hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ramon Casadesus-Masanell
Ramon Casadesus-Masanell is a Spanish-American economist currently the Herman C. Krannert Professor of Business Administration at the Harvard Business School. He is co-editor, with Daniel F. Spulber, of the Journal of Economics & Management Strategy.

Ramon is also a prolific case writer and was placed among the top 40 case authors consistently, since the list was first published in 2016 by The Case Centre. He ranked 17th  In 2018/19, 27th in 2017/18, 35th in 2016/17 and 38th in 2015/16.

Daniel F. Spulber
Daniel F. Spulber (born January 31, 1953) is the Elinor Hobbs Distinguished Professor of International Business and professor of strategy at the Kellogg School of Management (Northwestern University), where he has taught since 1990. Spulber is also professor of law at the Northwestern University School of Law and research director of the Searle Center on Law, Regulation, and Economic Growth. He is the founding editor-in-chief of the Journal of Economics & Management Strategy.
1970 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships
The 1970 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships were held in Copenhagen, Denmark for the second time after hosting the event in 1950. This event was held under the auspices of the International Canoe Federation. Beginning at these championships, the event would be held on an annual basis in non-Summer Olympic years, a tradition that continues as of 2026.

The men's competition consisted of four Canadian (single paddle, open boat) and nine kayak events. Three events were held for the women, all in kayak.

This was the eighth championships in canoe sprint.

ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships
The ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships are an international event in canoe racing, one of two top-tier Summer Olympic sport events organized by the International Canoe Federation (the other being the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships). They are usually held every non-Olympic year and have officially included paracanoe events since 2010; paracanoe-specific editions of this event (named ICF Paracanoe World Championships) are usually held in Summer Paralympic years.

Prior to November 2008, canoe sprint was known as flatwater racing.
Haznedar, Kızıltepe
Haznedar (Kurdish: Xaznedar) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Kızıltepe, Mardin Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Kîkan tribe and had a population of 313 in 2021.

Kızıltepe
Kızıltepe (Turkish pronunciation: [kɯˈzɯɫtepe]; Kurdish: Qoser; Ottoman Turkish: تال ارمين, romanized: Tell Armen, lit. 'Armenian hill') is a municipality and district of Mardin Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,236 km2, and its population is 267,151 (2022). It is mainly populated by Kurds of the Kîkan Kurdish tribe. Kızıltepe is situated in Mardin Province within the broader Kurdish-majority region of southeastern Turkey. Demographic research has identified the Mardin region as having a predominantly Kurdish-speaking population, with Kurmanji (Northern Kurdish) as the principal spoken language. Kızıltepe is predominantly inhabited by Kurds and is situated within Mardin Province, which demographic studies have consistently identified as a Kurdish-majority province with high concentrations of Kurmanji (Northern Kurdish) speakers.
Credit spread (options)
In finance, a credit spread, or net credit spread is an options strategy that involves a purchase of one option and a sale of another option in the same class and expiration but different strike prices. It is designed to make a profit when the spreads between the two options narrows.

Investors receive a net credit for entering the position, and want the spreads to narrow or expire for profit. In contrast, an investor would have to pay to enter a debit spread. In this context, "to narrow" means that the option sold by the trader is in the money at expiration, but by an amount that is less than the net premium received, in which event the trade is profitable but by less than the maximum that would be realized if both options of the spread were to expire worthless.

Strike price
In finance, the strike price (or exercise price) of an option is a fixed price at which the owner of the option can buy (in the case of a call), or sell (in the case of a put), the underlying security or commodity. The strike price may be set by reference to the spot price, which is the market price of the underlying security or commodity on the day an option is taken out. Alternatively, the strike price may be fixed at a discount or premium.

The strike price is a key variable in a derivatives contract between two parties. Where the contract requires delivery of the underlying instrument, the trade will be at the strike price, regardless of the market price of the underlying instrument at that time.
Nagai Naotsune
Nagai Naotsune (永井 尚庸; 1631 – April 28, 1677) was a Japanese daimyō of the early Edo period. He served in a variety of positions in the Tokugawa shogunate, including wakadoshiyori and Kyoto Shoshidai.

