hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2013 San Marino referendum
Two referendums were held in San Marino on 20 October 2013. Voters were asked whether they approved of measures to tie salary increase to inflation and whether the country should submit an application to join the European Union. Although both proposals had a majority vote in favour, neither reached the quorum of 32% of eligible voters in favour (10,657 voters), resulting in both proposals being rejected.

Quorum
A quorum is the minimum number of members of a group necessary to constitute the group at a meeting. In a deliberative assembly (a body that uses parliamentary procedure, such as a legislature), a quorum is necessary to conduct the business of that group.  In contrast, a plenum is a meeting of the full (or rarely nearly full) body. A body, or a meeting or vote of it, is quorate if a quorum is present (or casts valid votes).

The term quorum is from a Middle English wording of the commission formerly issued to justices of the peace, derived from Latin quorum, "of whom", genitive plural of qui, "who". As a result, quora as plural of quorum is not a grammatically well-formed Latin-language construction. In modern times, a quorum might be defined as the minimum number of voters needed for a valid election. Quorums are often part of parliamentary procedure.
P. C. Skovgaard
Peter Christian Thamsen Skovgaard (4 April 1817 – 13 April 1875), known as P. C. Skovgaard, was a Danish national romantic landscape painter. He is considered one of the leading landscape painters of the 19th century and is one of the main figures associated with the Golden Age of Danish Painting. He is especially known for his large scale portrayals of the Danish landscape.

Dyrehavsbakken
Dyrehavsbakken  (lit. 'Animal Park Hill'), commonly referred to as Bakken (lit. 'The Hill', to distinguish it from Dyrehaven, a royal deer park with public access) is an amusement park in Lyngby-Taarbæk, Denmark, near Klampenborg and approximately 10 km (6 mi) north of central Copenhagen. It is located in the southern part of Dyrehaven, around 600 metres (0.4 mi) away from a public transport connection to the center of Copenhagen (Klampenborg S-train Station).

It opened in 1583 (1583) and is the world's oldest operating amusement park.

With 2.5–2.9 million visitors per year, it is the second most popular attraction in Denmark, after the more widely known Tivoli Gardens amusement park. Access to the area is free, and admissions are purchased separately for the individual attractions, unlike Tivoli.
Ramsden Corner Plantation
Ramsden Corner Plantation is a 3.2-hectare (7.9-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest west of Northampton. It is managed by the Wildlife Trust for Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire.

A stream runs through this valley site, which is acidic grassland, woodland and scrub on clay and sand. Plants such as wood millet, wood-sorrel and wood vetch are indicators of ancient woodland. Opposite-leaved golden-saxifrage is found in wet flushes.

The Macmillan Way runs along its southern boundary. There is access from Main Street between Farthingstone and Upper Stowe.

Farthingstone
Farthingstone is a village in West Northamptonshire in England. It is close to the major trunk routes of the M1 junction 16, M40 motorway, and A5 road, at the head of a valley and is 7 miles (11 km) south of Daventry and 3.5 miles (5.6 km) south west of Weedon Bec.
Manuel Herrera
Manuel G. Herrera (3 December 1936 – 21 October 2007) was an American politician who was a Democratic member of the New Mexico House of Representatives from 1999 to 2007. Herrera attended Western New Mexico University and is a businessman. He also served as Mayor of Bayard, New Mexico and was on the city council. He died of prostate cancer on 21 October 2007.

New Mexico House of Representatives
The New Mexico House of Representatives (Spanish: Cámara de representantes de Nuevo México) is the lower house of the New Mexico State Legislature.

There are 70 members of the House. Each member represents roughly 25,980 residents of New Mexico.

The most recent elections were held on November 5, 2024. During that election the Republican Party of New Mexico picked up one seat.
George O. Curme Jr.
George Oliver Curme Jr. (December 24, 1888 – July 28, 1976) was an American industrial chemist, working with the synthesis of various chemicals 
— including acetylene and ethylene glycol — from petroleum byproducts.

Born in Iowa; he received his PhD in chemistry from the University of Chicago (1913), after which he spent some time in Germany, studying with Fritz Haber. He returned to the US in 1914 and worked at the Mellon Institute, funded by the Prest-O-Lite company, which was absorbed into Union Carbide in 1917. He became a Union Carbide VP in charge of chemical research in 1944. He died in 1976 in Oak Bluffs, Massachusetts.

