hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Economists for Free Trade
Economists for Free Trade, previously (before the referendum on Brexit) called Economists for Brexit, is a lobbying group that promoted a no-deal Brexit, which is the situation where the United Kingdom leaves the European Union without a corresponding  withdrawal agreement treaty. They believe the UK is better off trading on the terms of the World Trade Organization rather than within the single market and customs union. Economists for Free Trade is one of few organisations predicting a positive economic impact of a no-deal Brexit.

Led by Professor Patrick Minford, the group maintained close ties to pro-Brexit Conservative MPs. Its website was discontinued during 2021, but its advisory board was said to include Jacob Rees-Mogg, Owen Paterson, Matt Ridley and David Jones.

David Jones (Clwyd West MP)
David Ian Jones (born 22 March 1952) is a former British Conservative Party politician, now Reform UK member and former solicitor who briefly served as a Welsh Assembly Member for North Wales between 2002 and 2003, and then as Member of Parliament (MP) for Clwyd West from 2005 to 2024. He sat in the Cabinet as Secretary of State for Wales from 2012 to 2014, making him the first Secretary of State for Wales to have served as an Assembly Member.
Ellery Queen and the Perfect Crime
Ellery Queen and the Perfect Crime is a 1941 American mystery film directed by James P. Hogan and written by Eric Taylor. The film was loosely based on the 1938 novel The Devil to Pay by Ellery Queen. It stars Ralph Bellamy, Margaret Lindsay, Charley Grapewin, Spring Byington, H. B. Warner and James Burke. The film was released on August 14, 1941, by Columbia Pictures.

Eric Taylor (screenwriter)
Eric Taylor (June 17, 1897 – September 8, 1952) was an American screenwriter with over fifty titles to his credit. He began writing crime fiction for the pulps before working in Hollywood. He contributed scripts to The Crime Club, Crime Doctor, Dick Tracy, Ellery Queen, and The Whistler series, as well as six Universal monster movies.
Lyubomir Lyubenov (canoeist)
Lyubomir Lyubenov (Bulgarian: Любомир Любенов, born 26 August 1957) is a Bulgarian sprint canoeist who competed in the late 1970s and early 1980s. At the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, he won a gold in the C-1 1000 m event and a silver in the C-1 500 m event.

Born in Plovdiv, Lyubenov won four medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with a gold (C-1 500: 1978), a silver (C-1 1000 m: 1979), and two bronzes (C-1 500 m: 1979, C-2 500 m: 1981).

Plovdiv
Plovdiv (Bulgarian: Пловдив, pronounced [ˈpɫɔvdif]) is the second-largest city in Bulgaria and the most populous city in the Bulgarian part of the historic region of Thrace, located 144 km (93 miles) southeast of the capital Sofia. It had a population of 329,489 as of 2024 and 540,000 in its greater metropolitan area. An important economic, transport, cultural, and educational hub of Bulgaria, Plovdiv was the European Capital of Culture in 1999 and 2019, and joined the UNESCO Global Network of Learning Cities in 2016.
Islam in Thailand
Islam has a historical presence in Thailand, where Thai Muslims are the largest religious minority in the country. Figures vary according to different sources. Some reports mention a figure as high as 5.4% of Thailand's population. Back in 2022, USA government sources suggested a 5.4% figure. A 2023 Pew Research Center survey suggested a 7% figure.  According to a Thailand government source, as of  2024 there are approximately 7.5 million Thai Muslims in the kingdom, or approximately about 12% of the overall population.

Most Thai Muslims are Sunni Muslims, although Thailand has a diverse population with diverse background.

Pew Research Center
The Pew Research Center (also simply known as Pew) is a nonpartisan American think tank based in Washington, D.C. It provides information on social issues, public opinion, and demographic trends shaping the United States and the world. It also conducts public opinion polling, demographic research, random sample survey research, and panel based surveys,  media content analysis, and other empirical social science research.

The Pew Research Center states it does not take policy stances. It is a subsidiary of the Pew Charitable Trusts and a charter member of the American Association of Public Opinion Research's Transparency Initiative.
Trevor Wooley
Trevor Dion Wooley is a British mathematician, the Andris A. Zoltners Distinguished Professor of Mathematics at Purdue University.  His fields of interest include analytic number theory, Diophantine equations and Diophantine problems, harmonic analysis,
the Hardy-Littlewood circle method, and the theory and applications of exponential sums.  He has made significant breakthroughs on Waring's problem, for which he was awarded the Salem Prize in 1998.

