hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gao Yao (minister)
Gao Yao (traditional Chinese: 臯陶; simplified Chinese: 皋陶; pinyin: Gāo Yáo; Wade–Giles: Kao Yao), also known as jiu tao(咎陶), Gao Yao(皋繇) or Jiu Yao(咎繇), was the Minister for Law of Emperor Shun in prehistorical China according to tradition. Gao Yao became a political senior advisor of Yu the Great. His father was Shaohao. He was considered the ancestor of the imperial house of Li of the Tang dynasty, which honoured him with the posthumous name Emperor Deming (德明皇帝).

He is cited admonishing his king: "Heaven can see and hear, and does so through the eyes and ears of the people; Heaven rewards the virtuous and punishes the wicked, and does it through the people."

Some Chinese scholars have argued he is the same person as Ye the Great, said by Sima Qian to have been the father of Fei the Great who was later known as Boyi. Ye was reckoned as one of the ancestors of the House of Ying in the Qin and of the ruling house of Zhao. Gao Yao is sometimes considered the father of Boyi.

Shaohao
Shaohao (Chinese: 少皞; pinyin: Shàohào; lit. 'Lesser brightness'), also known as Jin Tian (金天), was a legendary Chinese sovereign, usually identified as a son of the Yellow Emperor. According to some traditions, such as that within the Book of Documents, Shaohao is one of the Five Emperors. His place in the mythical lineage of the Yellow Emperor has been subject to controversy. Members of the 19th–20th century Doubting Antiquity School of historians posited that Shaohao was added to the orthodox succession legend by Liu Xin as part of a politically motivated campaign revising ancient texts c. 1 AD.
Abebaia
Abebaia fasciculata is species of flowering plant in the family Sapotaceae. It is a tree native to Malesia (Borneo, Sulawesi, the Lesser Sunda Islands, Maluku, and the Philippines) and New Guinea. It is the sole species in genus Abebaia.

Malesia
Malesia is a biogeographical region straddling the Equator and the boundaries of the Indomalayan and Australasian realms. It is a phytogeographical floristic region in the Paleotropical kingdom. It was first recognized as a distinct region in 1857 by Heinrich Zollinger, a Swiss botanist and explorer. The precise boundaries used to define Malesia vary. The broadly defined area used in Flora Malesiana consists of the countries of Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Brunei, the Philippines, Timor-Leste and Papua New Guinea. The original definition by the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD) covered a similar area, but New Guinea and some offshore islands were split off as Papuasia in its 2001 version.
Memorial Hall, Vanderbilt University
Memorial Hall (formerly known as Confederate Memorial Hall) is a historic building on the Peabody College campus of Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee. It was built in 1935 as a dormitory hall for female descendants of Confederate States Army veterans. Its former name resulted in multiple lawsuits and student unrest. In August 2016, Vanderbilt announced it would reimburse the United Daughters of the Confederacy for their financial contribution and remove the word Confederate from the building.

Student protest
Student protest or campus protest is a form of student activism that takes the form of protest at university campuses. Such protests encompass a wide range of activities that indicate student dissatisfaction with a given political or academics issue and mobilization to communicate this dissatisfaction to the authorities (university or civil or both) and society in general and hopefully remedy the problem. Protest forms include but are not limited to: sit-ins, occupations of university offices or buildings, strikes etc. More extreme forms include suicide such as the case of Jan Palach's, and Jan Zajíc's protests against the end of the Prague Spring and Kostas Georgakis' protest against the Greek junta of 1967–1974.
John Horton Blades
John Horton Blades (1841–1916) was an English brick maker and Liberal politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1885 to 1886.

Blades was born at West Bromwich, the son of Brownlow W. Blades. He was a manufacturer of blue-bricks and sanitary pipes at West Bromwich. He was an alderman of West Bromwich and a temperance campaigner, being a trustee of the Gospel Blue Ribbon Mission.

Blades was elected Member of Parliament (MP) for West Bromwich at the 1885 general election, but did not defend the seat at the 1886 general election. He made no contributions during his year in parliament.

Blades lived at Oakhurst, West Bromwich and died at West Bromwich at the age of 75.

Blades married Sarah Collumbell of Derby in 1865.

1885 United Kingdom general election
The 1885 United Kingdom general election was held from 24 November to 18 December 1885. The first general election after an extension of the franchise and redistribution of seats, it saw the Liberals lose their majority.

