hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
4-Amino-1-butanol
4-Amino-1-butanol, or 4-aminobutanol, also known as 4-hydroxybutylamine, is an alkanolamine and an analogue and precursor of the neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA).

The structural relation of 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BD) to γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) is analogous to the relation of 4-amino-1-butanol to GABA. 1,4-BD is a known prodrug of GHB which is converted into it through the actions of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). γ-Hydroxybutyraldehyde (GHBAL) is an intermediate in this pathway, whereas the analogous intermediate structure for 4-amino-1-butanol and GABA is γ-aminobutyraldehyde (GABAL). Similar to the conversion of 1,4-BD into GHB, 4-amino-1-butanol is converted into GABAL by aldehyde reductase (ALR) and GABAL is converted into GABA by ALDH.

Metabolic intermediate
Metabolic intermediates are compounds produced during the conversion of substrates (starting molecules) into final products in biochemical reactions within cells.

Although these intermediates are of relatively minor direct importance to cellular function, they can play important roles in the allosteric regulation of enzymes, glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and amino acid synthesis.

Metabolic pathways consist of a series of enzymatically catalyzed reactions where each step transforms a substrate into a product that serves as the substrate for the next reaction. Metabolic intermediates are compounds that form during these steps, and they are neither the starting substrate nor the final product of the pathway. These intermediates are crucial because they allow for regulation, energy storage, and extraction of chemical energy in a controlled manner.
Erythranthe rhodopetra
Erythranthe rhodopetra, also known as the Red Rock Canyon monkeyflower, is a species of plant. Erythranthe rhodopetra is a rare plant native to Kern County, California, United States. According to the California Native Plant Society, "Known only from the El Paso Mtns. Many occurrences historical; need field surveys. Possibly threatened by mining, vehicles, recreational activities, foot traffic, and non-native plants. Previously identified as, and similar to, E. palmeri."

El Paso Mountains Wilderness
The El Paso Mountains Wilderness was created in 1994 and now has a total of 23,780 acres (96.2 km2). All of the wilderness is in the northern Mojave Desert in eastern Kern County, California and is managed by the Bureau of Land Management. It is located south of Ridgecrest, California.
Disability in the media
The depiction of disability in the media plays a major role in molding the public perception of disability. Perceptions portrayed in the media directly influence the way people with disabilities are treated in current society. "[Media platforms] have been cited as a key site for the reinforcement of negative images and ideas in regard to people with disabilities."

As a direct response, there have been increasing examples worldwide of people with disabilities pursuing their own media projects, such as creating film series centered on disability issues, radio programs and podcasts designed around and marketed towards those with disabilities, and so on.

Radio program
A radio program, radio programme, or radio show is a segment of content intended for broadcast on radio. It may be a one-time production, or part of a periodically recurring series. A single program in a series is called an episode.
Zhamantuz, Shalkar District
Zhamantuz (Kazakh: Жамантұз) is a salt lake in Shalkar District, Aktobe Region, Kazakhstan.

The lake lies about 20 kilometers (12 mi) to the NNW of Shalkar town, the district capital. The Shalkar-Aktobe railway passes 11 kilometers (6.8 mi) to the southwest of the lake.

Salt lake
A salt lake or saline lake is a landlocked body of water that has a concentration of salts (typically sodium chloride) and other dissolved minerals significantly higher than most lakes (often defined as at least three grams of salt per liter). In some cases, salt lakes have a higher concentration of salt than sea water; such lakes can also be termed hypersaline lake, and may also be pink lakes on account of their color. An alkalic salt lake that has a high content of carbonate is sometimes termed a soda lake.

Salt lakes are classified according to salinity levels. The formation of these lakes is influenced by processes such as evaporation and deposition. Salt lakes face serious conservation challenges due to climate change, pollution and water diversion.
CES Letter
A Letter to a CES Director, later renamed CES Letter, is an open letter critical of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).

In 2012, Jeremy Runnells began to experience doubts over his faith. A director of institute of the LDS Church's Church Educational System (CES) asked him to write his concerns, and in response Runnells sent an 84-page letter with his concerns and criticisms of the LDS Church. After not receiving a response, in April 2013 he posted his letter on the internet. The letter spread throughout the Mormon blogosphere and LDS Church communities and became one of the most influential sites providing the catalyst for many people leaving the LDS Church and resigning their membership.

