hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Advantage (cryptography)
In cryptography, an adversary's advantage is a measure of how successfully it can attack a cryptographic algorithm, by distinguishing it from an idealized version of that type of algorithm.  Note that in this context, the "adversary" is itself an algorithm and not a person.  A cryptographic algorithm is considered secure if no adversary has a non-negligible advantage, subject to specified bounds on the adversary's computational resources (see concrete security).  "Negligible" usually means "within O(2−p)" where p is a security parameter associated with the algorithm.  For example, p might be the number of bits in a block cipher's key.

Key (cryptography)
A key in cryptography is a piece of information, usually a string of numbers or letters that are stored in a file, which, when processed through a cryptographic algorithm, can encode or decode cryptographic data. Based on the used method, the key can be different sizes and varieties, but in all cases, the strength of the encryption relies on the security of the key being maintained. A key's security strength is dependent on its algorithm, the size of the key, the generation of the key, and the process of key exchange.
Beijing Municipal Administration of Prisons
The Beijing Municipal Administration of Prisons (simplified Chinese: 北京市监狱管理局; traditional Chinese: 北京市監獄管理局; pinyin: Běijīng Shì Jiānyù Guǎnlǐ Jú) is an agency of the direct-controlled municipality of Beijing, operating prisons.

In 2024, the Beijing Municipal Administration of Prisons operated 501 vehicles and had a budget of 4.4 billion RMB.

It is a part of the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Justice.

Direct-administered municipality
A direct-administered municipality (直辖市; Zhíxiáshì; lit. 'direct-administered city'), commonly known as a municipality, is a provincial-level administrative division in China. The municipalities are directly affiliated with the central government of China. Although a city by name, a Chinese municipality is more than a city in a traditional sense. It is equivalent to a province as it is usually composed of a central urban area and a number of much larger surrounding suburban and rural areas. There are four such municipalities in China: Beijing, Chongqing, Shanghai, and Tianjin.
Terciman
Terciman or Tercüman (Crimean Tatar: ترجمان‎, Russian: Переводчикъ, means "The Translator") was a Pan-Turkist weekly newspaper published between 1883 and 1918 by Crimean Tatar intellectual and educator Ismail Gasprinsky in Bakhchysarai. It was the first Crimean Tatar periodical, and the main publication of Turkic peoples in the Russian Empire.

In 1906-1911, Gasprinskiy also published a Crimean Tatar magazine Alem-i Nisvan oriented towards women.

In the aftermath of the Russian February Revolution Terciman supported Crimean Tatar political movement. The weekly was closed soon after Crimean People's Republic was occupied by the Red Army in February 1918.

Crimean People's Republic
The Crimean People's Republic or Crimean Democratic Republic was a self-declared state that existed from December 1917 to January 1918 in the Crimean Peninsula. The Republic was one of many short-lived states that declared independence after the 1917 Russian Revolution caused the collapse of the Russian Republic.
Mayberry Village
Mayberry Village is an area in east central East Hartford, Connecticut, United States. The neighborhood was originally developed in the 1940s to house the influx of people who worked at Pratt and Whitney and other defense industries in Connecticut. It is roughly bounded by Burnside Avenue to the north and Wilbur Cross Highway the south. To the east is the Hockanum River, across from which is Wickham Park, mostly in Manchester.

Wilbur Cross Highway
The Wilbur Cross Highway is a freeway running along a portion of Connecticut Route 15 and U.S. Route 5 from Wethersfield to East Hartford, Connecticut, and then continuing northeast as a section of Interstate 84, part of which is also cosigned as U.S. Route 6. The freeway ends at a junction with the tolled Massachusetts Turnpike in Sturbridge, Massachusetts. The entire route was formerly signed as Route 15.
12th federal electoral district of Chiapas
The 12th federal electoral district of Chiapas (Spanish: Distrito electoral federal 12 de Chiapas) is one of the 300 electoral districts into which Mexico is divided for elections to the federal Chamber of Deputies and one of 13 such districts in the state of Chiapas.

