hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cupha
Cupha is a butterfly genus of the family Nymphalidae found in the Indomalayan and the Australasian realms.

The Cupha species are sharply divided from related genera by two characters: the thread like almost clubless antennae and the fourth subcostal nervure of the forewings finishing in the costal border. Only Cirrochroa possesses a similarly formed antennae, but it can immediately be separated as only one subcostal nervure branches before the end of the cell and through the position of the fourth nervure. In all the other genera it finishes either in the apex or in the outer border The species have rounded wings and undersides with eye-spots resemble Satyridae.

The contained species are:

Cupha arias C. & R. Felder, [1867]

Cupha crameri (Felder, 1860)

Cupha erymanthis (Drury, [1773])

Cupha lampetia (Linnaeus, 1764)

Cupha maeonides (Hewitson, 1859)

Cupha melichrysos (Mathew, 1887)

Cupha myronides Felder, 1860

Cupha prosope (Fabricius, 1775)

Cupha aureus Samson, 1980

Australasian realm
The Australasian realm is one of eight  biogeographic realms that is coincident with, but not (by some definitions) the same as, the geographical region of Australasia. The realm includes Australia, the island of New Guinea (comprising Papua New Guinea and the Indonesian province of Papua), and the eastern part of the Indonesian archipelago, including the island of Sulawesi, the Moluccas (the Indonesian provinces of Maluku and North Maluku), and the islands of Lombok, Sumbawa, Sumba, Flores, and Timor, often known as the Lesser Sundas.

The Australasian realm also includes several Pacific island groups, including the Bismarck Archipelago, Vanuatu, the Solomon Islands, and New Caledonia. New Zealand and its surrounding islands are a distinctive sub-region of the Australasian realm.  The rest of Indonesia is part of the Indomalayan realm. In the classification scheme developed by Miklos Udvardy, New Guinea, New Caledonia, Solomon Islands and New Zealand are placed in the Oceanian realm.
Kuroshima and Taijima
Kuroshima and Taijima (九龍島と鯛島, Kuroshima to Taijima) are a set of islands about one kilometer off the coast of Honshū in Japan by the mouth of the Koza River, a five-minute ride by ferry from Koza Port. The islands are part of Kushimoto, Wakayama Prefecture. The islands were used as a naval base of operations during the Genpei War.

Along with nearby Ryōshima, the islands are currently uninhabited and covered with dense sub-tropical vegetation. The islands can be seen from the coastal National Route 42.

While there are no permanent residents of the islands, Kuroshima and Taijima are popular locations for summer vacationers, especially during the Bon Festival in late summer when people go to the island to take part in seawater bathing. Canoeing and kayaking are also very popular.

Kuroshima and Taijima were used for location shooting for the TV Asahi television series Ikinari Ōgon Densetsu.

Etiquette in Japan
Etiquette in Japan forms common societal expectations of social behavior practiced throughout the nation of Japan. The etiquette of Japan has changed greatly over the millennia as different civilizations influenced its culture. Modern Japanese etiquette has a strong influence from that of China and the Western world, but retains many of its unique traditional elements.
Charles Vigurs
Charles Alfred Vigurs (11 July 1888 – 22 February 1917) was a British gymnast who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics and in the 1912 Summer Olympics. He was born in Birmingham, West Midlands.

As a member of the British team in 1908, he finished eighth in the team competition. Four years later, he was part of the British team, which won the bronze medal in the gymnastics men's team European system event.

Vigurs was killed in action at age 28 during the First World War, serving as a private with the Royal Warwickshire Regiment near Grenay. He was buried in the Maroc British Cemetery nearby.

Grenay, Pas-de-Calais
Grenay (French pronunciation: [ɡʁənɛ]; Picard: Guernay) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France. It is part of the arrondissement of Lens, the canton of Wingles and the Communaupole de Lens-Liévin. Its population was 6,799 in 2019. The current mayor is Christelle Buissette, elected in 2023.
James Maroney
James Maroney is an American politician currently serving as a Connecticut State senator representing the 14th District, encompassing Milford, Orange, and parts of West Haven and Woodbridge. Maroney is a member of the Democratic Party. Maroney also previously served as a member of the Connecticut House of Representatives, where he represented the 119th District. Maroney is McKayla Maroney's cousin.

