hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
West Hampstead tube station
West Hampstead is a London Underground station in West Hampstead, London. It is located on West End Lane between Broadhurst Gardens and Blackburn Road, and is in London fare zone 2. The station is on the Jubilee line, between Kilburn and Finchley Road stations. It is 100 m (110 yd) from West Hampstead station on the London Overground's Mildmay line and 200 m (220 yd) from West Hampstead Thameslink station. Metropolitan line trains also pass through the station, but do not stop.

London Overground
The London Overground  (also known simply as the Overground) is a suburban rail network serving London and its environs. Established in 2007 to take over Silverlink Metro routes, it now serves a large part of Greater London as well as Hertfordshire, with 113 stations on the six lines that make up the network.

The Overground forms part of the United Kingdom's National Rail network but it is under the concession control and branding of Transport for London (TfL). Operation has been contracted to Arriva Rail London since 2016. TfL previously assigned orange as a mode-specific colour for the Overground in branding and publicity including the roundel, on the Tube map, trains and stations.

In 2024, each of the six Overground lines was given a distinct colour and name: Lioness (yellow), Mildmay (blue), Windrush (red), Weaver (purple), Suffragette (green), and Liberty (grey).
Indian heat wave
Indian heat wave can refer to a number of major heat waves that have occurred in India:

2002 Indian heat wave, major heat wave concentrated in Andhra Pradesh

2007 Asian heat wave, heat wave in India and other Asian countries

2015 Indian heat wave, heat wave which impacted most of the country

2016 Indian heat wave, heat wave in India impacting 330 million people

2019 India–Pakistan heat wave, heat wave in India and Pakistan

2022 India–Pakistan heat wave, heat wave in India and neighboring countries

2023 Asia heat wave, heat wave in India and other Asian countries

2024 Indian heat wave, heat wave in India

2025 India–Pakistan heat wave, severe heatwave in India and Pakistan

2007 Asian heat wave
The 2007 Asian heat wave affected the South Asian countries of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Nepal, as well as Russia, Japan and the People's Republic of China.  The heat wave ran during the months of May and June, which continued to September in Japan.
Shoregate Towers
Shoregate Towers is an apartment complex formerly owned by K&D Group located in Willowick, Ohio, United States. Shoregate Towers consists of two towers, The West Building and the East Building. The East Building has a business center and the West Building houses the management company's office. Each building is 12 stories high.

Shoregate Towers offers a range of amenities for its residents, including a fitness center, a swimming pool, and parking facilities. The building is designed to provide modern comforts and luxurious living spaces. It features both residential and commercial units.

Willowick, Ohio
Willowick is a city in Lake County, Ohio, United States, on Lake Erie. The population was 14,204 at the 2020 census. A suburb of Cleveland, Willowick is served by a branch of the Willoughby-Eastlake Public Library. The city's name is a portmanteau of two adjacent cities, Willoughby and Wickliffe. As of 2022, the mayor of Willowick is Michael Vanni.
Superfest
Superfest, also called CV-Glas or Ceverit until 1980, was a brand of drinking glasses in the GDR. Due to being made of chemically strengthened glass, they were notably strong. The Superfest glasses were produced between 1980 and 1990 in what was then state-owned Sachsenglas Schwepnitz.

The GDR regarded the product as a key potential export and gave it priority for development. However, foreign sales were not secured, as potential buyers regarded the idea of long-life glassware as detrimental to their ability to sell replacements. As state employees in a state owned industry, the inventors did not receive significant financial rewards or royalties, but were honoured for their achievements.

Around 120 million glasses were sold by the end of production in 1990, mostly to food and drink establishments within the GDR. Designs included many glass sizes and ice cream cups.

Toughness
In materials science and metallurgy, toughness is the ability of a material to absorb energy and plastically deform without fracturing. Toughness is the strength with which the material opposes rupture. One definition of material toughness is the amount of energy per unit volume that a material can absorb before rupturing. This measure of toughness is different from that used for fracture toughness, which describes the capacity of materials to resist fracture.
Toughness requires a balance of strength and ductility.
Lewisham London Borough Council elections
Lewisham London Borough Council is the local authority for the London Borough of Lewisham, in London, United Kingdom. Elections are held every four years using a plurality bloc vote electoral system for the councillors and the supplementary vote electoral system for the elected mayor.

