hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Comet Pajdušáková
Comet Pajdušáková or Pajdušáková's Comet, is the name of five comets discovered or co-discovered between 1946 and 1953 by the Czech astronomer, Ludmila Pajdusakova, below:

45P/Honda–Mrkos–Pajdušáková

C/1946 K1 (Pajdušáková–Rotbart–Weber)

C/1948 E1 (Pajdušáková–Mrkos)

C/1951 C1 (Pajdušáková)

C/1953 X1 (Pajdušáková)

C/1951 C1 (Pajdušáková)
Comet Pajdušáková, formally designated as C/1951 C1, is a faint non-periodic comet that appeared between February and May 1951. It was the fourth comet discovered overall by the Czech astronomer, Ludmila Pajdušáková, and the first one she had discovered independently.
Flim Flam (horse)
Flim Flam (March 27, 1987–October 28, 2004) was a Hanoverian dressage horse who, along with rider Sue Blinks, competed for the United States at the 2000 Olympics.  The pair was eighth in the individual competition and was part of the bronze medal-winning US team. Flim Flam was sired by the stallion Wilhelm Tell I, out of the mare, Cilia.

Stallion
A stallion is an adult male horse that has not been gelded (castrated). Stallions follow the conformation and phenotype of their breed, but within that standard, the presence of hormones such as testosterone may give stallions a thicker, "cresty" neck, as well as a somewhat more muscular physique as compared to female horses, known as mares, and castrated males, called geldings.

Temperament varies widely based on genetics and training, but because of their instincts as herd animals, they may be prone to aggressive behavior, particularly toward other stallions, and thus require careful management by knowledgeable handlers. With proper training and management, stallions are effective equine athletes at the highest levels of many disciplines, including horse racing, horse shows, and international Olympic competition.

"Stallion" is also used to refer to males of other equids, including zebras and donkeys.
MyMichigan Medical Center Midland
MyMichigan Medical Center Midland is a 324-bed, non-profit hospital in Midland, Michigan. It is a member of MyMichigan Health, an integrated health delivery system affiliated with Michigan Medicine, the health care division of the University of Michigan. The medical center serves as a clinical site for medical students from Michigan State University - College of Human Medicine, Central Michigan University, and MidMichigan Community College nursing students. A family medicine residency program is affiliated with Michigan State University.

MyMichigan Health
MyMichigan Health is an American non-profit health system, headquartered in Midland, Michigan, affiliated with Michigan Medicine, the health care division of the University of Michigan. MyMichigan Health covers a 23-county region with medical centers in Alma, Alpena, Clare, Gladwin, Midland, Mt. Pleasant, Saginaw, Sault Ste. Marie, and West Branch.

In addition to its medical centers, MyMichigan Health also offers both home health care and physician services, and has a strong commitment to medical education. MyMichigan Physicians Group provides urgent care and medical offices in more than 30 specialties and subspecialties. The MyMichigan Health Foundation supports patients and families served by MyMichigan Health by raising funds for equipment, services and programs. As of August, 2023 MyMichigan Health has more than 10,180 employees, volunteers and physicians.
The Story of Papirius
The Story of Papirius is an oil painting on panel executed c. 1525–1530 by the Italian Renaissance painter Domenico Beccafumi. it is now in the National Gallery, London, to which it was presented by George Salting in 1894.

It shows the boy Papirius brought to the Roman senate by his father, under oath not to reveal the content of the debate. Returning home, he was questioned by his mother (the second scene in the work) and lied to her saying that the senate had discussed allowing men to have two wives and women to have two husbands. She then led Rome's women to the senate the following day to support such a motion, leaving their members confused until Papirius intervened to reveal the background (central scene). The work's Roman setting is suggested by the inclusion of the Colosseum and Castel Sant'Angelo.