Analytic number theory
In mathematics, analytic number theory is a branch of number theory that uses methods from mathematical analysis to solve problems about the integers. It is often said to have begun with Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet's 1837 introduction of Dirichlet L-functions to give the first proof of Dirichlet's theorem on arithmetic progressions. It is well known for its results on prime numbers (involving the Prime Number Theorem and Riemann zeta function) and additive number theory (such as the Goldbach conjecture and Waring's problem).
Fritz Loewe
Fritz Loewe (11 March 1895 in Schöneberg  - 27 March 1974 in Heidelberg, Victoria) was a German polar explorer, glaciologist, geophysicist and meteorologist.

After emigrating from Nazi Germany he founded the first Meteorological Institute in Australia at the University of Melbourne.

Adélie Land
Adélie Land (French: Terre Adélie [tɛʁ adeli]) or Adélie Coast is a claimed territory of France located on the continent of Antarctica. It stretches from a portion of the Southern Ocean coastline all the way inland to the South Pole. France has administered it as one of five districts of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands since 1955 and applied the Antarctic Treaty System rules since 1961. Article 4 of the Antarctic Treaty deals with territorial claims, and although it does not renounce or diminish any preexisting claims to sovereignty, it also does not prejudice the position of contracting parties in their recognition or non-recognition of territorial sovereignty. France has had a permanent station in Adélie Land since 9 April 1950.
Subartu
The land of Subartu (Akkadian: Šubartum/Subartum/ina Šú-ba-ri, Assyrian: mât Šubarri) or Subar (Sumerian: Su-bir4/Subar/Šubur, Ugaritic: 𐎘𐎁𐎗 ṯbr) is mentioned in Bronze Age literature and was inhabited by the Subarians. The name also appears as Subari in the Amarna letters, and, in the form Šbr, in Ugarit.

Subartu was apparently a kingdom in Upper Mesopotamia, at the upper Tigris and later it referred to a region of Mesopotamia. Most scholars suggest that Subartu is an early name for people of upper Mesopotamia proper on the Tigris and westward, although there are various other theories placing it sometimes a little farther to the east and/or north. Its precise location has not been identified. 
From the point of view of the Akkadian Empire, Subartu marked the northern geographical horizon, just as Amurru, Elam and Sumer marked "west", "east" and "south", respectively, functioning as a term to mean 'north'.

Tigris
The Tigris (/ˈtaɪɡrɪs/ TY-griss; see below) is the eastern of the two great rivers that define Mesopotamia, the other being the Euphrates. The river flows south from the mountains of the Armenian Highlands through the Syrian and Arabian Deserts, before merging with the Euphrates and reaching to the Persian Gulf.

The Tigris passes through historical cities such as Mosul, Tikrit, Samarra and Baghdad. It is also home to archaeological sites and ancient religious communities, including the Mandaeans, who use it for baptism. In ancient times the Tigris nurtured the Assyrian Empire, with remnants such as the relief of King Tiglath-Pileser.

Today the Tigris faces modern threats from geopolitical instability, dam projects, poor water management and climate change, leading to concerns about its sustainability. Efforts to protect and preserve the river's legacy are ongoing, with local archaeologists and activists working to safeguard its future.
Root of penis
In human male anatomy, the radix (/reɪ.dɪks/) or root of the penis is the internal and most proximal portion of the human penis that lies in the perineum. Unlike the pendulous body of the penis, which is suspended from the pubic symphysis, the root is attached to the pubic arch of the pelvis and is not visible externally. It is triradiate in form, consisting of three masses of erectile tissue; the two diverging crura, one on either side, and the median bulb of the penis or urethral bulb. Approximately one third to one half of the penis is embedded in the pelvis and can be felt through the scrotum and in the perineum.

Erectile tissue
Erectile tissue is tissue in the body with numerous vascular spaces, or cavernous tissue, that may become engorged with blood. However, tissue that is devoid of or otherwise lacking erectile tissue (such as the labia minora, vestibule, vagina and urethra) may also be described as engorging with blood, often with regard to sexual arousal.
Simon Orchard
Simon Orchard (born July 1986) is an Australian field hockey player. He plays for New South Wales in the Australian Hockey League. He is a member of the Australia men's national field hockey team and has won several medals with them including gold at the 2009 Men's Hockey Champions Trophy, gold at the 2010 Men's Hockey World Cup and gold at the 2010 and 2014 Commonwealth Games.