Lewisham London Borough Council
Lewisham London Borough Council, also known as Lewisham Council, is the local authority for the London Borough of Lewisham in Greater London, England. The council has been under Labour majority control since 2010. It has been led by a directly elected mayor since 2002. The council meets at Lewisham Town Hall in the Catford area of the borough.
Povalirazh
Povalirazh (Bulgarian: Повалиръж [povaˈliˌrɤʃ]) is a small village in Slivnitsa Municipality, Sofia Province, located in western Bulgaria approximately 15 km south-west of the town of Slivnitsa. The village's name was first attested in 1576. It is a formation of the imperative povalí ("bring down") and the common noun razh ("rye"), i.e. semantically "a place where rye is grown".

Sofia Province
42°40′N 23°40′E﻿ / ﻿42.667°N 23.667°E﻿ / 42.667; 23.667

Sofia Province (Bulgarian: Софийска област, romanized: Sofiyska oblast) is a province (oblast) of Bulgaria. The province does not include Sofia in its territories, but Sofia remains the seat of its administration. The province borders on the provinces of Pernik, Kyustendil, Blagoevgrad, Pazardzhik, Plovdiv, Lovech, Vratsa, Montana, and Sofia City (which is in a separate oblast, see Sofia Administration), and borders with Serbia to the northwest.
Joshua Lewinsohn
Joshua Lewinsohn was a Russian teacher and writer.  He was born in 1833 at Vyeshiuti, in the Kovno region. He received his Talmudical education at Zhagory, in the house of his uncle Simon Hurvitz, and graduated in 1865 from the Gymnasium of Mitau, remaining there until 1874, when he was appointed inspector of the Jewish school at Tukum, Courland. His first articles in Hebrew appeared in "Ha-Maggid" in 1857; he contributed extensively to that paper and to Ha-Melitz, Ha-Shachar, and other Hebrew periodicals. He was also for many years a contributor to the German Rigasche Zeitung.

Lewinsohn published: Eretz Russia u-Melo'ah (Wilna, 1868), a geography and topography of Russia; Toledot Anshe Shem be-Yisrael, biographies of about fifty Jewish authors; and "Toledot Sechar ha-Yehudim" (in Ha-Shachar), a history of Jewish commerce. He also wrote numerous articles on Jewish history which appeared in various periodicals.

Courland
Courland is one of the Historical Latvian Lands in western Latvia. Courland's largest city is Liepāja, which is the third largest city in Latvia.

The literal meaning of the name is "Land of Curonians".
Coldwater Creek (Missouri river tributary)
Coldwater Creek (also Cold Water Creek) is a 19-mile tributary of the Missouri River in north St. Louis County in the U.S. state of Missouri. It is known to be contaminated with radioactive wastes several miles upstream of its northern mouth.

Bridgeton, Missouri
Bridgeton is a second-ring suburb of Greater St. Louis in northwestern St. Louis County, Missouri, United States.  Bridgeton is located at the intersection of the St. Louis outer belt and I-70. Bridgeton serves as the primary transport hub within Greater St. Louis. The population at the 2020 census was 11,445. Portions of St. Louis Lambert International Airport are within Bridgeton. The town is featured in the documentary Atomic Homefront, which covers the effects of radioactive waste stored in the nearby West Lake Landfill site.
Miss Kazakhstan
Miss Kazakhstan (Kazakh: Мисс Қазақстан), also known as Miss Qazaqstan, is a national beauty pageant in Kazakhstan. The pageant was founded in 1997, where the winners were sent to Miss Universe, Miss World, and Miss Grand International began 2025.

Miss Grand International
Miss Grand International, also known as Miss Grand, is an international beauty pageant franchise that is based in Thailand. It consists of the annual national pageant Miss Grand Thailand, as well as the international competition Miss Grand International, to which participating rights are licensed to organizers in other countries. The franchise has been owned and run by a Thai stock exchange-listed company with the same name, also known as MGI PCL, since its inception in 2013, with Nawat Itsaragrisil as the president.

The current Miss Grand International is Emma Mary Tiglao of the Philippines. Her title marked the first back-to-back victory in Miss Grand International history.
Sam Kee Laundry Building
The Sam Kee Laundry Building, also known as the Pfeiffer Building, is a historic building located at 1245 Main St. in Napa, California. Built in 1875, the building is the oldest stone building and commercial building in Napa. The building has a generally simple design topped by a decorative Italianate cornice. As of 1880, the building was part of a brewery, which may have been the first brewery in Napa; it has since housed a boarding house, a saloon, and a laundry. The building currently houses the Vintner's Collective, a wine tasting bar.

