hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Isgandar Khan Khoyski
Isgandar Khan Khoyski (Azerbaijani: İsgəndər xan Xoyski; September 1819, Nukha (Shaki), Nukha uezd, Elisavetpol Governorate,Russian Empire – 28 July [O.S. 16 July] 1894, Yelizavetpol, Imperial Russia) was a decorated Imperial Russian and Azerbaijani military commander, having the rank of lieutenant-general.

Elizavetpol Governorate
The Elizavetpol Governorate, also known after 1918 as the Ganja Governorate, was a province (guberniya) of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire, with its capital in Yelisavetpol (present-day Ganja). The area of the governorate stretched 38,922.43 square versts (44,296.15 square kilometres; 17,102.84 square miles) and was composed of 1,275,131 inhabitants in 1916. The Elizavetpol Governorate bordered the Erivan Governorate to the west, the Tiflis Governorate and Zakatal Okrug to the north, the Dagestan Oblast to the northeast, the Baku Governorate to the east, and Iran to the south.
Turold de Brémoy
Turold de Brémoy was Bishop of Bayeux in the 12th century.

Turold was appointed bishop by King William Rufus, nephew of Bishop Odo of Bayeux.

Though appointed in 1097, Turoldus did not take possession until 1099. In 1105 Henry I of England made war on Robert Curthose, and burned the cathedral and town of Bayeux. After the Battle of Tinchebray on 27 September 1106, Turoldus resigned his diocese and retired to the Abbey of Bec, where he died in 1146.

12th century
The 12th century is the period from 1101 to 1200 in accordance with the Julian calendar.  
In the history of European culture, this period is considered part of the High Middle Ages and overlaps with what is often called the "'Golden Age' of the Cistercians". The Golden Age of Islam experienced significant development, particularly in Islamic Spain.

In Song dynasty China, an invasion by Jurchens caused a political schism of north and south. The Khmer Empire of Cambodia flourished during this century, while the Fatimids of Egypt were overtaken by the Ayyubid dynasty. Following the expansions of the Ghaznavids and Ghurid Empire, the Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent took place at the end of the century.
Lille during World War II
In 1940, following the period known as the "Phoney War," Nazi Germany invaded France and occupied the city of Lille, in the Nord department of northern France, from May 31 of that year until September 4, 1944. During the occupation, the city of nearly 200,000 was incorporated into Belgium under a single occupation authority.

Nord (French department)
Nord (French pronunciation: [nɔʁ] ⓘ; officially French: département du Nord; Picard: départémint dech Nord; Dutch: Noorderdepartement, lit. 'northern department') is a department in Hauts-de-France region, France, bordering Belgium. It was created from the western halves of the historical counties of Flanders and Hainaut, and the Bishopric of Cambrai. The modern coat of arms was inherited from the County of Flanders.

Nord is the country's most populous département. It had a population of 2,608,346 in 2019. It also contains the metropolitan region of Lille (the main city and the prefecture of the département), the fourth-largest urban area in France after Paris, Lyon and Marseille. The department is the part of France where the French Flemish dialect of Dutch has historically been spoken as a native language. Similarly, the distinct French Picard dialect Ch'ti is spoken there.
Examined Life
Examined Life is a 2008 Canadian documentary film directed by Astra Taylor about philosophers. The film has eight influential modern philosophers walking around New York and other metropolises, discussing the practical application of their ideas in modern culture.

Martha Nussbaum
Martha Nussbaum (/ˈnʊsbɔːm/; née Craven; born May 6, 1947) is an American philosopher and the Ernst Freund Distinguished Service Professor of Law and Ethics at the University of Chicago, where she is jointly appointed in the law school and the philosophy department.

Nussbaum's work has concerned ancient Greek and Roman philosophy, political philosophy, existentialism, feminism, and ethics, such as animal rights. She also holds associate appointments in classics, divinity, and political science, is a member of the Committee on Southern Asian Studies, and a board member of the Human Rights Program. She previously taught at Harvard and Brown.

