hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
André Amaral
André Amaral is an epidemiologist. He is associate professor of Respiratory Epidemiology and Global Health at Imperial College London and Chair of the Epidemiology Group of the European Respiratory Society. His research focuses on the causes of poor lung function, small lung syndrome, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), where he has been improving the understanding of the risks posed to the lungs by environmental, occupational and lifestyle factors. He has been investigating whether these risks vary across different ethnicities and world regions, as well as whether changes in sex hormone levels have an impact on lung function.

Sex hormone
Sex hormones, also known as sex steroids,  gonadocorticoids and gonadal steroids, are steroid hormones that interact with vertebrate steroid hormone receptors. The sex hormones include the androgens, estrogens, and progestogens. Their effects are mediated by slow genomic mechanisms through nuclear receptors as well as by fast nongenomic mechanisms through membrane-associated receptors and signaling cascades. Certain polypeptide hormones including the luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone – each associated with the gonadotropin axis – are usually not regarded as sex hormones, although they play major sex-related roles.
Ed Elliott
Edward Morrison Elliott (born 1985) is an English sculptor who won a commission in 2011 to create a large wooden angel for the National Trust.

Elliott, who won the Hereford based  h.Art 2012 Young  Artist's Bursary,
was educated at The Chase School in Barnards Green, Malvern, Worcestershire.
and obtained a BA(Hons) in Fine Art (Sculpture) from Cardiff School of Art & Design in 2008.
His angel sculpture Greer has a 14' (4.26m) wingspan, carved from London Plane wood from the Mottisfont Estate and was commissioned by the National Trust,  The sculpture which was installed on the Trust's Mottisfont Estate near  Romsey in  Hampshire, is now part of a collection in Essex alongside sculptures by Antony Gormley, Elisabeth Frink,  and Thomas Heatherwick.

Elliott's works have also been exhibited in New Zealand, Italy, and Vietnam. He lives (as of 2012) in Malvern, and maintains a studio in Ledbury, Herefordshire, near Malvern

Hereford
Hereford (/ˈhɛrɪfərd/ ⓘ HERR-if-ərd) is a cathedral city and the county town of the ceremonial county of Herefordshire, England. It is on the banks of the River Wye and lies 16 miles (26 km) east of the border with Wales, 23 miles (37 km) north-west of Gloucester and 24 miles (39 km) south-west of Worcester. With a population of 61,900 in 2024, it is the largest settlement in Herefordshire.

An early town charter from 1189, granted by Richard I of England, describes it as "Hereford in Wales". Hereford has been recognised as a city since time immemorial, with the status being reconfirmed in October 2000. Hereford has been a civil parish since 2000.

Products from Hereford include cider, beer, leather goods, nickel alloys, poultry, chemicals and sausage rolls, as well as the Hereford breed of cattle.
Wolfgang of the Palatinate
Wolfgang of the Palatinate (nicknamed the Elder; 31 October 1494 in Heidelberg – 2 April 1558 in Neumarkt) was a German nobleman from the House of Wittelsbach.  He was Count Palatine of Neumarkt and governor of the Upper Palatinate.

Upper Palatinate
The Upper Palatinate (/pəˈlætɪnɪt/; German: Oberpfalz, pronounced [ˈoːbɐˌpfalts] ⓘ, Bavarian: Obapfoiz, Owerpfolz) is an administrative district in the east of Bavaria, Germany. It consists of seven districts and 226 municipalities, including three cities.
Utricularia pubescens
Utricularia pubescens is a small to medium-sized, probably annual, terrestrial or lithophytic carnivorous plant that belongs to the genus Utricularia and is the only member of Utricularia sect. Lloydia. U. pubescens is native to India, tropical Africa, and Central and South America. It was originally published and described by James Edward Smith in 1819 and placed in its own section, Lloydia, by Peter Taylor in 1986. It grows as a terrestrial or lithophytic plant in boggy grasslands in damp peaty soils at altitudes from sea level to 1,900 m (6,234 ft). This species possesses small peltate leaves, which are diagnostic for this species in the genus.

