hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lemuel K. Washburn
Lemuel Kelley Washburn (1846–1927) was an American Freethought writer.

He was the compiler of Cosmian Hymn Book: A Collection of Original and Selected Hymns (1888), promoted as "perfectly free from all sectarianism."

He published various atheist articles and was an editor for the Boston Investigator.

The Truth Seeker
The Truth Seeker is an American periodical published since 1873. It was considered the most influential Freethought publication during the period following the Civil War into the first decades of the 20th century, known as the Golden Age of Freethought. Though there were other influential Freethought periodicals, Truth Seeker was the only one with a national circulation. The headquarters is in San Diego, California. The Truth Seeker is the world's oldest freethought publication, and one of the oldest periodicals in America. Among general-readership titles, only Harper's Magazine, The Atlantic, Scientific American, and The Nation are older.
Cyril Osborne
Sir Cyril Osborne (19 June 1898 – 31 August 1969) was a Justice of the Peace for Leicestershire and a British Conservative politician who served as Member of Parliament (MP) for the Louth constituency in Lincolnshire from 1945 to his death.

Louth, Lincolnshire (UK Parliament constituency)
Louth was a county constituency in Lincolnshire which returned one Member of Parliament (MP)  to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1885 until it was abolished for the 1983 general election.

It should not be confused with the former Irish constituency of County Louth (UK Parliament constituency). Between 1885 and 1918, its formal name was The East Lindsey (or Louth) Division of Lincolnshire, and it was sometimes referred to simply as East Lindsey.
Chlaenius
Chlaenius is a large and diverse genus of ground beetle. It is native to the Palearctic realm (including Europe, the Near East, and North Africa), Afrotropical realm, and Nearctic realm. Worldwide, roughly 1,000 species are currently recognized  with most known species occurring in the Oriental and Afrotropical regions. The genus is divided into many subgenera.

Nearctic realm
The Nearctic realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface.

The Nearctic realm covers most of North America, including Greenland, Central Florida, and the highlands of Mexico. The parts of North America that are not in the Nearctic realm include most of coastal Mexico, southern Mexico, southern Florida, coastal central Florida, Central America, Bermuda and the Caribbean islands. Together with South America, these regions are part of the Neotropical realm.
Cowdin
Cowdin is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Elliot Cowdin (1819–1880), American businessman and politician

Elliott Christopher Cowdin II (1886–1933), American WWI veteran

John Cheever Cowdin (1889–1960), American financier and polo player

John Elliot Cowdin (1858–1941), American polo player

Robert Cowdin (1805–1874), American businessman, Civil War veteran, and politician

John Cheever Cowdin
John Cheever Cowdin (March 17, 1889 – September 16, 1960) was an American financier and polo champion who was a head of Universal Pictures, Standard Capital Corporation of New York City, and was chairman of Ideal Chemicals.
Grafton High School (Virginia)
Grafton High School is a public high school located in Grafton, an unincorporated section of York County, Virginia. It is part of the York County School Division. The school opened on September 3, 1996 and shares a facility with Grafton Middle School, the only shared facility of this type in the Hampton Roads area, and the largest building in York County at the time of its construction.  Athletic teams compete in the Virginia High School League's AA Bay Rivers, District, and in Region I.  Grafton High School was awarded a silver medal by U.S. News & World Report in the 2008 America’s Best High Schools search.

Virginia High School League
The Virginia High School League (VHSL) is the principal sanctioning organization for interscholastic athletic competition among public high schools in the U.S. state of Virginia. The VHSL first sponsored debate and also continues to sponsor state championships in several academic activities.

Private and religious schools and teams of homeschooled students belong to other sanctioning organizations, the largest of which is the Virginia Independent Schools Athletic Association.  Proposals in the Virginia General Assembly to mandate that the VHSL allow homeschooled students to compete for the public high school they would otherwise attend have failed to pass.
Kharvi
The Kharvi are a community found in the Indian states of Goa, Maharashtra and Karnataka.

They have various sub-groups, among which are the Taris, Tarukars, and Ramponkars.  Taris are the primary fishermen, Tarukars are the Taru owning landlords, etc. Though they are largely involved in fisheries.

