hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Aetna
Aetna Inc. (/ˈɛtnə/ ET-nə) is an American managed health care company that sells traditional and consumer directed health care insurance and related services, such as medical, pharmaceutical, dental, behavioral health, long-term care, and disability plans, primarily through employer-paid (fully or partly) insurance and benefit programs, and through Medicare. Since November 28, 2018, the company has been a subsidiary of CVS Health.

The company's network includes 22.1 million medical members, 12.7 million dental members, 13.1 million pharmacy benefit management services members, 1.2 million health-care professionals, over 690,000 primary care doctors and specialists, and over 5,700 hospitals.

Aetna is descended from Aetna (Fire) Insurance Company of Hartford, Connecticut. The name of the company is based on Mount Etna, at the time the most active volcano in Europe.

New York State Insurance Department
The New York State Insurance Department (NYSID) was the state agency responsible for supervising and regulating all insurance business in New York State.  It was regarded in the industry as one of the most state-of-the-art insurance regulatory agencies.

Continuing education for insurance professionals is regulated by each state's Department for Insurance, although there are commonalties across the states.  See Insurance Continuing Education.

Effective October 3, 2011, Governor Andrew Cuomo and the New York State Legislature consolidated the New York State Insurance Department and the New York State Banking Department and created the New York State Department of Financial Services.
Aliabad Chi
Aliabad Chi (Persian: علي ابادچي, also Romanized as ‘Alīābād Chī and ‘Alīābādchī) is a village in Borkhar-e Sharqi Rural District, Habibabad District, Borkhar County, Isfahan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 113, in 32 families.

Borkhar-e Sharqi Rural District
Borkhar-e Sharqi Rural District (Persian: دهستان برخوار شرقي) is in Habibabad District of Borkhar County, Isfahan province, Iran. It is administered from the city of Komeshcheh. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Mohsenabad.
Shalban Vihara
Shalban Vihara (Sanskrit; Bengali: শালবন বিহার Shalban Bihar) is an archaeological site in Moinamoti, Comilla, Bangladesh. The ruins are in the middle of the Lalmai hills ridge, and these are of a 7th-century Paharpur-style Buddhist Bihar with 115 cells for monks. It operated through the 12th century.

Excavations have revealed many archaeological artifacts dated to between the 7th and 12th centuries.

Comilla District
Comilla District, officially known as Cumilla District, (Bengali: কুমিল্লা জেলা) is a district located in southeastern Bangladesh. It is a part of the Chittagong Division. It lies about 100 kilometres (60 mi) southeast of Dhaka. Comilla is bordered by Brahmanbaria and Narayanganj districts to the north, Noakhali and Feni districts to the south, Tripura state of India to the east and Munshiganj and Chandpur districts to the west.
Detroit Cardinals
The Detroit Cardinals (also known as the Olympians) were an American basketball team based in Detroit, Michigan that was a member of the American Basketball League.

The team dropped out of the 1927–28 season on January 2, 1928, after their contract with Olympia Stadium was canceled due to poor attendance.

Detroit Olympia
Detroit Olympia, also known as Olympia Stadium, was a multi-purpose arena in Detroit. Nicknamed "The Old Red Barn", it was best known as the home of the Detroit Red Wings of the National Hockey League (NHL) from its opening in 1927 to 1979.
Whangamata Beach Hop
The Whangamata Beach Hop  is an event held in the town of Whangamatā, on the southeast coast of the Coromandel Peninsula in the North Island of New Zealand.

The first Beach Hop Whangamata Event was held in April 2001 and was established to coincide with the local Rock and Roll Club's birthday hop, which was bringing people to the town.

The 2002 Beach Hop Festival put Whangamatā on the map for its rock and roll clubs, bands, hot rods, classic cars and motorcycles. Entrants were received from overseas. The event was featured in a number of national publications.

Beach Hop 2010 had a police estimate of 60,000 people in attendance.

Coromandel Peninsula
36°50′S 175°35′E﻿ / ﻿36.833°S 175.583°E﻿ / -36.833; 175.583

The Coromandel Peninsula (Māori: Te Tara-o-te-Ika-a-Māui) on the North Island of New Zealand extends 85 kilometres (53 mi) north from the western end of the Bay of Plenty, forming a natural barrier protecting the Hauraki Gulf and the Firth of Thames in the west from the Pacific Ocean to the east. It is 40 kilometres (25 mi) wide at its broadest point. Almost its entire population lives on the narrow coastal strips fronting the Hauraki Gulf and the Bay of Plenty. In clear weather the peninsula is clearly visible from Auckland, the country's biggest city, which lies on the far shore of the Hauraki Gulf, 55 kilometres (34 mi) to the west. The peninsula is part of the Thames-Coromandel District and the Waikato Region.
John Whitcombe
John Whitcombe, D.D. (died 22 September 1753) was an Anglican bishop in Ireland in the 18th century.

