hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Oxathiapiprolin
Oxathiapiprolin (trade names Orondis, Zorvec, and Segovis) is a fungicide.  In the United States, the Environmental Protection Agency has approved it for use against several plant diseases including downy mildew and various Phytophthora species including late blight on crops including vegetables, ornamentals, and turf.

Its mechanism of action involves binding to the oxysterol-binding protein in Oomycetes.

Mechanism of action
In pharmacology, the term mechanism of action (MOA) refers to the specific biochemical interaction through which a drug substance produces its pharmacological effect.  A mechanism of action usually includes mention of the specific molecular targets to which the drug binds, such as an enzyme or receptor. Receptor sites have specific affinities for drugs based on the chemical structure of the drug, as well as the specific action that occurs there.

Drugs that do not bind to receptors produce their corresponding therapeutic effect by simply interacting with chemical or physical properties in the body. Common examples of drugs that work in this way are antacids and laxatives.

In contrast, a mode of action (MoA) describes functional or anatomical changes, at the cellular level, resulting from the exposure of a living organism to a substance.
Essence of Decision
Essence of Decision: Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis is book by political scientist Graham T. Allison analyzing the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis. Allison used the crisis as a case study for future studies into governmental decision-making. The book became the founding study of the John F. Kennedy School of Government, and in doing so revolutionized the field of international relations.

Allison originally published the book in 1971. In 1999, because of new materials available (including tape recordings of the U.S. government's proceedings), he rewrote the book with Philip Zelikow.

The title is based on a speech by John F. Kennedy, in which he said, "The essence of ultimate decision remains impenetrable to the observer - often, indeed, to the decider himself."

Philip Zelikow
Philip David Zelikow (/ˈzɛlɪkoʊ/; born 21 September 1954) is an American diplomat and international relations scholar.

He has worked as the executive director of the 9/11 Commission, director of the Miller Center of Public Affairs at the University of Virginia, and counselor of the United States Department of State.

He is the Botha-Chan Senior Fellow at Stanford University's Hoover Institution after serving for 25 years as the White Burkett Miller Professor of History at the University of Virginia. In the fall of 2009 he was American Academy in Berlin Axel Springer Fellow.
Yérétiélé
Yérétiélé is a village in northwestern Ivory Coast. It is in the sub-prefecture of Dianra, Dianra Department, Béré Region, Woroba District.

Yérétiélé was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1,126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

Dianra
Dianra is a town in north-western Ivory Coast. It is a sub-prefecture of and the seat of Dianra Department in Béré Region, Woroba District. Dianra is also a commune. In 2021, the population of the sub-prefecture of Dianra was 61,527.
As Brave as You
As Brave As You is a young adult novel written by Jason Reynolds, published May 9, 2016 by Atheneum. The book describes two African-American brothers from Brooklyn who are sent to spend the summer with their grandfather in Virginia.

The book won the Kirkus Prize (2016), as well as the NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Literary Work for Youth/Teen (2017), and the Schneider Family Book Award (2017).

NAACP Image Awards
The NAACP Image Awards is an annual awards ceremony presented by the American-based National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) to honor outstanding performances in film, television, theatre, music, and literature. Over 40 categories of the Image Awards are voted on by the NAACP members. Honorary awards (similar to the Academy Honorary Award) have also been included, such as the President's Award, the Chairman's Award, the Entertainer of the Year, the Activist of the Year, and the Hall of Fame Award. Beyoncé is the most awarded individual with 25 wins as a solo artist.
Maike Schirmer
Maike Schirmer  (born 25 May 1990) is a German former handball player, who played for VfL Oldenburg, Buxtehuder SV, VfL Bad Schwartau, SG Kisdorf/Leezen and TuS Hartenholm in Germany and Toulon Saint-Cyr Var Handball in France, as well as the German national team.

Schirmer debuted for the national team in 2012. She was selected as part of the German team for the 2017 World Women's Handball Championship.
She started playing handball at SG Kisdorf/Leezen. In 2005 she switched to VfL Bad Schwartau, where she played in the German Regionalliga. After three years she switched to Bundesliga-side VfL Oldenburg. Here she won the DHB-Pokal in 2009 and in 2012. In 2010 she reached the semifinals of the EHF Cup Winners' Cup.

In 2016 she transferred to Buxtehuder SV, where she once again won the DHB-Pokal in 2017.

