hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kazbek Gekkiyev
Kazbek Gekkiyev (Russian: Казбек Геккиев, c. 1984 – 5 December 2012), a Russian TV news presenter and journalist for the All-Russian State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company (VGTRK) in Nalchik, Kabardino-Balkaria, Russia, was shot three times in the head and killed by a gunman outside of his workplace. The gunmen are believed to be linked to the Islamic insurgency in the North Caucasus. He was the seventh journalist killed in the North Caucasus in ten years in connection to his work.

Nalchik
Nalchik (Russian: Нальчик, IPA: [ˈnalʲtɕɪk]; Kabardian: НалщӀэч, romanized: Nalṣ̂ăčʼ [naːɮɕʼakʲ]; Karachay-Balkar: Нальчик or Налчыкъ, romanized: Nalçik or Nalçıq [naltʃɯk]) is the capital city of Kabardino-Balkaria, Russia, situated at an altitude of 550 meters (1,800 ft) in the foothills of the Caucasus Mountains; about 100 kilometers (62 mi) northwest of Beslan (Beslan is in the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania). It covers an area of 131 square kilometers (51 sq mi). Population: 247,054 (2021 census); 240,203 (2010 census); 274,974 (2002 census); 234,547 (1989 Soviet census).
Shaw Nunatak
Shaw Nunatak (69°33′S 71°12′W﻿ / ﻿69.550°S 71.200°W﻿ / -69.550; -71.200) is a nunatak rising to 500 m in Nichols Snowfield, northern Alexander Island, Antarctica. It is situated 5.3 km north-northeast of Rachenitsa Nunatak, 4.23 km east-southeast of Tipits Knoll and 7 km southeast of Mount Kliment Ohridski in Sofia University Mountains, 7.5 km southwest of Lizard Nunatak and 8.1 km northwest of Tegra Nunatak. The feature was photographed from the air by Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition in 1947–48, and mapped from these photographs by D. Searle of Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey, 1960. The nunatak was named by United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1977 after Colin Shaw (1944–78), British Antarctic Survey surveyor who worked in Alexander Island, from 1975 to 1976.

Nichols Snowfield
Nichols Snowfield (69°25′S 71°5′W﻿ / ﻿69.417°S 71.083°W﻿ / -69.417; -71.083) is a snowfield, 22 nautical miles (41 km) long and 8 nautical miles (15 km) wide, bounded by the Rouen Mountains and Elgar Uplands to the east and Lassus Mountains to the west, in the north part of Alexander Island, Antarctica. The snowfield was first sighted from the air and roughly mapped by the British Graham Land Expedition (BGLE) in 1937. Mapped in detail from air photos taken by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition (RARE), 1947–48, by Searle of the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) in 1960. It is named by the RARE for Dr. Robert L. Nichols, head of the Department of Geology, Tufts University, and senior scientist of the Ronne expedition.
Douglas Fee
Douglas Fee (born 21 July 1944) was a member of the House of Commons of Canada from 1988 to 1993. His background was in education and human resources.

He was elected in the 1988 federal election at the Red Deer electoral district for the Progressive Conservative party. He served in the 34th Canadian Parliament but lost to Bob Mills of the Reform Party in the 1993 federal election.

After losing the 1993 seat, Fee became the CEO of the Canadian Angus Association in 1994. Under his leadership, the Association membership has doubled in number and registrations have almost tripled.

34th Canadian Parliament
The 34th Canadian Parliament was in session from December 12, 1988, until September 8, 1993.  The membership was set by the 1988 federal election on November 21, 1988, and it changed only somewhat due to resignations and by-elections until it was dissolved prior to the 1993 election.

There were three sessions of the 34th Parliament:
O. Carter Snead
O. Carter Snead is an American legal scholar and bioethicist.

Snead obtained a Bachelor of Arts at St. John's College in Maryland and completed his legal education at the Georgetown University Law Center. He is the Charles E. Rice Professor of Law at Notre Dame Law School with a joint appointment in the College of Arts and Letters in the department of political science. From 2012 to 2024, he was director of the de Nicola Center for Ethics and Culture at the University of Notre Dame.

Georgetown University Law Center
Georgetown University Law Center is the law school of Georgetown University, a private research university in Washington, D.C., United States. It was established in 1870 and is the largest law school in the United States by enrollment, with over 2,000 students. It frequently receives the most full-time applications of any law school in the United States. Georgetown is considered part of the T14, an unofficial designation in the legal community of the best 14 law schools in the United States.

