hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gay Street Bridge (Phoenixville, Pennsylvania)
Veterans Memorial Gay Street Bridge, known simply as the Gay Street Bridge, is a crossing of French Creek in the borough of Phoenixville, Pennsylvania. The bridge connects the north and south sides of the borough, carrying Pennsylvania Route 113. The first iteration of the bridge was constructed in 1888, the second in 1926, and the third and current in 2009.

Phoenix Iron Works (Phoenixville, Pennsylvania)
The Phoenix Iron Works, also known as the Phoenix Iron Company, Phoenix Iron & Steel Company, and Phoenix Steel Corporation, was a manufacturer of iron and related products during the 19th and 20th centuries. Located in Phoenixville, Pennsylvania, Phoenix Iron Company was a major producer of cannon for the Union Army during the American Civil War.  The company also produced the Phoenix column, an advance in construction material.  Company facilities are a core component of the Phoenixville Historic District, a National Register of Historic Places site that was in 2006 recognized as a historic landmark by ASM International.
Esthella Provas
Esthella Provas (born in Nogales, Mexico) is an art dealer regarded as one of the world's most influential art advisors. She is considered pivotal in the creation of the Museo Jumex in Mexico City, Mexico, the largest contemporary art collection in Latin America, and responsible for the collection's acquisitions. According to The New York Times, "With more than 2,800 works, the Colección Jumex is among the largest in Latin America in consultation with Provas."

In 2023, ARTnews named Provas' eponymous company, Esthella Provas and Associates, as one of the top art advisories in the world. To compile the list, ARTnews "consulted an array of specialists in the field, including members of the Association of Professional Art Advisors — as they often deal with a distinctive assortment of professionals in building and managing clients’ collections."

Jose Dávila
Jose Dávila (born 1974 in Guadalajara, Mexico) is a Mexican multidisciplinary artist. Mainly a sculptor, Dávila also works with two-dimensional media such as painting, drawing and prints. His work encompasses different topics and concepts such as the tradition of modernism in the arts, notions of balance and equilibrium manifested through sculptural creation and the politics of representation and recognition within visual cultures. Dávila currently lives and works in Guadalajara, Mexico.
Carbon film (technology)
Carbon films are thin film coatings which consist predominantly of the chemical element carbon. They include plasma polymer films, amorphous carbon films (diamond-like carbon, DLC), CVD diamond films as well as graphite films.

Carbon films are produced by deposition using gas-phase deposition processes, in most cases taking place in a vacuum: chemical vapor deposition, CVD or physical vapor deposition, PVD. They are deposited in the form of thin films with film thicknesses of just a few micrometres.

Carbon films make it possible to implement a large number of surface functions, especially in the field of tribology - in other words, in applications where wear is a major factor.

Tribology
Tribology is the science and engineering of understanding friction, lubrication and wear phenomena for interacting surfaces in relative motion. It is highly interdisciplinary, drawing on many academic fields, including physics, chemistry, materials science, mathematics, biology and engineering. The fundamental objects of study in tribology are tribosystems, which are physical systems of contacting surfaces. Subfields of tribology include biotribology, nanotribology and space tribology. It is also related to other areas such as the coupling of corrosion and tribology in tribocorrosion and the contact mechanics of how surfaces in contact deform.
Approximately 20% of the total energy expenditure of the world is due to the impact of friction and wear in the transportation, manufacturing, power generation, and residential sectors.
Tirukkannapuram Vijayaraghavan
Tirukkannapuram Vijayaraghavan (Tamil: திருக்கண்ணபுரம் விஜயராகவன்; 30 November 1902 – 20 April 1955) was an Indian mathematician from the Madras region. He worked with G. H. Hardy on Pisot–Vijayaraghavan numbers when he went to Oxford in the mid-1920s. He was a fellow of Indian Academy of Sciences elected in 1934. His father was a pandit.

Vijayaraghavan was well-versed in Sanskrit and Tamil. He was a close friend of André Weil. Weil hired him in 1930 despite his lack of diploma, and they served together in Aligarh Muslim University. While Weil was away in Europe, Ross Masood planned to replace Weil's professorship with Vijayaraghavan, but Vijayaraghavan quit in protest and moved to the University of Dhaka.

Vijayaraghavan proved a special case of Herschfeld's theorem on nested radicals: For

converges if and only if

where  denotes the limit superior.

