hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Young (crater)
Young is a lunar impact crater that is located in the rugged southeast part of the Moon's near side. It lies to the east of the crater Metius, and southeast of Rheita. The long Vallis Rheita follows a line tangential to the southwest rim of Rheita, and cuts a wide trough through the southwest floor and outer rim of Young.

The surviving part of the crater is a worn, eroded formation that has seen better times. The rim and inner wall can still be followed across the surface, but it is indented and notched by smaller impacts. The inner floor contains a pair of small, bowl-shaped craters designated Young A and Young B.

To the south of Young, the valley is overlain by Young D, a somewhat less eroded feature than Young. The valley continues intermittently to the southeast, spanning a total distance of about 500 kilometers. This is the longest valley on the near side of the Moon.

Metius (crater)
Metius is a lunar impact crater located in the rugged highlands to the southeast of the Moon's near side. To the southwest the rim is attached to the crater Fabricius. Offset to the west-northwest is the heavily worn crater Brenner. Further away to the northeast is the crater Rheita and the long gorge Vallis Rheita.

The rim of Metius does not protrude prominently into the surroundings and has an insignificant rampart. A few small craters mar the outer wall, but generally it has a smoothed down appearance that is almost free of terraces. The floor is relatively flat with low central peaks. The most prominent crater on the floor is Metius B, located near the northeast rim.

Metius is a crater of Nectarian age.

The eponym for this crater is the Dutch geometer and astronomer Adriaan Adriaanszoon, who went by the name of Metius.
Wateren
Wateren is a hamlet in the Dutch province of Drenthe. It is a part of the municipality of Westerveld, and lies about 22 km (14 mi) west of the provincial capital Assen.

It was first mentioned in 1408 as van Wachthorn. The etymology is unclear. The hamlet contains about 60 houses.

Westerveld
Westerveld (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌʋɛstərˈvɛlt] ⓘ) is a municipality in the northeastern Netherlands.

The municipality Westerveld was established in 1998 out of the municipalities of Diever, Dwingeloo, Havelte, and Vledder.
Westerveld is crossed by a channel, the Drentsche Hoofdvaart. There are also two National Parks situated in the municipality, the Drents-Friese Wold and Dwingelderveld.
Lowell Birrell
Lowell McAfee Birrell (February 5, 1907 – March 15, 1993) was one of the biggest stock manipulators in the 1950s.  He fled the United States to Brazil, but eventually returned and served time in prison for securities fraud.

Securities fraud
Securities fraud, also known as stock fraud and investment fraud, is a deceptive practice in the stock or commodities markets that induces investors to make purchase or sale decisions on the basis of false information.  The setups are generally made to result in monetary gain for the deceivers, and generally result in unfair monetary losses for the investors. They are generally violating securities laws.

Securities fraud can also include outright theft from investors (embezzlement by stockbrokers), stock manipulation, misstatements on a public company's financial reports, and lying to corporate auditors. The term encompasses a wide range of other actions, including insider trading, front running and other illegal acts on the trading floor of a stock or commodity exchange.
Francesco Monti (il Brescianino)
Francesco Monti (il Brescianino) (1646–1703) was an Italian painter of the late-Baroque period, mainly active in his natal city of Brescia, as well as Parma.

He was a pupil of Pietro Ricchi (also known as il Lucchese), then of Jacques Courtois (also known as il Borgognone), who was well known as a battle painter. This association led Monti himself to be called Francesco della Battaglia. For many years before 1700, he worked for the ruling family of Parma. He painted the Blessed Virgin in Adoration of Christ in the Manger for the church of Santa Maria Calcherà in Parma. There are at least three Italian painters that gained the nickname Brescianino.

Jacques Courtois
Jacques Courtois (French pronunciation: [ʒak kuʁtwa]) or Giacomo Cortese, called il Borgognone or le Bourguignon (12 ?December 1621 – 14 November 1676) was a Franche-Comtois–Italian painter, draughtsman, and etcher.  He was mainly active in Rome and Florence and became known as the leading battle painter of his age. He also created history paintings and portraits. He became a Jesuit later in life while continuing to paint.
Shin-Kanmon Tunnel
The Shin-Kanmon Tunnel (Japanese: 新関門トンネル) is a 18.713-kilometre-long (11.628 mi) undersea railway tunnel under the Kanmon Straits connecting Shin-Shimonoseki Station on the Japanese island of Honshu and Kokura Station on Kyushu. At the time of opening in March 1975, it was the longest railway tunnel in Japan before being overtaken by in 1988 the opening of the Seikan Tunnel.

