hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Insurance patent
Under some patent laws, patents may be obtained for insurance-related inventions.  Historically, patents could only cover the technological aspects of a new insurance invention.  This is still the case in most countries.  In the United States, however, recent court decisions have encouraged more inventors to file patent applications on methods of doing business.  These patents may be used to get more comprehensive coverage of improvements in basic insurance processes, such as the methods of calculating premiums, reserves, underwriting, etc.  This is causing controversy in the insurance industry as some see it as a positive development and others see it as a negative development.

Underwriting
Underwriting (UW) services are provided by some large financial institutions, such as banks, insurance companies and investment houses, whereby they guarantee payment in case of damage or financial loss and accept the financial risk for liability arising from such guarantee. An underwriting arrangement may be created in a number of situations including insurance, issues of security in a public offering, and bank lending, among others. The person or institution that agrees to sell a minimum number of securities of the company for commission is called the underwriter.
Woodbridge College
Woodbridge College is a secondary school in Vaughan, Ontario, Canada. It is located in the Woodbridge district, from where it gets its name; and opened its doors in 1958 as Woodbridge High School when Woodbridge was still an independent village, and remained a public secondary school until 1991, when it became an alternative school, changing its name to Woodbridge College, with students in grades 7-OAC. In 2000, Woodbridge College's alternative school status ended and it returned to being a public secondary school with grades 9 to 12. The school's name as "Woodbridge College" remains unchanged to present day. The school's current enrolment is approximately 523 students. During the 2015 to 2016 school year, Fraser Institute ranked the school at 279 out of 740 in Ontario.

Alternative school
An alternative school is an educational establishment with a curriculum and methods that are nontraditional. Such schools offer a wide range of philosophies and teaching methods; some have political, scholarly, or philosophical orientations, while others are more ad hoc assemblies of teachers and students dissatisfied with some aspect of mainstream or traditional education.

Some schools are based on pedagogical approaches differing from that of the mainstream pedagogy employed in a culture, while other schools are for gifted students, children with special needs, children who have fallen off the track educationally or expelled from their base school, children who wish to explore unstructured or less rigid systems of learning, etc.
Rick Baccus
Rick Baccus (born August 30, 1952) is a retired Army National Guard Brigadier General. Baccus received a regular Army commission in 1974 as an Infantry Officer through the Reserve Officers Training Corps (ROTC) program and immediately entered active duty. He is most noted for commanding the Guantanamo Bay detention facility at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba in 2002.

Army National Guard
The Army National Guard (ARNG) is an organized militia force and a federal military reserve force of the United States Army. It is simultaneously part of two different organizations: the Militia of the United States (consisting of the ARNG of each state, most territories, and Washington D.C.), as well as the federal ARNG, as part of the National Guard as a whole (which includes the Air National Guard). It is divided into subordinate units stationed in each state or insular area, responsible to their respective governors or other head-of-government.

The Guard's origins are usually traced to the city of Salem, Massachusetts, in 1636. That year a regiment of militia drilled for the first time to defend a multi-community area within what is now the United States.
Dicyrtomina turbotti
Dicyrtomina turbotti is a species of springtail belonging to the family Dicyrtomidae. The species was first described by John Salmon in 1948, and is endemic to Manawatāwhi / Three Kings Islands in New Zealand.

John Salmon (entomologist)
John Tenison Salmon CBE (28 June 1910 – 4 May 1999) was a New Zealand photographer, entomologist, academic, conservationist, and author. His primary occupation was as an entomologist; first at the Dominion Museum (which later became Te Papa) and then at Victoria University College (now known as Victoria University of Wellington).
Vancouver Rape Relief & Women's Shelter
Vancouver Rape Relief & Women's Shelter is Canada's longest running rape crisis center. The shelter, located in Vancouver, British Columbia, was established in 1973 and has operated a feminist transition house since 1983, offering women shelter from men who are abusing them, including fathers, husbands, sons, pimps, johns and landlords. A member of the Canadian Association of Sexual Assault Centres (CASAC), it is an independent, non-governmental group with no connection to the criminal justice system.

