hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Husky Energy
Husky Energy Inc. was a Canadian petroleum company that existed from 1938 to 2021. It operated in Western and Atlantic Canada, the United States and the Asia Pacific region, with upstream and downstream business segments. In the 2020 Forbes Global 2000, Husky Energy was ranked as the 1443rd-largest public company in the world.

In January 2021, Husky was acquired by Cenovus Energy. Its retail operations were sold to Federated Co-operatives and Parkland Corporation later that year.

Lloydminster
Lloydminster is a city in Canada which has the unusual geographic distinction of straddling the provincial border between Alberta and Saskatchewan. The city is incorporated by both provinces as a single city with a single municipal administration.
Santiago Papasquiaro Municipality
Santiago Papasquiaro is a municipality in the Mexican state of Durango. The municipal seat lies in Santiago Papasquiaro. The municipality covers an area of 7,238.4 km2. Santiago Papasquiaro municipality is at an average height of 1,730 m (5,675 ft) above the sea level. The municipality lies east of the Sierra Madre Occidental Mountain Range. It neighbors the municipalities of  Canelas and Tepehuanes to the north, San Dimas and Otáez to the south, Nuevo Ideal to the east, Tamazula to the west and El Oro to the northeast.

As of 2020, the municipality had a total population of 49,207, up from 41,539 as of 2005.

As of 2020, the city of Santiago Papasquiaro had a population of 30,063. Other than the city of Santiago Papasquiaro, the municipality had 416 localities, the largest of which (with 2010 populations in parentheses) were: Ciénega de Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe (2,532), and José María Morelos (Chinacates) (1,521), classified as rural.

Tamazula Municipality
Tamazula   is a municipality in the Mexican state of Durango. The municipal seat lies at Tamazula de Victoria. The municipality covers an area of 5188.1 km2.

As of 2020, the municipality had a total population of 26,300. A .26% drop from 2010.

The municipality had 865 localities, the largest of which (with 2010 populations in parentheses) were: Tamazula de Victoria (2,337), classified as urban, and El Durazno (1,044), classified as rural.
Stilpnopappus
Stilpnopappus is a genus of Brazilian plants in the tribe Vernonieae within the family Asteraceae.

Species

formerly included

see Caatinganthus, Xiphochaeta

Stilpnopappus aquaticus - Xiphochaeta aquatica

Stilpnopappus rubropappus - Caatinganthus rubropappus

Stilpnopappus viridis -  Xiphochaeta aquatica

Vernonieae
Vernonieae is a tribe of about 1300 species of plants in the aster family.  They are mostly found in the tropics and warmer temperate areas, both in the Americas and the Old World. They are mostly herbaceous plants or shrubs, although there is at least one tree species, Strobocalyx arborea.
20 Aquarii
20 Aquarii, abbreviated 20 Aqr, is a star in the constellation Aquarius. 20 Aquarii is the Flamsteed designation. It is a dim star with an apparent visual magnitude of 6.38. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 15.34 mas, it is located 213 light years away but is moving closer to the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of −23 km/s. The star is predicted to come to within 110 light-years in around 1.9 million years.

This is an F-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of F0 V. (Cowley and Fraquelli [1974] had given it a class of F0 III.) It is a suspected chemically peculiar Am star showing metallic lines. It is 761 million years old with a high projected rotational velocity of 92 km/s. The star has 1.52 times the mass of the Sun and is radiating 9 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of about 7,314 K.

Flamsteed designation
A Flamsteed designation is a combination of a number and constellation name that uniquely identifies most naked eye stars in the modern constellations visible from southern England. They are named after John Flamsteed, author of the Historia Coelestis Britannica, the first major star catalogue compiled with the aid of a telescope. Flamsteed’s own catalogue did not include what are now known as Flamsteed numbers, but its listing of stars in each constellation provided the basis for later astronomers to add them.
Roger Margerum
Roger Williams Margerum, FAIA (May 14, 1930 – June 21, 2016), was an African-American architect, known for pioneering modernist design. He primarily worked in Detroit, and his early work was in Chicago. Margerum had his own architecture firm, and was also associated with the firms Skidmore, Owings & Merrill; Holabird & Root; and Smith, Hyncham & Grylls. He was known for his prototype of an affordable home; a movable structure, built at a 45-degree angle.