Kokura Station
Kokura Station (小倉駅, Kokura-eki) in Kokurakita-ku is the main railway station in Kitakyushu, Japan. It is part of the JR Kyushu network and the San'yō Shinkansen stops here. It is the second largest station in Kyushu with 35,000 users daily. In the late 1990s, the Kokura station area was expanded and remodelled.
Parinaud's syndrome
Parinaud's syndrome is a constellation of neurological signs indicating injury to the dorsal midbrain. More specifically, compression of the vertical gaze center at the rostral interstitial nucleus of medial longitudinal fasciculus (riMLF).

It is a group of abnormalities of eye movement and pupil dysfunction and is named for Henri Parinaud (1844–1905), considered to be the father of French ophthalmology.

Oculomotor nerve
The oculomotor nerve, also known as the third cranial nerve, cranial nerve III, or simply CN III,  is a cranial nerve that enters the orbit through the superior orbital fissure and innervates extraocular muscles that enable most movements of the eye and that raise the eyelid.  The nerve also contains fibers that innervate the intrinsic eye muscles that enable pupillary constriction and accommodation (ability to focus on near objects as in reading). The oculomotor nerve is derived from the basal plate of the embryonic midbrain. Cranial nerves IV and VI also participate in control of eye movement.
Battle of Lida (1919)
The Battle of Lida took place on 16 and 17 April 1919 around the city of Lida during the Polish–Soviet War of 1919–20. During World War I Lida was occupied by the German troops. In 1919 the Red Army briefly established Soviet power here.

Polish troops under General Józef Adam Lasocki reached the outskirts of the town, which was an important railroad junction, in early March 1919. On April 15 they resumed their advance and on April 17 they captured Lida, as a screening operation to the taking of Vilnius, which was the main target of Polish operation.

Vilna offensive
The Vilna offensive was a campaign of the Polish–Soviet War of 1919–1921. The Polish army launched an offensive on April 16, 1919, to take Vilnius from the Red Army. After three days of street fighting from April 19–21, the city was captured by Polish forces, causing the Red Army to retreat. During the offensive, the Poles also succeeded in securing the nearby cities of Lida, Pinsk, Navahrudak, and Baranovichi.

The Red Army launched a series of counterattacks in late April, all of which failed.  The Soviets briefly recaptured the city a year later, in spring 1920, when the Polish army was retreating along the entire front. In the aftermath, the Vilna offensive would cause much turmoil on the political scene in Poland and abroad.
Neisseriaceae
The Neisseriaceae are a family of Pseudomonadota, within the order Neisseriales of Betaproteobacteria. While many organisms in the family are mammalian commensals or part of the normal flora, the genus Neisseria includes two important human pathogens, specifically those responsible for gonorrhea (caused by N. gonorrhoeae) and many cases of meningitis ("meningococcal meningitis", caused by N. meningitidis). As a group, the Neisseriaceae are strictly aerobic and Gram-negative, occur mainly in pairs (diplococci), and typically do not have flagella.

Neisseria
Neisseria is a large genus of bacteria that colonize the mucous membranes of many animals. Of the 11 species that colonize humans, only two are pathogens: N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae.

Neisseria species are Gram-negative bacteria included among the Pseudomonadota, a large group of Gram-negative forms. Neisseria diplococci resemble coffee beans when viewed microscopically.
BWF International Series
The BWF International Series  is a grade 3 and level 2 tournament part of Continental Circuit of BWF tournaments along with International Challenge (level 1) and Future Series (level 3), sanctioned by Badminton World Federation (BWF) since 2007.

BWF World Tour
The BWF World Tour is a Grade 2 badminton tournament series, sanctioned by the Badminton World Federation (BWF). It is a competition open to the top world ranked players in singles (men's and women's) and doubles (men's, women's and mixed). The competition was announced on 19 March 2017 and came into effect starting from 2018, replacing the BWF Super Series, which was held from 2007 to 2017.

