hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dollar coin
A dollar coin is a coin valued at one dollar in a given currency.

Examples include:

Australian one dollar coin

Canadian one dollar coin, or Loonie

Canadian silver dollar

Hong Kong one-dollar coin

New Zealand one dollar coin

Dollar coin (United States)

Spanish milled dollar

Dollar
Dollar (/dɒlər/) is the name of more than 25 currencies. The United States dollar, named after the international currency known as the Spanish dollar, was established in 1792 and is the first so named that still survives. Others include the Australian dollar, Brunei dollar, Canadian dollar, Eastern Caribbean dollar, Hong Kong dollar, Jamaican dollar, Liberian dollar, Namibian dollar, New Taiwan dollar, New Zealand dollar, Singapore dollar, Trinidad and Tobago dollar, and several others. The symbol for most of those currencies is the dollar sign $; the same symbol is used by many countries using peso currencies.

The name 'dollar' originates from the tolar which was the name of a 29-gram (1.0 oz) silver coin called the Joachimsthaler minted in 1519 in the western part of Bohemia (now the Czech Republic). The word thaler itself comes from the German word Thal, i.e. 'valley'.
Kedus Harbe
Kedus Harbe (Ge'ez: ቅዱስ ሓርበኛ, "Holy Warrior") was King of Zagwe dynasty. According to Taddesse Tamrat, he was the son of Jan Seyum, the brother of Tatadim. Some authorities date his reign to the years 1079–1119. G.W.B. Huntingford does not include him in his list of kings of the Zagwe dynasty. On some regnal lists he is known as Gabra Maryam.

Taddesse Tamrat
Taddesse Tamrat (Amharic: ታደሰ ታምራት; 4 August 1935 – 23 May 2013) was an Ethiopian historian and scholar of Ethiopian studies. He is best known as the author of Church and State in Ethiopia  1270–1520 (1972, Oxford University Press ISBN 0198216718), a book which has dominated the field of Ethiopian studies.
2004 Botswana local elections
Local elections in Botswana were held on 30 October 2004 for the district councils of the Districts of Botswana. Local government is administered by nine district and five town councils. District commissioners have executive authority.

Districts of Botswana
Botswana is divided into ten administrative districts, two cities, and five towns. These are administered by 17 local authorities (district councils, city councils or town councils).

As well as the main districts, Botswana also has seven urban districts which comprise the area of cities and towns.
Joseph Spencer (cricketer)
Joseph Blakey Spencer (July 1809 – 9 August 1877) was an English first-class cricketer, British Army soldier and inventor.

Spencer was born at Longsight in Manchester in July 1809. A soldier in the Royal Artillery, which was based at Woolwich, Spencer one appearance in first-class cricket for the Gentlemen of Kent against the Gentlemen of England at Lord's in 1843. The following year he made another appearance in first-class cricket, this time for the Gentlemen in the Gentlemen v Players fixture. He scored 36 runs in his two matches, in addition to taking 3 wickets for the Gentlemen of Kent. Spencer later worked in the 1850s on improving early photographic apparatus alongside the photographer Arthur James Melhuish. He was appointed to be an honorary quartermaster of the 1st Administrative Battalion Kent Rifle Volunteers in March 1866, which he held until his resignation in March 1873. Spencer died at Blackheath in August 1877.

Longsight
Longsight is an inner city area of Manchester, England, 3 miles (4.8 km) south of the city centre, bounded by Ardwick and West Gorton to the north and east; Levenshulme to the south; and Chorlton-on-Medlock, Victoria Park and Fallowfield to the west. Historically in Lancashire, it had a population of 15,429 at the 2011 census.
Gresham Professor of Music
The Professor of Music at Gresham College, London, gives free educational lectures to the general public. The college was founded for this purpose in 1597, when it created seven professorships; this was later increased to ten. Music is one of the original professorships as set out by the will of Thomas Gresham in 1575.

The Professor of Music is appointed in partnership with the City of London Corporation.

