hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Giridih railway station
Giridih railway station, station code GRD, is the main railway station serving the city of Giridih, the headquarters of Giridih district in the Indian state of Jharkhand. Giridih station also serves as a gateway for the Jain pilgrims visiting Parasnath. Giridih is located at 24°11′N 86°18′E﻿ / ﻿24.18°N 86.3°E﻿ / 24.18; 86.3. It has an elevation of 289 metres (948 ft).

Giridih station is a terminal station located on the western end of Madhupur–Giridih line of the Asansol railway division in the Eastern Railway zone of Indian Railways. The Madhupur–Giridih route is a single-line broad-gauge between the two main railway stations Giridih and Madhupur Junction. The total length of the route is 38 kilometres (24 mi). It has a single platform and handles a total of 10 trains daily.

Giridih district
Giridih district is one of the twenty-four districts of Jharkhand state, India, and Giridih is the administrative headquarters of this district. As of 2011 it is the third most populous district of Jharkhand (out of 24), after Ranchi and Dhanbad.
Archibald Beaton Gillis
Archibald Beaton Gillis (January 28, 1864 – January 18, 1940) was a farmer and political figure in Saskatchewan, Canada. He represented Whitewood in the Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories from 1894 to 1904 as a Liberal-Conservative, and Whitewood (and then Pipestone) in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan from 1905 to 1912 as a Provincial Rights (Conservative) member. Gillis sat for Saskatchewan division in the Senate of Canada from 1921 to 1940.

North-West Territories Liberal-Conservative Party
The North-West Territories Liberal-Conservative Party also known formally as the Liberal-Conservative Association prior to 1903 and the Territorial Conservative Association after 1903, was a short lived political party in the Northwest Territories, Canada. The party was active between 1897 and 1905.  It was a branch of the federal Conservative Party of Canada.
Paul Sutcliffe
Paul Michael Sutcliffe is British mathematical physicist and mathematician, currently Professor of Theoretical Physics at the University of Durham. He specialises in the study of topological solitons.

He serves as the Project Director of the SPOCK (Scientific Properties of Complex Knots) research programme dedicated to the study of knotted structures.   Related subjects of research include skyrmions.

Sutcliffe was awarded the LMS Whitehead Prize in 2006 for contributions to the study of topological solitons and their dynamics.

Physical Review Letters
Physical Review Letters (PRL), established in 1958, is a peer-reviewed, scientific journal that is published 52 times per year by the American Physical Society. The journal is considered one of the most prestigious in the field of physics. Over a quarter of Physics Nobel Prize-winning papers between 1995 and 2017 were published in it.

PRL is published both online and as a print journal. Its focus is on short articles ("letters") for a broad readership. The Lead Editor (main science advisor) is Rafael Fernandes. The Chief Editor (responsible for the journal content), is Robert Garisto.
Charles Thom
Charles Thom (November 11, 1872 – May 24, 1956) was an American microbiologist and mycologist. Born and raised in Illinois, he received his PhD from the University of Missouri, the first such degree awarded by that institution. He studied the microbiology of dairy products and soil fungi, and in particular researched the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium. His work influenced the establishment of standards for food handling and processing in the USA. He pioneered the use of culture media to grow microorganisms, and, with food chemist James N. Currie, developed a process to mass-produce citric acid using Aspergillus. Thom played an important role in the development of penicillin in World War II.

Mycology
Mycology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of fungi, including their taxonomy, genetics, biochemical properties, and use by humans. Fungi can be a source of tinder, food, traditional medicine, as well as entheogens, poison, and infection. Yeasts are among the most heavily utilized members of the fungus kingdom, particularly in food manufacturing.

Mycology branches into the field of phytopathology, the study of plant diseases. The two disciplines are closely related, because the vast majority of plant pathogens are fungi. A biologist specializing in mycology is called a mycologist.
Ningguo Road station
Ningguo Road (simplified Chinese: 宁国路; traditional Chinese: 寧國路; pinyin: Níngguó Lù) is a Shanghai Metro station located on Line 12 in Yangpu District, Shanghai. Located at the intersection of Changyang Road and Ningguo Road, the station opened on 29 December 2013, as part of an initial fifteen station-long segment of Line 12 between Tiantong Road and Jinhai Road stations.

