hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Zaina Kadal
Zaina Kadal (Urdu pronunciation: [zɛːnɑː kəd̪əl] ; Kashmiri pronunciation: [zəːnɨ kəd̪ɨl]) is one of the seven historic bridges located in Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir. It was constructed as a typical wooden bridge by Kashmir Sultanate Zayn al-Abidin the Great in 1427 CE and named after him. It spans the Jhelum River and serves as a significant example of medieval Kashmiri architecture and infrastructure. It has played a primary role in connecting different parts of the city throughout its history.

Zaina Kadal was originally constructed using wood and stone, consistent with the architectural practices of the time. The bridge has undergone several restorations over the centuries, primarily due to damage caused by floods and natural wear. Despite these renovations, attempts have been made to preserve its original design and cultural significance.

Culture of Kashmir
The culture of Kashmir  encompasses the spoken language, written literature, cuisine, architecture, traditions, and history of the Kashmiri people native to the northern part of the Indian subcontinent. The culture of Kashmir was influenced by the Persian as well as Central Asian cultures after the Islamic rule of Kashmir. Kashmiri culture is influenced by Hinduism, Buddhism and later by Islam.
Transvaal
Transvaal is a historical geographic term associated with land north of (i.e., beyond) the Vaal River in South Africa. A number of states and administrative divisions have carried the name Transvaal.

South African Republic (1856–1902; Afrikaans: Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek), a Boer republic also known as the Transvaal in English

Transvaal Colony (1902–1910), British colony

Transvaal (province) (1910–1994), province of the Union of South Africa and later the Republic of South Africa

Transvaal (province)
The Province of Transvaal (Afrikaans: Provinsie van Transvaal), commonly referred to as the Transvaal (/ˈtrɑːnsvɑːl, ˈtræns-/; Afrikaans: [transˈfɑːl]), was a province of South Africa from 1910 until 1994, when a new constitution subdivided it following the end of apartheid. The name "Transvaal" is from the Latin prefix trans, which means across from, or on the other side. Hence, Transvaal refers to the province's geographical location to the north of the Vaal River. Its capital was Pretoria, which was also the country's executive capital.
Amar Khan Shikak
Amar Khan Sharifi (Kurdish: عه‌مه‌ر خانی شەریفی, Kurdish pronunciation: [ʕæˈmær xaːˈniː ʃæˈriːfi]; 1873 – 1958 in Zindasht, West Azerbaijan, Iran), better known as Amar Khan Shikak (Kurdish: عەمەر خانی شکاک, romanized: Emer Xanî Şikak) was a prominent Kurdish tribal leader from the Shekak tribe. He was the son of Mohammad Sharif Sharifi and played a significant role in the leadership of the Kardar and Shekak tribes following his father's death. Based on local accounts, Amar Khan was reported to be Simko's uncle, although others believed that he was Simko's cousin.

During the early 20th century, the Shekak tribe gained influence under the leadership of Simko Shikak, especially after receiving support from the Russian Empire. Amar Khan became Simko's chief aide among the Shekaks during this period. After Simko's assassination, he assumed the leadership of the Shekak tribe.

Amar Khan later aligned with Qazi Muhammad and the Republic of Mahabad.

Qazi Muhammad
Qazi Muhammad (Kurdish: قازی محەممەد, romanized: Qazî Mihemed, Persian: قاضی محمد; 1 May 1893 – 31 March 1947) was an Iranian Kurdish Islamic cleric and political leader who founded the Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan (PDKI) and was the first president of the short-lived, Soviet-backed, though internationally unrecognized, secessionist Republic of Mahabad. He was hanged by the Iranian government for treason in 1947.
Ching Miao
Ching Miao (Chinese: 井淼; March 15, 1913 – 1989) was a Taiwanese actor born in Shandong, China. He had appeared in over 190 films, mostly in Hong Kong for the Shaw Brothers Studio.

He won the Best Supporting Actor for Golden Horse Awards twice, for Between Tears and Smiles (1964) and Too Late for Love (1967) respectively.

Actress Ching Li is his daughter.

