hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Leamaneh Castle
Leamaneh Castle is a ruined castle located in the townland of Leamaneh North, parish of Kilnaboy, between the villages of Corofin and Kilfenora at the border of the region known as the Burren in County Clare, Ireland. It consists of a 15th-century tower house and a 17th-century mansion.

County Clare
County Clare (Irish: Contae an Chláir) is a county in the province of Munster in the  Southern part of Ireland, bordered on the west by the Atlantic Ocean. Clare County Council is the local authority. The county had a population of 127,938 at the 2022 census. The county seat and largest settlement is Ennis.
European Patent Lawyers Association
The European Patent Lawyers Association (EPLAW, formerly EPLA) is a professional association of patent lawyers, with a registered office in Brussels, Belgium. Its claimed object is "the promotion of efficient and fair handling of patent litigation in Europe and the strengthening of ties between well established patent lawyers in Europe."

In a conference organized by the EPLAW in October 2005 in Venice, Italy, a panel of judges adopted a resolution calling for a single European patent court. In a second conference, called the Second Venice Forum and jointly organized by the EPLAW and the European Patent Office in 2006 in San Servolo, an island in the Venetian Lagoon, in Italy, a panel of judges approved a Resolution adopting guidelines for the Rules of Procedure of the European Patent Court to be set under the European Patent Litigation Agreement (EPLA), which has not entered into force.

Since 2001, the EPLAW also took a series of resolutions relating to European patent law.

Venetian Lagoon
The Venetian Lagoon, also Venice Lagoon or Lagoon of Venice, is an enclosed bay of the Adriatic Sea, in northern Italy, in which the city of Venice is situated. Its name, from a Venetian derivative of Latin lacus 'lake', has become the generalized English term for any enclosed, shallow embayment of salt water – a lagoon.
Artashat City Stadium
39°57′20″N 44°32′39″E﻿ / ﻿39.95556°N 44.54417°E﻿ / 39.95556; 44.54417

Artashat City Stadium (Armenian: Արտաշատի քաղաքային մարզադաշտ) is a multipurpose stadium in Artashat, Armenia, mostly used for football matches as well as for domestic events of Athletics.

Artashat, Armenia
Artashat (Armenian: Արտաշատ [ɑɾtɑˈʃɑt]) is a city in Armenia, the administrative centre of the Ararat Province. It is located in the central part of the Ararat Plain, on the left bank of the Araks River, 30 km southeast of the capital Yerevan.

The city got its name from the settlement founded in 176 BC by King Artashes I, which served as the capital of Greater Armenia for almost four centuries, for which it received the nickname "Armenian Carthage" in ancient historiography. The current city is located 5 km northwest of historical Artashat.
Flavopunctelia darrowii
Flavopunctelia darrowii is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It was first formally described as a new species by John Walter Thomson in 1950 as Parmelia darrowi. It is named after American botanist Robert Arthur Darrow. In 1982, Hildur Krog transferred it to the subgenus Flavopunctelia of her newly circumscribed genus Punctelia, created to contain Parmelia species with punctate (point-like) pseudocyphellae. Mason Hale raised this subgenus to generic status a couple of years later.

The lichen is endemic to the American oak-pine forests of southern Arizona and higher elevations in Chihuahua and Sonora, Mexico.

Mason Hale
Mason Ellsworth Hale, Jr. (September 23, 1929 – April 23, 1990) was one of the most prolific American lichenologists of the 20th century. Many of his scholarly articles focused on the taxonomy of the family Parmeliaceae. Hale was one of the first lichen experts to incorporate secondary chemistry and technology such as computers and scanning electron microscopy into taxonomic work. Mason Hale published approximately two hundred articles and books on various aspects of lichen biology including taxonomy, anatomy, chemistry, and ecology. Hale also wrote several books aimed at education and increasing accessibility to lichens.
Senate House (University of Madras)
The Senate House is the administrative centre of the University of Madras in Chennai, India. It is situated in Wallajah Road, along Marina Beach. Constructed by Robert Chisholm between 1874 and 1879, the Senate building is considered to be one of the best and oldest examples of Indo-Saracenic architecture in India.

Marina Beach
Marina Beach, or simply the Marina, is a natural urban beach in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, along the Bay of Bengal. The beach runs from near Fort St. George in the north to Foreshore Estate in the south, a distance of 6.0 km (3.7 mi), making it the second longest urban beach in the world, after Cox's Bazar Beach. It is a prominent landmark in Chennai.

