hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hyllus Maris
Hyllus Noel Maris (25 December 1933 – 4 August 1986) was an Aboriginal Australian activist, poet and educator. Maris was a Yorta Yorta woman. She was a key figure in the Aboriginal rights movement of the 1970s and 1980s, a poet, an educator and a scriptwriter.

Indigenous land rights in Australia
In Australia, Indigenous land rights or Aboriginal land rights are the rights and interests in land of Aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islander people; the term may also include the struggle for those rights. Connection to the land and waters is vital in Australian Aboriginal culture and to that of Torres Strait Islander people, and there has been a long battle to gain legal and moral recognition of ownership of the lands and waters occupied by the many peoples prior to colonisation of Australia starting in 1788, and the annexation of the Torres Strait Islands by the colony of Queensland in the 1870s.

As of 2020, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples’ rights and interests in land are formally recognised over around 40 per cent of Australia’s land mass, and sea rights have also been asserted in various native title cases.
Mikhail Birman
Mikhail Shlyomovich Birman (Russian: Михаил Шлёмович Бирман; born 17 January 1928 in Leningrad; died 2 July 2009) was a Russian mathematician and university professor. His research included functional analysis, partial differential equations and mathematical physics. In particular, he did research in the fields of scattering theory, operators in Hilbert spaces and the spectral theory of differential operators.

Together with Mikhail Zakharovich Solomyak he developed the theory of double operator integrals.

Spectral theory
In mathematics, spectral theory is an inclusive term for theories extending the eigenvector and eigenvalue theory of a single square matrix to a much broader theory of the structure of operators in a variety of mathematical spaces. It is a result of studies of linear algebra and the solutions of systems of linear equations and their generalizations. The theory is connected to that of analytic functions because the spectral properties of an operator are related to analytic functions of the spectral parameter.
Teneke (opera)
Teneke is an opera in three acts by Italian composer Fabio Vacchi.

Franco Marcoaldi adapted the Italian libretto from the eponymous novel by the Turkish author Yaşar Kemal published in 1955. The opera was premiered on September 22, 2007, at the Teatro alla Scala of Milan, conducted by Roberto Abbado. Set designs and costumes were by Arnaldo Pomodoro, and Ermanno Olmi was the stage director. It was staged until October 4, 2007, seven times only. Running time is approximately 2 hours and 45 minutes.

Ermanno Olmi
Ermanno Olmi (24 July 1931 – 7 May 2018) was an Italian film director and screenwriter best known for directing Il Posto (1961) and The Tree of Wooden Clogs (1977), which won the Palme d'Or. Throughout his career Olmi blended Italian neorealism with Christian humanism, with many of his films following humble characters through the spiritual trials of harsh conditions.
Aleksander Michał Sapieha
Aleksander Michał Paweł Sapieha (Lithuanian: Aleksandras Mykolas Sapiega) of Lis coat of arms (1730 in Wysokie – 1793 in Warsaw) was a noble of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

Son of Kazimierz Leon Sapieha and Karolina Teresa Radziwiłł, he married Magdalena Agnieszka Sapieżyna in 1757.  A protegee of Józef Stanisław Sapieha, he became the Voivode of Polotsk in 1753, Field Lithuanian Hetman from 1762, Grand Lithuanian Chancellor from 1775, marshal of Lithuanian Tribunal in 1789.

He tried to remain neutral in politics but leaned towards the pro-Russian faction; he neither opposed nor support the Confederation of Bar, a member of the Great Sejm he did not openly criticize or support May Constitution of Poland; however, given his subsequent positioning as marshal of the Targowica Confederation, appointed by Russian Empress Catherine the Great, he had an implied opposition to it.

Targowica Confederation
The Targowica Confederation (Polish: konfederacja targowicka, IPA: [kɔnfɛdɛˈrat͡sja tarɡɔˈvit͡ska], Lithuanian: Targovicos konfederacija) was a confederation established by Polish and Lithuanian magnates on 27 April 1792, in Saint Petersburg, with the backing of the Russian Empress Catherine II. The confederation opposed the Constitution of 3 May 1791 and fought in the Polish–Russian War of 1792, which led to the Second and Third Partitions of Poland.
USS Macon (PF-96)
USS Macon (PF-96) was a United States Navy Tacoma-class frigate authorized for construction during World War II but cancelled before construction could begin.

