hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kaliningrad Special Region
Kaliningrad Special Region (Russian: Калининградский особый район) (also known as the Kaliningrad Defensive Area (Russian: Калининградский оборонительный район; Russian: КОР) was a military district of the Russian Armed Forces from 1997 to 2010. It was tasked with the defense of the Kaliningrad Oblast and protection of national interests in the southern Baltic. The area of the KDA was unique in Russia, as separate branches of the armed forces existed under a single command. In recent years, the Kaliningrad Special Region played an important role in countering the U.S. missile defense system in Europe. On September 1, 2010, the district was merged with the Leningrad and Moscow military districts to create the Western Military District.

Kaliningrad is the headquarters of the Russian Baltic Fleet, and also includes the Chernyakhovsk, Donskoye, and Kaliningrad Chkalovsk air bases.

OTR-21 Tochka
OTR-21 Tochka (Russian: оперативно-тактический ракетный комплекс (ОТР) «Точка», romanized: operativno-takticheskiy raketnyy kompleks (OTR) "Tochka", lit. 'Tactical Operational Missile Complex "Point"') is a Soviet tactical ballistic missile. Its GRAU designation is 9K79. Its NATO reporting name is the SS-21 Scarab. One missile is transported per 9P129 vehicle and raised prior to launch. It uses an inertial guidance system.

The OTR-21 forward deployment to East Germany began in 1981, replacing the earlier Luna-M series of unguided artillery rockets. The system was scheduled to be decommissioned by the Russian Armed Forces in 2020 in favour of the 9K720 Iskander, but they have been observed in use against Ukrainian targets during the Russo-Ukrainian war.
EchoStar XXI
EchoStar XXI (formerly known as TerreStar 2) is a European communications satellite which is operated by Echostar Corporation. It was constructed by Space Systems/Loral, based on the SSL 1300 satellite bus, and carries S band transponders which will be used to provide 2 GHz mobile connectivity throughout Europe.

EchoStar XXI was launched at 03:45 UTC on June 8, 2017 from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. This satellite was the heaviest commercial payload flown aboard a Russian booster at the time of its launch.

Before being launched, the satellite was known as TerreStar-2, a ground spare for TerreStar Networks' satellite-terrestrial telephone network.

TerreStar Networks
TerreStar Networks, a majority owned subsidiary of TerreStar Corporation (TSTR), is a next generation, wholesale mobile communications provider launching the first integrated satellite terrestrial service with the world's first satellite-terrestrial smartphone.
1971 Tour de France, Prologue to Stage 9
The 1971 Tour de France was the 58th edition of the Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Tour began in Mulhouse with a prologue team time trial on 26 June, and Stage 9 occurred on 6 July with a mountainous stage to Saint-Étienne. The race finished in Paris on 18 July.

Nevers
Nevers (/nəˈvɛər/ nə-VAIR, French: [nəvɛʁ] ⓘ; Latin: Noviodunum, later Nevirnum and Nebirnum) is a city and the prefecture of the Nièvre department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in central France. It was the principal city of the former province of Nivernais. It is 260 km (160 mi) south-southeast of Paris.
Monde dramatique
Le Monde Dramatique was a periodical published in Paris, France, from May 1835 to September 1841. It was founded by Gérard de Nerval and Anatole Bouchardy. The short-lived magazine was "overly ambitious and poorly managed", consisting mostly of unsigned articles reviewing or commenting upon the theater. It also included some early writings of Anatole's brother Joseph Bouchardy, who would later go on to a successful career as a playwright.

Joseph Bouchardy
Joseph Bouchardy (1810–1870) was an author, playwright, engraver, and member of the Jeune France/Bouzingo and Cénacle movements. The enormous popularity of his plays earned him the nickname "The King of the Boulevard." In 1868 he was given the rank of chevalier from the Legion d'Honneur. He is the brother of Anatole Bouchardy.

According to Théophile Gautier, he died unhappily: "He had become a gaunt old man, broken, destroyed by grief, and by the sadness of authors who have experienced the intoxication of success, and whose popularity retires without being able to appreciate the reasons why it went away."
Valdina Farms salamander
The Valdina Farms salamander (Eurycea troglodytes) is a species of aquatic salamander described from Valdina Farms Sinkhole in Medina County, Texas, United States. It is sometimes referred to as the Valdina blind salamander or sinkhole salamander. As some other species of Eurycea found in Texas, it was once classified as a subspecies of the Texas salamander, Eurycea neotenes, and believed to possibly be the result of hybridization with another species of subterranean salamander, but was granted full species status in 2000. Research is ongoing, and some sources suggest the current species may actually be multiple distinct species.

