hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Convective momentum transport
Convective momentum transport usually describes a vertical flux of the momentum of horizontal winds or currents. That momentum is carried like a non-conserved flow tracer by vertical air motions in convection.

In the atmosphere, convective momentum transport by small but vigorous (cumulus type) cloudy updrafts can be understood as an interplay of three main mechanisms:

Vertical advection of ambient momentum due to subsidence of environmental air that compensates the in-cloud upward mass flux,

Detrainment of in-cloud momentum where updrafts stop ascending,

Accelerations by the pressure gradient force around clouds whose inner momentum differs from their environment.

The net effect of these interacting mechanisms depends on the detailed configuration or 'organization' of the convective cloud or storm system.

Subsidence (atmosphere)
In meteorology, subsidence is the downward movement of an air parcel as it cools and becomes denser. By contrast, warm air becomes less dense and moves upwards (atmospheric convection).

Atmospheric subsidence generally creates a high-pressure area as more air moves into the same space: the polar highs are areas of almost constant subsidence, as are the horse latitudes, and the areas of subsidence are the sources of much of the prevailing winds in the Earth's atmosphere.

Subsidence also causes many smaller-scale weather phenomena, such as morning fog; on the other hand, its absence may cause air stagnation. An extreme form of subsidence is a downburst, which can result in damage similar to that produced by a tornado. A milder form of subsidence is referred to as downdraft.
Place Jean-Paul Riopelle
Place Jean-Paul-Riopelle is a public square located in the Quartier international of Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

The square is bordered to the south by Saint Antoine Street West and the 27-storey château-style InterContinental Hotel, to the east is Bleury Street and the Palais des congrès de Montréal, to the west is the CDP Capital Centre and to the north is Viger Avenue West.

Hochelaga-Maisonneuve
Hochelaga-Maisonneuve (French pronunciation: [ɔʃlaɡa mɛzɔ̃nœv]) is a neighbourhood in Montreal, Canada, situated in the east end of the island, generally to the south of the city's Olympic Stadium and east of downtown.

Historically a poor neighbourhood, it has experienced significant change and gentrification in recent years.
Bäckaby Old Church
Bäckaby Old Church (Swedish: Bäckaby gamla kyrka) was a wooden church building in Sweden. The oldest pieces were dated back to the 1320s. The old wooden church was originally in Bäckaby outside Vetlanda before being purchased by a private person and moved to the town park in Jönköping where it was reopened on 31 August 1902. Back in Bäckaby, Bäckaby Old Church had been replaced by the newer Bäckaby Church in 1899.

In the evening of 28 April 2000, the church was completely destroyed by a fire, which soon appeared to be an act of arson. Local press brought major attention to the fire when it appeared to be connected to satanism and modern Paganism. Many people missed the church, which had been a popular place for weddings and baptism.

In 2003 a memorial site was opened.

Bäckaby
Bäckaby is a small village south of Vetlanda in the southern Swedish province of Småland. Bäckaby has a stone church, a kindergarten, a summer café and a small hostel called Plymska Huset. Bäckaby's old church was a wooden church which was moved to Jönköping in 1902. Its oldest parts were from the 14th century. The church was burnt to the ground in 2000.
Minsk World
Minsk World (Chinese: 明思克航母世界; pinyin: Míngsīkè Hángmǔ Shìjiè) was a military theme park located in Dapeng Bay, Shatoujiao, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China. It included the former Soviet (later Russian) aircraft carrier Minsk, redesigned as a tourist attraction. The theme park opened on 10 May 2000. As of 2005, it had attracted more than five million visitors and generated 450 million yuan in revenue. The park closed in February 2016 and the aircraft carrier was moved to Zhoushan for repairs, after which it would be moved to another theme park in Nantong, Jiangsu.

Mirs Bay
Mirs Bay (also known as Tai Pang Wan, Dapeng Wan, Dapeng Bay or Mers Bay; traditional Chinese: 大鵬灣; simplified Chinese: 大鹏湾) is a bay in the northeast of Kat O and Sai Kung Peninsula of Hong Kong. The north and east shores are surrounded by Yantian and Dapeng New District of Shenzhen. Ping Chau stands in the midst of the bay.
Vittorio Cavalleri
Vittorio Cavalleri or Cavalieri (16 February 1860 – 1938) was an Italian painter. He mainly painted outdoor genre scenes.

