hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Consumer network
The notion of consumer networks expresses the idea that people's embeddedness in social networks affects their behavior as consumers. Interactions within consumer networks such as information exchange and imitation can affect demand and market outcomes in ways not considered in the neoclassical theory of consumer choice.

Imitation
Imitation (from Latin imitatio, "a copying, imitation") is a behavior whereby an individual observes and replicates another's behavior. Imitation is also a form of learning that leads to the "development of traditions, and ultimately our culture. It allows for the transfer of information (behaviors, customs, etc.) between individuals and down generations without the need for genetic inheritance." The word imitation can be applied in many contexts, ranging from animal training to politics. The term generally refers to conscious behavior; subconscious imitation is termed mirroring.
PowerStream
PowerStream Holdings Incorporated was an electric utility servicing communities north of Toronto and in Central Ontario. Its service areas included Aurora, Alliston, Barrie, Beeton, Bradford West Gwillimbury, Penetanguishene, Markham, Richmond Hill, Thornton, Tottenham and Vaughan.

Powerstream merged with Enersource and Horizon Utilities to form Alectra on February 1, 2017. Through a partnership with the Town of Collingwood it owned a 50% share of Collus PowerStream which serves customers in Collingwood, Stayner, Creemore and Thornbury. The 50% ownership stake in Collus PowerStream was transferred to Alectra before being sold back to the Town of Collingwood in 2017.

Bradford West Gwillimbury
Bradford West Gwillimbury is a town in south-central Ontario, Canada, in Simcoe County in the Toronto Census Metropolitan Area (but not the Greater Toronto Area) on the Holland River. West Gwillimbury takes its name from the family of Elizabeth Simcoe, née Gwillim.

The former Town of Bradford was amalgamated with portions of the former Townships of West Gwillimbury and Tecumseth to become the Town of Bradford West Gwillimbury on January 1, 1991.
Johann Just Winckelmann
Johann Just Winckelmann, also Johann Justus Winckelmann (19 August 1620 – 3 July 1699) was a German writer, historian and mnemonist.

Under his  pseudonym Stanislaus Mink von Weunßhein (also Wenusheim, Winusheim) he is known for having introduced a mnemonic system, the Major System (also called phonetic system or phonetic mnemonic system), used for memorizing numbers.

Mnemonist
The title mnemonist refers to an individual with the ability to remember and recall unusually long lists of data, such as unfamiliar names, lists of numbers, entries in books, etc. Some mnemonists also memorize texts such as long poems, speeches, or even entire books of fiction or non-fiction. The term is derived from the term mnemonic, which refers to a strategy to support remembering (such as the method of loci or major system), but not all mnemonists report using mnemonics. Mnemonists may have superior innate ability to recall or remember, in addition to (or instead of) relying on techniques.
Sean Armand
Sean Armand  (born August 26, 1991) is an American professional basketball player who last played for BC Šiauliai of the Lithuanian Basketball League. He played college basketball at Iona College in New York state.

Iona University
Iona University (/aɪˈoʊnə/) is a private Catholic university with a main campus in New Rochelle, New York, United States. It was founded in 1940 by the Congregation of Christian Brothers and occupies a campus of 45 acres (0.18 km2) in New Rochelle and a campus of 28 acres (0.11 km2) in Bronxville, New York.

Iona University offers more than 60 undergraduate programs and 45 graduate programs in the School of Arts & Science, LaPenta School of Business and the NewYork-Presbyterian Iona School of Health Sciences. It also offers graduate courses in Manhattan and has 14 study abroad programs. As of academic year 2018–2019, the institution enrolled approximately 4,000 undergraduate and graduate students from diverse backgrounds representing 35 states and 47 countries of origin.
Irewole
IrewoleListenⓘ is a Local Government Area in Osun State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Ikire in the south of the area at7°21′40″N 4°11′00″E﻿ / ﻿7.36111°N 4.18333°E﻿ / 7.36111; 4.18333. The current chairman of the council is Okunola Jumoke Esther.

It has an area of 271km2 and a population of 143,599 at the 2006 census.

The postal code of the area is 221.

