hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mahen Gunasekera
Senerath Gunesekera Vidaneralalage Mahen Dias Gunasekera (born 29 March 1953) was a Sri Lankan lawyer and politician. He was elected from the Gampaha District from the United National Party to the Parliament of Sri Lanka in the 1989 general elections and served as Deputy Minister of Justice. He was the third son of Bennet Gunasekera.

Minister of Justice (Sri Lanka)
The minister justice, public administration, provincial councils, local government and labour is an appointment in the Cabinet of Sri Lanka.

The constitution defines that it is mandatory for a minister of the cabinet to be styled as the minister of justice. From 1947 to 1970, per section 48 of the constitution, the minister of justice was one of two ministers appointed from the Senate of Ceylon, as such appointments have been held by advocates. It succeeded the office of Legal Secretary of Ceylon which existed from 1932 to 1947.
Giganteopalpus
Giganteopalpus is a monotypic moth genus in the family Sphingidae first described by Adolph Huwe in 1895. Its only species, Giganteopalpus mirabilis, described by Walter Rothschild in 1895, is known from Sundaland.

It is very similar to Eurypteryx species but can be distinguished by its enlarged labial palps, with the second segment being broader than it is long, and the costal margin of the hindwing having a prominent antemedian lobe.

The larvae possibly feed on Araceae species.

Walter Rothschild, 2nd Baron Rothschild
Lionel Walter Rothschild, 2nd Baron Rothschild, Baron de Rothschild (8 February 1868 – 27 August 1937), was a British banker, politician, zoologist, and soldier, who was a member of the Rothschild family. As a Zionist leader, he was presented with the Balfour Declaration, which pledged British support for a Jewish national home in Palestine. Rothschild was the president of the Board of Deputies of British Jews from 1925 to 1926.
Mysterious bird of Bobairo
The mysterious bird of Bobairo, named as such by Errol Fuller, is a bird in the family Paradisaeidae that is presumed to be an intergeneric hybrid between a black sicklebill and greater lophorina.  Only one adult male specimen is known of this bird, and is held in the Netherlands National Museum of Natural History in Leiden.  It derives from Bobairo, near Enarotali on Lake Paniai in the Weyland Mountains of Western New Guinea.

Bird-of-paradise
The birds-of-paradise are members of the family Paradisaeidae of the order Passeriformes. They are found mainly in New Guinea, as well as eastern Australia and the Moluccas. The family has 44 species in 17 genera. The members of this family are perhaps best known for the plumage of the males of the species, the majority of which are sexually dimorphic. The males of these species tend to have very long, elaborate feathers extending from the beak, wings, tail, or head. For the most part, they are confined to dense rainforest habitats. The diet of all species is dominated by fruit and to a lesser extent arthropods. The birds-of-paradise have a variety of breeding systems, ranging from monogamy to lek-type polygamy.

A number of species are threatened by hunting and habitat loss.
1986 Wexford Senior Hurling Championship
The 1986 Wexford Senior Hurling Championship was the 76th completed staging of the Wexford Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Wexford County Board in 1889.

Buffers Alley entered the championship as the defending champions.

The final was played on 5 October 1986 at Wexford Park, between Rathnure and Buffers Alley, in what was their fifth meeting in the final overall and a first meeting in six years. Rathnure won the match by 2–16 to 1–14 to claim their 13th championship title overall and a first title in six years.

Chadwicks Wexford Park
Chadwicks Wexford Park is a GAA stadium in Wexford, County Wexford, Ireland. It is the home of Wexford GAA's Gaelic football and hurling teams. After a recent development the ground has a capacity of about 18,000.
It is located in the Clonard area on the outskirts of Wexford Town.

In 2015, a local technology company, Innovate Business Technology, bought the naming rights to the stadium. The new name was Innovate Wexford Park. In 2020, Chadwicks builders' providers replaced Innovate as the name sponsor of the stadium.
Hoffler Creek
Hoffler Creek is a 2.1-mile-long (3.4 km) tidal inlet of the James River on its southern side in Hampton Roads. It forms the boundary between the cities of Portsmouth and Suffolk, Virginia. The mouth of the creek is between the Nansemond River to the west and Craney Island to the east.

