hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Opéra bouffon
Opéra bouffon (French pronunciation: [ɔpeʁa bufɔ̃]) is the French term for the Italian genre of opera buffa (comic opera) performed in 18th-century France, either in the original language or in French translation. It was also applied to original French opéras comiques having Italianate or near-farcical plots.

The term was also later used by Jacques Offenbach for five of his operettas (Orphée aux enfers, Le pont des soupirs, Geneviève de Brabant, Le roman comique and Le voyage de MM. Dunanan père et fils), and is sometimes confused with  the French opéra comique and opéra bouffe.

Le pont des soupirs
Le pont des soupirs  ("The Bridge of Sighs") is an opéra bouffe (or operetta) set in Venice, by Jacques Offenbach, first performed in Paris in 1861.  The French libretto was written by Hector Crémieux and Ludovic Halévy. Plays, including melodramas, set in Venice were quite common in Paris in the early 19th century; the libretto, by the successful team from Orphée aux enfers, also nods towards the operas La reine de Chypre (1841) and Haydée (1847). Gänzl describes the piece as being in Offenbach's "best bouffe manner", noting a "long list of sparkling and funny musical pieces": the multiple serenade beneath Catarina's balcony, the tale of the loss of the Venetian fleet, the parody of an operatic mad scene for Catarina, and a farcical "quatuor des poignards". Offenbach would return to Venice in the Giulietta act of his final work Les Contes d'Hoffmann.
John Howship
John Howship FRS (1781 – 22 January 1841) was an English surgeon remembered for describing the Howship–Romberg sign. He was an assistant surgeon at St. George's Infirmary, London and lecturer at St. George's Hospital Medical School. He was a member of the council of the Royal College of Surgeons at the time of his death from a lower leg abscess.

Howship was an associate of Robert Hooper, working on illustrations for Hooper's books. He also assisted John Heaviside with exhibits for his museum.

St George's, University of London
St George's, University of London (SGUL), legally the St George's Hospital Medical School, was a public university and medical school in South London, England. It was established in 1834 as part of St George's Hospital, which has its origins in 1733 and began formal registration of trainee doctors in 1751. St George's has been affiliated with the University of London since 1838. In 2024, the university merged with City, University of London to form City St George's, University of London.

St George's is closely affiliated to St George's Hospital and is one of the United Hospitals.
Kożyczkowo
Kożyczkowo [kɔʐɨt͡ʂˈkɔvɔ] (Cashubian Kòżëczkòwò) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Chmielno, within Kartuzy County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Kashubian language
Kashubian (/kəˈʃuːbiən/) or Cassubian (/kəˈsuːbiən/; endonym: kaszëbsczi jãzëk; Polish: język kaszubski) is a West Slavic language belonging to the Lechitic subgroup.

Approximately 87,600 people use mainly Kashubian at home. It is the only remnant of the Pomeranian language. It is close to standard Polish with influence from Low German and the extinct Polabian (West Slavic) and Old Prussian (West Baltic) languages.

The Kashubian language exists in two different forms: vernacular dialects used in rural areas, and literary variants used in education.
Jon Powers
Jonathan Powers, commonly called Jon Powers, is an American former soldier, charity organizer, government official, and business executive. He was appointed by President Obama to serve in multiple roles as an energy security expert.

In 2015 Powers founded a financial company, CleanCapital, that invests in clean energy. In this role, Powers was named to Washington Life’s Top 25 Tech Leader for DC, 2016 and to Renewable Energy World's 40 under 40 in 2018.

Energy security
Energy security is the association between national security and the availability of natural resources for energy consumption (as opposed to household energy insecurity). Access to cheaper energy has become essential to the functioning of modern economies. However, the uneven distribution of energy supplies among countries has led to significant vulnerabilities. International energy relations have contributed to the globalization of the world leading to energy security and energy vulnerability at the same time.

Renewable resources and significant opportunities for energy efficiency and transitions exist over wide geographical areas, in contrast to other energy sources, which are concentrated in a limited number of countries. Rapid deployment of wind power and solar power and energy efficiency, and technological diversification of energy sources, would result in significant energy security.
Mabeskraal
Mabeskraal is a town in Bojanala District Municipality in the North West province of South Africa.

Mabeskraal is approximately 72 km from the city of Rustenburg and near to the Pilanesberg and Sun City area.

