hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Arthur R. Nichols
Arthur R. Nichols was a landscape architect who practiced in New York City and Minnesota in a long career from 1902 through 1960. He was a very productive landscape architect who was instrumental in bringing the field of landscape architecture to Minnesota.

Nichols was born in Springfield, Massachusetts on April 15, 1881. He attended the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and was the first graduate from its landscape architecture program in 1902. He started his career in the office of Charles Wellford Leavitt and worked there until 1909.  One of the projects that Leavitt's firm had designed was Glensheen Historic Estate in Duluth, Minnesota. Nichols worked on that project, along with Anthony Morell, and the two of them moved to Minnesota and established an architectural partnership in 1909.

Landscape architect
A landscape architect is a person who is educated and trained in the field of landscape architecture.

According to the International Federation of Landscape Architects, which draws on International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO/08, 2162), the profession is defined as:

Landscape Architects plan, design and manage natural and built environments, applying aesthetic and scientific principles to address ecological sustainability, quality and health of landscapes, collective memory, heritage and culture, and territorial justice.

Other definitions emphasise the technical and regulatory aspects of practice. For example, landscape architecture may include site analysis and inventory, land and site planning, planting design, grading and earthworks, nature based solutions, stormwater management, sustainable design, engagement, construction specification, and ensuring compliance with building codes, planning policy, and environmental regulation.
Cogmanskloof Pass
Cogmanskloof Pass is a mountain pass in Western Cape, South Africa, on the R62 provincial road over the Langeberg between Ashton in the Boland and Montagu in the Little Karoo. The pass was built by Thomas Charles John Bain and completed in 1877 as one of the first routes inland through that mountain range.

Thomas Charles John Bain
Thomas Charles John Bain (29 September 1830 – 29 September 1893) was a South African road engineer. As a prolific road building pioneer, Bain was responsible for the planning and construction of more than 900 km of roads and mountain passes, many of them still in use today, over a career spanning from 1848 until 1888. These passes through the mountain ranges between the thin coastal plain and the interior of the former Cape Colony in South Africa, played a major role in opening up the vast hinterland of South Africa.
Rolf Degerlund
Rolf Harry Degerlund (born 8 December 1952 in Gunnarsbyn) is a Swedish actor. Rolf is married to Kerstin Degerlund, Graphic designer.                    Rolf is the Theatre Director for the Sami National Theatre in Norway since 2016. He has been married to Lotta Gröning.

After studying at Kalix folkhögskola, Degerlund studied at Marcel Marceau's theatre school in Ireland and at Josef Szajna's studio theatre in Warsaw. In 1975 Degerlund worked for the TV theatre in Gothenburg and 1978 for TV in Sundsvall. In 1978 he was engaged as actor at Norrbottensteatern where he was theatre chief 1988–2001.

In 2002 Degerlund founded the Ice Globe Theatre in Jukkasjärvi, a theatre which is a copy of Shakespeare's Globe, except that it's built of ice and snow, and in 2004 he received the Innovation Award in London for his "innovative" theatre.

Sundsvall
Sundsvall (Swedish: [ˈsɵ̂nː(d)sval] ⓘ), or Sundsvall och Timrå is a city and the seat of Sundsvall Municipality in Västernorrland County, Sweden. As of 2023, the city has a population of 70,918; nearly 100,000 live in the municipal area. It is Sweden's 17th largest city by population. The city is widely known for its stone buildings in the city centre, known as "Stenstaden".
Monaco succession crisis of 1918
A succession crisis arose in the Principality of Monaco in 1918 because France objected to the prospect of a German national inheriting the Monegasque throne. Prince Albert I had only one legitimate child, the Hereditary Prince Louis, then heir apparent to the principality. As World War I drew to a close, Prince Louis, at the age of forty-eight, remained without legitimate issue, unmarried, and unbetrothed.

Duke of Valentinois
Duke of Valentinois (French: Duc de Valentinois; Italian: Duca Valentino) is a title of nobility, originally in the French peerage. It is currently one of the many hereditary titles claimed by the Prince of Monaco despite its extinction in French law in 1949. Though it originally indicated administrative control of the Duchy of Valentinois, based around the city of Valence, the duchy has since become part of France, making the title simply one of courtesy.