Golden Horse Film Festival and Awards
The Taipei Golden Horse Film Festival and Taipei Golden Horse Awards (Chinese: 台北金馬影展; pinyin: Táiběi Jīnmǎ Yǐngzhǎn; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tâi-pak Kim-má iáⁿ-tián) are a film festival and associated awards ceremony held annually in Taiwan. The festival and ceremony were founded in 1962 by the Government Information Office of the Republic of China (ROC) in Taiwan and is now run as an independent organisation. The awards ceremony is usually held in November or December in Taipei, although the event has also been held in other locations in Taiwan in recent times.
Ophryocystis elektroscirrha
Ophryocystis elektroscirrha (sometimes abbreviated OE or O.e.) is an obligate, neogregarine protozoan parasite that infects Danaus (tiger) butterflies. The species was first discovered in Florida, around the late 1960s. Since then, it has been found in every monarch population examined to date, including monarchs sampled in North America, Hawaii, Australia, Cuba, and Central and South America.

Dormant spores occur on the cuticles of butterflies, in between the butterfly's scales. They are small, brown or black objects about 1/100 the width of a butterfly scale.

Ophryocystis elektroscirrha was long thought to exclusively parasitize monarch (Danaus plexippus) and queen (Danaus gilippus) butterflies, however a study by Gao et al. (2020) discovered OE or an OE-like parasite on three noctuid moth species, and Parthenos sylvia, another butterfly in the monarch family.

Obligate parasite
An obligate parasite or holoparasite is a parasitic organism that cannot complete its life-cycle without exploiting a suitable host. If an obligate parasite cannot obtain a host it will fail to reproduce. This is opposed to a facultative parasite, which can act as a parasite but does not rely on its host to continue its life-cycle. Obligate parasites have evolved a variety of parasitic strategies to exploit their hosts.

It is advantageous for the parasite to preserve the health of its host when this is compatible with its nutritional and reproductive requirements, except when the death of the host is necessary for transmission.
Elk Grove Village, Illinois
Elk Grove Village is a village in Cook and DuPage Counties, Illinois, United States. The population was 32,812 at the 2020 census, and was estimated at 31,802 in 2024. Located 22 miles (35 km) northwest of Chicago along the Golden Corridor, the Village of Elk Grove Village was incorporated on July 17, 1956. It is directly adjacent to O'Hare International Airport and is economically important to the Chicago metropolitan area due to its large industrial park, located on the eastern border of the village. The community is served by several Interstate highways including I-90, I-290/I-355/Route 53, and IL-390. Elk Grove is also expected to be served by the I-490 Western O'Hare Bypass upon completion of the project.

Illinois Route 53
Illinois Route 53 (IL 53) is an arterial north–south state highway in northeast Illinois. IL 53 runs from Main Street west of historic U.S. Route 66 (US 66) in Gardner to IL 83 in Long Grove, a distance of 82.02 miles (132.00 km).  It mainly cuts through the western suburbs of Chicago, passes through Bolingbrook, Romeoville, Crest Hill and Joliet, merging into I-55 at Gardner.
The Blacklist (band)
The Blacklist are an Australian hard and fast beer metal band formed in Melbourne in late 2001. The band features former members of the Sex Bombs, the Spoilers, the Demolitions and Warped. They play music similar to Motörhead, the Hookers, Venom and Zeke. Shortly after their debut album Electric & Evil was released in June 2004, the group added a third guitarist to their line-up. The group have toured Europe.

Venom (band)
Venom are an English heavy metal band formed in Newcastle upon Tyne in 1978. Coming to prominence towards the end of the new wave of British heavy metal (NWOBHM), Venom's first two albums, Welcome to Hell (1981) and Black Metal (1982), are considered major influences on black metal, thrash metal and extreme metal in general. Their second album proved influential enough that its title was used as the name of the black metal genre; as a result, Venom were part of the first wave of the genre, along with Mercyful Fate and Bathory.
Lake Bryde-East Lake Bryde
Lake Bryde-East Lake Bryde is a DIWA-listed freshwater wetland system located in the Great Southern region of Western Australia. The system consists of two lakes: Lake Bryde, with an area of 50 hectares (120 acres); and East Lake Bryde, with an area of about 1.4 square kilometres (0.54 sq mi). They are located at the head of a chain of lakes that extend to Lake Magenta, and ultimately form part of the Swan-Avon drainage system.