Nussbaum has written more than two dozen books, including The Fragility of Goodness (1986). She received the 2016 Kyoto Prize in Arts and Philosophy, the 2018 Berggruen Prize, and the 2021 Holberg Prize. In the early 2020s, she was considered a candidate for the Nobel Prize in Literature.
Very high-level programming language
A very high-level programming language (VHLL) is a programming language with a very high level of abstraction, used primarily as a professional programmer productivity tool. An example would be jq.

VHLLs are usually domain-specific languages, limited to a very specific application, purpose, or type of task, and they are often scripting languages (especially extension languages), controlling a specific environment. For this reason, very high-level programming languages are often referred to as goal-oriented programming languages.

The term VHLL was used in the 1990s for what are today more often called high-level programming languages (not "very") used for scripting, such as Perl, Python, PHP, Ruby, and Visual Basic.

Abstraction (computer science)
In software, an abstraction provides access while hiding details that otherwise might make access more challenging. It focuses attention on details of greater importance. Examples include the abstract data type which separates use from the representation of data and functions that form a call tree that is more general at the base and more specific towards the leaves.
Pleasant Harbor State Park
Pleasant Harbor State Park is a marine state park located off Highway 101, two miles (3.2 km) south of Brinnon in Jefferson County, Washington. The park is a one-acre moorage facility for fishing, boating, and scuba diving only and no other services.

Pleasant Harbor and the adjoining Black Point Peninsula, which separates the harbor from Hood Canal, are the subject of an ongoing  
process for the development of a Master Planned Resort under the auspices of the Jefferson County Department of Community Development.

Brinnon, Washington
Brinnon is a census-designated place (CDP) in Jefferson County, Washington, United States. The population was 907 at the 2020 census. The community is named for Ewell P. Brinnon, who in the late 1850s took a donation land claim at the mouth of the Duckabush River. Its known landmarks include Dosewallips State Park, Triton Cove State Park, Murhutt Falls, and Black Point Marina. Brinnon is also adjacent to Camp Parsons, the oldest Boy Scout camp west of the Mississippi River.
Margaret Tennant
Margaret Anne Tennant is a New Zealand historian, currently Professor Emeritus at Massey University.

Tennant's master's thesis, completed in 1976 at Massey University, was called Matrons with a mission, and was a study of women's organisations 1893–1915. Her doctoral thesis was completed in 1981, and concerned the charitable aid system in New Zealand.

Tennant has written for Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand.

Tennant was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of New Zealand in 2009 and is currently on the Council. In 2017, Tennant was selected as one of the Royal Society Te Apārangi's "150 women in 150 words", celebrating the contributions of women to knowledge in New Zealand.

150 women in 150 words
The "150 women in 150 words" project was undertaken by the Royal Society Te Apārangi and published during their 150th anniversary celebrations in 2017. The aim of the project was "celebrating women's contributions to expanding knowledge in New Zealand", and involved short online biographies of a range of women from early Polynesian settlers to present-day scientists.

The biographies are arranged on the Royal Society Te Apārangi's website in four categories: pre-1866 (of which there are two, Whakaotirangi and Kahupeka), 1867–1917, 1918–1967, and 1968–to the present time. The full list of biographies below is arranged alphabetically by (most commonly used) surname.
Bansi Lal
Bansi Lal Legha (26 August 1927 – 28 March 2006), also known as Chaudhary Bansi Lal, was an Indian politician and independence activist, who served as the Minister of Defence of India and three-time Chief Minister of Haryana. He is also known as the 'architect of modern Haryana'.

Lal was part of the famous Lal trio of Haryana, which also included Devi Lal and Bhajan Lal, that form the major political families of Haryana. Lal was elected as a Member of the Haryana Legislative Assembly seven times, the first time in 1967 from Tosham. He was considered a close confidant of the former Prime Minister of India, Indira Gandhi, and her son, Sanjay Gandhi, during the Emergency era of 1975-1977.

He set up Haryana Vikas Party after parting ways with the Indian National Congress in 1996. He returned to the Congress in 2004, and helped the Congress win the 2005 Assembly elections.

Freedom fighter
A freedom fighter is a person engaged in a struggle to achieve political freedom, particularly against an established government. The term is typically reserved for those who are actively involved in armed or otherwise violent rebellion.
Vika Koloto
Vika Koloto (born 8 May 2002) is a Tongan New Zealander netball player who plays as a wing attack, goal attack, and goal shooter. She has represented Tonga internationally. She is the daughter of rugby league player Emosi Koloto.