It has been created at least four times: on August 17, 1498, for Cesare Borgia, in 1548 for Diane of Poitiers, in 1642 for Prince Honoré II of Monaco, and most recently in 1715 for Prince Jacques I of Monaco.
Yuny
Yuny was also the name of a viceroy of Kush.

Yuny or Iuny was an official through the reign of Seti I, in the 19th Dynasty, serving as chief scribe of the court, the overseer of priests, and royal steward. His tomb at Deir Durunka, south of Asyut, portrays Yuny as an hereditary prince and a count. A life-sized statue of him was discovered in the tomb of his son. Another statue shows him alone offering a shrine with a figure of Osiris.

Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt
The Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XIX), also known as the Ramessid  dynasty, is classified as the second Dynasty of the Ancient Egyptian New Kingdom period, lasting from 1292 BC to 1189 BC. The 19th Dynasty and the 20th Dynasty furthermore together constitute an era known as the Ramesside period. This Dynasty was founded by Vizier Ramesses I, whom Pharaoh Horemheb chose as his successor to the throne.
Drake University Law School
Drake University Law School is the law school affiliated with Drake University, located in Des Moines, Iowa. Over 330 full-time students attend the institution. Roscoe Jones, Jr. serves as the dean of the Law School.

Founded in 1865, Drake Law School is one of the 25 oldest law schools in the United States. It was established by Iowa Supreme Court justices George G. Wright and Chester Cole, who aimed to teach law in proximity to the courts so students could witness the law in action.

Iowa House of Representatives
41°35′28″N 93°36′14″W﻿ / ﻿41.591°N 93.604°W﻿ / 41.591; -93.604

The Iowa House of Representatives is the lower house of the Iowa General Assembly, the upper house being the Iowa Senate. There are 100 seats in the Iowa House of Representatives, representing 100 single-member districts across the state, formed by dividing the 50 Senate districts in half. Each district has a population of approximately 30,464 as of the 2010 United States census. The House of Representatives meets at the Iowa State Capitol in Des Moines.

Unlike the upper house, the Iowa Senate, state House representatives serve two-year terms with the whole chamber up for re-election in even-numbered years. There are no term limits for the House.
Massachusetts House of Representatives' 4th Essex district
Massachusetts House of Representatives' 4th Essex district is one of 160 districts included in the lower house of the Massachusetts General Court. It covers parts of the cities of Methuen and Lawrence in Essex County. Democrat Estela Reyes of Lawrence has represented the district since 2023.

Massachusetts Democratic Party
The Massachusetts Democratic Party (MassDems) is the affiliate of the Democratic Party in Massachusetts. It is chaired by Steve Kerrigan and is the dominant party in the state, controlling all nine of the state's U.S. House seats, both U.S. Senate seats, all six elected statewide offices including the governorship, and supermajorities in both houses of the state legislature.
Etlingera sericea
Etlingera sericea is a monocotyledonous plant species first described by Henry Nicholas Ridley, and given its current name by Rosemary Margaret Smith. Etlingera sericea is part of the genus Etlingera and the family Zingiberaceae.

The species' range is Sumatra. No subspecies are listed in the Catalog of Life.

Zingiberaceae
Zingiberaceae, the ginger family, is a family of flowering plants containing 58 genera and about 1600 described species distributed globally in the tropics and subtropics. They are aromatic perennial herbs with creeping rhizomes, sometimes tuberous. Basal leaf sheathing forms a pseudostem taller than their true stems which emerge unbranched. Flowers are typically zygomorphic (bilaterally symmetrical) and inflorescence is raceme. Fruit is typically a dry capsule and seeds are arillate.

Ancient fossils and phylogenetics indicate the Zingiberaceae evolved in Africa during the mid-Cretaceous period. The dispersal of these plants across Asia, the Americas, and Australia followed the expansion of tropical rain forest habitat soon after this period.
Lizzy Hawker
Elizabeth Hawker (born 10 March 1976) is a British endurance athlete. Her career highlights include five wins at the Ultra-Trail du Mont-Blanc (UTMB), as well as the 2006 IAU 100 km World Championships. She is a former world record-holder at the 24 hour distance. She has also worked as an oceanographer and climate change researcher.

