hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Apophenia
Apophenia (/æpoʊˈfiːniə/) is the tendency to perceive meaningful connections between unrelated things.

The term (German: Apophänie from the Greek verb: ἀποφαίνειν, romanized: apophaínein) was coined by psychiatrist Klaus Conrad in his 1958 publication on the beginning stages of schizophrenia. He defined it as "unmotivated seeing of connections [accompanied by] a specific feeling of abnormal meaningfulness". He described the early stages of delusional thought as self-referential over-interpretations of actual sensory perceptions, as opposed to hallucinations.

Apophenia has also come to describe a human propensity to unreasonably seek definite patterns in random information, which can occur in gambling.

Operant conditioning chamber
An operant conditioning chamber (also known as a Skinner box) is a laboratory apparatus used to study animal behavior. The operant conditioning chamber was created by B. F. Skinner while he was a graduate student at Harvard University. The chamber can be used to study both operant conditioning and classical conditioning.

Skinner created the operant conditioning chamber as a variation of the puzzle box originally created by Edward Thorndike. While Skinner's early studies were done using rats, he later moved on to study pigeons. The operant conditioning chamber may be used to observe or manipulate behaviour. An animal is placed in the box where it must learn to activate levers or respond to light or sound stimuli for reward. The reward may be food or the removal of noxious stimuli such as a loud alarm. The chamber is used to test specific hypotheses in a controlled setting.
Peebles
Peebles (Scottish Gaelic: Na Pùballan) is a town in the Scottish Borders, Scotland. It was historically a royal burgh and the county town of Peeblesshire. According to the 2011 census, the population was 8,376 and the estimated population in June 2018 was 9,000.

County town
In Great Britain and Ireland, a county town is usually the location of administrative or judicial functions within a county, and the place where public representatives are elected to parliament. Following the establishment of county councils in England in 1889, the headquarters of the new councils were usually established in the county town of each county; however, the concept of a county town pre-dates these councils.

The concept of a county town is ill-defined and unofficial. Some counties in Great Britain have their administrative bodies housed elsewhere. For example, Lancaster is the county town of Lancashire, but the county council is in Preston. Owing to the creation of unitary authorities, some county towns in Great Britain are administratively separate from the county. For example, Nottingham is separated from the rest of Nottinghamshire, and Brighton and Hove is separate from East Sussex. On a ceremonial level, both are in their own respective counties geographically.
Combinatorial Mathematics Society of Australasia
The Combinatorial Mathematics Society of Australasia (CMSA) is a professional society of mathematicians working in the field of combinatorics. It is the primary combinatorics society for Australasia, consisting of Australia, New Zealand and neighbouring countries. The CMSA existed as an informal group from 1972 until formal establishment in 1978. It became an incorporated association in 1996, and as of 2017, it has over 280 members including 110 life members.

Nick Wormald
Nicholas Charles Wormald FAA (born 1953) is an Australian mathematician and professor of mathematics at Monash University. He specializes in probabilistic combinatorics, graph theory, graph algorithms, Steiner trees, web graphs, mine optimization, and other areas in combinatorics.

In 1979, Wormald earned a Ph.D. in mathematics from the University of Newcastle with a dissertation titled Some problems in the enumeration of labelled graphs.

In 2006, he won the Euler Medal from the Institute of Combinatorics and its Applications.  He has held the Canada Research Chair in Combinatorics and Optimization at the University of Waterloo.  In 2012, he was recognized with an Australian Laureate Fellowship for his achievements.  In 2017, he was elected as a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science.

In 2018, Wormald was an invited speaker at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Rio de Janeiro.
Sherry Lansing
Sherry Lansing (born Sherry Lee Duhl; July 31, 1944) is an American former film studio executive serving as chairwoman of Universal Music Group's board of directors and as a director on the board of Paramount Skydance Corporation. She previously served as chairwoman and CEO of Paramount Pictures, and president of production at 20th Century Fox prior to her retirement. From 1999 to 2022, she was on the University of California Board of Regents.

In 2005, she became the first female film studio head to place hand and footprints at the Grauman's Chinese Theater. In 2001, she was named one of the 30 most powerful women in the US by Ladies' Home Journal, and The Hollywood Reporter named her number 1 on its Power 100 list numerous times.

