hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tamagawa number
In mathematics, the Tamagawa number  of a semisimple algebraic group defined over a global field k is the measure of , where  is the adele ring of k. Tamagawa numbers were introduced by Tamagawa (1966), and named after him by Weil (1959).

Tsuneo Tamagawa's observation was that, starting from an invariant differential form ω on G, defined over k, the measure involved was well-defined: while ω could be replaced by cω with c a non-zero element of , the product formula for valuations in k is reflected by the independence from c of the measure of the quotient, for the product measure constructed from ω on each effective factor. The computation of Tamagawa numbers for semisimple groups contains important parts of classical quadratic form theory.

Global field
In mathematics, a global field is one of two types of fields (the other one is local fields) that are characterized using valuations. There are two kinds of global fields:

Algebraic number field: A finite extension of

Global function field: The function field of an irreducible algebraic curve over a finite field, equivalently, a finite extension of , the field of rational functions in one variable over the finite field with  elements.

An axiomatic characterization of these fields via valuation theory was given by Emil Artin and George Whaples in the 1940s.
Gdańsk Voivodeship (1945–1975)
The Gdańsk Voivodeship was a voivodeship (province) with capital in Gdańsk, that was located in the region of Pomerelia. It existed from 1945 to 1975. Until 28 June 1945, it remained under the administration of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Poland, which then was replaced by the Provisional Government of National Unity. On, 19 February 1947, the provisional government was replaced by the Polish People's Republic. It was established on 7 April 1945, from the parts of the territories of the Pomeranian Voivodeship, and the Masurian District, Poland. The voivodeship ceased to exist on 31 May 1975, when it was partitioned by then-established voivodeships of Elbląg, Gdańsk, and Słupsk.

Lębork County
Lębork County (Kashubian: Lãbòrsczi kréz, Polish: powiat lęborski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Pomeranian Voivodeship, northern Poland, on the Baltic coast. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Lębork, which lies 61 kilometres (38 mi) west of the regional capital Gdańsk. The only other town in the county is Łeba, lying 29 km (18 mi) north-west of Lębork.

The county covers an area of 706.99 square kilometres (273.0 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 66,196, out of which the population of Lębork is 35,333, that of Łeba is 3,644, and the rural population is 27,219.

Lębork County on a map of the counties of Pomeranian Voivodeship

Lębork County is bordered by Wejherowo County to the east, Kartuzy County to the south-east, Bytów County to the south and Słupsk County to the west. It also borders the Baltic Sea to the north.
Battle of Trešnjica
The Battle of Trešnjica was fought 2 November 1941 between partisan and Chetnik detachments and was the first major battle between Chetniks and partisans. This battle marks the beginning of an open conflict between formations under the command of Josip Broz Tito and Colonel Dragoljub Mihailović and implies the end of the two-month partial cooperation between the Partisan and Ravnagorje Chetnik movements in the area of western and central Serbia .

Ribaševina
Ribaševina (Serbian Cyrillic: Рибашевина) is a village located in the Užice municipality of Serbia. Royal Prime-minister Milan Stojadinovic was kept under house arrest in Ribasevina in 1939, before he was transferred to Mauritius. He was detained in Ribasevina in a villa of a famous Serbian and Yugoslavian painter and sculptor Mihailo Milovanovic.
Aileen Donnelly
Aileen Donnelly is an Irish judge who has served as a Judge of the Supreme Court of Ireland since June 2023. She previously served as a Judge of the Court of the Appeal from 2019 to 2023 and a Judge of the High Court from 2014 to 2019.

High Court (Ireland)
The High Court (Irish: An Ard-Chúirt) of Ireland is a court which deals at first instance with the most serious and important civil and criminal cases. When sitting as a criminal court it is called the Central Criminal Court and sits with judge and jury. It also acts as a court of appeal for civil cases in the Circuit Court. It also has the power to determine whether or not a law is constitutional, and of judicial review over acts of the government and other public bodies.
In the Dream House
In the Dream House is a memoir by Carmen Maria Machado. It was published on November 5, 2019, by Graywolf Press.

The book was awarded the 2019 Bisexual Book Award, 2020 Judy Grahn Award, 2020 Lambda Literary Award for Nonfiction, and 2021 Rathbones Folio Prize. It was also longlisted for the 2020 Andrew Carnegie Medal for Excellence in Nonfiction.

