hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sumner Twiss
Dr. Sumner Twiss was Distinguished Professor of Human Rights, Ethics, and Religion at Florida State University, where he held joint appointments in the Department of Religion and the Center for the Advancement of Human Rights.  He served as a Professor of Religious Studies at Brown University.  He was a leading authority on theories of religion and comparative religious ethics, and served as Co-Editor of the Journal of Religious Ethics (Blackwell Publishing) and Senior Editor of a book series, Advancing Human Rights (Georgetown University Press).

He was a: Post-Doctoral Fellow of the Society for Values in Higher Education; Fellow of the Institute of Society, Ethics, and the Life-Sciences. He co-directed a Summer Seminar for College Teachers, directed a National Endowment for the Humanities Award, and directed the Chiang Ching-kuo Foundation Award for International Scholarly Exchange.

Chiang Ching-kuo Foundation
The Chiang Ching-kuo Foundation for International Scholarly Exchange (CCKF; Chinese: 蔣經國國際學術交流基金會) is a private nonprofit organization located in Taipei, Taiwan, that provides support for research grants on Chinese studies in the humanities and social sciences at overseas institutions.  It was founded in 1989 and named after Chiang Ching-kuo, the late President of the Republic of China from 1972 to 1988.   The foundation also has a regional office in McLean, Virginia in the United States.
Türkmenbaşy Gulf
The Türkmenbaşy Gulf or Türkmenbaşy Aýlagy or Türkmenbaşy Bay (Turkmen: Türkmenbaşy aýlagy, Russian: залив Туркменбашы) is a bay of the Caspian Sea in the coast of Turkmenistan.

With the Türkmenbaşy Peninsula to the north and the Cheleken Peninsula to the south, the gulf extends westwards into the sea for 46 km and has an 18 km wide mouth. At its northwest corner are the Bala-Ishem salt marshes which mark the mouth of the dried-up Uzboy River. It became part of the Hazar Nature Reserve in 1968 and was designated as a Ramsar site in 2008. Among the animals in the bay the Krasnovodsk herring (Alosa braschnikowi nirchi) and the Caspian seal deserve mention.

Hazar State Nature Reserve
Hazar Nature Reserve (Turkmen: Hazar goraghanasy) is a nature reserve (zapovednik) of Turkmenistan.

It is located on the south-east coast of the Caspian Sea, in Balkan Province and covers an area of 2,690 km2. Ogurjaly Sanctuary is part of this nature reserve.

The climate is continental, the average annual temperature is 15 degrees Celsius.
Subcutaneous abscess
A subcutaneous abscess is an abscess located in the subcutaneous tissue (also hypodermis). The abscess is formed due to a hypodermal infection by a bacterium, a fungus or a parasite. Typically, this kind of abscess needs drainage, usually for a minimum of 24 hours, by means of gauze packing or a Penrose drain.

Penrose drain
A Penrose drain is a soft, flexible rubber tube used as a surgical drain, to prevent the buildup of fluid in a surgical site. It belongs to the "passive" type of drain, the other broad type being "active". The Penrose drain is named after American gynecologist Charles Bingham Penrose (1862–1925).
Fregona
Fregona is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Treviso in the Italian region Veneto, located about 60 kilometres (37 miles) north of Venice and about 40 km (25 mi) north of Treviso. t is a scattered municipality as the municipal seat is the Mezzavilla hamlet.

Fregona borders the following municipalities: Caneva, Cappella Maggiore, Cordignano, Alpago, Sarmede, Tambre, Vittorio Veneto.

Province of Treviso
The province of Treviso (Italian: provincia di Treviso) is a province in the Veneto region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Treviso. The province is surrounded by Belluno in the north, Vicenza in the west, Padua in southwest, Venice in the south-east and Friuli-Venezia Giulia in the east. The current President of Treviso province is Stefano Marcon, elected in December 2021 for second term. He is also the current mayor of Castelfranco Veneto.
Laillé
Laillé (French pronunciation: [laje]; Breton: Lalieg) is a commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department in Brittany in northwestern France.

Laillé joined the intercommunality Rennes Métropole on 1 July 2012.

Ille-et-Vilaine
Ille-et-Vilaine (French: [il e vilɛn] ⓘ; Gallo: Ill-e-Vilaenn; Breton: Il-ha-Gwilen) is a department of France, located in the region of Brittany in the northwest of the country. It is named after its two main rivers, the Ille and the Vilaine. It had a population of 1,079,498 in 2019.
Melhus IL
Melhus Idrettslag is a Norwegian sports club from Melhus Municipality in Trøndelag county. It has sections for association football, team handball, volleyball, orienteering, Nordic skiing, weightlifting, and powerlifting.

