hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mike Faulk
Michael Anthony Faulk (September 10, 1953 – November 11, 2014) was an American jurist and politician.

Faulk was born in Kingsport, Tennessee. In November 2008, he was elected to the Tennessee State Senate, defeating incumbent Micheal R. Williams by the narrow margin of 29,417 to 29,171. He was a Republican, representing Claiborne, Grainger, Hancock, Hawkins, Jefferson, and Union counties. Before his election to the Senate, he worked as a personal injury attorney in Church Hill, Tennessee. In March 2012, he announced he would not be seeking re-election for a second term. He served in the Senate until 2013.

Faulk held a B.S. from the University of Tennessee at Martin and a J.D. from the University of Memphis. He attended Oak Grove Baptist Church and was a divorced father of two.

He died on November 11, 2014, of cancer at the age of 61. He had esophageal cancer that metastasized to his liver.

Kingsport, Tennessee
Kingsport is a city in Sullivan and Hawkins counties in the U.S. state of Tennessee. It lies along the Holston River and had a population of 55,442 at the 2020 census. It is the largest city in the Kingsport–Bristol metropolitan area, which had 307,613 residents in 2020. The metro area is a component of the larger Tri-Cities region of Tennessee and Virginia, with a population of 508,260 in 2020.

Kingsport was chartered in 1822. The city's name is a simplification of King's Port, originally referring to the area on the Holston River known as King's Boat Yard, the head of navigation for the Tennessee Valley. Kingsport is commonly included in what is known as the "Mountain Empire" in southwest Virginia and northeastern Tennessee.
Librazhd District
Librazhd District (Albanian: Rrethi i Librazhdit) was one of the 36 districts of Albania, which were dissolved in July 2000 and replaced by 12 newly created counties. It had a population of 72,520 in 2001, and an area of 1,102 km2 (425 sq mi). It was formed as an administrative unit in 1958. It is in the east of the country, and its capital and administrative center was the town of Librazhd. The area of the former district includes most of the regions of the ethnographic region. Its territory is now part of Elbasan County: the municipalities of Librazhd and Prrenjas.

Counties of Albania
Counties (Albanian: qarqe or qarqet), also sometimes known as prefectures (prefektura or prefekturat), are the first-level administrative subdivisions of Albania, replacing the earlier districts. Since 2000, there have been 12 counties. Since 2015, they have been divided into 61 municipalities, 373 communes, and 2,972 villages.
History of Brazil's economic policy
Brazil's economic policy can be broadly defined by the Brazilian government's choice of fiscal policies, and the Brazilian Central Bank’s choice of monetary policies. Throughout the history of the country, economic policy has changed depending on administration in power, producing different results.

Economic policy
The economy of governments covers the systems for setting levels of taxation, government budgets, the money supply and interest rates as well as the labour market, national ownership, and many other areas of government interventions into the economy.

Most factors of economic policy can be divided into either fiscal policy, which deals with government actions regarding taxation and spending, or monetary policy, which deals with central banking actions regarding the money supply and interest rates.

Such policies are often influenced by international institutions like the International Monetary Fund or World Bank as well as political beliefs and the consequent policies of parties.
Random permutation statistics
The statistics of random permutations, such as the cycle structure of a random permutation, are of fundamental importance in the analysis of algorithms, especially of sorting algorithms, which operate on random permutations. Suppose, for example, that we are using quickselect (a cousin of quicksort) to select a random element of a random permutation. Quickselect will perform a partial sort on the array, as it partitions the array according to the pivot. Hence a permutation will be less disordered after quickselect has been performed. The amount of disorder that remains may be analysed with generating functions. These generating functions depend in a fundamental way on the generating functions of random permutation statistics. Hence it is of vital importance to compute these generating functions.

The article on random permutations contains an introduction to random permutations.

Permutation group
In mathematics, a permutation group is a group G whose elements are permutations of a given set M and whose group operation is the composition of permutations in G (which are thought of as bijective functions from the set M to itself). The group of all permutations of a set M is the symmetric group of M, often written as Sym(M). The term permutation group thus means a subgroup of the symmetric group. If M = {1, 2, ..., n} then Sym(M) is usually denoted by Sn, and may be called the symmetric group on n letters.

