hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sendov's conjecture
In mathematics, Sendov's conjecture, sometimes also called Ilieff's conjecture, concerns the relationship between the locations of roots and critical points of a polynomial function of a complex variable.  It is named after Blagovest Sendov.

The conjecture states that for a polynomial

with all roots r1, ..., rn inside the closed unit disk |z| ≤ 1, each of the n roots is at a distance no more than 1 from at least one critical point.

The Gauss–Lucas theorem says that all of the critical points lie within the convex hull of the roots.  It follows that the critical points must be within the unit disk, since the roots are.

The conjecture has been proven for n < 9 by Brown-Xiang and for n sufficiently large by Tao.

Conjecture
In mathematics, a conjecture is a proposition that is proffered on a tentative basis without proof. Some conjectures, such as the Riemann hypothesis or Fermat's conjecture (now a theorem, proven in 1995 by Andrew Wiles), have shaped much of mathematical history as new areas of mathematics are developed in order to prove them.
Cooku with Comali season 5
Cooku with Comali 5 is the fifth season of the Tamil reality cooking TV show Cooku with Comali. It premiered on Star Vijay on 17 April 2024, and aired on every Saturday and Sunday at 21:30. Chef Damu returned to judged, accompanied by the new Madhampatty Rangaraj. The final episode aired on 29 September 2024. The season was won by television presenter Priyanka Deshpande, and the runner-up was actress Sujitha.

Cooku with Comali
Cooku with Comali  (transl. Cook with Clown), also known by the acronym CWC, is an Indian Tamil-language comedy-based cooking competition show aired on Star Vijay and streams on Disney+ Hotstar where the contestants are paired each week with comedians (comalis) who are amateur cooks. The first season premiered on 16 November 2019 and ended on 23 February 2020. The second season premiered on 14 November 2020 and ended on 14 April 2021. The third season premiered on 22 January 2022 and ended on 24 July 2022. The fourth season premiered on 28 January 2023 and ended on 30 July 2023. The contestants along with their comalis are challenged every week and are judged by Chef Damu and Chef Venkatesh Bhat until season 4.
Port of Yalta
Yalta Sea Commercial Port is a commercial seaport in the city of Yalta, Ukraine, on the Black Sea coast of Crimea. The port is originally subordinated to the Black Sea Shipping Company, now Ukrmorrichflot. Yalta sea trade port carries out transportation and processing of cargoes, and serves passengers in sailing abroad and in small cabotage.

Black Sea Shipping Company
Black Sea Shipping Company (Ukrainian: Чорноморське морське пароплавство; Russian: Черноморское морское пароходство) is a Ukrainian shipping company based in Kyiv.

The company was established during the Imperial Russian rule in 1833. Following the World War I and reorganization of the former empire as a Soviet state, company was owned by the Soviet government. During Soviet rule, the company held the title of world's largest shipping company for several years and was instrumental in important foreign trade and international aid initiatives of the Soviet government.
Muhammad al-Kattani
Muḥammad Bin ʿAbd al-Kabīr Al-Kattani (Arabic: محمد بن عبد الكبير الكتاني; 1873 – May 4, 1909), also known by his kunya Abū l-Fayḍ (أبو الفيض) or simply as Muhammad Al-Kattani, was a Moroccan Sufi faqih (scholar of Islamic law), reformer and poet from Fes. He is recognised as the father of the Moroccan constitution movement and the leader of the Conditioned Bay'ah of 1908. He was also vocally opposed to the metastasizing French colonial presence in Morocco, and launched at-Tā'ūn (الطاعون The Plague), the first national newspaper in Morocco. He was a member of the al-Kattani family and the Tariqa Kattania (الطريقة الكتانية), a Sufi order. He composed over 300 works, printed 27 of them, and wrote Sufi philosophical love poetry. He was accused of treason and flogged to death under Sultan Abdelhafid.

Abdelaziz of Morocco
Moulay Abd al-Aziz bin Hassan (Arabic: عبد العزيز بن الحسن, romanized: ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn al-Ḥasan; 24 February 1878 – 10 June 1943) was sultan of Morocco from 9 June 1894 to 21 August 1908, as a ruler of the 'Alawi dynasty. He was proclaimed sultan at the age of sixteen after the death of his father Hassan I.

