hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Platanthera elegans
Platanthera elegans is a species of orchid known by several common names, including elegant piperia,  coast piperia, hillside rein orchid, and hillside bogorchid. This is a showy flowering plant native to western North America. It grows from a caudex tuber and sends up a thick stem just under a meter in maximum height. The stem is topped with a cylindrical spike inflorescence of densely packed flowers with curving white to greenish-yellow petals.  Coastal individuals are noticeably thicker and have more flowers than those that grow further inland; it is uncertain if these are variants, subspecies, or even separate species. They are both currently treated as P. elegans. Other species of Plantanthera, notably the endangered species P. yadonii are quite similar in appearance to some populations of this species.

Caudex
A caudex (pl.: caudices) of a plant is a stem, but the term is also used to mean a rootstock and particularly a basal stem structure from which new growth arises.

In the strict sense of the term, meaning a stem, "caudex" is most often used with plants that have a different stem morphology from the typical angiosperm dicotyledon stem; examples include palms, ferns, and cycads. The largest of all caudices is that of the ombu (Phytolacca dioica) of the Pampas of South America, which can reach up to 14 metres girth.

The related term caudiciform, literally meaning stem-like, is sometimes used to mean pachycaul, thick-stemmed. Caudices should not be confused with lignotubers which can also be very large.
Sandy Frances Duncan
Sandy Frances Duncan is a Canadian writer of novels, mysteries, and short stories. Her novel Gold Rush Orphan was among the finalists for the Sheila A. Egoff Children's Literature Prize in 2005. She has contributed short fiction to anthologies, including Dropped Threads: What We Aren't Told and Celebrating Canadian Women, and to magazines including Makara, Northern Journey, and Canadian Fiction.

Duncan, born in Vancouver in 1942, holds bachelor's and master's degrees from the University of British Columbia. She worked as a psychologist at Woodlands School, New Westminster, British Columbia; Burnaby Mental Health Center in Burnaby, and for the Metropolitan Health Department in Vancouver before turning to writing full-time in 1973.

New Westminster
New Westminster (colloquially known as New West, hən̓q̓əmin̓əm̓: sӽəyəməɬ) is a city in the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia, Canada, and a member municipality of the Metro Vancouver Regional District.

It was founded in 1858 by Richard Clement Moody as the capital of the Colony of British Columbia, and served as such until the mainland and Vancouver Island colonies were merged to form the new Colony of British Columbia in 1866. It was the British Columbia mainland's largest city from its foundation until the first decade of the 20th century, when it was surpassed in population by Vancouver.

It is located on the banks of the Fraser River as it turns southwest towards its estuary, on the southwest side of the Burrard Peninsula and roughly at the centre of the Greater Vancouver region.
WALV-FM
WALV-FM (95.3 FM) is a non-commercial radio station licensed to Ooltewah, Tennessee, United States, and serving the Chattanooga metropolitan area. Owned by Radio Training Network (RTN), the station airs programming from RTN's "The Joy FM" Christian adult contemporary network.

The transmitter and tower are along Taft Highway (U.S. Route 127) in Signal Mountain, Tennessee. WALV-FM broadcasts in HD Radio: its digital subchannels air formats ranging from worship music to Christian contemporary hit radio to Christian talk and teaching, and feed several FM translators.

Digital subchannel
In broadcasting, digital subchannels are a method of transmitting more than one independent program stream simultaneously from the same digital radio or television station on the same radio frequency channel. This is done by using data compression techniques to reduce the size of each individual program stream, and multiplexing to combine them into a single signal. The practice is sometimes called "multicasting".
Michael J. Osborne
Michael J. Osborne (born September 20, 1949, in Amarillo, Texas) is an American author, inventor, entrepreneur, and energy policymaker. He was one of three founding members of the Texas Renewable Energy Industries Alliance (TREIA). His public service appointments have included the steering committees of the State of Texas Energy Policy Partnership (STEPP) and the Sustainable Energy Development Council under Governor Ann Richards; and later, the Texas Energy Coordination Council appointed by Governor George W. Bush. As chair of the Austin Electric Utility Commission, Osborne has traveled internationally to speak and consult about the Texas energy experience.  In 2015, he was part of the Austin, Texas, delegation to the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference held in Paris, France.