She retired in 2022.

Toulon Métropole Var Handball
Toulon Métropole Var Handball is a women's handball club based in Toulon, France. The team is currently competes in the French Women's Handball First League from 2009 and they play their home matches in Palais des Sports de Toulon, Toulon.
FC Anzhi-Yunior Zelenodolsk
FC Anzhi-Yunior Zelenodolsk (Russian: ФК «Анжи-Юниор» (Зеленодольск)) was a Russian football team based in Zelenodolsk. It was founded in 2017 as the second farm-club for FC Anzhi Makhachkala, in addition to FC Anzhi-2 Makhachkala. For 2017–18 season, it received the license for the third-tier Russian Professional Football League. During the winter break of the 2017–18 season, the club dropped out of the professional competition, accumulating large debts to players and suppliers.

Zelenodolsk, Republic of Tatarstan
Zelenodolsk (Russian: Зеленодо́льск; Tatar: Яшел Үзән; Mari: Парат) is a town in Tatarstan, Russia, located in the northwest of the republic on the left bank of the Volga River, 38 kilometers (24 mi) from Kazan. Population:  97,674 (2010 census); 100,139 (2002 census); 94,079 (1989 Soviet census).
Michael Reniger
Michael Reniger, D.D.  was  an English priest in the late 16th and early 17th centuries.

Reniger was  educated at Magdalen College, Oxford.  He held livings at Broughton, Crawley and Chilbolton. Reniger was appointed Chancellor of Lincoln Cathedral in 1566 (Precentor, 1567/ Subdean, 1568); Archdeacon of Winchester in 1575; and Canon of St. Paul's in 1583. He died on 26 August 1609.

Crawley, Hampshire
Crawley is a small village in Hampshire, England. It is a few miles from the county town (and former capital) of Winchester. It is a civil parish within the City of Winchester local government district. The village is the location of Crawley Court, currently the headquarters of broadcast infrastructure company Arqiva.
2008 United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania
The 2008 congressional elections in Pennsylvania was held on November 4, 2008, to determine who will represent the state of Pennsylvania in the United States House of Representatives.  Pennsylvania has 19 seats in the House, apportioned according to the 2000 United States census.   Representatives are elected for two-year terms; those elected will serve in the 111th Congress from January 4, 2009, until January 3, 2011. The election coincides with the 2008 U.S. presidential election.

District 3 was the only seat which changed party (from Republican to Democratic), although CQ Politics had forecasted districts 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 11, 15 and 18 to be at some risk for the incumbent party. This was the last time the Democrats would win a majority of congressional districts in Pennsylvania until 2022.

Congressional Quarterly
Congressional Quarterly, or CQ, is an American publication that is part of the privately owned publishing company CQ Roll Call, which covers the United States Congress. CQ was formerly acquired by the U.K.-based  Economist Group and combined with Roll Call to form CQ Roll Call in 2009.
Joachim Kaiser
Joachim Kaiser (18 December 1928 – 11 May 2017) was a German musicologist, critic, and journalist. He worked as a senior editor and cultural critic for the Süddeutsche Zeitung from 1959, contributing reviews and articles on music, literature, and theatre. From 1977 to 1996, he was a professor of music history at the State University of Music and Performing Arts Stuttgart.

Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung
The Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (German: [ˈfʁaŋkfʊʁtɐ ʔalɡəˈmaɪnə ˈtsaɪtʊŋ]; FAZ; "Frankfurt General Newspaper") is a German newspaper founded in 1949. It is published daily in Frankfurt and is considered a newspaper of record for Germany. Its Sunday edition is the Frankfurter Allgemeine Sonntagszeitung ([- ˈzɔntaːksˌtsaɪtʊŋ]; FAS).

The paper runs its own network of correspondents. Its editorial policy is not determined by a single editor, but cooperatively by four editors.
Lawrence Jackson (judge)
Sir Lawrence Walter Jackson KCMG (1914 – 5 June 1993) was a Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Western Australia.  He was appointed as a Supreme Court Judge in 1949 and became Chief Justice in 1969, retired in 1977, and died in 1993.

His father, Lawrence Stanley Jackson, was the Australian Taxation Commissioner from 1939 to 1946.

A son, Lawrence Alton Jackson, was a judge in the District Court of Western Australia from 13 July 1992 until his retirement on 16 February 2004.

