hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nicholas MacLeod
Nicholas Menalaus MacLeod (8 February 1870 – 27 September 1965) was a Canadian chess master.

Nicholas Menalaus MacLeod was born in Quebec on 8 February 1870.

MacLeod won the Canadian Chess Championship in 1886 and 1888, and shared first but lost a play-off match for the title in 1887. He finished last out of 20 players at the sixth American Chess Congress held at New York in 1889, won by Max Weiss and Mikhail Chigorin. MacLeod lost a world-record 31 games while winning six and drawing one.

He was the only player to beat Emanuel Lasker in an 18-board simultaneous exhibition in Quebec City on November 26, 1892.  Lasker won 15, drew two, and lost the one game to MacLeod.

He moved to Minnesota in 1896, and won the second Western Chess Association Tournament (later called the U.S. Open Chess Championship) held at Excelsior, Minnesota in 1901. He moved to Spokane around 1903.

MacLeod died in Spokane, Washington on 27 September 1965.

Excelsior, Minnesota
Excelsior (/ɛkˈsɛlsiər/ ek-SEL-see-ər) is a city in Hennepin County, Minnesota, United States. A western suburb of the Twin Cities, Excelsior is about 16 miles (26 km) southwest of downtown Minneapolis. Its population was 2,355 at the 2020 census.

Excelsior's commercial district along Water Street is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, and the town has many historic Victorian-era houses. Located on Lake Minnetonka's southern shore, the city serves as a local destination for shoppers, boaters, and restaurant-goers.
1930 Tuskegee Golden Tigers football team
The 1930 Tuskegee Golden Tigers football team represented the Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute—now known as Tuskegee University—as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SIAC) during the 1930 college football season. In their eighth season under head coach Cleveland Abbott, Tuskegee compiled an 11–0–1 record, won the SIAC championship, shut out five of 12 opponents, defeated Prairie View A&M in the Prairie View Bowl, and outscored all opponents by a total of 338 to 44. The team was recognized as the black college national champion.

Key players included Benjamin F. Stevenson and fullback Shorty Shanklin.

Black college football national championship
The Black college football national championship, also named the HBCU football championship, is a national championship honor that, since 1920, has been regularly bestowed upon the best college football teams among historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs) within the United States. The 2025 HBCU football champions are the South Carolina State Bulldogs.
Bloom County: The Complete Library
Bloom County: The Complete Library is a book series published by The Library of American Comics which collects the complete comic strips Bloom County, Outland and Opus all written and drawn by Berkeley Breathed between 1980 and 2008. The first volume of this series was published in September, 2009, and also received the Eisner award in the category Best Archival Collection/Project—Strips in 2010; in November 2012, the final and seventh volume finished the series.

Berkeley Breathed
Guy Berkeley "Berke" Breathed (/ˈbrɛθɪd/; born June 21, 1957) is an American cartoonist, children's book author, director, and screenwriter, known for his comic strips Bloom County, Outland, and Opus. Bloom County earned Breathed the Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Cartooning in 1987.
SS Sirius (1837)
SS Sirius was a wooden-hulled sidewheel steamship built in 1836 by Robert Menzies & Sons of Leith, Scotland for the London-Cork route operated by the Saint George Steam Packet Company. The next year, she opened transatlantic steam passenger service when she was chartered for two voyages by the British and American Steam Navigation Company. By arriving in New York a day ahead of the Great Western, she is usually listed as the first holder of the Blue Riband, although the term was not used until decades later.

St George Steam Packet Company
The St George Steam Packet Company – also referred to as the Liverpool and Isle of Man Steam Packet Company or the St George Steamship Company – was a privately owned maritime transportation company incorporated in 1821. In the early 1840s the business was acquired by the Cork Steamship Company.
SM U-30 (Germany)
SM U-30 was one of 329 U-boat submarines serving in the Imperial German Navy in World War I. She engaged in commerce warfare as part of the First Battle of the Atlantic. U-30 is significant for the torpedoing of the US tanker Gulflight on 1 May 1915 20 nautical miles (37 km; 23 mi) west of Scilly.

