hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Italian Armed Forces
The Italian Armed Forces (Italian: Forze armate italiane, pronounced [ˈfɔrtse arˈmaːte itaˈljaːne]) encompass the Italian Army, the Italian Navy and the Italian Air Force. A fourth branch of the armed forces, known as the Carabinieri, take on the role as the nation's military police and are also involved in missions and operations abroad as a combat force. Despite not being a branch of the armed forces, the Guardia di Finanza is organized along military lines.

These five forces comprise a total of 340,885 men and women with the official status of active military personnel, of which 167,057 are in the Army, Navy and Air Force. The President of Italy heads the armed forces as the President of the High Council of Defence established by article 87 of the Constitution of Italy. According to article 78, the Parliament has the authority to declare a state of war and vest the powers to lead the war in the Government.

Ariete
The C1 Ariete (English: battering ram, ram) is a 3rd generation main battle tank of the Italian Army, developed by Consorzio Iveco Oto Melara (CIO), a consortium formed by Iveco and OTO Melara. The chassis and engine were produced by Iveco, while the turret and fire-control system were supplied by OTO Melara. The vehicle carries the latest optical and digital-imaging and fire-control systems, enabling it to fight day and night and to fire on the move. Six prototypes were developed by 1988, which were subject to intensive testing. The following year the vehicles travelled a combined 16,000 km. Deliveries were first planned for 1993, and took place in 1994 due to delays. Final delivery occurred 7 years later in August 2002.
Jaroslav Kudrna
Jaroslav Kudrna (born 5 December 1975) is a Czech former professional ice hockey player.

Kudrna was drafted 142nd overall by the San Jose Sharks in the 1995 NHL Entry Draft.  Kudrna signed for the Sharks organization from HC Pardubice in 1996, but only managed to play seven games for the American Hockey League's Kentucky Thoroughblades before returning to Pardubice where he would spend the next seven seasons.  In 2004, Kudrna moved to HC Lasselsberger Plzeň for one season before moving to HC Oceláři Třinec.  In 2006, he moved to Russia and signed for Metallurg Magnitogorsk.

HC Škoda Plzeň
HC Škoda Plzeň is a professional ice hockey team based in Plzeň, Czech Republic and was founded in 1929. They currently play in the Czech Extraliga, with their home games being held at Logspeed CZ Arena. In 2013, for the first time in history, HC Plzeň were the Czech Extraliga champions after beating Zlín 4:3 in the seventh game of the dramatic final.
Frederick Eberstadt
Frederick Eberstadt (July 24, 1926 – July 29, 2023) was an American fashion photographer and psychotherapist. He was the father of political economist Nicholas Eberstadt and novelist Fernanda Eberstadt.

Eberstadt was born in Huntington, New York on July 24, 1926. He first worked for Eberstadt & Company, his father’s firm. He then worked in television, and then became the assistant to Richard Avedon. He photographed the 1960s bohemian scene and wrote for Women’s Wear Daily. "[A]fter surviving a crippling major depressive disorder, [he] decided to leave behind a decades-long career as a fashion photographer and photojournalist to become a psychotherapist". He died on July 29, 2023, at the age of 97.

Women's Wear Daily
Women's Wear Daily (also known as WWD) is a fashion-industry trade journal often referred to as the "Bible of fashion". It provides information and intelligence on changing trends and breaking news in the men's and women's fashion, beauty, and retail industries. Its readership is made up largely of retailers, designers, manufacturers, marketers, financiers, media executives, advertising agencies, socialites, and trend makers.

WWD is the flagship publication of Fairchild Media, which is owned by Penske Media Corporation. In April 2015, the paper switched from a daily print format to a weekly print format, accompanied by a daily digital edition. In 2017, it announced it would ramp up its focus on digital, reducing its regular print schedule further and opting instead to publish print issues only during fashion weeks and certain other events.
SS Empire Energy
SS Empire Energy was a cargo steamship. She was built in Germany in 1923 as Grete for small German tramp shipping company. In 1934 the Italian shipping magnate Achille Lauro bought her and renamed her Gabbiano.

When Italy entered the Second World War in 1940, Gabbiano was in a British port, so the Royal Navy seized her. The UK Ministry of Shipping renamed her  Empire Energy, and appointed a British tramp company to manage her. In 1941 she was wrecked on the coast of Newfoundland. Her wreck remains on the shore at Cape Norman to this day.

