hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Julie Novkov
Julie Novkov is an American political scientist, currently a professor of political science and women's, gender, and sexuality studies at the University at Albany, SUNY. She studies the history of American law, American political development, and subordinated identities, with a focus on how laws are used for social control while also being affected by social reform movements.

Social control
Social control is the regulations, sanctions, mechanisms, and systems that restrict the behaviour of individuals in accordance with social norms and orders. Through both informal and formal means, individuals and groups exercise social control both internally and externally. As an area of social science, social control is studied by researchers of various fields, including anthropology, criminology, law, political science, and sociology.

Social control is considered one of the foundations of social order. Sociologists identify two basic forms of social control. Informal means of control refer to the internalization of norms and values through socialization. Formal means comprise external sanctions enforced by government to prevent the establishment of chaos or anomie in society. Some theorists, such as Émile Durkheim, refer to formal control as regulation.
Argo Avenger
The Argo Avenger is an eight-wheeled all terrain vehicle built by Argo.
On land, the vehicle is steered turning the wheels on the two sides of the vehicle at different speeds.
On water, the vehicle can be propelled either by the treads on the tires, or by an outboard motor.
Optionally, on very loose or swampy land a pair of large band tracks can be strung over the vehicles' wheels.

In November 2009, volunteers in twelve communities in Nunavut were equipped with an Argo Avenger for local search and rescue.
The vehicles supplied in Nunavut will be equipped with bandtracks.
The twelve communities are: Arviat, Cambridge Bay, Igloolik, Pond Inlet, Taloyoak, Rankin Inlet, Sanikiluaq, Pangnirtung, Kugluktuk, Iqaluit, Naujaat and Baker Lake.

Taloyoak
Taloyoak or Talurjuaq (Inuktitut syllabics: ᑕᓗᕐᔪᐊᖅ [taloʁjuˈaq]), formerly known as Spence Bay until 1 July 1992, although the body of water on which it is situated continues to be known as Spence Bay — same as the body of water on which Iqaluit is situated continues to be known as Frobisher Bay — (2021 population 934) is located on the Boothia Peninsula, in the Kitikmeot Region of Nunavut, Canada. The community is served only by air and by annual supply sealift. Taloyoak, the northernmost community in mainland Canada, in Inuktitut means  "large blind", referring to a stone caribou blind or a screen used for caribou hunting. The community is situated 460 km (290 mi) east of the regional centre of Cambridge Bay, 1,224 km (761 mi) northeast of Yellowknife, Northwest Territories.
Johannes Finsterbusch
Johannes F. Finsterbusch (1 June 1855, Colditz – 1921) was a German mathematician, known for his work on projective geometry.

Finsterbusch studied from 1873 to 1880 at Dresden and Leipzig. From 1882 to 1900 he taught as a schoolmaster (Oberlehrer) at the Realschule in Werdau. From 1900 he taught as a professor (Gymnasialprofessor) at the Gymnasium in Zwickau. He was an Invited Speaker of the ICM in 1904 at Heidelberg, in 1908 at Rome, and in 1912 at Cambridge UK.

In 1889 he married Marie Emma Sophie Gräszer; the marriage produced five children.

Real school
Real school (German: Realschule, pronounced [ʁeˈaːlʃuːlə] ⓘ) is a type of secondary school in Germany, Switzerland and Liechtenstein. It has also existed in Croatia (realna gimnazija), the Austrian Empire, the German Empire, Denmark and Norway (realskole), Sweden (realskola), Estonia (reaalkool), Finland (reaalikoulu), Hungary (reáliskola), Latvia (reālskola), Slovenia (realka), Serbia (realna gimnazija/realka), and the Russian Empire (реальное училище), including partitioned Poland (szkoła realna).
Suleika Jaouad
Suleika Jaouad (/suːˈleɪkə dʒəˈwɑːd/ ⓘ soo-LAY-kə jə-WAHD; Arabic: سليكة جواد; born July 5, 1988) is an American writer, advocate, and motivational speaker. She is the author of the "Life, Interrupted" column in The New York Times and has also written for Vogue, Glamour, NPR's All Things Considered and Women's Health. Her 2021 memoir Between Two Kingdoms, covering her struggle with leukemia, was a New York Times Best Seller. Her second book, The Book of Alchemy: A Creative Practice for an Inspired Life, was published on April 22, 2025.

