hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Erling Nielsen (philologist)
Erling Frede Nielsen (1920 – 2000) was a Danish philologist.

He worked as a lecturer in Danish language and Danish literature at the University of Oslo from 1950 to 1990. Notable releases include H. C. Andersen og andre danskere (1955) and Navne i dansk litteratur (1970, with Lone Klem). He also edited the series Cappelens nordiske bibliotek, with about thirty titles of Nordic poetry released on Cappelens Forlag in the post-war period, as well as the anthologies Dansk skrivekunst, Norsk skrivekunst and Norske dikt. He was decorated with the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav.

For the general audience, he became known when scolding song writer Arne Bendiksen for the song Oj, oj, oj, så glad jeg skal bli, the Norwegian entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 1969. This developed into a heated debate.

Order of St. Olav
The Royal Norwegian Order of Saint Olav (Norwegian: Den Kongelige Norske Sankt Olavs Orden; or Sanct Olafs Orden, the old Norwegian name) is a Norwegian order of chivalry instituted by King Oscar I on 21 August 1847. It is named after King Olav II, known to posterity as St. Olav.

Just before the union with Sweden was dissolved in 1905, the Order of the Norwegian Lion was instituted in 1904 by King Oscar II, but no appointments were awarded by his successor, King Haakon VII. The Order of St. Olav thus became the kingdom's only order of chivalry for the next 80 years. The Grand Master of the order is the reigning monarch of Norway. It is used to reward individuals for remarkable accomplishments on behalf of the country and humanity. Since 1985, appointments to the order have only been conferred upon Norwegian citizens, though foreign heads of state and royalty may be appointed as a matter of courtesy.
Jagga Gujjar
Jagga Gujjar (born Chaudhry Muhammad Sharif Gujjar; c. 1940 - 3 July 1968) was a bandit in Lahore, Pakistan during the 1950s and 1960s. He is notable for the tax he imposed on the rich called 'Jagga Tax', using that money for the welfare of the poor. He was a resident of Lahore's area Islamia Park, near Chauburji.

Chauburji
Chauburji  (Punjabi and Urdu: چو برجی, "Four Towers") is a Mughal era monument in the city of Lahore, capital of the Pakistani province of Punjab. The monument was built in 1646 C.E. during the reign of the emperor Shah Jahan. It previously acted as a gateway to a large garden.
Submerged floating tunnel
A submerged floating tunnel (SFT), also known as submerged floating tube bridge (SFTB), suspended tunnel, or Archimedes bridge, is a proposed design for a tunnel that floats in water, supported by its buoyancy (specifically, by employing the hydrostatic thrust, or Archimedes' principle).

The tube would be placed underwater, deep enough to avoid water traffic and weather, but not so deep that high water pressure needs to be dealt with; usually a depth of 20 to 50 m (66 to 164 ft) is sufficient. Cables either anchored to the seabed or to pontoons on the surface would prevent it from floating to the surface or submerging, respectively.

Pontoon boat
A pontoon boat is a flattish boat that relies on floats to remain buoyant. These pontoons (also called tubes) contain much reserve buoyancy and allow designers to create large deck plans fitted with a variety of accommodations including expansive lounge areas, stand-up bars, and sun pads. More horsepower is now able to be applied to the stern due to design improvements. Pontoon boat drafts may be as shallow as eight inches (20 centimetres), which reduces risk of running aground and underwater damage; this allows it to come close to shore to pick up and drop off loads.
La Graufesenque
La Graufesenque is an archaeological site 2 km from Millau, Aveyron, France, at the confluence of the rivers Tarn and Dourbie. As Condatomagus (market of the confluent), it was famous in the Gallo-Roman period for the production of high quality dark red terra sigillata Roman pottery, which was made in vast quantities and exported over much of the western part of the Roman Empire.

The site, partly owned by the commune and partly private, has been listed by the French Ministry of Culture since 1926. It was classified as a monument historique in 1995.

Ministry of Culture (France)
The Ministry of Culture (French: Ministère de la Culture [ministɛʁ də la kyltyʁ]) is the ministry of the Government of France in charge of national museums and the monuments historiques. Its goal is to maintain the French identity through the promotion and protection of the arts (visual, plastic, theatrical, musical, dance, architectural, literary, televisual and cinematographic) on national soil and abroad. Its budget is mainly dedicated to the management of the Archives Nationales (six national sites and hundred decentralised storage facilities) and the regional Maisons de la culture (culture centres).