Normally a tranquil salt marsh, the estuary can change dramatically with tide, wind and rain. In 2003, Hurricane Isabel caused significant flooding into yards abutting the creek. Less dramatic flooding occurs with Nor'easter storms, which often last several days.

Tidal creek
A tidal creek or tidal channel is a narrow inlet or estuary that is affected by the ebb and flow of ocean tides. Thus, it has variable salinity and electrical conductivity over the tidal cycle, and flushes salts from inland soils. Tidal creeks are characterized by slow water velocity, resulting in buildup of fine, organic sediment in wetlands. Creeks may often be a dry to muddy channel with little or no flow at low tide, but with significant depth of water at high tide. Due to the temporal variability of water quality parameters within the tidally influenced zone, there are unique biota associated with tidal creeks which are often specialised to such zones. Nutrients and organic matter are delivered downstream to habitats normally lacking these, while the creeks also provide access to inland habitat for salt-water organisms.
Sad Sam
Sad Sam is the nickname of:

Sam Gray (baseball) (1897–1953), American Major League Baseball pitcher

Sad Sam Jones (1892–1966), American Major League Baseball pitcher

Sam Thompson (pitcher) (1908–1978), American Negro league pitcher

Sam Zoldak (1918–1966), American Major League Baseball pitcher

Sam Thompson (pitcher)
Samuel Thompson (May 27, 1908 – January 29, 1978), nicknamed "Sad Sam", was an American pitcher in the Negro leagues from 1932 to 1942.

A native of Sulligent, Alabama, Thompson attended Sumner High School and Wiley College. He pitched for over a decade in the Negro leagues, and was often ranked among the league's top hurlers.

Thompson died in Los Angeles, California in 1978 at age 69.
Dwumfour
Dwumfour is an African surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Eunice Dwumfour (1993–2023), American councilwoman

Michael Dwumfour (born 1998), American football player

Randy Dwumfour (born 2000), Ghanaian footballer

Michael Dwumfour
Michael Dwumfour (born January 1, 1998) is an American professional football defensive tackle for the St. Louis Battlehawks of the United Football League (UFL). He played college football for the Michigan Wolverines and Rutgers Scarlet Knights. He was signed by the New York Jets as an undrafted free agent in 2021. He has also played for the Houston Texans and San Francisco 49ers.
USS New England (1861)
The first USS New England was a whaler purchased by the Union Navy at New London, Connecticut, on November 21, 1861.

New England was used in the "Stone Fleet" as an obstruction at Maffit's Channel, Charleston Harbor, South Carolina, on January 25, 1862.

Union navy
The Union navy is used to describe the United States Navy (USN) during the American Civil War, when it fought the Confederate States Navy (CSN). The term is sometimes used to describe vessels of war used on the rivers of the interior under the control of the Union army.
Phulek
Phulek is a village development committee in the Himalayas of Terhathum District in the Kosi Zone of eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 1566 people living in 269 individual households.

Kosi Zone
Kosi or Koshi (Nepali: कोसी अञ्चल, Nepali: कोशी अञ्चल Listenⓘ) was one of the fourteen zones of Nepal until the restructure of zones to provinces. The headquarters of Kosi Zone was Biratnagar which was also its largest city. Other cities of Kosi Zone were Inaruwa, Dharan, Dhankuta, Jhumka, Duhabi, Tarahara and Itahari. Its main rivers were Arun, Tamor and Sapta Koshi.
Rebecca at the Well (painting)
Rebecca at the Well (Italian: Rebecca al pozzo) is an 1831 history painting by the Italian artist Francesco Hayez. It features the Old Testament biblical figure Rebecca at the well where she will encounter her future husband Isaac.

The painting was commissioned by the Roman nobleman and supporter of Italian unification Gaetano Taccioli, who was to commission further works by Hayez. The artist returned to the theme in 1848 and produced a second version with slight variations which is now in the Brera Academy in his native Milan

Commission (art)
In art, a commission is the act of requesting the creation of a piece, often on behalf of another. Artwork may be commissioned by private individuals, by the government, or businesses. Commissions often resemble endorsement or sponsorship.

