hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Liquid metal electrode
A liquid metal electrode is an electrode that uses a liquid metal, such as mercury, Galinstan, and NaK. They can be used in electrocapillarity, voltammetry, and impedance measurements.
Liquid metal electrodes of mercury work also as catode in mercury-arc valves.

Potentiostat
A potentiostat is the electronic hardware required to control a three electrode cell and run most electroanalytical experiments.  A Bipotentiostat and polypotentiostat are potentiostats capable of controlling two working electrodes and more than two working electrodes, respectively.

The system functions by maintaining the potential of the working electrode at a constant level with respect to the reference electrode by adjusting the current at an auxiliary electrode. The heart of the different potentiostatic electronic circuits is an operational amplifier (op amp). It consists of an electric circuit which is usually described in terms of simple op amps.
Flavisolibacter ginsengisoli
Flavisolibacter ginsengisoli is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, aerobic and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Flavisolibacter which has been isolated from soil from a ginseng field from Pocheon in Korea.

Ginseng
Ginseng (/ˈdʒɪnsɛŋ/) is the root of plants in the genus Panax, such as South China ginseng (P. notoginseng), Korean ginseng (P. ginseng), and American ginseng (P. quinquefolius), characterized by the presence of ginsenosides and gintonin.

Ginseng has been used in the traditional medicine of Korea and China for centuries, although there is no clinical evidence that it has any therapeutic effects. There is no substantial evidence that ginseng is effective for treating any medical condition and it has not been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat or prevent a disease or to provide a health benefit. Although ginseng is sold as a dietary supplement, inconsistent manufacturing practices for supplements have led to analyses of some ginseng products contaminated with unrelated filler compounds, and its excessive use may have adverse effects or untoward interactions with prescription drugs.
Pentathiepane
Pentathiepanes are organosulfur compounds and sulfur heterocycles with the formula (CH2)2S5.  Three isomers exist depending on the location of the C atoms in the ring.  These compounds are uncommon except for the 1,4-derivative, which is called lenthionine.  It contributes to the aroma of shiitake mushroooms.

More common than the pentathiepanes are pentathiepines, which have a C=C bond in the ring.  Only one isomer exists for this class of rings.

Shiitake
The shiitake, (/ʃɪˈtɑːkeɪ, ˌʃiːɪ-, -ki/; Japanese: [ɕiꜜːtake] ⓘ Chinese, or black mushroom, Lentinula edodes) is a macrofungus native to East Asia and mainland Southeast Asia, which is cultivated and consumed around the globe.
Ángel Maza
Ángel Eduardo Maza (born 18 December 1954) is an Argentine Justicialist Party (PJ) politician. He was the governor of La Rioja Province during several terms, until he was ousted by impeachment in 2007. His sister, Ada Maza, is a national senator.

Maza was educated at the National University of Córdoba and graduated as a geologist, later earning a doctorate. He worked in the geological and mining services of the Government of Argentina and of La Rioja Province.

La Rioja Province, Argentina
La Rioja (Spanish pronunciation: [la ˈrjoxa]), officially Province of La Rioja is a province of Argentina located in the west of the country. The landscape of the province consists of a series of arid to semi-arid mountain ranges and agricultural valleys in between. It is in one of these valleys that the capital of the province, the city of La Rioja, lies. Neighboring provinces are, from the north clockwise, Catamarca, Córdoba, San Luis and San Juan. The Triassic sauropodomorph dinosaur Riojasaurus is named after the province.
Philip Lieberman
Philip Lieberman (October 25, 1934 – July 12, 2022) was a cognitive scientist at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States.  Originally trained in phonetics, he wrote a dissertation on intonation.  His career focused on topics in the evolution of language, and particularly the relationship between the evolution of the vocal tract, the human brain, and the evolution of speech, cognition and language.

Vocal tract
The vocal tract or speech apparatus is the cavity in mammals and in birds where the sound produced at the sound source (larynx in mammals; syrinx in birds) is filtered.

In mammals, it consists of the laryngeal cavity, the pharynx, the oral cavity, and the nasal cavity. In birds, it consists of the trachea, the syrinx, the oral cavity, the upper part of the esophagus, and the beak.

