hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Felixstowe to Nuneaton railway upgrade
The Felixstowe to Nuneaton railway upgrade in the United Kingdom is a series of upgrades being made to both a key strategic freight route and one that carries passengers on many parts. It is one of only two routes between the busiest container port and the Midlands, the other being via London. The route and the upgrade is sometimes abbreviated to F2N (and also F2MN for Midlands and the North). The railway route includes the Birmingham–Peterborough line for a large part. The line links the Port of Felixstowe in Felixstowe, Suffolk, with the Midlands and crosses the East Coast Main Line, the Midland Main Line and the West Coast Main Line and thus the north and Scotland. From Nuneaton, a number of intermodal terminals may be reached. Much infrastructure in the UK is of Victorian origin and thus needed an upgrade; F2N, being a key route, is no exception.

Felixstowe
Felixstowe (/ˈfiːlɪkstoʊ/ FEE-lic-stoh) is a port town and civil parish in the East Suffolk district, in the county of Suffolk, England. The estimated population in 2017 was 24,521. The Port of Felixstowe is the largest container port in the United Kingdom. Felixstowe is approximately 72 miles (116 km) northeast of London.
Simeon Hirsch Weil
Simeon Hirsch Weil (Hebrew: שמעון הירש ווייל) was a German-Jewish scholar who lived in Carlsruhe in the eighteenth century. He published his father Nathaniel Weil's Netiv ḥayyim, Torat Netan'el, and responsa, and wrote Sefer Eldad ha-Dani (with a Judeo-German translation; 1769).

Responsa
Responsa (plural of Latin responsum, 'answer') comprise a body of written decisions and rulings given by legal scholars in response to questions addressed to them. In the modern era, the term is used to describe decisions and rulings made by scholars in historic religious law.
Stephanie Gricius
Stephanie Gricius is an American politician. She serves as a Republican member for the 50th district of the Utah House of Representatives. She assumed office in January 2023.

Gricius began her political career in 2014,
successfully running for city council in Eagle Mountain, Utah due to
her opposition to a proposal to relocate the Utah State Prison to Eagle Mountain.
She assumed office in 2015, serving
until January 2020..
During her time on the Council, Meta Platforms (then Facebook) built a 970,000 square foot datacenter in Eagle Mountain, and Tyson Foods built a case-ready beef and pork plant that was to initially create 800 jobs.

Gricius served as precinct chair for her district for the Utah County Republican Party from 2016 to 2021.

Eagle Mountain, Utah
Eagle Mountain is a city in Utah County, Utah. It is part of the Provo–Orem metropolitan area. The city is located to the west as well as north of the Lake Mountains, which are west of Utah Lake. It was incorporated in December 1996 and reclassified as a third-class city on September 4, 2001. Based on current Utah code a municipality achieves "third-class” city status with a population of 30,000 or more but less than 65,000. Eagle Mountain reached a population of 32,179 in 2017 and an estimated 60,575 by 2024, cementing its reputation as one of the fastest-growing communities in the state’s recent history.
Victor Willing
Victor Arthur James Willing (15 January 1928 – 1 June 1988) was a British painter, noted for his original nude studies. He was a friend and colleague of many notable artists, including Elisabeth Frink, Michael Andrews and Francis Bacon. He was married to Portuguese feminist artist Paula Rego.

Extramarital sex
Extramarital sex is sexual activity in which at least one sex partner is a married person and the partners are not married to each other. The term may be distinguished from premarital sex where neither partner is married.

Where extramarital sex does not breach a sexual norm, it may be referred to as consensual non-monogamy (see also polyamory).  Where extramarital sex does breach a sexual norm, it may be referred to as adultery or non-monogamy (sexual acts between a married person and a person other than the legal spouse), fornication, bigamy, philandering, or infidelity. These varying terms imply both immoral or religious consequences, charged whether via civil law or religious law.
Second Creek (Mississippi)
Second Creek is a waterway in the southern section of Adams County, Mississippi, United States. Second Creek is tributary to the Homochitto River.: 15  It enters the Homochitto near U.S. Route 61 bridge at Doloroso.

The Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto visited what is called White Apple Village, the settlement of Natchez chief Great Sun, along Second Creek, in approximately 1541.: 5  In the 1790s, pollution from the process of producing indigo dye killed many of the fish that lived in Second Creek. An attempted slave revolt, sometimes known as the Second Creek Slave Conspiracy, was suppressed in the vicinity of Second Creek in 1860.

