hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Robert Byrne (North Dakota politician)
Robert Byrne (February 4, 1886 – December 31, 1967) was a North Dakota Republican Party politician who served as the Secretary of State of North Dakota from 1925 to 1934. Byrne served in the North Dakota House of Representatives from 1917 to 1920, and in the North Dakota Senate from 1921 to 1924. He first won election to the Secretary of State position in 1924, and served until he was defeated by James D. Gronna in the 1934 Republican Primary.

In 1930, when the Capitol building was on fire, Byrne was able to save an original copy of the state Constitution from fire, suffering cuts and burns in the process.

He died in Bismarck, North Dakota at the age of 81 in 1967.

North Dakota Senate
The North Dakota State Senate is the upper house of the North Dakota Legislative Assembly, smaller than the North Dakota House of Representatives.

Per the state constitution, North Dakota is divided into between 40 and 54 legislative districts apportioned by population as determined by the decennial census.  The 2000 redistricting plan provided for 47 districts, with one senator elected from each district.

Senators serve four-year terms. Elections are staggered such that half the senate districts have elections every two years. In the 2022 North Dakota elections, a ballot measure passed with 63.4% of the vote creating term limits of eight years in the North Dakota Senate, which was put into effect starting January 2023.

The Senate Chamber is located in the North Dakota State Capitol in Bismarck, North Dakota.
Ell (architecture)
In architecture, an ell is a wing of a building perpendicular (at a right angle) to the length of the main portion (main range).

It takes its name from the shape of the letter L.  Ells are often additions to a building.  Unless sub-wings or a non-rectangular outline floor plan exists such a wing makes the building L-shaped or T-shaped "in plan" (shape from above/below), though if not central nor at one end of the building the T-shape will be an offset T.  Where a building is aligned closely to cardinal compass points, such a wing may be more informatively described by its related side of the building (such as "south wing of the building").

L
L, or l, is the twelfth letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is el (pronounced /ˈɛl/ ⓘ EL), plural els.
Yale romanization
The Yale romanizations are four romanization systems created at Yale University for the following four East Asian languages:

Yale romanization of Mandarin

Yale romanization of Cantonese

Yale romanization of Korean

JSL romanization, a system for the Japanese language which is sometimes called "Yale romanization".

Yale romanization of Cantonese
The Yale romanization of Cantonese was developed by Yale scholar Gerard P. Kok for his and Parker Po-fei Huang's textbook Speak Cantonese initially circulated in looseleaf form in 1952 but later published in 1958. Unlike the Yale romanization of Mandarin, it is still widely used in books and dictionaries, especially for foreign learners of Cantonese. It shares some similarities with Hanyu Pinyin in that unvoiced, unaspirated consonants are represented by letters traditionally used in English and most other European languages to represent voiced sounds. For example, [p] is represented as b in Yale, whereas its aspirated counterpart, [pʰ] is represented as p. Students attending the Chinese University of Hong Kong's New-Asia Yale-in-China Chinese Language Center are taught using Yale romanization.

Some enthusiasts employ Yale romanisation to explore writing Cantonese as an alphabetic language.
1,6-Methano(10)annulene
1,6-Methano[10]annulene (also known as 1,6-methanonaphthalene or homonaphthalene) is an aromatic hydrocarbon with chemical formula C11H10.  It was the first stable aromatic compound based on the cyclodecapentaene system to be discovered.

Naphthalene
Naphthalene is an organic compound with the chemical formula C10H8. It is the simplest polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, and is a white crystalline solid with a characteristic odor that is detectable at concentrations as low as 0.08 ppm by mass. As an aromatic hydrocarbon, naphthalene's structure consists of a fused pair of benzene rings. It is the main ingredient of traditional mothballs.
Doug Stromback
Douglas Alan Stromback (born March 3, 1967) is an American retired ice hockey right winger who played over 380 regular season and playoff games across several minor hockey leagues. Stromback was drafted in the sixth round of the 1985 NHL Entry Draft, selected 124th overall, by the Washington Capitals.

1985 NHL entry draft
The 1985 NHL entry draft was the 23rd NHL entry draft. It was the first draft outside Montreal. The event was held at the Metro Toronto Convention Centre in Toronto, Ontario, and attended by 7,000 fans. The National Hockey League (NHL) teams selected 252 players eligible for entry into professional ranks, in the reverse order of the 1984–85 NHL season and playoff standings.

