hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Oleggio Castello
Oleggio Castello is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Novara in the Italian region of Piedmont, located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) northeast of Turin and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) north of Novara.

Province of Novara
The province of Novara (Italian: provincia di Novara) is a province in the Piedmont region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Novara.

In 1992, the new province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola was created through the fusion of three geographical areas which had previously been part of the province of Novara.

It has an area of 1,339 square kilometres (517 sq mi) and a population of 362,925 (2021). The province contains 87 comuni (sg.: comune) (see list of comuni of the province of Novara).
Cornelius Dupree
Cornelius Dupree Jr. (born September 22, 1959) is an American man who was declared innocent of a 1980 conviction for aggravated robbery, which was alleged to have been committed during a rape in 1979. He was paroled in July 2010 after serving 30 years of a 75-year prison sentence in Texas. Prosecutors cleared him of the crime after a test of his DNA profile did not match traces of semen evidence from the case. Dupree, who was represented by the Innocence Project, spent more time in prison in Texas than any other inmate who was eventually exonerated by DNA evidence.

DNA profiling
DNA profiling (also called DNA fingerprinting and genetic fingerprinting) is the process of determining an individual's deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) characteristics. DNA analysis intended to identify a species, rather than an individual, is called DNA barcoding.

DNA profiling is a forensic technique in criminal investigations, comparing criminal suspects' profiles to DNA evidence so as to assess the likelihood of their involvement in the crime. It is also used in paternity testing, to establish immigration eligibility, and in genealogical and medical research. DNA profiling has also been used in the study of animal and plant populations in the fields of zoology, botany, and agriculture. DNA profiling was discovered by British geneticist Sir Alec Jeffreys in 1984 while he was working at the University of Leicester. He developed the technique of genetic fingerprinting by realizing that some regions of DNA have highly variable repetitive sequences that are unique to each individual.
Frans Wijffels
Franciscus Cornelis Marie (Frans) Wijffels (10 April 1899, Stratum – 22 March 1968, Delft) was a Dutch politician of the Roman Catholic State Party (RKSP) and its successor the Catholic People's Party (KVP).

Wijffels was Minister of Social Affairs in the third Gerbrandy cabinet and also a member of the House of Representatives and the Senate.

Catholic People's Party
The Catholic People's Party (Dutch: Katholieke Volkspartij, KVP) was a Catholic Christian democratic political party in the Netherlands. The party was founded in 1945 as a continuation of the interwar Roman Catholic State Party, which was in turn a successor of the General League of Roman Catholic Electoral Associations. The party was in government throughout its existence. In 1977, a federation of parties including the Catholic People's Party, the Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP) and the Christian Historical Union (CHU) ran together under the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) banner. The three participating parties formally dissolved to form the CDA in 1980.
Otitinae
Otitinae is the name of a subfamily of flies in the family Ulidiidae. It was formerly the Otitidae. Like the Ulidiinae, most species are herbivorous or saprophagous. Most species share with the Tephritidae an unusual elongated projection of the anal cell in the wing, but can be differentiated by the smoothly curving subcostal vein. Most are dull gray to shiny brown or black flies with vein R1 setulose or, in a few cases, bare.

Juan Brèthes
Juan (Jean) Brèthes, also known as Frère Judulien Marie (24 February 1871 in Saint-Sever, Landes – 2 July 1928 in Buenos Aires) was an Argentine scientist, naturalist, entomologist, ornithologist, zoologist and geologist. He was the first entomologist of the National Museum, today known as the Argentine Museum of Natural Sciences. He was a close collaborator of Florentino Ameghino, and translated several of his works into French. Thanks to his intense activity, he systematized a large number of Latin American insect species. He was a precursor in the fight against agricultural pests at a time when insecticides had not been developed to combat them.
Penhale
Penhale (Cornish: Pennhal) is a village in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is about six miles (9.7 km) east-southeast of Newquay and ten miles (16 km) west-southwest of Bodmin.

The village is on the course of the A30 trunk road. The road used to run through the village but is now re-routed half-a-mile south as a dual carriageway bypass.

Penhale is in the civil parish of St Enoder and the nearest villages are Fraddon, St Columb Road and Indian Queens. Just north of Penhale is the settlement of Blue Anchor, a historic stopping point along The Trafalgar Way.

