hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Richard Keith Sprigg
Richard Keith Sprigg (31 March 1922 – 8 September 2011) was a British linguist who specialised in the phonology of Asian languages. Sprigg was educated under J. R. Firth and was a member of the first generation of professional British linguists. Also as a consequence Sprigg was an advocate of the prosodic phonological method of Firth. Sprigg worked on several Tibeto-Burman languages including Lepcha, and various Tibetan dialects. He taught for many years at the School of Oriental and African Studies, and retired to Kalimpong, West Bengal, India with his wife Ray, granddaughter of David Macdonald the author of The Land of the Lama and 20 Years in Tibet, until her death.

In 2000 he returned to UK and lived in retirement with his second wife Elisabeth in Crowborough, East Sussex, England.

Tibeto-Burman languages
The Tibeto-Burman languages are the non-Chinese members of the Sino-Tibetan language family, over 400 of which are spoken throughout the Southeast Asian Massif ("Zomia") as well as parts of East Asia and South Asia. Around 60 million people speak Tibeto-Burman languages. The name derives from the most widely spoken of these languages, Burmese and the Tibetic languages, which also have extensive literary traditions, dating from the 12th and 7th centuries respectively. Most of the other languages are spoken by much smaller communities, and many of them have not been described in detail.

Though the division of Sino-Tibetan into Sinitic and Tibeto-Burman branches (e.g. Benedict, Matisoff) is widely used, some historical linguists criticize this classification, as the non-Sinitic Sino-Tibetan languages lack any shared innovations in phonology or morphology to show that they comprise a clade of the phylogenetic tree.
HD 60532 c
HD 60532 c is an extrasolar planet located approximately 84 light-years away in the constellation of Puppis, orbiting the star HD 60532. This planet has a true mass of 7.46 times more than Jupiter, orbits at 1.58 AU, and takes 607 days to revolve in an eccentric orbit. This planet was discovered on September 22, 2008 in La Silla Observatory using the HARPS spectrograph. On this same day, the second planet in this system, HD 60532 b, was discovered in a 3:1 orbital resonance.

La Silla Observatory
La Silla Observatory is an astronomical observatory in Chile with three telescopes built and operated by the European Southern Observatory (ESO). Several other telescopes are also located at the site and are partly maintained by ESO. The observatory is one of the largest in the Southern Hemisphere and was the first in Chile to be used by ESO.

The La Silla telescopes and instruments are located in the North of the Coquimbo region, 150 km northeast of La Serena, on the outskirts of the Atacama Desert, one of the driest and most remote areas in the world. Like other observatories in this region, La Silla is far from sources of light pollution and, like the Paranal Observatory—home to the Very Large Telescope—it has some of the darkest night skies on Earth.
Zuccarelli
Zuccarelli is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Émile Zuccarelli (born 1940), French politician from Corsica

Francesco Zuccarelli (1702–1788), Italian painter

Katia Zuccarelli (born 1992), Canadian pop-country singer and songwriter

Paul Zuccarelli (1886–1913), Italian racecar driver

Katia Zuccarelli
Katia Zuccarelli (/ˈkætiə zuːkəˈrɛli/; Italian pronunciation: [ˈkaːtja ddzukkaˈrɛlli, - ttsuk-]; born November 12, 1992), known professionally as kat karter and formerly Katia, is a Canadian singer-songwriter.
Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam
The Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam (Tamil: திருவிளையாடல் புராணம்; transl. Legend of the Sacred Game) is a collection of sixty-four 16th to 17th-century Shaivite devotional epic stories by the sage Paranjothi Munivar. They describe the actions of Shiva on earth in a number of disguises to test and help his devotees.

Svarga
Svarga (Sanskrit: स्वर्गः, lit. 'abode of light', IAST: Svargaḥ), also known as Swarga, Indraloka and Svargaloka, is the celestial abode of the devas in Hinduism. Svarga is one of the seven higher lokas (esoteric planes) in Hindu cosmology. Svarga is often translated as heaven, though it is regarded to be dissimilar to the concept of the Abrahamic Heaven.
Henry Périer
Henry Périer is a French art critic, PhD in art history and independent curator.

He is the biograph of Pierre Restany, the French art critic, founder of the movement New Realism (Arman, César, Raymond Hains, Yves Klein, Niki de Saint-Phalle, Jacques Villeglé, etc.)