Women's Health (magazine)
Women's Health (WH), published by Hearst, is a lifestyle magazine centered on the health, sex, nutrition, and fitness of women. It is published 10 times per year in the United States and has a circulation of 1.5 million readers. The magazine has 13 international editions, circulates in over 25 countries, and reaches over 8 million readers globally. Before its acquisition by Hearst, it was initially founded by Rodale, Inc. in Emmaus, Pennsylvania.

The magazine features multiple sections, such as fitness, sex and love, food, weight loss, health, beauty, and style. Past Women’s Health cover models include Elisha Cuthbert, Ashley Greene, Anna Kournikova, Michelle Monaghan, Zoe Saldaña and Elizabeth Banks.
Zangalab
Zangalab (Persian: زنگلاب, also Romanized as Zangalāb) is a village in Chehel Chay Rural District, in the Central District of Minudasht County, Golestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 298, in 76 families.

Golestan province
Golestan province is one of the 31 provinces of Iran, located in the northeast of the country and southeast of the Caspian Sea. Its capital is the city of Gorgan, formerly called Esterabad until 1937. Golestan was split off from Mazandaran Province in 1997.

Golestan province borders Turkmenistan to the north. One of the key border points between the two countries is Incheh Borun, which serves as a vital crossing point.

The province was made a part of Region 1 upon the division of the provinces into 5 regions, solely for coordination and development purposes, on 22 June 2014. The majority of its population are Shia Muslims.
Klaudia Wojtunik
Klaudia Wojtunik (born 15 May 1999) is a Polish athlete specialising in the sprint hurdles. She won a bronze medal at the 2021 European U23 Championships.

Her personal bests are 12.97 seconds in the 100 metres hurdles (-0.9 m/s, Tallinn 2021) and 8.07 seconds in the 60 metres hurdles (Toruń 2022).

2021 European Athletics U23 Championships
The 2021 European Athletics U23 Championships were the 13th edition of the biennial athletics competition between European athletes under the age of twenty-three. It was planned to be held in Bergen, Norway from 8 to 11 July., but this venue was cancelled for Covid pandemic reasons.  Initially it was intended that the event would be postponed and held in another venue after the 2020 Olympic Games. Eventually the original dates were retained, and Tallinn, Estonia was chosen as the venue. This meant that Tallinn hosted two age-group championships in successive weeks: after the European Athletics U23 Championships, the Kadriorg Stadium also hosted between 15 and 18 July the European Athletics U20 Championships. For the first time in 13 editions, Italian team topped the medal table.
Pradeep Bal Samanta
Pradeep Bal Samanta is an Indian politician and Minister of State (Independent Charge) for Cooperation, Handloom and Textiles in Government of Odisha. He is a member of the Member of Odisha Legislative Assembly from Sukinda Assembly constituency of Jajpur district.

He did his PhD from The Open International university, in Colombo, Sri Lanka in 2008.

On 12 June 2024, he took oath along with Chief Minister Mohan Charan Majhitook oath in Janata Maidan, Bhubaneswar. Governor Raghubar Das administered their oath. Prime Minister Narendra Modi, Home Minister Amit Shah, Defense Minister Rajnath Singh, along with Chief Ministers of 10 BJP-ruled states were present.

Raghubar Das
Raghubar Das (born 3 May 1955) is an Indian politician who has served as the 6th chief minister of Jharkhand from 2014 to 2019. He also later served as 26th governor of Odisha since 2023 until 2025. He is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and has twice served as the president of BJP Jharkhand.

A former employee of Tata Steel, he served as the member of legislative assembly five times, he represented Jamshedpur East from 1995 to 2019. He also served as the deputy chief minister and the urban development minister during the BJP-led government in the state. At one point during his tenure, he was imprisoned. He is the first chief minister of the state to have completed a full term.
Genome@home
Genome@home was a volunteer computing project run by Stefan Larson of Stanford University, and a sister project to Folding@home. Its goal was protein design and its applications, which had implications in many fields including medicine. Genome@home was run by the Pande Lab.

Therapy
A therapy or medical treatment is the attempted remediation of a health problem, usually following a medical diagnosis. Both words, treatment and therapy, are often abbreviated tx, Tx, or Tx.