Medina County, Texas
Medina County is a county located in the South central part of the U.S. state Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 50,748. Its county seat is Hondo. The county is named for the Medina River. The extreme northern part of the county lies within the Edwards Plateau, which elevates into the Texas Hill Country. The Medina Dam, the fourth-largest in the nation when completed in 1913, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.  The irrigation project, creating Medina Lake, was built by 1500 skilled workers who worked in shifts operating 24 hours a day to complete the dam in two years. Medina County is part of the San Antonio, TX metropolitan statistical area.
Foster & Kleiser
Foster & Kleiser was an American advertising company founded in 1901 that grew into the "west coast's leading billboard company". Among its notable employees was Maynard Dixon who credited his five years spent as a billboard painter at the company with helping prepare him as a muralist. Another notable employee was Maurice Del Mue. In the 1970s, many of the iconic billboards advertising new rock acts on Los Angeles' Sunset Strip were hand-painted by Foster & Kleiser artists, who worked from a "space the size of an airplane hangar".

In 1952 Foster & Kleiser was purchased by W. R. Grace and Company. Beginning in the 1980s, it would go through a number of name changes, sales, and acquisitions, becoming or being acquired by Metromedia, Patrick Media Group, Ackerley Group, and Eller Media. In 1997, Eller Media was acquired by Clear Channel Outdoor.

Maynard Dixon
Maynard Dixon (January 24, 1875 – November 11, 1946) was an American artist. He was known for his paintings, and his body of work focused on the American West. Dixon is considered one of the finest artists having dedicated most of their art to the U.S. Southwestern cultures and landscapes at the end of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century. He was often called "The Last Cowboy in San Francisco."

Through his work with the Galerie Beaux Arts, a cooperative gallery in San Francisco, Dixon played a pivotal role ensuring the West Coast supported the work of local, modern artists. He was married for a time to photographer Dorothea Lange, and later to painter Edith Hamlin.
Joan Gibson
Joan Gibson Cottrill is an Australian former tennis player of the 1960s.

Gibson, a double-handed player, comes from a tennis family, as a niece of Jack Crawford and sister of Neil Gibson.

In 1966 she reached the quarter-finals of the Australian Championships with an upset win over the third-seeded Lesley Turner. She also made the mixed doubles semi-finals that year, partnering future husband John Cottrill.

Gibson had a top national ranking of three, behind Margaret Court and Lesley Turner.

Jack Crawford (tennis)
John Herbert Crawford, OBE (22 March 1908 – 10 September 1991) was an Australian tennis player during the 1930s. He was the World No. 1 amateur for 1933, during which year he won the Australian Open, the French Open, and Wimbledon, and was runner-up at the U.S. Open in five sets, thus missing the Grand Slam by one set that year. He also won the Australian Open in 1931, 1932, and 1935. He was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 1979.
Blackie and the Rodeo Kings
Blackie and the Rodeo Kings are a Canadian folk rock–alternative country band with blues and country influences. The band was formed in 1996, in Hamilton, Ontario, by Tom Wilson, Stephen Fearing, and Colin Linden.

Alternative country
Alternative country (commonly abbreviated to alt-country; insurgent country, Americana, or y'allternative) is a loosely defined subgenre of country music that includes acts that differ significantly in style from mainstream country music, mainstream country rock, and country pop. Most frequently, the term has been used to describe certain country music bands and artists that are also defined as or have incorporated influences from genres such as alternative rock, indie rock, punk rock, heartland rock, Southern rock, progressive country, outlaw country, neotraditional country, Texas country, Red Dirt, roots rock, indie folk, folk rock, rockabilly, bluegrass, and honky tonk.
Plešivo
Plešivo (pronounced [plɛˈʃiːʋɔ]) is a settlement southwest of Dobrovo in the Municipality of Brda in the Littoral region of Slovenia on the border with Italy.

The wider area is known for viticulture because Plešivo lies in the Gorizia Hills wine region, one of Slovenia's most prominent wine-producing areas.

