hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Economic and Social Data Service
The Economic and Social Data Service (ESDS) is a national data archiving and dissemination service that was founded in January 2003. It is funded jointly by the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) and Jisc. In July 2012, the ESRC announced it will become a partner in the UK Data Service, to be established as of October 1st of 2012.

Economic and Social Research Council
The Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) is a council of UK Research and Innovation (UKRI), a non-departmental public body sponsored by the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology, responsible for funding and support for research and training in the social sciences. It is the UK's largest organisation for funding research on economic and social issues.
Ote Hall Chapel
Ote Hall Chapel is a place of worship belonging to the Countess of Huntingdon's Connexion—a small Nonconformist Christian denomination—in the village of Wivelsfield in East Sussex, England.  The Connexion was established as a small group of Evangelical churches during the 18th-century Evangelical Revival by Selina Hastings, Countess of Huntingdon, and this chapel is one of the earliest: founded by the Countess herself in 1778 as a daughter church of the original chapel in Brighton, it has been in continuous use since 1780.  Historic England has listed the building at Grade II for its architectural and historical importance.

Christian revival
A Christian revival is a period of intensified religious activity within churches that can influence communities on a local, national, or global scale. From a Christian perspective, it has been described as "a period of unusual blessing and activity in the life of the Christian Church". Proponents view revivals as the restoration of the Church to a vital and fervent relationship with God after a period of moral decline, instigated by God, as opposed to an evangelistic campaign.

Historically, Christian revivals have generated lasting institutional and theological change. They have frequently given rise to new traditions or denominations; for example, Methodism emerged from the Church of England during the Evangelical Revival (or Great Awakening) of the 18th century. Revivals may also stimulate missionary expansion, and renewed patterns of worship and piety within existing churches.
Lance Loud
Alanson Russell "Lance" Loud (June 26, 1951 – December 22, 2001) was an American television personality, magazine columnist, and new wave rock-n-roll performer. Loud is best known for his 1973 appearance in An American Family, a pioneering reality television series that featured his coming out, leading to his status as an icon in the gay community.

Black Oak Arkansas
Black Oak Arkansas is an American Southern rock band named after the band's hometown of Black Oak, Arkansas. The band reached the height of its fame in the 1970s, charting ten albums.  Their style is notable for multiple guitar players and the raspy voice and on-stage antics of vocalist Jim "Dandy" Mangrum.
Newton–Cartan theory
Newton–Cartan theory (or geometrized Newtonian gravitation) is a geometrical re-formulation, as well as a generalization, of Newtonian gravity first introduced by Élie Cartan in 1923 and Kurt Friedrichs and later developed by G. Dautcourt, W. G. Dixon,  P. Havas, H. Künzle, Andrzej Trautman, and others. In this re-formulation, the structural similarities between Newton's theory and Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity are readily seen, and it has been used by Cartan and Friedrichs to give a rigorous formulation of the way in which Newtonian gravity can be seen as a specific limit of general relativity, and by Jürgen Ehlers to extend this correspondence to specific solutions of general relativity.

Andrzej Trautman
Andrzej Mariusz Trautman (Polish: [ˈtrauman]; born January 4, 1933) is a Polish mathematical physicist who has made contributions to classical gravitation in general and to general relativity in particular.

He made contributions to gravitation as early as 1958. The "Trautman-Bondi mass" is named after him.
Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Co. v. Supermarket Equipment Corp.
Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Co. v. Supermarket Equipment Corp., 340 U.S. 147 (1950), is a patent case decided by the United States Supreme Court.  The Court held that a patent for a cashier's counter and movable frame for grocery stores was invalid because it was a combination of known elements that added nothing new to the total stock of knowledge.

Cashier
A retail cashier or simply a cashier is a person who handles the cash register at various locations such as the point of sale in a retail store. The most common use of the title is in the retail industry, but this job title is also used in the context of accountancy for the person responsible for receiving and disbursing money or within branch banking in the United Kingdom for the job known in the United States as a bank teller.
2009 Hall of Fame Tennis Championships – Doubles
Mardy Fish and John Isner were the defending champions, but neither participated this year.

Jordan Kerr and Rajeev Ram won the title, defeating Michael Kohlmann and Rogier Wassen 6–7(6–8), 7–6(9–7), [10–6] in the final.

Jordan Kerr
Jordan Kerr (born 26 October 1979, in Adelaide) is a retired Australian professional tennis player.

