hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chicken manure
Chicken manure is the feces of chickens used as an organic fertilizer, especially for soil low in nitrogen. Of all animal manures, it has the highest amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Chicken manure is sometimes pelletized for use as a fertilizer, and this product may have additional phosphorus, potassium or nitrogen added. Optimal storage conditions for chicken manure include keeping it in a covered area and retaining its liquid, because a significant amount of nitrogen exists in the urine.

Fresh chicken manure contains 0.5% to 0.9% nitrogen, 0.4% to 0.5% phosphorus, and 1.2% to 1.7% potassium. One chicken produces approximately 8 to 11 pounds (3.6 to 5.0 kg) of manure monthly. Chicken manure can be used to create homemade plant fertilizer.

Organic fertilizer
Organic fertilizers are fertilizers that are naturally produced.  Fertilizers are materials that can be added to soil or plants, in order to provide nutrients and sustain growth. Typical organic fertilizers include all animal waste including meat processing waste, manure, slurry, and guano; plus plant based fertilizers such as compost; and biosolids. Inorganic "organic fertilizers" include minerals and ash. Organic refers to the Principles of Organic Agriculture, which determines whether a fertilizer can be used for commercial organic agriculture, not whether the fertilizer consists of organic compounds. Difference countries have difference criteria on how things receive Organic Certification.
Homological mirror symmetry
Homological mirror symmetry is a mathematical conjecture made by Maxim Kontsevich. It seeks a systematic mathematical explanation for a phenomenon called mirror symmetry first observed by physicists studying string theory.

Symplectic geometry
Symplectic geometry is a branch of differential geometry and differential topology that studies symplectic manifolds; that is, differentiable manifolds equipped with a closed, nondegenerate 2-form. Symplectic geometry has its origins in the Hamiltonian formulation of classical mechanics where the phase space of certain classical systems takes on the structure of a symplectic manifold.
Rhode Island Eagles
The Rhode Island Eagles are a defunct professional ice hockey team which played in the Eastern Hockey League during the 1972–73 season. Based in Woonsocket, Rhode Island, they played their home games in the Mount St. Charles Arena. The team was affiliated with the Chicago Cougars of the World Hockey Association.

Coached by Larry Kish, the Eagles failed to make the playoffs in their only season of play with a record of 32 wins, 35 losses, and 9 ties.

Chicago Cougars
The Chicago Cougars were a professional ice hockey team in Chicago. They competed in the World Hockey Association from 1972 to 1975. The Cougars played their home games in the International Amphitheatre.
Tsuwano Domain
Tsuwano Domain (津和野藩, Tsuwano-han) was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, in what is now western Shimane Prefecture. It was centered around Tsuwano Castle and was ruled by the tozama daimyō Kamei clan for most of its history. A number of influential persons in the early Meiji government came from Tsuwano, including Mori Ōgai and Nishi Amane.

Abolition of the han system
The abolition of the han system (廃藩置県, haihan-chiken) in the Empire of Japan and its replacement by a system of prefectures in 1871 was the culmination of the Meiji Restoration begun in 1868, the starting year of the Meiji period. Under the reform, all daimyos (大名, daimyō, feudal lords) were required to return their authority to the Emperor Meiji and his house. The process was accomplished in several stages, resulting in a new centralized government of Meiji Japan and the replacement of the old feudal system with a new oligarchy.
Foreign Reports
Foreign Reports Inc. is a Washington, D.C.–based consulting firm for the oil industry, founded in 1956. Foreign Reports advises energy companies, governments, and financial institutions on world energy issues, with a specialization on the Middle East. The president of the firm is Nathaniel Kern.

Price of oil
The price of oil, or the oil price, generally refers to the spot price of a barrel (159 litres) of benchmark crude oil—a reference price for buyers and sellers of crude oil such as West Texas Intermediate (WTI), Brent Crude, Dubai Crude, OPEC Reference Basket, Tapis crude, Bonny Light, Urals oil, Isthmus, and Western Canadian Select (WCS). Oil prices are determined by global supply and demand, rather than any country's domestic production level.
Zagreb Cable Car
The Zagreb Cable Car, also known as Cable Car Sljeme, is a gondola lift in Zagreb, Croatia. Opened in February 2022, it runs from the Podsljeme district to Sljeme, the highest peak of the Medvednica mountain.

