hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gertrude Smith
Gertrude Elizabeth Smith (1894–1985) was the Edwin Olson Professor of Greek at the University of Chicago. She is known for her work on Greek law and her longstanding involvement in and support of the Summer Session of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens. She was the first woman to be president of the Classical Association of the Middle West and South and is currently the only woman to have been president of CAMWS and the American Philological Association.

Society for Classical Studies
The Society for Classical Studies (SCS), formerly known as the American Philological Association (APA), is a non-profit North American scholarly organization devoted to all aspects of Greek and Roman civilization founded in 1869. It is the preeminent association in the field and publishes a journal, Transactions of the American Philological Association (TAPA). 
The SCS is currently based at New York University.
Just Stand Up!
"Just Stand Up!" is a song performed by an all-star female charity supergroup of pop, R&B, rock, and country artists during the telethon "Stand Up to Cancer". The group was purposely billed as Artists Stand Up to Cancer to the public. The song reached number 7 in Italy, number 10 in Canada, and number 11 in the US and Ireland.

Sony BMG
Sony BMG Music Entertainment was an American record company owned as a 50–50 joint venture between Sony Corporation of America and Bertelsmann. The venture's successor, the revived Sony Music, is wholly owned by Sony, following their buyout of the remaining 50% held by Bertelsmann. BMG was instead rebuilt as BMG Rights Management on the basis of the remaining 200 artists.
Walter Hadler
Walter Hadler is an American playwright and theater director. Hadler was a resident playwright at Theatre Genesis during the 1960s, along with Murray Mednick, Sam Shepard, and Tony Barsha. Hadler and Mednick became co-directors of the theater in 1969, and Hadler continued to operate it from 1974 to 1978 following Mednick's departure.

Hadler later wrote and directed productions for Padua Playwrights, a Los Angeles theater company founded by Mednick.

Murray Mednick
Murray Maurice Mednick (August 24, 1939 – October 17, 2025) was an American playwright and poet. He is best known as founder of the Padua Hills Playwrights Workshop/Festival, where he served as artistic director from 1978 to 1995. Mednick received numerous awards for his plays, including two Rockefeller Grants and an Obie.
Eddy Blackman Stadion
Eddy Blackman Stadion is a multi-purpose stadium in Livorno, Suriname. It is home to SVB Hoofdklasse club SCSV Takdier Boys and SVB Eerste Klasse outfits, SV Jai Hanuman and SCSV Kamal Dewaker.

The stadium was built by Badrinath Durga, who has been committed to the social development of Livorno for many years.

SVB Tweede Divisie
The SVB Tweede Divisie is third-highest division overall in the Surinamese football league system after the SVB Eerste Divisie, where the top club is promoted to each season. The weakest club is relegated to the Derde Divisie. The league was previously known as the SVB Eerste Klasse but became the Eerste Divisie for the 2016–17 season after Suriname's top division changed its name from Hoofdklasse to Topklasse, only to be rebranded as the Tweede Divisie for the 2017–18 season.

The competition was founded in 1923.
Transversal (geometry)
In geometry, a transversal is a line  that passes through two lines in the same plane at two distinct points. Transversals play a role in establishing whether two or more other lines in the Euclidean plane are parallel. The intersections of a transversal with two lines create various types of pairs of angles: vertical angles, consecutive interior angles, consecutive exterior angles, corresponding angles, alternate interior angles, alternate exterior angles, and linear pairs. As a consequence of Euclid's parallel postulate, if the two lines are parallel, consecutive angles and linear pairs are supplementary, while corresponding angles, alternate angles, and vertical angles are equal.

Absolute geometry
Absolute geometry is a geometry based on an axiom system for Euclidean geometry without the parallel postulate or any of its alternatives. Traditionally, this has meant using only the first four of Euclid's postulates. The term was introduced by János Bolyai in 1832. It is sometimes referred to as neutral geometry, as it is neutral with respect to the parallel postulate. The first four of Euclid's postulates are now known to be an insufficient basis for Euclidean geometry, so other systems (such as  Hilbert's axioms without the parallel axiom) are used instead.
Temples of Karnataka
Temples of the Indian State of Karnataka illustrate the variety of architecture prevalent in various periods. The architectural designs have found a distinguished place in forming a true atmosphere of devotion for spiritual attainment.

