hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Michael Questier
Michael C. Questier is an English academic and historian.

Questier studied at Worth School and Balliol College, Oxford. In 1991 he completed a D.Phil at the University of Sussex on early modern politico-religious history. He has published works on post-Reformation history, and English Catholicism between the early Reformation and the English Civil War, particularly focusing on anti-popery, aristocratic culture, the Jacobean exchequer, and the experience of conversion. He taught at Worcester College, Oxford, was a British Academy Postdoctoral Fellow at King's College London, and in 2002, became a senior lecturer at Queen Mary, University of London, subsequently becoming its Professor of Early Modern British and European History. He has also been a Visiting Fellow at All Souls College, Oxford.

All Souls College, Oxford
All Souls College (official name: The College of All Souls of the Faithful Departed, of Oxford) is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in England. Unique to All Souls, all of its members automatically become fellows (i.e., full members of the college's governing body). It has no student members, but each year, recent graduates are eligible to apply for a small number of examination fellowships through a competitive examination (once described as "the hardest exam in the world") and, for those shortlisted after the examinations, an interview.

The college entrance is on the north side of High Street, whilst it has a long frontage onto Radcliffe Square. To its east is The Queen's College, whilst Hertford College is to the north of All Souls.

The current warden (head of the college) is Sir John Vickers, a graduate of Oriel College, Oxford.
Difelikefalin
Difelikefalin, sold under the brand name Korsuva, is an opioid peptide used for the treatment of moderate to severe itch. It acts as a peripherally-restricted, highly selective agonist of the κ-opioid receptor (KOR).

Difelikefalin acts as an analgesic by activating KORs on peripheral nerve terminals and KORs expressed by certain immune system cells. Activation of KORs on peripheral nerve terminals results in the inhibition of ion channels responsible for afferent nerve activity, causing reduced transmission of pain signals, while activation of KORs expressed by immune system cells results in reduced release of proinflammatory, nerve-sensitizing mediators (e.g., prostaglandins).

Difelikefalin was approved for medical use in the United States in August 2021. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration considers it to be a first-in-class medication.

First-in-class medication
A first-in-class medication is a prototype drug that uses a "new and unique mechanism of action" to treat a particular medical condition. While the Food and Drug Administration's Center for Drug Evaluation and Research tracks first-in-class medications and reports on them annually, first-in-class is not considered a regulatory category. Although many first-in-class medications qualify as breakthrough therapies, Regenerative Medicine Advanced Therapies and/or orphan drugs, first-in-class status itself has no regulatory effect.
Zanna (surname)
Zanna is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ahmed Zanna (1955–2015), Nigerian politician

Antonella Zanna, Italian-Norwegian mathematician

Francesco De Zanna (1905–1989), Italian bobsledder

Mark Zanna (1944–2020), Canadian social psychologist

Talib Zanna (born 1990), Nigerian basketball player in the Israel Basketball Premier League

Talib Zanna
Talib Zanna (born 1 October 1990) is a Nigerian professional basketball player who last played for the Tauranga Whai of the New Zealand National Basketball League (NZNBL). He played college basketball for the Pittsburgh Panthers before playing professionally in the NBA G League, France, Israel, Spain, Turkey, Bulgaria, Dominican Republic, and Croatia. In 2017, he won the FIBA Europe Cup and the French Cup with Nanterre 92.
You're the Only Star in My Blue Heaven
Starting as the B-side of Gene Autry's "Mexicali Rose", penned by Autry, 'You're the Only Star in My Blue Heaven' was also popular in Hillbilly jukeboxes and radios in the mid-late 1930s. After the Columbia Broadcasting System, Inc. (CBS) purchased ARC and Gene's contract in December 1938. (soon renaming the company "Columbia Records"), 'Star' was re-recorded on April 13, 1939 (1939-4-13) at Columbia's new Hollywood studio, located at KNX Radio, Sunset and Gower (Autry and Bob Wills would record many of their great 1940s Okeh and Columbia hits at this location). The younger version is over 20 seconds shorter.

At first, only Roy Acuff and his Crazy Tennesseans recorded the song (Roy on October 21, 1936)., and in 1938 by The Delmore Brothers. It was also recorded by Elvis Presley and Jerry Lee Lewis during the Million Dollar Quartet sessions at Sun Recording Studios. Amongst other recordings are those by Connee Boswell (1939), Dick Todd (1938), and Camera Obscura (2009).

