hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mustafa Öztürk
Mustafa Öztürk (born 8 November 1965,  Keşap, Giresun) is a Turkish theologian and academician who worked in the field of exegesis and Quran studies, and produced various scientific works. Öztürk is known for his historicist approach, which advocates that everything related to Islam, especially the Quran, should be interpreted according to their historical context.

Öztürk argues that many expressions in the Quran regarding issues such as slavery, concubinage, booty and punishments reflect the understanding of the period in which they were written. Therefore, such provisions specific to that period cannot be accepted as the basis of religion and should be abandoned.

Historicity (philosophy)
Historicity in philosophy is the idea or fact that something has a historical origin and developed through history: concepts, practices, values. This is opposed to the belief that the same thing, in particular normative institutions or correlated ideologies, is natural or essential and thus exists universally.

Historicity relates to the underlying concept of history, or the intersection of teleology (the concept and study of progress and purpose), temporality (the concept of time), and historiography (semiotics and history of history). Historical "a priori" (historicity of a historical process) is a varying conceptualizations of historicity, emphasizing the linear progress or the repetition or modulation of past events.
Three Rivers High School
Three Rivers High School can be:

Three Rivers Academy, formerly Three Rivers High School, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada

Three Rivers High School (Michigan), Three Rivers, Michigan, United States

Three Rivers High School (Texas), Three Rivers, Texas, United States

Three Rivers High School (Texas)
Three Rivers High School is a high school in Three Rivers, Texas, United States. It is operated by Three Rivers Independent School District. The Three Rivers Bulldogs compete in cross country, volleyball, football, basketball, golf, tennis, track, softball & baseball. Three Rivers High School students also compete in various UIL sanctioned academic events such as speech and debate,  one act play, mathematics, and writing events. They have won state titles in Boys Golf in 2003 and 2004, and in Boys Track in 1955, 1985, and 1989. In 2017, the principal reported a teacher's aide to the police for an "inappropriate relationship" with two students, leading to an arrest.
Nagasaki 1st district (1947–1993)
Nagasaki 1st district was a constituency of the House of Representatives in the Diet of Japan. Between 1947 and 1993 it elected five Representatives by single non-transferable vote. It was located in Nagasaki and, as of 1993, consisted of the cities of Nagasaki, Isahaya and Shimabara and the Nishisonogi, Kitatakaki, Minamitakaki, Kamiagata and Shimoagata counties.

Representatives for Nagasaki 1st district included home minister Ichirō Honda, construction minister Motoharu Baba, foreign minister Tadashi Kuranari, education minister Takeo Nishioka (president of the House of Councillors in the 2010s, LDP vice secretary-general Fumio Kyūma (defence minister in the 1990s and 2000s) and NFP co-founder Yoshiaki Takaki (education minister in the 2010s).

Minamitakaki District, Nagasaki
Minamitakaki (南高来郡, Minami-Takaki-gun; English: South Takaki District) was a district located in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan.

Minamitakaki District is now equivalent to the cities of Shimabara, Unzen, and Minami-Shimabara.

As of 2003, the district had an estimated population of 117,639 and a density of 293.97 persons per km2. The total area was 400.18 km2.
Kaye Kye-Sung Chon
Kaye Kye-Sung Chon (Korean: 전계성) is a South Korean and American academic specializing in hospitality management and tourism. He currently serves as Dean and Chair Professor at the School of Hotel and Tourism Management (SHTM) at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU), where he also holds the Walter and Wendy Kwok Family Foundation Professorship in International Hospitality Management. Chon is noted for his contributions to hospitality education, including his role in the establishment of Hotel ICON.

Hong Kong Polytechnic University
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU or HKPU) is a public university in Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong. The university is one of the eight government-funded degree-granting tertiary institutions in Hong Kong. Founded in 1937 as the first Government Trade School, it is the first institution to provide technical education in Hong Kong. In 1994, the Legislative Council of Hong Kong passed a bill which granted the former Hong Kong Polytechnic official university status.