Found chiefly in the coastal talukas of Mormugao, Salcete and Tiswadi, the Catholic Kharvis generally speak the Konkani language but some use Portuguese. They write Konkani using Roman script. Arranged marriages are common but not prevalent, and monogamy is practised. The traditional joint family arrangements are increasingly giving way to the nuclear family. Their principal diet is rice and fish curry but meat and vegetables are also important constituents.
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Extended family
An extended family is a family that extends beyond the nuclear family of parents and their children to include aunts, uncles, grandparents, cousins or other relatives, all living nearby or in the same household. Particular forms include the stem and joint families.
KALU
KALU (89.3 FM) is an American non-commercial educational radio station broadcasting an urban contemporary/College Radio format with some talk radio programming, licensed to Langston, Oklahoma. Established in 1975, the station is owned by Langston University. KALU is operated by the University's Department of Broadcast Journalism and School of Arts and Sciences.

Non-commercial educational station
A non-commercial educational station (NCE station) is a radio station or television station that does not accept on-air advertisements (TV ads or radio ads), as defined in the United States by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and was originally intended to offer educational programming as part, or whole, of its programming. NCE stations do not pay broadcast license fees for their non-profit uses of the radio spectrum. Stations which are almost always operated as NCE include public broadcasting, community radio, and college radio, as well as many religious broadcasting stations.
Nearly all non-commercial radio stations derive their support from listener support, grants and endowments, such as the Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB) that distributes supporting funds provided by Congress to support public radio.
Rowoon
Kim Seok-woo (Korean: 김석우; born August 7, 1996), better known by his stage name Rowoon, is a South Korean actor and singer. He is a former member of the South Korean boy band SF9. He is best known for his acting roles in television series Extraordinary You (2019) and The King's Affection (2021), where he won several awards for his performance in the series.

JTBC
JTBC (shortened from Joongang Tongyang Broadcasting Company; Korean: 제이티비씨; stylized in all lowercase) is a South Korean nationwide pay television network. Its primary shareholder is JoongAng Holdings, with a 25% stake. It was launched on December 1, 2011. JTBC is a generalist channel, with programming consisting of television series, variety shows, and news broadcasting; its news division is held in similar regard to the three main terrestrial networks in South Korea.

In 2011, JTBC was one of four new South Korean nationwide generalist cable TV networks alongside The Dong-A Ilbo's Channel A, The Chosun Ilbo's TV Chosun and Maeil Business Newspaper's MBN. They serve as supplementary networks to the existing conventional free-to-air TV networks like KBS, MBC, SBS and other smaller channels launched following deregulation in 1990.
Jimmy Smiddy
James Smiddy (born 1974) is an Irish former hurler. At club level he played with Castlemartyr and divisional side Imokilly and at inter-county level was a member of the Cork senior hurling team. Smiddy usually lined out as a forward.

1998 Cork Senior Hurling Championship
The 1998 Cork Senior Hurling Championship was the 110th staging of the Cork Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887. The draw for the opening fixtures took place on 14 December 1997. The championship ended on 1 November 1998.

Imokilly entered the championship as the defending champions.

On 1 November 1998, Imokilly won the championship following a 1–10 to 1–05 defeat of Blackrock in the final. This was their second championship title overall and their second in succession. I
Brian Cunningham of St. Finbarr's was the championship's top scorer with 3-23.
Ihor Rantsya
Ihor Rantsya (Ukrainian: Ігор Ранця; born 8 March 1978) is a Ukrainian Greek Catholic hierarch, currently serving as the Eparchial Bishop of Ukrainian Catholic Eparchy of Saint Volodymyr the Great of Paris, overseeing faithful in France, Belgium, Switzerland, the Netherlands and Luxembourg. He was appointed by Pope Leo XIV on 1 October 2025 and consecrated on 18 December 2025.

