hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Claude Smith (politician)
Claude Smith (26 May 1891 - 20 September 1931) was an American politician from Arizona. He served a single term in the Arizona State Senate during the 7th Arizona State Legislature, holding one of the two seats from Pima County. He was a veteran of World War I, and served as county attorney in Pima County.

7th Arizona State Legislature
The 7th Arizona State Legislature, consisting of the Arizona State Senate and the Arizona House of Representatives, was constituted from January 1, 1925, to December 31, 1926, during the first and second years of George W. P. Hunt's fifth tenure as Governor of Arizona, in Phoenix.
Torre Beretti e Castellaro
Torre Beretti e Castellaro is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pavia in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 60 km southwest of Milan and about 40 km southwest of Pavia. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 604 and an area of 17.5 km².

Torre Beretti e Castellaro borders the following municipalities: Bozzole, Frascarolo, Mede, Sartirana Lomellina, Valenza.

Valenza
Valenza (Piedmontese: Valensa or Valensá) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) east of Turin and about 11 kilometres (7 mi) north of Alessandria, in the extreme Montferrat’s offshoots, in the Lombardy’s border.

It is sometimes called “Valenza Po”.

It is also one of the principal zones in the Alessandria’s province, due to its schools poles and the hospital.
Frank Ruskey
Frank Ruskey is a combinatorialist and computer scientist, and professor at the University of Victoria. His research involves algorithms for exhaustively listing discrete structures, combinatorial Gray codes, Venn and Euler diagrams, combinatorics on words, and enumerative combinatorics.  Frank Ruskey is the author of the Combinatorial Object Server (COS), a website for information on and generation of combinatorial objects.

Combinatorics on words
Combinatorics on words is a subfield of mathematics focused on the study of words and formal languages, which are (usually finite) strings of symbols from an arbitrary set (an "alphabet") and sets of words, respectively. The field has implications in various areas of mathematical study, notably algebra and theoretical computer science. Combinatorics on words became useful in the study of algorithms and coding.
Humayun Abdulali
Humayun Abdulali (19 May 1914, Kobe, Japan - 3 June 2001, Mumbai, India) was an Indian ornithologist and biologist who was also a cousin of the "birdman of India", Salim Ali. Like other naturalists of his period, he took an initial interest in shikar (hunting). Unlike Sálim Ali, his main contributions were less field-oriented and based more on bird collections, particularly those at the Bombay Natural History Society where he worked for most of his life.

Thane
Thane (Marathi: [ˈʈʰaːɳeː]; known as Thana until 1996) is a city in western India, in the state of Maharashtra. It neighbours Mumbai and is part of the Mumbai Metropolitan Region. It is situated in the north-east of Salsette Island.

Thane serves as the headquarters of the Thane district and is located inside Thane taluka. It is the 15th most populous city in India, with a population of 1,890,000 according to the 2011 census.
Vince DiCola
Vincent Louis DiCola is an American composer, keyboardist and arranger. He has composed scores for films such as Staying Alive, Rocky IV, and The Transformers: The Movie. DiCola also pioneered the use of sequencers on his soundtrack recording for Rocky IV, one of the first to exploit the Fairlight CMI and Synclavier II's computer's sequencing capabilities.

Synclavier
The Synclavier is an early digital synthesizer, polyphonic digital sampling system, and music workstation manufactured by New England Digital Corporation of Norwich, Vermont. It was produced in various forms from the late 1970s into the early 1990s. Used by many notable musicians, the Synclavier was inducted into the TECnology Hall of Fame, an honor given to "products and innovations that have had an enduring impact on the development of audio technology," in 2004.
Broadridge Financial Solutions
Broadridge Financial Solutions, Inc. is a public corporate services  and financial technology company. Headquartered in Lake Success, New York, the company was founded in 2007 as a spin-off from Automatic Data Processing. Broadridge supplies companies in the financial industry with financial documents such as proxy statements and annual reports, as well as shareholder communications solutions such as virtual annual meetings.

Other products and services include financial software and infrastructure for corporate governance, proxy and regulatory communications, and investor communications. It also hosts trading platforms and provides software and infrastructure for asset and wealth management.