Shanghai Metro
The Shanghai Metro (Chinese: 上海地铁; pinyin: Shànghǎi Dìtiě; Shanghainese: Zaon6he5 Di6thiq7) is a rapid transit system in Shanghai, operating urban and suburban transit services to 14 of its 16 municipal districts and to the neighboring township of Huaqiao, in Kunshan, Jiangsu Province.

Forming the vast majority of the broader, multi-operator Shanghai rail transit network, the Shanghai Metro system is the world's second longest metro system by route length, totaling 808 kilometres (502 mi) and the second largest system by number of stations, with 506 stations across 19 lines (408, if stations connected by transfers are counted as single stations). It also ranks first in the world by annual ridership, with 3.88 billion rides delivered in 2019. The last daily ridership record was set on 9 March 2024, at 13.39 million rides. Ridership routinely stands at over 10 million on an average workday, accounting for 73% of trips on public transport in the city.
Sir Humphrey Monoux, 2nd Baronet
Sir Humphrey Monoux, 2nd Baronet (1640 – 31 July 1685) was an English politician and peer. He sat as MP for Bedfordshire in March 1679, October 1679, and 1681.

He was baptised on 10 December 1640. He was the second but eldest surviving son of Sir Humphrey Monoux, 1st Baronet and Mary, the daughter of Sir Thomas Wodehouse, 2nd Baronet. He married Alice, the daughter of Sir Thomas Cotton, 2nd Baronet of Connington on 10 July 1666 and they had three sons and three daughters.

He succeeded his father as baronet in February 1676. He died on 31 July 1685 and was buried at Wootton, Bedfordshire. His son, Philip Monoux succeeded him as third baronet.

Bedfordshire (UK Parliament constituency)
Bedfordshire was a United Kingdom Parliamentary constituency, which elected two Members of Parliament to the House of Commons of England from 1295 until 1707, then the House of Commons of Great Britain until 1801 and the House of Commons of the United Kingdom until 1885 when it was divided into two constituencies under the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885.
2023 Kemerovo Oblast Legislative Assembly election
The 2023 Legislative Assembly of Kemerovo Oblast election took place on 8–10 September 2023, on common election day, coinciding with 2023 Kemerovo Oblast gubernatorial election. All 46 seats in the Legislative Assembly were up for reelection.

Kemerovo Oblast
Kemerovo Oblast (Russian: Ке́меровская о́бласть, romanized: Kemerovskaya oblastʹ, Russian pronunciation: [ˈkʲemʲɪrəfskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]), also known as Kuzbass (Russian: Кузба́сс, Russian pronunciation: [kʊzˈbas]), after the Kuznetsk Basin, is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Kemerovo is the administrative center and largest city of the oblast. Kemerovo Oblast is one of Russia's most urbanized regions, with over 70% of the population living in its nine principal cities. Its ethnic composition is predominantly Russian, but native Shors and Kalmak Siberian Tatars also live in the oblast, along with Ukrainians, Volga Tatars, and Chuvash. The population recorded during the 2021 Census was 2,600,923.
Al-Taybah al-Gharbiyah
Al-Taybah al-Gharbiyah (Arabic: الطيبة الغربية, also spelled Teiba or Tayibeh al-Gharbiyeh) is a town in central Syria, administratively part of the Homs Governorate, northwest of Homs. Nearby localities include al-Shinyah to the southwest, al-Qabu to the south, Sharqliyya to the southeast, Taldou to the east, Kafr Laha and Tell Dahab to the northeast, Qarmas and Aqrab to the north, Qasraya to the northwest and Khunayzir to the west. According to the Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), al-Taybah al-Gharbiyah had a population of 4,086 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants today are predominantly Sunni Muslims.

Qasraya
Qasraya (Arabic: قصرايا)  is a Syrian village located in Awj Nahiyah in Masyaf District, Hama.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Qasraya had a population of 982 in the 2004 census.
Erasmus Vitellius
Erasmus Vitellius (c 1470–1522) was a 16th-century Roman Catholic Bishop of Płock in Poland, who then served the prince Alexander as a diplomat.

Born in 1470 at Kraków to humble parents. His education was patronized by Ciolek de Vitellio, whose name he assumed.
In 1504, he was appointed bishop of Płock by Alexander Jagiellon, King of Poland (1501-1506). At the lord's disposition he twice was sent to Rome to speak to Pope Julius II. In 1518 he was sent by King Sigismund I to the Diet of Augsburg to solicit aid against the Ottoman Turks, and subsequently to Rome to seek the mediation of Pope Leo X regarding the conflict between Poland and the Teutonic knights. The negotiations proved very dilatory and treaties were not signed until after Vitellius died.