Toronto hosted and made the first overall pick; this coincidence would not occur again until Montreal hosted and drafted first at the 2022 draft.

The last active players in the NHL from this draft class were Sean Burke and Joe Nieuwendyk, who both played their last NHL games in the 2006–07 season.
Fiat C-platform
The Fiat C-platform was an automobile platform used in small family cars of the Fiat Group. The predecessors of the C-platform were the Tipo Tre and Tipo Due platforms, and the successor is the new Compact platform which debuted in Alfa Romeo Giulietta in 2010.

Alfa Romeo Giulietta (2010)
The Alfa Romeo Giulietta (Type 940) is a hatchback manufactured and marketed by Alfa Romeo, as a 5-door small family car. Production started near the end of 2009 and the model was introduced at the March 2010 Geneva Motor Show. The Giulietta placed second in the 2011 European Car of the Year awards. In 2020, Alfa Romeo announced that they were going to axe the Giulietta and production ended on 22 December 2020 spanning 10 years of sales from a period of 2010 to 2020. In total 469,067 examples were produced until 2020.
Sädvvájávrre
Sädvvájávrre, or Sädvajaure, is a lake in Arjeplog Municipality in the province of Lapland, which is part of the main catchment area of the Skellefte River. The lake is 120 meters deep, covers an area of 40.1 square kilometers and has an elevation of 466.6 meters above sea level. Sädvvájávrre is located in the upper part of the Skellefte River and is drained by the same river. During test fishing, lake trout, arctic char, splejk (hybrid), and brown trout have been caught in the lake.

The Silver Route follows the northern shore of Sädvvájávre and the Pieljekaise National Park is on the southern side and extends into the lake.

Skellefte River
The Skellefte River (Swedish: Skellefteälven or Skellefte älv; Pite Sami: Seldutiedno; Ume Sami: Syöldateiednuo) is a river in northern Sweden; one of the major Norrland rivers.

Geographically, it starts in Norrbotten County in the Swedish province Lappland, where it drains the lakes Hornavan, Uddjaur and Storavan near Arjeplog. Then, it goes south-east into Västerbotten County, passing through the town Skellefteå (which has given it its name), and finally discharging in the Gulf of Bothnia, in the province of Västerbotten. There are several tributaries to the river, with the largest ones named: Malån, Petikån, Finnforsån, Bjurån and Klintforsån.

It is one of the major northern Swedish rivers, with a length of 410 kilometers. Like many large northern rivers, it produces hydro power with some fifteen power stations.

Salmons and trouts are being put out to compensate for the water power plants, and the river and its tributary are all popular destinations for fishers.
Robert Wallace Wilkins
Robert Wallace Wilkins (December 4, 1906 – April 9, 2003) was an American medical investigator and educator. He made many contributions in the research of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. He was the president of the American Heart Association in 1957 and received its Gold Heart Award in 1962.  Wilkins received the Albert Lasker Award in 1958 for his research.

He has been credited with introducing the antipsychotic and antihypertensive drug reserpine to the United States in 1950.

Lasker Award
In 1945, Albert Lasker and Mary Woodard Lasker created the Lasker Awards. Every year since then the award has been given to  the living person considered to have made the greatest contribution to medical science or who has demonstrated public service on behalf of medicine. They are administered by the Lasker Foundation. The Lasker is sometimes referred to as "America's Nobels".

The Lasker Awards have gained a reputation for identifying future winners of the Nobel Prize. Eighty-six Lasker laureates have received the Nobel Prize, including 32 in the last two decades. Claire Pomeroy is the current president of the Lasker Foundation.
Swarna Gowri
Swarna Gowri (pronunciationⓘ) is a 1962 Indian Kannada-language film, directed by Y. R. Swamy and produced by D. R. Naidu. The film stars Rajkumar, Krishna Kumari, Udaykumar and Narasimharaju. The film has musical score by M. Venkataraju. The movie was simultaneously shot in Telugu with the same name by the same producer and director with Kanta Rao and Krishna Kumari in the lead roles.

Udaykumar
Bommasandra Srinivasaiah Suryanarayana Murthy (16 March 1933 – 26 December 1985), known professionally as Udaykumar, was an Indian actor, writer, and film producer who worked primarily in Kannada cinema. Along with Rajkumar and Kalyan Kumar, he was part of the trio known as the Kumarathrayaru ("the three Kumars") of Kannada cinema. In addition to acting, he wrote several stage dramas and books.

