hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Institute of Development Studies, Kolkata
The Institute of Development Studies Kolkata (IDSK) is an autonomous research institute dedicated for development studies and related subfields in Bidhannagar, West Bengal, India. Established in 2002 as a centre of excellence in social sciences, the institute is funded by the Government of West Bengal and recognised by the Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR).

Development studies
Development studies is an interdisciplinary branch of social science. Development studies is offered as a specialized master's degree in a number of reputed universities around the world. It has grown in popularity as a subject of study since the early 1990s, and has been most widely taught and researched in developing countries and countries with a colonial history, such as the UK, where the discipline originated. Students of development studies often choose careers in international organisations such as the United Nations, World Bank, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), media and journalism houses, private sector development consultancy firms, corporate social responsibility (CSR) bodies and research centers.
2017 Dutch National Track Championships
The 2017 Dutch National Track Championships were the Dutch national Championship for track cycling, organized by the KNWU. They took place in Alkmaar, the Netherlands on 20, 27, 28 and 29 December 2017

Alkmaar
Alkmaar (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɑl(ə)kmaːr] ⓘ) is a city and municipality in the Netherlands, located in the province of North Holland. Alkmaar is well known for its traditional cheese market. For tourists, it is a popular cultural destination. The municipality has a population of 111,766 as of 2023.
Daniil Sidorov
Daniil Sidorov (born 7 February 1999) is a Russian para taekwondo practitioner. He won one of the bronze medals in the men's 61 kg event at the 2020 Summer Paralympics in Tokyo, Japan. He competed at the Summer Paralympics under the flag of the Russian Paralympic Committee.

Para taekwondo
Para taekwondo is an adaptation of taekwondo for disabled sportspeople. The sport's main governing body is World Taekwondo (WT). New disciplines such as kyorugi and poomsae, both martial arts forms, have been developed for para-athletes. On January 31, 2017, Para Taekwondo was confirmed as a sport for the 2020 Tokyo Paralympic Games at the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) General Assembly the same year the WT became a full member of the IPC.
2002 Ms. Olympia
The 2002 Ms. Olympia contest 
is an IFBB professional bodybuilding competition and part of Joe Weider's Olympia Fitness & Performance Weekend 2002 was held on October 18, 2002, at the Mandalay Bay Arena in Paradise, Nevada. It was the 23rd Ms. Olympia competition held. Other events at the exhibition include the Mr. Olympia and Fitness Olympia contests.

Paradise, Nevada
Paradise is an unincorporated town and census-designated place (CDP) in Clark County, Nevada, United States, adjacent to the city of Las Vegas. It was formed on December 8, 1950. Its population was 191,238 at the 2020 census, making it the fifth-most-populous CDP in the United States; if it were an incorporated city, it would be the fifth-largest in Nevada. As an unincorporated town, it is governed by the Clark County Commission with input from the Paradise Town Advisory Board.

Paradise contains Harry Reid International Airport; the University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV); the majority of the Las Vegas Strip; and most of the tourist attractions in the Las Vegas area (excluding downtown). However, all Paradise addresses, as well as other unincorporated areas in the Las Vegas Valley, have "Las Vegas" addresses.
Anomiopus soledari
Anomiopus soledari is a species of true dung beetle that is endemic to Brazil, and can be found in the Federal District and Goiás State. It can be found in the cerrado biome, and may be a myrmecophile.

Federal District (Brazil)
The Federal District (Portuguese: Distrito Federal [dʒisˈtɾitu fedeˈɾaw] ⓘ) is one of 27 federative units of Brazil. Located in the Center-West Region, it is the smallest Brazilian federal unit and the only one that has no municipalities, being divided into 35 administrative regions. The federal capital of Brazil, Brasília, which is also the seat of government of the Federal District, is located in its territory. The Federal District is almost completely surrounded by the state of Goiás, but it shares a small border with Minas Gerais.
Ardennes Fury
Ardennes Fury (also known as Battle of the Ardennes: Fury) is a 2014 direct-to-video war film directed by Joseph J. Lawson. The film, produced by B-movie film company The Asylum, stars Tom Stedham, Bill Voorhees, Tino Struckman, Lawrence C. Garnell Jr., Lauren Vera, Yaron Urbas. Ardennes Fury is a mockbuster of Fury.

Mockbuster
A mockbuster, also known as knockbuster, is a film created to exploit the publicity of another major motion picture with a similar title or subject. Mockbusters are often made with a low budget and quick production to maximize profits. The term is a portmanteau of the words "mock" or "knock" and "blockbuster".

