hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Joshua Verin
Joshua Verin (c. 1611 – 1695) was a founding settler of Providence in what would become the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations. He is best known for being disfranchised for violating his wife's freedom of conscience by severely beating her when she refused to stop attending prayer meetings held by Roger Williams.

Definitions of Puritanism
Historians have produced and worked with a number of definitions of Puritanism, in an unresolved debate on the nature of the Puritan movement of the 16th and 17th century. There are some historians who are prepared to reject the term for historical use. John Spurr argues that changes in the terms of membership of the Church of England, in 1604–6, 1626, 1662, and also 1689, led to re-definitions of the word "Puritan". Basil Hall, citing Richard Baxter considers that "Puritan" dropped out of contemporary usage in 1642, with the outbreak of the First English Civil War, being replaced by more accurate religious terminology. Current literature on Puritanism supports two general points: Puritans were identifiable in terms of their general culture, by contemporaries, which changed over time; and they were not identified by theological views alone.
WestShore Plaza
27°56′47″N 82°31′35″W﻿ / ﻿27.94639°N 82.52639°W﻿ / 27.94639; -82.52639

WestShore Plaza is a shopping mall located in the Westshore business district of Tampa, Florida, developed by Albert L. Manley of Boston, MA. WestShore Plaza was opened in 1967 and was touted as Tampa's first shopping center that was fully air-conditioned. WestShore houses many specialty shops including Francesca's Collection, LOFT, New Balance, H&M, Old Navy, Sunglass Hut, and more. The property is owned and managed by Washington Prime Group.

The mall's anchors are  JCPenney and an AMC movie theater, with three vacant anchors last occupied by Sears, Dick's Sporting Goods and Macy's. Restaurants include P.F. Chang's China Bistro, Grimaldi's Pizzeria, Irish 31, the Bay Area's only Maggiano's Little Italy, Seasons 52 and there is also a kids play area near JCPenney. A nursing room can be found in the women's restroom and baby changing stations in all restrooms.

Maggiano's Little Italy
Maggiano's Little Italy (Italian: [madˈdʒaːno]) is an American casual dining restaurant chain specializing in Italian-American cuisine. The company was founded in Chicago's River North neighborhood, at Clark Street and Grand Avenue, in 1991 by Rich Melman's Lettuce Entertain You Enterprises (LEYE). The concept was acquired by Brinker International, Inc. in August 1995 from LEYE. As of March 22, 2021, there were 54 locations throughout 22 states and the District of Columbia.

In February 2017, they introduced a seven-day-a-week brunch menu.
Air Groove
Air Groove (Japanese: エアグルーヴ; April 6, 1993 - April 23, 2013) was a Japanese racehorse and broodmare.

She won the 1996 Yushun Himba (Japanese Oaks) after her mother, Dyna Carle, won it in 1983. In 1997, Air Groove won the Grade 1 Autumn Tenno Sho and became the first mare chosen for Japanese Horse of the Year in 26 years. She was nicknamed the Empress for how evenly she competed with male horses. Her other wins included the 1996 Tulip Sho (G3), the 1997 Sapporo Kinen (G2) and Mermaid Stakes (Japan) (G3), and the 1998 Sapporo Kinen (G2) and Sankei Ōsaka Hai (G2).

After retirement, she became a broodmare. Her foals included two G1 winners: Admire Groove (winner of the 2003 and 2004 Queen Elizabeth II Commemorative Cup, fathered by Sunday Silence) and Rulership (winner of the 2012 Queen Elizabeth II Cup, fathered by King Kamehameha).

Queen Elizabeth II Cup (Japan)
The Queen Elizabeth II Cup (Queen Elizabeth II Commemorative Cup until 2012) is an International Grade 1 flat horse race in Japan for three-year-old and above thoroughbred fillies and mares run over a distance of 2,200 metres (approximately 1 mile 3 furlongs) on the turf at Kyoto Racecourse in November.

Originally called the Victoria Cup, it was renamed the Queen Elizabeth II Cup in 1975 to commemorate the visit of Elizabeth II to Japan.
Photography and Non-Logical Form
Photography and non-logical form is a book and research concept by art critic and art historian Ekaterina Vasilyeva. The book provides an idea that draws attention to the irrational basis of photography. The study considers photography as a tool that reveals the irrational and archaic principle of thinking. Considered one of the formative books in the field of photography theory.
The book is created as a collection of essays published in the 2010s in academic sources. The texts touch on aspects of a single topic and raise the general problem of the phenomenon of the non-logical in photography. It was published as a separate book by New Literary Review in 2019.

