hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Anne Walker (astronomer)
Anne (also, Annie) Walker (21 October 1863 – 2 March 1940) was a British astronomer and one of the first—probably the first—women employed in paid routine work in astronomy in her country. She was one of a number of women computers employed at Cambridge Observatory between 1882 and 1903. Unlike most of these women, Walker remained at the observatory for a significant period of time.

Computer (occupation)
The term "computer", in use from the early 17th century (the first known written reference dates from 1613), meant "one who computes": a person performing mathematical calculations, before electronic calculators became available. Alan Turing described the "human computer" as someone who is "supposed to be following fixed rules; he has no authority to deviate from them in any detail." Teams of people, often women from the late nineteenth century onwards, were used to undertake long and often tedious calculations; the work was divided so that this could be done in parallel. The same calculations were frequently performed independently by separate teams to check the correctness of the results.

Since the end of the 20th century, the term "human computer" has also been applied to individuals with prodigious powers of mental arithmetic, also known as mental calculators.
Timeline of category theory and related mathematics
This is a timeline of category theory and related mathematics. Its scope ("related mathematics") is taken as:

Categories of abstract algebraic structures including representation theory and universal algebra;

Homological algebra;

Homotopical algebra;

Topology using categories, including algebraic topology, categorical topology, quantum topology, low-dimensional topology;

Categorical logic and set theory in the categorical context such as algebraic set theory;

Foundations of mathematics building on categories, for instance topos theory;

Abstract geometry, including algebraic geometry, categorical noncommutative geometry, etc.

Quantization related to category theory, in particular categorical quantization;

Categorical physics relevant for mathematics.

In this article, and in category theory in general, ∞ = ω.

Categorical set theory
Categorical set theory is any one of several versions of set theory developed from or treated in the context of mathematical category theory. Its basis originated with the development of ETCS by William Lawvere in 1964.
Turkish State Opera and Ballet
The State Opera and Ballet (Turkish: Devlet Opera ve Balesi) is the national directorate of opera and ballet companies of Turkey, with venues in Ankara, Istanbul, İzmir, Mersin, Antalya and Samsun. The directorate is bound to the Ministry of Culture and Tourism. As of January 2018, Murat Karahan is the General Director.

Ministry of Culture and Tourism (Turkey)
The Ministry of Culture and Tourism (Turkish: Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı) is a government ministry of the Republic of Turkey, responsible for culture and tourism affairs in Turkey. Revolving fund management of the ministry is carried by DÖSİMM. On July 9, 2018, the newly elected President of Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdoğan announced his cabinet of the new Turkish political system. Mehmet Nuri Ersoy was appointed Minister of Culture and Tourism.
2018 KNSB Dutch Single Distance Championships – Women's 500 m
The women's 500 meter at the 2018 KNSB Dutch Single Distance Championships took place in Heerenveen at the Thialf ice skating rink on Friday 27 October 2017. Although this edition was held in 2017, it was part of the 2017–2018 speed skating season.

There were 24 participants. There was a qualification selection incentive for the next following 2017–18 ISU Speed Skating World Cup tournaments.

Title holder was Jorien ter Mors.

2018 KNSB Dutch Single Distance Championships
The 2018 KNSB Dutch Single Distance Championships were held at the Thialf skating rink in Heerenveen from Friday 27 October 2017 to Sunday 29 October 2017. Although the tournament was held in 2017 it was the 2018 edition as it was part of the 2017–2018 speed skating season.
Bluffview, Dallas
Bluffview is a neighborhood in North Dallas, Texas (USA). It is bounded by Northwest Highway (Loop 12) and the Preston Hollow neighborhood on the north, Inwood Road and the Devonshire neighborhood on the east, University Boulevard and the Elm Thicket/North Park neighborhood on the south, and Midway Road, Bluebonnett Road, Bluff View Blvd., and the Shorecrest and Cochran's Chapel neighborhoods on the west.

