hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stem cell controversy
The stem cell controversy concerns the ethics of research involving the development and use of human embryos. Most commonly, this controversy focuses on  embryonic stem cells. Not all stem cell research involves human embryos.  For example, adult stem cells, amniotic stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells do not involve creating, using, or destroying human embryos, and thus are minimally, if at all, controversial. Many less controversial sources of acquiring stem cells include using cells from the umbilical cord, breast milk, and bone marrow, which are not pluripotent.

International Society for Stem Cell Research
The International Society for Stem Cell Research (ISSCR) is an independent 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization based in Evanston, Illinois, United States. The organization's mission is to promote excellence in stem cell science and applications to human health.
1974 Manipur Legislative Assembly election
Elections to the Manipur Legislative Assembly were held in February 1974 to elect members of the 60 constituencies in Manipur, India. The Indian National Congress won the popular vote, but the Manipur Peoples Party won the most seats and its leader Mohammed Alimuddin was reappointed as the Chief Minister of Manipur.

After the passing of the North-Eastern Areas (Reorganisation) Act, 1971, Manipur was converted from a Union Territory to a State and the size of its Legislative Assembly was increased from 30 to 60 members.

Manipur Peoples Party
The Manipur Peoples Party (MPP) is a political party in the Indian state of Manipur. MPP was founded on 26 December 1968 by a group of dissidents from the Indian National Congress. In the 2007 Legislative Assembly election, the party won 5 seats in the Manipur Legislative Assembly.

Currently, it is a part of the North-East Regional Political Front, which supports the BJP-led National Democratic Alliance.
A.R.C. Oleiros
Associação Recreativa Cultural de Oleiros is a Portuguese sports club based in Oleiros.

The men's football team played in the Campeonato de Portugal, the fourth tier of Portuguese football in the 2021–22 season. The team was promoted to the league, then the third tier, for the 2016–17 season. The club did not enter the 2022–23 season of the competition. In the Taça de Portugal, Oleiros reached the third round in 2017–18 and 2020–21.

Oleiros, Portugal
Oleiros (European Portuguese pronunciation: [ɔˈlɐjɾuʃ] ⓘ) is a municipality in the district of Castelo Branco in Portugal. The population in 2011 was 5,721, in an area of 471.09 km2. The present mayor is José Santos Marques, elected by the Social Democratic Party. The municipal holiday is the Monday after the 2nd Sunday of August.
Blennospora phlegmatocarpa
Blennospora phlegmatocarpa is a herb species in the family Asteraceae. It is found in Western Australia.

It is an erect annual growing from 2 to 5 cm high, which forms dense carpets, on saline flats in sandy soils. Its yellow flowers are seen from September to October.

The species was first described in 1905 as Calocephalus phlegmatocarpus by Ludwig Diels, but was assigned to the genus, Blennospora by Philip Short in 1981.

Philip Sydney Short
Philip Sydney Short (born 1955) is an Australian botanist. From 1991 to 1992, he served as Australian Botanical Liaison Officer at the Royal Botanic Gardens in Kew, London.

The standard author abbreviation P.S.Short is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.
Mike Kunigonis
Mike Kunigonis (born June 4, 1980) currently serves as Associate Athletic Director for Revenue Generation at Northern Illinois University. He is a former American college baseball coach most recently serving as the head coach for the Northern Illinois Huskies baseball program at Northern Illinois University. He was named to that position prior to the 2015 season.

Northern Illinois Huskies baseball
The  Northern Illinois Huskies baseball team is a varsity intercollegiate athletic team of Northern Illinois University (NIU) in DeKalb, Illinois, United States. The team is a member of the Mid-American Conference (MAC), which is part of the NCAA Division I. NIU's first baseball team was fielded in 1900. The team plays its home games at Ralph McKinzie Field in DeKalb, Illinois. The Huskies are currently led by head coach Ryan Copeland, who will begin his 1st season with the team in 2024.
2012 in South Korean football
This article shows a summary of the 2012 football season in South Korea. South Korea won a bronze medal in the Olympic football tournament, becoming the second Asian country to win a medal in the Olympic football.