PolyU consists of 7 Faculties, 4 Schools and 1 College, offering programmes covering business, computer and mathematical sciences, construction & environment, engineering, health & social science, humanities, design, fashion & textiles, hotel and tourism management.
Chicago Live!
Chicago Live! is an hour-long stage and radio variety show hosted by Chicago newspaperman and radio personality Rick Kogan.  The multi-platform show is produced by the Chicago Tribune in partnership with The Second City and broadcasts on WGN Radio 720-AM Saturday nights at 11 p.m. It is taped in front of a live studio audience.  Short, individual segments from each show are distributed in video and podcast format.

The Second City
The Second City is an improvisational comedy enterprise. It is the oldest improvisational theater troupe to be continuously based in Chicago, with training programs and live theaters in Toronto and New York. Since its debut in 1959, it has become one of the most influential and renowned in the English-speaking world. In February 2021, ZMC, a private equity investment firm based in Manhattan, purchased the Second City.

The Second City has produced television programs in both Canada and the United States, including SCTV, Second City Presents, and Next Comedy Legend. It has been a starting point for many comedians, award-winning actors, directors, and others in show business, including Joan Rivers, Alan Alda, Harold Ramis, Bill Murray, John Candy, John Belushi, Dan Aykroyd, Eugene Levy, Catherine O'Hara, Chris Farley, Mike Myers, Steve Carell, Tina Fey, Amy Poehler, Stephen Colbert and Jason Sudeikis.
Carl M. Bender
Carl M. Bender (born 1943) is an American applied mathematician and mathematical physicist. He currently holds the Wilfred R. and Ann Lee Konneker Distinguished Professorship of Physics at Washington University in St. Louis. He also has joint positions as professor of physics at the University of Heidelberg and as visiting professor of applied mathematics and mathematical physics at Imperial College, London.

Bender achieved initial prominence in the sciences for his work on perturbative and nonperturbative methods in quantum field theory. At the turn of the millennium, Bender discovered the importance of parity-time (PT) symmetry in non-Hermitian quantum systems. His work influenced major advances in physics, particularly optics.

Mathematical physics
Mathematical physics is the development of mathematical methods for application to problems in physics. The Journal of Mathematical Physics defines the field as "the application of mathematics to problems in physics and the development of mathematical methods suitable for such applications and for the formulation of physical theories". An alternative definition would also include those mathematics that are inspired by physics, known as physical mathematics.
Sena Jeter Naslund
Sena Jeter Naslund (born June 28, 1942) is an American writer. She has published seven novels and two collections of short fiction. Her 1999 novel, Ahab's Wife, and her 2003 novel, Four Spirits, were each named a New York Times Notable Book of the Year. She is the Writer in Residence at University of Louisville and was the program director for the MFA in Writing at Spalding University in the same city. In 2005, Governor Ernie Fletcher named Naslund Poet Laureate of Kentucky.

Artist-in-residence
Artist-in-residence (also Writer-in-residence), or artist residencies, encompass a wide spectrum of artistic programs that involve a collaboration between artists and hosting organisations, institutions, or communities. They are programs that provide artists with space and resources to support their artistic practice. Contemporary artist residencies are becoming increasingly thematic, with artists working together with their host in pursuit of a specific outcome related to a particular theme.
Murders of Gary Matson and Winfield Mowder
Gary Matson (April 6, 1949 — July 1, 1999) and Winfield Mowder (May 30, 1959 — July 1, 1999) were a gay couple from Redding, California, who were murdered by white supremacist brothers Benjamin Matthew Williams and James Tyler Williams. The Williams brothers confessed to killing the couple because they were gay.

Bremerton, Washington
Bremerton is a city in Kitsap County, Washington, United States. The population was 43,505 at the 2020 census and an estimated 44,122 in 2021, making it the largest city on the Kitsap Peninsula. Bremerton is home to Puget Sound Naval Shipyard and the Bremerton Annex of Naval Base Kitsap.

The city lies west of Seattle and is connected by an automobile ferry operated by Washington State Ferries and a passenger-only ferry operated by Kitsap Transit. Bremerton spans the Port Washington Narrows and extends inland along Sinclair Inlet opposite from Port Orchard.
Young Dracula and Young Monsters
Young Dracula and Young Monsters is a children's fantasy novel by Michael Lawrence, but is also known under two titles, as an omnibus edition of Young Dracula (2002) and Young Monsters (2003).

