hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Play (hacker group)
Play (also Play Ransomware or PlayCrypt) is a hacker group responsible for ransomware extortion attacks on companies and governmental institutions. The group emerged in 2022 and attacked targets in the United States, Brazil, Argentina, Germany, Belgium and Switzerland.

Security experts suspect that the group has links to Russia, since the encryption techniques used are similar to those used by other Russian-linked ransomware groups such as Hive and Nokoyawa.

The name "play" comes from the ".play" file extension that the group uses to encrypt their victims' data, leaving a message containing the word "PLAY" and an email address.

Hive (ransomware)
Hive (also known as the Hive ransomware group) was a ransomware as a service (RaaS) operation carried out by the eponymous cybercrime organization between June 2021 and January 2023. The group's purpose was to attack mainly public institutions to subsequently demand ransom for release of hijacked data.

In January 2023, following a joint US–German investigation involving 13 law enforcement agencies, the United States announced that the FBI had "hacked the hackers" over several months, resulting in seizure of the Hive ransomware group's servers, effectively shuttering the criminal enterprise. The Hive ransomware group had extorted over $100 million from about 1,500 victims in more than 80 countries when dismantled by law enforcement. The investigation continued, with the US State Department adding a $US10 million bounty for information linking Hive ransomware to any foreign government.
Morgan J. O'Brien
Morgan Joseph O'Brien (April 28, 1852 – June 16, 1937) was a lawyer and Judge of the New York Supreme Court and later as member and Presiding Justice of the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court, First Judicial Department from 1896 to 1905. He also served a brief term as Corporation Counsel for New York City in 1887, leaving the position after six months to become a judge.

O'Brien was born in New York City. He was educated in public schools, then at St. John's College, St. Francis Xavier College in New York, and Columbia Law School. He married Rose M. Crimmins on February 5, 1880, and they had nine children, including New York Supreme Court judge Kenneth O'Brien.

He died from pneumonia on June 16, 1937, at his home in Manhattan, and was buried at Corpus Christi Monastery in The Bronx.

Corpus Christi Monastery
Corpus Christi Monastery, founded in 1891, is the oldest monastery in the United States of nuns of the Dominican Order. It is an offshoot of Notre-Dame-de-Prouille Monastery, the first monastery of nuns founded by Dominic de Guzman, founder and namesake of the Order, in France in 1206. Dominic saw these first women as partners in the "Holy Preaching" of the friars he soon founded, offering them support by their prayers and sacrifices.
Antonio Banfi
Antonio Banfi (30 September 1886 – 22 July 1957) was an Italian philosopher and politician. He is also noted for founding the Italian philosophical school called critical rationalism.

Although influenced by the neo-Kantians in Marburg and Edmund Husserl, whom he knew personally, Banfi moved away from idealism and instead focused on Marxism, in particular historical materialism. Banfi joined the Italian Communist Party in 1947. He was elected to the Italian Senate in 1948 and again in 1953.

Critical rationalism
Critical rationalism is Karl Popper's answer to what he considered the most important problems of epistemology and philosophy  of science: the problems of the growth of knowledge, notably by induction, and the demarcation of science.  He adopted a fallibilist approach to these problems, especially that of induction, without falling into skepticism. His approach was to put in perspective the distinctive role of deductive logic in the development of knowledge, especially in science, in the context of a less rigorous methodology based on critical thinking.  The central technical concept in the application of critical rationalism to science is falsifiability. Popper first mentioned the term "critical rationalism" in The Open Society and Its Enemies (1945), and also later in Conjectures and Refutations (1963), Unended Quest (1976), and The Myth of the Framework (1994).
Cameron Blockhouse
The Cameron Blockhouse is a timber blockhouse in Wanganui, New Zealand, built during the New Zealand Wars in the mid-19th century. It is a rare surviving example of a privately constructed redoubt from that era.

John Cameron bought the property known as Marangai in 1841,  but it wasn't until around 1868, when he commissioned a blockhouse to protect his family from what he believed was an impending attack by Māori leader Riwha Titokowaru. Titokowaru had won several battles in south Taranaki and was heading south to Wanganui. Heightening the fears of settlers was Te Kooti's raid of Poverty Bay that occurred around the same time.

The blockhouse consists of a floor of compacted earth, double-skinned tōtara walls with clay infill and a corrugated iron roof. Clay was used in the walls for protection against bullets and the threat of fire.

