hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gennady Leonov
Gennady Alexeyevich Leonov (Russian: Геннадий Алексеевич Леонов; February 2, 1947 in Leningrad, Soviet Union – April 23, 2018) was a Russian scientist, Correspondent Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (since 2006), Professor at the Saint Petersburg State University, Doctor of Sciences.
Laureate of the 1986 USSR State Prize and 2012 Aleksandr Andronov Russian Academy of Sciences Prize.

He graduated from the Leningrad State University in 1969.

In 1971 he defended his Candidate's Dissertation.
In 1983 he defended his doctoral dissertation.
In 1986 he received the title of Professor.

Since 1988, he served as Dean of the Faculty of Mathematics and Mechanics of the Saint Petersburg State University.

He was a foreign member of the Finnish Academy of Science and Letters (2017).

Finnish Academy of Science and Letters
The Finnish Academy of Science and Letters (Finnish: Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia ry; Latin: Academia Scientiarum Fennica) is a Finnish learned society. It was founded in 1908 and is thus the second oldest academy in Finland. The oldest is the Finnish Society of Sciences and Letters, which was founded in 1838.
Cos (city)
Cos or Kos (Ancient Greek: Κῶς) was a city of ancient Greece on the island of the same name. In 366 BCE, the inhabitants of the town of Astypalaea abandoned their town to populate Cos. Cos was a member of the Dorian Pentapolis, whose sanctuary was on the Triopian promontory. Under the Athenian rule it had no walls, and it was first fortified by Alcibiades at the close of the Peloponnesian War. In subsequent times it shared the general fate of the neighbouring coasts and islands. Antoninus Pius rebuilt the city, after it had been destroyed by an earthquake.

Its site is located near modern Kos.

An Ancient Roman mosaic depicting the Abduction of Europa in the House of Europa in the Western Archaeological Zone of Kos town

Ruins of the Ancient Gymnasion

View of the Asclepeion

View of the ancient Odeon

Datça Peninsula
The Datça Peninsula,  also known as the Reşadiye Peninsula, is an 80 km-long, narrow peninsula in southwest Turkey separating the Gulf of Gökova to the north from the Hisarönü to the south. The peninsula corresponds almost exactly to the administrative district of Datça, part of Muğla Province. The town of Datça is located at its halfway point.

Previously, the ancient Greek names for the peninsula included the Dorian or Cnidos Peninsula or the Chersonisos Cnidia.
Freedom (Theme from Panther)
"Freedom (Theme from Panther)" is a song originally recorded and written by Joi, for her album The Pendulum Vibe (1994). A cover version of the song was released as a single and theme song for the 1995 film Panther, by Mercury Records. Produced by Dallas Austin and Diamond D, and vocally arranged by Angie Stone, the single brought together some of the era's best-known recording artists, including En Vogue, Aaliyah, Mary J. Blige, Queen Latifah, MC Lyte, and TLC. "Freedom (Theme from Panther)" was recorded immediately following the 1995 American Music Awards. The song honors historical black resistance figures such as Harriet Tubman, Sojourner Truth, Rosa Parks, and Angela Davis.

"Freedom (Theme from Panther)" peaked at number 45 on the Billboard Hot 100. The music video for the song was directed by Antoine Fuqua.

The Pendulum Vibe
The Pendulum Vibe is the debut album of American recording artist Joi, released on June 28, 1994, by EMI Records. She recorded the album in three weeks with producer and mentor Dallas Austin at D.A.R.P. Studios in Atlanta. The Pendulum Vibe is a neo soul album that incorporates R&B, funk, and psychedelic soul styles. The songs are about themes of enlightenment, personal freedom, intimate relationships, and womanism.

The album was acclaimed by music critics upon its release, but was overlooked commercially and went out of print. It subsequently attained a cult following among listeners of eclectic R&B music and has since been viewed by critics as a precursor to the neo soul music scene.
Pseudopeucedanum
Pseudopeucedanum is a genus of flowering plants in the family Apiaceae. It includes a single species, Pseudopeucedanum ledebourielloides, a perennial herb native to southeastern Shaanxi and western Henan provinces in central China. It has a solitary stem which grows 40–90 cm tall from a cluster of  basal leaves, with white flowers forming an umbel. It flowers from August to September and fruits from October to November. It grows in rock crevices or sandy areas in mountain valleys from 400 to 1000 meters elevation.

It is regionally important as medicinal plant, and has long been used as a substitute for the traditional Chinese herbal medicine fángfēng (Saposhnikovia divaricata).