The estimated average length of the vocal tract in men is 16.9 cm and 14.1 cm in women.
Ghanchi Para
Ghanchi Para is a neighbourhood in District South of Karachi, Pakistan. It previously used to be part of Saddar Town.

The name Ghanchi Para literally means Ghanchi quarter, and is home to the Ghanchi community. In addition to the Ghanchi, the area is also home to a number of other Gujarati Muslim communities such as Chhipa, Memon and Tai.

Karachi South District
Karachi District (formerly Karachi South District) (Urdu: ضلع کراچی) is an administrative district of Karachi Division in Sindh, Pakistan, created in 1972. Karachi District had a population of 2,329,764 (2.3 million) as of the 2023 Pakistani census.

In 2023, the Government of Sindh renamed Karachi South District simply to Karachi District because all divisional administration is located there.
Idiopathic chronic fatigue
Idiopathic chronic fatigue (ICF) or chronic idiopathic fatigue or insufficient/idiopathic fatigue is a term used for cases of unexplained fatigue that have lasted at least six consecutive months and which do not meet the criteria for myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome. Such fatigue is widely understood to have a profound effect on the lives of patients who experience it.

Lethargy
Lethargy is a state of tiredness, sleepiness, weariness, fatigue, sluggishness, or lack of energy. It can be accompanied by depression, decreased motivation, or apathy. Lethargy can be a normal response to inadequate sleep, overexertion, overworking, stress, lack of exercise, improper nutrition, drug abuse, boredom, or a symptom of an underlying illness or disorder. It may also be a side effect of medication or caused by an interaction between medications and alcohol. It may also be an altered level of consciousness.

When part of a normal response, lethargy often resolves with rest, adequate sleep, decreased stress, physical exercise, and good nutrition. Its symptoms, however, can last days or even months, so it can be a sign of a recent underlying illness or infection if it does not resolve normally.
Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul
The Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (Portuguese: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS) is a private non-profit Catholic university. With campuses in the Brazilian cities of Porto Alegre and Viamão, it is the largest private university of the state of Rio Grande do Sul and the first university founded by the Catholic religious institute of the Marist Brothers. PUCRS is considered the best private university of Brazil's Southern Region by the Ministry of Education (MEC), and one of the best private universities in the country, with FGV, PUC-Rio and the PUC-SP.

Ministry of Education (Brazil)
The Ministry of Education (Portuguese: Ministério da Educação), commonly known as MEC, originates from its previous name, the Ministry of Education and Culture (Portuguese: Ministério da Educação e Cultura), is a cabinet-level federal ministry of Brazil.

Its responsibilities include coordinating national education policies and managing daily affairs, covering from early childhood education to post-graduate levels.
Haig Open Invitational
The Haig Open Invitational was a golf tournament on the PGA Tour that was held in 1968 at the Mesa Verde Country Club in Costa Mesa, California. Bob Dickson, a 24-year-old Oklahoman, won the event by two strokes over Chi-Chi Rodríguez.

Costa Mesa, California
Costa Mesa (/ˌkoʊstə ˈmeɪsə/ KOH-stə MAY-sə; Spanish for 'Mesa Coast') is a city in Orange County, California, United States. Since its incorporation in 1953, the city has grown from a semi-rural farming community of 16,840 to an urban area including part of the South Coast Plaza–John Wayne Airport edge city, one of the region's largest commercial clusters, with an economy based on retail, commerce, and light manufacturing. The population was 111,918 at the 2020 census.
Computational musicology
Computational musicology is an interdisciplinary research area between musicology and computer science. Computational musicology includes any disciplines that use computation in order to study music. It includes sub-disciplines such as mathematical music theory, computer music, systematic musicology, music information retrieval, digital musicology, sound and music computing, and music informatics. As this area of research is defined by the tools that it uses and its subject matter, research in computational musicology intersects with both the humanities and the sciences. The use of computers in order to study and analyze music generally began in the 1960s, although musicians have been using computers to assist them in the composition of music beginning in the 1950s. Today, computational musicology encompasses a wide range of research topics dealing with the multiple ways music can be represented.

