hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hamish Hawk
Hamish James Hawk (born 27 October 1991) is a Scottish musician. Hawk began his career in 2012 while he was a student at the University of St Andrews, and released his debut solo record, Aznavour (2014), under the mentorship of Scottish musician King Creosote. A year later he formed a band to back him up during live performances, and played with them under the name Hamish Hawk & the New Outfit. They released their first record From Zero to One in 2018, and an EP Laziest River in 2019. Laziest River was produced by Idlewild's Rod Jones, whom they had met in 2016. In 2021, now performing with the band as Hamish Hawk, he released his first album, Heavy Elevator, followed by Angel Numbers (2023), both produced by Jones and shortlisted for the Scottish Album of the Year Award in 2022 and 2023, respectively. His third album, A Firmer Hand, was released on 16 August 2024.

The Magnetic Fields
The Magnetic Fields are an American band founded and led by Stephin Merritt. Merritt is the group's primary songwriter, producer, and vocalist, as well as frequent multi-instrumentalist. The band is named after the André Breton/Philippe Soupault novel Les Champs Magnétiques.

The band released their debut single "100,000 Fireflies" in 1991. The single was typical of the band's earlier career, characterized by synthesized instrumentation by Merritt, with lead vocals provided by Susan Anway (and then by Stephin Merritt himself, from the House of Tomorrow EP onwards). A more traditional band later materialized; it is now composed of Merritt, Claudia Gonson, Sam Davol, and John Woo, with occasional guest vocals by Shirley Simms. The band's best-known work is the 1999 three-volume concept album 69 Love Songs. It was followed in the succeeding years by a "no-synth" trilogy: i (2004), Distortion (2008), and Realism (2010). The band's latest album, Quickies, was released on May 29, 2020.
NGC 703
NGC 703 is a lenticular galaxy located 240 million light-years away in the constellation Andromeda. The galaxy was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on September 21, 1786 and is also a member of Abell 262.

NGC 703 is classified as a radio galaxy.

Lenticular galaxy
A lenticular galaxy (denoted S0) is a type of galaxy intermediate between an elliptical (denoted E) and a spiral galaxy in galaxy morphological classification schemes. It contains a large-scale disc but does not have large-scale spiral arms.  Lenticular galaxies are disc galaxies that have used up or lost most of their interstellar matter and therefore have very little ongoing star formation. They may, however, retain significant dust in their disks. As a result, they consist mainly of aging stars (like elliptical galaxies).  Despite the morphological differences, lenticular and elliptical galaxies share common properties like spectral features and scaling relations. Both can be considered early-type galaxies that are passively evolving, at least in the local part of the Universe.  Connecting the E galaxies with the S0 galaxies are the ES galaxies with intermediate-scale discs.
Brian Cody
Brian Cody (born 12 July 1954) is an Irish former hurling manager and player and retired school principal. He managed the senior Kilkenny county team between 1998 and 2022, becoming the county's longest-serving manager and most successful in terms of major titles won; Cody is widely regarded as the greatest manager in the history of the game.

Cody was appointed manager of the Kilkenny senior team on 16 November 1998 and led Kilkenny through a period of unprecedented provincial and national dominance, winning 43 major honours; these include eleven All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship titles, including a record-equalling four-in-a-row between 2006 and 2009, seventeen Leinster Senior Hurling Championship titles in twenty three seasons, ten National Hurling League titles (among which were five league-championship doubles) and seven Walsh Cups. He left at the end of the 2022 season.

1981–82 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship
The 1981–82 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship was the 12th staging of the All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier inter-county club hurling tournament. The championship ran from 27 September 1981 to 16 May 1982.

Ballyhale Shamrocks of Kilkenny were the defending champions, however, they failed to qualify after being beaten by Fenians in the quarter-finals of the 1981 Kilkenny SHC. Borris–Ileigh of Tipperary, Faythe Harriers of Wexford and Tourlestrane of Sligo made their championship debuts.

