hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2014–15 Hong Kong League Cup final
The 2014–15 Hong Kong League Cup final was a football match that took place on 22 April 2015 at Mong Kok Stadium, Hong Kong. It was the final match of the 2014–15 Hong Kong League Cup, a football competition for the teams in the Hong Kong Premier League.

Hong Kong League Cup
Hong Kong Football Association League Cup (Chinese: 香港足球總會聯賽盃) is an annual football competition contested by clubs in the top-tier Hong Kong domestic football league. The cup had been abolished several times before being relaunched in a new format for the 2025–26 season.
Nicholas Buckland
Nicholas "Nick" Buckland (born 9 June 1989) is a former English competitive ice dancer who represented Great Britain. With partner Penny Coomes, he is the 2014 European bronze medalist and has won six other international medals. They are also five-time British national champions (2012–2014, 2016, 2018), and they have also competed three-times at the Winter Olympics in 2010, 2014 and 2018.

Golden Spin of Zagreb
The Golden Spin of Zagreb (Croatian: Zlatna pirueta Zagreba) is an annual figure skating competition sanctioned by the International Skating Union (ISU), organized and hosted by the Croatian Skating Federation (Croatian: Hrvatski klizački savez) at the Klizalište Velesajam in Zagreb, Croatia. The competition debuted in 1967 when Zagreb was part of Yugoslavia. It was suspended in 1991 owing to the Croatian War of Independence, but continued as a Croatian event beginning in 1992. When the ISU launched the Challenger Series in 2014, the Golden Spin of Zagreb was one of the inaugural competitions. It has been a Challenger Series event ever since, except for 2020, when it was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Medals are awarded in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance; and when the event is part of the Challenger Series, skaters earn World Standing points based on their results.
Incoming (1998 video game)
Incoming is a 3D shooter video game developed and published by Rage Software. The game was first released for Microsoft Windows in mid-1998, and was followed by a Dreamcast version, which was released in Japan on December 17, 1998, in Europe on October 14, 1999, and in North America on September 15, 1999. Set in the near-future of 2009, the game primarily revolves around controlling vehicles and turrets to fight alien invaders of Earth in one of the campaign modes, the arcade mode, and with or against another player. Some levels include brief real-time strategy segments.

Praised for its then-advanced graphics and sound, the game was generally well-received on the PC, though the critical response was less positive for the Dreamcast version. A sequel entitled Incoming Forces was released in 2002 exclusively for the PC. An arcade version of the game, utilising a unique hardware interface, was released in 2003.

Split screen (computing)
Split screen is a display technique in computer graphics that consists of dividing graphics and/or text into non-overlapping adjacent parts, typically as two or four rectangular areas. This allows for the simultaneous presentation of (usually) related graphical and textual information on a computer display. TV sports adopted this presentation methodology in the 1960s for instant replay.

Non-dynamic split screens differ from windowing systems in that the latter allowed overlapping and freely movable parts of the screen (the "windows") to present both related and unrelated application data to the user. In contrast, split-screen views are strictly limited to fixed positions.

The split screen technique can also be used to run two instances of an application, potentially allowing another user to interact with the second instance.
Dinosaur vision
Dinosaur vision was, in general, better than the vision of most other reptiles, although vision varied between dinosaur species. Coelurosaurs, for example, had good stereoscopic or binocular vision, whereas large carnosaurs had poor binocular vision, comparable to that of modern alligators.  Recent evidence has also shown that some species possessed highly specialized color and night vision.

Tetrachromacy
Tetrachromacy (from Ancient Greek tetra, meaning "four" and chroma, meaning "color") is the condition of possessing four independent channels for conveying color information, or possessing four types of cone cell in the eye. Organisms with tetrachromacy are called tetrachromats.

In tetrachromatic organisms, the sensory color space is four-dimensional, meaning that matching the sensory effect of arbitrarily chosen spectra of light within their visible spectrum requires mixtures of at least four primary colors.

Tetrachromacy is demonstrated among several species of birds, fish, and reptiles. The common ancestor of all vertebrates was a tetrachromat, but a common ancestor of mammals lost two of its four kinds of cone cell, evolving dichromacy, a loss ascribed to the conjectured nocturnal bottleneck. Some primates then later evolved a third cone.
Montgérain
Montgérain (French pronunciation: [mɔ̃ʒeʁɛ̃]) is a commune in the Oise department in northern France.