The BWF World Tour are divided into six levels, namely World Tour Finals, Super 1000, Super 750, Super 500, and Super 300 in order (part of the HSBC World Tour). One other category of tournament, the BWF Tour Super 100 level, also offers ranking points.
Neocoenorrhinus
Neocoenorrhinus is a genus of beetles belonging to the family  Attelabidae.

The species of this genus are found in Europe and Japan.

Species:

Neocoenorrhinus abeillei Loges, 1869

Neocoenorrhinus aeneovirens (Marsham, 1802)

Neocoenorrhinus cuprinus Alonso-Zarazaga

Neocoenorrhinus germanicus (Herbst, 1797)

Neocoenorrhinus minutus Herbst, 1797

Neocoenorrhinus pauxillus (Germar, 1824)

Attelabidae
The Attelabidae is a widespread family of weevils. They are among the primitive weevils, because of their straight antennae, which are inserted near the base of the rostrum. The prothorax is much narrower than the base of the elytra on the abdomen. Attelabidae and the related family Rhynchitidae are known commonly as the leaf-rolling weevils. Rhynchitidae may be treated as subfamily Rhynchitinae of the Attelabidae.

Some members of this family have long necks and may be called giraffe weevils, particularly Trachelophorus giraffa. A few species are minor agricultural pests. The larvae of Rhynchitinae feed in flower buds, fruits, and terminal shoots, or are leaf miners. The subfamily Attelabinae are the true leaf rollers. The female cuts slits into leaves to deposit her eggs, and rolls that part of the leaf in which the larvae will feed.
Battle of Elizabeth City
The Battle of Elizabeth City of the American Civil War was fought in the immediate aftermath of the Battle of Roanoke Island. It took place on 10 February 1862, on the Pasquotank River near Elizabeth City, North Carolina. The participants were vessels of the U.S. Navy's North Atlantic Blockading Squadron, opposed by vessels of the Confederate Navy's Mosquito Fleet; the latter were supported by a shore-based battery of four guns at Cobb's Point (now called Cobb Point), near the southeastern border of the town. The battle was a part of the campaign in North Carolina that was led by Major General Ambrose E. Burnside and known as the Burnside Expedition. The result was a Union victory, with Elizabeth City and its nearby waters in their possession, and the Confederate fleet captured, sunk, or dispersed.

CSS Appomattox
CSS Appomattox was a small propeller-driven steamer used early in the war by the Confederate Navy to defend the sounds of northeastern North Carolina. After participating in the battle for Roanoke Island, it was burned to prevent capture on February 10, 1862, near Elizabeth City, North Carolina.
Ōmiwa Shrine
Ōmiwa Shrine (大神神社, Ōmiwa-jinja), also known as Miwa Shrine (三輪神社, Miwa-jinja; alternately written as Miwa-myōjin (三輪明神)), is a Shinto shrine located in Sakurai, Nara Prefecture, Japan. The shrine is notable because it contains no sacred images or objects, since it is believed to serve Mount Miwa, the mountain on which it stands. For the same reason, it has a worship hall (拝殿, haiden), but no place for the deity to be housed (神殿, shinden). In this sense, it is a model of what the first Shinto shrines were like. Ōmiwa Shrine is one of the oldest extant Shinto shrines in Japan and the site has been sacred ground for some of the earliest religious practices in Japan. Because of this, it has sometimes been named as Japan's first shrine. Ōmiwa Shrine is a tutelary shrine of the Japanese sake brewers.

Modern system of ranked Shinto shrines
The modern system of ranked Shinto shrines (近代社格制度, Kindai Shakaku Seido; sometimes called simply shakaku (社格)) was an organizational aspect of the establishment of Japanese State Shinto. This system classified Shinto shrines as either official government shrines or "other" shrines. The official shrines were divided into

Imperial shrines (kampeisha), which are parsed into minor, medium, or major sub-categories; and

National shrines (kokuheisha), which are similarly categorized as minor, medium, or major.

Some shrines are the "first shrines" called ichinomiya that have the highest rank in their respective provinces of Japan.

The Ise Grand Shrine stood at the top of all shrines and thus was outside the classification.