The All-Ireland final was played at Semple Stadium in Thurles on 16 May 1982, between James Stephens of Kilkenny and Mount Sion of Waterford, in what was a first championship meeting between the teams. James Stephens won the match by 3–13 to 3–08 to become the first team from Kilkenny to win the title twice.

Mount Sion's Jim Greene was the championship's top scorer with 3–30.
Ron Suart
Ronald Suart (18 November 1920 – 25 March 2015) was an English football player and manager. His only honour was winning the Division Three North championship as manager of Scunthorpe & Lindsey United in 1957–58.

1957–58 in English football
The 1957–58 season was the 78th season of competitive football in England.

The season ended with Wolverhampton Wanderers as First Division champions after scoring 103 goals and Bolton Wanderers as FA Cup winners. However, the season is remembered most for the Munich air disaster which occurred on 6 February 1958 and involved Manchester United on the return flight from a European Cup quarter-final win in Yugoslavia; 23 people died as a result of their injuries in the crash, including eight of the club's players.
Government College for Women, Nawakadal Srinagar
Government College for Women, Nawakadal Srinagar commonly known as Women's college Nawakadal, Nowkadal College is a University Grants Commission recognized 2B and 12f college located in Old City Downtown Srinagar. It was established in 1961. The college is affiliated with the University of Kashmir. It is the only Women Institution in Kashmir Valley offering Commerce and management Courses.

It has been awarded grade "A" by the NAAC.

University of Kashmir
University of Kashmir (UoK), informally known as Kashmir University (KU), is a public state university located in the Hazratbal neighbourhood, on the western side of Dal Lake in the city of Srinagar, in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which was established in 1948.

The university offers undergraduate, postgraduate and doctoral programs in the fields of liberal arts, business, commerce & management studies, education, law, applied sciences & Technology, biological sciences, physical & material sciences, social sciences, medicine, dentistry, engineering, oriental learning, and music & fine arts. It was awarded Grade "A++" by the NAAC in June 2025. It was awarded rank 34 among universities in India by NIRF ranking 2025.
1948 United States Senate election in Colorado
The 1948 United States Senate election in Colorado took place on November 2, 1948. Incumbent Democratic Senator Edwin C. Johnson was re-elected to third term in a landslide over Republican Will Nicholson, a businessman and Air Force veteran, winning every county in the state.

Johnson outperformed fellow Democrat Harry S. Truman in the concurrent presidential election by 29%. As of 2023, this is the last time that an incumbent Democratic Senator from Colorado was re-elected or won re-election for this seat.

1948 United States presidential election in Colorado
The 1948 United States presidential election in Colorado took place on November 2, 1948, as part of the 1948 United States presidential election. State voters chose six representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

Colorado was won by incumbent President Harry S. Truman (D–Missouri), running with Senator Alben W. Barkley, with 51.88% of the popular vote, against Governor Thomas E. Dewey (R–New York), running with Governor Earl Warren, with 46.52% of the popular vote. As of the 2024 election, Truman remains the last candidate to carry Colorado without winning Larimer County, as well as the last Democrat to win the national election without Adams County. Colorado also marks Truman's strongest performance in a state that Dewey had won against Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1944.
P. Theagaraya Chetty
Dewan Bahadur Sir Pitti Theagaraya Chetty KCSI (27 April 1852 – 28 April 1925) was an Indian lawyer, industrialist, and prominent political leader from the erstwhile Madras province. He was one of the founders of the Justice Party in 1916, along with C. Natesa Mudaliar, Dr. T. M. Nair. Theagaraya Nagar is a locality in Chennai that is named after him. On January 1, 1919, the title Dewan Bahadur was awarded to him

Theagaraya Chetty was born in Madras Presidency. After graduating from Presidency College, Madras he served as a corporator and legislator. He had an avid interest in politics and served as a member of the Indian National Congress before founding the South Indian Liberal Federation in 1917. He served as president of the federation from 1917 until his death in 1925.

Dewan Bahadur
Dewan Bahadur or Diwan Bahadur was a title of honour awarded during British rule in India. It was awarded to individuals who had performed faithful service or acts of public welfare to the nation. From 1911, the title was accompanied by a special Title Badge. Dewan literally means 'Prime Minister' in the Indian context and Bahadur means brave.

