hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Baldwin de Boulers
Baldwin de Boulers came to England in 1105 when he was granted the Lordship of Montgomery, Powys in marriage with Sybil de Falaise. Sybil was referred to as the niece of Henry I of England but is commonly believed, probably incorrectly, to be one of his illegitimate children.

Baldwin was of a Flemish family from Boelare and his father was Stephen, Baron de Boelare. Boelare is now known as NederBoelare and is part of the town of Geraardsbergen, East Flanders, Belgium.

The de Boulers were based at Hen Domen, the original site for Montgomery Castle and it is from Baldwin that Montgomery gets its Welsh name, Trefaldwyn "The Town of Baldwin".

The de Boulers continued as a prominent Shropshire family, becoming the Bowdlers.

Flemish people
Flemish people or Flemings (Dutch: Vlamingen [ˈvlaːmɪŋə(n)] ⓘ; French: Flamands) are one of three Belgian main ethnic groups native to Flanders, Belgium, who speak Flemish Dutch. Flemish people make up the majority of Belgians, at about 60%.

Flemish was historically a geographical term, as all inhabitants of the medieval County of Flanders in modern-day Belgium, France and the Netherlands were referred to as "Flemings" irrespective of their ethnicity or language. The contemporary region of Flanders comprises a part of this historical county, as well as parts of the medieval Duchy of Brabant and the medieval County of Loon, where the modern national identity and culture gradually formed.
Bcrypt
bcrypt is a password-hashing function designed by Niels Provos and David Mazières. It is based on the Blowfish cipher and presented at USENIX in 1999. Besides incorporating a salt to protect against rainbow table attacks, bcrypt is an adaptive function: over time, the iteration count can be increased to make it slower, so it remains resistant to brute-force search attacks even with increasing computation power.

The bcrypt function is the default password hash algorithm for OpenBSD, and was the default for some Linux distributions such as SUSE Linux.

There are implementations of bcrypt in C, C++, C#, Embarcadero Delphi, Elixir, Go, Java, JavaScript, Perl, PHP, Ruby, Python, Rust, V (Vlang), Zig and other languages.

Salt (cryptography)
In cryptography, a salt is random data fed as an additional input to a one-way function that hashes data, a password or passphrase. Salting helps defend against attacks that use precomputed tables (e.g. rainbow tables), by vastly growing the size of table needed for a successful attack. It also helps protect passwords that occur multiple times in a database, as a new salt is used for each password instance. Additionally, salting does not place any burden on users.

Typically, a unique salt is randomly generated for each password. The salt and the password (or its version after key stretching) are concatenated and fed to a cryptographic hash function, and the output hash value is then stored with the salt in a database. The salt does not need to be encrypted, because knowing the salt would not help the attacker.

Salting is broadly used in cybersecurity, from Unix system credentials to Internet security.

Salts are related to cryptographic nonces.
Kyle Ranch
Kyle Ranch or Kiel Ranch, was one of the earliest non-Indigenous ranches settled in the Las Vegas Valley. Founded by Conrad Kiel in 1875, the location of the former ranch is in the city of North Las Vegas, where the city maintains the remnants of the site as the "Kiel Ranch Historic Park." The original adobe structure, one of the oldest buildings in Las Vegas, a wooden shed known as the "Doll House," and the cemetery are all that remain after loss of buildings through fire and neglect. Also within the park is an artesian well and a small wetlands, a reminder of what drew travelers and early settlers to the area (the spring provided water allowing the ranch to grow fruits and vegetables). The Nevada Department of Conservation designated the ranch with historical marker 224.

Adobe
Adobe (/əˈdoʊbi/ ⓘ ə-DOH-bee; Spanish: [aˈðoβe]; via Spanish, from Arabic  الطّوب (at-tūb)) is a building material made from loam and organic materials. Adobe is Spanish for mudbrick. In some English-speaking regions of Spanish heritage, such as the Southwestern United States, the term is used to refer to any kind of earthen construction, or various architectural styles like Pueblo Revival or Territorial Revival. Most adobe buildings are similar in appearance to cob and rammed earth buildings. Adobe is among the earliest building materials, and is used throughout the world.