Lithophyte
Lithophytes are plants that grow in or on rocks.  Epilithic (or epipetric) lithophytes grow on the surfaces of rocks, while endolithic (or chasmophytes) lithophytes grow in the cracks or crevices of rocks. Obligate lithophytes grow solely on rocks, while facultative lithophytes will grow partially on a rock and on another substrate simultaneously.
Voznesensky, Voronezh Oblast
Voznesensky (Russian: Вознесенский) is a rural locality (a settlement) and the administrative center of Voznesenskoye Rural Settlement, Talovsky District, Voronezh Oblast, Russia. The population was 587 as of 2010. There are 3 streets.

Talovsky District
Talovsky District  (Russian: Та́ловский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-two in Voronezh Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northeastern central part of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,910 square kilometers (740 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Talovaya. Population: 35,173 (2021 Census); 42,603 (2010 Census); 47,221 (2002 Census); 51,278 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Talovaya accounts for 31.7% of the district's total population.

The Russian Federal Nature Preserve Kamennaya Steppe is located in Talovsky District.
Hyphema
Hyphema is the  medical condition of bleeding in the anterior chamber of the eye between the iris and the cornea. People usually first notice a loss or decrease in vision. The eye may also appear to have a reddish tinge, or it may appear as a small pool of blood at the bottom of the iris in the cornea. A traumatic hyphema is caused by  a blow to the eye. A hyphema can also occur spontaneously.

Iris (anatomy)
The iris (pl.: irides or irises) is a thin, annular structure in the eye in most mammals and birds that is responsible for controlling the diameter and size of the pupil, and thus the amount of light reaching the retina. In optical terms, the pupil is the eye's aperture, while the iris is the diaphragm. Eye color is defined by the iris.
Jeremiah Fears
Jeremiah Fears (born October 14, 2006) is an American professional basketball player for the New Orleans Pelicans of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for the Oklahoma Sooners. Fears was selected seventh overall by the Pelicans in the 2025 NBA draft.

2024–25 Oklahoma Sooners men's basketball team
The 2024–25 Oklahoma Sooners men's basketball team represented the University of Oklahoma during the 2024–25 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Sooners, led by head coach Porter Moser in his fourth year, played their home games at Lloyd Noble Center in Norman, Oklahoma, as members of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). This was the inaugural season for Oklahoma as members of the SEC.
2012 World Wrestling Championships – Women's freestyle 51 kg
The women's freestyle 51 kg is a competition featured at the 2012 World Wrestling Championships, and was held at the Millennium Place in Strathcona County, Alberta, Canada on 27 September 2012.

This freestyle wrestling competition consisted of a single-elimination tournament, with a repechage used to determine the winners of two bronze medals. The two finalists faced off for gold and silver medals. Each wrestler who lost to one of the two finalists moved into the repechage, culminating in a pair of bronze medal matches featuring the semifinal losers each facing the remaining repechage opponent from their half of the bracket.

Each bout consisted of up to three rounds, lasting two minutes apiece. The wrestler who scored more points in each round was the winner of that rounds; the bout finished when one wrestler had won two rounds (and thus the match).

Jessica MacDonald from the host nation won the gold medal.

Strathcona County
Strathcona County is a specialized municipality in the Edmonton Metropolitan Region within Alberta, Canada between Edmonton and Elk Island National Park. It forms part of Census Division No. 11.

Strathcona County is both urban and rural in nature. Approximately 73% of its population lives in Sherwood Park, which is an urban service area east of Edmonton, remains an unincorporated hamlet. The balance lives beyond Sherwood Park within a rural service area.
Athens Internet Exchange
The Athens Internet Exchange was until January 2010 the main Internet Exchange Point in Greece, offering peering connectivity between the largest commercial ISPs as well as the academic network organization, GRNET. Operational authorities were GRNET along with the Network Operations Centre of the National Technical University of Athens. It operated under the auspices of the Hellenic National Telecommunications and Posts Committee the Greek regulator.

AIX members were the following ISPs:

GRNET

Forthnet

Hellas OnLine

Altec Telecoms

Net One

Vivodi

Verizon Hellas

On Telecoms

Otenet

ORANGE BUSINESS SERVICES

AT&T Global Network Services Hellas

Vodafone NET

Wind

Tellas

Lannet

AIX was a founding member of European Internet Exchange Association (Euro-IX)

In January 2010, AIX was replaced by the Greek Internet Exchange.

