hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Compact Ignition Tokamak
The Compact Ignition Tokamak (CIT) was a plasma physics experiment that was designed but not built. It was designed by an inter-organizational team in the US led by Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory. The experiment was designed to achieve a self-sustaining thermonuclear fusion reaction (ignition) in a tokamak with the minimum possible budget.

Fusion ignition
Fusion ignition is the point at which a nuclear fusion reaction becomes self-sustaining. This occurs when the energy being given off by the reaction heats the fuel mass more rapidly than it cools. In other words, fusion ignition is the point at which the increasing self-heating of the nuclear fusion removes the need for external heating.
This is quantified by the Lawson criterion.
Ignition can also be defined by the fusion energy gain factor.

In the laboratory, fusion ignition defined by the Lawson criterion was first achieved in August 2021,
and ignition defined by the energy gain factor was achieved in December 2022,
both by the U.S. National Ignition Facility.
Gwendolyn Rosetta Capps Lightner
Gwendolyn Rosetta Capps Lightner (1925 – August 22, 1999) was an American gospel pianist, arranger, and choir director and an influential figure within the Los Angeles gospel community. She was best known for her work as accompanist for Mahalia Jackson, and she was also a session musician for recordings by the Pilgrim Travelers, the Soul Stirrers, Brother Joe May, and Doris Akers. Lightner was also an active leader within the Baptist church for many years. Bernice Johnson Reagon, scholar, founder of Sweet Honey in the Rock, and curator emeritus in the Division of Community Life and the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of American History called Lightner "a brilliant exponent of classical gospel playing."

Doris Akers
Doris Mae Akers (May 21, 1923 – July 26, 1995) was an American gospel music composer, arranger and singer who is considered to be "one of the most underrated gospel composers of the 20th century [who] wrote more than 500 songs". Known for her work with the Sky Pilot Choir, she was inducted into the Gospel Music Hall of Fame in 2001.
Helcystogramma luminosa
Helcystogramma luminosa is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by August Busck in 1914. It is found in Panama and Guyana.

The wingspan is about 14 mm. The colour and markings of the forewings are nearly identical to Helcystogramma perceptella, but the blackish-brown part is even more violet iridescent and there is a light yellow inner edge of the first orange spot and a light yellow central dash in the second orange spot. This spot is more rounded and without the dorsal and apical attenuations found in H. perceptella. The hindwings, abdomen and legs are coloured like H. perceptella.

August Busck
Augustus Busck (February 18, 1870 in Randers, Denmark – March 7, 1944) was a Danish-American entomologist with the United States Department of Agriculture's Bureau of Entomology, stationed in the U.S. National Museum. He is best known for his work with microlepidoptera, of which he described over 600 species. His collections of Lepidoptera from North America and the Panama Canal Zone are held by the National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C.
Pierre Burrows
Pierre Finch Martineau Burrows was a New Zealand architect who worked for the government in designing many judicial buildings. Burrows emigrated to New Zealand from England and started a private architectural practice before later joining the Public Works Department under Colonial Architect William Clayton. After Clayton's death Burrows took over his position until being made redundant. Burrows returned to private practice for a bit before eventually rejoining the Public Works Department in a lesser role. Burrows retired in 1908 and died 12 years later.

Many of Burrows works are registered with Heritage New Zealand with his most notable works being the Old Supreme Court building, the Mount Eden Prison, the Chief Post Office, Christchurch, and the Waimate Courthouse.

Karori
Karori is a suburb located at the western edge of the urban area of Wellington, New Zealand, 4 kilometres (2.5 miles) from the city centre and is one of New Zealand's most populous suburbs, with a population of 15,100 in June 2025. The name Karori used to be Kaharore and is from the Māori language. No Māori lived in the area, when the first European settlers came to Karori in the 1840s. The first settler in Karori cleared 20 acres of forest on his section with his younger brother Moses and advertised its sale in December 1841.

Amenities in Karori include, a community garden, a library, a swimming pool, and several church buildings.
Conaing mac Flainn
Conaing mac Flainn (died 849) was a King of Brega from the Uí Chonaing sept of Cnogba (Knowth) of the Síl nÁedo Sláine branch of the southern Ui Neill. He was the son of Flann mac Congalaig (died 812), a previous king. He ruled from 839 to 849.