2010 Men's Hockey World Cup
The 2010 Men's Hockey World Cup was the 12th edition of Men's Hockey World Cup, the quadrennial world championship for men's national field hockey teams organized by the International Hockey Federation. It was held from 28 February to 13 March 2010 in New Delhi, India.

Australia won the tournament after defeating Germany 2–1 in the final, collecting their second World Cup, after the title obtained in 1986. The Netherlands won the third-place match by defeating England 4–3.
Templemichael
Templemichael (Irish: Teampall Mhichíl) is a civil parish in the barony of Slievardagh, County Tipperary, in Ireland. Historically, it was in the Poor Law Union of "Carrick-on-Suir & Callan". It is situated in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Waterford and Lismore.

Slievardagh
Slievardagh (Irish: Sliabh Ardach) is a barony in County Tipperary, Ireland. This geographical unit of land is one of 12 baronies in County Tipperary. Its chief town is Mullinahone. The barony lies between Eliogarty to the north (whose chief town is Thurles), Iffa and Offa East to the south (whose chief town is Clonmel) and Middle Third to the west (whose chief town is Cashel). It is currently administered by Tipperary County Council.
World Magnetic Tour
The World Magnetic Tour was a concert tour by the American heavy metal band Metallica in support of the band's ninth studio album, Death Magnetic, which was released on September 12, 2008.

The tour officially kicked off in October 2008 in Glendale, United States, following three European promotional dates in September and two U.S. rehearsal shows. By September 2010, the tour had reached North America, Europe, South America, Asia and Oceania. The tour culminated with three dates in Melbourne, Australia, in late November 2010.

Fade to Black (Metallica song)
"Fade to Black" is a song and the first power ballad by the American heavy metal band Metallica, released as the first promotional single from their second studio album, Ride the Lightning (1984). The song was ranked as having the 24th-best guitar solo ever by Guitar World readers.

The song peaked at number 100 on Swiss Singles Chart in 2008. The song is certified 2× Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America. In March 2023, Rolling Stone ranked "Fade to Black" at number 35 on their "100 Greatest Heavy Metal Songs of All Time" list.
Kids Rule O.K.
"Kids Rule O.K." is a British comic science fiction adventure story published in the weekly anthology Action from 11 September to 16 October 1976 by IPC Magazines.

The strip concerns a near-future environmental disaster which kills off 90 percent of the world's adult population, leaving Britain under the control of roaming gangs of teenagers. "Kids Rule O.K." was published at the height of the British tabloid press-led moral panic over the contents of Action, and further stoked the outcry. As a result, the comic was suspended from publication after 16 October 1976, with just seven episodes of "Kids Rule O.K." published. When the sanitised Action returned to publication in December 1976 the strip was not continued.

Tabloid journalism
Tabloid journalism is a popular style of largely sensationalist journalism, which takes its name from the tabloid newspaper format: a small-sized newspaper also known as a half broadsheet. The size became associated with sensationalism, and tabloid journalism replaced the earlier label of yellow journalism and scandal sheets.: 73  Not all newspapers associated with tabloid journalism are tabloid size, and not all tabloid-size newspapers engage in tabloid journalism; since around the year 2000, many broadsheet newspapers converted to the more compact tabloid format.

In some cases, celebrities have successfully sued tabloids for libel, demonstrating that the tabloid's stories have defamed them. Publications engaging in tabloid journalism are also known as rag newspapers or simply rags. In the 21st century, tabloid journalism has shifted to online platforms targeting youth consumers with celebrity news and entertainment.
Kitanda
Kitanda Espresso and Açaí, or simply Kitanda, is a chain of Brazilian coffee shops in the Seattle metropolitan area, in the U.S. state of Washington. João Boff opened the original shop in Seattle's University District in 1998; since then, the business has evolved and expanded to ten locations, operating in Washington and Oregon.

