hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Spillover of the war in Amhara
The War in Amhara escalated into Oromia Region and the Western Zone in Tigray Region with asymmetric involvement of the Oromo Liberation Army (OLA), the Tigray Defense Forces (TDF) and the Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF). Some sources predicted that the war could lead into a civil war. After the bloody Tigray War, both TPLF and the Ethiopian government signed peace agreement in Pretoria on 2 November 2022. After the Nairobi agreement, Tigrayan forces ordered to disarm, and the full sovereignty of the region restored which allowed humanitarian access. In January 2023, Tigrayan officials reported that Amhara and Eritrean troops yet not leaving the Western Tigray. The Amhara officials claim the area after the restoration of its people and consequent referendum held.

The Amhara militia Fano accused of ethnic massacre against ethnic Oromos and Tigrayans, causing both groups to form the United Front of Ethiopian Federalist and Confederalist Forces (UFEFCF).

Tigray Defense Forces
The Tigray Defense Forces (TDF; Tigrinya: ሓይልታት ምክልኻል ትግራይ), colloquially called the Tigray Army (ሰራዊት ትግራይ), is a paramilitary organization located in the Tigray region of Ethiopia. It was founded by former generals of the Ethiopian military in 2020 to combat federal forces enforcing national government mandates in the Tigray region, culminating in the outbreak of the Tigray War that same year. The TDF has made use of guerilla tactics and strategies. Human rights groups including Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch have reported that the TDF has committed war crimes against civilians including gang rape and extrajudicial killing during their occupation of both the Afar and Amhara regions. According to the Ethiopian Ministry of Justice, TDF combatants have been found liable for upwards of 540 civilians casualties. as of 28 December 2021.
Chen Huiguang
Chen Huiguang (Chinese: 陈辉光; born November 1938) is a Chinese politician who served as party secretary of Guangxi from 1985 to 1990 and chairman of the Guangxi Regional Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference from 1988 to 2003.

He was a member of the 12th and 13th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. He was a representative of the 14th and 15th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party. He was a member of the 8th and 9th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. He was a member of the Standing Committee of the 10th Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.

15th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party
The 15th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party was held in Beijing between September 12 and 18, 1997. It was preceded by the 14th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party and was followed by the 16th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party. 2,048 delegates and 60 specially invited delegates represented the party's estimated 59 million members.

The congress elected a 344-member 15th CCP Central Committee, as well as a 115-member Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (CCDI). This change in membership made the new average age of the CCP 55 and percentage of members holding university or college level education 92.4%. Jiang Zemin was reappointed CCP General Secretary and Chairman of the Central Military Commission.
Château de la Muette
The Château de la Muette (French pronunciation: [ʃato də la mɥɛt]) is a château located on the edge of the Bois de Boulogne in Paris, France, near the Porte de la Muette. It is the OECD's headquarters.

Three châteaux have been located on the site since a hunting lodge was transformed into the first château for Princess Marguerite of Valois, favorite daughter of King Henry II, sister of Kings Francis II, Charles IX and Henry III and the first wife of King Henry IV, in the 16th century. The first château was extended and substantially reconstructed by Louis XV. Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette lived at this second château, and the first manned flight, in a hot air balloon, set off from the château in 1783.

The old château was demolished in the 1920s to make room for substantial houses, including a new château built by Henri James de Rothschild, which now serves as the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development's headquarters.

City gates of Paris
While Paris is encircled by the boulevard périphérique (Paris ring road), the city gates of Paris (French: portes de Paris) are the access points to the city for pedestrians and other road users. As Paris has expanded through the centuries, former city gates are found inside the modern city.
Harold Bekkering
Harold Bekkering (born 19 October 1965) is a Dutch professor of cognitive psychology at the Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour of the Radboud University Nijmegen. His research has covered many different ways of learning, ranging from basic sensorimotor learning to complex forms of social learning.  Lately, he aims to implement knowledge about human learning in educational settings.

