hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nottawasaga River
The Nottawasaga River is a river in Simcoe County and Dufferin County in Central Ontario, Canada. It is part of the Great Lakes Basin, and is a tributary of Lake Huron. The river flows from the Orangeville Reservoir in the town of Orangeville, Dufferin County, through the Niagara Escarpment and the Minesing Wetlands, the latter a wetland of international significance (Ramsar Convention site), and empties into Nottawasaga Bay, an inlet of Georgian Bay on Lake Huron, at the town of Wasaga Beach, Simcoe County.

The river takes its name from the Ojibwe word "Nottawasaga". Nottawa (or Naadowe in modern orthography)  means "Iroquois" and saga (zaagi in modern orthography) means "mouth of the river"; the word "Nottawasaga" (Naddowe-zaagi in modern orthography) was used by Algonquin scouts as a warning if they saw Iroquois raiding parties approaching their villages.

Thus, the name of the river, in Ojibwe is  Naadawe-zaaga-ziibi.

Orangeville, Ontario
Orangeville is a town in south-central Ontario, Canada, and is the seat of Dufferin County.

The first patent of land was issued to Ezekiel Benson, a land surveyor, on August 7, 1820. That was followed by land issued to Alan Robinet in 1822.
Daniel Lee Redman
Daniel Lee Redman (October 4, 1889 – April 8, 1948) was a lawyer, soldier and a Canadian federal politician.

Born in Oil City, Ontario, Redman served in the 103rd Regiment "Calgary Rifles", and then served overseas with the Canadian Expeditionary Force in the First World War.

Redman returned to Calgary and ran in the 1917 Canadian federal election as the Unionist coalition candidate in East Calgary. He ended up winning the district defeating future Member of Parliament William Irvine in a landslide.

Redman served one term in the House of Commons of Canada before retiring in 1921.

He died at Holy Cross Hospital in Calgary on April 8, 1948.

Enniskillen, Ontario
Enniskillen is a township in the Canadian province of Ontario, within Lambton County. It is located at the intersection of Highway 21 (Oil Heritage Road) and Rokeby Line. The economy of the township is based on agriculture. It was named after Sir Galbraith Lowry Cole's father who was the Earl of Enniskillen, Northern Ireland.
Veronika Remišová
Veronika Remišová (born 31 May 1976) is a Slovak politician who previously served as Deputy Prime Minister of the Slovak Republic and Minister of Investments, Regional Development and Informatization of the Slovak Republic. In 2016, she stood for the National Council as a member of Ordinary People. In 2019, Remišová left the party and joined Andrej Kiska's For the People. In the 2023 parliamentary election she ran and was elected on the ticket of the OĽaNO and Friends as leader of the For the People party to the National Council.

OĽaNO and Friends
OĽaNO and Friends (Slovak: OĽaNO a priatelia), whose full legal name is OĽaNO and Friends: Ordinary People (OĽaNO), Independent Candidates (NEKA), NOVA, Free and Responsible, Pačivale Roma, Magyar szívek and Christian Union and For the People (Slovak: OĽANO A PRIATELIA: OBYČAJNÍ ĽUDIA (OĽANO), NEZÁVISLÍ KANDIDÁTI (NEKA), NOVA, SLOBODNÍ A ZODPOVEDNÍ, PAČIVALE ROMA, MAGYAR SZÍVEK a Kresťanská únia a ZA ĽUDÍ), is a political coalition in Slovakia established on 26 May 2023.
La Débâcle
La Débâcle (1892), translated as The Debacle and The Downfall, is the penultimate novel of Émile Zola's Les Rougon-Macquart series, which first appeared as a serial in La Vie populaire from 21 February to 21 July 1892, before being published in book form by Charpentier.

The story is set against the background of the political and military tumults that ended the reign of Napoléon III and the Second Empire in 1870, in particular the Franco-Prussian War, the Battle of Sedan, and the Paris Commune.

Despite the hostility with which it was initially received by Bonapartists, monarchists, and in particular by veterans of the French army, La Débâcle was Zola's greatest commercial success, selling a hundred and fifty thousand copies within five months of its release.

Monarchism
Monarchism is the advocacy of the system of monarchy or monarchical rule. A monarchist is an individual who supports this form of government independently of any specific monarch, whereas one who supports a particular monarch is a royalist. Conversely, the opposition to monarchical rule is referred to as republicanism.
Siobhan Thompson
Siobhan Thompson (born 29 July 1984) is a British-American comedian and writer. She is known for her work on the CollegeHumor Originals web series and for her roles on Dropout's Dimension 20. She has appeared in other programmes such as Adam Ruins Everything and Broad City. She was also a staff writer for Adult Swim's Rick and Morty and as of 2024 a writer on Krapopolis.