Bisexual Book Awards
The Bisexual Book Awards were an annual literary award program, presented by the Bi Writers Association to honour the year's best works of literature addressing themes of bisexuality. The awards were presented for the first time in 2013. Sheela Lambert founded and organized the awards until 2021.
Stephen Lake
Stephen David Lake (born 17 December 1963) is an Anglican clergyman and author who has been Bishop of Salisbury since April 2022; he was previously Dean of Gloucester from June 2011.

After a curacy at Sherborne Abbey he was priest in charge at St Aldhelm's Church, Branksome then Rural Dean of Poole. He was a Canon Residentiary and Sub-Dean at St Albans Cathedral from 2001 until June 2011, when he became Dean of Gloucester. He was confirmed as Bishop of Salisbury in April 2022.

Dean of Gloucester
The Dean of Gloucester is the head (primus inter pares: first among equals) and chair of the chapter of canons - the ruling body of Gloucester Cathedral - and senior priest of the Diocese of Gloucester. The dean and chapter are based at Gloucester Cathedral. The cathedral is the mother church of the Diocese of Gloucester and seat of the Bishop of Gloucester.
Long Island-Kokomohua Marine Reserve
Long Island-Kokomohua Marine Reserve is a marine reserve, in the Marlborough Region of New Zealand's South Island. It covers an area of 619 hectares at the entrance to the Queen Charlotte Sound in the Marlborough Sounds. It was the first marine reserve established on the South Island.

The reserve includes Long Island and the tiny Kokomohua Islands to its north, and a largely submerged reef which connects the islands and extends north-east about 500m. The marine reserve extends an area a further 463 metres to the northeast, where there are several rocky pinnacles in deep water.

Marlborough Sounds
The Marlborough Sounds (te reo Māori: Te Tauihu-o-te-Waka) are an extensive network of sea-drowned valleys at the northern end of the South Island of New Zealand. The Marlborough Sounds were created by a combination of land subsidence and rising sea levels. According to Māori mythology, the sounds are the prows of the many sunken waka of Aoraki.
Executive Council of Bern
The Executive Council (German: Regierungsrat, French: Conseil-éxecutif) is the executive of the Swiss canton of Bern.

This seven-member collegial body is elected by the people for a period of four years. The cantonal constitution reserves one seat in the Executive Council for a French-speaking citizen from the Bernese Jura. The presidency, by convention, rotates annually and the position is largely that of a primus inter pares.

Green Party of Switzerland
The Green Party of Switzerland (German: GRÜNE Schweiz; French: Les VERT-E-S suisses; Italian: VERDI svizzeri; Romansh: VERDA svizra) is a green political party in Switzerland. It is the fifth-largest party in the National Council of Switzerland and the largest party that is not represented on the Federal Council.
Vilimeeste
Vilimeeste is a village in Viljandi Parish, Viljandi County, Estonia. Until the 2017 administrative reform of Estonian municipalities the village was located in Tarvastu Parish. Vilimeeste is 17 km (10 miles) southeast of the town of Viljandi and 5.9 km (4 miles) northwest of the small borough of Mustla. Neighboring villages include Ämmuste and Holstre. As of 2011, the population on Vilimeeste was 51, a slight decrease from 53 in the 2000 census.

Holstre
Holstre is a village in Viljandi Parish, Viljandi County, Estonia. It has a population of about 220. It was a part of Paistu Parish until 2013.

Holstre is the birthplace of Estonian composer Juhan Aavik (1884-1982).
Centre de services scolaire des Navigateurs
Centre de services scolaire des Navigateurs is a French-language school service centre in Chaudière-Appalaches, Quebec, Canada. Its web site gives its address as Saint-Romuald, a former town annexed to Lévis several years ago. 
The director general is Esther Lemieux.

In 2020 the centre replaced the old Commission scolaire des Navigateurs.

School service centre
The school service centre (French: centre de services scolaire) is the model of public French school self-governance, which replaced school boards in 2020, in the province of Québec (Canada), appointed by the Ministry of Education.
Richmond Park Golf Course
Richmond Park Golf Course, a public, daily fee golf course comprising two 18-hole courses, is located in Richmond Park in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames and is home to Richmond Park Golf Club, Putney Park Golf Club and White Lodge Golf Club.