13°03′15″N 80°17′01″E﻿ / ﻿13.05418°N 80.28368°E﻿ / 13.05418; 80.28368

The Marina is a primarily sandy beach, with an average width of 300 m (980 ft) and the width at the widest stretch is 437 m (1,434 ft). Bathing and swimming at the Marina are legally prohibited because of the dangers, as the undercurrent is very turbulent. It is one of the most crowded beaches in the country and attracts about 30,000 visitors a day during weekdays and 50,000 visitors a day during the weekends and on holidays. During summer months, about 15,000 to 20,000 people visit the beach daily.
Denis Bernard (British Army officer)
Lieutenant-General Sir Denis John Charles Kirwan Bernard, KCB, CMG, DSO (22 October 1882 – 25 August 1956) was a British Army officer who commanded the 3rd Infantry Division shortly before the outbreak of the Second World War. He was also Governor of Bermuda and General Officer Commanding the Bermuda Garrison.

Lieutenant-general (United Kingdom)
Lieutenant general (Lt Gen), formerly more commonly lieutenant-general, is a senior rank in the British Army and the Royal Marines. It is the equivalent of a multinational three-star rank; some British lieutenant generals sometimes wear three-star insignia, in addition to their standard insignia, when on multinational operations.

Lieutenant general is a superior rank to major general, but subordinate to a (full) general. The rank has a NATO rank code of OF-8, equivalent to a vice-admiral in the Royal Navy and an air marshal in the Royal Air Force (RAF) and the air forces of many Commonwealth countries.

The rank insignia for both the Army and the Royal Marines is a crown over a crossed sabre and baton. During the reign of Elizabeth II, the St Edward's Crown, commonly known as the Queen's Crown, was depicted. Before 1953, and again since the accession of Charles III in 2022, the Tudor Crown has been used.
2025 Melbourne Cup
The 2025 Melbourne Cup, known commercially as the 2025 Lexus Melbourne Cup, was the 165th running of the Melbourne Cup, an Australian thoroughbred horse race. The race, run over 3,200 metres (1.988 mi), was held on 4 November 2025 at Melbourne's Flemington Racecourse.

The final field for the race was declared on 1 November 2025. The total prize money for the race is A$10 million, a $144,000 increase from 2024. The race was won by Half Yours, ridden by Jamie Melham, the first woman to win since Michelle Payne in 2015.

Jamie Melham
Jamie Lee Melham (née Kah; born 1995) is an Australian jockey. In 2020/21 she became the first jockey to ride 100 winners in a Melbourne Metropolitan racing season. In 2020 and 2021 she was the leading female jockey in the world. She is the second female jockey to win the Melbourne Cup.
Sankara College of Science and Commerce
Sankara College of Science and Commerce is an Autonomous Arts College in Saravanampatti, in the Coimbatore district, Tamil Nadu. It is approved by the All India Council for Technical Education and is affiliated with Bharathiar University. Sankara College of Science and Commerce is accredited by NAAC with 'A' Grade, and also the college is ISO certified.

Saravanampatti
Saravanampatti is a neighborhood of the Coimbatore in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is part of the Coimbatore North taluk. It was a panchayat town till 2011, when it was incorporated into the Coimbatore Corporation. Spread across an area of 11.8 km2 (4.6 sq mi), it had a population of 32,920 individuals as per the 2011 census.
Vijay Award for Favourite Film
The Vijay Award for Favourite film is given by STAR Vijay as part of its annual Vijay Awards ceremony for Tamil  (Kollywood) films. In the first year of the awards, the all-time favourite film was chosen by viewers from any particular year, with the 1992 film Devar Magan emerging the winner. From 2007 onwards, viewers were asked to select their favourite film of the respective preceding year.

M. Sasikumar
Sasikumar Mahalingam (born 28 September 1974) is an Indian actor, film director, film producer, screenwriter and playback singer. He worked as an assistant director for director Bala in Sethu (1999), also worked for director Ameer in his first two films Mounam Pesiyadhe   (2002) and Raam (2005).