Cavalleri was born in Turin. In 1878, he enrolled in the Accademia Albertina, where he studied under Enrico Gamba, Andrea Gastaldi, and Pier Celestino Gilardi. In 1884, he exhibited in the Esposizione Generale of Turin. In 1885, he exhibited the work Le zappe abbandonate at the Promotrice. He tended to paint refined genre pieces.

He was influenced by Divisionism and the style of Telemaco Signorini. He studied and later taught at the Accademia Albertina. He painted with Anselmo Sacerdote, Giovanni Colmo, and Carlo Pollonera in the so-called School of Rivara.

Among his pupils was Mario Gachet.

Divisionism
Divisionism, also called chromoluminarism, is the characteristic style in Neo-Impressionist painting defined by the separation of colors into individual dots or patches that interact optically.

By requiring the viewer to combine the colors optically instead of physically mixing pigments, Divisionists believed that they were achieving the maximum luminosity scientifically possible. Georges Seurat founded the style around 1884 as chromoluminarism, drawing from his understanding of the scientific theories of Michel Eugène Chevreul, Ogden Rood and Charles Blanc, among others. Divisionism developed along with another style, Pointillism, which is defined specifically by the use of dots of paint and does not necessarily focus on the separation of colors.
Yellowstone Lake State Park
Yellowstone Lake State Park is a state park in Lafayette County, Wisconsin, United States. The park surrounds the 455-acre (184 ha) Yellowstone Lake, a reservoir along the Yellowstone River. It is included in the 4,047-acre (1,638 ha) Yellowstone Wildlife Area.

The park has 128 campsites and 5 group sites. There is a swimming area with sand beach, picnic areas, playgrounds, and a boat launch. Boating and fisghing, particularly for bluegill, largemouth bass, walleye and channel catfish is popular, with some northern pike and muskellunge. The adjacent 4,000-acre wildlife area offers extensive horse trails and a shooting range.

The man-made lake is sustained by the Yellowstone River, a tributary of the Pecatonica River which enters on the northwest side, and the man-made dike built on the southeast side. The dam at the southern end of the dike is crossed by a narrow, steel catwalk, from which fishing is not allowed.

Lafayette County, Wisconsin
Lafayette County, sometimes spelled La Fayette County, is a county located in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. It was part of the Wisconsin Territory at the time of its founding. As of the 2020 census, the population was 16,611. Its county seat is Darlington. The county was named in honor of the Marquis de Lafayette, the French general who rendered assistance to the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War. The county is considered a high-farming concentration county by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, meaning at least 20 percent of its earnings came from agriculture.

The courthouse scenes from the 2009 film Public Enemies were filmed at the Lafayette County Courthouse in Darlington.
Hotel Unique
The Hotel Unique is a hotel located in the district of Jardins in the  Brazilian city of São Paulo, established in 2002. The  25 metres (82 ft) tall building, designed by architect Ruy Ohtake, was projected in the shape of a 100 metres (330 ft) inverted arc, taking advantage of the district's zoning limit of seven-story buildings.  Its shape is compared to a boat or a watermelon.

The hotel houses 95 apartments, 10 of which are suites, and on its terrace is the restaurant Skye.

Jardins
Jardins (Portuguese for Gardens) is the name given to an upper-class region of São Paulo city, which includes the neighbourhoods all comprised within the Subprefecture of Pinheiros:

Jardim Paulista - in the Jardim Paulista district

Jardim América - in the Jardim Paulista district

Jardim Europa - in the Pinheiros district

Jardim Paulistano - in the Pinheiros district

Additionally, certain sections of Cerqueira César, located in the south area of Avenida Paulista are also considered as an integral part of the Jardins region.

Jardins is limited by the following roads:  Rebouças Avenue, River Pinheiros Marginal Avenue, Brigadeiro Luís Antônio Avenue and Paulista Avenue. It is considered one of the noblest areas of São Paulo.

Jardins is home to many museums, such as the São Paulo Museum of Image and Sound, the Ema Gordon Klabin Cultural Foundation, the Museum of the Brazilian House and the Brazilian Museum of Sculpture.
Ruth Hernández Martínez
Ruth Trinidad Hernández Martínez (born 17 June 1962) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the National Action Party. She served as Deputy of the LIX Legislature of the Mexican Congress as a plurinominal representative.