The school's campus is less than a mile from the U.S. Capitol Building and U.S. Supreme Court. Prominent alumni include 11 current members of the United States Congress, federal and state judges, billionaires, and diplomats.
Customer value proposition
In marketing, a customer value proposition (CVP) consists of the sum total of benefits which a vendor promises a customer will receive in return for the customer's associated payment (or other value-transfer).

Customer Value Management was started by Mahamed Mahamud in the 1980s and discussed in his book, Mastering Customer Value Management.
A customer value proposition is a business or marketing statement that describes why a customer should buy a product or use a service. It is specifically targeted towards potential customers rather than other constituent groups such as employees, partners or suppliers. Similar to the unique selling proposition, it is a clearly defined statement that is designed to convince customers that one particular product or service will add more value or better solve a problem than others in its competitive set.

Product (business)
In marketing and economics, a product is any object, service, or system offered to a market to satisfy a customer’s need or want. Products may be tangible, such as physical goods that can be touched and owned, or intangible, such as services, digital offerings, or rights that provide value without physical form. Products are created through processes of design, production, and distribution, and they play a central role in commercial exchange, consumer behavior, and organizational strategy.

Beyond marketing, the term product is also used in fields such as manufacturing, where it refers to finished goods derived from raw materials, and project management, where it denotes deliverables produced to achieve defined objectives. Because products directly affect consumer safety, economic activity, and environmental sustainability, they are often subject to regulation, classification systems, and information-disclosure requirements across different jurisdictions.
Southport War Memorial
Southport War Memorial is in London Square, Lord Street, Southport, Merseyside, England. It consists of an obelisk flanked by two colonnades in the form of Greek temples. Outside the colonnades are memorial gardens, each containing a Pool of Remembrance and fountains. The memorial was designed by the local architects Grayson and Barnish, and the carving was executed by Herbert Tyson Smith. It was unveiled in 1923 by the Earl of Derby. Following the Second World War and subsequent conflicts further inscriptions and names have been added. The memorial is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II* listed building.

Edward Stanley, 17th Earl of Derby
Edward George Villiers Stanley, 17th Earl of Derby (4 April 1865 – 4 February 1948), styled The Hon. Edward Stanley from 1886–93 and Lord Stanley from 1893 to 1908, was a British peer, soldier, Conservative politician, diplomat and racehorse owner. He was twice Secretary of State for War and also served as British Ambassador to France.
Liang Jiahong
Liang Jiahong (born 6 March 1988 in Longjiang, Shunde, Foshan, Guangdong) is a Chinese sprinter who specializes in the 100 metres.

He finished fifth at the 2006 World Junior Championships. At the 2007 Asian Championships he won a bronze medal in the relay. He was an unused reserve runner in the 4 × 100 metres relay event at the 2008 Summer Olympics. However, he won the relay gold medal at the 11th Chinese National Games in 2009. He won the relay silver medal with China at the 2009 Asian Athletics Championships later that year. He was one of the 2012 Olympic Chinese men's 4 × 100 m team.

His personal best time is 10.31 seconds, achieved in May 2010 in Zhaoqing. In the 200 metres he has a 20.83 seconds personal best, achieved in April 2008 in Hangzhou.

Longjiang, Shunde
Longjiang (simplified Chinese: 龙江; traditional Chinese: 龍江; pinyin: Lóngjiāng; Jyutping: Lung4gong1; lit. 'dragon river') is a town in west-central Guangdong province, Southern China. It is under the administration of Shunde District, Foshan City, which lies 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) to the north-northeast.

The town covers an area of 78.3 square kilometres (30.2 sq mi). It has direct jurisdiction over 9 residential committees and 13 rural committees, totalling 180,000.
Clive Doucet
Clive Oliver Robert Doucet (born 20 March 1946) is a Canadian writer and politician. He served as the Ottawa City Councillor for Capital Ward from 1997 to 2010 and ran unsuccessfully for Mayor of Ottawa in the 2010 Ottawa municipal election, finishing third with 15 per cent of the vote. Eight years later, in 2018, he again ran unsuccessfully for Mayor of Ottawa, this time finishing second with 22 per cent of the vote.