Slovene Littoral
Littoral

Carniola: 2a Upper, 2b Inner, 2c Lower

Carinthia

Styria

Prekmurje

The Slovene Littoral, or simply Littoral (Slovene: Primorska, pronounced [pɾiˈmóːɾska] ⓘ; Italian: Litorale; German: Küstenland), is one of the traditional regions of Slovenia. The littoral in its name – for a coastal-adjacent area – recalls the former Austrian Littoral (Avstrijsko Primorje), the Habsburg possessions on the upper Adriatic coast, of which the Slovene Littoral was part. Today, the Littoral is often associated with the Slovenian ethnic territory that, in the first half of the 20th century, found itself in Italy to the west of the Rapallo Border, which separated a quarter of Slovenes from the rest of the nation, and was strongly influenced by Italian fascism.
Scoring knife
A scoring knife or scoring tool is a handheld tool used to cut a groove in a sheet of material. The cutting edge of the knife is often made of hard material such tungsten carbide.

The scoring knife is drawn across the material in a straight line (with the help of a straightedge), creating a scratch or score in the sheet. The material can then be broken or severed along the groove, resulting in a straight and smooth cut.

Scoring knives can be used to cut various materials, including glass, tile, plexiglas, and other hard materials. For softer materials like plexiglas, a razor blade can be used as a scoring tool.

Poly(methyl methacrylate)
Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is a synthetic polymer derived from methyl methacrylate. It is a transparent thermoplastic used as an engineering plastic. PMMA is also known as acrylic and acrylic glass and by the trade names and brands Crylux, Walcast, Wanjiale, Hesalite, Plexiglas, Acrylite, Lucite, PerClax, and Perspex, among several others (see below). This plastic is often used in sheet form as a lightweight or shatter-resistant alternative to glass. It can also be used as a casting resin, in inks and coatings, and for many other purposes.

It is often technically classified as a type of glass in that it is a non-crystalline vitreous substance, hence its occasional historical designation as acrylic glass.
CheyTac Intervention
The CheyTac Intervention, also known as the CheyTac M200, is an American bolt-action sniper rifle manufactured by CheyTac USA, which can also be classified as an anti-materiel rifle. It is fed by a seven-round detachable single-stack magazine (an optional five-round magazine is also available). It is specifically chambered in either .408 Chey Tac or .375 Chey Tac ammunition. CheyTac Inc. states that the system is capable of delivering sub-MOA accuracy at ranges of up to 2,500 yd (2,286 m). It is based on the EDM Arms Windrunner.

The CheyTac M200 Intervention has an overall length of 56 inches and can be shortened to 46.75 inches with the stock collapsed. Its weight is 31 lbs without an optic, and it has a 29-inch barrel. The rifle is designed for long-range precision, with an effective range of over 2,500 yards. It is a well-known weapon for its extreme precision, despite being available for civilian use. This has come under intense scrutiny in recent years.

Sniper rifle
A sniper rifle is a high-precision, long-range rifle. Requirements include high accuracy, reliability, mobility, concealment, and optics, for anti-personnel, anti-materiel and surveillance uses by military snipers. The modern sniper rifle is a portable shoulder-fired rifle with either a bolt action or semi-automatic action, fitted with a telescopic sight for extreme accuracy and chambered for a high-ballistic performance centerfire cartridge.
Grant Horscroft
Grant Horscroft (born 30 July 1961) is an English former professional footballer who played as a central defender in the Football League for Brighton & Hove Albion.

Horscroft was born in Fletching, East Sussex, in 1961. He played non-league football for Ringmer, Lewes and Sutton United, before joining Brighton & Hove Albion for a fee of £2,500, which remained, as of 2016, the Lewes club's record transfer fee received. He made two league appearances as Albion gained promotion as 1987–88 Third Division runners-up, before returning to non-league with Lewes, where he spent time as assistant manager and caretaker manager as well as player, and Ringmer.

