hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
George W. Bush shoe-throwing incident
On 14 December 2008, Iraqi journalist Muntadhar al-Zaidi removed his shoes and threw them at then United States president George W. Bush during a joint press conference with Iraqi prime minister Nouri al-Maliki in Baghdad, Iraq. Bush quickly ducked, avoiding being hit by either shoe. The second shoe collided with a U.S. flag positioned behind Bush. Al-Zaidi was subsequently grabbed, and removed from the room by security.

Al-Zaidi received a three-year prison sentence, which was reduced by two years. On 15 September 2009, after nine months of imprisonment, he was released early as he had no prior criminal record.

There have since been many other shoe-throwing incidents on an international scale.

Central Criminal Court of Iraq
The Central Criminal Court of Iraq, or CCCI, is a criminal court of Iraq. The CCCI is based on an inquisitorial system and consists of two chambers: an investigative court and a criminal court. The court was created by the Coalition Provisional Authority in 2003 to handle cases involving serious crimes such as governmental corruption, terrorism and organized crime that were previously handled by governorate level judges in the ordinary criminal courts. Candidates for the judiciary had to be an Iraqi national of high moral character and reputation, a non-member of the Ba'ath Party, demonstrate a "high level of legal competence", and sign an oath of office.
Cambrex Corporation
Cambrex Corporation is a contract manufacturing organization in the pharmaceutical industry.

Cambrex has manufacturing facilities in the US (Agawam, MA; Charles City, IA; Durham, NC; High Point, NC; Longmont, CO; Waltham, MA) and Europe (Edinburgh, UK; Karlskoga, Sweden, Milan, Italy, and R&D centers in Tallinn, Estonia, Wiesbaden, Germany). The headquarters are located in East Rutherford, NJ.

Longmont, Colorado
Longmont is a home rule city located in Boulder and Weld counties, Colorado, United States. Its population was 98,885 as of the 2020 U.S. census.  Longmont is located northeast of the county seat of Boulder. It is named after Longs Peak, a prominent mountain that is clearly visible from the city (mont means "mountain" in French).
Alice Miles Woodruff
Alice Miles Woodruff (November 29, 1900 – November 24, 1985), born Alice Lincoln Miles, was an American virologist. She developed a method for growing fowlpox outside of a live chicken alongside Ernest William Goodpasture.  Her research greatly facilitated the rapid advancement in the study of viruses.

Ernest William Goodpasture
Ernest William Goodpasture (October 17, 1886 – September 20, 1960) was an American pathologist and physician. Goodpasture advanced the scientific understanding of the pathogenesis of infectious diseases, parasitism, and a variety of rickettsial and viral infections. Together with colleagues at Vanderbilt University, he invented methods for growing viruses and rickettsiae in chicken embryos and fertilized chicken eggs. This enabled the development of vaccines against influenza, chicken pox, smallpox, yellow fever, typhus, Rocky mountain spotted fever, and other diseases.  He also identified and described what would become known as Goodpasture syndrome.
Jana Pittman
Jana Pittman (born 9 November 1982) is an Australian former athlete. During her athletic career Pittman specialised in the 400 metres run and 400-metre hurdles events. She is a two-time world champion in the 400 m hurdles, from 2003 and 2007. She also won the gold medal in this event at the 2002 and 2006 Commonwealth Games and was part of Australia's winning 4 × 400 metres relay teams at both events.

Pittman is one of only eleven athletes (along with Valerie Adams, Usain Bolt, Veronica Campbell-Brown, Armand Duplantis, Jacques Freitag, Yelena Isinbayeva, Kirani James, Faith Kipyegon, Dani Samuels, and David Storl) to win World Championship titles at the youth, junior, and senior levels of an athletic event.

Pittman also competed in the two-woman bobsleigh at the 2014 Winter Olympics, making her the first Australian female athlete to compete in both the Summer and Winter Olympic games.

2003 World Championships in Athletics
The 9th World Championships in Athletics (French: Championnats du monde d'athlétisme 2003), under the auspices of the International Association of Athletics Federations, were held from 23 August to 31 August 2003 in the streets of Paris and the Stade de France in Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis, France.
Omar Brown (sprinter, born 1975)
Omar A. Brown (born 26 December 1975) is a Jamaican hurdler and sprinter. He was 6th in the 400 metres hurdles at the 1999 Pan American Games and won a silver medal for Jamaica at the 1999 World Championships in Athletics by virtue of running on their 4 × 400 m relay team in the semi-finals.

