hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Colon (punctuation)
The colon, :, is a punctuation mark consisting of two equally sized dots aligned vertically. A colon often precedes an explanation, a list, or a quoted sentence. It is also used between hours and minutes in time, between certain elements in medical journal citations, between chapter and verse in Bible citations, between two numbers in a ratio, and, in the US, for salutations in business letters and other formal letters.

Bible citation
A citation from the Bible is usually referenced with the book name, chapter number and verse number. Sometimes, the name of the Bible translation is also included. There are several formats for doing so.
Móra la Nova
Móra la Nova (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈmoɾa la ˈnɔβa]) is a municipality in the comarca, or district, of the Ribera d'Ebre in Catalonia, Spain. It is situated on the left bank of the Ebre river, facing the district capital Móra d'Ebre. It is served by a Renfe railway station on the line between Tarragona and Zaragoza and by the N-420 road to Gandesa and Reus.

Comarques of Catalonia
The comarques of Catalonia (singular comarca, Eastern Catalan: [kuˈmarkə], Western Catalan: [koˈmaɾka]), often referred to in English as counties, are an administrative division of Catalonia. Each comarca comprises a number of municipalities, roughly equivalent to a county in the United States. Currently, Catalonia is divided into 42 comarques and Aran, considered a "unique territorial entity" and not a comarca.

Each comarca has a representative county council (Catalan: consell comarcal), except for Barcelonès, which abolished it in 2019, and Aran, which instead has the Conselh Generau d'Aran.

Comarques form the second-level administrative division within Catalonia, being a subdivision of vegueries (or provinces at state level).
Vision Airlines
Vision Airlines, formerly Vision Air, was an airline that had its operations headquartered in North Las Vegas, Nevada.

The airline also operated charter flights for their tour services in northern Arizona and Nevada including the Grand Canyon, Marble Canyon, Hoover Dam, and Monument Valley out of North Las Vegas Airport utilizing Boeing 737 and Dornier 228 aircraft. In addition, during the summer months, Vision Airlines transported white water rafters to various destinations along the Colorado River. They also operated charter service for TravelSpan Vacations to Georgetown, Guyana and Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago and were operating Boeing 737 jetliners on behalf of People Express Airlines until this new start-up air carrier ceased all flights.

North Las Vegas Airport
North Las Vegas Airport (IATA: VGT, ICAO: KVGT, FAA LID: VGT) is a public-use airport 3 mi (4.8 km) northwest of downtown Las Vegas in North Las Vegas, Nevada. It is owned by the Clark County Commission and operated by the Clark County Department of Aviation.

Known locally as Northtown, it is the second–busiest public use government airport in the Las Vegas area and the third busiest in Nevada. It is the primary airport in the Las Vegas area for general aviation and scenic tours, allowing Harry Reid International Airport to focus on airline flights. North Las Vegas offered limited regional airline service by Grand Canyon Scenic Airlines in the early 2000s. Many helicopter operators, including the Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department, use the airport.
Lulkowo
Lulkowo [lulˈkɔvɔ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łysomice, within Toruń County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland.
It is about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) north of Toruń. It is located in the Chełmno Land in the historic region of Pomerania.

During the German occupation (World War II), in November 1939, the German Selbstschutz murdered several Poles in the village as part of the Intelligenzaktion.

Polish motorcycle speedway rider Tomasz Chrzanowski was born in Lulkowo.

Kuyavian–Pomeranian Voivodeship
Kuyavian–Pomeranian Voivodeship (Polish: województwo kujawsko-pomorskie [vɔjɛˈvut͡stfɔ kuˈjafskɔ pɔˈmɔrskʲɛ] ⓘ) is one of Poland's 16 voivodeships (provinces).

It was created on 1 January 1999 and is situated in mid-northern Poland, on the boundary between the two historic regions, from which it takes its name: Kuyavia (Polish: Kujawy) and Pomerania (Polish: Pomorze).