Gondola lift
A gondola lift (cable car) is a means of cable transport and type of aerial lift which is supported and propelled by cables from above. It consists of a loop of steel wire rope that is strung between two stations, sometimes over intermediate supporting towers. The cable is driven by a bullwheel in a terminal, which is typically connected to an engine or electric motor. It is often considered a continuous system since it features a haul rope which continuously moves and circulates around two terminal stations. In contrast, an aerial tramway operates solely with fixed grips and simply shuttles back and forth between two end terminals.

The capacity, cost, and functionality of a gondola lift will differ dramatically depending on the combination of cables used for support and haulage and the type of grip (detachable or fixed). Because of the proliferation of such systems in the Alps, the Italian: Cabinovia and French: Télécabine are also used in English-language texts.
Central Highlands terrane
The Central Highlands terrane in Scotland, also known as the Grampian terrane, is a sequence of early Paleozoic metamorphic rocks containing many igneous intrusions. It stretches from the Great Glen Fault, south-east down to the Highland Boundary.

The terrane contains mostly gabbro and gneiss that show intrusions of granite and dolerite. Limestones in the region also contain many fossils such as trilobites and brachiopods.

Gneiss
Gneiss (/naɪs/ NYSE) is a common and widely distributed type of metamorphic rock. It is formed by high-temperature and high-pressure metamorphic processes acting on formations composed of igneous or sedimentary rocks. This rock is formed under pressures ranging from 2 to 15 kbar, sometimes even more, and temperatures over 300 °C (572 °F). Gneiss nearly always shows a banded texture characterized by alternating darker and lighter colored bands and without a distinct cleavage.

Gneisses are common in the ancient crust of continental shields. Some of the oldest rocks on Earth are gneisses, such as the Acasta Gneiss.
Karet (Transjakarta)
Karet is a Transjakarta bus rapid transit station located on Jenderal Sudirman Street in Jakarta, Indonesia, located in the borderline between Karet, Setiabudi, South Jakarta and Karet Tengsin, Tanah Abang, Central Jakarta. The station serves Corridor 1 that runs from the north to the south.

Originally, there used to be the Setiabudi BRT station (not to be confused with the existing station of the same name that serves Corridor 6) that was located after this station for northbound buses. However, it was demolished during the MRT construction, and was never rebuilt.

Tanah Abang
Tanah Abang (lit. 'Redland(s)') is a district of Central Jakarta, Indonesia. The district hosts the biggest textile market in Southeast Asia, Tanah Abang Market. It also hosts Gelora Bung Karno Stadium in Kelurahan Gelora and the western half of the largely skyscraper-dominated Sudirman Central Business District.
19th Motor Rifle Division
The 19th Voronezh-Shumlinskaya Red Banner Order of Suvorov and Red Banner of Labor Motor Rifle Division (Russian: 19-я мотострелковая Воронежско-Шумлинская Краснознамённая, орденов Суворова и Трудового Красного Знамени дивизия, romanized: 19-ya motostrelkovaya Voronezhsko-Shumlinskaya Krasnoznamonnaya, ordenov Suvorova i Trudovogo Krasnogo Znameni diviziya), is a division of the Russian Ground Forces. It appears to have been formed originally in July 1922 at Tambov in the Moscow Military District as a territorial formation. In 1923, it was awarded the "Tambov" placename and renamed the 19th Voronezh Rifle Division. The division was downsized to a brigade in 2009 and reestablished as a division in 2020.

24th Army (Soviet Union)
The 24th Army (Russian: 24-я армия) was a field army of the Soviet Union's Red Army, formed in 1941 and active during the Second World War. The army was disbanded and reformed a number of times during the war.
James C. Loving
James C. Loving (1836–1902) was an American cattleman and rancher in Texas. He raised "the largest purebred shorthorn herd" in the United States by the end of the nineteenth century. He was a co-founder of the Texas and Southwestern Cattle Raisers Association and served as its secretary for twenty-seven years.

