hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Synod of Oxford
The Synod of Oxford was held on 9 May 1222, at Osney Abbey, in Oxford, England. It was a council of the (Catholic) church in England, convened by Archbishop Stephen Langton. It is notable for a number of the decisions taken and canon laws set.

During the Synod, "harsh anti-Jewish laws" were enacted: "social relations between Jews and Christians were blocked; church tithes were levied against Jews, and English Jews were forced to wear an identifying badge. The construction of new synagogues was also prevented."

For many centuries, it was thought that the decision that Saint George's Day  should be celebrated as a holy day in England was made at this Synod. However, since the 1960s, this has been regarded by historians as an invention.

Yellow badge
The yellow badge, also known as the yellow patch, the Jewish badge, or the yellow star (German: Judenstern, lit. 'Jew's star'), was an accessory that Jews were required to wear in certain non-Jewish societies throughout history. A Jew's ethno-religious identity, which would be denoted by the badge, would help to mark them as an outsider. Legislation that mandated Jewish subjects to wear such items has been documented in some Middle Eastern caliphates and in some European kingdoms during the medieval period and the early modern period. The most recent usage of yellow badges was during World War II, when Jews living in Nazi Germany and German-occupied Europe were ordered to wear a yellow Star of David to keep their Jewish identity disclosed to the public in the years leading up to the Holocaust.
2009 Asian Women's Youth Handball Championship
The 2009 Asian Women's Youth Handball Championship (3rd tournament) took place in Amman from 4 July–9 July. It acts as the Asian qualifying tournament for the 2010 Youth Summer Olympics in Singapore and the 2010 Women's Youth World Handball Championship.

2010 Women's Youth World Handball Championship
The 2010 IHF Women's Youth World Championship was the third edition and took place at Santo Domingo in the Dominican Republic from August 2–12. The defending champion was Russia. Sweden won the title this year.
William O. Howard
William O. "Bob" Howard (April 3, 1923 – November 13, 2006) was a Democratic politician who served in the Missouri House of Representatives. He was born in Elsberry, Missouri, and was educated at Elsberry High School and University of Missouri in Columbia, Missouri. In 1948, he married Jane Willis Hunter at Clarksville, Missouri.  Howard in 2006 at the Elsberry Healthcare Center near Elsberry, Missouri.

Missouri House of Representatives
The Missouri House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the Missouri General Assembly, the upper chamber being the Missouri Senate. It has 163 members, representing districts with an average size of 37,000 residents. House members are elected for two-year terms during general elections held in even-numbered years.

Missouri's house is the fourth largest in the United States even as the state ranks 18th in population. The only states with a larger lower house in the United States are New Hampshire (400), Pennsylvania (203), and Georgia (180). Republicans have controlled the State House since 2003.

The next election will be held in 2026.
Gravity at Last
Gravity at Last is the second studio album by German singer and songwriter Ayọ, released on 26 September 2008 by Polydor Records. The album was recorded in March 2008 and, like her debut album, Joyful, within five days under live conditions. The recording in analog technology took place at Compass Point Studios in Nassau on the island of New Providence, Bahamas. The album topped the French chart in its second week on the run. On 5 February 2009, the album was certified platinum by the Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique (SNEP), denoting sales in excess of 200,000 copies in France.

The song "Slow Slow (Run Run)" was released for radio promotion on 30 June 2008 and was released as first single from the album. "Lonely" was released as the second single.

Compass Point Studios
Compass Point Studios was a music recording studio in the Bahamas, established in 1977 by Chris Blackwell, founder and owner of Island Records. The concept of the studio was of a recording facility supported by in-house artists, musicians, producers and audio engineers, all dedicated to a specific and recognisable sound and style. The session band at the studios, as well as visiting recording artists, became known as the Compass Point All Stars.

Located 16 kilometres west of Nassau, on the island of New Providence, the studio attracted musical artists from around the world to record at its facilities during the 1970s and 1980s. AC/DC's Back in Black (1980), one of the best-selling albums of all time, was one of many albums recorded there. The studio closed in September 2010.
Nostepinne
The nostepinne, also known as a nostepinde or nøstepinde, is a tool used in the fiber arts to wind yarn, often yarn that has been hand spun, into a ball for easily knitting, crocheting, or weaving from. In its simplest form, it is a dowel, generally between 10–12 inches (25–30 cm) long and most frequently made of wood, around which yarn can be wound. Decoratively and ornately carved nostepinnes are common.  The top of the nostepinne sometimes incorporates a notch or a groove which allows one end of the yarn to be held secure while the rest is wound into a ball.

