hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ethidium homodimer assay
An ethidium homodimer assay can be used to detect dead or dying cells. Ethidium homodimer is a membrane-impermeable fluorescent dye which binds to DNA. After a cell sample has been stained with ethidium homodimer, the dead cells may be viewed and counted under a UV-light microscope.

When cells die, the plasma membranes of those cells becomes disrupted. Because of this, ethidium homodimer may enter those cells and bind to DNA within those cells. Because live cells don't have a compromised membrane, the ethidium homodimer can't enter.

One reason for doing an ethidium homodimer assay instead of using a TUNEL assay to measure cell death is that ethidium homodimer stains all of the dead or dying cells, while TUNEL only stains cells that have undergone programmed cell death.

Ethidium bromide
Ethidium bromide (or homidium bromide, chloride salt homidium chloride) is an intercalating agent commonly used as a fluorescent tag (nucleic acid stain) in molecular biology laboratories for techniques such as agarose gel electrophoresis. It is commonly abbreviated as EtBr, which is also an abbreviation for bromoethane.  To avoid confusion, some laboratories have used the abbreviation EthBr for this salt. When exposed to ultraviolet light, it will fluoresce with an orange colour, intensifying almost 20-fold after binding to DNA. Under the name homidium, it has been commonly used since the 1950s in veterinary medicine to treat trypanosomiasis in cattle.  The high incidence of antimicrobial resistance makes this treatment impractical in some areas, where the related isometamidium chloride is used instead. Despite its reputation as a mutagen, tests have shown it to have low mutagenicity without metabolic activation.
Bob Dillner
Bob Dillner (born November 29, 1969) is an American motorsports journalist and television broadcaster. Born in Huntington, New York, he owns and operates Speed51.com. He was also the creator of Trackside Long Island, which first aired in 1992. Afterward, he became a Speed Channel commentator. For 2016 he was a color analyst for Monster Jam on FS1. He currently resides in Boone, North Carolina. Previously he lived in Concord, North Carolina. He is currently a professor at Appalachian State University specializing in sports and news reporting. He has been the lead commentator for the SMART Modified Tour since 2023.

Huntington, New York
Huntington is one of ten towns in Suffolk County, New York, United States. The town's population was 204,127 at the time of the 2020 census, making it the 11th most populous city/town in the state.

Founded in 1653, the Town of Huntington is located on the North Shore of Long Island in northwestern Suffolk County, with the Long Island Sound to its north and Nassau County adjacent to the west. It is part of the New York metropolitan area.
John William Wadsworth
John William Wadsworth (1879–1955) was a British ceramicist.

After studying at the Royal College of Art, he began his career at the Mintons company in Stoke-on-Trent, where he collaborated closely with Léon-Victor Solon on Art Nouveau designs. These products were marketed as "secessionist ware" in a reference to the Vienna Secession art movement.

He emigrated to the United States in 1901.

He moved to the Royal Worcester Porcelain Company as Art Director in 1915.

He was the father of the potter Philip Wadsworth, born in Stoke-on-Trent in 1910.

Royal Worcester
Royal Worcester is a porcelain brand based in Worcester, England. It was established in 1751 and is believed to be the oldest or second oldest remaining English porcelain brand still in existence today, although this is disputed by Royal Crown Derby, which claims 1750 as its year of establishment. Part of the Portmeirion Group since 2009, Royal Worcester remains in the luxury tableware and giftware market, although production in Worcester itself has ended.

The Worcester Royal Porcelain Co. Ltd. (known as Royal Worcester) was formed in 1862, and although the company had a royal warrant of appointment from 1788, wares produced before that time, as well as those produced at two other factories in Worcester, are known as Worcester porcelain.  The enterprise has followed the pattern of other leading English porcelain brands, with increasing success during the 18th and 19th centuries, then a gradual decline during the 20th century, especially the latter half.
Your Face Sounds Familiar (Philippine TV series) season 4
The fourth season of the singing impersonation competition Your Face Sounds Familiar premiered on Kapamilya Channel on October 4, 2025. Vhong Navarro and Jhong Hilario debuted as hosts for this season, while Gary Valenciano, Ogie Alcasid, and Sharon Cuneta all returned to serve as members of the jury.