It was established on 28 February 1898.

The men's football team last played in the Second Division in 1996. The football teams of Melhus IL and Tiller IL started a cooperation after the 2012 season, and the team that was known as Melhus/Tiller in the 2013 season was promoted to the Second Division. Ahead of the 2014 season, the cooperation evolved into an own club which was named Rødde FK.

Melhus Municipality
Melhus is a municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is part of the Gauldalen region. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Melhus. Other villages include Gåsbakken, Hovin, Korsvegen, Kvål, Ler, Lundamo, Storsand, and Øysand.

The 694-square-kilometre (268 sq mi) municipality is the 166th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Melhus Municipality is the 74th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 17,560. The municipality's population density is 25.3 inhabitants per square kilometre (66/sq mi) and its population has increased by 10.8% over the previous 10-year period.

Agriculture is important in Melhus Municipality. The extensive lowland areas in the almost flat valley surrounding the Gaula River are dominated by grain fields. Many inhabitants work in the nearby city of Trondheim, a 20-minute drive north from Melhus.
Twafeaj
Twafeaj (22 February 1989 – after 2007) was an American-bred, British-trained Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare. In a racing career which lasted from May 1991 until October 1992 she ran fourteen times in four different countries and won three races. As a juvenile in 1991 she finished second in the Princess Margaret Stakes before recording her biggest win in the Group 1 Moyglare Stud Stakes. As a three-year-old she struggled for form early in the year but did much better when switched to sprint races, winning the Prix de Meautry as well as being placed in the Prix Maurice de Gheest and the Goldene Peitsche. She had little success as a broodmare, producing only two minor winners.

Moyglare Stud Stakes
The Moyglare Stud Stakes is a Group 1 flat horse race in Ireland open to two-year-old thoroughbred fillies. It is run at the Curragh over a distance of 7 furlongs (1,408 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in late August or early September.
Benthophilus pinchuki
Benthophilus pinchuki, Pinchuk's pugolovka, is a species of gobiid fish found along the eastern and western coasts of the Caspian Sea, but absent on the middle part. This species has been recorded along the western coast from the Absheron to Iran, and along the eastern coast near the Cape Bely Bugor (Akdepe, Akpatlawuk), Turkmenistan.

It was described initially as a subspecies of Benthophilus ctenolepidus, but later considered an independent species. The specific name honours the Russian ichthyologist Vitaly Iustinovich Pinchuk (1931–1992) of the USSR Academy of Sciences. In 1979 Pinchuk had collaborated with Ragimov in the description of Benthophilus svetovidovi.

Absheron District
40°27′26″N 49°44′18″E﻿ / ﻿40.457182°N 49.738348°E﻿ / 40.457182; 49.738348

Absheron District (Azerbaijani: Abşeron rayonu) is one of the 66 districts of Azerbaijan. Located in the east of the country, it belongs to the Absheron-Khizi Economic Region. The district borders the districts of Khizi, Gobustan, Baku, Hajigabul, Salyan, and the city of Sumgait. Its capital and largest city is Khyrdalan. As of 2024, the district had a population of 432,816. Although the district shares the same name as the Absheron Peninsula, the area covered by the district is not conterminous, being further west and mostly inland.
2005 Epsom Derby
The 2005 Epsom Derby was a horse race which took place at Epsom Downs on Saturday 4 June 2005. It was the 226th running of the Derby, and it was won by the pre-race favourite Motivator. The winner was ridden by Johnny Murtagh and trained by Michael Bell.

Lingfield Derby Trial
The Lingfield Derby Trial Stakes is a Listed flat horse race in Great Britain open to three-year-old colts and geldings. It is run over a distance of 1 mile, 3 furlongs and 133 yards (2,334 metres) at Lingfield Park in May.
Rig 'n' Roll
Rig'n'Roll is an open world truck driving simulation and racing video game released on 27 November 2009 in Russia and during 2010 in the rest of the world. It simulates truck driving and management along with associated business strategic activities, and features North American trucks. The game takes place in California and Nevada, in the year 2014.

The game was published by 1C and developed by SoftLab-NSK's Igor Belago, who was inspired by games like Grand Theft Auto. Rig'n'Roll also includes a program for the creation of skins for trucks, license plates, and trailers. Gameplay modes include racing, single-player missions, regular truck driving, and free cruising.