Beaverton, Oregon
Beaverton is a city in the Tualatin Valley, located in Washington County in the U.S. state of Oregon, with a small portion bordering Portland. The city is among the main cities that make up the Portland metropolitan area. Its population was 97,494 at the 2020 census, making it the second most populous city in the county and the seventh-most populous city in Oregon. Beaverton is an economic center for Washington County along with neighboring Hillsboro.
Her Excellency (musical)
Her Excellency is a musical comedy composed by Manning Sherwin and Harold Purcell from a book by Archie Menzies and Max Kester. A couple of the songs were composed by Harry Parr-Davies. The story takes place entirely in the British Embassy in the fictional San Barcellos.

After premiering at the Alhambra Theatre, Glasgow, the show transferred to London's West End enjoying a run of 252 performances between 22 June 1949 and 28 January 1950, initially at the London Hippodrome before switching to the Saville Theatre. It was written as a starring vehicle for Cicely Courtneidge and produced by her husband Jack Hulbert. The cast also included Patrick Barr, Austin Trevor, Thorley Walters, Billy Dainty and Tucker McGuire.

Hippodrome, London
51°30′41″N 0°07′43″W﻿ / ﻿51.5114°N 0.1286°W﻿ / 51.5114; -0.1286

The Hippodrome is a building on the corner of Cranbourn Street and Charing Cross Road in the City of Westminster, London. The name was used for many different theatres and music halls, of which the London Hippodrome is one of only a few survivors. Hippodrome is an archaic word referring to places that host horse races and other forms of equestrian entertainment.
Poetry (film)
Poetry (Korean: 시; RR: Si) is a 2010 drama film written and directed by Lee Chang-dong. It tells the story of a suburban woman in her 60s who begins to develop an interest in poetry while struggling with Alzheimer's disease and her irresponsible grandson. Yoon Jeong-hee appears in the leading role, which was her first role in a film since 1994. The film was selected for the main competition at the 2010 Cannes Film Festival, where it won the Best Screenplay Award. Other accolades include the Grand Bell Awards for Best Picture and Best Actress, the Blue Dragon Film Awards for Best Actress, the Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress, and the Asia Pacific Screen Award for Achievement in Directing and Best Performance by an Actress.

Korean poetry
Korean poetry is poetry performed or written in the Korean language or by Korean people. Traditional Korean poetry is often sung in performance. Until the 20th century, much of Korean poetry was written in Hanja.
Verandah, Isle of Man
The Verandah, Isle of Man is a series of four bends which motorcyclists negotiate at high speed during road racing on the Snaefell Mountain Course on the Isle of Man.

Located on the primary A18 Snaefell Mountain Road which starts at Ramsey and traverses the Snaefell mountain at 1,400 ft (430 m) altitude before leading to Douglas, the Verandah is built around the edge of a Snaefell mountainside slope with adjacent steep drops, between the 29th and 30th Milestone markers measured from the start line at the TT Grandstand. Falling within the parishes of Lezayre and Lonan, it precedes The Bungalow, a major viewing point and visitor attraction on the TT course.

The Verandah series of bends follows the land contours of Snaefell mountain as an embankment with a purpose-built graded road section and reflects nineteenth-century highway construction practices.

Lezayre
Lezayre (/ləzˈɛər/ ləz-AIR; Manx: Creest ny h-Ayrey), formally Kirk Christ Lezayre, is one of the seventeen historic parishes of the Isle of Man.

It is located in the north of the island (part of the traditional North Side division) in the sheading of Ayre.

Administratively, part of the historic parish of Lezayre is now part of the town of Ramsey.

Other settlements in the parish include Glen Auldyn and Sulby.
Joe Marler
Joseph William George Marler (born 7 July 1990) is an English former rugby union player who played as a prop for Premiership Rugby club Harlequins. He played for the England national team until his retirement in November 2024.

Ebury Publishing
Ebury Publishing is a division of Penguin Random House, and is a publisher of general non-fiction books in the UK. Ebury was founded in 1961 as a division of Nat Mags and was originally located on Ebury Street in London. It was sold to Century Hutchinson in 1989; Century Hutchinson was acquired by Random House. Random House merged with Penguin Group to form Penguin Random House in 2013.

Under its umbrella are the imprints BBC Books, Ebury Press, Rider, Time Out, Virgin Books, Ebury Spotlight and Vermilion—each with their own, distinct identity and specialist areas of publishing.
Mnesictena
Mnesictena is a genus of snout moths in the subfamily Spilomelinae, where it is placed in the tribe Udeini. The genus was erected by the English entomologist Edward Meyrick in 1884. The currently known seven species are exclusively found on New Zealand and the associated Antipodes Islands and Chatham Islands.