Its main office is in the Palais-Royal in the 1st arrondissement of Paris on the Rue de Valois. It is headed by the Minister of Culture, a cabinet member. The most recent officeholder has been Rachida Dati, before she resigned to focus on her candidacy of the 2026 Paris municipal election.
Chlaenius festivus
Chlaenius festivus is a species of ground beetle native to the Palearctic (including Europe) and the Near East. In Europe, it is found in Albania, Austria, the Balearic Islands (doubtful), Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Crete, Croatia, the Cyclades Islands, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, the Dodecanese Islands, European Turkey, mainland France, mainland Greece, Hungary, mainland Italy, Malta (doubtful), Moldova, North Macedonia, Poland, Romania, southern Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, mainland Spain (doubtful), Ukraine, and Yugoslavia.

East Thrace
East Thrace or Eastern Thrace, also known as Turkish Thrace or European Turkey, is the part of Turkey that is geographically in Southeast Europe. Turkish Thrace accounts for 3.03% of Turkey's land area and 15% of its population. The largest city is Istanbul, which straddles the Bosporus between Europe and Asia. East Thrace is of historic importance as it is next to a major sea trade corridor and constitutes what remains of the once-vast Ottoman region of Rumelia. It is currently also of specific geostrategic importance because the sea corridor, which includes two narrow straits, provides access to the Mediterranean Sea from the Black Sea for the navies of five countries: Russia, Ukraine, Romania, Bulgaria, and Georgia. The region also serves as a future connector of existing Turkish, Bulgarian, and Greek high-speed rail networks.
Due to the guest worker agreement with Turkey and Germany, some Turks in Germany originally come from Eastern Thrace, mostly from the Kırklareli Province.
The Emperor's Nightingale
The Emperor's Nightingale (Czech: Císařův slavík) is a 1949 Czechoslovak stop-motion animated film directed by Jiří Trnka and Miloš Makovec. The film is based on the 1843 fairy tale "The Nightingale" by Hans Christian Andersen. Boris Karloff provides the voice of the narrator in the 1951 American dubbed version. The film won the Golden Leopard at the Locarno International Film Festival.

In the film, a live-action boy dreams that his toys are real. The toys come to life in stop-motion animation, and tell the story of a Chinese emperor who makes friends with a nightingale.

Hans Christian Andersen
Hans Christian Andersen (/ˈændərsən/ AN-dər-sən; Danish: [ˈhænˀs ˈkʰʁestjæn ˈɑnɐsn̩, - ˈkʰʁæs-] ⓘ; 2 April 1805 – 4 August 1875) was a Danish author. Although a prolific writer of plays, travelogues, novels, and poems, he is best remembered for his literary fairy tales.

Andersen's fairy tales, consisting of 156 stories across nine volumes, have been translated into more than 125 languages. They have become embedded in Western collective consciousness, accessible to children as well as presenting lessons of virtue and resilience in the face of adversity for mature readers. His most famous fairy tales include "The Emperor's New Clothes", "The Little Mermaid", "The Nightingale", "The Steadfast Tin Soldier", "The Red Shoes", "The Princess and the Pea", "The Snow Queen", "The Ugly Duckling", "The Little Match Girl", and "Thumbelina." Andersen's stories have inspired ballets, plays, and animated and live-action films.
S. Venkateswaran
Sundaram Ayyar Venkateswaran CIE (2 January 1901 - June 1968) was a civil servant of the Indian Civil Service who served as Census Commissioner of Madras State during the 1951 census (the first Indian to hold the post) and the Chief Election Commissioner of Madras Presidency (later Madras State) from 26 June 1948 to 22 August 1952. He also served as Commissioner of Land Revenue for Madras State and Vice-President of the Madras Music Academy.

Madras State
Madras State was a state in the Indian Republic, which was in existence during the mid-20th century as a successor to the Madras Province of British India. The state came into existence on 26 January 1950 when the Constitution of India was adopted and included the present-day Tamil Nadu, parts of neighbouring states of Kerala, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka.

Andhra state was separated in 1953. The state was further re-organized with the Malabar District being merged with the newly formed state of Kerala as well as five Tamil-majority taluks being incorporated into Madras State from the erstwhile Travancore–Cochin when states were redrawn linguistically in 1956. On 14 January 1969, the state was renamed Tamil Nadu.
Caméra d'Or
The Caméra d'Or ("Golden Camera") is an award of the Cannes Film Festival for the best first feature film presented in one of the Cannes selections (Official Selection, Directors' Fortnight or Critics' Week).