The blockhouse was listed as a Historic Place Category 1 on 10 October 1994.

Tītokowaru
Riwha Tītokowaru (born Riwha, c. 1823– 18 August 1888) was a Taranaki Māori rangatira, military commander, general and religious leader. He is considered to be one of the most capable and influential military strategists in New Zealand history. He waged a war against invading settlers and Crown forces which became known as Tītokowaru's War. His reputation has stayed largely the same for 150 years; James Belich has described him as "perhaps the greatest war leader either of New Zealand’s peoples has ever produced".

After the period of warfare he again became an advocate for peace and made diplomatic efforts between Māori, colonial settlers and the government. He was arrested and jailed after a peaceful occupation of land near Manaia in 1886 and he died two years later in 1888.
Saishunkan (school)
Saishunkan was a han medical school, established by Hosokawa Shigekata in 1756 in Kumamoto, Japan. Internal medicine (Chinese medicine), surgery (treatment of wounds), ophthalmology, pediatrics, gynecology, oral medicine, acupuncture, acupressure were taught.

Acupressure
Acupressure is an alternative medicine technique often used in conjunction with acupuncture or reflexology. It is based on the concept of "life energy" (qi), which purportedly flows through "meridians" in the body. There is no scientific evidence for the existence of acupuncture points, meridians, or qi.

Although some medical studies have suggested that acupressure may be effective at helping manage nausea and vomiting, insomnia, low back pain, migraines, and constipation, among other things, such studies have been found to have a high likelihood of bias. There is no reliable evidence for the effectiveness of acupressure.
KMYZ-FM
KMYZ-FM (104.5 MHz) is a commercial radio station licensed to Pryor, Oklahoma and serving the Tulsa metropolitan area.  It airs an alternative rock format branded as "Z104.5 The Edge".  It is owned by the Stephens Media Group with studios at the CityPlex Towers on East 81st Street in South Tulsa.

KMYZ-FM has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 70,000 watts.  The transmitter tower is in Coweta, near the Muskogee Turnpike.

Coweta, Oklahoma
Coweta is a city in Wagoner County, Oklahoma, United States, a suburb of Tulsa. As of the 2020 census, Coweta had a population of 9,654. Part of the Creek Nation in Indian Territory before Oklahoma became a U.S. state, the town was first settled in 1840.
Luigi Poggi (sailor)
Luigi Mino Poggi (11 March 1906 – 19 November 1962) was an Italian sailor who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics and in the 1948 Summer Olympics. In 1936 he was a crew member of the Italian boat Italia which won the gold medal in the 8 metre class competition. In 1948 he finished eighth as a crew member of the Italian boat Ciocca II in the 6 metre class event.

8 Metre
The International Eight Metre class are class of racing yachts.  Eight Metre boats (often called "Eights" or 8mR) are a construction class, meaning that the boats are not identical but are all designed to meet specific measurement formula, in this case International rule.  Before WW II, Eights were the most prestigious international yacht racing class and they are still raced around the world. "Eight metre" in class name does not, somewhat confusingly, refer to length of the boat, but product of the formula. 8mR boats are on average some 15 metres long. Between 1907 and 2008 approximately 500 8mR boats were built, 177 of them have survived until today.
Pacifastacus nigrescens
Pacifastacus nigrescens, the sooty crayfish, is an extinct species of crayfish in the family Astacidae. It was originally described in 1857 by William Stimpson from the area around San Francisco, where it was once common in the creeks surrounding San Francisco Bay. The signal crayfish, Pacifastacus leniusculus was introduced to California, probably in the 19th century, and since then, no sightings of P. nigrescens have been made; it is now believed to be extinct. Intensive searches of its former habitat have found that every site where it once occurred is now occupied by either the signal crayfish or Procambarus clarkii.

The preserved specimen of male and female P. nigrescens, suggests that scale bars for males is 5 mm (0.20 in), while for females its 2 mm (0.079 in). The size of the specimen was 46.3 to 52.2 mm (1.82 to 2.06 in) for males, while females were 35 mm (1.4 in).

Crayfish
Crayfish are freshwater crustaceans belonging to the infraorder Astacidea, which also contains lobsters. Taxonomically, they are members of the superfamilies Astacoidea and Parastacoidea. They breathe through feather-like gills. Some species are found in brooks and streams, where  fresh water is running, while others thrive in swamps, ditches, and paddy fields. Most crayfish cannot tolerate polluted water, although some species, such as Procambarus clarkii, are hardier. Crayfish feed on animals and plants, either living or decomposing, and detritus.