SmithGroup
SmithGroup is an international architectural, engineering and planning firm. Established in 1853 by architect Sheldon Smith, SmithGroup is the longest continually operating architecture and engineering firm in the United States that is not a wholly owned subsidiary. The firm's name was changed to Field, Hinchman & Smith in 1903, and it was renamed Smith, Hinchman & Grylls in 1907. In 2000, the firm changed its name to SmithGroup. In 2011, the firm incorporated its sister firm, JJR, into its name, becoming SmithGroupJJR. As of August 1, 2018, the firm changed its name back to SmithGroup.
Data scrubbing
Data scrubbing is an error correction technique that uses a background task to periodically inspect main memory or storage for errors, then corrects detected errors using redundant data in the form of different checksums or copies of data. Data scrubbing reduces the likelihood that single correctable errors will accumulate, leading to reduced risks of uncorrectable errors.

Data integrity is a high-priority concern in writing, reading, storage, transmission, or processing of data in computer operating systems and in computer storage and data transmission systems. However, only a few of the currently existing and used file systems provide sufficient protection against data corruption.

To address this issue, data scrubbing provides routine checks of all inconsistencies in data and, in general, prevention of hardware or software failure. This "scrubbing" feature occurs commonly in memory, disk arrays, file systems, or FPGAs as a mechanism of error detection and correction.

Data degradation
Data degradation is the gradual corruption of computer data due to an accumulation of non-critical failures in a data storage device. It is also referred to as data decay, data rot, digital decay, or bit rot. This results in a decline in data quality over time, even when the data is not being utilized.
Phosphate mining in the United States
In 2015, 27.6 million metric tons of marketable phosphate rock, or phosphorite, was mined in the United States, making the US the world's third-largest producer, after China and Morocco. The phosphate mining industry employed 2,200 people. The value of phosphate rock mined was US$2.2 billion.

As of 2015, there are 10 active phosphate mines in four states: Florida, North Carolina, Idaho, and Utah. The eastern phosphate deposits are mined from open pits. The western deposits are mined from both surface and underground mines.

The exact phosphate content of the phosphate rock mined in 2015 is not available, but in the latest five-year period for which ore grades are available, 2009-2013, the grade of US phosphate rock varied from 28.5 to 29.0 percent P2O5.

As of 2016, remaining reserves of phosphate rock in the United States totaled 1.1 billion metric tons.

Hamilton County, Florida
Hamilton County is a county located in the north central portion of the U.S. state of Florida. As of the 2020 census, the population was 14,004, down from 14,799 at the 2010 census. Its county seat is Jasper.
Armenians in Italy
Armenians in Italy (Armenian: Հայերն Իտալիայում;  Italian: Armeni in Italia) covers the Armenians who live in Italy. There are currently 2,500-3,500 Armenians in Italy mainly residing in Milan, Rome and Venice; another main centre of Armenian culture and history is Padua.

Besides the general population, there are monastic communities on the island of San Lazzaro degli Armeni (Venice) as well as Armenian clergy at the Holy See (Vatican).

Ca' Zenobio degli Armeni
The Ca' Zenobio degli Armeni (Palazzo Zenobio, Ca' Zenobio) is a three-story Baroque-style palace structure in the sestiere of Dorsoduro, in Venice, Italy. The nearby bridge, Ponte del Soccorso, connects it to the Palazzo Ariani.
Logroan
Logroan is a village in western Ivory Coast. It is in the sub-prefecture of Guessabo, Zoukougbeu Department, Haut-Sassandra Region, Sassandra-Marahoué District.

Logroan was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1,126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

Guessabo
Guessabo is a town in west-central Ivory Coast. It is a sub-prefecture of Zoukougbeu Department in Haut-Sassandra Region, Sassandra-Marahoué District. It is three kilometres east of the border of Montagnes District.

Guessabo was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1,126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

In 2014, the population of the sub-prefecture of Guessabo was 36,302.
The Russian Campaign
The Russian Campaign is a strategic board wargame published by Jedko Games in 1974 that simulates combat on the Eastern Front during World War II. Avalon Hill bought the game in 1977 and produced several editions.