Curator of the year of China in France 2004, he organized an exhibition including 39 Chinese contemporary artists such as Zhang Xiaogang, Wang Guangyi, Yue Minjun, Fang Lijun, Yang Shaobin at the Museum of Contemporary Art of Marseille. Scientific advisor of the retrospective Zeng Fanzhi at the Musée d'Art moderne de la ville de Paris (October 2013 - February 2014).

Yue Minjun
Yue Minjun (Chinese: 岳敏君; born 1962) is a Chinese contemporary artist based in Beijing, China. He is best known for oil paintings depicting himself in various settings, frozen in laughter. He has also reproduced this signature image in sculpture, watercolour and prints. While Yue is often classified as part of the Chinese Cynical Realist art movement developed in 1989, Yue rejects this label, but also "doesn't concern himself about what people call him."
West Virginia Route 2 and I-68 Authority
The West Virginia Route 2 and I-68 Authority was created by the West Virginia Legislature in 1997. The goal of the authority is to "promote and advance" the construction of a modern highway through Wood, Pleasants, Tyler, Wetzel, Marshall, Ohio, Brooke, Hancock, Marion County and Monongalia counties in order to assist with economic and community development.

Marshall County, West Virginia
Marshall County is a county in the U.S. state of West Virginia. At the 2020 census, the population was 30,591. Its county seat is Moundsville. With its southern border at what would be a continuation of the Mason-Dixon line to the Ohio River, it forms the base of the Northern Panhandle of West Virginia.

Marshall County is part of the Wheeling metropolitan area.

Marshall County is home to the largest conical burial mound in North America, at Moundsville. Marshall County was formed in 1835 from Ohio County by act of the Virginia Assembly. In 1852, on Christmas Eve, workers completed the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad's connection to the Ohio River at Rosby's Rock in Marshall County. It more recently became home to the New Vrindaban community of Hare Krishnas, and Prabhupada's Palace of Gold.
HKU station
HKU (Chinese: 香港大學) is a station on the Hong Kong MTR Island line located in the Shek Tong Tsui neighbourhood of Western, Hong Kong. The station is named after the adjacent University of Hong Kong.

Part of the West Island line, a westward extension to the existing Island line, HKU station opened on 28 December 2014 along with Kennedy Town station.

As of its opening, HKU station was the largest and deepest cavern station in the MTR network, at 250 metres long and 22 metres wide,70 m (230 ft) below ground.

Sai Wan
Sai Wan (Chinese: 西環), also known as Western district (Chinese: 西區), or simply Western, is an area in Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong that corresponds to Sai Ying Pun, Shek Tong Tsui, Belcher Bay and Kennedy Town. However, Some Hong Kong people consider Kennedy Town as the only part of Sai Wan. It formed part of the City of Victoria. West Point, a former cape close to major government structures in Sai Wan, also used to refer to Sai Wan.

After Hong Kong's handover to People's Republic of China, Sai Wan become the location for the Liaison Office of the Central People's Government in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and people in Hong Kong, including the former head of the Liaison Office Zhang Xiaoming, colloquially refer the name Sai Wan as a metonym for the Liaison office itself.
Ngân Sơn district
Ngân Sơn is a rural district of Bắc Kạn province in the Northeast region of Vietnam. As of 2019, the district had a population of 29,269 people. The district covers an area of 644.4 km2 (248.8 sq mi). The district capital lies at Vân Tùng commune.

Bắc Kạn province
Bắc Kạn, sometimes misspelled as Bắc Cạn, was a former province of Vietnam. It is located in the Northeast region, due north of the capital Hanoi.

Bắc Kạn is the only town of the province which is the capital of the province and is a municipality. The province covers an area of 4,859.96 km2 (1,876.44 mi2) and as of 2019 it had a population of 313,905 people. It is a mountainous terrain with rich natural resources of minerals and forests. It has numerous mountains, rivers and lakes which are very scenic. Ba Bể National Park and Ba Bể Lake lie within its borders.

On June 12, 2025, Bắc Kạn was incorporated into Thái Nguyên province.
Old Liberals
The Old Liberals (German: Altliberale) were 19th-century liberals who, after 1849, stood in the tradition of the moderate, constitutional liberalism of the Vormärz and the revolution of 1848/49. In a narrower sense, the term refers to a parliamentary group in the Prussian House of Representatives. Its origin was the Vincke faction in the 1850s. After 1866, if they had not gone over to the German Progress Party in 1861, their deputies became part of the National Liberal Party or the Free Conservative Party.