John Henry Taylor
John Henry "J.H." Taylor (19 March 1871 – 10 February 1963) was an English professional golfer and one of the pioneers of the modern game of golf. Taylor is considered to be one of the best golfers of all time. He was a significant golf course architect. Taylor helped to found the British PGA, the world's first, and became respected for his administrative work. He also wrote two notable golf books.
Sehirus luctuosus
Sehirus luctuosus,  the Forget-me-not Bug, is a burrowing shieldbug belonging to the family Cydnidae. It is found from Europe to Central Asia.In Central Europe it is widespread and not uncommon. They are found in the Alps on sunny slopes up to almost 2000 meters above sea level.

Adults are 6.2 to 8.3 millimeters long. They are completely black in colour and only sometimes have a bronze sheen. The second antennal segment (pedicellus) is much paler than the rest.

Sehirus luctuosus feeds on species of Anchusa. Echium vulgare, forget-me-nots Myosotis and species of violets including Viola riviniana. Pairing is at the end of April and in May. During this time the imagines are found running and flying on many different plant species. Nymphs are found on the ground below the food crops. The nymphs occur primarily in June and July, the adult animals of the new generation from late July or August. There is one generation per year.

Cydnidae
Cydnidae are a family of pentatomoid bugs, known by common names including burrowing bugs or burrower bugs. As the common name would suggest, many members of the group live a subterranean lifestyle, burrowing into soil using their head and forelegs, only emerging to mate and then laying their eggs in soil. Other members of the group are not burrowers, and live above the soil layer, often in close association with plants. Several species are known as agricultural pests.
National Coordinator for Security and Counterterrorism
The National Coordinator for Security and Counterterrorism (Dutch Nationaal Coördinator Terrorismebestrijding en Veiligheid), abbreviated as NCTV, is the principal Dutch counterterrorism agency. It was established in January 2005 as the Nationaal Coördinator Terrorismebestrijding (NCTb). The unit was enlarged and renamed in October 2012.

The NCTV is under the responsibility of the Minister of Justice and Security, David van Weel, who succeeded Dilan Yeşilgöz in 2024. In charge of civil aviation and cybersecurity safety, it also analyses terrorism threats to determine the threat level (minimal, limited, substantial, or critical) in the Netherlands. The unit works closely with the General Intelligence and Security Service (AIVD) and Military Intelligence and Security Service (MIVD).

Netherlands Defence Intelligence and Security Service
The Defence Intelligence and Security Service (Dutch: Militaire Inlichtingen- en Veiligheidsdienst) is the military intelligence service of the Netherlands, which operates under the Ministry of Defence. It is tasked with investigating the security of the armed forces and collects military intelligence from and about foreign countries. The civilian counterpart is the General Intelligence and Security Service (AIVD), which operates under the Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations.
Angel (Helena Paparizou song)
"Angel" is an up-tempo ballad in English sung by Helena Paparizou. It is the first Swedish single release after the 2014 single Don't Hold Back On Love. The original song was written by Amir Aly, Henrik Wikström, Bobby Ljunggren and Sharon Vaughn. It is included on the album Ouranio Toxo. 
The song was released in Sweden digitally on iTunes & Vevo on April 24 by Lionheart.

Don't Hold Back On Love
"Don't Hold Back On Love" is a song recorded by Swedish Greek singer-songwriter Helena Paparizou. The song was released on May 1, 2014 as the final single from Paparizou's third English-language album, One Life (2014).
Iolo Ceredig Jones
Iolo Ceredig Jones (2 August 1947 – 6 September 2021)  was a Welsh former international chess player born in Llandysul. He is notable as the co-author of the only Welsh language chess manual, A chwaraei di wyddbwyll?, which he wrote with his father, T. Llew Jones.

Jones was the joint Welsh champion in 1982–83. He competed for Wales at 16 Chess Olympiads, playing in 14 consecutive Olympiads between 1972 and 1998 and won a gold medal for his performance at the 1990 Olympiad at Novi Sad, Yugoslavia. In 2011 he took a break from retirement and participated in the European Team Chess Championship for the Welsh team. In 2013 Jones received the FIDE Master that is awarded to players achieving an Elo rating of 2300 or more.

He is also the brother of the political activist and writer, Emyr Llewelyn.

Jones died in September 2021 after a short illness.