1999 World Championships in Athletics
The 7th World Championships in Athletics (Spanish: Campeonato Mundial de Atletismo de 1999), a World Athletic Championships event held under the auspices of the International Association of Athletics Federations, were held at the Estadio Olímpico de Sevilla, Seville, Spain, between the August 20 and August 29.

One of the main highlights of the games was the world record set in the 400 metres by Michael Johnson of the United States in a time of 43.18 seconds.
Geir Bakke
Geir Bakke (born 23 October 1969) is a Norwegian football coach and former player. He is currently the manager of Eliteserien club Vålerenga.

Geir Bakke was born at Hamar, where he spent his infant years, before his family relocated to Rælingen when he was six.

Hamar
Hamar [ˈhɑ̂ːmɑr] ⓘ is a town in Hamar Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. Hamar is the administrative centre of Hamar Municipality. It is located in the traditional region of Hedmarken. The town is located on the shores of Mjøsa, Norway's largest lake. Historically, it was the principal city of the former Hedmark county, now part of the larger Innlandet county.

The town of Hamar lies in the southwestern part of Hamar Municipality. The 14.21-square-kilometre (5.49 sq mi) town has a population (2024) of 30,030 and a population density of 2,113 inhabitants per square kilometre (5,470/sq mi). The urban area of the town actually extends over the municipal borders into both Ringsaker Municipality and Stange Municipality. About 1.7 square kilometres (420 acres) and 2,438 residents within the town are actually located in Ringsaker Municipality and another 0.3 square kilometres (74 acres) and 332 residents of the town are located within Stange Municipality.
Firing Squad (album)
Firing Squad is the second studio album by the American hip hop duo M.O.P., from Brownsville, New York. It was released on October 22, 1996, via Relativity Records. It was produced by DJ Premier, Big Jaz, Ali Dee, M.O.P. & Laze E Laze and it also features a guest appearance from Kool G Rap. The whole album was mixed and overseen by DJ Premier, who continued the work for the next two M.O.P. albums. The album is broken down track-by-track by M.O.P. in Brian Coleman's book Check the Technique.

Relativity Records
Relativity Records was an American record label founded by Barry Kobrin at the site of his vinyl record shop, Important Record Distributors (IRD) in metropolitan New York City. The IRD distribution name was later known as RED Distribution and again as RED Music.

Relativity released music that covered a wide variety of musical genres. When it entered into a deal with Sony Music Entertainment, it became more known for its heavy metal and hip hop releases.

In 1999, Relativity was folded into Steve Rifkind's Loud Records, which in turn was shut down by Sony Music in 2002, with its parent distributor, RED Distribution, maintaining its existence, but later as RED Music, being merged into the Orchard in 2017 by Sony.
Gabriele Lesser
Gabriele Alexandra Lesser (born 16 May 1960 in Frankfurt am Main) is a historian and journalist, who specializes in the history of World War II and the occupation of Poland, the Baltic countries, and Ukraine 1939–1945.

As Warsaw-based correspondent of newspapers published in Germany (Die Tageszeitung), Austria (Der Standard), and Switzerland (Tages-Anzeiger) she publishes regularly news and analysis about Ukraine, Poland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and the Kaliningrad oblast. She wrote and edited several books about the contemporary Poland, the history of the Underground University in Kraków in World War II and a guidebook about Masuria and the Masurian Lake District.

Masuria
Masuria (Polish: Mazury [maˈzurɨ] ⓘ; Masurian: Mazurÿ; German: Masuren [maˈzuːʁən] ⓘ) is an ethnographic and geographic region in northern and northeastern Poland, known for its 2,000 lakes. Masuria occupies much of the Masurian Lake District. Administratively, it is part of the Warmian–Masurian Voivodeship (administrative area/province). Its biggest city, often regarded as its capital, is Ełk. The region covers a territory of some 10,000 km2 which approximately 500,000 people inhabit.

Masuria is bordered by Warmia, Powiśle and Chełmno Land in the west, Mazovia in the south, Podlachia and Suwałki Region in the east, and Lithuania Minor in the north.
Sri Venkateswara University Ground
Sri Venkateswara University Ground is a multi-purpose stadium  located in Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh. The stadium has facilities to host cricket, hockey, football, basketball, and lawn tennis matches, as well as a 400-meter track, a pavilion, and galleries. The ground has hosted Ranji Trophy matches in 1984 and 1992. Karnataka cricket team and Andhra cricket team playing in the first match where Karnataka won by 141 runs. In second match also Andhra losses to Tamil by an innings and 166 runs. International cricketer like VB Chandrasekhar, Woorkeri Raman, Robin Singh, Roger Binny, Sadanand Viswanath, Gundappa Viswanath, Brijesh Patel played on this ground.