The unit scale is German Corps and Soviet Armies and roughly covers the Berlin to Gorki region (west to east) and Arkhangelsk to Grozny (north to south). A full campaign game covers the June 1941 to June 1945 period but numerous shorter scenarios are commonly played.

The system features a double-impulse movement system that simulates the German armored blitzkrieg into Western Russia, with mass breakthroughs and encirclements. The rules cover unit production with Russian "worker units" (which simulate both factories and fortifications in key cities), "Stuka" units representing German air strikes, partisans, rail movement, and weather rules. There are also several smaller scenarios detailing key periods during the campaign.

Simulations Publications, Inc.
Simulations Publications, Inc. (SPI) was an American publisher of board wargames and related magazines, particularly its flagship Strategy & Tactics, in the 1970s and early 1980s. It produced an enormous number of games and introduced innovative practices, changing the course of the wargaming hobby in its bid to take control of the hobby away from then-dominant Avalon Hill. SPI ran out of cash in early 1982 when TSR called in a loan secured by SPI's assets. TSR began selling SPI's inventory in 1982, but later acquired the company's trademarks and copyrights in 1983 and continued a form of the operation until 1987.
Electrische Museumtramlijn Amsterdam
Amsterdam tram line 30 (Tramlijn 30) is a museum tram line in Amsterdam serving the following stations: Haarlemmermeer Station– Jollenpad – Kalfjeslaan– Amstelveen Station – Bovenkerk Station.

The Electric Tramway Museum Amsterdam (Electrische Museumtramlijn Amsterdam, EMA) is a local railway, which operates historic electric trams between the Haarlemmermeer station, Amstelveen and Bovenkerk. This is the last remaining part of the former Haarlemmermeer railway lines. The Haarlemmermeer station is a national monument. From 26 May 2020, the local railway line on the municipal monument list of Amstelveen, the Amstelveen Station and the houses along the line were already on the Amstelveen monument list.

Amstelveen
Amstelveen (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌɑmstəlˈveːn] ⓘ) is a municipality and city in the province of North Holland, Netherlands, with a population of 95,996 as of 2024. It is a suburban part of the Amsterdam metropolitan area.

The municipality of Amstelveen consists of the historical villages of Bovenkerk and Nes aan de Amstel.  In addition, as well as Downtown Amstelveen (Dutch: Amstelveen stadshart), it contains the following neighbourhoods: Westwijk, Bankras-Kostverloren, Groenelaan, Waardhuizen, Middenhoven, Randwijk, Elsrijk and Keizer Karelpark. The name Amstelveen comes from the Amstel, a local river (as does the name Amsterdam) and veen, meaning fen, peat, or moor. Amstelveen houses the international headquarters of Dutch national airline KLM (although it is slated to leave for Schiphol  in the future, plans to move have been delayed due to covid and high costs) and KPMG, one of the Big Four accounting firms. The Cobra Museum is also located in Amstelveen.
Legislative Assembly of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast
The Legislative Assembly of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast (Russian: Законодательное собрание Еврейской автономной области; Yiddish: ‏לעגיסלאַטיווע אַסעמבלי פון די אידישע אַוטאָנאָמאָוס קאנט) is the regional parliament of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast, a federal subject of Russia. A total of 19 deputies are elected for five-year terms.

Regional parliaments of Russia
The regional parliaments of Russia are the regional legislatures in the federal subjects of Russia (republics, krais, oblasts, autonomous oblasts and federal cities), which have different names but are often collectively referred to as regional parliaments.

The federal structure of Russia includes 85 regional parliaments. The largest regional parliament is the State Assembly of the Republic of Bashkortostan, which consists of 110 deputies, while the smallest one is the Duma of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, which consists of 15 deputies. Currently, deputies in the regional parliaments are elected for five-year terms.
Gmina Bełżec
Gmina Bełżec is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Tomaszów Lubelski County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. Its seat is the village of Bełżec, which lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) south of Tomaszów Lubelski and 114 km (71 mi) south-east of the regional capital Lublin.

The gmina covers an area of 33.52 square kilometres (12.9 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 2,999 (3,435 in 2013).