Emyr Llywelyn
Emyr Llywelyn Jones is a Welsh political activist, who was active during the 1960s and 1970s. Mudiad Adfer was established based on his philosophies, and those of Owain Owain and Professor J. R. Jones. Commonly known as Emyr Llywelyn, he is also known as Emyr Llew. He is the son of author and poet T. Llew Jones and Margaret Enidwen Jones.

Llywelyn was educated at Ysgol Gynradd Coed-y-bryn, Llandysul Grammar School  and the University of Wales, Aberystwyth.

He is one of the founders and a contributor to the Welsh monthly publication, Y Faner Newydd.

Llywelyn was imprisoned in 1963 for causing damage to the building site of the dam at Tryweryn; he was sentenced to 12 months imprisonment.

In 2000 Llywelyn, who at that time was a member of Cylch yr Iaith, was imprisoned again, this time for a week for not paying his TV licence.

He worked as a Welsh teacher for several decades, at schools in Port Talbot, Llanon and Aberaeron, and now resides in Ffostrasol, Ceredigion.
Filament cusk
The filament cusk (Homostolus acer) is a species of cusk-eel found in the western Pacific Ocean from the waters off of Japan to Australia and New Caledonia where it occurs at depths of from 300 to 1,000 metres (980 to 3,280 ft).  This species grows to a length of 18.4 centimetres (7.2 in) SL and is of minor importance to commercial fisheries.  It is the only known member of its genus.

Cusk-eel
The cusk-eel family, Ophidiidae, is a group of marine bony fishes in the Ophidiiformes order. The scientific name is from the Greek ophis meaning "snake", and refers to their eel-like appearance. True eels diverged from other ray-finned fish during the Jurassic, while cusk-eels are part of the Percomorpha clade, along with tuna, perch, seahorses, and others.

The oldest fossil cusk-eel is Ampheristus, a highly successful genus with numerous species that existed from the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) to the early Oligocene.
Thomas Haydock
Thomas Haydock (1772–1859) was an English Catholic schoolmaster and publisher born to one of the oldest Recusant families. His dedication to making religious books available to fellow Catholics suffering under the English Penal Laws came at great personal cost.

He is best remembered for publishing an edition of the Douay Bible with extended commentary, compiled chiefly by his brother George Leo Haydock. Originally published in 1811 and still in print, it is one of the most enduring contributions to Catholic biblical studies.

Penal law (British)
In English history, the penal laws were a series of laws that sought to enforce the State-decreed religious monopoly of the Church of England and, following the 1688 revolution, of Presbyterianism in Scotland, against the continued existence of illegal and underground communities of Catholics, nonjuring Anglicans, and Protestant nonconformists. The Penal laws also imposed various forfeitures, civil penalties, and civil disabilities upon recusants from mandatory attendance at weekly Sunday services of the Established Church. The penal laws in general were repealed in the early 19th-century due to the successful activism of Daniel O'Connell for Catholic Emancipation. Penal actions are civil in nature and were not English common law.
Microbial oil
Single cell oil, also known as Microbial oil consists of the intracellular storage lipids,  triacyglycerols. It  is similar to vegetable oil, another biologically produced oil. They are produced by oleaginous microorganisms, which is the term for those bacteria, molds, algae and yeast,  which can accumulate 20% to 80% lipids of their biomass. The accumulation of lipids take place by the end of logarithmic phase and continues during station phase until carbon source begins to reduce with nutrition limitation.

The most important source is some species of yeast, that are able to convert food into triglycerides and accumulate the produced lipids when fed carbohydrates. Production of microbial oil has been researched for production of biodiesel, because impure carbohydrates such as agricultural residues, e.g. waste molasses can be used as a feedstock for production of oil.

Triglyceride
A triglyceride (from tri- and glyceride; also TG, triacylglycerol, TAG, or triacylglyceride) is an ester derived from glycerol and three fatty acids.
Triglycerides are the main constituents of body fat in humans and other vertebrates as well as vegetable fat.
They are also present in the blood to enable the bidirectional transference of adipose fat and blood glucose from the liver and are a major component of human skin oils.

Many types of triglycerides exist.  One specific classification focuses on saturated and unsaturated types. Saturated fats have no C=C groups; unsaturated fats feature one or more C=C groups. Unsaturated fats tend to have a lower melting point than saturated analogues; as a result, they are often liquid at room temperature.
José Manuel Jurado
José Manuel Jurado Marín (born 29 June 1986) is a Spanish former professional footballer who played as a midfielder.