Kerr reached a career high ATP singles ranking of World No. 356, which he achieved on 7 August 2000. Additionally, he reached a career high ATP doubles ranking of World No. 23, achieved on 18 August 2008.

Kerr represented Australia in the men's doubles at the 2008 Beijing Olympics, losing in the opening round to the eventual silver medallists from Sweden.

Kerr was an Australian Institute of Sport scholarship holder.
Rowing at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Women's single sculls
The women's single sculls event at the 2024 Summer Olympics took place from 27 July to 3 August 2024 at the Stade nautique de Vaires-sur-Marne, National Olympic Nautical Stadium of Île-de-France in Vaires-sur-Marne. 32 rowers from 32 nations competed.

Vaires-sur-Marne
Vaires-sur-Marne (French pronunciation: [vɛːʁ syʁ maʁn] ⓘ; lit. ''Vaires-on-Marne') is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region, Northern France.

Vaires-sur-Marne is at the western end of the LGV Est high-speed railway, reaching Vendenheim (near Strasbourg) in the east. Vaires–Torcy station has rail connections to Meaux and Paris. It was spectacularly blown up in John Frankenheimer's 1964 film The Train.

It was one of the venues for the 2024 Summer Olympics.
Salo railway station
Salo railway station (Finnish: Salon rautatieasema, Swedish: Salo järnvägsstation) is located in the town of Salo in the Southwest Finland region, Finland. All passenger trains between Helsinki and Turku stop at Salo, and the station also serves cargo traffic. About 320 thousand passengers use the station every year. Inside the station, there is one automatic ticket vending machine. The station has three elevated platforms for passenger traffic, and for going underneath the tracks, there is a tunnel, with exits by stairs and elevator.

The distance east to the Ervelä cargo station is 25 kilometres and west to the Paimio cargo station is 29 kilometres. The distance to Turku is 56 kilometres and the distance to Helsinki is 144 kilometres.

The Finnish Heritage Agency has classified Salo railway station as a nationally significant built cultural environment.

Southwest Finland
Southwest Finland (Finnish: Varsinais-Suomi, IPA: [ˈʋɑrs̠inɑi̯s̠ˌs̠uo̞̯mi]; Swedish: Egentliga Finland) is a region (Finnish: maakunta, Swedish: landskap) of Finland. It borders the regions of Satakunta, Pirkanmaa, Kanta-Häme, Uusimaa, and Åland. The regional capital and most populous city is Turku, which was the capital city of Finland before Helsinki.

The region largely corresponds to the historical province of Finland Proper. Until 2019, its official English name was Finland Proper, a designation still used in Finnish (Varsinais-Suomi) and Swedish (Egentliga Finland).
WVIB
WVIB (100.1 FM, "V100") is a radio station broadcasting an urban adult contemporary format fed via satellite from Westwood One (known as "The Touch" or "Today's R&B and Old School").  The station is licensed to Holton, Michigan and serves the Muskegon market. It can be heard as far south as Allendale, Michigan, as far east as Lakeview, Michigan, and as far north as Ludington, Michigan. However, its range is limited by WBCH to the southeast and WSJP-FM to the west.

WSJP-FM
WSJP-FM (100.1 MHz) is a listener-supported radio station licensed to Port Washington, Wisconsin, and serving Greater Milwaukee. It is simulcast with sister station WSJP (1640 AM).  They air Catholic-based talk and teaching shows and are owned by Relevant Radio, Inc.  WSJP-AM-FM carry most of the national Relevant Radio network schedule, but also air some local programming, including Milwaukee Archbishop Jerome Listecki's Sunday Mass, and Marquette Golden Eagles men's basketball.

WSJP-FM is a Class A FM station, with an effective radiated power (ERP) of 6,000 watts.  The transmitter is on Lakeland Road in Saukville.  WSJP-FM is the only full-power radio station licensed to a community in Ozaukee County.
Crain Communications Building
The Crain Communications Building  is a 39-story, 582 foot (177 m) skyscraper located at 150 North Michigan Avenue in downtown Chicago, Illinois. Also (previously) known as the Smurfit–Stone Building and the Stone Container Building, it was originally going to be named "One Park Place" before it opened as the Associates Center, named after the initial tenant of the building, the Associates Commercial Corp.