Cognitive psychology
Cognitive psychology is the scientific study of human mental processes such as attention, language use, memory, perception, problem solving, creativity, and reasoning. Cognitive psychology originated in the 1960s in a break from behaviorism, which held from the 1920s to 1950s that unobservable mental processes were outside the realm of empirical science. This break came as researchers in linguistics, cybernetics, and applied psychology used models of mental processing to explain human behavior. Work derived from cognitive psychology was integrated into other branches of psychology and various other modern disciplines like cognitive science, linguistics, and economics.
San Diego Top Guns
The San Diego Top Guns were an American soccer team based in San Diego, California, that competed in the USISL. The team debuted in 1993. The team played its home matches at San Diego Mesa College's football field, which was smaller than a regulation pitch. The Top Guns withdrew from USISL in September 1996 and forfeited their territorial rights.

San Diego Mesa College
San Diego Mesa College (Mesa College or Mesa) is a public community college in San Diego, California. It is part of San Diego Community College District and the California Community Colleges system. The college is accredited by the Accrediting Commission for Community and Junior Colleges (ACCJC).

The campus was officially opened in January 1964. It has since grown into one of the largest community colleges in the City of San Diego and the 11th largest community college in California. In 2016, Mesa College became one of the first 15 California community colleges to offer bachelor's degrees.
Jesus Christ Superstars
Jesus Christ Superstars is the fifth studio album by Slovenian industrial and electronic music group Laibach. Released in 1996 the concept album collects original and cover songs where religion is the central theme. The theme of religion is constructed around Christianity and the title references Andrew Lloyd Webber's rock opera Jesus Christ Superstar.

Unlike the albums before it, Jesus Christ Superstars has a much more guitar driven sound, with the overall result being reminiscent of the bands belonging to the genre of industrial metal.

Rock opera
A rock opera is a collection of rock music songs, especially a concept album, with lyrics that relate to a common story. The use of various character roles within the song lyrics is a common storytelling device. The success of rock opera has inspired similar works in other musical styles, such as rap opera.

Unlike classical opera, rock operas are typically not scripted for theatrical production, like a classical oratorio, though some have been adapted as rock musicals.
HMS Pert
Four ships of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Pert:

HMS Pert (1804), a brig sloop, formerly the French privateer Bonaparte captured in 1804. She was wrecked in 1807.

HMS Pert (1808),  a brig sloop, formerly the French Serpent captured in 1808. She was broken up in 1813

HMS Pert (1856), a Cheerful-class gunboat launched in 1856 and broken up in 1864.

HMS Pert (1868), a Beacon-class gunvessel launched in 1868 and sold in 1888.

French brig Serpent (1807)
Serpent was a French navy brig of the Palinure class, launched in 1807 at Paimbeouf (Nantes) as Rivolli, but renamed. HMS Acasta captured her in 1808 in the Caribbean and the British Royal Navy took her into service there as HMS Pert but renamed her Asp. The navy disposed of her in 1814. She then made five voyages as a whaler, and wrecked in December 1828 on her sixth voyage.
Korean currency
Korean currency dates back as far as the Goryeo dynasty (918–1392) when the first coins were minted. The coins, cast in both bronze and iron, were called tongbo and jungbo. Additionally, silver vases called ŭnbyŏng were widely used and circulated as a currency among the aristocracy of Goryeo.

It was not until the beginning of the Joseon period that copper coins called mun were minted for wide circulation. Jeohwa (Korean: 저화; Hanja: 楮貨), which was made of standardized mulberry-bark paper early in the Joseon period, became the first legal paper money and was used as a medium of exchange in place of coins until it disappeared in the early 16th century. From the 17th century until the end of the 19th century, coins denominated in mun bearing the inscription Sang Pyeong Tong Bo (Korean: 상평통보; Hanja: 常平通寶; lit. always exact coin) were the most widely circulated currency.

Paper
Paper is a thin sheet of matted cellulose fibers. Largely derived from lignocellulose, paper is created from a pulp dissolved into a slurry that is drained and dried into sheets. Different types of paper are defined by constituent fiber, paper pulp, sizing, coating, paper size, paper density and grammage.

