hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Groes, Port Talbot
Groes was a village south of Port Talbot in the county of Glamorgan, Wales. It was demolished in 1976 to make way for Junction 39 of the new M4 motorway.

The village was built in the 1830s, designed by the architect Edward Haycock. It included the octagonal Beulah Calvinistic Methodist Chapel (built in 1838) and later a school (built in 1860); the school was paid for by Christopher Rice Mansel Talbot, then owner of Margam Castle.

Despite Port Talbot Council's deputy engineer proposing an alternative route for the M4 motorway, in 1974 it was confirmed the village would be destroyed. The village's 21 families were rehoused and the houses and school were demolished in 1976. A new school had been built in nearby Margam in 1973, while the Beulah Chapel was dismantled and rebuilt in the nearby Tollgate Park.

Port Talbot
Port Talbot (/ˌpɔːrt ˈtɔːlbət/, UK also /pɔːr-, pə-, -ˈtælbət, -ˈtɒlbət/) is a town and community in the county borough of Neath Port Talbot, Wales, situated on the east side of Swansea Bay, approximately eight miles (thirteen kilometres) from Swansea. The Port Talbot Steelworks covers a large area of land which dominates the south east of the town. It is the largest steelworks in the United Kingdom, and one of the largest in the world, but has been under threat of closure since the 1980s. The population was 31,550 in 2021, comprising about a fifth of the 141,931 population of Neath Port Talbot.
10010 Rudruna
10010 Rudruna (1978 PW3) is a main-belt asteroid discovered on August 9, 1978 by husband and wife team Nikolai and Lyudmila Chernykh at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory.  It is named after the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (Russian: Российский университет дружбы народов, Rossijskij universitet druzhby narodov).

Lyudmila Chernykh
Lyudmila Ivanivna Chernykh (Ukrainian: Людмила Іванівна Черних; Russian: Людми́ла Ива́новна Черны́х; June 13, 1935 – July 28, 2017) was a Ukrainian-Russian-Soviet astronomer, wife and colleague of Nikolai Stepanovich Chernykh, and a prolific discoverer of minor planets.
John Martin Thompson
John Martin Thompson (c. 1829 – 1907) was a lumberman, Native American tribal and civic leader,  born in the old Cherokee Nation prior to removal in what is now Bartow County, Georgia, USA. He was the son of Benjamin Franklin Thompson, a South Carolinian of Scot-Irish descent, and Annie Martin, a mix blood Cherokee. She was the daughter of Judge John Martin, the first Chief Justice of the Cherokee Nation and Nellie McDaniel.

William Penn Adair
William Penn Adair (April 15, 1830 – October 23, 1880) was a leader of the Cherokee Nation. He was born in the traditional Cherokee territory in Georgia. As a child with his family he survived the forced march on the Trail of Tears of Indian Removal from the Southeast to Indian Territory to what is now Oklahoma.  He became an attorney who served in public office both before and after the American Civil War and as a justice of their nation's court. He entered the Confederate States Army, and he achieved the rank of colonel. Like many others, he joined on the promise that the Confederacy would support a Native American state if it won the War. He served as Cherokee Nation delegate at Washington, D.C. during the 1860s and 1870s.
Overcall
In contract bridge, an overcall is a bid made after an opening bid has been made by an opponent; the term refers only to the first such bid. A direct overcall is such a bid made by the player seated immediately to the left of the opener, i.e. next in the bidding rotation; an overcall in the 'last seat', i.e. by the player to the right of opener, which is made after two intervening passes, is referred to as a balancing or protective overcall.

Takeout double
In the card game contract bridge, a takeout double is a low-level conventional call of "Double" over an opponent's bid as a request for partner to bid his best of the unbid suits.  The most common takeout double is after an opponent's opening bid of one of a suit where the double shows a hand with opening values, support for all three unbid suits (at least three cards in each) and shortness in the suit doubled (preferably, no more than two). Normally, the partner of the doubler must bid his best suit but may pass if (a) his right hand opponent intervenes or (b) on the more rare occasions when his hand is such that he wishes to convert the takeout double to a penalty double.
Ahuntsic (provincial electoral district)
45°33′N 73°40′W﻿ / ﻿45.55°N 73.67°W﻿ / 45.55; -73.67

Ahuntsic (pronounced [aɔntsɪk]) was a provincial electoral district in Quebec, Canada, which elected a member to the National Assembly of Quebec (known as the Legislative Assembly of Quebec until December 1968). It was located in and around the Ahuntsic district of Montreal.