The publicity from the CES Letter led Runnells to found the CES Letter Foundation, for which donations and paperback sales have allowed the CES Letter project to grow into a full-time career.

Mormon blogosphere
The Mormon blogosphere (often referred to as the Bloggernacle) is a segment of the blogosphere focused on issues related to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).

The term "Bloggernacle" was coined by individuals within the Latter-day Saint blogging community as a play on the name of the Mormon Tabernacle Choir; however, not all Latter-day Saint-themed bloggers like or use the name Bloggernacle, or even consider their blog to be part of it. Furthermore, not all bloggers within the Mormon blogosphere are Latter-day Saints themselves.
Manitou station
Manitou station (/mænɪtuː/ MAN-ih-TOO) is a commuter railroad station in the town of Philipstown in Putnam County, New York. Named after the hamlet of Manitou where it is located, the stop services trains of Metro-North Railroad's Hudson Line. Manitou station is a limited service stop, one of two on the Hudson Line, along with Breakneck Ridge in the town of Fishkill. Both stations serve as stops for local hikers. Appalachian Trail station on the Harlem Line also serves this purpose. Manitou station is a two side platform station located at the crossing of Manitou Road. The station has seven inbound trains stop on weekends toward Grand Central Terminal and six outbound trains on the way to Poughkeepsie station. This station is the least used station in Putnam County, with only 42 passengers per week in 2018.

Commuter rail in North America
Commuter rail services in the United States, Canada, Cuba, Mexico, Panama, and Costa Rica provide common carrier passenger transportation along railway tracks, with scheduled service on fixed routes on a non-reservation basis, primarily for short-distance (local) travel between a central business district and adjacent suburbs and regional travel between cities of a conurbation. It does not include rapid transit or light rail service.
Athletics at the 2020 Summer Paralympics – Women's 100 metres T38
The women's 100 metres T38 event at the 2020 Summer Paralympics in Tokyo will take place on 28 August 2021.

The T38 category is for ambulant athletes with cerebral palsy. T38 athletes have the mildest form of impairment caused by cerebral palsy, often in only one limb, and not affecting the ability to run, walk or jump freely, although impairing performance. T38 athletes may suffer minor co-ordination difficulties.

T38 (classification)
T38 and CP8 are disability sport classification for disability athletics intended for people with cerebral palsy.  It includes people who have coordination impairments such as hypertonia, ataxia and athetosis.  Runners in this class may appear to have a slight limp when they are running but otherwise have a stride similar to able-bodied runners. Events for this class include  100 meters, 400 meters, 1,500 meters, and the long jump.
Coleophora struella
Coleophora struella is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. It is found in France and on the Iberian Peninsula.

The larvae feed on Lavandula and Thymus vulgaris. They create a conical, light brown to greyish lobe case. The lobes are large and very neatly arranged transversely. Full-grown cases are found in April and May.

Lavandula
Lavandula (common name lavender) is a genus of 47 known species of perennial flowering plants in the sage family, Lamiaceae. It is native to the Old World, primarily found across the drier, warmer regions of the Mediterranean, with an affinity for maritime breezes.

Lavender is found on the Iberian Peninsula and around the entirety of the Mediterranean coastline (including the Adriatic coast, the Balkans, the Levant, and coastal North Africa), in parts of Eastern and Southern Africa and the Middle East, as well as in South Asia and on the Indian subcontinent.

Many members of the genus are cultivated extensively in temperate climates as ornamental plants for garden and landscape use, for use as culinary herbs, and also commercially for the extraction of essential oils. Lavender is used in traditional medicine and as an ingredient in cosmetics.
Sharon Callus
Sharon Callus (born 28 April 1956) is a Maltese international lawn bowler.

She was born in Carlton, Victoria, Australia and was selected as part of the Maltese team for the 2018 Commonwealth Games on the Gold Coast in Queensland where she claimed a bronze medal in the Fours with Connie-Leigh Rixon, Rosemaree Rixon and Rebecca Rixon.

She is married to fellow Maltese international bowler Leonard Callus.

Lawn bowls at the 2018 Commonwealth Games – Women's fours
Lawn bowls women's fours at the 2018 Commonwealth Games was held at the Broadbeach Bowls Club in the Gold Coast, Australia from April 5 to 9. A total of 76 athletes from 19 associations participated in the event.
New Zealand top 50 albums of 1998
This is a list of the top 50 albums in New Zealand of 1998 as compiled by Recorded Music NZ in the end-of-year chart of the Official New Zealand Music Chart. Five albums by New Zealand artists are included on the chart, the highest being The Feelers' debut album Supersystem at No. 2.