The papermaking process developed in East Asia at least as early as 105 CE by the Han court eunuch Cai Lun, although archaeological evidence exists of 2nd century BCE paper-like material in China. Before the industrialization of paper production, the most common paper was rag paper, made from discarded natural fiber textiles collected by ragpickers. The 1843 invention of wood pulp, coupled with the Second Industrial Revolution, made pulpwood paper the dominant variety to this day.
Kinchela Aboriginal Boys' Training Home
Kinchela Aboriginal Boys' Training Home, also known as Kinchela Boys' Home and the Aboriginal Mission School, is a heritage-listed former Aboriginal Boys' Training Home at 2054 South West Rocks Road, Kinchela, Kempsey Shire, New South Wales, Australia. It was built from 1924 to 1970.

It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 17 February 2012. Today the property is owned by Kempsey Local Aboriginal Land Council. The site was also recognised in 2022 by the World Monuments Watch.

NSW Aboriginal Land Council
The NSW Aboriginal Land Council (NSWALC) is the peak representative body of Aboriginal Australians in New South Wales. It has the mandate, under the Aboriginal Land Rights Act 1983 (NSW), to develop land rights among Aboriginal people in New South Wales through its network of 121 Local Aboriginal Land Councils (LALCs). Its functions include the creation of an economic base for Aboriginal communities, as well as the continued passing and enhancement of Aboriginal culture, identity and heritage through the management of traditional sites and other cultural materials within NSW. It acts as an advisor to governments and others to ensure the preservation of Aboriginal land rights.
Fannie Isabelle Sherrick
Fannie Isabelle Sherrick Wardell (born 31 May, fl. 1860 – 1880) was an American poet, essayist, and columnist, best remembered for her 46 romantic and philosophical poetry, that were published in several volumes. Influenced by and a contemporary of Ella Wheeler Wilcox, she was a descendant of Moses Cleaveland and a native of St. Louis, and worked as a teacher.

A character in Henry James' The Portrait of a Lady may be referring to Sherrick's poem "Summer Rain".

The Portrait of a Lady
The Portrait of a Lady is a novel by Henry James, first published as a serial in The Atlantic Monthly and Macmillan's Magazine in 1880–81 and then as a book in 1881. It is one of James's most popular novels and is regarded by critics as one of his finest.

The Portrait of a Lady is the story of a spirited young American woman, Isabel Archer, who, "affronting her destiny," finds it overwhelming. She inherits a large amount of money and subsequently becomes the victim of Machiavellian scheming by two American expatriates. Like many of James's novels, it is set in Europe, mostly England and Italy. Generally regarded as the masterpiece of James's early period, this novel reflects James's continuing interest in the differences between the New World and the Old, often to the detriment of the former. It also treats in a profound way the themes of personal freedom, responsibility, and betrayal.
Wangliang
In Chinese folklore, a wangliang (Chinese: 魍魎; pinyin: wǎngliǎng or Chinese: 罔兩) is a type of malevolent spirit. Interpretations of the wangliang include a wilderness spirit, similar to the kui, a water spirit akin to the Chinese dragon, a fever demon like the yu (魊; "a poisonous three-legged turtle"), a graveyard ghost also called wangxiang (罔象) or fangliang (方良), and a man-eating demon described as resembling a 3-year-old child with brown skin, red eyes, long ears, and beautiful hair.

J. J. M. de Groot
Jan Jakob Maria de Groot (18 February 1854 – 24 September 1921) was a Dutch sinologist and historian of religion. He taught at the Leiden University and later at the University of Berlin, and is chiefly remembered for his monumental work, The Religious System of China, Its Ancient Forms, Evolution, History and Present Aspect, Manners, Customs and Social Institutions Connected Therewith. The two "books" of this detailed and well-illustrated treatise appeared in six volumes - and, according to the preface in the first volume, the System was originally meant to include  several more "books".