Its two chief cities, serving as the province's joint capitals, are Bydgoszcz and Toruń.
101st Motorized Division "Trieste"
101st Motorized Division "Trieste" (Italian: 101ª Divisione motorizzata "Trieste") was a motorized infantry division of the Royal Italian Army during World War II. The Trieste was formed in 1939 and named for the city of Trieste. The division and its infantry and artillery regiments were based in Piacenza, while the 9th Bersaglieri Regiment was based until 1940 in Treviso and then moved to Cremona to be closer to the division. In September 1941 the Trieste was transferred to Libya for the Western Desert Campaign. The division was decimated in the Second Battle of El Alamein, but was rebuilt with the survivors of destroyed divisions. The Trieste then participated in the Tunisian Campaign until Axis forces in Tunisia surrendered to allied forces on 13 May 1943.

Motorized infantry
Motorized infantry is infantry that is transported by trucks or other motor vehicles. It is distinguished from mechanized infantry, which is carried in armoured personnel carriers or infantry fighting vehicles, and from light infantry, which can typically operate independently from supporting elements and vehicles for relatively long periods and may be airborne.
Allamanda angustifolia
Allamanda angustifolia is a species of plant in the genus Allamanda in the family Apocynaceae, which is found in Brazil, typically in Cerrado vegetation. This plant is cited in Flora Brasiliensis by Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius. Known in English as alamander, it has been widely cultivated and naturalized in Florida and elsewhere in the United States.

Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius
Carl Friedrich Philipp (Karl Friedrich Philipp) von Martius (17 April 1794 – 13 December 1868) was a German botanist and explorer. Between 1817 and 1820, he travelled 10,000 km through Brazil while collecting botanical specimens. His most important work was a comprehensive flora of Brazil, Flora Brasiliensis, which he initiated in 1840 and was completed posthumously in 1906.
Le Mans University
Le Mans University (French: Le Mans Université; formerly Université du Maine) is a public university in western France with campuses in Le Mans and Laval.

It is part of the Angers-Le Mans University Community.

Grand Ouest
The Grand Ouest is a geographical concept that can varyingly encompass a number of regions located in the western third or half of France, in the Atlantic Arc.

This territorial grouping is not formally defined and its many definitions are due in particular to the fact that it has never had its own political and administrative structure.
St Mary's Star of the Sea Catholic School
St Mary's Star of the Sea Catholic School is an Independent co-educational primary and secondary day school, located in Carnarvon, a coastal town located in the Gascoyne region of Western Australia, approximately 900 kilometres (560 mi) north of Perth.

St Mary's has a current enrolment of approximately 300 students from Year K to Year 12. The school's students come from Carnarvon itself or the surrounding areas and the school involves itself in many of the sporting and community activities in Carnarvon. There are approximately forty staff members at the school. Subsidised accommodation and other financial incentives are offered through the Catholic Education Office's Remote Area Package for Teachers.

Year 12
Year 12 is an educational year group in schools in many countries including England, Wales, Northern Ireland, Australia and New Zealand. It is sometimes the twelfth or thirteenth year of compulsory education, or alternatively a year of post-compulsory education. It usually incorporates students aged between 16 and 18, depending on the locality. It is also known as "senior year" in parts of Australia, where it is the final year of compulsory education. Year Twelve in England and Wales, and in New Zealand, is the equivalent of Eleventh grade, junior year, or grade 11 in the US and parts of Canada.
Valls de Torroella
Valls de Torroella is a singular population entity in the municipality of Sant Mateu de Bages, in Catalonia, Spain.

As of 2024 it has a population of 318 people.

Template:Singular population entities in Sant Mateu de Bages

Singular population entity
From a statistical point of view, in Spain, a singular population entity (in Spanish: entidad singular de población) is defined as "any inhabited area within a municipality, inhabited or exceptionally uninhabited, clearly differentiated within that municipality and that is known by a specific name that identifies it without the possibility of confusion", according to the definition of the National Statistics Institute.
Cabous Eloff
Jacobus Johannes Cabous Eloff (born 30 July 1998) is a South African rugby union player who last played for the Rebels in Super Rugby. His playing position is prop.