Naval warfare of World War I
Naval warfare in World War I was mainly characterised by blockade. The Allied powers, with their larger fleets and surrounding position, largely succeeded in their blockade of Germany and the other Central Powers, whilst the efforts of the Central Powers to break that blockade, or to establish an effective counter blockade with submarines and commerce raiders, were eventually unsuccessful. Major fleet actions were extremely rare and proved less decisive.
2022 Sport Club Corinthians Paulista (women) season
The 2022 season was the 20th season in the history of Sport Club Corinthians Paulista's women team. In addition to the domestic league, Corinthians participated in this season's editions of the Supercopa do Brasil, Copa Libertadores Femenina, Campeonato Paulista and Copa Paulista. Corinthians was coming off a successful 2021 campaign by being the first Brazilian women's club to win the treble after winning the league, Copa Libertadores Femenina, and Campeonato Paulista. There was a mid-season break due to the 2022 Copa América Femenina.

2022 Campeonato Brasileiro de Futebol Feminino Série A1
The 2022 Campeonato Brasileiro Feminino A-1 (officially the Brasileirão Feminino Neoenergia 2022 for sponsorship reasons) was the 10th season of the Campeonato Brasileiro de Futebol Feminino Série A1, the top level of women's football in Brazil, and the 6th edition in a Série A1 since its establishment in 2016. The tournament was organized by the Brazilian Football Confederation (CBF). It started on 4 March and ended on 24 September 2022.

In the finals, the defending champions Corinthians won their fourth title after defeating Internacional 5–2 on aggregate.

CRESSPOM, ESMAC, Red Bull Bragantino and São José were relegated to the 2023 Série A2.
Bill Schaefer (field hockey)
William Paul Schaefer (9 October 1925 – 20 July 2003) was a New Zealand field hockey player. He represented New Zealand in field hockey between 1956 and 1964, including at the 1956, 1960 and 1964 Olympic Games.

New Zealand at the 1964 Summer Olympics
New Zealand at the 1964 Summer Olympics was represented by a team of 64 competitors, 56 men and eight women, who took part in 35 events across 11 sports. Selection of the team for the Games in Tokyo, Japan, was the responsibility of the New Zealand Olympic and British Empire Games Association. New Zealand's flagbearer at the opening ceremony was Peter Snell. The New Zealand team finished equal 12th on the medal table, winning a total of five medals, three of which were gold.
2003 Mieczysław Połukard Criterium of Polish Speedway Leagues Aces
The 22nd Mieczysław Połukard Criterium of Polish Speedway League Aces was the 2003 version of the Mieczysław Połukard Criterium of Polish Speedway Leagues Aces. It took place on March 28 in the Polonia Stadium in Bydgoszcz, Poland.

WTS Sparta Wrocław
WTS Sparta Wrocław, also known as Betard Sparta Wrocław for sponsorship reasons, are a motorcycle speedway team based in Wrocław, Poland. They were established in 1950. The team's home track is at the Olympic Stadium, which has a capacity of 13,675 people. The team currently competes in the Ekstraliga (the highest division) and have won the Team Speedway Polish Championship five times (as of 2025).
Battle of Graspan
The Battle of Graspan, also known as the Battle of Enslin, was an engagement in the Second Boer War near the Enslin railway station at Graspan kopje. The battle took place on November 25, 1899, between British forces led by Lord Methuen and Boers led by Koos de la Rey.

After the Battle of Belmont, Lord Methuen's force advanced up the railway in armored trains. On November 24, the train was shelled by Boer artillery in the nearby hills, derailing it. Methuen then decided to engage the Boers to continue his advance, with a subsequent assault on the next day.

Koos de la Rey
Jacobus Herculaas de la Rey (Afrikaans pronunciation: [jaˈkuəbɵs hærkyˈlɑːs də la ˈrɛi]) (22 October 1847 – 15 September 1914), better known as Koos de la Rey, was a South African military officer who served as a Boer general during the Second Boer War. De la Rey also had a political career and was one of the leading advocates of Boer independence. His death at the hands of the South African Police under controversial circumstances had a major role in sparking the Maritz rebellion.
Hildegard Schumann
Hildegard Schumann (August 31, 1907, Epping – March 16, 1986, Rostock) was a German scholar of English and American studies, and a specialist in the works of John Steinbeck. She was a winner of the Rose Mary Crawshay Prize (1935).

Epping, Essex
Epping is a market town and civil parish in the Epping Forest District of Essex, England. It lies 17 miles (27 km) north-east of Charing Cross in central London. It is surrounded by the northern end of Epping Forest, and stands on a ridge of land between the River Roding and River Lea valleys.