The Uí Chonaing sept had conquered the lands of the Ciannachta (south of the Lower Boyne in modern County Meath) and were normally styled Kings of Ciannachta in this period. In 841 Conaing had a rival from his own kin Áed, son of Dúnchad, killed by his associates in his presence. At his death date in the annals he is styled rex Bregh – King of Brega – a title that had not been used in the annals since 771.

His sons Cináed mac Conaing (died 851) and Flann mac Conaing (died 868) were also Kings of Brega.  His daughter Gormlaith ingen Conaing mac Flainn was the wife of Flann Sinna (died 916).

Sept
A sept (/sɛpt/) is a division of a family, especially of a Scottish or Irish family. The term is used both in Scotland and in Ireland, where it may be translated as  Irish sliocht, meaning "progeny" or "seed", and may indicate the descendants of a person (for example, Irish: Sliocht Bhriain Mhic Dhiarmada, "the descendant of Brian MacDermott"). The word may derive from the Latin saeptum, meaning "enclosure" or "fold", or via an alteration of the English-language word "sect".
The King of Bernina
The King of Bernina (German: Der König der Bernina) is a 1957 Austrian-Swiss historical drama film directed by Alfred Lehner and starring Helmuth Schneider, Waltraut Haas and Walter Janssen.

The film's sets were designed by the art director Nino Borghi. It was shot at the Rosenhügel Studios in Vienna. Location shooting took place in the Swiss Alps. The film was made using Agfacolor. It was based on a classic novel which had previously been filmed in Hollywood as Eternal Love (1929) by Ernst Lubitsch.

Set during the Napoleonic era, it is part of the heimatfilm tradition of the post-war years. It is also a re-envisioning of the mountain film genre.

Ernst Lubitsch
Ernst Lubitsch (/ˈluːbɪtʃ/; January 29, 1892 – November 30, 1947) was a German and American film director, producer, writer, and actor. His urbane comedies of manners gave him the reputation of being Hollywood's most elegant and sophisticated director; as his prestige grew, his films were promoted as having "the Lubitsch touch". Among his best known works are Trouble in Paradise (1932), Design for Living (1933), Ninotchka (1939), The Shop Around the Corner (1940), To Be or Not to Be (1942) and Heaven Can Wait (1943).

He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Director three times, for The Patriot (1928), The Love Parade (1929), and Heaven Can Wait (1943); his pictures The Smiling Lieutenant and One Hour with You were also nominated for Outstanding Production in 1932. In 1946, he received an Honorary Academy Award for his distinguished contributions to the art of the motion picture.
1984–85 United States network television schedule
The 1984–85 network television schedule for the three major English language commercial broadcast networks in the United States covers primetime hours from September 1984 through August 1985. The schedule is followed by a list per network of returning series, new series, and series cancelled after the 1983–84 season.

Halfway through the season, NBC began airing some of its prime-time programming in MTS stereo sound. The network had aired The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson and some specials in this format since the summer of 1984.

PBS, the Public Broadcasting Service, was in operation but the schedule was set by each local station.

Each of the 30 highest-rated shows released in May 1985 is listed with its rank and rating as determined by Nielsen Media Research.

Prime time
Prime time (sometimes spelled primetime), or peak time, is the block of broadcast programming taking place during the middle of the evening for television shows. It is mostly targeted towards adults (and sometimes families). It is used by the major television networks to broadcast their season's nightly programming. The term prime-time is often defined in terms of a fixed time period—for example, (in the United States), from 8:00 p.m. to 11:00 p.m. (Eastern and Pacific Time) or 7:00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m. (Central and Mountain Time). In India and some Middle Eastern countries, prime time consists of programmes that are aired on television between 8:00 p.m. and 10:00 p.m. local time.
Dale Lewis (wrestler)
Dale Folsom Lewis (August 29, 1933 – August 30, 1997) was an American wrestler who competed in the Greco-Roman heavyweight division at the 1956 and 1960 Summer Olympics and later a professional wrestler. He won the 1959 Pan-American Games in Greco-Roman wrestling. Lewis was also a two-time NCAA wrestling champion at Oklahoma.

After graduating from college he became a professional wrestler from 1961 until 1980.