By Cayley's theorem, every group is isomorphic to some permutation group.

The way in which the elements of a permutation group permute the elements of the set is called its group action. Group actions have applications in the study of symmetries, combinatorics and many other branches of mathematics, physics and chemistry.
Roodeplaat Nature Reserve
Roodeplaat (Dam Provincial) Nature Reserve is located on the shores of the Roodeplaat Dam, 22 km north-east of Pretoria, Gauteng.

In 1972 the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (DWAF) delegated the management of the Roodeplaat Dam area to the Nature Conservation division of the Transvaal Provincial Administration (TPA). Their mandate was to develop the area as a nature reserve and outdoor recreation facility for Pretoria's residents. The reserve was proclaimed in 1977.

Roodeplaat dam is a well-known destination for bird watching, game viewing and a range of water sports including freshwater angling.

Over 250 bird species have been recorded here including some interesting species such as Osprey, Eurasian Reed-Warbler, Purple Heron, Black heron and Hammerkop.

Roodeplaat Dam
Roodeplaat Dam is a concrete arch dam situated in South Africa on the Pienaars River (also known along parts of its length as the Moretele River and Moreleta Spruit), 
a tributary of the Crocodile River, which flows northwards into the Limpopo River. The dam is a warm monomictic impoundment with stable thermal stratification during the summer.
Father Dougal McGuire
Father Dougal McGuire is a character in the Channel 4 sitcom Father Ted. Created by Arthur Mathews and Graham Linehan, Dougal was portrayed by comedian Ardal O'Hanlon for the programme's three series. The character is a childlike, simple-minded Roman Catholic curate exiled to Craggy Island, a small island off the coast of Galway.

Dougal originated as an unseen character in a short-lived stand-up routine performed by Mathews in the late 1980s. Portraying an early version of Father Ted Crilly on-stage, Mathews occasionally discussed Dougal as one of Ted's great friends. In 1994, the writers took Father Ted to television, casting O'Hanlon as the on-screen Dougal. In a 2001 poll conducted by Channel 4, Dougal was ranked fifth on their list of the 100 Greatest TV Characters.

Arthur Mathews (writer)
Arthur Mathews  is an Irish comedy writer and actor who, often with writing partners such as Graham Linehan, Paul Woodfull and Matt Berry, co-created and co-wrote the television comedies Father Ted, Big Train and Toast of London, and contributed to other comedy shows including Harry Enfield and Chums, The Fast Show, The Day Today, and Brass Eye.
Genting Dream
Genting Dream is a cruise ship of Dream Cruises. The ship has a length of 335.33 metres (1,100 ft 2 in), a width of 39.7 metres (130 ft 3 in), a size of 150,695 GT, and a top speed of over 23 knots (43 km/h; 26 mph).

The construction of Genting Dream, the first ship of the cruise brand, Dream Cruises, was completed on 12 October 2016, and the vessel sailed from Papenburg, Germany the next day. The ship was originally designed and ordered for Star Cruises, but she was transferred to Dream Cruises during construction. After the liquidation of Dream Cruises parent company, Genting Hong Kong, the vessel was chartered to Resorts World Cruises.

Genting Hong Kong
Genting Hong Kong Limited (Chinese: 雲頂香港有限公司) was a holding company that operated cruise and resort businesses. It was headquartered in Ocean Centre (海洋中心), Tsim Sha Tsui, Hong Kong and listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange (SEHK: 678). It was part of the Genting Group, whose chairman Lim Kok Thay was also the chairman and majority shareholder of Genting Hong Kong with 69% ownership of April 2020. It also owned the cruise lines Crystal Cruises, Dream Cruises and Star Cruises (collectively Genting Cruise Lines), Resorts World Manila, and the MV Werften and Lloyd Werft shipyards.