System
A system is a group of interacting or interrelated elements that act according to a set of rules to form a unified whole. A system, surrounded and influenced by its environment, is described by its boundaries, structure and purpose and is expressed in its functioning. Systems are the subjects of study of systems theory and other systems sciences.

Systems have several common properties and characteristics, including structure, function(s), behavior and interconnectivity.
Durang
Durang is a surname. People with that name include:

Charles Durang (1796–1870), American dancer and actor

Christopher Durang (1949–2024), American playwright

Edwin Forrest Durang (1829–1911), American architect

Ferdinand Durang (c. 1785–1831), American actor, first to publicly perform the "Star-Spangled Banner"

John Durang (1768–1822), early American dancer
"Durang's Hornpipe", a dance and tune named for John Durang

Christopher Durang
Christopher Ferdinand Durang (January 2, 1949 – April 2, 2024) was an American playwright known for works of outrageous and often absurd comedy. His work was especially popular in the 1980s, though his career seemed to get a second wind in the late 1990s.

Sister Mary Ignatius Explains It All For You was Durang's watershed play as it brought him to national prominence when it won him the Obie Award for Best Playwright (1980). His play Vanya and Sonia and Masha and Spike won the Tony Award for Best Play in 2013. The production was directed by Nicholas Martin, and featured Sigourney Weaver, David Hyde Pierce, Kristine Nielsen, Billy Magnussen, Shalita Grant and Genevieve Angelson. Durang was a co-director of the Lila Acheson Wallace American Playwrights Program at Juilliard.
Khagani Mammadov
Khagani Mammadov (Azerbaijani: Xəqani Məmmədov; born 29 September 1976) is an Azerbaijani footballer (striker). Mammadov received 20 international caps for the Azerbaijan national football team, scoring one goal.

He scored the most goals in Azerbaijani Premier League with Inter Baku in 2007–08 season.

Azerbaijan national football team
The Azerbaijan national football team (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan milli futbol komandası) is the national football team of Azerbaijan and is controlled by Association of Football Federations of Azerbaijan. It represents Azerbaijan in international football competitions. The majority of Azerbaijan's home matches are held at the national stadium, Baku Olympic Stadium, with friendly matches sometimes hosted at club stadiums.

The Azerbaijan national football team has taken part in qualification for each major tournament since Euro 1996, but has never qualified for the finals tournament of any World Cup or European Championships. Azerbaijan was the first Caucasus country to host a major football tournament, the UEFA Euro 2020.
Shu Tong
Shu Tong (November 25, 1905 – May 27, 1998) was a People's Republic of China politician. He was born in Dongxiang County, Jiangxi Province (part of Fuzhou, Jiangxi Province). He joined the Chinese Communist Party in 1926. He was the Party Secretary of Shandong. In 1944 he was tasked to lead the Rectification Campaign excesses in Shandong.: 620  He died in Beijing.

Shu Tong was also reputed for his calligraphy.

Dongxiang, Fuzhou
Dongxiang (simplified Chinese: 东乡; traditional Chinese: 東鄉; pinyin: Dōngxiāng) is a district of Jiangxi province, People's Republic of China. It is under the jurisdiction of the prefecture-level city of Fuzhou.
Calcaires de Laize
The Calcaires de Laize is a Cambrian limestone unit that crops out in Normandy, France. It was deposited during a sea level highstand, and overlies the siliciclastic schists and limestones of Carteret.

It is magnesium rich and penetrated by pre-Jurassic barites veins.

Raised shoreline
A raised shoreline is an ancient shoreline exposed above current water level.  These landforms are formed by a relative change in sea level due to global sea level rise, isostatic rebound, and/or tectonic uplift.  These surfaces are usually exposed above modern sea level when a heavily glaciated area experiences a glacial retreat, causing water levels to rise.  This area will then experience post-glacial rebound, effectively raising the shoreline surface.

Examples of raised shorelines can be found along the coasts of formerly glaciated areas in Ireland and Scotland, as well as in North America.  Raised shorelines are exposed at various locations around the Puget Sound of Washington State.
Jim Barry (general)
Major General James Edward Barry, AM, MBE, RFD, ED (born 7 September 1932) is an Australian businessman, Army Reserve officer, and sports administrator. His appointments have included commander 3rd Division, Executive Member of the Australian Olympic Committee and President of the Australian Gymnastic Federation.

