hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pyranose
In organic chemistry, pyranose is a collective term for saccharides that have a chemical structure that includes a six-membered ring consisting of five carbon atoms and one oxygen atom (a heterocycle). There may be other carbons external to the ring. The name derives from its similarity to the oxygen heterocycle pyran, but the pyranose ring does not have double bonds. A pyranose in which the anomeric −OH (hydroxyl group) at C(l) has been converted into an OR group is called a pyranoside.

Heterocyclic compound
A heterocyclic compound or ring structure is a hydrocarbon-based cyclic compound that contains at least one heteroatom as member(s) of its ring(s). Heterocyclic organic chemistry is the branch of organic chemistry dealing with the synthesis, properties, and applications of organic heterocycles.

Examples of heterocyclic compounds include all of the nucleic acids, the majority of drugs, most biomass (cellulose and related materials), and many natural and synthetic dyes.  More than half of known compounds are heterocycles.  59% of US FDA-approved drugs contain nitrogen heterocycles.
Papyrus 79
Papyrus 79 is a copy of the New Testament in Greek. It is a papyrus manuscript of the Epistle to the Hebrews.  It is designated by the siglum 𝔓79 in the Gregory-Aland numbering of New Testament manuscripts.  The surviving text of Hebrews are verses 10:10-12,28-30.

Using the study of comparative writings styles (palaeography), it has been assigned to the 7th century.

Papyrus
Papyrus (/pəˈpaɪrəs/ pə-PY-rəs) is a material similar to thick paper that was used in ancient times as a writing material. It was made from the pith of the papyrus plant, Cyperus papyrus, a wetland sedge. Papyrus (plural: papyri or papyruses) can also refer to a document written on sheets of such material, joined side by side and rolled up into a scroll, an early form of a book.

Papyrus was first known to have been used in Egypt (at least as far back as the First Dynasty), as the papyrus plant was once abundant across the Nile Delta. It was also used throughout the Mediterranean region. Apart from writing material, ancient Egyptians employed papyrus in the construction of other artifacts, such as reed boats, mats, rope, sandals, and baskets.
The Kiama Independent and Illawarra and Shoalhaven Advertiser
The Kiama Independent and Illawarra and Shoalhaven Advertiser, also published originally as Kiama Examiner, then as The Examiner (Kiama, New South Wales), was a weekly English language newspaper published in Kiama, New South Wales, Australia. It was also published as The Kiama Independent and Shoalhaven Advertiser and since 1947 as Kiama Independent.

Kiama, New South Wales
Kiama (/kaɪæmə/) is a coastal town 120 kilometres south of Sydney in the Illawarra region of New South Wales, Australia. One of the main tourist attractions is the Kiama Blowhole. Kiama features several popular surfing beaches and caravan parks, and numerous alfresco cafes and restaurants. Its proximity to the south of Sydney makes it an attractive destination for many day-trippers and weekenders. Kiama also has historically been a farming and agricultural centre. Even to today it maintains a country and agricultural community with a weekly farmers markets held on Wednesday afternoons.
Motza
Motza, also Mozah or Motsa, (Hebrew: מוֹצָא, Arabic: موتسا), is a neighbourhood on the western edge of Jerusalem. It is located in the Judaean Mountains, 600 metres above sea level, connected to Jerusalem by the Jerusalem–Tel Aviv highway, Highway 16, and the winding mountain road to Har Nof.

Established in 1854, Motza was the first Jewish farm founded outside the walls of the Old City in the modern era.

It is situated near Tel Motza, an archaeological site and the location of the Biblical village of the same name mentioned in Joshua 18:26.

Highway 16 (Israel)
Highway 16 (or Ariel Sharon Blvd) is a highway at the western entrance to Jerusalem providing direct access to the southern and central sections of the city from the west. Most of the road is located inside newly built tunnels. The project cost approximately 1.5 billion shekels, and was inaugurated a year ahead of schedule on August 31, 2022.
Royal Spanish Golf Federation
The Royal Spanish Golf Federation (Spanish: Real Federación Española de Golf; RFEG) is the governing body of Golf in Spain. It was formed on 9 October 1932 in Getxo, a town in the Basque Country, a northern region of Spain. It is current headquarters are located in the Centro Nacional de Golf, a golf complex located in Madrid which has a 18-hole course, a driving range and a clubhouse that also hosts the RFEG offices

It's the body in charge of the organization of golf in Spain at a national level, and therefore supervises golf competitions, the handicap system, and all of the Spanish golf national teams. It works in cooperation with all of the regional federations in order to promote and organize the sport.