Music and mathematics
Music theory analyzes the pitch, timing, and structure of music. It uses mathematics to study elements of music such as tempo, chord progression, form, and meter. The attempt to structure and communicate new ways of composing and hearing music has led to musical applications of set theory, abstract algebra and number theory.

While music theory has no axiomatic foundation in modern mathematics, the basis of musical sound can be described mathematically (using acoustics) and exhibits "a remarkable array of number properties".
Antoniów, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Antoniów [anˈtɔɲuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bałtów within Ostrowiec County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) north of Bałtów, 17 km (11 mi) north-east of Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski, and 67 km (42 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.

Ostrowiec County
Ostrowiec County (Polish: powiat ostrowiecki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, south-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski, which lies 56 kilometres (35 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce. The county also contains the towns of Ćmielów, lying 10 km (6 mi) south-east of Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski, and Kunów, 9 km (6 mi) west of Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski.

The county covers an area of 616.33 square kilometres (238.0 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 109,512, out of which the population of Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski is 68,641, that of Ćmielów is 3,012, that of Kunów is 2,967, and the rural population is 34,892.
Holte baronets
The Holte Baronetcy, of Aston in the County of Warwick, was a title in the Baronetage of England. It was created on 25 November 1611 for Sir Thomas Holte, of Aston Hall, then in Warwickshire. He was High Sheriff of Warwickshire in 1599 and had been knighted by King James I in 1603. He was succeeded by his grandson, the second Baronet. He was Member of Parliament for Warwickshire. The third and sixth Baronets also represented Warwickshire in Parliament while the fifth Baronet was Member of Parliament for Lichfield. The title became extinct on the death of the sixth Baronet in 1782 and the substantial estate was broken up, under an Act of Parliament of 1817, in order to meet the interests of the various claimants.

Edward Holte, the father of the first Baronet, was High Sheriff of Warwickshire in 1583.

Aston Hall
Aston Hall is a Grade I listed Jacobean house in Aston, Birmingham, England, designed by John Thorpe and built between 1618 and 1635. It is a leading example of the Jacobean prodigy house.

In 1864, the house was bought by Birmingham Corporation, the first historic country house to pass into municipal ownership, and is still owned by Birmingham City Council. It is now a community museum managed by the Birmingham Museums Trust and, following a major renovation completed in 2009, is open to the public.
Vladimir Nikolić
Vladimir Nikolić (1857–1922; Serbian Cyrillic: Владимир Николић) was a Serbian architect notable for his projects built in Vojvodina province. He mostly worked in Neo-renaissance, Neo-romanticic and Serbo-Byzantine Revival styles.

Neo-romanticism
The term neo-romanticism is used to cover a variety of movements in philosophy, literature, music, painting, and architecture, as well as social movements, that exist after and incorporate elements from the era of Romanticism.

It has been used with reference to late-19th-century composers such as Richard Wagner particularly by Carl Dahlhaus who describes his music as "a late flowering of romanticism in a positivist age". He regards it as synonymous with "the age of Wagner", from about 1850 until 1890—the start of the era of modernism, whose leading early representatives were Richard Strauss and Gustav Mahler (Dahlhaus 1979, 98–99, 102, 105). It has been applied to writers, painters, and composers who rejected, abandoned, or opposed realism, naturalism, or avant-garde modernism at various points in time from about 1840 down to the present.
Kitaamabe District, Ōita
Kita-Amabe (北海部郡, Kita-Amabe-gun) was a district located in Ōita Prefecture, Japan.

The district had only the town of Saganoseki until December 31, 2004. But on January 1, 2005, Saganoseki, along with the town of Notsuharu (from Ōita District), was merged into the expanded city of Ōita, and Kita-Amabe District was dissolved as a result of this merger.

Districts of Japan
In Japan, a district (郡, gun) is composed of one or more rural municipalities (towns or villages) within a prefecture. Districts have no governing function, and are only used for geographic or statistical purposes such as mailing addresses. Cities are not part of districts.