The Penhale Round pub, located beside the A30, is said to be built on the site of a prehistoric settlement that has had evidence of occupation excavated dating back to the Middle Bronze Age (circa 1300-900 BC).

Newquay
Newquay (/ˈnjuːki/ NEW-kee; Standard Written Form: Tewynblustri) is a town on the north coast in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is a civil parish, seaside resort, regional centre for aerospace industries with an airport and a spaceport, and a fishing port on the North Atlantic coast, approximately 12 miles (19 km) north of Truro and 20 miles (32 km) west of Bodmin.

The town is bounded to the south by the River Gannel and its associated salt marsh, and to the north-east by the Porth Valley. The western edge of the town meets the Atlantic at Fistral Bay. The town has been expanding inland (south) since the former fishing village of New Quay began to grow in the second half of the nineteenth century.

At the 2021 census the population of the parish was 23,626 and the population of the built up area as defined by the Office for National Statistics was 24,545.
Pannaway Plantation
Pannaway Plantation was the first European settlement in what is now currently the state of New Hampshire. By 1630, the plantation was abandoned, and the settlers moved to Strawbery Banke in what is now Portsmouth. Pannaway Plantation was settled on land that is now in Odiorne Point State Park in the town of Rye.

Portsmouth, New Hampshire
Portsmouth is a city in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States. It had a population of 21,956 at the 2020 census. A historic seaport and popular summer tourist destination on the Piscataqua River bordering the state of Maine, Portsmouth was formerly the home of the Pease Air Force Base, since converted to Portsmouth International Airport at Pease.
1999 Asian Junior Athletics Championships
The 1999 Asian Junior Athletics Championships was the eighth edition of the international athletics competition for Asian under-20 athletes, organised by the Asian Athletics Association. It took place from 30 September to 3 October in Singapore. A total of 43 events were contested, which were divided equally between male and female athletes aside from the men's 3000 metres steeplechase.

Asian Athletics
The Asian Athletics formerly known as Asian Athletics Association and Asian Amateur Athletics Association (from 1973 to 2002) is the continental governing body for the sport of athletics in Asia. It is headquartered in Thailand. It organises the Asian Championships in Athletics and other continental competitions.

The current president Qatari Dahlan Jumaan al-Hamad, who was elected to the position in 2013. Suresh Kalmadi of India was the president from 2000 to 2013.
Polygamy in Benin
The nation of Benin recognizes polygamous marriages neither by civil law nor by customary law. Polygamy was permitted until 2004 when it was formally abolished. After the intake of the current constitution, polygamous marriages were constitutionally banned in the country.  However, polygamous marriages contracted prior to the ban are still legally recognized by the government.

The share of polygamous marriages in Benin is at 23.5% of all marriages. Polygamy is more common in rural areas compared to urban areas (27.4% versus 18.8%). This share is the lowest in Littoral Department with 8.9% and the highest in Couffo Department with 40.0%.

Littoral (Benin)
Littoral ([li.tɔ.ʁal], "Littoral") is one of the twelve departments of Benin. At 79 km2 (31 sq mi), Littoral is the smallest department in the country. Its capital is Cotonou, Benin's largest city. The department was created in 1999 with the splitting up of territories of Atlantique Department.

As per 2013 census, the total population of the department was 679,012 with 325,872 males and 353,140 females. The entire population was urban while the total labour force in the department numbered 253,892. The proportion of households with no level of attained formal education was 21.1%, by far the lowest of any department in the country.
City Hall (Forest City, Missouri)
City Hall is a historic city hall located at Forest City, Holt County, Missouri.  It was built in 1901, and is a two-story, rectangular red brick building measuring 80 feet by 40 feet.  It sits on a foundation of smoothed and coursed native limestone blocks.  It features a square clock tower.: 5–6

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

Holt County, Missouri
Holt County is a county located in the northwestern portion of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the population was 4,223. Its county seat is Oregon. The county was organized February 15, 1841. Originally named Nodaway County, it was soon renamed for David Rice Holt (1803–1840), a Missouri state legislator from Platte County.
Richard McKenzie (Tasmanian politician)
Richard John Stevenson McKenzie (6 March 1850 – 13 October 1919) was an Australian politician.