Limit inferior and limit superior
In mathematics, the limit inferior and limit superior (or limes inferior and limes superior) of a sequence can be thought of as limiting (that is, eventual and extreme) bounds on the sequence. They can be thought of in a similar fashion for a function (see limit of a function). For a set, they are the infimum and supremum of the set's limit points, respectively. In general, when there are multiple objects around which a sequence, function, or set accumulates, the inferior and superior limits extract the smallest and largest of them; the type of object and the measure of size is context-dependent, but the notion of extreme limits is invariant. 
Limit inferior is also called infimum limit, limit infimum, liminf, inferior limit, lower limit, or inner limit; limit superior is also known as supremum limit, limit supremum, limsup, superior limit, upper limit, or outer limit.

The limit inferior of a sequence  is denoted by

and the limit superior of a sequence  is denoted by
Krupa (Neretva)
The Krupa (Serbian Cyrillic: Крупа) river is a left tributary of the river Neretva and the main water current of Hutovo Blato, which leads the waters from Gornje Blato and Svitavsko Lake into the Neretva river near Dračevo. The length of Krupa is 9 km with an average depth of 5 meters. The Krupa is an extension and outlet of Deransko Lake. Also, the Krupa is a unique river in Europe, because the river flows both ways. It flows normally from the source to the mouth and from the mouth to the source. This happens when, due to high water levels and large quantities of water, the Neretva pushes the Krupa river in the opposite direction. The river has rich biodiversity, with numerous fish species endemic to the Neretva basin inhabiting Krupa and its lakes. It is observed that important Salmo marmoratus, known under its vernacular name as glavatica and/or gonjavac, and endemic to the handful of rivers of the Adriatic watershed, enters these waters to spawn.

Salmo marmoratus
Salmo marmoratus, the marble trout, is a species of freshwater fish in the family Salmonidae. It is characterized by a distinctive marbled color pattern and high growth capacity.  The marble trout is found in only a handful of drainages and rivers of the Adriatic basin in (going from north to south) Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro, while in Albania, the species is considered most likely extirpated.
2025 Makati local elections
Local elections were held in Makati on May 12, 2025, as part of the 2025 Philippine general election. The electorate elected a mayor, a vice mayor, and the sixteen councilors, eight per district, that would be members of the Makati City Council, and two district representatives to the House of Representatives of the Philippines.

This was the first elections in which the residents of the Embo barangays did not participate as a result of the Makati–Taguig boundary dispute ruling.

Legislative districts of Makati
The legislative districts of Makati are the representations of the highly urbanized city of Makati in the various national legislatures of the Philippines. The city is currently represented in the lower house of the Congress of the Philippines through its first and second districts.
Big Brothers Big Sisters of Northern Nevada
Big Brothers Big Sisters of Northern Nevada is a non-profit organization whose vision is "that all children achieve success in life." Their mission is "to provide children facing adversity with strong and enduring, professionally supported 1-to-1 relationships that change their lives for the better, forever."

BBBSNN is an affiliate of the national youth mentoring organization Big Brothers Big Sisters of America. They aim "to create and support one-to-one mentoring relationships that ignite the power and promise of youth."

Washoe County, Nevada
Washoe County (/ˈwɒʃoʊ/) is a county in the U.S. state of Nevada. As of the 2020 census, the population was 486,492, making it Nevada's second-most populous county. Its county seat is Reno. Washoe County is included in the Reno, NV Metropolitan Statistical Area.

The Washoe County landing ship tank was named after this county.
Byun Ji-hyun
Byun Ji-hyun (Korean: 변지현; born March 9, 1999) is a South Korean former competitive figure skater. She is the 2015 Volvo Open Cup bronze medalist.

On the junior level, she is the 2014 Ice Challenge silver medalist and the 2011 South Korean junior national bronze medalist.

She placed 7th at the 2016 Winter Youth Olympics.

