hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2019 Swiss Open (badminton)
The 2019 Swiss Open (officially known as the Yonex Swiss Open 2019 for sponsorship reasons) was a badminton tournament which took place at St. Jakobshalle in Basel, Switzerland, from 12 to 17 March 2019 and had a total purse of $150,000.

Marcus Ellis
Marcus Ellis (born 14 September 1989) is a British badminton player. He was the men's doubles champion in the English National Championships. Ellis and Chris Langridge won a bronze medal in the men's doubles at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, also gold medal at the 2018 Commonwealth Games in Gold Coast, Australia. At the 2019 Minsk European Games, Ellis captured two gold medals; in the men's doubles with Langridge and in the mixed doubles event with Lauren Smith.
Beth Pasternak
Beth Pasternak is a Canadian costume designer. She has worked on films with director Atom Egoyan, such as The Sweet Hereafter (1997), Ararat (2002) and Where the Truth Lies, as well as Kevin Smith's 2011 horror film Red State.

Pasternak was nominated for the Genie Award for Best Costume Design for The Sweet Hereafter. For Ararat, she had to have historically modeled costumes made by hand, and won the Genie Award for Best Costume Design.

Ararat (film)
Ararat is a 2002 historical-drama film written and directed by Atom Egoyan and starring Charles Aznavour, Christopher Plummer, David Alpay, Arsinée Khanjian, Eric Bogosian, Bruce Greenwood, and Elias Koteas. It is about a family and film crew in Toronto working on a film based loosely on the 1915 defense of Van during the Armenian genocide. In addition to exploring the human impact of that specific historical event, Ararat examines the nature of truth and its representation through art. The genocide is denied by the Government of Turkey, an issue that partially inspired and is explored in the film.

The film was featured out of competition at the 2002 Cannes Film Festival. It won five awards at the 23rd Genie Awards, including Best Motion Picture.
Angel Voivoda (village)
Angel Voivoda (village) is a village in the municipality of Mineralni bani, in Haskovo Province, in southern Bulgaria.

As of 31 December 2016 the village of Angel Voivoda has 443 inhabitants. The village is entirely inhabited by ethnic  Turks.

Haskovo Province
41°50′N 25°55′E﻿ / ﻿41.833°N 25.917°E﻿ / 41.833; 25.917

Haskovo Province (Bulgarian: Област Хасково, romanized: Oblast Haskovo; former name Haskovo okrug) is a province in southern Bulgaria, neighbouring Greece and Turkey to the southeast, comprising parts of the Thracian valley along the river Maritsa. It is named after its administrative and industrial centre: the city of Haskovo. The province has a territory of 5,533.3 km2 (2,136.4 sq mi) that is divided into 11 municipalities with a total population, as of December 2009, of 256,408 inhabitants.
Fields Heirs
Fields Heirs, also known as Fields House, was a historic home located at Middletown, New Castle County, Delaware.  It was built about 1820, and was a 2+1⁄2-story, five-bay by two-bay center-hall plan residence with a 1+1⁄2-story rear wing forming an L-shaped house. It sat on a stone foundation and had a gable roof.  Also on the property was a contributing drive-through granary.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985 and demolished between 1992 and 2002.

New Castle County, Delaware
New Castle County is the northernmost of the three counties of the U.S. state of Delaware (New Castle, Kent, and Sussex). As of the 2020 census, the population was 570,719, making it the most populous county in Delaware, with nearly 60% of the state's population of 989,948. The county seat is Wilmington, which is also the state's most populous city. New Castle County is included in the Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD Metropolitan Statistical Area. The county is named after William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle (c. 1593–1676). New Castle County has the highest population and population density of any Delaware county, and it is the smallest county in the state by area. It has more people than the other two counties, Kent and Sussex, combined. It is also the most economically developed of the three.
Zeldovich number
The Zeldovich number is a dimensionless number which provides a quantitative measure for the activation energy of a chemical reaction which appears in the Arrhenius exponent, named after the Russian scientist Yakov Borisovich Zeldovich, who along with David A. Frank-Kamenetskii, first introduced in their paper in 1938. In 1983, ICDERS meeting at Poitiers, it was decided that the non-dimensional number will be named after Zeldovich.