Caretaker manager
In association football, a caretaker manager or interim manager is somebody who takes temporary charge of the management of a football team, usually when the regular manager is dismissed or leaves for a different club. However, a caretaker manager may also be appointed if the regular manager is suspended, ill, has a suspected contagious disease (e.g. COVID-19) or is unable to attend to their usual duties. Caretaker managers are normally appointed at short notice from within the club, usually the assistant manager, a senior coach, or an experienced player.
Arroyo de Piedra
Arroyo de Piedra is a pre-Columbian Maya archaeological site in Guatemala located approximately 2-3 km east/northeast of Dos Pilas and 3 km west of Tamarindito. The site dates to the middle half of the Classic period.  While initially a center of some regional importance, with the rise of Dos Pilas, Arroyo de Piedra was subsumed as a secondary center within the Petexbatun region.

The architecture of Arroyo de Piedra is different from that of Dos Pilas and nearby Aguateca, but bears similarities to Tamarindito.  Hieroglyphic data shows that together Arroyo de Piedra and Tamarindito formed an independent polity prior to the establishment of Dos Pilas by Tikal.  It appears that Arroyo de Piedra was abandoned during the 8th century following the collapse of Dos Pilas and the disintegration of the polity centered there.

Mesoamerican chronology
Mesoamerican chronology divides the history of prehispanic Mesoamerica into several periods: the Paleo-Indian (first human habitation until 3500 BCE); the Archaic (before 2600 BCE), the Pre-classic or Formative (2500 BCE – 250 CE), the Classic (250–900 CE), and the Postclassic (900–1521 CE); as well as the post European contact Colonial Period (1521–1821), and Postcolonial, or the period after independence from Spain (1821–present).

The periodisation of Mesoamerica by researchers is based on archaeological, ethnohistorical, and modern cultural anthropology research dating to the early twentieth century. Archaeologists, ethnohistorians, historians, and cultural anthropologists continue to work to develop cultural histories of the region.
William A. Bergeron
William A. Bergeron (July 3, 1898 – February 17, 1970) was an American farmer, businessman, and politician.

Born in Stillwater, Minnesota, Bergeron was a farmer in the town of Somerset, St. Croix County, Wisconsin. He was the chairman of the board of the Mutual Service Insurance Companies. He was also involved in the insurance business and with cooperatives. Bergeron served as chairman of the Somerset Town Board. He also served on the St. Croix County Board of Supervisors and was the chairman of the county board. Bergeron served in the Wisconsin State Assembly during the 1949, 1951, 1953, and 1955 sessions and was a Republican. Bergeron died in Somerset, Wisconsin after a long illness.

Stillwater, Minnesota
Stillwater is a city in the U.S. state of Minnesota and the county seat of Washington County. It is in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan area, on the west bank of the St. Croix River, across from Houlton, Wisconsin. Stillwater's population was 19,394 at the 2020 census. Stillwater is often called "the birthplace of Minnesota" due to its role in the establishment of the state.
Euraphiinae
In the past, Euraphiinae has been considered a subfamily of barnacles of the family Chthamalidae. Research published in 2021 by Chan et al. resulted in the genera of the three subfamilies Euraphiinae, Chthamalinae, and Notochthamalinae being assigned directly to the family, without subfamily groupings, and this subfamily is no longer used.

Chthamalidae
The Chthamalidae are a family of chthamaloid barnacles, living entirely in intertidal/subtidal habitats, characterized by a primary shell wall of eight, six, or four plates, lacking imbricating plate whorls, and either membraneous or more rarely calcareous basis. They are not found below immediate subtidal habitats, and  more likely are found in the highest tier of shallow-water barnacle fauna. They can be found in the most rigorous wave-washed locations, and some species are found in the surf zone above high tide mark, only receiving water from wave action at high tide. The family includes at least 56 recognized species.
Siege of Musashi-Matsuyama (1563)
In Japanese history, the 1563 siege of Musashi-Matsuyama was a successful attempt by a combined Takeda clan-Hōjō clan army to regain Musashi province and Matsuyama castle from the Uesugi clan; the Hōjō had seized the castle from the Uesugi in the first siege of Musashi-Matsuyama (1537) but lost it, and in 1563 so sought to regain control of it once more.

Musashi-Matsuyama, situated in Japan's Musashi province (today Saitama prefecture), is so called simply to distinguish it from the other locations known as Matsuyama Castle throughout Japan. Retaken by the Uesugi, who held it originally before the Hōjō siege twenty-six years earlier, it came under siege from the Hōjō and Takeda very soon after it was regained. The besieging army, under the command of Takeda Shingen and Hōjō Ujiyasu, employed a team of miners to dig under the castle's defenses, allowing the greater portion of their force easier access to their target.