Local government areas of Nigeria
Nigeria has 768 local government areas (LGAs) and 6 Area Councils, making 774 LGA each administered by a local government council consisting of a chairman, who is the chief executive, and other elected members, who are referred to as councillors. Each LGA is further subdivided into a minimum of ten and a maximum of twenty wards. A ward is administered by a councillor, who reports directly to the LGA chairman. The councillors fall under the legislative arm of the Local Government, the third tier of government in Nigeria, below the state governments and the federal government.
Niagara Falls Air Reserve Station
Niagara Falls Air Reserve Station (Niagara Falls Air Force Base c. 1955-1971) is an Air Force Reserve Command military installation operationally gained by Air Mobility Command. It is located adjacent to Niagara Falls International Airport, New York, 4.7 miles (7.6 km) east-northeast of Niagara Falls, New York. The station is the last "federal" USAF installation in the state, the other remaining USAF installations falling under the Air National Guard).

The host unit for the base is the 914th Air Refueling Wing of the Air Force Reserve Command which operates the KC-135 Stratotanker. The 107th Attack Wing of the New York Air National Guard is also stationed at the base.

A Military Entrance Processing Station (MEPS) for all five branches of the U.S. is also located at the station. Both the 914 ARW and 107 ATW number in excess of 3,000 military personnel.

New York Air National Guard
The New York Air National Guard (NY ANG) is the aerial militia of the U.S. state of New York. It is an element of the New York National Guard as part of the larger Air National Guard, a reservist force under the command of the United States Air Force.

As state militia units, the units in the New York Air National Guard are not in the normal United States Air Force chain of command.  They are under the jurisdiction of the governor of New York through the office of the New York adjutant general unless they are activated for federal service by order of the president of the United States.  The New York Air National Guard is headquartered at Stratton Air National Guard Base, Glenville, New York, and its current commander is Major General Timothy J. LaBarge.
David Boily
David Boily (born April 28, 1990) is a Canadian former professional cyclist.

In the 2012 Tour of California, Boily held the red jersey awarded for the best climber for the first two stages before fellow Canadian Sebastian Salas (Optum–Kelly Benefit Strategies) took it from him on Stage 3. Boily stated that he was ready to fight to regain the jersey, and he did battle by raking in more points for the mountain classification, but ultimately Salas kept the lead with a total of 65 points, Boily finishing in second position with 48.

Human Powered Health (men's team)
Human Powered Health (UCI team code: HPM) was a UCI ProTeam cycling team, based in the United States. Notable riders who have previously ridden for the team include Ben King, Chad Haga, Carter Jones, Phil Gaimon, Michael Woods, David Veilleux, Matthew Busche, Ryan Anderson, Mike Creed, Mike Friedman and Sepp Kuss.
Grenfell railway station
The Grenfell railway station is a heritage-listed closed railway station located on the Koorawatha-Grenfell railway line at Grenfell in the Central West of New South Wales, Australia.
The property was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

Central West (New South Wales)
The Central West is a region in central New South Wales, Australia. The region stretches from Lithgow in the east and to as far west as Lake Cargelligo, on the Lachlan River. The Central West is known for its attractions such as the Jenolan Caves, near Oberon and also wineries, as well as rural farmland and natural landscapes. The region includes major towns like Bathurst, Orange, Mudgee, Lithgow, Parkes and Cowra. It has an area of 63,262 square kilometres (24,426 sq mi). The region also includes the sub-region known as the Central Tablelands, located in the eastern part of the region. The region known as the Orana, which includes the area surrounding Dubbo is typically classed as being a part of the Central West also.

Major population and service centres in the Central West include Bathurst, Cowra, Lithgow, Mudgee, Orange, and Parkes. Bathurst and Orange are home to campuses of Charles Sturt University, and Lithgow housing the University of Notre Dame Regional Clinical School.
Mazsalaca
Mazsalaca (pronounced [ˈmɑsːɑlɑtsɑ] ⓘ; Livonian: Piškisalāts, Estonian: Väike-Salatsi, German: Salisburg) is a town in Valmiera Municipality in the Vidzeme region of Latvia. It has 1269 inhabitants. The town is also the extraterritorial center of Mazsalaca Parish.

Valmiera Municipality
Valmiera Municipality (Latvian: Valmieras novads) is one of the 35 municipalities established in Latvia in 2021, located approximately 100 kilometres (62 mi) northeast of the national capital Riga. Its first elected municipal council took office on 1 July 2021. Its seat is the city of Valmiera.
Jean de Tilière
Félix Marie Jean Taupinart de Tilière (19 September 1900 – 30 November 1974) was a French cavalry officer and equestrian.

