hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Metal-organic nanotube
Metal–organic nanotubes (MONTs) are a class of crystalline coordination polymers consisting of organic ligands bonded to a metal or metal cluster that form single-walled one-dimensional porous structures.  The usage of organic ligands allows the properties of the resulting material to be tuned, as in the parent class of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), but like carbon nanotubes, MONTs are anisotropic structures.

Porosity
Porosity or void fraction is a measure of the void (i.e. "empty") spaces in a material, and is a fraction of the volume of voids over the total volume, between 0 and 1, or as a percentage between 0% and 100%. Strictly speaking, some tests measure the "accessible void", the total amount of void space accessible from the surface (cf. closed-cell foam).

There are many ways to test porosity in a substance or part, such as industrial CT scanning.

The term porosity is used in multiple fields including pharmaceutics, ceramics, metallurgy, materials, manufacturing, petrophysics, hydrology, earth sciences, soil mechanics, rock mechanics, and engineering.
Do-Re-Mi
"Do-Re-Mi" is an American show tune from the 1959 Rodgers and Hammerstein musical The Sound of Music. Each syllable of the musical solfège system appears in the song's lyrics, sung on the pitch it names. Rodgers was helped in its creation by long-time arranger Trude Rittmann who devised the extended vocal sequence in the song.

The tune finished at #88 in AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs survey of the top tunes in American cinema in 2004.

AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs
AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs is a list of the top 100 songs in American cinema of the 20th century. The list was unveiled by the American Film Institute on June 22, 2004, in a CBS television special hosted by John Travolta, who appeared in two films honored by the list, Saturday Night Fever and Grease. The list was created by a panel of jurors selected by AFI, who voted from a list of 400 nominated songs.
Diego Giuglar
Diego Giuglar (born 1983) is an Italian male lifesaving athlete who won a gold medal with the national team at the 2009 World Games.

Giuglar is an athlete of the Gruppo Sportivo della Marina Militare.

2009 World Games
The 2009 World Games (2009年世界運動會), also known as Kaohsiung 2009, the eighth edition of the World Games, were an international multi-sport event held in Kaohsiung, Taiwan (under the name Chinese Taipei) from 16 July 2009 to 26 July 2009. The games featured sports that are not contested in the Olympic Games.

2908 athletes and over 4400 volunteers and others from over 100 countries participated in the 2009 Kaohsiung World Games, setting a record high for the multi-sport competition. The International World Games Association (IWGA) President Ron Froehlich praised the July 16–26 games as the "best games ever."
Koum Formation
The Koum Formation is a geological formation in the North Province of Cameroon, western Africa.

Its strata date back to the Aptian and Albian stages of the Early Cretaceous. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation.

Aptian
The Aptian is an age in the geologic timescale or a stage in the stratigraphic column. It is a subdivision of the Early or Lower Cretaceous Epoch or Series and encompasses the time from 121.4 ± 0.6 Ma to 113.2 ± 0.3 Ma (million years ago), approximately. The Aptian succeeds the Barremian and precedes the Albian, all part of the Lower/Early Cretaceous.

The Aptian partly overlaps the upper part of the Western European Urgonian Stage.

The Selli Event, also known as OAE1a, was one of two oceanic anoxic events in the Cretaceous Period, which occurred around 120 Ma and lasted approximately 1 to 1.3 million years, being marked by enhanced silicate weathering, as well as ocean acidification. The Aptian extinction was a minor extinction event hypothesized to have occurred around 116 to 117 Ma.
Chen Guidi
Chen Guidi (Chinese: 陳桂棣; Pinyin: Chén Guìdì; born November 1942) is a Chinese writer from Huaiyuan county, Anhui. The book A Survey of the Chinese Peasants (中国农民调查 / 中國農民調查 Zhōngguó Nóngmín Diàochá) which he co-wrote with his wife Wu Chuntao (born 1963) was published in January 2004 but banned by the Communist Party in March of that year. It nevertheless won the 2004 Lettre Ulysses Award. It has been retitled and reprinted in English as Will the Boat Sink the Water.

Huaiyuan County
Huaiyuan County (Postal: Hweiyuen; simplified Chinese: 怀远县; traditional Chinese: 懷遠縣; pinyin: Huáiyuǎn Xiàn) is a county in the north of Anhui Province, China. It is under the administration of Bengbu city.
Peter Santschi
Peter H. Santschi is a marine scientist and an academic. He is the director of the Laboratory for Oceanographic and Environmental Research, adjunct senior research scientist at the Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory as well as a professor of oceanography and marine sciences at Texas A&M University.

