2008, the International Court of Justice decided that sovereignty over Middle Rocks belonged to Malaysia by 15 votes to one.

Royal Malaysian Navy
The Royal Malaysian Navy (RMN, Malay: Tentera Laut Diraja Malaysia; TLDM; Jawi: تنترا لاءوت دراج مليسيا‎) is the naval arm of the Malaysian Armed Forces. RMN is the main agency responsible for the country's maritime surveillance and defence operations. RMN's area of operation consists of 603,210 square kilometers covering the country's coastal areas and Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ). RMN also bears the responsibility of controlling the country's main Sea Lines of Communications (SLOC) such as the Straits of Malacca and the Straits of Singapore and also monitors national interests in areas with overlapping claims such as in Spratly.
Tekla (singer)
Pernilla Sternäng (born Pernilla Sternäng, 4 March 1969 in Helsingborg), better known by her stage name Tekla, is a Swedish singer. She released four albums in the 1990s - two in Swedish and two in English on the MNW label in Sweden. Tekla's fourth album was released in 1999 on the Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada label Nettwerk. She toured with Sarah McLachlan on the 1999 Lilith Fair tour as one of the Village Stage artists.

Tekla left the music industry in the early 2000s and little is known of her since. She is reportedly living in Stockholm today.

Nettwerk Music Group
Nettwerk Music Group is an independent record label founded in 1984.

The Vancouver-based company was created by principals Terry McBride and Mark Jowett. Initially specializing in electronic music such as alternative dance and industrial, the label expanded its roster to include pop, rock and numerous singer-songwriters. Nettwerk has played an impactful role in many artists' careers, such as Coldplay, Sarah McLachlan, and Barenaked Ladies.

The label was named Billboard's "Indie Power Players" list in 2024 and 2025.
Asus ZenWatch
The Asus ZenWatch was an Android Wear-based smartwatch announced on September 3, 2014 at IFA and released by Asus on November 9, 2014. It used Android Wear, a modified version of Android designed specifically for smartwatches and other wearables. ASUS has also provided a custom app manager for this watch called the ZenWatch manager.

Asus
ASUSTEK Computer Inc. (/ˈeɪsuːs/, /eɪˈsuːs/, /ɑːˈ-/, /əˈ-/;), doing business as ASUS, is a Taiwanese multinational computer, phone hardware and electronics manufacturer headquartered in Beitou District, Taipei, Taiwan. Its products include desktop computers, laptops, netbooks, mobile phones, networking equipment, monitors, Wi-Fi routers, projectors, motherboards, graphics cards, optical storage, multimedia products, peripherals, wearables, servers, workstations and tablet PCs. The company is also an original equipment manufacturer (OEM).

As of 2024, Asus is the world's fifth-largest personal computer vendor by unit sales. Asus has a primary listing on the Taiwan Stock Exchange under the ticker code 2357 and formerly had a secondary listing on the London Stock Exchange under the ticker code ASKD.
Polypedates megacephalus
Polypedates megacephalus, the Hong Kong whipping frog or spot-legged tree frog, is a species in the shrub frog family (Rhacophoridae). In its native range, it is also called "brown tree frog", but this name is otherwise applied to a species of the true tree frog family (Hylidae).

Southern brown tree frog
The southern brown tree frog (Litoria ewingii), also known as the brown tree frog, whistling tree frog, or Ewing's tree frog, is a species of tree frog native to Australia: most of southern Victoria, eastern South Australia, southern New South Wales from about Ulladulla—although the species is reported to occur further north—and throughout Tasmania, including the Bass Strait Islands, in which state it is the most frequently encountered frog. It has been introduced to New Zealand, where it can be locally abundant.
Wesley Kareroa
Wesley Kareroa (born 15 November 1967) is a Cook Islands politician and member of the Cook Islands Parliament.  He is a member of the Cook Islands Democratic Party.

Kareroa was born on Rarotonga and educated at Mangaia Primary School and Mangaia College. He worked as an agent for Air Rarotonga. He was first elected to Parliament in the 2014 Cook Islands general election. After the election he was reportedly offered a ministerial position by Prime Minister Henry Puna in exchange for supporting him in the House, but refused. He was re-elected in the 2018 election.

In February 2020 he was appointed Democratic Party spokesperson on National Superannuation and Parliamentary Services.

He was re-elected at the 2022 Cook Islands general election.

2014 Cook Islands general election
General elections were held in the Cook Islands on 9 July 2014, determining the membership of the 16th Cook Islands Parliament.

The Cook Islands Party (CIP) initially appeared to have retained its majority, winning 13 seats, while the Democratic Party won eight and the new One Cook Islands Movement won two, with one seat tied. However, the result in one constituency the CIP had won was overturned in court, with the Democratic Party awarded the seat, while the tied seat was also awarded to the Democratic Party after one ballot was invalidated, resulting in a hung parliament.
Greppen
Greppen is a municipality in the district of Lucerne in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

It lies at the base of huge Mount Rigi. The exclave is separated by Lake Lucerne from the rest of the district.

Lake Lucerne
Lake Lucerne (German: Vierwaldstättersee, literally 'Lake of the four forested settlements' (in English usually translated as forest cantons); French: lac des Quatre-Cantons; Italian: lago dei Quattro Cantoni) is a lake in central Switzerland and the fourth largest in the country.
Jeff Nesmith
Hollis Jefferson Nesmith Jr. (June 28, 1940 – January 13, 2023) was an American journalist and author. During his time at the Dayton Daily News, he won the 1998 Pulitzer Prize for National Reporting with Russell Carollo for uncovering mismanagement in military healthcare.