Parker County, Texas
Parker County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 148,222. The county seat is Weatherford. The county was created in 1855 and organized the following year. It is named for Isaac Parker, a state legislator who introduced the bill that established the county in 1855. Parker later fought in the Texas Brigade.

Parker County is included in the Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington metropolitan statistical area.
Japanese submarine I-61
I-61 was a Kaidai-class cruiser submarine of the KD4 sub-class built for the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) during the 1920s. She sank in an October 1941 collision, just prior to Japan's entry into World War II.

Kaidai-type submarine
The Kaidai-type submarine (海大型潜水艦, Kaidai-gata sensuikan) was a type of first-class submarine operated by the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) before and during World War II. The type name was shortened to Kaigun-shiki Ōgata Sensuikan (海軍式大型潜水艦) Navy Large Type Submarine.

All Kaidai-class submarines originally had a two-digit boat name, from I-51 onwards. On 20 May 1942, all Kaidai submarines added a '1' to their names. For example, I-52 became I-152. Ships are listed by the three-digit boat name if they had one, two-digit if they were not granted one or left service before 20 May 1942.
Rhythm & Blues (Buddy Guy album)
Rhythm & Blues is the 16th studio album by American blues musician Buddy Guy. It was released in July 2013 under RCA Records. Rhythm & Blues marked Guy's largest first week sales in the Soundscan Era, and was his fourth album to reach No. 1 on the Top Blues Albums Chart (following 2010's Living Proof, 2008's Skin Deep, and 2001's Sweet Tea).

Sweet Tea (album)
Sweet Tea is the 11th studio album by American blues artist Buddy Guy, released in 2001 on Silvertone/Jive label. It was  nominated for 2001 Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Blues Album. It includes four songs by Junior Kimbrough, who had died in 1998.
Christiaan Heij
Christiaan Heij (born 1950s) is a Dutch mathematician, an assistant  professor in statistics and econometrics at the Econometric Institute at the Erasmus University Rotterdam. He is known for his work in the field of mathematical systems theory, and econometrics.

Jan Camiel Willems
Jan Camiel Willems (18 September 1939 – 31 August 2013) was a Belgian mathematical system theorist who has done most of his scientific work while residing in the Netherlands and the United States. He is most noted for the introduction of the notion of a dissipative system and for the development of the behavioral approach to systems theory.
Tabernas Desert
The Tabernas Desert (Spanish: Desierto de Tabernas) is a desert located within Spain's south-eastern province of Almería. It is in the interior, about 30 kilometers (19 mi) north of the provincial capital Almería, in the Tabernas municipality in Andalusia. Tabernas is the only desert within Europe, since most of its area has a desert climate.

Due to its high elevation and mountainous location, it has slightly higher annual precipitation (more than 220 mm (8.7 in) per year) than coastal areas of Almeria. It is a nature reserve (protected area) that spans 280 square kilometers (110 square miles).

The desert of Tabernas.

View of the Badlands on the Granada Plateau.

Somewhere in the Tabernas Desert. January 2017.

The Tabernas Desert is located between the Sierra de los Filabres to the north, the Sierra Alhamilla to the south-southeast and the Sierra Nevada to the west.

Sierra de Los Filabres
Sierra de Los Filabres is the largest mountain range in Almería Province, Andalusia, Spain, measuring 50 km (31 mi) in length.

Its highest point, Calar Alto, also hosts an important astronomical observatory.
Hilal (İzmir Metro)
Hilal is an elevated station on the M1 Line of the İzmir Metro in Konak. Located above the Turkish State Railways' Hilal junction, it is one of the ten original stations of the metro system. Connection to İZBAN commuter trains are available at Hilal railway station. Since Hilal is located in the middle of a railway junction, no direct connections to ESHOT city bus service is available. The closest bus stop is located on 1396th Street about 460 m (1,510 ft) northwest of the station.

Hilal station was opened on 22 May 2000.