Austin Energy
Austin Energy is a publicly owned utility providing electrical power to the city of Austin, Texas and surrounding areas. Established in 1895, the utility is a department of the City of Austin and returns its profits to the city's general fund to finance other city services. Austin Energy is the United States' 7th largest public utility, serving more than 500,000 customers and more than one million residents (as of 2019) within a service area of approximately 437 square miles (1,130 km2), including the Austin, Travis County and a small portion of Williamson County.
Marc Egerson
Marc Egerson (born 1986) is an American professional basketball player who last played for the Saint John Mill Rats of the National Basketball League of Canada.

Before going professional, Egerson was an American college basketball player for the University of Delaware Blue Hens men's basketball program.  He was named to the 2009 National Association of Basketball Coaches Division 1 All-District 10 First Team and was named to the 2009 All-Colonial Athletic Association First Team.

Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens men's basketball
The Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens men's basketball team is the basketball team that represents University of Delaware in Newark, Delaware. The school's team was first fielded on the 1905–06 season, and currently competes in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) at the Division I level as a member of Conference USA (CUSA) since 2025. Home games are played at the Acierno Arena at the Bob Carpenter Center. Delaware has appeared six times in the NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament, most recently in 2022.

The Blue Hens are coached by Martin Ingelsby who has been the head coach since 2016. After the 2024–25 season, Delaware left the Coastal Athletic Association to join Conference USA.
Chuxiongosaurus
Chuxiongosaurus (meaning "Chuxiong lizard") is a genus of basal sauropodomorph dinosaur which lived during the Early Jurassic Period. Fossils of this genus have been found in the Lower Lufeng Formation, Yunnan Province, southern China. Identified from the holotype CMY LT9401 a nearly complete skull (including a lower jaw) with some similarities to Thecodontosaurus, it was described as the "first basal sauropod dinosaur from the Early Jurassic of China," more basal than Anchisaurus. It was named by Lü Junchang, Yoshitsugu Kobayashi, Li Tianguang and Zhong Shimin in 2010, and the type species is Chuxiongosaurus lufengensis. It is a possible junior synonym of Jingshanosaurus.

Lü Junchang
Lü Junchang (Chinese: 吕君昌; 1965 – 9 October 2018) was a Chinese palaeontologist and professor at the Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences. An expert on Mesozoic reptiles, he described and named dozens of dinosaur and pterosaur taxa including Tongtianlong, Qianzhousaurus, Heyuannia, Gannansaurus, Yunnanosaurus youngi, and Darwinopterus.
Sărdănești Power Station
The Sărdăneşti Power Station will be one of the largest electricity producers in Romania, having 4 groups of 175 MW each totalling an installed capacity of 700 MW and an electricity generation capacity of around 5.3 TW/year.

The power plant will be situated in Gorj County (South-Western Romania) on the banks of the Jiu River in Sărdăneşti. The construction of the power plant will begin in 2009 and it will be finished in 2013 at a total cost of US$ 1.3 billion.

Gorj County
Gorj County (Romanian pronunciation: [ɡorʒ] ⓘ) is a county (județ) of Romania, in Oltenia, with its capital city at Târgu Jiu. Gorj comes from the Slavic Gornji Jiu (“upper Jiu”), in contrast with Dolnji (“lower Jiu”).
Bradwell v. Illinois
Bradwell v. State of Illinois, 83 U.S. (16 Wall.) 130 (1873), was a United States Supreme Court case which ruled that women were not granted the right to practice a profession under the United States Constitution. The case was brought to the court by Myra Bradwell, who sought to be admitted to the bar to practice law in Illinois. The Court ruled that the Privileges and Immunities Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment did not include the right to practice a profession as a woman. This court case was a Fourteenth Amendment challenge to sex discrimination in the United States, and it no longer reflects current legal standards as current Title VII Laws restrict employment discrimination based on gender.