Santschi is most known for his works on marine and environmental chemistry, including environmental radiochemistry. His works have been cited in academic journals, including Environmental Science & Technology, Marine Chemistry, Science of the Total Environment, and Journal of Marine Research. He was elected as a Fellow of the American Geophysical Union in 2014, and Fellow of the Geochemical Society and the European Association of Geochemistry in 2017.

American Geophysical Union
The American Geophysical Union (AGU) is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization of Earth, atmospheric, ocean, hydrologic, space, and planetary scientists and enthusiasts that according to their website includes 130,000 people (not members). AGU's activities are focused on the organization and dissemination of scientific information in the interdisciplinary and international fields within the Earth and space sciences. The geophysical sciences involve four fundamental areas: atmospheric and ocean sciences; solid-Earth sciences; hydrologic sciences; and space sciences. The organization's headquarters is located on Florida Avenue in Washington, D.C.
Stephen Fischmann
Stephen H. Fischmann is an American politician from New Mexico. He was a member of the New Mexico Public Regulation Commission from the 5th district, covering all of Catron, Doña Ana, Grant, Hidalgo, Luna, Sierra, and Valencia Counties and parts of Lincoln, Otero, Socorro, and Torrance Counties.

Otero County, New Mexico
Otero County (Spanish: Condado de Otero) is a county located in the U.S. state of New Mexico. As of the 2020 census, the population was 67,839. Its county seat is Alamogordo. Its southern boundary is the Texas state line. It is named for Miguel Antonio Otero, the territorial governor when the county was created.

Otero County includes the Alamogordo Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Farm cat
The farm cat, also known as a barn cat, is a domestic cat, usually of mixed breed, that lives primarily outdoors, in a feral or semi-feral condition on agricultural properties, usually sheltering in outbuildings. They eat assorted vermin such as rodents and other small animals that live in or around outbuildings and farm fields.

The need for the working cat may have been the original reason cats were domesticated, to keep rodents from consuming or contaminating grain crops stored for later human consumption. They are still commonly kept for their effectiveness at controlling undesired vermin found on farms, ranches, greenhouses, and even drug farms, which would otherwise eat or contaminate crops, especially grain or feed stocks.

Moggy
A moggy is any cat which has not been intentionally bred. Moggies lack a consistent appearance unlike purebred cats that are selectively bred for appearance conforming to a standard. In contexts where cats need to be registered—such as in veterinary practices or shelters—moggies may be called domestic short-haired (DSH) or domestic long-haired (DLH) cats, depending on coat length (and less common designations may include "domestic medium-haired (DMH)" or "domestic semi-long-haired").

The vast majority of cats worldwide lack any pedigree ancestry.
Chacko Randaaman
Chacko Randaaman (transl. Chacko, the second) is a 2006 Indian Malayalam-language action film directed by Sunil Karyattukara, written by Biju Devassi, and produced by Saji Nanthyattu. It stars Kalabhavan Mani in a triple role as a son, father and grandfather along with Mohini and Jyothirmayi in lead roles. Music was scored by Sundar C. Babu with lyrics by Vayalar Sharath Chandra Varma.

Vayalar Sarath Chandra Varma
Vayalar Sarath Chandra Varma (born 12 February 1960) is a Malayalam lyricist and poet. He is the son of Malayalam poet and lyricist late Vayalar Ramavarma. He made his debut in the Malayalam film industry through the 1990 Malayalam movie Ente ponnu Thamburan which was directed by AT. Abu and music was composed by G. Devarajan.
Rüdesheim an der Nahe
Rüdesheim an der Nahe, or simply Rüdesheim (German pronunciation: [ˈʁyːdəshaɪm] ⓘ), is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Bad Kreuznach district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Rüdesheim, and is also its seat. Rüdesheim customarily takes the tag “an der Nahe” to distinguish itself from nearby Rüdesheim am Rhein. Rüdesheim is laid out in state planning as a lower centre. Rüdesheim is a winegrowing village.

