hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tadres Reserve
The Tadrès Total Reserve (T'adéras/Tadress) (Réserve totale de Faune du Tadrès) is a nature reserve in the central north of Niger, southwest the city of Agadez. It is a Total Faunal Reserve IUCN category IV, covering some 788,928 hectares within the Agadez Region. The reserve follows the northeast - southwest flow of the Tadrès valley, a wadi (Hausa: kori) or seasonal wash and ancient river bed south of the Aïr Mountains. It was originally dedicated to the protection of oryx populations which have largely disappeared from the region. In the 1940s, the valley was an important migration route for the animals from the Tenere desert to the Adar in the south of the country. It remains a transhumance route for domesticated cattle and camels, as well as wild dorcas and dama (Hausa: ménas) gazelles.

Dorcas gazelle
The dorcas gazelle (Gazella dorcas), also known as the ariel gazelle, is a small and common gazelle. The dorcas gazelle stands about 55–65 cm (1.8–2.1 feet) at the shoulder, with a head and body length of 90–110 cm (3–3.5 feet) and a weight of 15–20 kg (33–44 pounds). The numerous subspecies survive on vegetation in grassland, steppe, wadis, mountain desert and in semidesert climates of Africa and Arabia. About 35,000–40,000 exist in the wild.
Moritz Schiff
Moritz Schiff (28 January 1823, Frankfurt – 6 October 1896, Geneva) was a German physiologist and the elder brother of the chemist Hugo Schiff (1834-1915), particularly known for his staining technique.

He made major contributions to human physiology, including studies of the circulatory system and the action of the vagus nerve.

Unfortunately despite his independent and original spirit and being a much-cited author, he never reached the popularity of his contemporaries Emil du Bois-Reymond, Hermann von Helmholtz and Charles-Édouard Brown-Séquard.

Chloroform
Chloroform, or trichloromethane (often abbreviated as TCM), is an organochloride with the formula CHCl3 and a common solvent. It is a volatile, colorless, sweet-smelling, dense liquid produced on a large scale as a precursor to refrigerants and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Chloroform was once used as an inhalational anesthetic between the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century. It is miscible with many solvents but it is only very slightly soluble in water (only 8 g/L at 20°C).
USS S-48
USS S-48 (SS-159) was the first submarine in the fourth group of S-class submarines of the United States Navy.

S-48 was one of only five submarines—along with USS S-14 (SS-119), USS S-15 (SS-120), USS S-16 (SS-121). and USS S-17 (SS-122)—built by the Lake Torpedo Boat Company to see service in World War II. She was the second-to-last of them to be decommissioned.

Kittery, Maine
Kittery is a town in York County, Maine, United States, and the oldest incorporated town in Maine. Home to the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard on Seavey's Island, Kittery includes Badger's Island, the seaside district of Kittery Point, the village of Kittery, and part of the Isles of Shoals. The southernmost town in the state, it is a tourist destination known for its many outlet stores.

Kittery is part of the Portland-South Portland-Biddeford metropolitan area. The town's population was 10,070 at the 2020 census.
Beverly Hills High School
Beverly Hills High School (shortly as BHHS or Beverly) is a public high school in Beverly Hills, California. The other public high school in Beverly Hills is Moreno High School, a small alternative school located on Beverly Hills High School's campus.

Beverly Hills High School is part of the Beverly Hills Unified School District and located on 19.5 acres (7.9 ha) on the west side of Beverly Hills, at the border of the Century City area of Los Angeles. The land was previously part of the Beverly Hills Speedway board track, which was torn down in 1924. Beverly, which serves all of Beverly Hills, was founded in 1927. The original buildings were designed by Robert D. Farquhar in the French Normandy style. The school previously received income from its on-campus oil tower.

Alternative school
An alternative school is an educational establishment with a curriculum and methods that are nontraditional. Such schools offer a wide range of philosophies and teaching methods; some have political, scholarly, or philosophical orientations, while others are more ad hoc assemblies of teachers and students dissatisfied with some aspect of mainstream or traditional education.

Some schools are based on pedagogical approaches differing from that of the mainstream pedagogy employed in a culture, while other schools are for gifted students, children with special needs, children who have fallen off the track educationally or expelled from their base school, children who wish to explore unstructured or less rigid systems of learning, etc.
Shrewsbury Prison
HM Prison Shrewsbury was a category B/C men's prison in Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England. It was decommissioned in March 2013, and is now open to the public.