Karla Estrada
Carla Elago Ford (born November 21, 1974), known professionally as Karla Estrada (Tagalog: [ˈkaɾlɐ ɛsˈtɾada]), is a Filipino-American actress, singer, television host, and comedian. She is best known for hosting the talk shows Magandang Buhay and Face 2 Face for ABS-CBN and TV5, respectively, as well as the variety show Chibugan Na! for RPN. She is also known as the mother of actor-singer Daniel Padilla.

In 2016, Estrada signed a 2-year exclusive contract with ABS-CBN.
Swimming at the 2016 Summer Paralympics – Women's 100 metre backstroke S8
The women's 100 metre backstroke S8 event at the 2016 Paralympic Games took place on 13 September 2016, at the Olympic Aquatics Stadium. Three heats were held. The swimmers with the eight fastest times advanced to the final.

Olympic Aquatics Stadium
The Olympic Aquatics Stadium (Portuguese: Estádio Aquático Olímpico) was a temporary aquatics center in the Barra Olympic Park in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The venue hosted the swimming events, Synchronized swimming finals and water polo finals at the 2016 Summer Olympics, and the para-swimming events for the 2016 Summer Paralympics.
Addison station (CTA Blue Line)
Addison is a station on the Chicago Transit Authority's 'L' system, serving the Blue Line. It is also the only station whose coordinates are equal (3600 N/3600 W). It is the first station in the median of the Kennedy Expressway located between the Avondale neighborhood and Irving Park neighborhood. The Villa District is accessible by this station.

Chicago Transit Authority
The Chicago Transit Authority (CTA) is a public transit agency in Chicago, Illinois, United States. It operates the Chicago "L" rail system and CTA bus services.

The CTA was established as an independent governmental agency by the Metropolitan Transportation Act passed by the Illinois General Assembly on April 12, 1945. It started operations on October 1, 1947, upon the purchase and combination of the transportation assets of the Chicago Rapid Transit Company and the Chicago Surface Lines streetcar system. In 1952, CTA purchased the assets of the Chicago Motor Coach Company, resulting in a fully unified system. Today, the CTA is one of the three service boards financially supported by the Regional Transportation Authority, and CTA service connects with Metra commuter rail and Pace Suburban Bus.

In 2025, the system had a ridership of 319,160,900, or about 971,400 per weekday as of the fourth quarter of 2025.
Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iași
The Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iași (Romanian: Universitatea Tehnică „Gheorghe Asachi” din Iași; acronym: TUIASI) is a public university located in Iași, Iași County, Western Moldavia, Romania. Classified by the Ministry of Education as an advanced research and education university, it has the oldest tradition in Romania in engineering education. Gheorghe Asachi Technical University is a member of the Romanian Alliance of Technical Universities (ARUT).

Western Moldavia
Western Moldavia (Romanian: Moldova Occidentală, Moldova de Apus, or Moldova de Vest), also known as Romanian Moldavia, is the core historic and geographical part of the former Principality of Moldavia situated in eastern and north-eastern Romania. Until its union with Wallachia in 1859, the Principality of Moldavia also included, at various times in its history, the regions of Bessarabia (with the Budjak), all of Bukovina, and Hertsa; the larger part of the former is nowadays the independent state of Moldova, while the rest of it, the northern part of Bukovina, and Hertsa form territories of Ukraine.

Romanian Moldavia consists of eight counties, spanning over 18% of Romania's territory. Six out of the 8 counties make up Romania's designated Nord-Est development region, while the two southern counties are included within Romania's Sud-Est development region. It comprises roughly 48.67% of the wider region of Moldavia.
Fitchett
Fitchett is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alfred Fitchett CMG (1836–1929), Dean of Dunedin from 1894 to 1929

Billy Fitchett (1872–1952), Anglican bishop in New Zealand

Chris Fitchett, Australian writer, producer and script editor

Frederick Fitchett CMG (1851–1930), Member of Parliament from Dunedin, New Zealand

Jack Fitchett (1879–1938), English footballer

John Fitchett (poet) (1776–1838), English poet

Margaret Fitchett (1875–1958), sometimes called Daisy Fitchett, New Zealand artist

Michael Fitchett (Australian sportsman) (born 1927), first-class cricketer for Victoria and Australian rules footballer

Michael Fitchett (basketball) (born 1982), New Zealand former professional basketball player

William Henry Fitchett (1841–1928), Australian journalist, minister, educator, founding president of the Methodist Ladies' College, Melbourne

John Fitchett Marsh (1818–1880), English solicitor, official and antiquary

Alfred Fitchett
Alfred Robertson Fitchett CMG (1836 – 19 April 1929) was the Dean of Dunedin from 1894 until 1929.