Borys Gudziak
Borys Andrij Gudziak (born 24 November 1960) is an American prelate of the Catholic Church serving, since 2019, as the Metropolitan-Archbishop of the Ukrainian Catholic Archeparchy of Philadelphia. He founded the Institute of Church History and served as the rector and president of the Ukrainian Catholic University. Gudziak has authored and edited several books on church history, theology, modern church life, and higher education reforms.
Bury Me in My Boots
Bury Me in My Boots is the second studio album by American country rock band The Cadillac Three. It was released on August 5, 2016, via Big Machine Records. The album includes the singles "The South", "Party Like You", and "White Lightning".

The Cadillac Three
The Cadillac Three, originally known as The Cadillac Black, is an American rock band consisting of Jaren Johnston (lead vocals, guitar), Kelby Ray (lap steel guitar, bass guitar, vocals), and Neil Mason (drums, vocals). All three members were originally in the band American Bang. The group has released three albums through Big Machine Records, and has charted three singles on the Hot Country Songs and Country Airplay charts. In addition to their own work, Johnston has written singles for Keith Urban, Tim McGraw, Steven Tyler, Dallas Smith, and Jake Owen.
Osterling
Osterling is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anders Österling (1884–1981), Swedish poet and writer

Felipe Osterling (1932–2014), Peruvian lawyer, writer, and politician

Frederick J. Osterling (1865–1934), American architect

Felipe Osterling
Felipe Enrique Osterling Parodi (14 May 1932 – 30 August 2014) was a Peruvian lawyer, writer and politician. He was a member and leader of the Christian People's Party, and served in senior positions in the Peruvian government.
Lagrange multipliers on Banach spaces
In the field of calculus of variations in mathematics, the method of Lagrange multipliers on Banach spaces can be used to solve certain infinite-dimensional constrained optimization problems. The method is a generalization of the classical method of Lagrange multipliers as used to find extrema of a function of finitely many variables.

Maximum and minimum
In mathematical analysis, the maximum and minimum of a function are, respectively, the greatest and least value taken by the function. Known generically as extrema, they may be defined either within a given range (the local or relative extrema) or on the entire domain (the global or absolute extrema) of a function. Pierre de Fermat was one of the first mathematicians to propose a general technique, adequality, for finding the maxima and minima of functions.

As defined in set theory, the maximum and minimum of a set are the greatest and least elements in the set, respectively. Unbounded infinite sets, such as the set of real numbers, have no minimum or maximum.

In statistics, the corresponding concept is the sample maximum and minimum.
Pimethixene
Pimethixene is an antihistamine and anticholinergic of the thioxanthene chemical class originally developed to treat hyperactivity, anxiety, sleep disorders, and allergy. It is also used for anesthesia and as a bronchodilator (to dilate the bronchi and bronchioles for more airflow).

In combination with pholcodine, it was sold in France by Laboratoires Salvoxyl in the 1970s as the antitussive Salvodex. Pimethixene alone is still available in Brazil under the trade name Muricalm.

In addition to its other activities, it is a highly potent but non-selective serotonin 5-HT2B receptor antagonist. The selective serotonin 5-HT2B receptor antagonist BF-1 was derived from pimethixene.

Bronchus
A bronchus (/ˈbrɒŋkəs/ BRONG-kəs; pl.: bronchi, /ˈbrɒŋkaɪ/ BRONG-ky) is a passage or airway in the lower respiratory tract that conducts air into the lungs. The first or primary bronchi to branch from the trachea at the carina are the right main bronchus and the left main bronchus. These are the widest bronchi, and enter the right lung, and the left lung at each hilum. The main bronchi branch into narrower secondary bronchi or lobar bronchi, and these branch into narrower tertiary bronchi or segmental bronchi. Further divisions of the segmental bronchi are known as 4th order, 5th order, and 6th order segmental bronchi, or grouped together as subsegmental bronchi.
The bronchi, when too narrow to be supported by cartilage, are known as bronchioles. No gas exchange takes place in the bronchi.
Christian music
Christian music is a genre of music that has been written to express either personal or a communal belief regarding Christian life and faith. Common themes of Christian music include praise, worship, penitence, and lament, and its forms vary widely around the world. Church music, hymnals, gospel, and worship music are a part of Christian media and also include contemporary Christian music which itself supports numerous Christian styles of music, including hip hop, rock, contemporary worship, and urban contemporary gospel.

