hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Plasma parameters
Plasma parameters define various characteristics of a plasma, an electrically conductive collection of charged and neutral particles of various species (electrons and ions) that responds collectively to electromagnetic forces. Such particle systems can be studied statistically, i.e., their behaviour can be described based on a limited number of global parameters instead of tracking each particle separately.

Charged particle
In physics, a charged particle is a particle with an electric charge. For example, some elementary particles, like the electron or quarks are charged. Some composite particles like protons are charged particles.  An ion, such as a molecule or atom with a surplus or deficit of electrons relative to protons are also charged particles.

A plasma is a collection of charged particles, atomic nuclei and separated electrons, but can also be a gas containing a significant proportion of charged particles.

Charged particles are labeled as either  positive (+) or negative (-). The designations are arbitrary. Nothing is inherent to a positively charged particle that makes it "positive", and the same goes for negatively charged particles.
Shack (surname)
Shack is the surname of:

Eddie Shack (1937–2020), Canadian retired National Hockey League player

Joe Shack (1915–1987), Canadian National Hockey League player

Peter Shack (born 1953), Australian retired politician

Ruth Shack (born 1931), American human rights activist

Eddie Shack
Edward Steven Phillip Shack (February 11, 1937 – July 25, 2020), also known by his nicknames "the Entertainer" and "the Nose", was a Canadian professional ice hockey player of Ukrainian descent who played for six National Hockey League (NHL) teams from 1959 to 1975. He spent eight and a half seasons of his career with the Toronto Maple Leafs, with whom he won the Stanley Cup in 1962, 1963, 1964, and 1967.
Ivar Saris
Ivar Saris (born 14 July 1993) is a Dutch professional pool player. Saris is a regular player on the Euro Tour, finishing as runner-up at the 2019 Treviso Open, where he lost to Konrad Juszczyszyn in the final 9–6.

Saris made his first appearance at a world championship at the youth WPA World Nine-ball Championship, where he won three matches before losing to Mieszko Fortuński. Saris is a three time medalist at the youth European Pool Championships, winning the ten-ball event, and runner-up in straight pool in 2008.

Ten-ball
Ten-ball is a rotation pool game similar to nine-ball, but using ten balls instead of nine, and with the 10 ball instead of the 9 as the "money ball".

Although the game has existed since the early 1960s, its popularity has risen since the early 2000s as a result of concerns that nine-ball has suffered as a result of flaws in its fundamental structure, particularly the ease with which players can often make balls from the break. The World Pool-Billiard Association (WPA) standardized rules for ten-ball are very similar to those for nine-ball, but with key changes to increase the difficulty of the game. In contrast to nine-ball, it is slightly harder to pocket any balls on the break shot with the more crowded rack, the initial shooter cannot instantly win the game by pocketing the 10 on the break, all shots must be called, and performing a string of break-and-runs on successive racks is statistically more difficult to achieve.
Lucius
Lucius is a masculine given name derived from Lucius (Latin [ˈluː.ki.us]; Etruscan: Luvcie), abbreviated L., one of the small group of common Latin forenames (praenomina) found in the culture of ancient Rome. Lucius probably derives from Latin word lux (gen. lucis), meaning "light" (<PIE *leuk-, "brightness"), related to the Latin verb lucere ("to shine") and cognate to the name Lucas. Another proposed etymology is derivation from Etruscan Lauchum (or Lauchme) meaning "king", which was more directly transferred into Latin as Lucumo.

Lucia and Lucy are feminine forms of the name.

In addition, Lucius is a British masculine given name and an Austrian,  German, Luxembourgish and Dutch surname. Lucius has been translated into Italian, Spanish and Portuguese, as Lucio. Derived from the related patronymic Lucianus is Luciano in Italian, Spanish and Portuguese, Lucien in French and Luken in Basque.

Cognate
In historical linguistics, cognates or lexical cognates are sets of words that have been inherited in direct descent from an etymological ancestor in a common parent language.

Because language change can have radical effects on both the sound and the meaning of a word, cognates may not be obvious, and it often takes rigorous study of historical sources and the application of the comparative method to establish whether lexemes are cognate.  It can also happen that words which appear similar, or identical, in different languages, are not cognate.