De Groot became a corresponding member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1887, a foreign member in 1892 and a regular member in 1911.
Kogler
Kogler or Kögler is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alfred Kogler, Austrian luger

Armin Kogler (born 1959), Austrian ski jumper

Ignaz Kögler (1680–1746), German Jesuit missionary in China

Kaspar Kögler (1838-1923), German painter, illustrator and writer

Stefan Kögler, Austrian luger

Walter Kogler (born 1967), Austrian footballer and manager

Alfred Kogler
Alfred Kogler was an Austrian luger who competed in the 1970s to mid-1980s. A natural track luger, he won a complete set of medals at the FIL World Luge Natural Track Championships with a gold in men's singles (1984), a silver in men's doubles (1982), and a bronze in men's doubles (1984).

Kogler also won two medals in the men's singles event at the FIL European Luge Natural Track Championships with a gold in 1975 and a bronze in 1978.
József Kovács (runner)
József Kovács (3 March 1926 – 29 March 1987) was a Hungarian athlete who competed mainly in the 10,000 metres.

Born in Nyíregyháza, Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg he competed for Hungary in the 1956 Summer Olympics held in Melbourne, Australia in the 10,000 metres where he won the silver medal.

Nyíregyháza
Nyíregyháza (Hungarian: [ˈɲiːrɛchaːzɒ] ⓘ, Slovak: Níreďháza [ˈɲiːrɛɟɦaːza]) is a city with county rights in northeastern Hungary and the county capital of Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg. With a population of 118,001, it is the seventh-largest city in Hungary and the second largest in the Northern Great Plain region. Its development has been ongoing since the 18th century, making it the economic and cultural center of the region. Nyíregyháza Zoo, with over 500 species, is recognized throughout Europe.
Nuclear Energy Board
The Nuclear Energy Board (officially titled An Bord Fuinnimh Núicléigh) was an Irish agency charged with developing nuclear power in Ireland.  It was established in Ireland on 30 November 1973 by the Nuclear Energy (An Bord Fuinnimh Núicléigh) Act 1971.

The board was responsible in the 1970s for pursuing the policy of developing a nuclear power station, which was to be located at Carnsore Point, County Wexford. This policy ultimately failed and the board gradually faded from public attention, eventually concentrating on nuclear-related environmental reports. It was not a large organisation, with the Electricity Supply Board doing most operational work.

ESB Group
The Electricity Supply Board (ESB; Irish: Bord Soláthair an Leictreachais) is a state owned (95%; the rest are owned by employees) electricity company based in Ireland with operations worldwide. While historically a monopoly, the ESB now operates as a commercial semi-state concern in a "liberalised" and competitive market. It is a statutory corporation whose members are appointed by the Government of Ireland.
Muja, Ethiopia
Muja (Amharic: ሙጃ) is a town in northern Ethiopia. Part of the Semien Wollo Zone of the Amhara Region, this town has a latitude and longitude of 12°04′N 39°27′E﻿ / ﻿12.067°N 39.450°E﻿ / 12.067; 39.450 with an elevation of 2918 meters above sea level.

Lasta
Lasta (Amharic: ላስታ Lāstā) is a historic province in northern Ethiopia located in the Amhara Region. It is the province in which Lalibela is situated, the former capital of Ethiopia during the Zagwe dynasty and home to 11 medieval rock-hewn churches.
Giddh (The Scavenger)
Giddh (The Scavenger) is a 2023 Indian short film directed by Manish Saini. The film stars Indian actor Sanjay Mishra, who plays a poor man who has lost his son to illness and is compelled to find a way to survive. The film has been presented in numerous international film festivals, including the Rhode Island International Film Festival, the LA Shorts International Film Festival and the 2023 Short Shorts Film Festival & Asia, where it won an Oscar-qualifying award in the Asia International Competition.

Manish Saini
Manish Saini is an Indian filmmaker who works in Gujarati language films. He is known for his work as a director in his debut, Dhh (2017), for which it received the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Gujarati at the 65th National Film Awards. The film is a story of three school children who come to believe that a magician, who just came to city, can magically get them out of their troubles. The film that starred Naseeruddin Shah was released by Viacom18 and was also a part of the Toronto International Film Festival Kids.
Renyel Pinto
Renyel Eligio Pinto Cumache (born July 8, 1982) is a Venezuelan former professional baseball pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Florida Marlins, and in Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) for the Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks.