Unlike films produced to capitalize on the popularity of a recent release by adopting similar genre or storytelling elements, mockbusters are generally produced concurrently with upcoming films and released direct-to-video around the time the film they are inspired by is released. A mockbuster may be similar enough in title or packaging that consumers confuse it with the actual film it mimics; however, their producers maintain that they are simply offering additional products for consumers who want to watch more films in the same subgenres.
Premarital sex
Premarital sex is sex before marriage. It is an act of sex between two people who are not married to each other. Premarital sex is considered a sin by a number of religions and also considered a moral issue which is taboo in many cultures.

Since the second half of the 20th century, it has become accepted by certain liberal and progressive social movements, especially in the Western world. A 2014 Pew study on global morality found that premarital sex was considered particularly unacceptable in Muslim-majority countries, such as Malaysia, Jordan, and Pakistan, each having over 90% disapproval, while people in Western European countries were the most accepting, with Spain, Germany, and France expressing less than 10% disapproval.

Casual sex
Casual sex is sexual activity that is an alternative to a romantic relationship and implies an absence of commitment, emotional attachment, or familiarity between sexual partners. Examples are sexual activity while casually dating, one-night stands, prostitution or swinging and friends with benefits relationships.
2024 Zimbabwe Domestic Twenty20
The 2024 Zimbabwe Domestic Twenty20 Competition was the 13th edition of the Zimbabwe Domestic Twenty20 Competition, a domestic Twenty20 cricket  league that was played in Zimbabwe. The tournament took place from the 3 to 9 March 2024. Along with the five franchise teams, English County cricket team Durham Cricket Club participated for the first time in the competition. Durham extended their unbeaten streak into the final, clinching victory by a margin of 213 runs after dismissing the Mashonaland Eagles for a mere 16 runs.

Zimbabwe Domestic Twenty20
The Zimbabwean Domestic Twenty20, formerly known as the Stanbic Bank Twenty20 and the Metropolitan Bank Twenty20, is the domestic men's Twenty20 cricket competition in Zimbabwe. It was first played in 2006–07 and is organised by Zimbabwe Cricket.

The profile of the tournament grew after the reorganisation of cricket in Zimbabwe ahead of the 2009–10 season.
Vilyuysk
Vilyuysk (Russian: Вилюйск, IPA: [vʲɪˈlʲʉjsk]; Yakut: Бүлүү, Bülüü) is a town and the administrative center of Vilyuysky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia, located on the Vilyuy River (left tributary of the Lena), about 600 kilometers (370 mi) from Yakutsk, the capital of the republic. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 10,234.

Yakut language
The Yakut language (/jəˈkuːt/ yə-KOOT), also known as the Sakha language (/səˈxɑː/ sə-KHAH) or Yakutian, is a Siberian Turkic language spoken by around 450,000 native speakers—primarily by ethnic Yakuts. It is one of the official languages of the Sakha Republic, a republic in the Russian Federation.

The Yakut language has a large number of loanwords of Mongolic origin, a layer of vocabulary of unclear origin, as well as numerous recent borrowings from Russian. Like other Turkic languages, Yakut is an agglutinative language and features vowel harmony.
Hendrick Motorsports in the NASCAR Cup Series
Hendrick Motorsports (HMS) is an American professional auto racing organization that competes in the NASCAR Cup Series. The team was founded in 1984 as All Star Racing by Rick Hendrick. Hendrick Motorsports has won a NASCAR-record 320 Cup Series races and 15 Cup Series owners and drivers championships to go with three Truck Series owners and drivers titles and one Xfinity Series drivers crown. Additionally, the team has 30 O'Reilly Auto Parts Series race wins, 26 Truck Series race wins, and 7 ARCA Menards Series wins. This page documents the statistical results of Hendrick Motorsports in the NASCAR Cup Series beginning with the team's debut in 1984.