In classical music, ensembles often commission pieces from composers, where the ensemble secures the composer's payment from private or public organizations or donors.
Madonna and Child with Saints (Annibale Carracci, 1593)
Madonna and Child with Saints, Madonna and Child Enthroned with the Infant St John the Baptist, St John the Evangelist and Saint Catherine of Alexandria or the San Giorgio Madonna is a 1593 oil painting on canvas by the Italian Baroque painter Annibale Carracci, originally in the Landini chapel in the church of San Giorgio in Poggiale, Bologna. During the 19th century the conservation conditions there worsened and it was moved to the Accademia di Belle Arti for restoration, before being moved to its current home in the then-new Pinacoteca Nazionale di Bologna. It is signed and dated "ANNI CARR FE MDXCIII".

Andrea del Sarto
Andrea del Sarto (US: /ɑːnˌdreɪə dɛl ˈsɑːrtoʊ/, UK: /ænˌ-/, Italian: [anˈdrɛːa del ˈsarto]; 16 July 1486 – 29 September 1530) was an Italian painter from Florence, whose career flourished during the High Renaissance and early Mannerism. He was known as an outstanding fresco decorator, painter of altarpieces, portraitist, draughtsman, and colorist. Although highly regarded during his lifetime as an artist senza errori ("without errors"), his renown was eclipsed after his death by that of his contemporaries Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo and Raphael.
Relix's Best of the New New Riders of the Purple Sage
Relix's Best of the New New Riders of the Purple Sage is an album by the country rock band the New Riders of the Purple Sage. It was released on March 11, 1997.  It contains previously released songs that were recorded between 1989 and 1993 and that were selected from three albums on the Relix Records label.  It was a follow-up to the 1995 compilation Relix's Best of the Early New Riders of the Purple Sage.

The albums excerpted on Relix's Best of the New New Riders of the Purple Sage are Keep On Keepin' On (a studio album released in 1989), Midnight Moonlight (a studio album released in 1992), and Live in Japan (a live album recorded in 1993 and released in 1994).

Midnight Moonlight
Midnight Moonlight is the thirteenth studio album by the New Riders of the Purple Sage, released in 1992 on the Relix Records label.

Midnight Moonlight features studio recordings of original and cover songs, performed in a style heavily influenced by bluegrass and American folk music.  The instrumentation is largely acoustic, with no drums.  This is in contrast to most earlier New Riders albums, which emphasized electric country rock.
Shih Shih-chi
Shih Shih-chi (Chinese: 施士洁; 1853–1922), original name Ying Chia (應嘉), courtesy name Yün Fang (澐舫), art name Yün K'uang (芸況) or Chê Yüan (喆園), was a Hoklo Taiwanese. He and his father, Shih Ch'iung-fang (施瓊芳), were the only father-son jinshi (presented scholars) of the Qing Dynasty in Taiwan. He was a rare literary talent in Taiwan's modern literary scene, excelling in poetry, lyrics, and prose. Since Shih shared the same birthdate as the Song Dynasty literatus Su Shi (蘇東坡), he often compared himself to Su Shi, even naming his poem collection as A Shrine After Su (後蘇龕). Huang Tien-Ch'üan, a literary and history scholar, compiled A Collection of Shrines After Su (後蘇龕合集)  based on his manuscripts.

Jinshi
Jinshi (Chinese: 進士; pinyin: jìnshì) was the highest and final degree in the imperial examination in Imperial China. The examination was usually taken in the imperial capital in the palace, and was also called the Metropolitan Exam. Recipients are sometimes referred to in English-language sources as Imperial Scholars.

The highest scoring jinshi in the country was known as the zhuangyuan, a term that survives today in China as a high scoring gaokao test taker or just someone who is very good at a skill.
Ailín I, Earl of Lennox
Mormaer Ailín I of Lennox, also Alún or Alwin, ruled Lennox sometime before 1178. He is an obscure figure, known only in two sources, and remains characterless. It is not certain that he was ever recognized as a Mormaer of Lennox, although one source does call him that. In the 1170s, Lennox was in the nominal possession of David, the brother of King William I. David was given the territory as a fief of the crown in 1178.