Uday Kumar appeared in a wide variety of roles and collaborated with many notable actors of his era. In the early part of his career, he was cast in heroic roles, but he later became known for portraying complex antagonists, particularly in historical and mythological films, where he was frequently cast opposite Rajkumar’s protagonist roles.
Guacimara
Guacimara is the name of a strong warrior Guanche woman, daughter of the king or  Mencey of the  Menceyato of Anaga in the Canary Islands, at a time prior to the arrival of the European conquerors at the end of the XV century.

It appears for the first time as a personage in  Antonio de Viana's epic poem  Antigüedades de las Islas Afortunadas  published in 1604, from which it was copied by authors like Tomás Arias Marín de Cubas or José de Viera y Clavijo, so that there is no evidence of it being historical.

In the poem, Guacimara was the daughter of the historical ruler Beneharo and his only heir, although the physician Juan Bethencourt Alfonso added that Beneharo had two other brothers: a boy, baptized Enrique and Guajara, wife of Tinguaro.

Menceyato of Anaga
Anaga was one of the 9 menceyatos (native Guanche kingdoms) on the island of Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain) before the arrival of the conquering Spaniards.

The area of the menceyato is now part of the  municipalities of Santa Cruz de Tenerife and San Cristóbal de La Laguna. The easternmost kingdom on the island, under mencey Beneharo it fiercely resisted the Spanish conquest.
Tantalum(V) chloride
Tantalum(V) chloride, also known as tantalum pentachloride, is an inorganic compound with the formula TaCl5. It takes the form of a white powder, which is highly sensitive to moisture. It is synthesised and manipulated under anhydrous conditions, using air-free techniques.

Anhydrous
A substance is anhydrous if it contains no water. Many processes in chemistry can be impeded by the presence of water; therefore, it is important that water-free reagents and techniques are used. In practice, however, it is very difficult to achieve perfect dryness; anhydrous compounds gradually absorb water from the atmosphere so they must be stored carefully.

Substances that contain water or its constituent elements are called hydrates.
Quarry Bay School
Quarry Bay School is the oldest English Schools Foundation primary school in Hong Kong. There are around 720 students. Its current campus is on Braemar Hill on Hong Kong Island.

The principal is currently Sue Yee who started her role in August 2021. Mina Dunstan was principal from 2012 until June 2021. The previous principal was Debra Gardiner who had been at Quarry Bay School for 4 years from 2007 until Christmas 2011. The previous principal before Gardiner was David James Harrison who, before he retired, had been at Quarry Bay School for 23 years.

English Schools Foundation
The English Schools Foundation (ESF) is an organisation that runs 22 international schools in Hong Kong. It is Hong Kong's largest English-medium organisation of international schools. It was founded in 1967 with the passage of the English Schools Foundation Ordinance.

In addition to tuition fees, the foundation receives an ongoing subsidy from the Hong Kong Government, which is being phased out. The schools also receive donations from their parent–teacher associations.
Vakhtang Gorgasali's campaign in North Caucasus
Vakhtang Gorgasali's campaign in the Northern Caucasus (Georgian: ვახტანგ გორგასლის ლაშქრობა ჩრდილოეთ კავკასიაში) was a military campaign led by the Kingdom of Iberia under King Vakhtang Gorgasali against the nomadic invaders from the North Caucasus. The campaign, supported by the Sassanian empire, ended in an Iberian victory and an end to nomadic raids into Iberia.

Barzabod
Barzabod was a high-ranking Iranian official in 5th-century Sasanian Iran. A Mihranid prince of the Gardman region, he served as the viceroy of Caucasian Albania.

According to the Georgian chronicler Juansher, Barzabod married off her daughter Sagdukht to his Iberian neighbor, Mihrdat V, then heir apparent to King Archil of Iberia, and eventually king in his own right. The marriage helped to seal peace between the once hostile neighbors. After Archil's death c. 435, Sagdukht relied on her father for support during her regency for her underage son, Vakhtang I of Iberia.

Barzabod died around 440, and was succeeded by his son Varaz-Bakur.
James McDonald (jockey)
James McDonald (born 6 January 1992) is a New Zealand thoroughbred racing jockey and member of the New Zealand Racing Hall of Fame. On 2 November 2021, McDonald rode the winning horse Verry Elleegant in the 2021 Melbourne Cup. He has been awarded the World Jockey of the Year in 2021 and 2024 in the TRC Global Rankings.