Cognates are distinguished from loanwords, where a word has been borrowed from another language.
2022 NHRA SpringNationals
The 2022 NHRA SpringNationals were a National Hot Rod Association (NHRA) drag racing event, held at Houston Raceway Park in Baytown, Texas on April 24, 2022. Brittany Force took the victory in Top Fuel, while Matt Hagan won in Funny Car, and Erica Enders won in Pro Stock.

Matt Hagan
Matt Hagan (born November 18, 1982) is a professional NHRA Funny Car driver in the NHRA Mission Foods Drag Racing Series for Tony Stewart Racing. Most notably, he was the 2011, 2014, 2020 and 2023 NHRA Funny Car World Champion. He has had 55 Career Event titles, as well been in 98 Career Final Rounds, and 54 Career No.1 qualifying positions in his career following the 2025 season. He is driver of the 14 Dodge Power Brokers Funny Car team led by Dickie Venables.

On October 14, 2021, Hagan was announced as the Funny Car driver for Tony Stewart Racing in 2022.

On September 1, 2017, Hagan was the second Nitro Funny Car driver to break the 3.800 E/T barrier with a 3.799@338.77MPH pass at Lucas Oil Raceway. That same pass made him the current Funny Car elapsed time record and top speed record holder at Lucas Oil Raceway.
Napoleon's Last HQ
Napoleon's Last HQ (French: Le dernier QG de Napoléon) is a museum housed in the Ferme du Caillou (Caillou Farm) at Genappe, Belgium, where the Emperor Napoleon stayed the night before the Battle of Waterloo on 18 June 1815. The site is located 4 kilometres (2.5 miles) south of the Lion of Waterloo, at Chaussée de Bruxelles 66, 1472 Genappe. Travelling north, the high road passes pass over the Waterloo battlefield through Waterloo and on to Brussels.

Genappe
Genappe (French pronunciation: [ʒənap] ⓘ; Dutch: Genepiën, Dutch pronunciation: [ɣeːˈneːpijə(n)] ⓘ; Walloon: Djinape) is a municipality and city of Wallonia located in the Belgian province of Walloon Brabant.
Highland, Lake County, Minnesota
Highland is an unincorporated community in Lake County, Minnesota, United States.

The community is located 16 miles north of the city of Two Harbors near the intersection of Lake County Road 14 (Wales Road) and Highland Lake Road.

Lake County Highway 2 is in the area.  Highland is also known unofficially by the name Marcy.

The unincorporated communities of Wales and Brimson are nearby.

Highland is located within Lake No. 2 Unorganized Territory of Lake County.

Highland was named for its lofty elevation.

Two Harbors, Minnesota
Two Harbors is a city in and the county seat of Lake County, Minnesota, United States, along the shore of Lake Superior. The population was 3,633 at the 2020 census. Minnesota State Highway 61 serves as a main route in Two Harbors. Gooseberry Falls State Park is 13 miles (21 km) to the northeast. The city is home to a cargo shipping port for mined iron ore.
Shinto-ryu
Shinto-ryu can refer to several styles of classical Japanese swordsmanship used by the samurai:

Tenshin Shōden Katori Shintō-ryū

Kashima Shintō-ryū

Kasumi Shintō-ryū Kenjutsu

Hyōhō Niten Ichi-ryū

or to some other martial art:

Shintō Musō-ryū, a school of jōjutsu

Shindo Ryu, a modern style of karate

Shinto Ryu, a modern style of Taijutsu

Kasumi Shintō-ryū Kenjutsu
Kasumi Shintō-ryū Kenjutsu (霞神道流剣術), or (Shintō-ryū Kenjutsu), is one of the names used to describe the collection of sword-versus-sword training-forms (kata) for the long and short sword found exclusively in the Japanese martial arts system Shintō Musō-ryū (SMR).
The system comprises 12 standing forms, 8 of which are for the  longsword (Odachi) and 4 with the short sword (kodachi).
Coleus neochilus
Coleus neochilus, synonym Plectranthus neochilus, which is colloquially known as lobster bush, fly bush or mosquito bush, is a perennial ground cover with highly fragrant, partially scalloped, ovate leaves and  purple blue inflorescent spikes.

Fragrance compound
A fragrance compound (or fragrance) is a chemical compound with a pleasant odor. Fragrances affect only the sense of smell, whereas flavors can affect both the sense of taste and smell. Fragrances are often mixtures of individual fragrance compounds. Although many fragrances are derived from natural sources, many are synthetic. Fragrances are widely used in cosmetics and are the basis for a large industry.
Smith-Burges baronets
The Smith-Burges Baronetcy, of East Ham in the County of Essex, was a title in the Baronetage of Great Britain.