Bullpen
In baseball, the bullpen (or simply the pen) is the area where relief pitchers warm up before entering a game. A team's roster of relief pitchers is also metonymically referred to as "the bullpen". These pitchers usually wait in the bullpen if they have not yet played in a game, rather than in the dugout with the rest of the team. The starting pitcher also makes his final pregame warm-up throws in the bullpen. Managers can call coaches in the bullpen on an in-house telephone from the dugout to tell a certain pitcher to begin their warm-up tosses. Relief pitchers are often assisted in their warm-ups by specialized coaches known as bullpen catchers.

Each team generally has its own bullpen consisting of two pitching rubbers and plates at regulation distance from each other. In most Major League Baseball parks, the bullpens are situated out-of-play behind the outfield fence.
Sacrifices (Big Sean song)
"Sacrifices" is a song by American rapper Big Sean from his fourth studio album I Decided (2017). It features American hip hop group Migos and was produced by Metro Boomin, with co-production from Allen Ritter.

Allen Ritter
Allen Raphael Ritter (born June 19, 1988) is an American record producer and songwriter. A frequent collaborator of fellow producers Boi-1da, Vinylz, and Sevn Thomas, Ritter has worked in production for high-profile hip hop and R&B artists since 2007. He has been credited on Drake's "Controlla", Young Thug and Travis Scott's "Pick Up the Phone", Kanye West's "All Day" and "Father Stretch My Hands", Rihanna's "Work", and Nicki Minaj's "Regret in Your Tears", among others.
Papal poet laureate
Although popes have several times named poets laureate, the practice was never regular and never attained importance. The ceremony to laureate Camillo Querno, for example, was little more than a piece of entertainment. The pope could laureate a poet himself or delegate the authority to a papal count palatine or another poet laureate. For example, the papal laureate Johannes Rhagius paid 100 florins for the right to laureate six poets of his choosing. Pope Pius I, who had been laureated by the Emperor Frederick III before ascending the papal throne, never created any poets laureate. Nevertheless, papal poets laureate seem to have been considered of the same rank as the much more prominent imperial poets laureate. In 1512, there was a joint ceremony in which two poets were simultaneously laureated by the pope and an imperial representative.

Florin
The Florentine florin was a gold coin (in Italian Fiorino d'oro) struck from 1252 to 1533 with no significant change in its design or metal content standard during that time.

It had 54 grains (3.499 grams, 0.1125 troy ounces) of nominally pure or 'fine' gold with a purchasing power difficult to estimate (and variable) but ranging according to social grouping and perspective from approximately 140 to 1,000 modern US dollars. The name of the coin comes from the Giglio bottonato (it), the floral emblem of the city, which is represented at the head of the coin.
Ray Hatton
Raymond Robert (Ray) Hatton (February 4, 1932 – March 4, 2015) was an English educator, author, and long-distance runner.  Born in England, Hatton moved to the United States in 1956 to attend college, earning degrees in education and geography from University of Idaho and the University of Oregon. He was an award-winning college geography professor for many years. Hatton wrote ten books on Oregon geography, history, and climatology. In the 1970s and 1980s, he won numerous Masters level running championships and set American records in several long-distance running events. Ran a Masters WR in the Mile at 4:26.0 in 1972.  Hatton was inducted into the USATF Masters Hall of Fame in 2001.

University of Idaho
The University of Idaho (U of I, or UIdaho) is a public land-grant research university in Moscow, Idaho, United States. Established 137 years ago in 1889 and opened three years later, it was the state's sole university for 71 years, until 1963.

The university comprises ten undergraduate, graduate, and professional schools. It enrolls approximately 12,000 students across its campuses, with 11,000 on the Moscow campus. The university is classified among "Research 1: Very High Spending and Doctorate Production".

Located on the rural Palouse, the university is represented in intercollegiate athletics by the Idaho Vandals, who compete in NCAA Division I, primarily in the Big Sky Conference. In addition to the main campus in Moscow, the U of I has branch campuses in Coeur d'Alene, Boise, and Idaho Falls; it also operates a research park in Post Falls, and dozens of extension offices statewide.