It was created for the 1966 election from parts of the now-defunct Laval district. Its final election was in 1970.  It disappeared in the 1973 election and its successor electoral districts were Crémazie and L'Acadie.

Laval (provincial electoral district)
Laval (French: [laval] ⓘ) was a former provincial electoral district in the province of Quebec, Canada. It was located in the Laval region north of Montreal, but for some of its history it also included parts of Montreal itself.

It was created for the 1867 election (and an electoral district of that name existed earlier in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada). The final election where Laval was a riding was in 1976. Electoral district boundaries were changed for the 1981 election and its successor electoral districts were Fabre and Chomedey.
Schur product theorem
In mathematics, particularly in linear algebra, the Schur product theorem states that the Hadamard product of two positive definite matrices is also a positive definite matrix.
The result is named after Issai Schur (Schur 1911, p. 14, Theorem VII) (note that Schur signed as J. Schur in Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik.)

The converse of the theorem holds in the following sense: if  is a symmetric matrix and the Hadamard product  is positive definite for all positive definite matrices , then  itself is positive definite.

Issai Schur
Issai Schur (10 January 1875 – 10 January 1941) was a Russian mathematician who worked in Germany for most of his life. He studied at the University of Berlin. He obtained his doctorate in 1901, became lecturer in 1903 and, after a stay at the University of Bonn, professor in 1919.

As a student of Ferdinand Georg Frobenius, he worked on group representations (the subject with which he is most closely associated), but also in combinatorics and number theory and even theoretical physics. He is perhaps best known today for his result on the existence of the Schur decomposition and for his work on group representations (Schur's lemma).

Schur published under the name of both I. Schur, and J. Schur, the latter especially in Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik. This has led to some confusion.
Corrib Fillies Stakes
The Corrib Fillies Stakes is a Listed flat horse race in Ireland open to mares and fillies aged three years or older. It is run at Galway over a distance of 7 furlongs (1,408 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year at the Galway Festival in late July or early August.

The race was first run in 2012.

Galway Races
The Galway Races (Irish: Rásaí na Gaillimhe) is an Irish horse-racing festival that starts on the last Monday of July every year. Held at Ballybrit Racecourse in Galway, Ireland over seven days, it is one of the longest of all the race meets that occur in Ireland.

The busiest days of the festival are Wednesday, when the Galway Plate is held, and Thursday, when the Galway Hurdle and Ladies' Day take place.
Mostafa Karkhaneh
Mostafa Karkhaneh (Persian: مصطفی کارخانه; born May 24, 1959, in Jalilabad, Tehran Province) is a former Iranian volleyball player and coach. He is known for his successful career as a coach, building the Iranian national volleyball team into an international contender. Throughout his career, he managed all national Iranian volleyball teams, including the youth, junior, and senior teams, helping many young players develop their skills.

Mehr News Agency
The Mehr News Agency (MNA; Persian: خبرگزاری مهر, romanized: Xabâr-gozâri Mehr) is a semi-official news agency sponsored by the government of Iran. It is headquartered in Tehran, and is owned by the Iranian government's Islamic Development Organization (IIDO). Mehr publishes all content on its website under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.
Glycoside hydrolase family 1
Glycoside hydrolase family 1 is a family of glycoside hydrolases. Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.

Glycoside hydrolase family 1 CAZY GH_1 comprises enzymes with a number of known activities; beta-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21); beta-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23); 6-phospho-beta-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.85); 6-phospho-beta-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.86); lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (EC 3.2.1.62), lactase (EC 3.2.1.108); beta-mannosidase (EC 3.2.1.25); myrosinase (EC 3.2.1.147).

Myrosinase
Myrosinase (EC 3.2.1.147, thioglucoside glucohydrolase, sinigrinase, and sinigrase) is a family of enzymes involved in plant defense against herbivores, specifically the mustard oil bomb. The three-dimensional structure has been elucidated and is available in the PDB (see links in the infobox).