In the past, Mnesictena was included in the genus Udea, but it is currently considered a separate genus.

The caterpillars feed on different plants, with Mnesictena flavidalis being recorded from Muehlenbeckia (Polygonaceae), M. daiclesalis from Veronica macrocarpa (Plantaginaceae), and M. notata as well as M. marmarina from Urtica, the latter also from Australina.

Australina (plant)
Australina is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Urticaceae.

Its native range is north-eastern and eastern tropical Africa, Australasia.

Species:

Australina flaccida (A.Rich.) Wedd.

Australina pusilla (Poir.) Gaudich.
General chemistry
General chemistry (sometimes referred to as "gen chem") is offered by colleges and universities as an introductory level chemistry course usually taken by students during their first year. The course is usually run with a concurrent lab section that gives students an opportunity to experience a laboratory environment and carry out experiments with the material learned in the course. These labs can consist of acid-base titrations, kinetics, equilibrium reactions, and electrochemical reactions. Chemistry majors as well as students across STEM majors such as biology, biochemistry, biomedicine, physics, and engineering are usually required to complete one year of general chemistry as well.

Acid–base titration
An acid–base titration is a method of quantitative analysis for determining the concentration of Brønsted-Lowry acid or base (titrate) by neutralizing it using a solution of known concentration (titrant). A pH indicator is used to monitor the progress of the acid–base reaction and a titration curve can be constructed.

This differs from other modern modes of titrations, such as oxidation-reduction titrations, precipitation titrations, & complexometric titrations. Although these types of titrations are also used to determine unknown amounts of substances, these substances vary from ions to metals.

Acid–base titration finds extensive applications in various scientific fields, such as pharmaceuticals, environmental monitoring, and quality control in industries. This method's precision and simplicity makes it an important tool in quantitative chemical analysis, contributing significantly to the general understanding of solution chemistry.
Yeni Türkü
Yeni Türkü (means New Türkü in Turkish) is a Turkish band. The group has held concerts and has recorded a number of albums since forming in 1978. Their musical style is characterized by a combination of traditional Turkish and modern musical instruments, including the oud, baglama, kemenche, qanun and guitar. Their music reflects influences of music from around the world (one example is Inti-Illimani). All group members have changed several times throughout the years, with the exception of the lead singer Derya Köroğlu.  After the coup of September 12, 1980, the album Buğdayın Türküsü, composed of poems by names such as Nazım Hikmet, was banned. For this reason, Yeni Türkü's career was interrupted for a short time.

Inti-Illimani
Inti-Illimani (Spanish pronunciation: [in.ti.ji.ˈma.ni]; from Quechuan Inti and Aymara Illimani) are an instrumental and vocal Latin American folk music ensemble from Chile. The band was formed in 1967 by a group of university students and it acquired widespread popularity in Chile for their song Venceremos (We shall win!), which became the anthem of the Popular Unity government of Salvador Allende. When the 1973 Chilean coup d'état took place, they were on tour in Europe and were unable to return to their country where their music was proscribed by the ruling military junta of Augusto Pinochet. In Europe their music took on a multifarious character, incorporating elements of European baroque and other traditional music forms to their Latin American rhythms, creating a fusion of modern world music. Their name means 'Sun of the Golden Eagle' in Aymara.
Wolfhart Westendorf
Wolfhart Westendorf (18 September 1924 – 23 February 2018) was a German Egyptologist.  He was a student of Hermann Grapow, and with him, was a co-author of the Grundriss der Medizin der alten Ägypter  (Plan of Medicine of the Ancient Egyptian), the most extensive study of the subject of ancient Egyptian medicine done in any language.  He has also published many other books on Egyptology and the ancient Egyptian language, as well as a dictionary of Coptic.

In the 1950s, Westendorf reportedly studied some of the unpublished notes from Howard Carter's excavation under the supervision of the Egyptian Antiquities Authority.

Ancient Egyptian medicine
The medicine of the ancient Egyptians is some of the oldest documented. From the beginnings of the civilization in the late fourth millennium BC until the Persian invasion of 525 BC, Egyptian medical practice went largely unchanged and included simple non-invasive surgery, setting of bones, dentistry, and an extensive set of pharmacopoeia. Egyptian medical thought influenced later traditions, including the Greeks.