The prize was created in 1978 by Gilles Jacob, and is awarded during the festival's closing ceremony by an independent jury.

1978 Cannes Film Festival
The 31st Cannes Film Festival took place from 16 to 30 May 1978. American filmmaker Alan J. Pakula served as jury president for the main competition.

Italian filmmaker Ermanno Olmi won the Palme d'Or, the festival's top prize, for the drama film The Tree of Wooden Clogs.

This festival saw the introduction of a new section, the Un Certain Regard, initially as a non-competitive programme which replaced the Les Yeux Fertiles (1975-1977), L'Air du temps and Le Passé composé sections.

The festival opened with A Hunting Accident by Emil Loteanu, and closed with Fedora by Billy Wilder.
Torstein Dahle
Torstein Dahle (born 20 February 1947) is a Norwegian politician and economist. He works at the Bergen University College and represents Red Party in the city council of Bergen. Dahle was born in Oslo.

At age 14, Dahle joined Lambertseter Youth Conservatives (Unge Høyre). He attended Oslo Cathedral School and Oslo Commerce School. After moving to Bergen in 1966, he moved to the far left and co-founded the Maoist group AKP(m-l) in the early 1970s. He remained in the party until 1997.

From 2003 to 2007, Dahle led the AKP(m-l)-initiated Red Electoral Alliance, which he had also helped establish. He continued to lead the Red Party, a 2007 merger of AKP(m-l) and the Red Electoral Alliance. In 2010, he was succeeded as Red Party leader by Turid Thomassen.

Dahle is openly gay since the late 1960s.

Gay men
Gay men are male homosexuals. Historic terminology for gay men has included inverts and uranians.

Gay men continue to face significant discrimination in large parts of the world, particularly in parts of Asia and Africa. In the Western world, many gay men still experience discrimination in their daily lives, though some openly gay men have reached national success and prominence, including Apple CEO Tim Cook and heads of state or government such as Edgars Rinkēvičs (president of Latvia since 2023).

The word gay is recommended by LGBTQ groups and style guides to describe all people exclusively attracted to members of the same sex, while lesbian refers specifically to female homosexuals, and gay men to male homosexuals.
Joe Bash
Joe Bash is an American comedy-drama television series that aired on ABC from March 28 to May 10, 1986. Starring Peter Boyle as a weary and embittered New York City Police Department beat cop, it was created by Danny Arnold following his sitcom Barney Miller. The production company was Tetagram Ltd., with Arnold and Chris Hayward serving as the show's executive producers. All six episodes were written by the team of Arnold, Hayward  and Philip Jayson Lasker, with Arnold directing all but the fifth episode, which was directed by John Florea.

Chris Hayward
Christopher Robert Hayward (June 19, 1925 – November 20, 2006) was an American television writer and producer. He was the co-creator, with Allan Burns, of the television shows The Munsters (1964) and My Mother the Car (1965), and the creator of Dudley Do-Right.
Von Neumann stability analysis
In numerical analysis, von Neumann stability analysis (also known as Fourier stability analysis) is a procedure used to check the stability of finite difference schemes as applied to linear partial differential equations. The analysis is based on the Fourier decomposition of numerical error and was developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory after having been briefly described in a 1947 article by British researchers John Crank and Phyllis Nicolson.
This method is an example of explicit time integration where the function that defines governing equation is evaluated at the current time.
Later, the method was given a more rigorous treatment in an article co-authored by John von Neumann, wherein it is described as a "heuristic procedure" patterned after the more rigorous Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy condition.

Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy condition
In mathematics, the convergence condition by Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy (CFL) is a necessary condition for convergence while solving certain partial differential equations (usually hyperbolic PDEs) numerically. It arises in the numerical analysis of explicit time integration schemes, when these are used for the numerical solution. As a consequence, the time step must be less than a certain upper bound, given a fixed spatial increment, in many explicit time-marching computer simulations;  otherwise, the simulation produces incorrect or unstable results. The condition is named after Richard Courant, Kurt Friedrichs, and Hans Lewy who described it in their 1928 paper.
Kurmahat railway station
Kurmahat railway station is a railway station on the Dumka–Bhagalpur line of Sahibganj loop under Malda railway division of the Eastern Railway Zone. The station is situated beside Dumka–Hansdiha Road, Kunji at Kurmahat in Dumka district in the Indian state of Jharkhand.