A member of the glycoside hydrolase family, myrosinase possesses several similarities with the more ubiquitous O-glycosidases. However, myrosinase is the only known enzyme found in nature that can cleave a thio-linked glucose. Its known biological function is to catalyze the hydrolysis of a class of compounds called glucosinolates.
Mito Pereira
Guillermo "Mito" Pereira Hinke (born 31 March 1995) is a Chilean former professional golfer who played on the PGA Tour and the LIV Golf League. He was best known for contending at the 2022 PGA Championship, where he made double bogey on the final hole to finish one shot outside of a playoff.

A talented amateur golfer, Pereira was recruited to play for Texas Tech University. He spent one year with the Texas Tech Red Raiders before turning professional in 2015. He subsequently played on PGA Tour Latinoamérica and the Korn Ferry Tour, earning status on the PGA Tour in 2021 via a three-win promotion. Pereira left the PGA Tour to join LIV Golf in 2023. He retired from professional golf in 2025 at the age of 30.

2022 Presidents Cup
The 2022 Presidents Cup was the 14th edition of the Presidents Cup golf competition, held at Quail Hollow Club in Charlotte, North Carolina, from September 22–25, 2022. This was Quail Hollow's first time hosting the Presidents Cup. The matches were originally scheduled for fall 2021, but the Presidents Cup, the Ryder Cup, and other team golf events were delayed by a year due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The USA won the competition and retained the cup.
James A. Frost
James Arthur Frost (May 15, 1918 – March 16, 2017) was an American historian and university administrator who served as the vice-chancellor for the colleges of arts and science at the State University of New York and as president of the Connecticut State University System. He received his B.A., M.A. and Ph.D. degrees from Columbia University. He taught at the University of New York College-Oneonta, and was the author of several books and many articles.

Central Connecticut State University
Central Connecticut State University (Central Connecticut, CCSU, Central Connecticut State, or informally Central) is a public university in New Britain, Connecticut. Founded in 1849 as the State Normal School, CCSU is Connecticut's oldest publicly-funded university. It is made up of four schools: the Ammon College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences; the School of Business; the School of Education and Professional Studies; and the School of Engineering, Science, and Technology. As of Spring 2022, the university was attended by 8,898 students: 7,054 undergraduate students and 1,844 graduate students. More than half of students live off campus and 96 percent are Connecticut residents. The school is part of the Connecticut State Colleges & Universities system (CSCU), which also oversees Eastern, Western, and Southern Connecticut State Universities.
Northeast Coast campaign (1747)
The Northeast Coast campaign of 1747 was conducted by the Wabanaki Confederacy of Acadia against the New England settlements along the coast of present-day Maine below the Kennebec River, the former border of Acadia. It took place from July until September 1747, and formed part of King George's War. The Wabanaki carried out 11 raids on English settlements on the coast between Berwick and St. Georges, with every town on the frontier being attacked. Casco (also known as Falmouth and Portland) was the principal settlement.

Thomaston, Maine
Thomaston, formerly known as Fort St. Georges, Fort Wharf, and Lincoln, is a town in Knox County, Maine, United States. The population was 2,739 at the 2020 census. Noted for its antique architecture, Thomaston is an old port popular with tourists.  The town was named after Major General John Thomas.
Kings Throne Peak
Kings Throne Peak is a 1,990-metre (6,530-foot) mountain summit in the Dalton Range of the Saint Elias Mountains, in Kluane National Park of Yukon, Canada. The mountain is situated above the south shore of Kathleen Lake, 7.2 km (4 mi) southeast of Mount Worthington across the lake, and 27 km (17 mi) south-southeast of Haines Junction, Yukon. The mountain can be seen from the Haines Highway as it prominently rises 1,250-metre (4,100-foot) above the lake. The mountain's descriptive name comes from how it is shaped by a cirque on the north aspect. A rock glacier descends from the cirque to the lake. A steep five kilometre trail provides access to the amphitheatre, and an additional three kilometres on a beaten path reaches the summit via the east ridge. Based on the Köppen climate classification, Kings Throne Peak is located in a subarctic climate zone with long, cold, snowy winters, and mild summers.