Supersystem (album)
Supersystem, released in 1998, is the debut album by the Feelers. Since its release it has sold over four times platinum in the NZ Music Charts and is the winner of five NZ music awards in 1998. Singles include "Pressure Man", "Venus", "Friend" and "Supersystem".
Spanish ship Sánchez Barcáiztegui
Two ships of the Spanish Navy have borne the name Sánchez Barcáiztegui, after Capitán de navío de primera clase (Ship-of-the-Line Captain) First Class Victoriano Sánchez Barcáiztegui (1826–1875), a Spanish Navy hero of the Chincha Islands War and  the Third Carlist War (1872–1876):

Sánchez Barcáiztegui, a Jorge Juan-class screw sloop commissioned in 1877 and sunk in a collision in 1895.

Sánchez Barcáiztegui, a Churruca-class destroyer in commission from 1928 to 1964.

Chincha Islands War
The Chincha Islands War, also known as Spanish–South American War (Spanish: Guerra hispano-sudamericana), was a series of coastal and naval battles between Spain and its former colonies of Peru, Chile, Ecuador, and Bolivia from 1865 to 1879. The conflict began with Spain's seizure of the guano-rich Chincha Islands in one of a series of attempts by Spain, under Isabella II, to reassert its influence over its former South American colonies. The war saw the use of ironclads, including the Spanish armoured frigate Numancia, the first ironclad to circumnavigate the world.
Daven Vanderpool
Daven "Prestige" Vanderpool is an American hip-hop and R&B record producer. He was once a member of Bad Boy's in-house production team, "The Hitmen", and has also produced on many Bad Boy-related projects. His usual sound is a distinctive combination of funk and more heavily, electronica influences, promoted through his use of samples from Gary Numan, Dominatrix and Duran Duran. This sound is particularly heard on his productions for Jay-Z, Sauce Money, Mase, Mic Geronimo and Shyne.

Born Again (The Notorious B.I.G. album)
Born Again is the first posthumous compilation album by American rapper the Notorious B.I.G., released by Bad Boy Records and Arista Records on December 7, 1999, two years after his death. It is composed primarily of early recorded verses with remixed beats and newly recorded guest vocals.

The album debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 chart with 485,000 albums sold in the first week, and was certified 2× Platinum by the RIAA on January 14, 2000 and has sold over 2,350,000 copies in the United States. Born Again received generally mixed reviews from music critics.
Vasile Alecsandri National College (Bacău)
Vasile Alecsandri National College (Romanian: Colegiul Național "Vasile Alecsandri") is a public day high school in Bacău, Romania, located at 37 Vasile Alecsandri Street.

Founded as a secondary school for girls in 1921, work on the building lasted from 1925 to 1934. Today, this is considered a historic monument by Romania's Ministry of Culture and Religious Affairs. In 1954, the institution became coeducational, and in 1959, it was named after poet Vasile Alecsandri. In 2001, it was granted the title of national college.

The institution publishes quarterly the International Journal of Geometry; the editor in chief is Cătălin Ionel Barbu, a professor at the college.

National Register of Historic Monuments in Romania
The National Register of Historic Monuments (Romanian: Lista Monumentelor Istorice (LMI)) is the official English name of the Romania government's list of national heritage sites known as Monumente istorice. In Romania, these include sites, buildings, structures, and objects considered worthy of preservation due to the importance of their Romanian cultural heritage. The list, created in 2004, contains places that have been designated by the Ministry of Culture and National Patrimony of Romania and are maintained by the Romanian National Institute of Historical Monuments, as being of national historic significance.
Vilcha, Kharkiv Oblast
Vilcha (Ukrainian: Вільча) is a Ukrainian rural settlement in Chuhuiv Raion (prior to 2020 in Vovchansk Raion) in Kharkiv Oblast. It belongs to Vovchansk urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 1,639 (2022 estimate).

Until 18 July 2020, Vilcha belonged to Vovchansk Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Kharkiv Oblast to seven. The area of Vovchansk Raion was merged into Chuhuiv Raion. On 26 January 2024, a new law entered into force which abolished the status of uran-type settlement, and Vilcha became a rural settlement.

