hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nesebar Gap
Nesebar Gap (Sedlovina Nesebar \se-dlo-vi-'na ne-'se-b&r\) is a 1.3 km wide gap in eastern Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica bounded to the west by Pliska Ridge and to the east by the northern slope of Mount Friesland, Tangra Mountains.  It is part of the divide between the glacial catchments of Perunika Glacier to the north and Huntress Glacier to the south.  The gap is part of an overland route between Orpheus Gate to the west, and Camp Academia locality and Lozen Saddle to the east.

The Nesebar Gap was first mapped in detail by the Spanish Servicio Geográfico del Ejército in 1991.  Nesebar is the name of a town on the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast.

Orpheus Gate
Orpheus Gate (Orfeeva Porta \or-'fe-e-va 'por-ta\), also Orpheus Pass, is the 548 m high and 380 m wide pass in eastern Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, bounded by Pliska Ridge on the southeast and Polanco Peak in Burdick Ridge on the northwest, Huntress Glacier on the southwest and Perunika Glacier on the northeast.

The pass forms part of the overland routes from Hurd Peninsula via Willan Saddle, the southern foothills of Burdick South Peak, and Orpheus Gate to upper Perunika Glacier, Wörner Gap and Camp Academia area, upper Huron Glacier, Tangra Mountains and Bowles Ridge.

Orpheus, a name of world and national culture, was originally applied in 1995 to a nearby peak but, due to the priority of the existing British nameform Willan Nunatak, was subsequently transferred to the present feature.
2001 estyle.com Classic
The 2001 estyle.com Classic was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was part of the 2001 WTA Tour. It was the 28th edition of the tournament and took place in Manhattan Beach, California, United States, from August 6 through August 12, 2001. Second-seeded Lindsay Davenport won the singles title and earned $90,000 first-prize money.

2001 WTA Tour
The WTA Tour is the elite tour for professional women's tennis organised by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA). The WTA Tour includes the four Grand Slam tournaments, the WTA Tour Championships and the WTA Tier I, Tier II, Tier III, Tier IV and Tier V events. ITF tournaments are not part of the WTA Tour, although they award points for the WTA World Ranking.
Thermales-rpoB RNA motif
The Thermales-rpoB RNA motif is a conserved RNA structure that was discovered by bioinformatics.
Thermales-rpoB motifs are found in Thermales.

Thermales-rpoB motif RNAs likely function as cis-regulatory elements, in view of their positions upstream of protein-coding genes, which invariably encode subunits of RNA polymerase.  Such genes are also believed to be regulated by the Rhodo-rpoB RNA motif, although these two motifs occur in quite diverged lineages of bacteria.

Bioinformatics discovery of non-coding RNAs
Non-coding RNAs have been discovered using both experimental and bioinformatic approaches.  Bioinformatic approaches can be divided into three main categories.  The first involves homology search, although these techniques are by definition unable to find new classes of ncRNAs.  The second category includes algorithms designed to discover specific types of ncRNAs that have similar properties.  Finally, some discovery methods are based on very general properties of RNA, and are thus able to discover entirely new kinds of ncRNAs.
Amplidyne
An amplidyne is an obsolete electromechanical amplifier invented prior to World War II by Ernst Alexanderson. It consists of an electric motor driving a DC generator. The signal to be amplified is applied to the generator's field winding, and its output voltage is an amplified copy of the field current. The amplidyne was used in industry in high power servo and control systems, to amplify low power control signals to control powerful electric motors, for example.

Feedback
Feedback occurs when outputs of a system are routed back as inputs as part of a chain of cause and effect that forms a circuit or loop. The system can then be said to feed back into itself. The notion of cause-and-effect has to be handled carefully when applied to feedback systems:

Simple causal reasoning about a feedback system is difficult because the first system influences the second and second system influences the first, leading to a circular argument. This makes reasoning based upon cause and effect tricky, and it is necessary to analyze the system as a whole. As provided by Webster, feedback in business is the transmission of evaluative or corrective information about an action, event, or process to the original or controlling source.
Deaths in December 2018
The following is a list of notable deaths in December 2018.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent country of citizenship (if applicable), reason for notability, cause of death (if known), and reference.

