hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Schiedea trinervis
Schiedea trinervis is a species of flowering plant in the family Caryophyllaceae. It is called three nerved alsinidendron and is endemic to island of Oʻahu in Hawaii. It is a subshrub, reaching a height of 30–80 cm (12–31 in).

Three-nerved alsinidendron inhabits mixed mesic and wet forests on the slopes of the Waiʻanae Range at elevations of 900–1,230 m (2,950–4,040 ft).  Associated plants include pilo (Coprosma spp.), ʻapeʻape (Gunnera petaloidea), ʻalani (Melicope spp.), hāpuʻu (Cibotium spp.), hame (Antidesma platyphyllum), and māmaki (Pipturus albidus). It is threatened by habitat loss.

Gunnera petaloidea
Gunnera petaloidea is a species of Gunnera endemic to Hawaii on the islands Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Maui, and Hawaii. It is found on slopes which receive heavy precipitation at an altitude between 700–1,830 m (2,300–6,000 ft) but mostly between 920–1,300 m (3,020–4,270 ft). The Hawaiian name for this plant is ʻape or ʻapeʻape.
Ohio Wesleyan Female College
Ohio Wesleyan Female College was a women's college, operating for two-and-a-half decades, until it merged into Ohio Wesleyan University in 1877.  After starting as a Delaware, Ohio, academy for women in 1850, equivalent to a high school, it expanded its program in 1853 to begin service as a college. In 1877, the Ohio Wesleyan Female College merged with Ohio Wesleyan University.  It had been a Coordinate College in relationship with that nearby men's school since 1853.

Delaware, Ohio
Delaware is a city in Delaware County, Ohio, United States, and its county seat. It is located near the center of Ohio, about 30 miles (48 km) north of Columbus as part of the Columbus metropolitan area. The population was 41,302 at the 2020 census. Delaware was founded in 1808 and was incorporated in 1816.
Kissi people
The Kissi people are a West African ethnolinguistic group. They are the fourth largest ethnic group in Guinea, making up 6.2% of the population. Kissi people are also found in Liberia and Sierra Leone. They speak the Kissi language, which belongs to the Mel branch of the Niger–Congo language family. The Kissi are well known for making baskets and weaving on vertical looms.  In past times, they were also famous for their ironworking skills, as the country and its neighbors possessed rich iron deposits. Kissi smiths produced the "Kissi penny."

The Kissi people are also called Assi, Bakoa, Den, Gihi, Gisi, Gissi, Gizi, Kisi, Kisia, Kisie, Kisiye, Kizi, or Kalen

Kissi language
Kissi (also Kisi or Kisiei) is a Mel language of West Africa, There are two dialects, northern and southern, and both are tonal languages. The northern dialect (kisiduei) is spoken in Guinea and in Sierra Leone. The southern dialect (kpekeduei) is spoken in Liberia and Sierra Leone. The two dialects are notably different, but are closely related.

In Guinea, the main places Kissi is spoken are the cities of Kissidougou and Guéckédou and their préfectures.
Cieminko
Cieminko [t͡ɕɛˈminkɔ] (formerly German Zemmin) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ostrowice, within Drawsko County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) north-east of Ostrowice, 23 km (14 mi) north-east of Drawsko Pomorskie, and 101 km (63 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin.

Before 1772 the area was part of Kingdom of Poland, 1772-1945 Prussia and Germany. For more on its history, see Drahim County and History of Pomerania.

Stare Drawsko
Stare Drawsko [ˈstarɛ ˈdrafskɔ] (until 1945 Polish: Drahim; German: Draheim) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Czaplinek, within Drawsko County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. The village is prominent as the seat of the historic Starostwo of Draheim.
Carotegrast methyl
Carotegrast methyl (trade name Carogra) is a drug used for the treatment of ulcerative colitis.

Carotegrast methyl is a prodrug that has little pharmacological activity itself. The methyl ester, which is designed to enhance oral bioavailability, is hydrolyzed to a carboxylic acid, carotegrast, by the enzyme carboxylesterase 1 in the liver. Carotegrast  is an α4-integrin antagonist which prevents the chronic inflammation affecting the gastrointestinal tract in individuals with ulcerative colitis.

Chemical structure of the active metabolite carotegrast

Carotegrast methyl received approval in Japan in March 2022 for the treatment of moderate ulcerative colitis in patients who had inadequate response to mesalazine.