He was born in Launceston, Van Diemen's Land. In 1906 he was elected to the Tasmanian House of Assembly as the Anti-Socialist member for North Esk. With the introduction of proportional representation in 1909 he was elected as one of the six members for Bass. He held the seat until he was defeated in 1913, but later that year he was elected to the Tasmanian Legislative Council as the independent member for Westmorland. He held the seat until his death in Launceston in 1919.

Free Trade Party
The Free Trade Party (FTP), officially known as the Free Trade and Liberal Association and also referred to as the Revenue Tariff Party in some states, was an Australian political party. It was formally organised in 1887 in New South Wales, in time for the 1887 New South Wales colonial election, which the party won.

The party advocated the abolition of protectionism, especially protective tariffs and other restrictions on trade, arguing that this would create greater prosperity for all. However, many members also advocated use of minimal tariffs for government revenue purposes only. Its most prominent leader was George Reid, who led the Reid government as the fourth Prime Minister of Australia (1904–1905).

In New South Wales, it was succeeded by the Liberal and Reform Association in 1902, and federally by the Anti-Socialist Party in 1906. In 1909, the Anti-Socialist Party merged with the Protectionist Party to form the Liberal Party.
Richard Cole-Hamilton
Richard Mervyn Cole-Hamilton (14 December 1877 – 1959) was an Anglican priest.

Cole-Hamilton was born at Scaldwell on 14 December 1877, son of Rev. Arthur Henry Cole-Hamilton (1846-1889), rector of Castle Ashby, Northamptonshire, and Harriet Elizabeth (died 1913), daughter of John Tisdall. The Cole-Hamiltons descend from Arthur Cole-Hamilton, a younger son of the Irish politician John Cole, 1st Baron Mountflorence, whose eldest son and heir, William, was created Earl of Enniskillen. A great-grandson is the Scottish politician Alex Cole-Hamilton.

Cole-Hamilton was educated at Worcester College, Oxford (BA 1901, MA 1903), and was ordained deacon in 1902, and priest in 1903. He was a temporary Chaplain in the Armed Forces from 1915 to 1916, and Canon of Brecon in 1941. After curacies in Alfreton and Llansamlet he held incumbencies at Stokesay and Llangattock. He was Archdeacon of Brecon from 1947 to 1955.

Llansamlet
Llansamlet is a suburban district and community of Swansea, Wales, falling into the Llansamlet ward. The area is centred on the A48 road (named Samlet Road and Clase Road in the area) and the M4 motorway.

Like other places in Wales having a name beginning with Llan, Llansamlet is named after a church, usually itself bearing the name of a saint – in this case, the church of Saint Samlet. There is a Saint Samlet's Church in the area on Church Road.
Ignacio
Ignacio is a male Spanish name originating in the Latin name "Ignatius" from ignis "fire". This was the name of several saints, including the third bishop of Antioch (who was thrown to wild beasts by emperor Trajan) and Saint Ignatius of Loyola. Variants include the archaic Iñacio, the Italian Ignazio, the German Ignatz, the Catalan Ignasi, the Basque Iñaki, Iñigo, Eneko, and the hypocorisms Nacho/Natxo, Iggy, and Iggie.

Ignacio can refer to:

Ignatius of Antioch
Ignatius of Antioch (/ɪɡˈneɪʃəs/; Ancient Greek: Ἰγνάτιος Ἀντιοχείας, romanized: Ignátios Antiokheías; died c. 108/140), also known as Ignatius Theophorus (Ἰγνάτιος ὁ Θεοφόρος, Ignátios ho Theophóros, 'the God-bearing'), was an early Christian writer and the Patriarch of Antioch. While en route to Rome, where he met his martyrdom, Ignatius wrote a series of letters. This correspondence forms a central part of a later collection of works by the Apostolic Fathers. He is considered one of the three most important of these, together with Clement of Rome and Polycarp. Although the authenticity of his letters has been questioned, they continue to serve as an example of early Christian theology, and address important topics including ecclesiology, the sacraments, and the role of bishops.
Rui'an
Rui'an is a county-level city under the jurisdiction of Wenzhou prefecture, Zhejiang province, China. It has a population of 1,125,000 people and covers a land area of 1,271 km2 (491 sq mi), 3,037 km2 (1,173 sq mi) when including water area. Natives of the city speak the Rui'an dialect of Wu Chinese.

