hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Deutsche Akademie für Sprache und Dichtung
The Deutsche Akademie für Sprache und Dichtung (in English German Academy for Language and Literature) was founded on 28 August 1949, on the 200th birthday of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, in the Paulskirche in Frankfurt. It is seated in Darmstadt, since 1971 in the Glückert House at the Darmstadt Artists' Colony. It is a society of writers and scholars on matters pertaining to German language and literature in the Deutsche sprachraum, or Germanosphere.

Geographical distribution of German speakers
This article details the geographical distribution of speakers of the German language, regardless of the legislative status within the countries where it is spoken. In addition to the Germanosphere (German: Deutscher Sprachraum) in Europe, German-speaking minorities are present in many other countries and on all six inhabited continents.

Mostly depending on the inclusion or exclusion of certain varieties with a disputed status as separate languages or which were later acknowledged as separate languages (e.g., Low German/Plautdietsch), it is estimated that approximately 90–95 million people speak German as a first language, 10–25 million as a second language, and 75–100 million as a foreign language. This would imply approximately 175–220 million German speakers worldwide.
Whitney umbrella
In geometry, the Whitney umbrella or Whitney's umbrella, named after American mathematician Hassler Whitney, and sometimes called a Cayley umbrella, is a specific self-intersecting ruled surface placed in three dimensions.  It is the union of all straight lines that pass through points of a fixed parabola and are perpendicular to a fixed straight line which is parallel to the axis of the parabola and lies on its perpendicular bisecting plane.

Union (set theory)
In set theory, the union (denoted by ∪) of a collection of sets is the set of all elements in the collection. It is one of the fundamental operations through which sets can be combined and related to each other. 
A nullary union refers to a union of zero (⁠⁠) sets and it is by definition equal to the empty set.

For explanation of the symbols used in this article, refer to the table of mathematical symbols.
Kim Ŭnbu
Kim Ŭnbu (Korean: 김은부; Hanja: 金殷傅; 968 – June 11, 1017) was a Korean official who served the Goryeo dynasty and was a powerful in-law of King Hyeonjong. As the patriarch of the Ansan Kim clan, Kim forged familiar relationships with the ruling House of Wang as well as the Gyeongwon Yi clan.

Incheon Lee clan
The Incheon Lee clan (Korean: 인천 이씨; Hanja: 仁川 李氏) is a Korean clan. Historically known as the Gyeongwon Yi clan or Inju Yi clan, it was one of the most powerful clans in the early Goryeo period due to their status as in-laws of the ruling House of Wang. According to the 2015 South Korean census, there were 83,855 members of this clan.
Cryptothecia
Cryptothecia is a genus of white to greenish crustose lichens that grow on bark, wood, or leaves, in tropical or subtropical areas worldwide. It has a conspicuous prothallus that develops around its periphery which can be bright red in some species, hence the common name wreath lichen. The main vegetative body (thallus) lacks a cortex (ecorticate and is often immersed in the substrate or byssoid (whispy, like teased wool). The medulla is white, well defined, and often peppered with calcium oxalate crystals. Ascomata are not well defined, being cushions of soft white mycelium immersed in the medullary tissue, hence the name from the Greek krypto = "to conceal" and theke = "a container or sheath". It contains Trentepohlia, a green alga, as its photobiont partner.

Two species have been described in North America. At least one species, Cryptothecia rubrocincta, has been used in Brazil as a source of dye.

Cortex (botany)
In botany, a cortex is an outer layer of a stem or root in a vascular plant, lying below the epidermis but outside of the vascular bundles. The cortex is composed mostly of large thin-walled parenchyma cells of the ground tissue system and shows little to no structural differentiation. The outer cortical cells often acquire irregularly thickened cell walls, and are called collenchyma cells.
Rapti Highway
Rapti Highway or NH55 (previously: H11) (Nepali: राप्ती राजमार्ग) is a highway in central Nepal that crosses the districts of Dang, Salyan and West Rukum in a south to north direction.
The 176 km highway branches off Mahendra Highway in Satbariya towards Tulsipur in the North, where it intersects with Feeder Road 15 just north of Dang Airport, a road that connects the highway to the district headquarter of Dang, Ghorahi. Rapti Highway then follows Sharada River and passes the municipalities of Sharada and Bagchaur. From there, the highway runs towards Musikot Khalanga, the district headquarter of West Rukum District, where it terminates.

