hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lunula (amulet)
A lunula (pl. lunulae) was a crescent moon shaped pendant worn by girls in ancient Rome. Girls ideally wore them as an apotropaic amulet, the equivalent of the boy's bulla. In the popular belief the Romans wore amulets usually as a talisman, to protect themselves against evil forces, demons and sorcery, but especially against the evil eye. Lunulae were common throughout the entire Mediterranean region while their male counterpart, the bulla, was most popular in Italy. In Plautus' play, Epidicus asks the young girl Telestis: "Don't you remember my bringing you a gold lunula on your birthday, and a little gold ring for your finger?" An explicit definition is provided by Isidore of Seville: "Lunulae are female ornaments in the likeness of the moon, little hanging gold bullae." But in Plautus' play Rudens, Palaestra says her father gave her a golden bulla on the day of her birth.

Pendant
A pendant is a loose-hanging piece of jewellery, generally attached by a small loop to a necklace, which may be known as a "pendant necklace". A pendant earring is an earring with a piece hanging down.  Its name stems from the Latin word pendere and Old French word pendr, both of which translate to "to hang down". In modern French, pendant is the gerund form of pendre ("to hang") and also means "during". The extent to which the design of a pendant can be incorporated into an overall necklace makes it not always accurate to treat them as separate items.

In some cases, though, the separation between necklace and pendant is far clearer.
Earthworks (archaeology)
In archaeology, earthworks are artificial changes in land level, typically made from piles of artificially placed or sculpted rocks and soil. Earthworks can themselves be archaeological features, or they can show features beneath the surface.

Round barrow
A round barrow is a type of tumulus and is one of the most common types of archaeological monuments. Although concentrated in Europe, they are found in many parts of the world, probably because of their simple construction and universal purpose.

In Britain, most of them were built between 2200BC and 1100BC.  This was the Late Neolithic period to the Late Bronze Age.  Later Iron Age barrows were mostly different, and sometimes square.
Willington Quay
Willington Quay is an area in the borough of North Tyneside in Tyne and Wear in northern England. It is on the north bank of the River Tyne, facing Jarrow, and between Wallsend and North Shields. It is served by the Howdon Metro station in Howdon. The area from 2006 onwards has been an area of new housing built on brownfield sites. The house building continues into 2013 and is changing the social and economic balance in the area. The area has also had a make over of the bowling green off Howdon Lane and further warehousing next to the bowling green has been demolished to make way for further new housing.

Jarrow
Jarrow (/ˈdʒæroʊ/ or /ˈdʒærə/) is a town in South Tyneside in the county of Tyne and Wear, England. Historically in County Durham, it is on the south bank of the River Tyne, about three miles (five kilometres) from the east coast. It is home to the southern portal of the Tyne Tunnel and five miles (eight kilometres) east of Newcastle upon Tyne. At the 2021 census the Jarrow built up area as defined by the Office for National Statistics had a population of 29,470.

In the eighth century, St Paul's Monastery in Jarrow (now Monkwearmouth–Jarrow Abbey) was the home of the Venerable Bede, who is regarded as the greatest Anglo-Saxon scholar and the father of English history. The town is part of the historic County Palatine of Durham. From the middle of the 19th century until 1935, Jarrow was a centre for shipbuilding, and was the starting point of the Jarrow March against unemployment in 1936.
Peterbot
Peter Kata (born June 20, 2007), better known as Peterbot, is a Hungarian-American Fortnite Battle Royale player and twitch streamer currently playing for Team Falcons. Having won the 2024 FNCS Global Championship, among multiple other FNCS events, he is widely regarded as one of the best Fortnite Battle Royale players of all time. As of 2025, Kata has earned over $900,000 in Fortnite tournament prize money.

Hungarian Americans
Hungarian Americans (Hungarian: amerikai magyarok, pronounced [ˈɒmɛrikɒji ˈmɒɟɒrok]) are Americans of Hungarian descent. The U.S. Census Bureau has estimated that there are approximately 1.396 million Americans of Hungarian descent as of 2018. The total number of people with ethnic Hungarian background is estimated to be around 4 million. The largest concentration is in the Greater Cleveland Metropolitan Area in Northeast Ohio. At one time, the presence of Hungarians within Cleveland proper was so great that the city was known as the "American Debrecen," with one of the highest concentrations of Hungarians in the world.
Abdulrahman Dambazau
Abdulrahman Bello Dambazau CFR GSS, psc, ndc, fwc(+) (born 14 March 1954) is a retired Nigerian army general and politician who served as Chief of Army Staff from 2008 to 2010 and in President Muhammadu Buhari's Cabinet as Minister of the Interior from 2015 to 2019. Dambazau is a renowned strategist, especially In National and regional security issues. He is a skillful writer with wide and deep research in various field of human behavior. He is a Criminologist well known for his contribution In the field, and he is also focused on the study and care victims of crime, disaster and conflicts. He is currently the Pro - chancellor Capital City University Kano.