Naotsune did not formally rule a domain; however, as he was given income from various lands within Kawachi Province rated at 20,000 koku, he was counted as a daimyō. His son Nagai Naohiro also became a high-ranking shogunate official.

Wakadoshiyori
The Wakadoshiyori (若年寄), or "Junior Elders", were high government officials in the Edo period Japan under the Tokugawa shogunate (1603-1867). The position was established around 1633, but appointments were irregular until 1662.  The four to six wakadoshiyori were subordinates to the rōjū in status, but they ranked above the jisha-bugyō.  The served for a month at a time on a rotating basis and were selected from the ranks of the fudai daimyō. There were periods when the number of wakadoshiyori rose to 6 or 7 at one time.

The wakadoshiyori were tasked with supervising the direct vassals of the shōgun, namely the hatamoto  and gokenin using reports provided by the metsuke. They also oversaw the activities of artisans and physicians, organised and supervised public works projects and were in change of the shōgun's personal guards. In the event of war, the wakadoshiyori were theoretically to lead the hatamoto in battle.
Lactarius turpis
Lactarius turpis (also L. plumbeus or L. necator) is a Eurasian species of fungus, commonly known as the ugly milk-cap in English.

Its messy, dirty appearance is characteristic of the species and gives it its English name and the Latin species epithet, turpis. It seems to collect debris on top and the gills acquire a dirty brownish stain due to discoloured milk.

Elias Magnus Fries
Elias Magnus Fries FRS FRSE FLS  (15 August 1794 – 8 February 1878) was a Swedish mycologist and botanist. He is sometimes called the "Linnaeus of Mycology". In his works he described and assigned botanical names to hundreds of fungus and lichen species, many of which remain authoritative today.
Lentiira
Lentiira is a medium-sized lake of Finland. It belongs to Oulujoki main catchment area and it is situated in Kuhmo municipality in the Kainuu region. The lake is quite narrow and deep with long bays. It belongs to Lentiira–Iivantiira–Lentua kayaking route named The Tar Route.

Lentua
Lentua is a medium-sized lake of Finland and it is the 57th biggest lake in Finland. It belongs to Oulujoki main catchment area and it is situated in Kuhmo municipality in the Kainuu region. There is a route around the lake for paddlers.

Protected forest and eskers.

Lagoon-style beach on an island.

Rocky beach.

Public cottage on an island.
1997 Kansas State Wildcats football team
The 1997 Kansas State Wildcats football team represented Kansas State University as a member of the North Division of the Big 12 Conference during the 1997 NCAA Division I-A football season. Led by ninth-year head coach Bill Snyder, the Wildcats compiled an overall record of 11–1 with a mark of 7–1 in conference play, placing second in the Big 12's North Division. Kansas State was invited to the Fiesta Bowl, where the Wildcats defeated Donovan McNabb's Syracuse Orangemen. The team played home games at KSU Stadium in Manhattan, Kansas.

Manhattan, Kansas
Manhattan is a city in and the county seat of Riley County, Kansas, United States, although the city extends into Pottawatomie County. It is located in northeastern Kansas at the junction of the Kansas River and Big Blue River. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 54,100.

The city was founded by settlers from the New England Emigrant Aid Company as a Free-State town in the 1850s, during the Bleeding Kansas era. Nicknamed "the Little Apple" as a play on New York City's moniker of the "Big Apple", the city is a college town with a significant student population, because it is home to Kansas State University (KSU).
William Baillie Grohman
William Adolph Baillie Grohman (April 1, 1851 – February 11, 1921) was an Anglo-Austrian author of works on the Tyrol and the history of hunting, a big game sportsman, and a pioneer in the Kootenay region of British Columbia.

Inn (river)
The Inn (German pronunciation: [ɪn] ⓘ; Latin: Aenus; Romansh: En) is a river in Switzerland, Austria and Germany. The 518 km (322 mi) long river is a right tributary of the Danube, being the third largest tributary of the Danube by discharge. The highest point of its drainage basin is the summit of Piz Bernina at 4,049 m (13,284 ft). The Engadine, the valley of the En, is the only Swiss valley whose waters end up in the Black Sea (via the Danube).
Lady Mary Trefusis
Lady Mary Hepburn-Stuart-Forbes-Trefusis (née Lygon; 26 February 1869 – 12 September 1927) was an English hymnwriter and courtier.  She was Lady of the Bedchamber to Queen Mary, having joined her household while Mary was Princess of Wales.