Tomaszów County, Lublin Voivodeship
Tomaszów County (Polish: powiat tomaszowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lublin Voivodeship, eastern Poland, on the border with Ukraine. It was established on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Tomaszów Lubelski, which lies 107 kilometres (66 mi) south-east of the regional capital Lublin. The only other towns in the county are Tyszowce, lying 28 km (17 mi) north-east of Tomaszów, and Łaszczów, lying 25 km (16 mi) east of Tomaszów.

The county covers an area of 1,487.1 square kilometres (574.2 sq mi). As of 2019, its total population was 80,701, including a population of 19,050 in Tomaszów Lubelski, 2,112 in Tyszowce, 2,139 in Łaszczów, and a rural population of 57,400.
Brushtail possum
The brushtail possums are the members of the genus Trichosurus in the Phalangeridae, a family of marsupials. They are native to Australia (including Tasmania) and some small nearby islands. Unique among marsupials, they have shifted the hypaxial muscles from the epipubic to the pelvis, much like in placental mammals, meaning that their breathing cycle is more similar to the latter than to that of other non-eutherian mammals. In general, they are more terrestrially oriented than other possums, and in some ways might parallel primates.

The genus contains these species:

Northern brushtail possum, T. arnhemensis

Short-eared possum, T. caninus

Mountain brushtail possum, T. cunninghami

Coppery brushtail possum, T. johnstonii

Common brushtail possum, T. vulpecula

Coppery brushtail possum
The coppery brushtail possum (Trichosurus johnstonii) is a species of marsupial possum in the family Phalangeridae. Coppery brushtails are found within the Atherton Tablelands area of Queensland, in northeastern Australia. These mammals inhabit rainforest ecosystems, living within the tree canopy. Though they have a restricted distribution, they are locally common. This population is often considered a subspecies of T. vulpecula.
Biratnagar Jute Mill Strike
The Biratnagar Jute Mill Strike (Majdur Hartal) of March 1947 was a labor strike in Biratnagar, Nepal, by workers and laborers of Biratnagar Jute Mill, Ltd. The strike was initially part of a dispute between mill workers and management regarding labor rights, but gradually the strike grew into a nationwide anti-regime movement.

Rana dynasty
The Rana dynasty (Nepali: राणा वंश, romanized: Rāṇā vaṃśa, Sanskrit: [raːɳaː ʋɐ̃ɕɐ], Nepali: [raɳa bʌŋsʌ]) was a Chhetri dynasty that imposed authoritarianism in the Kingdom of Nepal from 1846 until 1951, reducing the Shah monarch to a figurehead, and making the Prime Minister and other government positions held by the Ranas hereditary. The Rana dynasty is historically known for their iron-fisted rule in Nepal. This changed after the Revolution of 1951 with the promulgation of a new constitution, when power shifted back to the monarchy of King Tribhuvan.

The Rana dynasty were descended from the Kunwar family, a nobility of the Gorkha Kingdom. Due to their marital lineages with the politically reigning Thapa dynasty (of Mukhtiyar Bhimsen Thapa) from the early 19th century, the Ranas gained entry to central Darbar politics. The Ranas were also linked to a minor faction of the Pande dynasty of Gorkha through the Thapa dynasty.
Henry Menut
Henry Menut (August 15, 1784 – 1838 or later) was a political figure in Lower Canada. He represented Drummond in the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada from 1836 until the suspension of the constitution in 1838.

He was born in Quebec City, the son of Alexandre Menut, a native of France, and Marie de Land. In 1818, he married Mabel Root. Menut was elected to the assembly in an 1836 by-election held after a second seat was added to Drummond.

Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada
The Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada was the lower house of the bicameral structure of provincial government in Lower Canada until 1838. The legislative assembly was created by the Constitutional Act of 1791. The lower house consisted of elected legislative councilors who created bills to be passed up to the Legislative Council of Lower Canada, whose members were appointed by the governor general.

Following the Lower Canada Rebellion, the lower house was dissolved on March 27, 1838, and Lower Canada was administered by an appointed Special Council. With the Act of Union in 1840, a new lower chamber, the Legislative Assembly of Canada, was created for both Upper and Lower Canada which existed  until 1867, when the Legislative Assembly of Quebec was created.
Mohan Lal Kashmiri
Mohan Lal Zutshi KLS (popularly known as Mohan Lal Kashmiri; 1812 – 1877) was an Indian traveler, diplomat, and author. He is credited as being an important player in the so-called Great Game—possibly the first notable Indian one. He also played a central role in the First Anglo-Afghan War of 1838–1842. His biography of Dost Mohammad Khan, the Emir of Afghanistan in Kabul, is a primary source on the war.