He played for both major teams in Madrid during his career, Real and Atlético, albeit with no success for the former. He amassed La Liga totals of 186 games and 22 goals over eight seasons, also representing in the competition Mallorca and Espanyol.

In 2010, Jurado signed for Schalke 04, going on to appear in 71 competitive matches in two years and win two major trophies, including the 2011 German Cup. Additionally, he had spells in Russia with Spartak and England with Watford.

2009–10 Copa del Rey
The 2009–10 Copa del Rey was the 108th staging of the Copa del Rey (including two seasons where two rival editions were played). The competition began on 22 August 2009 and concluded on 19 May 2010 with the final held at the Camp Nou in Barcelona, in which Sevilla lifted the trophy for the fifth time in their history with a 2–0 victory over Atlético Madrid. The defending cup holders were Barcelona, but they were eliminated by Sevilla in the round of 16.

This tournament had quite a number of notable upsets, including Barcelona's early exit in the round of 16, and Real Madrid's shocking 4–0 loss to Alcorcón, which was subsequently nicknamed the "Alcorconazo" and contributed to Real Madrid's early exit in the round of 32.
Edward Hoare (politician)
Edward Hoare (died 20 July 1765) was an Anglo-Irish politician.

Hoare was the son of Edward Hoare, who had himself served as Mayor and Sheriff of Cork, and Sarah Burnell. His father was a wealthy merchant who with his brother founded Hoare's Bank. He held the office of Sheriff of Cork City in 1707–08 and in 1710 served as Lord Mayor of Cork. Between 1710 and 1727 he sat in the Irish House of Commons as the Member of Parliament for Cork City.

He married, firstly, Grace Burton, daughter of Benjamin Burton and Grace Stratford, in 1703. Together they had three children. He married, secondly, Anne Grant, daughter of Thomas Grant, on 27 August 1715, and they had one son. He was the father of Sir Joseph Hoare, 1st Baronet.

Lord Mayor of Cork
The Lord Mayor of Cork (Irish: Ard-Mhéara Chathair Chorcaí) is the honorific title of the Chairperson (Irish: Cathaoirleach) of Cork City Council which is the local government body for the city of Cork in Ireland. The office holder is elected annually by the members of the Council. As of mid-2025, the incumbent is Fergal Dennehy.
Stephen Glass (footballer)
Stephen Glass (born 23 May 1976) is a Scottish former professional footballer who was most recently the manager of Memphis 901 in the USL Championship.

A midfielder, Glass started his career at Aberdeen, with whom he won the 1995 Scottish League Cup. In 1998, he moved to England, transferring to Newcastle United of the Premier League. Shortly after joining Newcastle, Glass made an appearance for the Scotland national football team. He joined Watford in the First Division in 2001, before returning to Scotland in 2003 with Hibernian. He joined Dunfermline Athletic in 2007 and was released at the end of the 2009–10 season. Glass finished his playing career with American club Carolina RailHawks.

Glass worked as an assistant manager for Shamrock Rovers. He then had four years in the Atlanta United organisation, including a spell as interim head coach of their MLS team. Glass was appointed Aberdeen manager in March 2021, but was sacked after less than a year in that position.

1995 Scottish League Cup final
The 1995 Scottish League Cup final was played on 26 November 1995, at Hampden Park in Glasgow and was the final of the 50th Scottish League Cup competition. The final was contested by Aberdeen and Dundee. Aberdeen won the match 2–0 thanks to goals by Billy Dodds and Duncan Shearer.

Due to redevelopment work at Hampden Park carried out in two stages during the decade, this was the only final to be played at the traditional venue between 1992 (the last with the old terracing on three sides) and 2000 (the first with the new south stand), both of which also featured Aberdeen.
XM148 grenade launcher
The XM148 was an experimental 40 mm grenade launcher developed by Colt Firearms as the CGL-4 (Colt Grenade Launcher).  Colt manufactured the launcher for field testing during the Vietnam War era. After problems with the experimental design were discovered, the XM148 was replaced by AAI Corporation's conceptually similar M203 design, which became the primary grenade launcher used by the US armed forces and others until its ongoing replacement with the M320.

United States Air Force Security Forces
The United States Air Force Security Forces (SF) are the ground combat force and military police service of the U.S. Air Force and U.S. Space Force. The USAF Security Forces were formerly known as Military Police (MP), Air Police (AP), and Security Police (SP) at various points in their history.