Prodrug
A prodrug is a pharmacologically inactive medication or compound that, after intake, is metabolized (i.e., converted within the body) into a pharmacologically active drug. Instead of administering a drug directly, a corresponding prodrug can be used to improve how the drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted (ADME).

Prodrugs are often designed to improve bioavailability when a drug itself is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. A prodrug may be used to improve how selectively the drug interacts with cells or processes that are not its intended target.  This reduces adverse or unintended effects of a drug, especially important in treatments like chemotherapy, which can have severe unintended and undesirable side effects.
Extended metaphor
An extended metaphor, also known as a conceit or sustained metaphor, is the use of a single metaphor or analogy at length in a work of literature. It differs from a mere metaphor in its length, and in having more than one single point of contact between the object described (the so-called tenor) and the comparison used to describe it (the vehicle). These implications are repeatedly emphasized, discovered, rediscovered, and progressed in new ways.

Petrarch
Francis Petrarch (/ˈpɛtrɑːrk, ˈpiːt-/; 20 July 1304 – 19 July 1374; Latin: Franciscus Petrarcha; modern Italian: Francesco Petrarca [franˈtʃesko peˈtrarka]), born Francesco di Petracco, was a scholar from Arezzo and poet of the early Italian Renaissance, as well as one of the earliest humanists.

Petrarch's rediscovery of Cicero's letters is often credited with initiating the 14th-century Italian Renaissance and the founding of Renaissance humanism. In the 16th century, Pietro Bembo created the model for the modern Italian language based on Petrarch's works, as well as those of Giovanni Boccaccio, and, to a lesser extent, Dante Alighieri. Petrarch was later endorsed as a model for Italian style by the Accademia della Crusca.

Petrarch's sonnets were admired and imitated throughout Europe during the Renaissance and became a model for lyrical poetry. He is also known for being the first to develop the concept of the "Dark Ages".
Gmina Dubeninki
Gmina Dubeninki is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Gołdap County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland, on the border with Russia. Its seat is the village of Dubeninki, which lies approximately 17 kilometres (11 mi) east of Gołdap and 146 km (91 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

The gmina covers an area of 205.18 square kilometres (79.2 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 3,151.

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Puszcza Romincka Landscape Park.

Gołdap
Gołdap (Polish pronunciation: [ˈɡɔwdap] ⓘ; German: Goldap [ˈɡɔldap] ⓘ or variant Goldapp; Lithuanian: Geldupė, Geldapė, Galdapė) is a spa town in northeastern Poland, in the region of Masuria, seat of Gołdap County in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship. It is located on the Gołdapa River, between the Szeskie Hills, Gołdap Lake and the Puszcza Romincka forest. It has a population of 15,600 (as of 2007).
Raorchestes theuerkaufi
Raorchestes theuerkaufi is a species of frog of the genus Raorchestes found in the tea estates of Kadalar near Munnar, Idukki district, in the Western Ghats of Kerala in India. The species is named after Wolfgang Theuerkauf, a botanist and director of the Gurukula Botanical Sanctuary in Wayanad, Kerala.

Raorchestes
Raorchestes is a genus of frogs in the subfamily Rhacophorinae that are found in mountainous regions of South Asia, Southeast Asia, and southern China. A recent study places Raorchestes as a sister taxon of Pseudophilautus. Before the description of the genus in 2010, species now in Raorchestes had been assigned to genera Ixalus (no longer recognized), Philautus, and Pseudophilautus.

The genus is named in honour of C. R. Narayan Rao in recognition of his contribution to Indian batrachology. The other root orchestes is based on an older genus name for frogs of the Philautus group, Orchestes Tschudi 1838. Extensive exploration in the range of the genus in the Western Ghats of India suggests an under-estimation of the number of species in the genus. A study of the diverse species of the genus show that the separate isolated massifs of the Western Ghats played a major role in the speciation and habitat specificity seen in the genus of bush frogs.
Taşlıca, Ömerli
Taşlıca (Kurdish: Xanê Sora) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Ömerli, Mardin Province in Turkey. It is populated by Kurds of the Omerkan tribe and had a population of 106 in 2021.