On 19 January 2022, the company filed for bankruptcy in the Bermuda Islands. After reviewing its financial conditions, the company filed for liquidation on 18 January 2022. The motion for liquidation was approved by Bermuda's Supreme Court on 7 October 2022.
Thollander
Thollander is a Swedish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Earl Thollander, artist

Gunnar Thollander, member of the parliament of Sweden

Jonathan Thollander, professional ice hockey player

David Thollander, Vice President of Muvico Theaters

Earl Thollander
Earl Thollander (April 13, 1922 – August 8, 2001) was an American artist, illustrator, author and a WWII U.S. Navy officer who is best known for his marine scene paintings, sketching, travel book writing and tour leading.
Chemical industry in Italy
The chemical industry in Italy is a sector of businesses involved in the production and distribution of chemicals, both for industrial and consumer use. This industry has been integral to Italy's economic development and modernization.

Chemical industry
The chemical industry comprises the companies and other organizations that develop and produce industrial, specialty and other chemicals. Central to the modern world economy, the chemical industry converts raw materials (oil, natural gas, air, water, metals, and minerals) into commodity chemicals for industrial and consumer products. It includes industries for petrochemicals such as polymers for plastics and synthetic fibers; inorganic chemicals such as acids and alkalis; agricultural chemicals such as fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides; and other categories such as industrial gases, speciality chemicals and pharmaceuticals.

Various professionals are involved in the chemical industry including chemical engineers, chemists and lab technicians.
Mike McElroy
Michael McElroy (born September 13, 1988) is an American college football coach. He is the head football coach for Bethel University, a position he has held since 2024. He was the head football coach for Elverado High School and Trico High School's co-op football team in 2013. He also coached for Marian High School, Minnesota, and Concordia–St. Paul. He played college football for Southern Illinois as a defensive back.

Southern Illinois Salukis football
The Southern Illinois Salukis football program represents Southern Illinois University Carbondale in college football. The Salukis are a member of the NCAA and compete at the Division I Football Championship Subdivision level (formerly known as NCAA Division I-AA). The Salukis are a member of the Missouri Valley Football Conference and play in Saluki Stadium on the campus of Southern Illinois University Carbondale in Carbondale, Illinois, which has a seating capacity of 15,000.

The Salukis are coached by Nick Hill, who was the starting quarterback for the Salukis in 2006 and 2007.
Lu Maozeng
Lu Maozeng (Chinese: 陆懋曾; December 1928 – 21 July 2022) was a Chinese wheat breeding expert and politician who served as chairman of the Shandong Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference from 1993 to 1998.

He was a representative of the 12th, 13th, 14th, and 15th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party. He was an alternate member of the 12th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and a member of the 13th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.

15th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party
The 15th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party was held in Beijing between September 12 and 18, 1997. It was preceded by the 14th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party and was followed by the 16th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party. 2,048 delegates and 60 specially invited delegates represented the party's estimated 59 million members.

The congress elected a 344-member 15th CCP Central Committee, as well as a 115-member Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (CCDI). This change in membership made the new average age of the CCP 55 and percentage of members holding university or college level education 92.4%. Jiang Zemin was reappointed CCP General Secretary and Chairman of the Central Military Commission.
Kukës District
Kukës District (Albanian: Rrethi i Kukësit) was one of the 36 districts of Albania, which were dissolved in July 2000 and replaced by 12 counties. It had a population of 64,054 in 2001, and an area of 956 km2 (369 sq mi). The town of Kukës was where the district's administrative headquarters were located. The area of the former district is coextensive with the present municipality of Kukës, which is part of Kukës County.

Counties of Albania
Counties (Albanian: qarqe or qarqet), also sometimes known as prefectures (prefektura or prefekturat), are the first-level administrative subdivisions of Albania, replacing the earlier districts. Since 2000, there have been 12 counties. Since 2015, they have been divided into 61 municipalities, 373 communes, and 2,972 villages.
Arthur Cazenove
Arthur Cazenove (12 February 1823 – 10 August 1893) was an English cricketer and clergyman.

The son of Philip Cazenove, the founder of the stockbrokers Cazenove, and Emma Knapp, he was born at Clapton in February 1823. He later studied at Exeter College, Oxford. While studying at Oxford, he played for Oxford University from 1851 to 1853, making seven appearances. He scored 129 runs in his seven matches, at an average of 16.12 and a high score of 37 not out. With his roundarm medium pace bowling, he took 15 wickets.