He is best known in the Tamil film industry for his debut film Subramaniapuram (2008), which became a blockbuster. He has won several accolades including a National Film Award, two Norway Tamil Film Festival Awards, two Filmfare Awards South and one Tamil Nadu State Film Award.
George Hedley (footballer, born 1876)
George Albert Hedley (20 July 1876 –  16 August 1942) was a professional footballer who won the 1902 and 1908 FA Cup finals with Sheffield United and Wolverhampton Wanderers respectively, scoring in both.

He was born in South Bank, Middlesbrough.

Between 1903 and 1906 he was with Southern League Southampton, where he was top scorer in 1904-05 (jointly with Edgar Bluff) with ten league goals. Hedley made one appearance for England, scoring against Ireland in the 1901-02 British Home Championship.

He was also manager at Bristol City from 1913 to 1915, later becoming a publican in Bristol.

South Bank, Redcar and Cleveland
South Bank is a former industrial town in the Redcar and Cleveland borough in North Yorkshire, England on the south bank of the River Tees. It is 3 miles (4.8 km) east of Middlesbrough and 6 miles (9.7 km) south-west of Redcar. The town is served by South Bank railway station.

The area forms part of the Teesside built-up area's Middlesbrough subdivision and is also a part of Greater Eston.
2018–19 Úrvalsdeild karla (basketball)
The 2018–19 Úrvalsdeild karla was the 68th season of the Úrvalsdeild karla, the top tier men's basketball league in Iceland. The season started on 4 October 2018 and ended on 4 May 2019. KR won its sixth title in a row by defeating ÍR 3–2 in the Finals.

Stjarnan (men's basketball)
The Stjarnan men's basketball team, commonly known as Stjarnan, is the men's basketball department of Ungmennafélagið Stjarnan, based in the town of Garðabær, Iceland. It is a subdivision of Ungmennafélagið Stjarnan.
Patrick Angus
Patrick Angus (December 3, 1953 – May 13, 1992) was a 20th-century American painter who, among many other works, created a number acrylic paintings of the interior of the Gaiety Theater and some of its dancers and customers in the 1980s. Some of the titles are:  Grand Finale (1985), The Apollo Room I (1986), Remember the Promise You Made (1986), Slave to the Rhythm (1986), All The Love in the World (1987), and Hanky Panky (1991).

Although a dedicated creator of portraits and still lifes, and an occasional designer of stage settings, Angus is principally known for works begun in 1981 depicting the young male erotic dancers at the Gaiety and other New York showplaces. Referring to an earlier French painter who made his reputation depicting the demi-monde, playwright Robert Patrick deemed Angus "The Toulouse-Lautrec of Times Square". Angus died on May 13, 1992, from complications related to AIDS.

Robert Patrick (playwright)
Robert Patrick (born Robert Patrick O'Connor; September 27, 1937 – April 23, 2023) was an American playwright, poet, lyricist, short story writer, and novelist.

Patrick was a prolific playwright, with more than 300 productions of his plays staged in New York City, including Broadway venues.
Hans Järta
Hans Järta (originally Hans Hierta) (11 February 1774 – 6 April 1847) was a Swedish administrator, revolutionary and philosopher. He helped overthrow Gustavus IV Adolphus in the Coup of 1809 and was one of the main drafters of the 1809 constitution of Sweden. From 1812 to 1822 he was County Governor of Kopparberg County. His liberal-conservative philosophy has given him the nickname "Sweden's Edmund Burke".

Gustav IV Adolf
Gustav IV Adolf or Gustav IV Adolph (1 November 1778 – 7 February 1837) was King of Sweden from 1792 until he was deposed in a coup in 1809. He was also the last Swedish monarch to be the ruler of Finland.

The occupation of Finland in 1808–09 by Russian forces was the immediate cause of Gustav Adolf's overthrow, violently initiated by officers of his own army. Following his abdication on 29 March 1809, an Instrument of Government was hastily written, which severely circumscribed the powers of the monarchy. The "Instrument" was adopted in 1809 on 6 June, the National Day of Sweden now as well as in his time. It remained in force until replaced in 1974. The crown, now with strictly limited powers, passed to Gustav Adolf's uncle Charles XIII.
Harvard Avenue Historic District
The Harvard Avenue Historic District is a historic district roughly bounded by Linden Street, Commonwealth Avenue, Harvard Avenue, and Park Vale Avenue in the Allston neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts.  Its spine is Harvard Avenue, a major north–south thoroughfare connecting Allston to points north (generally via Cambridge Street toward Cambridge), and south toward Brookline.  The area underwent a population explosion in the early 20th century, and Harvard Avenue was developed roughly between 1905 and 1925 as a commercial and residential spine.  Notable buildings in the district include the Allston Station building, designed by Shepley, Rutan and Coolidge, and the Harvard Avenue Fire Station.

