hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gmina Śrem
Gmina Śrem is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Śrem County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. Its seat is the town of Śrem, which lies approximately 36 kilometres (22 mi) south of the regional capital Poznań.

The gmina covers an area of 205.83 square kilometres (79.5 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 39,841 (out of which the population of Śrem amounts to 30,227, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 9,614).

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Chłapowski Landscape Park.

Śrem County
Śrem County (Polish: powiat śremski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Greater Poland Voivodeship, west-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Śrem, which lies 36 kilometres (22 mi) south of the regional capital Poznań. The county also contains the towns of Książ Wielkopolski, lying 15 km (9 mi) east of Śrem, and Dolsk, 12 km (7 mi) south of Śrem.

The county covers an area of 574.41 square kilometres (221.8 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 58,646, out of which the population of Śrem is 30,227, that of Książ Wielkopolski is 2,724, that of Dolsk is 1,479, and the rural population is 24,216.
2016 Quetta Gladiators season
The Quetta Gladiators is a franchise cricket team that represents Quetta in the Pakistan Super League. They are one of the five teams that had a competition in the 2016 Pakistan Super League. The team was captained by Sarfraz Ahmed, and they stand on second position after winning four matches from their eight matches in the PSL 2016. They finished runners-up after losing the final against Islamabad United. Ahmed Shehzad with 290 runs from 10 matches was the team's leading run scorer while Mohammad Nawaz with 13 wickets from 10 matches was the leading wicket taker for the team. They won runners-up prize money of US$200,000.

Pakistan Super League
The Pakistan Super League (PSL), also known as HBL PSL for sponsorship reasons, is a professional Twenty20 cricket league in Pakistan, organised by the Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB).

Founded by the PCB in 2015, the league currently features (since 2018 PSL) six city-based franchise teams. Instead of operating as an association of independently owned teams, the league is a single entity in which each franchise is owned and controlled by the investors.

Each team plays the group-stage matches in a double round-robin format and the top four teams with the most points qualify for the playoffs, culminating in the final.

As of 2025, there have been ten seasons of the league. Islamabad United and Lahore Qalandars are the most successful teams, both winning three titles each.
Görlitz station
Görlitz station is the central station of the city of Görlitz in the German state of Saxony. Of the original twelve station tracks only six are still in operation. Görlitz is also served by stations in Rauschwalde, Weinhübel and Hagenwerder.

Görlitz–Dresden railway
The Görlitz–Dresden railway is a two-track main line railway in the German state of Saxony, originally built and operated by the Saxon-Silesian Railway Company. It runs through Upper Lusatia from Dresden via Bischofswerda, Bautzen and Löbau to Görlitz. The line is part of the route from Dresden to Wrocław and Pan-European Transport Corridor III. The first section of the line opened in 1845 and it is one of the oldest lines in Germany.
Kupwara Assembly constituency
Kupwara Assembly constituency is one of the 90 constituencies in the Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir a north state of India. Kupwara is also part of Baramulla Lok Sabha constituency.

Kupwara district
Kupwara district is an administrative district of Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir in the disputed Kashmir region. It is one of the 10 districts located in the Kashmir Valley Division of Indian administered Kashmir. The Pohru River (originating in Lolab Valley and flowing from east to west) and Mawar river are two main rivers in the district. Both of them meet Jhelum river in Baramulla district.
2020 New Zealand Sevens
The 2020 New Zealand Sevens was the third tournament within the 2019–20 World Rugby Sevens Series and the twenty first edition of the New Zealand Sevens. This event was the first in the series to only have one team from each pool qualify to the cup knockout phase. Host team New Zealand won the tournament, defeating France by 21–5 in the final.

New Zealand Sevens (tournament)
The New Zealand Sevens was an annual rugby sevens tournament held at Waikato Stadium in Hamilton, New Zealand. For the first eighteen years of its history the event was held in Wellington. The event was the third on the World Rugby Sevens Series circuit and is generally held in late January or early February.
Medical school in Canada
In Canada, a medical school is a faculty or school of a university that trains future medical doctors and usually offers a three- to five-year Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) or Doctor of Medicine and Master of Surgery (M.D., C.M.) degree. There are currently 18 medical schools in Canada with an annual admission success rate normally below 7.5%. As of 2021, approximately 11,500 students were enrolled in Canadian medical schools graduating 2,900 students per year.