Konak, İzmir
Konak is a municipality and district of İzmir Province, Turkey. Its area is 24 km2, and its population is 332,277 (2022). It is the most densely populated of the thirty districts of İzmir, and has historically acted as the administrative and economic core of the city. Situated in an area that roughly corresponds to the geographic center of İzmir, Konak extends for 11.4 kilometres (7 miles) along the southern coastline of the Gulf of İzmir. Konak district area neighbors the district areas of Bornova to the east, Balçova to the west and Buca and Karabağlar to the south. Konak center is connected to other districts of İzmir and beyond by a dense network of roads and railroads, as well as by a subway line currently being largely extended and by ferry services to Karşıyaka. Konak is a very active hub of industry, trade, commerce and services, with the number of companies exceeding sixty thousand and its exports nearing two billion US dollars in 2006.
Skorefjell
Skorefjell (66°27′S 53°57′E﻿ / ﻿66.450°S 53.950°E﻿ / -66.450; 53.950) is a mountain, 1,520 m, standing 17 kilometres (9 nmi) northeast of Stor Hanakken Mountain in the Napier Mountains in Enderby Land. It was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from air photos taken by the Lars Christensen Expedition of 1936–37 and was named Skorefjell.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Skorefjell". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Stor Hånakken Mountain
Stor Hånakken Mountain (also Mount Bennett) (66°32′S 53°38′E﻿ / ﻿66.533°S 53.633°E﻿ / -66.533; 53.633) is a prominent mountain, 1,970 m, standing in the central part of the Napier Mountains in Enderby Land. The mountain was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from aerial photographs taken in January–February 1937 by the Lars Christensen expedition and named by them Store Hånakken (the great shark's neck, or nape). It was visited in 1960 by an ANARE (Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions) party led by Sydney L. Kirkby.
Abdulaziz Al-Gheilani
Abdulaziz Mubarak Zayid Al-Gheilani (Arabic: عَبْد الْعَزِيز مُبَارَك زَايِد الْغَيْلَانِيّ; born 14 May 1995) is an Omani professional footballer who plays as a right-back for Al-Nahda and the Oman national team.

2022 AFC Cup
The 2022 AFC Cup was the 19th edition of the AFC Cup, Asia's secondary club football tournament organized by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC).

This season was the last in an all-year-round (spring-to-autumn) schedule; from 2023 the competition was switched to an autumn-to-spring schedule.

Bahraini club Al-Muharraq were the title holders, having won their second AFC Cup title in 2021. As they failed to obtain the AFC license, they did not defend their title. Al-Seeb of Oman won its first continental title. They automatically qualified for the 2023–24 AFC Champions League and entered the qualifying play-offs, since Omani teams were unable to qualify through domestic performance.
Kolonia Dąbrówka
Kolonia Dąbrówka [kɔˈlɔɲa dɔmˈbrufka] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tarłów, within Opatów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) east of Tarłów, 33 km (21 mi) north-east of Opatów, and 81 km (50 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.

Tarłów
Tarłów [ˈtarwuf] is a village (a town in 1550–1870) in Opatów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Tarłów. It lies approximately 30 km (19 mi) north-east of Opatów and 79 km (49 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce. It is approximately 13 km (8 mi) north of the town of Ożarów. The village belongs to historic province of Lesser Poland.
Episcopal Seminary of Crema
The Episcopal Seminary of Crema is the diocese's institution for the training of future priests. Although the figure of the rector is still present since 2018 theological studies are carried out in interdiocesan seminaries.

Alfredo Ildefonso Schuster
Alfredo Ildefonso Schuster, O.S.B. (Italian pronunciation: [alˈfreːdo ildeˈfɔnso ʃˈʃuster], German: [ˈʃuːstɐ]; born Alfredo Ludovico Schuster; 18 January 1880 – 30 August 1954) was an Italian Catholic prelate and professed member of the Benedictines who served as the Archbishop of Milan from 1929 until his death. He took the religious name of Ildefonso as a Benedictine monk and served as an abbot prior to his elevation to the cardinalate.

He led the Milanese archdiocese during World War II and was known to have supported fascism at first. His views changed to opposition after the annexation of Austria and the introduction of Italian racial laws, which prompted vocal criticisms of anti-Christian aspects of Benito Mussolini's regime.