Adobe architecture has been dated to before 5,100 BP.
Claude Juste Alexandre Legrand
Claude Juste Alexandre Louis Legrand (French pronunciation: [klod ʒyst alɛksɑ̃dʁ lwi ləɡʁɑ̃]; 23 February 1762, Le Plessier-sur-Saint-Just, Oise – 9 January 1815, Paris) was a French general. He commanded French divisions at several notable battles of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, including Austerlitz, where his division, as part of the corps of Louis-Nicolas Davout, repelled a huge Coalition, mainly Russian, onslaught. Napoléon made him a Count of the Empire in 1808. He rose to senator on 5 April 1813, then Pair de France on 4 June 1814 and chevalier de Saint-Louis on 27 June 1814. He organised the defence of Chalon-sur-Saône in 1814 and died in Paris in 1815 of wounds received beside the River Berezina.

Order of Saint Louis
The Royal and Military Order of Saint Louis (French: ordre royal et militaire de Saint-Louis) is a dynastic order of chivalry founded 5 April  1693 by King Louis XIV, named after Saint Louis (King Louis IX of France). It was intended as a reward for exceptional officers, notable as the first decoration that could be granted to non-nobles. By the authorities of the French Republic, it is considered a predecessor of the Legion of Honour, with which it shares the red ribbon (though the Legion of Honour is awarded to military personnel and civilians alike).

Although officially abolished by the government authorities of the July Revolution in 1830 following the French Revolution, its activities carried on as a dynastic order of the formerly sovereign royal family. As such, it is still recognised by the International Commission on Orders of Chivalry.
Fremington Pottery
Fremington Pottery in North Devon, was founded by George Fishley in the early 1800s, the pottery was later taken over by George’s grandson, Edwin Beer Fishley (1832-1912). Studio potters Michael Cardew and Bernard Leach were influenced by their work and Leach called Edwin Beer Fishley “the last of the English peasant potters”.

The pottery was acquired by Brannam Pottery in 1915.

The pottery is best known for its slipware and sgraffito designs.

A number of pots are held in the V&A, a Fremington Pottery mottoware jug by Edwin Beer Fishley is a part of the Burton at Bideford pottery collection. The Museum of Barnstaple and North Devon has a large collection and a harvest jug, created for Mary Parminter in 1829 is on display at A La Ronde near Exmouth, Devon.

A la Ronde
A la Ronde is an 18th-century, 16-sided cottage orné near Lympstone, Exmouth, Devon, England, in the ownership of the National Trust. The house was built for two spinster cousins, Jane and Mary Parminter. It is a Grade I listed building, as are the adjacent Point-In-View chapel, school and almshouses, together with a manse, which were also built by the cousins. The gardens are Grade II listed in the National Register of Historic Parks and Gardens.
Desert War (horse)
Desert War (foaled 8 October 2000) was an Australian Thoroughbred racehorse gelding that won six Group one (G1) races including the Epsom Handicap (twice), Chipping Norton Stakes, LKS Mackinnon Stakes, AJC Queen Elizabeth Stakes and Ranvet Stakes.

He is a big brown gelding weighing over 600 kg, that has a star and a white sock on his near (left) hind leg. He was sired by Desert King who won the Irish Derby Stakes and Irish 2,000 Guineas and was the sire of 13 stakeswinners with 34 stakeswins including Makybe Diva (GB). Desert King was inbred to Northern Dancer in the third generation (3m x 4f). Desert War’s dam was High Heels (by Canny Lad) who is the dam of nine named horses, but Desert War is her only stakes winner.

Ranvet Stakes
The Ranvet Stakes is an Australian Turf Club Group 1 Weight for Age Thoroughbred horse race for three-year-olds and older over a distance of 2,000 metres, held at Rosehill Gardens Racecourse in Sydney, Australia in March. Total prize money is A$1,000,000.
Jekyll and Hyde... Together Again
Jekyll and Hyde...Together Again is a 1982 sex comedy based on the 1886 novella Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson and stars Mark Blankfield, Bess Armstrong, Tim Thomerson, Krista Errickson, Cassandra Peterson, and Michael McGuire.

In the film, the surgeon Dr. Daniel Jekyll collapses from physical and mental exhaustion while experimenting with a type of powdered drug. His accidental inhalation of the powder transforms him into Hyde, a more confident persona. A love triangle forms between Jekyll/Hyde, his would-be-bride Mary Carew, and the nightclub performer Ivy Venus. Both women eventually learn about his two personalities, but Mary is only interested in Hyde and Ivy is only interested in Jekyll. The two women eventually hold their love interest captive, while negotiating with each other in a cemetery about a mutually beneficial deal.