Efficiency Decoration
The Efficiency Decoration, post-nominal letters TD for recipients serving in the Territorial Army of the United Kingdom or ED for those serving in the Auxiliary Military Forces, was instituted in 1930 for award to part-time officers after twenty years of service as an efficient and thoroughly capable officer. The decoration superseded the Volunteer Officers' Decoration, the Colonial Auxiliary Forces Officers' Decoration and the Territorial Decoration.

In the British Commonwealth, the decoration was gradually superseded by national decorations in some member countries, in Canada by the  Canadian Forces' Decoration in 1951, in the Union of South Africa by the John Chard Decoration in 1952 and in Australia by the Reserve Force Decoration in 1982. In the United Kingdom, the decoration was superseded by the Volunteer Reserves Service Medal in 1999. New Zealand continues to award the Efficiency Decoration (New Zealand) and is one of a few countries still to do so.
Scottish Fire Service College
The Scottish Fire Service College, later known as the Scottish Fire and Rescue Service College Gullane (SFRS College Gullane), was a training facility located in East Lothian that operated from 1954 to 2015. A former hotel building, it was used for the initial training for new recruits from across Scotland and also for other specialist training. The facility at Gullane closed in 2015, shortly after the eight separate Scottish fire services merged in April 2013 to form the Scottish Fire and Rescue Service (SFRS), and a new national specialist training centre opened in Cambuslang.

Scottish Fire and Rescue Service
The Scottish Fire and Rescue Service (SFRS) is the national fire and rescue service of Scotland, with its operational headquarters located in Cambuslang. It was formed by the merger of eight regional fire services in the country on 1 April 2013, thus becoming the largest fire brigade in the United Kingdom, surpassing the London Fire Brigade. The force was established as a result of the passing of Scottish Government legislation. The Police and Fire Reform (Scotland) Act 2012 was passed by the Scottish Parliament, and, in 2013, the new Scottish Fire and Rescue Service replaced Scotland's eight regional fire and rescue services.

The current chief officer of the Scottish Fire and Rescue Service is Stuart Stevens who has overall responsibility for the day to day running of the fire and rescue service and all its associated operations.
Jan Petržela
Jan Petržela  (born 24 September 1992) is a Czech orienteer.

He won a silver medal in the relay with the Czech team at the 2014 European Orienteering Championships in Palmela, and a bronze medal in the relay at the 2016 European Orienteering Championships in Jeseník.

At the 2017 World Orienteering Championships in Tartu, Estonia, he placed 22nd in the middle distance, 25th in the sprint final, and 11th in the relay with the Czech team.

Jeseník
Jeseník (Czech pronunciation: [ˈjɛsɛɲiːk]; until 1947 Frývaldov (Czech pronunciation: [ˈfriːvaldof]); German: Freiwaldau, Polish: Frywałdów) is a spa town in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 10,000 inhabitants.
Tyler Mills
Tyler Mills is an American poet, essayist, editor, and scholar. She is Editor-in-Chief of The Account, an Assistant Professor of English at New Mexico Highlands University and the author of Hawk Parable, winner of the 2017 Akron Poetry Prize (University of Akron Press 2019) and Tongue Lyre, winner of the 2011 Crab Orchard Series in Poetry First Book Award (Southern Illinois University Press 2013). She is also an editor and teacher and lives in Brooklyn, NY.

University of Akron Press
The University of Akron Press is a nonprofit university press that is a part of The University of Akron. Founded in 1988, the Press is currently directed by Jon Miller and is a member of Association of University Presses.

The University of Akron Press publishes scholarly, academic, regional and literary titles in several series, including: Ohio History and Culture; Akron Series in Poetry; Contemporary Poetics; The Center for the History of Psychology Series; The Bliss Institute Series; The NCCAkron Series in Dance.

The Press also distributes the works of psychologist Jacob Robert Kantor (1888–1984) under the imprint Principia Press.

Each year, the Press offers the Akron Poetry Prize, a competition open to all poets writing in English. The winning manuscript is published in the Akron Series in Poetry. The current Series Editor of the Akron Series in Poetry is Mary Biddinger.
Hayden v. County of Nassau
In Hayden v. County of Nassau, 180 F.3d 42 (2d Cir. 1999), the Second Circuit affirmed the district court's dismissal of a suit brought by White and Latino police officers alleging violations of the Equal Protection Clause and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

District court
District courts are a category of courts which exists in several nations. Sometimes they are called "small case courts" because they are usually at the lowest level of the hierarchy.

