hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nicholls House and Woolen Mill Site
Nicholls House and Woolen Mill Site is a historic home and mill site located near Wellsburg, Brooke County, West Virginia. The house was built in 1893, and is a 2+1⁄2-story, red-glazed brick building in the Second Empire style.  It has a tower and mansard roof.  It features a full front porch with Doric order columns in the Colonial Revival style.  The property also includes the site of a mill used for carding and manufacturing woolens dating to 1795.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.

Second Empire style
Second Empire style, also known as the Napoleon III style or Haussmann style, is a highly eclectic style of architecture and decorative arts originating in the Second French Empire. It was characterized by elements of many different historical styles, and also made innovative use of modern materials, such as iron frameworks and glass skylights. It flourished during the reign of Emperor Napoleon III (1852–1870) and had an important influence on architecture and decoration in the rest of Europe and North America. Major examples of the style include the Opéra Garnier (1862–1871) in Paris by Charles Garnier, the Institut National d'Histoire de l'Art, the Church of Saint Augustine (1860–1871), and the Philadelphia City Hall (1871–1901). The architectural style was closely connected with Haussmann's renovation of Paris carried out during the Second Empire; the new buildings, such as the Opéra, were intended as the focal points of the new boulevards.
A Night at the Chinese Opera
A Night at the Chinese Opera is an opera in three acts by Judith Weir, who also wrote the libretto. Aside from an earlier opera for children, this was Weir's first full-scale opera, written on commission from the BBC for performance by Kent Opera. Weir incorporated an early Chinese play of the Yuan dynasty, The Orphan of Zhao, as the centrepiece of Act 2 of her opera.

The work received its premiere on 8 July 1987 at the Everyman Theatre, Cheltenham, England. The Opera magazine critic noted that "few new operas have recently made so diverting a first impression as A Night at the Chinese Opera, partly on its intrinsic musico-dramatic merits, partly through the style of production".

The outer acts are fully scored for the chamber orchestra in 'closed-forms' such as aria, sextet, seven-part motet but the Yuan play is mostly scored for flute, lower strings and percussion.

The Orphan of Zhao
The Orphan of Zhao is a Chinese play from the Yuan dynasty, attributed to the 13th-century dramatist Ji Junxiang (紀君祥). The play has as its full name The Great Revenge of the Orphan of Zhao. The play is classified in the zaju genre of dramas. It is divided in six parts, comprising five acts (折 zhe) and a wedge (楔子 xiezi), which may be an interlude or — as it is in this case — a prologue. It contains both dialogue and songs.

The story of The Orphan of Zhao takes place during the Spring and Autumn period and revolves around the central theme of revenge. The protagonists are General Han Jue in the first act, the retired Minister Gongsun Chujiu (公孙杵臼) in the second and third act, and the Zhao orphan in the final two acts. The Orphan of Zhao was the first Chinese play to be known in Europe.
Circular surface
In mathematics and, in particular, differential geometry a circular surface is the image of a map ƒ : I × S1 → R3, where I ⊂ R is an open interval and S1 is the unit circle, defined by

where γ, u, v : I → R3 and r : I → R>0, when R>0 := { x ∈ R : x > 0 }. Moreover, it is usually assumed that u · u = v · v = 1 and u · v = 0, where dot denotes the canonical scalar product on R3, i.e. u and v are unit length and mutually perpendicular. The map γ : I → R3 is called the base curve for the circular surface and the two maps u, v : I → R3 are called the direction frame for the circular surface. For a fixed t0 ∈ I the image of ƒ(t0, θ) is called a generating circle of the circular surface.

Circular surfaces are an analogue of ruled surfaces. In the case of circular surfaces the generators are circles; called the generating circles. In the case of ruled surface the generators are straight lines; called rulings.

Unit vector
In mathematics, a unit vector in a normed vector space is a vector (often a spatial vector) of length 1. A unit vector is often denoted by a lowercase letter with a circumflex, or "hat", as in  (pronounced "v-hat"). The term normalized vector is sometimes used as a synonym for unit vector.

The normalized vector û of a non-zero vector u is the unit vector in the direction of u, i.e.,

where ‖u‖ is the norm (or length) of u and .