After graduating from Oxford, Cazenove took holy orders in the Church of England. His first ecclesiastical posting was as vicar of St Mark's Church in Reigate. He later held the post of honorary canon of Rochester Cathedral. He married Letitia Georgiana Thomson in 1856, with the couple having three children. Cazenove died in August 1893 at Cranborne, Dorset. His grandson was the soldier Arnold Cazenove and his great-grandson was the actor Christopher Cazenove.

Exeter College, Oxford
Exeter College (in full: The rector and Scholars of Exeter College in the University of Oxford) is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England, and the fourth-oldest college of the university.

The college was founded in 1314 by two brothers from Devon, Bishop Walter Stapledon and Sir Richard Stapledon, as an institution to educate clergy, and has been located on Turl Street since 1315. At its foundation Exeter was popular with sons of the Devon gentry, though it has since become associated with a much broader range of notable alumni, including Raymond Raikes, William Morris, J. R. R. Tolkien, Richard Burton, Roger Bannister, Alan Bennett, and Philip Pullman.
Gangulphus
Gangulphus of Burgundy (died 11 May 760 AD) is venerated as a martyr by the Catholic Church.  Gangulphus was a Burgundian courtier whose historical existence can be attested by only a single document: a deed from the court of Pepin the Short, dated 762, attests that he was a great landowner, whose family dominated the region and exercised a lot of power.

Gangulphus decided to renounce his wealth and become a hermit. Even so, he was subsequently killed by his wife's lover, who wished to remove Gangulphus as a possible interference to the adulterous relationship.

Courtier
A courtier (/ˈkɔːrtiər/) is a person who attends the royal court of a monarch or other royalty. The earliest historical examples of courtiers were part of the retinues of rulers. Historically, the court was the centre of government as well as the official residence of the monarch, and the social and political life were often completely mixed together.
Russian presidential inauguration
The Russian presidential inauguration (Russian: Инаугурация президента Российской Федерации, romanized: Inauguratsiya prezidenta Rossiyskoy Federatsii) is a ceremony to mark the start of a term of the president of Russia. The president's term is six years (formerly four years). In the case of extraordinary election, the inauguration is conducted thirty days after the announcement of the official election results by the Central Election Commission of Russia. Since Vladimir Putin's first inauguration in 2000, the ceremony took place in the Grand Kremlin Palace of the Moscow Kremlin. The inauguration ceremony of the Russian president has traditionally been accompanied by the festive prayer service of the Patriarch of Moscow and all Rus', which dates back to 1498, when the first wedding took place for the reign of Prince Dmitry Ivanovich, the grandson of Ivan III.

Central Election Commission (Russia)
The Central Election Commission of the Russian Federation (Russian: Центральная избирательная комиссия Российской Федерации, romanized: Tsentral'naya izbiratel'naya komissiya Rossiyskoy Federatsii, abbr. ЦИК, TsIK), also known as Tsentrizbirkom (Russian: Центризбирком) is the superior power body responsible for conducting federal elections and overseeing local elections in the Russian Federation founded in September 1993. It consists of 15 members. The President of Russia, State Duma and Federation Council of Russia each appoint five members. In turn, these members elect the Chairman, Deputy Chairman and Secretary. The Commission is in power for a four-year term.

On 30 January 2007, amendments to the Russian election legislation, which would allow people without higher education in law to become members of the Central Election Commission, were passed by Vladimir Putin.
Vorozhba railway station
Vorozhba (Ukrainian: Ворожба) is a railway station in Vorozhba, Ukraine. It is a major passenger and freight station at the junction of the Khutir-Mykhailivskyi-Konotop, Vorozhba-Konotop, Vorozhba-Volfyne, and Bilopillia-Vorozhba lines of Southwestern Railways.

Southwestern Railways
Southwestern Railways (PZZ), (Ukrainian: Південно-Західна залізниця) headquartered in Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine, is a component part of the Ukrzaliznytsia company, its regional branch.