The election saw the Liberals, led by William Gladstone, win the most seats, but not an overall majority, so a minority government was necessary. The Irish Nationalists held the balance of power between the Liberals and the Conservatives who sat with a large number of allied Unionist MPs (their name referred to their support for the Union of Great Britain and Ireland). The pressure of minority government status exacerbated divisions within the Liberals over Irish Home Rule. This led to a Liberal split that caused another general election the following year.

The 1885 election saw the first socialist party participate, with the Social Democratic Federation led by H. M. Hyndman standing three candidates. None were elected.
Brymon European Airways
Brymon European Airways was an airline formed in November 1992 by the merger of Birmingham European Airways and Brymon Airways. The latter were the original operators of the Dash 7 aircraft in the UK and conducted the trials of the type at the embryonic London City Airport.

The merger was short-lived. In 1993, Brymon European was again split up. The Brymon operations were purchased by British Airways (Brymon) and the former Birmingham European operations were purchased by Maersk Air to create Maersk Air UK Ltd.

De Havilland Canada Dash 7
The de Havilland Canada DHC-7, popularly known as the Dash 7, is a turboprop-powered regional airliner with short take-off and landing (STOL) performance. Variants were built with 50–54 seats. It first flew in 1975 and remained in production until 1988 when the parent company, de Havilland Canada, was purchased by Boeing in 1986 and later sold to Bombardier. In 2006 Bombardier sold the type certificate for the aircraft design to Viking Air, which was later reorganized as De Havilland Canada.
Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews
Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews (NDPR) is an online-only peer-reviewed academic journal published by the University of Notre Dame that contains book reviews of books in topics related to philosophy. It was established in 2002. The editors-in-chief are Gary Gutting and Anastasia Friel Gutting (aka. Stacie Gutting).

Gary Gutting
Gary Michael Gutting (April 11, 1942 – January 18, 2019) was an American philosopher and holder of an endowed chair in philosophy at the University of Notre Dame.
His daughter is writer Tasha Alexander.
Yeh Chu-lan
Yeh Chu-lan (Chinese: 葉菊蘭; pinyin: Yè Júlán; Wade–Giles: Yeh Chü-lan; born 1949) is a Taiwanese politician who served as the Vice Premier of Taiwan under the Yu Shyi-kun cabinet. She has also served as the acting Mayor of Kaohsiung, Minister of Transportation and Communications, Minister of Council for Hakka Affairs, and the secretary-general of the presidential office of Taiwan under the Chen Shui-bian government. She was the senior advisor to President Tsai Ing-wen.

Secretary-General to the President (Republic of China)
The secretary-general to the president is the highest-ranking official in the Office of the President, Republic of China, and supervises the staff of the office. The current secretary-general is Pan Men-an.
Siamese algae-eater
The Siamese algae-eater (Crossocheilus oblongus) is a species of freshwater fish in the carp family, Cyprinidae. This bottom-dwelling tropical fish is found in Mainland Southeast Asia, including the Chao Phraya and Mekong basins as well as the Malay Peninsula. Its natural habitats are streams and rivers as well as flooded forests during the rainy season.  The Siamese algae-eater should not be confused with the flying fox (Epalzeorhynchos kalopterus) or the false siamensis (Garra cambodgiensis), lacking the distinctive black bands of the former.

Mekong
The Mekong or Mekong River (UK: /miːˈkɒŋ/ mee-KONG, US: /ˌmeɪˈkɔːŋ/ may-KAWNG) is a transboundary river in East Asia and Southeast Asia. It is the world's twelfth-longest river and the third-longest in Asia with an estimated length of 4,909 km (3,050 mi) and a drainage area of 795,000 km2 (307,000 sq mi), discharging 475 km3 (114 cu mi) of water annually. From its headwaters in the Tibetan Plateau, the river runs through Southwest China (where it is officially called the Lancang River), Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, and southern Vietnam. The extreme seasonal variations in flow and the presence of rapids and waterfalls in the Mekong make navigation difficult, though the river remains a major trade route between Tibet and Southeast Asia. The construction of hydroelectric dams along the Mekong in the 2000s through the 2020s has caused serious problems for the river's ecosystem, including the exacerbation of drought.
Graham Russell Mitchell
Graham Russell Mitchell OBE, CB (4 November 1905 – 19 November 1984), was an officer of MI5, the British Security Service, between 1939 and 1963, serving as its deputy director general between 1956 and 1963. In 1963 Roger Hollis, the MI5 director general, authorised the secret investigation of Mitchell following suspicions within the Secret Intelligence Service (MI6) that he was a Soviet agent. It is now thought unlikely that Mitchell ever was a "mole". Mitchell was an International Master of correspondence chess who represented Great Britain.