He joined the French Army on 27 August 1918. Trained after the War at the Saumur Cavalry School, he served in various cavalry regiments during the Interwar but he was often dispatched to prepare international equestrian events. He competed in two events at the 1936 Summer Olympics. During World War II, he served as a Captain in the 2nd Algerian Spahis Regiment. On 15 May 1940, he fought during the battle of La Horgne against the Germans. He was captured on that day but he was later awarded the Croix de Guerre 1939-1945 for his bravery during the combat.

Released from captivity after the German capitulation, he continued to serve in the French cavalry. From 1952 to 1954, he was attached to the private service of the King of Cambodia. He took his final retirement from the French Army reserve in 1961, with the rank of lieutenant colonel.

Croix de Guerre 1939–1945
The Croix de Guerre 1939–1945 (English: War Cross 1939–1945) is a French military decoration, a version of the Croix de Guerre created on 26 September 1939 to honour people who fought with the Allies against the Axis forces at any time during World War II. After Germany invaded and overran mainland France in the Battle of France in May and June 1940, this Croix de Guerre was replaced by the pro-Axis Vichy French government with another Croix with a black-and-green ribbon, while the original was upheld by Free France. Since the triumph of the Free French side in World War II, this version is the only one officially recognized by the French government.
Lillicrap
Lillicrap is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Cameron Lillicrap (born 1963), Australian international rugby union player

Charles Lillicrap (1887–1966), British naval architect

Christopher Lillicrap (born 1949), British television presenter, writer and composer

James Lillicrap (d. 1851), British Royal Navy officer

John Lillicrap (1866–1937), New Zealand politician

Siwan Lillicrap (born 1987), Welsh international rugby union player

Timothy Lillicrap, Canadian neuroscientist and AI researcher

Charles Lillicrap
Sir Charles Swift Lillicrap, KCB, MBE (12 November 1887 – 17 June 1966) was a British naval architect. A member of the Royal Corps of Naval Constructors, he was Director of Naval Construction from 1944 to 1951.

During the first world war, he served as secretary on the Landship Committee, for which he received an MBE in 1918.
Bulk vending
Bulk vending is the sale of unsorted confections, nuts, gumballs, toys and novelties (in capsules) selected at random and dispensed generally through non-electrically operated vending machines. Bulk vending is a separate segment of the vending industry from full-line vending — i.e., the snack and soda vending industries — and involves different products and strategies. Bulk vending represents less than 1% of the total vending industry.

Nut (fruit)
A nut is a fruit consisting of a hard or tough nutshell protecting a kernel which is usually edible. In general usage and in a culinary sense, many dry seeds are called nuts, but in a botanical context, "nut" implies that the shell does not open to release the seed (indehiscent).

Most seeds come from fruits that naturally free themselves from the shell, but this is not the case in nuts such as hazelnuts, chestnuts, and acorns, which have hard shell walls and originate from a compound ovary.
John W. Gruner
John Walter Gruner (12 July 1890, Neurode, now Nowa Ruda – 1981) was a German-born American mineralogist, crystallographer, and geologist. He scientifically described and named two minerals: minnesotaite (1944) and groutite (1945).

Nowa Ruda, Lower Silesian Voivodeship
Nowa Ruda [ˈnɔva ˈruda] (Czech: Nová Ruda, German: Neurode) is a town in south-western Poland near the Czech border, lying on the Włodzica river in the central Sudetes mountain range. As of 2019 it had 22,067 inhabitants. The town is located in Kłodzko County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship. It is the seat of the rural district of Gmina Nowa Ruda, but is not part of its territory (the town is a separate urban gmina in its own right).
Decaen piastre
The Decaen piastre was a coin that Governor Decaen had minted at Île of France in 1810. He entrusted the coining to the artist "sieur Aveline", who designed the coins and whose name appears on them. The coins are of 10 livres and dated 1810; they were referred to as Piastres Decaen.

The silver for the coining came from 200 to 230,000 dollars that the Portuguese ship Ovidor Pereira was carrying from Macao when Lieutenant de vaisseau Pierre Bouvet of French brig Entreprenant (1808) captured her in the Straits of Malacca on 20 October 1809.