Football at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament
The men's football tournament at the 2012 Summer Olympics was held in London and five other cities in Great Britain from 26 July to 11 August. Associations affiliated with FIFA were invited to enter their men's U-23 teams in regional qualifying competitions, from which 15 teams, plus the hosts Great Britain, reached the final tournament. Men's teams were allowed to augment their squads with three players over the age of 23. It was the first men's Olympic football tournament to feature a team representing Great Britain since the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome. The competition also marked Uruguay's men's football team's first Olympic appearance since 1928, when it won its second consecutive gold medal.

The gold medal was won by Mexico who defeated Brazil 2–1 in the final.
Adelaide Nature Reserve
Adelaide Local Nature Reserve is in north west London, in the area of Chalk Farm, Primrose Hill, Belsize Park and Swiss Cottage. It is managed by a local volunteer group, the Adelaide Nature Reserve Association, which works with the Camden Council to improve the site for wildlife and local community use and enjoyment. The site is a Local Nature Reserve and Site of Borough Importance for Nature Conservation, Grade 1.

Swiss Cottage
Swiss Cottage is an area in the London Borough of Camden, England. It is centred on the junction of Avenue Road and Finchley Road and includes Swiss Cottage tube station. Swiss Cottage lies 3.25 miles (5.23 km) north-northwest of Charing Cross. The area was named after a public house in the centre of it, known as "Ye Olde Swiss Cottage".
Cravo Norte Airport
Cravo Norte Airport (IATA: RAV, ICAO: SKCN) is an airport serving the Casanare River town of Cravo Norte in the Arauca Department of Colombia.

The airport is 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) north of the town. The runway has an additional 122 metres (400 ft) of overrun on the northeast end.

Arauca Department
Arauca (Spanish pronunciation: [aˈɾawka]) is a department of Eastern Colombia located in the extreme north of the Orinoco Basin of Colombia (the Llanos Orientales), bordering Venezuela. The southern boundary of Arauca is formed by the Casanare and Meta Rivers, separating Arauca from the departments of Casanare and Vichada. To the west, Arauca borders the department of Boyacá. The Caño Limón oilfield located within Arauca account for almost a third of the Colombian oil output. Its capital is the town of Arauca.
Orange Park Acres, California
Orange Park Acres is an unincorporated community and census designated place (CDP) surrounded by the city of Orange in Orange County, California. Orange Park Acres is bounded loosely by the tops of the hills as seen from the valley to the west (toward the City of Orange), Santiago Creek to the north, the holding basin behind the dam, the cemetery and Irvine Park to the east, and the top of the hills across Chapman as seen from the valley to the south. It comprises approximately 5,500 residents and is about 1.4 square miles (3.6 km2) in size. Almost all the homes in this county island are set on lots of 20,000 square feet (2,000 m2), a minimum requirement for this sector of Orange County. Most residents in the area are upper-middle-class or wealthy. It has several equestrian areas, and many stables throughout the community. The area has one shopping center and is adjacent to Santiago Canyon College. The ZIP Code is 92869, and the community is inside area code 714.

Santiago Canyon College
Santiago Canyon College is a public community college in Orange, California.  Along with Santa Ana College, Santiago Canyon College is one of two campuses in the Rancho Santiago Community College District (RSCCD).
Crambe, North Yorkshire
Crambe is a village and civil parish in the county of North Yorkshire, England. It is near the River Derwent and 6 miles (10 km) south-west of Malton. The population as of the 2011 census was less than 100. Details are included in the civil parish of Whitwell-on-the-Hill.  The village is located in the Howardian Hills Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The father of the renowned mathematician Karl Pearson was born in the village.

