hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
ABHD2
Abhydrolase domain-containing protein 2 is a serine hydrolase enzyme that is strongly expressed in human spermatozoa.  It is a key controller of sperm hyperactivation, which is a necessary step in allowing sperm to fertilize an egg. It is encoded by the ABHD2 gene.

Hyperactivation
Hyperactivation is a type of sperm motility.  Hyperactivated sperm motility is characterised by a high amplitude, asymmetrical beating pattern of the sperm tail (flagellum).  This type of motility may aid in sperm penetration of the zona pellucida, which encloses the ovum.

Hyperactivation could then be followed by the acrosome reaction where the cap-like structure on the head of the cell releases the enzymes it contains.  This facilitates the penetration of the ovum and fertilisation.

Some definitions consider sperm activation to consist of these two processes of hyperactivation and the acrosome reaction.

Hyperactivation is a term also used to express an X chromosome gene dosage compensation mechanism and is seen in Drosophila. Here, a complex of proteins bind to the X-linked genes to effectively double their genetic activity. This allows males (XY) to have equal genetic activity as females (XX), whose X's are not hyperactivated.
Squeeze bottle
A squeeze bottle is a type of container such as a plastic bottle for dispensing a fluid, that is powered by squeezing the container by exerting pressure with the user's hand. Its fundamental characteristic is that manual pressure applied to a resilient hollow body is harnessed to compress fluid within it and thereby expel the fluid through some form of nozzle.

Typically, as with wash bottles and commercial resealable containers for many viscous fluids including sauces and adhesives, it is the main body of the container that is squeezed. While atomizers fit the basic pattern of squeeze bottles, they differ from those typical examples in that the squeezed component compresses and propels air, whose interaction with a volatile liquid inside a rigid container then entrains and dispenses a mist of the liquid.

The relevant United States Patent Classification is: B65D1/32 Containers adapted to be temporarily deformed by external pressure to expel contents.

Fluid
In physics, a fluid is a liquid, gas, or other material that may continuously move and deform (flow) under an applied shear stress, or external force. They have zero shear modulus, or, in simpler terms, are substances which cannot resist any shear force applied to them.
UAE Tour
The UAE Tour (Arabic: جولة الإمارات) are road cycling stage races in the United Arab Emirates, created as a result of the merging of the Abu Dhabi Tour and the Dubai Tour. A men's event was first held in 2019 as part of the UCI World Tour. A women's event was first held in 2023 as part of the UCI Women's World Tour. Both races have been won three times – the men's race by Slovenian rider Tadej Pogačar, and the women's race by Italian rider Elisa Longo Borghini. The race is owned by the Abu Dhabi Sports Council and organised by RCS Sport, the organisers of the Giro d'Italia and Giro d'Italia Women.

Elisa Longo Borghini
Elisa Longo Borghini (born 10 December 1991) is an Italian professional road cyclist, who rides for UCI Women's WorldTeam UAE Team ADQ.

Longo Borghini is a two-time winner of the Giro d'Italia Women (2024 and 2025), as well as two bronze medals in the road race at the Summer Olympic Games, taking third-place finishes in Rio de Janeiro and Tokyo. She has also won two bronze medals in the equivalent event at the UCI Road World Championships, doing so in 2012 and 2020. She has won several races often considered  classics of women's cycling, including: Trofeo Alfredo Binda in 2013 and 2021,   Tour of Flanders in 2015 and 2024, Strade Bianche in 2017, and Paris–Roubaix Femmes in 2022.
The Grandmother (2021 film)
The Grandmother (Spanish: La abuela) is a 2021 horror film directed by Paco Plaza from a screenplay by Carlos Vermut which stars Almudena Amor and Vera Valdez. It is a Spanish-French co-production. Tracking a fashion model (Amor) returning home to look after her ailing grandmother (Valdez), the plot tackles the horror of ageing and the need for elderly care, with a supernatural side taking over progressively.

The film had its world premiere at the 69th San Sebastián International Film Festival on 22 September 2021, and was released in Spain and France, respectively on 28 January and 6 April 2022.