A grandson, Lawrence Douglas Bignell Jackson, was elected to the Shire of Peppermint Grove council at the age of 20 in October 2021.

Supreme Court of Western Australia
The Supreme Court of Western Australia is the highest state court in the Australian State of Western Australia. It has unlimited jurisdiction within the state in civil matters (although it usually only hears matters involving sums of A$750,000 or more), and hears the most serious criminal matters.
Chan Hol
Chan Hol, part of the Toh ha cave system, is a cenote and submerged cave system in Quintana Roo, Mexico, of interest to paleoanthropologists. The remains of three prehistoric human fossils were discovered within the cave system. Along with Eve of Naharon, Naia, the Man of El Templo and the Woman of Las Palmas, the three fossils at Chan Hol are among several ancient Paleo-Indian skeletons found in the submerged cave systems of the Yucatán Peninsula around Tulum, Quintana Roo.

Eve of Naharon
Eve of Naharon (Spanish: Eva de Naharon) is the skeleton of a 20– to 25-year-old human female found in the Naharon section of the underwater cave Sistema Naranjal in Mexico near the town of Tulum, around 80 miles (130 km) south west of Cancún. The Naranjal subsystem is a part of the larger Sistema Ox Bel Ha. The skeleton is carbon dated to 13,600 years ago, which makes it one of the oldest documented human finds in the Americas.

Other skeletons found within the cave are said to be between 11,000 and 14,000 years old. Whilst radiocarbon dating might be inaccurate due to the marine effect, similar results have been obtained by uranium–thorium dating.
Josiah Harlan
Josiah Harlan, Prince of Ghor (June 12, 1799 – October 1871) was an American adventurer who travelled to Afghanistan and Punjab with the intention of making himself a king. During his travels, he became involved in local politics and factional military actions. He claimed he was awarded the title Prince of Ghor in exchange for military aid. Rudyard Kipling's 1888 short story "The Man Who Would Be King" is believed to have been partly based on Harlan.

Paolo Avitabile
Paolo Crescenzo Martino Avitabile (25 October 1791 – 28 March 1850), also known as Abu Tabela (Hindko: ابوتبیلا), was a Neapolitan-Italian soldier, mercenary and adventurer. A peasant's son born in Agerola, in the province of Napoli near Sorrento (in southern Italy), he served in the Neapolitan militia during the Napoleonic wars. After Waterloo he drifted east like many other adventurous soldiers. In 1820 he joined the army of the Shah of Persia, attaining the rank of colonel and receiving several decorations before returning to Italy in 1824.

He joined the army of Maharaja Ranjit Singh of the Punjab in 1827, and later also received various civilian appointments. In 1829 he was made administrator of Wazirabad and in 1837 he succeeded Hari Singh Nalwa as governor of Peshawar. He remained in the Punjab until the assassination of Maharaja Sher Singh in 1843, after which he retired to Italy, where his rank as a general was confirmed and he was knighted.
2006 Spanish Formula Three Championship
The 2006 Spanish Formula Three Championship was the sixth Spanish Formula Three season. It began on 8 April at Circuit Ricardo Tormo in Valencia and ended on 12 November at Circuito del Jarama in Montmeló after sixteen races. Ricardo Risatti was crowned series champion.

Euroformula Open Championship
The Euroformula Open Championship (formerly the Spanish Formula Three Championship, European F3 Open Championship) is a junior formula racing series based in Spain. It was one of six national and international Formula Three championships in Europe that together used to form an important part of the established "career ladder" below Formula One. The championship's first season was held in 2001. In 2006, it was branded as the Spanish F3 Championship by Toyota, in deference to its sole engine supplier. In 2020, the championship ceased to be a F3-championship and will share its specifications with Japan's Super Formula Lights based on the previous-generation Formula Three standards, primarily with a choice of engines.
The End of the Session
The End of the Session (French: La Fin de la Séance) is an 1886 oil painting by the French artist Jean-Léon Gérôme. It was inspired by his creation of the sculpture Omphale. It depicts a self-portrait of Gérôme along with the model Emma Dupont in his studio. At the end of one of their sessions of sculpting, the naked Dupont is throwing a cover over the statue to protect it.

He later produced similar paintings showing his creation of the statue Tanagra. Also featuring Dupont, they reference the Pygmalion myth.