Flemish Parliament
50°50′51″N 4°22′03″E﻿ / ﻿50.84750°N 4.36750°E﻿ / 50.84750; 4.36750

The Flemish Parliament (Dutch: Vlaams Parlementⓘ, formerly called Flemish Council or Vlaamse Raad) constitutes the legislative power in Flanders for matters which fall within the competence of Flanders, both as a geographic region and as a cultural community of Belgium (unlike the French Community and Wallonia, which each have separate legislatures: the Parliament of the French Community and the Parliament of Wallonia).

The Flemish Parliament approves decrees, which are Flemish laws, applicable to all persons in the Flemish Region, and to Flemish institutions in Brussels; it appoints and supervises the Flemish Government; and it approves the Flemish budget. The Flemish Parliament meets in the Flemish Parliament building in central Brussels, and its members and staff are housed in the House of the Flemish Representatives.
Nucleic acid metabolism
Nucleic acid metabolism refers to the set of chemical reactions involved in the synthesis and degradation of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA). Nucleic acids are polymers (biopolymers) composed of monomers called nucleotides.

Nucleotide synthesis is an anabolic process that typically involves the chemical reaction of a phosphate group, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base. In contrast, the degradation of nucleic acids is a catabolic process in which nucleotides or nucleobases are broken down, and their components can be salvaged to form new nucleotides.

Both synthesis and degradation reactions require multiple enzymes to facilitate these processes. Defects or deficiencies in these enzymes can lead to a variety of metabolic disorders.

Anabolism
Anabolism (/əˈnæbəlɪzəm/ ə-NAB-ə-liz-əm) is the set of metabolic pathways that construct macromolecules like DNA or RNA from smaller units. These reactions require energy, known also as an endergonic process. Anabolism is the building-up aspect of metabolism, whereas catabolism is the breaking-down aspect. Anabolism is usually synonymous with biosynthesis.
2023 South American Under-20 Beach Soccer Championship
The 2023 CONMEBOL South American Under-20 Beach Soccer Championship was the third edition of the South American Under-20 Beach Soccer Championship (known natively in Spanish and Portuguese as the CONMEBOL Sub-20 Fútbol Playa), an international youth beach soccer tournament for South American men's national teams comprising players under the age of 20. A biennial event, the tournament took place for the first time in four years after being unable to take place in 2021 due to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in South America.

The event took place between 6 and 13 August in Iquique, Chile. The championship was organised by CONMEBOL, the governing body for football in South America, in cooperation with the local organisers, the Football Federation of Chile (FFC).

Argentina were the defending champions, but finished in the last position of the tournament. Paraguay won its first title in the championship.

2019 South American Under-20 Beach Soccer Championship
The 2019 CONMEBOL South American Under-20 Beach Soccer Championship was the second edition of the South American Under-20 Beach Soccer Championship (known natively in Spanish as the Sudamericano Sub-20 Futbol Playa), an international youth beach soccer tournament for South American national teams of men under the age of 20.

The championship was organised by CONMEBOL, the governing body for football in South America, in cooperation with the local organisers, the Paraguayan Football Association (APF). The event took place between 8 and 15 December in Luque, Gran Asuncion, Paraguay.

Brazil were the defending champions but lost to Argentina in the final who claimed their first title in what was a repeat of the final of the previous edition, but with the reverse outcome.
Hyundai Lafesta
The Hyundai Lafesta (Chinese: 现代菲斯塔; pinyin: Xiàndài Fēisītǎ) is compact sedan manufactured by Hyundai through its Beijing Hyundai joint venture in China since 2018. It sits between the Hyundai Elantra and Hyundai Sonata in Hyundai's Chinese vehicle lineup.

Compact car
Compact car is a vehicle size class—predominantly used in North America—that sits between subcompact cars and mid-size cars. "Small family car" is a British term and a part of the C-segment in the European car classification. However, before the downsizing of the United States car industry in the 1970s and 1980s, larger vehicles with wheelbases up to 110 in (2.79 m) were considered "compact cars" in the United States.
Cryptophialus minutus
Cryptophialus minutus is a species of barnacle. One cluster in particular, dubbed Mr. Arthrobalanus, is notable for being the impetus for Charles Darwin's "Cirripedia project" and obsession with barnacles.

Barnacle
Barnacles are arthropods of the subclass Cirripedia in the subphylum Crustacea. They are related to crabs and lobsters, with similar nauplius larvae. Barnacles are exclusively marine invertebrates; many species live in shallow and tidal waters. Some 2,100 species have been described.