Salyan District, Nepal
Salyan District (Nepali: सल्यान जिल्लाListenⓘ IPA: [sʌljan]) in Karnali Province, is one of the seventy-seven districts of Nepal. Salyan covers an area of 1,462 km2 (564 sq mi) with a population of 213,500 in 2001 and 241,716 in 2011. The district's administrative center is named Salyan or Salyan Khalanga, today it is part of Shaarada Municipality.

The district is known for its Hindu temples including Shiva temples in Chhayachhetra and Laxmipur, and the Devi temple at Khairabang in Shaarada municipality, one of nine in Nepal.
Kvalsund Tunnel
The Kvalsund Tunnel (Norwegian: Kvalsundtunnelen) is a subsea road tunnel which links the islands of Kvaløya and Ringvassøya in Tromsø Municipality in Troms county, Norway.  Located along Norwegian County Road 863, the tunnel runs under the Kvalsundet strait between the villages of Sørhelltaren and Nordhella.  The 1,650-metre (5,410 ft) long tunnel was completed in 1988 and it reaches a depth of −56 metres (−184 ft) below sea level. The tunnel replaced a ferry connection between the islands.

Troms
Troms (Norwegian: [trʊms] ⓘ; Northern Sami: Romsa; Kven: Tromssa; Finnish: Tromssa) is a  county in northern Norway. It borders Finnmark county to the northeast and Nordland county in the southwest. Norrbotten Län in Sweden is located to the south and further southeast is a shorter border with Lapland Province in Finland. To the west is the Norwegian Sea (Atlantic Ocean). The county had a population of 169,610 in 2024.

The entire county, which was established in 1866, is located north of the Arctic Circle. The Troms County Municipality is the governing body for the county, elected by the people of Troms, while the Troms county governor is a representative of the King and Government of Norway.

From January 2020 to December 2023, Troms was merged with the neighboring Finnmark county to create the new Troms og Finnmark county. This merger was reversed by the government resulting from the 2021 Norwegian parliamentary election.
Una giornata uggiosa
Una giornata uggiosa (A gloomy day) is the fourteenth studio album by the Italian singer and songwriter Lucio Battisti. It was released in January 1980 by Numero Uno.

The album was Italy's fifth best-selling album in 1980. It was also the last one to feature his collaboration with lyricist Mogol. It was recorded at the Townhouse Studios and CTS in London, and mixed at The Manor Studio in Oxfordshire between June and December 1979.

The Manor Studio
The Manor Studio (a.k.a. the Manor) was a recording studio in the outbuildings of the manor house in the village of Shipton-on-Cherwell in Oxfordshire, England, north of the city of Oxford. Established in 1971 by Virgin Records founder Richard Branson, the Manor was the second residential recording studio in the United Kingdom, the first being Rockfield Studios in Monmouthshire, Wales, established in 1964. The studio served as the location for numerous notable recordings in the 1970s and 80s by artists including Mike Oldfield, Tangerine Dream, Public Image Ltd, and XTC.
Bertha of Aragon
Bertha (c. 1075 – bef. 1111) was a Queen consort of Aragon and Navarre. Nothing is known about her childhood or the names of her parents.

She was married to Peter I of Aragon in 1097, shortly after the death of Peter's first wife, Agnes of Aquitaine, with whom he had two children: Peter and Isabella. Bertha and Peter had no children.

Peter and Isabella were both dead by 1104 and King Peter needed an heir. They had no children and Peter died the following year. The crown of Aragon and Navarre passed to Peter's half-brother Alfonso.

Bertha got a dower but Alfonso got all of Peter's lands. It is unknown when Bertha died or where she died.

Genealogist Szabolcs de Vajay has speculated that Bertha may have been a daughter of Peter I, Count of Savoy, and another Agnes of Aquitaine, perhaps the Agnes who was the final wife of Peter's grandfather Ramiro I of Aragon and first-cousin of Peter's own first wife.

Peter I, Count of Savoy
Peter I (c. 1048 – 9 August 1078) was count of Savoy and margrave of Turin jointly with his brother Amadeus II of Savoy from c. 1060 to 1078. He ruled only nominally, as true power was in the hands of his mother, Adelaide of Susa.

Peter presided over court hearings alongside Adelaide and also issued several donation charters with her and his brothers Amadeus II of Savoy and Otto. Shortly before his death, Peter united with Bishop Cunibert of Turin in an attempt to drive Abbot Benedict II from his abbey of San Michele della Chiusa.