Rupert Allason
Rupert William Simon Allason (born 8 November 1951) is a British former Conservative Party politician and author. He was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Torbay in Devon, from 1987 to 1997. He writes books and articles on the subject of espionage under the pen name Nigel West.
Tsukasa Shiotani
Tsukasa Shiotani (塩谷 司, Shiotani Tsukasa; born 5 December 1988) is a Japanese professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Sanfrecce Hiroshima.

Shiotani is a well-decorated player, having won 8 trophies as of 2025, and has been named in the J.League Team of the Year for three years in a row, from 2014 to 2016.

Japanese Super Cup
The Japanese Super Cup (Japanese: スーパーカップ, Hepburn: Sūpā Kappu), a.k.a. the Fujifilm Super Cup (Japanese: 富士フイルム スーパーカップ, Hepburn: Fuji Fuirumu Sūpā Kappu) for sponsorship reasons, is an annual one-match association football competition in Japan organised by J.League and the Japan Football Association. This competition serves as the season opener and is played between the reigning J1 League champions and the Emperor's Cup winners. Fuji Xerox has sponsored the competition since its inception in 1994 (rebranded as Fujifilm Business Innovation from April 2021). The match is usually played annually every February.
Almost
In set theory, when dealing with sets of infinite size, the term almost or nearly is used to refer to all but a negligible amount of elements in the set. The notion of "negligible" depends on the context, and may mean "of measure zero" (in a measure space), "finite" (when infinite sets are involved), or "countable" (when uncountably infinite sets are involved).

For example:

The set  is almost  for any  in , because only finitely many natural numbers are less than .

The set of prime numbers is not almost , because there are infinitely many natural numbers that are not prime numbers.

The set of transcendental numbers are almost , because the algebraic real numbers form a countable subset of the set of real numbers (which is uncountable).

The Cantor set is uncountably infinite, but has Lebesgue measure zero. So almost all real numbers in (0, 1) are members of the complement of the Cantor set.

Lebesgue measure
In measure theory, a branch of mathematics, the Lebesgue measure, named after French mathematician Henri Lebesgue, is the standard way of assigning a measure to subsets of higher dimensional Euclidean n-spaces. For lower dimensions , it coincides with the standard measure of length, area, or volume. In general, it is also called n-dimensional volume, n-volume, hypervolume, or simply volume. It is used throughout real analysis, in particular to define Lebesgue integration. Sets that can be assigned a Lebesgue measure are called Lebesgue-measurable; the measure of the Lebesgue-measurable set  is here denoted by .

Henri Lebesgue described this measure in the year 1901 which, a year after, was followed up by his description of the Lebesgue integral. Both were published as part of his dissertation Intégrale, Longueur, Aire in 1902.
Cashore
Cashore is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

John Cashore (born 1935), Canadian United Church minister and former politician

Kristin Cashore (born 1976), American writer

William Cashore, Scripps National Spelling Bee champion

John Cashore
John Massey Cashore (born March 26, 1935) is a United Church minister and former political figure in British Columbia. He represented Maillardville-Coquitlam from 1986 to 1991 and Coquitlam-Maillardville from 1991 to 2001 in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia as a New Democratic Party (NDP) member.

He was born in Lethbridge, Alberta, the son of John Harvey Cashore and Sarah Mildred Massey, and was educated at the University of British Columbia and Union College. In 1961, he married Sharon Elizabeth Cunliffe. They moved to Coquitlam, British Columbia, in 1973. He served in the provincial cabinet as Minister of Aboriginal Affairs, as Minister of Labour, as Minister of Environment, Lands and Parks, and briefly as Minister of Multiculturalism and Human Rights. He also served as parliamentary secretary to the Minister of Education. In 2005, he became a member of the advisory council for the Georgia Strait Alliance.
Soleilmont Abbey
Soleilmont Abbey (French: Abbaye Notre-Dame de Soleilmont) is an abbey of Trappistine nuns (O.C.S.O., or Order of Cistercians of the Strict Observance) situated in the forest and commune of Fleurus, at Gilly near Charleroi, Belgium, founded, according to tradition, in the 11th century, which became  Cistercian in 1237. The nuns were expelled as a consequence of the French Revolution in 1796, but soon re-established themselves in 1802. The community became Bernardine in 1837, and Trappist in 1919.