2023 United Rentals Work United 500
The 2023 United Rentals Work United 500 was a NASCAR Cup Series race held on March 12, 2023, at Phoenix Raceway in Avondale, Arizona. Contested over 317 laps – extended from 312 laps due to an overtime finish, on the one mile (1.6 km) oval, and it was the fourth race of the 2023 NASCAR Cup Series season.
Master of 1302
The so-called Master of 1302 (Italian: Maestro del 1302), sometimes the Master of Gerardo Bainchi (Italian: Maestro di Gerardo Bianchi), was an Italian painter active in Emilia in the first half of the 14th century.  His works were basically Gothic in style, with modernized touches; his name comes from a set of votive frescos painted for bishop Gerardo Bianchi, who died in 1302. Among these is a Madonna and Child Enthroned with an Angel and John the Baptist, including a portrait of the donor, located in the Baptistry of Parma.  Another pair of frescoes, in the third and fourteenth niches, appear to be by the same hand.  Other paintings associated with the Master show the influence of Lombard art, especially with a cycle in Como depicting the story of Saints Fausta and Liberata.  A detached fresco, depicting the Madonna and Child and now found in the Pinacoteca in Cremona, has also been ascribed to him.

Baptistery
In Christian architecture the baptistery or baptistry (Old French baptisterie; Latin baptisterium; Greek βαπτιστήριον, 'bathing-place, baptistery', from βαπτίζειν, baptízein, 'to baptize') is the separate centrally planned structure surrounding the baptismal font. The baptistery may be incorporated within the body of a church or cathedral, and provided with an altar as a chapel. In the early Church, the catechumens were instructed and the sacrament of baptism was administered in the baptistery.
Mark Horrocks
Mark Horrocks (born 13 January 1977) is a former English cricketer.  Horrocks was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace.  He was born in Hereford, Herefordshire.

Horrocks made his debut for Herefordshire in the 2001 Minor Counties Championship against Berkshire.  From 2001 to 2004, he represented the county in 7 Championship matches, the last of which came against Berkshire.  His MCCA Knockout Trophy debut for the county came against the Gloucestershire Cricket Board in 2002.  From 2002 to 2004, he represented the county in 6 Trophy matches, the last of which came against Wiltshire.

He also represented Herefordshire in 2 List A matches.  These came against Oxfordshire in the 1st round of the 2004 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy which was played in 2003 and Worcestershire in the 2nd round of the same competition, which was played in 2004.  In his 2 matches, he took a single wicket at a bowling average of 78.00, with best figures of 1/46.

Oxfordshire County Cricket Club
Oxfordshire County Cricket Club is one of twenty minor county clubs within the domestic cricket structure of England and Wales. It represents the historic county of Oxfordshire.

The team is currently a member of the Minor Counties Championship Western Division and plays in the MCCA Knockout Trophy. Oxfordshire played List A matches occasionally from 1967 until 2004 but is not classified as a List A team per se.
2018 Barcelona Open Banco Sabadell – Doubles
Florin Mergea and Aisam-ul-Haq Qureshi were the defending champions, but Mergea chose to compete in Budapest instead. Qureshi played alongside Jean-Julien Rojer, but lost in the final to Feliciano López and Marc López, 6–7(5–7), 4–6.

Feliciano and Marc López became the first all-spanish team in winning the tournament since 1997.

Florin Mergea
Florin Mergea (Romanian pronunciation: [floˈrin ˈmerdʒe̯a]; born 26 January 1985) is a Romanian former professional tennis player. As a doubles specialist, he has reached the final of the ATP World Tour Finals in 2015 and won an ATP Masters title at the Mutua Madrid Open earlier that year. He achieved a career-high ATP ranking of World No. 7 in doubles (July 2015) and World No. 243 in singles (May 2005).
Cape of Good Hope SPCA
Cape of Good Hope SPCA (Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals) in Cape Town is the founding society of the SPCA movement in South Africa and is the oldest animal welfare organisation in the country, established in 1872. A registered non-profit organisation and Public Benefit Organisation, the society is affiliated to the Royal Society for the Protection of Animals (RSPCA) and are Executive Members of the National Council of SPCAs South Africa (NSPCA), as well as a member of the World Animal Protection organization.

World Animal Protection
World Animal Protection, formerly The World Society for the Protection of Animals (WSPA), is an international non-profit animal welfare organization that has been in operation since 1981. The charity's mission is to create a better world for animals by protecting them.

The charity has regional hubs in: Africa, Asia, Europe, Latin America and North America, and offices in 14 countries. Its headquarters is in London.
Naqib ol Mamalek
Naghib ol Mamalek (Persian: نقیب‌ الممالک) was the title of the Chief-Persian storyteller in Qajar Iran. During the reign of Naser al-Din Shah Qajar, the popular Persian epics of Amir Arsalan, Malak Jamshid and other colloquial Iranian stories were told to the Shah by the Naghib ol Mamalek.