Achille Lauro
Achille Lauro (Italian pronunciation: [aˈkille ˈlauro]; 16 June 1887 – 15 November 1982) was an Italian businessman and politician. He is widely considered one of the main precursors of modern populism in Italian politics. He was nicknamed by his supporters Il Comandante ("The Commander").
Morgan Hill State Forest
Morgan Hill State Forest is a state forest in Onondaga County and Cortland County, New York, United States.

It includes 11.2 miles (18.0 km) of hiking trails and 11.5 miles (18.5 km) of public forest access roads. The hiking trails are part of the main North Country Trail and Onondaga Branch of the Finger Lakes Trail.

It includes much or all of the Morgan Hill mountain.

Finger Lakes Trail
The Finger Lakes Trail consists of a network of trails in New York. The trail system is administered by the Finger Lakes Trail Conference (FLTC), a non-profit 501(c)(3) organization composed primarily of volunteers.
Radical symbol
In mathematics, the radical symbol, radical sign, root symbol, or surd is a symbol for the square root or higher-order root of a number. The square root of a number  is written as

while the th root of  is written as

It is also used for other meanings in more advanced mathematics, such as the radical of an ideal.

In linguistics, the symbol is used to denote a root word.

Extended Unix Code
Extended Unix Code (EUC) is a multibyte character encoding system used primarily for Japanese, Korean, and simplified Chinese (characters).

The most commonly used EUC codes are variable-length encodings with a character belonging to an ISO/IEC 646 compliant coded character set (such as ASCII) taking one byte, and a character belonging to a 94×94 coded character set (such as GB 2312) represented in two bytes. The EUC-CN form of GB 2312 and EUC-KR are examples of such two-byte EUC codes. EUC-JP includes characters represented by up to three bytes, including an initial shift code, whereas a single character in EUC-TW can take up to four bytes.

Modern applications are more likely to use UTF-8, which supports all of the glyphs of the EUC codes, and more, and is generally more portable with fewer vendor deviations and errors. EUC is however still very popular, especially EUC-KR for South Korea.
Yuğarı Atı
Yuğarı Atı (Tatar: Югары Аты, romanized: Yuğarı Atı) is a rural locality (a selo) in Arça District, Tatarstan. The population was 232 as of 2010.
Yuğarı Atı is located 13 km from Arça, district's administrative centre, and 73 km from Ԛazаn, republic's capital, by road.
The village already existed during the period of the Qazan Khanate.
There are 3 streets in the village.

Arsky District
Arsky District (Russian: А́рский райо́н; Tatar: Арча районы) – is a territorial administrative unit and municipal district of the Republic of Tatarstan within the Russian Federation. The district is located in the northern part of the republic. The administrative center is the city of Arsk.

The district has several natural monuments including the source of the Kazanka river, Yanga-Salinsky slope, the Korsin grey heron colony, Tukai-kyrlay forest, Ayu Urmany, Kazanka and Shoshma rivers.
D. Appleton & Company
D. Appleton & Company was an American publishing company founded by Daniel Appleton, who opened a general store which included books. He published his first book in 1831. The company's publications gradually extended over the entire field of literature. It issued the works of contemporary scientists, including those of Herbert Spencer, John Tyndall, Thomas Huxley, Charles Darwin, and others, at reasonable prices. Medical books formed a special department, and books in the Spanish language for the South America market, including the works of Rafael Pombo, were a specialty which the firm made its own. In belles lettres and American history, it had a strong list of names among its authors. On June 2, 1933, D. Appleton & Company merged with The Century Company.

John Tyndall
John Tyndall (/ˈtɪndəl/; 2 August 1820 – 4 December 1893) was an Irish physicist. His scientific fame arose in the 1850s from his study of diamagnetism. Later he made discoveries in the realms of infrared radiation and the physical properties of air, proving the connection between atmospheric CO2 and what is now known as the greenhouse effect in 1859.