Hornadu
Horanadu, also known as Sri Kshetra Horanadu, is a Panchayat village in Kalasa taluk of Chikkamagaluru district, Karnataka, India. It is the site of the Annapoorneshwari Temple. Horanadu has an elevation of 831 m (2,726 ft).
Xinjiang Sports Centre
The Xinjiang Sports Centre Stadium at the Xinjiang Sports Centre (Chinese: 新疆体育中心; Uyghur: شىنجاڭ تەنتەربىيە مەركىزى) is a multi-purpose stadium in Urumqi, Xinjiang, China. It is the biggest stadium in Xinjiang, having 42,300 seats.

Ürümqi
Ürümqi is the capital and largest city of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in Northwestern China. With a census population of 4 million in 2020, Ürümqi is the second-largest city in China's northwestern interior after Xi'an, and the second-largest in Central Asia in terms of population, after Kabul, Afghanistan. Ürümqi has seen significant economic development since the 1990s and currently serves as a regional transport node and a cultural, political and commercial center.
Ohel David Eastern Synagogue
The Ohel David Eastern Synagogue is an Orthodox Jewish congregation and synagogue, located at 4-14 Broadwalk Lane, Golders Green, in the Borough of Barnet, London, England, in the United Kingdom. The congregation, that comprises Sephardi Jews from many parts of the world, especially Iraqi and other Mizrahi Jews, worships in the Sephardi rite.

Nusach Sefard
Nusach Sefard, Nusach Sepharad, or Nusach Sfard, is the name for various forms of the Jewish siddurim designed to reconcile Ashkenazi customs with the kabbalistic customs of Isaac Luria (more commonly known as the Arizal). To this end, it has incorporated the wording of Nusach Edot ha-Mizrach or Nusach Hasfaradim, the prayer book of Sephardi Jews, into certain prayers. Nusach Sefard is used nearly universally by Hasidim, as well as by some other Ashkenazi Jews (especially Dati leumi Jews), but has not gained significant acceptance by Sephardi Jews. Some Hasidic dynasties use their own version of the Nusach Sefard siddur, sometimes with a notable divergence between different versions.
Jinkeng station
Jinkeng station (Chinese: 金坑站) is an elevated station of  Line 21 of the Guangzhou Metro. It started operations on 20 December 2019.

On 17 December 2019, Jinkeng Station was awarded the "Three-star Green Building Design Mark Certificate" by the Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of Guangdong Province, reaching the highest level in China's green building evaluation standards and becoming the first city rail transit line in mainland China to have a station that has obtained this certificate.

The station has 2 elevated island platforms, numbered 1 & 2 on the inside, and 3 & 4 on the outside. Trains usually stop at the middle 2 platforms (platforms 1 and 2), with the express trains also passing through the middle tracks.

Elevated railway
An elevated railway or elevated train (also known as an el train or el for short) is a railway with the tracks above street level on a viaduct or other elevated structure (usually constructed from steel, cast iron, concrete, or bricks). The railway may be a broad-gauge, standard-gauge or narrow-gauge railway, rapid transit, light rail, monorail, or a suspension railway. Elevated railways are normally found in urban areas that would otherwise require impracticably many level crossings. Usually, the tracks of elevated railways that run on steel viaducts can be seen from street level.
Grimes Glacier
Grimes Glacier (79°12′S 84°22′W﻿ / ﻿79.200°S 84.367°W﻿ / -79.200; -84.367) is a steep glacier descending from the east side of Anderson Massif, in the Heritage Range of the Ellsworth Mountains of Antarctica. It was mapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos, 1961–66, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Master Chief Equipmentman Paul D. Grimes, U.S. Navy, who supervised the construction crews during relocation of Williams Air Field at McMurdo Sound in the closing month of U.S. Navy Operation Deep Freeze 1965.

Ellsworth Mountains
The Ellsworth Mountains are the highest mountain ranges in Antarctica, forming a 350 km (217 mi) long and 48 km (30 mi) wide chain of mountains in a north to south configuration on the western margin of the Ronne Ice Shelf in Marie Byrd Land. They are bisected by Minnesota Glacier to form the Sentinel Range to the north and the Heritage Range to the south. The former is by far the higher and more spectacular with Mount Vinson (4,892 meters (16,050 ft)) constituting the highest point on the continent. The mountains are located within the Chilean Antarctic territorial claim but outside of the Argentinian and British ones.
Samian vase painting
Samian vase painting was a regional style of ancient Greek vase painting; it formed part of East Greek vase painting.