His correspondence was collected in the Acta Regalia by Stanislaus Gorski, and his biography was written in the work on Polish literature (Kraków, 1819) by Count Ossolinski, a prefect of the Imperial Library of Vienna.

Alexander Jagiellon
Alexander Jagiellon (Polish: Aleksander Jagiellończyk; Lithuanian: Aleksandras Jogailaitis; 5 August 1461 – 19 August 1506) was Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1492 and King of Poland from 1501 until his death in 1506. He was the fourth son of Casimir IV and a member of the Jagiellonian dynasty. Alexander was elected grand duke of Lithuania upon the death of his father and became king of Poland upon the death of his elder brother John I Albert.
Alliance Rail Holdings
Alliance Rail Holdings was a railway company developing plans to operate passenger trains in the United Kingdom through its subsidiaries Great North Western Railway Company Limited (GNWR) and Grand Southern Railway (GSR). Despite various proposals, the company did not run any passenger services.

Alliance had undertaken detailed timetabling and economic work to support its applications to the Office of Rail & Road (ORR). Alliance was headed by Richard McClean who is also managing director of Grand Central. A new development team was announced on 12 August 2010. The venture was wholly owned by Arriva. On 23 February 2023, the company was legally dissolved.

Nuneaton railway station
Nuneaton railway station serves the market town of Nuneaton, in Warwickshire, England; it is managed by West Midlands Trains. The station is served by three railway lines: the Trent Valley section of the West Coast Main Line (WCML), the Birmingham-Leicester-Peterborough line and the Coventry to Nuneaton branch line. During the period 1924–1969, it was known as Nuneaton Trent Valley, to distinguish it from the now closed Nuneaton Abbey Street station; many local people still refer to it as Trent Valley. The station lies on the north-eastern edge of Nuneaton town centre, just outside the ring road.
38th British Academy Film Awards
he 38th British Academy Film Awards, more commonly known as the BAFTAs, took place on 5 March 1985 at the Grosvenor House Hotel in London, honouring the best national and foreign films of 1984. Presented by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts, accolades were handed out for the best feature-length film and documentaries of any nationality that were screened at British cinemas in 1984.

The evening's big winner was the British-made The Killing Fields, which had 13 nominations and won 8 of them.

Grosvenor House Hotel
51°30′35″N 0°09′20″W﻿ / ﻿51.5098°N 0.1555°W﻿ / 51.5098; -0.1555

JW Marriott Grosvenor House London, formerly the Grosvenor House Hotel, is a luxury hotel that opened in 1929 in the Mayfair area of London, England. Facing Hyde Park, the hotel was built on the site of the former 19th century aristocratic Grosvenor House residence. The hotel is managed by JW Marriott Hotels, which is a brand of Marriott International, and it is owned by Katara Hospitality.
VE9EC
VE9EC was a Canadian experimental television station, based in Montreal, Quebec. It broadcast between October 9, 1931, and 1935, showing neon red pictures. It was owned by La Presse and CKAC radio station. VE9EC was a mechanical television broadcast of 60 to 150 lines of resolution at 41 MHz. VE9EC broadcast musical programmes and a radio play, La paix chez soi, starring Henri Letondal, until 1933. Other broadcasting experiments with mechanical television took place, in particular by the Montreal department store Eaton's, also in 1933.

Television lines
Television lines (TVL) is a specification of an analog camera or monitor's horizontal image resolution. The TVL is one of the most important resolution measures in a video system. The TVL can be measured with the standard EIA 1956 resolution chart.
Alu Ancient Cave
The Alu Ancient Cave (simplified Chinese: 阿庐古洞; traditional Chinese: 阿廬古洞), also named Luyuan Cave, is a karst cave group located in Luxi County, more than 160 kilometers from Kunming. Referred to as the "First Cave of Yunnan", it contains three caves and one river, namely Luyuan Cave, Yuzhu Cave, Biyu Cave and Yushu River.

Alu Ancient Cave is one of the AAAA Tourist Attractions of China, the Ming Dynasty geographer Xu Xiake  twice entered the Cave for inspection, and wrote it into the Xu Xiake's Travels.