LIX Legislature of the Mexican Congress
The LIX Legislature (59th session) of the Congress of Mexico met from September 2003 to August 2006. All members of the lower house (Chamber of Deputies) were elected in the elections of July 2003 while members of the upper house (Senate) were elected in the elections of July 2000.
Islamic Awareness Center
The Islamic Awareness Center, also known as Masjid Al-Tawheed (Arabic: مسجد التوحيد), is a mosque and Dawah institution for the purpose of Islamic propagation in Binghamton, New York. Since 2011, the Islamic Awareness Center has been located in the historic former building of the Episcopal Church of the Good Shepherd. In 2010, after the Good Shepherd congregation left the Episcopal Church as part of the Anglican realignment and lost a lawsuit to keep its property, the Episcopal Diocese of Central New York controversially sold the building for far less than its appraised value to the Islamic Awareness Center rather than to the departing Anglican congregation.

Episcopal Diocese of Central New York
The Episcopal Diocese of Central New York is a diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America that comprises 14 counties in Central New York. It is one of ten dioceses, plus the Convocation of Episcopal Churches in Europe, that make up Province 2 of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America.

The diocesan bishop is DeDe Duncan-Probe, eleventh bishop of Central New York, and the diocese's first female bishop. Youth ministry includes C.A.R.E. which makes mission trips.

The diocese has also facilitated Mission of Miracles, an annual volunteer medical mission trip to the Diocese of El Salvador, with which the diocese has a long-standing companion relationship.

The diocese reported 21,000 members in 2003 and 8,534 members in 2023; no membership statistics were reported in 2024 national parochial reports. Plate and pledge income for the 78 filing congregations of the diocese in 2024 was $6,806,763. Average Sunday attendance (ASA) was 2,377 persons.
Panadura Electoral District
Panadura electoral district was an electoral district of Sri Lanka between August 1947 and February 1989. The district was named after the town of Panadura in Kalutara District, Western Province. The 1978 Constitution of Sri Lanka introduced the proportional representation electoral system for electing members of Parliament. The existing 160 mainly single-member electoral districts were replaced with 22 multi-member electoral districts. Panadura electoral district was replaced by the Kalutara multi-member electoral district at the 1989 general elections, the first under the PR system, though Panadura continues to be a polling division of the multi-member electoral district.

Kalutara District
Kalutara District (Sinhala: කළුතර දිස්ත්‍රික්කය; Tamil: களுத்துறை மாவட்டம் Kaḷuttuṟai Māvaṭṭam) is one of the 25 districts of Sri Lanka, the second level administrative division of the country. The district is administered by a District Secretariat headed by a District Secretary (previously known as a Government Agent) appointed by the central government of Sri Lanka. The capital of the district is the city of Kalutara
.
NGC 4790
NGC 4790 is a barred spiral galaxy located in the constellation of Virgo. Its velocity with respect to the cosmic microwave background is 1679 ± 24 km/s, which corresponds to a Hubble distance of 80.8 ± 5.8 Mly (24.76 ± 1.77 Mpc) away from the Solar System. In addition, six non-redshift measurements give a distance of 74.75 ± 4.07 Mly (22.917 ± 1.249 Mpc). NGC 4790 was discovered on 25 March 1786 by German-British astronomer William Herschel.

NGC 4790 is a member of the NGC 4699 Group (also known as LGG 307) of galaxies, which is a member of the Virgo II Groups, a series of galaxies and galaxy clusters strung out from the southern edge of the Virgo Supercluster.

One supernova has been observed in NGC 4790. SN 2012au (type Ib, mag. 13.8) was discovered by the Catalina Sky Survey on 14 March 2012. This supernova later produced evidence of a pulsar wind nebula which appears to be expanding outward at approximately 2300 km/s.

Catalina Sky Survey
Catalina Sky Survey (CSS; obs. codes: 703 and G96) is an astronomical survey to discover comets and asteroids. It is conducted at the Steward Observatory's Catalina Station, located near Tucson, Arizona, in the United States.

CSS focuses on the search for near-Earth objects, in particular on any potentially hazardous asteroid that may pose a threat of impact. Its counterpart in the southern hemisphere was the Siding Spring Survey (SSS), closed in 2013 due to loss of funding. CSS supersedes the photographic Bigelow Sky Survey.
Alexander Del Giorno
Alexander Del Giorno (February 28, 1900 – November 19, 1983) was an American politician who served in the New York State Assembly from 1945 to 1952.