Saint Elias Mountains
The Saint Elias Mountains (French: Chaîne Saint-Élie) are a subgroup of the Pacific Coast Ranges, located in southeastern Alaska in the United States, southwestern Yukon and the very far northwestern part of British Columbia in Canada. The range spans Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve in the United States and Kluane National Park and Reserve in Canada and includes all of Glacier Bay National Park in Alaska. In Alaska, the range includes parts of the city/borough of Yakutat and the Hoonah-Angoon, Copper River and Chugach census areas.

This mountain range is named after Mount Saint Elias, which in turn was named in 1741 by the Danish-born Russian explorer Vitus Bering.
Hamakor (band)
Hamakor (Hebrew: המקור, "the source"; often typeset as haMakor and häMAKOR) was an Israeli Jewish rock band from Mevo Modi'im. They were formed in 2006 by lead singer Nachman Solomon and released two albums, The Source (2007) and World On Its Side (2010). The group's fluctuating lineup at different times included musicians like Bruce Burger, Chemy Soibelman, and Mendy Portnoy, and members would go on to participate in groups like G-Nome Project, Shlomit & RebbeSoul, and Zusha.

Disco Biscuits
The Disco Biscuits are an American jam band from Philadelphia. The band consists of Marc "Brownie" Brownstein (bass guitar, vocals), Jon "The Barber" Gutwillig (guitar, vocals), Aron Magner (keyboards, synths, vocals), and Marlon B. Lewis (drums). The band incorporates elements from a variety of musical genres with a base of electronic and rock. Their style has been described as trance fusion.
Paulus Manker
Paulus Manker (born 25 January 1958) is an Austrian film director and actor, as well as an author and screenplay writer.

Manker is considered one of the most maverick German-speaking actors, and polarizes public opinion like scarcely no other. He is perceived as a "staggering all-round talent on the Austrian cultural scene."

Michael Glawogger
Michael Glawogger (3 December 1959 – 23 April 2014) was an Austrian film director, screenwriter and cinematographer, born in Graz.

From 1981 to 1982, Glawogger studied at the San Francisco Art Institute, and from 1983 to 1989 at the Vienna Film Academy. Like fellow Austrian director Ulrich Seidl, with whom he collaborated several times, he was mainly known for his documentary films, such as Megacities (1998), Workingman's Death (2005) and Whores' Glory (2011). In 2008 he was a member of the jury at the 30th Moscow International Film Festival.
Breadalbane, New South Wales
Breadalbane (/brəˈdɔːlbən/) is a small village located in the Southern Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia in Upper Lachlan Shire. It is located on the Lachlan River headwaters and not far from Goulburn. At the 2021 census, Breadalbane had a population of 107.

Upper Lachlan Shire
Upper Lachlan Shire is a local government area in the Southern Tablelands region of New South Wales, Australia. The Shire was formed in February 2004 from Crookwell Shire and parts of Mulwaree, Gunning and Yass Shires.

The mayor of Upper Lachlan Shire Council is Cr. Paul Culhane, an unaligned politician.
Civil parishes in South Yorkshire
A civil parish is a country subdivision, forming the lowest unit of local government in England. There are 94 civil parishes in the ceremonial county of South Yorkshire, most of the county being unparished.  At the 2001 census, there were 360,191 people living in the parishes, increasing to 369,220 in 2011, accounting for 27.5 per cent of the county's population.

Municipal borough
A municipal borough was a type of local government district which existed in England and Wales between 1836 and 1974, in Northern Ireland from 1840 to 1973 and in the Republic of Ireland from 1840 to 2002. Broadly similar structures existed in Scotland from 1833 to 1975 with the reform of royal burghs and creation of police burghs.
Chloroacetic acids
In organic chemistry, the chloroacetic acids (systematic name chloroethanoic acids) are three related chlorocarbon carboxylic acids (and thus haloacetic acids):

Chloroacetic acid (chloroethanoic acid), CH2ClCOOH

Dichloroacetic acid (dichloroethanoic acid; bichloroacetic acid, BCA), CHCl2COOH

Trichloroacetic acid (trichloroethanoic acid), CCl3COOH

Haloacetic acids
Haloacetic acids or HAAs are carboxylic acids in which one or more halogen atoms take the place of hydrogen atoms in the methyl group of acetic acid. In a monohaloacetic acid, a single halogen replaces a hydrogen atom: for example, in bromoacetic acid. Further substitution of hydrogen atoms with halogens can occur, as in dichloroacetic acid and trichloroacetic acid.