Karl Pearson
Karl Pearson FRS FRSE (/ˈpɪərsən/; born Carl Pearson; 27 March 1857 – 27 April 1936) was an English biostatistician and mathematician. He has been credited with establishing the discipline of mathematical statistics. He founded the world's first university statistics department at University College London in 1911, and contributed significantly to the field of biometrics and meteorology. Pearson was also a proponent of Social Darwinism and eugenics, and his thought is an example of what is today described as scientific racism. Pearson was a protégé and biographer of Sir Francis Galton. He edited and completed both William Kingdon Clifford's Common Sense of the Exact Sciences (1885) and Isaac Todhunter's History of the Theory of Elasticity, Vol. 1 (1886–1893) and Vol. 2 (1893), following their deaths.
Berestye Archeological Museum
The  Berestye Archeological Museum, located in the city of Brest, Belarus, is a museum centered around an archaeological site displaying an authentic East Slavic wooden town dating back to the 13th century. Unique in Europe, the 1800 square meter site was excavated by archeologists of the Belarusian Academy of Sciences between 1968 and 1981. The project was supervised by Dr. P.F.Lysenko. In 1982, a modern structure of concrete, glass and aluminum in the shape of a huge pitched roof was erected over the archeological site. The museum was opened on March 2, 1982. The museum displays preserved 28 log cabins, as well over 1400 artifacts dating back to 10th and 14th centuries which were unearthed during  the excavation.

Log cabin
A log cabin is a small log house, especially a minimally finished or less architecturally sophisticated structure. Log cabins have an ancient history in Europe, and in North America are often associated with first-generation home building by settlers. Construction with logs was described by the Roman architect Vitruvius Pollio in his architectural treatise De Architectura. He described the log-based dwellings in Pontus.
Systematic Automation
Systematic Automation is an American manufacturer of precision screen printing machines, vacuum tables, pretreatment machines, and ultraviolet curing systems.  The company specializes in standard and custom solutions for a variety of screen printing applications.

Though originally a manufacturer of screen printing machines, the company has expanded its operations to include vacuum tables and UV curing devices. The company is located in Farmington, CT,

Farmington, Connecticut
Farmington  is a town in Hartford County in the Farmington Valley area of central Connecticut in the United States. The town is part of the Capitol Planning Region. The population was 26,712 at the 2020 census. It sits 10 miles west of Hartford at the hub of major I-84 interchanges, 25 miles south of Bradley International Airport and two hours by car from New York City and Boston. It has been home to the world headquarters of several large corporations including Otis Elevator Company, United Technologies, and Carvel. The northwestern section of Farmington is a suburban neighborhood called Unionville.
Borjigin
The Borjigin or Borjigids are a Mongol tribal clan founded in the early 10th century or, around 900 AD. by Bodonchar Munkhag. The senior line of Borjigids provided ruling princes for Mongolia and Inner Mongolia until the 20th century. The clan formed the ruling class among the Mongols and other peoples of Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Today, the Borjigids are found in Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, Buryatia, and Xinjiang, and genetic research shows that descent from Genghis Khan and Timur is common throughout Central and East Asia.

Ruling class
In sociology, the ruling class of a society is the social class who set and decide the political and economic agenda of society.

In Marxist philosophy, the ruling class are the class who own the means of production in a given society and apply their cultural hegemony to determine and establish the dominant ideology (ideas, culture, mores, norms, traditions) of the society. In the case of the capitalist mode of production, that class is the capitalist class, also known as the bourgeoisie.

According to some theorists in the 21st century, the worldwide political economy established by globalization has created a transnational capitalist class who are not native to any one country.
Siglerville, Pennsylvania
Siglerville is a census-designated place located in central Armagh Township, Mifflin County in the state of Pennsylvania, United States.  It is located just to the southwest of Bald Eagle State Forest.  As of the 2010 census, the population was 109 residents.

In 2023, the population of Siglerville was 191, with the median age being 59.5 years. The demographic of Siglerville is uniform, with 100% of its population being white (of non-Hispanic origin), 100% of its population being legal U.S. citizens, and 0% of its population speaking a language other than English within households.

Bald Eagle State Forest
Bald Eagle State Forest is a Pennsylvania state forest in Pennsylvania Bureau of Forestry District #7.  The main office is located in Laurelton in Union County, Pennsylvania. The forest is found in Centre, Clinton, Mifflin, Snyder, and Union Counties. Bald Eagle shares a common border on its western extent with Rothrock State Forest and on its northern extent with Tiadaghton State Forest.