Procuring (prostitution)
Procuring, pimping, or pandering is the facilitation or provision of a prostitute or other sex worker in the arrangement of a sex act with a customer. A procurer, often called a pimp if male, or a madam if female, (though the term "pimp" is often used for female procurers as well) or a brothel keeper, is an agent for prostitutes who collects part of their earnings. The procurer may receive this money in return for advertising services, physical protection, or for providing and possibly monopolizing a location where the prostitute may solicit clients. Like prostitution, the legality of certain actions of a madam or a pimp vary from one region to the next.

Examples of procuring include: helping to support trafficking a person into a country for the purpose of soliciting sex; operating a business where prostitution occurs; transporting a prostitute to the location of their arrangement; and deriving financial gain from the prostitution of another.
Voice of the People of Tunisia
The Voice of the People of Tunisia (Arabic: صوت شعب تونس Ṣawt Sha‘b Tūnis; French: La voix du peuple tunisien) is a Tunisian political party, founded in June 2014 by Larbi Nasra, a media entrepreneur, founder and former owner of Hannibal TV station and in-law of former President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali. The name is a reference to the advertising slogan of Nasra's TV station. The party's six members in the Constituent Assembly had defected from other parties. Larbi Nasra was the party's candidate in the 2014 presidential election.

Hannibal TV
Hannibal TV (Tunisian Arabic: قناة حنبعل) is a Tunisian television network. It has been broadcasting since 2005. The channel ceased operations on July 3, 2019. The channel resumed operations on October 2, 2020, but it was ceased operations again on October 29, 2020.
The channel has been resume operations again from December 28, 2021.
Miss Centre-Val de Loire
Miss Centre-Val de Loire is a French beauty pageant which selects a representative for the Miss France national competition from the region of Centre-Val de Loire. Women representing the region under various titles have competed at Miss France since 1928, although the Miss Centre-Val de Loire title was not used regularly until 2015.

The current Miss Centre-Val de Loire is Anna Valero, who was crowned Miss Centre-Val de Loire 2025 on 6 July 2025. One woman from Centre-Val de Loire has been crowned Miss France:

Flora Coquerel, who was crowned Miss France 2014, competing as Miss Orléanais

Miss France 2014
Miss France 2014 was the 84th Miss France pageant, held in Dijon on 13 December 2013. Miss France 2013, Marine Lorphelin of Burgundy crowned her successor Flora Coquerel of Orléanais (now Centre-Val de Loire) at the end of the event.

It was the first time that the pageant took place in Dijon and in the Burgundy region.

The theme of the event was "Disney", it was presented by the national director Sylvie Tellier and Jean-Pierre Foucault for the 19st consecutive year. The event was broadcast live by TF1.

The winner was Miss Orléanais, Flora Coquerel, who gave to her region its first ever Miss France title.
Guerlain
Guerlain (French pronunciation: [ɡɛʁlɛ̃]) is a French perfume, cosmetics, and skincare house which is among the oldest in the world. Many traditional Guerlain fragrances are characterized by a common olfactory accord known as the "Guerlinade".

The house was founded in Paris in 1828 by the perfumer Pierre-François Pascal Guerlain. It was run by the Guerlain family until 1994, when it was bought by the French multinational company LVMH.

Its flagship store is 68, Avenue des Champs-Elysées in Paris.

Perfumer
A perfumer is an expert on creating perfume compositions, sometimes referred to affectionately as a nose (French: nez) due to their fine sense of smell and skill in producing olfactory compositions. The perfumer is effectively an artist who is trained in depth on the concepts of fragrance aesthetics and who is capable of conveying abstract concepts and moods with compositions. At the most rudimentary level, a perfumer must have a keen knowledge of a large variety of fragrance ingredients and their smells, and be able to distinguish each one alone or in combination with others. They must also know how each reveals itself over time. The job of the perfumer is very similar to that of flavourists, who compose smells and flavourants for commercial food products.
1994 ATP Tour World Championships
The 1994 ATP Tour World Championships (also known for the singles event as the IBM-ATP Tour World Championship for sponsorship reasons) were men's tennis tournaments played on indoor carpet courts. It was the 25th edition of the year-end singles championships, the 21st edition of the year-end doubles championships, and both were part of the 1994 ATP Tour. The singles event took place at the Frankfurt Festhalle in Frankfurt, Germany, from November 14 through November 20, 1994, and the doubles event in Jakarta, Indonesia, from November 21 through November 27, 1994. Pete Sampras won the singles title.

