hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dumnorix
Dumnorix (spelled Dubnoreix on coins) was a chieftain of the Aedui, a Celtic tribe in Gaul in the 1st century B.C. He was the younger brother of Divitiacus, the Aedui druid and statesman.

The Aedui were allies of Rome, but Dumnorix was a leader of the tribe’s anti-Roman faction, who “...thought it better to be dominated by their fellow Gauls... rather than the Romans.” His brother Diviciacus supported the Aedui's pre-existing alliance with Rome, was a leader of the pro-Roman faction, and would ultimately aid Julius Caesar in his conquest of Gaul. Dumnorix secretly worked to undermine Caesar’s and Diviciacus’ efforts in Gaul. Both brothers appear in Caesar’s Commentaries on the Gallic War.

Aedui
The Aedui or Haedui (Gaulish: *Aiduoi, 'the Ardent'; Ancient Greek: Aἴδουοι) were a Gallic tribe dwelling in what is now the region of Burgundy during the Iron Age and the Roman period.

The Aedui had an ambiguous relationship with the Roman Republic, as well as other Gallic tribes. In 121 BC, they appealed to Rome against the Arverni and Allobroges. During the Gallic Wars (58–50 BC), they gave valuable though not whole-hearted support to Caesar, before eventually giving lukewarm support to Vercingetorix in 52. Although they were involved in the revolts of Iulius Sacrovir in 21 AD and Vindex in 68 AD, their aristocracy became highly Romanized under the Empire.
Westerhusen
Westerhusen is a village in the region of East Frisia, in Lower Saxony, Germany. Administratively, it is an Ortsteil of the municipality of Hinte, of which it is located to the southwest. Westerhusen is about 5 kilometers to the north of Emden.

The Church of Westerhusen from the 15th century is located in the middle of the warft on which the village is built. The church had a Romanesque predecessor from the 13th century. The church organ in this building dates from 1643.

Emden
Emden (German pronunciation: [ˈɛmdn̩] ⓘ) is an independent town and seaport in Lower Saxony in the north-west of Germany and lies on the River Ems, close to the Netherlands border. It is the main town in the region of East Frisia and had a total population of 50,535 in 2022.
Common factors theory
Common factors theory, a theory guiding some research in clinical psychology and counseling psychology, proposes that different approaches and evidence-based practices in psychotherapy and counseling share common factors that account for much of the effectiveness of a psychological treatment. This is in contrast to the view that the effectiveness of psychotherapy and counseling is best explained by specific or unique factors (notably, particular methods or procedures) that are suited to treatment of particular problems.

However, according to one review, "it is widely recognized that the debate between common and unique factors in psychotherapy represents a false dichotomy, and these factors must be integrated to maximize effectiveness." In other words, "therapists must engage in specific forms of therapy for common factors to have a medium through which to operate." Common factors is one route by which psychotherapy researchers have attempted to integrate psychotherapies.

Judd Marmor
Judd Marmor (May 2, 1910 – December 16, 2003) was an American psychoanalyst and psychiatrist known for his role in removing homosexuality from the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.
Megali Mantineia
Megali Mantineia (Greek: Μεγάλη Μαντίνεια) is a mountain settlement in the municipal unit of Avia, Messenia, Greece. It sits at 200m above sea level, 2 km southeast of Avia, 3 km south of Mikri Mantineia and 10 km southeast of Kalamata.  Many of its residents only stay there during the summer months.

Kalamata
Kalamata (Greek: Καλαμάτα [kalaˈmata]) is the second most populous city of the Peloponnese peninsula in southern Greece after Patras, and the largest city of the homonymous administrative region. As the capital and chief port of the Messenia regional unit, it lies along the Nedon River at the head of the Messenian Gulf.

The 2021 census recorded 72,906 inhabitants for the wider Kalamata Municipality, of which 66,135 resided in the municipal unit of Kalamata, and 58,816 in the city proper. Kalamata is renowned as the land of the Kalamatianos dance, Kalamata olives and Kalamata olive oil.
Islam Abou Ouffa
Islam Abou Ouffa (Arabic: إِسْلَام أَبُو قُفَّة; born April 22, 1990) is an Egyptian professional footballer who currently plays as a defensive midfielder for the Egyptian club Ala'ab Damanhour. Abo-Ouffa succeeded with Ala'ab Damanhour to promote to 2014–15 Egyptian Premier League, and then moved to Haras El Hodoud and played only one season before moving to El Raja SC where they succeeded again to get promoted to 2017–18 Egyptian Premier League, but he then moved back to Ala'ab Damanhour in Egyptian Second Division with a 2-year contract.