Nesmith graduated with his bachelor's degree from the University of Florida School of Journalism in 1963. He was the author of No Higher Honor, published in 1999, a history of the USS Yorktown, frequently referred to as "Uncle Joe's boat." Nesmith served on the Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press steering committee from 1999 through 2002.

Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press
The Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press (RCFP) is a nonprofit organization based in Washington, D.C., that provides pro bono legal services and resources to and on behalf of journalists. The organization pursues litigation, offers direct representation, submits amicus curiae briefs, and provides other legal assistance on matters involving the First Amendment, press freedom, freedom of information, and court access issues.
Hero Karizma ZMR
The Hero Karizma ZMR is a motorcycle manufactured by Hero MotoCorp in India. It was launched as a cosmetic upgrade to Karizma R in September 2009. There is no difference between its engine and that of its predecessor Karizma R. The minor differences lie in the design of fairing, headlights, addition of digital speedometer, rear disc brake, rear swingarm suspension, oil cooler and the fuel-injection system instead of the carburettor.

The latest updated model was launched in 2014 which had an upgraded engine had and a totally new design.

Hero MotoCorp
Hero MotoCorp Limited is an Indian multinational motorcycle and scooter manufacturer headquartered in Delhi. It has a market share of about 30% in the Indian two-wheeler industry. The Munjal family, with its 34.75% stake, is the biggest shareholder in the company as of 2024.
Frico
Frico is a Friulian dish consisting mainly of heated cheese and  potato and optionally, other ingredients, es. It is the most typical culinary preparation of the historical region of Friuli and of Friulian cuisine. Originally frico was prepared in the impoverished region as a way of recycling cheese rinds. There are two popular versions of the dish: one soft and thick, which is usually served in slices, and the other thin and crunchy, which can be used either as a garnish or as an appetizer. While the soft version has a long tradition, the history of the thin version is disputed.

The first recipes for frico date to around 1450 by Maestro Martino, cook of the camerlengo of the Aquileia patriarch.

Hors d'oeuvre
An hors d'oeuvre (/ɔːr ˈdɜːrv(rə)/ or DURV(-rə); French: hors-d'œuvre [ɔʁ dœvʁ(ə)] ⓘ), appetiser, appetizer or starter is a small dish served before a meal in European cuisine. Some hors d'oeuvres are served cold, others hot. Hors d'oeuvres may be served at the dinner table as a part of the meal, or they may be served before seating, such as at a reception or cocktail party. Formerly, hors d'oeuvres were also served between courses.

Typically smaller than a main dish, an hors d'oeuvre is often designed to be eaten by hand. Hors d'oeuvre are typically served at parties as a small "snack" before a main course.
Jonas Reinhardt
Jonas Reinhardt is an American electronic music producer with releases on Kranky, Not Not Fun, and others. Jonas Reinhardt's sound is influenced by electronic music of the 1970s,'80s, '90s and even 2000s, particularly in the use of analog synthesizers and keyboards. His music has taken on numerous forms over the years, starting with the kosmische pulsations of his 2008 eponymous debut before embracing disco rhythms on releases like 2013's Mask of the Maker. After releasing an experimental science fiction soundtrack (Ganymede) in 2014, his studio albums, including 2022's A Ragged Ghost, have resembled cinematic ambient experiences.

Analog synthesizer
An analog synthesizer (British English: analogue synthesiser) is a synthesizer that uses analog circuits and analog signals to generate sound electronically.

The earliest analog synthesizers in the 1920s and 1930s, such as the Trautonium, were built with a variety of vacuum-tube (thermionic valve) and electro-mechanical technologies. After the 1960s, analog synthesizers were built using operational amplifier (op-amp) integrated circuits, and used potentiometers (pots, or variable resistors) to adjust the sound parameters. Analog synthesizers also use low-pass filters and high-pass filters to modify the sound. While 1960s-era analog synthesizers such as the Moog used a number of independent electronic modules connected by patch cables, later analog synthesizers such as the Minimoog integrated them into single units, eliminating patch cords in favour of integrated signal routing systems.
Lucania Etno Folk
The Lucania Etno Folk is a music festival that focuses on folk and popular music. It is held annually in the town of Satriano di Lucania (Italy) (in modern Basilicata). The region's ancient name was "Lucania", which is where the name of the festival derives. Participating artists include Enzo Avitabile, Pietra Montecorvino, Simone Cristicchi, Angelo Branduardi, Ciccio Merolla, Clementino (in 2016), the Scots Stramash and many others. It is one of the biggest folk music festivals in Italy.

Lucania
Lucania was a historical region of Southern Italy, named after its native Lucani, an Oscan people. It extended from the Tyrrhenian Sea to the Gulf of Taranto. It bordered with Samnium and Campania in the north, Apulia in the east, and Bruttium in the south-west, and was at the tip of the peninsula which is now called Calabria. It comprised almost all the modern region of Basilicata, the southern part of the Province of Salerno (the Cilento area), the western part of Province of Taranto and a northern portion of the Province of Cosenza.

The precise limits were the river Silarus in the north-west, which separated it from Campania, and the Gravina which flows into the Gulf of Taranto in the east. The lower tract of the river Laus, which flows from a ridge of the Apennine Mountains to the Tyrrhenian Sea in an east-west direction, marked part of the border with Bruttium.
Manish Kumar Jaiswal
Manish Kumar Jaiswal, alias Mantu (born 1979) is an Indian politician from Uttar Pradesh. He is a member of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly from Padrauna Assembly constituency in Kushinagar district. He won the 2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election representing the Bharatiya Janata Party.

2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election
Legislative Assembly elections were held in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh from 10 February to 7 March 2022 in seven phases to elect all 403 members for the 18th Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly. The votes were counted and the results were declared on 10 March 2022.