Woodbridge, Connecticut
Woodbridge is a town in New Haven County, Connecticut, United States. The town is part of the South Central Connecticut Planning Region. The population was 9,087 at the 2020 census. The town center is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as Woodbridge Green Historic District. Woodbridge is part of the Amity Regional School District #5, rated the #1 school district in New Haven County and the 10th best school district in Connecticut by Niche in 2021. As of 2019, Woodbridge had the seventh highest median household income in Connecticut.
Paramaribo District
Paramaribo is a district of Suriname, coextensive with the capital city of Paramaribo.

Paramaribo district has a population of 240,924, almost half the population of the entire country, and an area of 182 km2.

The area was first colonised by the British in the 17th century with the construction of Fort Willoughby. This fort was later taken by the Netherlands and renamed Fort Zeelandia. The area, and the city of Paramaribo, switched between Dutch and British control until the Treaty of Breda at the end of the Second Anglo-Dutch War ceded all of Suriname to the Dutch.

Second Anglo-Dutch War
The Second Anglo-Dutch War began on 4 March 1665 and concluded with the signing of the Treaty of Breda on 31 July 1667. It was one in a series of naval wars between England and the Dutch Republic, driven largely by commercial disputes.

Despite several major battles, neither side was able to score a decisive victory, and by the end of 1666 the war had reached stalemate. Peace talks made little progress until the Dutch Raid on the Medway in June 1667 forced Charles II to agree to the Treaty of Breda.

By eliminating a number of long-standing issues, the terms eventually made it possible for England and the Dutch Republic to unite against the expansionist policies pursued by Louis XIV of France. In the short-term however, Charles's desire to avenge this setback led to the Third Anglo-Dutch War in 1672.
Reaching Out Romania
Reaching Out Romania (also simply called Reaching Out, abbreviated ROR) is a non-governmental charitable organization in Romania that helps girls ages 13 to 22 exit the sex industry. ROR rescues these girls from the Moldovan and Romanian mafia, which have normally trafficked the girls out of Romania and into Western Europe. ROR runs a facility in Pitești that offers life skills-based education to these girls, teaching them to do things such as painting and sewing. This safe house hides the girls from their traffickers. A psychologist is on staff to meet with the girls. The organization was founded in 1999 by Iana Matei, who was named European of the Year in 2010 by Reader's Digest.

Sex industry
The sex industry, also called the sex trade, consists of businesses that either directly or indirectly provide sex-related products and services or adult entertainment. The industry includes activities involving direct provision of sex-related services, such as prostitution, strip clubs, host and hostess clubs, and sex-related pastimes, such as pornography, adult magazines, sex movies, sex toys, and fetish or BDSM paraphernalia. Sex channels for television and pre-paid sex movies for video on demand, are part of the sex industry, as are adult movie theaters, sex shops, peep shows, and strip clubs. The sex industry employs millions of people worldwide, mainly women. These range from the sex worker, also called adult service provider (ASP), who provides sexual services, to a multitude of support personnel.
Sonu
Sonu is a given name. People with this name include:

Sonu Shamdasani (born 1962), British male writer

Sonu Walia (born 1964), Indian Bollywood actress

Sonu Shivdasani (born 1965), British male hotelier

Sonu Nigam (born 1973), Indian male playback singer

Sonu Kakkar (born 1979), Indian female playback singer

Sonu Sood (born 1973), Indian actor

Sonu (actress) (Sonu Gowda, born 1990), Indian Kannada film actress

Sonu Beniwal (born 1993), Indian male footballer

Sonu Singh (born 1995), Indian male cricketer

Sonu Chandrapal, Indian actress

Sonu Narwal, Indian male kabaddi player

Sonu Shamdasani
Sonu Shamdasani (born 1962) is a London-based author, editor in chief, and professor at University College London. His research and writings focus on Carl Gustav Jung (1875–1961) and cover the history of psychiatry and psychology from the mid-nineteenth century to current times.

Shamdasani edited the first publication of Jung's important work, Liber Novus, The Red Book. Although its title had been well known for years, it was not until 2009 that its contents were revealed to the public and practicing psychotherapists.
SourceAmerica
SourceAmerica (formerly NISH) is a U.S. nonprofit agency, located in Vienna, Virginia, that creates employment opportunities for people with disabilities through its national network of affiliated nonprofit agencies.