The proof is the following:

A unit vector is often used to represent directions, such as normal directions.
Unit vectors are often chosen to form the basis of a vector space, and every vector in the space may be written as a linear combination form of unit vectors.
Tumamoc Hill
Tumamoc Hill (O'odham: Cemamagĭ Doʼag Horned lizard mountain) is a butte located immediately west of "A" Mountain and downtown Tucson, Arizona. It is home to many radio, television, and public safety transmitters. The 860-acre ecological reserve and U.S. National Historic Landmark was established by the Carnegie Institution in 1903. The University of Arizona (UA) owns a 340-acre (1.4 km2) preserve and leases another 509 acres (2.06 km2) as a research and education facility.  The Steward Observatory maintains a small astronomical observatory with a 20-inch (510 mm) telescope on the hill. Besides being a prominent landmark, Tumamoc Hill has a long and varied history, and is currently an important site for ecological and anthropological research as well as a refuge and a recreational option for the people of Tucson. Part of the University of Arizona, the Desert Laboratory is located on Tumamoc.

Butte
In geomorphology, a butte (/bjuːt/ BEWT) is an isolated hill with steep, often vertical sides and a small, relatively flat top; buttes are smaller landforms than mesas, plateaus, and tablelands. The word butte comes from the French word butte (French: [byt]), meaning 'knoll' (of any size); its use is prevalent in the Western United States, including the Southwest, where mesa (Spanish for 'table') is used for the larger landform.

Due to their distinctive shapes, buttes are frequently landmarks in plains and mountainous areas. To differentiate the two landforms, geographers use the rule of thumb that a mesa has a top that is wider than its height, while a butte has a top that is narrower than its height.
Linamarase
Linamarase, or beta-D-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21), is an enzyme found in many plants including cassava and the butter bean.

In cassava it is found in the cell walls.  When the plant is chewed or ground, it exposes the enzyme to compounds like linamarin and lotaustralin which release cyanide compounds that can be lethal to the eater.  In humans, chronic toxicity is more likely than death.

This action of the enzyme is used by many cultures to process cassava into an edible substance. The enzyme converts the cyanide containing compounds into acetone cyanohydrin, which spontaneously decomposes to hydrogen cyanide (HCN).  The HCN then either dissolves readily in water or is released into the air.  Not all cyanide can be removed during processing.

Linamarase can be inhibited by low pH via a dilute acid.

Hydrogen cyanide
Hydrogen cyanide (also called prussic acid) is a chemical compound with the formula HCN and structural formula H−C≡N. It is a highly toxic and flammable liquid that boils slightly above room temperature, at 25.6 °C (78.1 °F). HCN is produced on an industrial scale and is a highly valued precursor to many chemical compounds ranging from polymers to pharmaceuticals. Large-scale applications are for the production of potassium cyanide and adiponitrile, used in mining and plastics, respectively. It is more toxic than solid cyanide compounds due to its volatile nature. A solution of hydrogen cyanide in water, represented as HCN(aq), is called hydrocyanic acid. The salts of the cyanide anion are known as cyanides.

Whether hydrogen cyanide is an organic compound or not is a topic of debate among chemists. It is traditionally considered inorganic, but can also be considered a nitrile, giving rise to its alternative names of methanenitrile and formonitrile.
Beverly Daggett
Beverly Estelle Daggett (née Clark; September 9, 1945 – September 6, 2015) was a Maine politician. Daggett, a Democrat, represented the state capital Augusta in the Maine House of Representatives for five terms (1986–1996) before being elected to the Maine State Senate in 1996. She served in the Senate from 1996 to 2004. In 2002, she was elected the 111th President of the Maine Senate. She was the first woman to serve as Senate President.

In 1996, Daggett received a donated kidney from her mother. In 2008, it was reported that she needed another kidney and was receiving dialysis treatment.  Daggett died in Lewiston on September 6, 2015. She was serving as a commissioner of Kennebec County at the time of her death.

Maine Democratic Party
The Maine Democratic Party is the affiliate of the Democratic Party in the U.S. state of Maine.

After the Civil War, Democrats were a minor player in a political scene dominated by the Republican Party. However, during the 1950s, Edmund Muskie led an expansive political insurgency culminating in his election as Governor of Maine and successive Democratic elections to both state and national offices.