Broad City
Broad City is an American television sitcom created by and starring Ilana Glazer and Abbi Jacobson. It was developed from their independent web series of the same name, which was produced between 2009 and 2011. The sitcom, like the web series, is based on Glazer and Jacobson's real-life friendship, and their attempt to "make it" in New York. The sitcom premiered on Comedy Central on January 22, 2014, and aired for five seasons, ending on March 28, 2019. The show received critical acclaim throughout its run and has been ranked among the best television shows of the 2010s.
No. 4 Electronic Switching System
The No. 4 Electronic Switching System (4ESS) is a class 4 telephone electronic switching system that was the first digital electronic toll switch introduced by Western Electric for long-distance switching. It was introduced in Chicago in January 1976, to replace the 4A crossbar switch. The last of the 145 systems in the AT&T network was installed in 1999 in Atlanta. Approximately half of the switches were manufactured in Lisle, Illinois, and the other half in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. At the time of the Bell System divestiture, most of the 4ESS switches became assets of AT&T as part of the long-distance network, while others remained in the RBOC networks. By late 2025, only four of the original 4ESS tandems remain in the AT&T long distance network, many of which have been replaced by the Next Generation 4ESS (N4E).

Lisle, Illinois
Lisle (/ˈlaɪəl/ LY-əl) is a village in DuPage County, Illinois, United States. As of the 2020 census, Lisle had a population of 24,223. It is a south-western suburb of Chicago in the Illinois Technology and Research Corridor. It is also the headquarters of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission Region III.
Video games in Indonesia
Video gaming in Indonesia is a growing sector, holding the 16th largest market in the world and about half of the Southeast Asian market in 2017. Over 40 million people in the country are active gamers, with mobile gaming being the dominant sector in terms of revenue. The development of video games in the country began with imported consoles and arcade centres, prior to developments of online gameplay in PC games and increasing prevalence of the internet cafés. Mobile games only began gaining importance as smartphones were introduced.

The Indonesian video game industry contributed about US$1.1 billion to the national economy in 2015, despite only earning a small fraction of the local gaming revenues. Video game piracy is also prevalent across the country, making up the majority of installed games.

Ragnarok Online
Ragnarok Online (Korean: 라그나로크 온라인, Rageunarokeu Onrain marketed as Ragnarök, and alternatively subtitled The Final Destiny of the Gods) is a massive multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) created by Gravity based on the manhwa Ragnarok by Lee Myung-jin. It was released in South Korea on 31 August 2002 for Microsoft Windows. The game has spawned an animated series, Ragnarok the Animation, and a sequel game, Ragnarok Online 2: Legend of the Second. The player's characters exist in a world with a player environment that includes NPC's (non-playable characters) that can be interacted with, and creatures spawning in maps that need to be defeated to level-up and to acquire items.
Pelican Narrows, Saskatchewan
Pelican Narrows (Woods Cree: ᐅᐹᐏᑯᐢᒋᑲᓂᕽ, romanized: opâwikoscikanihk, lit. 'The Narrows of Fear') is a northern village in the boreal forest of central Saskatchewan, Canada. Its location is on Pelican Lake about 120 km (75 mi) northwest of Creighton by the Hanson Lake Road and Highway 135.

The community is northwest of the Opawikusehikan Narrows that join Mirond and Pelican Lakes, which lie between the Sturgeon-Weir and Churchill River systems. Pelican Narrows is the administrative headquarters for the Peter Ballantyne Cree Nation, a member of the Prince Albert Grand Council, and the majority of the townsite is reserve land. The community consists of the Northern Village of Pelican Narrows and Pelican Narrows 184B and Pelican Narrows 206 Indian Reserve. Together they formed a population centre of about 2,133 people in 2021.

Woods Cree
Woods Cree is an indigenous language spoken in Northern Manitoba, Northern Saskatchewan and Northern Alberta, Canada. It is part of the Cree-Montagnais-Naskapi dialect continuum. The dialect continuum has around 116,000 speakers; the exact population of Woods Cree speakers is unknown, estimated between 2,600 and 35,000.
Andrea Muzii
Andrea Muzii (born 13 October 1999) is an Italian memory competitor, former speedcuber, 3 times European Memory Champion (1 classic, 2 ML), who became IAM World Memory Champion in 2019 and IAM World No.1 ranked athlete. He was the first memory athlete to achieve the IAM title of Grandmaster of Memory-Gold.