A subsection of Bluffview is Briarwood, which is bounded by Lovers Lane on the south, Inwood Road to the east, Horseshoe Trail & Briarwood Place to the north and Elsby Avenue on the west.  The neighborhood was established in the late 1930s by the Elsby family on the site of the former Bluffview Dairy.  The Briarwood Crime Watch & Neighborhood Association is a volunteer-run organization primarily focused on safety and crime prevention, as well as sponsoring community activities.

Dallas County, Texas
Dallas County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 2,613,539, and was estimated to be 2,656,028 in 2024, making it the second-most populous county in Texas and the eighth-most populous county in the United States. Its county seat is Dallas, the third-most populous city in Texas and the ninth-most populous city in the United States. The county was founded on March 30, 1846 and was possibly named for George Mifflin Dallas, the 11th Vice President of the United States under U.S. President James K. Polk. Dallas County is included in the eleven-county Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington metropolitan statistical area, which is the fourth-most populous metropolitan area in the United States.

Municipal expansion within Dallas County has blurred the geographic lines between cities and between neighboring counties.
Loin
The loins, or lumbus (pl.: lumbi), are the sides between the lower ribs and pelvis, and the lower part of the back. The term is used to describe the anatomy of humans and quadrupeds, such as horses, pigs, or cattle.  The anatomical reference also applies to particular cuts of meat, including tenderloin or sirloin steak.

Cut of beef
During butchering, beef is first divided into primal cuts, pieces of meat initially separated from the carcass. Firstly it is split into left and right 'sides'. These sides then can be further halved into forequarters and hindquarters. These are basic sections from which steaks and other subdivisions are cut. Since the animal's legs and neck muscles do the most work, they are the toughest; the meat becomes more tender as distance from hoof and horn increases.

Different countries and cuisines have varying definitions for cuts of meat and their names, and sometimes the same name is used for different cuts. For instance, the cut described as "brisket" in the United States comes from a different part of the carcass from the "brisket" referred to in the United Kingdom. Cuts typically refer narrowly to skeletal muscle (sometimes attached to bone), but they can also include other edible parts such as offal (organ meats) or bones that are not attached to significant muscle.
Judicial system of Singapore
Under the Constitution of Singapore, the judicial system of Singapore is divided into the Supreme Court which comprises the Court of Appeal and the High Court, and the subordinate courts, namely the State Courts and Family Justice Courts - collectively known as SG Courts.

As one of the three branches of the Singapore government, the judiciary enforces and interprets the laws, ensuring that all are equal before the law and have access to justice. The judiciary is headed by the Chief Justice.

Singapore practices the common law legal system, where the decisions of higher courts constitute binding precedent upon courts of equal or lower status within their jurisdiction, as opposed to the civil law legal system in continental Europe.

The current criminal code was preceded by the Indian Penal Code which was adopted when Singapore was a Crown colony of the British Empire.

Attorney-General of Singapore
The attorney-general of Singapore is the public prosecutor of the Republic of Singapore and legal adviser to the Government of Singapore. The attorney-general is the head of the Attorney-General's Chambers (AGC), whose staff carries out the functions of the attorney-general. The attorney-general is appointed by the president, on the advice of the prime minister, under Article 35 of the Constitution of Singapore. Unlike some countries that follow the Westminster parliamentary model, the attorney-general is not a Member of Parliament.

The Office of Attorney-General was established in 1867, when the British Crown appointed the attorney-general of the Straits Settlements, based in Singapore, to serve as legal adviser to the new Crown colony's government.
Cathedral of the Lord Good Jesus of the Remedies
The Cathedral of the Lord Good Jesus of the Remedies (Portuguese: Catedral do Senhor Bom Jesus dos Remédios) is a religious building affiliated to the Catholic Church located in the city of Afogados da Ingazeira, in the state of Pernambuco in the Northeast region of Brazil.

The cathedral follows the Roman or Latin rite and serves as the mother church or main church of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Afogados da Ingazeira (Dioecesis Afogadensis de Ingazeira) that was created in 1956 through the bull "Qui volente Deo" of Pope Pius XII.

It is under the pastoral responsibility of Bishop Egidio Bisol. With the help of the municipal authorities, a 24-point lighting system using LED technology was installed in the cathedral in 2015.