Historically, districts have at times functioned as an administrative unit.  From 1878 to 1921 district governments were roughly equivalent to a county of the United States, ranking below prefecture and above town or village, on the same level as a city. District governments were entirely abolished by 1926.
Valamchuzhy
Valamchuzy is a village in the banks of Achankovil river in Pathanamthitta district, Kerala, India. It is in Pramadaom Grama Panchayat of Konni Taluk. The name comes because of the Shri Bhuvaneswari temple which was surrounded by Achankovil river. valam (means go round) + chuzhy (means eddy)= valamchuzhy which indicates the flow of Achankovil river around the Temple. Most of the villagers are farmers.

Pathanamthitta district
Pathanamthitta district (IPA: [pɐt̪ːɐnɐn̪d̪iʈːɐ]), is one of the 14 districts in the Indian state of Kerala. The district headquarters is in the town of Pathanamthitta. There are four municipalities in Pathanamthitta: Adoor, Pandalam, Pathanamthitta and Thiruvalla.  and  Major Towns of Konni, Kozhanchery, Ranni, and Mallappalli.

According to the 2011 Census of India, the population was 1,197,412, making it the third least populous district in Kerala (out of 14), after Wayanad and Idukki. Pathanamthitta has been declared the first polio-free district in India. The district is 10.03% urbanised. The district spans 2,652 km², more than half of which is covered by forest.
Draba burkei
Draba burkei is a species of flowering plant in the family Brassicaceae known by the common names snowbasin draba and Burke's draba. It is endemic to Utah in the United States, where it is known from Box Elder, Cache, Morgan, and Weber Counties. This plant was considered a variety of Draba maguirei until 2004, when it was elevated to species status.

This perennial herb has a branching caudex and forms clumps or mats. The stems are just a few centimeters long. The leaves are located on the caudex and in rosettes at the ends of the branches. The inflorescence is a raceme of up to 10 flowers with yellow petals about half a centimeter long.

This plant grows on outcroppings of quartzite, limestone, and calcareous shale.

One population of this plant had to be dug up and moved to the Denver Botanic Gardens to make way for a ski slope built for the 2002 Winter Olympics.

Weber County, Utah
Weber County (/ˈwiːbər/ WEE-bər) is a county in the U.S. state of Utah. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 262,223, making it Utah's fourth-most populous county. Its county seat and largest city is Ogden, the home of Weber State University. The county was named after a fur trapper John Weber.

Weber County is part of the Ogden-Clearfield metropolitan area as well as the Salt Lake City metropolitan area.
5 viudas sueltas
5 viudas sueltas (English title: Five Widows Loose) is a Colombian telenovela produced and broadcast by Caracol Televisión, with co-production of Sony Pictures Television, starring Coraima Torres, Angélica Blandón, Heidy Bermúdez, Luly Bossa, Andrea Gómez, Diego Cadavid, Ricardo Leguizamo, Ernesto Benjumea and Rodolfo Valdez. It premiered on Caracol Televisión on May 27, 2013 and concluded on January 10, 2014.

Sony Pictures Television
Sony Pictures Television Inc. (abbreviated as SPT) is an American television production and distribution studio and the television arm of Sony Pictures Entertainment, the film studio subsidiary of Sony Group Corporation. Established on September 16, 2002 and based at the Sony Pictures Studios complex in Culver City, California, it is a renaming of the Columbia TriStar Television studio and the fourth and current iteration of what had originated as Columbia Pictures's television studio, Screen Gems.
Asyraf Wajdi Dusuki
Asyraf Wajdi bin Dusuki (Jawi: أشرف وجدي دسوقي, Malay pronunciation: [asyraf wajdi]; born 14 May 1976) is a Malaysian politician who has served as Chairman of the Majlis Amanah Rakyat (MARA) since March 2023. He served as Deputy Minister in the Prime Minister's Department in charge of Islamic Affairs in the Barisan Nasional (BN) administration under former Prime Minister Najib Razak and former Minister Jamil Khir Baharom from July 2015 to the collapse of the BN administration in May 2018 as well as a Senator from May 2014 to his resignation in April 2018. He is a member of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), a component party of the BN coalition. He has also served as the Secretary-General of UMNO since March 2023 and also served as the 14th Youth Chief of UMNO from June 2018 to March 2023.