Kharkiv Oblast
Kharkiv Oblast (Ukrainian: Харківська область, romanized: Kharkivska oblast, Russian: Харьковская область, romanized: Kharkovskaya oblast), also referred to as Kharkivshchyna (Ukrainian: Харківщина), is an oblast (province) in eastern Ukraine.

Kharkiv borders Luhansk Oblast to the east, Donetsk Oblast to the southeast, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast to the southwest, Poltava Oblast to the west, Sumy Oblast to the northwest and Russia's Belgorod Oblast to the north. Its area is 31,400 square kilometres (12,100 sq mi), or 5.2% of the total territory of Ukraine.

The oblast is the third-most populous of Ukraine, with a population of 2,598,961 in 2021, more than half (1.42 million) of whom live in the city of Kharkiv, the oblast's administrative center.
Superstar K 7
Superstar K7 (Korean: 슈퍼스타 K7) is the seventh season of the South Korean television talent show series Superstar K, which premiered on 20 August 2015 on Mnet and aired Thursday nights at 11PM KST. Eliminations are determined in every episode, based on text message votes and online votes that are open to the entire public. The winner of Superstar K7, Kevin Oh received 500,000,000 won (US$470,990), a Jaguar XE, and other benefits. This was the largest prize offered in the history of the show so far, in hopes of regaining their audience share. Yoon Jong-shin, Kim Bum-soo, & Baek Ji-young returned as judges. The season also saw the addition of Sung Si-kyung as a judge following the departure of Lee Seung-chul.

Jaguar XE
The Jaguar XE (X760) is a compact executive car manufactured by Jaguar Land Rover and marketed under their Jaguar marque from April 2015 until mid-2024 across a single generation. It is a four-door saloon car with a front-mounted engine and either rear-wheel drive or all-wheel drive.

The successor to the X-Type, it was designed by Ian Callum and launched at the October 2014 Paris Motor Show.

The XE is noted for its aluminium suspension componentry as well as its bonded-and-riveted unitary aluminium  monocoque structure, without need for a reinforcing space frame, pioneered by Jaguar on their third generation XJ-series (X350; from 2002) — the first in its segment.
Simrithi Bathija
Simrithi Haresh Bathija (born 9 April 1999) is an Indian model and beauty pageant titleholder. As Miss India International 2019, she represented India at the 59th edition of the Miss International pageant in Tokyo, Japan.

Glamanand Group
The Glamanand Group is an Indian organization headquartered in New Delhi, which conducts national and international beauty pageants. Founded in 2014 by Nikhil Anand, it has since acquired a number of international beauty pageant licenses in India.

Glamanand Group owns 3 international pageants Miss Teen International, Miss Teen Earth and Miss Multinational.
2022 Astana Open – Doubles
Nikola Mektić and Mate Pavić defeated Adrian Mannarino and Fabrice Martin in the final, 6–4, 6–2 to win the doubles tennis title at the 2022 Astana Open.

Santiago González and Andrés Molteni were the defending champions, but did not compete together. González partnered Łukasz Kubot, but lost in the first round to Tim Pütz and Michael Venus. Molteni partnered Francisco Cerúndolo, but lost in the first round to Kevin Krawietz and Andreas Mies.

Nikola Mektić
Nikola Mektić (born 24 December 1988) is a Croatian professional tennis player who is a former world No. 1 in doubles.

He is a two-time Grand Slam champion, having won the 2021 Wimbledon Championships in men's doubles partnering compatriot Mate Pavić, and the 2020 Australian Open with Barbora Krejčíková in mixed doubles. Mektić also finished runner-up at the 2020 US Open with Wesley Koolhof and at the 2022 Wimbledon Championships with Pavić in men's doubles, and the 2018 US Open with Alicja Rosolska in mixed doubles.

He became world No. 1 in men's doubles in October 2021, the second Croatian to reach this ranking. Mektić has won 33 doubles titles on the ATP Tour, including 10 at Masters 1000 level with five different partners. He also won the 2020 ATP Finals with Koolhof. In singles, he reached his highest ranking of world No. 213 in May 2013. Mektić was part of the Croatian team which won the 2018 Davis Cup, and won men's doubles gold at the 2020 Olympic Games alongside Pavić.
Birds Make Good Neighbors
Birds Make Good Neighbors is the second album by North Carolina indie rock band The Rosebuds.  It was released on September 13, 2005 by Merge Records on CD, and one week later on vinyl by Goodnight Records.

It received generally positive reviews, with a score of 78/100 on Metacritic.