Privileges and Immunities Clause
The Privileges and Immunities Clause (U.S. Constitution, Article IV, Section 2, Clause 1, also known as the Comity Clause) prevents a state of the United States from treating citizens of other states in a discriminatory manner.  Additionally, a right of interstate travel is associated with the clause.
Bird Dog (song)
"Bird Dog" is a song written by Boudleaux Bryant and recorded by the Everly Brothers. It was released in 1958 and was a No. 1 hit on the
Billboard Country Chart for six weeks. The song also hit No. 2 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 (stalled behind Domenico Modugno's "Nel blu, dipinto di Blu (Volare)" and Tommy Edwards' "It's All in the Game"), as well as peaking at no. 2 for three weeks on the R&B charts.

Tommy Edwards
Thomas Jefferson Edwards (February 17, 1922 – October 23, 1969) was an American singer and songwriter. His most successful record was the multi-million-selling song "It's All in the Game", becoming the first African-American to reach No. 1 on the Billboard Hot 100.
Game Story
Game Story is a Czech documentary series that maps history of video game development in the Czech Republic. All 10 episodes were released on 6 April 2024. It was originally announced as Bitová Generace (Bit Generation).

The series starts with 1980s video gaming in the Czech Republic focusing on František Fuka and Golden Triangle which also included Miroslav Fídler a Tomáš Rylek. The series then shows 1990s Brno gaming community where Jarek Kolář and Petr Vlček formed Pterodon Software creating first major adventure games. They later continued development under Petr Vochozka's company. The series also shows 1990s gaming community and video gaming journalism in 1990s. Major focus is on creation of various major video game titles such as Operation Flashpoint: Cold War Crisis, Mafia, Samorost, Euro Truck Simulator, Factorio or Beat Saber.

Samorost
Samorost is a puzzle point-and-click adventure game developed by Amanita Design. The first game of the Samorost series was released in 2003 for free on the Amanita Design website. Two sequels were released, Samorost 2 in 2005 and Samorost 3 in 2016. The game was remastered and released on 20 May 2021, for Windows and macOS for free. iOS and Android ports were also made.
Chaotic scattering
Chaotic scattering is a branch of chaos theory dealing with scattering systems displaying a strong sensitivity to initial conditions.  In a classical scattering system there will be one or more impact parameters, b, in which a particle is sent into the scatterer.  This gives rise to one or more exit parameters, y, as the particle exits towards infinity.  While the particle is traversing the system, there may also be a delay time, T—the time it takes for the particle to exit the system—in addition to the distance travelled, s. In certain systems (e.g. "billiard-like" systems in which the particle undergoes lossless collisions with hard, fixed objects) the two will be equivalent—see below.  In a chaotic scattering system, a minute change in the impact parameter, may give rise to a very large change in the exit parameters.

Impact parameter
In physics, the impact parameter b is defined as the perpendicular distance between the path of a projectile and the center of a potential field U(r)  created by an object that the projectile is approaching (see diagram). It is often referred to in nuclear physics (see Rutherford scattering) and in classical mechanics.

The impact parameter is related to the scattering angle θ by

where v∞ is the velocity of the projectile when it is far from the center, and rmin is its closest distance from the center.
Papravand Mausoleum
Papravand mausoleum (Azerbaijani: Papravənd türbəsi) – is a mausoleum in Papravənd village in Agdam District of Azerbaijan. It was constructed in the 14th century. The mausoleum is considered as a unique monument of the architecture of the medieval ages. The mausoleum was cleaned, measured and learnt in July 1972.

Since the summer of 1993, the part of Aghdam District where the mausoleum is located, has been controlled by the unrecognized Republic of Artsakh and according to the United Nations Security Council Resolution 853 it is occupied by the Armenian armed forces.

Aghdam District
39°59′01″N 46°55′43″E﻿ / ﻿39.98361°N 46.92861°E﻿ / 39.98361; 46.92861

Aghdam District (Azerbaijani: Ağdam rayonu) is one of the 66 administrative divisions of Azerbaijan. It is located in the west of the country and belongs to the Karabakh Economic Region. The district borders the districts of Khojaly, Kalbajar, Tartar, Khojavend, Aghjabadi, and Barda. Its capital is Aghdam. As of 2020, the district had a nominal population of 204,000.