Faculties of medicine at the University of Calgary, the Dalhousie University, the University of Manitoba, the McMaster University, the University of Toronto, and the University of Saskatchewan in addition to training would-be physicians, offer a post-entry professional two-year bachelor or master degree to train physician assistants.

Cardiac surgery
Cardiac surgery, or cardiovascular surgery, is a  surgery on the heart or great vessels performed by cardiac surgeons. It is often used to treat complications of ischemic heart disease (for example, with coronary artery bypass grafting); to correct congenital heart disease; or to treat valvular heart disease from various causes, including endocarditis, rheumatic heart disease, and atherosclerosis. It also includes heart transplantation.
Codex Tischendorfianus I
Codex Tischendorfianus I, designated as Uncial 0106 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 40 (Soden), is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament on parchment. It is dated palaeographically to the 7th century. The manuscript is fragmentary.

Constantin von Tischendorf
Lobegott Friedrich Constantin (von) Tischendorf (18 January 1815 – 7 December 1874) was a German biblical scholar. In 1844, he discovered the world's oldest and most complete Bible dated to around the mid-4th century and called Codex Sinaiticus after Saint Catherine's Monastery at Mount Sinai.

Tischendorf was made an honorary doctor by the University of Oxford on 16 March 1865, and by the University of Cambridge on 9 March 1865 following his discovery. While a student gaining his academic degree in the 1840s, he earned international recognition when he deciphered the Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus, a 5th-century Greek manuscript of the New Testament.
Student financial aid in Germany
The Government of Germany provides financial aid to students in the form of loans and grants  regardless of their social and economic situation. This aid is provided under the Bundesausbildungsförderungsgesetz (Federal Training Assistance Act) or "BAföG" (German pronunciation: [ˈbaːfœk] ⓘ).

Groups eligible for BAföG assistance include high school students, full-time university students, second path education students (i.e., those starting to study after having been in the workforce), and students of schools for professional training. In recent years, BAföG has ensured that students especially from low-income families enrolled themselves for higher education.

Student loan
A student loan is a type of loan designed to help students pay for tertiary education and the associated fees, such as tuition, books and supplies, and living expenses. It may differ from other types of loans in the fact that the interest rate may be substantially lower and the repayment schedule may be deferred while the student is still in school. It also differs in many countries in the strict laws regulating renegotiating and bankruptcy. This article highlights the differences of the student loan system in several major countries. The financial risk of student loan defaults can be carried by the tertiary education institution.

A student loan is one of many forms of student financial aid.
Deuterotherium
Deuterotherium is an extinct genus of South American native ungulates, which lived during the Deseadan age of the Oligocene in what is now Argentina. Its type species is Deuterotherium distichum. It was named by Florentino Ameghino in 1895. The holotype of Deuterotherium distichum is a calcaneum. It was formerly identified as a proterotheriid litoptern. In 1999, Shockey argued Deuterotherium was certainly not a litoptern and interpreted it as a notohippid notoungulate. In research by Soria posthumously published in 2001, Soria considered Deuterotherium a nomen dubium.

Proterotheriidae
Proterotheriidae is an extinct family of litoptern ungulates known from the Eocene-Late Pleistocene of South America. Members of the group were small to medium-sized cursorial herbivores with brachydont teeth, with their toes showing progressive reduction, with later members of the group bearing weight on a single large toe similar to living horses.
Muhammad Shoaib
Muhammad Shoaib (Urdu: محمد شعیب; 1907–13 May 1976) was a Pakistani politician who served as the finance minister of Pakistan from 15 November 1958 to 8 June 1962 and again from 15 December 1962 to 23 March 1965.

Minister of Finance (Pakistan)
The Minister of Finance of Pakistan (Urdu: 'Wazīr-ē-Khazana') is a leading cabinet member who heads the Ministry of Finance in the Government of Pakistan. The Minister is responsible each year for presenting the federal government's budget to the Parliament of Pakistan. Muhammad Aurangzeb is currently serving as the Finance Minister since March 11, 2024.
Palapa (structure)
A palapa (a Spanish word of Tagalog origin, originally meaning "petiole of the palm leaf") is an open-sided dwelling with a thatched roof made of dried palm leaves. It is very useful in hot weather and, therefore, very common on Mexican beaches and deserts.