Institute of Cinematography and Audiovisual Arts
The Institute of Cinematography and Audiovisual Arts (Spanish: Instituto de la Cinematografía y de las Artes Audiovisuales; ICAA) is a Spanish government agency, charged with the planning of policies to support the film industry and audiovisual production. It depends on the Ministry of Culture. It is a member of the European Film Promotion (EFP) network on behalf of Spain.
Glenn Davies
Glenn Naunton Davies (born 1950) is an Australian Anglican bishop. Since August 2022 he has served as bishop of the Diocese of the Southern Cross, an Anglican diocese set up outside of the Anglican Church of Australia. He previously served as the Archbishop of Sydney and Metropolitan of the Province of New South Wales in the Anglican Church of Australia from 23 August 2013 to 26 March 2021.

Province of New South Wales
The Province of New South Wales is an ecclesiastical province of the Anglican Church of Australia, the boundaries of which are nearly all of the state  New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory. The province consists of seven dioceses: Armidale, Bathurst, Canberra and Goulburn, Grafton, Newcastle, Riverina and Sydney.

The metropolitan of the province is the Archbishop of Sydney. Kanishka Raffel was elected as Archbishop of Sydney and Metropolitan of New South Wales on 6 May 2021 and was consecrated and installed in that role on 28 May 2021.
Foxfire (1955 film)
Foxfire is a 1955 American drama romance Western film released by Universal-International, directed by Joseph Pevney, and starring Jane Russell, Jeff Chandler, and Dan Duryea. The movie was loosely based on a best-selling 1950 novel by Anya Seton.

Foxfire is historically notable in that it was the last American film to be shot in three-strip Technicolor, a process that had been supplanted by the coarser-grained and less chromatically saturated, but much cheaper, Eastmancolor single-strip process.

Dan Duryea
Dan Duryea (/ˈdʊri.eɪ/ DUR-ee-ay, January 23, 1907 – June 7, 1968) was an American actor in film, stage, and television. Known for portraying villains, he had a long career in a variety of leading and secondary roles.
Uligan
Uligan or Uligamu (Dhivehi: އުލިގަން) is one of the inhabited islands of Haa Alif Atoll and geographically part of the Ihavandhippolhu Atoll in the Maldives. It is an island-level administrative constituency governed by the Uligan Island Council.

Administrative divisions of the Maldives
The administrative divisions of the Maldives refers to the various units of government that provide local government services in the Maldives. According to the Decentralization Act 2010, the administrative divisions of the Maldives would consist of atolls, islands, and cities; each is administered by its own local council, under the basic terms of home rule. Geographically, the Maldives are formed by a number of natural atolls plus a few islands and isolated reefs which form a pattern from north to south. Administratively, there are currently 189 islands, 18 atolls and 4 cities in the Maldives.
Pukupuku Natural Circular Notice
Pukupuku Natural Circular Notice (ぷくぷく天然かいらんばん, Pukupuku Tennen Kairanban) is a shōjo manga by Sayuri Tatsuyama (creator of Happy Happy Clover). It was published by Shogakukan in the magazine Ciao from 1999 to 2005 and collected in ten tankōbon volumes. In 2002, it won the Shogakukan Manga Award for children's manga. The author based the series on her own pet.

Ciao (magazine)
Ciao  (ちゃお, Chao) is a Japanese shōjo manga magazine published by Shogakukan. The magazine launched in 1977 and always comes with a free gift which used to always be paper crafts, but now varies every month. The magazine's competitors are Ribon and Nakayoshi. Manga published in Ciao are released under the Ciao Comics imprint.
Hilbert's twenty-second problem
Hilbert's twenty-second problem is the penultimate entry in the celebrated list of 23 Hilbert problems compiled in 1900 by David Hilbert.  It entails the uniformization of analytic relations by means of automorphic functions.

David Hilbert
David Hilbert  (/ˈhɪlbərt/; German: [ˈdaːvɪt ˈhɪlbɐt]; 23 January 1862 – 14 February 1943) was a German mathematician and philosopher of mathematics and one of the most influential mathematicians of his time.

Hilbert discovered and developed a broad range of fundamental ideas including invariant theory, the calculus of variations, commutative algebra, algebraic number theory, the foundations of geometry, spectral theory of operators and its application to integral equations, mathematical physics, and the foundations of mathematics (particularly proof theory). He adopted and defended Georg Cantor's set theory and transfinite numbers. In 1900, he presented a collection of problems that set a course for mathematical research of the 20th century.