Malak Jamshid is clearly attributed to Mirza Mohammad Ali Naghib ol-Mamalek (Persian: میرزا محمد علی نقیب‌ الممالک). The Author of Amir Arsalan is disputed: While the Persian scholar Dr. Mohammad Jafar Mahjoub contributed this story also to Mohammad Ali Naghib ol-Mamalek, a second possible author Mirza Ahmad Naghib ol Mamalek is named by other sources. Most scholars hold Mohammad Ali for the more plausible author, although both are attested as Naqals (storytellers) of the Qajar period.

Shah
Shāh (/ʃɑː/; Persian: شاه [ˈʃaːɦ] ⓘ) is a royal title meaning 'king' in Persian. Though chiefly associated with the monarchs of Iran, it was also used to refer to the leaders of numerous Persianate societies, such as the Ottoman Empire, the Khanate of Bukhara and the Emirate of Bukhara, the Mughal Empire, the Bengal Sultanate, and various Afghan dynasties, as well as among Gurkhas. With regard to Iranian history, in particular, each ruling monarch was not seen simply as the head of the concurrent dynasty and state, but as the successor to a long line of royalty beginning with the original Persian Empire of Cyrus the Great. To this end, he was more emphatically known as the Shāhanshāh (شاهنشاه, šāhanšāh, 'king of kings' [ˌʃaːhanˈʃaːɦ]), since the Achaemenid dynasty. A roughly equivalent title is Pādishāh (پادشاه, pādišāh, pādšāh, 'master king'), which was most widespread during the Muslim period in the Indian subcontinent.
Hari Krishna Exports
Hari Krishna Exports Pvt. Ltd., also known as HK, is an Indian diamond conglomerate, headquartered in The Capital, Bandra Kurla Complex, Mumbai, India. It was established in 1992 by Savji Dholakia and his three brothers. The company has manufacturing units at Surat in Gujarat and its marketing and sales office in Mumbai. HK exports polished diamonds to 79 countries. Currently, the company manufactures over 40,000 carats of diamonds every month (equivalent to 500,000 carats annually).

According to a Times of India report in January 2017, Hari Krishna Exports was reportedly involved in a case concerning alleged evasion charges of approximately ₹16.66 crore by the Employees' Provident Fund Organisation.

The Capital (building)
The Capital  is a 19-story building situated in Bandra Kurla Complex, Mumbai. The Capital was constructed by Wadhwa Developers. It's a commercial building with a mixture of offices, retail and hospitality spaces. It features the world’s largest automated car parking system, and is a green building, with Gold LEED certification.

The Capital is designed to be eco-friendly and energy-efficient. The building’s design results in a 35 per cent increased energy-efficiency over conventional buildings. The Capital’s architectural positioning and low solar co-efficient double-glazed glass exterior ensures that it gets adequate daylight of 79.2 per cent for regular occupied spaces. The quality of the air in the building is 30 per cent higher than the requirement specified by ASHRAE 62.1.
The Scarlet Letter (1913 film)
The Scarlet Letter is a 1913 silent film that was based on the 1850 novel of the same title by Nathaniel Hawthorne. It was produced by the Kinemacolor Company of America and directed by David Miles. It starred Linda Arvidson, Murdock MacQuarrie and Charles Perley.

Murdock MacQuarrie
Murdock MacQuarrie (August 25, 1878 – August 20, 1942) was an American silent film actor and director. His name was also seen as Murdock McQuarrie.

MacQuarrie was born in San Francisco, California, and attended school there. He was the brother of actors Albert MacQuarrie, Frank MacQuarrie, and George MacQuarrie.

After acting on stage, MacQuarrie began acting in films in 1902 with Biograph. Around 1912-1913, he was acting for the Kinemacolor Company of America. His film work included The Count of Monte Cristo (1913), before becoming a director at Universal. He is perhaps best-remembered by modern audiences as J. Widdecombe Billows, the eccentric inventor of the eating machine, in Charlie Chaplin's Modern Times (1936).

In the 1910s, MacQuarrie directed at Universal, and in the early 1920s he returned to acting.

He diversified his activities in 1919, joining his wife in her real-estate business in Hollywood.

On August 20, 1942, MacQuarrie died in Los Angeles, California, aged 63.
Abhirami (1992 film)
Abhirami is a 1992 Indian Tamil-language drama film, directed by Dilip Kumar in his directorial debut and produced by R. B. Choudary. The film stars Saravanan, Sujatha, and Kasthuri, with the supporting cast including Anju, Vinodhini, Rohini, Goundamani, and Senthil. It was released on 27 November 1992.

