hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
(470599) 2008 OG19
(470599) 2008 OG19 (provisional designation 2008 OG19) is a trans-Neptunian object located in the scattered disc. It was discovered on 30 July 2008 through the Palomar Observatory. It displays a large light curve amplitude of 0.437±0.011 magnitudes, implying that it is highly elongated in shape, similar to 20000 Varuna. Based on models for its light curve amplitude, they obtained an approximate density of 0.609 g/cm3 and aspect ratios of b/a = 0.513 and c/a = 0.39.

2008 OG19 has not yet been imaged by high-resolution telescopes, so it has no known moons. The Hubble Space Telescope is planned to image it in 2026, which should determine if it has significantly sized moons.

Aspect ratio
The aspect ratio of a geometric shape is the ratio of its sizes in different dimensions. For example, the aspect ratio of a rectangle is the ratio of its longer side to its shorter side—the ratio of width to height, when the rectangle is oriented as a "landscape".

The aspect ratio is most often expressed as two integer numbers separated by a colon (x:y), less commonly as a simple or decimal fraction. The values x and y do not represent actual widths and heights but, rather, the proportion between width and height. As an example, 8:5, 16:10, 1.6:1, 8⁄5 and 1.6 are all ways of representing the same aspect ratio.

In objects of more than two dimensions, such as hyperrectangles, the aspect ratio can still be defined as the ratio of the longest side to the shortest side.
Controlling interest
A controlling interest is an ownership interest in a corporation with enough voting stock shares to prevail in any stockholders' motion. A majority of voting shares (over 50%) is always a controlling interest. When a party holds less than the majority of the voting shares, other present circumstances can be considered to determine whether that party is still considered to hold a controlling ownership interest.

In the United States, Delaware corporations have a 2/3 vote requirement for a motion to pass. In theory, this would mean that a controlling interest would have to be over two-thirds of the voting shares.

A 2019 study published in the Virginia Law Review said dual-class stock structures, common to newly public technology companies, creates governance risks and costs, including the potential loss of economic value for non-voting shares held by public investors.

Share capital
A corporation's share capital, commonly referred to as capital stock in the United States, is the portion of a corporation's equity that has been derived by the issue of shares in the corporation to a shareholder, usually for cash.
Apple FileWare
FileWare floppy disk drives and diskettes were designed by Apple Computer as a higher-performance alternative to the Disk II and Disk III floppy systems used on the Apple II and Apple III personal computers, though it only ended up being used in the original Apple Lisa.  The drive is named Apple 871 in service documentation, based on its approximate formatted storage capacity in kilobytes, but is most commonly known by their codename Twiggy, after the famously thin 1960s fashion model named Twiggy.

Kilobyte
The kilobyte is a multiple of the unit byte for digital information.

The International System of Units (SI) defines the prefix kilo as a multiplication factor of 1000 (103); therefore, one kilobyte is 1000 bytes. The internationally recommended unit symbol for the kilobyte is kB.

In some areas of information technology, particularly in reference to random-access memory capacity, kilobyte instead often refers to 1024 (210) bytes. This arises from the prevalence of sizes that are powers of two in modern digital memory architectures, coupled with the coincidence that 210 differs from 103 by less than 2.5%.

The kibibyte is defined as 1024 bytes, avoiding the ambiguity issues of the kilobyte.
Restoration Army of Peru
The Army of the North of Peru or Restoration Army of Peru was the army of the Northern Peruvian Republic that was made up of Peruvians opposed to the establishment of the Peru–Bolivian Confederation, who accused Bolivian President Andrés de Santa Cruz of having invaded and divided Peru with the support of Peruvian President Luis José de Orbegoso whom his opponents did not recognize as legitimate. It later merged with the Chilean Army to form the United Restoration Army. The goal of the army was to restore the united Peruvian state prior to the establishment of the Confederation.

The first person to use the name was General Felipe Santiago Salaverry during the war against Santa Cruz and Orbegoso. Upon his defeat and death, the command passed to Marshal Agustín Gamarra, with the title of Provisional President of the Peruvian Republic.