Ömerli, Mardin
Ömerli (Arabic: معسرتي; Kurdish: Masertê; Syriac: ܡܥܨܪܬܗ, romanized: Maʿsarteh) is a municipality and district of Mardin Province, Turkey. Its area is 458 km2, and its population is 13,740 (2022). The town is mostly populated by Kurds of the Bilikan tribe and Mhallamis. Other groups in the town include Kurds from other tribes, Arabs, few Syriacs and Georgians, and civil servants of Turkish roots. It is located in the historic region of Tur Abdin.
2018 Eastbourne International
The 2018 Eastbourne International (also known as the Nature Valley International for sponsorship reasons) is a combined men's and women's tennis tournament played on outdoor grass courts. It was the 44th edition of the event for the women and the 8th edition for the men. The tournament is classified as a WTA Premier tournament on the 2018 WTA Tour and as an ATP World Tour 250 series on the 2018 ATP World Tour. The event took place at the Devonshire Park Lawn Tennis Club in Eastbourne, United Kingdom 25–30 June 2018.

2018 WTA Tour
The 2018 WTA Tour was the elite professional tennis circuit organised by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) for the  2018 tennis season. The 2018 WTA Tour calendar comprises the Grand Slam tournaments, supervised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF); the WTA Premier tournaments (Premier Mandatory, Premier 5, and regular Premier); the WTA International tournaments; the Fed Cup (organized by the ITF) and the year-end championships (the WTA Tour Championships and the WTA Elite Trophy). Also included in the 2018 calendar is the Hopman Cup, which is organized by the ITF and does not distribute ranking points.
Manaswini Lata Ravindra
Manaswini Lata Ravindra is a Marathi playwright, screenwriter and director, known for writing the play Amar Photo Studio and also being one of the writers of the Marathi sitcom Dil Dosti Duniyadari. In 2016, she is a recipient of the Sahitya Akademi Yuva Puraskar for her short story collection, Blogchya Aarshyapallyad.

Zee Marathi
Zee Marathi is an Indian  Marathi-language general entertainment pay television channel owned by Zee Entertainment Enterprises. The channel was launched on 15 August 1999 and was known as Alpha TV Marathi until 28 March 2005, when it was renamed as Zee Marathi. It is the first Marathi GEC channel. A HD version of this channel, Zee Marathi HD, was launched on 20 November 2016.
Sjaak Swart
Jesaia Swart (born 3 July 1938), commonly known as Sjaak Swart, is a Dutch former professional footballer who played as a winger for Ajax. During his career at Ajax, he amassed a total of 603 official matches, a record for the club.

1972 European Super Cup
The 1972 European Super Cup was a football match played over two legs between the winner of the 1971–72 European Cup and the winner of the 1971–72 European Cup Winners' Cup. The match was proposed by Anton Witkamp of De Telegraaf to decide who was the best club in Europe.
Battle of Juncal
The naval Battle of Juncal took place between a squadron of the newly independent United Provinces of the River Plate under command of William Brown and a squadron belonging to the Brazilian Empire, commanded by Sena Pereira. It spanned two days, from 8 to 9 February 1827, in the waters of the Río de la Plata.

The two squadrons were initially of roughly equal strength, but because of superior command and control, and gunnery training, the Argentines scored a decisive victory: out of 17 Brazilian vessels, 12—including the flagship with its admiral—were captured and 3 were burnt.  Not a single Argentine vessel was lost.

In the aftermath of the battle, the Third Division, the arm of the Brazilian fleet tasked with controlling the Uruguay River and thus disrupting communications with the Argentine army then operating in the Cisplatina province, was completely destroyed. The result was the biggest naval victory for Argentina in the Cisplatine War.

Colonia del Sacramento
Colonia del Sacramento (Spanish: [koˈlonja ðel sakɾaˈmento] ⓘ; Brazilian Portuguese: Colônia do Sacramento; European Portuguese: Colónia do Sacramento) is a city in southwestern Uruguay, by the Río de la Plata, facing Buenos Aires, Argentina. It is one of the oldest towns in Uruguay and the capital of the Colonia Department. As of the 2023 census, it has a population of around 32,174.

Its historic quarter is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Modern Colonia del Sacramento produces textiles and has a free trade zone, in addition to a polytechnic centre and various government buildings.
Parag Chaliha
Parag Chaliha (1923-1999) was an Indian politician. He was a Member of Parliament, representing Assam in the Rajya Sabha the upper house of India's Parliament representing the Asom Gana Parishad. He is the father of Kirip Chaliha who was a Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha from Guwahati.

Kirip Chaliha
Kirip Chaliha (born 1November 1955) is a member of the 14th Lok Sabha of India. He represents the Gauhati constituency of Assam and is a member of the Indian National Congress (INC) political party. He hails from Sivsagar,Assam.

