hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Østre Anlæg
Østre Anlæg is a public park in Copenhagen. Once it was a part of the old city fortifications.  The park was designed by landscape architect H.A. Flindt who also designed Ørstedsparken and Copenhagen Botanical Garden on the old fortification. The park lies between The National Art Museum at the southern end, and Oslo Plads and Østerport Station at the northern end. There are three lakes in this park, they used to be part of the moat system.

University of Copenhagen Botanical Garden
The University of Copenhagen Botanical Garden (Danish: Botanisk have), usually referred to simply as Copenhagen Botanical Garden, is a botanical garden located in the centre of Copenhagen, Denmark. It covers an area of 10 hectares and is particularly noted for its extensive complex of historical glasshouses dating from 1874.

The garden is part of the Natural History Museum of Denmark, which is itself part of the University of Copenhagen Faculty of Science. It serves both research, educational and recreational purposes.

The identification code of the University of Copenhagen Botanical Garden as a member of the Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI), as well as the initials of its herbarium is C.
Varco Sabino
Varco Sabino is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Rieti in the Italian region of Latium, located about 60 kilometres (37 miles) northeast of Rome and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) southeast of Rieti.

The municipality borders with Ascrea, Castel di Tora, Concerviano, Marcetelli, Paganico Sabino, Pescorocchiano, Petrella Salto and Rocca Sinibalda.

Rocca Sinibalda
Rocca Sinibalda is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Rieti in the Italian region Lazio, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) northeast of Rome and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) southeast of Rieti.

It is home to the Sforza Cesarini Castle, originally built in 1084 but turned into a more modern fortress in the 1530s by Baldassare Peruzzi, commissioned  by Cardinal Alessandro Cesarini. The interior has frescoes from the 17th and 18th centuries.

The remains of the ancient Sabine town of Trebula Mutusca are not far.
Akoumokoumo
Akoumokoumo is a village in western Benin. It is located in Savalou commune in the Collines Department.

Nearby towns and villages include Alekpo (1.0 nm), Pepelou (1.0 nm), Amou (6.3 nm), Abala (3.2 nm), Lekpa (1.4 nm) and Abeokouta (4.0 nm).

Alekpo
Alekpo is a village in western Benin. It is located in Savalou commune in the Collines Department.

Nearby towns and villages include Kotongbo (4.1 nm), Apaki (3.6 nm), Otola (2.8 nm), Bouboule (12.5 nm), Amou (6.7 nm), Kikon (12.7 nm), Okpedie (12.4 nm), Lekpa (2.2 nm) and Akoumokoumo (1.0 nm).
Uronarti
Uronarti is an island and archaeological site in the Nile just south of the Second Cataract in the north of Sudan. The site features a massive ancient fortress that still stands on its northern end. This fortress is one of many constructed along the Nile in Lower Nubia during the Middle Kingdom, beginning under the reign of Senusret I.

This site was thought to be submerged under Lake Nasser, however parts remain above water and recently seen the establishment of new archaeological projects. The discoveries of the project include an extramural settlement contemporary with the fortress, called Site FC, and further details on the settlement itself.

Dabenarti
Dabenarti is an island in Sudan, situated in the middle of the Nile near the Second Cataract. It is close to Mirgissa, 900 metres (3,000 ft) from its east wall, and about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) south of the Buhen fortress. A fortress on the island was attributed to the Egyptian Nubian period. Construction began during the reign of Senusret I, around 1900 BC, and was completed under Senusret III. Landing at the island fort, measuring 60 by 230 metres (200 ft × 750 ft) in size, was difficult, and it was never completed. With the collapse of Egyptian power at the end of the Middle Kingdom, Dabenarti was abandoned around 1700 BC. It was examined in 1916 by Somers Clarke.
Kirkman's schoolgirl problem
Kirkman's schoolgirl problem is a problem in combinatorics proposed by Thomas Penyngton Kirkman in 1850 as Query VI in The Lady's and Gentleman's Diary (pg.48).  The problem states:

Fifteen young ladies in a school walk out three abreast for seven days in succession: it is required to arrange them daily so that no two shall walk twice abreast.