He received the Chandler Medal in 1933, the Perkin Medal in 1935, the Elliott Cresson Medal in 1936, the Willard Gibbs Award in 1944, and the University of Chicago Alumni Medal in 1954.

Perkin Medal
The Perkin Medal is an award given annually by the Society of Chemical Industry (American Section) to a scientist residing in The United States for an "innovation in applied chemistry resulting in outstanding commercial development." It is considered the highest honor given in the US chemical industry.

The Perkin Medal was first awarded in 1906 to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the discovery of mauveine, the world's first synthetic aniline dye, by Sir William Henry Perkin, an English chemist. The award was given to Sir William on the occasion of his visit to the United States in the year before he died. It was next given in 1908 and has been given every year since then.
Laiva Dam
Laiva Dam is a dam in Falam Township, Falam District, Chin State in Burma (Myanmar), on the Lai Va River, a west flowing tributary of the Ṭio River. The 600-kilowatt facility was built by the Chinese firm Yunnan Machinery & Equipment Import & Export Co. (YMEC). It was completed in April 1994. The dam produces hydroelectric power for Falam and neighboring towns such as Hakha and Thantlang (Thlangtlang).

Hakha
Hakha (Burmese: ဟားခါးမြို့, MLCTS: ha: hka: mrui., pronounced [hákʰá mjo̰]; formerly rendered Haka, Hakha-Chin: Halkha) is the capital of Chin State in Myanmar.

Hakha is located in the northeast of Chin State, with a total area of about 12.50 square miles (32.4 km2). The city of Hakha is located on a plateau at more than 1,867 metres (6,125 ft) above sea level. Although relatively small in area, it is the largest city of Chin State, as well as its capital city. It is estimated that Hakha has enough land and full capacity to extend to as ten times its current township area.
Jeff Kelley
Jeff Kelley is an art critic, author, and curator. A practicing art critic since 1977, his reviews and essays about artists including Chinese conceptual artist Ai Weiwei have appeared in publications including Artforum, Art in America, and the Los Angeles Times.

In 1993 the University of California Press published Essays on the Blurring of Art and Life, a collection of significant writings by American conceptual artist Allan Kaprow edited by Kelley. He is also the author of Childsplay: the Art of Allan Kaprow, published in 2004 by UC Press.

Kelley lives in Oakland, California.  He was married to Chinese-born American painter Hung Liu until her death on August 7, 2021.

Art in America
Art in America (A.i.A.) is an illustrated quarterly, international magazine concentrating on the contemporary art world in the United States, including profiles of artists and genres, updates about art movements, show reviews and event schedules. It is designed for collectors, artists, art dealers, art professionals and other readers interested in the art world.

Previously a monthly publication, the magazine scaled back to quarterly issues in the 2020s after ownership changes and a merger with the publication ARTnews. Articles from Art in America are published online on the ARTnews website.
Francesca Martini
Francesca Martini (born 31 August 1961 in Verona) is a Venetist politician. She is a member of Liga Veneta-Lega Nord.

She was first elected to the Chamber of Deputies in 2001, but she failed re-election five years later. In 2007, however, she replaced Flavio Tosi as Health regional minister of Veneto in Galan III Government.

In May 2008, after returning to the Chamber of Deputies, Martini was appointed Under-Secretary of Labour and Health in Berlusconi IV Cabinet.

Fourth Berlusconi government
The fourth Berlusconi government was the 60th government of Italy, in office from 8 May 2008 to 16 November 2011. It was the fourth government led by Silvio Berlusconi, who then became the longest-serving Prime Minister of Italy of the Italian Republic (3340 days in office). The government was supported by a coalition between The People of Freedom (PdL) and the Northern League (LN), together with other smaller centre-right parties.

At its formation, the government included 22 ministers and 39 under-secretaries, for a total of 61 members. At the end of its term the cabinet was composed of 24 ministers, 4 deputy ministers and 39 under-secretaries, for a total of 67 members. With 1287 days of tenure, it was second in longevity only to Berlusconi's second government (1409 days from 2001 to 2005) in the history of the Italian Republic.
Inside the Lines (1918 film)
Inside the Lines is a 1918 American silent thriller film directed by David Hartford and starring Lewis Stone, Marguerite Clayton and George Field. It was based on a play by Earl Derr Biggers, later remade as a 1930 sound film of the same title.