It is currently the state's favored party, controlling both houses of the state legislature, governorship, and both of Maine's U.S. House seats. One of Maine's U.S. Senate seats is currently held by Angus King, an Independent who caucuses with the Democrats.
Stig Brenner
Stig Joar Haugen (born August 2, 1990, in Hamar, Norway), known professionally as Unge Ferrari and Stig Brenner, is a Norwegian rapper, singer, and songwriter. Haugen debuted in 2015 with the EP Til mine venner. It featured the breakthrough singles "Lianer" and "Hvis du vil" with Tomine Harket, and was nominated for Spellemannprisen in the "Urban" category as well as for P3 Gull 2015 in the Newcomer of the Year category.

In 2018 he released the album Midt imellom magisk og manisk, which debuted with atop the Norwegian VG-lista albums chart. For the album, he was nominated for two awards ahead of Spellemannprisen 2018: Songwriter of the Year and Album of the Year. He was also nominated for P3 Gull 2018 in the Live Artist of the Year category.

VG-lista
VG-lista is the primary Norwegian record chart, charting albums and singles from Norwegian and international artists. It is presented weekly in the newspaper VG. The data is collected by Nielsen Soundscan International and based on the sales in approximately 100 shops in Norway. The singles chart started as a top 10 chart in week 42 of 1958 and was expanded to a top 20 chart in week 5 of 1995, the same time as the albums chart, which started as a top 20 chart in week 1 of 1967, was expanded to a top 40 chart. It expanded even further into a top 100 chart in week 14 of 2025.
A Long Fatal Love Chase
A Long Fatal Love Chase is a 1866 novel by Louisa May Alcott published posthumously in 1995. Two years before the publication of Little Women, Alcott uncharacteristically experimented with the style of the thriller and submitted the result, A Long Fatal Love Chase, to her publisher. The manuscript was rejected, and it remained unpublished before being bought, restored and published to acclaim in 1995.

Potboiler
A potboiler or pot-boiler is a novel, play, opera, film, or other creative work of low quality whose main purpose is to pay for the creator's daily expenses—thus the imagery of "boil the pot", which means "to provide one's livelihood." Authors who create potboiler novels or screenplays are sometimes called hack writers or hacks. Novels deemed to be potboilers may also be called pulp fiction, and potboiler films may be called "popcorn movies".
St Giles's Pound
St Giles's Pound was a cattle pound at St Giles Circus in central London in the 17th and 18th centuries, at the intersection of the roads from Hampstead and from Oxford. It became a point from which distances to London were measured.

The pound was located in the parish of St Giles-in-the-Fields, close to the boundary with St Anne, Westminster. It was originally located in the middle of St Giles High Street, but was moved in 1656 to the corner of Tottenham Court Road, Oxford Street and St Giles High Street. It was removed in 1765.

It is mentioned in the old song Jack Chance: "On Newgate steps Jack Chance was found, and bred up near St Giles's Pound."

St Anne Within the Liberty of Westminster
St Anne Within the Liberty of Westminster, also known as St Anne Soho, was a civil parish in the county of Middlesex, later part of the new County of London, England.

The parish was formed in 1687 from part of the ancient parish of St Martin in the Fields in the Liberty of Westminster. It included the eastern section of the contemporary districts of Soho to the north of Shaftesbury Avenue and Chinatown to the south of it. 
The creation of the parish accompanied the building of St Anne's Church, Soho, to meet the demands of a growing population. 
Initially controlled by a select vestry, the parish was governed by an open vestry of all inhabitants until 1855, when the vestry was superseded for most purposes by the Strand District Board of Works. In 1889 the parish became part of the County of London, and in 1900 the local authority became Westminster City Council.

St Anne Soho continued to exist as a civil parish until 1922.
Lydia (play)
Lydia is a magical realist drama by Latino-American playwright Octavio Solis. The play first premiered in the Space Theatre at the Denver Center for the Performing Arts on January 24, 2008. The production was directed by Juliette Carrillo. The play is partially inspired by Octavio Solis's own experiences growing up in El Paso, Texas. It explores the experience of a Mexican-American family living on the Texas–Mexico border, trying to live out their own version of the American Dream amidst the aftermath of an accident that changes all of their lives.