Complete quadrangle
In mathematics, specifically in incidence geometry and especially in projective geometry, a complete quadrangle is a system of geometric objects consisting of any four points in a plane, no three of which are on a common line, and of the six lines connecting the six pairs of points. Dually, a complete quadrilateral is a system of four lines, no three of which pass through the same point, and the six points of intersection of these lines. The complete quadrangle was called a tetrastigm by Lachlan (1893), and the complete quadrilateral was called a tetragram; those terms are occasionally still used. The complete quadrilateral has also been called a Pasch configuration, especially in the context of Steiner triple systems.
Perfect 10, Inc. v. Amazon.com, Inc.
Perfect 10, Inc. v. Amazon.com, Inc., 508 F.3d 1146 (9th Cir., 2007) was a case in the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit involving a copyright infringement claim against Amazon.com, Inc. and Google, Inc., by the magazine publisher Perfect 10, Inc. The court held that framing and hyperlinking of original images for use in an image search engine constituted a fair use of Perfect 10's images because the use was highly transformative, and thus not an infringement of the magazine's copyright ownership of the original images.

The case originated as a suit against Google, with Amazon being added as another defendant at the Circuit Court hearings, because Amazon used thumbnail images that had been obtained from Google.

Contributory copyright infringement
Contributory copyright infringement is a way of imposing secondary liability for infringement of a copyright. It is a means by which a person may be held liable for copyright infringement even though they did not directly engage in the infringing activity. It is one of the two forms of secondary liability apart from vicarious liability. Contributory infringement is understood to be a form of infringement in which a person is not directly violating a copyright but induces or authorizes another person to directly infringe the copyright.

This doctrine is a development of general tort law and is an extension of the principle in tort law that in addition to the tortfeasor, anyone who contributed to the tort should also be held liable.
Extrinsic extensor muscles of the hand
The extrinsic extensor muscles of the hand are located in the back of the forearm and have long tendons connecting them to bones in the hand, where they exert their action. Extrinsic denotes their location outside the hand. Extensor denotes their action which is to extend, or open flat, joints in the hand. They include the extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL), extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB), extensor digitorum (ED), extensor digiti minimi (EDM), extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU), abductor pollicis longus (APL), extensor pollicis brevis (EPB), extensor pollicis longus (EPL), and extensor indicis (EI).

Extensor digitorum muscle
The extensor digitorum muscle (also known as extensor digitorum communis) is a muscle of the posterior forearm present in humans and other animals. It extends the medial four digits of the hand. Extensor digitorum is innervated by the posterior interosseous nerve, which is a branch of the radial nerve.
Florence Camm
Florence Camm (7 August 1874 – 1960) was a British stained-glass artist, painter and metalworker associated with the Arts and Crafts movement. Camm and her brothers, Walter and Robert, took over the management of the family stained-glass business after her father, T. W. Camm died in 1912. Camm was the principal designer of the firm until her death in 1960.

Birmingham School of Art
The Birmingham School of Art was a municipal art school based in the centre of Birmingham, England. Although the organisation was absorbed by Birmingham Polytechnic in 1971 and is now part of Birmingham City University's Faculty of Arts, Design and Media, its Grade I listed building on Margaret Street remains the home of the university's Department of Fine Art and is still commonly referred to by its original title.
Hillcrest School (Jos, Nigeria)
Hillcrest School is a private, co-educational day school situated in the city of Jos in Nigeria which is sponsored by ten Christian mission bodies.

Hillcrest School was ranked 40th out of the top 100 best high schools in Africa by Africa Almanac in 2003, based upon quality of education, student engagement, strength and activities of alumni, school profile, internet and news visibility.

SIM (Christian organization)
SIM is an international, interdenominational Evangelical Christian mission organization. It was established in 1893 by its three founders, Walter Gowans and Rowland Bingham of Canada and Thomas Kent of the United States.

