hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Causal filter
In signal processing, a causal filter is a linear and time-invariant causal system. The word causal indicates that the filter output depends only on past and present inputs. A filter whose output also depends on future inputs is non-causal, whereas a filter whose output depends only on future inputs is anti-causal. Systems (including filters) that are realizable (i.e., that operate in real time) must be causal because such systems cannot act on a future input.  In effect that means the output sample that best represents the input at time  comes out slightly later.  A common design practice for digital filters is to create a realizable filter by shortening and/or time-shifting a non-causal impulse response.  If shortening is necessary, it is often accomplished as the product of the impulse-response with a window function.

An example of an anti-causal filter is a maximum phase filter, which can be defined as a stable, anti-causal filter whose inverse is also stable and anti-causal.

Signal processing
Signal processing is an electrical engineering subfield that focuses on analyzing, modifying and synthesizing signals, such as sound, images, potential fields, seismic signals, altimetry processing, and scientific measurements. Signal processing techniques are used to optimize transmissions, digital storage efficiency, correcting distorted signals, improve subjective video quality, and to detect or pinpoint components of interest in a measured signal.
Ōmura Cave Tomb Cluster
The Ōmura Cave Tomb Cluster (大村横穴群, Ōmura yokoana-gun) is a cluster of yokoanabo tombs dug in artificial caves in a tuff cliff of located in the Shiromoto-machi neighborhood of the city of Hitoyoshi, Kumamoto Prefecture in Kyushu Japan. It was designated as a National Historic Site in 1921.

Kofun
Kofun (古墳; from Sino-Japanese "ancient burial mound") are megalithic tombs or tumuli in Northeast Asia. Kofun were mainly constructed in the Japanese archipelago between the middle of the 3rd century to the early 7th century AD.

The term is the origin of the name of the Kofun period, which indicates the middle 3rd century to early–middle 6th century. Many kofun have distinctive keyhole-shaped mounds (zempō-kōen fun (前方後円墳)). The Mozu-Furuichi kofungun or tumulus clusters were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2019, while Ishibutai Kofun is one of a number in Asuka-Fujiwara residing on the Tentative List.
Leon Lapidus
Leon Lapidus (September 26, 1924 – May 5, 1977) was an American chemist and chemical engineer, the chairman of the department of chemical engineering at Princeton University, a member of the National Academy of Engineering,
an author of over 100 technical publications.

Lapidus was noted for his work in the application of computer techniques to chemical engineering for which he was honored with William H. Walker Award of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers.
His distinctions included the William N. Lacey Lectureship, a membership in the American Chemical Society and in the American Institute of Chemical Engineers,
Professional Progress Award in Chemical Engineering of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers.

William Hultz Walker
William Hultz Walker (April 7, 1869 – July 9, 1934) was an American chemist and professor. He was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and graduated in 1890 at Penn State College and took his Ph.D. at Göttingen (1892). In 1894 he accepted the chair of industrial chemistry at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where from 1908 he was also director of the research laboratory of applied chemistry. Walker was vice president of the International Congress of Applied Chemistry in 1893 and president of the American Electrochemical Society in 1910.  The New York Section of the American Chemical Society conferred on him its Nichols medal in 1908.
Avelan Apartments
Avelan Apartments is a historic three-story building in Ogden, Utah. It was built in 1921 for investor William J. Stephens, and named for one of his sons. 
It is an unusually long, narrow building, with its narrow end to the street.  It has 60 apartments.

The building has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since December 31, 1987.

It is located on the south side of 27th Ave. in Ogden, at number 449, and is adjacent to the similar La Frantz Apartments, also National Register-listed.

National Register of Historic Places listings in Weber County, Utah
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Weber County, Utah.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Weber County, Utah, United States.  Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.

There are 69 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county.  Another 6 properties were once listed on the Register but have been removed.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted April 25, 2025.
Ichijō Sanetsune
Ichijō Sanetsune (一条 実経; 1223 – 30 August 1284), son of regent Michiie, was a kugyō or Japanese court noble of the Kamakura period (1185–1333). He was the founding father of the Ichijō family, one of the five regent houses which monopolized regent positions in Japan's imperial court. He held regent positions kampaku in 1246 and from 1265 to 1267, and sessho from 1246 to 1247. Ietsune and Saneie were his sons.

Five regent houses
The Five Regent Houses (五摂家; go-sekke) is a collective term for the five families of the Fujiwara clan that monopolized the regent position of Sekkan in Japan from 1252 until 1868. The five houses are Konoe, Takatsukasa, Kujō, Ichijō, and Nijō, which were established during the split of the Fujiwara Hokke. After the abolition of the regency in 1868, the Five Regent Houses were all appointed Duke under the new hereditary peerage.
Merychyus
Merychyus is an extinct genus of oreodont of the family Merycoidodontidae, endemic to North America. It lived during the Miocene, 20.4—10.3 mya, existing for approximately 10 million years. Fossils are widespread through the central and western United States.

Merychyus was a herbivore with a short face, tusk-like canine teeth, heavy body, long tail, short feet, and four-toed hooves.

Arikaree Formation
The Arikaree Formation, also Arikaree Group or Arikaree Sandstone is a geological unit in the central High Plains of the western United States. It preserves fossils dating to the late Oligocene to early Miocene.
Yew Tee
Yew Tee is a  residential area in the West Region of Singapore. Yew Tee is a cluster of Housing and Development Board flats and private condominiums. Yew Tee is under the Marsiling–Yew Tee Group Representation Constituency. The current Members of Parliament in the Marsiling—Yew Tee Town Council are Lawrence Wong, Alex Yam, Hany Soh and Zaqy Mohamad from the People's Action Party (PAP).