The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 1, 1974.

The building was damaged by the 2014 South Napa earthquake. It was reopened in January 2015, and as of August 2015 continued to undergo restoration of its exterior.

Wine tasting
Wine tasting is the sensory examination and evaluation of wine. While the practice of wine tasting is as ancient as its production, a more formalized methodology has slowly become established from the 14th century onward. Modern, professional wine tasters (such as sommeliers or buyers for retailers) use a constantly evolving specialized terminology which is used to describe the range of perceived flavors, aromas and general characteristics of a wine. More informal, recreational tasting may use similar terminology, usually involving a much less analytical process for a more general, personal appreciation.

Results that have surfaced through scientific blind wine tasting suggest the unreliability of wine tasting in both experts and consumers, such as inconsistency in identifying wines based on region and price.
Sweet Mama (film)
Sweet Mama  is a 1930 American pre-Code talkie comedy drama film with songs, which was directed by Edward F. Cline and produced and distributed by First National Pictures. The film stars Alice White, David Manners, Kenneth Thomson and Rita Flynn. Planned as a full-scale musical, and released as such for a short time in the summer of 1930, most of the songs were cut from general release prints by the autumn of 1930 due to the public's aversion for musicals.

First National Pictures
First National Pictures was an American motion picture production and distribution company. It was founded in 1917 as First National Exhibitors' Circuit, Inc., an association of independent theatre owners in the United States, and became the country's largest theater chain. Expanding from exhibiting movies to distributing them, the company reincorporated in 1919 as Associated First National Theatres, Inc., and Associated First National Pictures, Inc. In 1924 it expanded to become a motion picture production company as First National Pictures, Inc., and became an important studio in the film industry. In September 1928, control of First National passed to Warner Bros., into which it was completely absorbed on November 4, 1929. A number of Warner Bros. films were thereafter branded First National Pictures until July 1936, when First National Pictures, Inc., was dissolved.
Zegelsem
Zegelsem is a village in the municipality of Brakel in the province of East Flanders, Belgium. Zegelsem is an agricultural community in the Flemish Ardennes. It is located about 26 kilometres (16 mi) south of Ghent.

East Flanders
East Flanders (Dutch: Oost-Vlaanderen [ˌoːst ˈflaːndərə(n)] ⓘ; French: Flandre-Orientale [flɑ̃dʁ ɔʁjɑ̃tal] ⓘ; German: Ostflandern [ˈɔstˌflandɐn] ⓘ; West Flemish: Ôost-Vloandern) is a province of Belgium. It borders (clockwise from the North) the Dutch province of Zeeland and the Belgian provinces of Antwerp, Flemish Brabant, Hainaut and West Flanders. It has an area of 3,007 km2 (1,161 sq mi), divided into six administrative districts containing 60 municipalities, and a population of over 1.57 million as of January 2024. The capital is Ghent, home to the Ghent University and the Port of Ghent.
Time in the Bahamas
The Bahamas observes Eastern Standard Time Zone (UTC−5) as standard time, and Eastern Daylight Time (UTC−4) as daylight saving time (DST). DST is observed annually from the second Sunday in March to the first Sunday in November.

UTC−04:00
UTC−04:00 is an identifier for a time offset from UTC of −04:00.

It is observed in the Eastern Time Zone (e.g., in Canada and the United States) during daylight saving time, as Eastern Daylight Time. The Atlantic Time Zone observes it during standard time.

It is observed all year in the Eastern Caribbean and several South American countries.
Abdullah al-Muhaysini
Abdullah al-Muhaysini (Arabic: عَبْد ٱللَّٰه ٱلمُحَيْسِنِي, romanized: ʿAbdallāh al-Muḥaysinī), is a Saudi Arabian Salafi cleric who is known for having served as a religious judge in the Army of Conquest in the Syrian Civil War.