Solutional cave
A solutional cave, solution cave, or karst cave is usually formed in a soluble rock like limestone, of which calcium carbonate (CaCO3) composes. Being the most common type of cave, it can also form in other rocks, including chalk, dolomite, marble, salt beds, and gypsum.
David Cass
David Cass (January 19, 1937 – April 15, 2008) was a professor of economics at the University of Pennsylvania, mostly known for his contributions to general equilibrium theory. His most famous work was on the Ramsey–Cass–Koopmans model of economic growth.

Overlapping generations model
The overlapping generations (OLG) model is one of the dominating frameworks of analysis in the study of macroeconomic dynamics and economic growth. In contrast to the Ramsey–Cass–Koopmans neoclassical growth model in which individuals are infinitely-lived, in the OLG model individuals live a finite length of time, long enough to overlap with at least one period of another agent's life.

The OLG model is the natural framework for the study of: (a) the life-cycle behavior (investment in human capital, work and saving for retirement), (b) the implications of the allocation of resources across the generations, such as Social Security, on the income per capita in the long-run, (c) the determinants of economic growth in the course of human history, and (d) the factors that triggered the fertility transition.
Wisconsin's 18th Assembly district
The 18th Assembly district of Wisconsin is one of 99 districts in the Wisconsin State Assembly.  Located in southeast Wisconsin, the district is contained within central Milwaukee County, including parts of near-west Milwaukee and southeast Wauwatosa.  It contains the Milwaukee neighborhoods Washington Heights and Sherman Park and includes landmarks such as the Miller Brewing Company and Washington Park.  The district is represented by Democrat Margaret Arney, since January 2025.

The 18th Assembly district is located within Wisconsin's 6th Senate district, along with the 16th and 17th Assembly districts.

Miller Brewing Company

Sherman Park

Neighborhoods of Milwaukee
The neighborhoods of Milwaukee are mostly unofficial designations of parts of Wisconsin's largest city. There is no consensus definition of which parts of the city fall into which neighborhoods.

In 1990, the Neighborhood Identification Project set boundaries and names for 75 areas of the city. Prior to that, neighborhood names were not official and many areas had no names, official or otherwise.
Sonata for Two Pianos (Stravinsky)
Sonata for Two Pianos is a composition by Russian composer Igor Stravinsky, premiered in 1944 by Richard Johnston and Nadia Boulanger. First conceived as a solo work, Stravinsky needed to write it for four hands to voice all four melodic lines clearly. It is considered one of Stravinsky's most important compositions for two solo pianos, together with Concerto for Two Pianos.

Piano four hands
Piano four hands (French: À quatre mains, German: Zu vier Händen, Vierhändig, Italian: a quattro mani) is a type of piano duet in which the two players play a piece arranged for four hands on the same piano simultaneously.  A duet with the two players playing separate pianos is generally referred to simply as a piano duet or piano duo.

Music written for piano four hands is usually printed so that left-hand pages contain only the part for the pianist sitting on the left, while right-hand pages contain only the part for the pianist sitting on the right. The upper part (right) is called primo while the lower part (left) is called secondo.
Tumbuka Heritage Association
The Tumbuka Heritage Association  or simply Tumbuka Heritage (abbreviated as TUHERI) is a cultural organisation that was established in Malawi to preserve, promote and document the history, traditions and cultural expressions of the Tumbuka people in Malawi, Zambia, Tanzania and neighbouring countries. The organization is supported by the government of Malawi.

The organization also partially maintains different annual cultural festivals such as Gonapamhanya (Malawi), Kulonga and Vinkhakanimba (Zambia) all of which are supported by governments of their countries.

Chikulamayembe dynasty
The Chikulamayembe are a dynasty of kings established among the Tumbuka people in the Nkhamanga-Henga area of Northern Malawi. The Chikulamayembe originally ruled from around 1805, becoming weaker from the 1830s and losing power by the 1870s and their dynasty was re-established in 1907.
En resa i Finland
En resa i Finland (A journey in Finland) is a book by Zacharias Topelius published in twelve volumes between 1872 and 1874, which describes Finland, its people and places. The work is illustrated with 36 steel engravings.

The motifs are primarily from the coastal regions of southern Finland as well as Tavastia, Karelia and Savonia. The intention was to publish additional booklets about the more northern parts of the country, but due to a low number of subscribers and unprofitability, no more series were published.

The Finnish translation by Julius Krohn was published at the same time under the title Matkustus Suomesa. The translations into German were published in 1874 and Russian in 1875.