Earl Derr Biggers
Earl Derr Biggers (August 26, 1884 – April 5, 1933) was an American novelist and playwright. His novels featuring the fictional Chinese American detective Charlie Chan were adapted into popular films made in the United States and China.
Vladimir Ilyin (mathematician)
Vladimir Aleksandrovich Ilyin (Russian: Влади́мир Алекса́ндрович Ильи́н; May 2, 1928 – June 26, 2014) was a Soviet and Russian mathematician, Professor at Moscow State University, Doctor of Science, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences who made significant contributions to the theory of differential equations, the spectral theory of differential operators, and mathematical modeling.

Academician
An academician is a full member of an artistic, literary, engineering, or scientific academy. In many countries, it is an honorific title used to denote a full member of an academy that has a strong influence on national scientific life.

Accordingly, within systems such as the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, the title grants privileges and administrative responsibilities for funding allocation and research priorities.
Mk 12 Special Purpose Rifle
The United States Navy Mk 12 MOD 0/1/H Special Purpose Rifle (SPR) is a designated marksman rifle that was in service with United States Special Operations Forces in the designated marksman role until 2017, also designed to be shorter than standard weapons. SPR initially stood for Special Purpose Receiver as it referred to an add-on upper receiver assembly (part of the proposed SOPMOD upgrades), but that nomenclature changed to Special Purpose Rifle as the weapon became a stand-alone weapons system.

The SPR was eventually type-classified by the U.S. Navy as the Mk 12. The weapon was developed by the Naval Surface Warfare Center Crane Division for US military special operations units.

The rifle is designed to fire semi-automatically, although it has the option to fire in full auto in case of emergencies.

Naval Surface Warfare Center Crane Division
Naval Surface Warfare Center Crane Division (NSWC Crane Division) is the principal tenant command located at Naval Support Activity Crane (NSA Crane) in Indiana.

NSA Crane is a United States Navy installation located approximately 25 miles (40 km) southwest of Bloomington, Indiana, and predominantly located in Martin County, but small parts also extend into Greene and Lawrence counties. It was originally established in 1941 under the Bureau of Ordnance as the Naval Ammunition Depot for the production, testing, and storage of ordnance under the first supplemental Defense Appropriation Act. The base is named after William M. Crane. The base is the third largest naval installation in the world by geographic area and employs approximately 3,300 people. The closest community is the small town of Crane, which lies adjacent to the northwest corner of the facility.
Trap God 2
Trap God 2 is a mixtape by American rapper Gucci Mane, released on February 12, 2013. The mixtape features guest appearances from Young Scooter, Wiz Khalifa, Lil Wayne, Young Thug, Big Bank Black, OG Boo Dirty, Waka Flocka Flame, PeeWee Longway, Young Dolph, Rulet 1017, Verse Simmonds, Rocko and Lloyd.

Young Dolph
Adolph Robert Thornton Jr. (July 27, 1985 – November 17, 2021), known professionally as Young Dolph, was an American rapper and record executive. He first garnered mainstream attention for his guest appearance on O.T. Genasis' 2015 single "Cut It", which peaked within the top 40 of the Billboard Hot 100. The following year, he released his debut studio album King of Memphis, which peaked at number 49 on the Billboard 200. His fifth album, Rich Slave (2020), peaked at number four on the chart.

Thornton founded the independent label Paper Route Empire in 2010, through which he signed his cousin in-law, fellow Memphis-based rapper Key Glock. On November 17, 2021, Dolph was murdered in his hometown of Memphis, Tennessee.
Maymay Entrata
Marydale "Maymay" Entrata (/ˈmaɪmaɪ ɛnˈtrɑːtɑː/; born May 6, 1997) is a Filipino actress and singer. Having achieved mainstream success across television, music and fashion, she came to prominence after winning the reality show Pinoy Big Brother: Lucky 7. She is the first Filipina to walk at the Arab Fashion Week. Her accolades include a FAMAS Award, an Awit Award, two PMPC Star Awards for Music and a Box Office Entertainment Awards, in addition to a nomination for an MTV Europe Music Award.

Philippine Association of the Record Industry
The Philippine Association of the Record Industry (Filipino: Kapisanan ng Industriya ng Plaka ng Pilipinas, abbreviated as PARI) is a non-profit and private trade organization, that represents the recording industry distributors in the Philippines.