Sadanand Viswanath
Sadanand Viswanath (Kannada: ಸದಾನಂದ ವಿಶ್ವನಾಥ್‌) pronunciationⓘ (born 28 November 1962, Bangalore, Karnataka) is a former Indian cricketer who played in 3 Tests and 22 ODIs, from 1985 to 1988. Currently, he is a first class umpire and coach. He was a part of the Indian squad which won the 1985 World Championship of Cricket.
Comparison of computer-assisted translation tools
A number of computer-assisted translation software and websites exists for various platforms and access types. According to a 2006 survey undertaken by Imperial College of 874 translation professionals from 54 countries, primary tool usage was reported as follows: Trados (35%), Wordfast (17%), Déjà Vu (16%), SDL Trados 2006 (15%), SDLX (4%), STAR Transit (3%), OmegaT (3%), others (7%).

The list below includes only some of the existing available software and website platforms.

Wordfast
The name Wordfast is used for any number of translation memory products developed by Wordfast LLC. The original Wordfast product, now called Wordfast Classic, was developed by Yves Champollion in 1999 as a cheaper alternative to Trados, a translation memory program. The current Wordfast products run on a variety of platforms but use largely compatible translation memory formats, and often also have similar workflows. Wordfast LLC is based in Delaware, United States, although most of the development takes place in Paris, France. There is also a support center in the Czech Republic. The company has around 50 employees.
Andrew P. Wiswell
Andrew Peters Wiswell (July 11, 1852 – December 4, 1906) was a justice of the Maine Supreme Judicial Court from April 10, 1893, to December 4, 1906, serving as chief justice from January 2, 1900, to December 4, 1906.

Born in Ellsworth, Maine, Wiswell graduated from Bowdoin College in 1873, and read law to be admitted to the bar the following year. He was Speaker of the Maine House of Representatives in 1891. Appointed an Associate Justice April 10, 1893, he became chief justice on January 2, 1900, and served in that capacity until his death.

He died unexpectedly at the Hotel Touraine in Boston on December 4, 1906.

Bowdoin College
Bowdoin College (/ˈboʊdɪn/ ⓘ BOH-din) is a private liberal arts college in Brunswick, Maine, United States. It was chartered in 1794.

In addition to its Brunswick campus, Bowdoin owns a 118-acre (48 ha) coastal studies center on Orr's Island and a 200-acre (81 ha) scientific field station on Kent Island in the Bay of Fundy.

The college was a founding member of its athletic conference, the New England Small College Athletic Conference, and the Colby-Bates-Bowdoin Consortium, an athletic conference and inter-library exchange with Bates College and Colby College. Bowdoin has over 30 varsity teams, and the school mascot was selected as a polar bear in 1913 to honor Robert Peary, a Bowdoin alumnus who claimed to have led the first successful expedition to the North Pole.
MAC service data unit
MAC service data unit (media access control service data unit, MSDU) is the service data unit in the IEEE 802 reference model of network architecture. This data unit is exchanged at the interface between the media access control (MAC) sub-layer and the layer immediately above it, typically the (optional) logical link control (LLC) sub-layer. The LLC and MAC sub-layers are collectively referred to as the data link layer (DLL).

Logical link control
In the IEEE 802 reference model of computer networking, the logical link control (LLC) data communication protocol layer is the upper sublayer of the data link layer (layer 2) of the seven-layer OSI model. The LLC sublayer acts as an interface between the medium access control (MAC) sublayer and the network layer.

The LLC sublayer provides multiplexing mechanisms that make it possible for several network protocols (e.g. IP, IPX and DECnet) to coexist within a multipoint network and to be transported over the same network medium. It can also provide flow control and automatic repeat request (ARQ) error management mechanisms.
Sub-prefectures of Guinea
The sub-prefectures (known in French as sous-prefectures) are the third-level administrative divisions in Guinea. As of 2009 there were 303 rural sub-prefectures of Guinea and 38 urban sub-prefectures, 5 of which compose the Conakry greater urban area; Kaloum, Dixinn, Matam, Ratoma and Matoto.

Conakry
Conakry (/ˈkɒnəkri/ KON-ə-kree, French: [kɔnakʁi]; Susu: Kɔnakiri; N'Ko: ߞߐߣߊߞߙߌ߫, romanized: Kɔnakrí; Fula: 𞤑𞤮𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤭𞤪𞤭, romanized: Konaakiri) is the capital and largest city of Guinea. A port city, it serves as the economic, financial and cultural centre of Guinea. Its population as of the 2026 Guinea census was 3,407,327.