Vases were produced on Samos since the Geometric period. At the Heraion of Samos, many Geometric vases were discovered, including high-footed kraters, kantharoi, kotyles, skyphoi and round-mouthed oinochoai. Details such as the diagonally hatched meanders and four-leafed starts betray an Attic influence. Images of birds are very common, as are horses, on Samos typically with a long main, reaching as far as the middle of the back. In one case, a prosthesis is depicted.

Around 560/550 BC, Samian potters began to produce black-figure vessels of types adopted from Attic vase painting. These types are Little-master cups and face-shaped kantharoi. The painting is precise and decorative.  Besides Miletus and Rhodes, Samos was one of the main production centres of vases in the Wild Goat style.

Skyphos
A skyphos (Ancient Greek: σκύφος; pl.: skyphoi) is a two-handled deep wine-cup on a low flanged base or none. The handles may be horizontal ear-shaped thumbholds that project from the rim (in both Corinthian and Athenian shapes), or they may be loop handles at the rim or that  stand away from the lower part of the body. Skyphoi of the type called glaux (owl) have one horizontal and one vertical thumbhold handle.
Asbjørn Øksendal
Asbjørn Øksendal (4 August 1922 – 23 May 2015) was a Norwegian novelist and non-fiction writer. He was born in Mosjøen, Helgeland. He wrote several books on the subject of the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany, including Lurøy-affæren from 1966, Operasjon Oleander from 1968, Når nøden er størst (on POW camps in Trøndelag) from 1969, Sluttspill i Rinnans bandekloster (on Sonderabteilung Lola) from 1971, and Gulltransporten (on the flight of the Norwegian National Treasury) from 1974. He also wrote novels from the Viking Age. He died in May 2015.

Flight of the Norwegian National Treasury
The Flight of the Norwegian National Treasury was the transfer of Norway's gold reserves to Canada via the United Kingdom, to avoid them falling into the hands of Nazi Germany.

The National Treasury of Norway consisted of 50 tonnes of gold worth 240 million kr in 1940 (approximately US$54.5 million in 1940, or US$1.8 billion in 2015.)

When the German invasion of Norway began, the gold was evacuated from Oslo first overland to Åndalsnes and then by ship to Tromsø. From Tromsø, evacuating Allied forces shipped the gold to Britain, despite German ground and air attacks. The gold was later shipped to North America and most was sold to fund the Norwegian government in exile. Ten tonnes returned to Norway in 1987.
Acylation stimulating protein
Complement 3 (C3) through its interaction with factors B and D (adipsin) generates C3a. In the human body, C3a is rapidly cleaved by carboxypeptidase B or carbxyopeptidase N, that remove the carboxyl-terminal arginine to generate C3adesArg. Thus, most of plasmatic C3a is present in C3adesArg form. C3adesArg is more commonly named ASP or acylation-stimulating-protein due to its marked stimulating action on triacylglycerol synthesis in human adipocytes and skin fibroblasts. ASP is also known for its augmentation of glucose transport and inhibiting action on hormone-sensitive lipase. Because of these actions, it is linked to the pathogenesis of obesity, having been demonstrated to be present at increased levels in patients with obesity, diabetes mellitus type 2 and coronary artery disease.

ASP lis a ligand for C5L2, a G-protein-coupled receptor.

The view of C3a/C3adesArg as an acylation stimulating activity is not universally accepted. The evidence is discussed in a recent review.

Carboxypeptidase B
Carboxypeptidase B (EC 3.4.17.2, protaminase, pancreatic carboxypeptidase B, tissue carboxypeptidase B, peptidyl-L-lysine [L-arginine]hydrolase) is a carboxypeptidase that preferentially cleaves off basic amino acids arginine and lysine from the C-terminus of a peptide.  This enzyme is secreted by the pancreas, and it travels to the small intestine, where it aids in protein digestion. Plasma carboxypeptidase B (carboxypeptidase B2) is responsible for converting the C5a protein into C5a des-Arg, with one less amino acid.
Manfred Sexauer
Manfred Sexauer (2 August 1930 – 20 July 2014) was a German radio and television host, most notable of the German music show Der Musikladen. From 1964, Sexauer worked as a television moderator at Saarländischer Rundfunk. He was a recipient of the Saarland Order of Merit (1989) and the German Cross of Merit (2000).

