hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ingleby railway station
Ingleby railway station was a railway station built to serve the village of Ingleby Greenhow in North Yorkshire, England. The station was on the North Yorkshire and Cleveland's railway line between Sexhow and Ingleby, which opened in 1857. The line was extended progressively until it met the Whitby & Pickering Railway at Grosmont. Ingleby station was closed in 1954 to passengers and four years later to goods. The station was located 19 miles (31 km) south of Stockton, and only 3⁄4 mile (1.2 km) west of Battersby railway station.

Whitby and Pickering Railway
The Whitby and Pickering Railway (W&P) was built to halt the gradual decline of the port of Whitby on the east coast of England.  Its basic industries—whaling and shipbuilding—had been in decline and it was believed that opening transport links inland would help regenerate the town and port.

Until the turnpike to Pickering was opened in 1759, Whitby was better connected to the rest of the country by sea than by land; even then the difficult climb over the high moors was an obstacle.  Stagecoach services did not start until 1795 and mail coaches (three a week) until 1823.

The Whitby and Pickering Railway opened in stages in 1836 (being one of the earliest railways in Yorkshire) and was worked by horses until it was absorbed into the York and North Midland Railway in 1845 and was converted into a conventional double tracked steam-worked railway.
August 23 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
August 22 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - August 24

All fixed commemorations below are observed on September 5 by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For August 23, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on August 10.

Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar
The Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar describes and dictates the rhythm of the life of the Eastern Orthodox Church. Passages of Holy Scripture, saints and events for commemoration are associated with each date, as are many times special rules for fasting or feasting that correspond to the day of the week or time of year in relationship to the major feast days.

There are two types of feasts in the Orthodox Church calendar: fixed and movable. Fixed feasts occur on the same calendar day every year, whereas movable feasts change each year. The moveable feasts are generally relative to Pascha (Easter), and so the cycle of moveable feasts is referred to as the Paschal cycle.
FEA-M
In cryptography, FEA-M (Fast Encryption Algorithm for Multimedia) is a block cipher developed in 2001 by X. Yi, C. H. Tan, C. K. Siew, and M. R. Syed.

With the unusually large block size of 4096 bits, all of FEA-M's calculations operate on 64×64 binary matrices. Unlike most block ciphers, FEA-M does not use multiple rounds of encryption. Each block is encrypted using just two multiplications and two additions. The data is encrypted using a pair of session keys chosen for just that message. The key is an invertible matrix used to encrypt the session keys, and the encrypted session keys must be sent along with the ciphertext. Since only invertible matrices can be used for the key, the effective key size is about 4094.2 bits.

FEA-M is insecure; an attack found by Youssef and Tavares (2003) recovers the secret key using only 1 known plaintext and 2 chosen plaintexts.

Block cipher
In cryptography, a block cipher is a deterministic algorithm that operates on fixed-length groups of bits, called blocks. Block ciphers are the elementary building blocks of many cryptographic protocols. They are ubiquitous in the storage and exchange of data, where such data is secured and authenticated via encryption.

A block cipher uses blocks as an unvarying transformation. Even a secure block cipher is suitable for the encryption of only a single block of data at a time, using a fixed key. A multitude of modes of operation have been designed to allow their repeated use in a secure way to achieve the other security goals of confidentiality and authenticity. However, block ciphers may also feature as building blocks in other cryptographic protocols, such as universal hash functions and pseudorandom number generators.
Antimicrobial chemotherapy
Antimicrobial chemotherapy is the clinical application of antimicrobial agents to treat infectious diseases.

There are five types of antimicrobial chemotherapy:

Antibacterial chemotherapy, the use of antibacterial drugs to treat bacterial infections

Antifungal chemotherapy, the use of antifungal drugs to treat fungal infections

Anthelminthic chemotherapy, the use of antihelminthic drugs to treat worm infections

Antiprotozoal chemotherapy, the use of antiprotozoal drugs to treat protozoan infections

Antiviral chemotherapy, the use of antiviral drugs to treat viral infections

Antifungal
An antifungal medication, also known as an antimycotic medication, is a pharmaceutical fungicide or fungistatic used to treat and prevent mycosis such as athlete's foot, ringworm, candidiasis (thrush), serious systemic infections such as cryptococcal meningitis, and others. Such drugs are usually obtained by a doctor's prescription, but a few are available over the counter (OTC). The evolution of antifungal resistance is a growing threat to health globally.
Alexander O'Handley
Alexander O'Handley (May 16, 1899 – January 8, 1974) was a teacher, lawyer and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Cape Breton East from 1925 to 1928 as a Conservative member and Cape Breton North from 1941 to 1956 as a Liberal member in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly.