The population of Conakry is difficult to ascertain. The U.S. Department of State's Bureau of African Affairs has estimated it at 2 million, or one-sixth of the country's population.
Ian Maclaren Thompson
Prof Ian Maclaren Thompson FRSE FRSC (1896–1981) was a Newfoundland anatomist and medical author.

He was founder and first President of the Canadian Association of Anatomists in 1957 and also President of the Manitoba Museum.

Royal Society of Canada
The Royal Society of Canada (RSC; French: Société royale du Canada, SRC), also known as the Academies of Arts, Humanities, and Sciences of Canada (French: Académies des arts, des lettres et des sciences du Canada), is the senior national, bilingual council of distinguished Canadian scholars, humanists, scientists, and artists in Canada.

As Canada's national academy, the RSC exists to promote Canadian research and scholarly accomplishment in both of Canada's official languages; advise governments, non-governmental organizations, and Canadians generally on matters of public interest; recognize academic and artistic excellence; and mentor young scholars and artists.
Carncorran Glebe
Carncorran Glebe (Irish: Carn Corráin (hook-shaped heap of stones)) is a townland in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. It is situated in the historic barony of Omagh West and the civil parish of Ardstraw and covers an area of 243 acres.

The population of the townland declined during the 19th century:

The townland contains one Scheduled Historic Monument: a Portal tomb: Giant's Grave (grid ref:  H2889 8243). The portal tomb consists of two large mis-matched portal stones nearly 3m tall and a tiny door-stone.

Dolmen
A dolmen (/ˈdɒlmɛn/), or portal tomb, is a type of single-chamber megalithic tomb, usually consisting of two or more upright megaliths supporting a large flat horizontal capstone or "table". Most date from the Late Neolithic period (4000–3000 BCE) and were sometimes covered with earth or smaller stones to form a tumulus (burial mound). Small pad-stones may be wedged between the cap and supporting stones to achieve a level appearance. In many instances, the covering has eroded away, leaving only the stone "skeleton".

In Sumba (Indonesia), dolmens are still commonly built (about 100 dolmens each year) for collective graves according to lineage. The traditional village of Wainyapu has some 1,400 dolmens.
Denis Walker (activist)
Denis P. Walker (2 December 1947 – 4 December 2017), also known as Bejam Kunmunara Jarlow Nunukel Kabool, was an Aboriginal Australian activist. He was a major figure in the civil rights and land rights movements of the 1970s and continued to fight for a treaty between the Australian Government and Aboriginal nations through the 1990s and until his death.

Stradbroke Island
Stradbroke Island, also known as Minjerribah, was a large sand island that formed much of the eastern side of Moreton Bay near Brisbane, Queensland until the late 19th century. Today the island is split into two islands: North Stradbroke Island and South Stradbroke Island, separated by the Jumpinpin Channel.

In 2009 as part of the Q150 celebrations, the Stradbroke Island was announced as one of the Q150 Icons of Queensland for its role as a "Natural attraction".
The Mermaid Inn, Rye
The Mermaid Inn is a Grade II* listed historical inn located on Mermaid Street in the ancient town of Rye, East Sussex, southeastern England. One of the best-known inns in southeast England, it was established in the 12th century and has a long, turbulent history. The current building dates from 1420 and has 16th-century additions in the Tudor style, but cellars built in 1156 survive. The inn has a strong connection with the notorious Hawkhurst Gang of smugglers, who used it in the 1730s and 1740s as one of their strongholds: Rye was a thriving port during this period. Some of the smugglers, their mistresses and other characters are reported to haunt the inn.

The AA Rosette-winning restaurant serves British and French cuisine and features medieval-style artwork in the interior by the Slade School of Fine Art. It has been owned by Judith Blincow since 1993.

AA Rosette
The AA Rosette is an award recognising culinary excellence in the United Kingdom and Ireland. Restaurants are rated from one to five rosettes. Rosettes are awarded only to the top 10% of restaurants; those awarded four rosettes or above are, according to the AA, amongst the best restaurants nationwide. Each year's rosette ratings are published in the annual AA Restaurant Guide and, since 2020, the Rated Trips website.
Coprus
Coprus or Kopros (Ancient Greek: Κόπρος) was a deme of ancient Athens, of the phyle of Hippothontis, sending two delegates to the Athenian Boule. One of the characters of Aristophanes's The Knights is from this deme.

Its site is located near east of Eleusis.