Goodnight Records
Goodnight Records is an independent record label and publishing company based in Williamsburg, Brooklyn.  Founded in Atlanta in 2004 by Keith Voglesong and Nathan Jones, Goodnight Records has released records by bands from all over the country and has partnered with larger independent labels such as Merge Records to produce specialty co-releases for their artists.
ATM (TV series)
ATM is an Indian Telugu-language heist thriller streaming television series set in Hyderabad, starring Subbaraju, VJ Sunny, Krishna Burugula, Ravi Raj, Roiel Shree, Divi Vadthya, Divya Vani, and Prudhvi Raj. It was directed by debutant C. Chandra Mohan, from a story penned by Harish Shankar, and produced by Harshith and Hanshitha Reddy, under Dil Raju Productions, a subsidiary wing of Sri Venkateswara Creations.

The music was scored by Prashanth R Vihari, cinematography by Monic Kumar G, and dialogues  written by Vijay Muthyam and CP Emmanuel. The series follows four youngsters from the slums of Hyderabad, who rob for their livelihood. They get trapped in a high-profile case and are named the most-wanted accused. It was streamed on ZEE5 from 20 January 2023.

Sri Venkateswara Creations
Sri Venkateswara Creations is an Indian film production company based in Hyderabad. It was established by Dil Raju in 2003 and has produced several Telugu films. The company also has a subsidiary film distribution business named Sri Venkateswara Film Distributors.

Some of the notable films produced by the company include Dil (2003), Arya (2004), Bhadra (2005), Bommarillu (2006), Kotha Bangaru Lokam (2008), Brindavanam (2010), Mr. Perfect (2011), Seethamma Vakitlo Sirimalle Chettu (2013), Shatamanam Bhavati (2017), Fidaa (2017), F2: Fun and Frustration (2019), Maharshi (2019), Varisu (2023), and Sankranthiki Vasthunam (2025). Eight directors debuted in Telugu cinema through Sri Venkateswara Creations — Sukumar, Boyapati Srinu, Bhaskar, Vamshi Paidipally, Srikanth Addala, Vasu Varma, Ravi Yadav, and Venu Sriram.
Pristimantis maculosus
Pristimantis maculosus is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae. It is endemic to Colombia and is only known from a few localities in the Cordillera Central in Caldas, Antioquia, and Quindío Departments. The specific name maculosus is Latin for "dappled" or "spotted" and refers to the pale spots on the hidden surfaces of this species. Common name spotted robber frog has been coined for it.

Strabomantidae
The Strabomantidae, sometimes called cloud forest landfrogs, are a family of frogs native to South America. These frogs lack a free-living larval stage and hatch directly into miniature "froglets". This family includes Pristimantis, the most speciose genus of any vertebrate. Based on molecular dating, the Holoadeninae in particular appears to have originated in the Eocene. The Oligocene-Miocene transition was also found to be important to their biogeographical history. However, the lack of Holoadeninae fossils and limited nucleotide data ambiguates the results, by the authors' admission.
NarK RNA motif
The narK RNA motif is a conserved RNA structure that was discovered by bioinformatics.
narK motif RNAs are found in Beta- and Gammaproteobacteria.

narK RNAs likely function as cis-regulatory elements, in view of their positions upstream of protein-coding genes.  Four genes are presumably regulated by narK RNA, and they encode: a nitrate transporter, proteins with sulfite- and nitrate reductase domains, proteins in the major facilitator superfamily and cyclic di-GMP-specific phosphodiesterases of the EAL family.  It was therefore proposed that there is good evidence that narK RNAs regulate genes in cis, and that they might play a role related to nitrate.

Phosphodiesterase
A phosphodiesterase (PDE) is an enzyme that breaks a phosphodiester bond.  Usually, phosphodiesterase refers to cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases, which have great clinical significance and are described below.  However, there are many other families of phosphodiesterases, including phospholipases C and D, autotaxin, sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase, DNases, RNases, and restriction endonucleases (which all break the phosphodiester backbone of DNA or RNA), as well as numerous less-well-characterized small-molecule phosphodiesterases.

The cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases comprise a group of enzymes that degrade the phosphodiester bond in the second messenger molecules cAMP and cGMP. They regulate the localization, duration, and amplitude of cyclic nucleotide signaling within subcellular domains. PDEs are therefore important regulators of signal transduction mediated by these second messenger molecules.