It elects one deputy to the lower house of Congress for each three-year legislative session by means of the first-past-the-post system. Votes cast in the district also count towards the calculation of proportional representation ("plurinominal") deputies elected from the third region.

The 12th district was created in 1996. Between 1979 and 1996, the state had only nine congressional districts; the 1996 redistricting process increased the number to 12. The three new districts elected their first deputies in the 1997 mid-terms.

The current member for the district, elected in the 2024 general election, is Rosa Irene Urbina Castañeda of the National Regeneration Movement (Morena).

Cacahoatán
Cacahoatán is a city and municipality in the Mexican state of Chiapas, in southern Mexico. It covers an area of 173.9 km2. The land of Cocoa. Nahuatl orig.

As of 2010, the municipality had a total population of 43,811, up from 39,033 as of 2005.

As of 2010, the city of Cacahoatán had a population of 16,572. Other than the city of Cacahoatán, the municipality had 112 localities, the largest of which (with 2010 populations in parentheses) were: Salvador Urbina (2,555), classified as urban, and Faja de Oro (2,356), Agustín de Iturbide (2,211), Unión Roja (1,829), Ahuacatlán (1,583), Mixcum (1,502), Benito Juárez (1,473), and El Águila (1,274), classified as rural.
Elizabeth Eggleston
Elizabeth Moulton Eggleston (6 November 1934 – 24 March 1976) was an Australian activist, author, lawyer and champion for Indigenous Australians. One obituary described Eggleston as "gentle and unassuming" woman.

Eggleston was born in Armadale, Melbourne to Sir Richard Moulton Eggleston, a barrister and later judge who became chancellor of Monash University and Isabel Marjorie, a mathematics teacher.

Eggleston died in East Melbourne in 1976. Her memorial service was attended by members of the Indigenous community. She is buried in Brighton Cemetery.

Armadale, Victoria
Armadale is an inner suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) south-east of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the City of Stonnington local government area. Armadale recorded a population of 9,368 at the 2021 census.

The suburb has two railways stations: Armadale, and Toorak. It is bordered by Glenferrie Road to the east, Orrong Road to the west, Malvern Road to the north and Dandenong Road/Princes Highway to the south.
Adam Hicks (American football)
Adam Hicks (born c. 1969) is an American college football coach. He is the head football coach for Clarke University, a position he has held since 2023. Before becoming the head football coach at Clarke, Hicks spent time as their defensive coordinator. He also coached for Ole Miss, Memphis, and Missouri.

Clarke University
Clarke University is a private Catholic university in Dubuque, Iowa, United States. It was founded in 1843 as St. Mary's Female Academy by Mother Mary Frances Clarke, foundress of the Sisters of Charity of the Blessed Virgin Mary.

The campus sits on a bluff overlooking the Mississippi River and downtown Dubuque. Clarke offers  undergraduate degrees in 19 academic departments with over 40 majors and programs.  The university also provides graduate master's and doctoral degrees and enrolls approximately 962 students as of fall 2024.
Vikramjit Singh Chaudhary
Vikramjit Singh Chaudhary is an Indian politician representing the Phillaur Assembly constituency in the Punjab Legislative Assembly. He is a member of Indian National Congress until he was suspended in 2024 and again re inducted in the party in June 2025.

Punjab Legislative Assembly
The Punjab Legislative Assembly or the Punjab Vidhan Sabha is the unicameral legislature of the state of Punjab in India. The Sixteenth Punjab Legislative Assembly was constituted in March 2022. At present, it consists of 117 members, directly elected from 117 single-seat constituencies.  The tenure of the Legislative Assembly is five years unless dissolved sooner. The Speaker of the sixteenth assembly is Kultar Singh Sandhwan. The meeting place of the Legislative Assembly since 6 March 1961 is the Vidhan Bhavan in Chandigarh.
Biathlon at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Men's sprint
The men's 10 km sprint biathlon competition of the Pyeongchang 2018 Olympics was held on 11 February 2018 at the Alpensia Biathlon Centre in Pyeongchang, South Korea. The event was won by Arnd Peiffer, with Michal Krčmář taking silver and Dominik Windisch bronze. This was the first individual Olympic medal for both Peiffer and Windisch, whereas for Krčmář, this was the first Olympic medal.

