hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thomas Sophonow
Thomas Sophonow (born March 1953) is a Canadian who was wrongfully convicted of murder and whose case was the subject of a major judicial inquiry. Sophonow was tried three times in the 1981 murder of doughnut-shop clerk Barbara Stoppel. Sophonow spent four years imprisoned. In 1985, he was acquitted by the Manitoba Court of Appeal. A commission of inquiry was called by the province of Manitoba which led to the 2001 release of the Thomas Sophonow Inquiry Report. This inquiry was led by former Supreme Court justice Peter Cory. As a result of this report, Manitoba revised its policy of using prisoners in-custody as informants.  This policy is located at Appendix F of the report. The inquiry also made 43 recommendations of which 11 related to the Province of Manitoba.

Manitoba Court of Appeal
The Manitoba Court of Appeal (French: Cour d'appel du Manitoba) is the court of appeal in, and the highest court of, the Canadian province of Manitoba. It hears criminal, civil, and family law cases, as well as appeals from various administrative boards and tribunals.

Seated in Winnipeg, the Court is headed by the Chief Justice of Manitoba, and is composed of a total of 13 justices. At any given time, there may be one or more additional justices who sit as supernumerary justices.

The Court hears appeals from the Provincial Court and the Manitoba Court of King's Bench, as well as certain administrative tribunals, including the Residential Tenancies Commission, the Municipal Board, and the Manitoba Labour Board, among others.

Most cases are heard by a panel of three justices. A single justice presides over matters heard in "chambers", usually interlocutory matters or applications for leave to appeal. Proceedings before the court are governed by the Court of Appeal Rules.
KK Žoltasti Troti
Košarkarski klub Žoltasti Troti (English: Basketball Club Žoltasti Troti) or simply KK Žoltasti Troti is a basketball team based in Novo Mesto, Slovenia, that competes in the Slovenian Third League, the third level of Slovenian basketball. The team's home arena is Livada Sports Centre.

Novo Mesto
Novo Mesto (pronounced [ˈnɔ̀ːʋɔ ˈmèːstɔ] ⓘ; Slovene: Novo mesto; also known by alternative names) is the seventh-largest city of Slovenia. It is the economic and cultural centre of the traditional region of Lower Carniola (southeastern Slovenia) and the seat of the City Municipality of Novo Mesto. It lies on a bend of the Krka River, close to the border with Croatia.
Z30 small nucleolar RNA
In molecular biology, Z30 small nucleolar RNA, also known as SNORD7, is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.
Z30 snoRNA belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.

Nucleolus
The nucleolus (/njuːˈkliːələs, ˌnjuːkliˈoʊləs/; pl.: nucleoli /-laɪ/) is the largest structure in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is best known as the site of ribosome biogenesis. The nucleolus also participates in the formation of signal recognition particles and plays a role in the cell's response to stress. Nucleoli are made of proteins, DNA and RNA, and form around specific chromosomal regions called nucleolar organizing regions.  Malfunction of the nucleolus is the cause of several human conditions called "nucleolopathies" and the nucleolus is being investigated as a target for cancer chemotherapy.
The Night of the Fog
The Night of the Fog is a 1930 mystery detective novel by Anthony Gilbert, the pen name of British writer Lucy Beatrice Malleson.  It is the fifth of ten novels in a series featuring her amateur detective and politician Scott Egerton, a precursor to her better known creation Arthur Crook.

Anthony Gilbert (writer)
Anthony Gilbert was the pen name of Lucy Beatrice Malleson (15 February 1899 – 9 December 1973), an English crime writer and a cousin of actor-screenwriter Miles Malleson. She also wrote fiction and a 1940 autobiography, Three-a-Penny, as Anne Meredith.
2015 Saudi Arabian municipal elections
Elections were held in Saudi Arabia on 12 December 2015 for municipal councils, which have limited decision-making powers on local issues such as rubbish collection and street maintenance. The previous two elections, in 2005 and 2011, were for half the council seats and were open to male candidates and voters only. The 2015 election was for two thirds of the council seats, on 284 municipal councils, with both male and female candidates and voters. This was the first election in Saudi Arabia in which women were allowed to vote, the first in which they were allowed to run for office, and the first in which women were elected as politicians.