Racing
In sports, racing is a competition of speed, in which competitors try to complete a given task in the shortest amount of time. Typically this involves traversing some distance, but it can be any other task involving speed to reach a specific goal.

A race may be run continuously to finish or may be made up of several segments called heats, stages or legs. A heat is usually run over the same course at different times. A stage is a shorter section of a much longer course or a time trial.

Early records of races are evident on pottery from ancient Greece, which depicted running men vying for first place. A chariot race is described in Homer's Iliad.
Portal North Bridge
The Portal North Bridge is a railroad bridge under construction to replace the original Portal Bridge, which carries the Northeast Corridor (NEC) over the Hackensack River.  It is located in Kearny and Secaucus, New Jersey west of Secaucus Junction and east of the Sawtooth Bridges. The bridge will be used by Amtrak and NJ Transit services.

The new bridge is part of the Gateway Program to rehabilitate and expand the NEC between Newark Penn Station and New York Penn Station. It is fixed span with a vertical clearance of 50 feet (15 m) above mean water level and would allow train speeds of at least 90 mph (140 km/h).

Clearance (civil engineering)
In civil engineering, clearance refers to the difference between the loading gauge and the structure gauge in the case of railroad cars or trams, or the difference between the size of any vehicle and the width/height of doors, the width/height of an overpass or the diameter of a tunnel as well as the air draft under a bridge, the width of a lock or diameter of a tunnel in the case of watercraft. In addition, there is the difference between the deep draft and the stream bed or sea bed of a waterway.

For roadways and waterways, the clearance is typically specified as the width/height of a structure that the vehicle needs to pass instead of the difference between the vehicle and the structure.
Halegrapha floridana
Halegrapha floridana is a species of script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. It forms a thin, yellowish-white crust on tree bark and produces black, elongated, slit-like fruiting bodies. The species is known only from an old-growth cypress swamp in southern Florida.

Script lichen
A script lichen, or graphid lichen, is a member of a group of lichens which have spore producing structures that look like writing on the lichen body. The structures are elongated and narrow apothecia called lirellae, which look like short scribbles on the thallus. "Graphid" is derived from Greek for "writing". An example is Halegrapha mucronata.
2019 AMA Supercross Championship
The 2019 AMA Supercross Championship was an American motorcycle racing championship that took place from January 5, 2019 - May 4, 2019 over 17 rounds at various stadiums across the United States.

Cooper Webb, riding a KTM, won the championship in the 450cc class while Dylan Ferrandis won in the 250cc Western Regional class and Chase Sexton won in the 250cc Eastern Regional class.

KTM
KTM AG (German pronunciation: [kˌɑːtˌeːˈɛm]) is an Austrian motorcycle, bicycle and motorsports brand. It traces its foundation to 1934 as Kronreif & Trunkenpolz Mattighofen. Today, Bajaj Mobility AG (formerly Pierer Mobility AG) operates as the manufacturer of KTM-branded motorcycles, and KTM Fahrrad GmbH operates as the manufacturer of KTM-branded bicycles.

KTM is known for its off-road motorcycles and as a reputed MotoGP constructor.

In November 2025, it was announced that Bajaj Auto had completed the acquisition of a controlling stake in KTM for €800 million, increasing its indirect holding to approximately 75%.
Ocurí, Potosí
Ocurí is a town in the Bolivian Potosí Department.

Ocurí is the administrative center of the Ocurí Municipality in the Chayanta Province. It is located about 100 km north of Potosí, the department capital, on a mountain ridge at an elevation of 4,026 m on Río Ocurí, a tributary of Río Guadalupe and Río Guadalajara.

Ocurí is situated on Route 6, the direct connection between Oruro and Sucre. Route 6 of almost 1,000 km length connects the departments of Chuquisaca, Santa Cruz, Potosí und Oruro with each other.

Ocurí has a population of about 2,200 inhabitants.

Oruro Department
Oruro (Spanish pronunciation: [oˈɾuɾo]; Quechua: Uru Uru; Aymara: Ururu) is a department of Bolivia, with an area of 53,588 km2 (20,690 sq mi). Its capital is the city of Oruro. According to the 2012 census, the Oruro department had a population of 494,178.
Chico Arnéz
Chico Arnéz (real name John Claude Davies) was a London-based Latin bandleader of the 1960s and 1970s. Arnez also played bongo drums and authored a textbook on bongo playing (1959).

Arnéz was born in England. He married Margaret Ketchell, with whom he had two children.

He managed the singer Blanche Finlay.

