hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nguyễn Hữu Cảnh
Nguyễn Hữu Cảnh (chữ Hán: 阮有鏡, 1650–1700), also known as Nguyễn Hữu Kính and his noble rank Lễ Thành Hầu, was a high-ranking general of Lord Nguyễn Phúc Chu. His military expeditions into the Mekong Delta placed the region firmly under Vietnamese administrative control.  Considered to be the most famous military general during the time of Vietnam's southward expansion (Nam tiến), Nguyễn Hữu Cảnh founded the city of Saigon in 1698.  His establishment of Saigon and military forts in and around the Mekong Delta served as the foundation for later military expeditions by the Vietnamese imperial court in its quest to expand its southern territory.  In Vietnam, Nguyễn Hữu Cảnh is widely beloved and revered by the Vietnamese as a national hero with various shrines (miếu) and communal houses (đình) dedicated to him.

Chữ Hán
Chữ Hán (Vietnamese: 𡨸漢 [t͡ɕɯ˦ˀ˥ haːn˧˦] ⓘ, lit. 'Han characters') are the Chinese characters that were used to write Literary Chinese (Hán văn; 漢文) and Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary in Vietnamese. They were officially used in Vietnam after the Red River Delta region was annexed into the Han dynasty and continued to be used until the early 20th century.
Field Army Corps 1
Field Army Corps 1 (FAK 1) of the Swiss Army was a formation composed of several  Divisions, Brigades, and directly subordinate corps troops led by a corps commander (during the Army 61 period known as a chief corps commander). The 1st Army Corps (since 1961 Field Army Corps 1) existed from 1891 to 2003.

In 1891, the Swiss army was first divided into five army corps. Paul Cérésole, a member of the Federal Council from 1870 to 1875 and father of the pacifist Pierre Cérésole, was in 1891 given command of the 1st Army Corps, which he commanded until 1898. In 1917, the army was divided into six divisions, the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd of which were included in the 1st Army Corps.

Military organization
Military organization (AE) or military organisation (BE) is the structuring of the armed forces of a state so as to offer such military capability as a national defense policy may require. Formal military organization tends to use hierarchical forms (see Modern hierarchy for terminology and approximate troop strength per hierarchical unit).

In some countries, paramilitary forces are included in a nation's armed forces, though not considered military. Armed forces that are not a part of military or paramilitary organizations, such as insurgent forces, often emulate military organizations, or use these structures.
NS International
NS International, formerly NS Hispeed, is a passenger railway operator based in the Netherlands that operates international intercity and high-speed connections to several European cities. It is a subsidiary of the Dutch state-owned railway operator Nederlandse Spoorwegen (NS).

InterCity
InterCity (commonly abbreviated IC on timetables and tickets) is the classification applied to certain long-distance passenger train services in Europe. Such trains (in contrast to InterRegio, regional, local, or commuter trains) generally call at major stations only.

An international variant of the InterCity trains are the EuroCity (EC) trains, which consist of high-standard coaches and are run by a variety of operators.
Alf Prøysen
Alf Prøysen (Norwegian pronunciation: [ɑɫf ˈprœʏsn̩]) (23 July 1914 – 23 November 1970) was a Norwegian author, poet, playwright, songwriter and musician. Prøysen was one of the most important Norwegian cultural personalities in the second half of the 20th century. He worked in several different media including books, newspapers and records. He also made significant contributions to music as well as to television and radio. He also wrote in the Arbeiderbladet from 1954 until his death.

He was also noted for his series of books featuring Mrs. Pepperpot (Norwegian: Teskjekjerringa). The fictional character of a series of children's books established him as a children's author. The series of books were first published during 1956 and was first published in English in 1959.

Dagsavisen
Dagsavisen is a daily newspaper published in Oslo, Norway. The former party organ of the Norwegian Labour Party, the ties loosened over time from 1975 to 1999. It has borne several names, and was called Arbeiderbladet from 1923 to 1997. Eirik Hoff Lysholm is editor-in-chief. The newspaper depends on economic support from the Norwegian Government.
Salley Historic District
The Salley Historic District, located in Salley, South Carolina, consists of 99 contributing structures and 51 non-contributing resources, and provides a good example of a South Carolina rural community during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The town, located in Aiken County, South Carolina and incorporated in 1887, is named after D. H. Salley, owner of a large nearby plantation who was instrumental in the area's original development. The Salley Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 27, 2000.