Epping forms part of the London commuter belt; it is the eastern terminus of the London Underground's Central line, and the town lies just outside the M25 London Orbital Motorway. The town has a number of historic Grade I and II* and Grade II listed buildings. The weekly market, which dates to 1253, is held each Monday.

As well as the town itself, the parish also includes Coopersale and Fiddlers Hamlet. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 12,547 and the built up area had a population of 10,695.

Epping became twinned with the German town of Eppingen in north-west Baden-Württemberg in 1981.
Toytown techno
Toytown techno (also known as kiddy rave or cartoon rave) is an underground subgenre of techno that emerged in the early 1990s, characterized by merging techno, jungle, or breakbeat hardcore with samples from children's television series or public information films.

Popular songs within the subgenre include Alpha Team's "Speed", Mark Summers' "Summers Magic", Smart E's "Sesame's Treet", the Prodigy's "Charly", Shaft's "Roobarb and Custard", and Urban Hype's "A Trip to Trumpton", which featured samples from Speed Racer, The Magic Roundabout, Sesame Street, Charley Says, Roobarb, and Trumpton, respectively.

Charly (song)
"Charly" is the debut single released by the British electronic act the Prodigy, later included on their debut album, Experience (1992), although the version featured on the album is the significantly different "Trip into Drum & Bass" remix.

It was released in the UK on 12 August 1991 through XL Recordings on vinyl, CD and cassette tape format. Almost a year later, it was released as a double A-side single with "Everybody in the Place" in the United States on 18 June 1992 through Elektra Records on CD, digipak and maxi-single format.

On 22 November 2004 the single was released on digital download format. On 1 October 1992, "Charly" had sold over 200,000 copies in the UK which in turn enabled it a Silver BPI certification. The Alley Cat Mix of "Charly" features as track number three on the expanded disc two of the band's debut album Experience. "Charly" appears on the band's compilation album Their Law: The Singles 1990–2005 as track number nine.
Society for Art History in Switzerland
The Society for Art History in Switzerland (German: Gesellschaft für Schweizerische Kunstgeschichte (GSK), French: Société d'histoire de l'art en Suisse (SHAS), Italian: Società di storia dell' arte in Svizzera (SSAS)) is a Swiss learned society dedicated to promoting the understanding of Swiss art history and particularly of Swiss topography of art, including the study and maintenance of Swiss cultural heritage sites. The society, founded in 1880, publishes a wide range of monographs, guides, and inventories. These include the series Art monuments of Switzerland (German: Kunstdenkmäler der Schweiz, French: Monuments d'art et d'histoire de la Suisse), which includes more than one hundred volumes, the first of which was published in 1927. It also publishes the quarterly journal Kunst und Architektur in der Schweiz.

Learned society
A learned society (/ˈlɜːrnɪd/ LEHRN-id; also scholarly, intellectual, or academic society) is an organization that exists to promote an academic discipline, profession, or a group of related disciplines such as the arts and sciences. Membership may be open to all, may require possession of some qualification, or may be an honour conferred by election.

Most learned societies are non-profit organizations, and many are professional associations. Their activities typically include holding regular conferences for the presentation and discussion of new research results, and publishing or sponsoring academic journals in their discipline. Some also act as professional bodies, regulating the activities of their members in the public interest or the collective interest of the membership.
Bills Island
Bills Island is an island in Antarctica. It lies northeast of Goudier Island in the harbor of Port Lockroy, in the Palmer Archipelago. It was discovered and charted by the French Antarctic Expedition, 1903–05, under Jean-Baptiste Charcot. The name appears on a chart based on a 1927 Discovery Investigations survey, but may reflect an earlier naming.

Discovery Investigations
The Discovery Investigations were a series of scientific cruises and shore-based investigations into the biology of whales in the Southern Ocean. They were funded by the British Colonial Office and organised by the Discovery Committee in London, which was formed in 1918. They were intended to provide the scientific background to stock management of the commercial Antarctic whale fishery.

Discovery Investigations contributed greatly to knowledge of the whales, the krill they fed on and their habitat's oceanography, while charting the local topography, including Atherton Peak. They continued until 1951, with the final report published in 1980.