Construction of the building began in 1982 and was completed in 1984. The building, noted for its uncommon slanted top facade, was designed by Sheldon Schlegman of A. Epstein and Sons.  It has 39 floors of tenant space and the two spires at the top cover the main roof and serve as mechanical rooms for HVAC equipment.

Michigan Avenue (Chicago)
Michigan Avenue is a north-south street in Chicago that runs at 100 east on the Chicago grid.  The northern end of the street is at DuSable Lake Shore Drive on the shore of Lake Michigan in the Gold Coast Historic District. The street's southern terminus is at Sibley Boulevard in the southern suburb of Dolton, but like many other Chicago streets, it exists in several disjointed segments.

As the home of the Chicago Water Tower, the Art Institute of Chicago, Millennium Park, and the  shopping on the Magnificent Mile, it is a street well-known to Chicago natives as well as tourists to the city.  Michigan Avenue also is the main commercial street of Streeterville. It includes all of the Historic Michigan Boulevard District and most of the Michigan–Wacker Historic District, including the scenic urban space anchored by the DuSable (Michigan Avenue) Bridge.
Montang Valley
Montang Valley also known as Mountain of Peace is a village and tourist attraction in the Atharamura Hills under Teliamura sub-division in the Khowai district of the Indian state of Tripura. It is located around 80 kilometres (50 mi) from the capital city Agartala, 30 kilometres (19 mi) from National Highway 8 (India) near Teliamura and is known for its floating clouds and scenic beauty.

Teliamura
Teliamura is a town and a Municipal Council in Khowai district in the Indian state of Tripura. It is on National Highway No. 08 of India. It is also the headquarters of the recently included sub-division of Teliamura. It is 45 km from Agartala, Capital of Tripura, 35 km from Khowai and 42 km from Ambassa.
Foreign relations of Somalia
Foreign relations of Somalia are handled primarily by the President as the head of state, the Prime Minister as the head of government, and the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Federal Government.

According to Article 54 of the national constitution, the allocation of powers and resources between the Federal Government and the Federal Republic of Somalia's constituent Federal Member States shall be negotiated and agreed upon by the Federal Government and the Federal Member States, except in matters pertaining to foreign affairs, national defense, citizenship and immigration, and monetary policy. Article 53 also stipulates that the Federal Government shall consult the Federal Member States on major issues related to international agreements, including negotiations vis-a-vis foreign trade, finance and treaties.

Somaliland is an unrecognised de facto sovereign state that maintains consulate-level informal relations with some foreign governments.

Constitution of Somalia
The Provisional Constitution of the Federal Republic of Somalia (Somali: Dastuurka Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya) is the supreme law of Somalia. It provides the legal foundation for the existence of the Federal Republic and source of legal authority. It sets out the rights and duties of its citizens, and defines the structure of government. The Provisional Constitution was adopted on August 1, 2012 by a National Constitutional Assembly in Mogadishu, Banaadir.

Somalia's provisional Constitution provides for a parliamentary system of government, with the President of Somalia as head of state and an appointed Prime Minister as head of government. The country has a bicameral legislature, which consists of the Senate (upper house) and the House of the People (lower house). Together, they make up the Federal Parliament of Somalia.
Yunis Nuri
Yunis Nuri or Yunus Nuri (23 January 1878, Erivan, Erivan uezd, Erivan Governorate – 5 January 1950, Yerevan, Armenian SSR) was an actor and an Honored Artist of the Armenian SSR (1935). He is one of the founders of the Azerbaijan theater in Yerevan.

Erivan Governorate
The Erivan Governorate was a province (guberniya) of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire, with its centеr in Erivan (present-day Yerevan). Its area was 27,830 sq. kilometеrs, roughly corresponding to what is now most of central Armenia, the Iğdır Province of Turkey, and the Nakhchivan exclave of Azerbaijan. At the end of the 19th century, it bordered the Tiflis Governorate to the north, the Elizavetpol Governorate to the east, the Kars Oblast to the west, and Persia and the Ottoman Empire to the south. Mount Ararat and the fertile Ararat Valley were included in the center of the province.