As a rule, each therapy has indications and contraindications.  There are many different types of therapy.  Not all therapies are effective.  Many therapies can produce unwanted adverse effects.

Treatment and therapy are often synonymous, especially in the usage of health professionals. However,  in the context of mental health, the term therapy may refer specifically to psychotherapy.

A therapist is a person who offers any modality of therapy. Therapist refers to trained professionals engaged in providing services any kind of treatment or rehabilitation.
Commersonia densiflora
Commersonia densiflora is a species of flowering plant in the family Malvaceae and endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a dense, low-growing shrub with pinnate, elliptic to narrowly oblong, prominently veined leaves, and white flowers in clusters of 100 or more.

Malvaceae
Malvaceae (/mælˈveɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/), or the mallows, is a family of flowering plants estimated to contain 244 genera with 4225 known species. Well-known members of economic importance include cacao, cola, cotton, okra, roselle and durian. There are also some genera containing familiar ornamentals, such as Alcea (hollyhock), Malva (mallow), and Tilia (lime or linden tree). The genera with the largest numbers of species include Hibiscus (434 species), Pavonia (291 species), Sida (275 species), Ayenia (216 species), Dombeya (197 species), and Sterculia (181 species).
Amos Masondo
Nkosiyakhe Amos Masondo (born 21 April 1953 in Louwsburg) is a South African politician, who served as the Chairperson of South Africa's National Council of Provinces between 2019 and 2024. He was the mayor of the city of Johannesburg, South Africa, between December 2000 and 2011. He is a member of the African National Congress, and was the first elected mayor of the Unified City of Johannesburg.

National Council of Provinces
The National Council of Provinces (NCOP) is the upper house of the Parliament of South Africa under the post-apartheid constitution which came into full effect in 1997. It replaced the former Senate, but is very similar to that body, and to many other upper houses of legislatures throughout the world, in that its purpose is to represent the governments of the provinces, rather than directly representing the people.
Moca barrio-pueblo
Moca barrio-pueblo  is a barrio and the administrative center (seat) of Moca, a municipality of Puerto Rico. Its population in 2010 was 1,735.

As was customary in Spain, in Puerto Rico, the municipality has a barrio which was called pueblo and since 1990 has been named barrio-pueblo. It contains a central plaza, the municipal buildings (city hall), and a Catholic church. Fiestas patronales (patron saint festivals) are held in the central plaza every year.

Pueblos in Puerto Rico
Pueblo is a term primarily used in Puerto Rico to refer to the municipal district (barrio) that serves as the administrative, historic and cultural center of a municipality. The concept of pueblo is often used locally as analogous to the concept of downtown in U.S. cities. Pueblos are officially called barrio-pueblo by the United States Census since 1990.
Ioan Lemeni
Ioan Lemeni (Hungarian: Lemény János; 22 April 1780 – 29 March 1861) was an ethnic Romanian prelate in the Kingdom of Hungary, who served as Bishop of Făgăraş and Primate of the Romanian Greek Catholic Church from 1833 to his resignation in 1850.

Blaj
Blaj (Romanian pronunciation: [blaʒ]; archaically spelled as Blaș; Hungarian: Balázsfalva; German: Blasendorf; Transylvanian Saxon: Blußendref) is a city in Alba County, Transylvania, Romania. It has a population of 17,816 inhabitants as of 2021.

The city administers eight villages: Deleni-Obârșie (Obursatanya), Flitești, Izvoarele (until 1960 Ciufud; Csufud), Mănărade (Monora), Petrisat (Magyarpéterfalva), Spătac (Szászpatak), Tiur (Tűr), and Veza (Véza).

The city was the principal religious and cultural center of the Romanian Greek-Catholic Church in Transylvania.
Coleophora quadruplex
Coleophora quadruplex is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. It is found in North America, including Nova Scotia, Illinois, Maine, Massachusetts and New York.

The larvae feed on the seeds of Achillea species, including Achillea millefolium. They create a trivalved, tubular silken case.