Born in Grantham, Lincolnshire, England, in 1836, Fitchett was ordained in 1879, and graduated MA from the University of Otago in 1882. He was Vicar of All Saints' Church, Dunedin for 49 years, he continued at All Saints as well as being Dean: he was also Archdeacon of Dunedin from 1915 to 1919.

In the 1928 King's Birthday Honours, Fitchett was appointed a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George. He died in Dunedin on 19 April 1929, and was buried in the Dunedin Northern Cemetery.

His son, William Fitchett, was Bishop of Dunedin from 1934 to 1952. His daughter, Margaret Fitchett, was an artist.
1996 Trofeo Conde de Godó
The 1996 Trofeo Conde de Godó was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Real Club de Tenis Barcelona in Barcelona in Spain and was part of the Championship Series of the 1996 ATP Tour. The tournament was held from 15 April through 21 April 1996. Thomas Muster won the singles title.

This event also carried the joint denominations of the Campeonatos Internacionales de España or Spanish International Championships that was hosted at this venue and location, and was 29th edition to be held in Barcelona, also this year SEAT replaces Renault as the main tournament sponsor and the Open Seat Godó' and is the 1st edition branded under that name.

SEAT
SEAT S.A. (English: /ˈseɪɑːt/; Spanish: [ˈseat]; from Spanish Sociedad Española de Automóviles de Turismo, lit. 'Spanish Passenger Car Company') is a Spanish car manufacturer that sells its vehicles under the SEAT and Cupra brands. Founded on 9 May 1950, it was created as a joint venture between Spain's government-owned Instituto Nacional de Industria (INI), which held a majority stake, Spanish private banks, and Fiat. After being listed as an independent automaker for 36 years, the Spanish government sold SEAT to the Volkswagen Group in 1986, and it remains a fully owned subsidiary of the Group.

The headquarters of SEAT S.A. is located in Martorell, near Barcelona, at the company's industrial complex. Over 468,000 units were produced in 2020 with more than 427,000 cars exported to over 75 countries worldwide.
Orange County LAFCO
The Orange County Local Agency Formation Commission, or OC LAFCO, is a government agency that makes decisions regarding boundaries for cities, unincorporated territory (land not located within a city) and special districts (local agencies which provide water, sewer, parks and recreation and other municipal services) within Orange County, California. Orange County LAFCO offices are located in Santa Ana, California.

Recreation
Recreation is an activity of leisure, leisure being discretionary time. The "need to do something for recreation" is an essential element of human biology and psychology. Recreational activities are often done for enjoyment, amusement, or pleasure and are considered to be "fun".
Kenneth Jørgensen
Kenneth Jørgensen (born 17 July 1976) is a Danish former handballer and current handball coach. During his playing career he played for Danish Handball League sides Fredericia HK and KIF Kolding.

In 2022 he became the coach of KIF Koldings U17 team together with Martin Buk Eriksen.

Fredericia HK
Fredericia HK  is a handball club from Fredericia, Denmark. Currently, Fredericia HK competes in the men's Danish Handball League. The home arena of the team is thansen.dk Arena. The club was founded in 1990 on the license of former 5 time Danish champions Fredericia KFUM.
Henry Stanley Bennett
Henry Stanley Bennett, FBA (15 January 1889 – 5 June 1972) was an English literary historian.  Known as Stanley Bennett and publishing as H. S. Bennett, he was an authority on medieval England. He wrote Life on the English Manor (1937), and subsequently wrote extensively on literature of the 15th and 16th centuries.

History of literature
The history of literature is the historical development of writings in prose or poetry that attempt to provide entertainment or education to the reader, as well as the development of the literary techniques used in the communication of these pieces. Not all writings constitute literature. Some recorded materials, such as compilations of data (e.g., a check register) are not considered literature, and this article relates only to the evolution of the works defined above.
2015 Shutdown Sungai Besi rally
The Shutdown Sungai Besi rally (known before as Shutdown Jalan Duta) was a rally that took place on 31 December 2015 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The rally was organised by National Trust Party, a political party in Malaysia. The rally aimed to protest the rising cost of living.