Diocese of Afogados da Ingazeira
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Afogados da Ingazeira (Latin: Dioecesis Afogadensis de Ingazeira) is a diocese located in the city of Afogados da Ingazeira in the ecclesiastical province of Olinda e Recife in Brazil.
States Reorganisation Commission
The States Reorganisation Commission of India (SRC) constituted by the Central Government of India in December 1953 to recommend the reorganization of state boundaries. In September 1955, after two years of study, the Commission, comprising Justice Fazal Ali, K. M. Panikkar and H. N. Kunzru, submitted its report. The commission's recommendations were accepted with some modifications and implemented in the States Reorganisation Act in November 1956. The act provided that India's state boundaries should be reorganized to form 14 states and 6 centrally administered territories. On 10 December 1948, the report of Dhar Commission was published but the issue remained unsolved.

Bombay State
Bombay State was a large Indian state created in 1950 from the erstwhile Bombay Province, with other regions being added to it in the succeeding years. Bombay Province (in British India roughly equating to the present-day Indian state of Maharashtra, excluding Marathwada and Vidarbha) was merged with the princely states of Baroda, Western India and Gujarat (the present-day Indian state of Gujarat) and the Deccan States (which included parts of the present-day Indian states of Maharashtra and Karnataka).

On 1 November 1956, Bombay State was reorganised under the States Reorganisation Act on linguistic lines, absorbing various territories including the Saurashtra and Kutch States, which ceased to exist. On 1 May 1960, Bombay State was dissolved and split on linguistic lines into the two states of Gujarat, with the Gujarati speaking population and Maharashtra, with Marathi speaking population.
Variable-pitch propeller (aeronautics)
In aeronautics, a variable-pitch propeller is a type of propeller (airscrew) with blades that can be rotated around their long axis to change the blade pitch. A controllable-pitch propeller is one where the pitch is controlled manually by the pilot. Alternatively, a constant-speed propeller is one where the pilot sets the desired engine speed (RPM), and the blade pitch is controlled automatically without the pilot's intervention so that the rotational speed remains constant. The device which controls the propeller pitch and thus speed is called a propeller governor or constant speed unit.

Reversible propellers are those where the pitch can be set to negative values. This creates reverse thrust for braking or going backwards without the need to change the direction of shaft revolution.

While some aircraft have ground-adjustable propellers, these are not considered variable-pitch. These are typically found only on light aircraft and microlights.

Gear pump
A gear pump uses the meshing of gears to pump fluid by displacement. They are one of  the most common types of pumps for hydraulic fluid power applications. The gear pump was invented around 1600 by Johannes Kepler.

Gear pumps are also widely used in chemical installations to pump high-viscosity fluids. There are two main variations: external gear pumps which use two external spur gears, and internal gear pumps which use an external and an internal spur gear (internal spur gear teeth face inwards, see below). Gear pumps provide positive displacement (or fixed displacement), meaning they pump a constant amount of fluid for each revolution. Some gear pumps are designed to function as either a motor or a pump.
1996 United States presidential debates
The 1996 United States presidential debates were a series of debates held during the 1996 presidential election.

The Commission on Presidential Debates (CPD), a bipartisan organization formed in 1987, organized three debates among the major party candidates, sponsored two presidential debates and one vice presidential debate. Only Democratic nominee Bill Clinton and Republican nominee Bob Dole met the criteria for inclusion in the debates, and thus were the only two to appear in the debates sponsored by the Commission on Presidential Debates. The CPD-sponsored vice presidential debate took place between their respective vice presidential running mates, Al Gore and Jack Kemp.