On September 12, 2021, Muzii accomplished the IAM highest overall score of all-time with 8594, then beating it again in October 2021 with 8858 becoming also the highest-rated of all-time in the IAM Official World Ranking.

Muzii was the second top-ranked Memory League competitor for 2021/2022 and 2022/2023 and winner of 5 ML Seasons (8, 9, 10, 11, 16) and 3 ML Opens.

World Memory Championships
The World Memory Championships is an organized competition of memory sports in which competitors memorize as much information as possible within a given period of time. The championship has taken place annually since 1991, with the exception of 1992. It was originated by Tony Buzan and co founded by Tony Buzan and Ray Keene. It continues to be organized by the World Memory Sports Council (WMSC), which was jointly founded by Tony Buzan and Ray Keene. In 2016, due to a dispute between some players and the WMSC, the International Association of Memory (IAM) was launched. From 2017 onward, both organizations have hosted their own world championships.

The current WMSC world champion is Naranzul Otgon-Ulaan of Mongolia. The current IAM world champion is Naranzul Otgon-Ulaan of India.
Maximiano Errázuriz Valdés
Maximiano Errázuriz Valdés (29 January 1895 – 10 October 1950) was a Chilean lawyer, diplomat and conservative politician.

He served as a member of the Chamber of Deputies and later as a Senator representing Talca, Maule, Curicó and Linares between 1933 and 1949.

Chamber of Deputies of Chile
33°02′52″S 71°36′21″W﻿ / ﻿33.04778°S 71.60583°W﻿ / -33.04778; -71.60583

The Chamber of Deputies (Spanish: Cámara de Diputadas y Diputados) is the lower house of Chile's bicameral Congress. Its organisation and its powers and duties are defined in articles 42 to 59 of Chile's current constitution.
Estadio Francisco Montaner
The Estadio Francisco ("Paquito") Montaner (English: Francisco ("Paquito") Montaner Stadium) is a multi-use stadium in Ponce, Puerto Rico. It is home to the Leones de Ponce team of the Puerto Rico Baseball League (LBPPR) and FC Leones of the Puerto Rico Soccer League (PRSL). The stadium has a capacity of 16,000 seats. Construction of the stadium began in 1947 and it opened on 15 October 1949. Montaner is the first stadium in Puerto Rico with an artificial surface field. The stadium lies next to the Juan Pachín Vicéns Auditorium, where the Ponce Lions (basketball) hold their games. The Stadium was named to honor Francisco "Paquito" Montaner, one of the greatest Puerto Rican pitchers of all times.

FC Leones
FC Leones is an association football team in Ponce, Puerto Rico that plays in the Puerto Rico Soccer League. Their debut took place during the 2011 season, in which they placed second during the regular season and later, during the Playoffs Cup, became the 2011 PRSL champions.

Also classified for the CFU Clubs Championship.
Jos Brink Award
The Jos Brink Award (Jos Brink Prijs in Dutch) is a Dutch LGBT emancipation prize, founded in 2008 by the Dutch government. It is awarded every two years and named after the Dutch gay actor, cabaret artist and writer Jos Brink (1942-2007).

Since 2011, a Jos Brink Innovation Prize (Jos Brink Innovatie Prijs) is awarded besides a Jos Brink Oeuvre Prize. In 2015, only the former prize was awarded.

Jos Brink
Jos Brink (19 June 1942 – 17 August 2007) was a Dutch actor, radio and musical performer, film producer, television and radio personality, columnist and author. Brink was also a pastor engaged to the oecumenical congregation De Duif in Amsterdam.

Brink was born in Heiloo, North Holland. He did much to promote acceptance of homosexuality in Dutch society and was a well-known out gay person. He started living with his artistic partner Frank Sanders in 1973.

In a 1979 TV show Thank You, Your Majesty he kissed Queen Juliana (1909–2004) while congratulating her on her 70th birthday.
Nacre
Nacre (/ˈneɪkər/ NAY-kər, also /ˈnækrə/ NAK-rə), also known as mother-of-pearl, is an organic–inorganic composite material produced by some molluscs as an inner shell layer. It is also the material of which pearls are composed. It is strong, resilient, and iridescent.