Montgérain is located 40 km northeast of Beauvais and 23 km northwest of Compiègne. 
Its nearest neighbors are Saint-Martin-aux-Bois, Coivrel, and Ménévillers.
Other neighboring communities are Tricot to the north, Maignelay-Montigny to the northwest, and Wacquemoulin to the south.

Compiègne
Compiègne (French pronunciation: [kɔ̃pjɛɲ] ⓘ; Picard: Compiène) is a commune in the Oise department of northern France. It is located on the river Oise,  and its inhabitants are called Compiégnois ([kɔ̃pjeɲwa]).
Franciszka Arnsztajnowa
Franciszka Hanna Arnsztajnowa (Polish pronunciation: [fraɲˈt͡ɕiʂka arnʂtajˈnɔva]; née Meyerson; 19 February 1865 – August 1942) was a Polish poet, playwright, and translator of Jewish descent. Much of her creative oeuvre falls within the Young Poland period, stylistically encompassing the twilight of neo-romanticism.  She is called "the legend of Lublin".

Literary magazine
A literary magazine is a periodical devoted to literature in a broad sense. Literary magazines usually publish a mix of fiction and non-fiction. Short stories and poetry are common literary forms published, but some magazines may publish serial literature—a novel which is revealed in sections over multiple issues. Non-fiction writing may be from staff of the literary magazine to make commentary about their magazine or about culture related to literature. Non-fiction from contributors may take the form of essays, literary criticism, book reviews, biographical profiles of authors, interviews, and letters. Literary magazines are often called literary journals (or little magazines) to contrast them with larger, commercial magazines.
Monklands (district)
55°49′44″N 3°55′19″W﻿ / ﻿55.829°N 3.922°W﻿ / 55.829; -3.922

Monklands (Bad nam Manach in Scottish Gaelic) was, between 1975 and 1996, one of nineteen local government districts in the Strathclyde region of Scotland.

Local government areas of Scotland (1975–1996)
The local government areas of Scotland were redefined by the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973 and redefined again by the Local Government etc (Scotland) Act 1994.

The 1973 Act created a system of nine two-tier regions and three islands areas, and this system completely replaced local government counties and burghs in 1975. The new regions were generally very different from the counties which had been in use since  the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1889. Also, the districts were very different from the subdivisions of counties, also called districts, which had been in use since the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1929.
2022 University of California academic workers' strike
The 2022 University of California academic workers' strike was a labor strike at all campuses of the University of California (UC) system, including the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. On November 14, some 48,000 academic workers went on strike for better pay and benefits. Led by the United Auto Workers (UAW) labor union, it was the largest strike in the United States in 2022; union organizers describe it as the largest strike in all of U.S. higher education.

In reaction to the strike, the UC reached tentative agreements with around 12,000 postdoctoral and academic researchers on November 29. On December 9, the contracts were ratified. On December 16, under mediation by Sacramento mayor Darrell Steinberg, the UC reached tentative agreements with around 36,000 academic student employees and student researchers, and the contracts were put to ratification votes by membership. On December 23, the union members voted to ratify both of the remaining contracts and end the strike.

International Brotherhood of Teamsters
The International Brotherhood of Teamsters (IBT) is a labor union in the United States and Canada. Formed in 1903 by the merger of the Team Drivers International Union and the Teamsters National Union, the union now represents a diverse membership of blue- and white-collar workers in both the public and private sectors, totalling about 1.3 million members in 2015. The union was formerly called the International Brotherhood of Teamsters, Chauffeurs, Warehousemen and Helpers of America.
Rhea Dimaculangan
Rhea Katrina Karla Dimaculangan-Villarete (born March 21, 1991) is a Filipino former professional volleyball player. Villarete played setter for and was a former captain of the UST Golden Tigresses. She is also a former of the Philippines women's national team.

2009 Shakey's V-League 2nd Conference
The 2009 Shakey's V-League 2nd Conference was the tenth conference of the Shakey's V-League and the second conference of the 2009 season. It was held in October 2009 at the Filoil Flying V Arena. Second Conference shall be governed by the FIVB Official Volleyball Rules. The participating teams are the same as at the last conference, but without the two Visayan teams.
O'Driscoll's Irish Whiskey Juvenile Hurdle
The Donohue Marquees Juvenile Hurdle is a Grade 2 National Hunt novice hurdle race in Ireland which is open to horses aged four years only. 
It is run at Fairyhouse over a distance of 2 miles (3,218 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year at the course's Easter Festival.