All listed shrines on this page with the exception of Ise Grand Shrine are Beppyo shrines.
Prisons in Bahrain
Prisons in Bahrain are fully owned and operated by the state. They are run by 3 different security forces, including the  National Security Agency (NSA), the Bahrain Defence Force (BDF), and the Ministry of Interior (MoI). Administration of prisons is overseen by several judicial authorities, as well as the public prosecution.: 43  Out of a total of 20 prisons, there are 4 main prisons, one of which is for women. The main prisons are: Al Qurain Prison (run by BDF), Dry Dock Detention Center, Juw Prison, and Isa Town Detention Center for women (run by MoI).

During the periods 1975-1999 and 2007–2011, torture in prisons became widespread and systematic , leading to the deaths of up to 23 individuals.

1990s uprising in Bahrain
The 1990s uprising in Bahrain (Arabic: الانتفاضة التسعينية في البحرين) also known as the uprising of dignity (Arabic: انتفاضة الكرامة) was an uprising in Bahrain between 1994 and 1999 in which leftists, liberals and Islamists joined forces to demand democratic reforms. The uprising ended after Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa became the Emir of Bahrain in 1999 and a referendum on 14–15 February 2001 massively supported the National Action Charter. The uprising resulted in the deaths of around 40 civilians and at least one Bahraini soldier.
Shendrit Deari
Shendrit Deari (born 11 February 1989) is a Macedonian tennis player.

Deari has a career high ATP singles ranking of 1131 achieved on 17 March 2014. He also has a career high ATP doubles ranking of 1091, achieved on 18 March 2013. Deari hasn't won an ITF title.

Deari has represented North Macedonia at Davis Cup. In Davis Cup he has a win-loss record of 8–4.

He competed at the 2013 Mediterranean Games. In singles Deari lost against Tunisian Mohamed Haythem Abid on the first round.

Haythem Abid
Mohamed Haythem Abid (born 17 July 1985) is a retired professional Tunisian tennis player.

Representing his country internationally, he played in thirty-seven Davis Cup ties, and won a silver medal at the 2013 Mediterranean Games partnering with Malek Jaziri.

As a junior, Abid reached as high as No. 19 in the world, and spent four years at the Bruguera Academy in Barcelona, Spain. He defeated future world No. 5 Kevin Anderson at the 2003 African Closed Junior Championship.
Gynn Square
Gynn Square is a former public square in the North Shore area of Blackpool, Lancashire, England. Now a roundabout, it is a meeting point of Queen's Promenade, the Promenade (both part of the A584), Warbreck Hill Road (B5265) and Dickson Road.

Blackpool Transport's Gynn Square tram stop is located a few yards to the north, on the Promenade. Tram services between Gynn Square and Fleetwood began in 1898. Gynn Square is also served by Blackpool Transport's routes 1 and 2 and Transpora North West's route 21.

The Gynn Inn stood at Gynn Square in the 18th and 19th centuries. It was demolished in August 1921. The Gynn Hotel was built nearby in 1939, replacing the Duke of Cambridge Hotel. The Gynn public house overlooks the roundabout from its eastern side.

In 1941, during World War II, one of the mines placed in the Irish Sea exploded, causing damage to Gynn Square.

In 2020, a Spitfire was placed in the centre of the roundabout as part of that year's Blackpool Illuminations.

Blackpool Transport
Blackpool Transport Services Limited is a bus and tram operator running within the boroughs of Blackpool and Fylde and into the surrounding area, including Fleetwood, Lytham St Annes, Poulton-le-Fylde, Cleveleys, Fleetwood. Blackpool Transport is owned by Blackpool Council.
Les Nash
Leslie Nash is a British auto racing driver. In 1973 he finished sixth overall and as champion in Class A in the British Saloon Car Championship, driving a Sunbeam Imp that had been driven the previous season by championship winner Bill McGovern.

Bill McGovern (racing driver)
William McGovern (born 2 January 1937) was a British former racing driver.

McGovern is best known for becoming the first person to win three British Touring Car Championship (then known as the British Saloon Car Championship) driver titles. He won three consecutive titles between 1970 and 1972 with a George Bevan-prepared Sunbeam Imp.
22nd (Service) Battalion, Royal Fusiliers (Kensington)
The 22nd (Service) Battalion, Royal Fusiliers (Kensington) was a 'Pals battalion' raised in London for 'Kitchener's Army' in World War I. Half of the volunteers came from the Royal Borough of Kensington, the other half were 'Colonials' from around the British Empire. This unusual battalion served on the Western Front from November 1915 until its disbandment in February 1918, seeing action at the Somme, the Ancre, Arras and Cambrai.