However, the land was restored to a native magnate, Ailin's son Ailín, and recognized as a Mormaer (comes). The reasons for this are unknown. Perhaps the crown had never really controlled it; or perhaps, as Neville suggests (p. 15), the frontier region of Lennox lost its importance after the defeat and death of Somhairle mac Gille Bhrigdhe. Part of the reason was undoubtedly the promotion of David to the Earldom of Huntingdon.

Mormaer
In early medieval Scotland, a mormaer was the Gaelic name for a regional or provincial ruler, theoretically second only to the King of Scots, and the senior of a Toísech (chieftain). Mormaers were equivalent to English earls or Continental counts, and the term is often translated into English as 'earl'.
HMS Eglinton
Two ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Eglinton.

HMS Eglinton (1916) was a Racecourse-class minesweeper launched in 1916 and sold in 1922.

HMS Eglinton (L87) was a Hunt-class destroyer launched in 1939 and scrapped in 1956.

HMS Eglinton (1916)
HMS Eglinton was a Racecourse-class minesweeper of the Royal Navy built in 1916. The Racecourse Class (also called the Ascot Class) comprised 32 paddlewheel coastal minesweeping sloops. The vessel was named for Eglinton Racecourse.
Casualty series 39
The thirty-ninth series of the British medical drama television series Casualty commenced airing in the United Kingdom on BBC One on 10 August 2024 and concluded on the 12 July 2025. The series focuses on the professional and personal lives of medical and ancillary staff at the emergency department (ED) of the fictional Holby City Hospital. Liza Mellody continued as series producer, with Roxanne Harvey taking over as executive producer following the departure of Jon Sen. Series 39 begins with the second half of the miniseries Storm Damage, continuing from the previous series, and continues with the miniseries Public Property, Internal Affairs and first four episodes of Supply and Demand.

Medical drama
A medical drama is a television movie or film in which events center upon a hospital, clinic, doctor's office, a paramedic, or any other medical topic or environment. Most recent medical dramatic programming goes beyond the events pertaining to the characters' jobs and portray some aspects of their personal lives. The longest running prime-time medical drama in the world is the British series Casualty, airing since 1986, and the longest running medical soap opera is General Hospital, running since 1963.
217th (Qu'Appelle) Battalion, CEF
The 217th Battalion, CEF was a unit in the Canadian Expeditionary Force during the First World War.  Based in Moosomin, Saskatchewan, the unit began recruiting in early 1916 throughout the district.  After sailing to England in June 1917, the battalion was absorbed into the 19th Reserve Battalion on June 9, 1917.  The 217th Battalion, CEF had one Officer Commanding: Lieut-Col. A. B. Gillis.

The 217th Battalion, CEF is currently perpetuated by the 10th Field Artillery Regiment, RCA.

Canadian Expeditionary Force
The Canadian Expeditionary Force (CEF; French: Corps expéditionnaire canadien) was the expeditionary field force of Canada during the First World War. It was formed on August 15, 1914, following Britain’s declaration of war on the German Empire, with an initial strength of one infantry division. The division subsequently fought at Ypres on the Western Front, with a newly raised second division reinforcing the committed units to form the Canadian Corps. The CEF and corps was eventually expanded to four infantry divisions, which were all committed to the fighting in France and Belgium along the Western Front. A fifth division was partially raised in 1917, but was broken up in 1918 and used as reinforcements following heavy casualties.
Super-Poissonian distribution
In mathematics, a super-Poissonian distribution is a probability distribution that has a larger variance than a Poisson distribution with the same mean. Conversely, a sub-Poissonian distribution has a smaller variance.

An example of a super-Poissonian distribution is the negative binomial distribution.

The Poisson distribution is a result of a process where the time (or an equivalent measure) between events has an exponential distribution, representing a memoryless process.

Memorylessness
In probability and statistics, memorylessness is a property of probability distributions. It describes situations where previous failures or elapsed time does not affect future trials or further wait time. Only the geometric and exponential distributions are memoryless.
E. R. Ward Neale
Ernest Richard Ward Neale, OC FRSC (July 3, 1923 – May 20, 2008) was a Canadian geologist. His scientific research contributed to the understanding of the large-scale structure of the northern Appalachian mountains of Atlantic Canada. Neale used his enthusiasm for geology to inform students and the general public about discoveries in his field through television, radio, pamphlets, booklets, news magazines, and the popular press.