Festhalle Frankfurt
Festhalle Frankfurt, known in English as Frankfurt Festival Arena, is a multi-purpose arena located in Frankfurt, Germany. The interior of the dome at its highest reaches a height of 40 meters. It provides an area of 5,646 square metres, offering by a variable grandstand system space for up to 8,500 people (together with the two tiers) seated, and 13,500 people unseated.
2021 Kashmir Premier League (Pakistan) squads
This is a list of the squads of the six franchise teams which competed in the 2021 Kashmir Premier League, a 20-over cricket league. The draft was planned to take place on 3 April 2021 but was later moved to 3 July due to the tournament being rescheduled from June to August. The draft took place in Islamabad. Each franchise was required to select a total of 5 emerging players. The tournament was held entirely in Muzaffarabad.

Muzaffarabad Cricket Stadium
The Muzaffarabad Cricket Stadium (a.k.a. Narol Cricket Stadium; Urdu: مظفر آباد کرکٹ اسٹیڈیم or MCS) is a cricket stadium in Muzaffarabad, Azad Kashmir. The stadium is situated near Azad Jammu Kashmir Medical College. It has hosted all the matches of the Kashmir Premier League so far.

Previously, the venue has been used as a hospital during earthquakes.
Hillary Beall
Hillary Elizabeth Beall (born January 27, 1999) is an American professional soccer player who plays as a goalkeeper for the Houston Dash of the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL). She played college soccer for the Michigan Wolverines.

Beall began her professional career at Racing Louisville FC and spent two seasons on loan from the club playing for Western United FC (A-League Women). She was named Player of the Year in her first professional season with Western United, which was also the club's inaugural season.

NWSL Challenge Cup
The NWSL Challenge Cup is an annual supercup competition organized by the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL), a division 1 women's league in the United States soccer league system. The current (2025) cup holder is the Washington Spirit, who defeated the Orlando Pride 1-1 (4-2 on penalties) on March 7, 2025.

The NWSL Challenge Cup was first announced in 2020 as a one-off, league-wide tournament to mark the league's return to action from the COVID-19 pandemic. It was the first top-tier professional sports league in the United States to restart after COVID-19 lockdowns began. Subsequently, the NWSL announced that it would return as an annual league cup tournament. Before the 2024 season, the NWSL announced that the Challenge Cup would change from a tournament to a single-game supercup.
Middle Rio Grande Conservancy District
The Middle Rio Grande Conservancy District (MRGCD) was formed in 1925 to manage the irrigation systems and control floods in the Albuquerque Basin.
It is responsible for the stretch of river from the Cochiti Dam in Sandoval County in the north, through Bernalillo County, Valencia County and Socorro County to the Elephant Butte Reservoir in the south.  It manages the Angostura, Isleta and San Acacia diversion dams, which feed an extensive network of irrigation canals and ditches.

Valencia County, New Mexico
Valencia County (Spanish: Condado de Valencia) is a county in the U.S. state of New Mexico. As of the 2020 census, the population was 76,205. The county seat is Los Lunas.

Valencia County is included in the Albuquerque Metropolitan Statistical Area.

The county was a significant bellwether region that held the longest record for predicting presidential election winners until 2020.
Jindřichov (Přerov District)
Jindřichov (German: Heinrichswald) is a municipality and village in Přerov District in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 500 inhabitants.

Jindřichov lies approximately 31 kilometres (19 mi) north-east of Přerov, 37 km (23 mi) east of Olomouc, and 244 km (152 mi) east of Prague.

Přerov
Přerov (Czech pronunciation: [ˈpr̝̊ɛrof] ⓘ; German: Prerau) is a city in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 41,000 inhabitants. It lies on the Bečva River. In the past it was a major crossroad in the heart of Moravia in the Czech Republic. The historic city centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone.
33rd Arkansas Infantry Regiment
The 33rd Arkansas Infantry (1861–1865) was a Confederate Army infantry regiment during the American Civil War. The unit served in the Department of the Trans-Mississippi from its formation in the summer of 1862 until the surrender in May 1865.