The species was first described as Peucedanum ledebourielloides by Kun Tsun Fu in 1981. A phylogenetic and morphological study published in 2023 concluded that the species was distinct from the other species in Peucedanum, and placed the species in the newly described monotypic taxon Pseudopeucedanum.

Apiaceae
Apiaceae (/ˌeɪpiˈeɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/ ⓘ), also called Umbelliferae, is a family of mostly aromatic flowering plants named after the type genus Apium, and commonly known as the celery, carrot, or parsley family, or simply as umbellifers. It is the 16th-largest family of flowering plants, with more than 3,800 species in about 446 genera, including such well-known, and economically important plants as ajwain, angelica, anise, asafoetida, caraway, carrot, celery, chervil, coriander, cumin, dill, fennel, lovage, cow parsley, parsley, parsnip and sea holly, as well as silphium, a plant whose exact identity is unclear and which may be extinct.

The family Apiaceae includes a significant number of phototoxic species, such as giant hogweed, and a smaller number of highly poisonous species, such as poison hemlock, water hemlock, spotted cowbane, fool's parsley, and various species of water dropwort.
Paulo Gomes (athlete)
Paulo Jorge Caetano Gomes (born 15 May 1973 in Celorico da Beira, Beira Interior Norte) is a Portuguese marathon runner. He set a personal best time of 2:12:51, by finishing third at the 2007 Volkswagen Marathon in Prague, Czech Republic.

At age thirty-five, Gomes made his official debut for the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, where he competed in the men's marathon, along with his teammate Hélder Ornelas. He successfully finished the race in thirtieth place by four seconds behind Russia's Oleg Kulkov, with a time of 2:18:15.

Beira Interior Norte
Beira Interior Norte (European Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈbɐjɾɐ ĩtɨɾiˈoɾ ˈnɔɾtɨ]) is a former Portuguese subregion (NUTS level 3) in the Centro Region. It was abolished at the January 2015 NUTS 3 revision. It was also part of an urban community (ComUrb) called Beiras. The capital and most important city was Guarda (city population approximately 32,000). Other towns with Portuguese city status (cidade) included: Pinhel (3,500), Sabugal (3,200), Trancoso (3,000) and Mêda (2,004).

The subregion had 9 municipalities and its population was 112,766 (2005 statistics).
Pipa, Sichuan
Pipa (Chinese: 琵琶; pinyin: Pípá) is a town in Fushun County, Zigong, Sichuan province, China. As of 2020, it administers Pipachang Residential Community (琵琶场社区) and the following 12 villages:

Fu'an Village (富安村)

Lice Village (理策村)

Shunjiang Village (顺江村)

Aijia Village (艾家村)

Dongshang Village (洞上村)

Shigong Village (石贡村)

Tudi Village (土地村)

Qingfeng Village (青峰村)

Xujia Village (徐家村)

Nongchang Village (农场村)

Jinzhu Village (金竹村)

Qingshan Village (青山村)

Zigong
Zigong (Chinese: 自贡, tsih-kung), formed by the merger of the two former towns of Ziliujing (Tzuliuching, literally "self-flow well") and Gongjing (Kungching, literally "offering well"), is a prefecture-level city in Sichuan, Southwestern China.
Portrait of a Woman (Hans Holbein the Elder)
Portrait of a Woman is a c. 1515 oil painting by the German artist Hans Holbein the Elder. It is now in the Unterlinden Museum in Colmar, France. Its inventory number is 80.1.1. In the 19th century, the painting used to belong to count Karol Lanckoroński, of Vienna. In 2016, it was the only painting by Holbein the Elder owned by a public collection in France.

This portrait was painted towards the end of the artist's life. The depicted woman's identity is unknown.

Karol Lanckoroński
Count Karol Lanckoroński (German: Karl Lanckoronski) (born 4 November 1848 in Vienna; died 15 July 1933 in Vienna) was a Polish writer, art collector, patron, historian, traveler, and vice-president of the Society for Cultural Protection in his native Galicia. He was one of the wealthiest and most cultivated magnates in Austrian partition of Poland and in the whole of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. He was a member of the Polish Academy of Learning.
Laurent Ruquier
Laurent Hugues Emmanuel Ruquier (French pronunciation: [loʁɑ̃ yɡ emanɥɛl ʁykje]; born 24 February 1963) is a French television presenter, radio host and comedian. He is also a lyricist, writer, columnist and impresario; he has been co-owner and general manager of Théâtre Antoine-Simone Berriau in Paris since 2011. He is best known for hosting the talk show On n'est pas couché on France 2 every Saturday evening from 2006 to 2020.