The Victorian prison as seen today sits on top of the original Georgian prison, the remains of which are still accessible underneath the current buildings. The former prison site, on Howard Street, adjacent to Shrewsbury railway station, is near the site of the Dana Gaol, a medieval prison. The name The Dana is still often used for the prison, as well as being the name of the road to one side of the prison and the pedestrian route that runs from near the front of the prison into the town centre via a footbridge over the station.

Shropshire Council
Shropshire Council, known between 1980 and 2009 as Shropshire County Council and prior to 1980 as Salop County Council, is the local authority for the non-metropolitan county of Shropshire in the West Midlands region of England. Since 2009 it has been a unitary authority, being a county council which also performs the functions of a district council. The non-metropolitan county is smaller than the ceremonial county of Shropshire, which additionally includes Telford and Wrekin.

The council is based at the Guildhall in the Frankwell area of Shrewsbury. At the 2025 election, the Liberal Democrats took control of the council.
Andreas Schager
Andreas Schager is an Austrian operatic tenor. He began his career as a tenor for operettas, but has developed into singing Heldentenor parts by Richard Wagner including Tristan, Siegmund, Siegfried and Parsifal. A member of the Staatsoper Berlin, he has appeared internationally at venues including La Scala, The Proms and the Bayreuth Festival.

Heldentenor
A heldentenor (German: [ˈhɛl.dn̩.teˌnoːɐ̯] ⓘ; English: heroic tenor), earlier called tenorbariton, is an operatic tenor voice, most often associated with Wagnerian repertoire.

It is distinct from other tenor fächer by its endurance, volume, and dark timbre, which may be, in its middle register, like that of a baritone. The voice may also sound clear or metallic. It is one of the rarest voice types in opera. Heldentenor roles, such as the title roles in Siegfried and Lohengrin, often require commanding stage presence and strong acting ability. In some cases, due to reasons such as voice misidentification, singers may begin their careers as baritones before later transitioning. The term heldentenor may be used to refer to both a singer and their voice.

The treble counterpart of the heldentenor is the Wagnerian soprano.
Stomatepia mongo
Stomatepia mongo, the mongo, is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Barombi Mbo in western Cameroon.  It can reach a length of 17.3 centimetres (6.8 in) SL. This species is seriously threatened by pollution and sedimentation due to human activities. It is potentially also threatened by large emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the lake's bottom (compare Lake Nyos), although  studies indicate that Barombo Mbo lacks excess amounts of this gas. Even compared to other cichlids that are endemic Lake Barombi Mbo, Stomatepia mongo is a very rare species.

Very little is known about its behavior, but it has been seen swimming near the bottom, apparently looking for small prey items in the detritus or sand. It sometimes occurs in small groups.

Siltation
Siltation is water pollution caused by particulate terrestrial clastic material, with a particle size dominated by silt or clay. It refers both to the increased concentration of suspended sediments and to the increased accumulation (temporary or permanent) of fine sediments on bottoms where they are undesirable. Siltation is most often caused by soil erosion or sediment spill.

It is sometimes referred to by the ambiguous term "sediment pollution", which can also refer to a chemical contamination of sediments accumulated on the bottom, or to pollutants bound to sediment particles. Although "siltation" is not perfectly stringent, since it also includes particle sizes other than silt, it is preferred for its lack of ambiguity.
Meenakshi Thiruvilayadal
Meenakshi Thiruvilaiyadal (transl. Divine games of Meenakshi) is a 1989 Indian Tamil-language Hindu mythological film directed by K. Shankar and produced by N. S. Murty. The film stars Vijayakanth and Radha, with M. N. Nambiar and Sirkazhi G. Sivachidambaram in supporting roles. It was released on 1 December 1989.

K. Shankar
Kannan Shankar (17 March 1926 - 5 March 2006) was an Indian film editor, screenwriter and director. He directed more than 80 films in South Indian languages including Tamil, Malayalam, Telugu and Kannada as well as in Hindi.
2003 Betta Electrical Sandown 500
The 2003 Betta Electrical Sandown 500 was an endurance race for V8 Supercars. The event was staged at the Sandown International Raceway near Melbourne in Victoria, Australia on 14 September 2003 as Round 9 of the 2003 V8 Supercar Championship Series. The programmed race distance was 161 laps of the 3.1 km circuit (499 km) however the race was declared at 141 laps (437 km) due to the effects of the weather and a 19-minute delayed start due to a support category incident. It was the 36th Sandown 500 endurance race.