Hilbert and his students contributed to establishing rigor and developed important tools used in modern mathematical physics. He was a co-founder of proof theory and mathematical logic.
Bell baronets of Mynthurst (1909)
The Bell baronetcy, of Mynthurst in the Parish of Leigh in the County of Surrey, was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 25 November 1909 for Henry Bell, chairman of the Buenos Aires Western Railway and director of the Buenos Aires Great Southern Railway. The title became extinct on the death of the 2nd Baronet in 1955.

Buenos Aires Great Southern Railway
The Buenos Aires Great Southern Railway (BAGS) (Spanish: Ferrocarril del Sud) was one of the Big Four broad gauge, 5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm), British-owned companies that built and operated railway networks in Argentina. The company was founded by Edward Lumb in 1862 and the first general manager was Edward Banfield after whom the Buenos Aires suburban station of Banfield was named, when it opened in 1873. After president Juan Perón nationalised the Argentine railway network in 1948, it became part of the state-owned company Ferrocarril General Roca.
Oakland Christian School
Oakland Christian School (OCS) is a private pre-kindergarten–12 Christian school located in Auburn Hills, Oakland County, Michigan.

As of the 2021–22 school year, the school had an enrollment of 510 students and 42 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 12.1:1. The school's student body was 80.8% (412) White, 6.5% (33) Black, 6.1% (31) Hispanic, 4.3% (22) two or more races, 2.2% (11) Asian and 0.2% (1) Native Hawaiian / Pacific Islander.

Oakland County, Michigan
Oakland County is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is a principal county of the Detroit metropolitan area, containing the bulk of Detroit's northern suburbs. Its county seat is Pontiac, and its largest city is Troy. As of the 2020 census, its population 1,274,395, making it the second-most populous county in Michigan (behind neighboring Wayne County), and the most populous county in the United States without a city of 100,000 residents.

Founded in 1819 and organized the following year, Oakland County is composed of 62 cities, villages, and townships. In 2010, Oakland County was among the ten wealthiest counties in the United States to have over one million residents. It is also home to Oakland University, a large public institution that straddles the border between the cities of Auburn Hills and Rochester Hills.
Rod Grubb
Rodney Grubb (died July 18, 2005) was an American football coach and player.  He served as the interim head football coach at St. Olaf College in Northfield, Minnesota for one season in 1996, following the death of head coach Don Canfield. Grubb had served as an assistant at St. Olaf from 1974 to 1989.

St. Olaf College
St. Olaf College is a private liberal arts college in Northfield, Minnesota, United States. It was founded in 1874 by a group of Norwegian-American pastors and farmers led by Pastor Bernt Julius Muus. The college is named after the King and the Patron Saint Olaf II of Norway and is affiliated with the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America.

As of 2025, the college had 3,124 undergraduate students and 326 full and part-time faculty members. The campus, including its adjacent 430-acre (170 ha) natural lands, is west of downtown Northfield, Minnesota. Northfield is also the home of its neighbor and friendly rival, Carleton College. Between 1995 and 2020, 154 St. Olaf graduates were named Fulbright Scholars and 35 received Goldwater Scholarships.
Manshiyat Ezzat
Manshiyat Ezzat also known as Mansheya Ezzat (منشأة عزت) is a village located in the eastern portion of Dakahlia Governorate in Lower Egypt, in the city of El Senbellawein.

During the 1st Dynasty of the Old Kingdom, cemetery plots dating from the reign of Pharaoh Den were built. This resulted in one of the ceremonial cosmetic palettes of predynastic times being interred. The cosmetic palette is one of the more ornate examples, the Manshiyat Ezzat Palette. It contains the twin lion serpopards, as found on the famous Narmer Palette, the cosmetic eyepaint mixing circle, and some mammals endemic to Egypt. Many of the cosmetic palettes of Ancient Egypt were found in the Saqqara area cemeteries to the south.

Cosmetic palette
Cosmetic palettes are archaeological artifacts, originally used in predynastic Egypt to grind and apply ingredients for facial or body cosmetics. The decorative palettes of the late 4th millennium BCE appear to have lost this function and became commemorative, ornamental, and possibly ceremonial. They were made almost exclusively out of siltstone with a few exceptions. The siltstone originated from quarries in the Wadi Hammamat.