As one of the trial counties and cities for comprehensive economic reforms, Rui'an was recognized as the fourteenth development zone by the State Council in 1987, and was subsequently listed as one of the first counties to be opened for foreign direct investment in 1988.

Rui'an is also one of the top 100 cities for economic growth in China with a burgeoning tourist industry. As of today, there are 49 towns and villages under the administration of Rui'an.

Village (China)
Villages (Chinese: 村; pinyin: Cūn), formally village-level divisions (村级行政区; Cūn Jí Xíngzhèngqū) in China, serve as a fundamental organizational unit for its rural population (census, mail system). Basic local divisions like neighborhoods and communities are not informal, but have defined boundaries and designated heads (one per area). In 2000, China's densely populated villages (>100 persons/square km) had a population greater than 500 million and covered more than 2 million square kilometers, or more than 20% of China's total area. By 2020, all incorporated villages (with proper conditions making it possible) had road access, the last village to be connected being a remote village in Sichuan province's Butuo County.
Greenbrier High School (Arkansas)
Greenbrier High School (GHS) is a comprehensive public high school serving more than 600 students in grades ten through twelve in Greenbrier, Arkansas, United States. It is one of six public high schools in Faulkner County and is the sole high school administered by the Greenbrier School District. Greenbrier High School is the home of the pilot program that formed the national EAST Initiative.

The district includes Greenbrier, Wooster, Springhill, most of Holland, and portions of Conway and Twin Groves.

Secondary education in the United States
Secondary education is the last six or seven years of statutory formal education in the United States. It reaches the climax with twelfth grade (age 17–18). Whether it begins with sixth grade (age 11–12) or seventh grade (age 12–13) varies by state and sometimes by school district.

Secondary education in the United States occurs in two phases. The first, as classified by the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED), is the lower secondary phase, either called a middle school or junior high school. A middle school is for students sixth grade, seventh grade and eighth grade and a junior high school is only for students in seventh and eighth grade.

The second is the ISCED upper secondary phase, a high school or senior high school for students ninth grade through twelfth grade. There is some debate over the optimum age of transfer, and variation in some states; also, middle school often includes grades that are almost always considered primary school.
A Simple Way to Pray
A Simple Way to Pray for Master Peter the Barber (German: Eine einfältige weise zu beten für ein guten freund, 1535) is a short book by Protestant reformer Martin Luther.

Luther gives the Our Father, Ten Commandments and Apostolic Creed, which are the main content of his Small Catechism, showing by example, how they can be meditated and contemplated. This is done in a manner of four stranded chaplet. The four strands consist of:

Instruction

Thanksgiving

Confession of sins

Prayer petitions

Protestant Reformers
Protestant Reformers were theologians whose careers, works and actions brought about the Protestant Reformation of the 16th century.

In the context of the Reformation, Martin Luther was the first reformer, sharing his views publicly in 1517, followed by Andreas Karlstadt and Philip Melanchthon at Wittenberg, who promptly joined the new movement. In 1519, Huldrych Zwingli became the first reformer to express a form of the Reformed tradition.

Listed are the most influential reformers only. They are listed by movement, although some reformers influenced multiple movements and are included in each respective section.
Mouna Benabderrassoul
Mouna Benabderrassoul  (born May 12, 1984) is a Moroccan taekwondo athlete. She won the bronze medal in lightweight (-63 kg) at the 2001 World Taekwondo Championships in Jeju City, South Korea.

Benabderrassoul represented her country in the -67 kg class at the 2008 Beijing Olympics.

Jeju City
Jeju City (Korean: 제주시, romanized: Jeju-si; Korean pronunciation: [tɕe̞.dʑu]) is the capital of the Jeju Province in South Korea and the largest city on Jeju Island. The city is served by Jeju International Airport (IATA code CJU).