Aiken County, South Carolina
Aiken County (/ˈeɪkən/) is a county in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2020 census, its population was 168,808. Its county seat and largest community is Aiken. Aiken County is a part of the Augusta-Richmond County, GA-SC Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is mostly in the Sandhills region, with the northern parts reaching in the Piedmont and southern parts reaching into the Coastal Plain.
Garymunida normani
Garymunida normani is a species of squat lobster in the family Munididae. The males measure from 9.7 to 18.4 millimetres (0.38 to 0.72 in) and the females from 9.0 to 13.3 millimetres (0.35 to 0.52 in). It is found off of Fiji, Tonga, New Caledonia, Wallis and Futuna, and Vanuatu, at depths of about 320 to 670 metres (1,050 to 2,200 ft). It is also known to be found off of the Tuamotu and Society Islands at depths between about 510 and 630 metres (1,670 and 2,070 ft).

Society Islands
The Society Islands are an archipelago in Polynesia in the South Pacific Ocean. Politically, the islands are part of French Polynesia, an semi-autonomous part of France. The largest and most populous island is Tahiti. Other major islands are Moʻorea, Raiatea, Bora Bora and Huahine.
New Ohio Review
New Ohio Review is a national literary magazine produced by the creative writing program of Ohio University in Athens, Ohio.  Published biannually since 2007, the magazine showcases short fiction, poetry, and essays. Writers published by New Ohio Review have included Tony Hoagland, Robert Pinsky, Rosanna Warren, and Rachel Zucker, among others.  Pieces Appearing in New Ohio Review have been included in such anthologies as The Best American Series and the Pushcart Prize anthology.  The journal is a recipient of a National Endowment for the Arts grant.

Tony Hoagland
Anthony Dey Hoagland (November 19, 1953 – October 23, 2018) was an American poet. His poetry collection, What Narcissism Means to Me (2003), was a finalist for the National Book Critics Circle Award. His other honors included two grants from the National Endowment for the Arts, a 2000 Guggenheim Fellowship in Poetry, and a fellowship to the Provincetown Fine Arts Work Center. His poems and criticism have appeared in such publications as Poetry Magazine, Ploughshares, AGNI, Threepenny Review, The Gettysburg Review, Ninth Letter, Southern Indiana Review, American Poetry Review and Harvard Review.
Bryan Payton
Bryan Payton (born August 2, 1986 in West Covina, California) is a professional Canadian football linebacker most recently for the Toronto Argonauts of the Canadian Football League. He signed as a free agent with the Argonauts on May 16, 2012. Payton was a member of the 100th Grey Cup winning team.

Born in Camp Pendleton, Payton attended West Covina High School in West Covina, California. He also played college football at Oregon State.

Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton
Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton is the major West Coast base of the United States Marine Corps and is one of the largest Marine Corps bases in the United States. It is on the Southern California coast in San Diego County and is bordered by Oceanside to the south, San Clemente in Orange County to the north, La Cresta and Murrieta in Riverside County to the northeast, and Fallbrook to the east.

The base was established in 1942 to train U.S. Marines for service in World War II. By October 1944, Camp Pendleton was declared a "permanent installation," and by 1946 it became the home of the 1st Marine Division. It was named after Major General Joseph Henry Pendleton (1860–1942), who had long advocated setting up a training base for the Marine Corps on the West Coast. Today it is home to many Operating Force units, including the I Marine Expeditionary Force and various training commands.
Ascorbyl stearate
Ascorbyl stearate (C24H42O7) is an ester formed from ascorbic acid and stearic acid.  In addition to its use as a source of vitamin C, it is used as an antioxidant food additive in margarine (E number E305). The USDA limits its use to 0.02% individually or in conjunction with other antioxidants.

Stearic acid
Stearic acid (/ˈstɪərɪk/ STEER-ik, /stiˈærɪk/ stee-ARR-ik) is a saturated fatty acid with an 18-carbon chain. The IUPAC name is octadecanoic acid. It is a soft waxy solid with the formula CH3(CH2)16COOH. The triglyceride derived from three molecules of stearic acid is called stearin. Stearic acid is a prevalent fatty acid in nature, found in many animal and vegetable fats, but is usually higher in animal fat than vegetable fat. It has a melting point of 69.4 °C (156.9 °F)  °C and a pKa of 4.50.