Peter married Agnes of Aquitaine, c.1065. They had two daughters:

Agnes (d.after 1110), who married Frederick of Montbéliard in 1080. After marrying Agnes, Frederick became Margrave of Turin (r.1080-1091).

Alice (d.ca 1111), who may have married Margrave Boniface of Vasto and Saluzzo in 1099
Unnai Ninaithu
Unnai Ninaithu (transl. Thinking about you) is a 2002 Indian Tamil-language romantic drama film written and directed by Vikraman. It stars Suriya, Laila and Sneha in the lead roles while Ramesh Khanna, Charle, R. Sundarrajan and Ramji play supporting roles. The film was released on 10 May 2002 and became a commercial success. It was remade into Telugu by the same director as Cheppave Chirugali (2004) and unofficially in Kannada as Krishna (2007).

Charle
Velmurugan Thangasamy Manohar (born 6 March 1960), professionally credited as Charle (/tʃɑːrli/), is an Indian actor who works in Tamil cinema. He has acted in more than 800 Tamil films as a comedian and supporting actor. Charle was named after the English actor Charlie Chaplin.
La Combe railway station
La Combe railway station (French: Gare de La Combe) is a railway station in the municipality of Montfaucon, in the Swiss canton of Jura. It is an intermediate stop and a request stop on the 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) metre gauge La Chaux-de-Fonds–Glovelier line of the Chemins de fer du Jura.

La Chaux-de-Fonds–Glovelier line
The La Chaux-de-Fonds–Glovelier line is a 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) railway line in the cantons of Jura, Bern, and Neuchâtel in Switzerland.  The line was originally built by two companies, the Chemin de fer Saignelégier-La Chaux-de-Fonds and Régional Saignelégier–Glovelier, and has been owned and operated by the Chemins de fer du Jura since 1944.
Antonitsch
Antonitsch is an Austrian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alex Antonitsch (born 1966), Austrian tennis player

Mira Antonitsch (born 1998), Austrian tennis player, daughter of Alex

Nico Antonitsch (born 1991), Austrian footballer

Alex Antonitsch
Alexander Antonitsch (born 8 February 1966) is a former tennis player from Austria, who turned professional in 1988.

Antonitsch won one singles title (1990, Seoul) and four doubles titles during his career. The right-hander reached his highest singles ATP-ranking on 9 July 1990, when he became the world No. 40.

From 1983 to 1996, he was a member of the Austrian Davis Cup team, playing 27 matches, mainly doubles; his biggest Davis Cup success was reaching the semifinals in 1990, when the Austrian team was on the brink of reaching the finals against the later 1990 Davis Cup winner USA.
Jean Gordon (Red Cross)
Jean Gordon (February 4, 1915 – January 8, 1946) was an American socialite and a Red Cross worker during World War II. A niece by marriage of General George S. Patton, some writers claim she had a long affair with Patton, allegedly beginning years before the war and continuing behind the front lines of wartime Europe. The published memoirs of Gordon's good friend, Patton's daughter Ruth Ellen, who also collaborated on her nephew Robert's work on the Pattons, as well as correspondence from Patton's wife, Beatrice, reveals that the family considered Gordon and Patton to have been in a romantic relationship. Patton's scholarly biographers disagree.  After her lover (a junior officer) returned to his wife, and shortly after Patton died, she committed suicide.

Boston Herald
The Boston Herald is an American conservative daily newspaper whose primary market is Boston, Massachusetts, and its surrounding area. It was founded in 1846 and is one of the oldest daily newspapers in the United States. It has been awarded eight Pulitzer Prizes in its history, including four for editorial writing and three for photography before it was converted to tabloid format in 1981.

In December 2017, the Herald filed for bankruptcy. On February 14, 2018, Digital First Media successfully bid $11.9 million to purchase the company in a bankruptcy auction; the acquisition was completed on March 19, 2018. As of August 2018, the paper had approximately 110 total employees, compared to about 225 before the sale.
Takasu Domain
The Takasu Domain (高須藩, Takasu-han) was a Japanese domain located in Mino Province (present-day Kaizu, Gifu). For most of its history, it was ruled by the Takasu-Matsudaira, a branch of the Tokugawa clan of Owari Domain.