Thomas Gresham
Sir Thomas Gresham the Elder (/ˈɡrɛʃəm/; c. 1519 – 21 November 1579) was an English merchant and financier who acted on behalf of King Edward VI (1547–1553) and Edward's half-sisters, queens Mary I (1553–1558) and Elizabeth I (1558–1603). In 1565 Gresham founded the Royal Exchange in the City of London.
Linn Siri Jensen
Linn Siri Jensen (born 18 January 1961) is a Norwegian team handball goalkeeper and coach.

She played 122 matches for the national team. She won a bronze medal at the 1986 World Women's Handball Championship in the Netherlands. Clubs include Fyllingen IL and IL Vestar.

Jensen was awarded the Håndballstatuetten trophy from the Norwegian Handball Federation in 2010.

Håndballstatuetten
Håndballstatuetten is a Norwegian Handball award given to Norwegian players who has represented the Norwegian national team. The awardee must have played at least 200 matches and played at least 60% of matches in a 6-year period. It is awarded after the player has retired.

The award was first awarded in 1998.
Lincegrove and Hackett's Marshes
Lincegrove and Hackett's Marshes is a 37.8-hectare (93-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest on the west bank of the River Hamble between Southampton and  Fareham in Hampshire. It is part of Solent and Southampton Water Ramsar site and  Special Protection Area, and of Solent Maritime Special Area of Conservation. Hackett's Marsh is a 20.4 hectares (50 acres) Local Nature Reserve.

This site is one of the best examples of saltmarshes on the south coast. It is dominated by sea purslane and common cordgrass, with other flora including sea lavender, thrift, sea aster and sea clubrush.

Ramsar site
A Ramsar site is a wetland site designated to be of international importance under the Ramsar Convention, also known as "The Convention on Wetlands",  an international environmental treaty signed on 2 February 1971 in Ramsar, Iran, under the auspices of UNESCO. It came into force on 21 December 1975, when it was ratified by a sufficient number of nations. It provides for national action and international cooperation regarding the conservation of wetlands, and wise sustainable use of their resources. Ramsar treaty participants meet regularly to identify and agree to protect "Wetlands of International Importance", especially those providing waterfowl habitat.

As of January 2026, there are 2,520 Ramsar sites around the world, which protect 253,075,668 hectares (625,363,590 acres), and 172 national governments participate in the convention.
2012–13 Eredivisie
The 2012–13 Eredivisie was the 57th season of Eredivisie, since its establishment in 1955. It began on 10 August 2012 with the first match of the season and ended on 26 May 2013, with the last matches of the European competition and relegation play-offs. This is the first time VAR has been used for testing.

2013–14 UEFA Europa League
The 2013–14 UEFA Europa League was the 43rd season of Europe's secondary club football tournament organised by UEFA, and the fifth season under its current title.

The final was played between Sevilla and Benfica at the Juventus Stadium in Turin, Italy, which was won by Sevilla on penalties, giving them a record-equalling third UEFA Cup/Europa League title. Chelsea could not defend their title as they automatically qualified for the 2013–14 UEFA Champions League and also reached the knockout stage.
Kokoszewo
Kokoszewo [kɔkɔˈʂɛvɔ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bisztynek, within Bartoszyce County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

Before 1772 the area was part of Kingdom of Poland, and in 1772–1945 it belonged to Prussia and Germany (East Prussia).

First Partition of Poland
The First Partition of Poland took place in 1772 as the first of three partitions that eventually ended the existence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth by 1795. The growth of power in the Russian Empire threatened the Kingdom of Prussia and the Habsburg monarchy and was the primary motive behind the First Partition.

Frederick the Great, King in Prussia, engineered the partition to prevent Austria, which was envious of Russian successes against the Ottoman Empire, from going to war. Territories in Poland–Lithuania were divided by its more powerful neighbours (Austria, Russia and Prussia) to restore the regional balance of power in Central Europe among those three countries.

With Poland unable to defend itself effectively and foreign troops already inside the country, the Polish Sejm ratified the partition in 1773 during the Partition Sejm, which was convened by the three powers.
Robert Bates (political scientist)
Robert Hinrichs Bates (born 1942) is an American  political scientist specializing in comparative politics. He is Eaton Professor of the Science of Government in the Departments of Government and African and African American Studies at Harvard University. From 2000–2012, he served as Professeur associé, School of Economics, University of Toulouse.