These courts generally work under a higher court which exercises control over the lower court and supervises it.
GATX
GATX Corporation is a railcar lessor that owns fleets in North America, Europe, and Asia. In addition, jointly with Rolls-Royce Limited, it owns one of the largest aircraft spare engine lease portfolios. It is headquartered in Chicago, Illinois. As of December 31, 2020, the company owned 148,939 rail cars, including 83,959 tank cars, 64,980 freight cars, and 645 locomotives. Other major car types owned include covered hoppers, open-top hopper cars, and gondolas. It primarily serves the petroleum industry (29% of 2020 revenues), chemical industry (22% of 2020 revenues), food industry (11% of 2020 revenues), mining industry (10% of 2020 revenues), and transportation industry (20% of 2020 revenues).

Gondola (rail)
In North American railroad terminology, a gondola car or gondola is typically an open-topped railroad car used for transporting loose bulk materials, although general freight was also carried in the pre-container era. Because of their low side walls, gondola cars are also suitable for the carriage of such high-density cargos as steel plates or coils, or of bulky items such as prefabricated sections of rail track. Gondola cars are distinct from hopper cars in that they do not have doors on their floor to empty cargo.
Mark Godfrey
Mark Godfrey is an American para-alpine skier. He represented the United States at the 1988 Winter Paralympics in alpine skiing.

He won the silver medal in three events: in the Men's Downhill LW1 event, the Men's Giant Slalom LW1 event and the Men's Slalom LW1 event.

Alpine skiing at the 1988 Winter Paralympics – Men's slalom LW1
The men's slalom LW1 was one of the events held in Alpine skiing at the 1988 Winter Paralympics in Innsbruck.

There were five competitors in the final. Three out of five competitors were disqualified and as a result only two medals were awarded.
One Year
One Year is the debut solo studio album by English singer-songwriter Colin Blunstone, a member of the Zombies. It was released by Epic Records in 1971. It includes "Say You Don't Mind", which peaked at number 15 on the UK Singles Chart.

Chris White (musician, born 1943)
Christopher Taylor White (born 7 March 1943) is an English musician. He came to prominence in the mid-1960s as the bass guitarist and occasional lead vocalist of the rock band The Zombies. White is one of the main composers of the Zombies' music, and made major lyrical contributions to the band's songs. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2019 as a member of the Zombies.
Karpenka, Saratov Oblast
Karpenka (Russian: Карпёнка) is a village (selo) in the Krasnokutsky District of Saratov Oblast, Russia, located on the right bank of the Yeruslan River (Volga's tributary), 123 kilometers (76 mi) southeast of Saratov, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: 641.

Krasnokutsky District
Krasnokutsky District (Russian: Красноку́тский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-eight in Saratov Oblast, Russia. It is located in the south of the oblast. The area of the district is 2,900 square kilometers (1,100 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Krasny Kut. Population: 34,676 (2010 Census);  36,445 (2002 Census); 37,551 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Krasny Kut accounts for 41.6% of the district's total population.
Douglas, South Lanarkshire
Douglas (Scottish Gaelic: Dùbhghlas) is a village in South Lanarkshire, Scotland. It is located on the south bank of the Douglas Water and on the A70 road that links Ayr, on the West coast of Scotland, to Edinburgh on the East, around 12 miles south west of Lanark. The placename is of Gaelic origin, derived from the Old Gaelic dub and glais, meaning "dark stream", in reference to the Douglas Water. The Douglas family took this name when their ancestors settled here in the 12th century.

South Lanarkshire
South Lanarkshire (Scots: Sooth Lanrikshire; Scottish Gaelic: Siorrachd Lannraig a Deas) is one of 32 unitary authorities of Scotland. It borders the south-east of the Glasgow City council area and contains some of Greater Glasgow's suburban towns, as well as many rural towns and villages. It also shares borders with Dumfries and Galloway, East Ayrshire, East Renfrewshire, North Lanarkshire, the Scottish Borders and West Lothian. It includes most of the historic county of Lanarkshire.

The administrative centre of South Lanarkshire is Hamilton, with the seat of the local authority, South Lanarkshire Council, located at Lanark County Buildings.
Selinountas, Achaea
Selinountas (Greek: Σελινούντας, older form Selinous) is a village in the municipal unit of Aigio, Achaea, Greece. It is located on the right bank of the river Selinountas, about 4 km southeast of Aigio. The Greek National Road 8A (Patras - Aigio - Corinth) passes the village in the north.