Koloto was born in Auckland, New Zealand and was educated at Baradene College of the Sacred Heart. She has been playing netball since the age of nine.

In 2019 she was named to the New Zealand Secondary Schools netball team. In 2020 she was selected for the Northern Stars and the New Zealand under-21 netball team. In 2021 she played for the Northern Comets. In January 2022 she was selected for the Mainland Tactix as a replacement for pregnant Jane Watson. In January 2023 she was selected for the Mainland Tactix as an injury replacement for Hannah Glen.

In 2022 she was selected for the Tonga national netball team for the 2023 Netball World Cup Oceania qualifiers.

Tonga national netball team
The Tonga national netball team (Tongan: timi netipolo fakafonua ʻa Tonga) represents Tonga in international women's netball. Although netball has been played in Tonga, they joined the International Netball Federation in 2011. Tonga won bronze at the South Pacific Games in 1983, 1991 and 1995. On 21 July 2019, Tonga Re-entered at nineteenth in the INF World Rankings.

In June 2022 the team was renamed the Tonga Tala.

They were undefeated at the 2023 Oceania Netball World Cup Qualifiers, and qualified for the 2023 Netball World Cup. Following the qualifiers they were ranked 9th in the world. In March 2023 they rose to 7th ranked following the PacificAus Series.
Katy de la Cruz
Katy de la Cruz (born Catalina Mangahas de la Cruz; February 13, 1907 – November 10, 2004) was a leading Filipina singer who specialized in jazz vocals and torch songs in a long career that lasted eight decades.  Hailed as "The Queen of Filipino Jazz" and as "The Queen of Bodabil", she was, by the age of 18, the highest paid entertainer in the Philippines. De la Cruz also appeared in films and received a FAMAS Best Supporting Actress Award in 1953.

Pulang Araw
Pulang Araw (transl. red sun / international title: In the Arms of the Conqueror) is a 2024 Philippine television drama war series broadcast by GMA Network. Directed by Dominic Zapata, it stars Barbie Forteza, Sanya Lopez, David Licauco, Alden Richards and Dennis Trillo. It premiered on July 29, 2024, on the network's Prime line up. The series concluded on December 27, 2024, with a total of 110 episodes.

The series is streaming online on Netflix and YouTube.
Second moment method
In mathematics, the second moment method is a technique used in probability theory and analysis to show that a random variable has positive probability of being positive. More generally, the "moment method" consists of bounding the probability that a random variable fluctuates far from its mean, by using its moments.

The method is often quantitative, in that one can often deduce a lower bound on the probability that the random variable is larger than some constant times its expectation. The method involves comparing the second moment of random variables to the square of the first moment.

Analysis
Analysis (pl.: analyses) is the process of breaking a complex topic or substance into smaller parts in order to gain a better understanding of it. The technique has been applied in the study of mathematics and logic since before Aristotle, though analysis as a formal concept is a relatively recent development.

The word comes from the Ancient Greek ἀνάλυσις (analysis, "a breaking-up" or "an untying" from ana- "up, throughout" and lysis "a loosening"). From it also comes the word's plural, analyses.

As a formal concept, the method has variously been ascribed to René Descartes (Discourse on the Method), and Galileo Galilei. It has also been ascribed to Isaac Newton, in the form of a practical method of physical discovery (which he did not name).

The converse of analysis is synthesis: putting the pieces back together again in a new or different whole.
Petersham, New South Wales
Petersham is a suburb in the Inner West of Sydney, in New South Wales, Australia. Petersham is located 6 kilometres south-west of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of Inner West Council. Petersham is known for its extensive Portuguese businesses, with many Portuguese shops and restaurants, despite only 156 (1.9%) of the population being born in Portugal.

Petersham is bordered by the suburbs of Leichhardt to the north, Stanmore to the east, Marrickville to the south and Lewisham to the west. Taverner's Hill, named after Fred Taverner, is a locality in the western part of the suburb.