At the end of 2022, it had 293,550 members, a 3% increase since the year prior.

Handicap (golf)
A golf handicap is a numerical measure of a golfer's ability, or potential ability, that is used to enable players of different abilities to compete against one another. Better players are those with the lowest handicaps.

Historically, rules relating to handicaps have varied from country to country with many different systems in force around the world. Because of incompatibilities and difficulties in translating between systems, the sport's governing bodies, the USGA and The R&A, working with the various existing handicapping authorities, devised a new World Handicap System (WHS) which began to be introduced globally in 2020.
Gulang County
Gulang County (Chinese: 古浪县; pinyin: Gǔlàng Xiàn) is a county in central Gansu province, China, bordering Inner Mongolia to the northeast. It is under the administration of Wuwei City. Its postal code is 733100, and its population in 2006 was 393,200 people. Located in the east of the Hexi Corridor and to the south of the Tengger Desert, it borders Jingtai County to the east, Tianzhu County to the south, Liangzhou District to the northwest, and Inner Mongolia's Alxa Left Banner to the northeast.

Alxa Left Banner
Alxa Left Banner (Mongolian: ᠠᠯᠠᠱᠠ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ; Chinese: 阿拉善左旗) is a banner (administrative division) in the southwest of Inner Mongolia, China. It borders Mongolia's Ömnögovi Province to the north, the autonomous region of Ningxia to the southeast, and Gansu province to the southwest. The town of Bayanhot, situated in the banner, is the seat of government of the greater Alxa League, of which Alxa Left Banner is a part.
Cameroon Handball Federation
The Cameroon Handball Federation (French: Fédération Camerounaise de Handball) (CHF) is the administrative and controlling body for handball and beach handball in the Republic of Cameroon. Founded in 1970, CHF is a member of African Handball Confederation (CAHB) and the International Handball Federation (IHF).

Beach handball
Beach handball is a team sport where two teams pass and bounce or roll a ball, trying to throw it in the goal of the opposing team. The game is similar to standard handball, but it is played on sand instead of on a solid floor. Because the ball loses most of its bounce on sand, there is little to no dribbling, and players instead perform more passing as the rules of travelling still apply.
Alaska-Gastineau Mining Company
The Alaska-Gastineau Mining Co. had its offices in 25 Broad St., New York City, New York.  It was the operating company for the Alaska Gold Mines Co. in Alaska. It worked the Alaska-Gastineau Mine/Perseverance Mine in the Silver Bow Basin, approximately 4 miles (6.4 km) from Juneau and processed its ore at an old remodeled mill and crushing plant at Sheep Creek.   The property of the Alaska Juneau Gold Mining Co. adjoined the Alaska Gastineau on the west.

Silver Bow Basin
The Silver Bow Basin, often written as Silverbow Basin, is a valley located 2.4 miles (3.9 km) northeast of Juneau, Alaska, United States. It is situated on Gold Creek in an area north of Icy Gulch, and approximately 1.5 miles (2.4 km) north of Gastineau Peak. A trail from Juneau leads directly to the mountainside. The basin was the site of the earliest gold discovery in the Juneau area, leading to the establishment of the town called Juneau.
Salam Street
Salam Street (Arabic: شَارِع ٱلسَّلَام, romanized: Shāriʿ As-Salām), now renamed as "Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Street" (Arabic: شَارِع ٱلشَّيْخ زَايِد بِن سُلْطَان, romanized: Shāriʿ Ash-Shaykh Zāyid Bin Sulṭān), and less commonly known as 8th Street or Eastern Ring Road, is one of the main roads in the city of Abu Dhabi. It starts from Sheikh Zayed Bridge and curves its way around Abu Dhabi's eastern end until it ends at the intersection with Corniche Road. Salam Street runs through the main modern shopping area and Robat Street, the new bypass north of the town.