Robert G. Shaver
Robert Glenn Shaver (April 18, 1831 – January 13, 1915) was an American lawyer, militia leader, and 3 star colonel in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War, serving in several key battles in the Western Theater of the American Civil War. After the war, he became one of the first leaders of the Ku Klux Klan in Arkansas. Upon being convicted of several murders related to the Klan, he fled to the British Honduras from New Orleans on a steam ship. He spent a short period of time there, while he waited for his sister to clear his name of any wrong doing. After coming back to the United States and having his charges dropped, he served as commander of the State Guard and the Reserve Militia of Arkansas, as well the commander of the Arkansas Division of the United Confederate Veterans. Shaver spent his later life as the sheriff of Howard County, and as a lawyer until his death in 1915. a(U.C.V.).
Dejan Verčič
Dejan Verčič is a Slovene communication researcher and public relations theorist.

Dejan Verčič is Professor, Head of Department of Communication and Head of Centre for Marketing and Public Relations at the Faculty of Social Sciences of the University of Ljubljana (Slovenia), and Partner and Knowledge Director in strategic communication group Stratkom d.o.o., Slovenia.

University of Ljubljana
The University of Ljubljana (Slovene: Univerza v Ljubljani, pronounced [uniʋɛ́ːɾza w ljubljàːni], Latin: Universitas Labacensis), abbreviated UL, is the oldest and largest university in Slovenia. It has approximately 38,000 enrolled students. The university has 23 faculties and three art academies with approximately 4,000 teaching and research staff, assisted by approximately 2,000 technical and administrative staff. The University of Ljubljana offers programs in the humanities, sciences, and technology, as well as in medicine, dentistry, and veterinary science.

The university was founded in the centre of Ljubljana, where the central university building and the majority of its faculties are located. Since then, newer buildings have been constructed in the suburbs of the city.
Amédée Galzin
Amédée Galzin (1 May 1853, Parrinet, Aveyron – 14 February 1925, Parrinet) was a French veterinarian and mycologist.

In 1878 he obtained his degree from the veterinary college in Toulouse. From 1879 to 1905, he served as a military veterinarian, becoming a knight of the Legion of Honour in 1899.

With Abbé Hubert Bourdot, he was co-author of a series of publications (11 parts, 1909 to 1925) involving Hymenomycetes native to France; all parts being published in the Bulletin de la Société Mycologique de France. With Bourdot, he also wrote Heterobasidiae nondum descriptae (Descriptions of a few jelly fungi).

With Bourdot, he was the taxonomic authority of the fungi genus Oxyporus, as well as of numerous mycological species.

Jelly fungus
Jelly fungi are a paraphyletic group of several heterobasidiomycete fungal orders from different classes of the subphylum Agaricomycotina: Tremellales, Dacrymycetales, Auriculariales and Sebacinales.  These fungi are so named because their foliose, irregularly branched fruiting body is, or appears to be, the consistency of jelly.  Actually, many are somewhat rubbery and gelatinous. When dried, jelly fungi become hard and shriveled; when exposed to water, they return to their original form.

Many species of jelly fungi can be eaten raw; poisonous jelly fungi are rare [needs source] and may not even exist. However, many species have an unpalatable texture or taste. They may or may not be sought in mushroom hunting due to their taste, which is described as similar to that of soil. However, some species, Tremella fuciformis for example, are not only edible but prized for use in soup and vegetable dishes.
1985 Wimbledon Championships – Women's singles
Three-time defending champion Martina Navratilova defeated Chris Evert Lloyd in a rematch of the previous year's final, 4–6, 6–3, 6–2 to win the ladies' singles tennis title at the 1985 Wimbledon Championships. It was her sixth Wimbledon singles title and twelfth major singles title overall. It marked Evert's seventh runner-up finish at Wimbledon, the joint-most at a major (shared with Blanche Bingley, also at Wimbledon).

Blanche Bingley
Blanche Bingley Hillyard (née Bingley; 3 November 1863 – 6 August 1946) was an English tennis player. She won six singles Wimbledon championships (1886, 1889, 1894, 1897, 1898, 1900) and was runner up seven times, having also competed in the first Wimbledon championships for women in 1884.

She also won the Irish Championships three times (1888, 1894, 1897); the German International Championships twice (1897, 1900); and the South of England Championships at Eastbourne 11 times from 1885 to 1905.
Magalona
Magalona is a surname.