The initials originally stood for "Soudan Interior Mission," Soudan being an older spelling of the Sudan region of West Africa. After various name changes and mergers, the mission simply goes by "SIM" today. In French-speaking countries it is known as "Société Internationale Missionnaire." SIM is also a member of the Forum of Bible Agencies International.
Kahala Brands
Kahala Brands is a wholly owned subsidiary of Canada-based MTY Food Group Inc. of Montreal, Quebec. Based in Scottsdale, Arizona, Kahala is one of North America's largest holding company of franchise fast food restaurant companies. In May 2016, the publicly traded Canadian MTY Food Group announced a friendly takeover deal with the Kahala Brands. MTY agreed to pay about US$300 million to acquire Kahala. The two companies generated nearly $2 billion in revenues in the previous year. Jeff Smit was chosen to lead the US operations of MTY.

Blimpie
Blimpie International, Inc. is an American submarine sandwich chain based in Scottsdale, Arizona. It was founded in Hoboken, New Jersey, in 1964, by three friends, and has since endured three ownership changes.
Łapczyna Wola
Łapczyna Wola [wapˈt͡ʂɨna ˈvɔla] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kluczewsko, within Włoszczowa County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) north of Kluczewsko, 16 km (10 mi) north of Włoszczowa, and 52 km (32 mi) west of the regional capital Kielce.

Kluczewsko
Kluczewsko [kluˈt͡ʂɛfskɔ] is a village in Włoszczowa County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Kluczewsko. It lies approximately 9 km (6 mi) north of Włoszczowa and 50 km (31 mi) west of the regional capital Kielce.
Journal of Narrative Theory
The Journal of Narrative Theory is a triannual peer-reviewed academic journal covering narratology in literary fiction. The journal was established in 1971 as The Journal of Narrative Technique and obtained its current title in 1999. It is published by the Department of English at Eastern Michigan University and the editors-in-chief are Abby Coykendall and Andrea Kaston Tange. In An Introduction to Narratology, Monika Fludernik lists it as one of "the most important journals in the field".

Narratology
Narratology is the study of narrative and narrative structure and the ways that these affect human perception. The term is an anglicisation of French narratologie, coined by Tzvetan Todorov (Grammaire du Décaméron, 1969). Its theoretical lineage is traceable to Aristotle (Poetics) but modern narratology is agreed to have begun with the Russian formalists, particularly Vladimir Propp (Morphology of the Folktale, 1928), and Mikhail Bakhtin's theories of heteroglossia, dialogism, and the chronotope first presented in The Dialogic Imagination (1975).

Cognitive narratology is a more recent development that allows for a broader understanding of narrative. Rather than focus on the structure of the story, cognitive narratology asks "how humans make sense of stories" and "how humans use stories as sense-making instruments".
Composite reflectivity
The composite reflectivity is the maximum dBZ reflectivity from any of the reflectivity angles of the NEXRAD weather radar. In the Composite, the highest intensities amongst those available in the different angles above each point of the image will be displayed. In the Canadian weather radar network, this is called MAXR, for Maximum reflectivity in the column.

DBZ (meteorology)
dBZ is a logarithmic dimensionless technical unit used in radar. It is mostly used in weather radar, to compare the equivalent reflectivity factor (Z) of a remote object (in mm6 per m3) to the return of a droplet of rain with a diameter of 1 mm (1 mm6 per m3). It is proportional to the number of drops per unit volume and the sixth power of drops' diameter and is thus used to estimate the rain or snow intensity. With other variables analyzed from the radar returns it helps to determine the type of precipitation. Both the radar reflectivity factor and its logarithmic version are commonly referred to as reflectivity when the context is clear. In short, the higher the dBZ value, the more likely it is for severe weather to occur in the form of precipitation.

Values above 20 dBZ usually indicate falling precipitation, but can also mean sleet, hail, or snow
.
Amanda Solloway
Amanda Jane Solloway (née Edghill, 6 June 1961) is a British politician who served as Lord Commissioner of the Treasury from September 2022 to July 2024 and Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Affordability and Skills from February 2023 to July 2024. A member of the Conservative Party, she was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Derby North between 2019 and 2024, having previously served from 2015 to 2017.

Minister of State for Science, Innovation, Research and Nuclear
The minister of state for science, innovation, research and nuclear (also known as the science minister) is a mid-level position in the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology and the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero in the British government. It was created by the Starmer ministry in 2025.