Moulay Abdelaziz tried to strengthen the central government by implementing a new tax on agriculture and livestock, a measure which was strongly opposed by sections of the society. This in turn led Abdelaziz to mortgage the customs revenues and to borrow heavily from the French, which was met with widespread revolt and a revolution that deposed him in 1908 in favor of his brother Abd al-Hafid.
Peter A. Sarpy
Peter Abadie Sarpy (1804 – January 4, 1865) was a French-American entrepreneur and fur trader. He was the owner and operator of several fur trading posts essential to the development of the Nebraska Territory and a thriving ferry business.  Also, he helped plan the towns of Bellevue and Decatur, Nebraska. Nebraska's legislature named Sarpy County after him in honor of his service to the state.

Fort Atkinson (Nebraska)
Fort Atkinson was the first United States Army post to be established west of the Missouri River in the unorganized region of the Louisiana Purchase of the United States. Located just east of present-day Fort Calhoun, Nebraska, the fort was erected in 1819 and abandoned in 1827. The site is now known as Fort Atkinson State Historical Park and is a National Historic Landmark. A replica fort was constructed by the state at the site during the 1980s–1990s.

The post, which included soldiers, traders, trappers, and other frontier people, has been credited by the Nebraska State Legislature as the first town in Nebraska. Founded almost 30 years before the creation of the Nebraska Territory, Fort Atkinson had more than 1,000 residents. It included a brickyard, lime kiln, stone quarry, grist mill, saw mill, and cooper shop.
2008 Amstel Gold Race
The 2008 Amstel Gold Race is the 43rd edition of the Amstel Gold Race classic cycle race and took place on April 20, 2008. It was held on a 257.4 kilometres (159.9 mi) course from Maastricht to Cauberg as the fifth event of the 2008 UCI ProTour. Italian rider Damiano Cunego of Lampre won the event after sprinting past Luxembourger Fränk Schleck of Team CSC in the final 200 metres. Spanish rider Alejandro Valverde of Caisse d'Epargne finished third.

Cauberg
The Cauberg is a hill in Valkenburg aan de Geul, a town in the South Limburg region of the Netherlands. The hill played an important role in the early development of tourism in Valkenburg. Today, several major tourist attractions are situated on or nearby Cauberg. The hill's fame is mainly due to the many cycling races and championships that were held here. The length of the climb is around 1,200 metres (0.7 mi), with a maximum grade of 12%.
Clifford Chapman
Clifford Thomas Chapman FKC (23 May 1913 – 25 May 1982) was an Anglican priest.  He was the Dean of Exeter in the Church of England from 1973 to 1980.
Chapman was educated at Sir Walter St John’s School and King's College London. He was ordained in 1937 and began his ministry with curacies at  All Saints' Child’s Hill and  St Paul’s Winchmore Hill. After this he was the minister of the Church of Ascension Conventional District, Preston Road, Wembley and then the Rural Dean of Chelsea. From 1950 to 1961 he was the Rector of Abinger and from then until his appointment as the Dean of Exeter in 1973 he was a residentiary canon of Guildford Cathedral.

Christianity portal

Dean of Exeter
The Dean of Exeter is the head of the Chapter of Cathedral Church of Saint Peter in Exeter, England. The chapter was established by William Briwere, Bishop of Exeter (1224–44) who set up the offices of dean and chancellor of Exeter Cathedral, allowing the chapter to elect those officers. The deanery is at 10 The Close, Exeter. The current dean is Jonathan Greener.
Kampung Sungai Pusu
Kampung Sungai Pusu is a small village in Gombak District, Selangor, Malaysia. This village is located near International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) main campus.

3°15′N 101°45′E﻿ / ﻿3.250°N 101.750°E﻿ / 3.250; 101.750

Gombak District
The Gombak District is an administrative district located in the eastern-central part of the state of Selangor, Malaysia. The district was created on February 1, 1974, the same day when Kuala Lumpur was declared a Federal Territory.
Lebanese Red Cross
The Lebanese Red Cross (LRC) (Arabic: الصليب الأحمر اللبناني, al-Ṣalīb al-aḥmar al-lubnānī) is a humanitarian organization and an auxiliary team to the medical service of the Lebanese Army. Its headquarters is in the Lebanese capital city of Beirut. Founded in 1945, the organization comprises approximately 7,000 members/volunteers and 200 staff personnel. The society works with the International Federation and the ICRC, and on a bilateral basis with the Norwegian and the French Red Cross. As of 2008, the LRC also worked with the relevant components of the Lebanese authorities, with UN agencies and NGOs.

On account of its Christian majority until an indeterminate point in the third quarter of the 20th century, and its lack of any state religion, Lebanon is the only Arab League member state to use the Red Cross as its symbol; the remainder use the Red Crescent.