The term "crayfish" is applied to saltwater species in some countries.
Khalil Jahshan
Khalil Jahshan (Arabic: خليل جهشان) (born in Nazareth, British Mandate of Palestine in 1948) is a Palestinian-American political analyst and media commentator. He serves currently as Executive Director of Arab Center Washington DC, a nonprofit think tank focusing on U.S. foreign policy in the Middle East. Between 2004-2013, Jahshan was a Lecturer in International Studies and Languages at Pepperdine University and Executive Director of its Seaver College Washington DC Internship Program. He received a bachelor's degree in political science and French from Harding University in 1972.

Pepperdine University
Pepperdine University (/ˈpɛpərdaɪn/) is a private research university affiliated with the Churches of Christ and with its main campus located in Los Angeles County, California, United States. Pepperdine's main campus consists of 830 acres (340 ha) overlooking the Pacific Ocean and the Pacific Coast Highway near Malibu, California. Founded by entrepreneur George Pepperdine in South Los Angeles in 1937, the school expanded to Malibu in 1972. Courses are now taught at the main Malibu campus, as well as the graduate campuses in the United States, Latin America, and Europe.

The university is composed of an undergraduate liberal arts school (Seaver College) and four graduate schools: the Caruso School of Law, the Graziadio Business School, the Graduate School of Education and Psychology, and the School of Public Policy. It is classified with a "Research 2 (R2): High Research Activity" designation.
Onamia, Minnesota
Onamia (/oʊˈneɪmiːə/ oh-NAYM-ee-ə) is a city in Mille Lacs County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 784 as of the 2020 census, down from 878 in 2010. U.S. Highway 169 and Minnesota State Highway 27 are the main routes in the community.

Minnesota State Highway 27
Minnesota State Highway 27 (MN 27) is a 247.623-mile-long (398.511 km) state highway in west-central and east-central Minnesota, which runs from its intersection with MN 28 in Browns Valley and continues east to its interchange with Interstate 35 (I-35) in Moose Lake. For part of its route (23 miles), it runs concurrently with MN 65 in Kanabec and Aitkin counties between Woodland and Rice River Township.
Tessellated darter
The tessellated darter (Etheostoma olmstedi) is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish, a darter from the subfamily Etheostomatinae, part of the family Percidae, which also contains the perches, ruffes and pikeperches. It is native to Canada and the United States. It was formerly considered a subspecies of the johnny darter, which it greatly resembles in general appearance.

Percidae
The Percidae are a family of ray-finned fish, part of the order Perciformes, which are found in fresh and brackish waters of the Northern Hemisphere. The majority are Nearctic, but there are also Palearctic species. The family contains nearly 250 species in 12 genera. The perches and their relatives are in this family; well-known species include the walleye, sauger, ruffe, and three species of perch. However, small fish known as darters are also a part of this family.

Despite the widespread and speciose nature of this family, the vast majority of its species diversity is within the darters, which are restricted to eastern North America, and the majority of which have small ranges. Excluding the darters, this family contains only 20 species. In Europe, percids were likely a more ecologically dominant group in the past than now, with the immigration of cyprinids to Europe during the Miocene causing a decline in their importance.
Beeston Cliffs
Beeston Cliffs is a 10.3-hectare (25-acre) biological and geological Site of Special Scientific Interest in Sheringham in Norfolk, England. It is a Geological Conservation Review site.

This is the type site for the Beestonian stage of the Early Pleistocene, between around 1.8 and 0.8 million years ago. It has both marine and freshwater deposits. There is a nationally rare plant, purple broomrape, in calcareous grassland on the clifftop.

There is public access to the site.

Early Pleistocene
The Early Pleistocene is an unofficial sub-epoch in the international geologic timescale in chronostratigraphy, representing the earliest division of the Pleistocene Epoch within the ongoing Quaternary Period. It is currently estimated to span the time between 2.580 ± 0.005 Ma (million years ago) and 0.773 ± 0.005 Ma. The term Early Pleistocene applies to both the Gelasian Age and the Calabrian Age.