Pyeongchang County
Pyeongchang (American English: /ˌpjʌŋˈtʃɑːŋ/ pyung-CHAHNG, Korean: [pʰjʌŋtɕʰaŋ]; in full, Pyeongchang-gun [pʰjʌŋtɕʰaŋɡun]) is a county in the state of Gangwon, South Korea, located in the Taebaek Mountains region. It is home to several Buddhist temples, including Woljeongsa. It is about 180 km (110 mi) east southeast of Seoul, the capital of South Korea, and connected by expressways and high-speed passenger railways. Pyeongchang's slogan, "Happy 700 Pyeongchang", is taken from its average elevation of approximately 700 metres (2,300 ft).

Pyeongchang hosted the 2018 Winter Olympics and the 2018 Winter Paralympics. It was officially rebranded as "PyeongChang" (with a capital 'C') for the purposes of the 2018 Games, in order to avoid confusion with Pyongyang in North Korea.
Menteng Stadium
Menteng Stadium was a multi-purpose stadium in Menteng, Central Jakarta, Indonesia. It was used mostly for football reserve matches and was the home stadium of Persija football team. The stadium was built in 1921 with Dutch architects F.J. Kubatz and P.A.J. Moojen and was named Voetbalbond Indische Omstreken Sport (Viosveld).

In October 2006 the stadium was demolished and a public park called Menteng Park was built on the area by the administration of Sutiyoso, governor of Jakarta at that time. The demolition was very debatable amongst the PSSI, because minister of sports Adhyaksa Dault had not approved this action. The stadium's demolition also led to conflicts that almost disbanded Persija Jakarta.

Central Jakarta
Central Jakarta (Indonesian: Jakarta Pusat, Betawi: Jakarté Bèlah Tengah), abbreviated as Jakpus, is one of the five administrative cities (kota administrasi) and de facto Capital City of the Special Capital Region of Jakarta. It had 902,973 inhabitants according to the 2010 census and 1,056,896 at the 2020 census; the official estimate as of mid-2023 was 1,103,357, comprising 553,471 males and 549,886 females. Central Jakarta is not self-governed and does not have a city council, hence it is not classified as a proper municipality.

Central Jakarta is the smallest in area and population of the five administrative cities of Jakarta. It is both the administrative and political center of Jakarta and Indonesia. Central Jakarta contains several large international hotels and major landmarks such as Hotel Indonesia.
Luke Wright
Luke James Wright (born 7 March 1985) is an English former cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and a right-arm medium bowler. Wright joined Sussex in 2004, having started his career at Leicestershire. He was named in England's squad for the Under-19 World Cup in 2004, and joined the International Twenty20 squad for the 2007 Twenty20 World Championship in September 2007. He made his One Day International debut on 5 September 2007 against India. In November 2022, he became a selector for the England men's team, announcing his retirement from playing at the same time. Wright was a member of the England team that won the 2010 ICC World Twenty20.

European T20 Premier League
The European T20 Premier League (ETPL) is an upcoming professional twenty20 cricket league in Europe. It will be organised by Cricket Scotland, Cricket Ireland, and Royal Dutch Cricket Association, and will be played during summer each year from 2026. The League will comprise six teams across Scotland, Ireland, Northern Ireland, and the Netherlands.
Limnonectes nguyenorum
Limnonectes nguyenorum is a species of fanged frog in the family Dicroglossidae. It is endemic to northern Vietnam and only known from the area of its type locality in Vi Xuyen District, northwestern Ha Giang Province, northern Vietnam. It is part of the Limnonectes kuhlii species complex.

Hà Giang province
Hà Giang (Vietnamese pronunciation: [haː2 zaːŋ1], listenⓘ) was a province in the Northeast region of Vietnam. It was located in the far north of the country, and contains Vietnam's northernmost point. It shared a 270 km long border with Yunnan province of southern China, and thus was known as Vietnam's final frontier.  It covered an area of 7,927.55 km2 (3,060.84 mi2), comprising 1 city and 10 rural districts, with a population of 899,900 in 2023.