Gilly, Belgium
Gilly (French pronunciation: [ʒili], Walloon: Djilî) is a town of Wallonia and a district of the municipality of Charleroi, located in the province of Hainaut, Belgium.

It was a municipality of its own before the fusion of the Belgian municipalities in 1977.

It houses the base of Fédération des Patros, a youth organisation.

During the 1980s and 1990s it was also the home of an international group of Christian missionaries working with Operation Mobilisation.
Mine Kasapoğlu
Mine Kasapoğlu Puhrer (born Kasapoğlu in 1979) is a Turkish travelling freelance portrait and sports photographer. She was a former member of the national ski and snowboarding teams, also a coach of the national snowboarding team.

Sports photography
Sports photography refers to the genre of photography that covers all types of sports.

In the majority of cases, professional sports photography is a branch of photojournalism, while amateur sports photography, such as photos of children playing association football, is a branch of vernacular photography.

The main application of professional sports photography is for editorial purposes. Dedicated sports photographers usually work for newspapers, major wire agencies or sports magazines. However, sports photography is also used for advertising purposes both to build a brand and to promote a sport in a way that cannot be accomplished by editorial means.
Le Diable amoureux (ballet)
Le Diable amoureux (also known as Satanella or Love and Hell) is a ballet-pantomime in three acts and eight scenes, originally choreographed by Joseph Mazilier to the music of Napoléon Henri Reber and François Benoist. The libretto by Jules-Henri Vernoy de Saint-Georges is based on Jacques Cazotte's 1772 occult romance The Devil in Love. The work was first presented by the Ballet of the Royal Academy of Music (Paris Opera Ballet) in Paris on 23 September 1840, with Pauline Leroux (as Uriel), Mazilier (as Alvaro, for ballet his name is Frederic), and Louise Fitz-James (as Lilia).

Lev Ivanov
Lev Ivanovich Ivanov (Russian: Лев Ива́нович Ива́нов; 2 March 1834, Moscow – 24 December 1901, Saint Petersburg) was a Russian ballet dancer and choreographer and later, Second Balletmaster of the Imperial Ballet. As a performer with the Imperial Ballet, he achieved prominence after performing as an understudy in a benefit performance of La Fille Mal Gardée.  He is most famous as the choreographer of Acts II and IV of Swan Lake, which include the Dance of the Little Swans, Act II of Cinderella, and The Nutcracker, which he choreographed alongside Marius Petipa.
Canale Reale
Canale Reale is an Italian river in the province of Brindisi. The source of the river is near Francavilla Fontana. The river flows east for a distance before curving northeast near Latiano. It enters the Adriatic Sea near the Strait of Otranto between Villanova and Brindisi.

Francavilla Fontana
Francavilla Fontana (Francavillese: Francaìdda Sicilian pronunciation: [fɾaŋkaˈiɖɖa]) is a town and comune (municipality) in the Province of Brindisi, in the region of Apulia, southern Italy. It is also known as the "Town of the Imperiali" (Città degli Imperiali), referring to the Imperiali family, a noble lineage of feudal lords who ruled the area from the late 16th century until the 18th century.

As of 2017, Francavilla Fontana had a population of 36,358, making it the third most populous municipality in the province, after Brindisi and Fasano.
Florian Hempel
Florian Hempel (born 10 April 1990) is a German professional darts player and former handball player who competes in Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) events.

Hempel began his sporting career in handball, playing as a goalkeeper for Dessau-Roßlauer HV, where he made his professional debut in 2010, and later played for HC Burgenland. Achieving little success, Hempel quit the sport and began playing darts. He made his PDC European Tour debut in the 2019 Dutch Darts Masters, and gained his tour card in 2021. He has since qualified for four World Championships, reaching the last 32 on two occasions.

Darts
Darts is a competitive sport in which two or more players bare-handedly throw small sharp-pointed projectiles known as darts at a round target known as a dartboard.

Points can be scored by hitting specific marked areas of the board, though unlike in sports such as archery, these areas are distributed all across the board and do not follow a principle of points increasing toward the board's bullseye. Though a number of similar games using various boards and rules exist, the term "darts" usually now refers to a standardised game involving a specific board design and set of rules.