An Africanist by training, Bates's research has been influential in comparative politics and the political economy of economic development. Bates has been a leading proponent of the use of rational choice theory and deductive methods in political science.

African studies
African studies is the study of Africa, especially the continent's cultures and societies (as opposed to its geology, geography, zoology, etc.). The field includes the study of Africa's history (pre-colonial, colonial, post-colonial), demography (ethnic groups), culture, politics, economy, languages, and religion (Islam, Christianity, traditional religions). A specialist in African studies is often referred to as an "Africanist".

Africanists argue that there is a need to "deexoticize" Africa and banalise it, rather than understand Africa as exceptionalized and exoticized. African scholars, in recent times, have focused on decolonizing African studies, and reconfiguring it to reflect the African experience through an African lens.
Vernon Allatt
Vernon Allatt (born 28 May 1959) is an English former footballer who made more than 250 appearances in the Football League playing as a forward for Crewe Alexandra, Halifax Town, Preston North End, Rochdale and Stockport County.

Halifax Town A.F.C.
Halifax Town Association Football Club was an English football club based in Halifax, West Yorkshire. They played in the English Football League from 1921 to 1993 and from 1998 to 2002.

The club was dissolved in 2008, but reformed that July under the name of FC Halifax Town.

The club's stadium was The Shay.
2023–24 Scottish Cup
The 2023–24 Scottish Cup (known as the Scottish Gas Men's Scottish Cup for sponsorship reasons) was the 139th season of Scotland's most prestigious football knockout competition. The 2023–24 edition marked the 150th anniversary of the tournament which was established in 1873–74. The winners would qualify for the 2024–25 Europa League play-off round.

Celtic were the defending champions after defeating Inverness Caledonian Thistle in the 2023 final and successfully defended their title after beating Rangers 1–0 in the final.

2023 Scottish Cup final
The 2023 Scottish Cup final was the final match of the 2022–23 Scottish Cup, the 138th edition of Scotland's most prestigious knockout football competition. It was contested by Celtic and Inverness Caledonian Thistle at Hampden Park, Glasgow, on 3 June 2023.
Raiffeisen Zentralbank Österreich AG v Five Star General Trading LLC
Raiffeisen Zentralbank Österreich AG v Five Star General Trading LLC [2001] EWCA Civ 68, [2001] QB 825 (frequently shortened to RZB v Five Star) is a judicial decision of the Court of Appeal of England and Wales relating to the conflict of laws.

The case related to a security interest which was created in favour of the bank over the insurance proceeds relating to a ship.  The ship was later involved in a collision, and the third party sought to assert a claim to the insurance proceeds in priority to the bank's rights under the security agreement.  The choice of law rules suggested different outcomes depending upon whether this was characterised as an issue of contract law (in which case it would be determined by English law, and the bank would prevail) or an issue of property law (in which case French law would apply, and the third party would prevail).

The Court of Appeal held that the choice of law rules relating to contracts should be applied, and accordingly, the bank prevailed.

Choice of law
Choice of law is a procedural stage in the litigation of a case involving the conflict of laws when it is necessary to reconcile the differences between the laws of different legal jurisdictions, such as sovereign states, federated states (as in the US), or provinces. The outcome of this process is potentially to require the courts of one jurisdiction to apply the law of a different jurisdiction in lawsuits arising from, say, family law, tort, or contract. The law which is applied is sometimes referred to as the "proper law." Dépeçage is an issue within choice of law.
Khin Poe Panchi
Khin Poe Panchi (Burmese: ခင်ပိုးပန်းချီ, pronounced Khin Poe Bagyi, b. c. 2003) is a Burmese traditional and folk singer, with a repertoire spanning multiple genres including Buddhist Dhamma songs and the Mahagita, the corpus of Burmese classical songs.

Khin won a gold medal at the National Performing Arts Competition. She has released several albums including Me Yway Lo Hsin Ba Me (မယ်ရွေးလို့ဆင်ပါ့မယ်) in 2015, Auspicious Moment (မင်္ဂလာအခါတော်) in 2019, and Magnificent Almsgiving (ခမ်းနားတဲ့အလှူ) in 2020. In 2019, she performed the theme song "Until We Meet Again" for the blockbuster film The Only Mom.