The race was awarded Grade 3 status in 2008, later raised to Grade 2 in 2016. Prior to 2015 it was sponsored by Tayto, and in 2015 and 2016 it was sponsored by R E A Grimes Property Consultants. The sponsors of the 2017 and 2018 runnings were Avoca Handweavers and from 2019 to 2021 the race was sponsored by the Rathbarry and Glenview Studs. Since 2022 the sponsors are Donohue Marquees.

Fairyhouse Racecourse
Fairyhouse Racecourse is a horse racing venue in Ireland. It is situated in the parish of Ratoath in County Meath, on the R155 regional road, 3 kilometres (2 mi) off the N3. It hosted its first race in 1848 and since 1870 has been the home of the Irish Grand National steeplechase.

The racetrack itself is a one-mile and 6.5 furlong right-handed circuit, with a 2.5 furlong straight and a slight uphill finish. The main business of Fairyhouse racecourse is betting on the races known traditionally in parts of Ireland as turf accountancy. Admission to Fairyhouse race meetings is free to under-16s along with various other promotions such as concession rates for OAPs and seasonal festivals (i.e. Winter Festival, Easter Festival etc.) It also hosted the first three Witnness music festivals from 2000 to 2002 inclusive.
Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs
Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs (CAAHEP) is an accreditation agency for postsecondary education programs in 30 health science fields.

Programmatic accreditation is granted after an education program is reviewed and it is determined that the program is in compliance with the profession's accreditation Standards. A not-for-profit organization, CAAHEP is recognized by the Council for Higher Education Accreditation (CHEA). It is based in Clearwater, Florida.

Exercise physiology
Exercise physiology is the physiology of physical exercise. It is one of the allied health professions, and involves the study of the acute responses and chronic adaptations to exercise. Exercise physiologists are the highest qualified exercise professionals and utilise education, lifestyle intervention and specific forms of exercise to rehabilitate and manage acute and chronic injuries and conditions.

Understanding the effect of exercise involves studying specific changes in muscular, cardiovascular, and neurohormonal systems that lead to changes in functional capacity and strength due to endurance training or strength training. The effect of training on the body has been defined as the reaction to the adaptive responses of the body arising from exercise or as "an elevation of metabolism produced by exercise".

Exercise physiologists study the effect of exercise on pathology, and the mechanisms by which exercise can reduce or reverse disease progression.
Virginia State Capitol
The Virginia State Capitol is the seat of state government of the Commonwealth of Virginia, located in Richmond, the state capital. It houses the oldest elected legislative body in North America, the Virginia General Assembly, first established as the House of Burgesses in 1619.

The Capitol was conceived of by Thomas Jefferson and Charles-Louis Clérisseau in France, based on the Maison Carrée in Nîmes. Construction began in 1785 and was completed in 1788. The current Capitol is the eighth built to serve as Virginia's statehouse, primarily due to fires during the Colonial period. The building also served as the capitol of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War from 1861 to 1865. In the early 20th century, two wings were added, leading to its present appearance. In 1960, it was designated a National Historic Landmark.

William Smith (Virginia governor)
William "Extra Billy" Smith (September 6, 1797 – May 18, 1887) was a lawyer, congressman, the 30th and 35th Governor of Virginia, and a major general in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. On his appointment in January 1863, at 65, Smith was the oldest Confederate general to hold field command in the war.
Semiotics of photography
Semiotics is the study of meaning-making on the basis of signs. Semiotics of photography is the observation of symbolism used within photography or "reading" the picture. This article refers to realistic, unedited photographs not those that have been manipulated in any way.
Roland Barthes was one of the first people to study the semiotics of images. He developed a way to understand the meaning of images. Most of Barthes' studies related to advertising, but his concepts can apply to photography as well.

Meaning-making
In psychology, meaning-making is the process of how people (and other living beings) construe, understand, or make sense of life events, relationships, and the self.