The term altliberal is contemporary and was used by Robert von Mohl after 1849 to describe the supporters of a constitutional system of government.

National Liberal Party (Germany)
The National Liberal Party (German: Nationalliberale Partei, NLP) was a liberal party of the North German Confederation and the German Empire which flourished between 1867 and 1918.

During the Prussian-led unification of Germany, the National Liberals became the dominant party in the Reichstag. While supporting the common ideals of liberalism and nationalism, the party contained two wings, which reflected the conflicting claims of its Hegelian and idealistic heritage: one emphasized the power of the state through the Nationalstaat, and the other emphasized the civil liberties of the Rechtsstaat. Although that cleavage later proved fatal for its unity, the National Liberals managed to remain the pivotal party in the decades after unification by cooperating with both the Progressives and the Free Conservatives on various issues.
October Palace
The October Palace (Ukrainian: Жовтневий палац, romanized: Zhovtnevyi palats, IPA: [ʒou̯tˈnɛwɪj pɐˈlɑts]) is a performing arts center in Kyiv, Ukraine. It is officially known as the International Center of Culture and Arts (Ukrainian: Міжнародний центр культури і мистецтв, romanized: Mizhnarodnyi tsentr kultury i mystetstv) of the Trade Union Federation of Ukraine, while October Palace is used for its brevity.

Performing arts center
Performing arts center/centre (see spelling differences), often abbreviated as PAC, is usually a complex housing performance spaces for various performing arts, including dance, music, and theatre. In some cases it refers to a single multi-use space, or alternatively, to a performing arts college.
Robert Pope (priest)
Robert William Pope, OBE, was an eminent Anglican clergyman in the 20th century.

He was born on 20 May 1918 and received his degree from Durham University, but in fact completed his theological training at St Augustine's College, Canterbury, whose programs were then validated by Durham. He was ordained deacon in 1939 and priest in 1940 and began his career with curacies at Holy Trinity, Gravesend and St. Nicolas' Church, Guildford. In 1944 he joined the Royal Navy as a chaplain serving until 1971 when he became vicar of Whitchurch. In 1978 he was appointed Dean of Gibraltar, a post he held until 1983. He died on 15 September 2002.

St Augustine's College (Kent)
St Augustine’s College in Canterbury, Kent, United Kingdom, was located within the precincts of St Augustine's Abbey about 0.2 miles (335 metres) ESE of Canterbury Cathedral. It served first as a missionary college of the Church of England (1848–1947) and later as the Central College of the Anglican Communion (1952–1967).
The Classic (Joan as Police Woman album)
The Classic is the fourth studio album by the American artist Joan As Police Woman (aka Joan Wasser), released on March 10, 2014, through PIAS. It included the single "Holy City" that was inspired by a visit to Jerusalem.The song was described as "Motown-influenced pop fusion" and the release was supported by an Alex de Campi directed video.

The comedian Reggie Watts contributed beatboxing to the title track and rapping to the single "Holy City."

In 2016 it was awarded a silver certification from the Independent Music Companies Association which indicated sales of at least 20,000 copies throughout Europe.

Independent Music Companies Association
The Independent Music Companies Association (IMPALA), originally the Independent Music Publishers and Labels Association, is a non-profit trade association established in 2000 to help European independent record labels represent their agenda and promote independent music. Its offices are in Brussels, Belgium. IMPALA is a member of the Worldwide Independent Network (WIN), a coalition of independent music bodies from countries throughout the world.  In 2025, IMPALA started a new co-funded work programme as a European Union cultural network.
Gardner (surname)
Gardner is a surname of English, Scottish and Irish origin. Most sources say it is an occupational surname that comes from the word "gardener". Other sources claim that it is derived from the old English words gar-dyn meaning "warrior", "one who bears arms". In Ireland, the surname is an anglicized form of the Gaelic Mac Gairnéir. Variants include Gardyner, Gardener, Gardenar, Gardinier, Gardiner, and Gardner; the last two are the most common today.

There is a tradition held by some of the descendants of William Gardiner (son of Benoni), son of George of Newport, that William won his crest at Acre in 1191, by chopping through the shoulder of a Saracen who was about to kill Richard Coeur de Lion or Richard the Lionheart, hence the Saracen's head on the coat of arms.