George Salting
George Salting (15 August 1835 – 12 December 1909) was a Colony of New South Wales-born British art collector. He had inherited considerable wealth from his father; Salting collected paintings, Chinese porcelains, furniture, and many other categories of art and decorative items. He left his paintings to the National Gallery, London, prints and drawings to the British Museum, and the remainder to the Victoria & Albert Museum, requesting that the collection be displayed intact rather than divided among the museum's departments.
Bvckup 2
Bvckup 2 is a backup software for the Windows NT family, developed by Swiss-based IO Bureau SA. It replicates files from one location to another in their original format and uses delta copying to speed up its operation. The program supports scheduling, removable device tracking, using Shadow Copy service to transfer open or locked files, move and renaming detection, security attribute cloning, and email alerts.

Shadow Copy
Shadow Copy (also known as Volume Snapshot Service, Volume Shadow Copy Service or VSS) is a technology included in Microsoft Windows that can create backup copies or snapshots of computer files or volumes, even when they are in use. It is implemented as a Windows service called the Volume Shadow Copy service. A software VSS provider service is also included as part of Windows to be used by Windows applications. Shadow Copy technology requires either the Windows NTFS or ReFS filesystems in order to create and store shadow copies. Shadow Copies can be created on local and external (removable or network) volumes by any Windows component that uses this technology, such as when creating a scheduled Windows Backup or automatic System Restore point.
Fukuoka Jo Gakuin University
Fukuoka Jo Gakuin University (福岡女学院大学, Fukuoka jo gakuin daigaku) is a private women's college in Minami-ku, Fukuoka, Japan. The predecessor of the school was founded in 1885 by American Methodist Missionary Jean "Jennie" Margaret Gheer. It was chartered as a junior women's college in 1964, and it became a four-year college in 1990.

Women's college
Women's colleges in higher education are undergraduate, bachelor's degree-granting institutions, often liberal arts colleges, whose student populations are composed exclusively or almost exclusively of women. Some women's colleges admit male students to their graduate schools or in smaller numbers to undergraduate programs, but all serve a primarily female student body.
How Europe Underdeveloped Africa
How Europe Underdeveloped Africa is a 1972 book written by Walter Rodney that describes how Africa was deliberately exploited and underdeveloped by European colonial regimes. One of his main arguments throughout the book is that Africa developed Europe at the same rate that Europe underdeveloped Africa.

Rodney argues that a combination of power politics and economic exploitation of Africa by Europeans led to the poor state of African political and economic development evident in the late 20th century. Though, he did not intend "to remove the ultimate responsibility for development from the shoulders of Africans... [He believes that] every African has a responsibility to understand the [capitalist] system and work for its overthrow."

This book, along with Frantz Fanon's The Wretched of the Earth, is a popular example of 20th century books concerning African development and post-colonial theory.

Postcolonialism
Postcolonialism is the academic study of the cultural, political and economic consequences of colonialism and imperialism, focusing on the impact of human control and exploitation of colonized people and their lands. The field started to emerge in the 1960s, as scholars from previously colonized countries began publishing on the lingering effects of colonialism, developing an analysis of the history, culture, literature, and discourse of imperial power. It is part of the critical theory framework in broader sense, and more narrowly, critical race theory.
Todd Banfield
Todd Banfield (born 28 June 1990) is an Australian rules football player who played in the Australian Football League (AFL). Banfield played 53 games for the Brisbane Lions between 2010 and 2013 and joined Richmond in 2014, before being delisted after one season.

He was selected with the Brisbane Lions' third selection (pick 41 overall) in the 2008 National Draft. He was recruited from Swan Districts in the West Australian Football League (WAFL).

2008 AFL draft
The 2008 AFL draft consisted of four opportunities for player acquisitions during the 2008/09 Australian Football League off-season. These were trade week (held between 6 October and 10 October), the national draft (held on 29 November), the pre-season draft (16 December) and the rookie draft (16 December). It was considered to be the last uncompromised draft before the draft concessions given to the Gold Coast and Greater Western Sydney expansion teams restrict the existing AFL clubs' access to the best young players in the future years drafts.
N-acyl-D-amino-acid deacylase
In enzymology, a N-acyl-D-amino-acid deacylase (EC 3.5.1.81) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

N-acyl-D-amino acid + H2O  an acid + D-amino acid

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are N-acyl-D-amino acid and H2O, whereas its two products are acid and D-amino acid.