Doloroso, Mississippi
Doloroso is an unincorporated community in Wilkinson County, Mississippi, United States near the county seat Woodville and the Homochitto National Forest. The community rests on U.S. Route 61.

31°18′19″N 91°21′34″W﻿ / ﻿31.30528°N 91.35944°W﻿ / 31.30528; -91.35944
Kasnazani
At-Tariqah Al-Aliyyah Al-Qadiriyyah Al-Kasnazaniyyah (Arabic: Arabic: العلية القادرية الكسنزانية, shortly known as  Kasnazani - Arabic: Arabic: كسنزني and occasionally as Al-Kasnazani Arabic: الكسنزاني, Kurdish: کەسنەزانی) is a Sufi order popular in Iraq and Iran, and a sub-order of the Qadiri order. It is the largest tariqah in Iraq, and is spread widely across neighbouring countries. Its spiritual lineage to the Islamic Prophet Muhammad passes through his cousin and son-in-law Ali Ibn Abi Talib. The present spiritual master of the Kasnazani order is As Sayyed As Shaikh Nehro Abdul Kareem Al-Kasnazani Al-Qadiri Al-Hussaini, a descendant of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad through the lineage of his grandson Imam Husain ibn Ali. The Kasnazani order makes no distinction between Sunni and Shia followers.

Silsila
Silsila (Arabic: سِلْسِلَة) is an Arabic word meaning chain, link, connection often used in various senses of lineage. In particular, it may be translated as "spiritual genealogy" where one Sufi Master transfers his khilafat to his khalîfa, or spiritual descendant. In Urdu, silsila means saga.
1997 Big 12 Conference softball tournament
The 1997 Big 12 Conference softball tournament was held at ASA Hall of Fame Stadium in Oklahoma City, OK from May 2 through May 4, 1997. Missouri won their first conference tournament and earned the Big 12 Conference's automatic bid to the 1997 NCAA Division I softball tournament.

Missouri, Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska and Oklahoma State received bids to the NCAA tournament.

Devon Park (stadium)
Devon Park, originally known as the  Don E. Porter ASA Hall of Fame Stadium from 1987 to 2017 and USA Softball Hall of Fame Stadium, until 2024, is softball-specific ballpark located inside the USA Softball Hall of Fame Complex in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States. It seats 13,000 and is the site of the annual Women's College World Series. From 2023 to 2024, Hall of Fame Stadium was home to the Oklahoma City Spark, the city's professional softball team.
Dutch Type Library
Dutch Type Library is a digital font foundry based in 's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands, established in 1990 by Frank E. Blokland. DTL designs digital fonts and develops font software. Alongside original designs such as the Documenta and Caspari families, DTL has published work inspired by the work of Dutch type designers of the past, including revivals of the work of Hendrik van den Keere, Christoffel van Dijck, Joan Michaël Fleischman, Jacques François Rosart and Jan van Krimpen. Blokland received a doctorate on the spacing and proportions of early metal type from Leiden University in 2016.

's-Hertogenbosch
's-Hertogenbosch (Dutch: [ˌsɛrtoːɣə(m)ˈbɔs] ⓘ), colloquially known as Den Bosch (pronounced [dɛm ˈbɔs] ⓘ), is a city and municipality in the Netherlands with a population of 160,783. It is the capital of the province of North Brabant and its fourth largest city by population. The city is directly south of the Maas river and near the Waal.
Brawling (legal definition)
Brawling (probably connected with German language brüllen, to roar, shout), in law, was the offence of quarrelling, or creating a disturbance in a church or churchyard. Brawling was covered in ecclesiastic courts until 1860. It has rarely been prosecuted since then.

Ecclesiastical court
In organized Christianity, an ecclesiastical court, also called court Christian or court spiritual, is any of certain non-adversarial courts conducted by church-approved officials having jurisdiction mainly in spiritual or religious matters. Historically, they interpret or apply canon law. One of its primary bases was the Corpus Juris Civilis of Justinian, which is also considered the source of the civil law legal tradition.

In the United Kingdom, secular courts that took over the functions of the ecclesiastic courts, e.g. in family law, are still known as courts ecclesiastical as distinct from courts temporal.
Bolognetta
Bolognetta (Sicilian: Bulugnetta) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Palermo in the Italian region Sicily, located about 20 kilometres (12 mi) southeast of Palermo.

In the 17th century Bolognetta was a fief of the Mancini family with the name of Ogliastro.