It is defined as

where

is the activation energy of the reaction

is the universal gas constant

is the burnt gas temperature

is the unburnt mixture temperature.

In terms of heat release parameter , it is given by

For typical combustion phenomena, the value for Zel'dovich number lies in the range . Activation energy asymptotics uses this number as the large parameter of expansion.

Yakov Zeldovich
Yakov Borisovich Zeldovich ForMemRS (Russian: Я́ков Бори́сович Зельдо́вич, Belarusian: Я́каў Бары́савіч Зяльдо́віч; 8 March 1914 – 2 December 1987), also known as YaB, D.S. was a leading Soviet physicist of Belarusian origin, who is known for his prolific contributions in physical cosmology, physics of thermonuclear reactions, combustion, and hydrodynamical phenomena.

From 1943, Zeldovich, a self-taught physicist, started his career by playing a crucial role in the development of the former Soviet program of nuclear weapons. In 1963, he returned to academia to embark on pioneering contributions on the fundamental understanding of the thermodynamics of black holes and expanding the scope of physical cosmology.
Cunningham function
In statistics, the Cunningham function or Pearson–Cunningham function ωm,n(x) is a generalisation of a special function introduced by Pearson (1906) and studied in the form here by Cunningham (1908). It can be defined in terms of  the confluent hypergeometric function U, by

The function was studied by Cunningham in the context of a multivariate generalisation of the Edgeworth expansion for approximating a probability density function based on its (joint) moments. In a more general context, the function is related to the solution of the constant-coefficient diffusion equation, in one or more dimensions.

The function ωm,n(x) is a solution of the differential equation for X:

The special function studied by Pearson is given, in his notation by,

Moment (mathematics)
Moments of a function in mathematics are certain quantitative measures related to the shape of the function's graph. For example, if the function represents mass density, then the zeroth moment is the total mass, the first moment (normalized by total mass) is the center of mass, and the second moment is the moment of inertia. If the function is a probability distribution, then the first moment is the expected value, the second central moment is the variance, the third standardized moment is the skewness, and the fourth standardized moment is the kurtosis.

For a distribution of mass or probability on a bounded interval, the collection of all the moments (of all orders, from 0 to ∞) uniquely determines the distribution (Hausdorff moment problem). The same is not true on unbounded intervals (Hamburger moment problem).

In the mid-nineteenth century, Pafnuty Chebyshev became the first person to think systematically in terms of the moments of random variables.
Roger Owen (MP)
Sir Roger Owen (1573 – 29 May 1617) was an English lawyer and Member of Parliament during the late Elizabethan and early Jacobean periods.

He was the eldest son of Thomas Owen of Condover, Shropshire. Owen was educated at Shrewsbury School in 1583 and matriculated at Christ Church, Oxford, receiving a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1592. He trained in law at Lincoln's Inn beginning in 1589 and was called to the bar in 1597.

In 1598, following the death of his father, he inherited the family estate, Condover Hall, which had been constructed for him by Thomas Owen. He was subsequently knighted in 1604.

Shrewsbury School
Shrewsbury School is a private school in Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England.

It was founded in 1552 by Edward VI by royal charter, to replace the town's Anglo-Saxon collegiate foundations which were disestablished in the sixteenth century. It is one of the seven public schools in the UK subject to the Public Schools Act 1868 and one of the nine schools reviewed by the Clarendon Commission between 1861 and 1864. The school is notable for being the education site of renowned scientist Charles Darwin.

It was originally founded as a boarding school for boys. In 2008, however, girls were accepted in the sixth form. Since 2015 Shrewsbury School has been a co-educational school. As at Michaelmas Term 2023, Shrewsbury School had 842 pupils: 522 boys and 320 girls. The school has seven boys', and five girls' houses. Alumni of the school are known as Old Salopians.

The present school site, to which the school moved in 1882, is on the south bank of the River Severn.
Global Indian Pravasi Kabaddi League
Global Indian Pravasi Kabaddi League (GI-PKL) is a professional kabaddi league in India, organized by the Holistic International Pravasi Sports Association (HIPSA). Launched on April 18, 2025, in Gurugram, Haryana, the league features 12 teams, comprising six men's and six women's teams, each representing regional identities of India. The inaugural season, broadcast on Sony Sports Network and FanCode, DD Sports and on Waves and it was concluded on April 30, 2025, with Marathi Vultures winning the men's title, Tamil Lioness winning the women's title, and Tamil Lioness also receiving the Championship Trophy.