NWA Florida Heavyweight Championship
The NWA Florida Heavyweight Championship was a major title in Championship Wrestling from Florida and is now the major title in NWA Florida Wrestling Alliance. It started in 1937 and was abandoned in 1949. It was picked back up in 1966 by CWF and lasted until 1987 when the company was purchased by Jim Crockett Promotions. In 1988, the newly created Florida Championship Wrestling (FCW), soon renamed Pro Wrestling Federation (PWF), picked it back up in 1988 and it continued its lineage through NWA Florida, until they ceased operations in 2006. In 2009, Pro Wrestling Fusion revived the title until they left the NWA in 2011.  For several months in 2012, a new Championship Wrestling from Florida affiliated with the NWA, briefly reviving the title until NWA Florida Underground Wrestling took over the championship.
2006 Connecticut State Treasurer election
The 2006 Connecticut State Treasurer election took place on November 7, 2006, to elect the Connecticut State Treasurer. Incumbent Democratic State Treasurer Denise L. Nappier won re-election to a third term, defeating Republican nominee Linda Roberts.

Democratic Party of Connecticut
The Connecticut Democratic State Central Committee (CT Dems) is the affiliate of the Democratic Party in the state of Connecticut. Its chair is Roberto L. Alves.

It is the dominant party in the state. Connecticut Democrats control both chambers of the state legislature, all constitutional state offices, all five of Connecticut's seats in the United States House of Representatives, and both of its seats in the United States Senate.
Olga da Polga
Olga da Polga is a fictional guinea pig, who is the heroine of a BBC television series for CBeebies and a series of books for children.

The books were written by Michael Bond and published between 1971 and 2002. Unlike Bond's more famous character, Paddington Bear, Olga is a teller of tall tales in the style of Baron Munchausen. The typical plot of each story is that something fairly ordinary happens to Olga, and she gives her animal friends a wildly exaggerated version of events, subsequently revealed to be untrue by what the humans say.

Bond's books were memorably illustrated by Danish artist Hans Helweg, who was also well known for his "pulp fiction" covers for Pan paperbacks.  His illustrations are still strongly associated with Olga, although later editions have used different imagery including artwork by Catherine Rayner for Usborne.

Olga was named after the Bond family's real guinea pig. In 2014, Guardian journalist Michelle Pauli met Olga number six.

Catherine Rayner
Catherine Rayner (born 1982) is an Edinburgh-based British illustrator and writer of children's books. She was born in Harrogate and grew up in Boston Spa, later studying at Leeds College of Art and Edinburgh College of Art.

She won the Kate Greenaway Medal in 2009 for Harris Finds his Feet, and has been shortlisted in 2007, 2011, 2012, 2015.

In 2014, Norris, The Bear Who Shared  was named by The Sunday Times as one of the 100 Children's Modern Classics of the past ten years.
2012 Wimbledon Championships – Wheelchair women's doubles
Jiske Griffioen and Aniek van Koot defeated Lucy Shuker and Jordanne Whiley in the final, 6–1, 6–2 to win the ladies' doubles wheelchair tennis title at the 2012 Wimbledon Championships. Griffioen completed the career Grand Slam with the win.

Esther Vergeer and Sharon Walraven were the two-time defending champions, but did not play together. Vergeer partnered Marjolein Buis and Walraven partnered Annick Sevenans, but both pairs were defeated in the semifinals.

Jordanne Whiley
Jordanne Joyce Whiley MBE (born 11 June 1992) is a British retired wheelchair tennis player. Aged 14, she became Britain's youngest ever national women's singles champion in wheelchair tennis. She has osteogenesis imperfecta as does her father, Keith, who was also a Paralympian and won a bronze medal in 1984 in New York. As well as the 2015 US Open in wheelchair singles, Whiley has won 9 Grand Slam doubles titles, and she & Japanese Yui Kamiji are the fourth team in women's wheelchair doubles (as well as the most recent players) to complete the Calendar Year Grand Slam.
Whiley was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2015 Queens Birthday Honours list for services to wheelchair tennis.
Simon Thornham
Simon Thornham, DCL  was an English priest and academic in the 15th century.

Thornham was ordained in 1434. He was Master of Trinity Hall, Cambridge from 1453 to 1471.  He held livings at Weston Longville, Swannington, Stokesby and Hingham.