Cabinet of Nigeria
The Federal Executive Council (FEC), also simply known as the Cabinet, is the cabinet of ministers of the Federal Republic of Nigeria and is part of the executive branch of the Government of Nigeria. The council's role, as written in the Ministers' Statutory Powers and Duties Act, is to serve as an advisory body to the President of Nigeria, who serves as the FEC's chairman. Members of the cabinet are appointed by and report to the President, who can dismiss them at will. The cabinet currently consists of 24 Federal Ministries, each responsible for some aspect of providing government services, as well as a number of parastatals (government-owned corporations).
Oliver Klaus
Oliver Klaus (born 4 May 1990) is a Swiss former footballer who played as goalkeeper from the late 2000s up until the 2020s. He was Swiss youth international footballer. Since October 2022 he is the sporting director of USV Eschen/Mauren.

SC Kriens
SC Kriens is a football club based in Kriens, Switzerland, that currently competing in the Promotion League, the third tier of Swiss football. The club uses Stadion Kleinfeld as home ground, and form a local rivalry with FC Luzern.

SC Kriens women's team has been participating in the Nationalliga A since 2008.
Gymnastics at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Three gymnastics disciplines were contested at the 2012 Olympic Games in London: artistic gymnastics, rhythmic gymnastics and trampolining. The trampoline events were held at the North Greenwich Arena (normally called The O2 Arena) from 3 to 4 August; the artistic events were also held at the North Greenwich Arena, from 28 July to 7 August. The rhythmic gymnastics events took place at Wembley Arena from 9 to 12 August.

A total of 54 medals were awarded across the three disciplines. The most successful nation was China, winning five gold medals and 12 in total. Brazil and South Korea won their first gold medals in the discipline in the Summer Olympic Games history. Yevgeniya Kanayeva of Russia marked history by becoming the first back-to-back Olympic champion at the individual all-around in rhythmic gymnastics.

The O2 Arena
The O2 Arena, commonly known as the O2, is a multi-purpose indoor arena in the centre of The O2 entertainment district on the Greenwich Peninsula in southeast London, England. It opened in its present form in 2007. It has the third-highest seating capacity of any indoor venue in the United Kingdom, behind Co-op Live and Manchester Arena, and in 2008 was the world's busiest music arena.

The arena and broader complex were built within the former Millennium Dome, a large dome-shaped building intended for an exhibition celebrating the turn of the third millennium. As of 2022, it is the ninth-largest building in the world by volume with a diameter of 365 metres (399 yards) and a height of 52 metres (57 yards). It is named after its primary sponsor, the telecommunications company O2, a subsidiary of Virgin Media O2. The nearest tube station is North Greenwich on the Jubilee line.
Illegal taxi operation
Illegal taxicabs, sometimes known as pirate taxis, gypsy cabs, or jitney cabs, are taxis and other vehicles for hire that operate illegally because they do not have proper licenses, permits, registrations, and accreditations, safety inspections, vehicle insurance, and/or taximeters. Illegal cabs may be marked taxi vehicles or be personal vehicles used by an individual to offer unauthorized taxi-like services. Illegal cabs are prevalent in cities with medallion systems, which restrict the number of legal cabs in operation.

Taximeter
A taximeter or fare meter is a mechanical or electronic device installed in taxicabs and auto rickshaws that calculates passenger fares based on a combination of distance travelled and waiting time. Its shortened form, "taxi", is also a metonym for the hired cars that use them.
George Haddock (musician)
George Haddock (7 August 1823 – 12 September 1907) was an English violinist, and professor of music born in Killingbeck, Leeds. He was involved extensively in the music scene of Leeds and Bradford during the mid to late 19th century and founded the Leeds College of Music (later known as the Yorkshire College of Music and rebranded as Music House in 2022) in 1894.