DD Sports
DD Sports is an Indian state-owned sports television channel, founded by the Government of India, owned by the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. It telecasting from Central Production Centre in Delhi, India. It is a part of the Doordarshan family of networks, and is the main public sports broadcaster in India.
Capital Midlands
Capital Midlands is a regional radio station owned and operated by Global as part of the Capital network. It broadcasts to Birmingham, parts of the Black Country and the East Midlands from studios at Brindleyplace in Birmingham City Centre.

The station launched in April 2019 as a result of a merger between Capital Birmingham and Capital East Midlands.

Global Media & Entertainment
Global Media & Entertainment Limited, trading as Global, is a British media company formed in 2007. It is the owner of the largest commercial radio company in Europe having expanded through a number of historical acquisitions, including Chrysalis Radio, GCap Media, and GMG Radio. Global owns and operates seven core radio brands, all employing a national network strategy, including Capital, Heart, Smooth, Radio X, Gold, Classic FM, and LBC.

Global is also one of the leading out-of-home advertising (OOH) companies in the UK.
Vajazzle
A vajazzle, also occasionally spelled vagazzle and sometimes nicknamed glitter pubes, is a form of genital decoration. The word is a portmanteau of vajayjay (a euphemism for vagina) and bedazzle. The process of creating a vajazzle is known as vajazzling. It involves the application of crystal ornaments onto the shaved mons pubis of a woman.

Vajazzling is typically carried out at beauty salons. Initially any pubic hair is removed from the mons pubis, typically by a bikini wax, after which rhinestones, Swarovski crystals or gemstones are glued onto the area. The result can last for up to seven days. The purpose of vajazzling is the visual aesthetic. There are no benefits in terms of sexual pleasure. Bruising or cuts can occur from the crystals during sexual intercourse. If glue is applied too soon after the pubic hair removal, it can cause an allergic reaction or bacterial infection. Vajazzling can also increase the risks of infection if it is not properly cleaned.

Rhinestone
A rhinestone, paste or diamanté (UK: /ˌdiːəˈmɒnteɪ/ DEE-ə-MON-tay, US: /ˌdiːəmɒnˈteɪ/ DEE-ə-mon-TAY) is a diamond simulant originally made from rock crystal but since the 19th century from crystal glass or polymers such as acrylic.
Maryville Saints
The Maryville Saints are the athletic teams that represent Maryville University of St. Louis, located in Town and Country, Missouri, in NCAA Division II intercollegiate sports. The Saints compete as members of the West Division of the Great Lakes Valley Conference (GLVC) for 23 of their 24 varsity sports. The only current exception is men's volleyball, in which it competes as a de facto Division I independent. Men's volleyball will move to the GLVC when the conference begins sponsoring that sport in the 2026 season (2025–26 school year). Maryville has been a full member of the GLVC since 2009 and became an active member of Division II in July 2011.

The Saints had formerly competed in the St. Louis Intercollegiate Athletic Conference, a Division III conference, since 1989 and had competed in Division III sports since 1978.

St. Louis Intercollegiate Athletic Conference
The St. Louis Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SLIAC) is an intercollegiate athletic conference that competes in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division III which is located in the Midwestern and Southern United States.  There are 9 full member institutions as of the 2025–26 academic year.
Jang Soo-ji
Jang Soo-ji (Korean: 장수지; born 21 November 1987) is a South Korean field hockey player. At the 2012 Summer Olympics she competed with the Korea women's national field hockey team in the women's tournament.

She was born in Seoul, South Korea.

She competed in three Asian Games from 2006 to 2014, winning a silver medal at the 2010 Asian Games and a gold medal at 2014 Asian Games.

Field hockey at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament
The women's field hockey tournament at the 2012 Summer Olympics was the 9th edition of the field hockey event for women at the Summer Olympic Games. It was held over a thirteen-day period beginning on 29 July, and culminating with the medal finals on 10 August. All games were played at the Riverbank Arena within the Olympic Park in London, United Kingdom.