The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.

Shepley Bulfinch
Shepley Bulfinch (Shepley Bulfinch Richardson & Abbott Inc.) is an international architecture, planning, and interior design firm with offices in Boston, Hartford, Houston, and Phoenix. It is one of the oldest architecture firms in continuous practice in the United States, and was recognized by the American Institute of Architects with its highest honor, the AIA Architecture Firm Award, in 1973.

Shepley Bulfinch was formed in Boston in 1874 as the architectural practice of American architect Henry Hobson Richardson. Following Richardson's death in 1886, the firm existed as Shepley, Rutan and Coolidge through 1915, then became Coolidge and Shattuck from 1915 through 1924, Coolidge Shepley Bulfinch and Abbott from 1924 through 1952, and Shepley Bulfinch Richardson and Abbott from 1952.
Hannah Laing
Hannah Laing (born 12 August 1994) is a Scottish disc jockey and electronic music producer from Dundee specialising in high energy trance, techno, and hard house.  In 2023, she was nominated for a DJ Mag Best of Britain award.  Laing has been regularly featured on BBC Radio 1, including performing a two-hour Essential Mix.

DJ Mag
DJ Magazine (also known as DJ Mag) is a British monthly magazine dedicated to electronic dance music and DJs. Founded in 1991, the magazine is adapted for distribution in the United Kingdom, the United States, Spain, France, Italy, Latin America, China, South Korea, Brunei, Indonesia, India, Sri Lanka, Oman, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Germany, Canada, Russia, Belarus, and the Netherlands.
Michael Posner (lawyer)
Michael H. Posner (/ˈpoʊznər/; born November 19, 1950) is an American lawyer, the Founding Executive Director and later the President of Human Rights First (formerly the Lawyers Committee for Human Rights), the former Assistant Secretary of State for Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor (DRL) of the United States, currently director for the Center of Business and Human Rights at NYU Stern School of Business, as well as Professor of Business and Society at New York University Stern School of Business, and a board member of the International Service for Human Rights.

International Service for Human Rights
The International Service for Human Rights (ISHR) is an independent, non-profit organization with offices in Geneva and New York which promotes and protects human rights by supporting human rights defenders, strengthening human rights standards and systems, and leading and participating in coalitions for human rights change.

Established in 1984, ISHR's role is to support human rights defenders by building their capacity and expertise, strengthening their recognition and protection under international law, and protecting them from threats, risks and reprisals. ISHR provides human rights defenders with a range of tools and support, including access to high-quality research and analysis, tailored training and capacity building services, legal advice and strategic litigation, and advocacy and networking support. ISHR works to strengthen human rights systems.
Matroid representation
In the mathematical theory of matroids, a matroid representation is a family of vectors whose linear independence relation is the same as that of a given matroid. Matroid representations are analogous to group representations; both types of representation provide abstract algebraic structures (matroids and groups respectively) with concrete descriptions in terms of linear algebra.

A linear matroid is a matroid that has a representation, and an F-linear matroid (for a field F) is a matroid that has a representation using a vector space over F. Matroid representation theory studies the existence of representations and the properties of linear matroids.

Linear algebra
Linear algebra is the branch of mathematics concerning linear equations such as

linear maps such as

and their representations in vector spaces and through matrices.

Linear algebra is central to almost all areas of mathematics. For instance, linear algebra is fundamental in modern presentations of geometry, including for defining basic objects such as lines, planes and rotations. Also, functional analysis, a branch of mathematical analysis, may be viewed as the application of linear algebra to function spaces.

Linear algebra is also used in most sciences and fields of engineering because it allows modeling many natural phenomena, and computing efficiently with such models. For nonlinear systems, which cannot be modeled with linear algebra, it is often used for dealing with first-order approximations, using the fact that the differential of a multivariate function at a point is the linear map that best approximates the function near that point.
Rejection slip
A rejection slip is a notice to a freelancer, particularly a freelance author, that a submission has been taken from the slushpile, read or examined, and rejected for purchase. The format may range from a form letter with one or more boxes checked off, to a lengthy handwritten note explaining in detail why the piece is not being purchased, often inviting the freelancer to make further submissions.