In 1828, the khanates of Erivan and the Nakhichevan were annexed from Persia by the Russian Empire through the Treaty of Turkmenchay. The newly annexed territories were incorporated into a single administrative unit known as the Armenian Oblast. In 1849, the oblast was reorganized into a governorate.
1629 in Sweden
The Year 1629 in Sweden was marked by significant diplomatic developments, particularly the signing of the Truce of Altmark on September 26. This Agreement brought to an end to the Polish-Swedish War (1626-1629), a conflict rooted in a struggle for control over the Baltic Sea and its lucrative trade routes. Signed between Sweden, By King Gustavus Adolphus, and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth under King Sigismund III Vasa, the truce granted Sweden control over several strategic ports in the Duchy of Prussia. Such as Elbląg, Pillau, and Memel. This expanded Sweden’s influence over the Baltic trade, providing significant economic gains and solidifying its status as a major regional power. The cessation of hostilities also allowed Gustavus Adolphus to redirect his military efforts towards involvement in the Thirty Years’ War a move that would have lasting consequences for both Swedish and European politics.

Polish–Swedish War (1626–1629)
The Polish–Swedish War (1626–1629) was the last in a series fought by Sweden and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth between 1600 and 1629. In July 1626, Gustavus Adolphus landed in Polish Prussia in an attempt to capture Gdańsk, but neither side could win a decisive advantage and the war became a stalemate.

Under the September 1629 Truce of Altmark, the Commonwealth accepted the loss of what became Swedish Livonia, including the strategic Baltic Sea port of Riga. Sweden also retained its gains in Prussia, although these were returned in the 1635 Treaty of Stuhmsdorf. The end of hostilities permitted Swedish intervention in the Thirty Years' War in June 1630.
Killer Whale Islands with Nigel Marven
Killer Whale Islands with Nigel Marven is British one-hour television special produced by Image Impact in 2007. Presented by Nigel Marven, the show looks at the wildlife of Falkland Islands during Southern Hemisphere summer. Animals included in the program are killer whales, seals, albatrosses, penguins and other birds.

This documentary premiered in 2007 on Channel 5, repeats of the show air on Eden Channel.

Television special
A television special (often TV special, or rarely television spectacular) is a standalone television show that may also temporarily interrupt episodic programming normally scheduled for a given time slot. Some specials provide a full range of entertainment and informational value available via the television medium (news, drama, comedy, variety, cultural), in various formats (live television, documentary, studio production, animation, film), and in any viewing lengths (short films, feature films, miniseries, telethons).
Halford, Warwickshire
Halford is a village and civil parish about 3 miles (5 km) north of Shipston-on-Stour in Warwickshire, England. The village is where the Fosse Way Roman road (now the A429 road) crosses the River Stour. The 2011 Census recorded the parish's population as 341. By the river are the earthworks and buried remains of Halford Castle, a motte castle believed to be the predecessor of the present manor house.

Fosse Way
The Fosse Way was a Roman road built in Britain during the first and second centuries AD that linked Isca Dumnoniorum (Exeter) in the southwest and Lindum Colonia (Lincoln) to the northeast, via Lindinis (Ilchester), Aquae Sulis (Bath), Corinium (Cirencester), and Ratae Corieltauvorum (Leicester). Much of its route is still used by modern roads, lanes and byways.
The Patent Leather Pug
The Patent Leather Pug is a 1925 American silent sports drama film directed by Albert S. Rogell and starring Billy Sullivan, Ruth Dwyer, and J.P. McGowan. Completed in 1925, it first premiered in London under the alternative title A Desperate Finish before going on general release in the United States in January 1926.

Albert S. Rogell
Albert S. Rogell (August 21, 1901 – April 7, 1988) was an American film director who was born in Oklahoma City and died in Los Angeles. Rogell directed more than a hundred movies between 1921 and 1958. He was known for an aggressive directing style, shouting at his actors and crew.
Kokomo Municipal Stadium
Kokomo Municipal Stadium is a baseball stadium in Kokomo, Indiana, United States. The Kokomo Jackrabbits of the college summer Northwoods League, and the Kokomo Wildkats (local high school) use Kokomo Municipal Stadium as their home field. Other local high school baseball teams including the Taylor Titans, Northwestern Tigers, and the Western Panthers use the Kokomo Municipal Stadium for a portion of their games. Upon opening in 2015, Kokomo Municipal Stadium had a capacity of up to 4,000 in a combination of fixed and lawn seating. In May 2016, the Kokomo Mantis FC of the Premier Development League called the stadium home.