National Trust Party (Malaysia)
The National Trust Party (Malay: Parti Amanah Negara, AMANAH) is a political party in Malaysia advocating a reformist strand of political Islam. The party was founded as the Malaysia Workers' Party (Malay: Parti Pekerja-Pekerja Malaysia; abbrev: PPPM) before being taken over in August 2015 by Gerakan Harapan Baru, a group of moderate-to-progressive Islamist leaders from the Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party that had lost a party election. The party was rebranded on 16 September 2015. The party currently has eight elected Members of Parliament. It is one of the three component parties of the incumbent Pakatan Harapan coalition in Malaysia.
Walter von Unruh
Walter von Unruh (30 December 1877 in Gut Klein Tillendorf bei Fraustadt – 16 September 1956 in Bad Berneck im Fichtelgebirge) was a Prussian officer, and later General during World War II. Also, he was a recipient of Pour le Mérite.

Wschowa
Wschowa (pronounced Fs-hova [ˈfsxɔva], German: Fraustadt) is a town in the Lubusz Voivodeship in western Poland with 13,875 inhabitants (2019). It is the capital of Wschowa County and a significant tourist site containing many important historical monuments. It is part of the historic region of Greater Poland. Once an important royal city of Poland, due to its 18th-century history, it is sometimes called the "unofficial capital of Poland".
Battle of the Arar
The Battle of the Arar was fought between the migrating tribes of the Helvetii and six Roman legions under the command of Gaius Julius Caesar in 58 BC. It was the first major battle of the Gallic Wars and ended in a tactical victory for the outnumbered Roman army.

45°56′26″N 4°46′27″E﻿ / ﻿45.940617°N 4.774236°E﻿ / 45.940617; 4.774236

Roman legion
The Roman legion (Latin: legiō, Latin: [ˈɫɛɡioː]) was the largest military unit of the Roman army, composed of Roman citizens serving as legionaries. During the Roman Republic the manipular legion comprised 4,200 infantry and 300 cavalry. In late Republican times the legions were formed of 5,200 men and were restructured around 10 cohorts, the first cohort being double strength. This structure persisted throughout the Principate and middle Empire, before further changes in the fourth century resulted in new formations of around 1,000 men.
Tom MacKenzie
Thomas David MacKenzie (4 October 1882 – 28 November 1927) was an Australian rules footballer in the (then)  South Australian Football Association (SAFA)/South Australian Football League (SAFL).

MacKenzie was the first man to win three Magarey Medals as the fairest and most brilliant player in the competition. He was a cool centreman who excelled under pressure.

He later served in World War I, being wounded several times while fighting in France.

In 1996 MacKenzie was inducted into the Australian Football Hall of Fame.  In 2002 he was inducted into the South Australian Football Hall of Fame.

South Australian Football Hall of Fame
The South Australian Football Hall of Fame enshrines those who have made a most significant contribution to the game of Australian Football.

The Hall of Fame was established in 2002 when 114 outstanding individuals became inaugural inductees.

Since then, the contributions of other players, administrators, media representatives and umpires have been added to this prestigious roll of honour... To be eligible for hall of fame award a player must have been retired from football for at least three years.
Penny Bovell
Penny Bovell (born 1956) is a Western Australian artist.
In 1999, Bovell received a master's degree in Fine Art from the University of Western Australia, Perth, following her completion in 1993 of a postgraduate diploma in Visual Arts from Curtin University.

She has exhibited regularly, as well as lectured in studio practice and art history at the University of Western Australia and Curtin University in Perth.

Bovell's artwork is in major public collections such as:

the National Gallery of Australia, Canberra

Parliament House, Canberra

the Art Gallery of Western Australia, Perth

Wesfarmers

as well as numerous private and corporate collections.

National Gallery of Australia
The National Gallery of Australia (NGA), formerly the Australian National Gallery, is the national art museum of Australia as well as one of the largest art museums in Australia, holding more than 166,000 works of art. Located in Canberra in the Australian Capital Territory, it was established in 1967 by the Australian Government as a national public art museum. As of 2022 it is under the directorship of Nick Mitzevich.
Shadow Mountain Dam
Shadow Mountain Dam is a zoned earth-fill dam on the Colorado River in Grand County, Colorado. Constructed between 1944 and 1946, the Shadow Mountain Dam creates the Shadow Mountain Lake, with a structural height of 63 feet (19 m) and a drainage area of 187 square miles (480 km2). Shadow Mountain Lake is a holding reservoir for water pumped up from Lake Granby just to the south through the Granby Pumping Plant and Canal. Shadow Mountain Lake is connected by a short channel to the natural Grand Lake. The west portal of the Alva B. Adams Tunnel is located on Grand Lake. The Adams Tunnel diverts west slope water to the east slope of the Rocky Mountains for use in agriculture and to serve the populated areas of Colorado, including Denver.