Connee Boswell
Constance Foore "Connee" Boswell (December 3, 1907 – October 11, 1976) was an American vocalist born in Kansas City, Missouri, but raised in New Orleans, Louisiana. With sisters Martha and Helvetia "Vet", she performed in the 1920s and 1930s as the trio The Boswell Sisters. They started as instrumentalists but became a highly influential singing group via their recordings and film and television appearances.

Connee Boswell is considered one of the great female jazz vocalists and was a major influence on Ella Fitzgerald, who said "My mother brought home one of her records, and I fell in love with it...I tried so hard to sound just like her." In 1936, Connee's sisters retired and Connee continued on as a solo artist (having also recorded solos during her years with the group).
The Original Salty Dogs Jazz Band
The Original Salty Dogs Jazz Band is a traditional jazz ensemble founded in 1947 in West Lafayette, Indiana, and later based in Chicago, Illinois. The Salty Dogs play standards and original pieces influenced by the Dixieland artists of the 1910s and 1920s, as well as the 1940s and 1950s "revivalists" such as Lu Watters and Turk Murphy.

Lu Watters
Lucius Carl Watters (December 19, 1911 – November 5, 1989) was a trumpeter and bandleader of the Yerba Buena Jazz Band. Jazz critic Leonard Feather said, “The Yerba Buena band was perhaps the most vital factor in the reawakening of public interest in traditional jazz on the west coast.”
André Marchand (politician)
André Marchand (26 May 1926 – 11 January 2011) was a politician of the Quebec Liberal Party.  He was a member of the National Assembly representing the Laurier riding from 1970 to 1981, having defeated the former Liberal René Lévesque in the 1970 election), and was re-elected for the 29th, 30th and 31st National Assembly of Quebec.

31st Quebec Legislature
The 31st National Assembly of Quebec was the provincial legislature in Quebec, Canada that was elected in the 1976 Quebec general election.  It sat for six sessions from 14 December 1976 to 23 December 1976; from 8 March 1977 to 22 December 1977; from 21 February 1978 to 20 February 1979; from 6 March 1979 to 18 June 1980; on 24 October 1980 (one day); and from 5 November 1980 to 12 March 1981.  The Parti Québécois led by René Lévesque came to power for the first time, and organized the 1980 Quebec sovereignty referendum, which resulted in a win for the "no" side.  The Quebec Liberal Party opposition was led by interim leader Gérard D. Levesque and later by Claude Ryan.
Walking in My Sleep
"Walking in My Sleep" is a song written by Leslie Adey and Jack Green and recorded by the English rock singer Roger Daltrey for his fifth solo studio album Parting Should Be Painless (1984). The single was produced by Mike Thorne, with executive producer listed as "Spike". This is presumably the same woman who was credited as the executive producer of Pete Townshend's compilation album Scoop (1983), later revealed to be Helen Wilkins.

The single, "Walking in My Sleep", peaked at number 4 on the US Billboard's Mainstream Rock Charts and number 40 on the Netherlands's MegaCharts the single also reached No. 56 on the UK singles chart and No. 62 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and No. 19 on the Austrian Singles Charts.

The single's music video featured Ian Dury, who was best known as the lead vocalist of the English band Ian Dury and the Blockheads.

Ö3 Austria Top 40
Ö3 Austria Top 40 is the official Austrian singles chart, as well as the radio show which presents it, aired on Mondays on Hitradio Ö3. The show presents the Austrian singles, ringtones and downloads chart. It premiered on 26 November 1968 as Disc Parade and was presented by Ernst Grissemann.

The weekly number-ones are released by Musikmarkt and GoTV.
Naresh Budhayer
Naresh Bahadur Budhayer (last name also spelled as Budayair) (Nepali: नरेश बहादुर बुढाऐर) (born 15 October 1991) is a Nepalese-born Canadian cricketer. He is a right-handed batsman and a right-arm off break bowler. In 2022, he gave up his Nepalese citizenship and adopted Canadian nationality. He was called in close camp of Canada national team in 2022. He made his debut for Nepal against Bahrain in November 2009.

He represented the Nepal Army Club of the National League, Jagdamba Giants of the Nepal Premier League and Pentagon International College, which played in the SPA Cup.

Nepal Premier League
The Nepal Premier League (NPL), also known as the Siddhartha Bank Nepal Premier League for sponsorship reasons, is a professional Twenty20 cricket league in Nepal, organised by the Cricket Association of Nepal. 
Founded in 2024, the league features eight franchise teams based on provinces or major cities.