From 2016 to 2023, the minister was based at the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy.
The Brighton Twins
The Brighton Twins (French: Les jumeaux de Brighton) is a 1936 French comedy film directed by Claude Heymann and starring Raimu, Michel Simon and Suzy Prim. It is based on the 1908 play of the same title by Tristan Bernard and Robert Bresson worked on the screen adaptation.

Robert Bresson
Robert Bresson (French: [ʁɔbɛʁ bʁɛsɔ̃]; 25 September 1901 – 18 December 1999) was a French filmmaker. Known for his ascetic approach, Bresson made a notable contribution to the art of cinema; his non-professional actors, ellipses, and sparse use of scoring have led his works to be regarded as preeminent examples of minimalist film. Much of his work is known for being tragic in story and nature.

Bresson is among the most highly regarded filmmakers of all time. He has the highest number of films (seven) that made the 2012 Sight and Sound critics' poll of the Greatest Films of All Time. His works A Man Escaped (1956), Pickpocket (1959) and Au hasard Balthazar (1966) were ranked among the top 100, and other films like Mouchette (1967) and L'Argent (1983) also received many votes. Jean-Luc Godard once wrote, "He is the French cinema, as Dostoevsky is the Russian novel and Mozart is German music."
Henry Johnson (Kenosha politician)
Henry Johnson (September 3, 1794 – February 27, 1868) was an American farmer, Republican politician, and Wisconsin pioneer.  He was instrumental in the founding of the Wisconsin State Agricultural Society, and served two terms in the Wisconsin State Assembly, representing eastern Kenosha County.  Earlier in his life, he was a member of the New York State Legislature.

Somers, Wisconsin
Somers is a village in Kenosha County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 8,402 at the 2020 census. Somers has a post office with ZIP code 53171. The former unincorporated communities of Berryville, Central Park, and Kellogg's Corners are located in the village.

The village of Somers was incorporated on April 24, 2015, following a local election that favored incorporation. While the village originally only included the eastern half of the town's former boundaries, it now includes almost all of the original town; the remainder is still a town and is slated to become part of Kenosha by 2035.
Spotted Tail Gravesite
The gravesite of the Brulé Lakota chief Spotted Tail stands outside an Episcopal cemetery on the outskirts of Rosebud, South Dakota, the government center of the Rosebud Indian Reservation.  It is marked by a stone obelisk which is engraved "Spotted Tail", Chief of the Sioux (Born 1823, Died Aug. 5, 1881).  The plot is surrounded by a wrought iron fence.  It is significant as the only site associated with Spotted Tail's life.  Spotted Tail was chosen to lead the Brulé when they were first confined to the reservation, and was an influential figure in the tribal politics of the 1870s.  His gravesite was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

Rosebud, South Dakota
Rosebud also Sicanġu (Lakhota Sicanġu; "Scorched Thigh") is a census-designated place (CDP) in Todd County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 1,455 at the 2020 census.

Rosebud is located on the Rosebud Indian Reservation. It is home to the Rosebud Sioux tribe. Rosebud also has many tribal agencies  such as the Indian Health Service, Bureau of Indian Affairs, Tribal Land Enterprise, Tribal BIA Police, and the Division of Forestry and Wildland Fire Management.
Palatine Lion
The Palatine Lion (German: Pfälzer Löwe), less commonly the Palatinate Lion, is an heraldic charge (see also: heraldic lions). It was originally part of the family coat of arms of the House of Wittelsbach and is found today on many coats of arms of municipalities, counties and regions in South Germany and the Austrian Innviertel.

Palatinate-Neuburg
Palatinate-Neuburg (German: Herzogtum Pfalz-Neuburg) was a territory of the Holy Roman Empire, founded in 1505 by a branch of the House of Wittelsbach. Its capital was Neuburg an der Donau. Its area was about 2,750 km2, with a population of some 100,000.
Griffon Nivernais
The Griffon Nivernais is a breed of dog of the scenthound type, originating in France. It is a versatile hunting dog, used on small and large game, in packs or individually. Today's breed is a reconstruction of an ancient type of dog from the Nivernais region.