Its name comes from the Greek word στέαρ "stéar", which means tallow. The salts and esters of stearic acid are called stearates. As its glycerol ester, stearic acid is one of the most common saturated fatty acids found in nature and in the food supply, following palmitic acid. Dietary sources of stearic acid include meat, poultry, fish, eggs, dairy products, and foods prepared with fats; beef tallow, lard, butterfat, cocoa butter, and shea butter are rich fat sources of stearic acid.
William Morgan (of Tredegar, younger)
William Morgan (28 March 1725 – 16 July 1763) was a Welsh politician of the mid-18th century.

He was the eldest son of Sir William Morgan and his wife Lady Rachel Cavendish, daughter of William Cavendish, 2nd Duke of Devonshire. He inherited the Tredegar Estate upon his father's death in 1725. Morgan matriculated at Christ Church, Oxford on 9 June 1743. He entered the House of Commons in 1747 as Member of Parliament for Monmouthshire, and was Bailiff of Brecon in 1749. He continued to represent Monmouthshire until his death in 1763.

William died unmarried, and as all his siblings had predeceased him, Tredegar was inherited by his uncle Thomas Morgan. This led to a legal battle between Thomas and Lady Rachel over control of the estate.

Brecon
Brecon (/ˈbrɛkən/; Welsh: Aberhonddu; pronounced [ˌabɛrˈhɔnði]), archaically known as Brecknock, is a market town in Powys, mid Wales. In 1841, it had a population of 5,701. The population in 2001 was 7,901, increasing to 8,250 at the 2011 census. Historically it was the county town of Brecknockshire (Breconshire); although its role as such was eclipsed with the formation of the County of Powys, it remains an important local centre. Brecon is the third-largest town in Powys, after Newtown and Ystradgynlais. It lies north of the Brecon Beacons mountain range, but is just within the Brecon Beacons National Park.
Lophothorax
Lophothorax is a monotypic moth genus in the family Geometridae. It consists of only one species, Lophothorax eremnopis, which is found in Australia (South Australia and Western Australia). Both the genus and the species were first described by Alfred Jefferis Turner, the species in 1922 and the genus in 1939.

The larvae feed on Dodonaea bursariifolia.

Alfred Jefferis Turner
Alfred Jefferis Turner (3 October 1861 in Canton – 29 December 1947 in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia) was a pediatrician and amateur entomologist. He was the son of missionary Frederick Storrs-Turner. He introduced the use of diphtheria antitoxin to Australia in 1895, and resided in Dauphin Terrace, Highgate Hill, Brisbane.

The Jefferis Turner Centre for mothercraft was opened in 1952 as part of the Queensland Government's Maternal and Child Welfare program. In 1986, its role was changed to provide short-term respite care for intellectually disabled children. It is located in the heritage building Fairy Knoll in Ipswich.
Alex Scott-Samuel
Alex Scott-Samuel is a British retired lecturer in public health at the University of Liverpool, where he was the director of the International Health Impact Assessment Consortium.  He is the chair of Wavertree Constituency Labour Party and has a seat on the Labour Party regional board for the northwest.  He was the chair of the Socialist Health Association between 2017 and 2020 and is involved in the Keep Our NHS Public movement.

Constituency Labour Party
A constituency Labour Party (CLP) is an organisation of members of the British Labour Party who live in a particular  parliamentary constituency.

In England and Wales, CLP boundaries coincide with those for UK parliamentary constituencies. In Scotland, CLP boundaries align with constituencies of the Scottish Parliament. The Labour Party in Northern Ireland has, since February 2009, been organised as a province-wide constituency Labour Party which is yet to contest elections. Labour International is a CLP for members of the British Labour Party who are currently living overseas.

For much of the Labour Party's history, especially during the 1980s, CLPs were perceived as relatively left wing, compared to the more moderate or pragmatic trade unions.
Mosney
Mosney (Irish: Maigh Muirí, meaning 'plain of Mairid') is a townland and village in County Meath, Ireland. It is in the civil parish of Moorechurch 35 km (22 mi) north of Dublin city centre, and 10 km (6 mi) south-east of Drogheda.

It was best known as the site of a Butlin's holiday camp during the second half of the 20th century and as the site for the national finals of the Community Games. By the early 21st century, the holiday camp had been converted into an accommodation centre for asylum-seekers. The village was served by Mosney railway station until 2000.

Early in the 19th century, Mosney was a manor house and part of the estate of the Peppers of Ballygarth Castle. By the mid-20th century, the house was the home of the farm steward of Mosney and was lived in by Johnny Oram whose father had been the previous farm steward.