Whitcombe was educated at Trinity College, Dublin after which he became Chaplain to the Duke of Dorset then Rector of Louth.  He was consecrated Bishop of Clonfert and Kilmacduagh in January 1735; and was also appointed in commendam to Kilfenora in 1742.  In 1752 he was  translated to Down and Connor and finally to the Archbishopric of Cashel later that year.

He died on 22 September 1753.

Archbishop of Cashel
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The Archbishop of Cashel (Irish: Ard-Easpag Chaiseal Mumhan) was an archiepiscopal title which took its name after the town of Cashel, County Tipperary in Ireland. Following the Reformation, there had been parallel apostolic successions to the title: one in the Catholic Church and the other in the Church of Ireland. The archbishop of each denomination also held the title of Bishop of Emly. In the Catholic Church, it was superseded by the role of Archbishop of Cashel and Emly when the two dioceses were united in 2015 and in the Church of Ireland the title was downgraded to a bishopric in 1838.
1979 Brisbane Rugby League season
The 1979 Brisbane Rugby League premiership was the 72nd season of Brisbane's professional rugby league football competition. Eight teams from across Brisbane competed for the premiership, which culminated in a grand final match between the Fortitude Valley and Southern Suburbs clubs.

Souths Logan Magpies
The Souths Logan Magpies, more commonly referred to by their former names Southern Suburbs Magpies, or South Brisbane Magpies, or often simply referred to as Souths, are a rugby league football club based in the southern suburbs of Brisbane, Australia. They play in the Hostplus Cup, and although officially are a newer club (having been formed in 2003), they have roots tracing back (as Souths Magpies) to as early as 1910, the second year of rugby league in Queensland.
Soviet–German Syphilis Expedition
The Soviet–German Syphilis Expedition was a joint Soviet and German expedition that took place in 1928. It comprised eight medical researchers from each country and its purpose was to investigate endemic syphilis in the Kul’skoe region of the Buryat-Mongolian Autonomous Republic in Siberia and to determine the efficacy of the anti-syphilis drug Salvarsan. The expedition concluded, contrary to expectations, that although affected by poor sanitation and lifestyle, the spread of syphilis in the area was caused primarily by sexual activity.

Buryatia
Buryatia, officially the Republic of Buryatia, is a republic of Russia located in the Russian Far East. Formerly part of the Siberian Federal District, it has been administered as part of the Far Eastern Federal District since 2018. To its north lie Irkutsk Oblast and Lake Baikal, the deepest lake in the world; Zabaykalsky Krai to the east; Tuva to the west and Mongolia to the south. Its capital is the city of Ulan-Ude. It has an area of 351,300 square kilometers (135,600 sq mi) with a population of 978,588 (2021 Census). It is home to the indigenous Buryats.
Ewerby
Ewerby is a village in the civil parish of Ewerby and Evedon, in the North Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. It lies 3 miles (4.8 km) north-east from Sleaford and 2 miles (3.2 km) south from Anwick. The hamlet of Ewerby Thorpe lies 0.7 miles (1.1 km) to the east from Ewerby.

North Kesteven
North Kesteven is a local government district in Lincolnshire, England. The council is based in Sleaford. The district also contains the town of North Hykeham, which adjoins the neighbouring city of Lincoln, along with numerous villages and surrounding rural areas.

The neighbouring districts are Lincoln, West Lindsey, East Lindsey, Boston, South Holland, South Kesteven and Newark and Sherwood.
Duggirala mandal
Duggirala mandal is one of the 18 mandals in Guntur district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is under the administration of Tenali revenue division and the headquarters are located at Duggirala. The mandal is bounded by Mangalagiri, Pedakakani, Tenali and Kollipara mandals. Krishna River lies to the northeast of the Duggirala mandal.