Women in government
In many countries, women have been underrepresented in the government and different institutions. As of 2019, women were still underrepresented in most countries, but were increasingly being elected to be heads of state and government.

As of October 2019, the global participation rate of women in national-level parliaments was 24.5%. In 2013, women accounted for 8% of all national leaders and 2% of all presidential posts. Furthermore, 75% of all female prime ministers and presidents took office in the two decades through to 2016.

Women may face a number of challenges that affect their ability to participate in political life and become political leaders. Several countries explored measures that could increase women's participation in government at all levels, from the local to the national and international. Political parties advocating for women can be categorized as either gender egalitarian or gender essentialist.
Fene
Fene (Galician pronunciation: [ˈfenɪ]) is a municipality in the  province of A Coruña in the autonomous community of Galicia in northwestern Spain. It is located to the northeast of Galicia on the Ria of Ferrol.

Province of A Coruña
The province of A Coruña (Galician: provincia da Coruña [pɾoˈβinθjɐ ðɐ koˈɾuɲɐ]; Spanish: provincia de La Coruña [la koˈɾuɲa] ⓘ; historical English: Corunna) is the northwesternmost province of Spain, and one of the four provinces which constitute the autonomous community of Galicia. This province is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and north, Pontevedra Province to the south and Lugo Province to the east. It has a population of 1,128,449 across its 93 municipalities.
Tangut Supplement
Tangut Supplement is a Unicode block containing characters from the Tangut script, which was used for writing the Tangut language spoken by the Tangut people in the Western Xia Empire, and in China during the Yuan dynasty and early Ming dynasty. This block is a supplement to the main Tangut block.

The Tangut Supplement block size was changed in Unicode version 14.0 to correct the erroneous block end point (version 13: 18D8F → version 14.0: 18D7F).

Tangut people
The Tangut people (Tangut: 𗼎𗾧, mjɨ nja̱ or 𗼇𘓐, mji dzjwo; Chinese: 党項; pinyin: Dǎngxiàng; Tibetan: མི་ཉག་, Wylie: mi nyak; Mongolian: Тангуд) were a Sino-Tibetan people who founded and inhabited the Western Xia dynasty. The group initially lived under Tuyuhun authority, but later submitted to the Tang dynasty. After the collapse of Tang dynasty, the Tanguts established the Western Xia. They spoke the Tangut language, which initial research believed to be either of the Qiangic or Yi groups of the Tibeto-Burman family, later phylogenetic and historical linguistic accounts revealed that it belonged to the Gyalrongic branch of the Qiangic group. The Western Xia was annihilated by the Mongol Empire in 1227 AD, and most of its written records and architecture were destroyed. Today the Tangut language and its unique script are extinct; only fragments of Tangut literature remain.
Dorota Kwaśna
Dorota Kwaśna (born 11 September 1972) is a Polish former cross-country skier who competed from 1992 to 2002. Competing in three Winter Olympics, she earned her best career finish of eighth in the 4 × 5 km relay at Lillehammer in 1994 and her best individual finish of 21st in the 5 km + 10 km combined pursuit.

Kwaśna's best finish at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships was 17th twice (1993: 30 km, 1995: 5 km + 10 km combined pursuit). Her best World Cup finish was 17th in an individual sprint event in Germany in 1996.

Kwaśna's best career finish was third in four FIS races at distances up to 10 km from 1997 to 2001.

FIS Nordic World Ski Championships
The FIS Nordic World Ski Championships is a biennial Nordic skiing event organized by the International Ski Federation (FIS). The World Championships was started in 1924 for men and opened for women's participation in 1954. World Championship events include Nordic skiing's three disciplines: cross-country skiing, ski jumping, and Nordic combined (the latter being a combination sport consisting of both cross-country and ski jumping). The Winter Olympics from 1924 to 1980 were also the Nordic World Ski Championships. This meant that the Olympic champions were also World champions and received an additional medal from the International Ski Federation (FIS). Since 1985, the World Championships have been held in odd-numbered years.
Blended (film)
Blended is a 2014 American romantic comedy film starring Adam Sandler and Drew Barrymore as two single parents who went on a blind date together and never wanted to see each other again afterwards. To their surprise, they both end up at the same African safari resort with their children and are forced to stay together. The film was directed by Frank Coraci, and written by Ivan Menchell and Clare Sera. The film's ensemble cast also features Kevin Nealon, Terry Crews, and Wendi McLendon-Covey.