Luis José de Orbegoso
Luis José de Orbegoso y Moncada-Galindo, de Burutarán y Morales (August 25, 1795 – February 5, 1847), was an aristocratic Peruvian soldier and politician, who served as the 5th President of Peru as well as the first President of North Peru. He supported liberalism. This was a time of profound social instability and continuing civil war which led his government to coexist with that of Pedro Pablo Bermúdez, and later with Felipe Santiago Salaverry.
Parachute cord
Parachute cord (also paracord or 550 cord when referring to type-III paracord) is a lightweight nylon kernmantle rope originally used in the suspension lines of parachutes, but now used as a general purpose utility cord.

The braided sheath is usually made up of 32 interwoven strands, giving it a relatively smooth texture. The all-nylon construction makes paracord somewhat elastic.

Current technical standards for the manufacture of cord for use in parachutes are published by the Parachute Industry Association. The now inactivated US military standard MIL-C-5040H required the material to be nylon. Similar styles of cord are manufactured with other materials such as polyester.

Parachute Industry Association
The Parachute Industry Association (PIA) is a business association which seeks to advance and promote the growth, development, training, and safety of military, commercial, and sport parachutes. It consists of more than 210 companies united by a common desire to improve business opportunities in this segment of aviation. The PIA is a nonprofit organization governed by an elected Board. The Parachute Industry Association was founded in January 1977 as the Parachute Equipment Industry Association.
Petter Menning
Petter Menning (né Öström on 8 August 1987) is a Swedish sprint canoeist. He won the gold medal in the men's K-1 200 metres at the European Championships. Later in 2013, he won the world title in the same event. He was named Swedish Kayaker of the Year in 2013 and 2014. Menning placed tenth over K-1 200 m at the 2016 Olympics and at the 2020 Olympics he placed sixth over the same distance.

Canoeing at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Men's K-1 200 metres
The men's canoe sprint K-1 200 metres at the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro took place between 19 and 20 August at Lagoa Stadium. The medals were presented by José Perurena López, IOC member, Spain and Frank Garner, Board Member of the ICF.
Dragonar Academy
Dragonar Academy (Japanese: 星刻(せいこく)の竜騎士(ドラグナー), Hepburn: Seikoku no Doragunā; lit. "Star-Marked Dragonar") is a Japanese light novel series written by Shiki Mizuchi, illustrated by Kohada Shimesaba, and published by Media Factory under the MF Bunko J imprint. The first volume was released on June 25, 2010, with a total of 20 volumes available in Japan so far. A manga adaptation by the illustrator, Ran, began serialization in Monthly Comic Alive during its June 2011 issue. It was one of five MF Bunko J light novel anime adaptations announced at Media Factory's Summer School Festival event on July 28, 2013. It has been licensed for North America by Funimation.

Takehito Koyasu
Takehito Koyasu (子安 武人, Koyasu Takehito; born May 5, 1967) is a Japanese voice actor from Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. He is affiliated with and representative of T's Factory, a voice acting agency he founded in October 1998. His son Kōki Koyasu (子安 光樹, Koyasu Kōki) is also a voice actor. Koyasu has taken over many of the characters played by Kaneto Shiozawa after his death.
Fairground organ
A fairground organ is a mechanical organ covering the wind and percussive sections of an orchestra. Originating in Paris, France, these organs were designed for use in commercial fairground settings to provide loud music to accompany rides and attractions, mostly merry-go-rounds. Unlike organs for indoor use, fairground organs are designed to be loud enough to be heard above the noises of crowds and fairground machinery.

Traveling carnival
A traveling carnival (American English), usually simply called a carnival, travelling funfair or travelling show (British English), is an amusement show that may be made up of amusement rides, food vendors, merchandise vendors, games of chance and skill, thrill acts, and animal acts. A traveling carnival is not set up at a permanent location, like an amusement park, but is moved from place to place. Its roots are similar to the 19th century circus with both being fitted-up in open fields near or in town and moving to a new location after a period of time. In fact, many carnivals have circuses while others have a clown aesthetic in their decor. Unlike traditional Carnival celebrations, the North American traveling carnival is not tied to a religious observance.
Jean-François Bedenik
Jean-François Bedenik (born 20 November 1978) is a French football coach and retired footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He is currently working at the academy of  AS Saint-Étienne as a goalkeeper coach.