Matsudaira Katamori, Matsudaira Sadaaki, Tokugawa Yoshikatsu, and Tokugawa Mochinaga, four important figures in Bakumatsu-era Japan, were the sons of Matsudaira Yoshitatsu, one of Takasu's last daimyō.

Tokugawa Yoshikatsu
Tokugawa Yoshikatsu (徳川 慶勝; April 14, 1824 – August 1, 1883) was a Japanese daimyō of the late Edo period, who ruled the Owari Domain as its 14th (1849–1858) and 17th daimyō (1870–1880). He was the brother of Matsudaira Katamori. His childhood name was Hidenosuke (秀之助).
Emile St. Godard
Emile St. Godard (15 August 1905 - 26 March 1948) was a Canadian dog musher and dog sled racer from Winnipeg, Manitoba. He was a renowned musher in the 1920s and 1930s, with much of his fame derived from racing Leonard Seppala and his victory in the demonstration race at the 1932 Winter Olympics at Lake Placid, New York. In 1956 he became the only dog sled racer to be entered into Canada's Sports Hall of Fame.

Mushing
Mushing is a sport or transport method powered by dogs, either by cart, pulk, dog scootering, sled dog racing, skijoring, freighting, and weight pulling. More specifically, it implies the use of one or more dogs to pull a sled, most commonly a specialized type of dog sled on snow, or a rig on dry land.
Steal a Base, Steal a Taco
Steal a Base, Steal a Taco is a marketing gimmick by Taco Bell in which free tacos are offered to all customers in the United States of America to commemorate the first stolen base in Major League Baseball's World Series.

Taco
A taco (US: /ˈtɑːkoʊ/, UK: /ˈtækoʊ/, Spanish: [ˈtako]) is a traditional Mexican dish consisting of a small hand-sized corn- or wheat-based tortilla topped with a filling. The tortilla is then folded around the filling and eaten by hand. A taco can be made with a variety of fillings, including beef, pork, chicken, seafood, beans, vegetables, and cheese, and garnished with various condiments, such as salsa, guacamole, or sour cream, and vegetables, such as lettuce, coriander, onion, tomatoes, and chiles. Tacos are a common form of antojitos, or Mexican street food, which have spread around the world.

Tacos can be contrasted with similar foods such as burritos, which are often much larger and rolled rather than folded; taquitos, which are rolled and fried; or chalupas/tostadas, in which the tortilla is fried before filling.
Adam Havlík
Adam Havlík (born January 14, 1991) is a Czech professional ice hockey forward for Orli Znojmo of the Czech 2.liga.

Havlík previously played for Orli in the Czech Extraliga and the Erste Bank Eishockey Liga. He also played for HC Dynamo Pardubice and PSG Berani Zlín as well in the Metal Ligaen for Herning Blue Fox and the Ligue Magnus for Scorpions de Mulhouse.

Herning Blue Fox
Herning Blue Fox is a Danish professional ice hockey team based in Herning, Denmark, playing in the Metal Ligaen, the top tier of Danish ice hockey. The club was founded in 1947 and play their home games in the KVIK Hockey Arena which has a capacity of 4,105 spectators.

The club has won the Danish championship 16 times with the last title coming in 2012.
Laurel (1802 ship)
Laurel's origins are ambiguous. She first appeared in online British sources in 1802. She made three voyages from Liverpool to Africa. On the first she apparently was on a trading voyage. The second was a complete voyage as a slave ship in the triangular trade in enslaved people. During this voyage she was involved in two sanguinary engagements with French vessels, the second of which resulted in the death of her master. She set out in 1805 on a second voyage to transport enslaved people, but a French squadron captured her before she had embarked any captives.

Slave ship
Slave ships were large cargo ships specially built or converted from the 17th to the 19th century for transporting slaves. Such ships were also known as "Guineamen" because the trade involved human trafficking to and from the Guinea coast in West Africa.
Georg Burchard Jersin
Georg Burchard Jersin (20 January 1767 – 5 October 1827) was a Norwegian Lutheran minister who served as a representative at the Norwegian Constitutional Assembly.

Georg Burchard Jersin was born at Leikanger in Nordre Bergenhus, Norway. He was the son of the parish priest. He attended Bergen Cathedral School in 1786. He was enrolled at the  University of Copenhagen where he earned his cand. Theol. in 1793. He was assigned as an assistant parish priest at Voss in Søndre Bergenhus from 1794. He replaced his father as parish priest in 1808.