The film was produced by Adam Sandler, Jack Giarraputo, and Mike Karz. It was released theatrically on May 23, 2014. grossed $128 million worldwide, against a budget of $40 million, and received generally negative reviews from critics. This is the third collaboration between Sandler and Barrymore after The Wedding Singer (also directed by Coraci) and 50 First Dates.

Kevin Nealon
Kevin Nealon (/ˈniːlən/; born November 18, 1953) is an American comedian and actor. He has earned a Primetime Emmy Award nomination and two Screen Actors Guild Award nominations.

He first gained widespread attention during his tenure as a cast member on the NBC sketch comedy series Saturday Night Live from 1986 to 1995, where he anchored the show's news parody segment Weekend Update. After leaving SNL, he acted in several of the Happy Madison films, played Doug Wilson on the Showtime series Weeds, and provided the voice of the title character on Glenn Martin, DDS.
István Rosztóczy
István Rosztóczy (17 November 1942 in Budapest, Hungary – 27 October 1993 in Mount Fuji, Gotemba, Japan) was a Hungarian microbiologist, medical researcher, blood donor organizer, who devoted his life to research and science.

Hódmezővásárhely
Hódmezővásárhely (Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈhoːdmɛzøːvaːʃaːrhɛj] ⓘ; also known by other alternative names) is a city with county rights in southeast Hungary, on the Great Hungarian Plain, at the meeting point of the Békés-Csanádi Ridge and the clay grassland surrounding the river Tisza. In 2017, it had a population of 44,009.

Hódmezővásárhely is a member of Cittaslow.
Hustler Video
Hustler Video is an American independent pornographic film studio. It is owned by Larry Flynt's Larry Flynt Publications, and is part of its Hustler-branded range of enterprises, which includes Hustler magazine, the Hustler Casino and the Hustler Hollywood retail outlets. In 2003 Hustler Video bought VCA Pictures, which maintains a separate brand identity within the LFP conglomerate.

Hustler Video is known for their parodies of mainstream movies, and of celebrities, like Paris Hilton, David Hasselhoff or Lindsay Lohan, and TV shows, like "Happy Days", "Star Trek" and "Glee". In response to 2008 Republican presidential nominee John McCain selecting Alaska governor Sarah Palin as his running mate, Hustler placed a classified ad on Craigslist, seeking a Sarah Palin doppelgänger willing to star in a pornographic film while portraying the governor. The film, Who's Nailin' Paylin, was released November 4, 2008 eventually starring Lisa Ann.

Craigslist
Craigslist (stylized as craigslist) is a privately held American company operating a classified advertisements website with sections devoted to jobs, housing, for sale, items wanted, services, community service, gigs, résumés, and discussion forums.

Craig Newmark began the service in 1995 as an email distribution list to friends, featuring local events in the San Francisco Bay Area. It became a web-based service in 1996 and expanded into other classified categories. It started expanding to other U.S. and Canadian cities in 2000. In 2023 Craigslist listed seven hundred cities in 70 countries on its website and generated 560 million visits per month. Despite such global presence, 90% of the website visitors are from the USA. Nevertheless, according to Alexa, Craigslist was the 19th most visited website in the United States in 2022 and #16 in the World in 2023.
Makro (South Africa)
Makro (stylized as makro) is a South African warehouse club retail chain. Owned by US-based retailer Walmart through their Massmart subsidiary, it operates under the Dutch Makro brand name.

Headquartered in Sandton, Gauteng, the company has been operating since 1971.