Bolognetta borders the following municipalities: Baucina, Casteldaccia, Marineo, Misilmeri, Ventimiglia di Sicilia, Villafrati.

Sicilian language
Sicilian (sicilianu, pronounced [sɪʃɪˈljaːnʊ, sɪdʒɪˈljaːnʊ]; Italian: siciliano) is a Romance language that is spoken on the island of Sicily and its satellite islands.
It belongs to the broader Extreme Southern Italian language group (Italian: italiano meridionale estremo).

Ethnologue (see below for more detail) describes Sicilian as being "distinct enough from Standard Italian to be considered a separate language", and it is recognized as a minority language by UNESCO. It has been referred to as a language by the Sicilian Region. It has the oldest literary tradition of the Italo-Romance languages. A version of the UNESCO Courier is also available in Sicilian.
Maureen Cannon
Maureen Cannon (November 22, 1922 – January 25, 2007) was an American poet. She published more than 1,000 poems in Good Housekeeping, Ladies' Home Journal, McCall's, Reader's Digest, Light Quarterly, and a great variety of other publications. She was a regular contributor, always in verse, to more than one section of The New York Times.

Cannon's prolific publishing career did not begin until she was in her 40s, when a friend sent two of her poems to Babytalk magazine. She became a member of the Bards' Buffet, a group of light poets (including Alma Denny, Willard R. Espy, Louis Phillips, and Bob McKenty) who occasionally dined together in New York City, and won prizes for both her serious and her light verse.

McCall's
McCall's was a monthly American women's magazine, published by the McCall Corporation, that enjoyed great popularity through much of the 20th century, peaking at a readership of 8.4 million in the early 1960s. The publication was established as a small-format magazine called The Queen in 1873. In 1897 it was renamed McCall's Magazine—The Queen of Fashion (later shortened to McCall's) and subsequently grew in size to become a large-format glossy. It was one of the "Seven Sisters" group of women's service magazines.

McCall's published fiction by such well-known authors as Alice Adams, Lester Atwell, Ray Bradbury, Gelett Burgess, Willa Cather, Jack Finney, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Barbara Garson, John Steinbeck, Tim O'Brien, Tony J. Caridi, Anne Tyler and Kurt Vonnegut.
Evelyn Tweed
Evelyn Tweed is a Scottish politician who has been the Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for Stirling since 2021. A member of the Scottish National Party (SNP), she was a councillor in Stirling for Trossachs and Teith ward from 2017 to 2022.

Member of the Scottish Parliament
Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP; Scottish Gaelic: Ball Pàrlamaid na h-Alba, BPA; Scots: Memmer o the Scots Pairliament, MSP) is the title given to any one of the 129 individuals elected to serve in the Scottish Parliament.
Brooke Ackerly
Brooke A. Ackerly is an American political scientist and Professor of Political Science at Vanderbilt University with affiliations to the Human and Organizational Development Department, Law School, Philosophy Department, and Women's and Gender Studies Program, noted for her research on grounded normative theory, feminist theory, feminist international relations, and scholar activism.

Feminism in international relations
Feminism is a broad term given to works of those scholars who have sought to bring gender concerns into the academic study of international politics and who have used feminist theory and sometimes queer theory to better understand global politics and international relations as a whole.
2009 Tour de Langkawi
The 2009 Tour de Langkawi was the 14th edition of the Tour de Langkawi, a cycling stage race that took place in Malaysia. The race began on 9 February in Putrajaya and ended on 15 February in Dataran Merdeka, Kuala Lumpur. In fact this race was sanctioned by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) as a 2.HC (hors category) race on the 2008–09 UCI Asia Tour calendar.

Colombian cyclist, José Serpa emerged as the winner of the race, followed by Jai Crawford second and Jackson Rodríguez third. Mattia Gavazzi won the points classification category and José Serpa won the mountains classification category. Diquigiovanni–Androni won the team classification category.

Race stage
A race stage, leg, or heat is a unit of a race that has been divided in several parts for the reason such as length of the distance to be covered, as in a multi-day event. Usually, such a race consists of "ordinary" stages, but sometimes stages are held as an individual time trial or a team time trial. Long races such as the Tour de France, Absa Cape Epic or the Giro d'Italia are known for their stages of one day each, whereas the boat sailing Velux 5 Oceans Race is broken down in usually four stages of several weeks duration each, where the competitors are racing continuously day and night. In bicycling and running events, a race with stages is known as a stage race. Other examples include ultramarathons and adventure racing.
Cleithrolepis
Cleithrolepis is an extinct genus of freshwater ray-finned fish that lived from the Induan age (Early Triassic epoch) to the Anisian (Middle Triassic) in what is now Australia (New South Wales, Tasmania) and Libya. A species from Late Triassic Germany, C. brueckneri, was also ascribed to Cleithrolepis.