Francesco Rugeri
Francesco Rugeri (c. 1628 – 28 October 1698) was an Italian master luthier from Cremona, Italy. The first of the important lutheir family Casa Rugeri, his violins were inspired by Nicolò Amati's "Grand Amati" pattern. Rugeri was the first to develop a smaller cello design, which has since become standard. Today, Rugeri's instruments are nearly as renowned as Amati's.

The Rugeri family is not to be confused with the Rogeri family of Brescia who were also noted luthiers following the tradition of Amati.
Tado
Tado (formerly Ezame) is a historical village in southeast Togo, alongside the Mono River, near the border with Benin, in between Notsé in the center south of Togo and Abomey in Benin, two cities connected to its history. Tado is the former royal city of the Kingdom Of Tado, one of the oldest, longest-standing and most powerful kingdoms of south west Africa. Tado is the birthplace of many west african tribes, civilisations, cultures, kingdoms and bloodlines that have spread across Togo, Benin, Ghana, Ivory Coast and Nigeria, through a kingdom that lasted over 900 years.

Aného
Aného, previously known as Anecho, Petit Popo or Little Popo, is a town in southeastern Togo, lying on the Gulf of Guinea near the border of Benin. It is situated 45 km east of the capital Lomé, between the Atlantic Ocean and Lake Togo in Maritime Region.
Higashinari-ku, Osaka
Higashinari-ku (東成区) is one of 24 wards of Osaka, Japan. As of September 2010, it had a total population of 79,435. The ward is located east of Osaka City, and is bordered clockwise north by: Jōtō-ku ward, the core city of Higashiōsaka, and the wards of Ikuno-ku, Tennōji-ku, and Chūō-ku.

The official flower of Higashinari-ku are the rose and the pansy.

Chūō-ku, Osaka
Chūō-ku (中央区, 'Central Ward') is one of 24 wards of Osaka, Japan. It has an area of 8.88 km2, and a population of 60,085. It houses Osaka's financial district, as well as the Osaka Prefecture offices and principal shopping and tourist areas.
Keiko Sonoi
Keiko Sonoi (園井 恵子, Sonoi Keiko; 6 August 1913 – 21 August 1945) was a Japanese actress, who was a member of the all-female musical-performing Takarazuka Revue during the 1930s and the 1940s, best known for her role as an officer's widow in the wartime film Muhōmatsu no isshō (1943), and for being part of the Sakura-tai or Cherry Blossom Unit of traveling shingeki play actors who died as a result of the 1945 Hiroshima bombing.

The fate of the Cherry Blossom Unit was later dramatized by playwright Hisashi Inoue, and also made into a feature film by director Kaneto Shindo.

The actress appears to have had a long-held desire to perform shingeki plays, but that was not economically viable due to the need to her support her parents and siblings. As a Takarazienne, she had the manga comic artist Osamu Tezuka as a childhood fan who lived on her block, and Astro Boy may have been influenced by Sonoi's performance of Pinochio ("Pinocchio") from April to May, 1942.

Matsuo, Iwate
Matsuo (松尾村, Matsuo-mura) was a village located in Iwate District, Iwate Prefecture, Japan.

The village of Matsuo was created on April 1, 1889 within Kita-Iwate District with the establishment of the municipality system. Kita-Iwate and Minami-Iwate Districts merged to form Iwate District on March 29, 1898. On September 1, 2005, Matsuo, along with the towns of Ashiro and Nishine (all from Iwate District), was merged to create the city of Hachimantai and no longer exists as an independent municipality.

Matsuo was formerly known as the home of Japan's largest sulfur mine—the Matsuo Kōzan —and, later, as the home of the Matsukawa geothermal power plant. The iron and copper Matsuo mine was also located there before abandonment in 1971.

As of September 2005, the village had an estimated population of 6,786 and a population density of 28.89 persons per km2. The total area was 234.85 km2.
Facet joint
The facet joints (also zygapophysial joints, zygapophyseal, apophyseal, or Z-joints) are a set of synovial, plane joints between the articular processes of two adjacent vertebrae.  There are two facet joints in each spinal motion segment and each facet joint is innervated by the recurrent meningeal nerves.

Plane joint
A plane joint (arthrodial joint, gliding joint, plane articulation) is a synovial joint which, under physiological conditions, allows only gliding movement.