Boule (ancient Greece)
In cities of ancient Greece, the boule (Ancient Greek: βουλή; pl.: boulai, βουλαί) was a council (βουλευταί, bouleutai) appointed to run daily affairs of the city. Originally a council of nobles advising a king, boulai evolved according to the constitution of the city: In oligarchies boule positions might have been hereditary, while in democracies members were typically chosen by lot and served for one year. Little is known about the workings of many boulai, except in the case of Athens, for which extensive material has survived.
Manitoba Provincial Road 426
Provincial Road 426 (PR 426) is a 6.5-kilometre-long (4.0 mi) north–south highway in the Pembina Valley Region of Manitoba. Located entirely in the Rural Municipality of Montcalm, it connects PTH 14 with the hamlet of St. Joseph and PR 201.

Rural Municipality of Montcalm
The Rural Municipality of Montcalm (French: Municipalité rurale de Montcalm) is a rural municipality (RM) in the Pembina Valley Region of Manitoba in Western Canada.

As of 2021, Montcalm has a population of 1,278 people. Three Francophone towns are located in Montcalm: St. Joseph, Letellier, and St. Jean Baptiste.
Alexander I of Kakheti
Alexander I (Georgian: ალექსანდრე I Alek’sandre I) (1445/1457 – April 27, 1511), of the Bagrationi dynasty, was a king (mepe) of Kakheti in eastern Georgia from 1476 to 1511. Alexander's pliancy and flexible diplomacy earned him security from the neighboring powers, only to be murdered by his own son George II "the Bad". He recognized the suzerainty of Shah ("King") Ismail I of Safavid Iran at the beginning of the 16th century.

Shah
Shāh (/ʃɑː/; Persian: شاه [ˈʃaːɦ] ⓘ) is a royal title meaning 'king' in Persian. Though chiefly associated with the monarchs of Iran, it was also used to refer to the leaders of numerous Persianate societies, such as the Ottoman Empire, the Khanate of Bukhara and the Emirate of Bukhara, the Mughal Empire, the Bengal Sultanate, and various Afghan dynasties, as well as among Gurkhas. With regard to Iranian history, in particular, each ruling monarch was not seen simply as the head of the concurrent dynasty and state, but as the successor to a long line of royalty beginning with the original Persian Empire of Cyrus the Great. To this end, he was more emphatically known as the Shāhanshāh (شاهنشاه, šāhanšāh, 'king of kings' [ˌʃaːhanˈʃaːɦ]), since the Achaemenid dynasty. A roughly equivalent title is Pādishāh (پادشاه, pādišāh, pādšāh, 'master king'), which was most widespread during the Muslim period in the Indian subcontinent.
The Field Bazaar
"The Field Bazaar" is a short story by Arthur Conan Doyle, first published on November 20, 1896 in a special "Bazaar Number" of The Student, a publication of the students' representative council at Edinburgh University.  It is a Sherlock Holmes story, published under Conan Doyle's byline and featuring both Holmes and his partner, Dr. John Watson. It is, however, treated by most experts as a parody or pastiche not suitable for inclusion in the traditional 60-story canon of Sherlock Holmes, though there are dissenters.

Canon of Sherlock Holmes
Traditionally, the canon of Sherlock Holmes consists of the 56 short stories and four novels written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. In this context, the term "canon" is an attempt to distinguish between Doyle's original works and subsequent works by other authors using the same characters.

Usually capitalised by fans of the Sherlockian game as "the Canon", the description of these 60 adventures as the Sherlock Holmes canon and the game of applying the methods of "Higher Criticism" to it was started by Ronald Knox as a playful use of the traditional definition of "canon" as an authoritative list of books accepted as holy scripture.
Luboš Hušek
Luboš Hušek (born 26 January 1984) is a Czech former footballer, whose position was defensive midfielder. After starting his career with Jablonec, Sparta Prague signed him as a replacement for the departed Tomáš Sivok. In 2013 he joined Slovan Liberec, before finishing his career in Slovakia at FK Senica.

AC Sparta Prague
Athletic Club Sparta Praha (Czech pronunciation: [ˈaː ˈtsɛː ˈsparta ˈpraɦa]), commonly known as Sparta Prague and Sparta Praha, is a professional football club based in Prague.

It is the most successful club in the Czech Republic and one of the most successful in central Europe, winning the central European Cup (also known as the Mitropa Cup) three times and reaching the semi-finals of the European Cup (now the UEFA Champions League) in 1992 and the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup in 1973.

Sparta have won a record 38 domestic league titles, a record 16 Czech Cups (and its predecessor Czechoslovak Cup), and two Czech Supercups. Sparta was long the main source for the Czech Republic national football team; however, lately the best Czech players almost exclusively play in foreign leagues.

Sparta plays at Prague's Epet Arena, also known as Letná Stadium.