The race was won by Mark Skaife and Todd Kelly driving a  Holden VY Commodore.

Mark Skaife
Mark Stephen Skaife OAM (born 3 April 1967) is an Australian former racing driver. Skaife is a five-time champion of the V8 Supercar Championship Series, including its predecessor, the Australian Touring Car Championship, as well as a six-time Bathurst 1000 winner. On 29 October 2008, he announced his retirement from full-time touring car racing. Since retiring from driving, Skaife has worked as a commentator and presenter for the series for both the Seven Network and Fox Sports Australia.

He is the director of motorsport for design and engineering consultancy - IEDM, which oversaw the reconfiguration of Albert Park Circuit - for which he has been working since he retired from racing.
Brusseline
Brusseline is a custom typeface developed in 2006 by Eric de Berranger for the signage of the Brussels Intercommunal Transport Company (STIB/MIVB), managing metro, premetro, tram, and bus services. The typeface started being used on the network in 2007 as part of a company image campaign. The name is inspired by Parisine, the typeface of Paris’ public transport network.

Brussels Intercommunal Transport Company
The Brussels Intercommunal Transport Company (French: Société des Transports Intercommunaux de Bruxelles or STIB; Dutch: Maatschappij voor het Intercommunaal Vervoer te Brussel or MIVB) is the local public transport operator in Brussels, Belgium. It is usually referred to in English by the double acronym STIB/MIVB, or by its French acronym, STIB.

STIB/MIVB is responsible for the Brussels Metro, Brussels trams and Brussels buses, linking with the De Lijn network in Flanders and the TEC network in Wallonia.
Airtox–Carl Ras Junior Women
Airtox-Carl Ras Junior Women is a cycling team based in Denmark. In 2015 it was registered as a UCI Women's Team, enabling it to compete in elite road bicycle racing events such as the UCI Women's Road World Cup, but returned to the Danish national ranks from 2016.

Cycling team
A cycling team is a group of cyclists who join a team or are acquired and train together to compete in bicycle races whether amateur or professional – and the supporting personnel. Cycling teams are most important in road bicycle racing, which is a team sport, but collaboration between team members is also important in track cycling and cyclo-cross.
Mattoon Jewish Community Center
The Mattoon Jewish Community Center (MJCC) is a Reform Jewish congregation and synagogue located in Mattoon, Illinois, a city which has had a Jewish community for at least 150 years.

In 2012, National Post reported that MJCC was the smallest Reform congregation in North America, consisting of four households. The next smallest Reform congregation in North America is Temple Beth Tikvah in Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada, with five households.

As of 2025, the congregation has grown to nine households. The congregation's services are held in the Wesley United Methodist Church at 2206 4th Street in Charleston, Illinois.

Mattoon, Illinois
Mattoon (/ˈmæt.tun/ MAT-toon) is a city in Coles County, Illinois, United States. The population was 16,870 as of the 2020 census. The city is home to Lake Land College and has close ties with its neighbor, Charleston. Both are principal cities of the Charleston–Mattoon Micropolitan Statistical Area. The town is home to the "original" Burger King.
Albanian name
Albanian names are names that are used by Albanians in Albania, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, or the diaspora. In Albania, a full name usually consists of a given name (Albanian: emri); the given name of the individual's father (patronymic, Albanian: atësia), which is seldom included except in official documents; and a (most commonly patrilineal) family name or surname (Albanian: mbiemri). They are invariably given in the Western name order, with the given name being followed by the family name.

Albanian given names are traditionally originally-Albanian names or religious names (Islamic or Christian).

Patrilineality
Patrilineality, also known as the male line, the spear side or agnatic kinship, is a common kinship system in which an individual's family membership derives from and is recorded through their father's lineage. It generally involves the inheritance of property, rights, names, or titles by persons related through male kin. This is distinguished from cognate kinship which is through any combination of lineages, and from matrilineality which is through the mother's lineage, also called the spindle side, the distaff side or enatic kinship.