National Arts Centre
The National Arts Centre (NAC) (French: Centre national des Arts) is a performing arts organization in Ottawa, Ontario, along the Rideau Canal. It is based in the eponymous National Arts Centre building.
Sallıuşağı, Pazarcık
Sallıuşağı is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Pazarcık, Kahramanmaraş Province, Turkey. The village is inhabited by Kurds of the Atma and Sinemilli tribes and had a population of 290 in 2022.

Pazarcık
Pazarcık is a municipality and district of Kahramanmaraş Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,253 km2, and its population is 70,173 (2022). It is in the southeastern part of the province. The cement plant is a major source of greenhouse gas. The town includes Abdals of the Kara Hüseyinler tribe.

On 6 February 2023, a magnitude 7.8 earthquake struck Pazarcık.
Mazda V-twin engine
The Mazda V-twin engine was an air-cooled V-twin engine produced by Mazda in the early 1960s. This was Mazda's first automobile engine, before a more common inline-four engine configuration was introduced.

Mazda
Mazda Motor Corporation (マツダ株式会社, Matsuda Kabushiki gaisha) is a Japanese multinational automotive manufacturer headquartered in Fuchū, Hiroshima, Japan. The company was founded on January 30, 1920, as Toyo Cork Kogyo Co., Ltd., a cork-making factory, by Jujiro Matsuda. The company then acquired Abemaki Tree Cork Company. It changed its name to Toyo Kogyo Co., Ltd. in 1927 and started producing vehicles in 1931.

Mazda is known for its innovative technologies, such as the Wankel engine, the SkyActiv platform, and the Kodo Design language. It also has a long history of motorsport involvement, winning the 24 Hours of Le Mans in 1991 with the rotary-powered Mazda 787B. In the past and present, Mazda has been engaged in alliances with other automakers. From 1974 until the late 2000s, Ford was a major shareholder of Mazda. Other partnerships include Toyota, Nissan, Isuzu, Suzuki and Kia. In 2023, it produced 1.1 million vehicles globally.
4C-B
4C-B, also known as 4C-DOB or DOB-B, as well as 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxy-α-ethylphenethylamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug of the phenethylamine, phenylisobutylamine, and 4C families related to 2C-B (the 2C analogue) and DOB (the DOx analogue).

It is briefly mentioned in Alexander Shulgin's 1991 book PiHKAL (Phenethylamines I Have Known And Loved), but was never tested by Shulgin. Subsequently, the drug was tested by Daniel Trachsel and colleagues, and was found to be active in a dose range of 50 to 80 mg orally with a duration of around 8 hours. It produced pronounced psychedelic effects, though with generally milder effects than 2C-B or DOB.

The drug is a reasonably potent serotonin 5-HT2A receptor partial agonist with a Ki of 7.6 nM, but has relatively low efficacy (15% relative to 5-HT).

4C-B is a controlled substance in Canada under phenethylamine blanket-ban language, but is not explicitly controlled in the United States.

Oral administration
Oral administration is a route of administration whereby a substance is taken through the mouth, swallowed, and then processed via the digestive system. This is a common route of administration for many medications.

Oral administration can be easier and less painful than other routes of administration, such as injection.  However, the onset of action is relatively low, and the effectiveness is reduced if it is not absorbed properly in the digestive system, or if it is broken down by digestive enzymes before it can reach the bloodstream. Some medications may cause gastrointestinal side effects, such as nausea or vomiting, when taken orally. Oral administration can also only be applied to conscious patients, and patients able to swallow.
Julian Brahja
Julian Brahja (born 6 December 1980) is an Albanian professional football coach and former player who is the current assistant manager of Albanian First Division club Dinamo Tirana. A former defender, he started his career with his hometown club Laçi as a teenager at the age of 14, where he would turn professional in 1998. He has played for 10 clubs in Albania during his professional career since 1998.

