hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Transactions per second
In a very generic sense, the term transactions per second (TPS) refers to the number of atomic actions performed by certain entity per second. In a more restricted view, the term is usually used by the DBMS vendor and user community to refer to the number of database transactions performed per second. Transactions per minute may be used when the transactions are more complex.

Recently, the term has also been used to describe the transaction rate of a cryptocurrency, such as the distributed network running the Bitcoin blockchain. The development of transaction rates capable of scaling to real-world volumes is an important area of research for cryptocurrency technology.

Bitcoin scalability problem
The Bitcoin scalability problem refers to the limited capability of the Bitcoin network to handle large amounts of transaction data on its platform in a short span of time. It is related to the fact that records (known as blocks) in the Bitcoin blockchain are limited in size and frequency.

Bitcoin's blocks contain the transactions on the bitcoin network.: ch. 2  The on-chain transaction processing capacity of the bitcoin network is limited by the average block creation time of 10 minutes and the original block size limit of 1 megabyte. These jointly constrain the network's throughput. The transaction processing capacity maximum estimated using an average or median transaction size is between 3.3 and 7 transactions per second. There are various proposed and activated solutions to address this issue.
Hevia (surname)
Hevia is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Aurelio Hevia (1866-1945), Cuban colonel and politician

Beatriz Hevia (born 1992), Chilean politician

Carlinos, full name Carlos Menéndez Hevia (born 1987), Spanish footballer

Carlos Hevia (1900–1964), Cuban politician

Chus Hevia (born 1990), Spanish footballer

Edel Hevia (born 1977), Cuban sprinter

Eva Hevia (born 1976), Spanish professor

Fabian Hevia, Chilean-born Australian jazz percussionist

José Ángel Blanco Hevia (born 1985), Spanish footballer

Laura Mestre Hevia (1867–1944), Cuban translator, humanist and writer

Liuba María Hevia (born 1964), Cuban singer and composer

Ramón López (baseball),  full name José Ramón López Hevia (1933–1982), Cuban baseball player

Sebastián Leyton, full name Sebastián Ignacio Leyton Hevia (born 1993), Chilean footballer

Torcuato Fernández-Miranda y Hevia (1915–1980), Spanish politician

Laura Mestre Hevia
Laura Mestre Hevia (6 April 1867 – 11 January 1944) was a Cuban translator, humanist and writer. Some of her work was published, and at her death she left unpublished translations into Spanish of the works of Homer.
Ahmad ibn al-Khasib al-Jarjara'i
Abu al-'Abbas Ahmad ibn al-Khasib al-Jarjara'i (Arabic: أبو العباس أحمد بن الخصيب الجرجرائي; died c. 879) was a civil officer of the Abbasid Caliphate in the mid-9th century, serving as vizier (Arabic: wazir) during the caliphate of al-Muntasir (r. 861–862). A major figure in the first year of the period known as the Anarchy at Samarra, his career at the caliphal court came to an end when he was forced into exile in mid-862.

Encyclopaedia of Islam
The Encyclopaedia of Islam (also French: Encyclopédie de l'Islam and German: Enzyklopädie des Islām; EI is a common abbreviation in all three languages) is a reference work that facilitates the academic study of Islam. It is published by Brill and provides information on various aspects of Islam and the Islamic world. It is considered to be the standard reference work in the field of Islamic studies. The first edition was published in 1913–1938, the second in 1954–2005, and the third was begun in 2007.
Swedish women's football clubs in European competitions
This is a list of Swedish women's football clubs in European competition. Swedish clubs have participated since 2001, when Umeå IK entered the 2001–02 UEFA Women's Cup. Umeå IK's debut came against Sparta Prague of Czech Republic and Anna Sjöström scored Umeå IK's and Swedish clubs' first goal in European competition in the match that ended 1–0 to Umeå IK. A total of eleven clubs have participated in UEFA competitions throughout the years.

Umeå IK has won the UEFA Women's Cup twice, by beating Fortuna Hjørring in the 2003 final and 1. FFC Frankfurt in the 2004 final. Umeå IK also reached three more finals, while Djurgården/Älvsjö reached the final once. During the Women's Champions League era, also Tyresö FF reached the final once.