Macon originally was authorized as a patrol gunboat with the hull number PG-204, but she was redesignated as a patrol frigate with the hull number PF-96 on 15 April 1943.  She was assigned the name Macon on 30 August 1943.

Plans called for Macon to be built under a Maritime Commission contract by the American Shipbuilding Company at Lorain, Ohio, as a Maritime Commission Type T. S2-S2-AQ1 hull. However, the contract for her construction for the U.S. Navy was cancelled on 31 December 1943 prior to the laying of her keel.

Hull number
A hull number is a serial identification number given to a boat or ship. For the military, a lower number implies an older vessel. For civilian use, the Hull Identification Number (HIN) is used to trace the boat's history. The precise usage varies by country and type.
Dominique Pierrat
Dominique Pierrat (11 February 1820, in Gerbamont – 19 November 1893, in Gerbamont) was a French naturalist, known for botanical and zoological investigations of Vosges.

He was a member of the Société Linnéenne de Normandie  and the Société d'histoire naturelle de Colmar. With botanist Jean-Nicolas Boulay, he provided taxonomic descriptions of plants from the genus Rubus. In the field of ornithology, he was author of Catalogue des orthoptères observés en Alsace et dans la chaîne des Vosges ("Catalog of birds seen in Alsace and the Vosges Mountains", 1877).

Rubus
Rubus is a large and diverse genus of flowering plants in the rose family, Rosaceae, subfamily Rosoideae, most commonly known as brambles. Fruits of various species are known as raspberries, blackberries, dewberries, and bristleberries. It is a diverse genus, with the estimated number of Rubus species varying from 250 to over 1000, found across all continents except Antarctica.

Most of these plants have woody stems with prickles like roses; spines, bristles, and gland-tipped hairs are also common in the genus. The Rubus fruit, sometimes called a bramble fruit, is an aggregate of drupelets. The term cane fruit or cane berry applies to any Rubus species or hybrid which is commonly grown with supports such as wires or canes, including raspberries, blackberries, and hybrids such as loganberry, boysenberry, marionberry and tayberry. The stems of such plants are also referred to as canes.
Lost and Found (2008 film)
Lost and Found (simplified Chinese: 我叫刘跃进; traditional Chinese: 我叫劉躍進; pinyin: Wǒ jiào Liù Yùejìn) is a 2008 Chinese black comedy film and the third feature film directed by Ma Liwen. The film was based on the novel, I am Liu Yuejin by Liu Zhenyun and tells the story of a down-on-his-luck migrant cook who loses his life savings while in Beijing. The film is also known by the original Chinese title I am Liu Yuejin. The novel was published a mere three months before the film was released.

The film received a domestic opening in China in January 2008 before making limited appearances at various film festivals and screening events.

Lost and Found stars Li Yixiang, as the main role of Liu Yuejin though the film also boasts several cameos by Chinese filmmakers including Chen Daming (the director of Manhole) and Gao Qunshu (the director of The Tokyo Trial). It was partially produced by the state-subsidized China Film Group.

Liu Zhenyun
Liu Zhenyun (born May 1958) is a Chinese novelist and screenwriter. He is best known for his novel One Sentence Is Ten Thousand Sentences (awarded the 2011 Mao Dun Literature Prize) as well as his involvement with the many film adaptions of his books. Among these is I Am Not Madame Bovary, produced in collaboration with director Feng Xiaogang, a frequent collaborator of Liu. He is married to noted human rights activist Guo Jianmei.
Tocoi, Florida
Tocoi is a former settlement along the St. Johns River in St. Johns County, Florida.

Tocoi was the site of a ferry landing and a local rail line to St. Augustine, Florida. The name is said to come from a Timucuan word for water lily. The nearby Tocoi Creek is a tributary of the St. Johns River. A commercial Spanish moss factory was located in the area.

Elizabeth Stuart Phelps Ward's 1879 book Sealed Orders features Tocoi and its train station as a setting.

Harriet Beecher Stowe, a 19th-century American author famed for her abolitionist writings, described her arrival by steamship at Tocoi and the train journey to Saint Augustine in her book, Palmetto Leaves (1873).