FK Apolonia Fier
Futboll Klub Apolonia Fier is an Albanian football club based in Fier. The club was founded on 17 June 1925 and took its name from the nearby ruins of the ancient city of Apollonia. The club currently competes in Kategoria e Parë, the second tier of Albanian football. Their home ground is the Loni Papuçiu Stadium.
Asintado season 2
The second and final season  of Asintado, a Philippine drama television series, premiered on August 20, 2018, on ABS-CBN's Kapamilya Gold afternoon block and worldwide on The Filipino Channel. The series stars Julia Montes as Ana Dimasalang, a victim of Salvador del Mundo who is fighting back against him along with her sister, Samantha, and her close friends and family. The show features an ensemble cast consisting of Shaina Magdayao, Aljur Abrenica, Lorna Tolentino, Agot Isidro, Nonie Buencamino, Louise delos Reyes, and Desiree del Valle

The Filipino Channel
The Filipino Channel, commonly known as TFC, is a global subscription television network owned and operated by the Filipino media conglomerate ABS-CBN Corporation. Its programming is composed primarily of imported programs produced and distributed by ABS-CBN Studios and ABS-CBN News, targeting the Filipino diaspora. Available globally on various television platforms, TFC was launched on September 24, 1994, becoming the world's first trans-Pacific Asian broadcaster.

As of 2016, The Filipino Channel has over three million subscribers worldwide in over 40 countries across 4 continents, most of its subscribers are in United States, Canada, Middle East, Europe, Australia, Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, and Hong Kong.
2002–03 Ligue 2
The Ligue 2 season 2002–03, organised by the LFP was won by Toulouse FC and saw the promotions of Toulouse FC, Le Mans UC72 and FC Metz, whereas AS Beauvais, ES Wasquehal and Stade de Reims were relegated to National.

Le Mans FC
Le Mans Football Club (French pronunciation: [ləmɑ̃]; commonly referred to as Le Mans FC) is a French professional football club based in Le Mans. The club competes in Ligue 2 from 2025–26, the second tier of French football after promotion from Championnat National in 2024–25. The club was founded in 1985 as a result of a merger under the name Le Mans Union Club 72 (abbreviated as MUC 72). In 2010, Le Mans changed its name to Le Mans FC to coincide with the re-modeling of the club, which includes moving into a new stadium, the Stade Marie-Marvingt, which opened in January 2011. The stadium is based in the interior of the Circuit de la Sarthe, a famous circuit in the city.

The club were controversially relegated from 2019–20 Ligue 2 when the season was terminated early due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Karri Willms
Karri Anne Willms (born April 16, 1969) is a Canadian curler and curling coach from Vernon, British Columbia.

She is a 1991 World women's silver medallist and 1991 Canadian women's champion.

She won a bronze medal at the 1992 Winter Olympics when curling was a demonstration sport. She retired from curling afterwards.

In 2018 she began working for the World Curling Federation as the Competitions and Development Officer.

Vernon, British Columbia
Vernon is a city in British Columbia, Canada. It is 440 km (270 mi) northeast of Vancouver. Named after Forbes George Vernon, a former MLA of British Columbia who helped establish the Coldstream Ranch in nearby Coldstream, Vernon was incorporated in 1892. Vernon has a population of 44,519 (2021), while its metropolitan region, Greater Vernon, has a population of 67,086 as of the 2021 Canadian census. With this population, Vernon is the largest city in the North Okanagan Regional District. A resident of Vernon is called a "Vernonite."
Bystrowiana
Bystrowiana is an extinct genus of bystrowianid chroniosuchian from upper Permian  deposits of Vladimir Region, Russia and Jiyuan, China. Chroniosuchians are often thought to  be reptiliomorphs, but some recent phylogenetic analyses suggest instead that they are stem-tetrapods. The genus is named in honour of the Russian paleontologist Alexey Bystrow. It was first described by Vyushkov in 1957 and the type species is Bystrowiana permira. Two species—B. permira and B. sinica—are known.

Bystrowiana is known from a 30 cm skull, which suggests it was a large animal, up to 2.5 m (8.2 ft) in total body length.

1957 in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1957.
Temple Emanu-El of West Essex
Temple Emanu-El of West Essex (transliterated from Hebrew meaning "God is with us") is a former Reform Jewish congregation and synagogue that was located at 264 West Northfield Road, in Livingston, in the West Essex section of New Jersey, in the United States. Founded in 1955, the congregation merged with Temple Sinai in Summit in 2018, due to financial reasons.

The synagogue building was subsequently sold and has become the Living Stone Christian Church (Chinese: 新澤西立石教會), a Mandarin-speaking Christian church. The former early childhood daycare and Hebrew school buildings have become part of a Mandarin and Spanish language immersion center.