British Antarctic Survey
The British Antarctic Survey (BAS) is the United Kingdom's national polar research institute. It has a dual purpose, to conduct polar science, enabling better understanding of global issues, and to provide an active presence in the Antarctic on behalf of the UK. It is part of the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC). With over 400 staff, BAS takes an active role in Antarctic affairs, operating five research stations, one ship and five aircraft in both polar regions, as well as addressing key global and regional issues. This involves joint research projects with over 40 UK universities and more than 120 national and international collaborations.

Having taken shape from activities during World War II, it was known as the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey until 1962.
Broad Water
Broad Water, or Broadwater (Welsh: Aber Dysynni) is a salt water lagoon near Tywyn, Wales formed from the silted up estuary of the River Dysynni. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the estuary was used by the shipbuilding industry, as small sailing ships were launched to carry peat from the local peat bogs. This industry was abandoned in the nineteenth century when the estuary became too silted up, forming the lagoon. The outflow of the lagoon flows beneath a railway bridge before entering Cardigan Bay.

The area is a haven for many wetland birds, and it has been designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest.

Cardigan Bay
Cardigan Bay (Welsh: Bae Ceredigion) is a large inlet of the Irish Sea, indenting the west coast of Wales between Bardsey Island, Gwynedd in the north, and Strumble Head, Pembrokeshire at its southern end. It is the largest bay in Wales.
Disphragis notabilis
Disphragis notabilis is a moth of the family Notodontidae first described by William Schaus in 1906. It is found throughout the Amazon basin from western Venezuela east- and southward to at least Bolivia. The range includes French Guiana.

The length of the forewings is 17 mm for males and 20.9 mm. There is a broad tan subcostal streak from the base of the wing to the apex. This streak encloses a chocolate reniform spot and has several slightly darker brown lines crossing obliquely from the costa. There is a basal dash below the streak, perpendicular to the thorax, as well as a white streak below the dash. There is a warm brown patch distal to the white streak, bordered by white. The hindwings are fuscous with a darker margin and weak darker brown anal markings almost forming a spot.

William Schaus
William Schaus (January 11, 1858, in New York City – June 20, 1942) was an American entomologist who became known for his major contribution to the knowledge and description of new species of the Neotropical Lepidoptera.
116 Hospital Street, Nantwich
116 Hospital Street (also 116 and 118 Hospital Street) is a substantial townhouse in Nantwich, Cheshire, England, located on the south side of Hospital Street (at SJ6548852178). It is listed at grade II. The present building, of Georgian appearance, incorporates an earlier timber-framed house, which probably dates in part from the 15th century. Local historian Jane Stevenson calls it "the most interesting house in Hospital Street", and considers it might be "the oldest surviving residence in Nantwich."

Number 116 is one of a group of houses dating originally from the 15th and 16th centuries at the end of Hospital Street, which include Churche's Mansion, numbers 140–142 and The Rookery (number 125). These buildings survived the fire of 1583, which destroyed the town end of Hospital Street together with much of the centre of Nantwich. Number 116 is believed to stand near the site of the medieval Hospital of St Nicholas, which gives Hospital Street its name.

Hospital of St Nicholas, Nantwich
The Hospital of St Nicholas (variously known as St Nicholas Hospital, the Hospice of St Nicholas and the free Chapel and Hospice of St Nicholas) was a medieval hospital for travellers, which gave its name to Hospital Street in the English town of Nantwich in Cheshire. Founded in 1083–84 by William Malbank, first baron of Nantwich, it was dissolved in 1548 and probably later demolished.
Pierre Sabatié
Pierre Sabatie is a French former professional rugby league footballer who played for the Villeneuve Leopards in the Elite One Championship. He is a France international. He is the son of former French rugby league international Christian Sabatié.

In June 2008, he was in the France team for their match against England. In August, he was named in the France training squad for the 2008 Rugby League World Cup, but was not selected for the final squad.