Like other forms of music the creation, performance, significance, and even the definition of Christian music varies according to culture and social context. Christian music can serve various functions, such as ceremonial, educational, aesthetical, or for entertainment purposes.

Christian media
Christian media refers to media that is Christian, or refers to various aspects of mass media which primarily target the Christian demographic. As a genre its conventions originated in  sermons, literature, and gospel music, and it has been adapted into film, radio, video games, and contemporary music.
Bernard Berthod
Bernard Berthod (born September 13, 1952, in Lyon, France) physician, historian, writer and presenter of exhibitions from Lyon, France.

His father ran a number of business in the silk trade on the la Croix Rousse mount. He studied medical studies and odontostomatology and undertook a thesis on Jean-Jacques de Gorla, Lyon surgeon and father-Molière. He then began studying history where he undertook a thesis at the University of Lyon III on the Lyon silversmith Armand Calliat for which he received a degree of Doctor of Letters.

La Croix-Rousse
La Croix-Rousse (French: [la kʁwa ʁus] ⓘ) is a hill 254 metres (833 ft) high in the city of Lyon, France, as well as the name of a neighborhood located on this hill. The neighborhood is divided into les pentes (slopes, belonging to the city's 1st arrondissement) and le plateau (atop the hill, part of the 4th arrondissement). This zone is served by Lyon Metro Line C. With 18th century architecture, including unique dwellings for labourers, La Croix-Rousse was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1998 (along with other districts in Lyon) to protect Lyon's long history as an important European city.
Jeff Richards (American football coach)
Jeff Richards is an American former football coach who was best known for his tenure as interim head football coach at Jacksonville State University after Mike Williams resigned after their fourth game during the 1999 season. Prior to serving as interim head coach for the Gamecocks, Richards served as an assistant coach for Southern Miss, Arkansas State, and Southeast Missouri State.

After his tenure with Jacksonville State, Richards served as an assistant coach at UT Martin and Nicholls State. After his coaching career, Richards started his own contractor business in Thibodaux, Louisiana.

Jacksonville State University
Jacksonville State University (JSU or Jax State) is a public university in Jacksonville, Alabama, United States. Founded in 1883, Jacksonville State offers programs of study in six academic schools leading to bachelor's, master's, education specialist, and doctorate degrees in addition to certificate programs and continuing education opportunities.

The university was founded as Jacksonville State Normal School, and in 1930, the name changed to Jacksonville State Teachers College, and again in 1957, to Jacksonville State College. The university began operating under its current name in 1966.

JSU currently has an enrollment of more than 9,000 students, with nearly 500 faculty members (more than 300 of whom are full-time). It is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS).
Fire Station No. 9 (Kansas City, Kansas)
Fire Station No. 9 was located at 2 South 14th Street in Kansas City, Kansas. Designed by William E. Harris, it was declared a Kansas City, Kansas Historic Landmark on June 16, 1983. The fire station was placed on the Register of Historic Kansas Places on July 3, 1979, and the National Register of Historic Places on September 5, 1985.  It has also been known as the  Prescott Neighborhood Center.  The building is currently owned and occupied by Community Housing of Wyandotte County. The new Fire Station No. 9 is located at 1100 Central Ave. in Kansas City, Kansas.

Kansas Historical Society
The Kansas Historical Society is the official state historical society of Kansas.

Headquartered in Topeka, it operates as "the trustee of the state" for the purpose of maintaining the state's history and operates the Kansas Museum of History, Kansas State Archives and Library, Kansas State Capitol Tour Center, and 16 state-owned sites. It also serves as the State Historic Preservation Office, and works closely with the Kansas State Department of Education to provide standards-based programs for history and social studies curriculum in the schools.
Moïse Milliaud
Moïse Milliaud (Hebrew: משה דמיליאב; born c. 1760 in Carpentras) was a French rabbi and poet.

Milliaud was the author of Mishpat Emet, a philosophical essay on Job; Mateh Moshe, a rimed paraphrase of Ruth, with philosophical reflections; and Iggeret ha-Neḥamah, a rimed work purposing to console the reader in his sadness. All three works were published at Leghorn in 1787. In honour of Napoleon's birthday in 1806, Milliaud published with a French translation the Hebrew poem Mizmor Shir le-Napoleon. That same year, he was named representative for Vaucluse at the Assemblée des israélites de France et du royaume d'Italie, and a member of the Grand Sanhedrin.