This title was above the Rao Bahadur title, and people with the Rao Bahadur title could be elevated to the status of Diwan Bahadur.

Further, the Prime Ministers of the Indian Princely States were known as Dewan/Diwan. They were also given or promoted directly to the title of Dewan Bahadur by the British authorities on being appointed Dewan, to suit their post.

The Dewan and other similar titles issued during the British Raj were disestablished in August 1947 upon the independence of India.
2010–11 All-Ireland Junior B Club Hurling Championship
The 2010–11 All-Ireland Junior B Club Hurling Championship was the sixth staging of the All-Ireland Junior B Club Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Killeedy GAA Club in 2005.

The All-Ireland final was played on 20 March 2011 at Páirc Íde Naofa between Ballinderreen and Doneraile, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Ballinderreen won the match by 2–06 to 0–05 to claim their first ever All-Ireland title.

2005–06 All-Ireland Junior B Club Hurling Championship
The 2005–06 All-Ireland Junior B Club Hurling Championship was the inaugural staging of the All-Ireland Junior B Club Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Killeedy GAA Club. The championship ran from 12 February to 2 April 2006.

The All-Ireland final was played on 2 April 2006 at Páirc Íde Naofa, between St. Lachtain's and St. James', in what was their first ever meeting in the final. St. Lachtain's won the match by 2–18 to 3–08 to claim their first ever All-Ireland title.
Romaric (footballer)
Koffi Christian Romaric N'Dri (born 4 June 1983), commonly known as Romaric, is an Ivorian former professional footballer and current manager of Ligue 1 club AFAD Djékanou. A versatile midfielder, he could play as either a defensive or central midfielder.

He played in six countries, mainly France and Spain. He made 149 Ligue 1 appearances in the former for Le Mans and Bastia, and played 121 La Liga games in the latter for Sevilla, Espanyol and Zaragoza.

In an eight-year international career for the Ivory Coast, Romaric went to two World Cups and three Africa Cup of Nations tournaments, finishing as runners-up in the 2008 edition of the latter.

2006 Africa Cup of Nations
The 2006 Africa Cup of Nations was the 25th edition of the Africa Cup of Nations, the association football championship of Africa. It was hosted by Egypt, from 20 January to 10 February. Just like in 2004, the field of sixteen teams was split into four groups of four. Egypt won its fifth championship, beating Ivory Coast in the final 4–2 in a penalty shootout after the regulation time had ended in a goalless draw.
Binodanand Jha
Binodanand Jha (17 April 1900 – 1971), also known as Pandit Binodanand Jha, was an Indian politician originally from the district of Deoghar, Bihar (Baidyanathdham Deoghar), now in Jharkhand. He was educated at the Central Calcutta College, (now Maulana Azad College) of the University of Calcutta. He was the Chief Minister of Bihar from February 1961 to October 1963. He was elected to the 5th Lok Sabha, lower house of the Parliament of India, from the Darbhanga constituency of Bihar in 1971. He was a member of the Constituent Assembly of India in 1948 from Bihar.

5th Lok Sabha
The 5th Lok Sabha (15 March 1971 — 18 January 1977) of India was elected during February–March 1971.The term of the House was extended two times by one year at a time. However, the House was dissolved after having been in existence for a period of five years, 10 months, and six days. The Lok Sabha (House of the People) is the lower house in the Parliament of India. 4 sitting members from Rajya Sabha were elected to 5th Lok Sabha after the 1971 Indian general election.

Indira Gandhi was the Prime Minister as in the previous 4th Lok Sabha. However, INC lost 198 seats in the next 6th Lok Sabha, which was constituted after the 1977 Indian general election.
Indonesia at the 2024 Summer Olympics
Indonesia competed at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris from 26 July to 11 August 2024. It was the nation's seventeenth appearance at the Summer Olympics, except for two occasions, Tokyo 1964 due to GANEFO concerns, and Moscow 1980 due to US led boycott.