Villeneuve XIII RLLG
Villeneuve XIII originally called Sports Athletic Villeneuvois XIII are a semi-professional rugby league team based in Villeneuve-sur-Lot in the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine in south-western France. Formed in 1934, the first French rugby league club, they currently play in the Super XIII the highest level of rugby league in France. They have won both the league title and the cup on nine occasions. Their home stadium is the Stade Max Rousie.
Lotus FM
Lotus FM (formerly, Radio Lotus) is a South African national radio station based in Durban, loosely similar to the BBC Asian Network in the United Kingdom, that caters for the needs of the Indian South African community. It combines a mix of Indian music, news, current affairs, interviews and entertainment. Lotus FM targets South African Indians between the ages of 25-34 (core) and 35-49 (secondary) in the LSM 7-10 segment.

Lotus FM has occasionally been the subject of complaints, with people of South Indian descent claiming that the station's broadcasts favour Hindi music over Tamil music.

The Lotus FM studio complex is based at the SABC in Durban, next to the famous Kingsmead Cricket stadium.

Kingsmead Cricket Ground
Kingsmead Cricket Ground is a cricket ground in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Its stated capacity is 25,000, although grass terracing makes up part of the viewing area. The 'end names' are the Umgeni End (north) and the Old Fort Road End (south). It is the home ground of the Dolphins.

In October 2019, Hollywoodbets was announced as the naming rights sponsor of the ground, which is now known as Hollywoodbets Kingsmead Stadium until August 2024.
1952 Baule Grand Prix
The 11th Grand Prix de La Baule was a Formula Two motor race held on 24 August 1952 in La Baule-Escoublac, France. It was round 8, and the final round, of Les Grands Prix de France Championship. Race distance was determined by time rather than the number of laps, the result being declared after 3 hours. The race was won from pole position by Alberto Ascari in a Ferrari 500. Ascari's teammate Luigi Villoresi finished second and set fastest lap, and Louis Rosier in his privateer 500 was third.

Louis Rosier
Louis Claude Rosier (French pronunciation: [lwi ʁozje]; 5 November 1905 – 29 October 1956) was a French racing driver and motorsport executive, who competed in Formula One from 1950 to 1956. In endurance racing, Rosier won the 24 Hours of Le Mans in 1950 in a privateer Talbot-Lago T26C-GS.

Rosier competed in Formula One under his own Écurie Rosier banner, making privateer entries in machinery from Talbot-Lago, Ferrari, and Maserati; he also competed for the works teams of Talbot and Maserati, the former of which he scored back-to-back podium finishes with at the Swiss and Belgian Grands Prix in 1950.

Rosier competed in nine editions of the 24 Hours of Le Mans between 1938 and 1956, winning in 1950 alongside his son Jean-Louis Rosier, which remains the only father-and-son victory in Le Mans history. In October 1956, Rosier died as a result of injuries sustained whilst sportscar racing in a Ferrari 750 Monza at Montlhéry.
Jazz-Iz-Christ
Jazz-Iz-Christ is the only studio album by Jazz-iz Christ, a group fronted by Armenian–American singer Serj Tankian. The album was released on July 23, 2013, by Serjical Strike Records.

The album has essential participation of the renowned pianist Tigran Hamasyan, flautist Valeri Tolstov, and trumpet player Tom Duprey. It also features additional performances from Stewart Copeland and actor/musician David Alpay and Vincent Pedulla. Unlike much of Tankian's previous discography, only 4 of the 15 tracks features Serj's vocals ("Distant Thing", "Song of Sand", "Garuna", and "Miso Soup"). All the other tracks are instrumental, except for "End of Time", which features a female vocalist.

According to Tankian, Jazz-Iz-Christ is "a combination. There's some classic jazz, dance-y stuff, and progressive things. It's all over the place, but it's jazz instrument-wise. It's for a modern listener who appreciates jazz overtones."

David Alpay
David Alpay (born October 6, 1980), is a Canadian actor, musician and producer, known for playing Mark Smeaton in the Showtime series The Tudors and Jade in the MGM+ science fiction horror series From.
Eiker, Modum og Sigdal District Court
Eiker, Modum og Sigdal District Court (Norwegian: Eiker, Modum og Sigdal tingrett) was a district court in Buskerud county, Norway. The court was based in Hokksund. The court existed until 2016. It had jurisdiction over the municipalities of Krødsherad, Modum, Nedre Eiker, Sigdal, and Øvre Eiker. Cases from this court could be appealed to Borgarting Court of Appeal.