It was created on 4 May 1793 for John Smith Burges, a Director of the Honourable East India Company. Born John Smith, he had assumed by Royal licence the additional surname of Burges in 1790, which was that of his father-in-law, Ynyr Burges, Secretary of the Honourable East India Company. Smith had married Margaret Burges on 14 May 1771. They lived at the Bower House, Havering atte Bower.

Smith-Burges was childless and the title became extinct on his death in 1803.

Havering-atte-Bower
Havering-atte-Bower (/ˈheɪvərɪŋ ˈæti ˈbaʊər/ HAY-vər-ing AT-ee BOW-ər) is a village in Greater London, England, in the far north of the London Borough of Havering. The village lies 15 miles (24 km) northeast of Charing Cross. It was one of three former parishes whose area comprised the historic Royal Liberty of Havering.

Havering-atte-Bower has been the location of a number of palaces and large houses including Bower House, The Round House, Pyrgo Palace and Havering Palace.
Arcanum Unbounded: The Cosmere Collection
Arcanum Unbounded: The Cosmere Collection is a collection of epic fantasy short stories and novellas written by American author Brandon Sanderson set in his Cosmere universe. It was published on November 22, 2016, by Tor Books.

Mistborn Adventure Game
The Mistborn Adventure Game is a pen-and-paper role-playing game published in 2011 by Crafty Games. It is a licensed release based on American author Brandon Sanderson's Mistborn novel series.: 107  Sanderson was involved in the game's creation. The game's setting, Scadrial, is the same as that of the Mistborn series. The initial Mistborn Adventure Game book was released on December 16, 2011. Since 2011, four supplementary material books have been published. The first supplement was released March 2014 and is called Terris: Wrought of Copper. The second supplement was released on August 7, 2014 and is called Alloy of Law, not to be confused with the fourth Mistborn book called The Alloy of Law. The third supplement was released on December 22, 2015 and is called Skaa: Tin & Ash. The fourth supplement is called The Alloy of Law: Masks of the Past and was released on August 8, 2017.
The Fugitive (poem)
"The Fugitive" (Russian: Беглец, romanized: Beglets) is a poem by Mikhail Lermontov, written in 1838 (according to Pavel Viskovatov, citing Akim Shan-Girey, the poet's relative) and first published in 1846, by the Sevodnya i Vtchera (Today and Yesterday) almanac. The final one in Lermontov's Caucasian cycle, it was tagged as the "Highlanders' legend" by the author.

Pavel Viskovatov
Pavel Alexandrovich Viskovatov (Russian: Па′вел Алекса′ндрович Вискова′тов, also: Висковатый, Viskovatyi; 6 December 1842 in Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire – 29 April 1905 in Saint Petersburg) was a Russian historian of literature, editor, pedagogue and librettist (his were the lyrics to Anton Rubinstein's opera The Demon, based on Mikhail Lermontov's poem of the same name). The Dorpat University professor of Russian language and literature (since 1873), Viskovatov devoted himself to re-discovering, compiling, and studying the vast and dispersed Lermontov's legacy. He prepared and in 1891 published in Saint Petersburg the first ever edition of The Works of Mikhail Lermontov. Featured here (in volume VI) the first ever comprehensive academic biography written by Viskovatov, has been used as blueprint by all the subsequent Russian biographers ever since.
Wheeler Airlines
Wheeler Airlines was the operating name of Wheeler Flying Service (WHAA), the first black-owned airline certificated in the US by the FAA, which also helped integrate the pilots at major US air carriers by qualifying a large number of black pilots that were subsequently hired by the nation's major airlines.

Cessna 402
The Cessna 401 and 402 are a series of 6 to 10 seat, light twin-piston engine aircraft. All seats are easily removable so that the aircraft can be used in an all-cargo configuration. Neither the Cessna 401 nor the 402 were pressurized, nor were they particularly fast for the installed power. Instead, Cessna intended them to be inexpensive to purchase and operate.
1949/1950 News of the World Snooker Tournament
The 1949/1950 News of the World Snooker Tournament was a professional snooker tournament sponsored by the News of the World. The tournament was won by Joe Davis with Sidney Smith finishing in second place. It was the first News of the World Tournament, a tournament that ran until 1959.