Tenali mandal
Tenali mandal is one of the 18 mandals in Guntur district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is under the administration of Tenali revenue division, headquartered at Tenali.: 650 : 14  The mandal is located in Velanadu region, bounded by Pedakakani, Duggirala, Kollipara, Vemuru, Amruthalur, Tsundur and Chebrole mandals.
James Hall (singer)
James Vincent Hall (born January 2, 1968, in Harris County, Texas, United States) is an American rock singer and guitarist, best known for his gothic-style lyrics, distinctive voice, avant-garde performances and eclectic compositions.

Amy Ray
Amy Elizabeth Ray (born April 12, 1964) is an American singer-songwriter and member of the contemporary folk duo Indigo Girls with Emily Saliers. She also pursues a solo career, releasing ten albums under her own name, and founded the independent label Daemon Records in 1989. Ray is known for her alto and tenor range, and plays both electric and acoustic guitar, as well as mandolin and harmonica.
Ibn al-Najjar
Abū ʿAbdallāh Muḥammad b. Maḥmūd b. al-Ḥasan b. Hibatallāh b. Maḥāsin al-Baghdādī, Muḥibb al-Dīn Ibn al-Najjār, commonly known as Ibn al-Najjār (Arabic: ابن النجار), was a Baghdadi Sunni scholar of the late Abbasid era. He is regarded as the leading Shafi'i muhaddith of his age and the leading authority on biographical history as well. He was the senior pupil of Ibn al-Dubaythi.

Muhaddith
A muhaddith (Arabic: ْمُحَدِّث) is a scholar specialized in the study, collection, and interpretation of hadiths, which are the recorded sayings, actions, and approvals of the Prophet Muhammad. The role of a muhaddith is central to the science of hadith (ʻilm al-ḥadīth), a key field for understanding and preserving Islamic teachings and laws. Muhaddith can either disseminate the hadiths or compile them into an ahadith.
Veit Bach
Vitus "Veit" Bach (around 1550 Pozsony ? Kingdom of Hungary – 8 March 1619, Wechmar) was a German baker and miller who, according to Johann Sebastian Bach, founded the Bach family, which became one of the most important families in musical history.

Bach family
The Bach family is a family of notable composers of the Baroque and Classical periods of music, the best-known of whom was Johann Sebastian Bach (1685–1750). There are surviving ancestors of the Erfurt Line, like great-great-great grandson of Frederich Leopold Bach or the daughters of Philip Frederick Bach, Susan Jean Weaver and Nancy Louis Hertzog Bach. A family genealogy was drawn up by Johann Sebastian Bach himself in 1735 when he was 50 and was continued by his son Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach.
Bog-à-Lanières Ecological Reserve
Bog-à-Lanières Ecological Reserve is an ecological reserve of Quebec, Canada. The ecological reserve aims to ensure the protection of  ombrotrophic peatlands in the Laurentians region. It is also one of the rare thong bog in Quebec.

Ecological reserves of Quebec
Ecological reserves of Quebec are protected areas devoted to conservation, education and research.
They are generally closed to the public, with the exception of Serpentine-de-Coleraine, Forêt-la-Blanche des Tourbières-de-Lanoraie and Île-Brion. 
They are managed by the Ministry of Sustainable Development, Environment, Wildlife and Parks. 
According to the protected area classification of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature, Quebec's ecological reserves fall into IUCN category 1a, which is the highest level of protection in the world. 
Thus, there is no exploration or exploitation of natural resources, no roads can pass through the reserve, no energy equipment is allowed and hunting, trapping and fishing activities are prohibited.
Nicola Belmonte
Nicola Belmonte (born 15 April 1987) is a former Italian professional footballer. He preferred to play as a right back but could also play as a centre back. He is currently working for Cosenza as the first team assistant coach.

Siena FC SSD
Siena Football Club Società Sportiva Dilettantistica, commonly referred to as Siena, is an Italian football club based in Siena, Tuscany. The club was re-incorporated in 2020 after the bankruptcy of the previous legal entity Robur Siena, which itself was the reincarnation of the original club Associazione Calcio Siena. Siena's predecessor was founded in 1904.

Siena plays its home games at the Stadio Artemio Franchi. The ground's capacity is 15,373 and is located in the centre of Siena.
Fly ball pitcher
A fly ball pitcher is a type of baseball pitcher who produces an above-average number of fly balls, typically by keeping his fastball high up in the strike zone and relying on late movement to cause the batter to be unable to make solid contact. This designation is constructed around the ground ball fly ball ratio, which measures how frequently a pitcher gets batters out on fly balls versus ground balls.