The court was a court of first instance. Its judicial duties were mainly to settle criminal cases and to resolve civil litigation as well as bankruptcy. The administration and registration tasks of the court included death registration, issuing certain certificates, performing duties of a notary public, and officiating civil wedding ceremonies. Cases from this court were heard by a combination of professional judges and lay judges.

Lay judge
A lay judge, sometimes called a lay assessor, is a person assisting a judge in a trial. Lay judges are used in some civil law jurisdictions. Lay judges are appointed volunteers and often require some legal instruction. However, they are not permanent officers. They attend proceedings about once a month, and often receive only nominal or "costs covered" pay. Lay judges are usually used when the country does not have juries. Lay judges may be randomly selected for a single trial (as jurors are), or politically appointed. In the latter case they may usually not be rejected by the prosecution, the defense, or the permanent judges. Lay judges are similar to magistrates of England and Wales, but magistrates sit about twice as often.
Pogonocherus ovatus
Pogonocherus ovatus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Johann August Ephraim Goeze in 1777, originally under the genus Cerambyx. It has a wide distribution throughout Europe, although it has become extinct in several countries, including Luxembourg, Belgium and the Netherlands. It measures between 4 and 6 mm (0.16 and 0.24 in). It contains the varietas Pogonocherus ovatus var. subovatus.

P. ovatus feeds on Corylus avellana, Abies alba, Abies cephalonica, Ilex aquifolium, and Castanea sativa.

Corylus avellana
Corylus avellana, the common hazel, is a species of flowering plant in the birch family Betulaceae. The shrubs usually grow 3–8 metres (10–26 feet) tall. The nut is round, in contrast to the longer filbert nut. Common hazel is native to Europe and Western Asia.

The species is mainly cultivated for its nuts. The name 'hazelnut' applies to the nuts of any species in the genus Corylus, but in commercial contexts usually describes C. avellana. This hazelnut or cob nut, the kernel of the seed, is edible and used raw, roasted, or ground into a paste. Historically, the shrub was an important component of the hedgerows used as field boundaries in lowland England. The wood was grown as coppice, with the poles used for wattle-and-daub building and agricultural fencing.
The Taking of Pelham One Two Three
The Taking of Pelham One Two Three or The Taking of Pelham 123 can refer to:

The Taking of Pelham One Two Three (novel), a 1973 thriller novel by Morton Freedgood writing as "John Godey"

The Taking of Pelham One Two Three (1974 film), a film adaptation directed by Joseph Sargent and starring Walter Matthau and Robert Shaw

The Taking of Pelham One Two Three (1998 film), a television movie directed by Félix Enríquez Alcalá and starring Edward James Olmos and Vincent D'Onofrio

The Taking of Pelham 123 (2009 film), a film adaptation directed by Tony Scott and starring Denzel Washington and John Travolta

The Taking of Pelham 123 (2009 film)
The Taking of Pelham 123 is a 2009 American action thriller film directed by Tony Scott from a screenplay by Brian Helgeland. It is the third film adaptation of the John Godey novel of the same name (following the 1974 theatrical film and 1998 television film). The film is about a train dispatcher (Denzel Washington), who is pressed into the role of negotiator after a criminal (John Travolta) hijacks a subway car of passengers. The film was released by Sony Pictures Releasing on June 12, 2009. It grossed $150.2 million against a production budget of $100–110 million and received mixed reviews from critics.
Francis Sanziri
Francis Vib Sanziri (1957 – 19 April 2019) was a Ghanaian military officer who served in the Ghana Army. He rose to the rank of Major General and served as the Director General of Joint Operations at the General Headquarters of the Ghana Army in Accra. He was appointed by President John Dramani Mahama to serve as the 6th National Coordinator of the National Disaster Management Organization. He held the position from May 2015 to March 2017. He was appointed head of the UNDOF in October 2017.

He died of heart attack on 19 April 2019, at the age of 61.

Director general
A director general, general director or director-general (plural: directors general, general directors, directors-general, director generals or director-generals) is a senior executive officer, often the chief executive officer, within a governmental, statutory, NGO, third sector or not-for-profit institution. The term is commonly used in many countries worldwide, but with various meanings.