Famine
A famine is a widespread scarcity of food caused by several possible factors, including, but not limited to: war, natural disasters, crop failure, widespread poverty, an economic catastrophe or government policies. This phenomenon is usually accompanied or followed by regional malnutrition, starvation, epidemic, and increased mortality. Every inhabited continent in the world has experienced a period of famine throughout history. During the 19th and 20th centuries, Southeast and South Asia, as well as Eastern and Central Europe, suffered the greatest number of fatalities due to famine. Deaths caused by famine declined sharply beginning in the 1970s, with numbers falling further since 2000. Since 2010, Africa has been the most affected continent in the world by famine. As of 2025,  Haiti and Afghanistan are the two countries with the most catastrophic and widespread states of famine, followed by Sudan.
Vincentia conspersa
Vincentia conspersa, known as the southern cardinalfish is a species of fish in the family Apogonidae. The species is native to the coasts of southern Australia at a depth between 0 and 67 m (0 and 220 ft). It is a nocturnal species.

The marine parasite Glugea vincentiae infects this species.

Apogonidae
Cardinalfishes are a family, Apogonidae, of ray-finned fishes found in the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans; they are chiefly marine, but some species are found in brackish water and a few (notably Glossamia) are found in fresh water. A handful of species are kept in aquariums and are popular as small, peaceful, and colourful fish. The family includes about 370 species.

They are generally small fish, with most species being less than 10 cm (4 in), and are often brightly coloured. They are distinguished by their large mouths, and the division of the dorsal fin into two separate fins. Most species live in tropical or subtropical waters, where they inhabit coral reefs and lagoons.

They are nocturnal, spending the day in dark crevices within the reef. At least some species brood their eggs inside the mouths of the males. Males do not feed during this incubation period. Males incubate the eggs in their mouth due to having longer heads and a larger jaw, which females do not acquire.
FIDE World Chess Championship 2000
The FIDE World Chess Championship 2000 was held in New Delhi, India, and Tehran, Iran. The first six rounds were played in New Delhi between 27 November and 15 December 2000, and the final match in Tehran started on 20 December and ended on 24 December 2000. The top seeded Indian Grandmaster Viswanathan Anand won the championship.

Liviu-Dieter Nisipeanu
Liviu-Dieter Nisipeanu (born 1 August 1976) is a Romanian chess grandmaster. His peak FIDE rating was 2707 in October 2005, when he was ranked fifteenth in the world, and the highest rated Romanian player ever. It was only in September 2022 that his rating was surpassed by grandmaster Bogdan-Daniel Deac.
NZASM 10 Tonner 0-4-0T
The NZASM 10 Tonner 0-4-0T of 1889 was a South African steam locomotive from the pre-Union era in Transvaal.

In 1889 and 1890, the Nederlandsche-Zuid-Afrikaansche Spoorweg-Maatschappij obtained three 0-4-0T tramway steam locomotives for use on the new line from Johannesburg to Boksburg which became known as the Randtram line. Since the railway classified its locomotives according to their weight, these tank locomotives were known as the 10 Tonners.

Boksburg
Boksburg is a city on the East Rand of Gauteng province of South Africa. Gold was discovered in Boksburg in 1887. Boksburg was named after the State Secretary of the South African Republic, W. Eduard Bok. The Main Reef Road linked Boksburg to all the other major mining towns on the Witwatersrand and the Angelo Hotel (1887) was used as a staging post.

Boksburg has been part of the City of Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality since 5 December 2000, which forms the local government of most of the East Rand.

The Mining Commissioner Montague White built a large dam which, empty for years, was dubbed White's Folly until a flash flood in 1889 silenced detractors. The 150,000-square-metre dam is now the Boksburg Lake, and is surrounded by lawns, trees, and terraces.
O sacrum convivium
"O sacrum convivium" is a Latin prose text honoring the Blessed Sacrament. It is included as an antiphon to the Magnificat in the vespers of the liturgical office on the feast of Corpus Christi. The text of the office has been attributed to Saint Thomas Aquinas.

Its sentiments express the profound affinity of the Eucharistic celebration, described as a banquet, to the Paschal mystery : "O sacred banquet at which Christ is consumed, the memory of his Passion is recalled, our souls are filled with grace, and the pledge of future glory is given to us."

Paschal mystery
The Paschal mystery is central to Catholic faith and theology relating to the history of salvation. According to the Compendium of the Catechism of the Catholic Church, "The Paschal Mystery of Jesus, which comprises his passion, death, resurrection, and glorification, stands at the center of the Christian faith because God's saving plan was accomplished once for all by the redemptive death of himself as Jesus Christ." The Catechism states that in the liturgy of the Church "it is principally his own Paschal mystery that Christ signifies and makes present."