The downside of a fly ball pitcher is that, in a ballpark where the design tends to favor hitters over pitchers (an example being Yankee Stadium), a fly ball pitcher will tend to give up more home runs, resulting in a higher earned run average.

Examples include pitchers Sid Fernandez, Ted Lilly, Chris Young and Marco Estrada.

Batted ball
In the sports of baseball and softball, a batted ball is a pitch that has been contacted by the batter's bat. Batted balls are either fair or foul, and can be characterized as a fly ball, pop-up, line drive, or ground ball.  In baseball, a foul ball counts as a strike against the batter, unless there are already two strikes on the batter, with special rules applying to foul tips and foul bunts. Fly balls are those hit in an arcing manner, with pop-ups being a subset of fly balls that do not travel far.  Line drives are batted balls hit on a straight line trajectory, while ground balls are hit at a low trajectory, contact the ground shortly after being hit, and then either roll or bounce.  Batted balls, especially line drives, can present a hazard to players, umpires, and spectators, as people have been seriously injured or killed after being struck by batted balls.
Judo in the United States
There are three main organizations that govern judo in the United States. The United States Judo Federation (USJF) started in 1952. The concentration of the USJF is on the east and west coasts, but also in Chicago and Hawaii. The United States Judo Association (USJA) was founded in 1968 as an extension of the Armed Forces Judo Association (AFJA) when it broke off from the USJF to focus on a more Americanized structure. The USJA is mostly concentrated in California and Florida, but also popular in the Midwest and Southeast. The United States Judo, Inc. (USJI), doing business as USA Judo, was founded in 1978 and has its headquarters in Colorado Springs, Colorado. It is slightly larger than the USJA and USJF, as they have crossover members from both of these organizations, since they are the designated national governing body of the USOC for the Olympics.

United States Judo Association
The United States Judo Association is a sports association in the United States. It was formed in 1969 following a reorganization of the Armed Forces Judo Association, and is one of three national judo associations in the United States, the other two being USA Judo and the United States Judo Federation.
Five Great Kilns
The Five Great Kilns (Chinese: 五大名窯; pinyin: Wǔ dàmíng yáo), also known as Five Famous Kilns, is a generic term for ceramic kilns or wares (in Chinese 窯 yáo can mean either) which produced Chinese ceramics during the Song dynasty (960–1279) that were later held in particularly high esteem.  The group were only so called by much later writers, and of the five, only two (Ru and Guan) seem to have produced wares directly ordered by the Imperial court, though all can be of very high quality.  All were imitated later, often with considerable success.

All except Ding ware used celadon glazes, and in Western terms the celadon kilns are stoneware, as opposed to the Ding early porcelain.  The celadons placed great emphasis on elegant forms and their ceramic glazes, and were otherwise lightly decorated, with no painting.

The five kilns produced respectively:

Ru ware (汝)

Jun ware (钧)

Guan ware (官)

Ding ware (定)

Ge ware (哥)

Kiln
A kiln is a thermally insulated chamber, a type of oven, that produces temperatures sufficient to complete some process, such as hardening, drying, or chemical changes. Kilns have been used for millennia to turn objects made from clay into pottery, tiles and bricks. Various industries use rotary kilns for pyroprocessing (to calcinate ores, such as limestone to lime for cement) and to transform many other materials.
TM-57 mine
The TM-57 mine is a large, circular Soviet metal-cased blast anti-tank mine. It can either be triggered by a pressure or a tilt-rod fuze. A development of the TM-46 mine, but with more explosive. It is found in Africa (including Angola and Ethiopia), the Middle East, and South East Asia.

Anti-tank mine
An anti-tank or AT mine is a type of land mine designed to damage or destroy vehicles including tanks and armored fighting vehicles.

Compared to anti-personnel mines, anti-tank mines typically have a much larger explosive charge, and a fuze designed to be triggered by vehicles or, in some cases, remotely or by tampering with the mine.
1956 Torneo di Viareggio
The 1956 winners of the Torneo di Viareggio (in English, the Viareggio Tournament, officially the Viareggio Cup World Football Tournament Coppa Carnevale), the annual youth football tournament held in Viareggio, Tuscany, are listed below.

Torneo di Viareggio
The Torneo di Viareggio (English: Viareggio Tournament), officially named the Viareggio Cup World Football Tournament Coppa Carnevale, is a youth association football tournament held annually in the commune of Viareggio, Italy and its surrounding areas. Established in 1949, the Torneo di Viareggio is considered one of the most important youth football tournaments in the world.