While the Gelasian and the Calabrian have officially been defined by the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) to effectively constitute the Early Pleistocene, the succeeding Chibanian and Tarantian ages have yet to be ratified. These proposed ages are unofficially termed the Middle Pleistocene and Late Pleistocene respectively. The Chibanian provisionally spans time from 773 ka to 126 ka, and the Tarantian from then until the definitive end of the whole Pleistocene, c. 9700 BC in the 10th millennium BC.
Esther (given name)
Esther (Hebrew: אֶסְתֵּר) is a female given name known from the Jewish queen Esther, eponymous heroine of the Book of Esther.

According to the Hebrew Bible, queen Esther was born with the name הֲדַסָּה‎ Hadassah ("Myrtle"). Her name was changed to Esther to hide her identity upon becoming queen of Persia. The three letter root of Esther in Hebrew is s-t-r (סתר‎), "hide, conceal". The passive infinitive is (לְהִסָּ֫תֶר‎), "to be hidden".

The name can be derived from the Old Persian stāra (NPer. ستاره setāra, meaning "star") although some scholars identify Esther with the name of the Babylonian goddess of love Ishtar, given its association with the planet Venus (in its role as the Morning Star and the Evening star; see also the Star of Ishtar).

Babylonian religion
Babylonian religion is the religious practice of Babylonia. Babylonia's mythology was largely influenced by its Sumerian counterparts and was written on clay tablets inscribed with the cuneiform script derived from Sumerian cuneiform. The myths were usually either written in Sumerian or Akkadian. Some Babylonian texts were translations into Akkadian from Sumerian of earlier texts, but the names of some deities were changed.
Aloka McLean
Aloka Chandra McLean (born December 21, 1981, in Halifax, Nova Scotia) is a Canadian actress. She is most noted for her role in the film The Lotus Eaters, for which she received a Genie Award nomination for Best Actress at the 14th Genie Awards in 1993. The Lotus Eaters was her first film role; around the same time, she had her first stage role playing Helen Keller in a Vancouver production of The Miracle Worker.

McLean also made guest appearances in the television series Neon Rider, The X-Files and Are You Afraid of the Dark?, and the television films Justice for Annie: A Moment of Truth Movie and Songs in Ordinary Time.

The Miracle Worker (play)
The Miracle Worker is a three-act play by William Gibson adapted from his 1957 Playhouse 90 teleplay of the same name. It was based on Helen Keller's 1903 autobiography The Story of My Life.

The play's title was inspired by a Mark Twain quote: "Helen is a miracle, and Miss Sullivan is the miracle worker".
Samuel Guthrie (politician)
Samuel "Sam" Guthrie (1885 – January 25, 1960) was a Scottish-born miner, farmer and political figure in British Columbia. He represented Newcastle from 1920 to 1924 as a Federated Labour member and Cowichan-Newcastle from 1937 to 1949 as a Co-operative Commonwealth Federation member in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia.

He was born in East Kilbride, Lanarkshire and worked as a boy in the Scottish coal mines. Guthrie came to Canada in 1911 and settled on Vancouver Island south of Nanaimo. He was once again employed in the coal mines. He was jailed for two years following a long strike. After his release, Guthrie began farming. He was elected to the assembly in 1920 and then defeated in 1924, 1928 and 1933. After his defeat in the 1949 provincial election, he retired from politics and lived in North Oyster. He died there at the age of 75.

Newcastle (electoral district)
Newcastle was a provincial electoral district in the Canadian province of British Columbia to the south and including some of the city of Nanaimo. It was created in 1903, and lasted until 1924, when it was largely replaced by Cowichan-Newcastle.
2010 Copa Sevilla – Doubles
Treat Conrad Huey and Harsh Mankad were the defending champions, however only Huey chose to compete this year.
He partnered with Photos Kallias from Cyprus, but they lost to Gerard Granollers Pujol and Albert Ramos Viñolas in the first round.Daniel Muñoz de la Nava and Santiago Ventura won in the final, against Nikola Ćirić and Guillermo Olaso 6–2, 7–5.

Santiago Ventura Bertomeu
Santiago Ventura Bertomeu (Spanish pronunciation: [sanˈtjaɣo βenˈtuɾa βeɾtoˈmew]; born 5 January 1980) is a retired tennis player from Spain. He was born in Castellón, Spain and lives in Burriana, Spain. He is a clay court specialist and is known for the considerable use of drop shots during his matches.

Ventura reached a career-high singles ranking of world No. 65 on 3 March 2008. He reached a career-high doubles ranking of world No. 37 on 7 July 2008.