Goidelic languages
The Goidelic (/ɡɔɪˈdɛlɪk/ goy-DEL-ik) or Gaelic languages (/ˈɡeɪlɪk/ GALE-ik; Irish: teangacha Gaelacha; Scottish Gaelic: cànanan Goidhealach; Manx: çhengaghyn Gaelgagh) form one of the two groups of Insular Celtic languages, the other being the Brittonic languages.

Goidelic languages historically formed a dialect continuum stretching from Ireland through the Isle of Man to Scotland. There are three modern Goidelic languages: Irish (Gaeilge), Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig), and Manx (Gaelg). Manx died out as a first language in the 20th century but has since been revived to some degree.
Blagnac
Blagnac (French pronunciation: [blaɲak]; Occitan: Blanhac) is a commune of the greater Toulouse area in the Haute-Garonne department in southwestern France. The city hosts the aviation museum Aeroscopia and the corporate headquarters and major manufacturing operations of Airbus.

It is the third-largest suburb of the city of Toulouse, although governed by a separate council, and is adjacent to it on the northwest side. It is a member of the Toulouse Métropole.

Toulouse Métropole
Toulouse Métropole (French pronunciation: [tuluz metʁɔpɔl]; Occitan: Tolosa Metropòli) is one of 20  French metropolises, an intercommunal structure, centred on the city of Toulouse. Located in the Haute-Garonne department, in the Occitanie region, southern France. Created in January 2015, it replaced the previous Communauté urbaine de Toulouse. With an area of 458.2 km2, and a population of 783,353 in 2018, of which 486,828 are in Toulouse proper. It is the 5th largest metropolis after Greater Paris, Aix-Marseille-Provence, Lille-Europe and Bordeaux. The annual budget is €1,4 billion (2015).
Austroboletus subflavidus
Austroboletus subflavidus is a species of bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae. It is found in eastern North America, where it fruits near oak and pine trees. Originally described as a species of Tylopilus by American mycologist William Murrill in 1938, it was transferred to the genus Austroboletus by Carl B. Wolfe in 1980. The fruit body has a white to yellowish convex to flattened cap measuring 3–10 cm (1.2–3.9 in) in diameter. The pores on the cap underside, which measure about 1 mm wide, are initially white to grayish before becoming pinkish. The coarsely reticulate and pitted stipe measures 4.5–14.5 cm (1.8–5.7 in) long by 0.7–3 cm (0.3–1.2 in). The spore print is reddish brown; spores are spindle-shaped (fusoid) with dimensions of 15–20 by 6–9 μm.

Basidiocarp
In fungi, a basidiocarp, basidiome, or basidioma (pl. basidiomata) is the sporocarp of a basidiomycete, the multicellular structure on which the spore-producing hymenium is borne. Basidiocarps are characteristic of the hymenomycetes; rusts and smuts do not produce such structures. As with other sporocarps, epigeous (above-ground) basidiocarps that are visible to the naked eye (especially those with a more or less agaricoid morphology) are commonly referred to as mushrooms, while hypogeous (underground) basidiocarps are usually called false truffles.
356 BC
Year 356 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Ambustus and Laenas (or, less frequently, year 398 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 356 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Thessaly
Thessaly (/ˈθɛsəli/ THESS-ə-lee; Greek: Θεσσαλία, romanized: Thessalía [θesaˈli.a]; ancient Thessalian: Πετθαλία, Petthalía) is a traditional geographic and modern administrative region of Greece, comprising most of the ancient region of the same name. Before the Greek Dark Ages, Thessaly was known as Aeolia (Ancient Greek: Αἰολία, Aiolía), and appears in Homer's Odyssey.

Thessaly became part of the modern Greek state in 1881, after four and a half centuries of Ottoman rule. Since 1987 it has formed one of the country's 13 regions and is further (since the Kallikratis reform of 2011) sub-divided into five regional units and 25 municipalities. The capital of the region is Larissa. Thessaly lies in northern central Greece and borders the regions of Macedonia to the north, Epirus to the west, Central Greece to the south, and the Aegean Sea to the east. The Thessaly region also includes the Sporades islands.
Phaenops
In Greek mythology, the name Phaenops (Ancient Greek: Φαῖνοψ, romanized: Phaínops, lit. 'bright-eyed') refers to three characters who are all associated with Troy and the Trojan War:

Phaenops, father of Xanthus and Thoon, who were slain by Diomedes. He was an old man by the time the Trojan War began, and had no other sons and heirs except these two.