A Directory of Important Wetlands in Australia
A Directory of Important Wetlands in Australia (DIWA) is a list of wetlands of national importance to Australia published by the Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water. Intended to augment the list of wetlands of international importance under the Ramsar Convention, it was formerly published in report form, but is now essentially an online publication. Wetlands that appear in the Directory are commonly referred to as "DIWA wetlands" or "Directory wetlands".
Rancho Cañada del Rincon en el Rio San Lorenzo
Rancho Cañada del Rincon en el Rio San Lorenzo was a 5,827-acre (23.58 km2) Mexican land grant in present-day Santa Cruz County, California given in 1843 by Governor Manuel Micheltorena, and confirmed in 1846 by Governor Pío Pico, to Pedro Sainsevain.  The name means "valley on a corner on the San Lorenzo River".  The grant was north of present-day Santa Cruz on the San Lorenzo River.

San Lorenzo River
The San Lorenzo River (Spanish: Río de San Lorenzo) is a 29.3-mile-long (47.2 km) river in the U.S. state of California. The name San Lorenzo derives from the Spanish language for "Saint Lawrence" due to its reported sighting on that saint's feast day by Spanish explorers. Its headwaters originate in Castle Rock State Park in the Santa Cruz Mountains and flow south by southeast through the San Lorenzo Valley before passing through Santa Cruz and emptying into Monterey Bay and the Pacific Ocean.
Callicera
Callicera is a Holarctic genus of hoverflies

They are beautiful metallic flies, with strikingly long antennae are medium-sized to rather large (wing length 9·75–15 mm.) bumblebee mimics.  All the species are considered rare. Callicera larvae live in the moist rot-holes of overmature trees as saprophages.

Callicera have been used as bioindicators.

Holarctic realm
The Holarctic realm is a biogeographic realm that comprises the majority of habitats found throughout the continents in the Northern Hemisphere. It corresponds to the floristic Boreal kingdom. It includes both the Nearctic zoogeographical region (which covers most of North America), and Alfred Wallace's Palearctic zoogeographical region (which covers  North Africa, and all of Eurasia except for  Southeast Asia, the Indian subcontinent, and the southern Arabian Peninsula).

These  regions are further subdivided into a variety of ecoregions. Many ecosystems and the animal and plant communities that depend on them extend across a number of continents and cover large portions of the Holarctic realm. This continuity is the result of those regions’ shared glacial history.
Slipping Away (Rolling Stones song)
"Slipping Away" is a song recorded by the English rock band the Rolling Stones. Written by Mick Jagger and Keith Richards, it is a ballad sung by Richards. It was included as the last track of the band's 1989 studio album Steel Wheels. The Stones have since performed "Slipping Away" during the 1995 leg of the Voodoo Lounge Tour, the 2002-2003 Licks Tour throughout the 2005-2007 A Bigger Bang Tour, on the 14 On Fire tour with former guitarist Mick Taylor guesting, and on the No Filter Tour.

A Bigger Bang Tour
A Bigger Bang was a worldwide concert tour by the Rolling Stones which took place between August 2005 and August 2007, in support of their album A Bigger Bang. At the time, it was the highest-grossing tour of all time, earning $558,255,524, before being surpassed by U2's 2009–11 U2 360 Tour, and eventually Taylor Swift's 2023–24 Eras Tour. The tour was chronicled on the video release The Biggest Bang, compiling full performances, several recordings from shows and documentaries. Notable concerts on the tour included a two-night stand in the autumn of 2006 at the Beacon Theatre filmed by Martin Scorsese for Shine a Light, and their half-time performance at Super Bowl XL.
Alligator Pond
Alligator Pond is a fishing village on the southwestern coast of Jamaica in the parish of Manchester.

Unlike the tourist-oriented coasts in the northern part of the country, Alligator Pond's shoreline is as much about work as play; here fishermen launch their boats to catch some of the island's best-regarded fish while women conduct the wholesale business of the catch. Weather-worn cookshops and bars line the sand's edge, supplying food staples such as curried goat and Red Stripe beer.

Manchester Parish
The Parish of Manchester (Jamaican Patois: Manchesta) is a parish located in west-central Jamaica, in the county of Middlesex. Its capital, Mandeville, is a major business centre. Its St. Paul of the Cross Pro-Cathedral is the episcopal see of the Latin Catholic Diocese of Mandeville.
David M. Glantz
David M. Glantz (born January 11, 1942) is an American military historian known for his books on the Red Army during World War II and as the chief editor of The Journal of Slavic Military Studies.