Octavio Solis
Octavio Solis (born 1958) is an American playwright and director whose plays have been produced at theaters and small companies across the United States. He has written over 25 plays, including his most famous works: Lydia, Santos & Santos and Man of the Flesh. His works have earned numerous awards and grants.
Stibnite Mining District
The Stibnite Mining District, commonly referred to simply as Stibnite, is one of the most historic mining districts in the U.S. state of Idaho. It is located in the mountains of Valley County, Idaho, approximately 10 miles (16 km) outside of Yellow Pine and 39 miles (63 km) east of McCall. The site is rich with minerals, including gold, silver, antimony (found naturally within stibnite, for which the region is named) and tungsten. Over the last hundred years, it has been home to thousands of miners, operated by several different mining companies and was critical to the U.S. war effort in the 1940s and 1950s. Mining activity stopped in the late 1990s. Since 2009, a private company has conducted exploration in the area in consideration of new mining activity.

An area of 2,828 acres (1,144 ha) within the Payette National Forest was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 19, 1987, as the Stibnite Historic District.

Antimony
Antimony is a chemical element with the symbol Sb (from Latin  stibium) and atomic number 51. A lustrous grey metal or metalloid, it occurs in nature mainly in the form of the sulfide mineral stibnite (Sb2S3). Antimony compounds have been known since ancient times and were powdered for use as medicine and cosmetics, often known by the Arabic name kohl.

China is the largest producer of antimony and its compounds, with most production coming from the Xikuangshan Mine in Hunan. The industrial methods for refining antimony from stibnite are roasting followed by reduction with carbon, or direct reduction of stibnite with iron.

The most common applications for metallic antimony are in alloys with lead and tin, which have improved properties for solders, bullets, and plain bearings. It improves the rigidity of lead-alloy plates in lead–acid batteries. Antimony trioxide is a prominent additive for halogen-containing flame retardants. Antimony is used as a dopant in semiconductor devices.
Japanese destroyer Kaya (1944)
Kaya (榧; "torreya nucifera") was one of 18 Matsu-class escort destroyers built for the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) during World War II. Completed in late 1944, the ship began convoy escort duties in October. She was slightly damaged by American aircraft while escorting cruisers on a bombardment mission in the Philippines during Operation Rei in December. Kaya spent the rest of the war escorting convoys and capital ships after repairs.

The ship was surrendered to the Allies at the end of the war and used to repatriate Japanese troops until 1947. Mid-year the destroyer was turned over to the Soviet Union and was commissioned that same year. She was renamed Volevoy (Волевой (Willful)) later that month. When the ship was converted into a target ship in 1949, she was renamed TsL-23. The vessel was hulked in 1958 and ordered to be scrapped the following year.

Target ship
A target ship is a vessel — typically an obsolete or captured warship — used as a seaborne target for naval gunnery practice or for weapons testing. Targets may be used with the intention of testing effectiveness of specific types of ammunition; or the target ship may be used for an extended period of routine target practice with specialized non-explosive ammunition. The potential consequences of a drifting wreck require careful preparation of the target ship to prevent pollution, or a floating or submerged collision risk for maritime navigation.
The Quittin' Kind
"The Quittin' Kind" is a song recorded by American country music artist Joe Diffie.  It was released in September 1999 as the second single from the album A Night to Remember.  The song reached #21 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.  The song was written by Phil Barnhart, Sam Hogin and Mark D. Sanders.

Sam Hogin
Samuel Harper Hogin (March 6, 1950 – August 9, 2004) was an American country music songwriter. Hogin was nominated for the Country Music Association's Song of the Year award in 1981 for "I Believe in You" (co-written with Roger Cook) and in 1998 for "A Broken Wing" (co-written with James House and Phil Barnhart).
Shahid Wasif
Shahid Wasif (born 15 May 1997) is a Pakistani-born Hong Kong cricketer. He is a right-handed batsman and right-arm off break bowler. He made his Twenty20 International (T20I) debut against Ireland on 5 September 2016. He made his One Day International (ODI) debut against Scotland on 8 September 2016.