Pilanesberg
The Pilanesberg (formerly Pilandsberg) is a mountain in the North West Province, South Africa. The mountain is an ancient volcanic structure, circular in shape, that rises from flat surrounding plains. It is formed by three concentric ridges or rings of hills, of which the outermost has a diameter of about 24 km. The Pilanesberg is located 100 km to the North-West of Pretoria and is for the greater part enclosed in a protected area known as Pilanesberg National Park.

The Elands River flows South of the Pilanesberg in an Easterly direction. There are a number of platinum mines right at the perimeter of the crater formation.

The name "Pilanes" comes from a historic Tswana chief named Pilane.
Panhard CRAB
Panhard CRAB  (Combat Reconnaissance Armored Buggy) is a proposed new generation of 4x4 armoured combat vehicle designed and manufactured by Panhard, unveiled Eurosatory in 2012. It was designed as a vehicle candidate for the French Army.

Eurosatory
Eurosatory is the largest international exhibition for the land and air-land defence and security industry. It is held every two years in the Paris-Nord Villepinte Exhibition Centre, Paris, France. In 2024, it gathered over 2000 exhibitors from 61 countries, 334 official delegations from 93 countries, and 75 000+ professional visitors from across the globe. It is organised by COGES Events, a subsidiary of GICAT.

Attendance and participation at the exhibition are reserved for professionals only.
Niklas Forsmoo
Niklas Forsmoo (born 9 April 1983) is a Swedish handball player, currently playing for the Swedish Elitserien side Lugi HF. He has previously played for Swedish Elitserien club IFK Skövde, with whom he won the EHF Challenge Cup in 2004.

Forsmoo has made 5 appearances for the Swedish national handball team.

IFK Skövde
IFK Skövde is a Swedish handball club from Skövde whose roots can be traced back to 1907. The current organization, however, was reorganized in 1991. The team has been in the Handbollsligan (Swedish highest handball league) since the 1990/91 season, when it ended just outside the playoffs.

IFK Skövde has a faithful handball crowd, and IFK Skövde is usually found in the top ranking of the audience in the men's highest division. They reached the Swedish Championship final in 2005, 2007, 2021, and 2022 but never won.
Green death
Green death is a solution used to test the resistance of metals and alloys to corrosion. It consists of a mixture of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, iron(III) chloride and copper(II) chloride and its boiling point is at approximately 103 °C. Its typical chemical composition is given in the table hereafter:

Copper(II) chloride
Copper(II) chloride, also known as cupric chloride, is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula CuCl2. The monoclinic yellowish-brown anhydrous form slowly absorbs moisture to form the orthorhombic blue-green dihydrate CuCl2·2H2O, with two water molecules of hydration. It is industrially produced for use as a co-catalyst in the Wacker process.

Both the anhydrous and the dihydrate forms occur naturally as the rare minerals tolbachite and eriochalcite, respectively.
1974–75 Ronchetti Cup
The 1974–75 Ronchetti Cup was the fourth edition of FIBA's second-tier competition for European women's basketball clubs, previously named FIBA Women's European Cup Winners' Cup. It was renamed in memory of Italian player Liliana Ronchetti, who had died in February 1974 of cancer at the age of 26. It was contested by 30 teams from 15 countries, 17 more contestants than in the previous season, with Austria, Sweden and Switzerland making their debut, and so three qualifying rounds were held instead of two. Spartak Leningrad, which had already dominated the Cup Winners' Cup, defeated Levski-Spartak Sofia in the final to win its fourth title in a row.

BC Levski Sofia
Basketball Club Levski Sofia (Bulgarian: Баскетболен клуб Левски София), simply known as Levski (Bulgarian: Левски), is a Bulgarian professional basketball club based in the capital Sofia. It is the basketball section of Levski Sofia sports club.
Armand Hammer
Armand Hammer (May 21, 1898: 16  – December 10, 1990) was an American oil tycoon, entrepreneur, and philanthropist.

The son of a Russian-born communist activist, Hammer trained as a physician before beginning his career in trade with the newly established Soviet Union. Having made his fortune in pharmaceuticals and whiskey, he nearly retired before coming into control of the then-failing Occidental Petroleum in 1956. He spent the next 33 years as chief executive officer and chairman of the company, overseeing its growth to become one of the largest companies in the US. Called "Lenin's chosen capitalist" by the press, he was also known for his art collection and his close ties to the Soviet Union.