The league is held every year between October and December. The tournament follows a round-robin format, with the top teams moving forward to the playoffs.
Gustav Winkler
Gustav Winkler (11 May 1867 in Liegnitz – 26 April 1954 in Berlin) was a German industrialist. He led the "Gustav Winkler Textilwerke" in Lauban and produced mostly textile hanckerchives. He cooperated with the Kaiser Wilhelm Society in the research for the improvement in the production of textiles. Winkler held the position of a Senator in the supervising committee of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society from 1936 till 1945. In 1953 he received the Harnack medal of the Max Planck Society in 1953.

Lubań
Lubań [ˈlubaɲ] (German: Lauban; Czech: Lubáň), sometimes called Lubań Śląski (English: Silesian Lubań; Upper Sorbian: Lubań Šlešćina, pronounced [ˈlubanʲ ˈʃlɛʃtʃina]); is a town in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship in southwest Poland. It is the administrative seat of Lubań County and also of the smaller Gmina Lubań (although it is not part of the territory of the latter, as the town is a separate urban gmina in its own right).
Cananga
Cananga (ultimately from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kanaŋa) is a small genus of only two species in the custard apple family Annonaceae, native to areas from Indo-China through Malesia to Australia. One of the species, Cananga odorata, is the source of the fragrant oil ylang-ylang.

Malesia
Malesia is a biogeographical region straddling the Equator and the boundaries of the Indomalayan and Australasian realms. It is a phytogeographical floristic region in the Paleotropical kingdom. It was first recognized as a distinct region in 1857 by Heinrich Zollinger, a Swiss botanist and explorer. The precise boundaries used to define Malesia vary. The broadly defined area used in Flora Malesiana consists of the countries of Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Brunei, the Philippines, Timor-Leste and Papua New Guinea. The original definition by the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD) covered a similar area, but New Guinea and some offshore islands were split off as Papuasia in its 2001 version.
History of polymerase chain reaction
(This article assumes familiarity with the terms and components used in the PCR process.)

The history of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has variously been described as a classic "Eureka!" moment, or as an example of cooperative teamwork between disparate researchers.  Following is a list of events before, during, and after its development:

Cetus Corporation
Cetus Corporation was one of the first biotechnology companies.  It was established in Berkeley, California, in 1971, but conducted most of its operations in nearby Emeryville. Before merging with Chiron Corporation in 1991 (now a part of Novartis), it developed several significant pharmaceutical drugs as well as a revolutionary DNA amplification technique.
RedeTV! Itumbiara
RedeTV! Itumbiara was a Brazilian television station, based in the municipality of Itumbiara, in the state of Goiás. The station was broadcast on VHF channel 4 and was affiliated with RedeTV!.

Despite the name, it was not a RedeTV! owned-and-operated station. The TV facilities operated at the headquarters of the Folha de Notícias newspaper.

The station went on air in 2009 until it was closed in 2012 by ANATEL, accused of being a pirate TV station.

Television in Brazil
Television in Brazil has grown significantly since the first broadcasts in 18 September 1950, with the (now defunct) Rede Tupi by Assis Chateaubriand, becoming one of the largest and most productive commercial television systems in the world. Its biggest network, TV Globo (founded by Roberto Marinho in 26 April 1965), is the largest commercial network in South America, and is one of the major television exporter globally, particularly of telenovelas, having become popular in many countries. There are more than 90 free-to-air television networks (national and regional), as well as satellite channels broadcasting throughout the country.
Angelina Semjonova
Angelina Semjonova (27 February 1960 – 30 May 2011) was an Estonian actress.

Semjonova was born in 1960 in Kuressaare. Her father was a sailor of Chuvash origin and her mother was Estonian. In 1978, she graduated from the Johannes Lauristin 16th Secondary School. In 1984 he graduated from the Tallinn State Conservatory's Department of Performing Arts.

She was  engaged as an actress at the Estonian Drama Theatre in Tallinn from 1984 until the mid-1990s, with contracted roles until 2001. In addition, she had appeared in productions at the played in Rakvere Theatre, Kuressaare City Theatre, Endla Theatre in Pärnu and the Vanalinnastuudio as well as in film and on television.

Angelina Semjonova died on 30 May 2011 in Tallinn, aged fifty, and was buried in Tallinn's Forest Cemetery.

Chuvash people
The Chuvash people,{{efn|{{ubl|UK: /ˈtʃuːvɑːʃ/ CHOO-vahsh, US: /tʃʊˈvɑːʃ/ chuu-VAHSH|Chuvash: чӑвашсем, romanized: çăvaşsem, pronounced [tɕə̹̆ˈʋaʂsʲɛm]|Russian: чуваши, romanized: čuvaši are a Turkic ethnic group, a branch of the Oğurs, inhabiting an area stretching from the Idel-Ural region to Siberia.