Ala'ab Damanhour SC
Ala'ab Damanhour Sporting Club (Arabic: نادي الألعاب الرياضية بدمنهور) is an Egyptian football club based in Damanhour. The club is currently playing in the Egyptian Third Division, the third-highest league in the Egyptian football league system.
Ward Islands
Ward Islands (67°38′S 69°35′W﻿ / ﻿67.633°S 69.583°W﻿ / -67.633; -69.583) is a group of two small islands and off-lying rocks forming the southern part of the Amiot Islands, off the southwest part of Adelaide Island. Named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) for Herbert G.V. Ward, chief engineer of RRS John Biscoe, 1948–1962, which ship assisted the Royal Navy Hydrographic Survey Unit which charted this group in 1963.

Adelaide Island
Adelaide Island is a large, mainly ice-covered island, 139 kilometres (75 nmi) long and 37 kilometres (20 nmi) wide, lying at the north side of Marguerite Bay off the west coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. The Ginger Islands lie off the southern end. Mount Bodys is the easternmost mountain on Adelaide Island, rising to over 1,220 m. The island lies within the Argentine, British and Chilean Antarctic claims.
Anastasios Bakasetas
Anastasios "Tasos" Bakasetas (Greek: Αναστάσιος "Τάσος" Μπακασέτας; born 28 June 1993) is a Greek professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder and captains both Super League club Panathinaikos and the Greece national team.

Greek football PSAP awards
The Greek football PSAPP awards are a number of awards given annually by the Panhellenic Association of Professional Football Players (PSAPP) (Greek: Πανελλήνιος Σύνδεσμος Αμειβομένων Ποδοσφαιριστών Ποδοσφαιριστριών). These awards are given annually to players playing in the Super League Greece, Super League Greece 2 and in the Greek A Division. Until 2021, they were also given to players from the Greek third division. Managers and referees are also awarded by PSAPP on an annual basis.
Standing Fleet
The Standing Fleet (also known as the Readiness Fleet) (常備艦隊, Jōbi Kantai) was a fleet of the Imperial Japanese Navy. It was the main combat fleet of the Japanese Navy and formed the core of a wartime Combined Fleet organization. It was created from the Standing Small-Fleet in 1889. It was split into the 1st Fleet and the 2nd Fleet in 1903.

2nd Fleet (Imperial Japanese Navy)
The 2nd Fleet (第二艦隊, Dai-ni Kantai) was a fleet of the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) created as a mobile strike force in response to hostilities with Russia, and saw action in every IJN military operation until the end of World War II.
R. K. Shriramkumar
R. K. Shriramkumar (born 4 October 1966) is a virtuoso violinist and accompanist of the Carnatic Music (South Indian classical music). He hails from the Rudrapatna family of musicians from Karnataka. He is the grandson of the violinist R. K. Venkatarama Shastri and grand-nephew of R. K. Srikanthan. R. K. Shriramkumar is chosen for the Sangita Kalanidhi award for the year 2025.

Sangita Kalanidhi
Sangita Kalanidhi (transl. Treasure of Music and Art) is the title awarded annually to a Carnatic musician by the Madras Music Academy.

From 1929 to 1941, the award did not exist. The award was conceived in 1942 by Academy President K. V. Krishnaswami Iyer and on 1 January 1943 all musicians who had presided over the annual conferences between 1929 and 1942 were awarded the title. This included 2 or 3 past presidents - Palamarneri Swaminatha Iyer (1931), probably Umayalpuram Swaminatha Iyer (1936) and Mangudi Chidambara Bhagavatar (1937) - but no posthumous award has been presented since then. At times,  1946 is cited as the year of Umayalpuram Swaminatha Iyer's death, in which case he might have received the Sangita Kalanidhi in his lifetime.
John 18:38
John 18:38 is the 38th verse in chapter 18 of the Gospel of John in the New Testament of Christian Bible. It is often referred to as "jesting Pilate". In it, Pontius Pilate questions Jesus' claim that he is "witness to the truth" (John 18:37).

Following this statement, Pilate tells Jewish authorities outside that he does not consider Jesus guilty of any crime.