2016 Winter Youth Olympics
The 2016 Winter Youth Olympics (Norwegian: Olympiske vinterleker for ungdom 2016; Nynorsk: Olympiske vinterleikane for ungdom 2016), officially known as the II Winter Youth Olympic Games, took place in and around Lillehammer, Norway, from 12 to 21 February 2016. They were the fourth Youth Olympic Games and the second winter edition. Lillehammer was awarded the games on 7 December 2011 as the only candidate. The games reused venues from the 1994 Winter Olympics; this made Lillehammer the first city to host both regular and Youth Olympics. In addition to Lillehammer Municipality, Olympic events were staged at venues in Hamar Municipality, Gjøvik Municipality and Øyer Municipality.
Ciornovăț
The Ciornovăț (also: Cernovăț) is a right tributary of the river Caraș (Karaš) in Romania. It discharges into the Caraș in Vărădia. Its length is 33 km (21 mi) and its basin size is 129 km2 (50 sq mi).

Vărădia
Vărădia (Hungarian: Varadia) is a commune in Caraș-Severin County, Banat, Romania. It is composed of two villages, Mercina (Mercsény) and Vărădia.

It is located near the border with Serbia, on the river Caraș, at a distance of 19 km (12 mi) from Oravița and 76 km (47 mi) from the county seat, Reșița.

In Vărădia village there is a Romanian Orthodox church, a Romanian Greek-Catholic church, a Baptist church, and an old Orthodox church which has become a monastery.
Miss World Puerto Rico 2022
Miss World Puerto Rico 2022 was the 47th Miss World Puerto Rico pageant, held at the Centro de Bellas Artes de Caguas in Caguas, Puerto Rico, on June 30, 2022.

Aryam Díaz Rosado of Naranjito crowned Elena Rivera of Toa Baja as her successor at the end of the event. Rivera represented Puerto Rico at Miss World 2023 and finished as one of the top forty semifinalists.

Caguas, Puerto Rico
Caguas (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈkaɣwas], locally [ˈkawaʔ]) is a city and municipality in central eastern Puerto Rico. Located in the eponymous Caguas Valley between the Sierra de Cayey and Sierra de Luquillo of the Central Mountain Range, it is bordered by San Juan and Trujillo Alto to the north, Gurabo and San Lorenzo to the west, Aguas Buenas, Cidra and Cayey to the east, and Patillas to the south. With a population of 127,244 as of the 2020 census, Caguas is the fifth most populated municipality in the archipelago and island and a principal city of the San Juan metropolitan area.

Since 2009, Caguas is the only municipality in Puerto Rico recognized as a Tree City USA by the Arbor Day Foundation.
Center Grove, Tennessee
Center Grove is an unincorporated community in Jackson County, Tennessee, United States. It is located along State Route 56 south of Gainesboro and northwest of Cookeville.  The community is home to several churches and small businesses.

Center Grove is named for a church built in the area in the 1890s.  The church stood in the middle of a grove of trees.

Grove (nature)
A grove is a small group of trees with minimal or no undergrowth, or a small orchard planted for the cultivation of fruits or nuts. Naturally occurring groves are typically small, perhaps a few acres at most, such as a sequoia grove. In contrast, orchards, which are normally intentional planting of trees, may be small or very large, like the apple orchards in Washington state, orange groves in Florida and olive groves in Australia.

A grove may be called an 'arbour' or 'arbor', which is not to be confused with the garden structure pergola, which also sometimes goes under that name. Other words for groups of trees include woodland, woodlot, thicket, and stand. Groves often contain plant and animal species that have become extinct in adjacent areas, and they harbor great genetic diversity. Therefore, they have become biodiversity hotspots, as various species seek refuge in the areas due to progressive habitat destruction.
History of Puerto Rico Islanders FC
This articles details the History of the Puerto Rico Islanders. The Puerto Rico Islanders were a professional association football team based in Bayamón, Puerto Rico. Founded in 2003, the team played in the North American Soccer League (NASL), the second tier of the American soccer pyramid.

Minnesota Thunder
Minnesota Thunder was an American professional soccer team based in Minnesota, United States. Founded in 1990, the team played in the USL First Division (USL-1), the second tier of the American Soccer Pyramid, until 2009.

The team played its home games at the National Sports Center in nearby Blaine, Minnesota for its final two seasons. The team's colors were navy blue, light blue, silver, and white.

The team had a development team, Rochester Thunder, which independently played in USL Premier Development League for another season after the Thunder folded, and a sister organization, the Minnesota Lightning, which played in the women's USL W-League.
Yakov Permyakov
Yakov Permyakov (Russian: Яков Пермяков; died 1712) was a Russian seafarer, explorer, merchant, and Cossack.