Most of them live in the Russian republic of Chuvashia and the surrounding area, although Chuvash communities may be found throughout Russia as well as in Central Asia. They speak Chuvash, a Turkic language that diverged from other languages in the family more than a millennium ago. Among the Chuvash believers, the majority are Eastern Orthodox Christians although a minority follow Vattisen Yaly or Sunni Islam.
Psalm 14
Psalm 14 is the 14th psalm of the Book of Psalms, beginning in English in the King James Version: "The fool hath said in his heart, There is no God." In the slightly different numbering of the Greek Septuagint and the Latin Vulgate, this psalm is Psalm 13. In Latin, it is also known by its incipit as "Dixit insipiens in corde suo". Its authorship is traditionally assigned to King David. With minor differences, it is nearly identical in content with Psalm 53. Hermann Gunkel dates the psalm to the exile period.

The psalm forms a regular part of Jewish, Catholic, Lutheran, Anglican and other Protestant liturgies. It has been paraphrased in hymns such as Luther's "Es spricht der Unweisen Mund wohl".

Hermann Gunkel
Hermann Gunkel (German: [gʊŋkl̩]; 23 May 1862 – 11 March 1932) was a German Old Testament scholar and the founder of form criticism.  He also became a leading representative of the history of religions school. His major works cover Genesis and the Psalms, and his major interests centered on the oral tradition behind written sources and in folklore.
Hyderabad, Uttar Pradesh
Hyderabad (pronounced [ɦɛːd̪əraːˈbaːd̪] ⓘ) is a town and nagar panchayat in Hasanganj tehsil of Unnao District, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is located on the main Unnao-Sandila road, near its intersection with the road connecting Lucknow and Bangarmau. Major commodities produced in Hyderabad include roasted rice, food products, and earthenware pottery. As of 2011, its population is 7,697 people, in 1,328 households.

Sandila
Sandila  is a town and nagar palika parishad in Hardoi district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It serves as a tehsil headquarters within the district. Located midway between Hardoi and Lucknow, Sandila is a well-connected town with roads leading in all directions and a major broad gauge rail line passing through the south side of town. According to legend, Sandila was the Tapobhumi of the Vedic sage Shandilya. The Shandilya Ashram was located at the temple of Goddess Shitala in western side of the town.

Important industries include sweets — its laddus are especially well-known — as well as beedi production and zardozi work. Sandila Industrial Area have many big industries like Pepsi, British Paints, Berger Paints, Webley & Scott, ITC Limited, Haldiram's.

Sandila is the oldest municipality in Hardoi district, established on 14 July 1868. As of 2011, its population is 58,346, in 9,663 households.
2010 Slovak Super Cup
The 2010 Slovak Super Cup was a football match played by the 2009–10 Slovak Superliga champions MŠK Žilina and the 2009–10 Slovak Cup winners ŠK Slovan Bratislava on July 4, 2010. The match was played in Štadión Pasienky, Slovakia. MŠK Žilina won 4-2 in penalties and earned their fourth Super Cup.

The match was attended by 1,237 viewers. Referee was Pavol Chmura, who was assisted by Erik Weiss and Gabriel Ádám.

Štadión Pasienky
Stadion Pasienky is a multi-purpose stadium in Bratislava, Slovakia. The stadium holds 11,591 people. It is used mostly for football matches and was the home ground of Slovan Bratislava from 2009 to 2018. At present, it is used by Slovan's reserve and from the summer of 2024, Inter Bratislava, which has played there for almost its entire existence, returned to the stadium.  The intensity of the floodlighting is 1,400 lux.
Lidio Andrés Feliz
Lidio Andrés Feliz (born 26 June 1997) is a sprinter from the Dominican Republic. He won three major medals as part of Dominican mixed 4 × 400 metres relays, including silver at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics and gold at the 2022 World Athletics Championships.

Feliz claimed the gold medal in the 400 metres at the 2022 Ibero-American Championships in Athletics.

Athletics at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Athletics at the 2020 Summer Olympics were held during the last ten days of the Games. They were due to be held from 31 July – 9 August 2020, at the Olympic Stadium in Tokyo, Japan.  Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the games were postponed to 2021, with the track and field events set for 30 July – 8 August. The sport of athletics at these Games was split into three distinct sets of events: track and field events, remaining in Tokyo, and road running events and racewalking events, moved to Sapporo. A total of 48 events were held, one more than in 2016, with the addition of a mixed relay event.
Chang Chin-lan (judge)
Chang Chin-lan (Chinese: 張金蘭; pinyin: Zhāng Jīnlán; 1917–1975) was a Taiwanese judge. She was the first female judge in the Republic of China, as well as the first female justice on the Supreme Court of the Republic of China. She became the first female to serve as the Judge of the Judicial Yuan (Constitutional Court) of the Republic of China (Taiwan) in 1970.