European Internet Exchange Association
The European Internet Exchange Association, or Euro-IX, is an association of European Internet exchange points. It is a community-driven association serving European Internet exchange points and Internet service providers and the general IP community, including politicians, regulators, vendors, and other industry related sectors. Euro-IX is part of the global IX-F Internet eXchange Federation.
Kukak Bay Cannery
The Kukak Bay Cannery was a commercial razor clam canning operation on the southern coast of the Alaska Peninsula. The cannery operated intermittently from 1922 to 1951, with its most active years before 1936, when most of its complex was destroyed by fire.

The remains of the cannery are located on the shores of Kukak Bay, an inlet providing some shelter from the harsh weather of the area.

The cannery property formally became part of Katmai National Park and Preserve in 1931, and was designated an archaeological historic district, comprising 18 contributing sites, on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003. It is monitored regularly by park rangers, but is deteriorating due to the weather.

Alaska Peninsula
The Alaska Peninsula (also called the Aleut Peninsula or the Aleutian Peninsula, Aleut: Alaxsxix̂; Sugpiaq: Aluuwiq, Al'uwiq) is a peninsula extending about 497 mi (800 km) to the southwest from the mainland of Alaska and ending in the Aleutian Islands. The peninsula separates the Pacific Ocean from Bristol Bay, an arm of the Bering Sea.

In literature (especially Russian), the term Alaska Peninsula was used to denote the entire north-western protrusion of the North American continent, or all of what is now the state of Alaska, exclusive of its panhandle and islands. The Lake and Peninsula borough, the Alaskan equivalent of a county, is named after the peninsula.

The Alaska/Aleutian Peninsula is also grouped into Southwest Alaska.

The other large peninsulas in Alaska include the Kenai Peninsula and the Seward Peninsula.
Sofitel Macau at Ponte 16
The Sofitel Macau at Ponte 16 (Chinese: 澳門十六浦索菲特大酒店) is a hotel in Santo António, Macau. It is part of Sofitel Luxury Hotels and opened its doors in 2008.

Sofitel Macau at Ponte 16 is a 5-star hotel as defined by Macau Government Tourist Office (MGTO).  The hotel offers 408 rooms, spread out over 20 floors, offering views of both the Macau skyline and its bordering city of Zhuhai in China across the inner-harbour waters.

19 suites of the 4 different design themes are located in "The Mansion at Sofitel" which is an addition to the main hotel building. The hotel includes five food and beverage outlets, including the Le Chinois Cantonese restaurant. Others include an all-day restaurant named Mistral offering the option of an al fresco dining environment, Privé.

Sofitel Macau have received a number of tourism awards from 2010 to 2013.

Skyline
A skyline is the outline or shape viewed near the horizon. It can be created by a city's overall structure, or by human intervention in a rural setting, or in nature that is formed where the sky meets buildings or the land.

City skylines serve as a pseudo-fingerprint as no two skylines are alike. For this reason, news and sports programs, television shows, and movies often display the skyline of a city to set a location. The term The Sky Line of New York City was introduced in 1896, when it was the title of a color lithograph by Charles Graham for the color supplement of the New York Journal. Paul D. Spreiregen, FAIA, has called a [city] skyline "a physical representation [of a city's] facts of life ... a potential work of art ... its collective vista."
Doboy railway station
Doboy railway station was a former railway station on QR Citytrain suburban network in Brisbane, the state capital of Queensland, Australia. It was located between Murarrie and Hemmant stations on the Cleveland railway line.

Hemmant railway station
Hemmant railway station is located on the Cleveland line in Queensland, Australia. It serves the Brisbane suburb of Hemmant.  The station opened in 1914.

In November 1996, the Fisherman Islands line to the Port of Brisbane opened to the north of the station.
1985 NCAA Division I women's tennis championships
The 1985 NCAA Division I Women's Tennis Championships were the fourth annual championships to determine the national champions of NCAA Division I women's singles, doubles, and team collegiate tennis in the United States.

The women's team championship was won by USC, their second title in three years. The Trojans defeated Miami (FL) in the final round, 6–3.