Eastern Railway zone
22°34′21.8″N 88°21′50.2″E﻿ / ﻿22.572722°N 88.363944°E﻿ / 22.572722; 88.363944

The Eastern Railway (abbreviated ER) is among the 19 zones of the Indian Railways. Its headquarters is at Fairley Place (Kolkata) and comprises four divisions: Howrah, Malda, Sealdah, and Asansol. Each division is headed by a Divisional Railway Manager (DRM). The name of the division denotes the name of the city where the divisional headquarters is located. Eastern Railway oversees the largest and second largest rail complexes in the country, Howrah Junction and Sealdah railway station, and also contains the highest number of A1 and A Category Stations like Howrah, Malda Town,
Sealdah, Asansol, Kolkata, Durgapur, Barddhaman, Jasidih, Madhupur, Rampurhat Junction, Bhagalpur, Jamalpur, Bandel and Naihati. Eastern Railways operates India's oldest train, Kalka Mail.
Troilus and Cressida
The Tragedy of Troilus and Cressida, often shortened to Troilus and Cressida (/ˈtrɔɪlʌs ... ˈkrɛsɪdə/ or /ˈtroʊ.ɪlʌs/), is a play by William Shakespeare, probably written in 1602.

At Troy during the Trojan War, Troilus and Cressida begin a love affair. Cressida is forced to leave Troy to join her father in the Greek camp. Meanwhile, the Greeks endeavour to lessen the pride of Achilles.

The tone alternates between bawdy comedy and tragic gloom. Readers and theatre-goers have frequently found it difficult to understand how they are meant to respond to the characters. Frederick S. Boas has labelled it one of Shakespeare's problem plays. It is the subject of lively critical debate.

George Chapman
George Chapman (c. 1559 – 12 May 1634) was an English dramatist, translator and poet. He was a classical scholar whose work shows the influence of Stoicism. Chapman is seen as an anticipator of the metaphysical poets of the 17th century. He is best remembered for his translations of Homer's Iliad and Odyssey, and the Homeric Batrachomyomachia.

Shakespeare was a contemporary of Chapman, and there is evidence that he knew some of Chapman's work. William Minto proposed Chapman as a candidate for being the "Rival Poet" mentioned in Shakespeare's sonnets.
Democratic Renewal
Democratic Renewal (DIANA, Greek: Δημοκρατική Ανανέωση (ΔΗ.ΑΝΑ.), Dimokratiki Ananeosi) was a Greek political party founded by Konstantinos Stephanopoulos on September 6, 1985. It continued to exist until June 1994.

Stephanopoulos left the New Democracy (ND) party in August 1985 over a conflict with Konstantinos Mitsotakis together with nine other ND deputies. The party was able to obtain one seat in the 1989 (June) election and one in the 1990 election.

1990 Greek parliamentary election
Early parliamentary elections were held in Greece on 8 April 1990. The conservative New Democracy party of Konstantinos Mitsotakis, was elected, defeating PASOK of Andreas Papandreou. In order to be able to command a majority of 151 in the 300-seat Parliament, New Democracy had to secure the support of Theodoros Katsikis, Democratic Renewal's sole MP. Shortly after Mitsotakis was given a confidence vote, the Supreme Special Court, after a mistake in seat calculation was detected, gave a 152nd seat to the coalition of New Democracy and Democratic Renewal.
2021–22 BYU Cougars men's basketball team
The 2021–22 BYU Cougars men's basketball team represented Brigham Young University in the 2021–22 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. It was head coach Mark Pope's third season as BYU's head coach and the Cougars eleventh season as members of the West Coast Conference (WCC). The Cougars played their home games at the Marriott Center in Provo, Utah. They finished the season 24–11, 9–6 in WCC Play to finish in 5th place. They defeated Loyola Marymount in the Second Round of the WCC tournament before losing in the Third Round to San Francisco. They received an at-large bid to the National Invitation Tournament where they defeated Long Beach State and Northern Iowa to advance to the quarterfinals where they lost to Washington State.

2021–22 Loyola Marymount Lions men's basketball team
The 2021–22 Loyola Marymount Lions men's basketball team represented Loyola Marymount University during the 2021–22 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Lions were led by second-year head coach Stan Johnson and played their home games at Gersten Pavilion in Los Angeles, California as members of the West Coast Conference
Stefan Kapłaniak
Stefan Kapłaniak "Cenek" (10 April 1933 – 8 August 2021) was a Polish canoe sprinter who competed from the late 1950s to the mid-1960s. Competing in three Summer Olympics, he won a bronze medal in the K-2 1000 m event at Rome in 1960.