Albert Brown (snooker player)
Albert Brown (10 July 1911 – 27 April 1995) was an English cricketer and snooker player. He made just one first-class appearance for Warwickshire County Cricket Club in 1932. As a snooker player he was twice runner-up in the English Amateur Championship and reached the semi-final of the World Snooker Championship four times between 1948 and 1953.
2019 Indian general election in Maharashtra
The 2019 Indian general election in Maharashtra was held in April 2019. These were held for 48 seats in 4 phases; 11 April (7 seats), 18 April (10 seats), 23 April (14 seats) and 29 April 2019 (17 seats).

The major contenders in the state are the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) and National Democratic Alliance (NDA). UPA consisted of the Indian National Congress and the Nationalist Congress Party whereas the NDA consisted of the Bharatiya Janata Party and the Shiv Sena.

In February 2019, BJP and Shiv Sena again announced alliance with 25 seats for BJP and 23 for Shiv Sena.

In March 2019, Congress and NCP also announced their alliance with each contesting 26 and 22 seats respectively. Of the 26 seats of INC, 1 seat each would be given to Bahujan Vikas Aaghadi (BVA) and Swabhimani Shetkari Saghtana (SSS). Similarly, NCP would also forgo of two seats; one each to SSS and one to Yuva Swabhiman Party.

Swabhimani Shetkari Saghtana
Swabhimani Shetkari Saghtana or SSS (Marathi: स्वभिमानी शेतकरी संघटना) is a farmers union based in Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India. It was founded by Member of Parliament, Raju Shetti.

They fight for the fair price of sugarcane farmer and other issues.

As of January 2014, Swabhimani Shetakari Sanghatana is part of the state's governing grand alliance, led by Shiv Sena and the Bhartiya Janata Party.

On 28 September 2015, the SSS was one of 16 parties in Maharashtra to lose its registration for not submitting audited balance sheets and IT return documents since 2005. Thus they have lost their official election symbols.

Raju Shetti, once allied with the NDA, became a vocal critic of the Modi and Fadnavis governments, leading him to quit the alliance in 2017. He later aligned with Sharad Pawar’s NCP for the 2019 elections, but this move backfired when he lost the Hatkanangale seat to Shiv Sena’s Dhairyasheel Mane in a major upset.
Neatnik Saucer
Neatnik Saucer is a multipurpose high chair cover and baby place mat. It has a sanitary barrier for infants. Neatnik is a collapsible product. It is manufactured and distributed by Coulson's Crib, LLC, a Houston-based company.

The Neatnik Saucer consists of a waterproof tray portion attached to a seat portion with a flexible rim to catch spills and food. It has suction cups on the underside of the placemat section, straps to secure toys, and pacifiers. The Neatnik Saucer is collapsible into a bag.

Suction cup
A suction cup, also known as a sucker, is a device or object that uses the negative fluid pressure of air or water to adhere to nonporous surfaces, creating a partial vacuum.

Suction cups occur in nature on the bodies of some animals such as octopuses and squid, and have been reproduced artificially for numerous purposes.
Khoriphaba
Khoriphaba (Manipuri: ꯈꯣꯔꯤꯐꯥꯕ) is a God in Sanamahism, the indigenous religion of Manipur. He is the son of Sky God Salailen and the Goddess Konthoujam Tampha Lairembi. He came down from heaven to earth to search for his mother and then for a bride. He is best known for wrestling with Loyalakpa in the Lai Haraoba festival. He is also a Sagol Kangjei(polo)-playing God.

Moirang
Moirang (Meitei: /moi.rāŋ/) is a town in the Indian state of Manipur, best known for the tentatively listed UNESCO World Heritage Sites of the Keibul Lamjao Conservation Area (KLCA), covering Keibul Lamjao National Park (KLNP), the world's only floating national park, the buffer of Loktak Lake (140 sq km) and Pumlen Pat (43 sq. km). It is best known for the being the place of origin of the ancient epic legend of Khamba and Thoibi, one of the seven epic cycles of incarnations of Meitei mythology and folklore. Nationwide, it is also famous for the INA War Museum in the INA Martyrs' Memorial Complex, where Colonel Shaukat Malik of the Indian National Army hoisted the Tricolour for the first time on Indian soil on 14 April 1944.
It is situated approximately 45 km (28 mi) south of the state capital Imphal. It has an area of 269 km2 (104 sq mi) with a population of 62,187 in 67 villages. 
There are 12 Panchayats in this block.
Rob Stringer
Robert Adrian Stringer CBE (born 13 August 1962) is a British music industry executive.  He has served as the chairman of Sony Music Group and CEO of Sony Music Entertainment since 2017. He is also a director of football club Luton Town F.C.