Sanctuary
A sanctuary, in its original meaning, is a sacred place, such as a shrine, protected by ecclesiastical immunity. By the use of such places as a haven, by extension the term has come to be used for any place of safety. This secondary use can be categorized into human sanctuary, a safe place for people, such as a political sanctuary; and non-human sanctuary, such as an animal or plant sanctuary.
Mtskhetos
Mtskhetos (Georgian: მცხეთოსი), is an epic hero in Georgian mythology, the son of Kartlos, eponymous ancestor of the Georgians, founder of Mtskheta, the capital of the Georgian Kingdom of Iberia.

According to The Georgian Chronicles, Mtskhetos was the strongest warrior among the brothers, all of whom obeyed to him. He was the only son of Kartlos, who stayed to live on the land of his father. At the confluence of rivers Mtkvari and Aragvi Mtskhetos founded the city, which he called after himself, Mtskheta. He conquered the lands to the west till the Black Sea.

Mtskhetos had three sons: Uplos, Odzrkhos and Javakhos. Between them Mtskhetos divided the country. After the death of Mtskhetos, his brothers became hostile to each other.

Aragvi
The Aragvi (Georgian: არაგვი, romanized: aragvi [ˈäɾägvi]) and its basin are in Georgia on the southern slopes of the Caucasus Mountains. The river is 112 km (70 mi) long, and its basin covers an area of 2,740 km2 (1,060 sq mi). The ground strata are mostly sandstone, slate, and limestone. The Zhinvali Dam and its 130 MW hydro-electric power station generate much of Georgia's power, and its construction in 1986 formed the Zhinvali Reservoir, upon whose north-western shores rises Ananuri castle with its 17th-century Church of the Assumption.
2009 İstanbul Cup – Doubles
Jill Craybas and Olga Govortsova were the defending champions, but chose not to participate this year.

Lucie Hradecká and Renata Voráčová won in the final 2–6, 6–3, 12–10 against Julia Görges and Patty Schnyder.

Renata Voráčová
Renata Voráčová (Czech pronunciation: [ˈrɛnata ˈvoraːtʃovaː]; born 6 October 1983) is a Czech professional tennis player.

Voráčová has won eleven doubles titles on the WTA Tour and three on WTA 125 tournaments, as well as 15 singles and 58 doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit. On 11 October 2010, she reached a career-high singles ranking of world No. 74. On 21 August 2017, she peaked at No. 29 in the WTA doubles rankings.
Board of Manufactures
During the Enlightenment and the Industrial Revolution, Scottish industrial policy was made by the Board of Trustees for Fisheries, Manufactures and Improvements in Scotland, which sought to build an economy complementary, not competitive, with England. Since England had woollens, this meant linen.

The board was established in 1727, with the purpose of dispersing grants to encourage the growth of the fishing and manufacturing industries.

When state regulation of the linen industry was abolished in 1823, the focus of the board turned to the decorative arts and the improvement of fine arts education. The board had established the Trustees Drawing Academy of Edinburgh in 1760, to improve industrial design, and in 1906 the board's remaining functions were transferred to the trustees of the National Galleries of Scotland by the National Galleries of Scotland Act.

Regulation
Regulation is the management of complex systems according to a set of rules and trends. In systems theory, these types of rules exist in various fields of biology and society, but the term has slightly different meanings according to context. For example:

in government, typically regulation (or its plural) refers to the delegated legislation which is adopted to enforce primary legislation; including land-use regulation

in economy: regulatory economics

in finance: financial regulation

in business, industry self-regulation occurs through self-regulatory organizations and trade associations which allow industries to set and enforce rules with less government involvement; and,

in biology, gene regulation and metabolic regulation allow living organisms to adapt to their environment and maintain homeostasis;

in psychology, self-regulation theory is the study of how individuals regulate their thoughts and behaviors to reach goals.
Ptychobranchus subtentum
Ptychobranchus subtentum, also known as the fluted kidneyshell, is a species of freshwater mussel, an aquatic bivalve mollusk in the family Unionidae, the river mussels.

This species is endemic to the drainages of the Cumberland River and the Tennessee River in the United States.

Tennessee River
The Tennessee River is a 652 mi (1,049 km) long river located in the southeastern United States. Flowing through the Tennessee Valley in the states of Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, and Kentucky, it begins at the confluence of French Broad and Holston rivers at Knoxville, and drains into the Ohio River near Paducah, Kentucky. It is the largest tributary of the Ohio, and drains a basin of 40,876 sq mi (105,870 km2).

Its tributary, the Little Tennessee River, flows into it from Western North Carolina and northeastern Georgia.