Saarländischer Rundfunk
Saarländischer Rundfunk (pronounced [ˈzaːɐ̯ˌlɛndɪʃɐ ˈʁʊntfʊŋk]; "Saarland Broadcasting"), shortened to SR (pronounced [ɛsˈʔɛʁ]), is a public radio and television broadcaster serving the German state of Saarland. With headquarters in the Halberg Broadcasting House in Saarbrücken, SR is a member of the ARD consortium of German public-broadcasting organizations.
William H. Osborne
William H. Osborne (born March 27, 1960, in Detroit, Michigan, US), former CEO of Federal Signal Corporation, was replaced by Dennis J. Martin on November 1, 2010.  Prior to September 2008, he was President and CEO of Ford Canada Limited. He is the former Senior Vice President, Manufacturing & Quality for Navistar Corporation a manufacturer of Commercial Trucks and Senior Vice President, Operations and Quality for Boeing Defense and Space. He retired from the Boeing Company in 2022. Mr. Osborne also is a current member of the Board of Directors of Quaker Chemical Corporation, Armstrong World Industries and Invitae Corporation

He holds a
Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering from GMI Engineering & Management Institute,
an MBA from the University of Chicago and a 
Master of Mechanical Engineering from Wayne State University.

He has spoken out against a proposed trade agreement between Canada and South Korea. He has warned of a cost-cutting agenda for future pay deals.

Kettering University
Kettering University is a private university in Flint, Michigan. It offers bachelor of science and master’s degrees in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) and business. Kettering University undergraduate students must complete at least five co-op terms to graduate.

Kettering University is named after inventor and former head of research for General Motors, Charles F. Kettering. He was a distinguished inventor, researcher, and proponent of cooperative education.
Goodbye Normal Street
Goodbye Normal Street is a 2012 studio album by the American country music band Turnpike Troubadours.  The band's third album, it was released in May 2012.  All of the songs were written or co-written by band members RC Edwards and Evan Felker.  Many of the songs are either biographical or semi-biographical.  It was the band's first album to chart in the Billboard 200 and the Billboard Country Albums charts.

Turnpike Troubadours
The Turnpike Troubadours are an American country music band from Tahlequah, Oklahoma, founded in 2005. They started their own imprint, Bossier City Records, in 2007 and have released six studio albums. Their self-titled 2015 album peaked at number 17 on the Billboard 200.
Orconectes stygocaneyi
Orconectes stygocaneyi, the Caney Mountain cave crayfish (also called Faxonius stygocaneyi in some schemes) is a small, freshwater crayfish endemic to Missouri in the United States. It is a cave-dwelling species known from only one cave, Mud Cave in Ozark County, Missouri. This cave is Protected as part of the Caney Mountain Conservation Area, which covers 7,899 acres (3,197 ha) of public land administered by the Missouri Department of Conservation.

Missouri Department of Conservation
The Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC) and the Missouri Conservation Commission were created by Article IV Sections 40-42 of the Missouri Constitution, which were adopted by the voters of the state in 1936 as Amendment 4 to the constitution. The Commission is vested with control, management, restoration, conservation, and regulation of fish, forest, and wildlife resources of the state.
The Department of Conservation owns and oversees hatcheries, sanctuaries, refuges, and reservations, and enforces the state wildlife code.  The Commission consists of four individuals appointed by the Governor of Missouri to serve unpaid 6-year terms. No more than two of the individuals may be from the same political party.
Archbishop of Harare
The Archbishop of Harare heads the Roman Catholic Metropolitan See for Zimbabwe.

In 2004, the number of Roman Catholics in the archdiocese was estimated as 483,293 (from a total population of 4,866,000), and they were served by 124 priests.

There are three suffragan dioceses, Chinhoyi, Gokwe and Mutare.

The present archbishop is Archbishop Robert Ndlovu.

Mutare
Mutare, known as Umtali until 1982, is the capital and largest city in the province of Manicaland. It is the third-largest city in Zimbabwe. Having surpassed Gweru in the 2012 census, with an urban population of 224,802 and approximately 260,567 in the surrounding districts, Mutare adds to the wider metropolitan area a total population of over 500,000 people. Mutare is also the capital of Manicaland Province and the largest city in eastern Zimbabwe.

Located near the border with Mozambique, Mutare has long been a centre of trade and a key terminus en route to the port of Beira (in Beira, Mozambique). Mutare is hub for trade with railway links, pipeline transport and highways linking the coast with Harare and Zimbabwe's interior. Other traditional industries include timber, papermaking, commerce, food processing, telecommunications, and transportation. In addition the city serves as a gateway to the scenic Eastern Highlands, nearby Gorongosa National Park, and the Mozambique coast.
Gabriel Kron
Gabriel Kron (1901–1968) was a Hungarian American electrical engineer who promoted the use of methods of linear algebra, multilinear algebra, and differential geometry in the field. His method of system decomposition and solution called Diakoptics is still influential today. Though he published widely, his methods were slow to be assimilated. At Union College a symposium was organized by Schaffer Library on "Gabriel Kron, the Man and His Work", held October 14, 1969. H.H. Happ edited the contributed papers, which were published by Union College Press as Gabriel Kron and Systems Theory.