Catholic, Anglican, Lutheran, and Orthodox Christian churches celebrate this mystery during Holy Week and Easter. It is recalled and celebrated also during every Eucharist, and especially on a Sunday, which according to Catholicism is the Pascha of the week.
2013 FIFA Confederations Cup Group B
Group B of the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup took place from 16 to 23 June 2013 in Belo Horizonte's Mineirão, Fortaleza's Castelão, Recife's Arena Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro's, Maracanã and Salvador's Arena Fonte Nova. The group consisted of Nigeria, Spain, Tahiti, and Uruguay.

Mineirão
Mineirão (Portuguese pronunciation: [minejˈɾɐ̃w̃]; lit. 'Big Mineiro', named after its large structure), officially known as Governor Magalhães Pinto Stadium (Portuguese: Estádio Governador Magalhães Pinto, pronounced [isˈtadʒiu ɡoveɾnaˈdoɾ maɡaˈʎɐ̃jz ˈpĩtu]; lit. 'Governor Magalhães Pinto Stadium', named after Magalhães Pinto), is an association football stadium in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Owned by the state of Minas Gerais, it is used by Cruzeiro Esporte Clube.

It served as a venue in the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup and the 2014 FIFA World Cup. It also hosted some matches of the football tournament of the 2016 Summer Olympics. The stadium has a seating capacity of 66,658 spectators.
Breedlove v. Suttles
Breedlove v. Suttles, 302 U.S. 277 (1937), is an overturned United States Supreme Court decision which upheld the constitutionality of requiring the payment of a poll tax in order to vote in state elections.

Constitutionality
Constitutionality is the quality of being acceptable under a supreme law with regard to the status of a norm, a procedure, or an act's accordance with the constitution set forth by an applicable jurisdiction. Laws, procedures, or acts that directly violate the constitution are considered unconstitutional. All others are considered constitutional unless deemed otherwise by a legitimate authority and through a legitimate mechanism.
Ahmed Sobhi
Ahmed Sobhi (Arabic: أحمد صبحي; born March 4, 1991) is an Egyptian professional footballer who plays as a right-back for Egyptian Premier League club El Gouna FC.

He also played with Egyptian National Teams U20, U23 and the first team, his international debut was during a 2–1 away loss against Sierra Leone in 2013 African Cup on Nations qualifications on September 3, 2011. In 2015, he renewed his contract with Enppi by signing a 5-year contract.

El Gouna FC
El Gouna Football Club (Arabic: نادي الجونة لكرة القدم) is an Egyptian football club based in the city of El Gouna, Egypt. The club currently plays in the Egyptian Premier League, the highest league in the Egyptian football league system.
Ahmed Abdel Rahman Nasser
Air Marshal Ahmed Abdel Rahman Nasser (Arabic: أحمد عبد الرحمن ناصر; 29 March 1934 – 15 February 2020) was an officer in the Egyptian Air Force. He graduated from the Egyptian Air Academy in 1956. He served as the commander of the Egyptian Air Force from 1990 until 1996, when he reached retirement age. Thereafter, he was Minister of Civil Aviation until 2002.

Air marshal
Air marshal (Air Mshl or AM) is an air-officer rank used by some air forces, with origins from the Royal Air Force. The rank is used by the air forces of many countries which have historical British influence, including many Commonwealth nations. The rank is usually equivalent to a vice admiral or a lieutenant general.

Air marshal is immediately senior to the rank of air vice-marshal and immediately subordinate to the rank of air chief marshal. Officers in the rank of air marshal typically hold very senior appointments such as commander-in-chief of an air force or a large air force formation. Officers in the ranks of air chief marshal and air vice-marshal are also referred to generically as air marshals. Occasionally, air force officers of marshal rank are considered to be air marshals.
Onitis kethai
Onitis kethai is a species of dung beetle in the family Scarabaeidae. It is only known from its type locality Biligiri Rangaswamy temple Tiger Reserve in Karnataka state of India.

Onitis kethai measures 11.5–15 mm in length and 6–7.5 mm in breadth.

The species was named in memory of the late field assistant Ketha Gowda, who helped the team in sampling beetles and other insects.