DelGiorno was born in Italy in 1900 and immigrated to America in 1913. He graduated from Columbia University and received a law degree from Fordham University in 1924.

He served as a state assemblyman from 1945 to 1952.

In 1952, he was appointed a magistrate judge by Mayor Vincent R. Impellitteri.

In 1957, Governor Thomas E. Dewey appointed Del Giorno to the New York Court of Claims, where he served until 1974. In 1977, he served on the New York City Districting Commission to redraw the districts for the New York City Council.

Vincent R. Impellitteri
Vincent Richard Impellitteri (born Vincenzo Impellitteri; February 4, 1900 – January 29, 1987) was an Italian-American politician and judge who served as the 102nd Mayor of New York City from 1950 to 1953. He was elected as a Democrat and president of the City Council in 1945 and reelected in 1949. When Mayor William O'Dwyer resigned in 1950, he became acting mayor. In the special election that year, party bosses denied him the Democratic nomination for the rest of the term but was subsequently elected mayor on a new ticket, the "Experience Party". He lost the Democratic primary when he ran for a full term in 1953 and became a judge in 1954.
Per Eriksson (professor)
Per Filip Billy Eriksson (born 1949 in Sölvesborg, Sweden) is a Swedish scientist and professor in signal processing. He served as rector of Lund University from 2009 to 2014, as rector of Blekinge Institute of Technology from 1989 to 2000 and director-general at Vinnova from 2001 to 2008. His membership in the Baptist Hyllie Park Church was once the subject of a heated controversy regarding his appointment as rector of Lund University.

Vinnova
Vinnova (Verket för innovationssystem), or the Swedish Agency for Innovation Systems, is the Swedish government agency that administers state funding for research and development. The agency's mission as defined by the government is to promote development of efficient and innovative Swedish systems within the areas of technology, transportation, communication and labour.

The agency does this by giving financial aid to companies for research, development and legal costs.
Horizon 2020 | EU grant for research and innovation | Vinnova

The Director General of Vinnova since May 2018 is Darja Isaksson.
Achyra
Achyra (Greek: Αχυρά) is a village and a community in the Medeon municipal unit, Aetolia-Acarnania, Greece. It was originally situated on a mountain slope, 7 km west of Katouna, 13 km east of Palairos and 37 km northwest of Agrinio but at some point in the 20th century a landslide took away part of the village and it was subsequently moved to its present location on the outskirts of Katouna.

Aetolia-Acarnania
Aetolia-Acarnania (Greek: Αιτωλοακαρνανία, Aitoloakarnanía, Greek pronunciation: [etolo.akarnaˈni.a]) is one of the regional units of Greece. It is part of the geographic region of Central Greece and the administrative region of West Greece. A combination of the historical regions of Aetolia and Acarnania, it is the country's largest regional unit. Its capital is Missolonghi for historical reasons, with its biggest city and economic centre at Agrinio. The area is now connected with the Peloponnese peninsula via the Rio-Antirio Bridge. The surrounding regional units take in Arta in Epirus, a narrow length bordering Karditsa of Thessaly, Evrytania to the northeast, and Phocis to the east.
Harald Nielsen (boxer)
Harald Laderstoff Nielsen (23 February 1902 – 14 March 1983) was a Danish boxer who won a gold medal at the 1925 European Amateur Boxing Championships in the welterweight division. In 1924 Nielsen competed in the Summer Olympics. He was born and died in Copenhagen.

In 1924 he was eliminated in the first round of the welterweight class after losing his fight to Giuseppe Oldani. In 1925 he claimed the welterweight title at the 1925 European Amateur Boxing Championships by defeating Helge Ahlberg in the final.

Boxing at the 1924 Summer Olympics – Welterweight
The men's welterweight event was part of the boxing programme at the 1924 Summer Olympics. The weight class was the fourth-heaviest contested, and allowed boxers of up to 147 pounds (66.7 kilograms). The competition was held from Tuesday, July 15, 1924, to Sunday, July 20, 1924. 29 boxers from 19 nations competed. Giuseppe Oldani was disqualified in his round of 16 bout against Douglas Lewis by referee T. H. Walker for persistent holding. Oldani's supporters pelted Walker with sticks, coins and walking stick knobs. This went on for nearly an hour, until Walker was escorted from the arena under the protection of several British, American and South African boxers.
WRC: Rally Evolved
WRC: Rally Evolved (also known as WRC 5 and WRC 2005) is a 2005 racing video game developed by Evolution Studios and published by Sony Computer Entertainment for the PlayStation 2. It is the fifth video game to be officially licensed by the FIA World Rally Championship, while also the last to be released by Sony and exclusive to PlayStation consoles. The game is based on the 2005 WRC season.