Bess Armstrong
Elizabeth Key "Bess" Armstrong (born December 11, 1953) is an American actress. She is known for her roles in the films The Four Seasons (1981), High Road to China (1983), Jaws 3-D (1983), and Nothing in Common (1986). Armstrong also starred in the ABC drama series My So-Called Life and had lead roles in a number of made-for-television films.
Hadhrami Rebellion (659)
The Hadhrami Rebellion (659) was a military uprising carried out by Uthmaniyya rebels under the leadership of Abd Allah ibn Amir al-Hadhrami, supported by Mu'awiya I, against Ali's authority in Basra. The uprising ended in failure after Ali's forces besieged the rebels.

Kufa
Kufa (Arabic: الْكُوفَة "al-Kūfah"), also spelled Kufah, is a city in Iraq, about 170 kilometres (110 mi) south of Baghdad, and 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) northeast of Najaf. It is located on the banks of the Euphrates River. The estimated population in 2003 was 110,000.

Along with Najaf, Karbala, Mashhad, Samarra, Kadhimiya and Qom, Kufa is one of the holiest cities in Shia Islam. The city was founded in 638 CE (17 Hijrah) during the reign of the second Rashidun Caliph, Umar ibn Al-Khattab, and it was the final capital of the last Rashidun Caliph, Ali ibn Abi Talib. Kufa was also the founding capital of the Abbasid Caliphate. During the Islamic Golden Age it was home to the grammarians of Kufa. Kufic script is named for the city.

The Palestinian keffiyeh, also known as kufiya and worn by Arab men, originated from Kufa, and is worn today to convey diverse political sentiments. Due to heightened global consumer demand, most keffiyehs are now manufactured in China.
Public–public partnership
A public–public partnership (PuP) is a partnership between a government body or public authority and another such body or a non-profit organization to provide services and/or facilities, sometimes with the goal of transferring technical skills and expertise within international development projects. Partners can include other local, regional, state, provincial, first nations or aboriginal governments, national or federal governments, school boards, parks boards, non-governmental organizations, unions, pension funds, professional organizations, and governments, labour, non-governmental organizations and community groups in developing countries.

Public–public partnerships exist in contrast to public–private partnerships (P3s or PPPs). 
PPPs involve governments contracting corporations to design, build, finance, maintain and operate public projects like schools, hospitals and bridges. They usually involve large global corporations with contracts often lasting decades.

Public-benefit nonprofit corporation
A public-benefit nonprofit corporation is a type of nonprofit corporation chartered by a U.S. state government and organized primarily or exclusively for social, educational, recreational or charitable purposes by like-minded citizens. Public-benefit nonprofit corporations are distinct in the law from mutual-benefit nonprofit corporations in that they are organized for the general public benefit rather than for the interest of its members. They are also distinct in the law from religious corporations.
Friends (1912 film)
Friends is a 1912 silent short film written and directed by D. W. Griffith and starring Mary Pickford, Henry B. Walthall, Lionel Barrymore, and Harry Carey. Walthall and Barrymore portray two old friends who each wind up involved with a beautiful girl (Pickford) who lives above a mining camp saloon.

The film, by the Biograph Company, was shot in Fort Lee, New Jersey when many early film studios in America's first motion picture industry were based there at the beginning of the 20th century. A print of Friends was run at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City in July 2007 as part of a Biograph retrospective.

It contains what Mary Pickford said in a CBC Radio interview to be the first closeup shot in all of cinema (one taken of herself).

Harry Carey (actor)
Henry DeWitt Carey II (January 16, 1878 – September 21, 1947) was an American actor and one of silent film's earliest superstars, usually cast as a Western hero. One of his best-known performances is as the president of the United States Senate in the drama film Mr. Smith Goes to Washington (1939), for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. He was the father of Harry Carey Jr., who was also a prominent actor.
Palpitation (painting)
Palpitation is an 1844 genre painting by the British artist Charles West Cope. It depicts a fashionable young woman waiting in a state of or anxiety as the postman and a servant are gossiping on the doorstep. She is waiting for a letter, either from a suitor or a secret lover.