Saudis
Saudis (Arabic: سعوديُّون, romanized: suʿūdiyyūn; local dialects: سعوديين, suʿūdiyyīn) or Saudi Arabians are the citizen population of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, who speak the Arabic language, a Central Semitic language, and share a common ancestry, history, and culture. They are mainly composed of Arabs and live in the five historical Regions: Najd, Hejaz, Asir, Tihamah and Al-Ahsa; the regions which the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was founded on or what was formerly known as the Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd in the Arabian Peninsula. Saudis speak one of the dialects of Peninsular Arabic, including the Hejazi, Najdi, Gulf and Southern dialects (e.g. Bareqi), or South Arabian languages (e.g. Faifi) as a mother tongue.
Bernard McNally (rugby league)
Bernard McNally (birth unknown) is a Welsh former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1950s. He played at representative level for Wales and Combined Nationalities, and at club level for Rochdale Hornets, as a second-row.

Rochdale Hornets
The Rochdale Hornets are a professional rugby league club from Rochdale, Greater Manchester, England, competing in the Championship, the second tier of British rugby league. The Rochdale Hornets are one of the original twenty-two rugby clubs that formed the Northern Rugby Football Union in 1895, making them one of the world's first rugby league clubs. Their main local rivals are Oldham, Salford Red Devils, Swinton Lions, Halifax and the Huddersfield Giants.
Carnival Liberty
Carnival Liberty is a Conquest-class cruise ship operated by Carnival Cruise Line.  Built by Fincantieri at its Monfalcone shipyard in Friuli-Venezia Giulia, northern Italy, she was christened by actress Mira Sorvino in Civitavecchia, Italy, on July 19, 2005. Carnival Liberty was the first ship to feature Carnival's Seaside Theater—a 12-foot (3.7 m) high by 22-foot (6.7 m) wide LED screen. Located by the midship pool on the Lido deck, it is used to show movies, sporting events, concerts and other ship programming.

Mira Sorvino
Mira Katherine Sorvino (/ˈmiːrə sɔːrˈviːnoʊ/; born (1967-09-28)September 28, 1967) is an American actress. She rose to stardom with her performance as a prostitute in the comedy film Mighty Aphrodite (1995), which won her both an Academy Award and a Golden Globe for Best Supporting Actress.

Sorvino also starred in the films Romy and Michele's High School Reunion (1997), Mimic (1997), Lulu on the Bridge (1998), The Replacement Killers (1998), Summer of Sam (1999), Gods and Generals (2003), Like Dandelion Dust (2009), and Sound of Freedom (2023). For her work in television, she was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series or Movie for her portrayal of Marilyn Monroe in Norma Jean & Marilyn (1996) and nominated twice for a Golden Globe for Best Actress – Miniseries or Television Film for her performance as Detective Kate Morozov and for her leading role in Human Trafficking (2005).
Crithmum
Crithmum is a monospecific genus of flowering plant in the carrot family, Apiaceae. The sole species, Crithmum maritimum, is commonly known as  rock samphire, sea fennel or samphire. It is found in parts of the Old World and is edible.

Apiaceae
Apiaceae (/ˌeɪpiˈeɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/ ⓘ), also called Umbelliferae, is a family of mostly aromatic flowering plants named after the type genus Apium, and commonly known as the celery, carrot, or parsley family, or simply as umbellifers. It is the 16th-largest family of flowering plants, with more than 3,800 species in about 446 genera, including such well-known, and economically important plants as ajwain, angelica, anise, asafoetida, caraway, carrot, celery, chervil, coriander, cumin, dill, fennel, lovage, cow parsley, parsley, parsnip and sea holly, as well as silphium, a plant whose exact identity is unclear and which may be extinct.

The family Apiaceae includes a significant number of phototoxic species, such as giant hogweed, and a smaller number of highly poisonous species, such as poison hemlock, water hemlock, spotted cowbane, fool's parsley, and various species of water dropwort.
Bob Ingalls
Donald Robert Ingalls (January 17, 1919 – April 8, 1970) was an American professional football player and coach. He played college football at the University of Michigan and was chosen by conference coaches as a second-team player on the Associated Press All-Big Ten Conference team in 1940. He was drafted by the Green Bay Packers in the 18th round of the 1942 NFL draft and played professionally in the National Football League (NFL) for the Packers for one season, in 1942. Ingalls was the head coach of the 1944 Lincoln Army Air Field Wings football team. He served as the head football coach at the University of Connecticut from 1952 to 1963, compiling a record of 49–54–3.

Ingalls died on April 8, 1970, at Windham Community Hospital in Willimantic, Connecticut.