Annual report
An annual report is a comprehensive report on a company's activities throughout the preceding year. Annual reports are intended to give shareholders and other interested people information about the company's activities and financial performance. They may be considered as grey literature. Most jurisdictions require companies to prepare and disclose annual reports, and many require the annual report to be filed at the company's registry. Companies with issued shares publicly listed are also required to report at more frequent intervals (depending upon the rules of the stock exchange involved).
Vadim Muntagirov
Vadim Muntagirov (Russian: Вадим Мунтагиров; born 16 April 1990) is a Russian ballet dancer. He is currently a principal dancer at The Royal Ballet in London and previously a lead principal dancer at the English National Ballet.

Prix Benois de la Danse
The Benois de la Danse is a ballet competition held annually in Moscow. Founded by the International Dance Association in 1991, it takes place each year on or around April 29 and it's judged by a jury. The members of this jury change every year and it consists of only top ballet personages.

Statuettes are given to the winners in the categories of lifelong achievement, ballerina, danseur, choreographer, composer and designer.

The Benois de la Danse earns a cash prize of $1,000,000, as well as exceptional events occurring during the previous year on stages around the world. These include dancing roles of all kinds as well as choreographic accomplishments.
Barberg–Selvälä–Salmonson Sauna
The Barberg–Selvälä–Salmonson Sauna is a historic Finnish sauna in Cokato Township, Minnesota, United States.  Built in 1868, it is believed to be the state's and probably the nation's oldest surviving savusauna (smoke sauna).  Moved on several occasions throughout its history, the sauna now stands with other historical Finnish American structures in a rural park.

Finnish Americans
Finnish Americans (Finnish: amerikansuomalaiset, pronounced [ˈɑmerikɑnˌsuo̯mɑlɑi̯set]) comprise Americans with ancestral roots in Finland, or Finnish people who immigrated to and reside in the United States. The Finnish-American population is around 650,000. Many Finnish people historically immigrated to the Upper Peninsula of Michigan and the Iron Range of northern Minnesota to work in the mining industry; much of the population in these regions is of Finnish descent.
Blackhead Point
Blackhead Point (Chinese: 黑頭山; lit. 'black head hill'), also known as Tai Pau Mai (大包米; 'large bag of rice') indigenously, or by the names Tsim Sha Tsui Point and Signal Hill (訊號山), was a cape before any land reclamation took place in Tsim Sha Tsui, Kowloon, Hong Kong. It currently remains a small hill near the coast.

Signal Hill is about 40 metres (130 ft) high and measures approximately 110 metres (360 ft) from east to west, and 80 metres (260 ft) from north to south. It is the site of Signal Hill Garden and features the Signal Hill Tower as well as remains of military structures.

Cape (geography)
In geography, a cape is a headland, peninsula or promontory extending into a body of water, usually a sea. A cape usually represents a marked change in trend of the coastline, often making them important landmarks in sea navigation. This also makes them prone to natural forms of erosion, mainly tidal actions, resulting in a relatively short geological lifespan.
H. V. Burlingham
H. V. Burlingham was a British coachbuilding business based in Blackpool, Lancashire from 1928 until 1960 when they were taken over by London-based rivals Duple Motor Bodies. Duple initially renamed Burlingham as Duple (Northern) but in 1969 they closed their Hendon factory and concentrated production in Blackpool. Duple coach bodies were built in the former Burlingham premises until Duple itself was liquidated in 1989.

Leyland Tiger (front-engined)
The Leyland Tiger is a heavyweight half-cab single-decker bus and coach chassis built by Leyland Motors between 1927 — 1942 and 1946 — 1968.

The Tiger was always very closely related to the Titan of its time, sharing a ladder type frame dropped in the wheelbase and gently rising in curves over the axles, generally only differing in wheelbase.
2011 LPGA Championship
The 2011 LPGA Championship was the 57th LPGA Championship, held June 23–26 at Locust Hill Country Club in Pittsford, New York, a suburb southeast of Rochester. Known for sponsorship reasons as the Wegmans LPGA Championship, it was the second of four major championships on the LPGA Tour during the 2011 season. This was the second of four consecutive years the LPGA Championship was played at Locust Hill.