Al Ain
Al Ain (Arabic: ٱلْعَيْن, romanized: Al-ʿAyn, lit. 'The Spring') is a city in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, and the seat of the administrative division of the Al Ain Region. The city is bordered to the east by the Omani town of Al-Buraimi. Al Ain is the largest inland city in the Emirates, the fourth-largest city (after Dubai, Abu Dhabi, and Sharjah), and the second-largest in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi. The freeways connecting Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, and Dubai form a geographic triangle in the country, each city being roughly 130 kilometres (81 mi) from the others.
Kanganbaria
Kanganbaria is a census town and a gram panchayat within the jurisdiction of the Bishnupur police station in the Bishnupur II CD block in the Alipore Sadar subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

Community development block
In India, a community development block (CD block) or simply a block is a sub-division of a district, administratively earmarked for planning and development. In tribal areas, similar sub-divisions are called tribal development blocks (TD blocks). The area is administered by a block development officer (BDO), supported by several technical specialists and village-level workers. A community development block covers several gram panchayats, the local administrative units at the village level. A block is a rural subdivision and typically smaller than a tehsil. A tehsil is purely for revenue administration, whereas a block is for rural development purposes. In most states, a block is coterminous with the panchayat samiti area.
Vivek Agarwal
Vivek Agarwal (3 January 1962 – 26 April 1993) was an Indian cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman who played for Haryana. He was born in Meerut (Uttar Pradesh).

Agarwal made a single first-class appearance for the side, during the 1982–83 season, against Bengal. From the opening order, he scored 18 runs in the first innings in which he batted, and a duck in the second.

He worked as a flight purser for Indian Airlines and was on board Flight 491 which crashed on 26 April 1993, after take-off from Aurangabad. He was one of 55 people who died in the accident.

Flight attendant
A flight attendant is a member of the aircrew whose primary responsibility is to ensure the safety of passengers in the cabin of an aircraft across all stages of flight. Their secondary duty is to see to the comfort of passengers. Flight attendants are also known as a steward (MASC) or stewardess (FEM), or air host (MASC) or air hostess (FEM) and are collectively referred to as cabin crew.
Agnes Latham
Agnes Mary Christabel Latham (31 January 1905 – 13 January 1996) was a British academic and Reader in English at Bedford College. She is remembered for her lifelong project of editing the letters of Sir Walter Raleigh  and for her edition of As You Like It for the Arden Shakespeare.

Arden Shakespeare
The Arden Shakespeare is a long-running series of scholarly editions of the works of William Shakespeare. It presents fully edited modern-spelling editions of the plays and poems, with lengthy introductions and full commentaries. There have been three distinct series of The Arden Shakespeare over the past century, with the third series commencing in 1995 and concluding in January 2020. The fourth series is scheduled to commence publication in 2026.

Arden was the maiden name of Shakespeare's mother, Mary, but the primary reference of the enterprise's title is to the Forest of Arden, in which Shakespeare's As You Like It is set.
Mezhybrody
Mezhybrody (Ukrainian: Межиброди, Polish: Międzybrody) is a village (selo) in Stryi Raion, Lviv Oblast, of Western Ukraine. Mezhybrody village is located in a picturesque corner of the Carpathians of Skole district, at the foot of where the two mountain rivers  — Stryi River and Opir River. Village is located close to Highway M06 (Ukraine) ( M 06). It belongs to Skole urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Local government — Verkhnosynovydnenska settlement council. Population of the village amounts to only 214 people.

Distance from the regional center Lviv is 98 kilometres (61 mi), 26 kilometres (16 mi) from the city of Skole, and 170 kilometres (110 mi) from Uzhhorod.

The village was first mentioned in 1564.

Until 18 July 2020, Mezhybrody belonged to Skole Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Lviv Oblast to seven. The area of Skole Raion was merged into Stryi Raion.

Uzhhorod
Uzhhorod is a city on the Uzh River in western Ukraine, on the border with Slovakia and near the border with Hungary. The city is approximately equidistant from the Baltic, the Adriatic and the Black Sea (650–690 km) making it the most inland city in this part of Europe. It is the administrative center of Zakarpattia Oblast (region), as well as the administrative center of Uzhhorod Raion (district) within the oblast.  Its population is 115,449 (2022 estimate).
FOOD Programme
FOOD (Fighting Obesity through Offer and Demand) started in 2009 in six countries as a European project co-funded by the European Commission and gathering public and private partners to promote balanced nutrition. Since 2012, it has become an independent programme existing in 10 countries: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, France, Spain, Italy, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia and Sweden.

The FOOD Project celebrated its 10 anniversary in 2019.