Achillea
Achillea /ækɪˈliːə/ is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. The plants typically have frilly leaves and are known colloquially as yarrows, although this common name usually refers to A. millefolium. The genus was named after the Greek mythological character Achilles, whose soldiers were said to have used yarrow to treat their wounds; this is reflected by common names such as allheal and bloodwort. The genus is native primarily to Eurasia and North America.
Ilybius fenestratus
Ilybius fenestratus is a species of beetle found throughout Europe and Northern Asia. It was first described by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1781.

The scent gland of this species of beetle is natural source for the anabolic steroid boldenone (Δ1-testosterone).

Scent gland
Scent gland are exocrine glands found in most mammals. They produce semi-viscous secretions which contain pheromones and other semiochemical compounds. These odor-messengers indicate information such as status, territorial marking, mood, and sexual behaviour. The odor may be subliminal—not consciously detectable. Though it is not their primary function, the salivary glands may also function as scent glands in some animals.
Alfington
Alfington is a small village in East Devon, on the River Otter. It is 2 miles (3 km) north-east of Ottery St Mary.

The church of St James (Church of England) was built of brick in the Early English style in 1849–52 to designs by the architect William Butterfield.

East Devon
50°40′44″N 3°14′20″W﻿ / ﻿50.679°N 3.239°W﻿ / 50.679; -3.239

East Devon is a local government district in Devon, England. Its council is based in the town of Honiton, although Exmouth is the largest town. The district also contains the towns of Axminster, Budleigh Salterton, Cranbrook, Ottery St Mary, Seaton and Sidmouth, along with numerous villages and surrounding rural areas.

The district borders Teignbridge and the City of Exeter to the west, Mid Devon to the north, Somerset to the north-east, and Dorset to the east.

Two parts of the district are designated as Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty: the Blackdown Hills in the north of the district and the East Devon AONB along the district's coast and adjoining areas. The East Devon coastline from Exmouth to the border with Dorset is also part of the designated World Heritage Site of the Jurassic Coast; the designated area continues into Dorset as far as the Old Harry Rocks near Swanage.
Misa Shimizu
Misa Shimizu (清水美沙, Shimizu Misa; born 25 September 1970) is a Japanese actress. She made her screen debut by winning the heroine audition for 1987 film Shōnan Bōsōzoku. She starred in NHK's morning drama series Seishun Kazoku in 1989. She portrayed Keiko, the female protagonist, in Palme d'Or winning The Eel directed by Shohei Imamura. She also makes regular appearances in Masayuki Suo's films. She won the award for best actress at the 17th Hochi Film Award for Okoge, Sumo Do, Sumo Don't, Future Memories: Last Christmas.

Shōhei Imamura
Shōhei Imamura (今村昌平, Imamura Shōhei; 15 September 1926 – 30 May 2006) was a Japanese film director. His main interest as a filmmaker lay in the depiction of the lower strata of Japanese society. A key figure in the Japanese New Wave, who continued working into the 21st century, Imamura is the only director from Japan to win two Palme d'Or awards, doing so with The Ballad of Narayama (1983) and The Eel (1997).
Xojeli
Xojeli, also Khojeli (Karakalpak: Xojeli/Хожели, [xoˈʒeli]; Russian: Ходжейли, romanized: Khodzheyli), is a city and seat of Xojeli District in Karakalpakstan in Uzbekistan. It lies 15 km southwest of Nukus, and 25 km northeast of Konye-Urgench (Turkmenistan). Its population is 67,800 (2016). Xojeli has a railway station on the line from Atyrau (western Kazakhstan) to Tashkent.

There is an ancient city and archaeological complex called Mizdarkhan, located northeast of Xojeli, which consists of several medieval and ancient archaeological sites as: underground Mausoleum of Nazlymkhan Sulu, Mausoleum of Shamun Naby (a Sufi scholar), Medrese of Erezhep Halifa and Hill of Zhomart Kassap (ancient Zoroastrian dakhma). Nowadays, Mizdakhan functions also as a graveyard and people in Karakalpakstan visit on pilgrimage.