The booklets were republished by the Society of Swedish Literature in Finland in 2013. Topelius's similar historical-geographical works include Finland framstäldt i teckningar (Finland presented in drawings, 1845–1852) and Boken om vårt land (The book about our country, 1875).

Julius Krohn
Julius Leopold Fredrik Krohn (19 April 1835 – 28 August 1888) was a Finnish folk poetry researcher, professor of Finnish literature, poet, hymn writer, translator and journalist. He was born in Viipuri and was of Baltic German origin. Krohn worked as a lecturer on Finnish language in Helsinki University from the year 1875 and as a supernumerary  professor from 1885. He was one of the most notable researchers into Finnish folk poetry in the 19th century. His native language was German.
20,000 Cheers for the Chain Gang
20,000 Cheers for the Chain Gang is an extant musical comedy film released in April 1933. The Vitaphone short was directed by Roy Mack. The 19-minute film is about escaped prisoners trying to break back into a jail where condition have improved dramatically. The film was written by A. Dorian Otvos and Cyrus Wood. It is a spoof of the 1932 film I Am a Fugitive from a Chain Gang. and 20,000 Years in Sing Sing.

Songs include "Only Thirty Years More", "Sippin' on a Soda Pop", "Good Morning to You" and "Sing Sing Serenade", all by Cliff Hess; and "Darkness in the Delta" by Marty Symes, Al J. Neiburg and Jerry Livingston.

Cliff Hess
Clifford Hess, better known as Cliff Hess, (June 19, 1894 – June 8, 1959) was an American songwriter, composer, lyricist, and pianist. He began his career as pianist while a young teenager working on passenger riverboats on the Mississippi River. He met Irving Berlin while working in the Chicago branch of the music publisher Waterson, Berlin & Snyder, Inc. By 1911 he was working as Berlin's secretary, and appeared on Broadway that year with Berlin as his accompanist in performances of his songs. He served as Berlin's secretary until 1918 and was largely responsible for not only notating Berlin's songs into sheet music, but also editing his works into playable keys and simplifying works to make them accessible for commercial sale. After leaving Berlin, he became a successful songwriter in his own right with many tunes being recorded for Victor Records and Columbia Records. He also wrote songs for films during the 1930s and some of his tunes were interpolated into musicals.
Silambu Express
The Silambu Super fast Express (20681/20682) is a train that runs between Chennai Egmore and Sengottai via Karaikkudi Junction. Initially it ran up to Manamadurai, later it was extended up to Sengottai. It was the only train in Indian Railways where LHB rakes were replaced by ICF coaches again. According to IR if a train gets new LHB coaches it won't be converted to ICF. But this train was again replaced with ICF coaches after getting new LHB rakes.

ICF coach
The Integral Coach Factory (ICF) coach is a conventional passenger rail coach developed and manufactured by the Indian state owned Integral Coach Factory in Chennai. First manufactured in 1955, it was extensively used by the Indian Railways till the late 1990s. When the production ceased in 2018, more than 54,000 coaches had been produced including exports to other countries.
Wheelock House
Wheelock House (Chinese: 會德豐大廈) is a commercial office building located on Pedder Street in Central, Hong Kong. Wheelock House is a Class A office space completed in 1984 and has 24 storeys. One of its architects was Wong & Ouyang (HK) Ltd while the real estate developer was Cheung Kong Holdings.

Wong & Ouyang
Wong & Ouyang (HK) Ltd. (Chinese: 王歐陽（香港）有限公司) is an architectural and engineering practice based in Hong Kong, with branch offices in Shanghai and Guangzhou.

Its head office is in Taikoo Place, Quarry Bay, and it maintains an office in Shanghai.
Warren County Schools
Warren County Public Schools, or Warren County Schools is a school district headquartered in Warrenton, North Carolina.

Dr. Ray Spain served as superintendent from circa 2003 until 2019, when he retired.
In July 2019 Dr. Mary Young became the superintendent with all members of the school board voting for her. She resigned in March 2021. In May Keith Sutton became the interim superintendent.

Warrenton, North Carolina
Warrenton is a town in and the county seat of Warren County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 862 at the 2020 census. Warrenton, now served by U.S. routes 158 and 401, was founded in 1779. It became one of the wealthiest towns in the state from 1840 to 1860, being a trading center of an area of rich tobacco and cotton plantations. It has a large stock of historic architecture buildings. More than 90 percent of its buildings are listed in the National Register of Historic Places and its National Historic District encompasses nearly half its area.