Supreme Court (Taiwan)
The Supreme Court (Chinese: 最高法院; pinyin: Zuìgāo Fǎyuàn; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Chòe-ko Hoat-īⁿ) is the court of last resort for civil and criminal cases in Taiwan. It is one of the three final courts in the Judicial Yuan.

Apart from the Supreme Court, the Supreme Administrative Court (最高行政法院) is the final court for administrative litigation, while the Disciplinary Court (惩戒法院) is the final court for misconduct by public officials.
Photinos Panas
Photinos Panas (30 January 1832 – 5 January 1903) was an ophthalmologist born on the Greek island of Cefalonia, then part of the United States of the Ionian Islands.

In 1860 he obtained his medical degree at Paris, where he would later spend his entire medical career. He was the first professor of ophthalmology at the University of Paris, and in 1879 established the ophthalmology clinic at the Hôtel-Dieu de Paris. In 1881 with Edmund Landolt (1846-1926) and Antonin Poncet (1849-1913), he founded the Archives d'ophtalmologie.

In 1894 he published Traité des maladies des yeux, which at the time was considered to be the best French textbook on eye diseases. Panas is credited with introducing an operation for entropion in trichiasis, as well as an operation for attachment of the upper eyelid to the occipitofrontalis muscle for treatment of blepharoptosis. Each of these techniques are sometimes referred to as "Panas' operation" in medical literature.

Occipitofrontalis muscle
The occipitofrontalis muscle (epicranius muscle) is a muscle which covers parts of the skull. It consists of two parts or bellies: the occipital belly, near the occipital bone, and the frontal belly, near the frontal bone. It is supplied by the supraorbital artery, the supratrochlear artery, and the occipital artery. It is innervated by the facial nerve. In humans, the occipitofrontalis helps to create facial expressions.
Big Falls (Missouri River waterfall)
Big Falls (also called Great Falls or Roar of Steam) is a major waterfall located on the Missouri River in western Montana in the United States. It is the lowermost and largest of the Great Falls of the Missouri, at 87 feet (27 m) high and up to 900 feet (270 m) wide at peak flow. Although the falls used to flow powerfully year-round, most of the water is now diverted to the 60 megawatt hydroelectric plant of upstream Ryan Dam, reducing it to a trickle in the summer months. The dam raised the total height of the water to 177 feet.

The Mandan Indians knew of the group of the falls and called them by a descriptive (but not formal) name: Minni-Soze-Tanka-Kun-Ya, or "the great falls." The specific Grand Falls was named by William Clark of the Lewis and Clark Expedition in 1805.

Cottonwoods grow nearby, and the nearby shrubland habitat provides an environment for juniper, mule deer, and eagles. Various species of birds live below the falls.

Juniper
Junipers are coniferous trees and shrubs in the genus Juniperus (/dʒuːˈnɪpərəs/ joo-NIP-ər-əs) of the cypress family Cupressaceae. Depending on the taxonomy, between 50 and 67 species of junipers are widely distributed throughout the Northern Hemisphere as far south as tropical Africa, as far north as the Arctic, and parts of Asia and Central America. The highest-known juniper forest occurs at an altitude of 4,900 metres (16,100 ft) in southeastern Tibet and the northern Himalayas, creating one of the highest tree lines on earth.
Dripsey River
Dripsey River (Irish: Abhainn na Druipsí) is a tributary of the River Lee in County Cork, Ireland. It rises near the Boggeragh Mountains and flows through several villages, including the eponymous Dripsey (Irish: An Druipseach, meaning 'the muddy river'), before joining the River Lee near the Inniscarra Reservoir.

Boggeragh Mountains
The Boggeragh Mountains (Irish: An Bhograch) are located in County Cork, Ireland, with the Munster Blackwater to the north and the River Lee to the south of the hills. With an elevation of 644 m (2,113 ft), the highest peak is Musheramore (Irish: Muisire Mór). The landscape consists of peat blanket bog, grassland, streams and areas of forestry. The mountains were formed from Old Red Sandstone deposited during the Devonian Period. They were shaped by glacial erosion during the last glacial period.

Construction of a wind farm in the area started in September 2009. In February 2010 19 units of Vestas V90-3MW MW wind turbines are up and running.