Drogheda
Drogheda (/ˈdrɒhədə, ˈdrɔːdə/ DRO-həd-ə, DRAW-də; Irish: Droichead Átha [ˈd̪ˠɾˠɛhəd̪ˠ ˈaːhə] ⓘ, meaning "bridge at the ford") is an industrial and port town in County Louth on the east coast of Ireland, 43 km (27 mi) north of Dublin. It is located on the Dublin–Belfast corridor on the east coast of Ireland, mostly in County Louth but with the south fringes of the town in County Meath, 40 km (25 mi) north of Dublin city centre. Drogheda had a population of 44,135 inhabitants in 2022, making it the eleventh largest settlement by population in all of Ireland, and the largest town in the Republic of Ireland, by both population and area. The area of Drogheda that is in Co.Louth has 35,990 residents, while the area of Drogheda that is in Co. Meath has 8,145 residents, which make up the 44,135 total. It is the last bridging point on the River Boyne before it enters the Irish Sea. The UNESCO World Heritage Site of Newgrange is located 8 km (5.0 mi) west of the town.
Hippolais
Hippolais is a genus of tree warbler in the family Acrocephalidae. It is sometimes associated with the genus Iduna. The genus name Hippolais is from Ancient Greek hupolais, as misspelt by Linnaeus. It referred to a small bird mentioned by Aristotle and others and may be onomatopoeic or derived from hupo,"under", and laas, "stone".

Onomatopoeia
Onomatopoeia is a type of word, or the process of creating a word, that phonetically imitates, resembles, or suggests a sound that it refers to. Common onomatopoeias in English include animal noises such as oink, meow, roar, and chirp, among various other noise-based verbs and nouns such as beep, simmer, or hiccup. Among the many words that likely began as onomatopoeias but whose original expressive iconicity goes unrecognized by modern speakers, examples include fanfare, pigeon, and cough.

Onomatopoeia tends to differ by language: it conforms to the broader linguistic system (conforming to its particular phonetic rules. Hence, the sound of a clock may be expressed variously across languages: as tick tock in English, tic tac in Spanish and Italian (see photo),  dī dā in Mandarin, kachi kachi in Japanese, or ṭik-ṭik in Hindi, Urdu, and Bengali.
The Shipbuilders
The Shipbuilders is a 1943 British drama film directed by John Baxter and starring Clive Brook, Morland Graham and Nell Ballantyne. It was written by Stephen Potter, Reginald Pound and Gordon Wellesley based on the 1935 novel of the same title by George Blake. The film is set in a Clyde shipyard in the build-up to the Second World War.

Clive Brook
Clifford Hardman "Clive" Brook (1 June 1887 – 17 November 1974) was an English stage and film actor.

After making his first screen appearance in 1920, Brook emerged as a leading British actor in the early 1920s. After moving to the United States in 1924, Brook became one of the major stars for Paramount Pictures in the late silent era. During 1928–29 he successfully made the transition to sound and continued to be featured in many of Hollywood's most prestigious films. Career highlights include Josef Von Sternberg's Underworld (1927) and Shanghai Express (1932); as well as being the first actor to portray Sherlock Holmes in a 'talkie'. In the mid-1930s he returned to Britain where he appeared regularly in leading film roles until his retirement from movies in 1944.
Moses of Kiev
Moses of Kiev was a Jewish Talmudist who lived in the first half of the 12th century. Moses seems to have been in western Europe in consequence of the expulsion of the Jews from Kiev in 1124 (comp. Firkowitz in Ha-Karmel, ii.407). It is not impossible that he was a pupil of Jacob b. Meïr Tam, whom he seems to have known (see Tam's Sefer ha-Yashar, No. 522, p. 29a). From Rus' Moses carried on a correspondence with Samuel ben Ali, the head of the Babylonian academy, and through Moses Western scholars learned of an important legal decision of the Geonim which had been communicated to him by Samuel (Responsa of Meïr b. Baruch of Rothenburg, ed. Bloch, No. 494). Another responsum from Samuel to Moses is found in the manuscript Yiḥuse Tanna'im wa-Amora'im, whose author is probably Judah ben Kalonymus of Speyer. Whether or not this Moses is identical with "Rabbi Moses the Russian", whom the author of Sefer ha-Shoham mentions, is doubtful.