He was born in Sydney Mines, Nova Scotia, the son of John O'Handley and Catherine McIntyre. He was educated at St. Francis Xavier University and later Dalhousie University, receiving an LL.B in 1931. O'Handley taught school for a number of years and was the president of the Nova Scotia Teachers' Union from 1924 to 1925. In 1941, he married Bernette O'Neill.

Northside-Westmount
Northside-Westmount is a provincial electoral district in  Nova Scotia, Canada, that elects one member of the Nova Scotia House of Assembly.

In 1933, the County of Cape Breton was divided into five electoral districts, one of which was Cape Breton North, which was carved out of parts of Cape Breton Centre and Cape Breton East. In 2003, the district gained upper North Sydney as far as Balls Creek and Point Aconi. In 2013, the district was renamed Northside-Westmount and it lost the area west of Little Bras d'Or to Victoria-The Lakes and gained the area north of Highway 125 from Cape Breton South.

In the 2021 election, Northside-Westmount was the only riding to flip to the Liberals as the province went from a Liberal majority to a Progressive Conservative majority.
When I Start To (Break It All Down)
"When I Start To (Break It All Down)" is a song by English synth-pop duo Erasure, released in 2011 as the lead single from their fourteenth studio album Tomorrow's World. The song was written by Andy Bell and Vince Clarke, and produced by Frankmusik.

"When I Start To (Break It All Down)" reached number 172 in the UK Singles Chart in October 2011. It was Erasure's first eligible single (discounting remixed versions of hit singles) since their formation in 1985 not to reach the UK top 100. In November 2011, the song peaked at number 25 on the US Billboard Dance/Club Play Songs chart.

Vince Clarke
Vincent John Martin (born 3 July 1960), known professionally as Vince Clarke, is a British synth-pop musician and songwriter. Clarke has been the main composer and musician of the band Erasure since its inception in 1985, and was previously the main songwriter for several groups, including Depeche Mode, Yazoo, and the Assembly. In Erasure, he is known for his deadpan and low-key onstage demeanour, often remaining motionless over his keyboard, in sharp contrast to lead vocalist Andy Bell's animated and hyperactive frontman antics.

Erasure have recorded over 200 songs and have sold over 28 million albums worldwide. Clarke was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2020 as a member of Depeche Mode.
My Sister Eileen (1942 film)
My Sister Eileen is a 1942 American comedy film directed by Alexander Hall and starring Rosalind Russell, Brian Aherne and Janet Blair. The screenplay by Joseph A. Fields and Jerome Chodorov is based on their 1940 play of the same title, which was inspired by a series of autobiographical short stories by Ruth McKenney originally published in The New Yorker.  The supporting cast features George Tobias, Allyn Joslyn, Grant Mitchell, Gordon Jones and, in a cameo appearance at the end, The Three Stooges (Moe Howard, Larry Fine and Curly Howard).

Ruth McKenney
Ruth Marguerite McKenney (November 18, 1911 – July 25, 1972) was an American author and journalist, best remembered for My Sister Eileen, a memoir of her experiences growing up in Ohio and moving to Greenwich Village with her sister Eileen McKenney.

Originally published as a series of short stories in The New Yorker, My Sister Eileen was published in book form in 1938, and later adapted under the same name into a play, a radio play (and unproduced radio series), two films, and a CBS television series. It was also the basis for the Leonard Bernstein musical Wonderful Town.
Hijr Ismail
Hijr Ismail (Arabic: حجر اسماعيل) also known as Hateem, is a low wall originally part of the Kaaba. It is a semi-circular wall opposite, but not connected to, the north-west wall of the Kaaba known as the hatīm. This is 1.33 metres (4 ft 4 in) in height and 0.90 metres (2 ft 11 in) in width, and is composed of white marble. At one time the space lying between the hatīm and the Kaaba belonged to the Kaaba itself, and for this reason it is not entered during the Tawaf. Pilgrims do not walk in the area between this wall and the Kaaba.