Inner West Council
Inner West Council is a local government area located in the Inner West region of Sydney in the state of New South Wales, Australia. The Inner West LGA makes up the eastern part of this wider region, and was formed on 12 May 2016 from the merger of the former Ashfield, Leichhardt and Marrickville councils.

The Inner West LGA covers an area of 35 square kilometres (14 sq mi) and as at the 2021 census had an estimated population of 182,818.

The Mayor of Inner West Council is Darcy Byrne, re-elected by the councillors on 8 October 2024. The most recent NSW local government election, held on 14 September 2024, resulted in a Labor majority of 8 Councillors, for the second consecutive term.
National Highways traffic officer
National Highways traffic officers, previously Highways England traffic officers (2015–2021) and Highways Agency traffic officers (HATO 2004–2015), are employed by National Highways in England.

They are a civilian service who respond to both emergency and routine incidents on the strategic road network operated by National Highways.

In April 2004, Highways Agency traffic officers began working alongside the police on motorways in the West Midlands. Initial patrols were along the M5, M6 and M42, with 50 individuals. National roll-out of traffic officers was completed on 18 July 2006, starting to cover all of the motorway network within England, i.e. which functions as a subsidiary of the National Highways, and the All-Purpose Trunk Road (APTR) network.

This is a civilian role, operated in accordance with National Guidance Framework agreed with the National Police Chiefs' Council.

M42 motorway
The M42 motorway runs north east from Bromsgrove in Worcestershire to just south-west of Ashby-de-la-Zouch in Leicestershire, passing Redditch, Solihull, the National Exhibition Centre (NEC) and Tamworth on the way, serving the east of the Birmingham metropolitan area. The section between the M40 and junction 4 of the M6 forms – though unsigned as such – a part of Euroroute E05. Northwards beyond junction 11, the route is continued as the A42; the junctions on this section, 12–14, are numbered like a continuation of the motorway, but the road has non-motorway status from here.
S333 Thunderstruck
The S333 Thunderstruck is an aluminum-frame revolver, designed and manufactured by Standard Manufacturing of New Britain, Connecticut, and intended for concealed carry. Introduced in 2019, the S333 is a double barrel revolver with an eight-round cylinder. A type of volley gun, each trigger pull simultaneously fires two .22 Winchester Magnum Rimfire cartridges.

Concealed carry
Concealed carry, or carrying a concealed weapon (CCW), is the practice of carrying a weapon (usually a sidearm such as a handgun), either in proximity to or on one's person in public places in a manner that hides or conceals the weapon's presence from surrounding observers. In the United States, the opposite of concealed carry is called open carry.

While most law enforcement officers carry their handguns in a visible holster, some officers such as plainclothes detectives or undercover agents carry weapons in concealed holsters.  In some countries and jurisdictions, civilians are legally required to obtain a concealed carry permit in order to possess and carry a firearm.  In others, a CCW permit is only required if the firearm is not visible to the eye, such as carrying the weapon in one's purse, bag, trunk, etc.
Charles Zeuner
Charles Zeuner (20 September 1795 Eisleben, Saxony – 7 November 1857 Philadelphia) was an American organist and composer originally active in Germany, then in Boston and Philadelphia in the United States.

Organist
An organist is a musician who plays any type of organ. An organist may play solo organ works, play with an ensemble or orchestra, or accompany one or more singers or instrumental soloists. In addition, an organist may accompany congregational hymn-singing and play liturgical music.
Penleigh and Essendon Grammarians Football Club
The Penleigh and Essendon Grammarians Football Club, abbreviated PEGS Football Club or simply PEGS, and nicknamed the Bombers, is an Australian rules football club located in Keilor Park, Victoria, north west of Melbourne.

The club originated in 1968 as the Old Essendon Grammarians, composed of alumni and pea hearts from the Essendon Grammar School. The club competed in the Essendon District Football League (EDFL), winning the 1976 C Grade premiership, before joining the Footscray District Football League (FDFL) for two seasons commencing in 1983. In 1984, the club joined the Victorian Amateur Football Association (VAFA), where it continues to compete today.

The club plays its home matches at the PEGS Sporting Fields.