Mohan Lal's wife, Hyderi Begum, was a Muslim scholar. During the Indian Rebellion of 1857, she was said to have maintained a diary of events in Delhi.

Hari Ram Gupta
Hari Ram Gupta (5 February 1902 – 28 March 1992) was an Indian historian. The main focus of his work was the Sikh history of 18th century. During 1957 to 1963, he was head of Panjab University's History department. Following his retirement, he was an honorary professor in the History department of University of Delhi from 1964 to 1967.
Luke 22
Luke 22 is the twenty-second chapter of the Gospel of Luke in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It commences in the days just before the Passover or Feast of Unleavened Bread, and records the plot to kill Jesus Christ; the institution of the Lord's Supper; the arrest of Jesus; and his trial before the Sanhedrin.

The book containing this chapter is anonymous, but early Christian tradition generally considers that Luke the Evangelist composed this Gospel as well as the Acts of the Apostles. This chapter initiates this gospel's passion narrative, which continues into chapter 23: while the apocalyptic discourse in Luke 21 "bases all its thought upon the reality of the Kingdom", it also "leads directly into the passion narrative, [which] shows how it was established".

Luke 21
Luke 21 is the twenty-first chapter of the Gospel of Luke in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It records the observations and predictions of Jesus Christ delivered in the temple in Jerusalem, and his exhortation "to be watchful". The book containing this chapter is anonymous, but early Christian tradition uniformly affirmed that Luke the Evangelist composed this Gospel as well as the Acts of the Apostles.
1944 Peruvian Segunda División
The 1944 Peruvian Segunda División, the second division of Peruvian football (soccer), was played by 5 teams. The tournament winner, Ciclista Lima was promoted to the Promotional Playoff. Atlético Lusitania was promoted to the 1945 Peruvian Segunda División.

1945 Peruvian Segunda División
The 1945 Peruvian Segunda División, the second division of Peruvian football (soccer), was played by 6 teams. The tournament winner, Santiago Barranco was promoted to the Promotional Playoff. Association Chorrillos and Unión Callao was promoted to the 1946 Peruvian Segunda División.
BlueKai
Oracle BlueKai Data Management Platform, formerly known as BlueKai, is a cloud-based data management platform which is a part of Oracle Marketing that enables the personalization of online, offline, and mobile marketing campaigns.

Oracle Corporation
Oracle Corporation is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Austin, Texas. Co-founded in Santa Clara, California by Bob Miner, Ed Oates, and current chairman of the board and chief technology officer, Larry Ellison in 1977, Oracle is among the 20 largest companies in the world by market cap, and ranked 66th on the Forbes Global 2000 as of 2025.

The company sells database software (particularly the Oracle Database), enterprise applications, and cloud infrastructure and hardware. Oracle's core application software is a suite of enterprise software products, including enterprise resource planning (ERP), human capital management (HCM), customer relationship management (CRM), enterprise performance management (EPM), Customer Experience Commerce (CX Commerce) and supply chain management (SCM) software.
Government of Minneapolis
Minneapolis, the largest city in Minnesota, United States, and the county seat of Hennepin County, operates under a Mayor–council government system. This article provides an overview of the structure and functions of Minneapolis's city government.

Hennepin County, Minnesota
Hennepin County (/ˈhɛnəpɪn/ HEN-ə-pin) is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,281,565, and was estimated to be 1,273,334 in 2024, making it the most populous county in Minnesota and the 34th-most populous county in the United States. Its county seat is Minneapolis, the most populous city in Minnesota and the 46th-most populous city in the United States. The county is named for the 17th-century explorer Louis Hennepin. It extends from Minneapolis to the suburbs and outlying cities in the western part of the county. Its natural areas are covered by extensive woods, hills, and lakes. It contains over 21.98% of the state's population. It is included in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul–Bloomington metropolitan statistical area.