Paris Première
Paris Première is a French TV channel, available on cable, satellite and the digital terrestrial service, Télévision Numérique Terrestre. It was launched on 15 December 1986 and is now wholly owned by the French media holding company Groupe M6.
Vilsmeier–Haack reaction
The Vilsmeier–Haack reaction (also called the Vilsmeier reaction) is the chemical reaction of a substituted formamide (1) with phosphorus oxychloride and an electron-rich arene (3) to produce an aryl aldehyde or ketone (5):

RC(=O)NR′R″ + HArZ + POCl3 + H2O → RC(=O)ArZ + NR′R″H + HCl + H3PO4

The reaction is named after Anton Vilsmeier and Albrecht Haack.

For example, benzanilide and dimethylaniline react with phosphorus oxychloride to produce an unsymmetrical diaryl ketone. Similarly, anthracene is formylated at the 9-position. The reaction of anthracene with N-methylformanilide, also using phosphorus oxychloride, gives 9-anthracenecarboxaldehyde:

N-Methylformanilide and anthracene and phosphorus oxychloride

In general, the electron-rich arene (3) must be much more active than benzene for the reaction to proceed; phenols or anilines are good substrates.

Anthracene-9-carbaldehyde
Anthracene-9-carbaldehyde is the most common monoaldehyde derivative of anthracene. It is a yellow solid that is soluble in common organic solvents.  It is prepared by Vilsmeier formylation of anthracene.  The compound is also used as a building block for supramolecular assemblies. Hydrogenation of 9-anthracenecarboxaldehyde gives 9-anthracenemethanol.
Forty Thieves (New York gang)
The Forty Thieves — likely named after Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves — were formed in 1825 and alleged to be the first known and oldest New York City criminal street gang. The Thieves consisted primarily of Irish immigrants and Irish Americans who terrorized the Five Points neighborhood of 19th century Manhattan. Another criminal gang named the "Forty Thieves" which had no criminal ties to the New York gang was formed in London, England in 1828.

From 1873-1950s, an all-female London criminal gang known as the "Forty Elephants" was also known to use the name the Forty Thieves. Later, a criminal gang in Philadelphia called themselves the Forty Thieves. The Kerryonians, another early Irish gang formed in the same year as the Forty Thieves, have been alleged to be the second oldest organized criminal gang in New York City.

Forty Elephants
The Forty Elephants or Forty Thieves were a 19th to 20th century all-female London crime syndicate who specialized in shoplifting, also called hoisting at the time. This gang was notable for its longevity and skill in avoiding police detection.
Spectracanthicus zuanoni
Spectracanthicus zuanoni is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the Xingu River basin in the state of Pará in Brazil. It is usually found in areas up to 2 m (7 ft) deep with strong currents and rocky substrates, where it is often seen hiding beneath rocks. It is known to occur individually or in groups of three, with juveniles being found alongside other loricariid species, such as Ancistrus ranunculus, Baryancistrus xanthellus, Hopliancistrus tricornis, Parancistrus nudiventris, Peckoltia vittata, and its congener Spectracanthicus punctatissimus.

S. zuanoni is nocturnal, feeding actively on algae and periphyton at night. It reaches 12.9 cm (5.1 inches) SL, and its specific epithet, zuanoni, refers to Jansen Zuanon, the first ichthyologist to collect the species. S. zuanoni appears in the aquarium trade, where it is usually referred to either as the acari bola branca or by its associated L-number, which is L-020.

L-number
The L-number system is a semi-scientific classification system of catfish based on photographs of shipments of tropical catfish of the family Loricariidae published by the German aquarium magazine DATZ (Die Aquarien- und Terrarienzeitschrift (The Aquarium and Terrarium Magazine)). The first L-number was published in 1988.

An L-number is not a formal scientific designation, but it allows people to identify various loricariid catfish by a "common name" before the fish is officially described. When a loricariid receives an official scientific name, the L-number (or numbers) is retired; best practice is then to use the scientific name.

A specific L-number classification does not guarantee a discrete species, multiple L numbers have been given to different populations of the same species. To add to the confusion, sometimes a single L-number may be used for multiple species.