Nivernais
Nivernais (/ˌniːvərˈneɪ/, French: [nivɛʁnɛ] ⓘ) was a province of France, around the city of Nevers, which forms the modern department of Nièvre. It roughly coincides with the former Duchy of Nevers.

The raw climate and soils cause the area to be heavily wooded.
Shatin SA
Shatin Sports Association (Chinese: 沙田體育會) is a Hong Kong football club based in the Sha Tin District. The club currently competes in the Hong Kong First Division.

The club plays most of its home matches at Ma On Shan Sports Ground.

2017–18 Hong Kong First Division League
The 2017–18 Hong Kong First Division League was the 4th season of Hong Kong First Division since it became the second-tier football league in Hong Kong in 2014–15. The season began on 9 September 2017 and ended on 20 May 2018.
HD 73344
HD 73344 is a star located in the constellation Cancer. It has a faint apparent magnitude of 6.9 and therefore can't be seen by the naked eye. It is located 35.2 parsecs (115 light-years) away based on parallax measurements. This star hosts three confirmed exoplanets.

Doppler spectroscopy
Doppler spectroscopy (also known as the radial-velocity method, or colloquially, the wobble method) is an indirect method for finding extrasolar planets and brown dwarfs from radial-velocity measurements via observation of Doppler shifts in the spectrum of the planet's parent star.
As of January 2026, over 1,100 known extrasolar planets (about 19.0% of the total) have been discovered using Doppler spectroscopy.
Matthew Richardson (economist)
Matthew Richardson is the Charles E. Simon Professor of Applied Economics and Professor of Finance in the Finance Department at the Leonard N. Stern School of Business of New York University (NYU), New York, United States. 
He is also the Director of Alternative Investments at the Salomon Center for the Study of Financial Institutions at NYU. and a Research Associate of the National Bureau of Economic Research.  Richardson is a co-editor of the Annual Review of Financial Economics.

Richardson has co-edited or co-authored four books on the 2008 financial crisis and the modernization of insurance regulations:  Restoring Stability: How to Repair a Failed System (2009),
Regulating Wall Street: The Dodd-Frank Act and the New Architecture of Global Finance (2010),
Guaranteed to Fail: Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and the Debacle of Mortgage Finance (2011) 
and Modernizing Insurance Regulation (2014).

National Bureau of Economic Research
The National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) is an American private nonprofit research organization "committed to undertaking and disseminating unbiased economic research among public policymakers, business professionals, and the academic community." The NBER is known for proposing start and end dates for recessions in the United States.

Many chairpersons of the Council of Economic Advisers were previously NBER research associates, including the former NBER president and Harvard professor Martin Feldstein. The NBER's current president and CEO is James M. Poterba of MIT.
Textbook of Military Medicine
The Textbook of Military Medicine (TMM) is a series of volumes on military medicine published since 1989 by the Borden Institute, of the Office of The Surgeon General, of the United States Department of the Army.  It constitutes a comprehensive, multi-volume treatise on the art and science of military medicine, as practiced by the United States armed forces. The books integrate lessons learned in past wars with current principles and practices of military medical doctrine.

The spectrum of topics is broad, ranging from wound ballistics to medical ethics, and from considerations of harsh environments to applied biomedicine. The TMM series is intended to be tri-service in scope, although the majority of contributors are affiliated with the U.S. Army.

Surgeon General of the United States Army
The surgeon general of the United States Army is the senior-most officer of the U.S. Army Medical Department (AMEDD). By policy, the surgeon general (TSG) serves as commanding general, U.S. Army Medical Command (MEDCOM) as well as head of the AMEDD. The surgeon general's office and staff are known as the Office of the Surgeon General (OTSG) and are located in Falls Church, Virginia.

Since 1959, TSG has been appointed in the grade of lieutenant general. By law, TSG may be appointed from any of the six officer branches of the AMEDD. However, prior to the 43rd surgeon general, Lt. Gen. Patricia Horoho — an Army Nurse Corps officer — all appointed and confirmed surgeons general have been Medical Corps officers — military physicians. The incumbent surgeon general is Lieutenant General Mary K. Izaguirre.