Bandleader
A bandleader is the leader of a music group such as a dance band, rock or pop band or jazz quartet. The term is most commonly used with a group that plays popular music as a small combo or a big band, such as one which plays jazz, blues, rhythm and blues or rock and roll music. Most bandleaders are also performers with their own band, either as singers or as instrumentalists, playing an instrument such as electric guitar, piano, or other instruments.
Tom Hambridge
Thomas Jay Hambridge (born December 20, 1960) is an American rock, country, and blues, producer, songwriter, musician drummer and vocalist. Hambridge has received two Grammy Awards, an ASCAP award, seven Grammy nominations, seven Boston Music Awards, and has been inducted into the Buffalo Hall of Fame. In December 2015, Hambridge was given the key to his hometown of Buffalo, New York with Mayor Byron Brown declaring December 28 "Tom Hambridge Day." Hambridge's songs have been recorded by several notable artists and have been featured in movie productions, commercials and television programs. He has been referred to as "The White Willie Dixon" by Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Inductee Buddy Guy and Susan Tedeschi's "Secret Weapon".

Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Blues Album
The Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Blues Album was awarded from 1988 to 2011 and from 2017 onwards. Until 1992 the award was known as Best Contemporary Blues Performance and in 1989 was awarded to a song rather than to an album.

The award was discontinued after the 2011 Grammy season in a major overhaul of Grammy categories. From 2012 onwards, the category was merged with the Best Traditional Blues Album category to form the new Best Blues Album category. However, in 2016 the Grammy organisation decided to revert the situation back to the pre-2012 era, with two separate categories for traditional and contemporary blues recordings respectively.

Years reflect the year in which the Grammy Awards were handed out, for music released in the previous year. Buddy Guy and Keb' Mo hold the record of most wins in the category with four each, followed by Robert Cray, Stevie Ray Vaughan, Taj Mahal and Fantastic Negrito, all with three wins.
Gina Capellmann
Gina Capellmann-Lütkemeier (born February 15, 1960, in Würselen) is a German equestrian and trainer. She won a golden team medal in team dressage at the 1986 World Dressage Championships in Cedar Valley and a golden team medal at the 1987 European Dressage Championships in Goodwood.

Capellmann is the older sister of Olympic, World and European Champion Nadine Capellmann and mother of Fabienne Müller-Lütkemeier, who was part of the golden team at the 2014 FEI World Equestrian Games and the 2013 European Dressage Championships and also served as reserve member for the German team during the 2012 Olympics.

Goodwood House
Goodwood House is a Grade I listed country house, set within a 4,900 hectares (49 km2) estate in Westhampnett, Chichester, West Sussex, England. The house in its present iteration is built around an existing Jacobean house, dating to 1617, to which a north and south wing were added during the eighteenth century. Since 1697, it has been the principal seat of the Dukes of Richmond. The estate hosts horse racing, motor racing and other events.
Operation Finney Hill
Operation Finney Hill was a security operation during the Vietnam War conducted by the 198th Light Infantry Brigade and later the 11th Infantry Brigade, 23rd Infantry Division in Quảng Ngãi Province from 10 March to 1 July 1971.

198th Infantry Brigade (United States)
The 198th Infantry Brigade, was first formed as part of the United States Army Reserve's 99th Division. It was active from 1967 through 1971 and has been active since 2007 as an Infantry Training Brigade as part of the US Army Infantry School at Fort Benning, Georgia.
2002 Grand Prix SAR La Princesse Lalla Meryem – Doubles
Lubomira Bacheva and Åsa Svensson were the defending champions, but both players chose to compete at Palermo in the same week.

Petra Mandula and Patricia Wartusch won the final title by defeating Gisela Dulko and Conchita Martínez Granados 6–2, 6–1.

Gisela Dulko
Gisela Dulko (Spanish pronunciation: [xiˈsela ˈðulko]; born 30 January 1985) is an Argentine former tennis player. Although she enjoyed modest success in singles, reaching a career-high ranking of world No. 26 and winning four WTA titles, her speciality was doubles, where she achieved the world No. 1 ranking and won 17 WTA titles. Partnering with Flavia Pennetta, Dulko won the 2010 WTA Tour Championships and the 2011 Australian Open. She also reached the mixed-doubles final at the 2011 US Open, with Eduardo Schwank. During her career, Dulko upset a number of top players on the tour, including Maria Sharapova in the second round of Wimbledon in 2009, Samantha Stosur in the third round of Roland Garros in 2011, and Martina Navratilova in the second round of Wimbledon in 2004 and in Navratilova's final Grand Slam singles match.