The provincial capital, also called Hà Giang, was connected by Highway 2 and is 320 km away from Hanoi. The border crossing was at Thanh Thủy, 25 km from the provincial capital. It was one of the poorest provinces of Vietnam as it had mountainous topography with the least potential for agricultural development.

In addition to Thanh Thủy, there were three smaller gates, namely the Phó Bảng, Xín Mần and Săm Pun.

On 12 June 2025, Hà Giang province was incorporated into Tuyên Quang province.
Doumeira Islands
The Doumeira Islands (French: Douméra, Somali: Dumeera, Tigrinya: ዱሜራ, Arabic: دميرة) are situated northeast of Djibouti and east of Eritrea near the Bab el-Mandeb in the Red Sea. They consist of Doumeira, located less than one kilometer off of the Eritrean and Djiboutian shore, and the much smaller island of Kallîda, which is 250 metres (820 ft) to the east.

Tigrinya language
Tigrinya, sometimes romanized according to Italian spelling rules as Tigrigna, is an Ethio-Semitic language, which is a subgrouping within the Semitic branch of the Afroasiatic languages. It is primarily spoken by the Tigrinya and Tigrayan peoples, native to Eritrea and to the Tigray Region of Ethiopia, respectively. It is also spoken by the global diaspora of these regions.
Osborne Symes
Frederick Osborne George Symes was a Dominican civil servant who served as Speaker of the House of Assembly of Dominica during United Workers Party administration from 1995 to 2000.

Symes was born in Roseau on 31 August 1937. He worked as an accountant by profession and served in the treasury department of Ministry of Finance of Dominica. He also acted as cabinet secretary on occasion. He retired from the public service in 1993. In 1995, Symes was approached by the UWP to be nominated as Speaker of the House of Assembly of Dominica, and he accepted the nomination. He was replaced following UWP loss in the 2000 elections. He worked for eight years as a director in National Bank of Dominica.

Symes died of heart failure on 12 March 2013. He received a state funeral.

United Workers' Party (Dominica)
The United Workers' Party (UWP) is a centrist political party in Dominica.  As of the 2022 general election, the party is not represented in the House of Assembly of Dominica, after boycotting the general election. The past Leader of the Opposition in the Assembly is Lennox Linton.

The United Workers' Party with less than 34% of the votes was the majority party in Dominica's parliament from 1995 until 2000, led by party co-founder Edison James as Prime Minister of Dominica.

The party now has a new leader, Thomson Fontaine who is the current Leader of the Opposition. In the 2014 general elections, the party won 6 seats out of the 21. This was reduced to 3 in 2019, and 0 in 2022 following a boycott of the 2022 general elections.
Rick Shea
Rick Shea (born September 22, 1953) is an American singer-songwriter and guitarist who lives in Southern California. His career spans four decades and in that time he has worked as a solo artist and with bands such as Chris Gaffney and The Cold Hard Facts and Dave Alvin's Guilty Men. Additionally, Shea fronts his own band, the Losin' End. His influences are many and include the hardcore honky of Hank Williams as well as a myriad of American artists and international folk musicians. Eclectic in his stance, his live shows entice audiences across the United States and Europe. He has released ten albums and continues to write, record and produce both his own music and that of other artists.

Dave Alvin
David Albert Alvin (born November 11, 1955) is an American singer-songwriter, guitarist and producer. He is a former and founding member of the roots rock band the Blasters. Alvin has recorded and performed as a solo artist since the late 1980s and has been involved in various side projects and collaborations. He has had brief stints as a member of the bands X and the Knitters. He often refers to himself as "Blackjack Dave," in reference to his 1998 album and song of the same name.
Alexander Laird Jr.
Alexander Laird (1830 – August 9, 1896) was a farmer and political figure in Prince Edward Island. He represented 4th Prince in the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island from 1867 to 1870 and served in the Legislative Council from 1874 to 1882 and from 1886 to 1896 as a Liberal member.

Prince Edward Island Liberal Party
The Prince Edward Island Liberal Party, officially the Prince Edward Island Liberal Association, is a political party in the province of Prince Edward Island, Canada.  It is one of the three parties currently represented in the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island, and along with its primary rival the Progressive Conservative Party of PEI, one of only two parties with continual presence in the provincial legislature since confederation.