Additionally the aquarium magazine 'Das Aquarium' introduced a similar system using the prefix 'LDA'.
Ahmed Lutfi el-Sayed
Ahmed Lutfi el-Sayed or Aḥmad Luṭfī Sayyid Pasha (IPA: [ˈæħmæd ˈlotˤfi (ʔe)sˈsæjjed]) (15 January 1872 – 5 March 1963) was a prominent Egyptian nationalist, intellectual, anti-colonial activist and the first president of Cairo University. He was an influential person in the Egyptian nationalist movement and used his position in the media to strive and gain an independent Egypt from British rule. He was also one of the architects of modern Egyptian nationalism as well as the architect of Egyptian secularism and liberalism. He was fondly known as the "Professor of the Generation". Lutfi was one of the fiercest opponents of pan-Arabism, insisting that Egyptians are Egyptians and not Arabs. He is considered one of the most influential scholars and intellectuals in the history of Egypt.

Denshawai incident
The Denshawai incident is the name given to a dispute which occurred in 1906 between five British Army officers and Egyptian villagers in Denshawai which played a major role in opposition to the British occupation of Egypt. It is considered by some historians, such as Peter Mansfield who wrote The British in Egypt (1971), to mark a turning point in the history of Egypt under the British. Though it was fairly minor in terms of the number of casualties and injuries, the British authorities' response to the incident and the significant consequences led to it having a lasting impact. The incident has been commemorated by the establishment of the Denshway Museum.
Zurich Leimbach railway station
Zürich Leimbach (German: Zürich Leimbach) is a railway station in the south-west of the Swiss city of Zurich, in the Leimbach quarter. It is located within fare zone 110 of the Zürcher Verkehrsverbund (ZVV). The station is on the Sihltal line, which is owned and operated by the Sihltal Zürich Uetliberg Bahn (SZU).

Zürcher Verkehrsverbund
The Zürcher Verkehrsverbund (ZVV), lit. 'Zurich Transport Network' is the largest public transportation network in Switzerland. It covers the canton of Zurich and adjacent areas. All modes of public transportation (rail, light rail, bus, trolleybus, lake passenger liner, funicular, an aerial tram) within a chosen number of fare zones can be used freely with a ticket that is valid for a certain amount of time (e.g., 1 hour, 24 hours) or with monthly/annual subscriptions.
Pete McCarthy
Peter Charles McCarthy Robinson (9 November 1951 – 6 October 2004) was an Anglo-Irish comedian, radio and television presenter and travel writer. He was noted for his best-selling travel books McCarthy's Bar (2000) and The Road to McCarthy (2002), in which he explored western Ireland and the Irish diaspora around the world.

Loose Ends (radio programme)
Loose Ends is a British radio programme originally broadcast on Saturday mornings, and then transmitted early Saturday evenings from 1998 by BBC Radio 4. It was hosted by Ned Sherrin until 2006 and has been hosted by Clive Anderson, Nikki Bedi and Peter Curran since 2007. The programme brings together guests, generally from the world of entertainment, in a mix of interviews, sets by comedians and musical sessions.
Xanthodes congenita
Xanthodes congenita, the golden noctuid or as larva, the hairy leafeating caterpillar, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by George Hampson in 1912. It is found in Australia in New South Wales, the Northern Territory and Queensland.

The larvae feed on the leaves, buds, flowers and fruit of Gossypium, Nephelium lappaceum and Durio zibethinus. It is considered to be a minor pest on these species. They have also been reported on Hibiscus rosa-sinensis and Brachychiton.

Hibiscus × rosa-sinensis
Hibiscus × rosa-sinensis (known colloquially as Chinese hibiscus, China rose, Hawaiian hibiscus, rose mallow and shoeblack plant) is a cultigen of tropical hibiscus, a flowering plant in the Hibiscus genus and Hibisceae tribe of the family Malvaceae.

It is an artificial hybrid created in cultivation during the pre-Columbian era by Polynesians in the west Pacific from the species Hibiscus cooperi and H. kaute (native to Vanuatu and French Polynesia, respectively). It is widely cultivated as an ornamental plant in the tropics and subtropics. The hibiscus is the national flower of Malaysia, where it holds official status, and is also considered the unofficial national flower of Haiti.
Singaravelan
Singaravelan (/sɪŋɡɑːrəveɪlən/) is a 1992 Indian Tamil-language romantic comedy film written and directed by R. V. Udayakumar from a story by Panchu Arunachalam. The film stars Kamal Haasan and Khushbu. It revolves around a villager who is tasked with locating his urbanite cousin and marrying her, with the intention of reuniting their separated family.