Multilinear algebra
Multilinear algebra is the study of functions with multiple vector-valued arguments, with the functions being linear maps with respect to each argument. It involves concepts such as matrices, tensors, multivectors, systems of linear equations, higher-dimensional spaces, determinants, inner and outer products, and dual spaces. It is a mathematical tool used in engineering, machine learning, physics, and mathematics.
Onkar Sahu
Onkar Sahu (born 1982) is an Indian politician from Chhattisgarh who is an MLA from Dhamtari Assembly constituency in Dhamtari District. He won the 2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election, representing the Indian National Congress.

Dhamtari district
Dhamtari district is a district of the Indian state of Chhattisgarh. This district is situated at 20°42' N latitude and 81°33' E longitude. Dhamtari district was officially formed on 6 July 1998 by trifurcating Raipur district into Raipur, Dhamtari and Mahasamund districts.

The present collector of Dhamtari is Sushree Namrata Gandhi.The present mayor of Dhamtari is Shri Vijay Dewangan.
Pagh's problem
Pagh's problem is a data structure problem often used
 when studying lower bounds in computer science named after Rasmus Pagh.
Mihai Pătrașcu was the first to give lower bounds for the problem.
In 2021 it was shown that, given popular conjectures, the naive linear time algorithm is optimal.

Data structure
In computer science, a data structure is a data organization and storage format that is usually chosen for efficient access to data. More precisely, a data structure is a collection of data values, the relationships among them, and the functions or operations that can be applied to the data, i.e., it is an algebraic structure about data.
Kwai Shing
Kwai Shing (葵盛) is an area on the hill between Kwai Fong and Tai Wo Hau in the Kwai Chung area of Hong Kong. The area is named after the two major public housing estates on the hill, Kwai Shing East Estate and Kwai Shing West Estate, accommodating the influx of immigrants after World War II.

The area hosts some major facilities in Kwai Chung, like Kwai Shing Swimming Pool, South Kwai Chung Jockey Club Polyclinic and Kwai Shing Wet market. It is surrounded by many primary and secondary schools. For example, Sheng Kung Hui Lam Woo Memorial Secondary School, Buddhist Sin Tak College, Daughter of Mary Help of Christians Siu Ming Catholic Secondary School and so on.

There are some public transport stations in Kwai Shing community which makes the place quite convenient. The nearest MTR station is Kwai Hing station and it requires 15 minutes to walk down there.

Kwai Hing station
Kwai Hing (Chinese: 葵興) is an MTR station on the Tsuen Wan line. It is named after the nearest public housing estate, and is located above ground between Kwai Fong and Tai Wo Hau stations. Opened on 10 May 1982, its lineage is bright yellow.

Its opening caused most direct bus services into Kowloon to be cancelled. Nevertheless, the station provides a convenient transport service to local residents, also attracting local shuttle services with nearby settlements and factories.

Below the platforms is a small transport interchange. This interchange is saturated with traffic, due to traffic diverted from the increasingly crowded Kwai Fong station.
Ami Mammadov
Ami Agha oglu Mammadov (Azerbaijani: Əmi Ağa oğlu Məmmədov; 1922–26 March 1944) was a Soviet Navy Matros and a posthumous Hero of the Soviet Union. Mammadov was posthumously awarded the title on 20 April 1945 for his actions during the capture of Mykolaiv. Mammadov reportedly destroyed several German vehicles with his anti-tank rifle and was killed when the house he was defending collapsed under German fire.

Seaman (rank)
Seaman is a military rank used in many navies around the world. It is considered a junior enlisted rank and, depending on the navy, it may be a single rank on its own or a name shared by several similarly junior ranks.

In the Commonwealth, it is the lowest rank in the navy, except in Canada where the Royal Canadian Navy now uses the gender-neutral title sailor in English and matelot in French. In the United States, it refers to the three lowest ranks of the U.S. Navy and U.S. Coast Guard. The equivalent of the seaman is the matelot in French-speaking countries, and Matrose in German-speaking countries.