Many of the palettes were found at Hierakonpolis, a centre of power in pre-dynastic Upper Egypt.  After the unification of the country, the palettes ceased to be included in tomb assemblages.
Hugo Aguilaniu
Hugo Aguilaniu (born 4 October 1975) is a French geneticist whose research focuses on the molecular mechanisms of aging. He has been the executive director of the Instituto Serrapilheira in Brazil since 2017 .

Geneticist
A geneticist is a biologist or physician who studies genetics, the science of genes, heredity, and variation of organisms. A geneticist can be employed as a scientist or a lecturer. Geneticists may perform general research on genetic processes or develop genetic technologies to aid in the pharmaceutical or and agriculture industries. Some geneticists perform experiments in model organisms such as Drosophila, C. elegans, zebrafish, rodents or humans and analyze data to interpret the inheritance of biological traits. A basic science geneticist is a scientist who usually has earned a PhD in genetics and undertakes research and/or lectures in the field. A medical geneticist is a physician who has been trained in medical genetics as a specialization and evaluates, diagnoses, and manages patients with hereditary conditions or congenital malformations; and provides genetic risk calculations and mutation analysis.
San Felipe (shipwreck)
The San Felipe (also known as El Lerri, El Terri, or Tyrri) is a historic shipwreck near Islamorada, Florida, United States. It is located east of Lower Matecumbe Key and south of the wreck of the San Pedro. On August 11, 1994, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.

Islamorada, Florida
Islamorada (also sometimes Isla Morada) is an incorporated village in Monroe County, Florida, United States. It is located directly between Miami and Key West on five islands—Tea Table Key, Lower Matecumbe Key, Upper Matecumbe Key, Windley Key, and Plantation Key—in the Florida Keys. As of the 2020 census, the village had a population of 7,107, up from 6,119 in 2010.
National Tramway Museum
The National Tramway Museum, operating under the name Crich Tramway Village, is a transport museum located at Crich (listenⓘ), in the Peak District of the English county of Derbyshire. The museum's collection of trams is officially designated as being of national importance and encompasses the 1860s to the present day. The museum is set within a reconstructed historic village, featuring a traditional public house, café, period-style sweetshop, and a tram depot. Many of the trams are fully operational and provide rides for visitors along a scenic route that runs through the village and into the surrounding countryside.

The museum is operated by the Tramway Museum Society, a registered charity which receives no funding from local or central government and relies on admission charges and donations.

Clay Cross
Clay Cross is a town and a civil parish in the North East Derbyshire district of Derbyshire, England. It is a former industrial and mining town, about 5 miles (8.0 km) south of Chesterfield. 
It is directly on the A61. Surrounding settlements include North Wingfield, Tupton, Pilsley and Ashover.
Ashtadhatu
Ashtadhatu (Sanskrit: अष्टधातु, romanized: Aṣṭadhātu, lit. 'eight metals'), also called octo-alloy, is an alloy comprising the eight metals of gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc, tin, iron, and mercury, often used for casting metallic idols for Jain and Hindu temples in India.

The composition is laid down in the Shilpa Shastras, a collection of ancient texts that describe arts, crafts, and their design rules, principles and standards. Ashtadhatu is used because it is considered sattivik (virtuous or pure) in Hinduism, and does not decay, and it is also restricted to the production of images for the deities Kubera, Vishnu, Krishna, Rama, Kartikeya, and the goddesses Durga and Lakshmi.

Its traditional composition, all eight metals are in equal proportion (12.5% each).

Devanagari transliteration
Devanagari transliteration is the process of representing text written in Devanagari script—an Indic script used for Classical Sanskrit and many other Indic languages—in the Latin script, preserving pronunciation and spelling conventions. There are several methods of transliteration from Devanagari to the Latin script (i.e., romanisation), including the IAST notation. Romanised Devanagari is also called Romanagari.
Hollywood Wax Museum Pigeon Forge
The Hollywood Wax Museum is a two-story wax museum in Pigeon Forge, Tennessee. It features replicas of celebrities in film, television and music. The Tennessee museum was originally located in Gatlinburg, Tennessee.