He was also previously a member of the 10th Lok Sabha also having represented the Gauhati.
Kakowal
Dera haji bati khan Gondal is a village of Mandi Bahauddin District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is located at 32°31′0″N 73°26′0″E﻿ / ﻿32.51667°N 73.43333°E﻿ / 32.51667; 73.43333 and has an altitude of 252 metres (827 ft). Neighbouring settlements include Bhikhi and Wasu. Dera Haji bati khan Gondal is a small countryside containing the population of about 2000 people.

Haji bati kha n Gondal/Dera hajibati kha n Gondal/==References==

Bhikhi, Pakistan
Bhikhi Sharif is a village and union council of Mandi Bahauddin District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It has an altitude of 216 metres (709 ft).

The economy is largely agrarian and the main crops of the village are cereals, rice, and wheat.
Swedish Navy
The Swedish Navy (Swedish: Svenska marinen) is the maritime service branch of the Swedish Armed Forces. It is composed of surface and submarine naval units – the Fleet (Flottan), formally sometimes referred to as the Royal Navy (Kungliga Flottan) – as well as marine units, the Amphibious Corps (Amfibiekåren).

Founded under King Gustav Vasa in 1522, the Swedish navy is one of the oldest continuously serving navies in the world, celebrating its 500th anniversary in 2022.

Leidang
The institution known as leiðangr (Old Norse), leidang (Norwegian), leding (Danish), ledung (Swedish), expeditio (Latin) or sometimes lething (English), was a form of conscription (mass levy) to organize coastal fleets for seasonal excursions and in defense of the realm typical for medieval Scandinavians and, later, a public levy of free farmers. In Anglo-Saxon England, a different system was used to achieve similar ends, and was known as the fyrd.

The first recorded instance of a Norse lething is disputed among scholars. There is considerable evidence that substantiates its existence in the late 12th century. However, there are also written sources and archeological evidence which indicate that the lething system was introduced as early as the tenth century, if not earlier.
Rural health care in Australia
Rural health care in Australia involves the delivery of health services by private, community and public hospitals in areas classified as rural and remote. Researchers note that the health of those living in rural areas is quantitatively and qualitatively different to those living in major metropolitan areas. These differences include often significant gaps in service delivery, accessibility and lower health outcomes.

Rural areas and those who live in them are often understood as living in a spatially, economically, socially and culturally distinct group, although there are criticisms of this perspective. Despite the questions about the framing of rural and remote areas and health services as 'other' to the metropolitan norm or majority, the framing does "highlight a serious social and equity issue," particularly the gap in access and health outcomes for rural and remote populations.

National Rural Health Alliance
The National Rural Health Alliance (NRHA) is Australia's peak non-government organisation for rural and remote health.

The Alliance began in 1991 and was incorporated in 1993. It brings together a number of disparate organisations for the common purpose of improving the health of people who live and work in Australia's non-metropolitan areas.
PAVE PAWS
PAVE PAWS (PAVE Phased Array Warning System) is a complex Cold War early warning radar and computer system developed in 1980 to "detect and characterize a sea-launched ballistic missile attack against the United States". The first solid-state phased array deployed used a pair of Raytheon AN/FPS-115 phased array radar sets at each site to cover an azimuth angle of 240 degrees. In accordance with the Joint Electronics Type Designation System, the "AN/FPS-115" designation represents the 115th design of an Army-Navy fixed radar(pulsed) electronic device for searching. Two sites were deployed in 1980 at the periphery of the contiguous United States, then two more in 1987–95 as part of the United States Space Surveillance Network. One system was sold to Taiwan and is still in service.

Aerospace Defense Command
Aerospace Defense Command was a major command of the United States Air Force, responsible for air defense of the continental United States. It was activated in 1968 and disbanded in 1980. Its predecessor, Air Defense Command, was established in 1946, briefly inactivated in 1950, reactivated in 1951, and then redesignated Aerospace rather than Air in 1968. Its mission was to provide air defense of the Continental United States (CONUS). It directly controlled all active measures, and was tasked to coordinate all passive means of air defense.
Familie Leitner
Familie Leitner is an Austrian television series that ran monthly for 100 episodes on ORF from September 1958 to 1967.
It was produced by Erich Neuberg and directed by Otto Schenck.
Hans Schubert and Fritz Eckhardt published a book on the show in 1963.

