hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Homer J. Wood
Homer J. Wood was an engineer at Garrett AiResearch, who did pioneering work in gas turbine engines for aircraft applications. He won the Wright Brothers Medal in 1949 with Frederick Dallenbach for a paper discussing auxiliary turbines to supply pneumatic power for aircraft based on the Garrett GTC43/44 and GTP70 units. Wood went on to design the GTC85, one of the most widely used auxiliary power units in commercial and military aviation.

Garrett AiResearch
Garrett AiResearch was a manufacturer of turboprop engines and turbochargers, and a pioneer in numerous aerospace technologies. It was previously known as Aircraft Tool and Supply Company, Garrett Supply Company, AiResearch Manufacturing Company, or simply AiResearch. In 1964, Garrett AiResearch merged with Signal Oil & Gas, to form a company renamed in 1968 to Signal Companies. In 1985, it merged with Allied Corporation, forming AlliedSignal. In 1999 AlliedSignal acquired Honeywell and adopted the Honeywell name.
Anagenesis
Anagenesis is the gradual evolution of a species that continues to exist as an interbreeding population. This contrasts with cladogenesis, which occurs when branching or splitting occurs, leading to two or more lineages and resulting in separate species. Anagenesis does not always lead to the formation of a new species from an ancestral species.  When speciation does occur as different lineages branch off and cease to interbreed, a core group may continue to be defined as the original species. The evolution of this group, without extinction or species selection, is anagenesis.

Unit of selection
A unit of selection is a biological entity within the hierarchy of biological organization (for example, an entity such as: a self-replicating molecule, a gene, a cell, an organism, a group, or a  species) that is subject to natural selection. There is debate among evolutionary biologists about the extent to which evolution has been shaped by selective pressures acting at these different levels.

There is debate over the relative importance of the units themselves. For instance, is it group or individual selection that has driven the evolution of altruism? Where altruism reduces the fitness of individuals, individual-centered explanations for the evolution of altruism become complex and rely on the use of game theory, for instance; see kin selection and group selection. There also is debate over the definition of the units themselves, and the roles for selection and replication, and whether these roles may change in the course of evolution.
Fuqua School of Business
The Duke University Fuqua School of Business (pronounced /ˈfjuːkwə/) is the business school of Duke University, a private research university in Durham, North Carolina. It enrolls more than 1,300 students in degree-seeking programs. Duke Executive Education also offers non-degree business education and professional development programs.

Business school
A business school is a higher education institution or professional school that teaches courses leading to degrees in business administration or management.

A business school may also be referred to as school of business, school of management, management school, school of business administration, college of business, business college, or colloquially b-school or biz school.
American Conference Women's Basketball Player of the Year
The American Conference Women's Basketball Player of the Year is a basketball award given to the American Conference's most outstanding player, as chosen by the league's head coaches. The conference formed in 2013–14 after many schools departed from the original Big East Conference to form a new Big East Conference. The conference was called the American Athletic Conference from its inception up until July 21, 2025, at which time it was formally rebranded.

The first seven awards were claimed by players from UConn, which left after the 2019–20 season to join the current Big East, having won every conference game in both regular-season and tournament play during its American tenure. Breanna Stewart won the first three awards in 2014, 2015, and 2016. The following season saw the first-ever shared award, with Napheesa Collier and Katie Lou Samuelson sharing honors. Each would win the award once more as an individual.

Napheesa Collier
Napheesa Collier (/nəˈfiːsə ˈkɒljər/ nə-FEE-sə KOL-yər; born September 23, 1996), nicknamed "Phee", is an American professional basketball player for the Minnesota Lynx of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) and for the Lunar Owls of Unrivaled. Collier is also a founder of the Unrivaled basketball league along with Breanna Stewart. After playing college basketball for the University of Connecticut Huskies, Collier was drafted by the Lynx with the 6th overall pick in the 2019 WNBA draft. She has won two Olympic gold medals playing on the United States women's national basketball team in the Tokyo 2020 and the Paris 2024 games. She is also a vice president on the Women's National Basketball Players Association executive committee.
Wilburton Number One, Pennsylvania
Wilburton Number One is a census-designated place (CDP) in Columbia County, Pennsylvania, United States.  It is part of Northeastern Pennsylvania. The population was 223 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Bloomsburg-Berwick micropolitan area.