The PARI was formed on February 10, 1972, and today is composed of 14 corporate members and 13 associate members. Since then, the association had worked with the Congress on drafting music copyright laws and had helped conduct raids on music pirates with the National Bureau of Investigation, Philippine National Police, Criminal Investigation and Detection Group and Optical Media Board.

It is also responsible for awarding music recording certifications in the Philippines. Annually, PARI organizes different music events such as the Awit Awards.
Telesur (Suriname)
The Telecommunications Company Suriname (Telesur) is the government-owned full telecommunications service provider for Suriname. The services provided by Telesur include telephone, internet and wireless CDMA, GSM, UMTS, HSPA+ and LTE. Telesur is currently running a 900/1800 Mhz GSM, a 2100 MHz HSDPA, and a 450Mhz CDMA EVDO network.

Telesur manages and operates the .sr country code top-level domain.

High Speed Packet Access
High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) is an amalgamation of two mobile protocols—High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) and High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA)—that extends and improves the performance of existing 3G mobile telecommunication networks using the WCDMA protocols. A further-improved 3GPP standard called Evolved High Speed Packet Access (also known as HSPA+) was released late in 2008, with subsequent worldwide adoption beginning in 2010. The newer standard allows bit rates to reach as high as 337 Mbit/s in the downlink and 34 Mbit/s in the uplink; however, these speeds are rarely achieved in practice.
Temple of Beit el-Wali
The Temple of Beit el-Wali is a rock-cut ancient Egyptian temple in Nubia which was built by Pharaoh Ramesses II and dedicated to the deities of Amun-Re, Re-Horakhti, Khnum and Anuket. It was the first in a series of temples built by Ramesses II in this region; its name Beit el-Wali means 'House of the Holy Man' and may indicate its previous use by a Christian hermit at some point in time. The temple was relocated during the 1960s as part of the International Campaign to Save the Monuments of Nubia as a result of the Aswan High Dam project and moved towards higher ground along with the Temple of Kalabsha. This move was coordinated with a team of Polish archaeologists financed jointly by a Swiss and Chicago Institute respectively. The temple was located 50 kilometres south of Aswan.

New Kalabsha
New Kalabsha is a promontory located near Aswan in Egypt.

Created during the International Campaign to Save the Monuments of Nubia, it houses several important temples, structures, and other remains that have been relocated here from the site of Old Kalabsha (Arabic: باب الكلابشة Bāb al-Kalābsha, "Gate of Kalabsha", Ancient Greek: Ταλμις Talmis) and other sites in Lower Nubia, to avoid the rising waters of Lake Nasser caused by the construction of the Aswan High Dam. The major remains are described below:
Southwest Airlines Flight 1763
Southwest Airlines Flight 1763 was a scheduled passenger flight, operated by Southwest Airlines, from McCarran International Airport, in Paradise, Nevada, to Salt Lake City International Airport, in Salt Lake City, Utah. On August 11, 2000, Jonathan Burton, a Las Vegas resident, stormed the cockpit door of the Boeing 737 while in flight, in an apparent case of air rage. The 19-year-old was subdued by six to eight other passengers with such force that he died of asphyxiation. The death was initially believed to have been a heart attack.

Paradise, Nevada
Paradise is an unincorporated town and census-designated place (CDP) in Clark County, Nevada, United States, adjacent to the city of Las Vegas. It was formed on December 8, 1950. Its population was 191,238 at the 2020 census, making it the fifth-most-populous CDP in the United States; if it were an incorporated city, it would be the fifth-largest in Nevada. As an unincorporated town, it is governed by the Clark County Commission with input from the Paradise Town Advisory Board.

Paradise contains Harry Reid International Airport; the University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV); the majority of the Las Vegas Strip; and most of the tourist attractions in the Las Vegas area (excluding downtown). However, all Paradise addresses, as well as other unincorporated areas in the Las Vegas Valley, have "Las Vegas" addresses.
Parmotrema apricum
Parmotrema apricum is a species of corticolous lichen in the family Parmeliaceae that is found in Africa. It was originally placed in the genus Parmelia by authors Hildur Krog and Dougal Swinscow in 1981. The holotype collection was made in the Machakos County, north of Kibwezi town in Kenya, where it was found growing on shrubs in a sun-exposed dry location. Two years later, the authors transferred it to the genus Parmotrema.