Neuchâtel Xamax FCS
Neuchâtel Xamax Football Club Serrières (pronounced [nøʃɑtɛl ksamaks]) is a Swiss football club based in Neuchâtel. It was created in 1970 through a merger between FC Cantonal, founded in 1906 and Swiss champions of 1916, and FC Xamax founded in 1912. The name Xamax comes from legendary Swiss international player 'Xam' Max Abegglen, one of the founding members. Xamax Neuchâtel FCS obtained its current name after a merger with FC Serrières, another side from Neuchâtel, in May 2013.
Mosese Dawai
Mosese Dawai (born 29 June 1998) is a Fijian rugby union player who plays on the wing  for the Highlanders in Super Rugby. He was named in the Highlanders squad for the 2022 Super Rugby Pacific season. He was also a member of the Waikato 2021 Bunnings NPC squad.

2021 Bunnings NPC
The 2021 Bunnings NPC season was the 16th season of New Zealand's provincial rugby union competition since it turned professional in 2006. The regular season began on August 6, when Manawatu hosted Counties Manukau. It involved the top 14 rugby unions in New Zealand. For sponsorship reasons, the competition was known as the Bunnings NPC and it was the first season under the lead sponsor and to carry the NPC moniker since 2005. The winner of the Championship, Taranaki wasn't promoted to the Premiership due to a format restructure earlier in the season. Despite finishing seventh in the Premiership, Auckland was not relegated to the Championship, having only played two matches due to a resurgence of COVID-19 in the Auckland Region.
Missouri Route 88
Route 88 was a 6.8-mile-long (10.9 km) state highway located entirely within the city limits of Springfield. Its western terminus was at Sunshine Street (formerly US 60/US 160, now designated as Route 413). Its eastern terminus was at Glenstone Avenue (Business Loop 44 and also formerly designated as US 65 Business). It was a collection of older highways (mainly business routes) which were still under state maintenance.

Missouri Route 413
Route 413 is a highway in Missouri running between Route 13 in Springfield and Route 13 in Reeds Spring.  It is an older alignment of Route 13 which was later rerouted.  Except for two sections (in Springfield between Route 13 and US 60 and a 4-mile segment between US 60 and Route 265 southwest of Billings), the road runs concurrent with other designations for its entire length.
Hypogymnia diffractaica
Hypogymnia diffractaica is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Initially reported from Southwest China, it was described as a new species by Bruce McCune in 2003. The type specimen was collected in Jiulong County (Sichuan Province), at an elevation of 3,000 metres (9,800 ft). Here it was found growing on the bark and wood of Rhododendron; it has also been recorded on birch. It is characterized by its slender lobes, the rimmed holes on the lower surface, and the presence of the chemical diffractaic acid as the main secondary metabolite in the medulla. It has a lower surface that is expanded and puffed out. Hypogymnia hengduanensis, the only other Hypogymnia species containing diffractaic acid as the main medullary substance, is quite similar in appearance, but can be distinguished from H. diffractaica by the presence of isidia. It also tends to grow at slightly lower elevations.  In 2018, H. diffractaica was recorded from Bhutan.

Jiulong County
Gyaisi County (Tibetan: བརྒྱད་ཟིལ། / བརྒྱད་ཟུར།, Wylie: brgyad zil / brgyad zur), also Jiulong County (Chinese: 九龙县); is a county located in southeastern Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan province, China. It has a population of 52000, mainly Tibetans, Hans, and Yis.
Callistoctopus luteus
Callistoctopus luteus, the starry night octopus, is a species of octopus within the family Octopodidae. The species is found distributed in the Western Pacific near areas such as the Gulf of Thailand, Taiwan, Vietnam, the Philippines, Indonesia, Japan, Timor, and Hawaii, with the type locality coming from the Pescadore Islands of Taiwan. Habitats include sandy seafloors, seaweed, and rubble areas to forage for prey at depths up to 82 meters. The species is reddish brown in color with several white spots, with a max length of 70 cm, and a mantle length of 12.5 cm.

Rubble
Rubble is broken stone, of irregular size, shape and texture; undressed especially as a filling-in. Rubble naturally found in the soil is known also as 'brash' (compare cornbrash). Where present, it becomes more noticeable when the land is ploughed or worked.
Lundh
Lundh is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alexander Lundh (born 1986), Swedish motorcycle racer