Plane joints permit sliding movements in the plane of articular surfaces.  The opposed surfaces of the bones are flat or almost flat, with movement limited by their tight joint capsules. Based only on their shape, plane joints can allow multiple movements, including rotation. Thus plane joints can be functionally classified as multiaxial joints. Plane joints are numerous and are nearly always small, such as the acromioclavicular joint between the acromion of the scapula and the clavicle. Typically, they are found in the wrists, ankles, the 2nd through 7th sternocostal joints, vertebral transverse and spinous processes.
Tellapur
Tellapur is a satellite town of Hyderabad in Ramachandrapuram mandal of Sangareddy district in the Indian state of Telangana. The town is one of the fastest-growing locales in Hyderabad Metropolitan Region owing to its close proximity to IT hub and Outer Ring Road. A few of the tallest buildings in Hyderabad are located in Tellapur, with the 4 My home Vipina towers being tallest skyscrapers being the tallest among them.

Sangareddy district
Sangareddy district is a district located in the western region of the Indian state of Telangana. This district contains a part of the Hyderabad Metropolitan Region.Sangareddy  is the district headquarters of the district. It was named after the ruler Sanga, the son of queen Shankaramba, who was the ruler of Medak during the period of Nizams. The district shares boundaries with Medak, Medchal, Vikarabad, Kamareddy and Rangareddy districts and with the state boundary of Karnataka.
2022 Caribbean Club Shield
The 2022 Caribbean Club Shield was the fifth edition of the Caribbean Club Shield (also known as the CFU Club Shield), the second-tier annual international club football competition in the Caribbean region, held amongst clubs whose football associations are affiliated with the Caribbean Football Union (CFU), a sub-confederation of CONCACAF.

The winners of the 2022 CONCACAF Caribbean Club Shield, as long as they fulfill the CONCACAF Regional Club Licensing criteria, play against the fourth place team of the 2022 CONCACAF Caribbean Club Championship in a playoff match to determine the final Caribbean spot to the 2022 CONCACAF League.

Robinhood, having won the title in 2019, were the title holders, since the 2020 and 2021 editions were cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the titles were not awarded.

In the final, Bayamon FC defeated Inter Moengotapoe, 2–1, after extra-time with a game-winning goal scored by Jordi Ranera in the 121st minute, to win their first title.

CFU Club Shield
The CFU Club Shield, also known as the CFU Caribbean Club Shield and formerly as the CONCACAF Caribbean Club Shield, is an annual Caribbean football competition for clubs that are members of the Caribbean Football Union (CFU). It is a second-tier competition to the CONCACAF Caribbean Cup (and formerly the Caribbean Club Championship), introduced in 2018 for clubs which worked towards professional standards. It is organized by the CFU, with CONCACAF organizing it between 2018 and 2023.

Until 2022, the winner of this competition, as long as it fulfilled the licensing criteria, played against the fourth-placed team of the Caribbean Club Championship for a place in the CONCACAF League. Starting with 2023, the winner and runner-up qualify for the CONCACAF Caribbean Cup.
Kelsang Gyatso
Geshe Kelsang Gyatso (Tibetan: བསྐལ་བཟང་རྒྱ་མཚོ།, Wylie: bskal bzang rgya mtsho; 4 June 1931 – 17 September 2022) was a Buddhist monk, meditation teacher, scholar, and author. He was the founder and spiritual director of the New Kadampa Tradition, a registered non-profit, modern Buddhist organization and new religious movement that emerged from the Gelugpa school. It currently lists more than 1,300 affiliated centres in over 25 countries.

Geshe
Geshe (Tibetan: དགེ་བཤེས་, Wylie: dge-bshes, short for dge-ba'i bshes-gnyen, "virtuous friend"; translation of Skt. kalyāņamitra) or geshema is a Tibetan Buddhist academic degree for monks and nuns. The degree is emphasized primarily by the Gelug lineage, but is also awarded in the Sakya and Bön traditions. The equivalent geshema degree is awarded to women.
1991 International Championships of Spain
The 1991 International Championships of Spain, also known as the Spanish Open, was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Real Club de Tenis Barcelona in Barcelona, Spain that was part of the Tier III category of the 1991 WTA Tour. It was the tenth edition of the tournament and was held from 22 April until 28 April 1991. Fourth-seeded Conchita Martínez won the singles title and earned $45,000 first-prize money as well as 240 ranking points.

1991 WTA Tour
The 1991 WTA Tour (officially titled 1991 Kraft General Foods World Tour after its sponsor) was the elite professional tennis circuit organized by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) for the 1991 tennis season.