In 1710, while sailing from the Lena River to the Kolyma River, Permyakov observed the silhouette of two unknown island groups in the sea. Those islands would later be named Bolshoy Lyakhovsky and the Medvyezhi Islands.

In 1712, Permyakov and his companion Merkury Vagin crossed Yana Bay from the mouth of the Yana River to Bolshoy Lyakhovsky over the ice and explored the then-unknown island. 
Permyakov and Vagin were murdered on the way back from their exploration by mutineering expedition members. The Cossacks took Permyakov's deceased body down to the ice and set it on fire. No one knows what the rebellious Cossacks did with the ashes, but Yakov Permyakov's remains were never found.

Lena River
The Lena is a river in the Russian Far East and is the easternmost river of the three great rivers of Siberia which flow into the Arctic Ocean, the others being Ob and Yenisey. The Lena River is 4,294 km (2,668 mi) long and has a capacious drainage basin of 2,490,000 km2 (960,000 mi2); thus the Lena is the eleventh-longest river in the world and the longest river entirely within Russia. Geographically, permafrost underlies all the Lena River's catchment and it is continuous in over 75 percent of the basin.
Death Sentence (album)
Death Sentence is the second studio album from Those Who Fear. Facedown Records released the album on June 24, 2014. Those Who Fear worked with Josh Schroeder on the production of this album.

On February 2, 2016, Facedown released a B-side on YouTube from the album entitled "Bulletproof".

Facedown Records
Facedown Records is a Christian rock record label based in Fallbrook, California, that is devoted to hardcore punk and metalcore bands (Christian and secular) with a few death metal acts such as Immortal Souls and Indwelling. Founded by No Innocent Victim drummer Jason Dunn in 1997, the label started small with a number of 7" record releases by Overcome, Dodgin Bullets, and Born Blind. As the label grew, it was able to sign artists for full album deals. xDISCIPLEx released material on Facedown, as well as Figure Four and Point of Recognition. The label also signs straight edge groups such as xDEATHSTARx and xLooking Forwardx.

Bands like Seventh Star and Nodes of Ranvier released well-received records through the label, but it was the release of Turn It Around by Comeback Kid (featuring members of Figure Four) that really brought the label more notice. Comeback Kid toured behind that album for the following two years, eventually leaving Facedown to sign with Victory Records.
Silentó
Richard Lamar Hawk (born January 23, 1998), known professionally as Silentó (/ˈsaɪləntoʊ/), is an American former rapper, singer, songwriter, and convicted criminal. Raised in Atlanta, Georgia, Hawk is best known for his 2015 debut single "Watch Me (Whip/Nae Nae)", which peaked at number three on the US Billboard Hot 100 when he was 17 years old.

In 2021, he was arrested in DeKalb County, Georgia after a string of arrests for various crimes and charged with the murder of his cousin. In 2025, he was sentenced to 30 years in prison after pleading guilty to the lesser charge of voluntary manslaughter.

Voluntary manslaughter
Voluntary manslaughter is the killing of a human in which the offender acted in the heat of passion, a state that would cause a reasonable person to become emotionally or mentally disturbed to the point that they cannot reasonably control their emotions. Voluntary manslaughter is one of two main types of manslaughter, the other being involuntary manslaughter.
Launch Services Alliance
Launch Services Alliance is a "back-up" launch service provider. It is a joint venture between the multinational aerospace company Arianespace and Japanese conglomerate Mitsubishi Heavy Industries; initially, the American aerospace firm Boeing Launch Services was involved as well.

LSA was established during 2003. In the event of one of the commercial partners not being able to execute a launch on time, one of the other partners could provide an alternative service, under a set of contractual conditions agreed between the participating companies. Such transfers would be made at the customer's discretion. The LSA offered this service for the Ariane 5 and H-IIA expendable launch systems; it previously offered the Zenit-3SL as well.