Anna Lundh (born 1987), Swedish television personality, adventurer and model

Carl Lundh (1866–1942), Norwegian barrister

Charles Lundh (1856–1908), Norwegian painter

Daniel Lundh, Franco-Swedish actor and writer

Emma Lundh (born 1989), Swedish footballer

Fredrik Lundh Sammeli (born 1977), Swedish politician

Gregers Lundh (1786–1836), Norwegian military officer and academic

Henrik Lundh (1894–1985), Norwegian civil servant

Jonas Lundh (born 1965), Swedish abstract expressionist artist

Nils Lundh (1921–2005), Swedish ski jumper

Olof Lundh (born 1966), Swedish sports journalist

Patrik Lundh (born 1988), Swedish ice hockey player

Per Lundh (born 1958), Swedish sprint canoer

Stephan Lundh (born 1959), Swedish hockey coach

Yngve Lundh (1924–2017), Swedish cyclist

Charles Lundh
Charles Lundh (1856–1908) was a Norwegian painter who is remembered for joining the Skagen Painters, who had created an artists' colony at Skagen in the north of Jutland, Denmark towards the end of the 19th century. Lundh spent the summers of 1883 and 1889 in Skagen. During his first visit, he lived together with Christian Krohg and the Swedish painters Johan Krouthén and Oscar Björck in the house on Markvej which Michael Ancher and his wife Anna bought in 1884. Lundh became Helga Ancher's godfather at her Christening in October 1883.

In 1883, Lundh travelled to Persia, where he remained until his return to Skagen in 1888. There are, however, no records of his paintings from 1888. After his second stay in Skagen, he abandoned painting and turned to forestry.
Jim Casey (politician)
James "Jim" Casey is an American politician. He serves as a Republican member for the Addison-Rutland-1 district of the Vermont House of Representatives.

Casey hails from Hubbardton, Vermont. In the 2024 Vermont House of Representatives election he was elected unopposed.

Rutland County, Vermont
Rutland County is a county located in the U.S. state of Vermont. As of the 2020 census, the population was 60,572, making it the second-most populous county in Vermont. Its county seat and most populous municipality is the city of Rutland.
November 1891 East Sydney colonial by-election
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of East Sydney on 7 November 1891 because Edmund Barton (Protectionist) was appointed Attorney General in the third Dibbs ministry. Such ministerial by-elections were usually uncontested and the other seven other ministers, George Dibbs (The Murrumbidgee), Henry Copeland (New England), John Kidd (Camden), William Lyne (The Hume), John See (Grafton), Thomas Slattery (Boorowa) and Francis Suttor (Bathurst), were re-elected unopposed.

Electoral district of Boorowa
Boorowa was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian State of New South Wales from 1880 to 1904, including the town of Boorowa. Its name was spelt "Booroowa" from 1899 to 1901. It was abolished in the 1904 re-distribution of electorates following the 1903 New South Wales referendum, which required the number of members of the Legislative Assembly to be reduced from 125 to 90, and was largely absorbed by Yass, with the balance going to the new district of Burrangong.
International Near-Earth Asteroid Survey
The International Near-Earth Asteroid Survey (INAS) was an astronomical survey, organized and co-ordinated by prolific American astronomer Eleanor Helin during the 1980s. It is considered to be the international extension of the Planet-Crossing Asteroid Survey (PCAS). While PCAS operated exclusively from the U.S. Palomar Observatory in California, INAS attempted to encourage and stimulate worldwide interest in asteroids, and to expand the sky coverage and the discovery and recovery of near-Earth objects around the world.

The IAU's Minor Planet Center credits INAS with the discovery of 8 minor planets in 1986 (compared to 20 discoveries made by PCAS during 1993–1994). One of the discoveries was the 7-kilometer sized main-belt asteroid 4121 Carlin.

Palomar Observatory
The Palomar Observatory is an astronomical research observatory in the Palomar Mountains of San Diego County, California, United States. It is owned and operated by the California Institute of Technology (Caltech). Research time at the observatory is granted to Caltech and its research partners, which include the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Yale University, and the National Astronomical Observatories of China.

The observatory operates several telescopes, including the 200-inch (5.1 m) Hale Telescope, the 48-inch (1.2 m) Samuel Oschin telescope (dedicated to the Zwicky Transient Facility, ZTF), the Palomar 60-inch (1.5 m) Telescope, and the 30-centimetre (12-inch) Gattini-IR telescope. Decommissioned instruments include the Palomar Testbed Interferometer and the first telescopes at the observatory, an 18-inch (46 cm) Schmidt camera from 1936.
2011 Volleyball Copa Latina
The 2011 Copa Latina was the third edition of the annual women's volleyball tournament, organized by the Peruvian Volleyball Federation and Frecuencia Latina, played by four countries from May 27-30, 2011 in Coliseo Miguel Grau at Callao, Peru.