Born in Port Chester, New York, Glantz received degrees in history from the Virginia Military Institute and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He is a graduate of the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, Defense Language Institute, Institute for Russian and Eastern European Studies, and U.S. Army War College.

Glantz had a career of more than 30 years in the U.S. Army, served in the Vietnam War, and retired as a colonel in 1993.

United States Army Command and General Staff College
The United States Army Command and General Staff College (CGSC or USACGSC) is a staff college for United States Army located at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. The college was established in 1881 by William Tecumseh Sherman as the School of Application for Infantry and Cavalry (later simply the Infantry and Cavalry School), a training school for infantry and cavalry officers.

In 1907 it changed its title to the School of the Line. The curriculum expanded throughout World War I, World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War and continues to adapt to include lessons learned from current conflicts. It provides Professional Military Education to officers of the United States Army, as well as foreign military officers.

In addition to the main campus at Fort Leavenworth, the college has satellite campuses at Fort Belvoir, Virginia; Fort Lee, Virginia; Fort Gordon, Georgia; and Redstone Arsenal, Alabama. The college also maintains a distance-learning modality for some of its instruction.
Gambia Democratic Congress
Gambia Democratic Congress is a political party in the Gambia led by Mama Kandeh, a former APRC National Assembly member. It was established in 2016.

The initial deputy leader, Facuru Sillah, later left the party after a dispute with Kandeh. Kandeh ended up as the third most voted candidate with 12.32% of the vote in the 2021 election, which was won by incumbent president Adama Barrow.

National Assembly of the Gambia
The National Assembly of the Gambia is the unicameral legislature of the Gambia. The authorisation for the National Assembly lies in Chapter VII of the Constitution of the Gambia. It is composed of 53 members directly elected through first past the post, and a further five members appointed by the President.
Hillhouse Hollow
Hillhouse Hollow is a stream valley in northeastern Wright County in the Ozarks of southern Missouri.

The source area for the intermittent stream in the valley is at 37°21′49″N 92°28′25″W﻿ / ﻿37.36361°N 92.47361°W﻿ / 37.36361; -92.47361 and the confluence with the Gasconade River is at 37°25′21″N 92°24′10″W﻿ / ﻿37.42250°N 92.40278°W﻿ / 37.42250; -92.40278. The stream source area is just east of Missouri Route Z and it flows northeast past the community of St. George and passing under Missouri Route H to its confluence with the Gasconade adjacent to Missouri Route T.

Hillhouse Hollow (or Hill House Hollow) was so named due to the "hill houses" located above it in pioneer days.

Wright County, Missouri
Wright County is a county located in the southern portion of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the population was 18,188. Its county seat is Hartville. The county was officially organized on January 29, 1841, and is named after Silas Wright (D-New York), a former Congressman, U.S. Senator and Governor of New York.

As of the 2020 United States census, the U.S. Census Bureau recognized the mean center of the United States population to be within the county, near the community of Hartville.
Rehan Sheikh
Rehan Sheikh (born 13 January 1969) is a Pakistani film and television actor, director, writer, film maker and producer. For his portrayal of Hafiz Ilyas in social drama Inkaar (2019), he received critical praise and a nomination for Best Actor at Lux Style Awards.

Pakistan Television Corporation
Pakistan Television Corporation (Urdu: پاکستان ٹیلی وژن نیٹ ورک; reporting name: PTV), also known as Pakistan Television, is the Pakistani public broadcaster based in Islamabad, Pakistan, which comprises a number of TV channels.

The PTV is operated and managed directly under the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting of federal Government of Pakistan since its founding on 26 November 1964 when a pilot television station was established at Lahore, Punjab.
The Forest (album)
The Forest is a mostly instrumental album by the American musician David Byrne, released in June 1991, inspired by the Epic of Gilgamesh and set during the later Industrial Revolution.  Some of the music from this orchestral album was originally used in a Robert Wilson directed theatre piece with the same name. The Forest premiered at the Theater der Freien Volksbühne, West Berlin in 1988.