Most of the territory of the district was under the occupation of Armenian forces following the First Nagorno-Karabakh War in the early 1990s. However, as part of the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement which ended the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh War, the city of Aghdam and the surrounding district were returned to Azerbaijani control on 20 November 2020. Prior to the city's return to Azerbaijani control, the de facto capital of the district was Quzanlı.
Surya TV
Surya TV is an Indian Malayalam language Indian general entertainment pay television channel owned by Sun TV Network. which is headquartered at Thiruvananthapuram. Surya TV HD became the third Malayalam language high-definition channel.

Generalist channel
A generalist channel is a television or radio channel whose target audience is not confined to a particular set of people, but instead aims to offer a wide range of programs and program genres to a diverse general public. The term is mainly used in European countries; in other countries, the term general entertainment channel (also known as GEC in India) or general entertainment is used instead. In radio, this is sometimes referred to as "full-format programming" or full-service radio.
Bang Kraso
Bang Kraso (Thai: บางกระสอ, pronounced [bāːŋ krā.sɔ̌ː]) is one of the ten subdistricts (tambon) of Mueang Nonthaburi District, in Nonthaburi Province, Thailand. The subdistrict is bounded by (clockwise from north) Tha Sai, Bang Khen, Talat Khwan, Suan Yai, and across the Chao Phraya River, Sai Ma and Tha It subdistricts. The whole area of the subdistrict is covered by Nonthaburi City Municipality (เทศบาลนครนนทบุรี). In 2020, it had a total population of 57,198 people.

Mueang Nonthaburi district
Mueang Nonthaburi (Thai: เมืองนนทบุรี, RTGS: Mueang Nonthaburi, pronounced [mɯ̄aŋ nōn.tʰá(ʔ).bū.rīː]) is the capital district (amphoe mueang) of Nonthaburi province in Thailand. The city of Nonthaburi has 267,001 inhabitants, while the whole district has 348,553.
Mene rhombea
Mene rhombea is an extinct perciform fish belonging to the family Menidae. During the Middle Eocene (Lutetian epoch), about 48 to 40 mya, these fishes lived in the Tethys Ocean, a large tropical sea in the area corresponding to the current Mediterranean. This ocean was extended between the continents of Gondwana and Laurasia.  At this time, where Monte Bolca is today, M. rhombea, and its relative, M. oblonga, lived in a tropical lagoon.

Perciformes
Perciformes (/ˈpɜːrsɪˌfɔːrmiːz/), also called the Acanthopteri, is an order or superorder of ray-finned fish in the clade Percomorpha. Perciformes means "perch-like". Among the well-known members of this group are perches and darters (Percidae), and also sea basses and groupers (Serranidae). This order contains many familiar freshwater temperate and tropical marine fish groups, but also extremophiles that have successfully colonized both the North and South Poles, as well as the deepest depths of the ocean.
Kurupuram
Kurupuram, also known as Kuruvapur, Kurugadda, or Kurugaddi is a holy place associated with Shripad Shri Vallabha who is considered as first avatars (incarnations) of the deity Shri Dattatreya in Kali Yuga. This village is located on the banks of the Krishna River in border of Telangana & Karnataka states, India. On the opposite bank of the river is Vallabhapuram belonging to Telangana state which is also sacred.

Kali Yuga
Kali Yuga (Devanagari: कलियुग), in Hinduism, is the fourth, shortest, and worst of the four yugas (world ages) in a Yuga cycle, preceded by Dvapara Yuga and followed by the next cycle's Krita (Satya) Yuga. It is believed to be the present age, which is full of conflict and sin.

According to Puranic sources, Krishna's death marked the end of Dvapara Yuga and the start of Kali Yuga, which is dated to 17/18 February 3102 BCE. Lasting for 432,000 years (1,200 divine years), Kali Yuga began 5,127 years ago and has 426,873 years left as of 2026 CE. Kali Yuga will end in the year 428,899 CE.

Near the end of Kali Yuga, when virtues are at their worst, a cataclysm and a re-establishment of dharma occur to usher in the next cycle's Krita (Satya) Yuga, prophesied to occur by Kalki.
Joanna E. Schanz
Joanna E. Schanz (born 1942) is an American basket weaver. She is credited with reviving the Amana arts of broom making and basket weaving. She wrote Willow Basketry of the Amana Colonies in 1986, in honor of Philip Dickel, who taught her how to make baskets. She won the Lifetime Achievement Award from the National Basketry Organization and one of her willow baskets is held at the Smithsonian American Art Museum.