He represented Søndre Bergenhus amt (now Hordaland) at the Norwegian Constituent Assembly at Eidsvoll Manor in 1814. At the Assembly, Jersin voted with the independence party (Selvstendighetspartiet).

Bergen Cathedral School
Bergen Cathedral School (Norwegian: Bergen Katedralskole, Latin: Schola Cathedralis Bergensis, formerly known as Bergens lærdeskole and Bergen latinskole and colloquially known as Katten) is an upper secondary school in Bergen, Norway. Located in the city centre, next to Bergen Cathedral, the school has about 850 students, 95 full-time teachers, and 5 administration personnel, including the headmaster, Karen Kristine Rasmussen.

The school is considered to have been founded in 1153 by Nicholas Breakspear (later Pope Adrian IV), making the school the second oldest in Norway together with Oslo Cathedral School and Hamar Cathedral School, which were founded the same year, one year after the founding of Trondheim Cathedral School.
Battle Lines (Star Trek: Deep Space Nine)
"Battle Lines" is the 13th episode of the first season of the American science fiction television series Star Trek: Deep Space Nine.

Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures on Deep Space Nine, a space station located adjacent to a wormhole between the Alpha and Gamma quadrants of the galaxy, near the planet Bajor; the Bajorans have recently liberated themselves from a decades-long occupation by the imperialistic Cardassians. In this episode, the spiritual leader of Bajor, Kai Opaka, is stranded on a world where the dead are resuscitated.

"Battle Lines" aired on syndicated television the week of April 26, 1993.

Wormhole
A wormhole is a hypothetical structure that connects disparate points in spacetime. It can be visualized as a tunnel with two ends at separate points in spacetime (i.e., different locations, different points in time, or both). Wormholes are based on a special solution of the Einstein field equations.
Wormholes are consistent with the general theory of relativity, but whether they actually exist is unknown. Many physicists postulate that wormholes are merely projections of a fourth spatial dimension, analogous to how a two-dimensional (2D) being could experience only part of a three-dimensional (3D) object.

In 1995, Matt Visser suggested there may be many wormholes in the universe if cosmic strings with negative mass were generated in the early universe. Some physicists, such as Kip Thorne, have suggested how to create wormholes artificially.
Lucrezia Aguiari
Lucrezia Aguiari (sometimes spelled Agujari) (1743/46 in Ferrara – 18 May 1783 in Parma) was an Italian coloratura soprano. She possessed an unusually agile voice with a large vocal range that spanned slightly more than three and a half octaves; faculties that enabled her to perform the most difficult passage work. In a letter dated 24 March 1770 Leopold Mozart wrote of hearing her perform a C an octave above high C at the Ducal opera of Parma, "I could not believe that she was able to reach C soprano acuto, but my ears convinced me." Aldous Huxley also mentioned this event in his novel Brave New World, (misspelt as 'Ajugari').

Vocal range
Vocal range is the range of pitches that a human voice can phonate. A common application is within the context of singing, where it is used as a defining characteristic for classifying singing voices into voice types. It is also a topic of study within linguistics, phonetics, and speech-language pathology, particularly in relation to the study of tonal languages and certain types of vocal disorders, although it has little practical application in terms of speech.
Sergio Redegalli
Sergio Redegalli is an Australian glass artist specialising in glass sculptures. He is an owner of the Cydonia Glass Studio located in Newtown, New South Wales. Redegalli graduated from Sydney College of the Arts with a Bachelor of Arts Glass (Visual Arts) in 1984 and a Graduate Diploma – Glass Visual Arts in 1988. Whilst attending college, Redegalli has claimed, he was the subject of victimisation at the hands of "man hating lesbians". His glass sculpture Cascade was commissioned for the World Expo in Brisbane in 1988. This massive 12 ton sculpture in the shape of a cascading wave is on display in Adelaide Botanic Garden, Adelaide. He is currently the President of the Chamber of Commerce, at Tocumwal in the Riverina region of New South Wales.

Sydney College of the Arts
The Sydney College of the Arts (SCA) is a contemporary art school that was a faculty of the University of Sydney from 1990 until 2017, when it became a school of the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. Until the end of 2019, the campus was located in Rozelle, Sydney and housed within Callan Park in  the Kirkbride complex, a cluster of sandstone buildings designed by James Barnet, the government architect, in the late 19th century. SCA moved to the main Camperdown Campus of the University of Sydney in 2020 and now occupies a substantial portion of the Old Teachers' College.