University of Perugia
The University of Perugia (Italian Università degli Studi di Perugia) is a public university in Perugia, Italy. It was founded in 1308, as attested by the Bull issued by Pope Clement V certifying the birth of the Studium Generale.

The official seal of the university depicts Saint Herculan, one of the patron saints, and the rampant crowned griffin, which is the city symbol; they represent the ecclesiastical and civil powers, respectively, which gave rise to the university in the Middle Ages.
The Dragon House
The Dragon House is a contemporary fantasy novel by American writer Darrell Schweitzer. It was first published in hardcover and trade paperback by Wildside Press in April 2018, with an ebook edition following from the same publisher in January 2019.

Wildside Press
Wildside Press is an independent publishing company in Cabin John, Maryland. It was founded in 1989 by John Betancourt and Kim Betancourt. While the press was originally conceived as a publisher of speculative fiction in both trade and limited editions, its focus has broadened since then, both in content and format.

Its website notes publication of works of mystery, romance, science fiction, fantasy, and non-fiction, as well as downloadable audiobooks and CDs, ebooks, magazines, and physical books. Wildside Press has published approximately 10,000 books through print on demand and traditional means.
Archie Brown (historian)
Archibald Haworth Brown, CMG, FBA (born 10 May 1938, Annan) is a British political scientist. In 2005, he became an emeritus professor of politics at the University of Oxford and an emeritus fellow of St Antony's College, Oxford, where he served as a professor of politics and director of St Antony's Russian and East European Centre. He has written widely on Soviet and Russian politics, on communist politics more generally, on the Cold War, and on political leadership.

Annan, Dumfries and Galloway
Annan (/ˈænən/ AN-ən; Scottish Gaelic: Inbhir Anainn) is a town and former royal burgh in Dumfries and Galloway, south-west Scotland. Historically part of Dumfriesshire, its public buildings include Annan Academy, of which the writer Thomas Carlyle was a pupil, and a Georgian building now known as "Bridge House". Annan also features a Historic Resources Centre. In Port Street, some of the windows remain blocked up to avoid paying the window tax.

Each year on the first Saturday in July, Annan celebrates the Royal Charter and the boundaries of the Royal Burgh are confirmed when a mounted cavalcade undertakes the Riding of the Marches. Entertainment includes a procession, sports, field displays and massed pipe bands. Annan's in America first migrated to New York and Virginia.  Annandale Virginia is an early settlement which celebrates The Scottish Games annually.
Hard and soft C
In the Latin-based orthographies of many European languages, including English, a distinction between hard and soft ⟨c⟩ occurs in which ⟨c⟩ represents two distinct phonemes. The sound of a hard ⟨c⟩ often precedes the non-front vowels ⟨a⟩, ⟨o⟩ and ⟨u⟩, and is that of the voiceless velar stop, /k/ (as in car). The sound of a soft ⟨c⟩, typically before ⟨e⟩, ⟨i⟩ and ⟨y⟩, may be a fricative or affricate, depending on the language. In English (and not coincidentally also French), the sound of soft ⟨c⟩ is /s/ (as in cell).

There was no soft ⟨c⟩ in classical Latin, where it was always pronounced as /k/.

Phoneme
A phoneme (/ˈfoʊniːm/) is a set of similar speech sounds that are perceptually regarded by the speakers of a language as a single basic sound—a smallest possible phonetic unit—that helps distinguish one word from another. All languages contain phonemes (or the spatial–gestural equivalent in sign languages), and all spoken languages include both consonant and vowel phonemes. Phonemes are studied under phonology, a branch of linguistics (a discipline encompassing language, writing, speech and related matters).

Phonemes are often represented, when written, as a glyph (a character) enclosed within two forward-sloping slashes /. For example, /k/ represents the phoneme or sound used at the beginning of the English-language word cat (as opposed to, say, the /b/ of bat).
TV track
A TV track is usually a song or a sequence used as accompaniment during a scene or visual sequence on television (i.e., commercials or television show).  If a song has vocals, part of the vocals may be removed for voice-over or dialogue, while the instrumental track is left intact. Some notable examples are the songs: "Complicated", "Sk8er Boi", "I'm with You", and "Losing Grip" from the Japanese special bonus edition of the 2002 album Let Go by Avril Lavigne, or "Ready to Uff" from the 2006 extended play Pop the Glock/Ready to Uff, and "Brand New Car" from the 2007 single "First Love", both by Uffie, all used as TV tracks. A TV track also may be an instrumental with the official background vocals or chorus over it which singers use to perform.