Matsuyama Castle
Matsuyama Castle (松山城; -jō) is the name of several castles in Japan:

Bitchū Matsuyama Castle, Takahashi, Okayama (former Bitchū Province)

Matsuyama Castle (Iyo), Matsuyama, Ehime (former Iyo Province)

Musashi Matsuyama Castle, Yoshimi, Saitama (former Musashi province)
San Juan Bautista District, Ica
San Juan Bautista District is one of fourteen districts of the Ica Province of the Ica Region of Peru.  The District 'seat' is the town of San Juan Bautista.

Other neighboring village in this district are El Olivo, and El Carmen (not to be confused with another District of the same name in the Chincha province of Ica).  Both of these villages are approximately 8 to 10 kilometers north of village of San Juan Bautista.

This entire District suffered greatly from the 2007 Peru earthquake.

2007 Peru earthquake
The 2007 Peru earthquake, which measured 8.0 on the moment magnitude scale, hit the central coast of Peru on August 15 at 23:40:57 UTC (18:40:57 local time) and lasted two minutes. The epicenter was located 150 km (93 mi) south-southeast of Lima at a depth of 39 km (24 mi). At least 595 people died and over 2,290 people were injured.
Hastarla, Çayırlı
Hastarla (Kurdish: Veringah) is a village in the Çayırlı District, Erzincan Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds and had a population of 69 in 2021. The hamlet of Kavaklı is attached to the village.

Çayırlı District
Çayırlı District is a district of Erzincan Province in Turkey. The municipality of Çayırlı is the seat and the district had a population of 8,383 in 2021. Its area is 1,062 km2.

The district was established in 1954.
Vasile Alecsandri National College (Bacău)
Vasile Alecsandri National College (Romanian: Colegiul Național "Vasile Alecsandri") is a public day high school in Bacău, Romania, located at 37 Vasile Alecsandri Street.

Founded as a secondary school for girls in 1921, work on the building lasted from 1925 to 1934. Today, this is considered a historic monument by Romania's Ministry of Culture and Religious Affairs. In 1954, the institution became coeducational, and in 1959, it was named after poet Vasile Alecsandri. In 2001, it was granted the title of national college.

The institution publishes quarterly the International Journal of Geometry; the editor in chief is Cătălin Ionel Barbu, a professor at the college.

Vasile Alecsandri
Vasile Alecsandri (Romanian pronunciation: [vaˈsile aleksanˈdri]; 21 July 1821 – 22 August 1890) was a Romanian patriot, poet, dramatist, politician and diplomat. He was one of the key figures during the 1848 revolutions in Moldavia and Wallachia. He fought for the unification of the Romanian Principalities, writing "Hora Unirii" in 1856 and giving up his candidacy for the title of prince of Moldavia, in favor of Alexandru Ioan Cuza. He became the first minister of foreign affairs of Romania and was one of the founding members of the Romanian Academy. Alecsandri was a prolific writer, contributing to Romanian literature with poetry, prose, several plays, and collections of Romanian folklore, being considered, alongside Mihai Eminescu, which admired and was inspired by the writings of Alecsandri, as one of the most important Romanian writers in the second half of the 19th century.
Hopi mythology
The Hopi maintain a complex religious and mythological tradition stretching back over centuries.  However, it is difficult to definitively state what all Hopis as a group believe. Like the oral traditions of many other societies, Hopi mythology is not always told consistently and each Hopi mesa, or even each village, may have its own version of a particular story,  but "in essence the variants of the Hopi myth bear marked similarity to one another."  It is also not clear that the stories told to non-Hopis, such as anthropologists and ethnographers, represent genuine Hopi beliefs or are merely stories told to the curious while keeping safe the more sacred Hopi teachings.  As folklorist Harold Courlander states, "there is a Hopi reticence about discussing matters that could be considered ritual secrets or religion-oriented traditions."

Harold Courlander
Harold Courlander (September 18, 1908 – March 15, 1996) was an American novelist, folklorist, and anthropologist and an expert in the study of Haitian life. The author of 35 books and plays and numerous scholarly articles, Courlander specialized in the study of African, Caribbean, Afro-American, and Native American cultures. He took a special interest in oral literature, cults, and Afro-American cultural connections with Africa.