Defending champions the Netherlands won the gold medal for the third time after defeating Argentina 2–0 in the final. Great Britain won the bronze medal by defeating New Zealand 3–1.
Yuva Janata Dal
Yuva Janata Dal (Young People's Party) was the youth wing of the erstwhile Janata Dal. YJD was a member of World Federation of Democratic Youth. The youth wings of the JD splinter groups have similar names such as Yuva Janata Dal (Secular), Yuva Janata Dal (United), Yuva Rashtriya Janata Dal, Loktantrik Yuva Janata Dal etc.

World Federation of Democratic Youth
The World Federation of Democratic Youth (WFDY) is an international youth organization, and has historically characterized itself as left-wing and anti-imperialist. WFDY was founded in London, United Kingdom, in 1945 as a broad international youth movement, organized in the context of the end of World War II with the aim of uniting youth from the Allies behind an anti-fascist platform that was broadly pro-peace, anti-nuclear war, expressing friendship between youth of the capitalist and socialist nations. The Federation was mostly sponsored and influenced by the Soviet Union and the organization mostly united youths from the Eastern Bloc and Non-Aligned nations. The WFDY Headquarters are in Budapest, Hungary. The main event of WFDY is the World Festival of Youth and Students. The last festival was held in Sochi, Russia, in October 2017. It was one of the first organizations granted general consultative status with the United Nations Economic and Social Council.
Issus (river)
Issus, a river in Cilicia, Asia Minor, where Alexander the Great defeated Darius in 333 BC.

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Wood, James, ed. (1907). The Nuttall Encyclopædia. London and New York: Frederick Warne. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

The Nuttall Encyclopædia
The Nuttall Encyclopædia: Being a Concise and Comprehensive Dictionary of General Knowledge is a late 19th-century encyclopedia, edited by Rev. James Wood, first published in London in 1900 by Frederick Warne & Co Ltd.

Editions were recorded for 1920, 1930, 1938 and 1956 and was still being sold in 1966. Editors included  G. Elgie  Christ and A. L. Hayden for 1930, Lawrence Hawkins Dawson for 1938 and C. M. Prior for 1956.
Ingegerdsleden
Ingegerdsleden ("the Ingegerd trail") is a pilgrimage route in the province of Uppland in Sweden, between Stockholm Cathedral (Storkyrkan) and Uppsala Cathedral (Uppsala domkyrka). The hiking trail is approximately 110 kilometres (68 mi) and passes historical places, churches, palaces and nature reserves.

The trail is named after the Swedish princess Ingegerd Olofsdotter, daughter of Swedish king Olof Skötkonung and who after she married became Grand princess of Kiev.  
After her death Ingegerd was later declared a saint by the name of St. Anna in Novgorod.

Veliky Novgorod
Veliky Novgorod (/vəˈliːki ˈnɒvɡərɒd/ ⓘ və-LEE-kee NOV-gə-rod; Russian: Великий Новгород, IPA: [vʲɪˈlʲikʲɪj ˈnovɡərət]; lit. 'Great Newtown'), also known simply as Novgorod (Новгород), is the largest city and administrative centre of Novgorod Oblast, Russia. It is one of the oldest cities in Russia, being first mentioned in the 9th century. The city lies along the Volkhov River just downstream from its outflow from Lake Ilmen and is situated on the M10 federal highway connecting Moscow and Saint Petersburg. UNESCO recognized Novgorod as a World Heritage Site in 1992. The city has a population of 224,286 (2021 census).

At its peak during the 14th century, the city was the capital of the Novgorod Republic and was one of Europe's largest cities. The "Великий" (Veliky) part was added to the city's name in 1999.
Jacob Jeffries Band
Jacob Jeffries Band was an American pop rock band from Ft. Lauderdale, Florida. Formed in 2006, the band consisted of Jacob Jeffries (vocals, piano), Jimmy Powers V (electric guitar, backing vocals) and several alternating members.

Jacob Jeffries Band was named 2008's "Best Live Band & Best New Release' by the Broward-Palm Beach and Miami New Times, and were selected to perform in, and won the Florida Grammy Showcase.