The painting was displayed at the Royal Academy Exhibition of 1844 held at London's National Gallery. It was acquired by the art collector John Sheepshanks, who included it in his large donation of paintings to the Victoria and Albert Museum in 1857.

Mail carrier
A mail carrier, also referred to as a mailman, mailperson, postal carrier, postman, postperson, person of post, letter carrier (in American English), or colloquially postie (in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom), is an employee of a post office or postal service who delivers mail and parcel post to residences and businesses. The term "mail carrier" came to be used as a gender-neutral substitute for "mailman" soon after women began performing the job. In the Royal Mail, the official name changed from "letter carrier" to "postman" in 1883, and "postwoman" has also been used for many years.
Mesitite
Mesitite (from Ancient Greek: μεσιτης — middle, between), formerly better known as mesitine spar, ferrous magnesite or brown spar is a variety of magnesite, a carbonate mineral, one of the so-called brown spars, regarded as an iron-bearing variety of magnesite or, in other cases, breunnerite. True to its name, mesitite is the middle member of a continuous isomorphic series magnesite—siderite with the general formula (Mg,Fe)CO3, in which the iron ion content (Fe2+) is approximately 30 to 50%,: 516  and the iron to magnesium ratio ranges, accordingly, from 30:70 to 50:50.

Luminescence
Luminescence can be simply defined as any emission of visible electromagnetic radiation (light) not ascribable directly to incandescence. Incandescence emerges at high temperatures due to thermal radiation; in contrast, because luminescence is often independent of temperature, it is sometimes termed cold light. However, some kinds of luminescence (e.g., candoluminescence, pyroluminescence, thermoluminescence) are associated with or require elevated temperatures. Notably, luminescence is exhibited by primary light sources (which emit light) rather than by secondary light sources (which reflect or transmit light).

Luminescence has also been defined to include all optical radiation, rather than being limited to visible radiation. In addition, it has been defined as a spontaneous emission of radiation from an electronically or vibrationally excited species not in thermal equilibrium with its environment.
Najaf Governorate
Najaf Governorate (Arabic: محافظة النجف, romanized: Muḥāfażat an-Najaf) is a governorate in central and southern Iraq. The capital is the city of Najaf, with another major city being Al Kufah. Both cities are holy to Shia Muslims, who form the majority of the population.

Kufa
Kufa (Arabic: الْكُوفَة "al-Kūfah"), also spelled Kufah, is a city in Iraq, about 170 kilometres (110 mi) south of Baghdad, and 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) northeast of Najaf. It is located on the banks of the Euphrates River. The estimated population in 2003 was 110,000.

Along with Najaf, Karbala, Mashhad, Samarra, Kadhimiya and Qom, Kufa is one of the holiest cities in Shia Islam. The city was founded in 638 CE (17 Hijrah) during the reign of the second Rashidun Caliph, Umar ibn Al-Khattab, and it was the final capital of the last Rashidun Caliph, Ali ibn Abi Talib. Kufa was also the founding capital of the Abbasid Caliphate. During the Islamic Golden Age it was home to the grammarians of Kufa. Kufic script is named for the city.

The Palestinian keffiyeh, also known as kufiya and worn by Arab men, originated from Kufa, and is worn today to convey diverse political sentiments. Due to heightened global consumer demand, most keffiyehs are now manufactured in China.
Siva Charan Singh
Siva Charan Singh (born 29 November 1993) is an Indian cricketer. He made his List A debut for Andhra in the 2016–17 Vijay Hazare Trophy on 3 March 2017. He made his first-class debut for Andhra in the 2018–19 Ranji Trophy on 12 November 2018.

Andhra cricket team
The Andhra cricket team is an Indian domestic cricket team representing the South Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. The team's main home ground is ACA-VDCA International Cricket Stadium at Visakhapatnam, while some home matches are also played at Anantapur and Kadapa. C. K. Nayudu was the first captain of the team.
Maenalus (Arcadia)
Maenalus or Mainalos (Ancient Greek: Μαίναλος) was a town of ancient Arcadia, and the capital of the district Maenalia (Μαιναλία), which formed part of the territory of Megalopolis upon the foundation of the latter city. Maenalus was in ruins in the time of Pausanias, who mentions a temple of Athena, a stadium, and a hippodrome, as belonging to the place.

According to the myth it was founded by Maenalus, son of Lycaon.