Northeastern Pennsylvania
Northeastern Pennsylvania (NEPA or Nepa; sometimes pronounced /ˈniːpɑː/ NEE-pah) is a region of the U.S. state of Pennsylvania that includes the Pocono Mountains, and the industrial cities of Scranton (the area's largest city), Wilkes-Barre, Pittston, Hazleton, Nanticoke, and Carbondale. A portion of this region is located in the New York City metropolitan area. Recently, Pennsylvania tourism boards have described Northeastern Pennsylvania as Upstate Pennsylvania.

Unlike most other parts of the Rust Belt, some of the communities are experiencing a modest population increase, and others, including Monroe and Pike counties, rank among the state's fastest growing counties.

Northeastern Pennsylvania borders the Pennsylvania Wilds to the west, the New York State Southern Tier and Hudson Valley regions to the north and northeast, Sussex and Warren counties in New Jersey to the east, and the Lehigh Valley to the south.
William Dunbar (bishop)
William Dunbar, M.A. (6 October 1661 – 7 January 1746) was a Scottish Episcopal clergyman who served as the Bishop of Moray and Ross (1727–35) and Bishop of Aberdeen (1733–1745).

He was consecrated at Edinburgh as the bishop of the dioceses of Moray and Ross on 18 June 1727 by Arthur Millar, Primus of the Scottish Episcopal Church, with bishops Gadderar and Rattray serving as co-consecrators. He also became the Bishop of the Diocese of Aberdeen on 5 June 1733, but retained Moray and Ross until 1735.

He resigned the see of Aberdeen on 4 July 1745 and died on 7 January 1746, aged 84.

Primus of the Scottish Episcopal Church
The primus of the Scottish Episcopal Church, styled "The Most Reverend the Primus of the Scottish Episcopal Church", is the presiding bishop of the Scottish Episcopal Church.  The current Primus is the Most Revd. Mark Strange who became primus on 27 June 2017.

The word primus literally means "first" in Latin and is cognate to the related episcopal title Primate.
Chain Mail (film)
Chain Mail is a 2015 Filipino mystery horror film starring Meg Imperial, Shy Carlos and Nadine Lustre. It was released on July 22, 2015, by VIVA Films. It was directed and co-written by Adolfo Alix Jr.

The film earned negative reviews from film critics.

Meg Imperial
Mary Grace "Meg" Baydal Imperial (born January 20, 1993) is a Filipino actress, dancer, singer, and model. She was known as QT in Midnight DJ when she firstly appeared in televisions in 2009, a defunct horror show of TV5. She was previously a Star Magic artist before transferring networks and is currently under Viva Artists Agency.

In December 2012, she was chosen to be the cover girl of FHM Philippines. From 2013 to 2014, she appeared in two afternoon TV series; an antagonist in Galema: Anak ni Zuma, followed by her first leading role as Ayla, "DJ Lav" who has hypertrichosis in Moon of Desire. The biggest break in her acting career was in the hit afternoon series, D' Originals in 2017.

In 2018, Meg played another lead role in the film, Jacqueline Comes Home. Rodney Torres did a photo shoot for Meg for the film.
Ludwig II (1955 film)
Ludwig II (German: Ludwig II: Glanz und Ende eines Königs) is a 1955 West German historical drama film directed by Helmut Käutner and starring O.W. Fischer, Ruth Leuwerik and Marianne Koch. It is based on the life of the nineteenth century ruler Ludwig II of Bavaria. It was entered into the 1955 Cannes Film Festival. The film was shot in technicolor at the Bavaria Studios in Munich with sets designed by the art director Hein Heckroth and Fritz Lück. Location shooting took place at the historic residences of Ludwig II Herrenchiemsee, Neuschwanstein Castle and Hohenschwangau Castle.

Herrenchiemsee
Herrenchiemsee is a complex of royal buildings on Herreninsel, the largest island in the Chiemsee lake, in southern Bavaria, Germany. Together with the neighbouring isle of Frauenchiemsee and the uninhabited Krautinsel, it forms the municipality of Chiemsee, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southeast of Munich in the district of Rosenheim.