Young Dracula, loosely based on the premise explored in Bram Stoker's 1897 horror novel Dracula, follows the light-hearted adventures of Count Dracula's children. The story inspired the CBBC children's drama series of the same name.

Young Monsters is set at the Dr. Felix Furter School for Young Monsters, which has real monsters for pupils and teachers.

The book is published by Barrington Stoke, which specializes in books for undeveloped readers.

CBBC
CBBC (short for Children's BBC) is a British free-to-air public broadcast children's television channel owned and operated by the BBC. It is also the brand used for all BBC content for children aged from 6 to 12. Its sister channel, CBeebies, is aimed at children aged 6 and under. It broadcasts every day from 7:00 am to 7:00 pm, timesharing with BBC Three.
Qui-Gon & Obi-Wan
Qui-Gon & Obi-Wan: Last Stand on Ord Mantell is a three-part comics series written by Ryder Windham, and published by Dark Horse Comics between December 2000 and March 2001. The series is set five years before Episode I – The Phantom Menace, and 37 years before Episode IV – A New Hope. The story features Qui-Gon Jinn and Obi-Wan Kenobi, who are sent into deep space to search for a valuable cargo freighter when it fails to reach its destination on the planet Coruscant.

Qui-Gon & Obi-Wan: The Aurorient Express is a two-part comics series written by Mike Kennedy, and published by Dark Horse Comics between February 2002 and June 2002. The series is set six years before The Phantom Menace, and 38 years before A New Hope. The story features Qui-Gon Jinn and Obi-Wan Kenobi. A luxury cloud cruiser has slipped out of control and is going to crash over Yorn Skot. The two Jedi must board the runaway ship and regain control.

Wookieepedia
Wookieepedia: The Star Wars Wiki is an online encyclopedia about the Star Wars universe, including information on all films, books, television series, the Star Wars Expanded Universe, any upcoming Star Wars material, and more. It is a wiki, with some articles reaching up to 60,000 words, and is written almost entirely from an in-universe perspective. The name is a portmanteau of Wookiee and encyclopedia, a pun on the name of Wikipedia, and its logo portrays the incomplete second Death Star, as a visual pun on Wikipedia's incomplete "jigsaw logo".
Many-banded krait
The many-banded krait (Bungarus multicinctus), also known as the Taiwanese krait or the Chinese krait, is an extremely venomous species of elapid snake found in much of central and southern China and Southeast Asia. The species was first described by the scientist Edward Blyth in 1861. Averaging 1 to 1.5 m (3.5 to 5 ft) in length, it is a black or bluish-black snake with many white bands across its body. The many-banded krait mostly inhabits marshy areas throughout its geographical distribution, though it does occur in other habitat types.

Median lethal dose
In toxicology, the median lethal dose, LD50 (abbreviation for "lethal dose, 50%"), LC50 (lethal concentration, 50%) or LCt50 is a toxic unit that measures the lethal dose of a given substance. The value of LD50 for a substance is the dose required to kill half the members of a tested population after a specified test duration. LD50 figures are frequently used as a general indicator of a substance's acute toxicity. A lower LD50 is indicative of higher toxicity.

The term LD50 is generally attributed to John William Trevan. The test was created by J. W. Trevan in 1927. The term semilethal dose is occasionally used in the same sense, in particular with translations of foreign language text, but can also refer to a sublethal dose. LD50 is usually determined by tests on animals such as laboratory mice. In 2011, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved alternative methods to LD50 for testing the cosmetic drug botox without animal tests.
Bassett, California
Bassett is an unincorporated community in the San Gabriel Valley, in Los Angeles County, California, United States, within the Census-designated places boundaries of Avocado Heights and West Puente Valley. Its ZIP Code is 91746 and it uses area code 626.