The PEI Liberals has formed the government of Prince Edward Island for 90 of the approximately 160 years since PEI became a province of Canada.
Marc Crousillat
Marc Crousillat (17 January 1960 – 22 January 2022) was a French water polo player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1988 Summer Olympics. He died in Marseille on 22 January 2022, at the age of 62.

Water polo at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Water polo at the 1988 Summer Olympics as usual was part of the swimming sport, the other two being swimming and diving. They were not seen as three separate sports, because they all were governed by one federation — FINA. Water polo discipline consisted of one event: the men's team competition.

In the preliminary round twelve teams were divided into two groups. The two best teams from each group (shaded ones) advanced to the semi-finals. The two numbers three and four played classification matches to determine places 5 through 8, with the earlier result taken with them. The rest of the teams also played classification matches to determine places 9 through 12.
Kent Design Awards
These awards were created to celebrate design excellence in Kent and were first staged in 2003 and are usually held every two years. They were then renamed 'Kent Design and Development Awards' in 2012. Then have stayed as the 'Kent Design and Development Awards' in 2014.

Dungeness
Dungeness (UK: /ˌdʌndʒəˈnɛs/ ⓘ, UK: /ˌdʌndʒˈnɛs/) is a headland on the coast of Kent, England, formed largely of a shingle beach in the form of a cuspate foreland. It shelters a large area of low-lying land, Romney Marsh. Dungeness spans Dungeness Nuclear Power Station, the hamlet of Dungeness, and an  ecological site at the same location. It lies within the civil parish of Lydd.
Transportation demand management
Transportation demand management or travel demand management (TDM) is the application of strategies and policies to increase the efficiency of transportation systems, that reduce travel demand, or to redistribute this demand in space or in time.

In transport, as in any network, managing demand can be a cost-effective alternative to increasing capacity. A demand management approach to transport also has the potential to deliver better environmental outcomes, improved public health, stronger communities, and more prosperous cities. TDM techniques link with and support community movements for sustainable transport.

The Association for Commuter Transportation defines TDM as the use of strategies to inform and encourage travelers to maximize the efficiency of a transportation system leading to improved mobility, reduced congestion, and lower vehicle emissions.

Network science
Network science is an academic field which studies complex networks such as telecommunication networks, computer networks, biological networks, cognitive and semantic networks, and social networks, considering distinct elements or actors represented by nodes (or vertices) and the connections between the elements or actors as links (or edges).  The field draws on theories and methods including graph theory from mathematics, statistical mechanics from physics, data mining and information visualization from computer science, inferential modeling from statistics, and social structure from sociology. The United States National Research Council defines network science as "the study of network representations of physical, biological, and social phenomena leading to predictive models of these phenomena."
Oliver Erichson Janson
Oliver Erichson Janson (1850 – 25 November 1925) was an English entomologist who specialised in beetles.

He was born in 1850, the son of Edward Wesley Janson. Janson's early years were spent at Fortis Green, and he collected beetles there and at Finchley, Hampstead and Highgate. In 1906, he made an expedition to Iceland adding to the collections of the National Museum of Iceland. During World War I, he made three trips to Ireland, particularly County Kerry. Janson was a world authority on Cetoniinae publishing new genera and species mostly in Cistula Entomologica published by Janson and Co. His world collection was purchased by Titus Valck Lucassen. His collection, in turn, was acquired by the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie at Leiden in 1940.

He was a Fellow of the Royal Entomological Society from 1869 until his death.

Highgate
Highgate is a suburban area of north London, which is divided among three London boroughs: Haringey in the north and east, Camden in the south and west, and Islington in the south and east. It lies at the north-eastern corner of Hampstead Heath, 4.5 mi (7 km) north-north-west of Charing Cross.

Highgate is one of the most expensive London suburbs in which to live. It has three conservation organisations: the Highgate Society, the Highgate Neighbourhood Forum and the Highgate Conservation Area Advisory Committee, to protect and enhance its character and amenities.