Nature Strip (horse)
Nature Strip (foaled 16 November 2014) is a retired champion Thoroughbred racehorse who was the 2020 and 2022 Australian Champion Racehorse of the Year, a nine-time Group 1 winner, and the winner of The Everest in 2021, the richest turf race in the world.
Nikonovo, Voronezh Oblast
Nikonovo (Russian: Никоново) is a rural locality (a selo) in Parizhskokommunskoye Rural Settlement, Verkhnekhavsky District, Voronezh Oblast, Russia. The population was 548 as of 2010. There are 6 streets.

Verkhnekhavsky District
Verkhnekhavsky District (Russian: Верхнеха́вский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-two in Voronezh Oblast, Russia. It is located in the north of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,253 square kilometers (484 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Verkhnyaya Khava. Population: 23,058 (2021 Census); 25,156 (2010 Census); 26,656 (2002 Census); 30,896 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Verkhnyaya Khava accounts for 31.9% of the district's total population.
Aquaticola
Aquaticola is a genus of fungi in the Cephalothecaceae family of the Ascomycota. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the Sordariomycetes class is unknown (incertae sedis), except that it is in subclass Diaporthomycetidae, and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any order.

Cephalothecaceae
The Cephalothecaceae are a family of fungi in the class Sordariomycetes. The family was circumscribed in 1917 by Austrian naturalist Franz Xaver Rudolf von Höhnel. Species in this family are saprobic, often growing on rotten wood or on other fungi. They are known to be distributed in northern temperate regions. The family was placed in a monotypic class Cephalothecales Hubka & Réblová in Index Fungorum 424: 1 (2019).

The family Cephalothecaceae contains the genera (with amount of species); Albertiniella Kirschst. (1936) (2), Cephalotheca Fuckel (1871) (14), Cryptendoxyla Malloch & Cain (1970) (2), Phialemonium W. Gams & McGinnis (1983) (9) and Victoriomyces (1 - Victoriomyces antarcticus Maggi, Davolos & Persiani (2019).
(R)-2-methylmalate dehydratase
The enzyme (R)-2-methylmalate dehydratase (EC 4.2.1.35) catalyzes the chemical reaction

(R)-2-methylmalate  2-methylmaleate + H2O

This enzyme belongs to the family of lyases, specifically the hydro-lyases, which cleave carbon-oxygen bonds.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is (R)-2-methylmalate hydro-lyase (2-methylmaleate-forming). Other names in common use include citraconate hydratase, citraconase, citramalate hydro-lyase, (−)-citramalate hydro-lyase, and (R)-2-methylmalate hydro-lyase.  This enzyme participates in valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis and c5-branched dibasic acid metabolism.  It employs one cofactor, iron.

Amino acid synthesis
Amino acid biosynthesis is the set of biochemical processes (metabolic pathways) by which the amino acids are produced. The substrates for these processes are various compounds in the organism's diet or growth media. Not all organisms are able to synthesize all amino acids. For example, humans can synthesize 11 of the 20 standard amino acids. These 11 are called the non-essential amino acids.
Corporate tax in the Netherlands
The Netherlands benefits from a strategic geographic location, a world-class economy, a stable political climate, and a skilled workforce. It has a large network of tax treaties, a low corporate income tax rate and a full participation exemption for capital gains and profits. These characteristics, in addition to a favorable tax environment, make Netherlands one of the most open economies in the world for multinational corporations (MNCs).

Open economy
An open economy is an economy in which both domestic and international entities participate in the trade of goods and services. This type of economy allows for the exchange of products, including technology transfers and managerial expertise. However, certain services, such as a country's railway operations, may not be easily exchanged internationally due to practical limitations.

In contrast, a closed economy restricts international trade and finance with other countries. In an open economy, the sale of goods or services to a foreign country is known as exporting, while the purchase of foreign goods or services is referred to as importing. Collectively, these activities form the basis of international trade.
Kagisano Local Municipality
Kagisano Local Municipality was a local municipality in Dr Ruth Segomotsi Mompati District Municipality, North West Province, South Africa, until the election of 18 May 2011, when it was merged with the Molopo Local Municipality to form the Kagisano-Molopo Local Municipality.