The palapa is derived from the traditional construction methods of the bahay kubo ("nipa hut") architectural style of the Philippines, carried to Nueva España (along with coconuts, which are not native to the Americas) via the Manila galleons during the Spanish colonial period.

Palapas are also common in Honduras and other Central American countries. In Nicaragua they are very common and known locally as ranchos.

Bahay kubo
The báhay kúbo, kubo, or  payág (in the Visayan languages), is a type of stilt house indigenous to the Philippines. It is the traditional basic design of houses among almost all the lowlanders of the entire Philippines. Often serving as an icon of Philippine culture, its design heavily influenced the Spanish colonial-era bahay na bato's architecture.

The English term nipa hut is also usually used interchangeably with báhay kúbo, although not all báhay kúbo use nipa materials or are huts. Both "nipa hut" and báhay kúbo are also used incorrectly to refer to similar but different vernacular architecture in the Philippines.
2019 European Games medal table
The 2019 European Games was a multi-sport event held in Minsk, Belarus from 21 to 30 June 2019.

Athletes from 43 NOCs won medals, leaving 7 NOCs without a medal, and 34 of them won at least one gold medal. Russia led the medal table of the 2nd European Games. They led all the medal categories, winning the most gold medals (44, nearly 25 % of total gold medals), the most silver medals (24), the most bronze medals (41) and the most medals overall (109). Bosnia and Herzegovina and Luxembourg won their first medals on European Games.

2019 European Games
The 2nd European Games 2019 (Belarusian: II Еўрапейскія гульні, Jeŭrapiejskija huĺni 2019; Russian: II Европейские игры, Yevropeyskiye igry 2019), also known as the 2019 European Games or Minsk 2019 (Belarusian: Мінск 2019; Russian: Минск 2019), were held in Minsk, Belarus, from 21 June to 30 June 2019. The games featured 200 events in 15 sports (23 disciplines). Around 4,000 athletes from 50 countries participated. Ten of the sports offered qualification opportunities for the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan. The opening ceremony at the Dinamo Stadium was held on 21 June, and the closing ceremony at the same venue was held on 30 June.

The logo of the games was "paparać-kvietka"—a plant that plays an important role in the culture of the Slavs. The slogan of the event is "Bright Year, Bright You", which also makes reference to the national domain of the Republic of Belarus and the official international shortening—BY.
2024 Six Nations Under 20s Championship
The 2024 Six Nations Under 20s Championship was the 17th Six Nations Under 20s Championship, the annual northern hemisphere rugby union championship for players under 20 years of age. Ireland were the reigning champions, having won the title in both 2022 and 2023. They managed four wins and a draw to match England's record for the championship, but England secured more bonus points to claim their 10th title, their first since 2021.

Six Nations Under 20s Championship
The Six Nations Under 20s Championship is an international rugby union tournament. It is the under-20s equivalent of the Six Nations Championship. Originally the tournament was in an under-21 format but changed to under-20s in 2008. England were the inaugural winners and they have gone on to be the tournament's most successful team, winning ten titles. Their last title came in 2024. The tournament is played annually during February and March on the same weekends as the senior men's Six Nations.
Dijon-Porte-Neuve station
Dijon-Porte-Neuve station (called Gare de Dijon-Porte-Neuve in France) is a French train station located at Junot Avenue in Dijon.  It is in the Côte-d'Or department, within France's Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region. Gare de Dijon-Porte-Neuve is the secondary station for the city of Dijon, with the primary station being Gare de Dijon-Ville. TER (Transport express régional) trains take six minutes to go from one station to the other, crossing the city. Gare de Dijon-Porte-Neuve is an SNCF (Société Nationale des Chemins de fer Français) train station, served by TER Bourgogne-Franche-Comté trains.

Dijon-Ville station
Dijon-Ville station (French: Gare de Dijon-Ville), sometimes simply Dijon, is a railway station located in Dijon, Côte-d'Or, eastern France. The station was opened in 1849. It is located at the junction of Paris–Marseille, Dijon–Saint-Amour, Dijon–Is-sur-Tille, and Dijon-Vallorbe lines. The train services are operated by SNCF and Lyria.
Neptune (Italian band)
Neptune is an Italian melodic death metal band from Verona, formed in 1999. Their influences are based upon melodic death metal acts such as Hatesphere, In Flames, Soilwork, Dark Tranquillity, Disarmonia Mundi, At the Gates and The Haunted. They have released four albums and a demo.