Abd al-Muttalib
Shayba ibn Hāshim (Arabic: شيبة بن هاشم; c. 481–578), better known as ʿAbd al-Muttalib, (Arabic: عبد المطلب, lit. 'Servant of Muttalib') was the fourth chief of the Quraysh tribal confederation and grandfather of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
1986 12 Hours of Sebring
The 12 Hours of Sebring Grand Prix of Endurance, was the third round of the 1986 IMSA GT Championship and was held at the Sebring International Raceway, on March 22, 1986. Victory overall went to the No. 5 Bob Akin Motor Racing Porsche 962 driven by Bob Akin, Hans-Joachim Stuck, and Jo Gartner.

Jo Gartner
Josef Anton Gartner (24 January 1954 – 1 June 1986) was a Formula One and sports car endurance driver from Austria. After a successful lower formula career, including a win in the Formula Two Pau Grand Prix, he participated in eight Formula One Grands Prix for Osella during the 1984 season, scoring no points. He was killed in an accident at the 1986 24 Hours of Le Mans.
Gasanova
Gasanova is the second studio album by American rapper Yung Gravy, released on October 2, 2020, by Republic Records. The album features appearances by Ski Mask the Slump God, TrippythaKid, Bobby Raps, Young Dolph, bbno$, Chief Keef, and Y2K.

Young Dolph
Adolph Robert Thornton Jr. (July 27, 1985 – November 17, 2021), known professionally as Young Dolph, was an American rapper and record executive. He first garnered mainstream attention for his guest appearance on O.T. Genasis' 2015 single "Cut It", which peaked within the top 40 of the Billboard Hot 100. The following year, he released his debut studio album King of Memphis, which peaked at number 49 on the Billboard 200. His fifth album, Rich Slave (2020), peaked at number four on the chart.

Thornton founded the independent label Paper Route Empire in 2010, through which he signed his cousin in-law, fellow Memphis-based rapper Key Glock. On November 17, 2021, Dolph was murdered in his hometown of Memphis, Tennessee.
Ove Dalsheim
Ove Dalsheim (born 12 May 1944) is a Norwegian trade unionist and politician.

He started his career in the Norwegian State Railways in 1961, and held his first post in the Norwegian Union of Railway Workers in 1967. In October 1992 he succeeded Leif Thue as the union leader. He had already been a board member of the Norwegian State Railways, representing the railway employees together with Leif Thue. He worked as a yard controller by the time he became union leader. He withdrew in 2004, being succeeded by Kjell Atle Brunborg.

He was also a member of the Labour Party, and served four terms in Trondheim city council. Before joining the Labour Party he was a prominent local member of the Communist Party of Norway. He was also a board member of Trondheim Trafikkselskap, at the time when the board decided upon the closing of the Trondheim Tramway.

Norwegian State Railways (1883–1996)
The Norwegian State Railways (Norwegian: Norges Statsbaner or NSB) was a state-owned railway company that operated most of the railway network in Norway. The government agency/directorate was created in 1883 to oversee the construction and operation of all state-owned railways in Norway. On 1 December 1996, it was demerged to create the infrastructure operator Norwegian National Rail Administration, the train operator Norwegian State Railways and the Norwegian Railway Inspectorate. The name was taken by the train operator, although the infrastructure operator remained a government agency and is the legal successor.
Enzo Gusman
Laurence Enzo Gusman (9 August 1947 – 18 December 2021) was a Maltese folk singer. It was Malta's late comic actor Johnnie Navarro who discovered him and invited him as a resident singer on a programme called "TIC TAC" transmitted on the now-defunct Malta's Cable Radio system run by Rediffusion. In 1964, Gusman was the vocalist of the Maltese pop-group "The Boys". In 1965, Gusman pursued a career in banking, even when he emigrated to Canada in 1979. In later years, he would again spend several years living in Malta.

Rediffusion
Rediffusion was a business that distributed radio and TV signals through wired relay networks.  The business gave rise to a number of other companies, including Associated-Rediffusion, later known as Rediffusion London, the first ITV (commercial television) franchisee to go on air in the UK. Rediffusion also spawned a record label, Rediffusion International Music, in 1968 (which was also responsible for the short-lived Koala label).