He signed for the Rebels squad in 2020.

He joined Western Province in 2025 for the Currie Cup season.

Stormers
The Stormers (known for sponsorship reasons as the DHL Stormers) is a South African professional rugby union team based in Cape Town in the Western Cape that competes in the United Rugby Championship, a trans-hemispheric competition that also involves sides from Ireland, Italy, Scotland and Wales and the domestic Currie Cup competition as the Western Province. They competed in the Super Rugby competition until 2020. They have won one major international championship, the 2021-22 United Rugby Championship, and seven South African 'conference' titles, five in the South African Conference of Super Rugby, and two in the URC equivalent, the South African Shield, while in the Currie Cup having won the competition on a record 34 occasions.
The Chemicals
"The Chemicals" is a single released by rock band Garbage for Record Store Day 2015. It features Brian Aubert (of Silversun Pickups) on co-vocals. The song was the first track recorded by the band during sessions for their sixth album, Strange Little Birds. Drummer Butch Vig described "The Chemicals" as "a very dense Garbage track".

In 2021, both "The Chemicals" and "On Fire" would be included on the deluxe edition bonus disc of Garbage's seventh album, No Gods No Masters.

No Gods No Masters
No Gods No Masters is the seventh studio album by American rock band Garbage. It was released on June 11, 2021, through the band's own label Stunvolume. The album was distributed worldwide by Infectious Music and BMG and preceded by the singles "The Men Who Rule the World", "No Gods No Masters" and "Wolves".

"This is our seventh record, the significant numerology of which affected the DNA of its content: the seven virtues, the seven sorrows, and the seven deadly sins," singer Shirley Manson explained, describing No Gods No Masters as "a critique of the rise of capitalist short-sightedness, racism, sexism and misogyny across the world."
Halls of the Things
Halls of the Things is a video game for the ZX Spectrum published by Crystal Computing in 1983. It was ported to the Amstrad CPC and Commodore 64. The player travels through seven floors of a tower, searching for seven rings, with each floor being a complex maze of corridors and rooms. Once the player has the rings they must then find the magical key hidden in the dungeon, which opens the drawbridge allowing the player to escape. To hinder the player's progress they are attacked by "things," but the player is armed with a sword, arrows, fireballs and lightning to aid you in the quest.

The game was re-released in 1984 when the company was renamed Design Design and later published as a budget title by Firebird Software. A sequel, Return of the Things, was released in late 1984.

Telecomsoft
Telecomsoft was a British video game publisher and a division of British Telecom. The company was founded by Ederyn Williams in 1984 and operated three separate labels: Firebird, Rainbird, and Silverbird. The first employee was James Leavey, seconded from elsewhere in BT, who, along with Tony Rainbird, became the driving force behind the company in the early days.
Karaimadai railway station
Karaimadai railway station (station code: KAY) is an NSG–6 category Indian railway station in Salem railway division of Southern Railway zone. It is a station in the Coimbatore suburb of Karamadai, Tamil Nadu, India. It is located between Periyanaickenpalayam and Mettupalayam.

Southern Railway zone
Southern Railway (abbreviated SR) is one of the 18 zones of Indian Railways. It is headquartered at Chennai and operates across the states of Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka , Andhra Pradesh and the union territory of Puducherry. It maintains about 5,081 km (3,157 mi) of railway lines and operates 727 railway stations.

The origin of the Southern Railway can be traced back to the mid-19th century. In 1835, the first railway track in India was constructed in Madras and became operational in 1837. The Madras Railway was formally established later in 1845. The Southern Railway was created on 14 April 1950 by merging three state railways, namely, the Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway, the South Indian Railway Company, and the Mysore State Railway and became the first railway zone of the Indian Railways.
Jan Müller (artist)
Jan Müller (December 27, 1922 – January 29, 1958) was a New York-based figurative expressionist artist of the 1950s. According to art critic Carter Ratcliff, "His paintings usually erect a visual architecture sturdy enough to support an array of standing, riding, levitating figures. Gravity is absent, banished by an indifference to ordinary experience." According to the poet John Ashbery, Müller "brings a medieval sensibility to neo-Expressionist paintings."