2006 in film
The following is an overview of events in 2006, including the highest-grossing films, award ceremonies and festivals, a list of films released and notable deaths. Pixar celebrated its 20th anniversary in 2006 with the release of its 7th film, Cars.
Renaissance and Reformation
Renaissance and Reformation  is a multidisciplinary journal devoted to the early modern period). It was founded by Natalie Zemon Davis and others in 1964, with Davis holding the editorship until 1968. It is sponsored by the Centre for Reformation and Renaissance Studies at Victoria University in the University of Toronto, the Toronto Renaissance Colloquium, the Pacific Northwest Renaissance Society, and the Canadian Society for Renaissance Studies.

The journal is published quarterly. Each issue contains four to five scholarly articles as well as book reviews in English and French.

Editors have included John McClelland (1969-70), Julius Molinaro (1970-76), Richard van Fossen (1976–1985), Kenneth R. Bartlett (1985-90), François Paré (1990–2000), and Alan Shepard (2003-2009). As of 2025, the editor is William Bowen, who took on the post in 2009.

François Paré
François-Rosaire Paré (born 1949 in Longueuil, Quebec) is a Québécois author and academic specialising in the literature of cultural minorities, though He started his career as a professor of French Renaissance literature.

Paré lived in Montreal during his youth. After earning his Bachelor of Arts degree at the Université de Montréal, he pursued further studies in Buffalo, New York at SUNY. He would eventually settle in Ontario, first at St Catharines, then moving to the Kitchener-Waterloo region to teach at the University of Guelph. He was the Chair of the French Studies Department at the University of Waterloo from 2003-2010 and is now the Graduate officer for the department.
Scheduled-task pattern
A scheduled-task pattern is a type of software design pattern used with real-time systems. It is not to be confused with the "scheduler pattern".

While the scheduler pattern delays access to a resource (be it a function, variable, or otherwise) only as long as absolutely needed, the scheduled-task pattern delays execution until a determined time. This is important in real-time systems for a variety of reasons.

Design pattern
A design pattern is the re-usable form of a solution to a design problem. The idea was introduced by the architect Christopher Alexander and has been adapted for various other disciplines, particularly software engineering.
Sandy Grady
Sandy Grady (c. 1928 – April 14, 2015) - Charlotte, NC, was a sportswriter who wrote for the Philadelphia Daily News and the Philadelphia Bulletin. He covered the Philadelphia Phillies.  Grady also spent time with the Charlotte News and USA Today. His death came soon after that of another Philadelphia sportswriter, Stan Hochman. He is mentioned many times in the book The Phillies Reader. He was also featured on C-SPAN. He was a recipient of the A.J. Liebling Award.

He died April 14, 2015, at age 87 in Reston, Virginia.

The Charlotte News
The Charlotte News was the afternoon newspaper in Charlotte, North Carolina.  It was first published on December 8, 1888.: 75  The newspaper was eventually purchased on April 5, 1959 by Knight Newspapers, owner of its larger rival The Charlotte Observer. All operations of the News and the Observer were merged except news and editorial content, which was merged in 1983.: 320  The News ceased publication on November 1, 1985.
Hypotrochoid
In geometry, a hypotrochoid is a roulette traced by a point attached to a circle of radius r rolling around the inside of a fixed circle of radius R, where the point is a distance d from the center of the interior circle.

The parametric equations for a hypotrochoid are:

where θ is the angle formed by the horizontal and the center of the rolling circle (these are not polar equations because θ is not the polar angle). When measured in radians, θ takes values from 0 to  (where LCM is least common multiple).

Special cases include the hypocycloid with d = r and the ellipse with R = 2r and d ≠ r.  The eccentricity of the ellipse is

becoming 1 when  (see Tusi couple).

The classic Spirograph toy traces out hypotrochoid and epitrochoid curves.

Hypotrochoids describe the support of the eigenvalues of some random matrices with cyclic correlations.

Circle
A circle is a shape consisting of all points in a plane that are at a given distance from a given point, the centre. The distance between any point of the circle and the centre is called the radius. The length of a line segment connecting two points on the circle and passing through the centre is called the diameter. A circle bounds a region of the plane called a disc.