The women's singles title was won by Linda Gates from Stanford. Gates, along with partner Leigh-Anne Eldredge (both from Stanford), also won the women's double title, her second consecutive championship in the event.

Gates became the first woman to win consecutive NCAA Division I double's titles as well as the first woman to win the single's and double's championship in the same year. This feat would not be accomplished again until Keri Phebus, from UCLA, won both titles in 1995.

UCLA Bruins
The UCLA Bruins are the athletic teams that represent the University of California, Los Angeles. The Bruin men's and women's teams participate in NCAA Division I as part of the Big Ten Conference and the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation (MPSF). For football, they are in the Football Bowl Subdivision of Division I (formerly Division I-A). UCLA is second to only Stanford University as the school with the most NCAA team championships at 125 NCAA team championships. UCLA offers 11 varsity sports programs for men and 14 for women.
Priocharax ariel
Priocharax ariel is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Acestrorhamphidae, the American characins. This fish is found in the Rio Negro, Rio Madeira and Orinoco river basins in Brazil, Colombia and Venezeula.

Madeira River
The Madeira River (Portuguese: Rio Madeira [maˈdejɾɐ]) is a major waterway in South America. It is estimated to be 1,450 km (900 mi) in length, while the Madeira-Mamoré is estimated near 3,250 km (2,020 mi) or 3,380 km (2,100 mi) in length depending on the measuring party and their methods. The Madeira is the biggest tributary of the Amazon, accounting for about 15% of the water in the basin. A map from Emanuel Bowen in 1747, held by the David Rumsey Map Collection, refers to the Madeira by the pre-colonial, indigenous name Cuyari.

The River of Cuyari, called by the Portuguese Madeira or the Wood River, is formed by two great rivers, which join near its mouth. It was by this River, that the Nation of Topinambes passed into the River Amazon.
A Treatise on the Circle and the Sphere
A Treatise on the Circle and the Sphere is a mathematics book on circles, spheres, and inversive geometry. It was written by Julian Coolidge and published by the Clarendon Press in 1916. The Chelsea Publishing Company published a corrected reprint in 1971. After the American Mathematical Society acquired Chelsea Publishing it was reprinted again in 1997.

Chelsea Publishing Company
The Chelsea Publishing Company was a publisher of mathematical books, based in New York City, founded in 1944 by Aaron Galuten while he was still a graduate student at Columbia. Its initial focus was to republish important European works that were unavailable in the United States because of wartime restrictions, such as Hausdorff's Mengenlehre, or because the works were out of print. This soon expanded to include translations of such works into English, as well as original works by American authors. As of 1985, the company's catalog included more than 200 titles.

After Galuten's death in 1994, the company was acquired in 1997 by the AMS, which continues to publish a portion of the company's original catalog under the AMS Chelsea Publishing banner, and also publishes new titles under this imprint.
Partridge Lake (Namewaminikan River)
Partridge Lake is a lake in the municipality of Greenstone, Thunder Bay District in northwestern Ontario, Canada. It is in the Great Lakes Basin.

The main inflow is the Namewaminikan River at the east. A secondary inflow is Legault Creek at the south. The major outflow, at the northwest, is also the Namewaminikan River which flows via Lake Nipigon and the Nipigon River to Lake Superior.

Greenstone, Ontario
Greenstone is a single-tier municipality in the Canadian province of Ontario with a population of 4,309 according to the 2021 Canadian census. It stretches along Highway 11 from Lake Nipigon to Longlac and covers 2,767.19 km2 (1,068.42 sq mi).

The town was formed on January 1, 2001, as part of municipal re-organization under the Progressive Conservative government of Ontario. It combined the former Townships of Beardmore and Nakina, the Towns of Geraldton and Longlac with large unincorporated portions of Unorganized Thunder Bay District.