Area code 626
Area code 626 is a telephone area code in the North American Numbering Plan (NANP) for most of the San Gabriel Valley in the U.S. state of California. The numbering plan area (NPA) also comprises nearby areas in the northeastern portion of Los Angeles County, California, including Arcadia, Monrovia, El Monte, most of Pasadena and West Covina. The numbering plan area was created in an area code split of area code 818 on June 14, 1997.
2 Dope Queens
2 Dope Queens was a podcast hosted by Jessica Williams and Phoebe Robinson that aired between April 4, 2016, and November 14, 2018.

For the first seven days following the podcast's launch, it was number one on the iTunes podcast charts. It is produced by WNYC Studios. The podcast features female comedians, comedians of color, and LGBT comedians, in an effort to represent people from different backgrounds. The podcast's guests include Jon Hamm, Nick Kroll, LeVar Burton, Naomi Ekperigin, Nore Davis, Aparna Nancherla, Marc Maron, and Michelle Buteau. 2 Dope Queens is WNYC Studios' first comedy podcast.

On June 27, 2016, Sooo Many White Guys, the first 2 Dope Queens spin-off, debuted. The podcast is hosted by Phoebe Robinson and produced by Ilana Glazer.

A four-episode HBO special based on the show aired in February and March 2018 directed by podcast guest Tig Notaro. A second four-episode season aired in 2019.

Aparna Nancherla
Aparna Nancherla is an American stand-up comedian and actress. She has had recurring roles on television series including BoJack Horseman and Corporate and has written for Late Night with Seth Meyers and Totally Biased with W. Kamau Bell. Nancherla released her debut comedy album Just Putting It Out There through Tig Notaro's Bentzen Ball Records on July 8, 2016.
Parc Bit
The Parc Bit is a science and technology park located in the outskirts of the city of Palma de Mallorca, Spain. Many innovation research centres of enterprises related with tourism are placed here, such as Trivago or Microsoft.

It was opened in 2002 and currently around 2,500 employees work there. It is located near the University of the Balearic Islands.

Parc Bit metro station of Palma Metro, which is located in the park and derives the name from it, was opened on 2 July 2025 as a one-station extension from UIB. It serves as the northern terminus of the line.

University of the Balearic Islands
The University of the Balearic Islands (Catalan: Universitat de les Illes Balears, UIB; Spanish: Universidad de las Islas Baleares [univəɾsiˈtad də ləz ˈiʎəz βələˈas]) is a Balearic Spanish university, founded in 1978 and located in Palma on the island of Majorca. The university is funded by the autonomous Government of the Balearic Islands.
Fortunio Bonanova
Fortunio Bonanova, pseudonym of Josep Lluís Moll, (13 January 1895 – 2 April 1969) was a Spanish baritone singer and a film, theater, and television actor. He occasionally worked as a producer and director.

According to Lluis Fàbregas Cuixart, the pseudonym Fortunio Bonanova referred to his desire to seek fortune, and his love of the Bonanova neighborhood in his native Palma.

Palma de Mallorca
Palma, also known as Palma de Mallorca (officially between 1983–1988, 2006–2008, and 2012–2016), is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of the Balearic Islands in Spain. It is situated on the south coast of Mallorca on the Bay of Palma. With a population of 438,234 as of 2024, it is the 8th-largest city in Spain.

The Cabrera Archipelago, though widely separated from Palma proper, is part of the municipality.
MAŤO
The Maťo (Matthew) was an 8-bit personal computer produced in the former Czechoslovakia by Štátny majetok Závadka š.p., Závadka nad Hronom, from 1989 to 1992. Their primary goal was to produce a personal computer as cheaply as possible, and therefore it was also sold as a self-assembly kit. It was basically a modified PMD 85, but without backward compatibility. This, combined with its late arrival to the market, made the MAŤO a commercial failure.

Backward compatibility
In telecommunications and computing, backward compatibility (or backwards compatibility) is a property of an operating system, software, real-world product, or technology that allows for interoperability with an older legacy system, or with input designed for such a system.

Modifying a system in a way that does not allow backward compatibility is sometimes called "breaking" backward compatibility. Such breaking usually incurs various types of costs, such as switching cost.