Barnacle adults are sessile; most are suspension feeders with hard calcareous shells, but the Rhizocephala are specialized parasites of other crustaceans, with reduced bodies. Barnacles have existed since at least the mid-Carboniferous, some 325 million years ago.

In folklore, barnacle geese were once held to emerge fully formed from goose barnacles. Both goose barnacles and the Chilean giant barnacle are fished and eaten. Barnacles are economically significant as biofouling on ships, where they cause hydrodynamic drag, reducing efficiency. In culture, Barnacle Bill became a comic folktype of a seaman, appearing in several films and a drinking song.
Azimpur Government Girls' School and College
Azimpur Government Girls' School and College (Bengali: আজিমপুর গভর্নমেন্ট গার্লস স্কুল এন্ড কলেজ) is a secondary and higher secondary school in Azimpur, Dhaka, Bangladesh. It was established in 1957 by the Welfare Association of Government Employees. In 1999 the school had an enrollment of some 2,700 students and a faculty of 82.

The institution is known for its cultural activities. It hosts educational events like Bangladesh Mathematics Olympiad and Bhasha Protijog. The school celebrated its Golden Jubilee and reunion in 2007.

The school started its classes in 1957. The first Head Master was Kazi Ambor Ali. In 1995, Azimpur Girls' College was established on the school campus. Both school and college united into a single institution in 1999.

It has nearly 7000 students and 92 teachers in total. The Principal is Geetanjali barua. Property of the institution includes 4 buildings, a large playground, a duplex auditorium
and a residence for the principal.

Azimpur, Dhaka
Azimpur (Bengali: আজিমপুর) is an old region in the old part of Dhaka, capital of Bangladesh. The region is named after 7th Mughal Emperor Azam Shah who was the youngest son and successor of Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb. Other accounts attribute the name to Azim-us-Shaan, the Nayeb-e-Nazim of Dhaka during the early 18th century, who was a grandson of Mughal emperor Aurangzeb. This area started to decay in the colonial era. In 1850, Azimpur shown as a no man's land in the map of surveyor general. In 1950, this area was redesigned as the government employee's residence.
Scissor doors
Scissor doors (also called swing-up doors, Lamborghini doors, and Lambo doors) are automobile doors that rotate vertically at a fixed hinge at the front of the door, rather than outward as with a conventional door.

Car door
A car door is a type of door opening, typically hinged on its front edge, but sometimes attached by other mechanisms such as tracks, for entering and exiting a vehicle. Doors most often integrate side windows for visibility from inside the car and can be locked to secure the vehicle.

Car doors may be manually operated or with power assist supplied by the vehicle. Powered doors or power doors may be found on minivans, luxury vehicles, or modified cars.
Miami Rock Ridge
The Miami Rock Ridge is an oolitic, continuous outcrop of limestone, part of the Miami Formation, which formerly covered a large extent of southernmost South Florida; as part of an ecosystem it formed portions of the Everglades. Rising 7 to 8.6 m (23 to 28 ft) above sea level, it ranges from northern Miami-Dade County—the approximate latitude of North Miami Beach—southward to the upper Florida Keys and southwestward into Everglades National Park, creating a karst-dominated landscape. The ridge is of Late Pleistocene origin. A series of tidal channels, dubbed transverse glades, formed within valleys in the ridge and acted as outlets for freshwater from the Everglades, thereby modifying the estuarine environment of Biscayne Bay. One of the few areas above pre-drainage sea level, the Miami Rock Ridge was heavily exploited for agriculture and real estate.

South Florida
South Florida, sometimes colloquially shortened to SoFlo, is the southernmost region of the U.S. state of Florida. It is one of Florida's three most commonly referred to directional regions; the two others are Central Florida and North Florida. South Florida is the southernmost part of the continental United States and the only region of the continental U.S. that includes some areas with a tropical climate.

South Florida is dominated by the Miami metropolitan area and the Everglades. It also contains the Florida Keys; three U.S. national parks: Biscayne, Dry Tortugas, and Everglades; and multiple cities.
Vizianagaram mandal
Vizianagaram mandal is one of the 34 mandals in Vizianagaram district of Andhra Pradesh, India. Vizianagaram city is the headquarters of the mandal. The mandal is bounded by Gantyada, Bondapalle, Nellimarla, Denkada, Jami mandals and Visakhapatnam district.