Miami New Times
The Miami New Times is a newspaper based in Miami, Florida, with online news coverage and commentary published daily and a print edition distributed weekly. Focusing primarily on local arts and culture, the Miami New Times serves the Miami metropolitan area, and is headquartered in Miami's Wynwood Art District.
1970 Tour of the Basque Country
The 1970 Tour of the Basque Country was the tenth edition of the Tour of the Basque Country cycle race and was held from 15 April to 19 April 1970. The race started and finished in Eibar. The race was won by Luis Santamarina of the Werner team.

Tour of the Basque Country
The Tour of the Basque Country (Officially: Itzulia Basque Country) is an annual road cycling stage race held in the Spanish Basque Country in April. It is one of the races that make up the UCI World Tour calendar. As the Basque Country is a mountainous area, there are few flat stages, and thus the event favors those who are strong climbers. The race is characterized by its short stages, rarely exceeding 200 km, and steep ascents. While the ascents featured in the race are not particularly high compared to other stage races, they are among the steepest seen in professional cycling, some having sections with gradients reaching well above 20%.
Dillon De Silva
Dillon Senan De Silva (born 18 April 2002) is a professional footballer who plays as a winger for Maidenhead United, on loan from National League club Sutton United. Born in England, he plays for the Sri Lanka national team.

Maidenhead United F.C.
Maidenhead United Football Club is a professional football club based in Maidenhead, Berkshire, England. Affiliated to the Berks & Bucks FA, they are currently members of the National League South.

The club were established in October 1870 and have played at York Road since 1871, making it the 'oldest senior football ground continuously used by the same club'. In 1871–72 they were one of the fifteen clubs to play in the inaugural FA Cup. The club went on to reach the FA Cup quarter finals three times in the 1870s, before becoming founder members of the Southern League in 1894. They subsequently played in the Great Western Suburban League (1904–1922), Spartan League (1922–1939), Corinthian League (1945–1963), Athenian League (1963–1973), Isthmian League (1973–2004), and National League South before returning to the Southern League for a season in 2006–07. They played in the National League from 2017 to 2025, returning to the National League South for the current season.
Biathlon at the 2026 Winter Olympics – Women's sprint
The women's sprint competition of the 2026 Winter Olympics was held on 14 February, at the Anterselva Biathlon Arena in Rasen-Antholz. Maren Kirkeeide of Norway won the event, Océane Michelon of France won the silver medal, and her teammate Lou Jeanmonnot won bronze. For Kirkeide and Michelon these were the first Olympic medals.

Maren Kirkeeide
Maren Hjelmeset Kirkeeide (born 1 March 2003) is a Norwegian biathlete. She has competed in the Biathlon World Cup since 2023. She won gold medal in the individual race at the 2024 IBU Open European Championships.
Quotient (universal algebra)
In mathematics, a quotient algebra is the result of partitioning the elements of an algebraic structure using a congruence relation.
Quotient algebras are also called factor algebras. Here, the congruence relation must be an equivalence relation that is additionally compatible with all the operations of the algebra, in the formal sense described below.
Its equivalence classes partition the elements of the given algebraic structure. The quotient algebra has these classes as its elements, and the compatibility conditions are used to give the classes an algebraic structure.

The idea of the quotient algebra abstracts into one common notion the quotient structure of quotient rings of ring theory, quotient groups of group theory, the quotient spaces of linear algebra and the quotient modules of representation theory into a common framework.

Linear algebra
Linear algebra is the branch of mathematics concerning linear equations such as

linear maps such as

and their representations in vector spaces and through matrices.

Linear algebra is central to almost all areas of mathematics. For instance, linear algebra is fundamental in modern presentations of geometry, including for defining basic objects such as lines, planes and rotations. Also, functional analysis, a branch of mathematical analysis, may be viewed as the application of linear algebra to function spaces.

Linear algebra is also used in most sciences and fields of engineering because it allows modeling many natural phenomena, and computing efficiently with such models. For nonlinear systems, which cannot be modeled with linear algebra, it is often used for dealing with first-order approximations, using the fact that the differential of a multivariate function at a point is the linear map that best approximates the function near that point.