Hammer's business interests around the world and his "citizen diplomacy" helped him cultivate a wide network of friends and associates.

Hallmark
A hallmark is an official mark or series of marks struck on items made of metal, mostly to certify the content of noble metals—such as platinum, gold, silver and in some nations, palladium. In a more general sense, the term hallmark is used to refer to any standard of quality. Not to be confused with responsibility marks that are the marks of the maker.
2023 Nigeria floods
Starting in March 2023, Nigeria experienced a series of flooding events that led to nationwide disruptions, but with concentrated economic effects in southern Nigeria. The increased flood season was first predicted by a seasonal report in January 2023 by the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NiMet) predicted an early start of rains. Following the unusual flooding season, the National Emergency Management Agency said in October that more than 33,000 people nationwide were impacted by the flood disaster.

According to information released by the National Emergency Management Agency, or NEMA, 33,983 people nationwide were already impacted by the 2023 flood. A December 2023 report by the National Beauraeu of Statistics found that the season cost $9 billion USD in economic damage.

National Emergency Management Agency (Nigeria)
The National Emergency Management Agency is an agency in Nigeria. The agency focuses on disaster management in all parts of the country. The agency was established in 1999, and functions to formulate policies relating to disaster management in Nigeria.

Directors general included:

Muhammad Sani-Sidi

Abbas Idriss

Zubaida Umar

The agency coordinates with state-level emergency agencies called States’ Emergency Management Agencies, such as the Edo State Emergency Management Agency. These agencies were authorized by the NEMA act which created the national service. As of 2011, 26 of the 36 states of Nigeria had state level agencies.
Oltedalsvatnet
Oltedalsvatnet is a lake in the municipality of Gjesdal in Rogaland county, Norway.  The 3.12-square-kilometre (1.20 sq mi) lake lies just south of the village of Oltedal.  It is a reservoir along the river Oltedalsåna that is used to store water for the Oltedal Hydroelectric Power Station.  The lake sits at an elevation of 101.5 to 112.5 metres (333 to 369 ft) and it holds about 28,800,000 cubic metres (23,300 acre⋅ft; 37,700,000 cu yd).

Cubic metre
The cubic metre (in Commonwealth English and international spelling as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures) or cubic meter (in American English) is the unit of volume in the International System of Units (SI). Its symbol is m3. It is the volume of a cube with edges one metre in length.  An alternative name, which allowed a different usage with metric prefixes, was the stère, still sometimes used for dry measure (for instance, in reference to wood). Another alternative name, no longer widely used, was the kilolitre.
Cuban long-nosed toad
The Cuban long-nosed toad (Peltophryne longinasus), or Stejneger's Caribbean toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Cuba and only known from three widely separated populations. 
Its natural habitats are upland pinewoods and mesic broadleaf forests. It is always found by streams. It is threatened by habitat loss caused by logging, charcoaling, fires, and agricultural expansion.

True toad
A true toad is any member of the family Bufonidae, in the order Anura (frogs and toads). This is the only family of anurans in which all members are known as toads, although some may be called frogs (such as harlequin frogs). The bufonids now comprise more than 35 genera, Bufo being the best known.
Uruguayans
Uruguayans (Spanish: uruguayos) are people identified with the country of Uruguay, through citizenship or descent. Uruguay is home to people of different ethnic origins. As a result, many Uruguayans do not equate their nationality with ethnicity, but with citizenship and their allegiance to Uruguay. Colloquially, primarily among other Spanish-speaking Latin American nations, Uruguayans are also referred to as "orientals [as in Easterners]" (Spanish: orientales).

Uruguay is, along with much of the Americas, a melting pot of different peoples, with the difference that it has traditionally maintained a model that promotes cultural assimilation, hence the different cultures have been absorbed by the mainstream. Uruguay has one of the most homogeneous populations in South America; the most common ethnic backgrounds by far being those from Spain, Italy, Germany and France i.e. Spanish Uruguayans, Italian Uruguayans, German Uruguayans, French Uruguayans and Polish Uruguayans.

Candombe
Candombe is a style of music and dance that originated in Uruguay among the descendants of liberated African slaves. In 2009, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) inscribed candombe in its Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.