It is named "Southwestern" because it is Southwest of Moscow, despite being in the Northern part of Ukraine. In February 2025, the Commission of the Ukrainian Institute of National Memory Noted that "Southwestern" and "Southern Railways" names are propaganda for Russian imperial policy and violate the law.
Acetobacterium carbinolicum
Acetobacterium carbinolicum is a homoacetogenic, strictly anaerobic bacterium that oxidises primary aliphatic alcohols.

These Gram-positive, non-spore-forming and rod-shaped bacteria grow at optimal temperatures of about 30 °C, but some subspecies are also psychrotolerant, being able to grow at a minimum temperature of 2 °C, as the microorganisms belonging to the subspecies A. carbinolicum kysingense, which have been isolated from fine sand and mud sedimented in a brackish fjord in Jutland, Denmark, where concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl) in water are up to 4.3%.

Acetogenesis
Acetogenesis is a process through which acetyl-CoA or acetic acid is produced by anaerobic bacteria through the reduction of CO2 via the Wood–Ljungdahl pathway. Other microbial processes that produce acetic acid (like certain types of fermentation or the oxidative breakdown of carbohydrates or ethanol by acetic acid bacteria) are not considered acetogenesis. The diverse bacterial species capable of acetogenesis are collectively called acetogens.

Reduction of CO2 to acetic acid via the Wood–Ljungdahl pathway requires an electron source (e.g., H2, CO, formate, etc.). When acetogens are grown autotrophically, they synthesize acetic acid only through the Wood–Ljungdahl pathway; but when they are grown heterotrophically, they can produce additional acetic acid by oxidation of the carbon source (carbohydrates, organic acids, or alcohols). Once produced, acetyl-CoA can be incorporated into biomass or converted to acetic acid.
Tunisian literature
Tunisian literature refers to all oral and written literary works produced by the people of Tunisia, primarily in Arabic and in French. It also includes the works of writers from the Tunisian diaspora (ca. 1 million people in 2023) and of those authors who recognize themselves as belonging to the tunisian culture.

Arabic literature in Tunisia dates to the 7th century, with the arrival of Arab civilization in the region. Arabic literature is more important than francophone literature — which followed the introduction of the French protectorate in 1881 — both in volume and value. The national bibliography lists 1,249 non-academic books published in 2002 in Tunisia, of which 885 titles are in Arabic. Nearly a third of these books are intended for children.

In 2003, the state budget dedicated 3 million Tunisian dinars to the support of literature. There are approximately 100 private Tunisian publishing houses that publish virtually all books.

Tunisian dinar
The dinar (Arabic: دينار, ISO 4217 code: TND) is the national currency of Tunisia. It is subdivided into 1000 milim or millimes (ملّيم), colloquially called "Franc". The abbreviation DT is often used in Tunisia, although writing "dinar" after the amount is also acceptable (TND is less colloquial, and tends to be used more in financial circles); the abbreviation TD is also mentioned in a few places, but is less frequently used, given the common use of the French language in Tunisia, and the French derivation of DT (i.e., dinar tunisien). It can also stand for "Dinaar Tounsi".
Meryatum II
Meryatum (“Beloved of Atum”) was an ancient Egyptian prince and High Priest of Re, the son of Pharaoh Ramesses III. Meryatum was the brother of pharaohs Ramesses IV, Ramesses VI, and Ramesses VIII. He was the uncle of pharaohs Ramesses V and Ramesses VII. His name can also be found as Ramesses Meryatum.

Meryatum is shown in the procession of royal sons depicted in Medinet Habu. He lived at least into the reigns of Ramesses IV and Ramesses V. Meryatum is mentioned in Wilbour Papyrus.

Wilbour Papyrus
The Wilbour Papyrus, named after the New York journalist who acquired it, Charles Edwin Wilbour, is the largest known non-funerary papyrus from Ancient Egypt. It is an administrative document which contains a survey of cultivatable lands in the late Ramesside Period of the New Kingdom of Egypt. The papyrus is 10 meters long and divided into two sections, text A and text B. Text A contains an extensive account of lands both privately and collectively owned. Text B is much shorter and contains an account of exclusively royal lands. The Wilbour Papyrus is a rare case of a well preserved look into the economic administration of Ancient Egypt. Egyptologists have been able to use it to produce a more complete analysis of the function of the Ancient Egyptian state.