The circle has been known since before the beginning of recorded history. Natural circles are common, such as the full moon or a slice of round fruit. The circle is the basis for the wheel, which, with related inventions such as gears, makes much of modern machinery possible. In mathematics, the study of the circle has helped inspire the development of geometry, astronomy and calculus.
Domino (character)
Domino (Neena Thurman)  is a character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character is best known as a member of the mutant team X-Force. Created by writer Fabian Nicieza and artist/co-writer Rob Liefeld, Domino made her first full cover story appearance in X-Force #8 (March 1992) as an original member of the Wild Pack team led by the mutant Cable.

In addition to her exceptional marksmanship and hand-to-hand skills, Domino possesses mutant probability-altering powers. She often uses her skills as a mercenary, but has also been the partner, confidante, and love interest of the superhero Cable, a lieutenant in his militant group X-Force, and a member of the X-Men.

Domino was portrayed by Zazie Beetz in Deadpool 2 (2018). She has also appeared in video games and minor animated television appearances.

Static Media
Static Media Inc., the business name of 7Hops.com Inc., is an American internet company established in 2012, incorporated in Delaware, and based in Indianapolis. It operates ZergNet, a content recommendation business that promotes paid content and is known for its clickbait headlines. Most sites that the company owns use the same website model and design, sometimes dubbed "infinite scroll", whereby content is loaded continuously as the user scrolls down. For example, scrolling down on the homepage loads more articles in perpetuity (until the user reaches the very first article written for the site). Scrolling down on individual articles also does not reach the page footer, instead loading a different, related article, so the user can continue reading content from the site indefinitely without needing to click a new link. This is also called "infinite-content pages" or "endless pages". The title of one of the brands, Looper, refers to this design.
Sydney Gateway
The Sydney Gateway is a major road interchange between the WestConnex and the airport terminals of Sydney Airport, and includes a pair of arch bridges over the Alexandra Canal and an eastbound flyover connecting Qantas Drive to the domestic terminal. It connects the Sydney Motorway network with the Sydney Airport and Port Botany precincts via the St Peters Interchange. The project provides significantly improved road links between the Airport, CBD and Port Botany, whilst reducing congestion.

Construction began in early 2021 and sections of the interchange were progressively opened from November 2023. The interchange opened on 1 September 2024. It was originally planned to fully open in late 2023 in conjunction with the connecting M4–M8 Link, the latter of which opened earlier in January 2023.

The Sydney Gateway was constructed in conjunction with the duplication of the nearby Port Botany railway line by the Australian Rail Track Corporation.

Port Botany (seaport)
Port Botany is a deepwater seaport located in Botany Bay in Sydney, Australia. The port is dominated by trade in containerised manufactured products and, to a lesser extent, bulk liquid imports including petroleum and natural gas. It is one of Australia's largest container ports and is administered by NSW Ports which entered into a 99-year lease agreement with the Port Authority of New South Wales in May 2013.
Terayama
Terayama (written: 寺山 lit. "temple mountain") is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Shūji Terayama (寺山 修司, 1935–1983), Japanese poet, dramatist, writer, film director and photographer

Tsubasa Terayama (寺山 翼, born 2000), Japanese footballer

Shūji Terayama
Shūji Terayama (寺山 修司, Terayama Shūji; December 10, 1935 – May 4, 1983) was a Japanese avant-garde poet, artist, dramatist, writer, film director, and photographer. His works range from radio drama, experimental television, underground (Angura) theatre, countercultural essays, to Japanese New Wave and "expanded" cinema.

Many critics view him as one of the most productive and provocative creative artists to come out of Japan. He has been cited as an influence on various Japanese filmmakers from the 1970s onward.
Mantes-la-Ville
Mantes-la-Ville (French pronunciation: [mɑ̃t la vil] ⓘ) is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France. It is located in the western suburbs of Paris 48.6 km (30.2 mi) from the center.

Mantes-la-Ville is located at the confluence of the Seine and the Vaucouleurs. The Paris–Rouen rail line separates Mantes-la-Ville from the larger commune of Mantes-la-Jolie. The A13 autoroute to Normandy also passes through Mantes-la-Ville.