Five Pennsylvania State Parks are contained within the forest: Poe Valley, Poe Paddy, R. B. Winter, Reeds Gap, and Sand Bridge, as well as two former state parks: Snyder-Middleswarth Natural Area (formerly Snyder-Middleswarth State Park) and Hairy Johns Picnic Area (formerly a state park known as both "Hairy John's State Forest Park" and "Voneida State Forest Park").
1973 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship
The 1973 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship was the high point of the 1973 season. The championship was won by Cork who defeated Antrim by a single point margin in the final for their fourth successive success. The match drew an attendance of 4,000.

Úna Uí Phuirséil
Úna Uí Phuirséil (Agnes Hourigan-Purcell) was the 17th president of the Camogie Association. Born Agnes Hourigan in Ballingarry, County Limerick, she had three  brothers, Dan, Sean, Fr Jack Hourigan, and four sisters [including Maisie and Ellen].
Gargoyle (router firmware)
Gargoyle is a free OpenWrt-based Linux distribution for a range of wireless routers based on Broadcom, Atheros, MediaTek and others chipsets, Asus Routers, Netgear, Linksys and TP-Link routers. Among notable features is the ability to limit and monitor bandwidth and set bandwidth caps per specific IP address.

MediaTek
MediaTek Inc. (Chinese: 聯發科技股份有限公司; pinyin: Liánfā Kējì Gǔfèn Yǒuxiàn Gōngsī), sometimes informally abbreviated as MTK, is a Taiwanese fabless semiconductor company that designs and markets a range of semiconductor products, providing chips for wireless communications, high-definition television, handheld mobile devices like smartphones and tablet computers, navigation systems, consumer multimedia products and digital subscriber line services as well as optical disc drives.

Founded in 1997 and headquartered in Hsinchu, the company has 41 offices worldwide and was the third largest fabless chip designer worldwide in 2016. The company also provides its customers with reference designs. MediaTek became the biggest smartphone chipset vendor with 31% market share in Q3 2020. This was assisted by its strong performance in regions such as China and India.
Cry Thunder
"Cry Thunder" is a song by British power metal band DragonForce. It was released as the second single from their fifth album The Power Within. Its music video was released in Spring 2012.  So far "Cry Thunder" is DragonForce's most popular song with vocalist Marc Hudson.

Power metal
Power metal is a subgenre of heavy metal music combining characteristics of traditional heavy metal with speed metal, often within a symphonic context. Generally, power metal is characterized by a faster, lighter, and more uplifting sound, in contrast with the heaviness and dissonance prevalent in, for example, extreme metal. Power metal bands usually have anthemic songs with fantasy-based subject matter and strong choruses, thus creating a theatrical, dramatic and emotionally "powerful" sound.

The term was first used in the mid-1980s and refers to two different but related styles: the first largely practiced in North America with a harder sound similar to speed metal; and a later, more widespread and popular style based in Europe with a lighter, more melodic sound and frequent use of keyboards.
Clavell
Clavell is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

George Clavell (1725–1774), English politician

Gian Clavell (born 1993), Puerto Rican basketball player

Gilberto Clavell (born 1989), Puerto Rican basketball player

James Clavell (1921–1994), British/American novelist

John Clavell (c. 1601–1643), 17th century English adventurer

John Clavell (MP) (1541–1609), 16th century English politician

Lluis Clavell Ortiz-Repiso (born 1941), Spanish Roman Catholic priest

Óscar Clavell (born 1978), Spanish politician

Robert Clavell (c. 1633 – c. 1711), a bookseller of London

Rodney Clavell, former South Australian corrections officer and prisoner at Yatala Labour Prison

Walter Clavell (1639–1677), English administrator employed by the East India Company as Chief of the factories in the Bay of Bengal

Gilberto Clavell
Gilberto Clavell III (born August 10, 1989) is a Puerto Rican professional basketball player who last played with the Mets de Guaynabo of the Baloncesto Superior Nacional (BSN). Clavell was an All-American college player at Sam Houston State University. Clavell represents the Puerto Rico national basketball team and the Puerto Rico 3x3 men's national team at the international level.
Richard Herz
Richard Herz (21 July 1867 – 18 November 1936) was a German chemist. He discovered the Herz reaction.