Haloacetic acids are a common contaminant in treated drinking water, particularly water subjected to chlorination.
Tân An province
Tân An is a former province of South Vietnam. It was established in December 1889 when Gia Định province was split to four smaller provinces. In October 1956 it was merged with Chợ Lớn province (except Trung Quận district, which is Bình Chánh nowadays) to establish Long An province.

Now Tân An is only known as the capital city of Long An province.

Chợ Lớn province
Chợ Lớn (listenⓘ) was former province of South Vietnam. It was established in December 1899 when Gia Định province was split to four smaller provinces. In 1901 its population was 184,151, 1916 census was 212,536, and February 15, 1920, census was 205,657.

In 1940 it had 4 districts: Đức Hòa, Cần Giuộc, Cần Đước and Trung Quận.
On June 27, 1951, it was merged with Bà Rịa province to form Chợ Lớn-Bà Rịa province.

Later Cần Giuộc, Bến Lức and Đức Hòa districts were merged to Long An province. Bình Chánh District (formerly known as Trung Quận) was merged to Gia Định province and lately was belong to Saigon.
Urban Species
Urban Species is a British hip-hop band, best known for several hit singles during the 1990s. The band's music draws on a diverse range of influences (including reggae, blues, funk, dub, jazz, ragga and acoustic folk) and combines live playing with samples and programming, resulting in an organic sound that has sometimes been compared to a British version of Arrested Development. The band's music is frequently associated with the acid jazz movement of the mid-1990s.

Urban Species' consistent core figure and effective leader has been Peter "Mintos" Akinrinlola, but the band's line-up has at various times included other producers and rappers plus many of the best musicians from the London funk and jazz-funk scenes. The band is also known for collaborations, most notably with MC Solaar, Terry Callier and Imogen Heap.

Young Disciples
Young Disciples was a British-American acid jazz band, formed in London in 1990 by Carleen Anderson (vocals and keyboards), Marco Nelson (bass, guitar and organ) and Femi Williams (percussion and programming).

Their most notable hit was the single "Apparently Nothin'" (Talkin' Loud, 1991), which helped launch Anderson's solo career when the band disbanded.
John D. Jones (pilot boat)
The John D. Jones was a 19th-century Sandy Hook pilot boat, built in 1859 at the Van Deusen shipyard in East River for a company of New York Sandy Hook pilots. She was one of the finest vessels of her class. She was replaced by the pilot-boat Widgeon, when the Jones sank in a collision with the steamer City of Washington in 1871.

Pilot boat
A pilot boat is a type of boat used to transport maritime pilots between land and the inbound or outbound ships that they are piloting. Pilot boats were once sailing boats that had to be fast because the first pilot to reach the incoming ship got the business. Today, pilot boats are scheduled by telephoning the ship agents/representatives prior to arrival.
1988 Greek Super Cup
The 1988 Greek Super Cup was the 3rd edition of the Greek Super Cup, an association football match contested by the winners of the previous season's Alpha Ethniki and Greek Cup competitions. The match took place on 24 August 1988 at the Athens Olympic Stadium. The contesting teams were the 1987–88 Alpha Ethniki champions, AEL and the 1987–88 Greek Cup winners, Panathinaikos.

Greek Football Super Cup
The Greek Football Super Cup (Greek: Σούπερ Καπ Ελλάδος Ποδοσφαίρου), formerly known as Friendship and Solidarity Cup (Greek: Κύπελλο Φιλίας και Αλληλεγγύης) and now officially known as Betsson Super Cup (Greek: Betsson Σούπερ Καπ) for sponsorship reasons  is a Greek association football one-match competition, which is contested annually between the champions of the previous Super League Greece season and the holders of the Greek Cup.
Norath
Norath is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis (district) in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde Hunsrück-Mittelrhein, whose seat is in Emmelshausen.

Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis
Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis is a district (German: Kreis) in the middle of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. The neighbouring districts are (from north clockwise) Mayen-Koblenz, Rhein-Lahn, Mainz-Bingen, Bad Kreuznach, Birkenfeld, Bernkastel-Wittlich, Cochem-Zell.