Robert Wilson (director)
Robert Wilson (October 4, 1941 – July 31, 2025) was an American director and playwright of experimental theater. He also worked as a choreographer, performer, painter, sculptor, video artist, and sound and lighting designer. He is best known for his collaboration with Philip Glass and Lucinda Childs on Einstein on the Beach, and his frequent collaborations with Tom Waits. In 1991, Wilson established The Watermill Center, "a laboratory for performance" on the East End of Long Island, New York, regularly working with opera and theater companies, as well as cultural festivals.
No Future for You
"No Future for You" is the second story arc of the Buffy the Vampire Slayer Season Eight series of comic books, based upon the television series of the same name, and is written by Brian K. Vaughan. The story arc would be reprinted in trade paperback under the publication of Dark Horse Comics on June 4, 2008.

Graduation Day (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)
"Graduation Day" is the season finale of the third season of the drama television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer, consisting of the twenty-first and twenty-second episodes. They were written and directed by series creator Joss Whedon. "Part 1" first aired on May 18, 1999 and "Part 2" first aired on July 13, 1999; both airing on The WB. The second part was to originally be aired on May 25, 1999, but was postponed due to the episode's content and the occurrence of the Columbine High School shootings one month prior.

The episodes are the last to feature David Boreanaz and Charisma Carpenter as series regulars due to their starring in the spin-off series Angel.
EAH Housing
EAH Housing is a nonprofit corporation which develops, manages, and operates affordable housing for low-income families, older adults, and persons with disabilities/special needs in California and Hawaii. It was founded in 1968. The acronym used in its founding stands for Ecumenical Association for Housing, however today it does business simply as EAH Housing.

Nonprofit corporation
A nonprofit corporation is any legal entity which has been incorporated under the law of its jurisdiction for purposes other than making profits for its owners or shareholders. Depending on the laws of the jurisdiction, a nonprofit corporation may seek official recognition as such, and may be taxed differently from for-profit corporations, and treated differently in other ways.
Data Sitchinava
Data Sitchinava (Georgian: დათა სიჭინავა; born 21 March 1989) is a Georgian professional footballer who currently plays as a midfielder for Liga 3 club Guria.

Born in the city of Poti, Sitchinava has spent eight seasons at his hometown club and twice, in 2010 and 2023, played a key role in their promotion to the top division. Apart from being named as Footballer of the Year in the second division, he is the two-time champion of the Erovnuli Liga 2.

Poti
Poti (Georgian: ფოთი [pʰo̞t̪ʰi]; Mingrelian: ფუთი, puti; Laz: ჶაში/Faşi or ფაში/Paşi) is a port city in Georgia, located on the eastern Black Sea coast in the region of Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti in the west of the country. Built near the site of the ancient Greek colony of Phasis and deriving its name from the same, the city has become a major port city and industrial center since the early 20th century. It is also home to a main naval base and the headquarters of the Georgian Navy.
Cartesian theater
The Cartesian theater is a term coined by philosopher and cognitive scientist Daniel Dennett to critique a persistent flaw in theories of mind, introduced in his 1991 book Consciousness Explained.

It mockingly describes the idea of consciousness as a centralized "stage" in the brain where perceptions are presented to an internal observer. Dennett ties this to Cartesian materialism, which he considers to be the often unacknowledged residue of René Descartes's dualism in modern materialist views. This model implies an infinite regress, as each observer would require another to perceive it, a problem Dennett argues misrepresents how consciousness actually emerges.

The phrase echoes earlier skepticism from Dennett’s teacher, Gilbert Ryle, who in The Concept of Mind (1949) similarly derided Cartesian dualism’s depiction of the mind as a "private theater" or "second theater."

Gilbert Ryle
Gilbert Ryle (19 August 1900 – 6 October 1976) was a British philosopher, principally known for his critique of Cartesian dualism, for which he coined the phrase "ghost in the machine". Some of Ryle's ideas in philosophy of mind have been called behaviourist. In his best-known book, The Concept of Mind (1949), he writes that the "general trend of this book will undoubtedly, and harmlessly, be stigmatised as 'behaviourist'." Having studied the philosophers Bernard Bolzano, Franz Brentano, Alexius Meinong, Edmund Husserl, and Martin Heidegger, Ryle suggested that the book instead "could be described as a sustained essay in phenomenology, if you are at home with that label."