Studio
A studio is a space set aside for creative work of any kind, including art, dance, music and theater.

The word studio is derived from the Italian: studio, from Latin: studium, from studere, meaning to study or zeal.
Lee Kyung-keun
Lee Kyung-Keun (born 7 November 1962) is a South Korean retired judoka.

Lee was a runner-up in the half-lightweight (65 kg) division at the 1985 World Judo Championships.

Three years later, at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, Lee won an Olympic gold medal in the half-lightweight (65 kg) division.

Judo at the 1988 Summer Olympics
The Judo competition at the 1988 Summer Olympics continued the seven weight classes first used at the 1980 Games. The open division was eliminated from the competition. Women's judo made its first appearance at the Olympic Games, as a demonstration sport. Japan failed to claim the top of the medal count for the first time in an Olympics in which they participated, coming in third behind South Korea and Poland.

Peter Seisenbacher from Austria and Hitoshi Saito from Japan won the gold medal in their weight classes, defending their titles from 1984, and becoming the first judoka to win gold at two Olympics.
1998 ATP Tour World Championships – Singles
Àlex Corretja defeated Carlos Moyá in the final, 3–6, 3–6, 7–5, 6–3, 7–5 to win the singles tennis title at the 1998 ATP Tour World Championships. He would ultimately become the first player to win the title without ever winning a  major in his career. The final was a rematch of that year's French Open final, where Moyá prevailed.

Pete Sampras was the two-time defending champion, but was defeated in the semifinals by Corretja.

Carlos Moyá
Carlos Moyá Llompart (Spanish: [ˈkaɾlos moˈʝa ʎomˈpaɾt]; born 27 August 1976) is a Spanish former professional tennis player and coach. He was ranked as the world No. 1 in men's singles by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP). Moyá won 20 ATP Tour-level singles titles, including the 1998 French Open, and was part of the victorious Spanish Davis Cup team in 2004. He was also the runner-up at the 1997 Australian Open. After his playing career, Moyá served as Rafael Nadal's primary coach from 2016 to 2024.
Joe Fitzgerald (American football)
Joseph Morris Fitzgerald (March 6, 1899 – March 1, 1978) was an American football player.  He played at the end position for the 1920 Detroit Heralds during the first regular season of the NFL (then known as the American Professional Football Association).  He was the first player in NFL history to return an interception for a touchdown, and he was the Heralds' leading scorer in 1920 with 12 points on two touchdowns.

End (gridiron football)
In gridiron football, an end is a player who lines up at either end of the line of scrimmage, usually beside the tackles.  Rules state that a legal offensive formation must always consist of seven players on the line of scrimmage and that the player on each end of the line is an eligible receiver who can catch forward passes.  There are two types on offense: the split end, or wide out, and the tight end. On defense, the position name survives in the name of the defensive end; in function, this position no longer corresponds to its offensive counterparts, which are defended more commonly by the edge rusher (which is sometimes a defensive end depending on formation) against the tight end and the cornerback against the split end.

It is also used in terminology such as an end run.
The Charleston Chronicle
The Charleston Chronicle was a weekly newspaper serving the African-American and Black communities in Charleston, South Carolina. The paper was founded in 1971 by James J. French and it ceased publication shortly after his death in 2021.

The paper was a member of the National Newspaper Publishers Association (NNPA), a trade group of more than 200 Black-owned media companies in the United States. Its estimated circulation is 6,000 copies in 2020. Damion Smalls was the paper's editor and Tolbert Smalls was the publisher as of 2018.

National Newspaper Publishers Association
The National Newspaper Publishers Association (NNPA), formerly the National Negro Publishers Association, is an association of African American newspaper publishers from across the United States. It was established in 1940 and took its current name in 1956. Its headquarters was in Louisville, Kentucky.
2020 Supercoppa Italiana
The 2020 Supercoppa Italiana (branded as the PS5 Supercup for sponsorship reasons) was the 33rd edition of the Supercoppa Italiana. It was played on 23 December 2020 for the first time at the Mapei Stadium – Città del Tricolore, Reggio Emilia, between Juventus, the winners of the 2019–20 Serie A championship, and Napoli, the winners of the 2019–20 Coppa Italia. The match was initially supposed to be held in December in Saudi Arabia like the previous year, but restrictions related to the global COVID-19 pandemic forced it to remain in Italy.