A patriline ("father line") is a person's father, and additional ancestors, as traced only through males.
Ungual tuft
In mammals, ungual tufts are tufts of hairs at the base of claws of the forefeet and hindfeet. Their presence has been used as a character in cladistic studies of the Cricetidae, a large family of rodents.

Cricetidae
The Cricetidae are a family of rodents in the large and complex superfamily Muroidea. It includes true hamsters, voles, lemmings, muskrats, and New World rats and mice. At over 870 species, it is either the largest or second-largest family of mammals, and has members throughout the Americas, Europe and Asia.
Martin Landray
Sir Martin Jonathan Landray (born c. 1968) is a British physician, epidemiologist and data scientist who serves as a Professor of Medicine & Epidemiology at the University of Oxford. Landray designs, conducts and analyses large-scale randomised control trials; including practice-changing international trials that have recruited over 100,000 individuals. Landray previously led the health informatics team that enabled the collection and management of data for the UK Biobank on over half a million people.

UK Biobank
UK Biobank is a long-term prospective biobank study in the United Kingdom (UK) that houses the de-identified biological samples and health-related data of half a million people. The volunteer participants aged 40–69 were recruited between 2006 and 2010 from across Great Britain and consented both to share their health data and to be followed for at least 30 years thereafter, with the aim to enable scientific discoveries into the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of disease.
South Nyack station
South Nyack was a railroad station on the Erie Railroad Northern Branch in South Nyack, New York. The station opened on May 21, 1870, and closed on December 14, 1965, when the Erie-Lackawanna Railroad, successor to the Erie, ended all service north of Sparkill. It was razed in 1970.

Erie Lackawanna Railway
The Erie Lackawanna Railway (reporting mark EL), known as the Erie Lackawanna Railroad until 1968, was formed from the 1960 merger of the Erie Railroad and the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad. The official motto of the line was "The Friendly Service Route".

Like many for-profit railroads in the northeast already financially vulnerable from the expanding U.S. Interstate Highway System (which operates at a financial loss), the line was severely weakened fiscally by the extent, duration and record flood levels due to Hurricane Agnes in 1972. It would never recover. Most of the corporation's holdings became part of Conrail in 1976, ending its sixteen years as an independent operating railroad company.
Raffi (novelist)
Hakob Melik Hakobian (Armenian: Յակոբ Մելիք Յակոբեան (classical); 1835 – 25 April 1888), better known by his pen name Raffi (Armenian: Րաֆֆի), was an Armenian author and leading figure in 19th-century Armenian literature. He is considered one of the most influential and popular modern Armenian authors. His works, especially his historical novels, played an important role in the development of modern Armenian nationalism. Ara Baliozian described him as Armenia's "greatest novelist of the 19th century."

Armenian nationalism
Armenian nationalism in the modern period has its roots in the romantic nationalism of Mikayel Chamchian (1738–1823) and generally defined as the creation of a free, independent and united Armenia formulated as the Armenian Cause (Հայ Դատ Hay Dat). Armenian national awakening developed in the 1880s in the context of the general rise of nationalism under the Ottoman Empire. The Russian Armenia followed with significant causes. The Armenian Apostolic Church has been a great defender of Armenian nationalism, with leaders like Khrimian Hayrik who devoted his life to the peasantry. The establishment of modern Armenia (1991) and Armenian social fabric becoming more complex gradually decrease the political influence of Hye Dat and shifted towards a modern Armenian nationalism modeled as a liberal nationalism.
Rafi (name)
Rafi (Arabic: رافع, romanized: rāfiʿ) is a male given name of Armenian and Arabic origin. It is one of the names of Allah, stemming from the Arabic verb rafaʿa (رَفَعَ), meaning "to lift, to raise (something high)". It is distinct from another male name, Rafi (Arabic: رفيع, romanized: rafīʿ, meaning "exalted/grand/high"). Other common transcriptions include "Rafee", "Rafie", "Rafay" and "Raffy".

Raffi (Armenian: Րաֆֆի or Ռաֆֆի) is also an Armenian given name. It was popularized by the 19th-century author Hakob Melik Hakobian, who adopted it as his pen name.

Rafi (Hebrew: רפי) is also a given name and a common nickname amongst Jews for people named Rafael.