She was a daughter of the 6th Earl Beauchamp and the wife of Lt.-Col. Henry Hepburn-Stuart-Forbes-Trefusis (a son of the 20th Baron Clinton) in 1905 and had issue.

In the 1920s Trefusis was on the Diocesan Advisory Committee for Truro.

Lady of the Bedchamber
Lady of the Bedchamber  is the title of a lady-in-waiting holding the official position of personal attendant on a British queen regnant or queen consort. The position is traditionally held by the wife of a peer. A lady of the bedchamber would give instructions to the women of the bedchamber on what their queen wished them to do, or may carry out those duties herself.

The equivalent title and office has historically been used in most European royal courts (Dutch: Dames du Palais; French: Dames or Dame de Palais; German: Hofstaatsdame or Palastdame; Italian: Dame di Corte; Russian: Hofdame or Statsdame; Spanish: Dueña de honor; Swedish: Statsfru).
Siguranța
Siguranța was the generic name for the successive secret police services in the Kingdom of Romania. The official title of the organization changed throughout its history, with names including Directorate of the Police and General Safety (Romanian: Direcția Poliției și Siguranței Generale), the Secret Intelligence Service (Romanian: Serviciul Secret de Informații), the Special Intelligence Service (Romanian: Serviciul Special de Informații) or simply the Intelligence Service (Romanian: Serviciul de Informații),

Secret police
Secret police (or political police) are government agencies that operate as secret services engaging in covert operations against a government's political, ideological or social opponents and dissidents. Secret police organizations are characteristic of police states governed by authoritarian and totalitarian regimes. They protect the political power of a dictator or regime and often operate outside the law to repress dissidents and weaken political opposition, frequently using violence. They may enjoy legal sanction to hold and charge suspects without ever identifying their organization.
2015 Umpqua Community College shooting
A shooting occurred on October 1, 2015, at the Umpqua Community College campus near Roseburg, Oregon, United States. Chris Harper-Mercer, a 26-year-old student who was enrolled at the school, fatally shot an assistant professor and eight students in a classroom, and injured eight others. Roseburg police detectives responded to the incident and engaged Harper-Mercer in a brief shootout. After being wounded, he committed suicide by shooting himself in the head. The school shooting is the deadliest in Oregon's history, surpassing the 1998 Thurston High School shooting.

Anti-Christian sentiment
Anti-Christian sentiment, also referred to as Christianophobia or Christophobia, is the fear, hatred, discrimination, or prejudice against Christians and/or aspects of the Christian religion's practices. These terms encompass "every form of discrimination and intolerance against Christians". The presence of anti-Christian sentiment has frequently led to the persecution of Christians throughout history.
Emniyet—Fatih (Istanbul Metro)
Emniyet—Fatih is an underground station on the M1 line of the Istanbul Metro. It is located in west-central Fatih under Adnan Menderes Boulevard. Emniyet—Fatih was opened on 3 September 1989 as part of the first rapid transit line in Istanbul and Turkey and is one of the six original stations on the M1 line. The station services several important municipal buildings such as the Istanbul Police Headquarters, Fatih Municipal Building and the Istanbul Tax Offices Directorate.

Fatih
Fatih (Turkish pronunciation: [ˈfaːtih]) or the Historical peninsula (in Turkish: Tarihi Yarımada),  is a municipality and district of Istanbul Province, Turkey. Its area is 15 km2, and its population is 368,227 (2022). It is home to almost all of the provincial authorities (including the mayor's office, police headquarters, metropolitan municipality and tax office) but not the courthouse. It encompasses the historical peninsula, coinciding with old Constantinople. In 2009, the district of Eminönü, which had been a separate municipality located at the tip of the peninsula, was once again remerged into Fatih because of its small population. Fatih is bordered by the Golden Horn to the north and the Sea of Marmara to the south, while the Western border is demarked by the Theodosian wall and the east by the Bosphorus Strait.
American Cutting Horse Association
The American Cutting Horse Association (ACHA) is a membership association that was formed to promote the sport of cutting horse competition.  The ACHA is headquartered in Brenham, Texas.  They have developed rules of conduct for ACHA sponsored cutting events, sponsor an annual world championship competition, and also keep show records and maintain the lifetime earnings for horse and rider.  Four affiliates comprise the ACHA, including the South West Texas Cutting Horse Association in Belton, Texas, the South Texas Cutting Horse Association in Brenham, Texas, the American Western Sports Cutting Horse Association in Sulpher Springs, Texas, and the American Oklahoma Cutting Horse Association in Corn, Oklahoma.