Darts is both a professional throwing sport and a traditional pub game.  Darts is commonly played in the British Isles, and recreationally loved around the world.
Grey elaenia
Grey elaenia refers to birds that had been considered one species and have been split into three species:

Gray-headed elaenia, Myiopagis caniceps

Choco elaenia, Myiopagis parambae

Amazonian elaenia, Myiopagis cinerea

Gray-headed elaenia
The grey-headed elaenia  or Atlantic grey elaenia (Myiopagis caniceps) is a species of bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers.  It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, and Paraguay.
Music for the Requiem Mass
Music for the Requiem Mass is any music that accompanies the Requiem, or Mass for the Dead, in the Catholic Church. This church service has inspired hundreds of compositions, including settings by Victoria, Mozart, Berlioz, Verdi, Fauré, Dvořák, Duruflé and Britten. For centuries settings of the Mass for the Dead were to be chanted in liturgical service monophonically. Later the settings became polyphonic, Victoria's famous 1605 a cappella work being an example. By Mozart's time (1791) it was standard to embed the dramatic and long Dies irae (Day of Wrath) sequence, and to score with orchestra. Eventually many settings of the Requiem, not least Verdi's (1874), were essentially concert pieces unsuitable for church service.

Catholic liturgy
Catholic liturgy means the whole complex of official liturgical worship, including all the rites, ceremonies, prayers, and sacraments of the Catholic Church, as opposed to private or collective devotions. In this sense the arrangement of all these services in certain set forms (including the canonical hours, administration of sacraments, etc.) is meant. Liturgy encompasses the entire service: prayer, reading and proclamation of the scriptures, singing, gestures, movement and vestments, liturgical colours, symbols and symbolic actions, the administration of sacraments and sacramentals.
Krakau, Saxony
Krakau (German) or Krakow (Sorbian) was a small town in what is now the district of Bautzen in Saxony, Germany. It was located within the Sorbian area, where many inhabitants traditionally speak the West Slavic Sorbian language, and it shared its name with the much larger Polish city. The town was entirely vacated in 1938 when the area became a military training area. After the war, the town was briefly repopulated, before the Soviet occupation troops again evicted the inhabitants to resume use of the area for military purposes. The town was destroyed.

Krakau had 380 inhabitants as of 1834, 430 as of 1890 and 478 as of 1938. A memorial plaque commemorates the town.

Bautzen (district)
The district of Bautzen (German: Landkreis Bautzen, Upper Sorbian: Wokrjes Budyšin) is a district in the state of Saxony in Germany. Its largest towns are Bautzen, Bischofswerda, Kamenz, Hoyerswerda and Radeberg. It is the biggest district in Saxony by area, and a member of the Neisse Euroregion.

It is bordered to the south by the Czech Republic. Clockwise, it also borders the district of Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge, the district-free city of Dresden, the district of Meißen, the state of Brandenburg, and the district of Görlitz.

The municipality's centre, north and east are part of the recognized Sorbian settlement area in Saxony. The Upper Sorbian language has an official status next to German in that area, and all villages bear names in both languages.
Božidar Kantušer
Božidar Kantušer (Bozidar Kantuser) (December 5, 1921, Pavlovski Vrh, Slovenia – May 9, 1999, Paris) was a Slovene composer of classical music. He was a Slovenian citizen and an American citizen.

Kantušer is the author of symphonic music, ballets, chamber music and solo pieces. He lived in France since 1950. He was married to the American painter Grace Renzi. Since 1968, Kantušer was the director of the International Library of Contemporary Music (B.I.M.C.). He is buried in Paris, at the Père Lachaise Cemetery.

Père Lachaise Cemetery
Père Lachaise Cemetery (French: Cimetière du Père-Lachaise [simtjɛʁ dy pɛʁ laʃɛːz], formerly Cimetière de l'Est, lit. 'Cemetery of the East') is the largest cemetery in Paris, France, at 44 hectares (110 acres). With more than 3.5 million visitors annually, it is the most visited necropolis in the world.

The Père Lachaise is located in the 20th arrondissement and was the first garden cemetery, as well as the first municipal cemetery in Paris. It is also the site of three World War I memorials. The cemetery is located on the Boulevard de Ménilmontant. The Paris Métro station Philippe Auguste on Line 2 is next to the main entrance, while the station Père Lachaise, on both Line 2 and Line 3, is 500 m (1,640 ft) away near a side entrance.