The ball of yarn formed by a nostepinne is a "center pull" ball, allowing the knitter to remove the working yarn from the center of the ball rather than the outside. This keeps the yarn from rolling around the surface the yarn is sitting on and provides a more consistent tension. These center-pull balls are called "cakes" because of their short, cylindrical shape.

Hand spinning
Spinning is an ancient textile art in which plant, animal or synthetic fibres are drawn out and twisted together to form yarn. For thousands of years, fibre was spun by hand using simple tools, the spindle and distaff. After the introduction of the spinning wheel in the 13th century, the output of individual spinners increased dramatically. Mass production later arose in the 18th century with the beginnings of the Industrial Revolution. Hand-spinning remains a popular handicraft.

Characteristics of spun yarn vary according to the material used, fibre length and alignment, quantity of fibre used, and degree of twist.
Tensho (kata)
Tensho is a kata originating from Gōjū-ryū karate. Translated, it means "revolving hands", "rotating palms", or "turning palms." This kata emphasizes the soft aspects of Gōjū-ryū, and encompasses continuous, flowing movements. Tensho, along with its harder counterpart sanchin, was developed by Gōjū-ryū founder Chojun Miyagi from earlier Chinese forms. Tensho may be a variant of the Southern Chinese Kung Fu form Rokkishu.

Tensho was created in 1921 as "softer sanchin" by Chojun Miyagi to balance Gō aspect of Heishugata (Sanchin-kata) with Jū variation for Heishugata.  It combines hard dynamic tension with deep breathing and soft flowing hand movements.

Some styles call it Rokkishu and it was created from some movements taken from Hakutsuru, although more careful analysis suggests that it might be Miyagi's personal interpretation of Kakuha-kata that was in Higashionna's syllabus but is omitted in Gōjū-ryū now.

Kata
Kata is a Japanese word  (型 or 形) meaning 'form'. It refers to a detailed choreographed pattern of martial arts movements. It can also be reviewed within groups and in unison when training. It is practiced in Japanese martial arts as a way to memorize and perfect the movements being executed.   Korean martial arts with Japanese influence (hapkido, Tang Soo Do) use the derived term hyeong (hanja: 形) and also the term pumsae (hanja: 品勢 hangeul: 품새).

Kata are also used in many traditional Japanese arts such as theatre forms like kabuki and schools of tea ceremony (chadō), but are most commonly known  in the martial arts. Kata are used by most Japanese and Okinawan martial arts, such as iaido, judo, kendo, kenpo, and karate.
Who'll Be the One
"Who'll Be the One" is a song written by Harry Vanda and George Young. It was originally recorded by the Australian rock group the Easybeats in 1967.  The song was a follow-up to their successful single "Friday On My Mind".  The single was a flop in the U.K., but it reached #12 on the Go-Set charts in Australia

Go-Set
Go-Set was the first Australian pop music newspaper, published weekly from 2 February 1966 to 24 August 1974, and was founded in Melbourne by Phillip Frazer, Peter Raphael and Tony Schauble. Widely described as a pop music "bible", it became an influential publication, introduced the first national pop record charts and featured many notable contributors including fashion designer Prue Acton, journalist Lily Brett, rock writer / band manager Vince Lovegrove, music commentator Molly Meldrum, rock writer / music historian Ed Nimmervoll and radio DJ Stan Rofe. It spawned the original Australian edition of Rolling Stone magazine in late 1972.
Not Letting Go
"Not Letting Go" is a song by British rapper Tinie Tempah. It features the vocals from British singer Jess Glynne. The song was released as a digital download in the United Kingdom on 21 June 2015 as the lead single for his third studio album Youth. It also appears on the deluxe version of Glynne's debut album, I Cry When I Laugh (2015). "Not Letting Go" samples the song "Not for Long" by American rapper B.o.B and also contains a sample from "There's a Better Way" from Jermaine Jackson's 1982 album "Let Me Tickle Your Fancy".

The song entered at the top of the UK Singles Chart, giving Tempah his sixth UK chart-topper (more than any other artist during the 2010s) and Glynne her fourth. Tempah overtook Dizzee Rascal for most number-one singles by a British rap artist.