Figurative art
Figurative art, sometimes written as figurativism, describes artwork (particularly paintings and sculptures) that is clearly derived from real object sources and so is, by definition, representational. The term is often in contrast to abstract art:

Since the arrival of abstract art the term figurative has been used to refer to any form of modern art that retains strong references to the real world.

Painting and sculpture can therefore be divided into the categories of figurative, representational and abstract, although, strictly speaking, abstract art is derived (or abstracted) from a figurative or other natural source. However, "abstract" is sometimes used as a synonym of non-representational art and non-objective art, i.e. art which has no derivation from figures or objects.

Figurative art is not synonymous with figure painting (art that represents the human figure), although human and animal figures are frequent subjects.
Tombstone diagram
In computing, tombstone diagrams (or T-diagrams) consist of a set of “puzzle pieces” representing compilers and other related language processing programs. They are used to illustrate and reason about transformations from a source language (left of T) to a target language (right of T) realised in an implementation language (bottom of T). They are most commonly found describing complicated processes for bootstrapping, porting, and self-compiling of compilers, interpreters, and macro-processors.

T-diagrams were first used for describing bootstrapping and cross-compiling compilers by Harvey Bratman in 1961, who reshaped the diagrams originally introduced by Strong et al. (1958) to illustrate UNCOL.  Later on, others, including McKeeman et al.  and P.D. Terry, explained the usage of T-diagrams with further detail. T-diagrams are also now used to describe client-server interconnectivity on the World Wide Web. A teaching tool TDiag has been implemented at Leipzig University, Germany.

General-purpose macro processor
A general-purpose macro processor or general purpose preprocessor is a macro processor that is not tied to or integrated with a particular language or piece of software.

A macro processor is a program that copies a stream of text from one place to another, making a systematic set of replacements as it does so. Macro processors are often embedded in other programs, such as assemblers and compilers. Sometimes they are standalone programs that can be used to process any kind of text.

Macro processors have been used for language expansion (defining new language constructs that can be expressed in terms of existing language components), for systematic text replacements that require decision making, and for text reformatting (e.g. conditional extraction of material from an HTML file).
John Chamberlaine
John Chamberlaine (1745 – 12 January 1812 in Paddington Green) was an antiquary and acted as keeper of George III's drawings, coins and medals from 1791 until his death in 1812. He published prints of drawings in the Royal Collection by Holbein, Leonardo, Annibale Carracci and others, for which Francesco Bartolozzi (1728–1815) the engraver and etcher, was commissioned as a printmaker.

Paddington Green, London
Paddington Green is a green space and conservation area in the City of Westminster located off Edgware Road and adjacent to the Westway. It is the oldest part of Paddington and became a separate conservation area in 1988, having previously formed part of Maida Vale conservation area. At one time, the Green was surrounded by large Georgian houses, but now only two remain on the east side of the Green.
Philip d'Aubigny
Philip d'Aubigny, sometimes Phillip or Phillipe Daubeney (ca. 1166 – ca. 1236), a knight and royal chancellor, was one of five sons of Ralph d'Aubigny and Sybil Valoignes, whose ancestral home was Saint Aubin-d'Aubigné in Brittany. He was lord of the manor of Chewton Mendip, South Petherton, Bampton, Waltham and Ingleby and Keeper of the Channel Islands. D'Aubigny died in the Holy Land and was buried at the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem.