Jim Lehrer
James Charles Lehrer (/ˈlɛərə/ LAIR-ə; May 19, 1934 – January 23, 2020) was an American journalist, novelist, screenwriter, and playwright. He was the executive editor and a news anchor for the PBS News Hour on PBS and was known for his role as a debate moderator during U.S. presidential election campaigns, moderating 12 presidential debates between 1988 and 2012. Lehrer also wrote numerous fiction and non-fiction books that drew upon his experience as a newsman, along with his interests in history and politics.
Battle of Rome Cross Roads
The Battle of Rome Cross Roads, also known as Battle of Rome Crossroads, Skirmish at Rome Crossroads, or Action at Rome Cross-Roads was part of the Atlanta campaign of the American Civil War. It was fought in Gordon County, Georgia, a short distance west of Calhoun, Georgia, on May 16, 1864. The battle was a limited engagement between Union Army units of the Army of the Tennessee and Confederate States Army units of the Army of Tennessee in the aftermath of the Battle of Resaca, Georgia.

The Battle of Rome Cross Roads ended inconclusively with the Confederate Army units withdrawing. However, the Confederate force achieved the tactical objective of delaying Union Army pursuit. This allowed the Confederate wagon train and separated units of the Confederate force to reach the rendezvous point of Adairsville, Georgia, without being overtaken and attacked by Union forces after the Confederates had withdrawn from their defenses around Resaca, Georgia.

Gordon County, Georgia
Gordon County is a county in the Northwest region of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 57,544. The county seat is Calhoun. Gordon County comprises the Calhoun, GA Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the Atlanta–Athens-Clarke County–Sandy Springs, GA-AL CSA.
19th Mississippi Infantry Regiment
The 19th Mississippi Infantry Regiment was an infantry formation of the Confederate States Army in the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War. It was successively commanded by Colonels Christopher Mott, Lucius Lamar, Nathaniel Harris, Thomas Hardin, and Richard Phipps.

Lafayette County, Mississippi
Lafayette County is a county in the U.S. state of Mississippi. At the 2020 census, the population was 55,813. Its county seat is Oxford. The local pronunciation of the name is "la-FAY-et." The county's name honors Marquis de Lafayette, a French military hero and American general who fought during the American Revolutionary War.

The Oxford, MS Micropolitan Statistical Area includes all of Lafayette County. The county is policed by the Lafayette County Sheriff's Department.

Lafayette County is often regarded as the inspiration for Yoknapatawpha County, the fictional setting of many of William Faulkner's works.
1912 Oakland Oaks season
The 1912 Oakland Oaks season was the tenth season in the history of the Oakland Oaks baseball team. The team compiled a 120–83 record and won its first Pacific Coast League (PCL) pennant. Bud Sharpe was the team's player-manager.

The Oaks won the pennant by one game over the Vernon Tigers. On October 27, the final day of the season, the Oaks clinched the pennant by sweeping a double-header against the Los Angeles Angels, a morning game at Freeman's Park in Oakland and an afternoon game at Recreation Park in San Francisco. For those unable to attend the games, Oakland's Broadway Theater showed films of both games on the following day.

Third baseman Gus Hetling was voted the most valuable player in the PCL. The team also drew strength from its pitching staff.  Harry Ables led the PCL with 25 wins and 303 strikeouts, and Jack Killilay led the league with a .789 winning percentage. Second baseman Bill Leard led the league with 80 stolen bases.

Jack Killilay
John William Killilay (May 24, 1887 – October 21, 1968) was a pitcher in Major League Baseball who played for the Boston Red Sox during the 1911 season. Listed at 5 ft 11 in (1.80 m), 165 lb., Killilay batted and threw right-handed. He was born in Leavenworth, Kansas.

Killilay posted a 4-2 with 28 strikeouts and a 3.54 ERA in 14 appearances, including seven starts, one complete game, and 61 innings of work.

Killilay died in Tulsa, Oklahoma at age 81.
First class travel
First class is the most luxurious and most expensive travel class of seats and service on a train, passenger ship, airplane, bus, or other system of transport.  Compared to business class and economy class, it offers the best service and most comfortable accommodation.

Sleeping car
The sleeping car or sleeper (often wagon-lit) is a railway passenger car that can accommodate all passengers in beds of one kind or another, for the purpose of sleeping. George Pullman was the main American innovator and owner of sleeper cars in the late 19th and early 20th centuries when railroads dominated intercity passenger travel.