The leathery thallus of Parmotrema apricum is bright yellow to yellow-green, comprising lobes that are 0.5–1 cm wide. Apothecia and pycnidia are not known for this species.

Kibwezi
Kibwezi is a town in Makueni County, Kenya.

Kibwezi town is the headquarters of Kibwezi division, one of 15 administrative divisions in Makueni County.The division has a population of 197,000 people, based on the 2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census, the population of Kibwezi Sub-county (formerly part of the district structure). Based on available data:
Population by Sex: 98,477 males and 98,517 females.
Population Density: 62.79 people per km².
Kibwezi Town Population: 8,143 (2019 Census).
Kibwezi West Constituency: Estimated population of 165,925. 
The area is located within Makueni County and is primarily inhabited by the Akamba people. The division has four locations: Kikumbulyu, Kinyambu, Masongaleni and Utithi.  Kibwezi town is located within Kikumbulyu location.

Kibwezi is also named for Kibwezi Constituency, the local electoral constituency. Kibwezi town does not seat a local authority but is part of Makueni County.
Aisake Tuitupou
Aisake Tuitupou is a Tongan New Zealander weightlifter who has represented New Zealand at the Oceania Weightlifting Championships and Tonga at the Pacific Games.

Tuitupou works as a schoolteacher in Auckland, New Zealand.

He competed in the 2017 IWF Australian Open for New Zealand. Later that year he competed in the 2017 Oceania Weightlifting Championships for New Zealand, winning silver in the clean & jerk, and bronze for total lift. At the 2019 Pacific Games in Apia he competed for Tonga, winning bronze in the over-109 kg snatch, but gold in the clean & jerk and total, after Lauititi Lui and David Liti missed all three of their attempts.

David Liti
David Andrew Liti (born 11 July 1996) is a New Zealand weightlifter, who won the gold medal in the +105 kg event at the 2018 Commonwealth Games. His total lift of 403 kg was a Commonwealth Games record.

At the Games' closing ceremony, Liti was presented with the David Dixon Award for sportsmanship shown towards his injured weightlifting rival Lauititi Lui.
Orlovsky, Zabaykalsky Krai
Orlovsky (Russian: Орловский) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Aginsky District of Zabaykalsky Krai, Russia. Population:  2,194 (2010 Census); 2,348 (2002 Census); 3,366 (1989 Soviet census).

Zabaykalsky Krai
Zabaykalsky Krai is a federal subject of Russia (a krai), located in the Russian Far East. Its administrative center is Chita. As of the 2010 Census, the population was 1,107,107.

The krai was created on 1 March 2008, as a result of a merger of Chita Oblast and Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug after a referendum held on the issue on 11 March 2007. In 2018, the krai became part of the Far Eastern Federal District.
Anton Giulio Barrili
Anton Giulio Barrili (14 December 1836 in Savona – 14 August 1908 in Carcare) was an Italian novelist. He was educated for the legal profession, which he abandoned in Genoa for journalism. He was a volunteer in the campaign of 1859 and served with Garibaldi in 1866 (Austro-Prussian War, Third Italian War of Independence) and 1867. From 1865 onwards he published a large number of books of fiction, which had wide popularity, his work being commonly compared with that of Victor Cherbuliez.

Some of the best of the later ones are Santa Cecilia (1866), Come un sogno (1875), and L'olmo e l'edera (1877). His Raggio di Dio appeared in 1899. Barrili also wrote two plays and various volumes of criticism, including Il rinnovamento letterario italiano (1890). He was elected to the Italian chamber of deputies in 1876; and in 1889 became professor of Italian literature at the University of Genoa.

Third Italian War of Independence
The Third Italian War of Independence (Italian: Terza guerra d'indipendenza italiana) was a war between the Kingdom of Italy and the Austrian Empire fought between June and August 1866. The conflict paralleled the Austro-Prussian War and resulted in Austria giving the region of Venetia (present-day Veneto, Friuli and the city of Mantua, the last remnant of the Quadrilatero) to the Second French Empire (acting as intermediary in negotiations), which formally gave it to Italy. Italy's acquisition of this wealthy and populous territory, annexed with a plebiscite, represented a major step in the Unification of Italy.