He studied chemistry at the University of Heidelberg, at the Technische Hochschule in Berlin (now Technische Universität Berlin) and at the University of Berlin, and earned his PhD in 1891. From 1892 he was employed by the Leonhardt und Co. Works in Mühlheim am Main and in 1895 he joined a British firm, Levinstein, in Manchester. He was recruited by Cassella in 1899, and played a key role in the company's development of sulfur dyes. He received power of procuration in 1918 and became deputy director in 1925. He retired in 1931.

Sulfur dye
Sulfur dyes are the most commonly used dyes manufactured for cotton in terms of volume. They are inexpensive, generally have good wash-fastness, and are easy to apply. Sulfur dyes are predominantly black, brown, and dark blue. Red sulfur dyes are unknown, although a pink or lighter scarlet color is available.
Cecil Barror
Cecil John Rhodes Barror (12 August 1911 – 15 October 1999) was an Irish barrister, actor and broadcaster. He was a member of the Abbey Theatre from 1936–79.

Born in Clontarf, Dublin, Barror was married in 1942 to Ethna Graham who formed and conducted The Lindsay Singers, a choir that gained an international reputation. They had three sons and two daughters; the youngest Tony died at the age of 21 years in 1976.

In 1947 he was in a Radio Éireann production of a play by Irish playwright Teresa Deevy called Dignity.

Barror died in 1999 and is buried in Glasnevin Cemetery.

Glasnevin Cemetery
Glasnevin Cemetery (Irish: Reilig Ghlas Naíon) is the national cemetery of Ireland, located on the Northside of Dublin. More than 1.5 million people are buried in the cemetery, including a number of notable historical figures.

Established as a non-denominational garden cemetery by Daniel O'Connell in 1832, the cemetery is 124 acres (50 ha) in size and contains the gravesites of a number of historical figures, including Charles Stewart Parnell, Éamon de Valera, Constance Markievicz and Michael Collins.

Overseen by Dublin Cemeteries Trust, Glasnevin remains an active cemetery and cremation site. The cemetery contains a visitor centre, the landmark O'Connell Tower, and runs guided tours of the grounds.
Frederick Gibbs (educationalist)
Frederick Giles Gibbs (31 October 1866 – 16 January 1953) was a New Zealand school principal, educationalist, businessman, naturalist and community leader. He was born in London, England on 31 October 1866.

Gibbs was educated at Nelson College from 1879 to 1887. He completed his BA at Canterbury College in 1889 and graduated MA with first-class honours in 1890. He taught briefly at Nelson College and then for many years at Nelson Boys' School. He collaborated with botanists Thomas Kirk, T. F. Cheeseman, and Leonard Cockayne.

Nelson College
Nelson College is the oldest state secondary school in New Zealand, a feat achieved in part thanks to its original inception as a private school. It is an all-boys school in the City of Nelson that teaches from years 9 to 13. In addition, it runs a private preparatory school for year 7 and 8 boys. The school also has places for boarders, who live in two boarding houses adjacent to the main school buildings on the same campus.

A Nelson College old boy, Charles Monro, was instrumental in introducing the game of rugby into New Zealand.
Luigi Stoisa
Luigi Stoisa, (Selvaggio di Giaveno, Turin, 1958) is an Italian painter and sculptor. He began creating his artwork at the end of the 1970s while he was still studying at the school of Fine Arts in Turin. He is currently a professor as well as an artist.

Carrara
Carrara (/kəˈrɑːrə/ kə-RAR-ə; Italian: [kaˈraːɾa]; Emilian: Carara, Emilian: [kaˈɾaːɾa]) is a town and comune in Tuscany, in northern Italy, of the province of Massa and Carrara, and notable for the white or blue-grey marble quarried there. It is on the Carrione River, some 100 kilometres (62 mi) west-northwest of Florence. Its motto is Latin: "Fortitudo mea in rota" ("My strength is in the wheel"), a reference firstly to the marble shipping industry from Roman times onwards.

During the contemporary era, the city and the surrounding region are closely linked to the history of the anarchist movement, with a significant part of its population being anarchist and many congresses being held there—one of the most notable being the Congress of Carrara (1968), which founded the International of Anarchist Federations (IAF), one of the main anarchist organizations to this day.