Neale worked with the Geological Survey of Canada and Memorial University of Newfoundland. He, along with John Rodgers of Yale University, were the first to recognize the transported oceanic sedimentary rocks that overlie ancient shelf deposits in western Newfoundland.

Royal Society of Canada
The Royal Society of Canada (RSC; French: Société royale du Canada, SRC), also known as the Academies of Arts, Humanities, and Sciences of Canada (French: Académies des arts, des lettres et des sciences du Canada), is the senior national, bilingual council of distinguished Canadian scholars, humanists, scientists, and artists in Canada.

As Canada's national academy, the RSC exists to promote Canadian research and scholarly accomplishment in both of Canada's official languages; advise governments, non-governmental organizations, and Canadians generally on matters of public interest; recognize academic and artistic excellence; and mentor young scholars and artists.
Excelsior Academy
Excelsior Academy is a mixed all-through school and sixth form. It was opened in September 2008 as a replacement for the Westgate Community College and is situated in the west end of Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.

The academy was originally for secondary school pupils aged 11 to 18 including a sixth form. It had four sections to the school, which were Jefferson, Milburn, Hadrian and Armstrong.

In mid-2013, Armstrong and Jefferson merged into one large school named Collingwood. In 2012 it was announced that the school would create a primary school called Rainbird, and have an age range of 3 to 19.

The three main secondary schools are based on their own specialist subjects individually:

The school is currently part of the Laidlaw Schools Trust and is sponsored by Lord Laidlaw.

The academy has also been listed in the 200 most improved schools nationally identified by the Department for Education.

Department for Education
The Department for Education (DfE) is a ministerial department of the Government of the United Kingdom. It is responsible for child protection, child services, education (compulsory, further, and higher education), apprenticeships, and wider skills in England.

A Department for Education previously existed between 1992, when the Department of Education and Science was renamed, and 1995, when it was merged with the Department for Employment to become the Department for Education and Employment.

The current holder of Secretary of State for Education is the Rt Hon Bridget Phillipson MP and Susan Acland-Hood is the permanent secretary.

The expenditure, administration, and policy of the Department of Education are scrutinised by the Education Select Committee.
Sepioloidea magna
Sepioloidea magna is a species of cephalopod, more precisely a bottletail squid, of the family Sepiadariidae, indigenous to the waters off northern Australia. It was described by Amanda Reid in 2009 from specimens which were found in the Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory in Darwin, Northern Territory. It differs from its congeners in the genus Sepioloidea in its larger size, its modified hectocotylus, the number of tentacular club suckers and the absence of an obvious colour pattern It has been recorded from relatively deep water, between 225m and 300m, in the Arafura Sea north of Darwin, Australia, and south of the eastern Indonesian islands of Tanimbar. Other specimens identified as Sepioloidea and occurring at similar depths, from the North West Shelf, Scott Reef and the Timor Sea probably also represent this species.

Amanda Reid (taxonomist)
Amanda "Mandy" Louise Reid is an Australian taxonomist and malacologist. She held the position of collection manager of malacology at the Australian Museum from 2010 to 2023. She is a published researcher and author. Her research has resulted in the description of many species of velvet worms and cephalopods.
Rock Advertising Ltd v MWB Business Exchange Centres Ltd
Rock Advertising Ltd v MWB Business Exchange Centres Ltd [2018] UKSC 24 is a judicial decision of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom relating to contract law, concerning consideration and estoppel. Specifically it concerned the effectiveness of "no oral variation" clauses, which provide that any amendments or waiver in relation to the contract must be in writing.

Foakes v Beer
Foakes v Beer [1884] UKHL 1 is an English contract law case, which applied the controversial pre-existing duty rule in the context of part payments of debts. It is a leading case from the House of Lords on the legal concept of consideration. It established the rule that prevents parties from discharging an obligation by part performance, affirming Pinnel's Case (1602) 5 Co Rep 117a. In that case it was said that "payment of a lesser sum on the day [i.e., on or after the due date of a money debt] cannot be any satisfaction of the whole."