hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cheonghae Unit
The Cheonghae Unit (청해부대; 淸海部隊), alternatively known as Somalia Sea Escort Task Group (Korean: 소말리아 해역 호송전대), is the naval unit established by the Republic of Korea Navy to protect civilian ships near the coast of Somalia under Combined Task Force 151. The naval task force is named after the historical 9th-century Korean military base Cheonghaejin.

Deployed from Jinhae Naval Base, the modern-day unit is responsible for safely escorting hundreds of commercial vessels and several rescues involving ships from The Bahamas, Denmark, North Korea and South Korea. In January 2011, commandos in the Cheonghae Unit successfully executed a highly publicized rescue of a South Korean tanker, freeing crew members held hostage by Somali pirates.

Commander Fleet Activities Chinhae
Commander Fleet Activities Chinhae (Korean: 진해 함대지원부대; Hanja: 鎭海艦隊支援部隊), also known as CFAC, is a United States Navy's unit in the Jinhae district of Changwon, South Korea. It is located near Busan and is the one of two U.S. Naval Installations on mainland Asia.
Fake news in Pakistan
The issue of Fake News in Pakistan has become an increasing issue in the 21st century, especially within the realm of social media. The President of Pakistan, Arif Alvi, has penned an editorial for The News specifically condemning the plague of falsehoods that permeate the media and how it "created a deep sense of surprise and resentment in a population suffering from inflation and poverty".

The News International
The News International, published in broadsheet size, is one of the largest English language newspapers in Pakistan.

It is published daily from Karachi, Lahore and Rawalpindi/Islamabad.

An overseas edition is published from London that caters to the Pakistani community in the United Kingdom.
Kalmashapada
Kalmashapada (Sanskrit: कल्माषपाद, romanized: Kalmāṣapāda), also known as Saudasa (Sanskrit: सौदास, romanized: Saudāsa), Mitrasaha (Sanskrit: मित्रसह, romanized: Mitrasaha), and Amitrasaha (Sanskrit: अमित्रसह, romanized: Amitrasaha) is a king of the Ikshvaku dynasty (the Solar dynasty) In Hindu scriptures, who was cursed to be a rakshasa (demon) by the sage Shakti. He is described as an ancestor of Rama, the avatar of the god Vishnu and the hero of the Hindu epic Ramayana.

Many texts narrate how Kalmashapada was cursed to die if he had intercourse with his queen, so he obtained a son from Vashishtha by niyoga, an ancient tradition whereby a husband can nominate another man to impregnate his wife.  Kalmashapada's story is narrated in various works, including the classic epic poems Mahabharata and Ramayana, and the Puranas.

Hindu mythology
Hindu mythology refers to the collection of myths associated with Hinduism, derived from various Hindu texts and traditions. These myths are found in sacred texts such as the Vedas, the Itihasas (the Mahabharata and the Ramayana), and the Puranas. They also appear in regional and ethnolinguistic texts, including the Bengali Mangal Kavya and the Tamil Periya Puranam and Divya Prabandham. Additionally, Hindu myths are also found in widely translated fables like the Panchatantra and the Hitopadesha, as well as in Southeast Asian texts influenced by Hindu traditions.
Isbul
Isbul (Bulgarian: Исбул) (fl. 820s–830s) was the kavhan, or first minister, of the First Bulgarian Empire during the reigns of Omurtag, Malamir and Presian I. Appointed to the kavhan office under Omurtag, Isbul was a regent or co-ruler of the underage Malamir and his successor Presian.

Under Malamir and Presian, Isbul headed Bulgaria's successful campaigns against the Byzantines in southern Thrace and eastern Macedonia, which led to a significant territorial expansion of the Bulgarian realm. As a co-ruler of Malamir, Isbul also financed the construction of a water conduit in the capital Pliska. As second-in-command, Isbul held enormous power and wealth, and was unusually often mentioned beside the name of the ruler in inscriptions. Due to his merits, Isbul has been described as an architect of medieval Bulgarian statehood by historians.

Macedonia (region)
Macedonia (/ˌmæsɪˈdoʊniə/ ⓘ MASS-ih-DOH-nee-ə) is a geographical and historical region of the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe. Its boundaries have changed considerably over time; however, it came to be defined as the modern geographical region by the mid-19th century. Today the region is considered to include parts of six Balkan countries: all of North Macedonia, large parts of Greece and Bulgaria, and smaller parts of Albania, Serbia, and Kosovo. Greek Macedonia comprises about half of Macedonia's area and population.