Weston Longville
Weston Longville is a civil parish in the English county of Norfolk, approximately 8 miles (13 km) north-west of Norwich.  Its name is derived from the Manor of Longaville in Normandy, France, which owned the local land in the 12th century.
It covers an area of 11.24 km2 (4.34 sq mi) and had a population of 303 in 127 households at the 2001 census, increasing to a population of 339 in 144 households at the 2011 Census.
For the purposes of local government, it falls within the district of Broadland.
Ronaldo Mulitalo
Ronaldo Mulitalo (born 17 November 1999) is a professional rugby league footballer who plays as a winger for the Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks in the National Rugby League (NRL). He has played for the United States, Samoa and New Zealand at an international level.

Wests Tigers
The Wests Tigers are an Australian rugby league football team, based in the Inner West of Sydney and South Western Sydney. The Tigers have competed in the National Rugby League (NRL) since being formed at the end of the 1999 NRL season as a joint-venture club between the Balmain Tigers and the Western Suburbs Magpies.

The Wests Tigers started playing in the 2000 NRL season and they won their maiden premiership in 2005. The club also won the final edition of the World Sevens in 2004. The club has only qualified for three finals series since their inception (2005, 2010 and 2011).

The Wests Tigers play home games at two grounds: Leichhardt Oval (the home ground of Balmain) and Campbelltown Stadium (the home ground of Western Suburbs). They are currently coached by Benji Marshall.

The interim CEO is currently Shaun Mielekamp.
E. Hanumantha Rao
Eshwar Hanumantha Rao (1930 – 21 January 2004) was an Indian wildlife photographer. Hanumantha Rao became one of the most highly sought after Indian wildlife photographers in post independence India and his photographs found place widely in printed materials. He was a fellow of the Royal Photographic Society and a recipient of numerous awards.

Rao was born in family that was in the textile business. In 1947 he bought a camera in Paris where he attended a Scouts Jamboree. He then began to take photographs, specializing in wildlife. His photographs were widely sought by publishing companies around the world earning royalty for his works. He noted that he was the first Indian to pay income tax as a photographer. He received an AFIAP in 1960, a Karnataka Rajyotsava Award in 1986, the Kodak award for excellence in 1987 and the Karnataka Lalita Kala Academy Award for 1997–98.  He was a Melvin Jones Fellow, and a member of wildlife committees.

Rajyotsava Prashasti
The Rajyotsava Prashasti or Rajyotsava Award is the second highest civilian honor given by the State of Karnataka in India which is conferred annually by the Karnataka Government on the occasion of the establishment of the state on 1 November, celebrated as the Kannada Rajyotsava.

The awards are presented in Bengaluru by the Chief Minister of Karnataka on 1 November of every year. Each award carries an amount of ₹100,000, a 20-gram gold medal and a citation. In addition to that, the government has in the past allotted commercial land to eligible awardees.
Radziejowski
Radziejowski is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Hieronim Radziejowski (1612–1667), exile who led the Swedish to Poland

Lucyna Radziejowska (1899–1944), Polish teacher known for lending aid to Jews during World War II

Michał Stefan Radziejowski (1645–1705), cardinal

Stanisław Radziejowski (1575–1637), politician

Lucyna Radziejowska
Lucyna Władysława Radziejowska (24 June 1899 – 20 March 1944) was a Polish teacher known for lending aid to Jews during World War II. For this she was arrested by the Germans and murdered in the Auschwitz concentration camp.
John C. Tune Airport
John C. Tune Airport (ICAO: KJWN, FAA LID: JWN) is a public airport located in the western portion of the city of Nashville in Davidson County, Tennessee, United States.  It is owned by the Metropolitan Nashville Airport Authority, located approximately one mile (1.6 km) off of Briley Parkway in the Cockrill Bend area. It is a Class D airport.

Although most U.S. airports use the same three-letter location identifier for the FAA and IATA, John C. Tune Airport is assigned JWN by the FAA but has no designation from the IATA.

Davidson County, Tennessee
Davidson County is a county in the U.S. state of Tennessee. It is located in the central part of the region of Middle Tennessee. As of the 2020 census, the population was 715,884, making it the second most populous county in Tennessee. Its county seat is Nashville, the state capital and most populous city.