Northwestern School Corporation
Northwestern School Corporation is a public school corporation in Howard County, Indiana. The population of the high school has never exceeded 800 students. The school colors are purple, gold and white. The school mascot is Tyler the Tiger.
Drinker (surname)
Drinker is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anne Drinker (1827–1903), pen name Edith May, American poet

Catherine Drinker Bowen (1897–1973), née Drinker, American biographer

Catherine Ann Janvier (1841–1922), née Drinker, American artist and author

Cecil Kent Drinker (1887–1956), American physician and founder of the Harvard School of Public Health

Elizabeth Sandwith Drinker (ca. 1735–1807), American Quaker diarist

Ernesta Drinker Ballard (1920–2005), née  Drinker, American feminist and horticulturist

Henry Drinker (1880–1965), American lawyer and musicologist

Henry Sturgis Drinker (1850–1937), American mechanical engineer, lawyer and author, president of Lehigh University

Katherine Rotan Drinker (1889–1956), American physician

Philip Drinker (1894–1972), American industrial hygienist who invented the first iron lung

Sophie Drinker (1888–1967), American amateur musician and musicologist

Catherine Ann Janvier
Catherine Ann Janvier (née Drinker; May 1, 1841 – July 19, 1922) was an American artist, author, and translator. Before she married, she had an established career as an artist and teacher under the name Catherine Ann Drinker.
Compound modifier
A compound modifier (also called a compound adjective, phrasal adjective, or adjectival phrase) is a compound of two or more attributive words: that is, two or more words that collectively modify a noun. Compound modifiers are grammatically equivalent to single-word modifiers and can be used in combination with other modifiers. (In the preceding sentence, "single-word" is itself a compound modifier.)

The constituents of compound modifiers need not be adjectives; combinations of nouns, determiners, and other parts of speech are also common. For example, man-eating (shark) and one-way (street). The punctuation of compound modifiers in English depends on their grammatical role. Attributive compounds—modifiers within the noun phrase—are typically hyphenated, whereas the same compounds used as predicates are typically not (if they are temporary compounds), unless they are permanent compounds attested as dictionary headwords.

Determiner
In natural language, a determiner, also called a determinative (abbreviated DET), is a word or affix that combines with a noun to express its reference. Examples in English include articles (the and a/an), demonstratives (this, that), possessive determiners (my, their), and quantifiers (many, both). Not all languages have determiners, and not all systems of grammatical description recognize them as a distinct category.
Dejan Damjanović (footballer, born 1986)
Dejan Damjanović (Cyrillic: Дејан Дамјановић; born 8 July 1986) is a Montenegrin former footballer.

He had previously played with Serbian SuperLiga club FK Napredak Kruševac and OFK Bar in the Montenegrin Second League.

FK Napredak Kruševac
Fudbalski klub Napredak Kruševac (Serbian Cyrillic: Фудбалски клуб Напредак Крушевац), commonly known as Napredak Kruševac, is a Serbian professional football club based in the city of Kruševac. The word Napredak means "progress" in Serbian.

The club's nickname is the Čarapani which translates in English to the sock-men, the origin of this nickname are from the times of the First Serbian Uprising, when the local insurgents took off their slippers and silently went to defend their homeland against the Ottoman occupation of Serbia, in socks. Another interpretation is related to the custom of men in this area who in urban legend in medieval times wore beautiful, long embroidered socks.
100th Black Market
Barettofiriatachi no Yami-Ichiba ~ 100th Black Market (バレットフィリア達の闇市場 〜 100th Black Market; lit. "Bulletphiles' Black Market") is the 18.5th Touhou Project game. It was first announced at Touhou Yomoyama News on July 21, 2022, and released at the 100th Comiket on August 14, 2022, with a Steam release on August 14, 2022.

Comiket
Comic Market (コミックマーケット, Komikku Māketto), more commonly known as Comiket (コミケット, Komiketto) or Comike (コミケ, Komike), is a semiannual doujinshi convention in Tokyo, Japan. A grassroots market focused on the sale of doujin (self-published) works, Comiket is a not-for-profit fan convention administered by the volunteer-run Comic Market Preparatory Committee (ComiketPC). Inaugurated on 21 December 1975 with an estimated 700 attendees, Comiket has since grown to become the largest fan convention in the world, with an estimated turnstile attendance of 750,000 in 2019. Comiket is typically held at Tokyo Big Sight in August and December, with the two events distinguished as Summer Comic Market (夏コミ, Natsukomi) and Winter Comic Market (冬コミ, Fuyukomi), respectively.