National Performing Arts Competition
The National Performing Arts Competition (Burmese: မြန်မာတိုင်းရင်းသားတို့၏ ရိုးရာယဉ်ကျေးမှု အဆို၊ အက၊ အရေး၊ အတီးပြိုင်ပွဲ), commonly abbreviated Sokayeti (Burmese: ဆိုကရေးတီး), is an annual performing arts competition held in Myanmar since 1993. The competition is held in October of each year.
6th Politburo of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party
The 6th Politburo of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (LPRP), officially the Political Bureau of the 6th Central Committee of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, was elected in 1996 by the 1st Plenary Session of the 6th Central Committee, in the immediate aftermath of the 6th National Congress.

6th National Congress of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party
The 6th National Congress of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party was held in Vientiane from 18 to 20 March 1996. The congress occurs once every five years. A total of 381 delegates represented the party's 78,000 card-carrying members.
Madelyn Fernstrom
Madelyn Hirsch Fernstrom is an American scientist and broadcast journalist, She is also Professor of Psychiatry, Epidemiology and Surgery at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and a Board certified Nutrition Specialist. Since 2013 she has been the Health, Diet and Nutrition editor for NBC News. She appears on NBC Nightly News, Today and MSNBC. Before she became the Health, Diet and Nutrition editor for NBC News she was diet and nutrition editor for Today.

Fernstrom is also an author of the book The Real You Diet.

University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
40°26′35″N 79°57′41″W﻿ / ﻿40.443111°N 79.961343°W﻿ / 40.443111; -79.961343
The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine is a medical school of the University of Pittsburgh, located in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The School of Medicine, also known as Pitt Med, encompasses both a medical program, offering the doctor of medicine, and graduate programs, offering doctor of philosophy and master's degrees in several areas of biomedical science, clinical research, medical education, and medical informatics.

In 2023, Pitt Med had an incoming class profile with a median score of 514 on the MCAT with a median GPA of 3.79; 8,782 people applied, and 1,020 were interviewed for 148 positions in the medical school's entering class.

The School of Medicine is closely affiliated with the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC).

The School of Medicine is one of sixteen schools that comprise the University of Pittsburgh and is located in the Oakland neighborhood of the city of Pittsburgh.
Benzofuranylpropylaminopentane
(–)-Benzofuranylpropylaminopentane (BPAP; developmental code name FPFS-1169) is an experimental drug related to selegiline which acts as a monoaminergic activity enhancer (MAE). It is orally active in animals.

BPAP is a highly potent MAE and enhances the nerve impulse propagation-mediated release of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. At much higher concentrations, BPAP is also a monoamine reuptake inhibitor, specifically of dopamine and norepinephrine and to a much lesser extent of serotonin. BPAP produces psychostimulant-like effects in animals, with these effects mediated by its MAE actions. The drug is a substituted benzofuran derivative and tryptamine relative structurally related to phenylpropylaminopentane (PPAP).

BPAP was first described in 1999. There has been interest in BPAP for potential clinical use in humans, including in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and depression. There has also been interest in BPAP to help slow aging.

Molecular modification
Molecular modification is chemical alteration of a known and previously characterized lead compound for the purpose of enhancing its usefulness as a drug. This could mean enhancing its specificity for a particular body target site, increasing its potency, improving its rate and extent of absorption, modifying to advantage its time course in the body, reducing its toxicity, changing its physical or chemical properties (like solubility) to provide desired features.
Thomas Brown (sport shooter)
Thomas Granville Brown (February 2, 1885 – November 4, 1950) was an American sport shooter who competed in the 1920 Summer Olympics.

In 1920, he won the silver medal as a member of the American squad in the team 300 metre military rifle, standing competition and the bronze medal in the team running deer, single shots event. In the 1920 Summer Olympics he also participated in the following events:

Team running deer, double shots - fourth place

running deer, double shots - place unknown

running deer, single shots - place unknown

He was born in Halleck, West Virginia and died in Rawlins, Wyoming.