Sandton
Sandton is a financial, commercial and residential city, located in the northern part of the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality. Formerly an independent municipality, Sandton's name came from the combination of two of its suburbs, Sandown and Bryanston.
Ibertrans Aérea
Ibertrans Aérea was an airline based in Madrid, Spain. It was established in 1991 and operated passenger and cargo services, including charters and wet leases for other airlines. Its main base was Madrid Barajas International Airport.

Aircraft lease
Aircraft leases are leases used by airlines and other aircraft operators. Airlines lease aircraft from other airlines or leasing companies for two main reasons: to operate aircraft without the financial burden of buying them, as well as to provide temporary increase in capacity. The industry has two main leasing types: wet-leasing, which is normally used for short-term leasing, and dry-leasing which is more normal for longer-term leases. The industry also uses combinations of wet and dry. For example, when the aircraft is wet-leased to establish new services, then as the airline's flight or cabin crews become trained, they can be switched to a dry lease. In some markets, there may also be hybrid models, such as with crew provided by lessees.
IWoz
iWoz: From Computer Geek to Cult Icon: How I Invented the Personal Computer, Co-Founded Apple, and Had Fun Doing It is a 2006 New York Times bestselling autobiography by computer engineer and programmer Steve Wozniak. It was co-authored by writer Gina Smith and published by W. W. Norton & Company.

In iWoz, Wozniak gives a short history of his life, the founding of Apple Computer and some of his other ventures. Near the end of the book, Wozniak explains that he wrote the book in order to dispel some misconceptions that have been spread about him, his relationship with Steve Jobs and his relationship with and feelings towards Apple. Wozniak presents his story in short vignettes, never longer than a few pages, and most no longer than just a few paragraphs.

The photo plates of the book use several images from Wikimedia Commons.

Wikimedia Commons
Wikimedia Commons, also known as Wikicommons, or simply Commons, is a wiki-based media repository of free-to-use images, sounds, videos and other media. It is a project of the Wikimedia Foundation.

Files from Wikimedia Commons can be used across all of the Wikimedia projects in all languages, including Wikipedia, Wikivoyage, Wikisource, Wikiquote, Wiktionary, Wikinews, Wikibooks and Wikispecies, and can also be downloaded for offsite use. As of November 2025, the repository contains over 130 million free-to-use media files, managed and editable by registered volunteers.
World Polio Day
World Polio Day (24 October) was established by Rotary International to commemorate the birth of Jonas Salk, who led the first team to develop a vaccine against poliomyelitis. Use of this inactivated poliovirus vaccine and subsequent widespread use of the oral poliovirus vaccine developed by Albert Sabin led to establishment of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) in 1988. Since then, GPEI has reduced polio worldwide by 99 percent.

World Polio Day is an annual observance when members of Rotary International, along with public health advocates and individuals committed to a polio-free world, convene to commemorate their accomplishments in the global campaign against polio. This day also provides a platform for deliberation on the requisite measures to permanently eliminate polio from the face of the Earth.

Albert Sabin
Albert Bruce Sabin (/ˈseɪbɪn/ SAY-bin; born Abram Saperstejn; August 26, 1906 – March 3, 1993) was a Polish-American medical researcher, best known for developing the oral polio vaccine, which has played a key role in nearly eradicating the disease.  In 1969–1972, he served as the president of the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel.
Bernd Sibler
Bernd Sibler (born 19 February 1971 in Straubing) is a German politician serving as Landrat of Deggendorf since 2022. From 2018 to 2022, he served as minister of science and art of Bavaria. In 2018, he served as minister of education and culture of Bavaria. From 1998 to 2022, he was a member of the Landtag of Bavaria.

Landtag of Bavaria
The Landtag of Bavaria, officially known in English as the Bavarian State Parliament, is the unicameral legislature of the German state of Bavaria. The parliament meets in the Maximilianeum in Munich.

Elections to the Landtag are held every five years and have to be conducted on a Sunday or public holiday. The following elections have to be held no earlier than 59 months and no later than 62 months after the previous one, unless the Landtag is dissolved. The most recent elections to the Bavarian Landtag were held on 8 October 2023.