Evolution Studios
Evolution Studios Ltd. was a British video game developer based in Runcorn, Cheshire. The company was founded in 1999 by Martin Kenwright and Ian Hetherington, following the purchase of their studio Digital Image Design's publisher Ocean Software by Infogrames. Kenwright then left Digital Image Design with six members of staff to form Evolution Studios.
Kari Kriikku
Kari Kriikku (born 1960) is a Finnish classical clarinetist.

Concentrating on  contemporary music, Kriikku has served as an interpreter of works for the clarinet by  composers such as Olli Koskelin, Vinko Globokar, Kaija Saariaho, Jukka Tiensuu, Jouni Kaipainen, Kimmo Hakola, Esa-Pekka Salonen, Pawel Szymanski, Eero Hämeenniemi, Magnus Lindberg, Michel van der Aa, and Usko Meriläinen.

Kaija Saariaho
Kaija Anneli Saariaho (Finnish: [ˈkɑi̯jɑ ˈsɑːriɑho]; née Laakkonen; 14 October 1952 – 2 June 2023) was a Finnish composer based in Paris, France. During the course of her career, Saariaho received commissions from the Lincoln Center for the Kronos Quartet and from IRCAM for the Ensemble Intercontemporain, the BBC, the New York Philharmonic, the Salzburg Music Festival, the Théâtre du Châtelet in Paris, and the Finnish National Opera, among others. In a 2019 composers' poll by BBC Music Magazine, Saariaho was ranked the greatest living composer.

Saariaho studied composition in Helsinki, Freiburg, and Paris, where she also lived since 1982. Her research at the Institute for Research and Coordination in Acoustics/Music (IRCAM) marked a turning point in her music away from strict serialism towards spectralism. Her characteristically rich, polyphonic textures are often created by combining live music and electronics.
Sebastian Horsley
Sebastian Horsley (born Marcus A. Horsley; 8 August 1962 – 17 June 2010) was an English artist and writer. Horsley's writing often revolved around his dysfunctional family, his flamboyant and eccentric behavior, his drug addictions, sex, and his reliance on prostitutes.

Dysfunctional family
A dysfunctional family is a family in which conflict, misbehavior and often child neglect or abuse on the part of individual parents occur continuously and regularly. Children that grow up in such families may think such a situation is normal. Dysfunctional families are primarily a result of two adults, one typically overtly abusive and the other codependent, and may also be affected by substance abuse or other forms of addiction, or often by an untreated mental illness. Parents having grown up in a dysfunctional family may over-correct or emulate their own parents. In some cases, the dominant parent will abuse or neglect their children and the other parent will not object, misleading a child to assume blame.
Stefan Crnojević
Stefan Crnojević (Serbian Cyrillic: Стефан Црнојевић), known as Stefanica (Стефаница; fl. 1426–1465) was the Lord of Zeta between 1451 and 1465. Until 1441, as a knyaz he was one of many governors in Upper Zeta, which at that time was a province of the Serbian Despotate. He then aligned himself with the Bosnian duke, Stefan Vukčić Kosača, and remained his vassal until 1444 when he accepted Venetian suzerainty. In Venetian–held Lezhë, on 2 March 1444, Stefan and his sons forged an alliance with several noblemen from Albania, led by Skanderbeg, known as the League of Lezhë. In 1448 he returned under suzerainty of Serbian Despot Đurađ Branković. In 1451, Stefan took over the leadership of the Crnojević family and became the ruler of a large part of Zeta, hence the title Gospodar Zetski (transl. Lord of Zeta).

Hospodar
Gospodar or hospodar, also gospodin as a diminutive, is a term of Slavic origin, meaning "lord" or "master". The compound (Belarusian: гаспадар, Bulgarian: господар, Macedonian: господар, Serbo-Croatian: gospodar, господар, Ukrainian: господар) is a derivative of gospod / gospodin, transl. (L)ord / gentleman or Sir, or when spelled with a capital G (Gospod / Gospodin) it translates as Lord for God.