Tyndall also published more than a dozen science books which brought state-of-the-art 19th century experimental physics to a wide audience. From 1853 to 1887 he was professor of physics at the Royal Institution of Great Britain in London. He was elected as a member to the American Philosophical Society in 1868.
Dreaming Is a Private Thing
"Dreaming Is a Private Thing" is a science fiction short story by American writer Isaac Asimov, first published in the December 1955 issue of The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction and reprinted in the 1957 collection Earth Is Room Enough.  Asimov's original title for the story was "A Hundred Million Dreams at Once", but F&SF editor Anthony Boucher changed it. Asimov liked the new title and decided to keep it.

Anthony Boucher
William Anthony Parker White (August 21, 1911 – April 29, 1968), better known by his pen name Anthony Boucher (/ˈbaʊtʃər/), was an American author, critic, and editor who wrote several classic mystery novels, short stories, science fiction, and radio dramas. Between 1942 and 1947, he acted as reviewer of mostly mystery fiction for the San Francisco Chronicle. In addition to "Anthony Boucher", White also employed the pseudonym "H. H. Holmes", which was the pseudonym of a late-19th-century American serial killer; Boucher also wrote light verse which he signed "Herman W. Mudgett" (the murderer's real name).

In a 1981 poll of 17 detective story writers and reviewers, his novel Nine Times Nine was voted as the ninth best locked room mystery of all time.
John R. Courage
John Rowland Courage (March 15, 1915 – May 20, 1970) was an educator, lawyer and political figure in Newfoundland. He represented Fortune Bay and Hermitage in the Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly from 1949 to 1962 as a Liberal.

The son of George R. and Jane Courage, he was born in Long Harbour Beach, Fortune Bay and educated in North Sydney, Nova Scotia, in Pass Islands and at Memorial University. Courage taught school from 1931 to 1945. In 1945, he was named principal of the Adult Education Centre. Courage was called to the Newfoundland bar in 1953. He served as speaker for the House of Assembly from 1957 until 1962, when he resigned his seat to become chairman of the Newfoundland Civil Service Commission.

Courage married Mary Keeping; the couple had two sons.

North Sydney, Nova Scotia
North Sydney is a former town and current community in Nova Scotia's Cape Breton Regional Municipality.

Located on the north side of Sydney Harbour, along the eastern coast of Cape Breton Island, North Sydney is an important port in Atlantic Canada, serving as the western terminus of the Marine Atlantic ferry service. It acts as the marine link for the Trans-Canada Highway to Newfoundland and is often termed "The Gateway To Newfoundland" for that reason.

Marine Atlantic ferries currently operate from North Sydney's terminal to the ports of Channel-Port aux Basques and Argentia. The Crown Corporation is one of the largest employers in the area.
Hunter's Blood
Hunter's Blood is a 1986 American action thriller film directed by Robert C. Hughes in his feature directorial debut. Written by Emmett Alston, it is based on the 1977 novel of the same name by Jere Cunningham. It stars Sam Bottoms, Clu Gulager, Mayf Nutter, Ken Swofford, Joey Travolta, and Kim Delaney. It follows a group of city dwellers who go deer hunting in Arkansas and meet crazed poachers seeing them as prey.

The film was given a limited theatrical release in the United States on May 29, 1987, by Concorde Pictures. It received mixed-to-positive reviews from critics. For his performance, Gulager was nominated for the Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor.

Ken Swofford
Kenneth Charles Swofford (July 25, 1933 – November 1, 2018) was an American film and television actor. With his burly build and distinctive red hair he was often cast in villain, police officer or 'everyman' roles.

Between 1962 and 1995, Swofford's film credits included Thelma & Louise, Skyjacked, Black Roses and The Andromeda Strain, while his TV career during the same period was prolific: he appeared on such television series as Gunsmoke, Police Story, The Rockford Files, Simon & Simon, Fame, Switch, The Oregon Trail, Rich Man, Poor Man Book II, Murder, She Wrote, and as a cast member of the mystery series Ellery Queen.
KCA University
KCA University (KCAU) is a private, non-profit institution that was founded in July 1989 as the Kenya College of Accountancy (KCA) by the Institute of Certified Public Accountants of Kenya (ICPAK) to improve the quality of accountancy and financial management training in the country. KCAU is located on Thika Road in Ruaraka, Nairobi, Kenya. The institution also maintains satellite colleges under the School of Professional Programmes in Nairobi CBD Githunguri, Kericho, Eldoret, Kisumu, Amagoro, and Kitengela.