The Lebanese Red Cross was led as of 2021 by Secretary General Georges Kettaneh.

French Red Cross
The French Red Cross (French: Croix-Rouge française), or the CRF, is the national Red Cross Society in France founded in 1864 and originally known as the Société française de secours aux blessés militaires (SSBM). Recognized as a public utility since 1945, the French Red Cross is one of the 191 national societies of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. It has more than 62,000 volunteers and 17,000 employees. Its network consists of 1,062 local offices, 108 departmental and territorial delegations and 634 social, medico-social and health establishments throughout France, including the overseas departments and territories.
Benetton B194
The Benetton B194 is a Formula One racing car designed by Rory Byrne for use by the Benetton team in the 1994 Formula One World Championship.

This was the last Ford-powered Benetton F1 car since the B187 in 1987.

1994 German Grand Prix
The 1994 German Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 31 July 1994 at the Hockenheimring, Hockenheim. It was the ninth race of the 1994 Formula One World Championship.

The 45-lap race was won from pole position by Austrian driver Gerhard Berger, driving a Ferrari. Berger achieved the first victory for the Ferrari team since the 1990 Spanish Grand Prix, some 59 races previously. In a race of high attrition, including eleven retirements on the opening lap, only eight cars finished, with French drivers Olivier Panis and Éric Bernard second and third respectively in their Ligier-Renaults.
Minor Tyranny
The Minor Tyranny (Persian: استبداد صغیر) was a roughly one year long period in Iranian history lasting from the bombardment of the Iranian parliament by the forces of Mohammad Ali Shah on 23 June 1908 to the capture of Tehran by the revolutionary forces on 13 July 1909. This period was marked by the executions and expulsion of many journalists and constitutionalists as an era of absolutism returned to the country.

Seyyed Abdollah Behbahani
Abdollah Behbahani (Persian: سیدعبدالله بهبهانی, 1840–1910) was a Shi'a theologian and a prominent leader of the constitutional movement. He was born in Najaf and was educated by scholars such as Morteza Ansari.
During the constitutional movement he was influential in the Majlis. On the night of 15 July 1910, four gunmen attacked his house and killed him. Seyyed Hassan Taghizadeh was suspected to be responsible, and he subsequently fled the country.
1999 World Weightlifting Championships – Women's 48 kg
The Women's Flyweight Weightlifting Event (48 kg) is the lightest women's weight class event at the weightlifting competition, limited to competitors with a maximum of 48 kilograms of body mass. The competition at the 1999 World Weightlifting Championships took place in Athens, Greece on November 21, 1999.

Each lifter performed in both the snatch and clean and jerk lifts, with the final score being the sum of the lifter's best result in each. The athlete received three attempts in each of the two lifts; the score for the lift was the heaviest weight successfully lifted.

1999 World Weightlifting Championships
The 1999 World Weightlifting Championships were held at Peace and Friendship Stadium in Piraeus, Athens, Greece from November 21 to November 28, 1999.

It was the main qualifying events in the sport for the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia.
Begin ende voortgangh van de Vereenighde Nederlantsche Geoctroyeerde Oost-Indische Compagnie
Begin ende voortgangh van de Vereenighde Nederlantsche Geoctroyeerde Oost-Indische Compagnie ("Beginning and progress of the United Dutch Chartered East Indian Company"), compiled by the Dutch historian Isaac Commelin (1598-1676) from Amsterdam in the middle of the 17th century, is an illustrated collection of voyages, containing the journals of 21 navigators to the East and West Indies, representing the material for any research on Dutch exploration of trading routes.

Cornelis de Houtman
Cornelis de Houtman (2 April 1565 – 11 September 1599) was a Dutch merchant seaman who commanded the first Dutch expedition to the East Indies. Although the voyage was difficult and yielded only a modest profit, Houtman showed that the Portuguese monopoly on the spice trade was vulnerable. A flurry of Dutch trading voyages followed, eventually leading to the displacement of the Portuguese and the establishment of a Dutch monopoly on spice trading in the East Indies.
Museum of Ottoman House
The Museum of Ottoman House (Turkish: Osmanlı Evi Müzesi) is a historic house museum in Bursa, Turkey.

The museum is at 40°11′29″N 29°02′44″E﻿ / ﻿40.19139°N 29.04556°E﻿ / 40.19139; 29.04556 in Osmangazi district of Bursa to the west of Muradiye Complex. 
The building dates back to the 17th century. Before its construction there was probably a mansion of  the Ottoman sultan Murat II (r 1421–1451) where his son Mehmet II (r.1451–1481) was born. The building was opened in 1958 as a house museum. In 1973 and 1992 it underwent restoration.