Its oldest known settlements date back approximately to 7,000 BC. From the middle of the 4th century BC, the Kingdom of Macedon became the dominant power on the Balkan Peninsula; since then Macedonia has had a diverse history.
Alan Arthur (footballer)
Alan Graham Arthur (12 November 1905 – 9 August 1979) was an Australian rules footballer who played thirty games for Essendon in 1928 and 1930 in the Victorian Football League (now the AFL).

Arthur played thirty games and kicked fifty-four goals for Essendon, debuting against Geelong in round 4, 1928 and playing his final game against Collingwood in round 18, 1930.

Originally from the Sandhurst Football Club, he returned there after leaving Essendon, before playing and coaching at Golden Square and was captain-coach of Dimboola's 1937 Wimmera Football League premiership team.

He then moved to South Australia to coach Norwood in the South Australian National Football League in 1938 for two years.

He was the father of Graham Arthur who captained and coached the Hawthorn Football Club.

Sandhurst Football Netball Club
The Sandhurst Football Netball Club, nicknamed the Dragons, is an Australian rules football and netball club based in Bendigo, Victoria. Sandhurst is the former name of that city.

The club currently competes in the Bendigo Football Netball League. The football team is tied with Eaglehawk as the most successful team in the BFNL, with 28 premierships.
Swiss Association for Standardization
The Swiss Association for Standardization (SNV, German: Schweizerische Normen-Vereinigung, French: Association Suisse de Normalisation) is in charge of Switzerland's international cooperation and acceptance in the field of standardization. It is a founding member of both ISO and CEN.

The Swiss Association for Standardization liaises between experts of standardization and users of standards.

Standardization
Standardization (American English) or standardisation (British English) is the process of implementing and developing technical standards based on the consensus of different parties that include firms, users, interest groups, standards organizations and governments. Standardization can help maximize compatibility, interoperability, safety, repeatability, efficiency, and quality. It can also facilitate a normalization of formerly custom processes.

In social sciences, including economics, the idea of standardization is close to the solution for a coordination problem, a situation in which all parties can realize mutual gains, but only by making mutually consistent decisions. Divergent national standards impose costs on consumers and can be a form of non-tariff trade barrier.
Humeral spine
Humeral spines are ventrolateral extensions of the humeral crista ventralis. These structures are present in the humerus of some frogs (anurans). The majority of anuran species that present humeral spines are glassfrogs (family Centrolenidae) but humeral spines have been reported in various other species of different families of frogs, including Leptodactylidae and Hylidae.

In all cases, humeral spines are present in males but not in females.

Female
An organism's sex is female (symbol: ♀) if it produces the ovum (egg cell), the type of gamete (sex cell) that fuses with the male gamete (sperm cell) during sexual reproduction.

A female has larger gametes than a male. Females and males are results of the anisogamous reproduction system, wherein gametes are of different sizes (unlike isogamy where they are the same size).

In species that have males and females, sex-determination may be based on either sex chromosomes, or environmental conditions. Most female mammals, including female humans, have two X chromosomes. Characteristics of organisms with a female sex vary between different species, having different female reproductive systems, with some species showing characteristics secondary to the reproductive system, as with mammary glands in mammals.

In humans, the word female can also be used to refer to gender in the social sense of gender role or gender identity.
Dean Yendall
Dean Yendall (born 1974) is an Australian jockey based in Victoria.

Yendall was born in Melbourne and grew up in the suburb of Westmeadows before moving to the country when he was 14. He began his riding career in 1991. As of late February 2026, he has ridden 2,836 winners, including six in Group One races. He is a lightweight jockey, able to ride at 49 kilograms. He has twice won the Group One Empire Rose Stakes, on the three-year-old fillies I Am A Star in 2016 and Shoals in 2017, who each carried 49 kilograms.

Yendall has consistently ridden more than 100 winners a season, mostly in country races. Between 2011 and 2017 he won the Neville Wilson Medal, for the jockey with the most wins in the Victorian country season, in seven successive seasons.

Yendall lives in Horsham with his wife, fellow jockey Christine Puls. In April 2016 they rode a dead heat at a race meeting at Mildura.