Let Me Tickle Your Fancy
Let Me Tickle Your Fancy is the ninth studio album by Jermaine Jackson, released in 1982.  It was his final album for Motown Records. It reached No. 46 on the Billboard Top LPs chart and No. 9 on the Top R&B LPs chart. The title track peaked at No. 5 on the soul singles chart.
Ohio's 32nd senatorial district
Ohio's 32nd senatorial district has historically been based in the Mahoning Valley.  Currently it consists of the counties of Ashtabula and Trumbull as well as portions of Geauga county. It encompasses Ohio House districts 63, 64 and 99. It has a Cook PVI of R+10.  Its current Ohio Senator is Republican Sandra O'Brien.

Cook Partisan Voting Index
The Cook Partisan Voting Index, abbreviated PVI or CPVI, is a measurement of the partisanship of a U.S. congressional district or U.S. state. This partisanship is indicated as lean towards either the Republican Party or the Democratic Party, compared to the nation as a whole, based on how that district or state voted in the previous two presidential elections.
Waterstock
Waterstock is a village and civil parish on the River Thame about 4.5 miles (7 km) west of the market town of Thame in Oxfordshire. The parish is bounded to the north and west by the river, to the south largely by the A418 main road, and to the east largely by the minor road between Tiddington and Ickford Bridge across the Thame. On the north side of the parish, the river forms the county boundary with Buckinghamshire as well as the parish boundary with Ickford and Worminghall. Waterstock village is on a minor road north of the A418 and is surrounded by open farming land. In the village are about 50 houses and a farm along one main street.

Worminghall
Worminghall is a village and civil parish in the Buckinghamshire district of the ceremonial county of Buckinghamshire, England.

The village is beside a brook that forms most of the eastern boundary of the parish. The brook joins the River Thame, which forms the southernmost part of the eastern boundary. The western boundary of the parish also forms part of the county boundary with Oxfordshire. The village is about 4+1⁄2 miles (7 km) west of the Oxfordshire market town of Thame.

The 2011 Census recorded the parish population as 534.
The Lord of the Beasts
The Lord of the Beasts (German: Der Herr der Bestien) is a 1921 German silent drama film directed by Ernst Wendt and starring Carl de Vogt, Cläre Lotto, and Anna von Palen. It premiered in Berlin on 17 August 1921.

Anna von Palen
Anna von Palen (26 May 1875 – 27 January 1939) was a German film actress of the silent era. She appeared in 74 films between 1915 and 1938. She was born in Perleberg, Germany and died in Berlin, Germany.
Ohm Hills
The Ohm Hills (German: Ohmgebirge, pronounced [ˈoːmɡəˌbɪʁɡə]) are a small range of hills up to 533.4 m above sea level (NN) high and about 50 km² in area. They are part of the Lower Eichsfeld region and are located in the county of Eichsfeld, North Thuringia, Germany.

Wipper (Unstrut)
The Wipper (German pronunciation: [ˈvɪpɐ]) is a river in Thuringia, Germany, left tributary of the Unstrut. It originates in the Eichsfeld area, northwestern Thuringia, near Leinefelde-Worbis. The total length of the Wipper is 95 km. The Wipper joins the Unstrut near Heldrungen. Towns along the Wipper include Bleicherode and Sondershausen.
Wadi Salih
Wadi Salih is a province of Central Darfur state of Sudan. On March 5, 2004, at least 145 people were killed by Janjaweed forces. It is South of Zalingei. It is between Mukjar and Habillah regions.

Traditionally in the homeland of the Fur tribe, Wadi Salih is predominantly Furawi with estimates up to 90% with the other 10% being some other tribes such as the Dajo tribe in the east of Wadi Salih.

Garsila is the biggest town in Wadi Salih with it housing up to as high as 7,000 people until the early 2000s, which was during the time the Darfur Genocide took place which caused people to flee.

Now in late 2025 using satellite imagery we can see that a lot of the markets of this town are empty, same with most homes. Almost no sign of human activity here.