Chewton Mendip
Chewton Mendip is a village and civil parish in Somerset, England. It is situated 4 miles (6 km) north of Wells, 16 miles (26 km) south of Bath and Bristol on the A39 very close to the A37. The village is in a valley on the Mendip Hills, is the source of the River Chew and is therefore on the edge of the Chew Valley. The parish includes the hamlets of Bathway and Green Ore.
2019–2021 polio outbreak in the Philippines
The 2019–2021 polio outbreak in the Philippines was an epidemic. For the previous 19 years, the Philippines was free of any polio-related diseases. On September 14, 2019, the disease began to resurface through a positive test result done to a 3-year-old girl from Mindanao. After the confirmation of a second case from tests done on a 5-year-old boy, the government of the Philippines publicly declared a polio outbreak on September 19, 2019. On June 11, 2021, the WHO announced that the outbreak has ended.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the Philippines eradicated polio in 2000.

Government of the Philippines
The government of the Philippines (Filipino: Pamahalaan ng Pilipinas) has three interdependent branches: the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. The Philippines is governed as a unitary state under a presidential representative and democratic constitutional republic in which the president functions as both the head of state and the head of government of the country within a pluriform multi-party system.

The powers of the three branches are vested by the Constitution of the Philippines in the following: Legislative power is vested in the two-chamber Congress of the Philippines—the Senate is the upper chamber and the House of Representatives is the lower chamber. Executive power is exercised by the government under the leadership of the president. Judicial power is vested in the courts, with the Supreme Court of the Philippines as the highest judicial body.
Raphael Sobiehrd-Mnishovsky
Raphael Sobiehrd-Mnishovsky of Sebuzin and of Horstein (Czech: Rafael Soběhrd Mnišovský; 1580 in Horšovský Týn – 21 November 1644 in Prague) was a Bohemian lawyer and writer. He held various secretarial, diplomatic, and judicial posts under Rudolf II, Mathias, Ferdinand II, and Ferdinand III, under whom Raphael was the attorney-general.

Mnishovsky was also a poet and cryptographer, and is associated with the mystery of the Voynich manuscript. According to a 1666 letter which was stored with the manuscript, Raphael had told the letter's writer, Marcus Marci, that the manuscript had originally belonged to Rudolf, who had purchased it for 600 gold ducats.

Ducat
The ducat (/ˈdʌkət/ DUK-ət) coin was used as a trade coin in Europe from the later Middle Ages to the 19th century. Its most familiar version, the gold ducat or sequin containing around 3.5 grams (0.11 troy ounces) of 98.6% fine gold, originated in Venice in 1284 and gained wide international acceptance over the centuries. Similarly named silver ducatons also existed. The gold ducat circulated along with the Florentine florin and preceded the modern British pound sterling.
Supersonic (Jamiroquai song)
"Supersonic" is the second single from British funk/acid jazz band Jamiroquai's fourth studio album, Synkronized (1999). The song was written by Jay Kay, Toby Smith, Derrick McKenzie, Sola Akingbola, Wallis Buchanan, and Simon Katz while Jay Kay and Al Stone produced it. The track peaked at No. 22 on the UK Singles Chart and became Jamiroquai's third No. 1 on the US Dance Club Play chart.

Toby Smith
Toby Grafftey-Smith (29 October 1970 – 11 April 2017), known professionally as Toby Smith, was an English musician, most famous for being the keyboardist and co-songwriter for Jamiroquai from 1992 to 2002.
Ruan Sims
Ruan Sims OAM (born 4 February 1982) is an Australian former rugby league and rugby union footballer.

She played rugby union for Australia. She was a member of the Wallaroos squad at the 2006, and 2010 Rugby World Cup where they finished in third place. She played rugby league for Australia at the 2013 & 2017 Women's Rugby League World Cup and was part of the squad that won the tournament.

2013 Women's Rugby League World Cup
The 2013 Women's Rugby League World Cup was the fourth staging of the Women's Rugby League World Cup. The tournament was held in Great Britain from 5 July, culminating in the final between Australia and New Zealand on 14 July. It was held at Headingley, Leeds. Four teams took part and these teams were: Australia, England, France and New Zealand.