Bavaria's current state government, the third Söder cabinet, was formed after the 2023 election and is a coalition of the Christian Social Union (CSU) and the Free Voters (FW). An identical coalition was in power as the second Söder cabinet between 2018 and 2023. Markus Söder has been Minister-President of Bavaria since March 2018, when he succeeded Horst Seehofer.
Picross 3D: Round 2
Picross 3D: Round 2 known in Japan as Rittai Picross 2 (立体ピクロス2, Rittai Pikurosu 2; lit. "Solid Geometry Picross 2") is a Japanese puzzle video game developed by HAL Laboratory for the Nintendo 3DS. It is the sequel to the 2009 Nintendo DS game, Picross 3D. The game was released in Japan on October 1, 2015, in North America on September 1, 2016, in Europe on December 2, 2016, and in Australia on December 3, 2016. In North America, it was only released as a digital download on the Nintendo eShop.

Solid geometry
Solid geometry or stereometry is the geometry of three-dimensional Euclidean space (3D space).
A solid figure is the region of 3D space bounded by a two-dimensional closed surface; for example, a solid ball consists of a sphere and its interior.

Solid geometry deals with the measurements of volumes of various solids, including pyramids, prisms, cubes (and other polyhedrons), cylinders, cones (including truncated) and other solids of revolution.
Behavioral Sciences & the Law
Behavioral Sciences & the Law is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering the intersection of the law and behavioral sciences. It was established in 1983 and is published by John Wiley & Sons. The journal is edited by Charles Patrick Ewing (University at Buffalo Law School), Alan R. Felthous (Saint Louis University School of Medicine) and Christopher Slobogin (Vanderbilt Law School). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 2.103.

Saint Louis University School of Medicine
Saint Louis University School of Medicine is a private, Jesuit medical school. Part of Saint Louis University, the institution was established in 1836.

The school has an enrollment of around 700, with about 550 faculty members and 550 residents in 48 graduate medical education programs including residencies, subspecialty residencies and fellowships. The institution centers its research in five specific areas: cancer, infectious disease, liver disease, aging/neurological disorders, and heart/lung disease. Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital and Saint Louis University Hospital are the two main affiliated teaching hospitals of the school.
RTP Açores
RTP Açores is a Portuguese free-to-air regional television channel owned and operated by state-owned public broadcaster Rádio e Televisão de Portugal (RTP) in the Autonomous Region of the Azores. It began broadcasting on 10 August 1975 from its studios in Ponta Delgada. Since late 2017, it broadcasts from its current premises, alongside RDP Açores. The line-up consists of local programming, relays of RTP3 and reruns of programming from the mainland channels.

Ponta Delgada
Ponta Delgada (European Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈpõtɐ ðɛlˈɣaðɐ] ⓘ; lit. 'Thin Cape') is the largest municipality (concelho) and executive capital of the Autonomous Region of the Azores in Portugal. It is located on São Miguel Island, the largest and most populous in the archipelago. As of 2021, it has 67,287 inhabitants, in an area of 232.99 square kilometres (89.96 square miles). There are 17,629 residents in the three central civil parishes that comprise the historical city: São Pedro, São Sebastião, and São José. Ponta Delgada became the region's administrative capital under the revised constitution of 1976; the judiciary and Catholic See remained in the historical capital of Angra do Heroísmo while the Legislative Assembly of the Azores was established in Horta.
Simon model
In applied probability theory, the Simon model is a class of stochastic models that results in a power-law distribution function.  It was proposed by Herbert A. Simon to account for the wide range of empirical distributions following a power-law. It models the dynamics of a system of elements with associated counters (e.g., words and their frequencies in texts, or nodes in a network and their connectivity ). In this model the dynamics of the system is based on constant growth via addition of new elements (new instances of words) as well as incrementing the counters (new occurrences of a word) at a rate proportional to their current values.

Frequency (statistics)
In statistics, the frequency or absolute frequency of an event  is the number  of times the observation has occurred/been recorded in an experiment or study.: 12–19  The relative frequency is the ratio of absolute frequency to the sample size. These frequencies are often depicted graphically or tabular form.