Kapłaniak also won two gold medals at the 1958 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships in Prague, earning them in the K-1 500 m and K-2 500 m events.

1958 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships
The 1958 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships were held in Prague, Czechoslovakia. This event was held under the auspices of the International Canoe Federation.

The men's competition consisted of four Canadian (single paddle, open boat) and nine kayak events. Two events were held for the women, both in kayak. This was the fifth championships in canoe sprint.

The Soviet Union won their first medals at these championships.
We Do for Córdoba
We Do for Córdoba (Spanish: Hacemos por Córdoba; HPC) is a provincial political coalition in Córdoba Province, Argentina. It was formed in 2019 to support the gubernatorial candidacy of Juan Schiaretti by the Union for Córdoba – another political coalition consisting of, chiefly, the Justicialist Party – as well as the Socialist Party, the Intransigent Party and the GEN Party.

The coalition won the 2019 provincial elections with ease; Schiaretti received 57.38% of the vote and the coalition now holds a qualified majority in the Legislature of Córdoba. Additionally, the coalition has representation in the National Congress, with one senator (Carlos Caserio) and four deputies (Cassinerio, Márquez, Vigo and Gutiérrez).

Claudia Márquez
Claudia Gabriela Márquez (born 22 January 1969) is an Argentine lawyer and politician who served as a National Deputy for Córdoba from 2019 to 2021. She assumed office on 10 December 2019, filling the vacancy left by Martín Llaryora.
Marsden Point Branch
The Marsden Point Branch is a 19 km (12 mi) branch line railway, proposed to be built in the Northland Region of New Zealand's North Island. It will diverge from the North Auckland Line at Oakleigh, south of Whangārei, and serve Northport at Marsden Point. The proposal has existed since the 1970s and land for the rail corridor is being actively purchased.

In October 2017, the new Labour–NZ First coalition government announced that it would spend $600 million on rehabilitating the North Auckland Line and building the branch at a cost of $200 million, the total works to cost $800 million. In June 2021 it was announced that the line would be built and was expected to take about 5 years. In April 2023 it was announced that KiwiRail was "progressing" the business case for the branch.

Port of Auckland
Port of Auckland Limited (POAL), the successor to the Auckland Harbour Board, is the Auckland Council-owned company administering Auckland's commercial freight and cruise ship harbour facilities. As the company operates all of the associated facilities in the Greater Auckland area (excluding the ferry terminals and local marinas for recreational yachting), this article is about both the current company and the ports of Auckland themselves.
Bavelaw Castle
Bavelaw Castle is a historic house in the City of Edinburgh Council area, Scotland. It is north of Hare Hill in the Pentland Hills, four miles west of Penicuik, and two miles south of Balerno, above Threipmuir Reservoir. It was designated as a Category A listed building in 1971.

City of Edinburgh Council
The City of Edinburgh Council (Scottish Gaelic: Comhairle Baile Dhùn Èideann) is the local government authority covering the City of Edinburgh council area. Almost half of the council area is the built-up area of Edinburgh, capital of Scotland. With a population of 530,680 in 2024, it is the second most populous local authority area in Scotland.

The council took on its current form in 1996 under the Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994, replacing the City of Edinburgh District Council of the Lothian region, which had been created in 1975. The history of local government in Edinburgh, however, stretches back much further. Around 1130, David I made the town a royal burgh and a burgh council, based at the Old Tolbooth is recorded continuously from the 14th century.

The council is currently based in Edinburgh City Chambers with a main office nearby at Waverley Court.
It's a Wonderful Life (album)
It's a Wonderful Life is the third studio album by American musical act Sparklehorse, released in the UK on June 11, 2001 and in the US on August 28, 2001 by Capitol and EMI. The album features appearances by Tom Waits, PJ Harvey, John Parish, Nina Persson and Dave Fridmann.

It was the band's most successful album commercially, selling over 63,000 copies.

Guy Maddin
Guy Maddin CM OM (born February 28, 1956) is a Canadian screenwriter, director, author, cinematographer, film editor, and installation artist. He is known for his fascination with lost Silent-era films and for incorporating their aesthetics into his own work. Maddin was appointed to the Order of Canada, the country's highest civilian honour, in 2012.

Maddin began serving as a visiting lecturer at Harvard University's Department of Art, Film, and Visual Studies in 2015.