He was the first player to be beaten by Andy Murray on the ATP Tour, in the first round of the Aegon Championships tournament in 2005.
Leone High School
Leone High School is a senior high school in Vailoatai  and Leone, in the Western District, American Samoa. It is operated by the American Samoa Department of Education. It is the second-largest high school on Tutuila Island.

It was opened in September 1965. It was designed for students from the Western District and transfer students from Manua. Central island and Eastern District students attended the High School of American Samoa at Utulei, later to be known as Samoana High School.

Leone High School was the second structure in American Samoa to receive an honor for its design. The same architects, Wimberly, Whisenand, Allison, and Tong of Hawai'i, received their first award for the Governor H. Rex Lee Auditorium. They have also designed Rainmaker Hotel and Pacific Coconut Processing (now part of StarKist).

StarKist
StarKist Tuna is a brand of tuna produced by StarKist Co., an American company formerly based in Pittsburgh's North Shore that is now wholly owned by Dongwon Industries of South Korea. It was purchased by Dongwon from the American food manufacturer Del Monte Foods on June 24, 2008, for slightly more than $300 million. In 2021, the headquarters were moved to Reston, Virginia.
Unit 100
Unit 100 (第百部隊, dai-hyaku butai) was an Imperial Japanese Army facility  called the Kwantung Army Warhorse Disease Prevention Shop that focused on the development of biological weapons during World War II. It was operated by the Kempeitai, the Japanese military police. Its headquarters was located in Mokotan, Manchukuo, a village just south of the city of Changchun.: 312  It had branches in Dairen and Hailar. The Hailar branch was later transferred to Foshan.: 313  Between 600 and 800 people worked at Unit 100.: 313

The Unit focused on plant and animal biological warfare, producing and deploying livestock and crop viruses in China. The Unit was led by Wakamatsu Yujiro. Unit 100 would cooperate with Unit 731 when necessary.

Hailar District
Hailar District, formerly a county-level city, is an urban district that serves as the seat of the prefecture-level city Hulunbuir in northeastern Inner Mongolia, China. Hulunbuir, due to its massive size, is a city in administrative terms only, being mainly grassland and rural.

Long known as the "Pearl of the Grasslands", Hailar acts as a gateway between China and Russia. The district spans an area of 1,319.8 square kilometers, and has an estimated population of 365,000 as of 2010. The district serves as a regional center for commerce, trade, and transportation.
Mairata
Mairata is a genus of soil centipedes in the subfamily Aphilodontinae, a clade formerly known as the family Aphilodontidae but now deemed a subfamily within the family Geophilidae. This genus contains only two species: M. itatiaiensis and the type species M. butantan. Both species are found in the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil.

Geophilomorpha
Geophilomorpha is an order of centipedes commonly known as soil centipedes. The name "Geophilomorpha" comes from Ancient Greek γεω- (geo-), meaning "earth", φίλος (phílos), meaning "lover", and μορφή (morphḗ), meaning "form". This group is the most diverse centipede order, with 230 genera. These centipedes are found nearly worldwide but are absent in Antarctica and most Arctic regions.
Moira K. Lyons
Moira K. Lyons is an American retired politician from Stamford, Connecticut who served as a member of the Connecticut House of Representatives from 1981 to 2005. She also served as the speaker of the Connecticut House of Representatives from 1999 to 2005.

Connecticut House of Representatives
The Connecticut House of Representatives is the lower house in the Connecticut General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Connecticut. The house is composed of 151 members representing an equal number of districts, with each constituency containing nearly 22,600 residents. Representatives are elected to two-year terms with no term limits.
The House convenes within the Connecticut State Capitol in Hartford.
Lypovets
Lypovets (Ukrainian: Липовець, IPA: [ˈlɪpowetsʲ] ⓘ, Polish: Lipowiec) is a small city in  Vinnytsia Raion, Vinnytsia Oblast, Ukraine. Until the administrative reform of 2020, it served as the administrative center of the former Lypovets Raion. Population: 7,958 (2022 estimate). It is located in the historic region of Podolia.

Vinnytsia Oblast
Vinnytsia Oblast (Ukrainian: Вінницька область, romanized: Vinnytska oblast, IPA: [ˈwinːɪtsʲkɐ ˈɔblɐsʲtʲ]), also referred to as Vinnychchyna (Ukrainian: Вінниччина), is an oblast in central Ukraine. Its administrative center is Vinnytsia. The oblast has a population of 1,509,515 (2022 estimate).