This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, those acting on carbon-nitrogen bonds other than peptide bonds, specifically in linear amides.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is N-acyl-D-amino acid amidohydrolase. It employs one cofactor, zinc.

D-Amino acid
D-Amino acids are amino acids where the stereogenic carbon alpha to the amino group has the D-configuration.  For most naturally occurring amino acids, this carbon has the L-configuration.  D-Amino acids are occasionally found in nature as residues in proteins.  They are formed from ribosomally derived D-amino acid residues.

Amino acids, as components of peptides, peptide hormones, structural and immune proteins, are the most important bioregulators involved in all life processes along with nucleic acids, carbohydrates and lipids. "Environmental ᴅ-amino acids are thought to be derived from organic diagenesis such as racemization and release from bacterial cell walls and even from microbial production."
Moriago della Battaglia
Moriago della Battaglia is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Treviso in the Italian region Veneto, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) northwest of Venice and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northwest of Treviso.

Moriago della Battaglia borders the following municipalities: Crocetta del Montello, Farra di Soligo, Sernaglia della Battaglia, Vidor, Volpago del Montello. The town takes its name from the position it had during World War I, when it was on the front of the Battle of the Piave.

Treviso
Treviso (US: /treɪˈviːzoʊ/ tray-VEE-zoh; Italian: [treˈviːzo] ⓘ; Venetian: Trevixo [tɾeˈvizo]) is a city and comune (municipality) in the Veneto region of northern Italy. It is the capital of the province of Treviso and the municipality has 87,322 inhabitants (as of December 2024). Some 3,000 live within the Venetian walls (le Mura) or in the historical and monumental center; some 80,000 live in the urban center while the city hinterland has a population of approximately 170,000.

The province is home to the headquarters of clothing retailer Benetton, Sisley, Stefanel, Geox, Diadora and Lotto Sport Italia, appliance maker De'Longhi, and bicycle maker Pinarello.

Treviso is also known for being the original production area of Prosecco wine and radicchio, and is thought to have been the origin of the popular Italian dessert tiramisù.
2010 French Open – Legends under 45 doubles
Paul Haarhuis and Cédric Pioline were the defending champion, but Haarhuis did not play this year.Pioline partnered up with Arnaud Boetsch, but they were eliminated by Goran Ivanišević and Michael Stich in the round-robin stage.Yevgeny Kafelnikov and Andriy Medvedev won in the final 6–1, 6–1 against Ivanisevic and Stich.

Arnaud Boetsch
Arnaud Benjamin Boetsch (French: [aʁno bœtʃ]; born 1 April 1969) is a French former tennis player who turned professional in 1987. Known for his stylish single-handed backhand, he won three career titles, reaching his highest ATP singles ranking of world No. 12 in April 1996.
Touchstone (metaphor)
As a metaphor, a touchstone is any physical or intellectual measure by which the validity or merit of a concept can be tested. It is similar in use to an acid test, or a litmus test in politics.

The word was introduced into literary criticism by Matthew Arnold in "Preface to the volume of 1853 poems" (1853) to denote short but distinctive passages, selected from the writings of the greatest poets, which he used to determine the relative value of passages or poems which are compared to them. Arnold proposed this method of evaluation as a corrective for what he called the "fallacious" estimates of poems according to their "historic" importance in the development of literature, or else according to their "personal" appeal to an individual critic.

Litmus test (politics)
In politics, a litmus test is a question asked of a potential candidate for high office, the answer to which would determine whether the nominating official would proceed with the appointment or nomination. The expression is a metaphor based on the litmus test in chemistry, in which one is able to test the general acidity of a substance, but not its exact pH. Those who must approve a nominee may also be said to apply a litmus test to determine whether the nominee will receive their vote. In these contexts, the phrase comes up most often with respect to nominations to the judiciary.
JWH-098
JWH-098 is a synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist from the naphthoylindole family. It is the indole 2-methyl derivative of a closely related compound JWH-081, but has markedly different affinity for the CB1 and CB2 receptors. While JWH-081 is around tenfold selective for CB1 over CB2, in JWH-098 this is reversed, and it is around four times weaker than JWH-081 at CB1 while being six times more potent at CB2, giving it a slight selectivity for CB2 overall. This makes JWH-098 a good example of how methylation of the indole 2-position in the naphthoylindole series tends to increase CB2 affinity, but often at the expense of CB1 binding.