John 18
John 18 is the eighteenth chapter of the Gospel of John in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. This chapter records the events on the day of the Crucifixion of Jesus, starting with the arrest of Jesus the evening before (in Judaic calculation, this would be considered part of the same day). The three denials of Peter (John 18:15–18;25–26) are interwoven into the narrative concerning the trials of Jesus.

The book containing this chapter is anonymous; however, early Christian tradition generally considers that John the Evangelist composed the Gospel of John.
Evosea
Evosea is a diverse clade of amoeboid protists discovered through molecular analyses. Along with Tubulinea and Discosea, Evosea is one of the three major groups within Amoebozoa, an important clade of eukaryotic organisms. It contains unicellular organisms that display a wide variety of life cycles and cell shapes, including amoebae, flagellates and different kinds of slime molds.

Archamoebae
The Archamoebae are a group of protists originally thought to have evolved before the acquisition of mitochondria by eukaryotes. They include genera that are internal parasites or commensals of animals (Entamoeba and Endolimax).  A few species are human pathogens, causing diseases such as amoebic dysentery.  The other genera of archamoebae live in freshwater habitats and are unusual among amoebae in possessing flagella.  Most have a single nucleus and flagellum, but the giant amoeba Pelomyxa has many of each.
Brush Creek State Forest
Brush Creek State Forest is a state forest in Adams County, Ohio, United States.

The land it comprises was once part of Shawnee State Forest. When it became its own state forest, it was named after the nearby major stream, Scioto Brush Creek.

It contains historical stone quarries, locations for berry and mushroom harvesting, and two bridle trails, and hunting is permitted during the appropriate season.

Shawnee State Forest
Shawnee State Forest, also known as "Ohio's Little Smokies", is a state forest in the U.S. state of Ohio. It is located in western Scioto County and eastern Adams County and encompasses 63,747 acres (25,797 ha) of woodland. It is the largest state forest in Ohio. As with many government owned forests, some parts of Shawnee are actively managed through logging and other activities. However, approximately 8,000 acres (3,200 ha) of the forest is designated as wilderness, with no roads or logging allowed.  The Forest surrounds Shawnee State Park and contains inholdings as well.
Lai Chi Wo
Lai Chi Wo is a Hakka village near Sha Tau Kok, in the northeastern New Territories of Hong Kong. It is described as a "walled village" by some sources. Lai Chi Wo is located within Plover Cove Country Park and near Yan Chau Tong Marine Park. Founded by the Tsang and Wong families who established Lai Chi Wo over 300 years ago. The Tsangs' ancestors migrated from Shandong, while a Wong ancestor was a military commander who fled the fall of the Ming Dynasty. These two Hakka clans built the village, though their descendants have since dispersed, with only a few families still residing there, often in urban areas or abroad. As a result of this outward migration, the majority of the current residents are from the Tsang family, with only a few Wongs remaining in the village today.

Wu Kau Tang
Wu Kau Tang (Chinese: 烏蛟騰) is an area in Northeast New Territories, Hong Kong. It is administratively part of North District and is enclosed by Plover Cove Country Park on all sides. It is the starting point of the Wu Kau Tang Country Trail and the Plover Cove Reservoir Country Trail.

Originally named "Wu Kau Tin" (烏蛟田), the area comprises several villages, including Lo Wai (老圍), Ho Pui (河背), Leng Pui (嶺背), San Uk Ha (新屋家), Tin Sum (田心) and Sam Ka Tsuen (三家村).
Diploporita
Diploporita is an extinct group of blastozoans that ranged from the Ordovician to the Devonian. These echinoderms are identified by a specialized respiratory structure, called diplopores. Diplopores are a double pore system that sit within a depression on a single thecal (body) plate; each plate can contain numerous diplopore pairs.

Blastozoa
Blastozoa is a subphylum of extinct echinoderms characterized by the presence of specialized respiratory structures and brachiole plates used for feeding. It ranged from the Cambrian to the Permian. Biserial, triradiate, and pentaradiate ambulacral patterns have been identified in blastozoa specimens. The pentaradiate pattern in particular has been associated with several different classes.

A significant species has been found at the Zaouïa Formation.
Howrah–Barddhaman main line
The Howrah–Barddhaman main line is a broad-gauge railway line connecting Howrah and Barddhaman via Bandel. The 107 kilometres (66 mi) railway line operates in Howrah, Hooghly and Purba Barddhaman districts in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is part of the Howrah–Delhi main line and the Kolkata Suburban Railway system.