Its site is tentatively located near the modern Davia.

Megalopolis, Greece
Megalopoli (Greek: Μεγαλόπολη, Megalopoli) is a town in the southwestern part of the regional unit of Arcadia, southern Greece. It is located on the same site as ancient Megalopolis (Ancient Greek: Μεγαλόπολις, romanized: Megalópolis, lit. 'large/great city'). When it was founded in 371 BC, it was the first large urbanization in rustic Arcadia. Its theatre had a capacity of 20,000 visitors, making it one of the largest ancient Greek theatres.

Today, Megalopoli has several schools, shops, churches, hotels and other services. The population of Megalopoli in 2021 was 5,344 residents.
Econography
Econography is the study of spending profiles of a population of a region and the culture of its people, down to the postcode level, including consumer and business spending by gender, age, income, living situation and location. Econographic trends describe the historical changes in category spending over time, by segment or community.

Consumer
A consumer is a person or a group who intends to order, or use purchased goods, products, or services primarily for personal, social, family, household and similar needs, who is not directly related to entrepreneurial or business activities.  The term most commonly refers to a person who purchases goods and services for personal use.
Candidates of the 1915 Queensland state election
The 1915 Queensland state election was held on 22 May 1915.

The main parties in the election were the Liberal Party, led by Premier Digby Denham and the Labor Party, led by Leader of the Opposition T. J. Ryan.

Queensland Labor Party
The Queensland Labor Party, officially known as the Australian Labor Party (State of Queensland) and commonly referred to as Queensland Labor or simply Labor, is the branch of the Australian Labor Party (ALP) in the state of Queensland. It has functioned in the state since the 1880s. The Queensland branch of the Australian Labor Party was the first Labour Party to win government in the world, when, in December 1899, following the resignation of the Dickson ministry, Queensland Labour leader Anderson Dawson accepted an offer by Lieutenant-Governor Samuel Griffith to form a government.
2018 Cork Senior Hurling Championship
The 2018 Cork Senior Hurling Championship was the 130th staging of the Cork Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887. The draw for the 2018 opening fixtures took place on 10 December 2017. The championship began on 22 March 2018 and ended on 14 October 2018.

Imokilly were the defending champions.

On 14 October 2018, Imokilly won the championship after a 4–19 to 1–18 defeat of Midleton in the final at Páirc Uí Chaoimh. It was their fourth championship title overall and their second title in succession.

Midleton's Conor Lehane was the championship's top scorer with 2-37.

Kilshannig GAA
Kilshannig GAA is a Gaelic Athletic Association club in the parish of Glantane, County Cork, Ireland. The club is affiliated to the North Cork Board and fields teams in both hurling and Gaelic football.
Silent Friend
Silent Friend (German: Stiller Freund) is a 2025 film written and directed by Ildikó Enyedi. Starring Tony Leung Chiu-wai, Léa Seydoux, Luna Wedler, Sylvester Groth and Martin Wuttke, it follows a single tree through three loosely connected stories in different eras: 1908, 1972, and 2020.

The film had its world premiere in the main competition of the 82nd Venice International Film Festival on 5 September 2025, where it won the FIPRESCI Prize and the Marcello Mastroianni Award for Wedler.

International Federation of Film Critics
The International Federation of Film Critics (FIPRESCI, short for Fédération Internationale de la Presse Cinématographique) is an association of national organizations of professional film critics and film journalists from around the world for "the promotion and development of film culture and for the safeguarding of professional interests." It was founded in June 1930 in Brussels, Belgium. It has members in more than 50 countries worldwide.
KRAV-FM
KRAV-FM (96.5 MHz, "Mix 96.5"), is a commercial radio station in Tulsa, Oklahoma, owned by Zoellner Media Group. KRAV airs a hot adult contemporary radio format, playing a mix of pop hits from the 1990s to today. Its studios and offices are located in the Cox Broadcasting Complex on South Memorial Drive, near Interstate 44 in Tulsa. The transmitter is on Route 97 in the Osage Reservation north of Sand Springs.

Sand Springs, Oklahoma
Sand Springs is a city in Osage, Creek and Tulsa counties in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. A western suburb of Tulsa, it is located predominantly in Tulsa County. The population was 19,874 in the 2020 U. S. Census, an increase of 5.1 percent from the figure of 18,906 recorded in 2010.