Juventus won the match 2–0 and claimed their record-extending ninth Supercoppa Italiana title.

Reggio Emilia
Reggio nell'Emilia (Emilian: Rèz; Latin: Regium Lepidi), usually referred to as Reggio Emilia, or simply Reggio by its inhabitants, and known until 1861 as Reggio di Lombardia, is a city in the region of Emilia-Romagna in Italy. With a population of 172,518, it is the 4th-largest city in Emilia-Romagna and the 22nd-largest in Italy.

The inhabitants of Reggio nell'Emilia are called Reggiani, while the inhabitants of Reggio di Calabria, in the southwest of the country, are called Reggini.

The old town has a hexagonal form, which derives from the ancient walls, and the main buildings are from the 16th–17th centuries. The commune's territory lies entirely on a plain, crossed by the Crostolo stream.
Lenox Avenue Gang
The Lenox Avenue Gang was an early 20th-century New York City street gang led by Harry Horowitz; it was considered one of the most violent gangs of the pre-Prohibition era. It was based in Harlem in Upper Manhattan, New York City, around 125th Street, in what was then a predominantly Jewish neighborhood.

Gang
A gang is a group or society of associates, friends, or members of a family with a defined leadership and internal organization that identifies with or claims control over territory in a community and engages, either individually or collectively, in illegal, and possibly violent, behavior, with such behavior often constituting a form of organized crime.
La Moutade
La Moutade (French pronunciation: [la mutad]; Auvergnat: La Motada) is a former commune in the Puy-de-Dôme department in Auvergne in central France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Chambaron-sur-Morge.

Auvergne
Auvergne (/oʊˈvɛərn(jə), oʊˈvɜːrn/; French: [ovɛʁɲ] ⓘ; Occitan: Auvèrnhe or Auvèrnha) is a cultural region in central France. It is now largely part of the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes administrative region.

Auvergne is generally regarded as conterminous with the land area of the historical Province of Auvergne, which was dissolved in 1790, and with the now-defunct administrative region of Auvergne, which existed from 1956 to 2015.

The region is home to a chain of volcanoes known collectively as the "chaîne des Puys". The volcanoes began forming about 70,000 years ago, and most have eroded, leaving plugs of hardened magma that form rounded hilltops known as puys. The last confirmed eruption occurred around 4040 BCE.
Symbols for Legacy Computing Supplement
Symbols for Legacy Computing Supplement is a Unicode block containing additional graphic characters that were used for various home computers from the 1970s and 1980s, extending the set of characters provided by the Symbols for Legacy Computing block.

It includes characters from Amstrad CPC, Apple 8-bit, Kaypro CP/M, Mattel Aquarius, Ohio Scientific, Robotron KC, Sharp MZ computers, HP terminals, and TRS-80. It includes a set of semigraphics in the form of 230 "octant" characters, large images split into four "characters", and the "large type" characters used for building large text characters.

Graphic character
A graphic character, also known as a printing character or a printable character, is a grapheme intended to be rendered in a form that can be read by a human. In other words, it is any encoded character that is associated with one or more glyphs. (It is thus distinct from a control character, one that is acted upon and not displayed.)
Ragged Peaks
Ragged Peaks (66°59′S 51°0′E﻿ / ﻿66.983°S 51.000°E﻿ / -66.983; 51.000) is a prominent group of peaks on the eastern side of Amundsen Bay in Antarctica, in a line running almost north–south. The peaks, extending 8 nautical miles (15 km), contain several spires and the ridge connecting the peaks is much serrated. There are five peaks over 915 metres (3,002 ft). They were sighted in October 1956 by the ANARE (Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions) Amundsen Bay party led by P. W. Crohn. The descriptive name was given by the Antarctic Names Committee of Australia (ANCA).

Australian Antarctic Names and Medals Committee
The Australian Antarctic Names and Medals Committee (AANMC) was established to advise the Government on names for features in the Australian Antarctic Territory and the subantarctic territory of Heard Island and the McDonald Islands. The committee also issues nominations Governor General for the award of the Australian Antarctic Medal.

Committee members were appointed by the Minister or Parliamentary Secretary responsible for Antarctic matters. The committee was founded in 1952 as the Antarctic Names Committee of Australia,  and changed to the current name in 1982 to reflect the multiple functions that the committee is responsible for. The committee was replaced by the Australian Antarctic Division Place names Committee in 2015.