The WTA Tour is the elite tour for professional women's tennis organised by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA). The WTA Tour includes the four Grand Slam tournaments, the WTA Tour Championships and the WTA Tier I, Tier II, Tier III and Tier IV events. ITF tournaments are not part of the WTA Tour, although they award points for the WTA World Ranking.
Timeline of women's legal rights (other than voting) in the 19th century
Timeline of women's legal rights (other than voting) represents formal changes and reforms regarding women's rights. That includes actual law reforms as well as other formal changes, such as reforms through new interpretations of laws by precedents.

Formal changes and reforms regarding women's right to vote are exempted from this timeline: for that right, see Timeline of women's suffrage. This timeline also excludes ideological changes and events within feminism and antifeminism: for that, see Timeline of feminism.

Timeline of feminism
The following is a timeline of the history of feminism. It contains feminist and antifeminist events. It should contain events within the ideologies and philosophies of feminism and antifeminism. It should, however, not contain material about changes in women's legal rights: for that, see Timeline of women's legal rights (other than voting), or, if it concerns the right to vote, to Timeline of women's suffrage.
1974 Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe
The 1974 Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe was a horse race held at Longchamp on Sunday 6 October 1974. It was the 53rd running of the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe.

The winner was Daniel Wildenstein's Allez France, an American-bred four-year-old filly trained in France by Angel Penna Sr. and ridden by  Yves Saint-Martin. Saint-Martin had previously won the race on Sassafras in 1970 whilst Penna had trained San San to win in 1972. Allez France was the first of Wildenstein's four winners of the race.

Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe
The Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe (French pronunciation: [pʁi də laʁk də tʁijɔ̃f]) is a Group 1 flat horse race in France open to thoroughbreds aged three years or older. It is run at Longchamp Racecourse in Paris over a distance of 2,400 metres (1 mile 4 furlongs). The race is scheduled to take place each year in the autumn, usually on the first Sunday in October.

With prize money of €5 million, the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe, often referred to as the Arc, is Europe's richest flat race. The prize money and prestige of the race attract entries and spectators from across the world. Since 2008 the race has been sponsored by Qatar.
Kose-dera
Kose-dera ruins (巨勢寺跡, Kose-dera ato) is an archeological site  with the ruins of an Asuka period Buddhist temple located in the Furuse neighborhood of the city of Gose, Nara, Japan. The ruins of the foundation of a Pagoda were designated a National Historic Site in 1927.

Asuka period
The Asuka period (飛鳥時代, Asuka jidai; Japanese pronunciation: [a.sɯ̥.ka ((d)ʑiꜜ.dai)]) was a period in the history of Japan lasting from 538 to 710, although its beginning could be said to overlap with the preceding Kofun period. The Yamato polity evolved greatly during the Asuka period, which is named after the Asuka region, about 25 km (16 mi) south of the modern city of Nara.

The Asuka period is characterized by its significant artistic, social, and political transformations, having their origins in the late Kofun period. The introduction of Buddhism marked a change in Japanese society. The Asuka period is also distinguished by the change in the name of the country from Wa (倭) to Nippon (日本).
1963 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team
The 1963 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team represented the University of Minnesota in the 1963 Big Ten Conference football season. In their tenth year under head coach Murray Warmath, the Golden Gophers compiled a 3–6 record and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 117 to 95.

Tackle Carl Eller received the team's Most Valuable Player award and was a consensus first-team All-American. Eller was also named All-Big Ten first team. Center Frank Marchiewski was named All-Big Ten second team. Offensive lineman Milt Sunde was named Academic All-Big Ten.

Total attendance at five home games was 286,797, an average of 57,759 per game. The largest crowd was against Michigan.

Carl Eller
Carl Lee Eller (born January 25, 1942) is an American former professional football player who played as a defensive end in the National Football League (NFL) from 1964 through 1979. He was born in Winston-Salem, North Carolina and played college football for the Minnesota Golden Gophers. He was elected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2004.
Benjamin Incledon
Benjamin Incledon (1730–1796) (pronounced "Ingledon") of Pilton House, Pilton, near Barnstaple in North Devon, was an English antiquarian and genealogist. He served as Recorder of Barnstaple (1758–1796).

Earl Fortescue
Earl Fortescue is a title in the Peerage of Great Britain that was created in 1789 for Hugh Fortescue, 3rd Baron Fortescue (1753–1841), a member of parliament for Beaumaris and Lord-Lieutenant of Devon.