A complementary concept is forward compatibility; a design that is forward-compatible usually has a roadmap for compatibility with future standards and products.
David Hill (rugby league)
David Hill (27 June 1946 – 31 January 2025) was an English rugby league footballer who played in the 1960s and 1970s. He played at representative level for Great Britain and Lancashire, and at club level for Wigan, Oldham and Barrow as a Stand-off or Centre.

Oldham R.L.F.C.
Oldham Rugby League Football Club is a professional rugby league football club based in Oldham, Greater Manchester, England. The club plays home games at Bower Fold in Stalybridge, and compete in the Championship, the second tier of British rugby league.

Oldham have won the League Championship four times, Challenge Cup three times and the Second Division three times.

The clubs traditional home kits are red and white hooped jerseys, navy blue shorts and red socks. They share a local rivalry with Rochdale Hornets, Salford Red Devils and Swinton Lions and cross county rivalries with nearby Huddersfield Giants and Halifax.
Norway Grove, Wisconsin
Norway Grove is an unincorporated community located in the town of Vienna in Dane County, Wisconsin, United States.

Dating from 1844, immigrant settlers principally from the traditional district of Sogn in Western Norway, came to the townships of Windsor and Vienna in Dane County. They settled in a region lying in the northwestern part of Windsor township and the adjoining portion of the township of Vienna which became known as Norway Grove. In 1847, these settlers invited Rev. Johannes Wilhelm Christian Dietrichson  from Koshkonong, Wisconsin to come and conduct worship services. In 1849, it was decided that they would organize a Norwegian language Lutheran Church congregation.

Sogn
Sogn is a traditional district in Western Norway (Norwegian: Vestlandet). It is located in the county of Vestland, surrounding the Sognefjord, the largest/longest fjord in Norway. The district of Sogn consists of the municipalities of Aurland, Hyllestad, Høyanger, Gulen, Luster, Lærdal, Sogndal, Solund, Vik, and Årdal.

The district covers 10,675 square kilometres (4,122 sq mi). The largest urban area in Sogn is the village of Sogndalsfjøra (in Sogndal Municipality), with 4,475 residents. The second largest urban area is the village Øvre Årdal (in Årdal Municipality), with 3,094 people (this village used to be the largest, but recently it was passed by Sogndalsfjøra).

The district of Sogn comprises the southern part of the former county Sogn og Fjordane. The districts of Sunnfjord and Nordfjord are the other two districts in the county.
SF Masterworks
S.F. Masterworks is a series of science fiction novel reprints published by UK-based company Orion Publishing Group, a subsidiary of Hachette UK. The series is intended for the UK and Australian markets, but many editions are distributed to the United States and Canada by Hachette Book Group. As of December 2025, 199 unique titles and approximately 308 volumes, including hardcover, revised, or reprinted editions, have been published.

Superseding the earlier series Gollancz Classic SF (1986–1987) and VGSF Classics (1988–1990), the SF Masterworks series began publication in 1999. Developed to feature important and out of print science fiction novels, the selections were described by science fiction author Iain M. Banks as "amazing" and "genuinely the best novels from sixty years of SF". Many of the selections had been out of print in the United Kingdom for many years.

Its companion series include Fantasy Masterworks and Gateway Essentials.

Iain Banks
Iain Menzies Banks (/ˈmɪŋɪz/ ⓘ; 16 February 1954 – 9 June 2013) was a Scottish author, writing mainstream fiction as Iain Banks and science fiction as Iain M. Banks. His books have been adapted for theatre, radio, and television. In 2008, The Times named Banks in their list of the 50 greatest British writers since 1945.

Banks began writing full time after the success of his debut novel The Wasp Factory (1984), which has since sold over a million copies and been translated into 80 languages. The novel was named one of the 100 best books of the 20th century in a 1997 poll by Waterstones and Channel 4; in 2016, it was ranked the second-best Scottish novel of all time in an equivalent poll by the BBC. His first science fiction book, Consider Phlebas (1987), marked the start of the Culture series, consisting of eight further novels.

In April 2013, Banks revealed he had inoperable cancer and was unlikely to live beyond a year. He died on 9 June 2013, at the age of 59.