Vienna, Virginia
Vienna (/viˈɛnə/) is a town in Fairfax County, Virginia, United States, and a suburb of Washington D.C.  As of the 2020 U.S. census, Vienna had a population of 16,473. It was first settled by Europeans in the mid-18th century. In 1861, the Battle of Vienna, one of the earliest American Civil War battles, was fought in Vienna. The Vienna Town Council, which governs the town, is composed of a mayor and six councilmembers. The town's education is served mainly by Fairfax County Public Schools.
Hannah Clothier Hull
Hannah Hallowell Clothier Hull (July 21, 1872 – July 4, 1958) was an American clubwoman, feminist, and pacifist, one of the founders and leaders of the Women's Peace Party and the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom.

Women's International League for Peace and Freedom
The Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) is a non-profit non-governmental organization working "to bring together women of different political views and philosophical and religious backgrounds determined to study and make known the causes of war and work for a permanent peace" and to unite women worldwide who oppose oppression and exploitation. WILPF has national sections in 37 countries.

The WILPF is headquartered in Geneva and maintains a United Nations office in New York City.
Derek Ridgers
Derek Ridgers (born 20 October 1950) is a British photographer known for his photography of music, film and club/street culture. He has photographed people including James Brown, the Spice Girls, Clint Eastwood and Johnny Depp, as well as politicians (Tony Blair), gangsters (Freddie Foreman), artists (Julian Schnabel), writers (Martin Amis), fashion designers (John Galliano) and sports people (Tiger Woods). Ridgers has also photographed British social scenes such as skinhead, fetish, club, punk and New Romantic.

He has worked for Time Out, The Sunday Telegraph, NME, The Face, Loaded, The Independent on Sunday, The Guardian, The Observer, The Sunday Times, The Independent, GQ, GQ Style, Melody Maker and Sounds.

Freddie Foreman
Freddie Foreman (born 5 March 1932) is an English publican, gangster, former associate of the Kray twins and convicted criminal.

Foreman was a prominent figure in London gangland from the 1950s through to the 1980s.
Uren, Russia
Uren (Russian: Уре́нь) is a town and the administrative center of Urensky District in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia, located on the right bank of the Usta River (Volga's basin), 183 kilometers (114 mi) northeast of Nizhny Novgorod, the administrative center of the oblast. It has population:  12,304 (2010 Census); 12,558 (2002 Census); 13,560 (1989 Soviet census).

Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
Nizhny Novgorod Oblast (Russian: Нижегородская область, romanized: Nizhegorodskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Nizhny Novgorod. It has a population of 3,119,115 as of the 2021 Census. From 1932 to 1990, it was known as Gorky Oblast (Russian: Горьковская область).

The oblast is crossed by the Volga River. Apart from Nizhny Novgorod's metropolitan area (including Dzerzhinsk, Bor and Kstovo) the biggest city is Arzamas. Near the town of Sarov there is the Serafimo-Diveyevsky Monastery, one of the largest convents in Russia, established by Saint Seraphim of Sarov. The Makaryev Monastery opposite of the town of Lyskovo used to be the location of the largest fair in Eastern Europe. Other historic towns include Gorodets and Balakhna, located on the Volga to the north from Nizhny Novgorod.
Western Power
Western Power may represent:

Western Power (networks corporation), a crown corporation of Western Australia, founded in 2006 from part of Western Power Corporation.

Western Power Corporation, a crown corporation of Western Australia, founded in 1995 and reorganized in 2006 into Western Power and several other companies.

Western Power Distribution, an American-owned UK-based energy distributor.

the economic, military or political power of Western civilization

Western Power Corporation
Western Power Corporation (WPC), owned by the Government of Western Australia, was Western Australia's major electricity supplier from 1995 until 2006.

It was formed in 1995 when the monopoly electricity and gas supplier, the State Energy Commission of Western Australia, was disaggregated into separate suppliers for gas (AlintaGas) and electricity (WPC).

In 2006, WPC was disaggregated into Western Power, Synergy, Horizon Power and Verve Energy.
Shoemaker impact structure
Shoemaker (formerly known as Teague Ring) is an impact structure, the deeply eroded remnant of a former impact crater, situated in arid central Western Australia, about 100 kilometres (62 mi) north-northeast of Wiluna. It is named in honour of planetary geologist Eugene Shoemaker.