Hypocorism
A hypocorism (/haɪˈpɒkərɪzəm/ hy-POK-ər-iz-əm or /ˌhaɪpəˈkɒrɪzəm/ HY-pə-KORR-iz-əm; from Ancient Greek ὑποκόρισμα hypokórisma; sometimes also hypocoristic), or pet name, is a name used to show affection for a person. It may be a diminutive form of a person's name, such as Izzy for Isabel or Bob for Robert, or it may be unrelated.
Happy Wake Up!
"Happy Wake Up!" is the seventh single by Japanese recording artist Arisa Mizuki. It was released on October 3, 1994 as the lead single from Mizuki's third studio album Arisa III: Look. The title track was written and produced by Tetsuya Komuro. "Happy Wake Up!" is Mizuki's second single produced by Komuro. The song was written at Mizuki's request for an upbeat track to sing in concert. It was used in commercials for Knorr Cup Soup by Ajinomoto, starring Mizuki herself. The B-side, "Close to You," was also written and produced by Komuro.

Ajinomoto
Ajinomoto Co., Inc. (味の素株式会社, Ajinomoto kabushiki gaisha; Japanese pronunciation: [a.(d)ʑi.noꜜ.mo.to]) is a Japanese multinational food and biotechnology corporation which produces seasonings, cooking oils, frozen foods, beverages, sweeteners, amino acids, insulating films, and pharmaceuticals. Aji-No-Moto (味の素, "essence of taste") is the trade name for the company's original monosodium glutamate (MSG) product, the first of its kind, since 1909. The corporation's head office is located in Chūō, Tokyo. As of 2024, Ajinomoto operates in 31 countries worldwide and employs an estimated 34,862 people. Its yearly revenue in 2024 is around ¥1.53 trillion JPY or $10.61 billion USD.
Aenne Michalsky
Aenne Michalsky (19 July 1908 in Prague – 7 November 1986 in Vienna) – who was also given 1901 as year of birth – was an Austrian operatic soprano, who was engaged at the Vienna State Opera from 1924 to 1955 and who sang at the Salzburg Festival from 1928 to 1941.

Vienna Philharmonic
Vienna Philharmonic (VPO; German: Wiener Philharmoniker) is an orchestra that was founded in 1842 and has been considered to be one of the finest in the world.

The Vienna Philharmonic is based at the Musikverein in Vienna, Austria. Its members are selected from the orchestra of the Vienna State Opera. Selection involves a lengthy process, with each musician demonstrating their capability for a minimum of three years' performance for the opera and ballet. After this probationary period, the musician may request an application for a position in the orchestra from the Vienna Philharmonic's board. The Vienna Philharmonic hires no musician over 35 years of age, and has a mandatory retirement age of 65; 30 years of service are required for full pension.
Phu Phong Glass Joint Stock Company
Phu Phong Glass Joint Stock Company (CTCP Sản xuất Thương mại Dịch vụ Phú Phong) is a company based in the outskirts of Ho Chi Minh City that makes architectural glass and float glass for use in furniture and construction materials.  Phu Phong's main offices are in Ho Chi Minh City.  Its stock is listed at the Hanoi Securities Trading Center, symbol is PPG.

Architectural glass
Architectural glass is glass that is used as a building material. It is most typically used as transparent glazing material in the building envelope, including windows in the external walls. Glass is also used for internal partitions and as an architectural feature. When used in buildings, glass is often of a safety type, which include reinforced, toughened and laminated glasses.
Wanham, Alberta
Wanham (/ˈwɑːnəm/) is a hamlet in northern Alberta, Canada within Birch Hills County. It is located 29 km (18 mi) east of Rycroft along Highway 49 and approximately 106 km (66 mi) north of Grande Prairie, in the farmlands of Peace River Country. Saddle River, a tributary of Peace River, flows immediately north of the community. The origin of the name Wanham could have come from Wanham in England.

The local economy is based on agriculture and ranching, the settlement being an agricultural service centre for the surrounding farms. A wood products plant, Newpro, was previously the largest employer in the settlement. It was announced it was closing in January 2006.

Rycroft, Alberta
Rycroft is a village in northern Alberta, Canada. It is approximately 68 km (42 mi) north of Grande Prairie and 7 km (4.3 mi) east of Spirit River. Dunvegan Provincial Park is located 20 km north of the community.

The post office was originally known as Spirit River.  The name was changed to Roycroft in 1920 to honour R.H. Roycroft, a prominent local citizen, and was altered to Rycroft in 1933.