Disarmonia Mundi
Disarmonia Mundi is an Italian melodic death metal band from Avigliana. The project is the brainchild of producer and multi-instrumentalist Ettore Rigotti and is mainly known for featuring Soilwork's vocalist Björn "Speed" Strid as guest vocalist on several albums. After releasing two albums under Scarlet Records, they published all further work under their own record label, Coroner Records.
2018 Tro-Bro Léon
The 2018 Tro-Bro Léon was a one-day road cycling race that took place on 15 April 2018. It was the 35th edition of the Tro-Bro Léon and was rated as a 1.1 event as part of the 2018 UCI Europe Tour. It was also the eighth event of the 2018 French Road Cycling Cup.

The race was won by Christophe Laporte (Cofidis).

2018 French Road Cycling Cup
The 2018 French Road Cycling Cup was the 27th edition of the French Road Cycling Cup. Compared to the previous season, the same 15 events were held, although the order had changed as the Grand Prix de Denain moved from mid April to mid March and thus became already the second event on the calendar.

The defending champion from the previous season was Laurent Pichon, he was succeeded by Hugo Hofstetter who did not manage to win one of the events but scored enough points to take the title.
Comegys House
The Comegys House, also known as the B. B. Comegys Estate, was a mansion, built in the 1860s, in the West Philadelphia neighborhood of Philadelphia. As the property of educator B. B. Comegys and his descendants, the property was demolished sometime after 1965.

West Philadelphia
West Philadelphia, nicknamed West Philly, is a section of the city of Philadelphia. It has no officially defined boundaries, but is generally considered to be west of the Schuylkill River between City Avenue in the northwest, Cobbs Creek in the southwest, and the SEPTA Media/Wawa Line in the south. An alternate definition includes all city land west of the Schuylkill, thus including Southwest Philadelphia and its neighborhoods.  The eastern side of West Philadelphia is also known as University City.
1988 Volvo U.S. National Indoor
The 1988 Volvo U.S. National Indoor was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts at the Racquet Club of Memphis in Memphis, Tennessee in the United States that was part of the 1988 Nabisco Grand Prix. It was the 18th edition of the tournament was held from February 15 through February 21, 1988. First-seeded Andre Agassi won the singles title.

1988 Grand Prix (tennis)
The 1988 Nabisco Grand Prix was the only men's tennis circuit held that year. It incorporated the four Grand Slam tournaments, three World Championship Tennis tournaments and the Grand Prix tournaments.
Ibrahim ibn Asim al-Uqayli
Ibrahim ibn Asim al-Uqayli (Arabic: إبراهيم بن عاصم العقيلي; died 743/44) was a military commander of the Umayyad Caliphate and governor of Sistan.

Ibrahim ibn Asim al-Uqayli hailed from the Jazira, and belonged to the Banu Uqayl tribe of the Qays. He served as a commander in Khurasan against the Turgesh under both Asim ibn Abdallah al-Hilali and later under Asad ibn Abdallah al-Qasri. Under Asad he commanded the eponymous baggage train in the Battle of the Baggage in September 737, a heavy defeat for the Muslims.

He was appointed governor of Sistan by the governor of Iraq, Yusuf ibn Umar al-Thaqafi. On his arrival in his province in July 738, on Yusuf's urging, he either killed his predecessor, Ibn Abi Burda, and seized his property, or imprisoned him and sent him to Iraq where Yusuf killed him under torture. Ibrahim died in office in 743/4.

Yusuf ibn Umar al-Thaqafi
Yusuf ibn Umar al-Thaqafi (Arabic: يوسف بن عمر الثقفي) was a senior provincial governor for the Umayyad Caliphate. His policies during his tenure as governor of Iraq in 738–744 deepened the Qays–Yaman rivalry and were one of the main factors in the outbreak of the civil war of the Third Fitna, during which he was executed.
2016 Ulster Senior Club Football Championship
The 2016 Ulster Senior Club Football Championship was the 49th instalment of the annual Ulster Senior Club Football Championship organised by Ulster GAA. It was one of the four provincial competitions of the 2016–17 All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship.