AC Sparta Prague (women)
The women's section of AC Sparta Prague is a women's football club from Prague, Czech Republic. Together with their local neighbour Slavia, Sparta dominates the national league having won 21 of the 32 titles while Slavia has won the other eleven. They have taken part in UEFA competitions several times and got their best result in the 2005–06 UEFA Women's Cup when they reached the quarter-finals, losing over two legs to Djurgården.

Ahead of the 2024–25 season, it was announced that Sparta players would be becoming full professionals for the first time.

On 4 October 2025, Sparta Prague signed a memorandum about cooperation with Prague 9 and 18. Sparta would build a new stadium for women's football academy on the grounds of Stadion SK Prosek.
Conference pear
A Conference pear is a variety of pear. It is an autumn cultivar (cultivated variety) of the European pear (Pyrus communis). The variety was developed in Britain by Thomas Francis Rivers from his Rivers Nursery in Sawbridgeworth, Hertfordshire. Its name derives from the National British Pear Conference in London in 1885, where it won first prize.

Sawbridgeworth
Sawbridgeworth (traditionally /ˈsæpswəθ/ SAPS-wəth or /-səθ/ SAPS-əth, now also /ˈsɔːbrɪdʒwɜːθ/ SAW-brij-wurth) is a town and civil parish in Hertfordshire, England, close to the border with Essex. It is 12 miles (19 km) east of the county town of Hertford and 9 miles (14 km) north of Epping. It is the northernmost part of the Greater London Built-up Area.
Double crown
Double crown can refer to:

the pschent combined crown of Ancient Egypt

a British coin worth ten shillings or two crowns

winning the first two of the three races in the Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing

a paper size used in printing

a double hair whorl

Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing
The Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing, often shortened to Triple Crown, is a series of horse races for Thoroughbreds, often restricted to three-year-olds. Winning all three of these Thoroughbred horse races is considered the greatest accomplishment in Thoroughbred racing. The term originated in mid-19th-century England and nations where Thoroughbred racing is popular, each having their own Triple Crown series.
Blair Congregational Church
The Blair Congregational Church in Blair, Nebraska is a Carpenter Gothic church that has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1979. It is affiliated with the United Church of Christ.

The church was founded in 1870.  The building was constructed in 1874 by local builder George Sutherland, according to a design by Omaha architect Charles F. Driscoll whose plans won out over architect A. Roberts, each of whom received $25 for their submissions.  Carpenter Gothic style is rare in the state, and this is believed to be the only non-Episcopalian church example. (Architect Richard Upjohn popularized the style for rural Episcopalian churches.) It was renovated and extended in 1884, 1908, and 1957.

Driscoll also designed the NRHP-listed Ideal Steam Laundry, in Fremont, Nebraska.

Blair, Nebraska
Blair is a city in and the county seat of Washington County, Nebraska, United States. As of the 2020 census, Blair had a population of 7,790. Blair is a part of the Omaha-Council Bluffs Metropolitan Statistical Area.
2008 West Coast Conference Baseball Championship Series
The 2008 West Coast Conference Baseball Championship Series was held on May 24, 2008 at San Diego's home stadium, John Cunningham Stadium in San Diego, California, and pitted the top two finishers from the WCC regular season. The event determined the champion of the West Coast Conference for the 2008 NCAA Division I baseball season. San Diego won the series two games to none over Pepperdine and earned the league's automatic bid to the 2008 NCAA Division I baseball tournament.

West Coast Conference
The West Coast Conference (WCC) — known as the California Basketball Association from 1952 to 1956 and then as the West Coast Athletic Conference until 1989 — is a collegiate athletic conference affiliated with NCAA Division I consisting of nine member schools across the states of California, Oregon, and Washington.

All of the current full members are private, faith-based institutions. Seven members are Catholic Church affiliates, with five of these schools being Jesuit institutions, including the newest member of the conference, Seattle. Pepperdine is an affiliate of the Churches of Christ. The conference's second-newest member, the University of the Pacific (which rejoined in 2013 after a 42-year absence), is affiliated with the United Methodist Church, although it has been financially independent of the church since 1969.
Ed Barker (American football)
Edward Ross Barker (May 31, 1931 – September 6, 2012)  was an American professional football player who was an end for the Pittsburgh Steelers and Washington Redskins of the National Football League (NFL).  He played college football for the Washington State Cougars and was selected by the Los Angeles Rams in the first round of the 1953 NFL draft. After his short stint playing football he spent 20 years serving in the US Air Force, ending his career as a Lt. Colonel. He was elected into the Washington State University Hall of Fame in 2011.