Gatlinburg, Tennessee
Gatlinburg is a city in Sevier County, Tennessee, United States. It is located 39 miles (63 km) southeast of Knoxville and had a population of 3,577 at the 2020 census. It is a popular mountain resort town, as it rests on the border of Great Smoky Mountains National Park along U.S. Route 441.
Gerardo Huidobro
Gerardo Huidobro Sigismondi (born 28 June 1996) is a Peruvian swimmer who has won several national and international medals at junior level. He has also participated in the 2013 FINA World Junior Swimming Championships in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, in 2013 and he has had several gold medals and records at the South American Junior Championships.

In 2015 he started his collegiate career at Albion College, and he has won several individual gold medals at the Michigan Intercollegiate Athletic Association.

South American U20 Championships in Athletics
The South American U20 Championships in Athletics are the South American championships in the sport of athletics which is open for those in the U20 age category (19 years or under). It is organized by the South American Athletics Confederation (Atletismo Sudamericano).

The competition was first held in 1959 in Buenos Aires. It was an annual event from its inaugural year until 1962, at which point it was held every two years. The championships became an annual event again over the period between 1983 and 2003, but reverted to a biennial format from then onwards.
1988 Delaware 500
The 1988 Delaware 500 was the 23rd stock car race of the 1988 NASCAR Winston Cup Series season and the 18th iteration of the event. The race was held on Sunday, September 18, 1988, before an audience of 56,500 in Dover, Delaware at Dover Downs International Speedway, a 1-mile (1.6 km) permanent oval-shaped racetrack. The race took the scheduled 500 laps to complete. At race's end, Melling Racing's Bill Elliott managed to dominate a majority of the race, leading 392 laps to take his 29th career NASCAR Winston Cup Series victory and his sixth and final victory of the season. To fill out the top three, Richard Childress Racing's Dale Earnhardt and Blue Max Racing's Rusty Wallace would finish second and third, respectively.

Melling Racing
Melling Racing was a Championship-winning NASCAR Winston Cup Series race team owned by Harry Melling and his son Mark Melling. Harry Melling ran the team from its inception in 1982, to mid-1999. When Harry died after a heart attack in mid-1999, his son Mark then took over Melling Racing until the team closed in 2003.

The team was most notable for fielding cars for Bill Elliott in the 1980s, where he won the 1985 Southern 500 at Darlington to claim the first ever Winston Million bonus, claiming the fastest qualifying lap in NASCAR history at Talladega Superspeedway with a lap of 212.809 mph in 1987, and winning the 1988 Winston Cup championship. Melling won 34 career NASCAR Winston Cup races, all of them with Bill Elliott.
2011 Columbus, Ohio mayoral election
The Columbus mayoral election of 2011 was the 84th mayoral election in Columbus, Ohio.  It was held on Tuesday, November 8, 2011.  Incumbent mayor Michael B. Coleman defeated challenger Earl W. Smith. The scheduled nonpartisan primary was canceled because only two candidates were able to make the ballot. While the election was formally nonpartisan, Coleman was affiliated with the Democratic party while Smith was affiliated with the Republican party. Coleman was re-elected to a fourth term and became the longest-serving mayor of Columbus.

The Columbus Dispatch
The Columbus Dispatch is a daily newspaper based in Columbus, Ohio. Its first issue was published on July 1, 1871, and it has been the only mainstream daily newspaper in the city since The Columbus Citizen-Journal ceased publication in 1985.

As of November 2019, Alan D. Miller is the newspaper's interim general manager.
Largs Campus
Largs Campus is an amalgamation of Secondary, Early Years and Primary schools which includes; Largs Academy, Largs Primary, St Mary's Primary and Largs Early Years. It opened in March 2018, serving the towns of Largs, Fairlie, Skelmorlie and the island of Cumbrae, the academy takes placement requests from across Scotland, from places such as West Kilbride, Beith and Renfrewshire. The campus is in partnership with SportsScotland, providing what is believed to be the largest Fitness and Sports gym in the United Kingdom.

West Kilbride
West Kilbride (Scottish Gaelic: Cille Bhrìghde an Iar) is a village and historic parish in North Ayrshire, Scotland, on the west coast by the Firth of Clyde, looking across the Firth of Clyde to Goat Fell and the Isle of Arran. West Kilbride and adjoining districts of Seamill and Portencross are generally considered to be a small town, having a combined population of 4,393 at the 2001 census.