Dulko retired from professional tennis on 18 November 2012, aged 27.
Vince Sinagra
Vincent Sinagra (born c. 1952) is an American football coach. He is the chief of staff for the Rhode Island Rams football team; a position he has held since 2022. He previously was the chief of staff for Temple and Georgia Tech and was the athletic director for Milford Academy. He was the head coach for the Anna Maria Amcats football team from 2012 to 2016. He also coached for Rhode Island, Milford Academy, Hofstra, Fordham, Holy Cross, Stony Brook, VMI, and Norfolk State. He played college football for Rhode Island as a defensive tackle and professionally for the Philadelphia Bell of the World Football League (WFL) and the Toronto Argonauts of the Canadian Football League (CFL).

Philadelphia Bell
The Philadelphia Bell was a franchise in the World Football League, which operated in 1974 and a portion of a season in 1975. The Bell played their home games in 1974 at JFK Stadium in South Philadelphia. The team logo was a representation of the Liberty Bell. In 1975 the team decided to stop playing at JFK and moved its games to Franklin Field.
Western Leone
Western Leone is a Western-style theme park in the province of Almeria, Andalusia (Spain). Located at the 378.9 km mark on the A-92 motorway, it is the smallest of three such theme parks in the Tabernas Desert; the other two are Mini Hollywood and Texas Hollywood.

Western Leone was originally built to film Sergio Leone's Once Upon a Time in the West (1968); the large red house, around which many of the scenes in the film revolve, is maintained as an attraction, along with other buildings of a Western town. It has also been used to film other Spaghetti Westerns.

In 1970, a fortress was built a short distance from Western Leone. This structure was used as a set for El Condor and later films. The fortress had fallen into disrepair by 1986.

As of March 2022, it is for sale 2.5 million euros (86.000m2).

El Condor (film)
El Condor is a 1970 American Western film directed by John Guillermin. Luke (Jim Brown) and Jaroo (Lee Van Cleef) lead a band of Apaches (including Iron Eyes Cody) against a fortress commanded by Chavez (Patrick O'Neal). The fortress is said to contain the gold reserves of Emperor Maximilian.

The movie was shot in 35mm Technicolor in Almería, Spain, and involved the construction of the huge adobe fortress set that was re-used in later films, including Conan the Barbarian (1982) and March or Die (1977). El Condor was among the first movies rated R (for violence, explicit language, and nudity).
Zygoballus gracilipes
Zygoballus gracilipes is a species of jumping spider which occurs in South America. It was first described by the biologist Jocelyn Crane in 1945. The type specimens are housed at The American Museum of Natural History in New York City.

The species has been collected from Kartabo, Guyana, and Bernardo de Irigoyen, Argentina.

Bernardo de Irigoyen, Misiones
Bernardo de Irigoyen is a city in the province of Misiones, Argentina. It has 10,889 inhabitants as per the 2001 census [INDEC], and is the head town of the General Manuel Belgrano Department. It carries the name of prominent politician and diplomat Bernardo de Irigoyen.
Willow Creek Intercity
Willow Creek Intercity is a transit system in the United States that provides commute trips between Willow Creek and Arcata, California, during weekdays and Saturdays. The service is operated by the Redwood Transit System and is overseen by Humboldt Transit Authority. The service provides a connection to Trinity Transit and KTNET in Willow Creek.

The route has undergone several changes. As of October 16th, 2023, the Willow Creek Intercity route expanded to provide trips to Blue Lake. As of March 3rd, 2025, the routes name was officially changed to North State Express 299, as part of a wider effort by the Humboldt Transit Authority to coordinate intercity transit with other transit authorities. On December 5th, 2025, the schedule was changed slightly.

Arcata, California
Arcata (/ɑːrˈkeɪ.tə/; Wiyot: Goudi’ni; Yurok: Oket'oh) is a city adjacent to the Arcata Bay (northern) portion of Humboldt Bay in Humboldt County, California, United States. At the 2020 census, Arcata's population was 18,857. Arcata was first founded in 1850 as Union, was officially established in 1858, and was renamed Arcata in 1860. It is located 280 miles (450 km) north of San Francisco (via Highway 101), and is home to California State Polytechnic University, Humboldt. Arcata is also the location of the Arcata Field Office of the Federal Bureau of Land Management, which is responsible for the administration of natural resources, lands and mineral programs, including the Headwaters Forest, on approximately 200,000 acres (810 km2) of public land in Northwestern California.