Karakalpak language
Karakalpak (Qaraqalpaq tili) is a Turkic language spoken by Karakalpaks in Karakalpakstan. It is divided into two dialects, Northeastern Karakalpak and Southwestern Karakalpak. It developed alongside Nogai and neighbouring Kazakh languages, being markedly influenced by both. Typologically, Karakalpak belongs to the Kipchak branch of the Turkic languages, thus being closely related to and highly mutually intelligible with Kazakh and Nogai.
Linked Data Notifications
Linked Data Notifications (LDN)  is a W3C Recommendation that describes a communications protocol based on HTTP, URI, and RDF on how servers (receivers) can receive messages pushed to them by applications (senders), as well as how other applications (consumers) may retrieve those messages. Any web resource (like a HTML page) can advertise a receiving endpoint (inbox) for notification messages. Messages are expressed in RDF, and can contain arbitrary data.

JSON-LD
JSON-LD (JavaScript Object Notation for Linked Data) is a method of encoding linked data using JSON and of serializing data similarly to traditional JSON. It is meant to be simple to create by modifying JSON documents.  JSON-LD is a World Wide Web Consortium Recommendation initially developed by the JSON for Linking Data Community Group, transferred to the RDF Working Group for review, improvement and standardization, and now maintained by the JSON-LD Working Group.
Orestes Garrison
Orestes Garrison (August 8, 1813 – June 3, 1874) was an American surveyor and politician.

Born in Fort Ann, New York, Garrison was a surveyor for the United States Government and lived in Indiana. In 1843, Garrison, his wife and family moved to McHenry County, Illinois. Then in 1855, they moved to Centralia, Wisconsin (now Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin). Garrison was involved in real estate. In 1861, Garrison served in the Wisconsin State Assembly. He died of colon cancer in Centralia, Wisconsin.

Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin
Wisconsin Rapids is a city in and the county seat of Wood County, Wisconsin, United States, along the Wisconsin River. The population was 18,877 at the 2020 census. It is a principal city of the Marshfield–Wisconsin Rapids micropolitan statistical area, which includes all of Wood County and had a population of 74,207 in 2020.

The city was established in the late 1830s as the series of rapids along the Wisconsin River provided good sites for water-driven sawmills, and nearby forests held pine lumber to be sawed and floated down the river. After the lumber dwindled, the waterpower drove electric generators and various other enterprises–particularly paper mills.
Archibald Campbell (notary)
Archibald Campbell (June 29, 1790 – July 16, 1862) was a seigneur and notary in Lower Canada.

Campbell was born in the town of Quebec in 1790, the son of merchant Archibald Campbell. He studied law with Jacques Voyer, qualified to practice as a notary in 1812 and set up practice at Quebec. He joined the local militia during the War of 1812. In 1817, Campbell married Agnes George. In 1821, he was named a King's Notary. The historian François-Xavier Garneau trained as a notary with Campbell and, during that time, took advantage of his extensive library. In 1822, Campbell purchased the seigneury of Le Bic. He helped found the Literary and Historical Society of Quebec.

Campbell died at Le Bic in 1862.

Notary
A notary is a person authorised to perform acts in legal affairs, in particular witnessing signatures on documents. The form that the notarial profession takes varies with local legal systems.

A notary, while a legal professional, is distinct from an advocate in that they do not represent the person who engages their services, or act in contentious matters.
Kenilworth Racecourse Conservation Area
Kenilworth Racecourse Conservation Area is a 52-hectare (130-acre) nature reserve, situated in the centre of Kenilworth Racecourse, in Cape Town, South Africa. Due to its location, it has been left undisturbed for more than 100 years, making it now the best preserved patch of “Cape Flats Sand Fynbos” in the world.

The reserve contains indigenous fynbos and wetlands – both permanent and seasonal. Among the hundreds of plant species that can be found here, at least 20 are threatened with extinction. There are also endemic species, and two plants (Erica verticillata and Erica turgida) are listed as extinct in the wild, but have recently been re-introduced here. The reserve is home to the critically endangered Micro Frog (Microbatrachella capensis) along with other small but healthy populations of mammals, reptiles, amphibians and birds.

Invasive alien vegetation is a severe problem, especially Port Jackson willow (Acacia saligna) and domestic garden escapees.

Acacia saligna
Acacia saligna, commonly known by various names including coojong, golden wreath wattle, willow wattle, orange wattle, blue-leafed wattle, Western Australian golden wattle, and, in Africa, Port Jackson willow, is a small tree in the family Fabaceae. Native to Australia, it is widely distributed throughout the south west corner of Western Australia, extending north as far as the Murchison River, and east to Israelite Bay.
The Noongar peoples know the tree as Cujong.