Harriet Beecher Stowe
Harriet Elisabeth Beecher Stowe (/stoʊ/; June 14, 1811 – July 1, 1896) was an American author and abolitionist. She came from the religious Beecher family and wrote the popular novel Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852), which depicts the harsh conditions experienced by enslaved African Americans. The book reached an audience of millions as a novel and play, and became influential in the United States and in Great Britain, energizing anti-slavery forces in the American North, while provoking widespread anger in the South. Stowe wrote 30 books, including novels, three travel memoirs, and collections of articles and letters. She was influential both for her writings as well as for her public stances and debates on social issues of the day.
Anastassiya Vinogradova
Anastassiya Olegovna Pilipenko (Russian: Анастасия Олеговна Пилипенко; née Vinogradova; born 13 September 1986 in Alma-Ata, Kazakh S.S.R.) is a Kazakhstani hurdler. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, she competed in the Women's 100 metres hurdles.

Her mother Elena and her father-coach Oleg are both former sprinters.

Yelena Vinogradova
Yelena Vinogradova (Russian: Елена Виноградова, born 28 March 1964) is a female track and field athlete who represented the Soviet Union. She specialized in the 200 metres and often ran relay races, winning the silver medal in the 4 × 100 metres relay and placing eighth in the 200 m at the 1991 World Championships. She won a gold medal in the women's 4 × 400 metres relay at the 1990 Goodwill Games.
Maason Smith
Maason Smith (born October 13, 2002) is an American professional football defensive tackle for the Jacksonville Jaguars of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the LSU Tigers.

LSU Tigers football
The LSU Tigers football program, also known as the Fighting Tigers, represents Louisiana State University in college football. The Tigers compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Southeastern Conference (SEC).

LSU ranks 16th best in winning percentage in NCAA Division I FBS history and claims four national championships (1958, 2003, 2007, and 2019), 16 conference championships, and over 40 consensus All-Americans. Three players for the Tigers have won the Heisman Trophy: Billy Cannon (1959), Joe Burrow (2019), and Jayden Daniels (2023).

The team plays on the university's campus at Tiger Stadium in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. The program's current head coach is Lane Kiffin.
Soreth
Soreth is the name given to a number of modern Syriac languages:

Chaldean Neo-Aramaic

Hertevin language

Bohtan Neo-Aramaic.

The spelling Suret is usually used in Assyrian Neo-Aramaic.

The spelling Surat is usually used in Koy Sanjaq Surat.

Neo-Aramaic dialect of Bohtan
Bohtan Neo-Aramaic is a dialect of Northeastern Neo-Aramaic originally spoken by ethnic Assyrians on the plain of Bohtan in the Ottoman Empire. Its speakers were displaced during the Assyrian genocide in 1915 and settled in Gardabani, near Rustavi in Georgia, Göygöl and Ağstafa in Azerbaijan. However it is now spoken in Moscow, Krymsk and Novopavlosk, Russia. It is considered to be a dialect of Assyrian Neo-Aramaic since it is a northeastern Aramaic language and its speakers are ethnically Assyrians.

The closest related dialect is Hertevin, and Bohtan also shares many similarities with the peripheral Qaraqosh dialect.
Chinese Left-wing Youth
The Left-wing Youth, also known as Student Leftist, Leftist Students, Progressive Youth, or Zuoqing, is a youth community of the People's Republic of China best-known for their role in the 2018 Shenzhen Jasic worker rights protests.

Renmin University of China
The Renmin University of China (RUC) is a public university in Haidian, Beijing, China. The university is affiliated with the Ministry of Education, and co-funded by the Ministry of Education and the Beijing Municipal People's Government. The university is part of Project 211, Project 985, and the Double First-Class Construction.
The Recession 2
The Recession 2 is the twelfth studio album by American rapper Jeezy. The album was released on November 20, 2020, by YJ Music, Inc. and Def Jam Recordings. It serves as a sequel to his third album The Recession (2008). The album features guest appearances from Tamika Mallory, Yo Gotti, E-40, Demi Lovato, Lil Duval, Ne-Yo and Rick Ross.

Lil Duval
Roland Powell (born June 12, 1977), better known by his stage name Lil Duval, is an American stand-up comedian, musician, and actor. In 2005, he was a finalist on BET's comedy competition series Coming to the Stage.

Powell is a series regular to the MTV2 shows Guy Code and Hip Hop Squares. From 2013 to 2014, he hosted the video show Ain't That America on MTV2. In addition to stand-up comedy, Powell also writes for Ozone magazine. He has also appeared in several music videos.
Albert James Smith Copp
Albert James Smith Copp (December 19, 1866 –October 8, 1912) was a Canadian politician.