1953 NFL draft
The 1953 National Football League draft was held on January 22, 1953, at The Bellevue-Stratford Hotel in Philadelphia. Selections made by the folded Dallas Texans were assigned to the Baltimore Colts, since the Dallas team had moved to Baltimore.

This was the seventh year that the first overall pick was a bonus pick determined by lottery, with the previous six winners (Chicago Bears in 1947, Washington Redskins in 1948, Philadelphia Eagles in 1949, Detroit Lions in 1950, New York Giants in 1951, and Los Angeles Rams in 1952) ineligible from the draw; it was won by the San Francisco 49ers, who selected end Harry Babcock.
Eugene Lee (sports agent)
Eugene Lee (born February 14, 1973) is an American sports agent. With over eighteen years of experience as an NFLPA certified contract advisor, Lee has represented over fifty NFL players over the past decade.

Sports agent
A sports agent is a legal representative for professional athletes and coaches who negotiates employment and endorsement contracts on their behalf. Sports agents may also assist with financial planning, legal coordination, and marketing matters, often working alongside lawyers, accountants, and brand managers.
George Jenkins (Australian politician)
Sir George Frederick Jenkins KBE (24 June 1878 – 25 July 1957) was an Australian politician. He was a Liberal and Country League member of the South Australian House of Assembly, representing Burra Burra from 1918 to 1924, 1927 to 1930 and 1933 to 1938, and Newcastle from 1938 to 1956. He served as Minister for Agriculture and Town Planning (1922–23), Minister for Local Government and Marine (1923–24, 1927–30), Minister for Railways (1930), and Minister for Agriculture and Forests (1944–54).

Electoral district of Burra Burra
Burra Burra was an electoral district of the House of Assembly in the Australian state of South Australia from 1902 to 1938.

After a boundary redistribution in 1902, the Electoral district of Burra was abolished and the new district of Burra Burra was created.

The town of Burra is currently located in the safe Liberal seat of Stuart.
Aleksandr Volkov (volleyball)
Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Volkov (Russian: Александр Александрович Волков; born 14 February 1985) is a former Russian volleyball player, a member of Russia men's national volleyball team. He was 2012 Olympic Champion, bronze medalist of the 2008 Olympic Games, gold medalist of the 2011 World Cup, silver medalist of the 2007 European Championship, multimedalist of the World League. Recently he is a head coach of Belogorie.

FIVB Volleyball World League
The FIVB Volleyball World League was an annual international men's volleyball competition. Created in 1990, it was the longest and richest of all the international events organized by the Fédération Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB). The women's version of the competition was called FIVB Volleyball World Grand Prix. This event should not be confused with the other international volleyball competitions, the World Championship, the World Cup and the World Grand Champions Cup.

From 2018, the World League and World Grand Prix was replaced by the men's and women's Nations League and men's and women's Challenger Cup.
Quartets (card game)
Quartets is a dedicated deck card game with the object to collect 4 cards in a series, similar to Go Fish and Happy Families.

Each pack originally contained 32 cards, divided into 8 groups of 4 cards, unlike a normal 52 pack of playing cards, but the number of groups changed from company to company.

A version of the game was published by the Austrian card game company Piatnik during the 1960s, and later released by Dubreq, Ace, Waddingtons and other companies. The game went on to inspire Top Trumps.

Stylophone
The Stylophone is a miniature analog synthesizer played with a stylus. Invented in 1967 by Brian Jarvis, it entered production in 1968, manufactured by Dubreq in London. Some three million units were sold during its original run, mostly as children's toys, but it was also used by professional musicians such as John Lennon, Kraftwerk and David Bowie. The Stylophone was relaunched in 2007 by the toy company Re:, in partnership with a rebuilt Dubreq, and has since been released in several new models.
Masterton railway station
Masterton railway station is a single-platform, urban railway station serving the town of Masterton in New Zealand's Wairarapa district. Located at the end of Perry Street, it is one of three stations in Masterton, the others being Renall Street and Solway. Masterton station is the terminus for Wairarapa Connection passenger services on Metlink's Wairarapa Line from and to Wellington. The average journey time to Wellington is one hour and forty-three minutes.