The term is widely used in constructivist approaches to counseling psychology and psychotherapy, especially during bereavement in which people attribute some sort of meaning to an experienced death or loss. The term is also used in educational psychology.

In a broader sense, meaning-making is the main research object of semiotics, biosemiotics, and other fields. Social meaning-making is the main research object of social semiotics and related disciplines.
Al-Dhubi
Al-Dhubi, Al-Dubi (Arabic: الضُبي Dhubī), or the Dhubi Sheikhdom (Arabic: مشيخة الضُبي Mashyakhat ad-Dhubī), was a small state in the British Aden Protectorate. Dhubi was located between Mawsata in the southwest, Hadrami in the northeast, Lower Yafa in the south and Upper Yafa in the north.

Its last sheikh was deposed in 1967 upon the founding of the People's Republic of South Yemen and the area is now part of the Republic of Yemen.

Hadrami sheikhdom
The Hadrami or Hadhrami Sheikdom (Arabic: مشيخة الحضرمي), Maktab Al Hadharem (Arabic: مكتب الحضارم), or Al Hadharem (Arabic: الحضارم), is one of the five sheikdoms of Upper Yafa. The Hadrami sheikdom was divided into four quarters: Sinaani (سناني), Bal Hay (بلحأي), Thuluthi (ثلثي), and Marfadi (مرفدي). The capital of the sheikdom is the village of Al-Shibr (Arabic: قرية الشبر), which is located in the Sinaani quarter.
Battle of Heilsberg
The Battle of Heilsberg took place on 10 June [O.S. 29 May] 1807 off the town of Heilsberg (now Lidzbark Warmiński), during the Napoleonic Wars. In it, Joachim Murat's French troops began the offensive on Leonty (Levin) Bennigsen's Russian force ahead of schedule. The opponents fought until they concluded an operational armistice. Due to Bennigsen's illness, Andrei Gorchakov temporarily replaced him during the action until the very end of it. Napoleon, French supreme commander, also arrived on the battlefield, but it was Murat who initiated the battle.

Jean Lannes
Jean Lannes, 1st Duke of Montebello, Prince of Siewierz (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ lan]; 10 April 1769 – 31 May 1809), was a French military commander and a Marshal of the Empire who served during both the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars.

He was one of Napoleon's most daring and talented generals, and is regarded by many as one of history's greatest military commanders. Napoleon once commented on Lannes: "I found him a pygmy and left him a giant". A personal friend of the emperor, he was allowed to address him with the familiar tu, as opposed to the formal vous.
Kungälv Municipality
Kungälv Municipality (Swedish: Kungälvs kommun) is a municipality in Västra Götaland County in western Sweden. Its seat is located in the city of Kungälv. It is the 50th largest municipality in Sweden by population size, which exceeded 50 000 during May 2024.

The present municipality was formed in 1971 through the amalgamation of the City of Kungälv, the City of Marstrand and territories belonging to four rural municipalities. In 1974 a minor part (situated on the island of Hisingen) was transferred to Gothenburg Municipality.

Bohus Fortress
Bohus Fortress lies in Kungälv, Bohuslän, Sweden, north east from Hisingen where the Göta river splits into two branches (20 km (12 mi) north of Gothenburg). It commands the surrounding area from a cliff 40 m (130 ft) high, with the river forming a natural moat around it. The fortress used to be situated along the old Norwegian–Swedish border.
Chandler, Oklahoma
Chandler (Meskwaki: Chêninêheki) is a city in and the county seat of Lincoln County, Oklahoma, United States. and is part of the Oklahoma City Metropolitan Area. The population was 2,858 at the time of the 2020 census.  Chandler is located northeast of Oklahoma City on SH-66 and I-44, and north of Shawnee on SH-18.

Oklahoma City metropolitan area
The Oklahoma City metropolitan area is an urban region in Central Oklahoma. It is the largest metropolitan area in the state of Oklahoma and contains the state capital and principal city, Oklahoma City. It is often known as the Oklahoma City Metro (sometimes shortened to simply "the Metro"), or Greater Oklahoma City in addition to the nicknames Oklahoma City itself is known for, such as OKC or "the 405".

Counties in the Oklahoma City metropolitan area include Canadian, Cleveland, Grady, Lincoln, Logan, McClain, and Oklahoma. According to the 2020 U.S. census, the metropolitan region had a population of 1,425,695, up from 1,083,346 at the 2000 census.