Keilor Park
Keilor Park is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 15 km (9.3 mi) north-west of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the City of Brimbank local government area. Keilor Park recorded a population of 2,684 at the 2021 census.

Keilor Park is bounded in the west by the Maribyrnong River, Tullamarine and Melbourne Airport in the north, in the east by Steele Creek and in the south by the Calder Highway.

According to the 2001 ABS Census, 39% of the population is of Italian or Greek descent. The median age of the area is 37, though more of the population is below 35 or in their 50s. The most common sector of employment for men is manufacturing (25% of men) and for women retail (21% of women).

The suburb contains the Keilor Botanic Gardens.
Countess of Hertford
Countess of Hertford is a title given to the wife of the Earl of Hertford. Women who have held the title include:

Isabel Marshal (1200–1240)

Maud de Lacy, Countess of Hertford and Gloucester (1223-1289)

Lady Katherine Grey (1540-1568)

Frances Howard, Duchess of Richmond (1578-1639)

Frances Seymour, Duchess of Somerset (1699–1754)

Isabella Seymour-Conway, Countess of Hertford (1726-1782)

Isabel Marshal
Isabel Marshal (9 October 1200 – 17 January 1240) was a medieval English countess and a member of the Marshal Family. She was the wife of both Gilbert de Clare, 4th Earl of Hertford and 5th Earl of Gloucester and Richard, 1st Earl of Cornwall (son of King John of England). With the former, she was a great grandmother of King Robert the Bruce of Scotland.
PCC Rail Tabor
PCC Rail Tabor S.A. is a Polish rail company operating as a dependent company of PCC Rail. PCC Rail Tabor is responsible for repairs and maintenance of locomotives, mainly ET21, ET22, SM48, SM42, SM30, ST43 and ST44. Railway services:

overhauls and periodic repairs of diesel locomotives,

refurbishment of diesel locomotives, including rebuilding of power generators,

periodic, regular and emergency repair of goods wagons,

construction of coal wagons and container platforms,

repairs to machinery and equipment for track repairs.

PKP class ET22
ET22 (also manufactured as Pafawag 201E) is a Polish six-axle electric freight locomotive built by Pafawag from 1969 to 1989. Factory designation is 201E. With 1183 units, it is one of the most numerous standard gauge electric locomotive built in Europe. Further 23 units were built for Morocco as E-1000 class.
Dually chordal graph
In the mathematical area of graph theory, an undirected graph G is dually chordal if the hypergraph of its maximal cliques is a hypertree. The name comes from the fact that a graph is chordal if and only if the hypergraph of its maximal cliques is the dual of a hypertree. Originally, these graphs were defined by maximum neighborhood orderings and have a variety of different characterizations. Unlike for chordal graphs, the property of being dually chordal is not hereditary, i.e., induced subgraphs of a dually chordal graph are not necessarily dually chordal (hereditarily dually chordal graphs are exactly the strongly chordal graphs), and a dually chordal graph is in general not a perfect graph.

Dually chordal graphs appeared first under the name HT-graphs.

Induced subgraph
In graph theory, an induced subgraph of a graph is another graph, formed from a subset of the vertices of the graph and all of the edges, from the original graph, connecting pairs of vertices in that subset.
Jeff Carnazzo
Jeff Carnazzo (/karnaːzoʊ/; born February 10, 1967) is an American football coach and the current head coach at Palma High School, a position he has held since 2000. Carnazzo previously served as the junior varsity linebackers coach before his time as varsity head coach. In his first year as coach, Carnazzo guided his team to a championship in Division I of the Central Coast Section. Along with his duties as head football coach, Carnazzo teaches United States History, Advanced Placement United States History, and Physical Education.

Varsity team
A varsity team is the highest-level team in a sport or activity representing an educational institution. Varsity teams train to compete against each other during an athletic season or in periodic matches against rival institutions. At high schools in the United States, a varsity team is one step above a school's junior varsity (JV) team, which is composed of less experienced players.

The term varsity originated in Britain in the 1840s and means university; varsity team referring to the principal team that would represent the university in matches against another university. In contrast, student-run college teams within a university typically compete against each other in intramural events and, in the U.S., club sports.