Collected specimens are in the Discovery Collections.
The Last Exorcism
The Last Exorcism is a 2010 American found footage supernatural horror film directed by Daniel Stamm. It stars Patrick Fabian, Ashley Bell, Iris Bahr, Caleb Landry Jones, and Louis Herthum.

The film tells the story of a disillusioned evangelical minister who, after years of performing exorcisms, decides to participate in a documentary chronicling his last exorcism while exposing the fraud of his ministry. After receiving a letter from a farmer asking for help in driving out the devil, he meets the farmer's afflicted daughter.
The film received positive reviews from critics and was a box office success, grossing more than $70 million against a $1.8 million budget.

A sequel, The Last Exorcism Part II, was released on March 1, 2013.

Exorcism
Exorcism (from Ancient Greek  ἐξορκισμός (exorkismós) 'binding by oath') is the religious or spiritual practice of evicting demons, jinns, or other malevolent spiritual entities from a person, or an area, that is believed to be possessed. Depending on the spiritual beliefs of the exorcist, this may be done by causing the entity to swear an oath, performing an elaborate ritual, or simply by commanding it to depart in the name of a higher power. The practice is ancient and part of the belief system of many cultures and religions.
Everlasting Night
"Everlasting Night" is a song written by Australian singer Dannii Minogue, Mark Percy, Tim Lever, Ian Masterson and Terry Ronald for the compilation Gay & Lesbian Mardi Gras of 1999 (1999). The song was produced by Ian Masterson. It was released as a single in January 1999 in Australia and reached number 42 on the singles chart, largely helped by the fact that the song was the official theme of the 1999 Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras.

Originally written in 1995 while Minogue was working on material for a new album, she re-arranged it with long-time collaborators Ian Masterson and Terry Ronald after she had been approached by friends who were launching a new record label called Mardi Gras Music, the first gay and lesbian music label. Since its release, the song has become a favourite of Minogue's gay and lesbian fans and had become a live staple at British and Australian gay pride events.

The 1995 version was released on the 2009 album The 1995 Sessions.

The 1995 Sessions
The 1995 Sessions is a 2009 compilation album consisting of previously unreleased demo tracks previously recorded by Australian singer Dannii Minogue fourteen years earlier. It was released by Palare on 7 December 2009. The album consists of rare and previously unheard songs recorded for what would have been Minogue's then third studio album.
Ramagrama stupa
Ramagrama stupa (Nepali: रामग्राम नगरपालिका, also Ramgram, Rāmgrām, Rāmagrāma) is a stupa located in Ramgram Municipality, in the Parasi District of Nepal. This Buddhist pilgrimage site containing relics of Gautama Buddha was constructed between the Mauryan and Gupta periods, according to research by Nepal's Department of Archaeology.

Nawalparasi (West of Bardaghat Susta) district
Nawalparasi (West of Bardaghat Susta) district or Nawalparasi West, as known commonly (Nepali: नवलपरासी (बर्दघाट सुस्ता पश्चिम) वा नवलपरासी पश्चिम [nʌwʌlpʌˈɾasi ˈpʌst͡sim]), also frequently referred to as just Parasi District, is a district located in Lumbini Province of Nepal. It is 1 out of 12 districts of Lumbini Province. The headquarter of the district is located in Ramgram.

Formerly, Nawalparasi West was a part of Nawalparasi District, the other part being Nawalparasi East  (natively called Nawalpur). Thus, the districts Nawalparasi (West of Bardaghat Susta) and Nawalparasi (East of Bardaghat Susta) were created after the state's reconstruction of administrative divisions as of 20 September 2015.

The total area of Nawalparasi District is 634.88 square kilometres (245.13 sq mi) and total population of this district as of 2011 Nepal census is 321058 individuals. Bhojpuri is the local language of the district.
Theodor Poleck
Thomas August Theodor Poleck (November 10, 1821 – June 1, 1906) was a German chemist and pharmacist born in Neisse, Kingdom of Prussia.

He studied at Giessen in the laboratory of Justus von Liebig, and in 1846 travelled to Berlin, where he passed the state examination. Afterwards he worked in his father's pharmacy, and for several years (1853–1867), taught classes at a Realschule in Neisse. In 1867 he succeeded Adolph Ferdinand Duflos as director of the pharmaceutical institute at the University of Breslau. In 1887/88 he was dean of his faculty and in 1888/89 served as rector of the university.