Fur people
The Fur (Fur: fòòrà, Arabic: فور Fūr) are an ethnic group mainly inhabiting Darfur in the western Sudan, where they are the largest ethnic group. They speak the Fur language, which belongs to the Nilo-Saharan family. Muslim cattle herders and farmers, they have been displaced and attacked in ethnic conflicts. Darfur means home of the Fur.
Crown Horse Guard Regiment
The Crown Horse Guard Regiment (Polish: Regiment Gwardii Konnej Koronnej) was a military unit of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and then of Poland. Formed in 1717 as a dragoon regiment by Jacob Heinrich von Flemming, it was initially commanded by Colonel William Mier, a Scottish officer in Polish service. Stationed in an area to the west of Warsaw, at the western end of the Saxon Axis, the regiment was often referred to by the name of its commanding officer. Consequently, the entire area around the regiment's barracks came to be known as Mirów and the name persists to this day.

The regiment took part in the war of the Bar Confederation and the Kościuszko Uprising, notably in the Warsaw Insurrection, where 364 soldiers of the regiment fought on foot. It was dissolved after the Third Partition of Poland.

Kościuszko Uprising
The Kościuszko Uprising, also known as the Polish Uprising of 1794, Second Polish War, Polish Campaign of 1794, and the Polish Revolution of 1794, was an uprising against the Russian and Prussian influence on the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, led by Tadeusz Kościuszko in Poland–Lithuania and the Prussian partition in 1794. It was an attempt to liberate the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth from external influence after the Second Partition of Poland (1793) and the creation of the Targowica Confederation. Despite some local successes of the insurgency, it was ultimately suppressed by Russian general Alexander Suvorov, who was promoted to field marshal in the aftermath of the Battle of Praga; the massacre that followed the battle was evidence of the ruthlessness of war.
Ayrton (footballer, born 1985)
Ayrton Luís Ganino (born 19 April 1985), commonly known as Ayrton, is a Brazilian footballer who plays for CRB. He has previously played for 14 different clubs, most recently Palmeiras, Vitória and Flamengo.

Clube de Regatas Brasil
Clube de Regatas Brasil, commonly referred to as CRB, is a Brazilian professional football club based in Maceió, Alagoas. It competes in the Série B, the second tier of Brazilian football, as well as in the Campeonato Alagoano, the top flight of the Alagoas state football league.

Founded on 20 September 1912, it plays in white and red shirts, shorts and socks. Its greatest rival is Centro Sportivo Alagoano (CSA),
Elisabeth Branäs
Elisabeth Branäs (15 June 1930 – 19 February 2010) was a Swedish female curler.

She was a two-time European champion (1976, 1977) and three-time Swedish women's champion.

In 1977 she was inducted into the Swedish Curling Hall of Fame.

Swedish Curling Hall of Fame
Swedish Curling Hall of Fame (Swedish: Stora Curlare) was created in 1966 by the Swedish Curling Association (Swedish: Svenska Curlingförbundet). A number of former and currently played curlers are inducted every year.
Vepříkov
Vepříkov is a municipality and village in Havlíčkův Brod District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.

Vepříkov lies approximately 16 kilometres (10 mi) north of Havlíčkův Brod, 39 km (24 mi) north of Jihlava, and 91 km (57 mi) south-east of Prague.

Havlíčkův Brod
Havlíčkův Brod (Czech pronunciation: [ˈɦavliːtʃkuːv ˈbrot], until 1945 Německý Brod; German: Deutschbrod) is a town in Havlíčkův Brod District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 24,000 inhabitants. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone.
Sandown 500
The Sandown 500 (commercially titled Penrite Oil Sandown 500) is an annual endurance motor race which is staged at the Sandown Raceway, in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia from 1964. The event's name, distance – and the category of cars competing in it – has varied widely throughout its history. Currently, the event is held as a championship event for Supercars.

Historically the event has been held in September, the month before Australia's premier endurance race, the Bathurst 1000, with a recent exception of the 2019 running, held in November. The event returned in September 2023 after a three-year hiatus.

2019 Sandown 500
The 2019 Sandown 500 (known for sponsorship purposes as the 2019 Penrite Oil Sandown 500) was a motor racing event for Supercars, held on the weekend of 8 to 10 November 2019. The event was held at Sandown Raceway in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia and consisted of one race, 500 kilometres in length. It was the fourteenth event of fifteen in the 2019 Supercars Championship and hosted Race 30 of the series. It was also the first event of the 2019 Pirtek Enduro Cup.