The station building has a ticket office and café; the yard has working freight-handling facilities, a goods shed, a turntable, and engine/railcar shed.

With the introduction of the New Zealand BEMU class electric multiple unit from 2030 for passenger services from Wellington, they will have charging points at the station. Alstom will establish a 4000-square-meter maintenance depot for the BEMUs, with a staff of thirty and three servive and maintenance tracks.

Wairarapa
The Wairarapa (/ˌwaɪrəˈræpə/; Māori pronunciation: [ˈwaiɾaɾapa]) is a geographical region of New Zealand located in the south-eastern corner of the North Island, east of metropolitan Wellington and south-west of the Hawke's Bay Region. It is lightly populated, having several rural service towns, with Masterton being the largest. It is named after its largest lake, Lake Wairarapa.

The region is commonly referred to with a definite article, particularly when used after a preposition (e.g., locals will say they live "in the Wairarapa", and travel "to" and "from the Wairarapa").
Rumyancho Goranov
Rumyancho Goranov Radev (Bulgarian: Румянчо Горанов Радев; 17 March 1950) is a former Bulgarian football goalkeeper.

He played mostly for Lokomotiv Sofia. With Bulgaria national team he participated at 1974 FIFA World Cup. He gained 34 caps for Bulgaria.

Bulgarian Cup
The Bulgarian Cup (Bulgarian: Купа на България, romanized: Kupa na Bŭlgariya) is a Bulgarian annual football competition. It is the country's main cup competition and all officially registered Bulgarian football teams take part in it.

The tournament's format is single-elimination, with all matches being one-legged, except the semi-finals. The competition's winner gets the right to take part in the UEFA Europa League. If the winner has already secured a place through the Bulgarian A Professional Football Group, the team that has come fourth in the championship substitutes it.

The competition has been dominated by Sofia-based clubs. They have won together a total number of 65 titles. The three most successful clubs are Levski Sofia (26 cups), CSKA Sofia (21 cups) and Slavia Sofia (8 cups). The current cup holders are Ludogorets Razgrad, who beat CSKA Sofia 1–0 in the 2025 final.
Petersen Peak
Petersen Peak (80°27′S 27°57′W﻿ / ﻿80.450°S 27.950°W﻿ / -80.450; -27.950) is a rock peak (1,215 m) standing 6 nautical miles (11 km) southwest of Morris Hills in the north-central part of Shackleton Range. It was first mapped in 1957 by the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition and named for Hans C. Petersen, the captain of the Danish ship Magga Dan which transported members of the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition to the Filchner Ice Shelf in 1956–57.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Petersen Peak". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Shackleton Range
The Shackleton Range (80°30′S 25°00′W﻿ / ﻿80.500°S 25.000°W﻿ / -80.500; -25.000) is a mountain range in Antarctica that rises to 1,875 metres (6,152 ft) and extends in an east–west direction for about 100 miles (160 km) between the Slessor and Recovery Glaciers.
2019 Oracle Challenger Series – Indian Wells
The 2019 Oracle Challenger Series – Indian Wells is a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It's the second edition of the tournament, which is part of the 2019 ATP Challenger Tour and the 2019 WTA 125K series. It took place from February 25 – March 3, 2019 in Indian Wells, United States.

Indian Wells, California
Indian Wells is a city in Riverside County, California, United States, in the Coachella Valley. Incorporated in 1967, it lies in between the cities of Palm Desert and La Quinta. As of the 2020 census, the city population was 4,757.

The city hosts the sixth-largest tennis tournament in the world, the Indian Wells Masters tennis tournament, presently known as the BNP Paribas Open. The Indian Wells Masters is one of nine ATP Masters 1000 tournaments operated by the Association of Tennis Professionals, and one of the four mandatory WTA 1000 tournaments of the Women's Tennis Association. It is held at the Indian Wells Tennis Garden, which contains the second-largest tennis-specific stadium in the world.
2012 AAA 400
The 2012 AAA 400 was a NASCAR Cup Series stock car race held on September 30, 2012 at Dover International Speedway in Dover, Delaware. Contested over 400 laps, it was the twenty-ninth in the 2012 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series, as well as the third race in the ten-race Chase for the Sprint Cup, which ends the season. Brad Keselowski of Team Penske won the race; this would ultimately be the last victory for a Dodge-based team in the Sprint Cup Series, as the season is the final season for Dodge in the Sprint Cup Series.