Stringer was listed Second on the 2022 Billboard "Power 100" ranking of persons influential in the music industry.

Sony Music Group
Sony Music Group (SMG) is an American multinational music company owned by Japanese conglomerate Sony Group Corporation through it's American division Sony Corporation of America. Sony Music Group is one of the "Big Three" major music companies. It was established on August 1, 2019, with headquarters in New York City and an office in Culver City, California.

It controls Sony's entire music business outside of Japan through its American subsidiaries Sony Music Entertainment and Sony Music Publishing.

Sony Music Group is the second largest music company in the world after Universal Music Group.
St. Ignatius of Loyola Catholic Secondary School
St. Ignatius of Loyola Catholic Secondary School is a separate school in Oakville, Ontario. The school teaches curriculum based on the Catholic faith, and has close ties with the Diocese of Hamilton and the local church, St. Matthew's Parish.

As of the 2025-2026 school year, the principal is Giuseppina Halycz.

The St. Ignatius of Loyola family of schools includes the following Catholic elementary schools in Oakville: St. Bernadette, St. Gregory the Great Catholic, St. Joan of Arc, St. Mary, St. John Paul II, St. Matthew, and St. Teresa.

St. Ignatius of Loyola is Oakville’s first Catholic secondary school and the first secondary school in Ontario to be fully constructed using Ministry of Education capital grants.

Oakville, Ontario
Oakville is a town and lower-tier municipality and the seat of the Halton Region, Ontario, Canada. In the 2021 Canadian census the town had a population of 213,759, with an estimated 233,700 people as of 2024, making it Ontario's largest town. Oakville is part of the Greater Toronto Area, the largest urban area in Canada.
Outline of organizational theory
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to organizational theory:

Organizational theory – the interdisciplinary study of social organizations. Organizational theory also concerns understanding how groups of individuals behave, which may differ from the behavior of individuals. The theories of organizations include bureaucracy, rationalization (scientific management), and the division of labor.

Each theory provides distinct advantages and disadvantages when applied. The classical perspective emerges from the Industrial Revolution in the private sector and the need for improved public administration in the public sector.

Organizational identification
Organizational identification (OI) is a term used in management studies and organizational psychology. The term refers to the propensity of a member of an organization to identify with that organization. OI  has been distinguished from "affective organizational commitment". Measures of an individual's OI have been developed, based on questionnaires.
Suleyman Shah
Suleyman Shah (Ottoman Turkish: سلیمان شاه; Turkish: Süleyman Şah) was, according to Ottoman tradition, the son of Kaya Alp and the father of Ertuğrul, who was the father of Osman I, the founder of the Ottoman Empire. Early Ottoman genealogies disputed this lineage, and either Suleyman Shah or Gündüz Alp could be Osman's grandfather and the father of Ertuğrul. But it is untrue and Suleyman Shah is considered Ertugrul's father and Gunduz his grandson. An Ottoman tomb initially in or near Qal'at Ja'bar has historically been associated with Suleyman Shah. He succeeded his father as bey in 1214 when he decided to lead the 50,000 strong tribe West in the face of Mongol invasion. After migrating to the North Caucasus, thousands of Kayis settled in Erzincan and Ahlat in 1214, while some of the other Kayi groups dispersed in Diyarbakir, Mardin, and Urfa.

Aşıkpaşazade
Dervish Ahmed (Turkish: Derviş Ahmed; "Ahmed the Dervish; 1400–1484), better known by his pen name Âşıki or his family name Aşıkpaşazade, was an Ottoman historian and a prominent representative of the early Ottoman historiography. He was a descendant (the great-grandson) of mystic poet dervish Aşık Pasha (1272–1333). He was born in the region of Amasya and studied in various Anatolian towns before going to Hajj and stayed some time in Egypt. He later took part in various Ottoman campaigns, such as the Battle of Kosovo (1448), the Fall of Constantinople and witnessed the circumcision festivities of Mustafa and Bayezid II, the sons of Mehmed the Conqueror. Later in his life he started to write his famous history work Tevārīḫ-i Āl-i ʿOsmān.