It is the administrative office of the band government for the Animbiigoo Zaagi'igan Anishinaabek First Nation.
Matchless Model 7
The Matchless Model 7 is a British 'touring' motorcycle designed and made by Harry and Charlie Collier. Based on the proven 85mm x 85mm JAP V-twin engine, the Model 7 had a two-speed transmission with a hub gear and an epicyclic gear for the low ratio, with a friction band clutch operated by a hand lever at the side of the fuel tank. Problems with unreliable belt drive were addressed by having two belts side by side, so when the first broke, the second would still work. The 770cc engine was started like a moped with pedals, and a small lever on the end of the silencer could be used to eject smoke and sparks.  The paintwork was all done by hand in page grey with a forest-green panelled tank lined in gold pinstriping.

Matchless also produced a three-speed model that had a variable pulley and a moveable rear wheel, similar to the Zenith Gradua.  Production was limited however, and after 1912 they concentrated on making their own engines until the First World War stopped production.

V-twin engine
A V-twin engine, also called a V2 engine, is a two-cylinder piston engine where the cylinders are arranged in a V configuration and share a common crankshaft.

The V-twin is widely associated with motorcycles, primarily installed transversely, though also longitudinally. They are also used in a variety of other land, air, and marine vehicles, as well as industrial applications. The V-twin design dates back to the late 1880s.
Hyaline fish
The hyaline fish (Sinocyclocheilus hyalinus) is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae. This threatened species is found only in Yunnan in China. Like many other cavefish, it lacks scales, pigmentation and external eyes. The first recorded description of an obligate cavefish involved this species, when mentioned in 1540 in the travel notes of Yingjing Xie, a local governor of Guangxi.

Threatened species
A threatened species is any species (including animals, plants and fungi) which is vulnerable to extinction in the near future. Species that are threatened are sometimes characterised by the population dynamics measure of critical depensation, a mathematical measure of biomass related to population growth rate. This quantitative metric is one method of evaluating the degree of endangerment without direct reference to human activity.
Aliasghar Mojarad
Aliasghar Mojarad (Persian: علی‌اصغر مجرد, born October 30, 1997, in Bojnord) is an Iranian Olympian volleyball player who plays as a middle blocker for the Iranian national team, Iranian clubs and European clubs.

He made his debut for Iranian national team in first fixtures of 2019 FIVB Volleyball Nations League against Italy. He was named best middle blocker at several international and national tournaments including 2014 Asian Boys' U18 Volleyball Championship, 2015 FIVB Volleyball Boys' U19 World Championship, 2015 Asian Men's U23 Volleyball Championship, 2018 Asian Men's Volleyball Cup, Iranian Volleyball Super League 2017, 2018 and 2019 as well as second middle blocker at 2019 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Cup.

2019 FIVB Men's Volleyball Nations League
The 2019 FIVB Men's Volleyball Nations League was the second edition of the FIVB Men's Volleyball Nations League, an annual international men's volleyball tournament contested by 16 national teams. The competition was held between May and July 2019, and the final round took place in the Credit Union 1 Arena, Chicago, United States. This was the first edition of the World League or the Nations League to have the final round hosted in North America.

Following the results of the 2018 Nations League and 2018 Challenger Cup, South Korea were replaced by debutants Portugal in this edition.

Portugal were the last placed challenger team after the preliminary round and will be replaced by 2019 Challenger Cup winners Slovenia in the 2020 edition.

Russia successfully defended its title, defeating finals hosts, the United States, in the final. Poland claimed the bronze after sweeping Brazil in three straight sets. Matt Anderson from United States named the MVP of the tournament.
Nan Oo Pagoda, Myinsaing
The Nan Oo Pagoda of Myinsaing (Burmese: မြင်စိုင်း နန်းဦး ဘုရား, [mjɪ̀ɰ̃záɪɰ̃ náɰ̃ ʔú pʰəjá]) is a Buddhist stupa located in Myinsaing, Myanmar. Modeled after the Shwezigon Pagoda of Bagan, the over 53-metre (174 ft) tall pagoda is one of the main attractions of the historical old town area.

Than Tun
Than Tun (Burmese: သန်းထွန်း, pronounced [θáɰ̃ tʰʊ́ɰ̃]; 6 April 1923 – 30 November 2005) was an influential Burmese historian as well as an outspoken critic of the military junta of Burma. For his lifelong contributions to the development of worldwide study of Burmese history and culture, Professor Than Tun was awarded the Fukuoka Asian Culture Prize in 2000.