The wooden house is a two-story building with a basement. Entrance to the basement is at north and to the ground floor is at west. In the ground floor, there are a wide hall with two symmetrical rooms in each side. In the upper floor, there are a harem room, a dining room and a guest room.

The two tombac candelabras stolen from Bursa Ottoman House were put up for sale in an auction in Sotheby’s in 1989. But they returned home in 1991.

Osmangazi
Osmangazi is a municipality and district of Bursa Province, Turkey. Its area is 621 km2, and its population is 891,250 (2022). It is one of the central metropolitan districts of the city of Bursa, as well as the fourth largest overall municipality in Turkey. On its own, it would be the 28th largest city in Turkey.

The district has been shaped by several civilizations: Rome, Byzantines, Seljuqians, and Ottomans. The first marks of the Ottoman Empire exist within Osmangazi where it extended from the foot of Uludağ to the plain of Bursa. Within the boundaries of Osmangazi, approximately 1800 registered historical buildings exist.
Indian Creek (Iowa River tributary)
Indian Creek is a stream in Louisa and Muscatine counties, Iowa, in the United States. It is a tributary of the Iowa River.

Indian Creek was named after the Native Americans who once inhabited the area.

Iowa River
The Iowa River is a tributary of the Mississippi River in the state of Iowa in the United States.  It is about 323 miles (520 km) long and is open to small river craft to Iowa City, about 65 miles (105 km) from its mouth. Its major tributary is the Cedar River.
Flag of Český Krumlov
The current flag of Český Krumlov, Czech Republic, was formally given to the town by the chairman of the Chamber of deputies Václav Klaus on June 14, 2001.

The town's previous flag had been green and white, but it had not been heraldically correct. The new flag consists of blue, white and blue stripes in the proportion 1:4:1, with a five-petalled red rose in the centre. The flag's ratio is 2:3. The rose is recommended to be half to two-thirds of the flag's width.

The rose comes from an emblem of the powerful Rožmberk family, who were important in Krumlov's history.

Český Krumlov
Český Krumlov (Czech pronunciation: [ˈtʃɛskiː ˈkrumlof] ⓘ; German: Krumau, Böhmisch Krumau) is a town in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 13,000 inhabitants. It is known as a tourist centre, which is among the most visited places in the country. The historic centre with the Český Krumlov Castle complex is protected by law as an urban monument reservation, and since 1992, it has been a designated UNESCO World Heritage Site because of its well-preserved Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque architecture.
Landover Mall
Landover Mall was a large shopping mall located in Landover, Maryland, directly across from FedExField, off MD 202 and Interstates 95 and 495. The mall was built by Sonny Abramson and Ted Lerner of Lerner Enterprises, and opened May 11, 1972. Like its neighbor, Capital Plaza Mall, it was a major attraction through its opening years in Prince George's County. The mall featured many anchors and smaller tenants; however, upon the decline and closing of its major anchors, the mall itself entered a state of decline. Finally, in 2002, the mall's doors were closed and it ultimately was demolished in 2006. Sears remained open because it owned the land beneath the store. Sears later sold the land underneath its store to Lerner. In January 2014, Sears announced that it would close in March.

Woodward & Lothrop
Woodward & Lothrop was a department store chain headquartered in Washington, D.C. that began as the capital's first department store in 1887. Woodies, as it was often nicknamed, maintained stores in the Mid-Atlantic United States. Its flagship store was a fixture of Washington, D.C.'s downtown shopping district, competing with Garfinckel's and acquiring Palais Royal. The chain filed for bankruptcy in January 1994 and completed liquidation in November 1995, with most locations were sold and converted into JCPenney. The flagship building is a D.C. historic landmark that became the center of controversy over competing visions for DC's urban renewal after the chain's demise, and the former service warehouse in the city's northeast is also listed as a landmark.
1963 World 600
The 1963 World 600, the 4th running of the event, was a NASCAR Grand National Series race held on June 2, 1963 at Charlotte Motor Speedway in Charlotte, North Carolina. Contested over 400 laps on the 1.5 mile (2.4 km) speedway, it was the 26th race of the 1963 NASCAR Grand National Series season. Fred Lorenzen of Holman-Moody won the race.

Paul Clark and Banjo Matthews would depart from NASCAR after the race while Joe Weatherly took the championship lead from Richard Petty.