Brenham, Texas
Brenham (/ˈbrɛnəm/ BREH-nəm) is a city in east-central Texas, United States, and the county seat of Washington County, with a population of 17,369 according to the 2020 U.S. census.

Brenham is also known for its annual German heritage festival that takes place each May called Maifest, similar to Volksfest. Numerous German immigrants settled here in the mid-19th century, following the revolutions in German states in 1848.
Eraser: Reborn
Eraser: Reborn is a 2022 American action film, that serves as a reboot of the 1996 Eraser, and is described as the next installment in the franchise. Directed by John Pogue from a script by Michael D. Weiss, the plot centers around a secret agency that specializes in engineering the fake deaths of witnesses that need to leave no trace of their existence. Starring British actor Dominic Sherwood in the lead role as U.S. Marshal Mason Pollard, the supporting cast includes Jacky Lai, McKinley Belcher III and Eddie Ramos.

Reboot (fiction)
In serial fiction, a reboot is a new start to an established fictional universe, work, or series. A reboot usually discards continuity to re-create its characters, plotlines and backstory from the beginning. It has been described as a way to "rebrand" or "restart an entertainment universe that has already been established".

Another definition of a reboot is a remake which is part of an established film series or other media franchise. The term has been criticized for being a vague and "confusing" "buzzword", and a neologism for remake, a concept which has been losing popularity since the 2010s. William Proctor proposes that there is a distinction between reboots, remakes and retcons.
Márcia X
Márcia Pinheiro de Oliveira (Rio de Janeiro, 1959 - Rio de Janeiro, 2005) was a Brazilian performer and visual artist. Her performances, videos and installations deal with themes of sexuality, eroticism, consumerism, childhood and religion, often using sex toys, children's toys and religious artifacts.

Museum of Modern Art, Rio de Janeiro
The Museum of Modern Art of Rio de Janeiro (Portuguese: Museu de Arte Moderna do Rio de Janeiro, MAM) is a museum located in northeastern Flamengo Park, in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It is in the Centro district, west of Santos Dumont Airport, on Guanabara Bay.
Achilles / Engineer
Achilles/Engineer, released on February 15, 2005, through Hex Records, is a split album from Rochester-based hardcore band Achilles and Syracuse-based sludge metal band Engineer. For both bands it is the follow-up to their debut extended plays; Achilles by Achilles and Suffocation of the Artisan by Engineer. The album is split over two discs, where there bands have a disc each.

Achilles' participating songs were originally recorded with the intent for a split album with This Ship Will Sink, set for release during fall 2004. For unknown reasons, the release was cancelled and the songs were used for this split album instead.

Split album
A split album (or split) is a music album that includes tracks by two or more separate artists. Split albums differ from "various artists" compilation albums in that they generally include several tracks of each artist, or few artists with one or two tracks each, instead of multiple artists with only one or two tracks each. There are also singles and EPs of the same variety, which are often called "split singles" and "split EPs" respectively.
Cesária Évora Airport
Cesária Évora Airport (Portuguese Aeroporto Internacional Cesária Évora) (IATA: VXE, ICAO: GVSV) is Cape Verde's fourth-busiest airport (after Sal, Praia, and Boa Vista), located on the island of São Vicente, nearly 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) from the centre of Mindelo.  It is located in the valley area in the west of the island and is north of the village of São Pedro. Its runway is 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) long and its width is 45 metres (148 ft)

Nelson Mandela International Airport
Nelson Mandela International Airport (IATA: RAI, ICAO: GVNP), also known as Praia International Airport, is an international airport of Santiago Island in Cape Verde. It was opened in October 2005, replacing the old Francisco Mendes International Airport. It is located about 3 km (1.9 mi) northeast of the city centre of Praia in the southeastern part of the island of Santiago.
Pseudomonas sRNA P11
Pseudomonas sRNA P11 is a ncRNA that was predicted using bioinformatic tools in the genome of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its expression verified by northern blot analysis. P11 is located between a putative threonine protein kinase and putative nitrate reductase and is conserved in several Pseudomonas species.  P11 has a predicted Rho independent terminator at the 3′ end but the function of P11 is unknown.