Born in Amherst, Nova Scotia, the son of Thomas Copp, Copp was educated in Amherst Academy, Dorchester and Sackville, New Brunswick. He was called to the Bar of Nova Scotia in 1879. Copp practised law in Digby. He was a crown prosecutor for the County of Digby from 1887 to 1910. He served as Commercial Agent for Canada in Boston in 1910. He was first elected to the House of Commons of Canada for the electoral district of Digby in the general elections of 1896. A Liberal, he was re-elected in 1900 and 1904. He was defeated in 1908.

In 1881, he married Eliza Dennison.

1900 Canadian federal election
The 1900 Canadian federal election was held on November 7, 1900, to elect members of the House of Commons of Canada of the 9th Parliament of Canada. As a result of the election, the Liberal Party, led by Prime Minister Wilfrid Laurier, was re-elected to a second majority government, defeating the Conservative Party and Liberal-Conservatives led by Charles Tupper.
Athclare Castle
Athclare Castle (or archaically Aclare, Irish Caisleán Áth Cláir) is a Tudor tower house in the Dunleer area of County Louth in Ireland.  Built in the 1550s, Athclare was built for the Barnewell family, and is typical of defensive architectural structures built in the Pale during the Tudor period in Ireland. Athclare has been extended and adapted in the centuries since its construction. Rated as a site of national social historical importance in the National Inventory of Architectural Heritage, Athclare Castle is included in the Record of Protected Structures maintained by Louth County Council.

The Pale
The Pale (Irish: An Pháil) or the English Pale (An Pháil Shasanach or An Ghalltacht) was the part of Ireland directly under the control of the English government in the Late Middle Ages. It had been reduced by the late 15th century to an area along the east coast stretching north from Dalkey, just south of Dublin, to the garrison town of Dundalk. The inland boundary went to Naas and Leixlip around the Earldom of Kildare, towards Trim and north towards Kells. In this district, many townlands have English or Norman-French names, the latter associated with Anglo-Norman influence in England.
Scatterplot smoothing
In statistics, several scatterplot smoothing methods are available to fit a function through the points of a scatterplot to best represent the relationship between the variables.

Scatterplots may be smoothed by fitting a line to the data points in a diagram. This line attempts to display the non-random component of the association between the variables in a 2D scatter plot. Smoothing attempts to separate the non-random behaviour in the data from the random fluctuations, removing or reducing these fluctuations, and allows prediction of the response based value of the explanatory variable.

Smoothing is normally accomplished by using any one of the techniques mentioned below.

A straight line (simple linear regression)

A quadratic or a polynomial curve

Local regression

Smoothing splines

The smoothing curve is chosen so as to provide the best fit in some sense, often defined as the fit that results in the minimum sum of the squared errors (a least squares criterion).

Squared deviations from the mean
Squared deviations from the mean (SDM) result from squaring deviations. In probability theory and statistics, the definition of variance is either the expected value of the SDM (when considering a theoretical distribution) or its average value (for actual experimental data). Computations for analysis of variance involve the partitioning of a sum of SDM.
Matt Higginbottom
Matthew Higginbottom (born 20 October 1990) is an English cricketer. Higginbottom is a left-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Stockport, Greater Manchester.

Higginbottom was educated at New Mills School Business & Enterprise College, before studying Sport and Business Management at Leeds Metropolitan University. While attending the university, he was selected to play for Leeds/Bradford MCCU, making his first-class debut in the team's inaugural first-class match against Surrey at The Oval in 2012. He made a second first-class appearance for the team in that same season against Yorkshire at Headingley. He signed a summer–long contract with Derbyshire for the 2012 season.

Leeds/Bradford MCC University
Leeds/Bradford MCC University, formerly Leeds/Bradford University Centre of Cricketing Excellence, commonly abbreviated to Leeds/Bradford MCCU, is one of six University Centres of Cricketing Excellence supported by the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC).

Leeds/Bradford MCCU play three matches a year against first-class counties. For the first time, in 2012 two of these three matches were given first-class status. In the first of these, their first ever first-class fixture, they lost to Surrey by only two runs. They had previously beaten the same opposition in a non first-class fixture in 2005.

The former Bradford/Leeds University Centre of Cricketing Excellence team did not play first-class cricket. As Leeds/Bradford Marylebone Cricket Club University, the team has played eight first-class matches from 2012 to 2015 (i.e., two per season in early April).
Kudaai
Kıdaai Maqsin (Kudai Bakhsi) or Kudaai Bakhsilaan is a fire-spirit in Yakut mythology.  He was the first blacksmith and the originator of ironworking.  He lives in an iron house surrounded by flames.