The champion was Yani Tseng, age 22, with a 269 (−19) to win by ten strokes over Morgan Pressel. It was Tseng's second LPGA Championship victory (2008) and fourth major championship.  It was her third victory of 2011 and eighth career win on the LPGA Tour. It was the second consecutive year with a double-digit victory margin. Defending champion Cristie Kerr tied for third, eleven strokes back; she won by twelve strokes in 2010.

Yani Tseng
Yani Tseng (Chinese: 曾雅妮; pinyin: Zēng Yǎní; born 23 January 1989) is a Taiwanese professional golfer playing on the U.S.-based LPGA Tour. She is the youngest player ever, male or female, to win five major championships. She was ranked number 1 in the Women's World Golf Rankings for 109 consecutive weeks from 2011 to 2013.
Etxaguen (Zigoitia)
Etxaguen (Spanish: Echagüen, officially in Basque: Etxaguen (Zigoitia)) is a hamlet and concejo in the municipality of Zigoitia, in Álava province, Basque Country, Spain. It is located at the foothills of Oketa, in the Gorbea massif.

Zigoitia
Zigoitia (Basque pronunciation: [s̻iɣoiti.a], Spanish: Cigoitia [θiˈɣojtja]) is a municipality  in the province of Álava, in the Basque Country, northern Spain. Its capital is the village of Ondategi. In 2013 the largest common grave from the Spanish Civil War in the Basque Country was excavated in the locality.
Frank Wallace (piper)
Frank Wallace (fl. late 1800s), Irish musician.

Frank and his brother, Michael Wallace (piper) were born in County Mayo, somewhere between Ballina and Westport. He travelled with his brother, both in Ireland and Britain, but apparently not to America. He was judged to be inferior in talent to his brother.

Ballina, County Mayo
Ballina (/ˌbæləˈnɑː/ bal-ə-NA; Irish: Béal an Átha, meaning 'mouth of the ford') is a town in north County Mayo, Ireland. It lies at the mouth of the River Moy near Killala Bay, in the Moy valley and civil parish of Kilmoremoy, with the Ox Mountains to the east and the Nephin Mountains to the west. The town occupies two baronies; Tirawley on the west bank of the River Moy, and Tireragh, a barony within County Sligo, on its east banks. At the 2022 census, the population of Ballina was 10,556.
Lactobacillus amylovorus
Lactobacillus amylovorus is a species of Gram-positive lactic acid bacteria in the genus Lactobacillus. It was first described in 1981 following isolation from fermented cattle feed. The species is known for its ability to ferment starch and is commonly found in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs, as well as in silage and traditional fermented foods. Strains of L. amylovorus have probiotic potential and are used in livestock feed and functional food products.

Fermentation in food processing
In food processing, fermentation is the conversion of carbohydrates to alcohol or organic acids using microorganisms—yeasts or bacteria—without an oxidizing agent being used in the reaction. Fermentation usually implies that the action of microorganisms is desired. The science of fermentation is known as zymology or zymurgy.

The term "fermentation" sometimes refers specifically to the chemical conversion of sugars into ethanol, producing alcoholic drinks such as wine, beer, and cider. However, similar processes take place in the leavening of bread (CO2 produced by yeast activity), and in the preservation of sour foods with the production of lactic acid, such as in sauerkraut and yogurt.

Other widely consumed fermented foods include vinegar, olives, and cheese. More localized foods prepared by fermentation may also be based on beans, grain, vegetables, fruit, honey, dairy products, and fish.
"Índios"
"Índios" is a song composed by Renato Russo, released in 1986 on the Dois album by Legião Urbana and also released as the third single from the album in December the same year. A live version was also released in 2001 as a single from the live album Como é Que Se Diz Eu te Amo.

The song's title includes quotation marks, alluding to David Bowie's ""Heroes"". According to Russo, they are used to indicate that the title does not refer to Brazil's first inhabitants, but to the innocence instilled in the country's people since its beginnings, with them always being fooled by their leaders. The song begs for a different world, with less selfish people.

Dado Villa-Lobos
Eduardo "Dado" Dutra Villa-Lobos (born 29 June 1965) is a Belgian-born Brazilian musician, best known as the ex-guitarist of Brazilian rock band Legião Urbana. Along with singer Renato Russo and drummer Marcelo Bonfá, he was one of the founding members of that band, who formed in Brasília in 1982. Villa-Lobos remained with the band through all of their studio albums, until the group dissolved after the 1996 death of Russo. In 2005, he released his first solo album, Jardim de Cáctus, produced by Laufer.