To a lesser extent, candombe is practiced in Argentina, Paraguay, and Brazil. In Argentina, it can be found in Buenos Aires, Santa Fe, Paraná, and Corrientes. In Paraguay, this tradition continues in Camba Cuá and in Fernando de la Mora near Asunción. In Brazil, candombe retains its religious character and can be found in the states of Minas Gerais and Rio Grande do Sul.

This Uruguayan music style is based on three different drums: chico, repique, and piano drums. It is usually played in February during carnival in Montevideo at dance parades called llamadas and desfile inaugural del carnaval.
In the Twilight
In the Twilight is a 1915 American silent short drama film directed by Tom Ricketts. The film stars Perry Banks, Charlotte Burton, Reaves Eason, David Lythgoe, Louise Lester, Vivian Rich, and Harry Van Meter.

It is a two-reel film that was released on February 15, 1915. Based on the song "Love's Old Sweet Song", the movie is interspersed with lyrics from the piece.

David Lythgoe
David Lythgoe (born c.1880) was an American silent film actor of the early period. He is best known for his work between 1912 and 1915 in short film under the directorship of Tom Ricketts.

He starred alongside prominent actors of the early period such as Charlotte Burton, William Garwood, Vivian Rich, Harry von Meter and Louise Lester in films such as She Never Knew, The Echo and The Two Sentences.
James P. Glynn
James Peter Glynn (November 12, 1867 – March 6, 1930) was a U.S. representative from Connecticut.

Born in Winsted, Connecticut, the son of Irish immigrants, Glynn attended the public schools.
He studied law.
He was admitted to the bar in 1895 and commenced practice in Winsted, Connecticut.
Town clerk 1892-1902.
He served as prosecuting attorney of the town court 1899-1902.
Postmaster of Winsted 1902-1914.

Glynn was elected as a Republican to the Sixty-fourth and to the three succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1915 – March 3, 1923).
He served as chairman of the Committee on Expenditures in the Post Office Department (Sixty-seventh Congress).
He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1922 to the Sixty-eighth Congress.

Glynn was elected to the Sixty-ninth, Seventieth, and Seventy-first Congresses and served from March 4, 1925, until his death on a train near Washington, D.C., March 6, 1930.
He was interred in the new St. Joseph's Cemetery, Winsted, Connecticut.

64th United States Congress
The 64th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from March 4, 1915, to March 4, 1917, during the third and fourth years of Woodrow Wilson's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1910 United States census.

The Democrats maintained a majority in both chambers (albeit reduced in the House) and, along with President Wilson, also maintained an overall federal government trifecta.
Members of the Victorian Legislative Assembly, 1970–1973
This is a list of members of the Victorian Legislative Assembly from 1970 to 1973, as elected at the 1970 state election:

1  On 5 March 1971, the Liberal member for Kew and Deputy Premier, Sir Arthur Rylah, resigned due to ill health. Liberal candidate and former East Yarra Province MLC Rupert Hamer won the resulting by-election on 17 April 1971.

2  In October 1971, the Liberal member for Gisborne, Julian Doyle, resigned. The Liberal candidate and former member of The Seekers, Athol Guy, won the resulting by-election in December.

3  On 9 May 1972, the Labor member for Melbourne, Arthur Clarey, died. Labor candidate Barry Jones was elected unopposed at the close of nominations for the resulting by-election on 9 June 1972.

4  On 23 August 1972, the Liberal member for Hampden and retiring Premier of Victoria, Sir Henry Bolte, resigned. Liberal candidate Tom Austin won the resulting by-election on 7 October 1972.

1971 Kew state by-election
A by-election for the seat of Kew was held on 17 April 1971 following the resignation of then Deputy Premier, Arthur Rylah. The by-election was won by Liberal candidate, Rupert Hamer, he won with a 64.8% primary vote and a swing of 23.1% in his primary vote.
Charles A. Lane
Charles A. Lane (August 10, 1825 – May 6, 1906) was an American politician who was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly in 1882 and 1883. Additionally, he was postmaster and town clerk of Plover, Portage County, Wisconsin and a justice of the peace. In 1876, he was a candidate for county treasurer of Portage County, Wisconsin. Lane was Republican. He was born on August 10, 1825, in Springport, New York.