Dollar
Dollar (/dɒlər/) is the name of more than 25 currencies. The United States dollar, named after the international currency known as the Spanish dollar, was established in 1792 and is the first so named that still survives. Others include the Australian dollar, Brunei dollar, Canadian dollar, Eastern Caribbean dollar, Hong Kong dollar, Jamaican dollar, Liberian dollar, Namibian dollar, New Taiwan dollar, New Zealand dollar, Singapore dollar, Trinidad and Tobago dollar, and several others. The symbol for most of those currencies is the dollar sign $; the same symbol is used by many countries using peso currencies.

The name 'dollar' originates from the tolar which was the name of a 29-gram (1.0 oz) silver coin called the Joachimsthaler minted in 1519 in the western part of Bohemia (now the Czech Republic). The word thaler itself comes from the German word Thal, i.e. 'valley'.
Misezero
Misezero is an administrative ward n Muhambwe Constituency in Kibondo District of Kigoma Region in Tanzania. 
In 2016 the Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics report there were 9,049 people in the ward, from 8,221 in 2012.: 125 : 147

Kigoma Region
Kigoma Region (Mkoa wa Kigoma in Swahili) is one of Tanzania's 31 administrative regions, with the city of  Kigoma as the regional capital. Kigoma Region borders Kagera Region, Geita Region, Katavi Region, Tabora Region, DRC and Burundi According to the 2012 national census, the region had a population of 2,127,930, which was higher than the pre-census projection of 1,971,332.: page 2  For 2002–2012, the region's 2.4 percent average annual population growth rate was tied for the fourteenth highest in the country.: page 4  It was also the sixteenth most densely populated region with 57 people per square kilometer.: page 6  With a size of 45,066 square kilometres (17,400 sq mi), the region is slightly smaller than Estonia (45,227 square kilometres (17,462 sq mi)).
South African Class MD 2-6-6-2
The South African Railways Class MD 2-6-6-2 of 1910 was a steam locomotive from the pre-Union era in Transvaal.

In March 1910, the Central South African Railways commissioned a single experimental Mallet articulated compound steam locomotive with a 2-6-6-2 wheel arrangement. In 1912, when the locomotive was assimilated into the South African Railways, it was renumbered and designated Class MD.

Transvaal Colony
25°S 30°E﻿ / ﻿25°S 30°E﻿ / -25; 30

The Transvaal Colony (Afrikaans pronunciation: [transˈfɑːl]) was the name used to refer to the Transvaal region during the period of direct British rule and military occupation between the end of the Second Boer War in 1902, when the South African Republic was dissolved, and the establishment of the Union of South Africa in 1910. The borders of the Transvaal Colony were larger than the defeated South African Republic (which had existed from 1856 to 1902). In 1910 the entire territory became the Transvaal Province of the Union of South Africa.
Clinical Infectious Diseases
Clinical Infectious Diseases is a peer-reviewed medical journal published by Oxford University Press covering research on the pathogenesis, clinical investigation, medical microbiology, diagnosis, immune mechanisms, and treatment of diseases caused by infectious agents. It includes articles on antimicrobial resistance, bioterrorism, emerging infections, food safety, hospital epidemiology, and HIV/AIDS. It also features highly focused brief reports, review articles, editorials, commentaries, and supplements. The journal is published on behalf of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. The editor-in-chief is infectious disease physician Paul Sax.

According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal had a 2020 impact factor of 9.079, ranking it 18th out of 162 journals in the category "Immunology", 3rd out of 92 journals in the category "Infectious Diseases" and 12th out of 137 journals in the category "Microbiology".

Pathogenesis
In pathology, pathogenesis is the process by which a disease or disorder develops. It can include factors which contribute not only to the onset of the disease or disorder, but also to its progression and maintenance. The word comes from Ancient Greek  πάθος (pathos) 'suffering, disease' and  γένεσις (genesis) 'creation'.
Awake (2007 film)
Awake is a 2007 American conspiracy thriller film written and directed by Joby Harold in his directorial debut. The film stars Hayden Christensen, Jessica Alba, Terrence Howard and Lena Olin. The narrative follows Clay Beresford, a wealthy young man who remains conscious but paralyzed during heart surgery—a phenomenon known as anesthetic awareness—and gradually uncovers a plot that endangers his life and trust in those around him.