People with the surname include:

Enrique Magalona (1891–1960), Filipino senator

Pancho Magalona (1923–1998), Filipino actor, son of Enrique

Francis Magalona (1964–2009), Filipino rapper, son of Pancho

Maxene Magalona (born 1986), Filipino actress, daughter of Francis

Frank Magalona (born 1987), Filipino actor and rapper, son of Francis

Saab Magalona (born 1988), Filipino actress and photographer, daughter of Francis

Elmo Magalona (born 1994), Filipino actor and singer, son of Francis

Maxene Magalona
Maxene Sofia Maria Arroyo Magalona (born November 23, 1986) is a Filipino actress, model, host, and yoga instructor currently signed under ABS-CBN. A former talent of the GMA Artist Center, she was known for her portrayals of Donna Vallejo on Daddy Di Do Du (2001–2007) and Vivian Salvador on My Lover, My Wife (2011). After transferring to ABS-CBN, Magalona became known for her portrayal of Alex Acosta on Doble Kara (2015–2017).
Mahuadanr
Mahuadanr is a village Panchayat located in the Latehar district of Jharkhand state, India.

Mahuadanr is one of the two subdivisions of the district Latehar (Latehar and Mahuadanr) and one of the 9 Development Blocks, namely Latehar, Chandwa, Balumath, Bariyatu, Herhanj, Manika, Barwadih, Garu and Mahuadanr. Mahuadanr is situated 118.3 km far from its district town Latehar amidst the dense forest, hilly terrains and agricultural fields.

Local government in Tamil Nadu
Local government in Tamil Nadu consists of a three tier administrative set-up. The local bodies are classified into urban and rural. The urban bodies consisted of municipal corporations, municipalities, and town panchayats. District panchayats, Panchayat unions, and Village panchayats make up the rural administrative units. The Greater Chennai Corporation, established in 1688, is the oldest urban local body in India.
Sefaria
Sefaria is an online open source, free content, digital library of Jewish scriptural, theological, philosophical, legal, mystical, historical, and ethical texts. It was founded in 2011 by former Google project manager Brett Lockspeiser and journalist-author Joshua Foer. Promoted as a "living library of Jewish texts", Sefaria relies partially upon volunteers to add texts and translations. The site provides cross-references and interconnections between various texts. Hebrew, Aramaic, and Judeo-Arabic texts are provided under a free license in the original and in translation if available. The website also provides a tool for creating source sheets.

Sefaria is maintained by an eponymous non-profit organization, which employs 18 engineers. According to its chief data officer, Lev Israel, in 2019, the service received 250,000 unique visitors monthly. The average monthly number of users increased to 775,000 in 2024, according to the year's impact report, with users from 234 countries.

Jewish ethics
Jewish ethics are the ethics of the Jewish religion or the Jewish people. A type of normative ethics, Jewish ethics may involve issues in Jewish law as well as non-legal issues, and may involve the convergence of Judaism and the Western philosophical tradition of ethics.
Schöbel
Schöbel, Schobel, or Schoebel is a German surname. Notable people with this name include:

Aaron Schobel (born 1977), American football player

Alfred Schoebel (1911–2000), French swimmer

Anita Schöbel (born 1969), German mathematician

Charles Schoebel (1813–1888), French ethnologist, palaeographer and linguist

Elmer Schoebel (1896–1970), American jazz pianist

Frank Schöbel (born 1942), German pop singer

Franz Schöbel (born 1956), German cross-country skier

Gunter Schöbel (born 1959), German archaeologist

Jean-Pierre Schoebel (born 1949), French decathlete

Kurt Schöbel (born 1896), German sports shooter

Pierre Schoebel (born 1942), French hurdler

Simon Schobel (born 1950), Romanian handball player

Tanner Schobel (born 2001), American baseball player

Simon Schobel
Simon Schobel (born February 22, 1950) is a former Romanian handball player who competed in the 1972 Summer Olympics.

He was born in Sebeș, Alba County. In 1972 he won the bronze medal with the Romanian team. He played all six matches and scored two goals.

In 1973 he defected to West Germany after a game that his team Universitatea Cluj had played there.

In 2004 he was arrested on suspicion of tax evasion, and released in January 2005.

In 1982 he was appointed manager of the German men's national handball team, at 32 the youngest ever.

As of 2012, he was again living in Romania.