1942 NFL draft
The 1942 NFL draft was held on December 22, 1941, at the Palmer House Hotel in Chicago. Two members of the draft class have been inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame, Bill Dudley, the first overall selection by the Pittsburgh Steelers, and Mac Speedie, 135th overall selection by the Detroit Lions. Additionally, one member of the draft class became a Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame college basketball coach, Ralph Miller. Miller was selected 167th pick overall by the Brooklyn Dodgers after successful careers at Kansas on the school's football and basketball teams.
Yuri Kivshar
Yuri S. Kivshar (born in Kharkiv, Ukrainian SSR, USSR), Australian physicist of Ukrainian origin, distinguished professor, head of Nonlinear Physics Centre of The Australian National University (ANU) (Canberra, Australia) and research director of The International Research Centre for Nanophotonics and Metamaterials (St. Petersburg, Russia), Australian Federation Fellow.

Soliton (optics)
In optics, the term soliton is used to refer to any optical field that does not change during propagation because of a delicate balance between nonlinear and dispersive effects in the medium. There are two main kinds of solitons:

spatial solitons: the nonlinear effect can balance the dispersion. The electromagnetic field can change the refractive index of the medium while propagating, thus creating a structure similar to a graded-index fiber. If the field is also a propagating mode of the guide it has created, then it will remain confined and it will propagate without changing its shape

temporal solitons: if the electromagnetic field is already spatially confined, it is possible to send pulses that will not change their shape because the nonlinear effects will balance the dispersion. Those solitons were discovered first and they are often simply referred as "solitons" in optics.
Oreung
Oreung (Korean: 오릉; Hanja: 五陵; lit. five tombs) is a complex of five Silla-era royal tombs in Gyeongju, South Korea. They are now a tourist attraction. They are part of the Gyeongju Historic Areas UNESCO World Heritage Site. On August 27, 1969, it was made Historic Site of South Korea No. 172.

The tombs are attested to in the historical text Samguk sagi as Sareung (사릉; 蛇陵; Sarŭng). It is not known with certainty who the tombs belong to, but they are believed to belong to the Silla founding monarch Hyeokgeose, his wife Lady Aryeong, Silla's second king Namhae, the third king Yuri, and the fifth king Pasa. The tombs are tumuli and vary in height. The tallest is 10 m (33 ft) tall, and the shortest is 1.8 m (5.9 ft). According to the Encyclopedia of Korean Culture, the tombs have yet to be excavated, so their internal structure is unknown.

Encyclopedia of Korean Culture
The Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (Korean: 한국민족문화대백과사전) is a Korean-language encyclopedia written by the Academy of Korean Studies and published by DongBang Media Co. It was originally published as physical books from 1991 to 2001. There is now an online version of the encyclopedia that continues to be updated.

It has been described as one of the most frequently used and extensive encyclopedias for Korean studies.
Nana Peth, Pune
Nana Peth is an area located in Pune City, in Maharashtra State of the Republic of India. The name is derived from the name of Nana Phadanvis. This area is famous for hospitals, temples, and dargah located in the center of the street and for the various automobile spare parts, battery, and tyre shops.

Nana Fadnavis
Nana Fadnavis (Pronunciation: [naːna pʰəɖɳəʋiːs, fəɖ-]; also Phadnavis and Furnuwees and abbreviated as Phadnis) (12 February 1742 – 13 March 1800), born Balaji Janardan Bhanu, was a Maratha minister and statesman during the Peshwa administration in Pune, India. James Grant Duff states that he was called "the Maratha Machiavelli" by the Europeans.
Solar eclipse of December 5, 2029
A partial solar eclipse will occur at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Wednesday, December 5, 2029, with a magnitude of 0.8911. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A partial solar eclipse occurs in the polar regions of the Earth when the center of the Moon's shadow misses the Earth.

This will be the last of four partial solar eclipses in 2029, with the others occurring on January 14, June 12, and July 11.

A partial eclipse will be visible for parts of extreme southern Chile and Argentina and much of Antarctica.

Magnitude of eclipse
The magnitude of eclipse is the fraction of the angular diameter of a celestial body being eclipsed. This applies to all celestial eclipses. The magnitude of a partial or annular solar eclipse is always between 0.0 and 1.0, while the magnitude of a total solar eclipse is always greater than or equal to 1.0, and has a theoretically maximum value of around 1.12.

This measure is strictly a ratio of diameters and should not be confused with the covered fraction of the apparent area (disk) of the eclipsed body. Neither should it be confused with the astronomical magnitude scale of apparent brightness.