It coincides with the Carnival of Viareggio, starting on the third Monday of Carneval. The tournament runs for a fortnight, and finishes on the last Monday of Carnival. For this reason, it is also known as Coppa Carnevale (English: Carnival Cup).
Wu-chi Liu
Wu-chi Liu (traditional Chinese: 柳無忌; simplified Chinese: 柳无忌; pinyin: Liǔ Wújì; Wade–Giles: Liu3 Wu2-chi4; 1907 – October 3, 2002) was a scholar of Chinese literature and writer. His works include editing Sunflower Splendor: Three Thousand Years of Chinese Poetry, an anthology of translated Chinese poetry widely used in teaching.

Chinese literature
The history of Chinese literature extends thousands of years, and begins with the earliest recorded inscriptions, court archives, building to the major works of philosophy and history written during the Axial Age. The Han (202 BC – 220 AD) and Tang (618–907 AD) dynasties were considered golden ages of poetry, while the Song (960–1279) and Yuan (1271–1368) were notable for their lyrics (ci), essays, dramas, and plays. During the Ming and Qing, mature novels were written in written vernacular Chinese, an evolution from the preeminence of Literary Chinese patterned off the language of the Chinese classics. The introduction of widespread woodblock printing during the Tang and the invention of movable type printing by Bi Sheng (990–1051) during the Song rapidly spread written knowledge throughout China. Around the turn of the 20th century, the author Lu Xun (1881–1936) is considered an influential voice of vernacular Chinese literature.
The Short-Wave Mystery
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The Short-Wave Mystery is the twenty-fourth volume in the original The Hardy Boys series of mystery books for children and teens published by Grosset & Dunlap.

This book was written for the Stratemeyer Syndicate by Leslie McFarlane in 1945. Between 1959 and 1973, the first 38 volumes of this series were systematically revised as part of a project directed by Harriet Adams, Edward Stratemeyer's daughter. The original version of this book was rewritten in 1966 by David Grambs, resulting in two different stories with the same title.

Grosset & Dunlap
Grosset & Dunlap is a New York City-based publishing house founded in 1898.

The company was purchased by G. P. Putnam's Sons in 1982 and today is part of Penguin Random House through its subsidiary Penguin Group.

In recent years, through the Penguin Group, they have published approximately 170 titles a year, including licensed children's books for such properties as Miss Spider, Strawberry Shortcake, Super Why!, Charlie and Lola, Nova the Robot, Weebles, Bratz, The Wiggles, Sonic X, and Atomic Betty. Grosset & Dunlap also publishes Dick and Jane children's books and, through Platt & Munk, The Little Engine That Could.
Chris Little
Chris Little is a Scottish-born football coach and former player. He is currently an assistant coach for Major League Soccer side Colorado Rapids. He was previously head coach of Tacoma Defiance, the second-division affiliate of Seattle Sounders FC. He played professionally for the Wilmington Hammerheads of the USL Second Division and previously coached various amateur and college teams in North Carolina and Kentucky.

University of North Carolina at Pembroke
The University of North Carolina at Pembroke (UNC Pembroke or UNCP) is a public university in Pembroke, North Carolina, United States. UNC Pembroke is a master's level degree-granting university and part of the University of North Carolina system. Its history is intertwined with that of the Lumbee nation.
2015 All-Ireland Junior Football Championship
The 2015 All-Ireland Junior Football Championship was the 85th staging of the All-Ireland Junior Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1912. The competition ran from 6 May to 8 August 2015.

Cavan entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Louth n the Leinster quarter-final.

The All-Ireland final was played on 8 August 2015 at Croke Park in Dublin, between Kerry and Mayo, in what was their third ever meeting in the final and a first in three years. Kerry won the match by 2–18 to 0–10 to claim their 16th championship title overall and a first tile in three.

Kerry's Conor Cox was the championship's top scorer with 3-15.

1912 All-Ireland Junior Football Championship
The 1912 All-Ireland Junior Football Championship was the first staging of the All-Ireland Junior Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's second tier Gaelic football championship.

The All-Ireland final was played on 23 February 1913 at Jones's Road in Dublin, between Tipperary and Louth, in what was their first ever championship meeting. Tipperary recovered from a half-time deficit of five points to win the match by 1–04 to 1–03 and claim their first championship title.