Cannabinoid receptor 1
Cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1), is a G protein-coupled cannabinoid receptor that in humans is encoded by the CNR1 gene. It was discovered by determination and characterization in 1988, and cloned in 1990 for the first time. The human CB1 receptor is expressed in the peripheral nervous system and central nervous system. It is activated by endogenous cannabinoids called endocannabinoids, a group of retrograde neurotransmitters that include lipids, such as anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol; plant phytocannabinoids, such as docosatetraenoylethanolamide found in wild dagga, the compound tetrahydrocannabinol which is an active constituent of the psychoactive drug cannabis; and synthetic analogs of tetrahydrocannabinol. CB1 is antagonized by the phytocannabinoid tetrahydrocannabivarin at low doses and at higher doses, it activates the CB1 receptor as an agonist, but with less potency than tetrahydrocannabinol.

The primary endogenous agonist of the human CB1 receptor is anandamide.
Themis Nunatak
Themis Nunatak (71°37′S 69°6′W﻿ / ﻿71.617°S 69.100°W﻿ / -71.617; -69.100) is a very large, flat-topped nunatak lying 6 nautical miles (11 km) west-southwest of Mount Umbriel in the southern portion of Alexander Island, Antarctica. The nunatak was first mapped from trimetrogon air photography taken by Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition in 1947–48, and from survey by Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey in 1948–50. Named by United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee in association with nearby Saturn Glacier, Themis being one of the satellites of the planet Saturn, the sixth planet of the Solar System.

Themis
In Greek mythology and religion, Themis (/ˈθiːmɪs/; Ancient Greek: Θέμις, romanized: Themis, lit. 'justice, law, custom') is the goddess and personification of justice, divine order, law, and custom. She is one of the twelve Titan children of Gaia and Uranus, and the second wife of Zeus. She is associated with oracles and prophecies, including the Oracle of Delphi.
Pennsylvania Route 85
Pennsylvania Route 85 (PA 85) is a 24-mile-long (39 km) east–west state highway located in western Pennsylvania. The western terminus of the route is at Pennsylvania Route 28 and Pennsylvania Route 66 east of Kittanning. The eastern terminus is at U.S. Route 119 in Home.

Kittanning, Pennsylvania
Kittanning (/kɪˈtænɪŋ/ ki-TAN-ing) is a borough in Armstrong County, Pennsylvania, United States, and its county seat. It is situated 36 miles (58 km) northeast of Pittsburgh, along the east bank of the Allegheny River. The population was 3,921 at the 2020 census.

The name is derived from Kithanink, which means 'on the main river' in Lenape or the Delaware language, from kit- 'big' + hane 'mountain river' + -ink (suffix used in place names). "The main river" is a Lenape term for the Allegheny and Ohio combined, which they considered as all one river. The borough and its bridge have been used as a setting for several recent films.
Public perception of high-fructose corn syrup
Critics and competitors of high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS), notably the sugar industry, have for many years used various public relations campaigns to claim the sweetener causes certain health conditions, despite the lack of scientific evidence that HFCS differs nutritionally from sugar.  The HFCS industry has tried to respond to these campaigns with their own efforts.

Sugar industry
The sugar industry subsumes the production, processing and marketing of sugars (mostly sucrose and fructose).  In 2017, worldwide production of table sugar amounted to 185 million tonnes.

Sugar is used for soft drinks, sweetened beverages, convenience foods, fast food, candy, confectionery, baked products, and other sweetened foods. Sugarcane is used in the distillation of rum. Sugarcane produces several valuable byproducts that play a significant role in supporting economic growth.