The island, formerly the site of an Augustinian monastery, was purchased by King Ludwig II of Bavaria in 1873. The king had the premises converted into a residence, known as the Old Palace (Altes Schloss). From 1878 onwards, he had the New Herrenchiemsee Palace (Neues Schloss) erected, based on the model of Versailles. It was the largest, but also the last of his building projects, and remained incomplete. Today maintained by the Bavarian Administration of State-Owned Palaces, Gardens and Lakes, Herrenchiemsee is accessible to the public and a major tourist attraction.
1992 Volkswagen Cup Damen Grand Prix
The 1992 Volkswagen Cup Damen Grand Prix was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Fairhall 6 & 7 in Leipzig in Germany that was part of the Tier III category of the 1992 WTA Tour. It was the third edition of the tournament and was held from 27 September until 4 October 1992. First-seeded Steffi Graf won the singles title, her third consecutive at the event, and earned $45,000 first-prize money as well as 240 ranking points.

Jana Novotná
Jana Novotná (Czech pronunciation: [ˈjana ˈnovotnaː]; 2 October 1968 – 19 November 2017) was a Czech professional tennis player. She was ranked world No. 2 in women's singles by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) in 1997, and as the world No. 1 in women's doubles for 67 weeks. Novotná won the women's singles title at Wimbledon in 1998, and was runner-up in three other singles majors. She also won twelve major women's doubles titles (completing a double career Grand Slam), four major mixed doubles titles, and three Olympic medals. Novotná played a serve and volley game, an increasingly rare style of play among women during her career.
Ohio's 4th House of Representatives district
Ohio's 4th House of Representatives district is currently represented by Democrat Beryl Piccolantonio. It is located entirely within Franklin County and includes the cities of Gahanna, New Albany, Westerville, and part of Columbus, as well as Blendon, Jefferson, Plain, and Sharon townships.

Westerville, Ohio
Westerville is a city in Franklin and Delaware counties in the U.S. state of Ohio. A northeastern suburb of Columbus, its population was 39,190 at the 2020 census. The city is home to Otterbein University. It was once known as the "Dry Capital of the World" for its strict laws prohibiting sales of alcohol and for being the home of the Anti-Saloon League, one of the driving forces behind the Prohibition era at the beginning of the 20th century.
FC Nove Zhyttia Andriivka
FC Nove Zhyttya Andriivka is an amateur Ukrainian football club from Andriivka, Poltava Raion, Poltava Oblast. The head coach of the senior team between 2013 and 2014 was Oleksandr Melaschenko.

The club was founded in 2008 as a representation of a farming company "Nove Zhyttya". In 2010 the team joined Oleksandr Melaschenko along with brothers of Ruslan Rotan, Oleksiy and Petro.

In 2011 Nove Zhyttya Andriyivka won the Amateur Championship of Ukraine. The club participated in the 2013 UEFA Regions' Cup.

The club only played two seasons at the national amateur competitions.

Poltava Raion
Poltava Raion (Ukrainian: Полтавський район, romanized: Poltavs'kyi raion) is a raion (district) in Poltava Oblast of central Ukraine. The raion's administrative center is the city of Poltava. Population: 582,391 (2022 estimate).

On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Poltava Oblast was reduced to four, and the area of Poltava Raion was significantly expanded.  The January 2020 estimate of the raion population was 68,174 (2020 est.).
Tell Abyad Subdistrict
Tell Abyad Subdistrict or Tell Abyad Nahiyah (Arabic: ناحية تل أبيض)  is a Syrian nahiyah (subdistrict) located in Tell Abyad District in Raqqa.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Tell Abyad Subdistrict had a population of 44,671 in the 2004 census. The subdistrict's administrative center (seat) is the town of Tell Abyad and is controlled by the Syrian Interim Government.

Raqqa Governorate
Raqqa Governorate (Arabic: مُحافظة الرقة, romanized: Muḥāfaẓat ar-Raqqah; Kurmanji Kurdish: Parêzgeha Reqayê) is one of the fourteen governorates of Syria. It is situated in the north of the country and covers an area of 19,618 km2. The capital is Raqqa.
KVIN
KVIN (920 kHz "Punjabi Radio USA 920 AM") is a commercial AM radio station broadcasting a radio format of Punjabi language talk and Punjabi music. Licensed to Ceres, California, it serves the Stockton and Modesto radio markets. The station is owned by Balwinder Kaur Khalsa and Kilpreet Singh Khalsa, through licensee Punjabi American Media LLC. They just changed their format to Punjabi Language.