Non-coding RNA
A non-coding RNA (ncRNA) is a functional RNA molecule that is not translated into a protein. The DNA sequence from which a functional non-coding RNA is transcribed is often called an RNA gene. Abundant and functionally important types of non-coding RNAs include transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), as well as small RNAs such as microRNAs, siRNAs, piRNAs, snoRNAs, snRNAs, exRNAs, scaRNAs and the long ncRNAs such as Xist and HOTAIR.

The number of non-coding RNAs within the human genome is unknown; however, recent transcriptomic and bioinformatic studies suggest that there are thousands of non-coding transcripts. 
Many of the newly identified ncRNAs have unknown functions, if any. 
There is no consensus on how much of non-coding transcription is functional: some believe most ncRNAs to be non-functional "junk RNA", spurious transcriptions, while others expect that many non-coding transcripts have functions to be discovered.
Riocentro bombing
The Riocentro bombing (Portuguese: atentado do Riocentro) was an attempted terrorist attack that took place on the evening of 30 April 1981, during a May Day celebration concert at the Riocentro convention center in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The bombing, carried out by officers of the Brazilian Army, was a false flag operation intended to frame left-wing guerrillas as violent and thereby halting the country's transition towards democracy. It ended up having the opposite effect, accelerating the end of Brazil's military regime, in power since 1964.

One of the perpetrators of the attack died, while the other was injured, from an accidental detonation of one of the bombs. A criminal inquiry from the time was inconclusive. There have been renewed investigations since 1999, one of which, conducted by the National Truth Commission, concluded that military authorities were responsible for the planning and execution of the bombing.

National Information Service (Brazil)
The Serviço Nacional de Informações (English: National Information Service) or SNI was the intelligence agency of Brazil during its military dictatorship. It was created by President Castelo Branco via Law 4371/64 and remained active until dissolved by Fernando Collor in 1990. Intelligence activities in Brazil were then subordinate to the Brazilian Federal Police until Fernando Henrique Cardoso sanctioned Law 9883/97, which created the Brazilian Intelligence Agency.
Haridwar Kumbh Mela
Haridwar Kumbh Mela is a mela, associated with Hinduism and held in the city of Haridwar, India held every 12 years. The exact date is determined according to Hindu astrology: the Mela is held when Jupiter is in Aquarius and the Sun enters Aries. The event possesses deep religious significance to Hindus as well as other spiritual seekers. Historically, it was an important commercial event and was attended by merchants from as far as Arabia.

The Haridwar Kumbh Mela had happened from 1 April to 30 April in the year 2021 amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. An Ardh Kumbh ("Half Kumbh") Mela is held six years after a Kumbh Mela. The last Ardh Kumbh Mela took place in 2016.

Haridwar will host the Half Kumbh (Ardh Kumbh) in 2027, so plan your 2026 visit early, book stays near the ghats in advance, travel light, follow crowd advisories, and experience the sacred Ganga aarti at dawn or dusk.

Sardhana
Sardhana is a city and a municipal board in Meerut district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is 85 km (53 mi) northeast of New Delhi and 13 mi from Meerut. It is 5 km from Meerut Karnal National Highway and 12 km from National Highway 58. It is famous for its cloth and timber industries, and its church.
Passet
Passet is a mountain pass on the island of Kongsøya in Kong Karls Land, Svalbard. It is located at the western side of Kongsøya, and separates the mountain of Sjögrenfjellet to the west from Tordenskjoldberget to the east. South of the pass is the bay Antarcticbukta, and the headland Kapp Altmann.

Kapp Altmann
Kapp Altmann is a headland at the southern side of Kongsøya in  Kong Karls Land, Svalbard. It has a length of 1.9 kilometers and a width between 100 and 200 meters. Outside the spit are two small islands. The headland is named after Arctic explorer Johan Andreas Altmann. Kapp Altmann defines the western extension of the bay Breibukta.