Out growth
An out growth (OG) is an urban settlement contiguous to another urban area (such as a statutory town, census town, or city) that possesses urban characteristics but is not qualified as an independent town. It should not possess any uninhabited areas, and should be strictly contiguous with the town.

The 2011 Census of India defined it as:

A viable unit such as a village or part of a village contiguous to a statutory town and possess the urban features in terms of infrastructure and amenities such as pucca roads, electricity, taps, drainage system, educational institutions, post offices, medical facilities, banks etc.

Examples of OGs are Railway colonies, university colonies and port areas, that may come up near a city or statutory towns outside its statutory limits but within the revenue limit of a village or villages contiguous to the town or city.
Yuriivka, Luhansk Oblast
Yuriivka (Ukrainian: Юріївка; Russian: Юрьевка, romanized: Yuryevka), formerly Yurivka (Ukrainian: Юр'ївка), is a rural settlement in Alchevsk urban hromada, Alchevsk Raion (district), Luhansk Oblast (region), Ukraine. Population: 2,882 (2022 estimate)

On 18 June 2025, the Verkhovna Rada renamed the village to Yuriivka to match Ukrainian language standards.

Alchevsk urban hromada
Alchevsk urban hromada (Ukrainian: Алчевська міська громада) is a hromada of Ukraine, located in Alchevsk Raion, Luhansk Oblast. Its administrative center is the city Alchevsk.

The hromada contains 35 settlements: 4 cities (Alchevsk, Zorynsk, Kypuche, and Perevalsk), 12 rural settlements:

And 19 villages:
One-cent coin
A one-cent coin or one-cent piece is a small-value coin minted for various decimal currencies using the cent as their hundredth subdivision.

Examples include:

the United States one-cent coin, better known as the US penny

the Canadian one-cent piece, better known as the Canadian penny

the Australian one-cent coin

the New Zealand one-cent coin

the Hong Kong one-cent coin

the Singapore one-cent coin

the Brunei one-cent coin

the one-cent coin of the decimal Dutch guilder (Netherlands)

the 1 cent euro coin used in several European countries known as the eurozone

the one-cent coin of the South African rand

Hong Kong one-cent coin
The one-cent coin was the smallest-denomination coin of the Hong Kong dollar since 1866 until its replacement in 1941 by the one-cent note. During World War II the loss of coins dated 1941 along with their subsequent melting during the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong has resulted in the survival of no more than 100 coins.
Edwin Butler Crittenden
Edwin Butler Crittenden FAIA (1915-2015) was an American architect practicing in Anchorage, Alaska. Referred to later in life as the "dean of Alaska architecture", he was the most notable Alaskan architect of the 20th century.

Fellow of the American Institute of Architects
Fellow of the American Institute of Architects (FAIA) is a postnominal title or membership, designating an individual who has been named a fellow of the American Institute of Architects (AIA).

Fellowship is bestowed by the institute on AIA-member architects who have made outstanding contributions to the profession through design excellence, contributions in the field of architectural education, or to the advancement of the profession. In 2014, fewer than 3,200 of the more than 80,000 AIA members were fellows. Honorary Fellowship (Hon. FAIA) is awarded to foreign (non-U.S. citizen) architects, and to non-architects who have made substantial contributions to the field of architecture or to the institute.
HD 88133
HD 88133 is a yellow star with an orbiting exoplanet in the equatorial constellation of Leo. It has an apparent visual magnitude of 8.01, which is too faint to be visible to the naked eye. With a small telescope it should be easily visible. The distance to this system, as measured through parallax, is 240 light years, but it is slowly drifting closer with a radial velocity of −3.6 km/s.

This is classified as an ordinary G-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of G8V. However, D. A. Fischer and associates in 2005 listed a class of G5 IV, suggesting it is instead a subgiant star that is evolving away from the main sequence having exhausted the hydrogen at its core. It is about 5 billion years old and is spinning with a projected rotational velocity of 4.9 km/s. The star has 23% more mass than the Sun and has double the Sun's girth. It is radiating over three times the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 5,414 K.