KVIN has two FM translator stations rebroadcasting its programming: 92.3 K222BX in Modesto and 107.1 K296HL in Manteca. KVIN is one of few AM radio stations that increases its power at night. By day, KVIN runs at 500 watts but at sunset, power increases to 2,500 watts. It uses a directional antenna at all times. The daytime transmitter is off Iowa Avenue in Riverdale Park and the nighttime transmitter is off Hickman Road in Hickman.

Manteca, California
Manteca (/mænˈtiːkə/ man-TEE-kə; Spanish for "lard”) is a city in San Joaquin County, California. The city had a population of 83,498 as of the 2020 Census. It is part of the Stockton-Lodi, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Eterna Inocencia
Eterna Inocencia (Everlasting Innocence) is an Argentine rock band with politically motivated lyrics and opinions. Their origin dates to 1995, in the city of Quilmes, Buenos Aires Province. They come from the hardcore punk trend of the mid-1990s. They form part of their own independent label, called Discos Del Sembrador.

Quilmes
Quilmes (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈkilmes]) is a city on the coast of the Rio de la Plata, in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, on the southeast end of the Greater Buenos Aires, being some 17 km (11 mi) away from the urban centre area of Buenos Aires. The city was founded in 1666 and is the seat of the eponymous partido (district).
43rd Gawad Urian Awards
The 43rd Gawad Urian Awards (Tagalog: Ika-4 na Gawad Urian) was held on November 10, 2020. The best Philippine films for the year 2019 were honored in the event. Nominations were announced on August 27.

Babae at Baril received the most nominations with nine. It won six awards, including Best Picture.

The Natatanging Gawad Urian was awarded to Fiel Corrales Zabat.

Gawad Urian Lifetime Achievement Award
The Gawad Urian Lifetime Achievement Award (Filipino: Natatanging Gawad Urian) is an honorary award instituted in 1977 that is presented annually by the Manunuri ng Pelikulang Pilipino to "movie actors, directors, writers, cameramen, musicians, technicians and cosmetic artists whose lifework can be held up as a standard of excellence for all."
Urbach energy
The Urbach energy, or Urbach edge, is a parameter typically denoted , with dimensions of energy, used to quantify energetic disorder in the band edges of a semiconductor. It is evaluated by fitting the absorption coefficient as a function of energy to an exponential function. It is often used to describe electron transport in structurally disordered semiconductors such as hydrogenated amorphous silicon.

Attenuation coefficient
The linear attenuation coefficient, attenuation coefficient, or narrow-beam attenuation coefficient characterizes how easily a volume of material can be penetrated by a beam of light, sound, particles, or other energy or matter. A coefficient value that is large represents a beam becoming 'attenuated' as it passes through a given medium, while a small value represents that the medium had little effect on loss. The (derived) SI unit of attenuation coefficient is the reciprocal metre (m−1). Extinction coefficient is another term for this quantity, often used in meteorology and climatology. 
The attenuation length is the reciprocal of the attenuation coefficient.
1940 Swedish general election
General elections were held in Sweden on 15 September 1940. The Swedish Social Democratic Party remained the largest party, winning 134 of the 230 seats in the Andra kammaren of the Riksdag.  It is one of two general elections in Swedish history where a single party received more than half of the vote (the other occasion being 1968).

The election took place amid World War II, with neighbouring Denmark and Norway occupied by the Nazis. The major parties were all represented in the government cabinet. Some of the parties called for a postponement of the elections due to the war. However, Per Albin Hansson said that democratic processes ought to be respected. Ben Arneson characterized the election as a "gentleman's election" free of mudslinging.

Andra kammaren
The Andra kammaren (lit. "Second Chamber", often abbreviated 'AK'; referred to in some non-Swedish sources as the Chamber of Deputies) was the lower house of the bicameral Riksdag of Sweden between 1866 and 1970 that replaced the Riksdag of the Estates. The upper house was the Första kammaren.

At the time of its abolition the chamber had 233 members, who were elected for four-year terms of office by men and women over the age of twenty. Both chambers had the same powers. At the last general election in 1968, the Social Democrats received more than half the votes.
Sergey Kolokolov
Sergey Viktorovich Kolokolov (Russian: Серге́й Ви́кторович Ко́локолов; 11 April 1962 – 25 September 2008) was a Soviet flatwater canoer who competed in the early 1980s. He won five medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with two golds (K-4 500 m: 1982, K-4 10000 m: 1981), two silvers (K-4 500 m: 1983, K-4 1000 m: 1981), and a bronze (K-4 1000 m: 1983). He later studied engineering at Kherson State University. He died at Kherson on 25 September 2008.