Dead heat
A dead heat is a rare situation in various racing sports in which the performances of competitors are judged to be so close that no difference between them can be resolved. The result is declared a tie and the competitors are awarded a joint ranking. Dead heats can occur in both head-to-head races and competitions where competitors race sequentially and are ranked by finishing time.

Photo finishes have been a long-standing method of resolving outcomes too ambiguous to be distinguished by the naked eye. Improvements in technology, including digital super-slow motion replay and pressure-sensitive digital timers, have increased precision in resolving dead heats.  Consequently, dead heats are declared less often than they once were.
Susan L. Burke
Susan L. Burke (born July 30, 1962) is an American lawyer noted for her work to reform the military system of prosecuting rape and assault and in representing plaintiffs suing the American military or military contractors, such as the Abtan v. Blackwater case. She represented former detainees of Abu Ghraib prison in a suit against interrogators and translators from CACI and Titan Corp. who were tasked with obtaining military intelligence from them during their detention. Her work was featured in the documentaries The Invisible War and Ghosts of Abu Ghraib. In 2015, the National Law Journal named Burke one of the top 75 female attorneys in the nation.

Abtan v. Blackwater
Atban v. Blackwater, 611 F. Supp. 2d 1 (D.D.C. 2009), was a lawsuit brought by the victims and families affected by the September 16, 2007 Blackwater Baghdad shootings against Blackwater Worldwide, a private military contractor since renamed Academi. The case was consolidated with Estate of Albazzaz, et al. v. Blackwater Lodge and Training Center, Inc. et al., and the consolidated case was ultimately settled confidentially out of court.
Seydi, Iran
Seydi (Persian: صیدی, also Romanized as Şeydī, Şayādī, and Şayyādī; also known as Şeyd and Şayyād) is a village in Jam Rural District, in the Central District of Jam County, Bushehr province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 482, in 100 families.

Bushehr province
Bushehr Province (Persian: استان بوشهر) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is in the south of the country, with a long coastline on the Persian Gulf. Its capital is the city of Bushehr.

The province was made a part of Region 2 upon the division of the provinces into five regions, solely for coordination and development purposes, on 22 June 2014.
Ebastine
Ebastine is a H1 antihistamine with low potential for causing drowsiness.

It does not penetrate the blood–brain barrier to a significant amount and thus combines an effective block of the H1 receptor in peripheral tissue with a low incidence of central side effects, i.e. seldom causing sedation or drowsiness.

It was patented in 1983 by Almirall S.A  and came into medical use in 1990. The substance is often provided in micronised form due to poor water solubility.

Micronization
Micronization is the process of reducing the average diameter of a solid material's particles. Traditional techniques for micronization focus on mechanical means, such as milling and grinding. Modern techniques make use of the properties of supercritical fluids and manipulate the principles of solubility.

The term micronization usually refers to the reduction of average particle diameters to the micrometer range, but can also describe further reduction to the nanometer scale. Common applications include the production of active chemical ingredients, foodstuff ingredients, and pharmaceuticals. These chemicals need to be micronized to increase efficacy.
Alf Andersen
Alf Steen Andersen (15 May 1906 – 12 April 1975) was a Norwegian ski jumper.
He was born in Drammen, but represented the Oslo clubs Sandaker, Skeid and Lyn. He won the gold medal in the individual large hill at the 1928 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz. He also won a bronze medal in the individual large hill at the 1935 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in Vysoké Tatry.

He died in 1975 in Frogn.

Vysoké Tatry
Vysoké Tatry (lit. 'High Tatras'; Hungarian: Magastátra, pronounced [ˈmɒgɒʃtaːtrɒ]; Polish: Wysokie Tatry, pronounced [vɨˈsɔkʲɛ ˈtatrɨ]; Czech: Vysoké Tatry, pronounced ['vɪsokeː tatrɪ]), formally Mesto Vysoké Tatry (lit. 'The Town of High Tatras') is a town at the feet of the Slovak part of High Tatras in Slovakia including all the major resorts in that region. It was created in 1990, and its official name from 1990 to 1999 was Starý Smokovec, which is the name of one of its major settlements.
Lupinacci
Lupinacci is a surname of Italian origin. Notable people with the surname include:

Chad A. Lupinacci (born 1979), American politician

Ercole Lupinacci (1933–2016), Italian Roman Catholic bishop

Julio César Lupinacci Gabriel (1928–2008), Uruguayan diplomat

Chad Lupinacci
Chad A. Lupinacci (born February 28, 1979) is an American politician who served as the town supervisor of Huntington, New York and as a former member of the 10th District of the New York Assembly. He is a Republican.
Hugh Davson
Hugh Davson (25 November 1909 – 2 July 1996) was an English physiologist who worked on membrane transport and ocular fluids.