The film was released theatrically in the United States and Canada on November 30, 2007, by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. It received negative reviews from critics, who criticized the performances (primarily from the leads), direction, and editing. However, it performed moderately well at the box office, grossing approximately $32.7 million worldwide against a production budget of $8.6 million.

At the 28th Golden Raspberry Awards, Alba was nominated for Worst Actress. At the same time, she and Christensen received a nomination for Worst Screen Combo.

Cardiac surgery
Cardiac surgery, or cardiovascular surgery, is a  surgery on the heart or great vessels performed by cardiac surgeons. It is often used to treat complications of ischemic heart disease (for example, with coronary artery bypass grafting); to correct congenital heart disease; or to treat valvular heart disease from various causes, including endocarditis, rheumatic heart disease, and atherosclerosis. It also includes heart transplantation.
Rudolf Dworsky
Rudolf Franz Dworsky (11 April 1882 in Vienna – 6 July 1927 in Perleberg) was an Austrian and German film producer and director of the Silent era. His production company was called Aafa-Film (Althoff-Ambos-Film), Berlin, the co-owner was the producer Gabriel Levy.

Perleberg
Perleberg (German: [ˈpɛʁləˌbɛʁk] ⓘ; North Margravian: Perlberg) is the capital of the district of Prignitz, located in the northwest of the German state of Brandenburg. The town received city rights in 1239 and as of 2022 has about 12,000 inhabitants. Located in a mostly agricultural area, the town has a long history of troops (most notably Prussian) being stationed there and as an administrative center for local government.
Vézeronce-Curtin
Vézeronce-Curtin (French pronunciation: [vezʁɔ̃s kyʁtɛ̃]) is a commune in the Isère department in southeastern France. It was created in 1973 by the merger of two former communes: Vézeronce and Curtin.

Isère
Isère (US: /iːˈzɛər/ ee-ZAIR; French: [izɛʁ] ⓘ; Arpitan: Isera; Occitan: Isèra, Occitan pronunciation: [iˈsɛɾa]) is a landlocked department in the southeastern French region of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. Named after the river Isère, it had a population of 1,271,166 in 2019. Its prefecture is Grenoble. It borders Rhône to the northwest, Ain to the north, Savoie to the east, Hautes-Alpes to the south, Drôme and Ardèche to the southwest and Loire to the west.
Tauche
Tauche (German pronunciation: [ˈtaʊxə] ⓘ; Lower Sorbian: Tuchow) is a municipality on both sides of the river Spree in the Oder-Spree district, in Brandenburg, Germany. The large municipality consists of 12 parts (German: Ortsteile) or villages with other local parts/settlements, respectively. The seat of the municipal administration is located in the village of the same name.

In 1813, explorer of Australia and naturalist, Ludwig Leichhardt, was born in the hamlet of Sabrodt near Trebatsch. That made, in 1998, the federal state of Brandenburg award the village of Trebatsch the additional name "Leichhardt-Gemeinde" (Leichhardt Municipality).

Author Günter de Bruyn has been living since 1969 in Görsdorf. In Kossenblatt there is a castle, Schloss Kossenblatt, which is said to have been the favourite palace of the "Soldier King" Frederick William I of Prussia.

Oder-Spree
Oder-Spree is a Kreis (district) in the eastern part of Brandenburg, Germany. Neighboring are (from north clockwise) the district Märkisch-Oderland, the district-free city Frankfurt (Oder), Poland, the districts Spree-Neiße and Dahme-Spreewald, and the Bundesland Berlin.
Adam Sisman
Adam Sisman (born 17 March 1954) is a British writer, editor and biographer. He received the National Book Critics Circle Award for his second book, Boswell's Presumptuous Task. He is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature and an Honorary Professor of the University of St Andrews.

Royal Society of Literature
The Royal Society of Literature (RSL) is a learned society founded in 1820 by King George IV to "reward literary merit and excite literary talent". A charity that represents the voice of literature in the UK, the RSL has about 800 Fellows, elected from among the best writers in any genre currently at work. Additionally, Honorary Fellows are chosen from those who have made a significant contribution to the advancement of literature, including publishers, agents, librarians, booksellers or producers. The society is a cultural tenant at London's Somerset House. The RSL is an independent charity and relies on the support of its Members, Patrons, Fellows and friends to continue its work.