Embankment dam
An embankment dam is a large artificial dam. It is typically created by the placement and compaction of a complex semi-plastic mound of various compositions of soil or rock. It has a water-resistant natural covering for its surface, and may feature a dense, watertight core to resist surface or seepage erosion. Such a dam is composed of fragmented independent material particles. The friction and interaction of particles binds the particles together into a stable mass rather than by the use of a cementing substance.
Džuli
"Džuli" (Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: Џули; English version: "Julie") was the Yugoslav entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 1983, performed in Croatian by Montenegrin singer Daniel. It was performed 12th on the night, following the Netherlands' Bernadette with "Sing Me a Song" and preceding Cyprus' Stavros & Constantina with "I agapi akoma zi". At the close of voting, it received 125 points, and came 4th in a field of 20.

Daniel Popović also recorded the song in English (as "Julie") and Hebrew (as "Julia", under the pseudonym Daniel Popenthal).

It became a hit in Europe, being covered by artists such as Swedish dansband Wizex on the 1983 album Julie (as "Julie") with Swedish lyrics by Tommy Stjernfeldt.

It was succeeded as Yugoslav representative at the 1984 contest by Ida & Vlado with "Ciao, amore".

Yugoslavia in the Eurovision Song Contest 1984
Yugoslavia was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 1984 with the song "Ciao, amore", composed by Slobodan Bučevac, with lyrics by Milan Perić, and performed by Ida & Vlado. The Yugoslavian participating broadcaster, Jugoslavenska radiotelevizija (JRT), selected its entry through Jugovizija 1984.
Castle Walk
Castle Walk is a dance originated and made famous by Vernon and Irene Castle. The moniker was coined from the Castle's signature dance step styling, and their touring stage show of 1913 led with this as their signature. The Castle Walk became popular through its introduction into the Tango. "Castle Walk" is also a popular American song composed for Vernon and Irene Castle by James Reese Europe (1880–1919) and Ford Thompson Dabney (1883–1958). It was first recorded in 1914, commissioned by the Castles to accompany and provide music for their social dancing programs, having been one of these resulting pieces. Though many dance accompaniments of the time are syncopated rhythms, Castle Walk in particular carries syncopation in half-measure.

Matrix number
A matrix number is an alphanumeric code (and on occasion, other symbols) stamped or handwritten (or a combination of the two) into the run-out groove area of a phonograph record. This is the non-grooved area between the end of the final band on a record's side and the label, also known as the run-off groove area, end-groove area, matrix area, or "dead wax".
Kuwaiti minimum wage
On February 21, 2008, the Kuwaiti Parliament approved a monthly pay rise of 120 Kuwaiti dinars (KWD) ($440) for nationals working in the public and private sectors after inflation rose to 7.3%, the highest level in 16 years. The decision was also made to raise the pay of foreigners employed by the government by 50 KWD ($184).

This decision was met with criticism, particularly from Khalaf Al-Enezi, a member of the National Assembly of Kuwait, who rejected the approved increase in minimum wage as it was lower than expected, and urged the government to review its decision.

As of 2025, the minimum wage according to the Kuwait employment law, the minimum wage is 75 (KWD) Kuwaiti Dinars Per Month, unchanged since 2017.

National Assembly (Kuwait)
The National Assembly (Arabic: مجلس الأمة, Majlis al-ʾUmma) is the unicameral legislature of Kuwait. The National Assembly meets in Kuwait City. The National Assembly is typically composed of 50 elected members and 16 directly appointed government ministers (ex officio members).

The assembly was frequently dissolved by the Emir of Kuwait. From 2006 to 2024, the assembly was dissolved 13 times. The assembly has been suspended since 10 May 2024 for a four-year constitutional re-evaluation due to frequent inaction, corruption, bribery, vote purchasing and political deadlock.