Deputy Minister in the Prime Minister's Department
The Deputy Minister in the Prime Minister's Department (Malay: Timbalan Menteri di Jabatan Perdana Menteri; Chinese: 首相署副部长; Tamil: பிரதமர் துறையில் துணை அமைச்சர் ) is a Malaysian cabinet position serving as deputy head of the Prime Minister's Department.
Perie
Perie is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Augustine Périé (1832–1892), French Catholic missionary

Bianca Perie (born 1990), Romanian hammer thrower

Hugo Perié (1944–2011), Argentine politician

John Perie (1831–1874), Scottish soldier and Victoria Cross recipient

John Perie
John Perie VC (1831 – 17 September 1874) was a Scottish recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.
Thủ Dầu Một, Ho Chi Minh City
Thủ Dầu Một (Vietnamese: Phường Thủ Dầu Một) is a ward of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. It is one of the 168 new wards, communes and special zones of the city following the reorganization in 2025.

Thủ Dầu Một was the historic city centre of Thủ Dầu Một, the ward area was also the capital of the same name province during the French Indochina (this whole province then was later named as Sông Bé province after 1975) then was the capital of Bình Dương province during the Republic of Vietnam and during 1997–2025, after it was re-established by aparting from Sông Bé province.

Ward (Vietnam)
Ward (Vietnamese: phường) is a type of second tier subdivision of Vietnam. As of 1 July 2025, Vietnam has a total of 687 wards.

According to hierarchy of Vietnamese administrative unit, wards are subordinate to provinces and municipalities as the second tier unit.

Currently, to manage the urban areas and their associating families, each ward is divided into neighborhoods (Vietnamese: khu phố; transl. "quarter"), with each neighborhood the most basic organization of population.
Makówiec Duży
Makówiec Duży [maˈkuvjɛt͡s ˈduʐɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dobre, within Mińsk County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

Rector of the Jan Matejko Academy of Fine Arts in Kraków, a renowned sculptor Konstanty Laszczka of the Young Poland Movement, was born in Makówiec Duży in 1865.

Mińsk County
Mińsk County (Polish: powiat miński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Masovian Voivodeship, east-central Poland. It was (re)created on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Mińsk Mazowiecki, which lies 39 kilometres (24 mi) east of Warsaw. The county contains three other towns: Sulejówek, 21 km (13 mi) west of Mińsk Mazowiecki, Halinów, 16 km (10 mi) west of Mińsk Mazowiecki, and Kałuszyn, 17 km (11 mi) east of Mińsk Mazowiecki.

The county covers an area of 1,164.35 square kilometres (449.6 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 150,480, out of which the population of Mińsk Mazowiecki is 40,836, that of Sulejówek is 19,766, that of Halinów is 3,739, that of Kałuszyn is 2,899, and the rural population is 82,638.
America's Got Talent season 13
The thirteenth season of American talent show competition series America's Got Talent was broadcast on NBC from May 29 to September 19, 2018. There were no major changes to the program during the season; the guest judges for this season's Judge Cuts episodes were Ken Jeong, Olivia Munn, Martina McBride, and Chris Hardwick.

The thirteenth season was won by close-up magician Shin Lim, with acrobatic group Zurcaroh finishing second, and electric violinist Brian King Joseph placing third. During its broadcast, the season averaged around 11.15 million viewers.

Talent show
A talent show or talent contest is an event in which participants perform the arts of singing, dancing, lip-syncing, acting, martial arts, playing an instrument, poetry, comedy or other activities to showcase skills. Many talent shows are performances rather than contests, but some are actual contests. In the instance of a contest, participants may be motivated to perform for a reward, trophy, or prize of some kind. For example, a high school might not have many students with any interest in performing in front of the student body for the sole purpose of performing alone and may offer different prizes as an incentive for these students to participate in the contest.