Peruvian Volleyball Federation
The Peruvian Volleyball Federation (Spanish: Federación Peruana de Voleibol, FPV) is the governing body of volleyball and beach volleyball in Peru. Formed February 24th, 1942, its headquarters are in the capital city of Lima. The FPV is a member of the International Volleyball Federation (FIVB) and the South American Volleyball Confederation (CSV) and it is affiliated to the Instituto Peruano del Deporte IPD (Spanish for Peruvian Sports Institute) and the Peruvian Olympic Committee.

It organizes both the men's and women's Liga Nacional Superior de Voleibol (Spanish for Senior National Volleyball League), which are the top level's volleyball competition in Peru. It also organizes international cups which are registered at the FIVB such as the Copa Latina. The organization also administrates the Peru men's national volleyball team and the Peru women's national volleyball team.
Nikonov
Nikonov (Russian: Никонов) and Nikonova (Russian: Никонова) are masculine and feminine forms of a common Russian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alexander Nikonov (1893–1937), a Soviet military leader

Gennadiy Nikonov (1950–2003), a Russian gun engineer

Pavel Nikonov (1930–2025), a Russian painter and graphic artist

Vadim Nikonov (b. 1948), a Soviet football player and coach

Vyacheslav Nikonov (b. 1956), a Russian political scientist

Yevgeny Nikonov (1920–1941), a Russian war hero

Angelina Nikonova (b. 1976), a Russian filmmaker, script writer and film producer

Elena Nikonova, a Russian pair skater

Matrona Nikonova (1881–1952), a canonized saint of the Russian Orthodox Church

Ry Nikonova (1942–2014), Russian artist, poet, and writer

Valentina Nikonova (b. 1952), a Soviet fencer

Yevgeniya Nikonova (b. 1970), a Russian basketball player

Yevgeny Nikonov
Yevgeny Alexandrovich Nikonov (Russian: Евге́ний Алекса́ндрович Ни́конов; 18 December 1920 – 19 August 1941, in Harku, Soviet Union) was a Russian sailor during the Soviet defense of Estonia in 1941. He is a holder of the Hero of the Soviet Union, the Soviet Union's highest award.
Boot Heel volcanic field
The Boot Heel volcanic field is located in the Bootheel region of southwest New Mexico, adjacent areas of southeastern Arizona, and northwest Mexico. The field covers an area of more than 24,000 km2. The field includes nine volcanic calderas ranging in age from 26.9 to 35.3 Ma. Extrusive products include rhyolitic ignimbrites along with basalt, andesite, and rhyolite lava flows. The major ash flow tuff sheets produced, range in volume from 35 to 650 km3.

Activity throughout most of the Boot Heel volcanic field paused between 33 and 28 million years ago. The earlier pulse of activity involved less evolved magmas, while the later pulse was relatively depleted in volatiles. The pause in activity has been interpreted as a period of tectonic reorganization along the west coast of North America, including the birth of the San Andreas Fault, that temporarily shifted volcanism to the east.

The field includes the Geronimo-Animas volcanic field and the Palomas volcanic field.

Volatile (astrogeology)
Volatiles are the group of chemical elements and chemical compounds that can be readily vaporized. In contrast with volatiles, elements and compounds that are not readily vaporized are known as refractory substances.

On planet Earth, the term often refers to the volatile components of magma. In astrogeology, volatiles are investigated in the crust or atmosphere of a planet or moon. Volatiles include hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, water, ammonia, methane, carbon dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, phosphine, halogens, noble gases and others.
Vytautas Paliūnas
Vytautas Paliūnas (1930–2005) was a Lithuanian politician.  In 1990, he was among those who signed the Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania.

Paliūnas graduated from high school in Kėdainiai in 1949, and the Kaunas Polytechnic Institute in 1954.  After graduation, he worked as an assistant at the Department of Hydrotechnology and studied as a postgraduate student at the VODGEO Institute of Science in Moscow.

From 1990 to 1992, he served as a member of the board of the Lithuanian Radio and Television.

Kaunas University of Technology
The Kaunas University of Technology (abbreviated as KTU, Lithuanian: Kauno technologijos universitetas) is a public research university located in Kaunas, Lithuania. Established in 1922, KTU has been seen as one of Lithuania's top science education centers. In 2021, KTU was ranked the second-best university in Lithuania.