1963 NASCAR Grand National Series
Sports portal

The 1963 NASCAR Grand National Series was an American stock car racing competition. It was the fourteenth running of what is now called the NASCAR Cup Series.

The series was won by Joe Weatherly from Richard Petty and Fred Lorenzen.
Kingdom of Jaén
The Kingdom of Jaén (Spanish: reino de Jaén) was a territorial jurisdiction of the Crown of Castile since 1246 and until Javier de Burgos' provincial division of Spain in 1833. This was a "kingdom" ("reino") in the second sense given by the Diccionario de la lengua española de la Real Academia Española: the Crown of Castile consisted of several such kingdoms. Known also as the "Santo Reino" ("Holy Kingdom"), its territory coincided roughly with the present-day province of Jaén. Jaén was one of the Four Kingdoms of Andalusia. Its extent is detailed in Respuestas Generales del Catastro de Ensenada (1750–54), which was part of the documentation of a census.

Like the other kingdoms within Spain, the Kingdom of Jaén was abolished by the 1833 territorial division of Spain.

Map of the Kingdom of Jaén, based on the Respuestas Generales del Catastro de Ensenada (1750–54)

The Four Kingdoms of Andalusia

Province of Jaén (Spain)
Jaén (Spanish pronunciation: [xaˈen]) is a province of southern Spain, in the eastern part of the autonomous community of Andalusia. It is bordered by the provinces of Ciudad Real, Albacete, Granada and Córdoba. Its capital is the city of Jaén.
Katherine Laird Cox
Katherine Laird "Ka" Cox (1887 – 23 May 1938), the daughter of a British socialist stockbroker and his wife, was a Fabian and graduate of Cambridge University. There, she met  Rupert Brooke, becoming his lover, and was a member of his Neo-Pagans. She was also a friend of Virginia Woolf and the Bloomsbury Group. During World War I she worked with the Serbian Relief Fund, assisting refugees in Corsica. After the war, she married the Labour politician Will Arnold-Forster, and became the first woman magistrate in Cornwall. She and her husband were instrumental in founding Gordonstoun School in Scotland in 1934. Her sudden death at the age of 51 fuelled speculation of involvement in the occult.

Lytton Strachey
Giles Lytton Strachey (/ˈdʒaɪlz ˈlɪtən ˈstreɪtʃi/; 1 March 1880 – 21 January 1932) was an English writer and critic. A founding member of the Bloomsbury Group and author of Eminent Victorians, he established a new form of biography in which psychological insight and sympathy are combined with irreverence and wit. His biography Queen Victoria (1921) was awarded the James Tait Black Memorial Prize.
Rag doll
A rag doll is a doll made from scraps of fabric. They are one of the oldest children's toys in existence. Today, many rag dolls are commercially produced to mimic aspects of the original home-made dolls, such as simple features, soft cloth bodies, and patchwork clothing.

Patchwork
Patchwork or "pieced work" is a form of needlework that involves sewing together pieces of fabric into a larger design. The larger design is usually based on repeating patterns built up with different fabric shapes (which can be different colors). These shapes are carefully measured and cut, basic geometric shapes making them easy to piece together.
1988 Los Angeles Dodgers season
The 1988 Los Angeles Dodgers season was the 99th season for the Los Angeles Dodgers franchise in Major League Baseball (MLB), their 31st season in Los Angeles, California, and their 27th season playing their home games at Dodger Stadium. The Dodgers as a squad that was picked to finish fourth would win the World Series, upsetting the heavily favored New York Mets and Oakland Athletics along the way. Kirk Gibson carried the Dodger offense, winning the National League Most Valuable Player Award. Orel Hershiser dominated on the mound, throwing a record 59 consecutive scoreless innings on his way to winning the Cy Young Award.

1988 Oakland Athletics season
The 1988 Oakland Athletics season was the 88th season for the Oakland Athletics franchise, all as members of the American League, and their 21st season in Oakland. The Athletics won their first  American League West title since 1981, with a record of 104 wins and 58 losses (the best record in the La Russa era). In 1988, the elephant was restored as the symbol of the Athletics and currently adorns the left sleeve of home and road uniforms. The elephant was retired as team mascot in 1963 by then-owner Charles O. Finley in favor of a Missouri mule. The A's defeated the Boston Red Sox in the ALCS, but lost the World Series to the Los Angeles Dodgers in five games, including a dramatic, classic walk-off home run by the Dodgers' Kirk Gibson in game one.

1988 was the first of three straight years the A's would represent the AL in the World Series.