Expendable launch system
An expendable launch system (or expendable launch vehicle/ELV) is a launch vehicle that can be launched only once, after which its components are destroyed during reentry or impact with Earth, or discarded in space. ELVs typically consist of several rocket stages that are discarded sequentially as their fuel is exhausted and the vehicle gains altitude and speed. As of 2024, fewer and fewer satellites and human spacecraft are launched on ELVs in favor of reusable launch vehicles. However, there are many instances where a ELV may still have a compelling use case over a reusable vehicle. ELVs are simpler in design than reusable launch systems and therefore may have a lower production cost. Furthermore, an ELV can use its entire fuel supply to accelerate its payload, offering greater payloads. ELVs are a proven technology in widespread use for many decades.
Inba Twinkle Lilly
Inba Twinkle Lilly (also known as Itly) is a 2018 Indian Tamil-language heist comedy film written and directed by R. K. Vidhyadaran. The film stars three female characters (as grandmothers): Saranya Ponvannan, Kovai Sarala and Kalpana. Manobala, Chitra Lakshmanan, Mansoor Ali Khan, Ashmitha, Imman Annachi, and Devadarshini play supportive roles in the film.

The movie was titled as Itly, which was previously titled as Inba Twinkle Lilly as its full form and is the acronym of the three main female characters: Inba (Saranya), Twinkle (Sarala), and Lilly (Kalpana).

The film is produced by Babu Thooyavan under the production banner Appu Movies, and it also does not have any songs. The film was released on 29 June 2018 and received extremely negative reviews from the audience and critics upon its release.

Devadarshini
Devadarshini Sukumaran is an Indian actress who predominantly appears in Tamil films, in addition to few Telugu, Malayalam films and television series. She began her career as a television anchor and entered cinema playing supporting and comedic roles. She is a recipient of three Tamil Nadu State Film Awards. She has performed in television serials including Marmadesam and Athipookal.
Edward Leigh (cricketer, born 1913)
Edward Buchanan Leigh (19 June 1913 – 15 August 1994) was an English cricketer.  Leigh was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break.  He was born at Vacoas, British Mauritius.

Leigh played Minor Counties Championship cricket for Buckinghamshire, making three appearances against Hertfordshire, Bedfordshire and Oxfordshire. Later serving in the Raj, Leigh made two first-class appearances for Bihar.  The first came in 1936 against Bengal, with Leigh being dismissed in Bihars' first-innings for 11 runs by Probodh Dutt.  In their second-innings, he scored 13 runs before being dismissed by the same bowler. His second first-class appearance came the following year against the same opposition. In this second match, Leigh was dismissed for a single run in Bihars' first-innings by Jitendra Banerjee, while in their second-innings he was dismissed for 4 runs by Tom Longfield.

He died at Petersfield, Hampshire on 15 August 1994.

Bedfordshire County Cricket Club
Bedfordshire County Cricket Club is one of 20 Minor County clubs within the domestic cricket structure of England and Wales. It represents the historic county of Bedfordshire.

The team is currently a member of the Minor Counties Championship Eastern Division and plays in the MCCA Knockout Trophy. Bedfordshire played List A matches occasionally from 1967 until 2005 but is not classified as a List A team.
Ahonen
Ahonen is a Finnish surname, a Virtanen type derivation from the word aho, "glade". Notable people with the surname include:

Ari Ahonen (born 1981), Finnish professional hockey goalie

Derek Ahonen (born 1980), Finnish/American Playwright

Elise Ahonen (born 1960s), Finnish figure skater

Esko Ahonen (1955–2025), Finnish politician, member of the parliament

Janne Ahonen (born 1977), Finnish professional and Olympic ski jumper

Kirsi Ahonen (born 1976), Finnish javelin thrower

Olavi Ahonen (1923–2000), Finnish film actor

Rony Ahonen (born 1987), Finnish ice hockey player

Roope Ahonen (born 1990), Finnish basketball player

Veli-Matti Ahonen, Finnish ski jumper

Janne Ahonen
Janne Petteri Ahonen (pronounced [ˈjɑnːe ˈpetːeri ˈɑhonen] ⓘ; born 11 May 1977) is a Finnish former ski jumper and drag racer. He competed in ski jumping between 1992 and 2018, and is one of the sport's most successful athletes of all time, as well as one of the most successful from Finland. Ahonen won two consecutive World Cup overall titles (the most recent ski jumper to do so, as of 2025), the Four Hills Tournament a record five times, two individual gold medals at the World Championships, and the Nordic Tournament once. Nicknamed Kuningaskotka ("King Eagle"), he has been described as the greatest ski jumper to have never won an individual medal at the Winter Olympics.