Kherson State University
The Kherson State University is one of the oldest state-sponsored universities in southern Ukraine, and acts as a centre of educational, scientific, pedagogical, and cultural activities.

As of 2024, Kherson State University is attended by approximately 8000 students from 23 regions of Ukraine and other CIS countries. Its faculty and staff include 18 academicians, various members of Ukrainian and foreign academies of science, 68 professors, 234 senior lecturers, 650 post-graduate students, and about 1000 lecturers and employees. Kherson State conducts scientific-educational work with institutes of higher education located in Kyiv, Odessa, and the Crimea. Its campus contains 4 educational buildings and laboratories, agricultural and biological research stations, a library, recreation zones on the Dnipro bank and on the Black Sea shore, a students' café, a students' club, a sports club, an observatory, three gymnasiums, two conference halls, and an agricultural machinery building.
Minami-ku, Fukuoka
Minami-ku (南区) is one of the seven wards of Fukuoka City, Japan. As of 2004, it had a population of 247,913 people and an area of 30.98 km2. As of 2016, the population had increased to 255,000 people with 8,200 per km2. Its name literally means "south ward." It is bordered by the central, Hakata, Jonan, and Sawara wards of Fukuoka city, and also by the cities of Nakagawa and Kasuga. Sasabaru Station within the ward is on the JR Kagoshima main line. It also has three stations on the Tenjin Ōmuta Line.

Wards of Japan
A ward (区, ku) is a subdivision of the cities of Japan that are large enough to have been designated by government ordinance.  Wards are used to subdivide each city designated by government ordinance ("designated city"). The 23 special wards of Tokyo Metropolis have a municipal status, and are not the same as other entities referred to as ku, although their predecessors were.

Wards are local entities directly controlled by the municipal government.  They handle administrative functions such as koseki registration, health insurance, and property taxation. Many wards have affiliated residents' organizations for a number of tasks, although these do not have any legal authority.
WMVY
WMVY (88.7 FM; "Mvyradio") is a non-commercial community-oriented radio station based in the town of Tisbury, Massachusetts, and licensed to serve Edgartown, both on the island of Martha's Vineyard. The station is owned by Friends of Mvyradio, Inc., and broadcasts an adult album alternative format.

Mvyradio is one of the most streamed internet radio stations in the world (consistently one of the Top 20 most-listened-to internet radio stations according to Webcast Metrics). Streams are available in multiple formats, including WMA, MP3, and RealAudio, and it is a featured station on Apple's iTunes radio tuner service.

Edgartown, Massachusetts
Edgartown is a town on Martha's Vineyard in Massachusetts, for which it is the county seat. The town's population was 5,168 at the 2020 census. It contains the census-designated place of the same name.

It was once a major whaling port, with historic houses that have been carefully preserved. Today it hosts yachting events around its large harbor. Edgartown also includes Chappaquiddick Island, a peninsula accessible by ferry.
William Richardson (1710–1758)
William Richardson (1710 – 1758) was an Irish landowner from Richhill, County Armagh.

He was High Sheriff of Armagh in 1737 and represented County Armagh in the Irish House of Commons from 1739 to his death.

He was the son of John Richardson, High Sheriff in 1715 and his wife Anne Beckett, daughter of William Beckett, Second Serjeant, and father of William Richardson, High Sheriff in 1773 and MP for Armagh 1783–1797.

Irish House of Commons
The Irish House of Commons (Irish: Teach na gComóntach, Teach na dTeachtaí) was the lower house of the Parliament of Ireland that existed from 1297 until the end of 1800. The upper house was the House of Lords. The membership of the House of Commons was directly elected, but on a highly restrictive franchise, similar to the unreformed House of Commons in contemporary Great Britain. Catholics were disqualified from sitting in the Irish parliament from 1691, even though they comprised the vast majority of the Irish population.

The Irish executive, known as the Dublin Castle administration, under the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, was not answerable to the House of Commons but to the British government. However, the Chief Secretary for Ireland was usually a member of the Irish parliament. In the Commons, business was presided over by the Speaker.

From 1 January 1801, it ceased to exist and was succeeded by the House of Commons of the United Kingdom.