Schuster's beatification was celebrated in mid-1996 in Saint Peter's Square.
Adams resolution
In mathematics, specifically algebraic topology, there is a resolution analogous to free resolutions of spectra yielding a tool for constructing the Adams spectral sequence. Essentially, the idea is to take a connective spectrum of finite type  and iteratively resolve with other spectra that are in the homotopy kernel of a map resolving the cohomology classes in  using Eilenberg–MacLane spectra.

This construction can be generalized using a spectrum , such as the Brown–Peterson spectrum , or the complex cobordism spectrum , and is used in the construction of the Adams–Novikov spectral sequencepg 49.

Algebraic topology
Algebraic topology is a branch of mathematics that uses tools from abstract algebra to study topological spaces. The basic goal is to find algebraic invariants that classify topological spaces up to homeomorphism, though usually most classify up to homotopy equivalence.

Although algebraic topology primarily uses algebra to study topological problems, using topology to solve algebraic problems is sometimes also possible. Algebraic topology, for example, allows for a convenient proof that any subgroup of a free group is again a free group.
Thyrea confusa
Thyrea confusa is a species of cyanolichen in the family Lichinaceae. The species was formally described in 1990 to provide a correct name for Mediterranean rock-dwelling lichens that had been previously misidentified under an incorrect species name. Thyrea confusa grows as dark, lobed patches on moist calcareous rock faces, typically in Mediterranean climates, and reproduces through both spores and tiny vegetative outgrowths that allow it to spread asexually. The species has a scattered but wide distribution across southern Europe, western Asia, and North America, occurring on limestone and other base-rich rock substrates where cyanolichen communities are common.

Lichinaceae
The Lichinaceae are a family of ascomycete fungi in the order Lichinales. Most species are lichenized with cyanobacteria, and have a distribution largely in temperate regions. In a 2024 molecular phylogenetics-informed revision, the circumscription of Lichinaceae was narrowed and the class Lichinomycetes was re‑structured into four families (three emended and one new), with many genera moved to Porocyphaceae, Phylliscaceae, or the newly erected Lichinellaceae. The family contain about 125 species in roughly 25 genera.
Jefferson Highway
The Jefferson Highway was an automobile highway stretching through the central United States from New Orleans, Louisiana, to Winnipeg, Manitoba in Canada. The Jefferson Highway was replaced with the new numbered US Highway system in the late 1920s. Portions of the highway are still named Jefferson Highway, including the portions that run through Jefferson Parish, Louisiana; East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana; Lee's Summit, Missouri; Osseo, Minnesota; and Wadena, Minnesota.

It was built in the 1910s as part of the National Auto Trail system.

Named for President Thomas Jefferson, inspired by the east–west Lincoln Highway, it was nicknamed the "Palm to Pine Highway", for the varying types of trees found at either end.

Auto trail
The system of auto trails was an informal network of marked routes that existed in the United States and Canada in the early part of the 20th century.  Marked with colored bands on utility poles, the trails were intended to help travellers in the early days of the automobile.

Auto trails were usually marked and sometimes maintained by organizations of private individuals. Some, such as the Lincoln Highway, maintained by the Lincoln Highway Association, were well-known and well-organized, while others were the work of fly-by-night promoters, to the point that anyone with enough paint and the will to do so could set up a trail. Trails were not usually linked to road improvements, although counties and states often prioritized road improvements because they were on trails.

In the mid-to-late 1920s, the auto trails were essentially replaced with the United States Numbered Highway System.  The Canadian provinces had also begun implementing similar numbering schemes.
Melkari-ye Sharqi Rural District
Melkari-ye Sharqi Rural District (Persian: دهستان ملکاری شرقی) is in Zab District of Mirabad County, West Azerbaijan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Nuaveh, whose population at the time of the 2016 National Census was 299 in 72 households.

Central District (Mirabad County)
The Central District of Mirabad County (Persian: بخش مرکزی شهرستان میرآباد) is in West Azerbaijan province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Mirabad.

In 2022, Vazineh District was separated from Sardasht County in the establishment of Mirabad County and renamed the Central District. The new county was divided into two districts of two rural districts each, with Mirabad as its capital and only city at the time.