Hooghly River
The Hooghly River (/ˈhuːɡli/; Bengali: Hugli [ˈɦuɡli]) is the westernmost distributary of the Ganges, situated in West Bengal, India. It is known in its upper reaches as the Bhagirathi. The Bhagirathi splits off from the main branch of the Ganges at Giria. A short distance west, it meets the man-made Farakka Feeder Canal, which massively increases its flow. The river then flows south to join the Jalangi at Nabadwip, where it becomes the Hooghly proper. The Hooghly continues southwards, passing through the metropolis of Kolkata. Thereafter, it empties into the Bay of Bengal. Its tributaries include the Ajay, Damodar, Rupnarayan, and Haldi.

The Hooghly has religious significance as Hindus consider the river sacred. It also plays a major role in the agriculture, industry, and climate of the state.
Master of the Drapery Studies
The Master of the Drapery Studies (German: Meister der Gewandstudien), also known as Master of the Coburg Roundels (German: Meister der Coburger Rundblätter) is the notname given to the "very productive" and "multifaceted" late 15th-century author of some 30 surviving paintings and over 150 surviving drawings. According to the J. Paul Getty Museum, up to 180 surviving drawings "have been attributed to this master, comprising one of the most extensive bodies of drawn work of any northern European artist before Albrecht Dürer." Conversely, it has been suggested at least once that both the Master of the Drapery Studies and the Master of the Coburg Roundels may be two separate persons and that their body of work is attributable to a whole circle of artists.

Notname
In art history, a Notname (German: [ˈnoːtˌnaːmə] ⓘ, "name of necessity" or "contingency name") is an invented name given to an artist whose identity has been lost. The practice arose from the need to give such artists and their typically untitled or generically titled works an acceptable if unsatisfactory grouping to avoid confusion when cataloging.

The phrases provisional name, name of convenience, and emergency names are sometimes used to describe anonymous masters. Nonce name was at one time used.
Martha (given name)
Martha is a feminine given name (Latin from Ancient Greek Μάρθα (Mártha), from Aramaic מרתא (Mārtā) "the mistress" or "the lady", from מרה "mistress", feminine of מרי "master"). Patti, Patsy, and Patty were in use in Colonial America as English rhyming diminutives of the diminutive Mattie. Molly has been used as a diminutive of Martha since the 18th century.

Variants in different languages:

Maata (Māori)

Марфа (Marfa) (Russian and Belarusian), formerly spelled "Марѳа" from the Greek version of the name, that the Russians assimilate in F

Márta (Hungarian)

Marta, Martha (Indonesian)

Marta (Catalan, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Estonian, Italian, Latvian, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene, Spanish, Swedish)

Марта (Marta) (Bulgarian, Macedonian, Ukrainian)

Marthe (French, German, Dutch)

Martta (Finnish)

Moireach (Scottish Gaelic)

Morta (Lithuanian)

Sunny von Bülow
Martha Sharp "Sunny" von Bülow (née Crawford; September 1, 1931 − December 6, 2008) was an American heiress and socialite. Her second husband, Claus von Bülow, was convicted in 1982 of attempting to murder her by insulin overdose, but the conviction was overturned on appeal. A second trial found him not guilty, after experts opined that there was no insulin injection and that her symptoms were attributable to overuse of prescription drugs. The story was dramatized in the book and film Reversal of Fortune. Sunny von Bülow lived almost 28 years in a persistent vegetative state, from December 1980 until her death in a New York City nursing home on December 6, 2008.
Hesar-e Mohammadiyeh
Hesar-e Mohammadiyeh (Persian: حصارمحمديه, also Romanized as Ḩeşār-e Moḩammadīyeh) is a village in Qarah Kahriz Rural District, Qarah Kahriz District, Shazand County, Markazi Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,161, in 336 families.

Qarah Kahriz Rural District
Qarah Kahriz Rural District (Persian: دهستان قره كهريز) is in Qarah Kahriz District of Shazand County, Markazi province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Amarat. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Hafteh, now a neighborhood in the city of Shahbaz.
Waverly Public Library
The Waverly Public Library, located in Waverly, Iowa, is a public library that serves Waverly and the surrounding counties of Bremer and Butler.  As of April 2011, the library contains 66,790 volumes, including over 2,000 DVDs and over 1,000 CDs.  The library circulates approximately 166,909 items every year.

Waverly, Iowa
Waverly is a city in Bremer County, Iowa, United States. The population was 10,394 at the time of the 2020 census. It is the county seat of Bremer County and is part of the Waterloo-Cedar Falls metropolitan area. Waverly is situated along the Cedar River and is accessible via the Avenue of the Saints for transportation.