In December 2018, he was named in Hong Kong's team for the 2018 ACC Emerging Teams Asia Cup. In April 2019, he was named in Hong Kong's squad for the 2019 ICC World Cricket League Division Two tournament in Namibia. In September 2019, he was named in Hong Kong's squad for the 2019 ICC T20 World Cup Qualifier tournament in the United Arab Emirates. In November 2019, he was named in Hong Kong's squad for the 2019 ACC Emerging Teams Asia Cup in Bangladesh and for the Cricket World Cup Challenge League B tournament in Oman.

2018 ACC Emerging Teams Asia Cup
The 2018 ACC Emerging Teams Asia Cup was the third edition of the ACC Emerging Teams Asia Cup held in Karachi, Pakistan and Colombo, Sri Lanka. Eight teams participated in the tournament including five under-23 age level teams of Test nations and top three teams from the 2018 Asia Cup Qualifier. This tournament was organized by the Asian Cricket Council (ACC). Initially, Pakistan was the sole host for the tournament but India and BCCI refused to send Indian players to Pakistan. Following the increasing political tensions between India and Pakistan, the ACC announced that Sri Lanka would be the co-host whilst India's matches and knockout stage will be played there. The U-23 teams from India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Pakistan qualified for the semi-finals. Sri Lanka's U-23 defeated India U-23 by 3 runs in the final to win the tournament.
Al-'Amrah
Al-'Amrah (Arabic: العامرة al-‘āmrah) is a Syrian village located in Al-Ziyarah Subdistrict in Al-Suqaylabiyah District, Hama. According to the Syrian Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), the village had a population of 575 in the 2004 census.

Hama Governorate
Hama Governorate (Arabic: مُحافظة حماة Muḥāfaẓat Ḥamā) is one of the fourteen governorates of Syria. It is situated in western-central Syria, bordering Idlib and Aleppo Governorates to the north, Raqqa Governorate to the east, Homs Governorate to the south, and Tartus and Latakia Governorate to the west. It is the only Governorate (excluding Damascus) that does not border a foreign country. Measures of its area vary from 8,844 km2 to 8,883 km2, with its capital being the city of Hama, also notably being the only Governorate with no land borders with any foreign countries.
Jesse Tyler Ferguson
Jesse Tyler Ferguson (born October 22, 1975) is an American actor. From 2009 to 2020, he portrayed Mitchell Pritchett on the sitcom Modern Family, for which he earned five consecutive nominations for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series.

He is also known for his theatrical work, winning a Tony Award in 2022 for Best Featured Actor in a Play for Take Me Out, and originating the role of Leaf Coneybear in the original Broadway cast of The 25th Annual Putnam County Spelling Bee in 2006.

Ferguson made his Broadway debut in On the Town (1998), He has appeared in numerous productions of Shakespeare in the Park, acting in A Midsummer Night's Dream (2007), A Winter's Tale (2010), The Merchant of Venice (2010), The Tempest (2015), and Twelfth Night; or What You Will (2025).

In 2016, he starred on Broadway in Fully Committed, for which he won the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Solo Performance.

Twelfth Night
Twelfth Night, or What You Will is a romantic comedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written around 1601–1602 as a Twelfth Night entertainment for the close of the Christmas season. The play centres on the twins Viola and Sebastian, who are separated in a shipwreck. Viola (disguised as a page named 'Cesario') falls in love with the Duke Orsino, who in turn is in love with Countess Olivia. Upon meeting Viola, Countess Olivia falls in love with her, thinking she is a man.

The play expanded on the musical interludes and riotous disorder expected of the occasion, with plot elements drawn from Barnabe Rich's short story "Of Apollonius and Silla", based on a story by Matteo Bandello. The first documented public performance was on 2 February 1602, at Candlemas, the formal end of the Christmastide–Epiphanytide season in the Christian liturgical year's calendar. The play was not published until its inclusion in the 1623 First Folio.
Zdeněk Sváta
Zdeněk Sváta (born 17 August 1982) is a Czech badminton player. He was the men's doubles champion at the 2013 Giraldilla International and runner-up in the Mercosul International partnered with Jan Fröhlich.

Mercosul International
The Mercosur International or Mercosur Internacional is an open international badminton tournament in Brazil. The tournament established since June, 2013. The tournament has been an International Series level since 2013, then in 2015 categorized as International Challenge by the Badminton World Federation.