Sequence (music)
In music, a sequence is the restatement of a motif or longer melodic (or harmonic) passage at a higher or lower pitch in the same voice. It is one of the most common and simple methods of elaborating a melody in eighteenth and nineteenth century classical music (Classical period and Romantic music). Characteristics of sequences:

Two segments, usually no more than three or four

Usually in only one direction: continually higher or lower

Segments continue by same interval distance

It is possible for melody or harmony to form a sequence without the other participating.

There are many types of sequences, each with a unique pattern. Listed below are some examples.
Stuart Grimes
Stuart Grimes (born 4 April 1974) is a Scottish former international rugby player and captain. Grimes' previous clubs include Padova, Border Reivers, Newcastle Falcons, Caledonia Reds, Glasgow Warriors, Watsonians and Edinburgh University RFC. He was previously Newcastle Falcons forwards coach.

Whilst at Newcastle he started in both the 2001 and 2004 Anglo-Welsh Cup finals as Newcastle emerged victorious from both.

Border Reivers (rugby union)
Border Reivers, originally known as Scottish Borders Rugby, were one of four professional rugby union teams in Scotland, alongside Edinburgh, Caledonia Reds and Glasgow Warriors.

Border Reivers were active in the Scottish Inter-District Championship from 1996 to 1998 and in the Celtic League, Celtic Cup and Heineken Cup from 2002 until 2007, when, as part of the Scottish Rugby Union's cost-cutting measures, they were disbanded. They played their home matches at Netherdale (capacity circa 6,000) in Galashiels in the Scottish Borders region.
Antisemitism in the Soviet Union
Following the 1917 February Revolution in Russia, all legal restrictions on Russian Jews were lifted. However, the previous legacy of antisemitism was continued and furthered by the Soviet state, especially under Joseph Stalin. After 1948, antisemitism reached new heights in the Soviet Union, especially during the anti-cosmopolitan campaign, in which numerous Yiddish-writing poets, writers, painters and sculptors were arrested or killed. This campaign culminated in the so-called doctors' plot, in which a group of doctors (almost all of whom were Jewish) were subjected to a show trial for supposedly having plotted to assassinate Stalin. Although repression eased after Stalin's death, persecution of Jews would continue until the late 1980s (see: refuseniks).

Yiddish literature
Yiddish literature encompasses all those belles-lettres written in Yiddish, the language of Ashkenazic Jewry which is related to Middle High German. The history of Yiddish, with its roots in central Europe and locus for centuries in Eastern Europe, is evident in its literature.

It is generally described as having three historical phases: Old Yiddish literature; Haskalah and Hasidic literature; and modern Yiddish literature. While firm dates for these periods are hard to pin down, Old Yiddish can be said to have existed roughly from 1300 to 1780; Haskalah and Hasidic literature from 1780 to about 1890; and modern Yiddish literature from 1864 to the present.

An important bibliography of Yiddish literature is the Leksikon Fun Der Nayer Yidisher Literatur (Lexicon of Modern Yiddish Literature) published by the Congress for Jewish Culture in 8 volumes between 1956 and 1981, containing a brief presentation of around 7,000 writers.
Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila District Colleges
The District Colleges of the Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila was established in 2001 through the Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) between the Manila Mayor, the  Department of Education Secretary, the PLM President, and the Superintendent of the Division of City Schools-Manila.

The students and facilities of the District Colleges are housed in three existing public schools. These schools are Antonio Villegas Technical School in Tondo (District I), Ramon Avanceña High School in Quiapo (District III).

In about the same period, another MOA was signed with the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority, providing partnership with the City government through the PLM education system.

On May 31, 2002, the Department of Social Welfare and Development of Manila, conducted the Integrated Early Childhood Care and Development (IECCD). It was the first academic course conducted in the District Colleges through the auspices of the United Nations Children's Fund.

Technical Education and Skills Development Authority
The Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA [ˈtɛsda]; Filipino: Pangasiwaan sa Edukasyong Teknikal at Pagpapaunlad ng Kasanayan) serves as the technical vocational education and training (TVET) authority of the Philippines. As a government agency, TESDA's goals are to develop the Filipino workforce with "world-class competence and positive work values" and to manage, supervise, and provide quality technical-educational and skills development through its direction, policies, and programs.