Scarabaeidae
The family Scarabaeidae, as currently defined, consists of over 35,000 species of beetles worldwide; they are often called scarabs or scarab beetles. The classification of this family has undergone significant change. Several groups formerly treated as subfamilies have been elevated to family rank (e.g., Bolboceratidae, Geotrupidae, Glaresidae, Glaphyridae, Hybosoridae, Ochodaeidae, and Pleocomidae), and some reduced to lower ranks. The subfamilies listed in this article are in accordance with those in Catalog of Life (2023).
Dispute pyramid
A dispute pyramid is an upside-down triangle that illustrates how many grievances result in legal proceedings, such as a trial or hearing. Court filings are at the bottom as the smallest amount, then lawyers, then claims, and finally grievances at the top with the largest number. It demonstrates how a large number of grievances, for example, one thousand, will filter down to around seven hundred claims, only one hundred lawyers will be hired, and only fifty court filings will occur out of those one thousand grievances.  Researchers believe that approximately one in every twenty cases that could potentially be brought to court will actually be brought to court. The reason for this phenomenon is the existence of settlements outside the court itself, and the pyramid demonstrates this through numbers.

Settlement (litigation)
In law, a settlement is a resolution between disputing parties about a legal case, reached either before or after court action begins. A collective settlement is a settlement of multiple similar legal cases. The term also has other meanings in the context of law. Structured settlements provide for future periodic payments, instead of a one-time cash payment.
Nigerian senators of the 5th National Assembly
The table below lists Nigerian senators of the 5th National Assembly.
The 5th National Assembly (2003 -2007) was inaugurated on 29 May 2003. 
The Senate includes three senators from each of the 36 states, plus one senator for the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja.
Evan Enwerem, who was elected president of the Senate was succeeded by Chuba Okadigbo . Okadigbo was later replaced by Pius Anyim.

Chuba Okadigbo
Chuba Wilberforce Okadigbo (// ⓘ; 17 December 1941 – 25 September 2003), was a Nigerian politician, philosopher, academic, writer and political scientist. He served as the 8th president of the Nigerian Senate from 1999 to 2000. Sometimes referred to as Oyi of Oyi in reference to his local government area (Oyi), he held numerous political positions in the Nigerian government and was known to have opposed the then-ruling Peoples Democratic Party, which was led by President Olusegun Obasanjo.
Atuna indica
Atuna indica is a species of plant in the family Chrysobalanaceae. It is endemic to the Nilgiri Hills of Tamil Nadu in southern India. It has been recorded only twice from a small area in the north-west of the Nilgiris, where it grows in submontane evergreen forest.

Nilgiri Mountains
The Nilgiri Mountains (Tamil: [n̪iːlɐɡiɾi], English: /ˈniːlgɪri/) form a part of the Western Ghats in northwestern Tamil Nadu, southern Karnataka and eastern Kerala in South India. They are located at the trijunction of the three states and connect the Western Ghats to the Eastern Ghats. The range consists of at least 24 peaks above 2,000 m (6,600 ft), with Doddabetta being the highest at 2,637 m (8,652 ft).
Idiopathic pure sudomotor failure
Idiopathic pure sudomotor failure (IPSF) is the most common cause of a rare disorder known as acquired idiopathic generalized anhidrosis (AIGA), a clinical syndrome characterized by generalized decrease or absence of sweating without other autonomic and somatic nervous dysfunctions and without persistent organic cutaneous lesions.

The term IPSF was first introduced in 1994 after researchers at Saitama Medical School speculated the primary lesion sites in patients were within cholinergic receptors of the sweat glands. The term IPSF represent a distinct subgroup of AIGA without sudomotor neuropathy or sweat gland failure.

Somatic nervous system
The somatic nervous system (SNS), also known as voluntary nervous system, is a part of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) that links brain and spinal cord to skeletal muscles under conscious control, as well as to sensory receptors in the skin. The other part complementary to the somatic nervous system is the autonomic nervous system (ANS).

The somatic nervous system consists of nerves carrying afferent nerve fibers, which relay sensation from the body to the central nervous system (CNS), and nerves carrying efferent nerve fibers, which relay motor commands from the CNS to stimulate muscle contraction. Specialized nerve fiber ends called sensory receptors are responsible for detecting information both inside and outside the body.

The a- of afferent and the e- of efferent correspond to the prefixes ad- (to, toward) and ex- (out of).