A13 autoroute
Autoroute 13, or L'Autoroute de Normandie links Paris to Caen, Calvados.

The motorway starts in Paris at the Porte d'Auteuil, a former gate of the Paris walls, and ends at Mondeville's Mondeville 2 (Porte de Paris) exchange junction on the Boulevard Périphérique (Caen). The A13 is France's oldest motorway (opening in 1946) and is intensively used between Paris and Normandy for both commuting and holiday makers.
The A13 is operated by the SANEF Paris Normandie from Buchelay toll onwards, whilst the Parisian stretch of motorway is operated by the Île-de-France Council. Its total length is 225 km (140 mi). The A13 is toll-free within the Île-de-France region and between junctions 21 and 24 to the south of Rouen.
Nicolas Desmares
Nicolas Desmares (Rouen, 1650 – Paris, 3 November 1714) was a French comedian.

A brother-in-law of Champmeslé, he also called himself "Champmeslé" and with his sister Marie Champmeslé, they joined the theatre of Rouen. His talent earned him a call to perform at the court of King Christian V of Denmark. Recalled to Paris by his sister, he was received 28 March 1685 "sans début" (without a period of trial) – an honour bestowed for the first time – at the Comédie-Française where he specialized in peasant roles, which he played in a superior and inimitable way. He retired with a pension of 1000 livres on 27 June 1712.

He married the actress Anne d'Ennebaut, granddaughter of Montfleury, who gave him two daughters, both later actresses and sociétaires of the Comédie-Française: Charlotte Desmares and Christine Dangeville.

Livre tournois
The livre tournois (French pronunciation: [livʁ tuʁnwa]; lit. 'Tours pound'; abbreviation: ₶ or £) was one of numerous currencies used in medieval France, and a unit of account (i.e., a monetary unit used in accounting) used in early modern France.

The 1262 monetary reform established the livre tournois as 20 sous tournois, or 80.88 grams of fine silver. The franc à cheval was a gold coin of one livre tournois minted in large numbers from 1360.
In 1549, the livre tournois was decreed a unit of account, and in 1667 it officially replaced the livre parisis. 
In 1720, the livre tournois was redefined as 0.31 grams of pure gold, and in 1726, in a devaluation under Louis XV, as 4.50516 grams of fine silver.
It was the basis of the revolutionary French franc of 1795, defined as 4.5 grams of fine silver exactly.
Paradise Again
Paradise Again is the debut studio album by Swedish house music supergroup Swedish House Mafia, released on 15 April 2022 through SSA Recording and Republic Records. It is their third overall album after the two compilations Until One (2010) and Until Now (2012). Paradise Again features guest appearances from 070 Shake, ASAP Rocky, Connie Constance, Jacob Mühlrad, Mapei, Seinabo Sey, Sting, Ty Dolla Sign, and the Weeknd.

Four singles were released from the album, with the third single "Moth to a Flame", a collaboration with the Weeknd, peaking at number two on Billboard's Hot Dance/Electronic Songs chart. To promote the album, Swedish House Mafia embarked on the Paradise Again World Tour and headlined the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival alongside the Weeknd.

Until Now (Swedish House Mafia album)
Until Now is the second compilation album by Swedish house music supergroup Swedish House Mafia. The album was released on 19 October 2012 to mixed reviews by music critics who praised its singles and the rework of Coldplay's "Every Teardrop Is a Waterfall", but deemed the record to be more suited for live play than home listening. After the album was released, the trio announced that they would split up to continue with their separate projects. The album cover features a negative photo of Axwell, Ingrosso and Angello. The album contains 4 singles: "Save the World", "Antidote", "Greyhound" and "Don't You Worry Child", the latter of which went on to become the group's signature song and biggest hit single to date.
Roya Heshmati
Roya Heshmati (Persian: رویا حشمتی), (born 1990 in Sanandaj) is a Iranian Kurdish activist known for her defiance against the  mandatory hijab  policy in Iran. Heshmati gained prominence for protesting by refraining from wearing the obligatory hijab in public spaces and sharing a photograph on social media without adhering to this regulation. Consequently, she faced arrest and was later sentenced to endure 74 lashes as a repercussion for her actions.