Redifon was the name used, until 1981, for companies in the capital goods businesses of Rediffusion, namely Redifon Computers, Redifon Flight Simulation and Redifon Telecommunications.

The Rediffusion brand has been revived and is currently used in China on consumer electrical products and on LED televisions in the UK.
Couturier (surname)
Couturier is the French-language occupational surname, literally meaning "seamster"/"couturier"

Notable people with the surname include:

Catherine Couturier (born 1959), French politician

Clément Couturier (born 1993), French footballer

E. A. Couturier (1869–1950), American cornet player and inventor

Paul Couturier (1881–1953), French priest

Marie-Alain Couturier (1897–1954), French Dominican friar, designer of stained glass windows

Louis-Charles Couturier (1817–1890), French Benedictine abbot, President of the French Congregation of Benedictines

Robert Couturier (sculptor) (1905–2008), French sculptor

Robert Couturier (architect) (born 1955), French architect and decorator

Sean Couturier (born 1992), American-born Canadian ice hockey player

Sylvain Couturier (born 1968), National Hockey League player, father of Sean

Malik Couturier (born 1982), French football defender

Marie-Alain Couturier
Marie-Alain Couturier, O.P., (15 November 1897 – 9 February 1954) was a French Dominican friar and Catholic priest, who gained fame as a designer of stained glass windows. He was noted for his modern inspiration in the field of Sacred art.
County Palatine of Tübingen
The County Palatine of Tübingen was a state of the Holy Roman Empire in the medieval period. The dynasty, originally based in Nagold, managed to acquire extensive holdings over the course of their time in power, distinguishing themselves by founding a large number monasteries in their territories. By the time of the High Middle Ages, several factors contributed to their economic decline, including the expenses of keeping court and extravagant donations to the monasteries they founded. The line itself experienced fragmentation into numerous cadet branches, the longest-lasting of which were the Counts of Tübingen-Lichteneck (until 1664) and the Counts of Montfort (1787).

Nagold
Nagold (German pronunciation: [ˈnaːɡɔlt] ⓘ) is a town in southwestern Germany, bordering the Northern Black Forest. It is located in the Landkreis (district) of Calw (Germany/Baden-Württemberg). Nagold is recorded for the first time in a historical document dating back to 786, specified as "villa nagaltuna." Nagold is known for its ruined castle, Hohennagold Castle, and for its road viaduct. It takes its name from the river Nagold, which flows through the town.

Nagold has a beautiful city centre where half-timbered houses and modern architecture meet each other. The following small villages belong to the district of Nagold: Emmingen, Gündringen, Hochdorf, Iselshausen, Mindersbach, Pfrondorf, Schietingen and Vollmaringen.
Sidique Mansaray
Sidique Mansaray (born 23 July 1980) is a Sierra Leonean former footballer who played as a striker. He was a regular member of the Sierra Leone national team. in 2001, he scored the only goal as the Leone Stars defeated Nigeria 1-0 in a 2002 FIFA World Cup qualifying match in Freetown.

Nigeria national football team
The Nigeria national football team represents Nigeria in international men's football. Governed by the Nigeria Football Federation (NFF), they are three-time Africa Cup of Nations (AFCON) winners, with their most recent title in 2013. In February 2024, the Nigerian national football team was ranked 28th in the FIFA rankings. The team has qualified for six of the last nine FIFA World Cups, missing only the 2006, 2022 and 2026 tournaments. They have reached the round of 16 on three occasions. Their first World Cup appearance was in the 1994 edition. The team is a member of FIFA and Confederation of African Football (CAF).
Păulești, Satu Mare
Păulești (Hungarian: Szatmárpálfalva, Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈʃzɒtmaːrpaːlfɒlvɒ]) is a commune of 5,775 inhabitants situated in Satu Mare County, Romania. It is composed of six villages: Amați
(Amac), Ambud (Ombod), Hrip (Hirip), Păulești, Petin (Pettyén), and Rușeni (Oroszfalva).

The commune is located in the central part of the county, 6 km (3.7 mi) east of the county seat, Satu Mare, and belongs to the Satu Mare metropolitan area.

Satu Mare metropolitan area
The Satu Mare Metropolitan Area is a metropolitan area of Romania founded on April 26, 2013 around Satu Mare, the capital city of Satu Mare County. It has a population of 233,306 and, besides Satu Mare, it includes four cities and towns (Carei, Ardud, Livada, and Tășnad), as well as 26 communes.