His research dealt with toxicology issues, food chemistry, the study of drinking water and investigations associated with dry rot. He was a good friend of renowned chemist Moritz Traube, who sometimes worked in Poleck's laboratory.

Food chemistry
Food chemistry is the study of chemical processes and interactions of all biological and non-biological components of foods. The biological substances include such items as meat, poultry, lettuce, beer, and milk as examples. It is similar to biochemistry in its main components such as carbohydrates, lipids, and protein, but it also includes substances such as water, vitamins, minerals, enzymes, food additives, flavors, and colors. This discipline also encompasses how products change under certain food processing techniques and ways either to enhance or to prevent those changes from happening. An example of enhancing a process would be to encourage fermentation of dairy products with microorganisms that convert lactose to lactic acid; an example of preventing a process would be stopping the browning on the surface of freshly cut apples using lemon juice or other acidulated water.
HNoMS Vale (N53)
HNoMS Vale (N53) was a Royal Norwegian Navy minelayer. She was built by Mjellem & Karlsen in Bergen in 1978, and named after Odin's son Vale from Norse mythology. Vale was given to the Latvian Navy in 2003. She was renamed Virsaitis, that in translation from Latvian means "Chieftain".

Her sister ship HNoMS Vidar (N52) was sold to Lithuania in 2006.

Váli
In Norse mythology, Váli (Old Norse) or Boe or Bous (Latin) is a god and the son of the god Odin and Rindr (who is either a goddess herself or a human princess, depending on the sources). Váli has numerous brothers including Thor, Baldr, and Víðarr. He was born for the sole purpose of avenging Baldr, and does this by killing Höðr, who was an unwitting participant, and binding Loki with the entrails of his son Narfi. Váli grew to full adulthood within one day of his birth, and slew Höðr before going on to Loki. He is prophesied to survive Ragnarök.
House of Sugar
House of Sugar is the eighth studio album by American musician Alex G, released on September 13, 2019, through Domino Recording Company.

The album's title is a reference to both the SugarHouse Casino (now called Rivers Casino) in Philadelphia and the gingerbread house from "Hansel and Gretel".

Domino Recording Company
Domino Recording Company, or simply Domino, is a British independent record label based in London. There is also a wing of the label based in Brooklyn, New York that handles releases in the United States, as well as a German division called Domino Deutschland and a French division called Domino France. In addition, Stephen Pastel presides over the subsidiary label Geographic Music, which releases more 'unusual' music from Britain and outside of the Western world. In 2011, the company announced that it was beginning a book publishing division, The Domino Press.
Filter'Tron
The Filter'Tron (often written as Filtertron) is an early model of the humbucker guitar pickup invented by Ray Butts.  Butts built the prototype Filter'Tron in 1954 for guitarist Chet Atkins and it was manufactured by Gretsch and installed in almost all of the brand's guitars beginning in 1957.  Gretsch guitars and the "growl" and "twang" of their Filter'Trons were a major part of the sound of early rock and roll, with adopters like Bo Diddley, Duane Eddy, George Harrison, and Neil Young.  After a sharp decline in popularity in the 1970s and early 1980s, the Gretsch brand and Filter'Tron sound experienced a revival when Gretsch aficionado Brian Setzer renewed public interest in the rockabilly genre.  Gretsch guitars have since been adopted by new generations of guitarists, especially in rock music, and many manufacturers now offer Filter'Tron-style pickups.

Fender (company)
33°38′46″N 111°53′57″W﻿ / ﻿33.6460322°N 111.899058°W﻿ / 33.6460322; -111.899058

The Fender Musical Instruments Corporation (FMIC, or simply Fender) is an American manufacturer and marketer of musical instruments and amplifiers. Fender produces acoustic guitars, bass amplifiers and public address equipment; however, it is best known for its solid-body electric guitars and bass guitars, particularly the Stratocaster, Telecaster, Jaguar, Jazzmaster, Precision Bass, and the Jazz Bass. Fender also develops digital audio workstation and scorewriter via its subsidiary PreSonus which was acquired in 2021. The company was founded in Fullerton, California, by Clarence Leonidas "Leo" Fender in 1946. Andy Mooney has served as the chief executive officer (CEO) since June 2015; He has now since retired and Edward 'Bud' Cole took Chief Executive Officer in February of 2026.

In January 2020, Servco Pacific became the majority owner after acquiring the shares of TPG Growth.