Sujatha (actress)
Sujatha (10 December 1952 – 6 April 2011) was an Indian actress who worked in Tamil, Malayalam and Telugu films in addition to few in Kannada and Hindi languages as well. The actress was best known for restraint and subtlety in portrayal of varied emotions. After starring in numerous Malayalam films in her mother-tongue, Sujatha later got introduced to the Tamil film industry by veteran director K. Balachander and as a protagonist in her first Tamil film, Aval Oru Thodar Kathai (1974).
Ron Franscell
Ron Franscell (born January 29, 1957) is an American journalist, novelist and true crime writer best known for the true account The Darkest Night about the 1973 crimes against two childhood friends in the small community where Franscell grew up.

Globe Pequot Press
Globe Pequot is a book publisher and distributor of outdoor recreation and leisure titles that publishes 500 new titles. Globe Pequot was acquired by Morris Communications in 1997. Lyons Press was acquired in 2001. It was sold to Rowman & Littlefield in 2014. After Rowman & Littlefield sold its academic publishing division to Bloomsbury Publishing in 2024 and with it included its own name, the holding company changed its name to The Globe Pequot Publishing Group, took the name of Globe Pequot.
Pelargos
Pelargos (Greek: Πελαργός) is a Greek tomato company and it is one of the major tomato paste brands in the country.  It is headquartered in Athens in the Athens Industrial Area west of downtown.  It manufactures tomato pastes and are used on pasta, lasagna and other cuisines.

Pelargos has several factories across Greece including one 1 km southeast of the centre of Gastouni. The factory is on the southwest side of the GR-9 (Patras - Pyrgos - Kyparissia about 1 km south and east of the new one (also the E75). Its area is by 500 m and 800 m making it the largest building in town. Its production parking is also on the right side. The road to Palaiochori lies to the south. It was constructed in the mid to late-20th century and was first opened later on.

Kyparissia
Kyparissia (Greek: Κυπαρισσία) is a town and a former municipality in northwestern Messenia, Peloponnese, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Trifylia, of which it is the seat and a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 101.018 km2 (39.003 sq mi). The town proper has around 5,000 inhabitants.
John L. Gainer
John Lloyd Gainer (July 19, 1938 – July 28, 2025) was an American chemical engineer and co-founder and chief scientific officer of Diffusion Pharmaceuticals, a biotechnology and pharmaceutical company based in Charlottesville, Virginia, U.S. Professor Gainer retired from his position as Chief Science Officer of Diffusion Pharmaceuticals in March 2020. Gainer pioneered investigation into the mechanism of action underlying oxygen diffusion-enhancing compounds (ODECs) and invented the subclass of ODECs known as bipolar trans carotenoid salts. The lead compound of this class is trans sodium crocetinate (TSC) which Gainer invented while a professor of chemical engineering at the University of Virginia.

Oxygen diffusion-enhancing compound
An oxygen diffusion-enhancing compound is any substance that increases the availability of oxygen in body tissues by influencing the molecular structure of water in blood plasma and thereby promoting the movement (diffusion) of oxygen through plasma. Oxygen diffusion-enhancing compounds have shown promise in the treatment of conditions associated with hypoxia (a lack of oxygen in tissues) and ischemia (a lack of oxygen in the circulating blood supply). Such conditions include hemorrhagic shock, myocardial infarction (heart attack), and stroke.
Parson's chameleon
Parson's chameleon (Calumma parsonii) is a species of chameleon in the family Chamaeleonidae that is endemic to eastern and northern Madagascar. It is found from lowlands to an altitude of 1,195 m (3,920 ft) above sea level and mainly inhabits humid primary forest, but can also occur in disturbed habitats with trees. For a chameleon, it is very large, long-lived and slow-reproducing.

CITES
CITES (shorter acronym for the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, also known as the Washington Convention) is a multilateral treaty to protect endangered plants and animals from the threats of international trade. It was drafted as a result of a resolution adopted in 1963 at a meeting of members of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The convention was opened for signature in 1973 and CITES entered into force on 1 July 1975.

Its aim is to ensure that international trade (import/export) in specimens of animals and plants included under CITES does not threaten the survival of the species in the wild. This is achieved via a system of permits and certificates. CITES affords varying degrees of protection to more than 40,900 species.

As of December 2024, the Secretary-General of CITES is Ivonne Higuero.