The Micropolitan Statistical Area of Shawnee (in Pottawatomie County) is included in Oklahoma City's Combined Statistical Area (CSA) which brings the area population to 1,498,693.
Streptocephalus sirindhornae
Streptocephalus sirindhornae is a species of crustacean in the family Streptocephalidae; a genus of freshwater dwelling shrimp belonging to the Anostraca order of  Branchiopoda . It is endemic to Thailand, and it was named after Princess Sirindhorn.

Anostraca
Anostraca is one of the four orders of crustaceans in the class Branchiopoda; its members are referred to as fairy shrimp. They live in vernal pools and hypersaline lakes across the world, and they have even been found in deserts, ice-covered mountain lakes, and Antarctic ice. They are usually 6–25 mm (0.24–0.98 in) long (exceptionally up to 170 mm or 6.7 in). Most species have 20 body segments, bearing 11 pairs of leaf-like phyllopodia (swimming legs), and the body lacks a carapace. They swim "upside-down" and feed by filtering organic particles from the water or by scraping algae from surfaces, with the exception of Branchinecta gigas, or "giant fairy shrimp", which is itself a predator of other species of anostracans. They are an important food for many birds and fish, and some are cultured and harvested for use as fish food. There are 300 species spread across 8 families.
Auxenochlorella protothecoides
Auxenochlorella protothecoides, formerly known as Chlorella protothecoides, is a facultatively heterotrophic green alga in the family Chlorellaceae. It is known for its potential application in biofuel production. It was first characterized as a distinct algal species in 1965, and has since been regarded as a separate genus from Chlorella due its need for thiamine (not to be confused with thymine) for growth. Auxenochlorella species have been found in a wide variety of environments from acidic volcanic soil in Italy to the sap of poplar trees in the forests of Germany. Its use in industrial processes has been studied, as the high lipid content of the alga during heterotrophic growth is promising for biodiesel; its use in wastewater treatment has been investigated, as well.

Chlorellaceae
Chlorellaceae are a family of green algae in the order Chlorellales. About 250 species are currently accepted in the family. Members of the family are distributed worldwide and are common in a variety of freshwater, terrestrial and marine environments.

Members of the family Chlorellaceae are important ecologically, mainly as primary producers. Algae such as Chlorella are important model organisms for plant physiology and biochemistry, because of they are easy to cultivate and grow rapidly. Additionally, many members are rich in lipids, carbohydrates and vitamins, making them of interest in the field of biotechnology. Meanwhile, genera such as Prototheca are of clinical significance as pathogens of humans and other animals.
Naruko Dam
Naruko Dam (Japanese: 鳴子ダム, Naruko Damu) is a concrete gravity-arch dam on the Eaigawa River, a tributary of the Kitakami River system, located in the city of Ōsaki, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. Completed in 1958 by Kajima Corporation, it is managed by the Tohoku Regional Development Bureau of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism.

Ōsaki, Miyagi
Ōsaki (大崎市, Ōsaki-shi) is a city located in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 May 2020, the city had an estimated population of 128,763 in 51,567 households, and a population density of 160 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 796.76 square kilometres (307.63 sq mi). Ōsaki  is a member of the World Health Organization’s Alliance for Healthy Cities  (AFHC).
Es teler
Es teler is an Indonesian fruit cocktail. Avocado, coconut meat, grass jelly, jackfruit and other fruits are served with coconut milk, sweetened condensed milk, Pandanus amaryllifolius leaf (normally in the form of cocopandan syrup), sugar, a tiny amount of salt and is usually served cold.

This concoction, created by Murniati Widjaja, won a competition to come up with a national drink for Indonesia in 1982.

Grass jelly
Grass jelly, also known as leaf jelly or herbal jelly, is a jelly-like dessert originating in China. It is commonly consumed in East Asia and Southeast Asia. It is created by using Chinese mesona (a member of the mint family) and has a mild, slightly bitter taste. Grass jelly was invented by the Hakka people who historically used the food to alleviate heat stroke after long days working in the field. The dish was introduced to Southeast Asia by the Chinese diaspora. It is served chilled, with other toppings, such as fruit, or in bubble tea or other drinks. Outside Asia, it is sold in Asian supermarkets.