Leo (constellation)
Leo /ˈliːoʊ/ is one of the constellations of the zodiac, between Cancer, the Crab, to the west and Virgo, the Maiden, to the east. It is located in the Northern celestial hemisphere. Its name is Latin for lion, and to the ancient Greeks represented the Nemean Lion killed by the mythical Greek hero Heracles as one of his twelve labors. Its old astronomical symbol is  (♌︎). One of the 48 constellations described by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, Leo remains one of the 88 modern constellations today, and one of the most easily recognizable due to its many bright stars and a distinctive shape that is reminiscent of the crouching lion it depicts.
NASCAR on television in the 1980s
Before the existence of ESPN, live coverage of NASCAR Winston Cup races on television was limited. CBS covered the Daytona 500, the June race at Michigan and the July race at Talladega. ABC usually did the Atlanta race in the spring.

Mizlou Television Network
Mizlou Television Network was a sports broadcast television network active from 1968–1991. In 1968, its predecessor, the Unisphere Broadcasting System (UBS) was re-established as Mizlou Television Network, which is now based in Tampa, Florida. Mizlou later branched out into cable sports channels.
Hiking in Chile
Hiking in Chile is characterized by a wide range of environments and climates for hikers, which largely results from Chile's unusual, ribbon-like shape, which is 4,300 kilometres (2,700 miles) long and on average 175 kilometres (109 miles) wide. These range from the world's driest desert, the Atacama, in the north, through a Mediterranean climate in the center, to the glaciers, fjords and lakes of Patagonia in the south.

The longest hiking trail in Chile is the informal 3,000 km (1,850 mi) Greater Patagonian Trail that was created by a non-governmental initiative.

South American gray fox
The South American gray fox (Lycalopex griseus), also known as the Patagonian fox, the chilla or zorro gris (gray fox or gray zorro), is a South American species of Lycalopex (the "false" or lesser foxes) in the Canidae family, which includes dogs, wolves, jackals, coyotes and foxes, among other canids. It is endemic to the southern parts of Argentina and Chile, primarily Patagonia.
Silver Bowl (horse race)
The Silver Bowl Stakes is a flat handicap horse race in Great Britain open to three-year-olds. It is run at Haydock Park over a distance of 1 mile and 37 yards (1,643 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year at the end of May.

Haydock Park Racecourse
Haydock Park Racecourse is a racecourse in Merseyside, North West England. The racecourse is set in an area of parkland bounded by the towns of Haydock to the west, Ashton-in-Makerfield to the north, Golborne to the east and Newton-le-Willows to the south. Horse racing had been run in Newton for many years (the great racemare Queen of Trumps won at Newton in 1836), and the venue was also used for hare coursing in the 1880s. The current racecourse was opened in 1899. Much of the course's early development was overseen by Sydney Sandon, who served as course secretary, chairman and managing director in the early 20th century.
The Day Hell Broke Loose at Sicard Hollow
The Day Hell Broke Loose at Sicard Hollow is a digital EP by Maylene and the Sons of Disaster, being released on Ferret Records. It has three songs, two of which were later featured on their second album, II. Another is a song that did not make the cut for the first album.

II (Maylene and the Sons of Disaster album)
II is the second studio album by Maylene and the Sons of Disaster. It was released on March 20, 2007, on Ferret Records.

The album sold about 6,000 copies in the United States in its first week, earning them their first placement in the Billboard 200 at #156.

A music video was produced for "Dry the River" and found substantial airplay on MTV2's Headbangers Ball. It has the band performing in the shallow end of a creek and the surrounding forest at night. They are eventually subdued by apparent hunters and dragged through the woods, as depicted on the album cover. Contrary to popular belief, Underoath drummer Aaron Gillespie does not appear in the video. The song "Darkest of Kin" also had a music video.

The song "Memories of the Grove" is featured in the video games Tony Hawk's Proving Ground and a downloadable track on Guitar Hero II
Pott (rum)
Pott also known as Der Gute Pott is a spirits brand for brown overseas rum of the company H. H. Pott Nachfgr. Vertriebsgesellschaft mbH Rumhandelshaus, in Flensburg. It has been a subsidiary of Henkell & Co. Sektkellerei, a member of the Oetker Group, since 2006.

Dr. Oetker
Dr. Oetker (German pronunciation: [ˌdɔktoːɐ̯ ˈʔœtkɐ]) is a German multinational company that produces baking powder, cake mixes, frozen pizza, pudding, cake decoration, cornflakes, birthday candles, beer, and various other products.

The company is a wholly owned branch of the Oetker Group, headquartered in Bielefeld, Germany.