K'daai is said to possess curative powers.  In Yukut epics he heals the broken bones of heroes and tempers the souls of shamans.

Chyky, another famous Yakut smith, is not the same as K'daai.  Chyky not only makes excellent weapons, but gives wise advice as well.

Yakuts
The Yakuts or Sakha (Yakut: саха, saxa; plural: сахалар, saxalar) are a Turkic ethnic group native to North Siberia, primarily the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in the Russian Federation. They also inhabit some districts of the Krasnoyarsk Krai. They speak Yakut, which belongs to the Siberian branch of the Turkic languages.
Martian Watches
Martian Watches was a brand of smart watch founded in 2007 in the United States by SilverPlus, Inc., an American company headquartered in Irvine, California.  Martian Watches allow for hands-free use of mobile phones via short distance wireless communication. Using Bluetooth and voice recognition technology, users can take calls, listen to or send text messages, see caller ID information, and send text using speech synthesis.  The Martian watch is reportedly the first watch to utilize voice commands.

Irvine, California
Irvine (/ˈɜːrvaɪn/, UR-vine) is a planned city in central Orange County, California, United States, in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. It was named in 1888 for the landowner James Irvine. The Irvine Company started developing the area in the 1960s and the city was formally incorporated on December 28, 1971. The 66-square-mile (170 km2) city had a population of 318,629 as of June 2025. As of 2025, it is the second most populous city in Orange County, fifth most in the Greater Los Angeles region, and 62nd most in the United States.

Several major corporations in the technology and semiconductor sectors maintain their headquarters in Irvine. Irvine is also home to several higher-education institutions including the University of California, Irvine (UCI), Concordia University, Irvine Valley College, and campuses of University of La Verne and Pepperdine University.
Hog Lake (Florida)
Hog Lake is the historical name for Lake Granada, a natural freshwater lake in the Sun 'N Lake community, in Highlands County, Florida.  Lake Granada has a surface area of 19.6-acre (79,000 m2).  About 1-acre (4,000 m2) of this is a manmade island inside the lake.  The lake is directly north of the Sun 'N Lake community center and is inside a park.  The country club restaurant is directly north of the lake.

The island inside Lake Granada contains a picnic pavilion and may be reached by a wooden footbridge. Swimming and boating are not allowed on Lake Granada.  Fishing is allowed from the bridge.

Highlands County, Florida
Highlands County is a county located in the Florida Heartland region of the U.S. state of Florida. As of the 2020 census, the population was 101,235. Its county seat is Sebring. Highlands County comprises the Sebring, FL Metropolitan Statistical Area. The SMA was first defined in 2003 as the Sebring, Florida Micropolitan Statistical Area (μSA), consisting of Highlands County. The status of the area was changed to a metropolitan statistical area (MSA) in 2013. The MSA was renamed the Sebring-Avon Park, Florida MSA in 2018. The name reverted to Sebring, Florida MSA in 2023.
1984–85 Segunda División
The 1984–85 Segunda División season saw 20 teams participate in the second flight Spanish league. UD Las Palmas, Cádiz CF and Celta de Vigo were promoted to Primera División. UD Salamanca, Granada CF, CD Calvo Sotelo and CF Lorca Deportiva were relegated to Segunda División B.

CD Puertollano
Club Deportivo Puertollano was a Spanish football team based in Puertollano, in the autonomous community of Castile-La Mancha. Founded in 1948 it played in Tercera División – Group 18, holding home matches at Estadio Ciudad de Puertollano, with a capacity of 8,000 seats.
Butter board
A butter board is a dish consisting of soft butter, spread over a wooden cutting board, and sprinkled with condiments, ingredients and edible decorations such as salt, pepper, chili flakes, honey, lemon zest, fruit or vegetable slices, herbs or edible flowers. The dish is served with slices of bread and eaten communally as diners scrape the butter off the board and spread it on their bread.

The butter board first appeared in the 2017 cookbook Six Seasons: A New Way With Vegetables by Joshua McFadden. It was popularized in 2022 by a viral video on TikTok by the food blogger Justine Doiron, whom media credited with spreading the butter board trend.

Edible flower
Edible flowers are flowers that can be consumed safely. Flowers may be eaten as vegetables as a main part of a meal or  used as herbs. Flowers are part of many regional cuisines, including those of Asia, Europe, and the Middle East.