Nacre is found in some of the most ancient lineages of bivalves, gastropods, and cephalopods. However, the inner layer in the great majority of mollusc shells is porcellaneous, not nacreous, and this usually results in a non-iridescent shine, or more rarely in non-nacreous iridescence such as flame structure as is found in conch pearls.

The outer layer of cultured pearls and the inside layer of pearl oyster and freshwater pearl mussel shells are made of nacre. Other mollusc families that have a nacreous inner shell layer include marine gastropods such as the Haliotidae, the Trochidae and the Turbinidae.

Lamination
Lamination is the technique/process of manufacturing a material in multiple layers, so that the composite material achieves improved strength, stability, sound insulation, appearance, or other properties from the use of the differing materials, such as plastic. A laminate is a layered object or material assembled using heat, pressure, welding, or adhesives.  Various coating machines, machine presses and calendering equipment are used.

Lamination may be applied to textiles, glass, wood, or other materials. Laminating paper in plastic makes it sturdy, waterproof, and erasable. Laminating metals and electronic components may provide electrical insulation and other benefits.
Gérin
Gérin is a French surname.  Notable people with this name include:

Gérin, one of the paladins of Charlemagne's court

André Gerin (born 1946), French politician

Elzéar Gérin (1843–1887), Canadian politician

François Gérin (1944–2005), Canadian politician and lawyer

Henri Gérin (1900–1941), Canadian politician

John T. Gerin, American physician at Auburn State Prison in Auburn, New York

Léon Gérin (1863–1951), Canadian lawyer, civil servant, and sociologist

Léon-Denis Gérin (1894–1975), Canadian politician

Maksim Gerin (born 1984), Russian footballer

Winifred Gérin (1901–1981), English biographer

Winifred Gérin
Winifred Eveleen Gérin OBE, née Bourne, (7 October 1901 – 28 June 1981) was an English biographer born in Hamburg. She is best known as a biographer of the Brontë sisters and their brother Branwell, whose lives she researched extensively. Charlotte Brontë: the Evolution of Genius (1967) is regarded as her seminal work and received the James Tait Black Memorial Prize, the Rose Mary Crawshay Prize and the Royal Society of Literature Heinemann prize.
Vertical boiler with horizontal fire-tubes
A vertical boiler with horizontal fire-tubes is a type of small vertical boiler, used to generate steam for small machinery. It is characterised by having many narrow fire-tubes, running horizontally.

Boilers like this have been widely used on ships as either auxiliary or donkey boilers. Smaller examples, particularly the Robertson type have been used for steam wagons.

Model engineering
Model engineering is the pursuit of constructing proportionally scaled miniature working representations of full-sized machines. It is a branch of metalworking with a strong emphasis on artisanry, as opposed to mass production. While now mainly a hobby, in the past it also had commercial and industrial purpose. The term 'model engineering' was in use by 1888. In the United States, the term 'home shop machinist' is often used instead, although arguably the scope of this term is broader.

Model engineering is most popular in the industrialised countries that have an engineering heritage extending back to the days of steam power. That is, it is a pursuit principally found in the UK, US, northwestern European countries and the industrialised British Commonwealth countries.
Uniformly most powerful test
In statistical hypothesis testing, a uniformly most powerful (UMP) test is a hypothesis test which has the greatest power  among all possible tests of a given size α. For example, according to the Neyman–Pearson lemma, the likelihood-ratio test is UMP for testing simple (point) hypotheses.

Probability mass function
In probability and statistics, a probability mass function (sometimes called probability function or frequency function) is a function that gives the probability that a discrete random variable is exactly equal to some value.  Sometimes it is also known as the discrete probability density function. The probability mass function is often the primary means of defining a discrete probability distribution, and such functions exist for either scalar or multivariate random variables whose domain is discrete.

A probability mass function differs from a continuous probability density function (PDF) in that the latter is associated with continuous rather than discrete random variables. A continuous PDF must be integrated over an interval to yield a probability.

The value of the random variable having the largest probability mass is called the mode.
Cataxia stirlingi
Cataxia stirlingi is a species of mygalomorph spider in the Idiopidae family. It is endemic to Australia. It was described in 1985 by Australian arachnologist Barbara York Main. The specific epithet refers to the type locality.