Frederick William Palmer
Frederick William Palmer VC MM (11 November 1891 – 10 September 1955) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.
Relative cycle
In algebraic geometry, a relative cycle is a type of algebraic cycle on a scheme. In particular, let  be a scheme of finite type over a Noetherian scheme , so that . Then a relative cycle is a cycle on  which lies over the generic points of , such that the cycle has a well-defined specialization to any fiber of the projection .(Voevodsky & Suslin 2000)

The notion was introduced by Andrei Suslin and Vladimir Voevodsky in 2000; the authors were motivated to overcome some of the deficiencies of sheaves with transfers.

Noetherian scheme
In algebraic geometry, a Noetherian scheme is a scheme that admits a finite covering by open affine subsets , where each  is a Noetherian ring. More generally, a scheme is locally Noetherian if it is covered by spectra of Noetherian rings. Thus, a scheme is Noetherian if and only if it is locally Noetherian and compact.  As with Noetherian rings, the concept is named after Emmy Noether.

It can be shown that, in a locally Noetherian scheme, if   is an open affine subset, then A is a Noetherian ring; in particular,  is a Noetherian scheme if and only if A is a Noetherian ring. For a locally Noetherian scheme X, the local rings  are also Noetherian rings.

A Noetherian scheme is a Noetherian topological space. But the converse is false in general; consider, for example, the spectrum of a non-Noetherian valuation ring.

The definitions extend to formal schemes.
John Cornwall (died 1414)
Sir John Cornwall (c.1366–1414) was an English soldier, politician and landowner, who fought in the Hundred Years' War and against the Glyndŵr Rising. He had considerable prestige, claiming royal descent. As he was part of the Lancastrian affinity, the retainers of John of Gaunt, he received considerable royal favour under Henry IV. He represented Shropshire twice in the House of Commons of England. However, he regularly attracted accusations of violence, intimidation and legal chicanery. Towards the end of his life he fell into disfavour and he died while awaiting trial in connection with a murder.

John Cornwall, 1st Baron Fanhope
John Cornwall, 1st Baron Fanhope and Milbroke (c. 1364 – 11 December 1443; also spelled Cornewall, Cornwaille, Cornouayl), was an English nobleman and soldier and one of the most respected chivalric figures of his era.
Rashidun
The Rashidun (Arabic: الراشدون, romanized: al-Rāshidūn, lit. 'the rightly-guided') are the first four caliphs (lit. 'successors') who led the Muslim community following the death of Muhammad: Abu Bakr (r. 632–634), Umar (r. 634–644), Uthman (r. 644–656), and Ali (r. 656–661).

The reign of these caliphs, called the Rashidun Caliphate (632–661), is considered in Sunni Islam to have been 'rightly guided' (Arabic: rāshid), meaning that it constitutes a model (Sunnah) to be followed and emulated from a religious point of view.

Hadith of the warning
The hadith of the warning (Arabic: يوم الإنذار, romanized: yawm al-inzar), also known as the invitation of the relatives (Arabic: دعوة ذو العشیرة, romanized: da'wat dhul-ashira), is an Islamic tradition (hadith) that describes how the Islamic prophet Muhammad made his prophetic mission public. There are two versions of this hadith, both of which are linked to the verse of the ashira (lit. 'family'), that is, verse 26:214 of the Quran, the central religious text in Islam. In one version, Muhammad addresses his clan and likens the Judgement Day to an approaching enemy. In the other version, found in Shia and some Sunni sources, Muhammad invites his close relatives to Islam after a meal and seeks their assistance and deputyship. Among them, his young cousin Ali ibn Abi Talib is the only one who offers his help to Muhammad, who then announces him as his heir and successor.
Narges-e Batuli
Narges-e Batuli (Persian: نرگس بطولي, also Romanized as Narges-e Baţūlī; also known as Nargesī-ye Baţūlī) is a village in Tolbozan Rural District, Golgir District, Masjed Soleyman County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 16, in 5 families.

Tolbozan Rural District
Tolbozan Rural District (Persian: دهستان تل بزان) is in Golgir District of Masjed Soleyman County, Khuzestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Qasemabad. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Rezaabad.