On 30 May 2012, he attended the Tribute to Legião Urbana with Wagner Moura, where they clashed with a fan during the presentation.
Piff the Magic Dragon
John van der Put (born 9 June 1980) is an English magician and comedian, who performs under the stage name Piff the Magic Dragon. A winner of multiple awards from British magic societies, he toured as a supporting act for Mumford and Sons and has appeared on Penn & Teller: Fool Us and America's Got Talent. In June 2019, van der Put was named one of Variety's 10 Comics to Watch for 2019. Van der Put lives in Las Vegas and has a residency at The Flamingo.

The Magic Circle (organisation)
The Magic Circle is a British organisation dedicated to promoting and advancing the art of magic.

Applicants must qualify for membership, either through a performance exam or by a written thesis on a branch of magic, after which they are designated Members of The Magic Circle (M.M.C.). Further distinctions may earn them the titles Associate of the Inner Magic Circle (A.I.M.C.); and Member of The Inner Magic Circle (M.I.M.C), a select group limited to 300 members. The Circle was founded in 1905, and was male-only until 1991. There is a junior branch, the Young Magicians Club.
Katherine East
Katherine East is a Canadian–British actress.

Her television and film credits include Twisted Metal, Puck Hogs, My Babysitter's a Vampire (TV series), Being Erica, GravyTrain, Runaway, Blindness, MVP, Guns, Da Kink in My Hair, Puppets Who Kill, Puck Hogs, The Ron James Show, Covert Affairs, Saving Hope, Degrassi: The Next Generation, Sensitive Skin (Canadian TV series), Killjoys, 12 Monkeys, and The Bill. She has also appeared on stage in various productions in Canada, the United Kingdom and Georgia.

She was raised in the indigenous community of Killarney (Shebahonaning) in Ontario, Canada - an isolated 500 person fishing village with a general store, a one-room schoolhouse and frozen lake roads located on the shore of Georgian Bay. She often homeschooled in the winter on her family's sailboat in the Bahamas. After travelling solo around the world at 18 she moved to Britain to study acting. She now performs on both stage and screen.

Killarney, Ontario
Killarney is a municipality located on the northern shore of Georgian Bay in the Sudbury District of Ontario, Canada. Killarney is commonly associated with Killarney Provincial Park, which is a large wilderness park located to the east of the townsite which occupies much of the municipality's expanded boundary.

In addition to the community of Killarney itself, the communities of Hartley Bay and Bigwood, and the ghost towns of French River, Collins Inlet, and Key Harbour, are also located within the municipal boundaries. The eastern end of the La Cloche Mountain Range is also located within the municipality of Killarney.
2015 in Japanese literature
The following is an overview of the year 2015 in Japanese literature. It includes winners of literary awards, yearly best-sellers, title debuts and endings, and deaths of notable Japanese literature-related people, as well as any other relevant Japanese literature-related events. For an overview of the year in literature from other countries, see 2015 in literature; for an overview of the year in manga (Japanese comics), see 2015 in manga.

Japanese literature
Japanese literature throughout most of its history has been influenced by cultural contact with neighboring Asian literatures, most notably China and its literature. Early texts were often written in pure Classical Chinese or lit. 'Chinese writing' (漢文, kanbun), a Chinese-Japanese creole language. Indian literature also had an influence through the spread of Buddhism in Japan.

During the Heian period, Japan's original kokufū culture (lit. 'national culture') developed and literature also established its own style, with the significant usage and development of kana (仮名) to write Japanese literature.

Following the end of the sakoku policy and especially during the increasing westernization of the Meiji era, Western literature has also had an influence on the development of modern Japanese writers, while Japanese literature has in turn become more recognized internationally, leading to two Japanese Nobel laureates in literature, namely Yasunari Kawabata and Kenzaburō Ōe.
Higgins (surname)
Higgins is a surname found in England and in Ireland, with several origins.