Kericho
Kericho is the largest town in Kericho County, located in the highlands west of the Kenyan Rift Valley. Positioned on the edge of the Mau Forest, Kericho benefits from a warm and temperate climate, making it good for agriculture, especially large scale tea cultivation.

The town is located along Kenya's western tourism circuit with access to Lake Victoria, the Maasai Mara National Reserve and Ruma National Park.
More Than Murder
More Than Murder is a 1984 American made-for-television mystery film starring Stacy Keach as Mickey Spillane's iconic hardboiled private detective Mike Hammer. It aired on January 26, 1984, at 9:00 p.m. and was the second of two pilots featuring Keach in the part - the other being Murder Me, Murder You (1983) - that blazed a path for the 1980s version of the CBS series Mickey Spillane's Mike Hammer, which debuted on January 28, 1984.

Mickey Spillane's Mike Hammer (1984 TV series)
Mickey Spillane's Mike Hammer (later titled The New Mike Hammer), with Stacy Keach in the title role, is an American crime drama television series that originally aired on CBS from January 28, 1984, to May 13, 1987. The series consisted of 51 installments: 46 one-hour episodes, a two-part pilot episode (More Than Murder), and three TV movies (Murder Me, Murder You, The Return of Mickey Spillane's Mike Hammer, and Mike Hammer: Murder Takes All. Murder Me, Murder You was initially envisioned as a stand-alone TV movie, but ultimately became a backdoor pilot for the series when it was received positively by audiences).

The movies and series were produced under the guidance of executive producer Jay Bernstein, who acquired the television rights from his close friend Mickey Spillane for one dollar.
Windber, Pennsylvania
Windber is a borough in Somerset County, Pennsylvania, United States, which is located approximately three miles (4.8 km) south of Johnstown. The population was 3,930 at the 2020 census. A former manufacturing town, Windber is part of the Johnstown, Pennsylvania Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Cambria County, Pennsylvania
Cambria County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 133,472. Its county seat is Ebensburg. The county was created on March 26, 1804, from parts of Bedford, Huntingdon, and Somerset counties and later organized in 1807. It was named for the nation of Wales, which in Latin is known as "Cambria". The county is part of the Southwest region of the commonwealth.

Cambria County comprises the Johnstown, PA metropolitan statistical area, which is also included in the Johnstown-Somerset, PA combined statistical area.
Honour and Glory
Honour and Glory (foaled March 24, 1993 in Kentucky – July 17, 2018) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse who won important races during his career. He was bred by William T. Young's Overbrook Farm and purchased by British businessman and prominent racehorse owner, Michael Tabor.

Retired to stud in the United States, Honour and Glory sired a number of winners including the 2000 American Champion Two-Year-Old Filly, Caressing, winner of the 2000 Breeders' Cup Juvenile Fillies. The Leading First-Crop Sire of 2000, among his other American-born offspring, he sired Blues and Royals, winner of the 2005 UAE Derby.

Honour and Glory was sold to La Mission Stallion Station in Argentina. He stood in that country, where he notably sired 2008 UAE Derby winner, Honour Devil, and also at Wintergreen Stallion Station in Midway, Kentucky.

On July 17, 2018, it was announced that Honour and Glory had died due to complications of a broken femur.

Midway, Kentucky
Midway is a home rule-class city in Woodford County, Kentucky, in the United States. Its population was 1,741 at the time of the year 2020 U.S. census. It is part of the Lexington-Fayette Metropolitan Statistical Area.

The town sits just off Interstate 64 and among several major thoroughbred breeding operations, such as Three Chimneys Farm and former Gov. Brereton Jones’ Airdrie Stud. In 2003, faced with a declining downtown, the city began major streetscape renovation project as part of Main Street Kentucky. New period structures and lighting brought new life to the town. It is known for its distinctive shops and restaurants. An active business association holds events every month of the year, and the city is a starting point or waypoint for several road races that wind through the surrounding countryside.
Grand Canyon: A Different View
Grand Canyon: A Different View is a 2003 book edited by Tom Vail. The book features a series of photographs of the Grand Canyon illustrating 20 essays by creationists Steve Austin, John Baumgardner, Duane Gish, Ken Ham, Russell Humphreys, Henry Morris, John D. Morris, Andrew A. Snelling, Larry Vardiman, John Whitcomb, and Kurt Wise. It presents the Young Earth creationist perspective that the canyon is no more than a few thousand years old and was formed by the Global Flood or Noachian flood of the Bible.