Late Triassic
The Late Triassic is the third and final epoch of the Triassic Period in the geologic time scale, spanning the time between 237 Ma and 201.4 Ma (million years ago). It is preceded by the Middle Triassic Epoch and followed by the Early Jurassic Epoch. The corresponding series of rock beds is known as the Upper Triassic. The Late Triassic is divided into the Carnian, Norian and Rhaetian ages.

Many of the first dinosaurs evolved during the Late Triassic, including Plateosaurus, Coelophysis, Herrerasaurus, and Eoraptor. The Triassic–Jurassic extinction event began during this epoch and  is one of the five major mass extinction events of the Earth.
Kotórz Wielki
Kotórz Wielki (Polish pronunciation: [ˈkɔtuʂ ˈvjɛlkʲi], additional name in German: Groß Kottorz) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Turawa, within Opole County, Opole Voivodeship, in southern Poland.

Opole County, Opole Voivodeship
Opole County (Polish: powiat opolski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Opole Voivodeship, south-western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Opole, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The county contains four towns: Ozimek, 20 km (12 mi) east of Opole, Niemodlin, 24 km (15 mi) west of Opole, Prószków, 11 km (7 mi) south-west of Opole, and Tułowice, 22 kilometres (14 mi) south-west of Opole.

The county covers an area of 1,586.82 square kilometres (612.7 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 123,487, out of which the population of Ozimek is 8,657, that of Niemodlin is 6,315, that of Tułowice is 4,011, that of Prószków is 2,570, and the rural population is 101,934.
Moscow Flyer Novice Hurdle
The Moscow Flyer Novice Hurdle is a Grade 2 National Hunt hurdle race in Ireland. It is run at Punchestown Racecourse in January, over a distance of about 2 miles (3,219 metres) and during the race there are nine hurdles to be jumped. The race was first run in 2003 and was called the Byrne Group Novice Hurdle, before changing its name in 2009 to honour the racehorse, Moscow Flyer.

Moscow Flyer
Moscow Flyer (10 May 1994 – 21 October 2016) was an Irish-bred and -trained National Hunt horse who ran over distances between 2 miles and 2+1⁄2 miles (3.2–4 km). A top-class horse who achieved a Timeform rating of 184, he won the Queen Mother Champion Chase in 2003 and 2005, the Tingle Creek Chase in 2003 and 2004 and the Arkle Challenge Trophy in 2002.
Pogost, Velsky District, Arkhangelsk Oblast
Pogost (Russian: Погост) is a rural locality (a settlement) and the administrative center of Sudromskoye Rural Settlement of Velsky District, Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. The population was 465 as of 2014. There are 3 streets.

Velsky District
Velsky District (Russian: Ве́льский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the twenty-one in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Velsky Municipal District. It is located in the south of the oblast and borders with Shenkursky District in the north, Ustyansky District in the east, Verkhovazhsky District of Vologda Oblast in the south, Konoshsky District in the west, and with Nyandomsky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 10,060 square kilometers (3,880 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Velsk. Population:  54,792 (2010 Census); 61,819 (2002 Census); 71,474 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Velsk accounts for 43.6% of the district's total population.
Federal Premium Ammunition
Federal Premium Ammunition is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Czechoslovak Group, located in Anoka, Minnesota.  With a workforce of nearly 1,500, Federal manufactures shotshell, centerfire, and rimfire ammunition and components.

Centerfire ammunition
A center-fire (or centerfire) is a type of metallic cartridge used in firearms, where the primer is located at the center of the base of its casing (i.e. "case head").  Unlike rimfire cartridges, the centerfire primer is typically a separate component seated into a recessed cavity (known as the primer pocket) in the case head and is replaceable by reloading the cartridge.

Centerfire cartridges have supplanted the rimfire cartridge, with the exception of a few small calibers. The majority of today's handguns, rifles, and shotguns use centerfire ammunition, with the exception of some .17 caliber, .20 caliber, and .22 caliber rimfire handgun and rifle cartridges, a few small-bore/gauge shotgun shells (intended mainly for use in pest control), and a handful of antiquated rimfire and pinfire cartridges for various firearm actions.
Fengjie County
Fengjie County (simplified Chinese: 奉节县; traditional Chinese: 奉節縣; pinyin: Fèngjié Xiàn) is a county of Chongqing Municipality, China. It is on the Yangtze River; located within a couple hundreds kilometers upstream from  the Three Gorges Dam, it is within the dam's affected area.