Rawlins, Wyoming
Rawlins is a city in Carbon County, Wyoming, United States. The population was 8,221 at the 2020 census. It is the county seat of Carbon County. It was named for Union General John Aaron Rawlins, who camped in the locality in 1867.
Septmoncel Les Molunes
Septmoncel Les Molunes (French pronunciation: [sɛmɔ̃sɛl le mɔlyn]) is a commune in the department of Jura, eastern France. The municipality was established on 1 January 2017 by merger of the former communes of Septmoncel (the seat) and Les Molunes.

Jura (department)
Jura (/ˈ(d)ʒʊərə/ JOOR-ə, ZHOOR-ə; French: [ʒyʁa] ⓘ) is a department in the northeastern French region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté. The department takes its name from the Jura Mountains. Its prefecture is Lons-le-Saunier; subprefectures are Dole and Saint-Claude. In 2019, Jura had a population of 259,199. It has a short portion of the border of Switzerland.
2020 UCI Europe Tour
The 2020 UCI Europe Tour was the sixteenth season of the UCI Europe Tour. The 2020 season began on 25 January 2020 with the GP Belek and ended on 14 October 2020 with the Scheldeprijs.

Throughout the season, points are awarded to the top finishers of stages within stage races and the final general classification standings of each of the stages races and one-day events. The quality and complexity of a race also determines how many points are awarded to the top finishers, the higher the UCI rating of a race, the more points are awarded.

The UCI ratings from highest to lowest are as follows:

Multi-day events: 2.Pro, 2.1 and 2.2

One-day events: 1.Pro, 1.1 and 1.2

UCI race classifications
The Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI), the world's governing body in the sport of bicycle racing, classifies races according to a rating scale.

The rating is represented by a code made of two or three parts and indicates both the type or style of race (the first part), and its importance or difficulty (the second and third parts, lower being harder). The first part can be an integer or an abbreviation, and the second part, when present, are usually integers. Both parts are separated by a period or decimal point (.).

A higher rated race will result in the successful riders receiving more world ranking points.
The Fabulous Sports Babe
The Fabulous Sports Babe was a semi-fictional character who hosted various American sports radio broadcasts. The program, hosted by Tampa Bay area resident Nanci Donnellan, was syndicated across the United States on both ESPN Radio and ESPN2, from 1994 until 2001. She is noteworthy for being one of the few female broadcasters in sports radio, and was one of the first female sports radio call-in hosts in America.

WKVZ
WKVZ (98.7 FM) is a noncommercial radio station licensed to Holmes Beach, Florida, United States, and serving the Tampa Bay media market. It is owned by the Educational Media Foundation (d/b/a K-Love Inc.) and is part of the K-Love network. The transmitter is located San Martin Blvd in St. Petersburg.
Farber Hebrew Day School – Yeshivat Akiva
Yeshivat Akiva is an N-12 Modern Orthodox Religious Zionist day school in Southfield, Michigan, serving Southeast Michigan. It opened in 1964 as an elementary school and added a middle school in 1967 and high school starting in 1971 with a 10th grade. The school has had a strong connection to Israel, and for the first two decades the school's 12th grade took place in Israel.

The school's original name was Akiva Hebrew Day School. In 1982, the school was renamed Yeshivat Akiva-Akiva Hebrew Day School-Stollman Education Center. It is currently known as Farber Hebrew Day School-Yeshivat Akiva and uses the motto "A foundation in Torah, a lifetime of success." The latest name change came as part of a major endowment by the Audrey & William Farber Family.

Modern Orthodox Judaism
Modern Orthodox Judaism (also Modern Orthodox or Modern Orthodoxy) is a movement within Orthodox Judaism that attempts to synthesize Jewish values and the observance of Jewish law with the modern world.

Modern Orthodoxy draws on several teachings and philosophies, and thus assumes various forms. In the United States, and generally in the Western world, Centrist Orthodoxy underpinned by the philosophy of Torah Umadda ("Torah and secular knowledge") is prevalent. In Israel, Modern Orthodoxy is dominated by Religious Zionism; however, although not identical, these movements share many of the same values and many of the same adherents.