Mygalomorphae
The Mygalomorphae, or mygalomorphs, are an infraorder of spiders, and comprise one of three major groups of living spiders with over 3,000 species, found on all continents except Antarctica. Many members are known as trapdoor spiders due to their creation of trapdoors over their burrows. Other prominent groups include Australian funnel web spiders and tarantulas, with the latter accounting for around one third of all mygalomorphs.
2003 ASB Classic – Doubles
Nicole Arendt and Liezel Huber were the defending champions, but none competed this year.

Teryn Ashley and Abigail Spears won the title by defeating Cara Black and Elena Likhovtseva 6–2, 2–6, 6–0 in the final.

Liezel Huber
Liezel Huber (née Horn; born 21 August 1976) is a South African-American retired tennis player who represented the United States internationally since August 2007. Huber has won four Grand Slam titles in women's doubles with partner Cara Black, one with Lisa Raymond, and two mixed doubles titles with Bob Bryan. On 12 November 2007, she became the co-world No. 1 in doubles with Cara Black. On 19 April 2010, Huber became the sole No. 1 for the first time in her career.
Chiran Airfield
Chiran Airfield is an abandoned military airfield located in Chiran, Minamikyūshū, on the Satsuma Peninsula of Kagoshima, Japan. It was established in December 1941, and mainly served as training base for Kamikaze pilots. Today, the Chiran Peace Museum for Kamikaze Pilots exists on the site of the former airfield.

Minamikyūshū
Minamikyūshū (南九州市, Minamikyūshū-shi; lit. "South Kyushu City") is a city in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. As of 30 June 2024, the city had an estimated population of 31,666 in 16189 households, and a  population density of 180 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 357.91 km2 (138.19 sq mi).
Maishan (East Syriac ecclesiastical province)
The Metropolitanate of Maishan or Maysan was an East Syriac metropolitan province of the Church of the East between the fifth and thirteenth centuries. The historical region of Maishan or Maysan (Syriac: ܡܝܫܢ) is situated in southern Iran. The metropolitans of Maishan sat at Prath d'Maishan (Syriac: ܦܪܬ ܕܡܝܫܢ), and for most of its history the province had three suffragan dioceses, at Karka d'Maishan (Syriac: ܟܪܟܐ ܕܡܝܫܢ), Rima (Syriac: ܪܝܡܐ) and Nahargur (Syriac: ܢܗܪܓܘܪ).  The last metropolitan of Maishan, the noted East Syriac author Shlemun (Solomon) of Basra, is attested in 1222, and it is not clear when the province ceased to exist.

Acacius of Seleucia-Ctesiphon
Acacius was Catholicos of Seleucia-Ctesiphon and Patriarch of the Church of the East from 485 to 496. His tenure was marked by internal christological and ecclesiological disputes. He struggled to prevent the Church of the East from aligning itself with the 'Nestorian' doctrine espoused by the metropolitan Barsauma of Nisibis. He is included in the traditional list of patriarchs of the Church of the East.
2022 BMW Open – Singles
Holger Rune defeated Botic van de Zandschulp in the final by retirement, 3–4 to win the singles tennis title at the 2022 Bavarian International Tennis Championships. It was Rune's first ATP Tour title, making him the third-youngest Munich champion in the Open Era and the first Dane to win an ATP Tour title since Kenneth Carlsen at 2005 Memphis. Van de Zandschulp was also contesting for his first title in his first tour final.

Nikoloz Basilashvili was the defending champion, but lost in the quarterfinals to Miomir Kecmanović.

Norbert Gombos
Norbert Gombos (Slovak pronunciation: [ˈnɔrberd ˈɡɔmbɔʂ], Hungarian: Gombos Norbert; born 13 August 1990, occasionally spelled Norbert Gomboš) is a Slovakian professional tennis player competing primarily on the ATP Challenger Tour. He achieved a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 80 on 2 October 2017. He is currently the No. 3 Slovak tennis player in singles.
1910 West Virginia Mountaineers football team
The 1910 West Virginia Mountaineers football team was an American football team that represented West Virginia University as an independent during the 1910 college football season. In its third season under head coach Charles Augustus Lueder, the team compiled a 2–4–1 record and was outscored by a total of 95 to 20. Rudolph Munk was the team captain. Munk was fatally injured in the November 12 game against Bethany College.

1910 college football season
The 1910 college football season had no clear-cut champion, with the Official NCAA Division I Football Records Book listing Harvard and Pittsburgh as having been retrospectively selected national champions, by four "major selectors" in about 1927, 1947, 1980 and 2003. Harvard claims a national championship for the 1910 season. Auburn also claims a national title based on a selection in Richard Billingsley's unrevised original math system.