Wiluna, Western Australia
Wiluna is a small town in the Goldfields-Esperance region (since 2021) of Western Australia. It is situated on the edge of the Western Desert at the gateway to the Canning Stock Route and Gunbarrel Highway. It is the service centre of the local area for the local Martu people, the pastoral industry, the Wiluna Gold Mine, and many more people who work on other mines in the area on a "fly-in/fly-out" basis.

Wiluna's climate is hot and dry, with an annual rainfall of 258 mm (10.2 in). Mean maximum temperatures range from 19 °C (66 °F) in July, to 38 °C (100 °F) in January.

The closest service centre is in Meekatharra.
Byeon Woo-seok
Byeon Woo-seok (Korean: 변우석; born October 31, 1991) is a South Korean model and actor. He debuted as a model in 2010 and walked the 2015 F/W Men's Fashion Show runway. He transitioned into acting with supporting roles in dramas Record of Youth (2020) and Strong Girl Nam-soon (2023). Byeon gained wide recognition for his starring role in television series Lovely Runner (2024), and made his film debut with the Netflix film 20th Century Girl (2022).

Baeksang Arts Awards
The Baeksang Arts Awards (Korean: 백상예술대상), also known as the Paeksang Arts Awards, are awards for excellence in film, television and theatre in South Korea. The awards were introduced in 1965 by Chang Key-young, the founder of the newspaper Hankook Ilbo, whose art name was "Baeksang". It was established for the development of Korean popular culture and art and for enhancing the morale of artists. They are regarded as one of the most prestigious entertainment awards in South Korea.

Baeksang Arts Awards are annually presented at a ceremony organised by JoongAng Group in the second quarter of each year. Until 2021, it was organised by Ilgan Sports before its acquisition by eDaily, a subsidiary of KG Group. It is the only comprehensive awards ceremony in the country, recognising excellence in film, television and theatre.
Shepard Siegel
Shepard Siegel is a Canadian psychologist, having been a Distinguished University Professor at McMaster University. He is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada and Society of Experimental Psychologists.

Royal Society of Canada
The Royal Society of Canada (RSC; French: Société royale du Canada, SRC), also known as the Academies of Arts, Humanities, and Sciences of Canada (French: Académies des arts, des lettres et des sciences du Canada), is the senior national, bilingual council of distinguished Canadian scholars, humanists, scientists, and artists in Canada.

As Canada's national academy, the RSC exists to promote Canadian research and scholarly accomplishment in both of Canada's official languages; advise governments, non-governmental organizations, and Canadians generally on matters of public interest; recognize academic and artistic excellence; and mentor young scholars and artists.
Rice-fish system
A rice-fish system is a rice polyculture, a practice that integrates rice agriculture with aquaculture, most commonly with freshwater fish. It is based on a mutually beneficial relationship between rice and fish in the same agroecosystem. The system was recognized by the FAO in 2002 as one of the first Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems.

The benefits of rice-fish systems include increased rice yield, the production of an additional (fish) crop on the same land, diversification of farm production, increased food security, and reduced need for inputs of fertilizer and pesticide. Because fish eat insects and snails, the systems may reduce mosquito-borne diseases such as malaria and dengue fever, and snail-born parasites such as the trematodes which cause schistosomiasis. The reduction in chemical inputs may reduce environmental harms caused by their release into the environment. The increased biodiversity may reduce methane emissions from rice fields.

Mosquito-borne disease
Mosquito-borne diseases or mosquito-borne illnesses are diseases caused by bacteria, viruses or parasites transmitted by mosquitoes. Nearly 700 million people contract mosquito-borne illnesses each year, resulting in nearly a million deaths.

Diseases transmitted by mosquitoes include malaria, dengue, West Nile virus, chikungunya, yellow fever, filariasis, tularemia, dirofilariasis, Japanese encephalitis, Saint Louis encephalitis, Western equine encephalitis, Eastern equine encephalitis, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, Ross River fever, Barmah Forest fever, La Crosse encephalitis, and Zika fever, as well as newly detected Keystone virus and Rift Valley fever. A preprint by Australian research group argues that Mycobacterium ulcerans, the causative pathogen of Buruli ulcer is also transmitted by mosquitoes.

There is no evidence as of April 2020 that COVID-19 can be transmitted by mosquitoes, and it is extremely unlikely this could occur.
Lazarus Sittichinli
Lazarus Sittichinli was a First Nations elder of the Gwich'in people, who was the last surviving member of the man-hunt for the Mad Trapper of Rat River.

Oral histories he recorded have proved valuable in tying his people to their past.