This running of Sandown 500 was run in November rather than the normal September timeslot. The race was won by Jamie Whincup and Craig Lowndes driving a Holden Commodore ZB.
Charles E. Lindblom
Charles Edward Lindblom (March 21, 1917 – January 30, 2018) was an American academic who studied economics at the University of Chicago and was Sterling Professor emeritus of political science and economics at Yale University. He served as president of the American Political Science Association and the Association for Comparative Economic Studies, as well as director of Yale's Institute for Social and Policy Studies.

Sterling Professor
Sterling Professor, the highest academic rank at Yale University, is awarded to a tenured faculty member considered the best in their field. It is akin to the rank of distinguished professor at other universities.

The appointment can be granted to any Yale faculty member and is made by the President of Yale University and confirmed by the Yale Corporation. Up to forty professors can hold the title at the same time. The position was established through a 1918 bequest from John William Sterling, and the first Sterling Professor was appointed in 1920.
Sine'skwela
Sine'skwela (lit. 'movie-school', a portmanteau of the Filipino words "sine" and "eskwela"), alternatively known as School on Air, is a Philippine television educational show by ABS-CBN and Studio 23. It aired on ABS-CBN from June 6, 1994 to July 30, 2004. The show, moved to Studio 23 from 2007 to 2009 and returned to ABS-CBN from 2009 to 2010. The show aims to educate children about science.

Some episodes of the show are available for streaming online on YouTube, via Knowledge Channel.

Bob dela Cruz
Jun Bob Jose dela Cruz (born August 10, 1977), is a Filipino politician and television personality who has served as the vice mayor of Marilao from 2022 to 2025. He is best known for being a housemate in the first season of Pinoy Big Brother, where he was forcibly removed from the show fifty-one days into the show's run after a medical emergency. A member of the National Unity Party, dela Cruz previously served as a member of the municipal council from 2010 to 2019, and briefly from June 2022 to October 2022 before being sworn in as the vice mayor of Marilao upon the death of Mayor Ricardo Silvestre.
Sapheosaurus
Sapheosaurus is an extinct genus of Late Jurassic sphenodont. Its skull was longer and narrower than that of Homoeosaurus. It was classified as a genus of sapheosaur by Michael Benton in 1985. It reached a length of 70 cm from snout to tail. Sapheosaurus belongs to the clade Sapheosauridae, that also includes other taxa like Kallimodon. It is believed to be one of two aquatic sphenodont lineages, with Pleurosauridae being the other.

Pleurosauridae
Pleurosauridae, from Ancient Greek πλευρά (pleurá), meaning "rib" or "side", and σαῦρος (saûros), meaning "lizard", is an extinct family of sphenodontian reptiles, known from the Jurassic of Europe. Members of the family had long-snake like bodies with reduced limbs that were adapted for aquatic life in marine environments. It contains two genera, Palaeopleurosaurus, which is known from the Early Jurassic (Toarcian) Posidonia Shale of Germany, as well as Pleurosaurus from the Late Jurassic of Germany and France. Paleopleurosaurus is more primitive than the later Pleurosaurus, with a skull similar to those of other sphenodontians, while that of Pleurosaurus is highly modified relative to other sphenodontians. They likely swam via anguilliform locomotion. Vadasaurus and Derasmosaurus from the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous of Europe have been placed as part of this family in some studies, but lack the body elongation that typifies the other two genera.
Isabel Arends
Isabel W.C.E. Arends (born 1966) is a Dutch chemist and professor of biocatalysis and organic chemistry at Utrecht University. She was appointed dean of its Faculty of Science in July 2018. Her research specializes in environmentally-friendly, or 'green', chemistry; for example, using enzymes as biocatalysts while avoiding the need for toxic solvents.

Toxicity
Toxicity is the degree to which a chemical substance or a particular mixture of substances can damage an organism. Toxicity can refer to the effect on a whole organism, such as an animal, bacterium, or plant, as well as the effect on a substructure of the organism, such as a cell (cytotoxicity) or an organ such as the liver (hepatotoxicity). Sometimes the word is more or less synonymous with poisoning in everyday usage.

A central concept of toxicology is that the effects of a toxicant are dose-dependent; even water can lead to water intoxication when taken in too high a dose, whereas for even a very toxic substance such as snake venom there is a dose below which there is no detectable toxic effect. Toxicity is species-specific, making cross-species analysis problematic. Newer paradigms and metrics are evolving to bypass animal testing, while maintaining the concept of toxicity endpoints.