Springport, New York
Springport is a town in Cayuga County, New York, United States. The population was 2,367 at the 2010 census. The name is derived from the local springs and lakeports. Springport is on the western border of the county and is southwest of Auburn.
Arthurson Ridge
Arthurson Ridge is a short coastal ridge or promontory, a northern extension from the Wilson Hills, rising between Cook Ridge and the terminus of McLeod Glacier at the head of Davies Bay, Antarctica. It was photographed from aircraft of U.S. Navy Operation Highjump, 1946–47, and first visited by an Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions (ANARE) airborne field party in March 1961. It was named for J. Arthurson, helicopter pilot with ANARE on the MV Magga Dan in 1961.

Operation Highjump
Operation HIGHJUMP, officially titled The United States Navy Antarctic Developments Program, 1946–1947, (also called Task Force 68), was a United States Navy (USN) operation to establish the Antarctic research base Little America IV. The operation was organized by Rear Admiral Richard E. Byrd, Jr., USN, Officer in Charge, Task Force 68, and led by Rear Admiral Ethan Erik Larson, USN, Commanding Officer, Task Force 68. Operation HIGHJUMP commenced 26 August 1946 and ended in late February 1947. Task Force 68 included 4,700 men, 13 ships, and 33 aircraft.
Achyranthes atollensis
Achyranthes atollensis (also called atoll achyranthes or Hawaiʻi chaff flower) was a species of plant in the family Amaranthaceae. It was endemic to the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands of Kure, Midway, Laysan and the Pearl and Hermes Atoll. Its natural habitat was sandy shores. It became extinct due to habitat loss (residential, commercial and military installation development) and the introduction of non-native species, and was last seen in 1964. It was a perennial shrub living in dry shrublands on calcareous sand and atolls.

Laysan
Laysan (/ˈlaɪsɑːn/; Hawaiian: Kauō [kɐwˈoː]) is one of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, located 808 nautical miles (930 mi; 1,496 km) northwest of Honolulu. It has one land mass of 1,016 acres (411 ha), about 1 by 1+1⁄2 miles (1.6 by 2.4 km) in size. It is an atoll of sorts, although the land completely surrounds Laysan Lake, some 2.4 m (7.9 ft) above sea level, that has a salinity approximately three times greater than the ocean. Laysan's Hawaiian name, Kauō, means "egg".

It was mined for guano in the late 19th century and early 1900s, which resulted in the release of rabbits who had been brought in for food. After mining ceased, the rabbits ate up the natural vegetation causing dozens of plant and one bird species to go extinct. The rabbits were removed by 1923, and the island has been a nature reserve since.  
The island is the home of the rarest duck in the world, the Laysan Duck.
Olivier Mahafaly Solonandrasana
Olivier Mahafaly Solonandrasana (born 21 June 1964, Nosy Be, Madagascar) is a Madagascar politician who was Prime Minister of Madagascar from 2016 to 2018. He succeeded Jean Ravelonarivo. Until his appointment as Prime Minister he was Minister of Interior.

On 4 June 2018, he announced his resignation.

He was candidate at the 2018 Malagasy presidential election but he obtained only 0.47% of the votes.

2018 Malagasy presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Madagascar on 7 November 2018. As no candidate received a majority of the vote, a second round involving the top two candidates, Andry Rajoelina and Marc Ravalomanana, was held on 19 December. On 27 December Rajoelina was announced as the winner with 56% of the vote.
Temperature of Love
Temperature of Love (Korean: 사랑의 온도) is a 2017 South Korean television series written by Ha Myung-hee and starring Seo Hyun-jin, Yang Se-jong, Kim Jae-wook and Jo Bo-ah. It is based on the screenwriter's own novel titled Good Soup Never Picks up the Phone, released in 2014. It aired on SBS TV from September 18 to November 21, 2017, every Monday and Tuesday at 22:00 (KST) for 40 episodes.

SBS TV
SBS TV (Seoul Broadcasting System Television) is a South Korean free-to-air television channel operated by Seoul Broadcasting System. The channel was launched on 9 December 1991. Unlike competing network MBC, SBS operates using a federalized structure, managing a network of nine stations (of which SBS in Seoul is the flagship) to supply programming, while the affiliates outside Seoul carry local programming to cater to local needs.