HaKarmel
HaKarmel (Hebrew: הַכַּרְמֶל, lit. 'The Carmel') was a Hebrew periodical, edited and published by Samuel Joseph Fuenn in Vilna from 1860 to 1880. It was one of the important forces of the Haskalah movement in the Russian Empire.
Diploglossa
Diploglossa is a clade of neoanguimorphs represented by the families Xenosauridae, Diploglossidae, Anniellidae and Anguidae, the latter three placed in the superfamily Anguioidea. In the past the Chinese crocodile lizard was classified as a xenosaurid; current molecular work has shown evidence the species related to varanoids in the clade Paleoanguimorpha.

Below is the phylogeny of the neoanguimorph lineages after Pyron et al. (2013):

American legless lizard
The family Anniellidae, known as American legless lizards, contains six species in a single genus Anniella: A. pulchra (California legless lizard), the rare A. geronimensis (Baja California legless lizard), and four more discovered in 2013.
Piccinini
Piccinini is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alberto Piccinini (footballer) (1923−1972), Italian professional football player

Alessandro Piccinini (1566 – c. 1638), Italian lutenist and composer

Amelia Piccinini (1917–1979), Italian athlete

Eduardo Piccinini (born 1968), Brazilian butterfly swimmer

Francesca Piccinini (born 1979), Italian volleyball player

Gaetano Piccinini (1904–1972), Italian priest of the Don Orione Congregation

Gualtiero Piccinini (born 1970), Italian and American philosopher

Marco Piccinini (born 1952), Monegasque personality, businessman and politician

Marina Piccinini (born 1968), Italian American virtuoso flautist

Patricia Piccinini (born 1965), Australian artist

Marina Piccinini
Marina Piccinini (born 1968)  is an Italian-American flautist. She is noted for her performances of both the traditional classical repertoire as well as by modern composers, and has performed with many of the world's leading orchestras and conductors.
Gopher Count
The Gopher Count is an annual community festival held in Viola, Minnesota, United States. Since 1874, the event has been on the third Thursday in June.  Some the events include a parade, a tractor show, a nail-driving contest (women only), a pie-eating contest, fireworks, and dancing.

The festival is named for the practice of collecting a bounty on killed gophers, still paid by the township as of 2009, though other aspects of the festival are more actively promoted.

Since 2024, Gopher Count's official Facebook page states that Gopher Count is "the oldest celebration in Minnesota and the longest consecutive celebration in the US!" However, both claims are false. Stiftungsfest, which began in 1861, is Minnesota's oldest celebration and is thirteen years older than Gopher Count.

Tractor
A tractor is an engineering vehicle specifically designed to deliver a high tractive effort (or torque) at slow speeds, for the purposes of hauling a trailer or machinery such as that used in agriculture, mining or construction.  Most commonly, the term is used to describe a farm vehicle that provides the power and traction to mechanize agricultural tasks, especially (and originally) tillage, and now many more. Agricultural implements may be towed behind or mounted on the tractor, and the tractor may also provide a source of power if the implement is mechanised.
Richard William Murray
Richard William Murray Sr. (1819 – 1908) was a journalist, editor, newspaper proprietor and politician of the Cape Colony.

He was a lifelong supporter of British imperial expansion, and used the name "Limner" in most of his writings.

Parliament of the Cape of Good Hope
The Parliament of the Cape of Good Hope functioned as the legislature of the Cape Colony, from its founding in 1853, until the creation of the Union of South Africa in 1910, when it was dissolved and the Parliament of South Africa was established. It consisted of the House of Assembly (the lower house) and the Legislative Council (the upper house).
Weinrich
Weinrich is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Agnes Weinrich (1873–1946), American artist

Carl Weinrich (1904–1991), American organist

Eric Weinrich (born 1966), American ice hockey player

Georg von Weinrich (1768–1836), Bavarian Lieutenant General and War Minister

Harald Weinrich (1927–2022), German classical scholar

James D. Weinrich (born 1950), American sex researcher

Jeth Weinrich (born 1961), Canadian music video director and documentary filmmaker

Johannes Weinrich (born 1947), German left-wing activist and convicted terrorist

Karl Weinrich (1887–1973), German NSDAP Gauleiter

Lorenz Weinrich (1929–2025), German historian

Scott Weinrich (born 1961), American musician

Johannes Weinrich
Johannes Weinrich (born 21 July 1947) is a German left-wing terrorist and a founder of the Revolutionary Cells (RZ).  He later became a close aide to Carlos the Jackal. He is currently serving a life sentence for murder.