Vaucluse
Vaucluse (French: [voklyz]; Provençal: Vauclusa (Classical norm) or Vau-Cluso (Mistralian norm)) is a department in the southeastern French region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur. It had a population of 561,469 as of 2019. The department's prefecture is Avignon.

It is named after a spring, the Fontaine de Vaucluse, one of the largest karst springs in the world. The name Vaucluse itself derives from the Latin Vallis Clausa ("closed valley") as the valley ends in a cliff face from which the spring emanates.
Birmingham Humanists
The Birmingham Humanist Group was formed on 23 May 1962 at the Arden Hotel, New Street, Birmingham, England, at a  meeting convened by Dr Anthony Brierley. It changed its name to Birmingham Humanists (Brum Hums) in 2000 and voted to become a Partner Group of the BHA, which changed its name to Humanists UK in 2017.  It holds most of its meetings at the rooms of the Community Development trust in Moseley, Birmingham.

New Street, Birmingham
New Street is a street in central Birmingham, England. It is one of the city's principal thoroughfares and shopping streets linking Victoria Square to the Bullring Shopping Centre. It gives its name to New Street railway station, although the station has never had direct access to New Street except via Stephenson Place and latterly Grand Central shopping centre.
Rainer Forst
Rainer Forst (born 15 August 1964) is a German philosopher and political theorist, and was called the "most important political philosopher of his generation" in 2012, when he won the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize.  Currently he is Professor of Political Theory at the Department for Social Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt. He is often identified with the newest generation of scholars associated with the Frankfurt School of critical theory.  He received his doctorate under the supervision of Jürgen Habermas in 1993, with additional supervision by John Rawls from 1991 to 1992.

His main areas of research are political theory, pragmatism, tolerance, and political and social justice.  His first book in English, Contexts of Justice, incorporated elements of Anglo-American liberal theory and communitarianism with German critical and social theory. He is frequently recognized as perhaps the world's leading authority on the subject of toleration.

Social theory
Social theories are analytical frameworks, or paradigms, that are used to study and interpret social phenomena. A tool used by social scientists, social theories relate to historical debates over the validity and reliability of different methodologies (e.g. positivism and antipositivism), the primacy of either structure or agency, as well as the relationship between contingency and necessity. Social theory in an informal nature, or authorship based outside of academic social and political science, may be referred to as "social criticism" or "social commentary", or "cultural criticism" and may be associated both with formal cultural and literary scholarship, as well as other non-academic or journalistic forms of writing.
Cheri Elliott
Cheri Elliott (born April 17, 1970) is an American former champion female bicycle motocross (BMX) racer in the 1980s, and a champion Downhill and Slalom mountain bike racer in the 1990s and early 2000s. During her BMX career, she spent most of her racing career on the national circuit with the Skyway Recreation factory team. She had a relatively short BMX career, but she is a four-time national champion and four-time world champion, including three consecutive National Number One girl-racer titles for the American Bicycle Association (ABA) from 1983 through 1985. She also held the regional UBR Number one girl racer title in 1982. She was the first female racer inducted into the ABA BMX Hall of Fame in 1989, and the first female BMX racer inducted into the United States Bicycling Hall of Fame in 2008.

National Bicycle League
The National Bicycle League (NBL) was a United States–based Bicycle Motocross (BMX) sports sanctioning body originally based in Deerfield Beach, Florida, but after several moves it was based in Hilliard, Ohio. It was created by George Edward Esser  in 1974 as first the bicycle auxiliary of the National Motorcycle League (NML) then set up as an independent non-profit organization unlike the earlier National Bicycle Association (NBA) and the later American Bicycle Association (ABA). George Esser played a major part in establishing Bicycle Motocross racing in Florida and shortly after the East Coast of the United States as Ernie Alexander did in California and the West Coast. The organization that sanctions bicycle motocross races in the United States/Canada is now known as USA BMX.