The sister city of Waverly is the German city of Eisenach, which is famous for the Wartburg castle. Waverly is the location of Wartburg College, which is named after the castle.
Aerialize Sydney Aerial Theatre
Aerialize Sydney Aerial Theatre is a Sydney-based circus school and performing arts organisation. It was founded in 1999 by Shelalagh McGovern and Aimee Thomas. The organisation is run by a board of directors and is classified as a not-for-profit organisation and non-governmental organisation in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Aerialize runs circus classes ranging from beginner to professional skill levels and is a training space for professional and recreational circus artists.

Originally founded in the Addison road Community Centre in Marrickville, Sydney, the aerial theatre organisation took up residency in the ‘Great Hall’ before moving to Canterbury, NSW.

Aerialize performed at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney at the Opening Ceremony.

Circus school
Circus schools are institutions that offer professional and sometimes degree-level training in various circus skills such as acrobatics, aerial arts, object manipulation, and other specialized physical skills.  The rise of the circus school as a venue for the transmission of traditional circus arts and the formalized research of new acts is a relatively recent phenomenon in the history of the circus.
Durward G. Hall Federal Building and United States Courthouse
The  Durward G. Hall Federal Building and United States Courthouse is an historic building located in Joplin, Missouri. Completed in 1904 and added to in 1936, the courthouse was constructed during a time of initial growth for the City of Joplin, following several years of civic effort to obtain a Federal Post Office and Courthouse. Originally constructed to house a U.S. Post Office, Federal Court Room and offices for various public agencies, today it stands as a well-preserved example of the neo-classical revival style popular in Federal buildings of the period. The building served as a courthouse of the United States District Court for the Western District of Missouri from 1904 to 1999. It is named for U.S. Representative Durward Gorham Hall.

United States District Court for the Western District of Missouri
The United States District Court for the Western District of Missouri (in case citations, W.D. Mo.) is the federal judicial district encompassing 66 counties in the western half of the State of Missouri. The Court is based in the Charles Evans Whittaker Courthouse in Kansas City.

As of August 2025, the interim United States attorney for the Western District of Missouri is R. Matthew Price.
Myoporum sandwicense
Myoporum sandwicense, commonly known as naio, bastard sandalwood or  false sandalwood is a species of flowering plant in the figwort family, Scrophulariaceae. It is a tree or shrub highly variable in its form, the size and shape of its leaves, in the number of flowers in a group and in the shape of its fruit. It is native to the Hawaiian Islands and the island of ʻEua in Tonga.

Grady Webster
Grady Linder Webster (1927–2005) was a plant systematist and taxonomist. He was the recipient of a number of awards and appointed to fellowships of botanical institutions in the United States of America. Webster's research included study of the diverse family Euphorbiaceae (spurges), on which he produced many papers, and he lectured on plant systematics, biogeography, and the ecology of pollination. Webster's career as a plant systematist was distinguished by the field research he undertook in remote tropical areas.
Roland Linz
Roland Gunther Linz (born 9 August 1981) is an Austrian former professional footballer who played as a forward.

He spent most of his extensive professional career with Austria Wien, winning five major titles including three Austrian Bundesliga championships. He also competed in France, Portugal, Turkey and Thailand.

Linz earned 39 caps for Austria, appearing for the nation at Euro 2008.

Austrian Cup
The Austrian Cup (German: ÖFB-Cup), known as UNIQA ÖFB Cup for sponsorship purposes, is an annual football competition held by the Austrian Football Association, the ÖFB. Austria Wien are the record cup winners, having won for the 27th time in 2008–09. Wolfsberger AC are the current holders, winning their first ever cup trophy in the 2024-25 edition.
Al-Wehdat SC
Al-Wehdat Sports Club (Arabic: نادي الوحدات الرياضي) is a Jordanian sports club founded in 1956. Its football team competes in the Jordanian Pro League, the top flight of Jordanian football.

The club is based in and represents the Palestinian refugee camp Al-Wehdat in Amman. The football team's home games are played at King Abdullah II Stadium (cap. 13,265).

King Abdullah II Stadium
The King Abdullah II Stadium (Arabic: ملعب الملك عبد الله الثاني) is a multi-purpose stadium located in Amman, Jordan. It is currently used mostly for football matches. The stadium holds 13,265 people.