In England, the name originates from:

the name Hugh

the name Hig (both the son of Hugh and a diminutive of Hugh)

Hicke, a diminutive of Richard

each then stemmed with the patronymic termination 'ings' meaning 'belonging to', or 'the son of'.

In Ireland, the name is the Anglicised form of the Gaelic name Ó hUiginn, 'descendant of Uiginn'. Although there is another variation which is also an Irish surname McHiggins. Uiginn being the Gaelic version of the Old Norse víkingr or Viking.

Goidelic languages
The Goidelic (/ɡɔɪˈdɛlɪk/ goy-DEL-ik) or Gaelic languages (/ˈɡeɪlɪk/ GALE-ik; Irish: teangacha Gaelacha; Scottish Gaelic: cànanan Goidhealach; Manx: çhengaghyn Gaelgagh) form one of the two groups of Insular Celtic languages, the other being the Brittonic languages.

Goidelic languages historically formed a dialect continuum stretching from Ireland through the Isle of Man to Scotland. There are three modern Goidelic languages: Irish (Gaeilge), Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig), and Manx (Gaelg). Manx died out as a first language in the 20th century but has since been revived to some degree.
Reggie Morris
James Reginald "Reggie" Morris (June 25, 1886 – February 16, 1928) was an American actor, director, and screenwriter of the silent era. He appeared in 46 films between 1913 and 1918. He also directed 40 films between 1917 and 1927. He was born in New Jersey.

In 1916, Morris eloped with May Repetto, a tobacco heiress from St. Louis. Repetto reportedly travelled to Los Angeles to meet Morris after seeing him in a film.

In 1928, Morris died suddenly in his bed in Los Angeles, California. His body was found by actress Linda Loredo, who was called for questioning after Morris's death.

Linda Loredo
Linda Loredo (June 20, 1907 – August 11, 1931) was an American-born actress and dancer of Mexican descent. She is most commonly associated with Spanish language versions of Laurel and Hardy short subjects. Her sister, Maria Loredo, was also an actress.
Born to Speed
Born to Speed is a 1947 American action film directed by Edward L. Cahn and written by Crane Wilbur, Scott Darling and Robert B. Churchill. The film stars Johnny Sands, Vivian Austin, Don Castle, Frank Orth, Geraldine Wall and Joe Haworth. It was released on January 12, 1947 by Producers Releasing Corporation.

Crane Wilbur
Crane Wilbur (November 17, 1886 – October 18, 1973) was an American writer, actor and director for stage, radio and screen. He was born in Athens, New York.  Wilbur is best remembered for playing Harry Marvin in The Perils of Pauline. He died in Toluca Lake, California.

He was a prolific writer and director of at least 67 films from the silent era into the sound era, but it was as an actor that he found lasting recognition, particularly playing opposite Pearl White in the iconic serial The Perils of Pauline. He brought to the first motion pictures merry eyes, a great, thick crop of wavy, black hair and an athlete's interest in swimming and horseback riding. Twelve years of stage experience prepared him for his venture into the new art of silent motion pictures.
Bubalina
Bubalina is a subtribe of Bovini (wild cattle) that includes the various species of true buffalo. Species include the African buffalo, the anoas, and the wild water buffalo (including the domesticated variant water buffalo). Buffaloes can be found naturally in sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia and Southeast Asia, and domestic and feral populations have been introduced to Europe, the Americas, and Australia. In addition to the living species, bubalinans have an extensive fossil record where remains have been found in much of Afro-Eurasia.

American bison are commonly referred to as "buffalo" but are not members of Bubalina.

Subtribe
In a social context, a subtribe is a secondary division of a broader ethnic grouping or tribe, functioning as a distinct unit defined by specific kinship ties, geographic territory, or linguistic dialects. For example, the Kipsigis are a major sub-tribe that falls under the broader Kalenjin ethnic group of East Africa.

This term also serves as a formal taxonomic rank in biological science, where it is positioned directly below a tribe (biology) and above a genus. Following this hierarchy, the Hyptidinae is a botanical subtribe categorized under the tribe Ocimeae within the mint family. In both fields, the "tribe" acts as the parent category, while the "subtribe" identifies a specific branch within that larger lineage, with scientific names typically ending in -ina for animals (e.g., Hominina) and -inae for plants.