Basket weaving
Basket weaving (also basketry or basket making) is the process of weaving or sewing pliable materials into objects, such as baskets, mats, mesh bags or even furniture. Craftspeople and artists specialized in making baskets may be known as basket makers and basket weavers. Basket weaving is also a rural craft. It is also widely known in Middle Eastern regions such as Cyprus.

Basketry is made from a variety of fibrous or pliable materials—anything that will bend and form a shape. Examples include pine, straw, willow (esp. osier), oak, wisteria, forsythia, vines, stems, fur, hide, grasses, thread, and fine wooden splints. There are many applications for basketry, from simple mats to hot air balloon gondolas.

Many Indigenous peoples are renowned for their basket-weaving techniques.
Ferran Verdejo Vicente
Ferran Verdejo Vicente (born 24 January 1997) is a Spanish politician serving as a member of the Congress of Deputies since 2023. He is the spokesperson of the Socialists' Party of Catalonia in the city council of Cardona.

Cardona, Spain
Cardona (Catalan pronunciation: [kəɾˈðonə]) is a town in the Spanish region of Catalonia, in the province of Barcelona; about 90 km (56 mi) northwest of the city of Barcelona, on a hill almost surrounded by the river Cardener, a branch of the Llobregat. To the east of the town, the river has been diverted through a tunnel has been dug through a spur, leaving a loop of dry river bed near the saltmine.

Near the town is an extensive deposit of rock salt. The salt forms a mountain mass (called Muntanya de Sal) covered by a thick bed of a reddish-brown clay, and apparently resting on a yellowish-grey sandstone.  It is generally more or less translucent, and large masses of it are quite transparent. The hill has been worked like a mine since Roman times; pieces cut from it have been carved by artists in Cardona into images, crucifixes and many articles of an ornamental kind.
Seed7
Seed7 is an extensible general-purpose programming language designed by Thomas Mertes. It is syntactically similar to Pascal and Ada. Along with many other features, it provides an extension mechanism. Seed7 supports introducing new syntax elements and their semantics into the language, and allows new language constructs to be defined and written in Seed7. For example, programmers can introduce syntax and semantics of new statements and user defined operator symbols. The implementation of Seed7 differs significantly from that of languages with hard-coded syntax and semantics.

General-purpose programming language
In computer software, a general-purpose programming language (GPL) is a programming language for building software in a wide variety of application domains. Conversely, a domain-specific programming language (DSL) is used within a specific area. For example, Python is a GPL, while SQL is a DSL for querying relational databases.
Louis Munier
Louis Munier (21 November 1821 in Gex, Ain – 7 July 1896 in Paris) was a French politician.

He was a city councillor, then a first deputy mayor in Lyon. From 1882 to 1896, he was a senator of the Rhône department within the Republican Union group. He was also the mayor of Beausemblant, Drôme, where he is buried.

In 1850, he married Marie Vinay in Beausemblant. They had two children: Paul Munier, who was admitted to the Court of Appeal of Lyon, and Jeanne Munier, who married Adrien Audibert, a law professor in Lyon and then Paris.

Gex, Ain
Gex (French pronunciation: [ʒɛks]; Arpitan: Gèx or Gês; Italian: Gesio) is a commune in the department of Ain, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, eastern France and the subprefecture of the department.

It lies 5 km (3.1 mi) from the Swiss border and 16 km (9.9 mi) from Geneva. It is a subprefecture of Ain.
Royal Hanoverian State Railways
The Royal Hanoverian State Railways (German: Königlich Hannöversche Staatseisenbahnen) existed from 1843 until the annexation of the Kingdom of Hanover by the Kingdom of Prussia in 1866. At that time its railway network, which comprised 800 kilometres of track, went over to the Prussian state.

Lehrte
Lehrte (German pronunciation: [ˈleːɐ̯tə] ⓘ) is a town in the district of Hanover, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated approximately 17 km east of Hanover. In the 19th century Lehrte was the most important railway junction in the former Kingdom of Hanover. As of the 21st century, it has a population of 43,000.