Due to the central role of rejection slips in the life of a freelancer, rejection slips play a large role in creative culture, being the subject of many cartoons, stories and even poems. Charles Bukowski's first commercial sale was a short story titled "Aftermath of a Lengthy Rejection Slip". Isaac Asimov, better known for his prose, wrote a poem titled Rejection Slips.

Form letter
A form letter is a letter written from a template, rather than being specially composed for a specific recipient. The most general kind of form letter consists of one or more regions of boilerplate text interspersed with one or more substitution placeholders.

Although form letters are generally intended for a wide audience, many form letters include stylistic elements or features intended to appear specifically tailored to the recipient. For example, they might be signed by autopen and use features such as mail merge, which automatically inserts the names of the individual recipients.
Novembers Doom
Novembers Doom is an American death-doom band from Chicago, currently signed to Prophecy Productions. Along with Evoken and Rigor Sardonicous, Novembers Doom is one of the earliest American death-doom bands still active today.

Death-doom
Death-doom (also known as death-doom metal or doom-death) is a fusion genre of death metal and doom metal. It combines the slow tempos and pessimistic or depressive mood of doom metal with the deep growling vocals and double-kick drumming of death metal. The genre emerged in the late 1980s and gained a certain amount of popularity during the 1990s, but had become less common by the turn of the 21st century. In turn, death-doom gave rise to the closely related genre of funeral doom as well as to the more melodic, gloomy and romantic gothic metal.
Ohio State Route 752
State Route 752 (SR 752) is an east–west state highway in the south-central portion of Ohio.  The western terminus of SR 752 is at a signalized T-intersection with US 23 on the north edge of South Bloomfield, and its eastern terminus is at SR 674 about 7 miles (11 km) east of Ashville on the Pickaway-Fairfield County Line.

SR 752 was created in the late 1930s.  This two-lane state highway, which runs through the northeastern portion of Pickaway County, is becoming more highly traveled in recent years, as subdivisions are being constructed at a rapid rate in the Teays Valley Local School District.

South Bloomfield, Ohio
South Bloomfield is a village in Pickaway County, Ohio, United States. The population was 2,143 at the 2020 census. Since the 2000 census, it has consistently been one of the fastest-growing villages in central Ohio.
Rineloricaria misionera
Rineloricaria misionera is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is a freshwater fish native to South America, where it occurs in the basins of the Paraná River and the Uruguay River in Argentina. Its type locality is located within Misiones Province, which the species is named after. It is typically found in small streams with swift currents and substrates composed of rocks and sand. It is known to be nocturnal, seeking shelter between rocks during the day. The species reaches 9.7 cm (3.8 in) in standard length and is believed to be a facultative air-breather.

Paraná River
The Paraná River (Portuguese: Rio Paraná [ˈʁi.u paɾaˈna] ⓘ; Spanish: Río Paraná [ˈri.o paɾaˈna] ⓘ; Guarani: Ysyry Parana) is a river in south-central South America, running through Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina for some 4,880 kilometres (3,030 mi). Among South American rivers, it is second in length only to the Amazon River. It merges with the Paraguay River and then farther downstream with the Uruguay River to form the Río de la Plata and empties into the Atlantic Ocean.

The first European to go up the Paraná River was the Venetian explorer Sebastian Cabot, in 1526, while working for Spain.

A drought hit the river in 2021, causing a 77-year low.
SpreadsheetML
SpreadsheetML is the XML schema for Microsoft Office Excel 2003.

The Office 2003 XML Reference Schemas are included in the Microsoft Open Specification Promise, a legal statement concerning unrestricted use of Microsoft intellectual property.

Microsoft Open Specification Promise
The Microsoft Open Specification Promise (OSP) is a promise by Microsoft, published in September 2006, to not assert its patents, in certain conditions, against implementations of a certain list of specifications.

The OSP is not a licence, but rather a covenant not to sue.  It promises protection but does not grant any rights.

The OSP is limited to implementations to the extent that they conform to those specifications.  This allows for conformance to be partial.  So if an implementation follows the specification for some aspects, and deviates in other aspects, then the Covenant Not to Sue applies only to the implementation's aspects which follow the specification.