Sanandaj
Sanandaj (Persian: سنندج; pronounced [sænænˈdædʒ] ⓘ Kurdish: سنە, romanized: Senneh) is a city in the Central District of Sanandaj County, in the Kurdistan province of Iran, serving as capital of the province, the county, and the district. With a population of 850,000, it is the second largest Kurdish city and 20th largest city overall in Iran. The city is considered a historic centre of Kurdish cultural and intellectual life, particularly noted for its tradition of Kurdish music, poetry, and carpet weaving.
Joris Gorendiawé
Joris Ipézé Gorendiawé (born 18 July 1990) in New Caledonia is a footballer who plays as a midfielder. He currently plays for AS Magenta in the New Caledonia Division Honneur and the New Caledonia national football team.

New Caledonia Super Ligue
The New Caledonian Super League (French: Super Ligue de Nouvelle-Calédonie) is the top division of the New Caledonian football league system. It is run by the New Caledonian Football Federation.

The league is played as a double round robin between the top-4 clubs from the Division Honneur of Grande Terre and the champions of the Îles.
Tiny Mills
Henry W. Mittlestadt (December 7, 1912 to June 24, 1987), best known by his ring name, Tiny Mills, was a Canadian professional wrestler. He often teamed with his brother Al Mills as the tag team Murder Incorporated (Murder Inc.). Later on Stan "Krusher" Kowalski would replace Al Mills as part of Murder Incorporated.

NWA Canadian Tag Team Championship (Calgary version)
The Calgary version of the NWA Canadian Tag Team Championship was established in 1954 as the original top tag team championship in Stampede Wrestling; it held that status until 1959, when the title was abandoned in favor of Stampede's then-newly created International Tag Team Championship.
Chickasawhay River
The Chickasawhay River is a river about 210 miles (340 km) long in southeastern Mississippi in the United States.  It is a principal tributary of the Pascagoula River that flows to the Gulf of Mexico.  The Chickasawhay's tributaries also drain a portion of western Alabama. The name "Chickasawhay" comes from the Choctaw word chikashsha-ahi, literally "Chickasaw potato".

Choctaw language
The Choctaw language (Choctaw: Chahta), spoken by the Choctaw, an Indigenous people of the Southeastern Woodlands, US, is a member of the Muskogean language family. Chickasaw is a separate but closely related language to Choctaw.

The Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma published the New Choctaw dictionary in 2016.
Nicholas Olhovsky
Metropolitan Nicholas (born Nikolay Alexandrovich Olhovsky, 17 December 1974) is the First Hierarch of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia and Metropolitan of Eastern America and New York since 14 September 2022.

Mark Arndt
Metropolitan Mark (secular name: Michael Arndt; born 29 January 1941) is the Metropolitan of Berlin and Germany of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia, Vice President of the global synod of the bishops of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia and Overseer of the Russian Orthodox Ecclesiastical Mission in Jerusalem.
Freeganism
Freeganism is an ideology of limited participation in the conventional economy and minimal consumption of resources, particularly through recovering wasted goods like food. The word "freegan" is a portmanteau of "free" and "vegan". While vegans avoid buying, consuming, using, and wearing animal products as an act of protest against animal exploitation, freegans—at least in theory—avoid buying anything as an act of protest against the food system in general.

Freeganism is often presented as synonymous with "dumpster diving" for discarded food, although freegans are distinguished by their association with an anti-consumerist and anti-capitalist ideology and their engagement in a wider range of alternative living strategies, such as voluntary unemployment, squatting in abandoned buildings, and "guerrilla gardening" in unoccupied city parks.

Anti-consumerism
Anti-consumerism is a sociopolitical ideology. It has been described as "intentionally and meaningfully excluding or cutting goods from one's consumption routine or reusing once-acquired goods with the goal of avoiding consumption". The ideology is opposed to consumerism, being a social and economic order in which the aspirations of many individuals include the acquisition of goods and services beyond those necessary for survival or traditional displays of status.

Anti-consumerism is concerned with the actions of individuals, as well as businesses where they act in pursuit of financial and economic goals at the expense of the perceived public good. Commonly, anti-consumerism is connected with concern for environmental protection, anti-globalization, and animal-rights. Post-consumerism, the prioritization of well-being over material prosperity, is a related ideology.