Davson was born in Paddington, London, the son of physician Wilfred Maynard Davson and Mary Louisa Scott.

He attended University College School. He later studied at University College London and took a variety of research posts at institutes such as UCL, and Canada's Dalhousie University. With James Danielli he proposed a model for cell membrane structure which became known as the Davson-Danielli or "protein sandwich" model.
In 1931 he married the society portrait painter Marjorie Heath with whom he had one daughter.
He was a cousin of the renowned journalist and broadcaster, Alistair Cooke.

He had intimate friendships with influential individuals such as Winston Churchill and Clement Attlee.

Paddington
Paddington is an area in the City of Westminster, in central London, England. A medieval parish then a metropolitan borough of the County of London, it was integrated with Westminster and Greater London in 1965. Paddington station, designed by the engineer Isambard Kingdom Brunel opened in 1847. It is also the site of St Mary's Hospital and the former Paddington Green Police Station.

Paddington Waterside aims to regenerate former railway and canal land.  Districts within Paddington are Maida Vale, Westbourne and Bayswater including Lancaster Gate.
Parenica
Parenica is a traditional Slovak cheese. Parenica is a semi-firm, non-ripening, semi-fat, steamed and usually smoked cheese, although a non-smoked version is also produced. Parenica is cream and yellow in color, which is darkened by steaming. The cheese is produced in strips, which are woven into snail-like spirals.  Originally, in the 1800s, it was made from pure non-pasteurized sheep's milk.  Modern varieties are also produced from cow's milk or milk mixtures.  Typical cheese rolls weigh about 100 grams (0.1 kg / 0.2 pound / 3 oz).

The name comes from the Slovak word for steaming. Slovenská parenica is a protected trade name under the EU's protected geographical indication.

Protected designation of origin
The protected designation of origin (PDO) is a type of geographical indication of the European Union aimed at preserving the designations of origin of food-related products. The designation was created in 1992 and its main purpose is to designate products that have been produced, processed and developed in a specific geographical area, using the recognized know-how of local producers and ingredients from the region concerned.
Stanley Charles Harris
Stanley Charles Harris (1884 – 31 January 1909) was an English footballer who played as a forward for Spanish club FC Barcelona. He is best known for being the very first player in Barça's history to have been sent off during a match.

Catalan football championship
The Catalan football championship (Campionat de Catalunya) was a football competition in Catalonia and the first football league in Spain before La Liga was established in 1929.

In December 1900, Alfons Macaya, the president of Hispania AC, offered a trophy (the Copa Macaya) to be contested by several football teams from Spain. The league was played between 1901 and 1940 and was cancelled in Francoist Spain after the Spanish Civil War.
5th Dáil
The 5th Dáil was elected at the June 1927 general election on 9 June 1927 and met on 23 June 1927. The members of Dáil Éireann, the House of Representatives of the Oireachtas (legislature) of the Irish Free State, are known as TDs. It was one of two houses of the Oireachtas, sitting with the First Seanad constituted as the 1925 Seanad. The 5th Dáil was dissolved on 25 August 1927 by Governor-General Tim Healy, at the advice of the President of the Executive Council W. T. Cosgrave. The 5th Dáil is the shortest Dáil in the history of the state, lasting only 63 days.

President of the Executive Council of the Irish Free State
The President of the Executive Council of the Irish Free State (Irish: Uachtarán ar Ard-Chomhairle Shaorstát Éireann) was the head of government or prime minister of the Irish Free State which existed from 1922 to 1937. He was the chairman of the Executive Council of the Irish Free State, the Free State's cabinet. The President was appointed by the Governor-General, upon the nomination of Dáil Éireann (the lower house of the Oireachtas of parliament) and had to enjoy the confidence of the Dáil to remain in office. The office was succeeded by that of Taoiseach, though subsequent Taoisigh are numbered from the first President of the Executive Council.
1965 Australian Tourist Trophy
The 1965 Australian Tourist Trophy was a motor race staged at the Lakeside circuit in Queensland, Australia on 14 November 1965. It was the ninth annual Australian Tourist Trophy race. The race was open to sports cars as defined by the Confederation of Australian Motor Sport (CAMS) in its Appendix C regulations, and it was recognized by CAMS as the Australian championship for sports cars. It was won by Ian Geoghegan driving a Lotus 23b.