Dr Ruth Segomotsi Mompati District Municipality
The Dr Ruth Segomotsi Mompati District Municipality (Tswana: Mmasepala wa Sedika wa Dr Ruth Segomotsi Mompati), formerly the Bophirima District Municipality, is one of the 4 districts of the North West province of South Africa. The seat of the municipality is Vryburg. As of 2011, the majority of its 439,637 residents speak Setswana. The district code is DC39.  It is South Africa's largest beef producing district, with Hereford cattle the most popular. It is sometimes called "the Texas of South Africa". Maize and peanuts are important crops produced in the district. The district was renamed after the former Mayor of Vryburg, Ruth Mompati.
History of electric power transmission
Electric power transmission, the tools and means of moving electricity far from where it is generated, date back to the late 19th century. They include the movement of electricity in bulk (formally called "transmission") and the delivery of electricity to individual customers ("distribution"). In the beginning, the two terms were used interchangeably.

Willamette Falls
The Willamette Falls is a natural waterfall in the northwestern United States, located on the Willamette River between Oregon City and West Linn, Oregon. The largest waterfall in the Northwest U.S. by volume, it is the seventeenth widest in the world. Horseshoe in shape, it is 1,500 feet (455 m) wide and forty feet (12 m) high, with a flow rate of 30,850 cu ft/s (874 m3/s). Located 26 miles (42 km) upriver from the Willamette's mouth at Portland, Willamette Falls is a culturally significant site for many tribal communities in the region.

Opened in 1873 and closed since 2011, the Willamette Falls Locks allowed boat traffic on the Willamette to pass into the main Willamette Valley.
Crossthroat sawpalate
The crossthroat sawpalate (Serrivomer jesperseni) is an eel in the family Nemichthyidae (snipe eels). It was described by Marie-Louise Bauchot in 1953. It is a marine, deep water-dwelling eel which is known from the western and eastern Pacific Ocean, including Papua New Guinea, British Columbia, Canada; the Gulf of Panama and Chile. It dwells at a maximum depth of 825 metres (2,710 ft). Males can reach a maximum total length of 40.6 centimetres (16.0 in).

The species epithet "jesperseni" refers to P. Jespersen, a monographer of leptocephalids in the family Anguillidae.

Anguillidae
The Anguillidae are a family of ray-finned fish that contains the freshwater eels. All the extant species and six subspecies in this family are in the genus Anguilla, and are elongated fish of snake-like bodies, with long dorsal, caudal and anal fins forming a continuous fringe. They are catadromous, spending their adult lives in freshwater, but migrating to the ocean to spawn.

Eels are an important food fish and some species are now farm-raised, but not bred in captivity. Many populations in the wild are now threatened, and Seafood Watch recommend consumers avoid eating anguillid eels.
Vermilion-Viking
Vermilion-Viking was a provincial electoral district in Alberta, Canada, mandated to return a single member to the Legislative Assembly of Alberta using first past the post method of voting from 1971 to 1993.

Vermilion-Viking is named for the towns of Vermilion and Viking.

Vermilion, Alberta
Vermilion is a town in central Alberta, Canada that is surrounded by the County of Vermilion River. It is at the intersection of Highway 16 (Yellowhead Highway) and Highway 41 (Buffalo Trail), approximately 60 kilometres (37 mi) west of Lloydminster and 192 kilometres (119 mi) east of Edmonton.
Pál Tomori
Pál Tomori (c. 1475 – 29 August 1526) was a Catholic monk and archbishop of Kalocsa, Hungary. He defeated an Ottoman army near Sremska Mitrovica (Hungarian: Szávaszentdemeter-Nagyolaszi) in 1523.

Pál Tomori was commander-in-chief of the Hungarian army several times, and in that capacity was killed in action during the battle of Mohács on the 29th of August 1526.

Sremska Mitrovica
Sremska Mitrovica (Serbian pronunciation: [srêːmskaː mîtroʋitsa]; Serbian Cyrillic: Сремска Митровица, Latin: Sirmium) is a city in Serbia. It is situated on the left bank of the Sava river. As of 2022, the city has a total population of 36,764 inhabitants, while its administrative area has a population of 72,580 inhabitants.

As Sirmium, it was a capital of the Roman Empire during the Tetrarchy of 4th century CE. Ten Roman emperors were born in or near this city, Emperors Herennius Etruscus (251), Hostilian (251), Decius Traian (249–251), Claudius Gothicus (268–270), Quintillus (270), Aurelian (270–275), Probus (276–282), Maximian (285–310), Constantius II (337–361) and Gratian (367–383).