Indonesia left Paris with three medals (two golds and one bronze), two medals fewer than its previous Olympic appearance in 2020. Despite this, the 2024 Games was the first time since 1992 that Indonesia won two gold medals, achieved by Veddriq Leonardo in the speed category of sport climbing and Rizki Juniansyah in weightlifting. Both were the country's first gold medals outside of badminton. Meanwhile, Indonesian athletes failed to win any gold medals in badminton for only the second time since 1992 (the other time being the 2012 Summer Olympics in London), though unlike 2012, Gregoria Mariska Tunjung managed to secure a bronze medal in women's singles.

Indonesia at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Indonesia competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain. 42 competitors, 27 men and 15 women, took part in 31 events in 10 sports. They won both Men's and Women's singles as their first gold medal here from badminton that appeared for the first time at the summer Olympics. They made it the first time Indonesia won gold at the Olympics, and also made Indonesia the first Southeast Asian country to win gold. Alan Budikusuma and Susi Susanti, who later married, had the Olympic anthem played on their wedding day.
William Hyde Rice
William Hyde Rice (July 23, 1846 – June 15, 1924) was a businessman and politician who served in the Kingdom of Hawaii, during the Kingdom's Overthrow, and in the following Republic of Hawaii and Territory of Hawaii governments. He collected and published legends of Hawaiian mythology.

Sugar plantations in Hawaii
Sugarcane was introduced to Hawaiʻi by its first inhabitants in approximately 600 AD and was observed by Captain Cook upon arrival in the islands in 1778. Sugar quickly turned into a big business and generated rapid population growth in the islands with 337,000 people immigrating over the span of a century. The sugar grown and processed in Hawaiʻi was shipped primarily to the United States and, in smaller quantities, globally. Sugarcane and pineapple plantations were the largest employers in Hawaiʻi. Sugar production ended in 2016, with a small quantity of sugarcane still being grown for the manufacture of Rhum agricole.
Riviersonderend Mountains
The Riviersonderend Mountains are a mountain range in the Cape Fold Belt of the Western Cape province of South Africa. They run east to west from Riviersonderend to Villiersdorp, separating the Breede River Valley from the Overberg region. They are composed of Table Mountain Sandstone and attain a maximum height near McGregor and Riviersonderend as Pilaarkop (Afrikaans: Pillar Head (1654m)). The ranges are rich in fynbos flora and experience a typical Mediterranean climate.

The name stems from the Sonderend River, and was originally a literal translation of the Khoi-khoi name "Kannakamkanna" ("river without end") into Afrikaans.

Riviersonderend
Riviersonderend is a village in the Overberg region of the Western Cape, South Africa, about 140 kilometres (87 mi) east of Cape Town. It is located on a loop of the Sonderend River, from which it takes its name. In the census of 2011 it was recorded as having a population of 5,245. The N2 national road passes through Riviersonderend, forming its main street; it is 161 kilometres (100 mi) by road from central Cape Town.
Analysis of European colonialism and colonization
Western European colonialism and colonization was the Western European policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political control over other societies and territories, founding a colony, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically. For example, colonial policies, such as the type of rule implemented, the nature of investments,  and identity of the colonizers, are cited as impacting postcolonial states. Examination of the state-building process, economic development, and cultural norms and mores shows the direct and indirect consequences of colonialism on the postcolonial states. It has been estimated that Britain and France traced almost 50% of the entire length of today's international boundaries as a result of British and French imperialism.

Underdevelopment
Underdevelopment, in the context of international development, reflects a broad condition or phenomena defined and critiqued by theorists in fields such as economics, development studies, and postcolonial studies. Used primarily to distinguish states along benchmarks concerning human development—such as macro-economic growth, health, education, and standards of living—an "underdeveloped" state is framed as the antithesis of a "developed", modern, or industrialized state. Popularized, dominant images of underdeveloped states include those that have less stable economies, less democratic political regimes, greater poverty, malnutrition, and poorer public health and education systems.