Motorsport Australia
Motorsport Australia, formerly the Confederation of Australian Motor Sport (CAMS), is the nationally recognised governing and sanctioning body for four-wheeled motorsport in Australia. It is affiliated with the Federation Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA).
Kleinheubach
Kleinheubach is a market municipality in the Miltenberg district in the Regierungsbezirk of Lower Franconia (Unterfranken) in Bavaria, Germany and the seat of the like-named Verwaltungsgemeinschaft (municipal association). As of the 2011 census, it has a population of around 3,614.

Löwenstein-Wertheim
Löwenstein-Wertheim was a county of the Holy Roman Empire, part of the Franconian Circle. It was formed from the counties of Löwenstein (based in the town of Löwenstein) and Wertheim (based in the town of Wertheim am Main) and from 1488 until 1806 ruled by the House of Löwenstein-Wertheim who are morganatic descendants (and the most senior line) of the Palatinate branch of the House of Wittelsbach.
Jorge Dávila Vásquez
Jorge Dávila Vázquez is an Ecuadorian writer and critic. He was born in 1947 in Cuenca in the province of Azuay.

He studied at the Universidad de Cuenca. He grew up in a literary environment, as his uncle was the poet César Dávila Andrade. He was also interested in the stage, and was involved with an experimental theatre group in his youth. He won a scholarship to study stage direction in France in 1970/71.

His first book of poems, Nueva canción de Eurídice y Orfeo, came out in 1975. This was followed by the experimental novel María Joaquina en la vida y en la muerte (1976) and the short story collection Este mundo es el camino (1980). Both books won the Premio Aurelio Espinosa Pólit. Other noted works include Los tiempos del olvido (1977) and El libro de los sueños (2001).

In 2016, he won the Premio Nacional Eugenio Espejo in recognition of his lifelong contributions to literature.

Blocking (stage)
In theatre, blocking is the precise arrangement of actors to facilitate the performance of a play, ballet, film or opera. Historically, the expectations of staging/blocking have changed substantially over time in Western theatre. Prior to the movements toward realism that occurred in the 19th century, most staging used a tableau approach, in which a stage picture was established whenever characters entered or left the stage. This ensured that leading performers were shown to their best advantage. In more recent times, while nothing is different about showing leading performers to their best advantage, there have been changing cultural expectations that have made blocking/staging more complicated.

There are also artistic reasons why blocking can be crucial. Through careful use of positioning on the stage, a director or performer can establish or change the significance of a scene. Different artistic principles can inform blocking, including minimalism and naturalism.
Sensations (film)
Sensations is a 1975 pornographic film written by Veronique Monod, directed by Lasse Braun, and starring the writer and Brigitte Maier. It also features an appearance by Tuppy Owens. Exhibited at the Cannes Film Festival, it became the first European pornographic film to be distributed in the United States.

Lasse Braun
Lasse Braun (born Alberto Ferro; April 8 1936 – February 16 2015) was an Italian pornographer, film director, producer, screenwriter, novelist and researcher.

He initially produced so-called loops, ten-minute hardcore movies that he sold to Reuben Sturman, who distributed them to 60,000 American peep show booths.

Braun is the father of Axel Braun.
Meji Alabi
Meji Alabi listenⓘ(born 13 December 1988) is a London-born Nigerian filmmaker, director, photographer and producer. He is a director and has worked alongside Beyonce, Burna Boy, Wizkid,Davido, Tiwa Savage, Popcaan, Goldlink, Koffee and Nasty C. He directed his first feature film in 2024, Water and Garri, starring Tiwa Savage.

Original Koffee
Mikayla Victoria Simpson (born 16 February 2000), who performs under the stage name Original Koffee and formerly as Koffee, is a Jamaican singer, songwriter, rapper, and guitarist from Spanish Town. She released her debut single "Burning" in 2017, and signed with Columbia Records after releasing another single the following year. Her 2019 debut EP Rapture won the Grammy Award for Best Reggae Album at the 62nd Annual Grammy Awards, making Koffee both the youngest person and only woman to be awarded in the Best Reggae Album category. Her most recent album, Gifted was released on 25 March 2022.