Singaravelan was produced by R. D. Bhaskar under the production company Pavalar Creations. The film's soundtrack was composed by Ilaiyaraaja. Abdul Rahman handled cinematography, while B. Lenin and V. T. Vijayan handled editing respectively.

Singaravelan was released on 13 April 1992 and became a hit at the box office. Though the film attained cult status in Tamil cinema, it received criticism in later years for glorifying misogyny, sexism and stalking.

B. Lenin
Bhimsingh Lenin (born 15 August 1947) is an Indian film editor, writer and director who works in Tamil, Malayalam and Hindi films. The son of Tamil film maker A. Bhimsingh, Lenin entered the film industry as an assistant editor and went on to work in numerous projects before making his debut as an independent editor with Mahendran's Uthiripookkal (1979). In the mid 1980s, Lenin started jointly working with his long-time assistant V. T. Vijayan and the duo has so far edited over a hundred films.

As of 2017, Lenin has won five National Film Awards, including the awards for Best Direction and Best Editing. He was the chairman of the Film Federation of India of India in 2011.
Virginia State Route 657 (Fairfax County)
State Route 657 in Fairfax County, Virginia is a secondary state highway which traverses the western portion of the county. It runs 8.4 miles from SR 28 near the boundary between Centreville and Chantilly to SR 228 at the town limits of Herndon.

Centreville, Virginia
Centreville is a census-designated place (CDP) in Fairfax County, Virginia, United States. It is a suburb of Washington, D.C., the nation's capital. It had a population of 73,518, making it the most-populous community in Fairfax County as of the 2020 U.S. census

Centreville is approximately 20 miles (32 km) west of Washington, D.C.
Shwegyin Dam
The Shwegyin Dam is a rock-fill dam on the Shwegyin River in Shwegyin Township of the Bago Region located in the southern central part of Burma. The primary purpose of the dam is hydroelectric power generation and it has a 75 megawatts (101,000 hp) power station just below its base. Construction on the dam began in 2002, the first generator was operational in December 2010 and it was formally opened on 22 October 2011. It is owned by the Ministry of Electric Power and cost US$161 million to construct.

Shwegyin Township
Shwegyin Township (Burmese: ရွှေကျင်မြို့နယ်) is a township in Nyaunglebin District in the Bago Region of Myanmar. It is also called Saw Hti Township (Burmese: ဆောထိမြို့နယ်). The principal town is Shwegyin.
Volleyball at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament
The men's tournament in volleyball at the 2008 Summer Olympics was the 12th edition of the event at the Summer Olympics, organized by the world's governing body, the FIVB, in conjunction with the IOC. It was held in Beijing, China from 10 to 24 August 2008.

The twelve competing teams were split equally into two pools of six teams. Each team played all other teams in their pool with the winning team gaining 2 points and the losing side 1 point. The top four teams from each pool progressed through to the quarterfinals. The rest of the tournament was a single-elimination bracket, with a bronze medal match held between the two semifinal losers.

A total of 38 matches were played: 15 in each group, 4 quarterfinals, 2 semifinals, 1 bronze medal match, and 1 gold medal match.

Time in China
The time in China follows a single standard time offset of UTC+08:00, where Beijing is located, even though the country spans five geographical time zones. It is the largest sovereign nation in the world that officially observes only one time zone.

The nationwide standardized time is named Beijing Time (BJT; Chinese: 北京时间) domestically and China Standard Time (CST) internationally. Daylight saving time has not been observed since 1991.

China Standard Time (UTC+8) is consistent across Mainland China, Hong Kong, and Macau. It is also equivalent with Taiwan, Philippines, Singapore, Brunei, most of Mongolia, Malaysia, Irkutsk Time of Russia, Western Australia, and Central Indonesia.
Neal King
Neal King,  is a retired American educator, writer, consultant and psychologist. He is president-emeritus, and former chair of the board of directors, of the International Association of University Presidents.  He is also president emeritus of Antioch University Los Angeles and Sofia University in Palo Alto, California.

In 2013, Caucasus University, in Tbilisi, Georgia, awarded King its Doctor Honoris Causa in recognition of his leadership in international higher education.

Antioch University New England
Antioch University New England is a private graduate school located in Keene, New Hampshire, United States. It is part of the Antioch University system, a private, non-profit, 501(c)(3) institution that includes campuses in Seattle, Washington; Los Angeles, California; and Santa Barbara, California. It is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission. The most well-known campus was Antioch College in Yellow Springs, Ohio, which is now independent of the Antioch University system.