The first such cars saw sporadic use on American and English railways in the 1830s; they could be configured for coach seating during the day.
Dixmier conjecture
In algebra the Dixmier conjecture,  asked by Jacques Dixmier in 1968, is the conjecture that any endomorphism of a Weyl algebra is an automorphism.

Tsuchimoto in 2005, and independently Belov-Kanel and Kontsevich in 2007, showed that the Dixmier conjecture is stably equivalent to the Jacobian conjecture.

Automorphism
In mathematics, an automorphism is an isomorphism from a mathematical object to itself. It is, in some sense, a symmetry of the object, and a way of mapping the object to itself while preserving all of its structure. The set of all automorphisms of an object forms a group, called the automorphism group. It is, loosely speaking, the symmetry group of the object.
2017 Queensland Basketball League season
The 2017 Men's Queensland Basketball League season was the 32nd running of the competition.

The teams for this season were: Brisbane Capitals, Brisbane Spartans, Cairns Marlins, Gladstone Port City Power, Gold Coast Rollers, Ipswich Force, Logan Thunder, Mackay Meteors, Rockhampton Rockets, South West Metro Pirates, Sunshine Coast Phoenix, Toowoomba Mountaineers, Townsville Heat and USC Rip City.

Logan Thunder (NBL1 North)
Logan Thunder is a NBL1 North club based in Logan, Queensland, Australia. The club fields a team in both the Men's and Women's NBL1 North. The club is a division of Logan Basketball Inc., the major administrative basketball organisation in the region. The Thunder play their home games at Cornubia Park Sports Centre.
Steele Canyon High School
Steele Canyon Charter High School is a public charter high school in Spring Valley, San Diego County, California, United States. Opened in 2000, the school serves students in grades nine through twelve. It has operated as a California charter school since July 1, 2007. Steele Canyon's main rival is Valhalla High School. Steele Canyon served as an evacuation center for San Diego residents threatened by the Harris fire, one of the larger October 2007 California wildfires.

Valhalla High School (California)
Valhalla High School is a public high school in Rancho San Diego, California. It is operated by Grossmont Union High School District with an enrollment of 2,112 students. The school is characterized by its school colors, orange and white, going by the nickname Orange Nation. During its existence, the school has won the California Distinguished School Award in both 2001 and 2003, and is also accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges. The school is currently directed by principal Joshua Johnson and three assistant principals.
Betong Airport
Betong International Airport (IATA: BTZ, ICAO: VTSY) is in Yarom subdistrict, Betong district, Yala province in southern Thailand. The airport is 12 km (7.5 mi) east of Betong, 85 km (53 mi) southeast from Yala city and 20 km (12 mi) via the Malaysian border. The airport covers an area of 1.47 million sq.m. (15,800,000 sq.ft.).

Hat Yai International Airport
Hat Yai International Airport (IATA: HDY, ICAO: VTSS) is in Khlong La subdistrict, Khlong Hoi Khong district, Songkhla province in southern Thailand, near the city of Hat Yai. It is under the management of Airports of Thailand, PLC (AOT). It serves more than 3 million passengers per year, 12,000 flights, and 3,000 tons of cargo, making it the fifth busiest airport in the country by passenger traffic in 2023.
Charlotte Ballet
Charlotte Ballet is the oldest professional ballet company in North Carolina. It was founded as North Carolina Dance Theatre in Winston-Salem by Robert Lindgren, who was then Dean of Dance at the University of North Carolina School of the Arts, in 1970. It moved to Charlotte in 1990 and rebranded as Charlotte Ballet in 2014. It currently has 26 dancers and is the parent company of the Charlotte Ballet Academy.

University of North Carolina School of the Arts
The University of North Carolina School of the Arts (UNCSA) is a public art school in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. It grants a high school diploma, in addition to both undergraduate and graduate degrees. Founded in 1963 as the North Carolina School of the Arts by then-Governor Terry Sanford, it was the first public arts conservatory in the United States. The school owns and operates the Stevens Center in Downtown Winston-Salem and is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.

The school consists of five professional schools: School of Dance, School of Design & Production (including a High School Visual Arts Program), School of Drama, School of Filmmaking, and School of Music.