Underdevelopment per Walter Rodney is primarily made of two components, a comparative aspect as well the relationship of exploitation: namely, the exploitation of one country by another.
Amar, India
Amar is a village in Porbandar district, which forms a part of the state of Gujarat, India. It lies approximately 20 miles (32 km) from Porbandar on the banks of the river Dudhi. At the 2001 census, the population of the Porbandar district was 536,835.

Porbandar district
Porbandar district is one of the 33 districts of Gujarat state in western India. The district covers an area of 2,316 km2. It had a population of 5.85,449 of which 48.77% were urban as of the 2011 census. This district was carved out of Junagadh district. It lies on the Kathiawar peninsula. Porbandar city is the administrative headquarters of this district. This district is surrounded by Jamnagar district and Devboomi Dwarka to the north, Junagadh district and Rajkot district to the east and the Arabian Sea to the west and south.

As of 2011 it is the second least-populous district of Gujarat (out of 33), after Dang.
Matrix congruence
In mathematics, two square matrices A and B over a field are called congruent if there exists an invertible matrix P  over the same field such that

PTAP = B

where "T" denotes the matrix transpose.  Matrix congruence is an equivalence relation.

Matrix congruence arises when considering the effect of change of basis on the Gram matrix attached to a bilinear form or quadratic form on a finite-dimensional vector space: two matrices are congruent if and only if they represent the same bilinear form with respect to different bases.

Note that Halmos defines congruence in terms of conjugate transpose (with respect to a complex inner product space) rather than transpose, but this definition has not been adopted by most other authors.

Dimension (vector space)
In mathematics, the dimension of a vector space V is the cardinality (i.e., the number of vectors) of a basis of V over its base field. It is sometimes called Hamel dimension (after Georg Hamel) or algebraic dimension to distinguish it from other types of dimension.

For every vector space there exists a basis, and all bases of a vector space have equal cardinality; as a result, the dimension of a vector space is uniquely defined. We say  is finite-dimensional if the dimension of  is finite, and infinite-dimensional if its dimension is infinite.

The dimension of the vector space  over the field  can be written as  or as  read "dimension of  over ". When  can be inferred from context,  is typically written.
2015 Abu Dhabi Tour
The 2015 Abu Dhabi Tour was a men's cycling stage race, that took place between 8-11 October 2015. It was the inaugural edition of the Abu Dhabi Tour and was part of the 2015 UCI Asia Tour.

The event featured prominent riders, including newly crowned World Champion Peter Sagan in his first race appearance after the Championship race. The Astana team were captained by Vincenzo Nibali, who won the Giro di Lombardia a couple of days prior. He was assisted by Fabio Aru, winner of the Vuelta a España.

2015 UCI Asia Tour
The 2015 UCI Asia Tour was the 11th season of the UCI Asia Tour. The season began on 1 February 2015 with the Le Tour de Filipinas and ended on 19 December 2015 with the Tour of Al Zubarah.

The points leader, based on the cumulative results of previous races, wears the UCI Asia Tour cycling jersey. Samad Pourseyedi from Iran is the defending champion of the 2013–14 UCI Asia Tour.

Throughout the season, points are awarded to the top finishers of stages within stage races and the final general classification standings of each of the stages races and one-day events. The quality and complexity of a race also determines how many points are awarded to the top finishers, the higher the UCI rating of a race, the more points are awarded.

The UCI ratings from highest to lowest are as follows:

Multi-day events: 2.HC, 2.1 and 2.2

One-day events: 1.HC, 1.1 and 1.2
South32
South32 Limited is a mining and metals company headquartered in Perth, Western Australia. It was spun out of BHP Billiton on 18 May 2015. It is listed on the Australian Securities Exchange with secondary listings on the Johannesburg and London Stock Exchanges.

Corporate spin-off
A corporate spin-off, also known as a spin-out, starburst or hive-off, is a type of corporate action where a company "splits off" a section as a separate business or creates a second incarnation, even if the first is still active. It is distinct from a sell-off, where a company sells a section to another company or firm in exchange for cash or securities.