The county's most famous geographical feature is the Qutang Gorge, the first of the Yangtze's Three Gorges.

Notable karst phenomena, including the Xiaozhai Tiankeng sinkhole are located within the county.

It is the place where Still Life was shot, a film by Jia Zhangke that won the 2006 Venice Film Festival (Golden Lion).

Qutang Gorge
The Qutang Gorge (simplified Chinese: 瞿塘峡; traditional Chinese: 瞿塘峽; pinyin: Qútáng Xiá) is the shortest of China's Three Gorges. Immediately downstream of the ancient Baidicheng (白帝城) fortress, the Yangtze River passes between the Chijia Mountain (赤甲山) on the north and the Baiyan Mountain (白鹽山) on the south. The point where the river passes between these mountains is called the Kuimen (夔門) and it is the entrance to the Qutang Gorge – the first of the three Yangtze gorges. The Qutang Gorge is only 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) long, but it is also the narrowest of the Three Gorges. The widest point measures only 150 metres (500 ft) wide.  The mountains on either side reach as high as 1,200 metres (4,000 ft). This combination of narrow among high mountains with several switchbacks in only 8 kilometres creates spectacular vistas, and the Qutang Gorge is often considered the most beautiful of all Three Gorges.
Akhnaten Spencer-El
Akhnaten "Akhi" Spencer-El (born April 13, 1979) is an American sabre fencer. He competed in the individual sabre event at the 2000 Summer Olympics, finishing 34th. Akhnaten Spencer-El joined the Columbia University fencing coaching staff in September 2013. He served as a coach for the United States in the 2016 Olympics in Rio.

Akhnaten Spencer-El joined the Columbia fencing coaching staff in September 2013.

Sabre
A sabre or (American English) saber (/ˈseɪbər/ SAY-bər) is a type of backsword with a curved blade associated with the light cavalry of the early modern and Napoleonic periods. Originally associated with Central European cavalry such as the hussars, the sabre became widespread in Western Europe during the Thirty Years' War. Lighter sabres also became popular with infantry of the early 17th century. In the 19th century, models with less curving blades became common and were also used by heavy cavalry.

The military sabre was used as a duelling weapon in academic fencing in the 19th century, giving rise to a discipline of modern sabre fencing (introduced in the 1896 Summer Olympics) loosely based on the characteristics of the historical weapon.
Single-crossing condition
In monotone comparative statics, the single-crossing condition or single-crossing property refers to a condition where the relationship between two or more functions is such that they will only cross once. For example, a mean-preserving spread will result in an altered probability distribution whose cumulative distribution function will intersect with the original's only once.

The single-crossing condition was posited in Samuel Karlin's 1968 monograph 'Total Positivity'. It was later used by Peter Diamond, Joseph Stiglitz, and Susan Athey, in studying the economics of uncertainty.

The single-crossing condition is also used in applications where there are a few agents or types of agents that have preferences over an ordered set. Such situations appear often in information economics, contract theory, social choice and political economics, among other fields.

Peter Diamond
Peter Arthur Diamond (born April 29, 1940) is an American economist known for his analysis of U.S. Social Security policy and his work as an advisor to the Advisory Council on Social Security in the late 1980s and 1990s. He was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 2010, along with Dale T. Mortensen and Christopher A. Pissarides. He is an Institute Professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. On June 6, 2011, he withdrew his nomination to serve on the Federal Reserve's board of governors, citing intractable Republican opposition for 14 months.
2010 Faroe Islands Premier League
2010 Faroe Islands Premier League, also known as Vodafonedeildin for sponsoring reasons, was the sixty-eighth season of top-tier football on the Faroe Islands. It began on 31 March 2010 with a match between NSÍ Runavík and ÍF Fuglafjørður and ended on 23 October 2010. HB Tórshavn were the defending champions, having won their 20th league championship last season.

EB/Streymur
EB/Streymur is a Faroese semi-professional football club based in Streymnes and Eiði. The club was founded in 1993, as result of the merger between EB and Streymur. They have won the Faroe Islands Premier League twice and the Faroe Islands Cup four times.