Corinth
Corinth (/ˈkɒrɪnθ/ KORR-inth; Greek: Κόρινθος, romanized: Kórinthos, Modern Greek pronunciation: [ˈkorinθos]) is a city in the Peloponnese in Greece. The successor to the ancient city of Corinth, it is the capital of the Corinthia regional unit and the seat of the municipality of Corinth, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has a population of 38,485 according to the 2021 census, of whom 30,816 live within the city limits of Corinth.

It was founded as New Corinth (Greek: Νέα Κόρινθος, romanized: Néa Kórinthos) in 1858 after an earthquake destroyed the existing settlement of Corinth, which had developed in and around the site of the ancient city.
2025 COSAFA U-20 Championship
The 2025 COSAFA U-20 Championship was the 30th edition of the COSAFA U-20 Youth Championship, the international youth football championship organised by COSAFA for the men's under-20 national teams of Southern Africa. The tournament doubled as the men's football competition for the AUSC Region 5 Youth Games Namibia 2025 and was hosted in Windhoek from 4 to 13 July 2025. A total of eight teams played in the tournament, with players born on or after 1 January 2005 eligible to participate.

South Africa were the defending champions, having won their ninth title in last year's edition. They successfully defended their title, finishing the tournament unbeaten.

COSAFA
Council of Southern Africa Football Associations (French: Conseil des Associations de Football en Afrique Australe; Portuguese: Conselho das Associações de Futebol da África Austral), officially abbreviated as COSAFA, is an association of the football playing nations in Southern Africa. It is affiliated to CAF.

COSAFA organise several tournaments in the Southern African region, and its most renowned tournament is the COSAFA Cup.
Ivan Timofeevich Kokorev
Ivan Timofeevich Kokorev (Russian Иван Тимофеевич Кокорев) (September 6, 1825 - June 14, 1853) was a Russian writer.

The son of a freed serf, Kokorev's stories and essays began appearing in the 1840s, but he did not become well known until he began his association with the journal Moskvityanin in 1849. His stories "Sibirka" (1847) and "Savvushka" (1852) were successful, but he is best remembered for his essays collected under the title Moskva sorokovykh godov ('Moscow of the [eighteen] forties'); the collection Ocherki i rasskazy ('Essays and stories') came out posthumously in 1857. He was considered one of the "Moscow patriots" and inveighed against the introduction of foreign words and customs. Apollon Grigoryev wrote in his memoirs of "the clearly-talented and likable sketches of the late I. T. Kokorev."

Apollon Grigoryev
Apollon Aleksandrovich Grigoryev (Russian: Аполло́н Алекса́ндрович Григо́рьев, IPA: [ɐpɐˈlon ɐlʲɪkˈsandrəvʲɪdʑ ɡrʲɪˈɡorʲjɪf] ⓘ; 20 July 1822 – 7 October 1864) was a Russian poet, literary and theatrical critic, translator, memoirist and author of popular art songs.
Dominion Skytrader
The Dominion Skytrader was a Canadian prototype STOL utility aircraft, originally designed by the Dominion Aircraft Corporation in Vancouver, British Columbia, but built in the United States in the early 1970s. Attempts to market the aircraft continued until the late 1980s, but proved fruitless.

Lycoming IO-720
The Lycoming IO-720 engine is a large displacement, horizontally opposed, eight-cylinder aircraft engine featuring four cylinders per side, manufactured by Lycoming Engines.

There is no carbureted version of the engine, which would have been designated O-720 and therefore the base model is the IO-720. The IO-720 is the only flat-eight configuration aircraft engine currently in production.
Chris Gabrieli
Chris Gabrieli (born February 5, 1960) is an American education policy and innovation leader. He is CEO of the non-profit Empower Schools, Chairman of the Board of the Massachusetts Department of Higher Education and part-time Lecturer at the Harvard Graduate School of Education.

Harvard Graduate School of Education
The Harvard Graduate School of Education (HGSE) is the education school of Harvard University, a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1920, it was the first school to grant the EdD degree and the first Harvard school to award degrees to women. HGSE enrolls around 800 students between its master of education (Ed.M.) and three-year doctor of education leadership (Ed.L.D.) programs.

It is associated with the Harvard Education Publishing Group whose imprint is the Harvard Education Press and publishes the Harvard Educational Review.