Phaenops, father of Phorcys, from Phrygia.

Phaenops, son of Asius, son of Hyrtacus and brother of Adamas. He was a resident of Abydus and the best guest-friend of Hector. Apollo, at one point, assumed the form of this Phaenops to appear in front of Hector.

Xenia (Greek)
Xenia (Greek: ξενία [kse'ni.a]) is an ancient Greek concept of hospitality. It is almost always translated as 'guest-friendship' or 'ritualized friendship'. It is an institutionalized relationship rooted in generosity, gift exchange, and reciprocity. Historically, hospitality towards foreigners and guests was understood as a moral obligation, as well as a political imperative. Hospitality towards foreigners honored Zeus Xenios (and Athene Xenia), patrons of foreigners.

The rituals of hospitality created and expressed a reciprocal relationship between guest and host expressed in both material benefits (e.g. gifts, protection, shelter) as well as non-material ones (e.g. favors, certain normative rights). The word is derived from xenos 'stranger'.
Yero Ibrahim Bello
Yero Ibrahim Bello is a Nigerian politician, teacher, and lawmaker from Plateau State in Nigeria.
Bello was born on 9 February 1962 in Plateau State. He is married.

Bello graduated from Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.

He is a politician and a teacher. From 1999 to 2003, he represented the Wase constituency in the House of Representatives.

House of Representatives (Nigeria)
The House of Representatives (also called Green Chamber) is the lower chamber of Nigeria's bicameral National Assembly. The Senate is the upper chamber.

The Green Chamber has 360 members who are elected in single-member constituencies using the plurality (or first-past-the-post) system, most recently in 2023. Members serve four-year terms. The presiding officer of the house is the Speaker, currently Tajudden Abbas (as of May 2024).
1906 Basingstoke by-election
The 1906 Basingstoke by-election was a Parliamentary by-election held on 12 March 1906. The constituency returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, elected by the first past the post voting system.

The by-election was held due to the death of the incumbent Conservative MP, Arthur Frederick Jeffreys and was won by the Conservative candidate Arthur Salter.

UK parliamentary by-elections
In the United Kingdom, a parliamentary by-election occurs following a vacancy arising in the House of Commons. They are often seen as a test of the rival political parties' fortunes between general elections.
Harald Magne Elstad
Harald Magne Elstad (13 March 1913 – 2003) was a Norwegian judge.

He was born in Kristiania. He took his examen artium in 1932 and graduated from university with the cand.jur. degree in 1936. He started his career as a deputy judge in Rakkestad District Court, and was a junior solicitor in Mysen before being hired in the Norwegian Price Directorate. He remained there for fifteen years.

He then worked as a judge in the Oslo City Court from 1954, as presiding judge in Hålogaland from 1967 and as Supreme Court Justice from 1973 to his retirement 1983. He died at the age of 90 in 2003.

Supreme Court of Norway
The Supreme Court of Norway (Norwegian Bokmål: (Norges) Høyesterett; Norwegian Nynorsk: (Noregs) Høgsterett; lit. 'Highest Court') is the highest court in the Norwegian judiciary. It was established in 1815 on the basis of section 88 in the Constitution of the Kingdom of Norway, which prescribed an independent judiciary. It is located in the capital Oslo. In addition to serving as the court of final appeal for civil and criminal cases, it can also rule whether the Cabinet has acted in accordance with Norwegian law and whether the Parliament has passed legislation consistent with the Constitution.
The Bear Creek School
The Bear Creek School is a preschool through grade twelve private school in Redmond, Washington. Educating around 840 students, the school is a non-denominational Christian religious school, focusing on college preparation. It was established in 1988. The head of school is Patrick Carruth. As of 2020, school review website Niche ranks The Bear Creek School as the best Christian high school, third best private K-12 school, and seventh best college prep private high schools in Washington state.

A long-term rival school of TBCS, in terms of athletics, is The Overlake School, also located in Redmond, Washington.

Student
A student is a person enrolled in a school or other educational institution, or more generally, a person who takes a special interest in a subject.

In the United Kingdom and most commonwealth countries, a "student" attends a secondary school or higher (e.g., college or university); those in primary or elementary schools are "pupils".