Since 1963, the city of Nashville and Davidson County have had a consolidated government called the "Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County", commonly referred to as "Metro Nashville" or "Metro". This is distinct from the larger metropolitan area.

Davidson County has the largest population in the 13-county Nashville metropolitan area, the state's most populous metropolitan area. Nashville has always been one of the region's centers of commerce, industry, transportation, and culture, but it did not become the capital of Tennessee until 1827 and did not gain permanent capital status until 1843.
Te Sun Han
Te Sun Han (born 1941, Kiryū) is a Korean Japanese information theorist and winner of the 2010 Shannon Award. He is a Professor emeritus of The University of Electro-Communications. He has made significant contributions concerning the interference channel  and information spectrum methods. Some of his work  contributed to initial descriptions of the entropy cone. In 1990, he was elected an IEEE Fellow for contributions to the theory of multiuser information systems and distributed signal detection systems.

Kiryū, Gunma
Kiryū (桐生市, Kiryū-shi) is a city located in Gunma Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 July 2020, the city had an estimated population of 108,991 in 49,745 households, and a population density of 400 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 274.45 square kilometres (105.97 sq mi).
Ana Lisa Hedstrom
Ana Lisa Hedstrom (born 1943, Detroit) is an American fiber artist. She is best known for incorporating traditional Japanese shibori into her work. She attended Mills College. She continued her studies at Kyoto City University of Arts. Hedstrom learned the traditional dyeing technique of shibori from Yoshiko Iwamoto Wada at a workshop at the Fiberworks Center for the Textile Arts.

Her work is in the collection of the Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum, the Museum of Arts and Design, the Oakland Museum of California.

In 2003 Hedstrom was named a fellow of the American Craft Council.

Museum of Arts and Design
The Museum of Arts and Design (MAD), based in Manhattan, New York City, collects, displays, and interprets objects that document contemporary and historic innovation in craft, art, and design. In its exhibitions and educational programs, the museum celebrates the creative process through which materials are crafted into works that enhance contemporary life.
John Clark (Minnesota politician)
John Clark (c. 1825–1904) was a State Senator from Windom, Minnesota.  He served in the Minnesota State Senate  from 1887 to 1890 in the 8th district serving Watonwan and Cottonwood counties.  He was preceded in his position by George Knudson and succeeded by Eric Sevatson.  He also served in the Massachusetts General Court in 1864.  He was born in Unity, New Hampshire in 1825.  He received an elementary education.  In addition to his work in the state legislature, he served on the Cottonwood County Board of Commissioners and as President of the Village Board in Windom.  He died in 1904.

Windom, Minnesota
Windom is a city in and the county seat of Cottonwood County, Minnesota, United States.  The population was 4,798 at the 2020 census.  It is the county seat of Cottonwood County and is situated in the Coteau des Prairies.

Although a mostly small, rural farming community, Windom is host to several parks including a disc golf course at Mayflower Park.  The Des Moines River flows through Windom and serves as a gentle, rapid-free canoeing spot.
Queen clip
In beekeeping, a queen clip is a small spring-loaded metal or plastic clamshell-shaped clip designed to pick up or contain a queen bee. It has slits in its sides that worker bees can pass through to attend to the queen's needs or to receive queen substance, but the queen bee cannot pass through.

When empty, it can be clipped onto some convenient place, such as the edge of the beekeeper's lapel.

The queen clip is completely different from the queen mailing and introduction cage which, as the name implies, is employed by queen breeders to mail each single queen to their customer. 
The customer then uses it to introduce the queen into a hive. The mailing cage has room for the queen and a few escort nurse bees, and some candied honey covering the exit. The hive's worker bees consume the candied honey over a period of a few days to release the queen.

Queen bee
A queen bee is typically an adult, mated female (gyne) that lives in a colony or hive of honey bees. With fully developed reproductive organs, the queen is usually the mother of most, if not all, of the bees in the beehive. Queens are developed from larvae selected by worker bees and specially fed in order to become sexually mature. There is normally only one adult, mated queen in a hive, in which case the bees will usually follow and fiercely protect her.

The term "queen bee" can be more generally applied to any dominant reproductive female in a colony of a eusocial bee species other than honey bees. However, as in the Brazilian stingless bee (Schwarziana quadripunctata), a single nest may have multiple queens or even dwarf queens, ready to replace a dominant queen in case of a sudden death.