Armagh's Crossmaglen Rangers were the 2015 champions, but defeat in the Armagh semi-final meant they couldn't defend their title.

Derry champions Slaughtneil claimed their second Ulster title by beating Down champions Kilcoo in the final.

2016–17 All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship
The 2016–17 All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship was the 47th annual Gaelic football club championship since its establishment in the 1970–71 season. The winning team received the Andy Merrigan Cup.

The defending champion was Ballyboden St Enda's who defeated Castlebar Mitchels on 17 March 2016 to win a first title; however, Kilmacud Crokes defeated Ballyboden in the second round of the 2016 Dublin SFC.

Dr Crokes won a second title, defeating Slaughtneil by 1–9 to 1–7 in the final at Croke Park on 17 March 2017 (St Patrick's Day). The winning captain was Johnny Buckley.
N-skeleton
In mathematics, particularly in algebraic topology, the n-skeleton of a topological space X presented as a simplicial complex (resp. CW complex) refers to the subspace Xn that is the union of the simplices of X (resp. cells of X) of dimensions m ≤ n. In other words, given an inductive definition of a complex, the n-skeleton is obtained by stopping at the n-th step.

These subspaces increase with n. The 0-skeleton is a discrete space, and the 1-skeleton a topological graph. The skeletons of a space are used in obstruction theory, to construct spectral sequences by means of filtrations, and generally to make inductive arguments. They are particularly important when X has infinite dimension, in the sense that the Xn do not become constant as n → ∞.

CW complex
In mathematics, and specifically in topology, a CW complex (also cellular complex or cell complex) is a topological space that is built by gluing together topological balls (so-called cells) of different dimensions in specific ways. The notion generalizes both manifolds and simplicial complexes and has particular significance for algebraic topology. It was initially introduced by J. H. C. Whitehead to meet the needs of homotopy theory.
CW complexes have better categorical properties than simplicial complexes, but still retain a combinatorial nature that allows for computation (often with a much smaller complex).

The C in CW stands for "closure-finite", and the W for "weak" topology.
1191 papal election
The 1191 papal election took place after the death of Pope Clement III. Pope Clement, according to differing and irreconcilable reports, died in March 1191, in the last third of the month, on the 20th, the 25th, the 26th, the 28th, or perhaps 2 April or 4 April, or 10 April. The election was conducted during the march of King Henry VI and his army toward Rome. The 85-year-old Cardinal Giacinto Bobone, a member of the Orsini family, was chosen after some extreme reluctance. He took the name Celestine III. Pressed by the Romans, however, he agreed to negotiate with King Henry about his coronation as emperor and about the possession of the city of Tusculum. Celestine postponed his own consecration in order to buy time to negotiate. He was finally crowned on Easter Sunday, 14 April 1191.

San Nicola in Carcere
San Nicola in Carcere (Italian, "Saint Nicholas in prison") is an ancient titular church and minor basilica in Rome near the Forum Boarium in rione Ripa. It is constructed in the remains of the three temples of the Forum Holitorium and is one of the traditional stational churches of Lent. The parish was suppressed in 1931 and it is now served by the Clerics Regular of the Mother of God from the nearby Santa Maria in Campitelli.
Debut Prize
The Debut Prize (Russian: Дебют) — is an independent literary prize for young authors who write in Russian. It was established by Andrei Skoch with the support of the Generation International Foundation in 2000.

It was last held in 2015 and got cancelled in 2016.

Aleksey Slapovsky
Aleksey Ivanovich Slapovsky (Russian: Алексе́й Ива́нович Слаповский; 29 July 1957 – 8 January 2023) was a Russian novelist. He was born in Saratov region, and attended the University of Saratov where he studied philology. He worked variously as a school teacher, a truck driver, and a journalist for TV and radio. Between 1990 and 1995, he worked at the magazine Volga.

Slapovsky started his literary career as a playwright in the 1980s, before switching to the novel. Noted works include Sincere Artist, Unwritten Novel (1990) and It's Not Me. He has been nominated several times for the Russian Booker Prize.

Slapovsky died from pneumonia on 8 January 2023 at the age of 65.