Globally in 2018, around 185 million tons of sugar was produced, led by India with 35.9 million tons, followed by Brazil and Thailand. There are more than 123 sugar-producing countries, but only 30% of the produce is traded on the international market.
Bob Griffin (linebacker)
Robert Lloyd Griffin (February 12, 1929 – February 25, 2012) was an American professional football player who played linebacker and center for six seasons for the Los Angeles Rams and St. Louis Cardinals of the National Football League (NFL). Griffin played college football at the University of Arkansas and was selected in the second round of the 1952 NFL draft by the Los Angeles Rams.

St. Louis Cardinals (NFL)
From 1960 to 1987, the professional American football team now known as the Arizona Cardinals played in St. Louis, Missouri, as the St. Louis Cardinals.

The team moved from Chicago to St. Louis in 1960, and played their first home game there on October 2 at Busch Stadium against the New York Giants. Their last home game in St. Louis, played at Busch Memorial Stadium on December 13, 1987, was also against the Giants. Their last game as a St. Louis–based club was on December 27, 1987, at the Dallas Cowboys.

During the Cardinals' 28 years in St. Louis, they advanced to the playoffs just four times (1964, 1974, 1975, and 1982), and never hosted a playoff game. Their only postseason win came in the 1964 Playoff Bowl.

Their winning percentage of .481 during their time in St. Louis—187 victories, 202 losses, and 13 ties—is better than those in the other two cities the Cardinals have called home.

The team moved to Tempe, Arizona, in 1988.
Embassy of Spain, Washington, D.C.
The Embassy of Spain in Washington, D.C. is the diplomatic mission of the Kingdom of Spain to the United States It is located at 2375 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, in the West End neighborhood.

Spain did not establish diplomatic relations with the United States until 1790, after the ratification of the 1783 Treaty of Paris ending hostilities between the United States and the Kingdom of Great Britain. Diplomatic relations were broken off from 1808 to 1814 over American occupation of West Florida, and again from April 1898 to April 1899 during the Spanish–American War.

The embassy has been located at 2375 Pennsylvania Avenue NW since 1994. The Spanish Embassy was formerly located at 2801 16th Street NW., where the current Cultural Office of the Embassy is situated.

Queen Sofía of Spain visited the embassy in September 2025.

Northwest (Washington, D.C.)
Northwest (NW or N.W.) is the northwestern quadrant of Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States, and is located north of the National Mall and west of North Capitol Street. It is the largest of the four quadrants of the city (NW, NE, SW and SE), and it includes the central business district, the Federal Triangle, and the museums along the northern side of the National Mall, as well as many of the District's historic neighborhoods.

Politically, Northwest is made up of parts of Wards 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, with Wards 1 and 3 being the only wards located entirely within the quadrant. The Northwest is the wealthiest quadrant of the city, particularly west of 16th Street.
Peter Weir, Baron Weir of Ballyholme
Peter James Weir, Baron Weir of Ballyholme (born 21 November 1968), is a Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) politician who served as Minister for Education in the Northern Ireland Executive from 2016 to 2017 and from 2020 to 2021. Weir was the first non-Sinn Féin legislator (following Martin McGuinness, Caitríona Ruane, and John O'Dowd) to head the Department of Education since the department came into existence on 2 December 1999.

He served as a Member of the Northern Ireland Assembly (MLA) from 1998 to 2022, originally being a member for North Down, which he represented from 1998 to 2017, before being elected as a member for Strangford in 2017. He lost his seat at the 2022 Northern Ireland Assembly election.  Since 2022 he has been a member of the House of Lords.

Strangford (Assembly constituency)
54°27′22″N 5°32′35″W﻿ / ﻿54.456°N 5.543°W﻿ / 54.456; -5.543

Strangford is a constituency in the Northern Ireland Assembly.

The seat was first used for a Northern Ireland-only election for the Northern Ireland Forum in 1996. Since 1998, it has elected members to the current Assembly.

For Assembly elections before 1996, the constituency was largely part of the North Down constituency with smaller sections being added from Belfast East constituency and Belfast South constituency. From 1997 until 2024, it shared boundaries with the Strangford UK Parliament constituency until the Parliamentary constituency's boundaries changed for the 2024 United Kingdom general election.

For further details of the history and boundaries of the Parliamentary constituency, see Strangford (UK Parliament constituency).