Stephen Takfwi, Premier of the Northwest Territories, recorded a song celebrating Sittinchinli's life and example to his people.

When Rudy Wiebe interviewed Sittichinli for his 2011 book River of Stone, he wrote he was the only participant in the manhunt who was still alive.

Wiebe wrote that Sittichinli and his wife had been married for 67 years, and that 12 of their 14 children had predeceased them.

Cynthia Chambers Erasmus offered Sittichinli's testimony before the Berger Commission as an example of a key speech pattern of First Nations elders, in a journal article entitled "Ways with Stories: Listening to the Stories Aboriginal People Tell".  She spent two pages deconstructing Sittichinli's testimony.

Gwichʼin
The Gwichʼin (or Kutchin or Loucheux) are an Athabaskan-speaking First Nations people of Canada and an Alaska Native people. They live in the northwestern part of North America, mostly north of the Arctic Circle.

Gwichʼin are well-known for their crafting of snowshoes, birchbark canoes, and the two-way sled. They are renowned for their intricate and ornate beadwork. They also continue to make traditional caribou-skin clothing and porcupine quillwork embroidery, both of which are highly regarded among Gwichʼin. Today, the Gwich’in economy consists mostly of hunting, fishing, and seasonal wage-paying employment.
Thomas MacGivern
Thomas McGivern, D.D. (20 December 1829 in Ballynanny, County Down – 24 November 1900 in Newry) was an Irish Catholic Priest who served as Bishop of Dromore from 1890 to 1900.

McGivern was educated at St Colman's College, Newry and The Irish College, Rome. He was ordained priest in 1854. After curacies at Ballynahinch and Newry he was parish priest at Drumgath from 1872 to 1887. He was ordained Coadjutor Bishop of Dromore in 1886 and its Diocesan in 1890, a post he held until his death.

Ballynahinch, County Down
Ballynahinch (from Irish Baile na hInse, meaning 'settlement of the island/water-meadow') is a town in County Down, Northern Ireland. It had a population of 6,164 people in the 2021 census.

Ballynahinch was traditionally a market town, and the market still takes place in the square every Thursday. 14 miles (23 km) south of Belfast city centre, the town lies on the main A24 road from Belfast to Clough, near Newcastle.  Facilities in the town include a leisure centre. In recent years a regeneration committee has been formed for the development of the town and the surrounding Spa and Drumaness areas.
2024 Women's Challenge Cup final
The 2024 Women's Challenge Cup Final was the 12th final of the Rugby Football League's Women's Challenge Cup knock-out competition. The 2024 was the second final at Wembley Stadium, and held on 8 June 2024.

The final was contested by Leeds Rhinos and St Helens.

Rugby Football League
The Rugby Football League (RFL) is the governing body for rugby league in England. Founded in 1895 as the Northern Rugby Football Union following 22 clubs resigning from the Rugby Football Union, it changed its name in 1922 to the Rugby Football League.

Based at Sportcity in Manchester, it is responsible for organising professional competitions and, in association with the British Amateur Rugby League Association (BARLA), the community game. It also provides match officials for every level as well as administering the England national team

The Rugby Football League has been a member of the International Rugby League (IRL) since 1948 and European Rugby League (ERL) since its foundation in 2003.
Nils-Axel Mörner
Niklas Axel Mörner af Morlanda (17 March 1938 – 16 October 2020), known professionally as Nils-Axel Mörner, was a Swedish geologist and geophysicist. He served as head of the paleogeophysics and geodynamics unit at Stockholm University until his retirement in 2005. He was president of the International Union for Quaternary Research (INQUA) Commission on Neotectonics from 1981 to 1989. He headed an INTAS (International Association for the promotion of cooperation with scientists from the New Independent States of the former Soviet Union) project on geomagnetism and climate from 1997 to 2003. He was a critic of the IPCC and disputed the scientific evidence that the global sea level is rising.

Geodynamics
Geodynamics is a subfield of geophysics dealing with dynamics of the Earth. It applies physics, chemistry and mathematics to the understanding of how mantle convection leads to plate tectonics and geologic phenomena such as seafloor spreading, mountain building, volcanoes, earthquakes, or faulting. It also attempts to probe the internal activity  by measuring magnetic fields, gravity, and seismic waves, as well as the mineralogy of rocks and their isotopic composition. Methods of geodynamics are also applied to exploration of other planets.