Flood myth
A flood myth or a deluge myth is a myth in which a great flood, usually sent by a deity or deities, destroys civilization, often in an act of divine retribution. Parallels are often drawn between the flood waters of these myths and the primeval cosmic ocean which appear in certain creation myths, as the flood waters are described as a measure for the cleansing of humanity, for example in preparation for rebirth. Most flood myths also contain a culture hero, who "represents the human craving for life".

The oldest known narrative of a divinely initiated flood originates from the Sumerian culture in Mesopotamia, among others expressed in the Akkadian Atra-Hasis epic, which dates to the 18th century BCE. Comparable flood narratives appear in many other cultures, including the biblical Genesis flood narrative, manvantara-sandhya in Hinduism, Deucalion in Greek mythology, and in indigenous North American cultures.
Aadel Brun Tschudi
Aadel Marie Brun Tschudi (29 September 1909, Yiyang—3 November 1980, Oslo) was a Chinese-born Norwegian geographer and sinologist who taught at the University of Oslo, successfully focusing on social geography. During a trip to East Asia in 1957, she contributed a series of reports to the Norwegian broadcaster NRK and on her return published her impressions of the country in Japan, soloppgangens land (Japan, land of the rising sun, 1957). She became involved in research projects in support of Botswana, Sri Lanka and her native China. From 1967 to 1973, she edited the Norwegian Journal of Geography (Norsk geografisk tidsskrift) and in 1977 became a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters. That year, following the end of the Cultural revolution, she travelled back to Yiyang to meet her family, report on her visit in Gjensyn med Kina (Reunion with China, 1978).

Sinology
Sinology, also referred to as China studies, is a subfield of area studies or East Asian studies involved in social sciences and humanities research on China. It is an academic discipline that focuses on the study of the Chinese civilization primarily through Chinese language, history, culture, literature, philosophy, art, music, cinema, and science. Its origin "may be traced to the examination which Chinese scholars made of their own civilization."

The academic field of sinology often refers to Western scholarship. Until the 20th century, it was historically seen as equivalent to philology concerning the Chinese classics and other literature written in the Chinese language. Since then, the scope of sinology has expanded to include Chinese history and palaeography, among other subjects.
Janitzio
Isla de Janitzio (Spanish pronunciation: [xaˈnitsjo]) is the largest of five islands in Lake Pátzcuaro in the state of Michoacán, Mexico.

The town of Janitzio, which means "maize flower" in Purépecha, is located atop a hill on the island. Janitzio can only be reached by boats which run regularly back and forth from about 7:30 am to 6 pm, accessible from Pátzcuaro's pier (embarcadero). The boats take approximately 25 minutes to reach the island. These boats can be hired to take visitors around other parts of the lake.

The town is known for the butterfly fishermen who are skilled at lowering their butterfly-shaped nets to catch "pescado blanco" (Chirostoma estor), a species of freshwater silverside endemic to the lake which is important to the local cuisine. These fisherman were at one time depicted on the reverse of the 50 peso banknote. This banknote is now a valuable collector's item.

The island is the subject of Silvestre Revueltas's 1933 composition Janitzio.

Purépecha language
Purépecha (autonym: Pʼurhépecha [pʰuˈɽepet͡ʃa] or Phorhé(pecha)), often called Tarascan (Spanish: Tarasco), a term coined by Spanish settlers that can be seen as pejorative to some, is a language isolate or small language family that is spoken by some 140,000 Purépecha in the highlands of Michoacán, Mexico.

Purépecha was the main language of the pre-Columbian Purépecha Empire and became widespread in the region during its heyday in the late post-Classic period. The small town of Purepero got its name from the indigenous people who lived there.

Even though it is spoken within the boundaries of Mesoamerica, Purépecha does not share many of the traits defining the Mesoamerican language area, suggesting that the language is a remnant of an indigenous substrate that existed several thousands of years ago before the migration of speakers that contributed to the formation of the sprachbund, or alternatively is a relatively new arrival to the area.