As defined by Eurostat, the Satu Mare functional urban area has a population of 149,387 residents (as of 2015).
Chesterfield Towne Center
Chesterfield Towne Center is an enclosed shopping mall located in the Richmond, Virginia metropolitan area in unincorporated Chesterfield County, Virginia. It opened in 1975 and features five anchor stores: At Home, JCPenney, Macy's, and a combination TJ Maxx/HomeGoods, with one vacant anchor last occupied by Sears.

Chesterfield County, Virginia
Chesterfield County is a county located just south of Richmond in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The county's borders are primarily defined by the James River to the north and the Appomattox River to the south. Its county seat is Chesterfield Court House.

Chesterfield County was formed in 1749 from parts of Henrico County. It was named for Philip Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield, a prominent English statesman who had been the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.

As of the 2020 census, the population was 364,548, making it the fourth-most populous county in Virginia (behind Fairfax, Prince William, and Loudoun, respectively). Chesterfield County is part of the Greater Richmond Region, and the county refers to much of the northern portion as "North Chesterfield".
Sally Rand
Sally Rand (born Helen Gould Beck; April 3, 1904 – August 31, 1979) was an American burlesque dancer, stripper, vedette, and actress, famous for her ostrich-feather fan dance and balloon bubble dance. She also performed under the name Billie Beck.

Rand got her start as a chorus girl before working as an acrobat and traveling theater performer. Her career spanned more than forty years, appearing on stage, screen and on television. Through her career she worked alongside Humphrey Bogart, Karl Malden, and Cecil B. De Mille. She was a trained pilot and briefly dated Charles Lindbergh.

Erotic dance
An erotic dance is a dance that provides erotic entertainment with the objective to erotically stimulate or sexually arouse viewers. Erotic dance is one of several major dance categories based on purpose, such as ceremonial, competitive, performance and social dance.

The erotic dancer's clothing is often minimal and may be gradually removed to be partially or completely naked. In some areas where exposure of nipples or genitals is illegal, a dancer may respectively wear pasties or a g-string to stay within the law.

Nudity, though a common feature, is not a requirement of erotic dance. The culture and the ability of the human body is a significant aesthetic component in many dance styles.
Nande language
Nande (Yira) is a Bantu language spoken in the east of the Democratic Republic of Congo in the territories of Beni and Lubero. The Yira constitute more than 60% of the population of the province of North Kivu. The language is also spoken in Uganda by the Konjo (see Konjo language).

The Yira are subdivided into 14 clans including the Baswagha, Basu (Basukali for female), Bamate (just a family name), Bahira, Bakira, Bahambo, Bito, Batangi, Basongora, Bakumbule, Batike, Babinga, Balhumba and Balegha. The 14 clans are subdivided into families, and each clan is ruled by its own family head, also called clan chief (Omukulhu wolhughanda). The king of the Yira is called Omusinga (the leader).

Lake Edward
Lake Edward (locally Rwitanzigye or Rweru) is one of the smaller African Great Lakes.  It is located in the Albertine Rift, the western branch of the East African Rift, on the border between the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and Uganda, with its northern shore a few kilometres south of the equator.
Damian Barr
Damian Leighton Barr (born 20 July 1976) is a Scottish writer and broadcaster. He is the creator and host of the Literary Salon, which started at Shoreditch House in 2008, and he hosts live literary events worldwide. In 2014 and 2015, he presented several editions of the BBC Radio 4 cultural programme Front Row. He has hosted several television series including Shelf Isolation and most recently The Big Scottish Book Club for BBC Scotland. He is the author of the 2013 memoir Maggie & Me, about his 1980s childhood in the west of Scotland, and the 2019 novel You Will Be Safe Here, set in South Africa in 1901 and now. He is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts (FRSA).

BBC Scotland (TV channel)
BBC Scotland (also referred to as the BBC Scotland channel) is a Scottish local free-to-air public broadcast television channel owned and operated by the BBC Scotland division of the BBC. It airs a nightly lineup of entirely Scottish programming. The channel launched 24 February 2019, replacing the BBC Two Scotland opt-out of BBC Two, but operating as an autonomous channel (displacing BBC Four on Freeview in Scotland).