It centred around the everyday lives of the Leitner family, with Mr and Mrs Leitner played by Erich Nikowits and Friedl Czepa respectively.
Mr Leitner was a grumpy but loving husband and a small businessman.
A son and daughter in law were played by Alfred Böhm and Senta Wengraf.

ORF (broadcaster)
Österreichischer Rundfunk (ORF [oːɛʁˈɛf] ⓘ; German pronunciation: [ˌøːstəʁaɪçɪʃɐ ˈʁʊntfʊŋk], lit. 'Austrian broadcasting') is the national public broadcaster and news website of Austria. Funded from a combination of television licence fee revenue and limited on-air advertising, ORF is the dominant player in the Austrian broadcast media. Austria was the last country in continental Europe after Albania to allow nationwide private television broadcasting, although commercial TV channels from neighbouring Germany have been present in Austria on pay-TV and via terrestrial overspill since the 1980s.
Yosef Blau
Yosef Blau is an American-Israeli Orthodox rabbi. He was the mashgiach ruchani at Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary from 1977 to 2025. He is also the former president of the Religious Zionists of America.

Mashgiach ruchani
A mashgiach ruchani (Hebrew: משגיח רוחני; pl., mashgichim ruchani'im), sometimes mashgiach for short, is a spiritual supervisor or guide. They are usually a rabbi who has an official position within a yeshiva and is responsible for the non-academic areas of yeshiva students' lives.
Lumber (Kristiansand)
Lumber is a neighbourhood in the city of Kristiansand in Agder county, Norway.  It is located in the borough of Vågsbygd and in the district of Vågsbygd. Lumber is a large industrial area.  It is north of Skyllingsheia, south of Trekanten, and east of Kjerrheia.

Vågsbygd
Vågsbygd is a borough and district in the city of Kristiansand which lies in the municipality of Kristiansand in Agder county, Norway. It is the largest borough and district in Kristiansand. Until 1965, Vågsbygd was a part of Oddernes municipality. The borough includes the districts of Flekkerøy, Voiebyen, Vågsbygd/Augland, and Slettheia. The Kristiansand Cannon Museum on Kroodden is an authentic fortress from World War II.

The Vågsbygd district includes many islands including Bragdøya, Andøya, Fredriksholm, and Flekkerøya (with Christiansø Fortress).
Miroslav Stevanović
Miroslav Stevanović (pronounced [mǐroslaʋ steʋâːnoʋitɕ]; born 29 July 1990) is a Bosnian professional footballer who plays as a winger for Swiss Super League club Servette.

Stevanović started his professional career at Vojvodina, who loaned him to Palić in 2009 and to Borac Banja Luka in 2010. In 2013, he was transferred to Sevilla, who sent him on loan to Elche later that year and to Alavés a year later. In 2014, he signed with Győr. The following year, Stevanović switched to Ergotelis. He joined Željezničar in 2016. A year after, he moved to Servette.

A former youth international for Bosnia and Herzegovina, Stevanović made his senior international debut in 2012, earning over 30 caps until 2023.

2018–19 Swiss Challenge League
The 2018–19 Swiss Challenge League (referred to as the Brack.ch Challenge League for sponsoring reasons) was the 16th season of the Swiss Challenge League, the second tier of competitive football in Switzerland, under its current name. The season started on 20 July 2018 and ended on 26 May 2019. The winter break was scheduled between 16 December 2018 and 1 February 2019.
Mantes-la-Jolie
Mantes-la-Jolie (French pronunciation: [mɑ̃t la ʒɔli] ⓘ, often informally called Mantes) is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France region of north-central France. It is located to the west of Paris, 48.4 km (30.1 mi) from the centre of the capital. Mantes-la-Jolie is a subprefecture of Yvelines.

Subprefectures in France
In France, a subprefecture (French: sous-préfecture) is the commune that hosts the administrative centre of an arrondissement (a primary division of a department). The commune that hosts the administrative center for the whole department is known as the prefecture. The term "subprefecture" also applies to the building that houses the administrative headquarters for an arrondissement.

The civil servant in charge of a subprefecture is the subprefect, assisted by a general secretary. Between May 1982 and February 1988, subprefects were known instead by the title Deputy Commissioner of the Republic (commissaire adjoint de la République). Where the administration of an arrondissement is carried out from a prefecture, the general secretary to the prefect carries out duties equivalent to those of the subprefect.

(The municipal arrondissements of Paris, Lyon and Marseille are divisions of the commune rather than the department. They are not arrondissements in the same sense.)