Dover, Delaware
Dover (/ˈdoʊvər/ DOH-vər) is the capital and the second-most populous city of the U.S. state of Delaware, after Wilmington. It is also the county seat of Kent County and the principal city of the Dover metropolitan statistical area, which encompasses all of Kent County and is part of the Philadelphia–Wilmington–Camden, PA–NJ–DE–MD, combined statistical area. It is located on the St. Jones River in the Delaware River coastal plain. It was named by William Penn for Dover in Kent, England (for which Kent County is named). As of 2020, its population was 39,403.
West Texas Historical Association
The West Texas Historical Association is an organization of both academics and laypersons dedicated to the preservation and dissemination of West Texas history, loosely covering the geography of all Texas counties west of Interstate 35, and adjacent regions that include eastern New Mexico, western Oklahoma and southeastern Colorado..

Historic preservation
Historic preservation (US), built heritage preservation or built heritage conservation (UK) is an endeavor that seeks to preserve, conserve and protect buildings, objects, landscapes or other artifacts of historical significance. It is a philosophical concept that became popular in the twentieth century, which maintains that cities as products of centuries' development should be obligated to protect their patrimonial legacy. The term refers specifically to the preservation of the built environment, and not to preservation of, for example, primeval forests or wilderness.
Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China
The Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China (informally The Chartered Bank; Chinese: 印度新金山中國渣打銀行) was a bank incorporated in London in 1853 by Scotsman James Wilson, under a Royal Charter from Queen Victoria.

Though lacking a truly strong domestic network in Britain, it was influential in the development of British colonial trade throughout the East of Suez.

In 1969, Chartered Bank merged with Standard Bank, which did business throughout Africa. The merged enterprise was incorporated in London under the name Standard Chartered.

East of Suez
East of Suez is a term used in British military and political discussions in reference to interests east of the Suez Canal, and may or may not include the Middle East. The phrase was popularised by Rudyard Kipling in his 1890 poem "Mandalay". It later became a popular song when a tune was added by Oley Speaks in 1907.
Maggie Lee (skipjack)
The  Maggie Lee  is a Chesapeake Bay skipjack, built in 1903 at Pocomoke City, Maryland. She is a 51' long two-sail bateau, or "V"-bottomed deadrise type of centerboard sloop. She has a beam of 16', a depth of 3.8', and a net tonnage of 8 register tons. She is one of the 35 surviving traditional Chesapeake Bay skipjacks and a member of the last commercial sailing fleet in the United States. She is located at Denton, Caroline County, Maryland.

She was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. She is assigned Maryland dredge number 9.

Pocomoke City, Maryland
Pocomoke City, dubbed "the friendliest town on the Eastern Shore", is a city in Worcester County, Maryland, United States. Although renamed in a burst of civic enthusiasm in 1878, the city is regularly referred to by its inhabitants simply as Pocomoke /ˈpoʊkoʊmoʊk/. The population was 4,295 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Salisbury, Maryland-Delaware Metropolitan Statistical Area.  Pocomoke City is a center for commerce on the lower shore, home to an industrial park currently playing host to defense contractors, aerospace engineering, and plastics fabrication. Pocomoke City is located near the Wallops Island Flight Facility in Wallops Island, Virginia.
France in the Eurovision Song Contest 2023
France was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 2023 with the song "Évidemment", written by Fatima Zahra Hafdi, Ahmed Saghir, Yannick Rastogi, and Zacharie Raymond, and performed by Hafdi herself under her stage name La Zarra. The French participating broadcaster, France Télévisions, internally selected its entry for the contest. La Zarra was officially announced by France 2 as the French entrant on 12 January 2023, and the song was presented to the public on 19 February 2023, during the France 2 programme 20h30 le dimanche.

As a member of the "Big Five", France automatically qualified to compete in the final of the Eurovision Song Contest.

Un jour, un enfant
"Un jour, un enfant" (French pronunciation: [œ̃ ʒuʁ œ̃n‿ɑ̃fɑ̃]; "A Day, a Child") is a song recorded by French singer Frida Boccara, with music composed by Emil Stern and lyrics by Eddy Marnay. It represented France in the Eurovision Song Contest 1969 held in Madrid, and became one of the four winning songs.

Boccara recorded the song in five languages: French, English, German, Spanish, and Italian.