Located on an island off the Korean Peninsula, Jeju has mild, warm weather during much of the year (September 79°
October 70°
November 61°
December 51°)  The city is a well-known resort, with prestigious hotels and public casino facilities. In 2011, 9.9 million passengers flew between the two cities of Seoul and Jeju, making the Gimpo–Jeju route the world's busiest passenger air route.

Jeju welcomes over ten million visitors every year, mainly from the South Korean mainland, Japan, and China. The population of Jeju City is 486,604 people and 225,139 households (244,468 men and 245,136 women, May 2024). The population density is 503.18 (per square km, 2020).
Dmitry Volkov (swimmer)
Dmitry Arkadyevich Volkov (Russian: Дмитрий Аркадьевич Волков; 30 March 1966 – 16 January 2025) was a Russian two-time Olympic breaststroke swimmer. He swam at the 1988 and 1992 Olympics.

At the 1988 Olympics, he garnered bronze medals in the 100 Breaststroke and as part of the Soviet Union's 4x100 Medley Relay. At the 1992 Olympics, he garnered a silver medal as part of the Unified Team's 4x100 Medley Relay.

Volkov died in Moscow at the age of 58 on 16 January 2025, after a long battle with cancer.

Breaststroke
Breaststroke is a swimming style in which the swimmer is on their chest and the torso does not rotate. It is the most popular recreational style due to the swimmer's head being out of the water a large portion of the time, and that it can be swum comfortably at slow speeds. In most swimming classes, beginners learn either the breaststroke or the freestyle (front crawl) first. However, at the competitive level, swimming breaststroke at speed requires endurance and strength comparable to other strokes. Some people refer to breaststroke as the "frog" stroke because the arms and legs move somewhat like a frog swimming in the water. The stroke itself is the slowest of any competitive strokes and is thought to be the oldest of all swimming strokes.
Matsuo Group
The Matsuo Group is an Early Cretaceous (Hauterivian - Barremian-aged) geologic formation in Japan. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation, although none have yet been referred to a specific genus ("Tobasaurus").

Barremian
The Barremian is an age in the geologic timescale (or a chronostratigraphic stage) between 125.77 Ma (million years ago) and 121.4 ± 0.6 Ma (Historically, this stage was placed at 129.4 million to approximately 125 million years ago). It is a subdivision of the Early Cretaceous Epoch (or Lower Cretaceous Series). It is preceded by the Hauterivian and followed by the Aptian Stage.
Department for Business, Innovation and Skills
The Department for Business, Innovation and Skills (BIS) was a ministerial department of the Government of the United Kingdom. It was created by the Gordon Brown premiership on 5 June 2009 by the merger of the Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills and the Department for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform. It was disbanded by the Theresa May premiership on the creation of the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy on 14 July 2016.

Mail
The mail or post is a system for physically transporting postcards, letters, and parcels. A postal service can be private or public, though many governments place restrictions on private systems. Since the mid-19th century, national postal systems have generally been established as a government monopoly, with a fee on the article prepaid. Proof of payment is usually in the form of an adhesive postage stamp, but a postage meter is also used for bulk mailing.

Postal authorities often have functions aside from transporting letters. In some countries, a postal, telegraph and telephone (PTT) service oversees the postal system, in addition to telephone and telegraph systems. Some countries' postal systems allow for savings accounts and handle applications for passports.

The Universal Postal Union (UPU), established in 1874, includes 192 member countries and sets the rules for international mail exchanges as a Specialized Agency of the United Nations.
Rxbar
RXBAR is a brand of protein bars produced by Insurgent Brands LLC, a subsidiary of Kellanova. It is made with egg whites, dried fruit, nuts, and dates.

RXBAR products were conceived and initially manufactured by Peter Rahal and Jared Smith, beginning in 2013. Their company, Chicago Bar Co., was acquired by Kellogg's in 2017, and later became part of Kellanova, a spin-off of Kellogg's and eventually, part of Mars Inc.

Protein bar
Protein bars are convenience food that contain a high proportion of protein relative to carbohydrates and fats.  Despite the label focusing on protein, many mass-marketed protein bars contain more added sugar than some desserts like cookies or doughnuts, making them more like candy bars. The source of protein may be animal, e.g., whey (vegetarian) or collagen, or plant (e.g., pea protein, or peanut).