West Region, Singapore
The West Region is one of the five regions in the city-state of Singapore. The region is the largest in terms of land area and is the third most populous region after the North-East Region and Central Region. Jurong East is the regional centre of the region, with plans of developing the Jurong Lake District into a second CBD area. Jurong West is the most populous town in the region, with a population of 262,730 residents. Comprising 25,500 hectares of land area, it includes twelve planning areas and is home to about 922,540 residents.
2021–22 Campeonato Nacional Feminino
The 2021–22 Campeonato Nacional Feminino (also known as Liga BPI for sponsorship reasons) is the 37th edition of Campeonato Nacional Feminino.

On 8 May 2022, Benfica beat Sporting CP at home by 3–1 and became champions for the second time in their history.

2022–23 Campeonato Nacional Feminino
The 2022–23 Campeonato Nacional Feminino (also known as Liga BPI for sponsorship reasons) is the 38th edition of Campeonato Nacional Feminino. Benfica is the defending champion.

Following the consecutive reduction of teams, the competition was reduced to 12 teams and played in a home-away league. This format removed the North and South series, used until the previous year.
Kvens
Kvens (Kven: kvääni; Finnish: kveeni; Norwegian: kvener; Swedish: kväner; Northern Sami: kveanat) are a Balto-Finnic ethnic group in Northern Norway. In 1996, Kvens were granted minority status in Norway, and in 2005 the Kven language was recognized as a minority language in Norway.

The term Kven is sometimes used more broadly to include the Tornedalians, a closely related Balto-Finnic minority group in northern Sweden.

Birkarls
The Birkarls (Swedish: birkarlar; Finnish: pirkkalaiset) were a small,  unofficially organized group that controlled taxation and commerce in central Lappmarken in Sweden from the 13th to the 17th century.
Madurai Municipal Corporation
Corporation of Madurai is the civic body which administers the city of Madurai in Tamil Nadu, India. Madurai is one of the oldest living cities in the world. Formed on 1 May 1971 as the first Municipal Corporation in Tamil Nadu post independence, it is the third largest municipal corporation in Tamil Nadu in population and revenue. It is also the third largest in Tamil Nadu by population after Greater Chennai Corporation and Coimbatore Municipal Corporation and fifth largest in area after Greater Chennai Corporation, Coimbatore Municipal Corporation, Tiruchirappalli Municipal Corporation, and Tiruppur Municipal Corporation. The annual budget of Madurai Corporation for 2021–22 is Rs.437 crores. It consists of a Council and an Executive wings. The council is headed by the Mayor while the Executive wing is headed by the Commissioner. It consists of 100 wards organised into five zones, viz East, North, Central, South and West.

Tiruppur City Municipal Corporation
Tiruppur City Municipal Corporation is a civic body that governs Tiruppur, Tamil Nadu, India. The corporation consists of 60 wards each represented by a councilor. The Mayor elected by the council is the leader of the civic body.
Kusin
Kusin [ˈkuɕin] (German: Küssin) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Karnice, within Gryfice County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) north-east of Karnice, 17 km (11 mi) north of Gryfice, and 79 km (49 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Karnice, Gryfice County
Karnice [karˈnit͡sɛ] (German: Karnitz) is a village in Gryfice County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Karnice. It lies approximately 17 km (11 mi) north-west of Gryfice and 76 km (47 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

The village has a population of 690.
1999 BYU Cougars football team
The 1999 BYU Cougars football team represented Brigham Young University in the 1999 NCAA Division I-A football season. The Cougars were led by 28th-year head coach LaVell Edwards, in what would be his second-to-last season with the team, and played their home games at Cougar Stadium. This was the school's first year in the newly formed Mountain West Conference, and they would go on to share the conference's first conference championship with Utah and Colorado State. They finished with a record of 8–4 (5–2 MW), and were invited to the 1999 Motor City Bowl, where they lost to undefeated Marshall, 21–3.

1999 Colorado State Rams football team
The 1999 Colorado State Rams football team represented Colorado State University in the 1999 NCAA Division I-A football season. The team was led by seventh-year head coach Sonny Lubick and played its home games at Hughes Stadium. They finished the regular season with an 8–3 record overall and a 5–2 record in the newly formed Mountain West Conference, making them conference co-champions. The team was selected to play in the Liberty Bowl, in which they lost to Southern Miss.
Nuits de Fourvière
45°45′33.79″N 4°49′12.6″E﻿ / ﻿45.7593861°N 4.820167°E﻿ / 45.7593861; 4.820167

The Nuits de Fourvière (Nights of Fourvière) is a festival with theater, circus, music, dance, and film presentations. The festival has taken place every summer since 1946 in the Théâtre antique de Fourvière, and in the Odéon de Lyon (since 1952) in the 5th arrondissement near the Basilique Notre-Dame de Fourvière.

The festival was first managed by the Charbonnières-les-Bains casino, then by the Rhône department starting in the early 1990s. Since 1 January 2005 it has been managed by Grand Lyon.

It is tradition for spectators to throw their seat cushions toward the stage at the end of the performance to show their appreciation.

Basilica of Notre-Dame de Fourvière
The Basilica of Notre-Dame de Fourvière (French: Basilique Notre-Dame de Fourvière) is a minor basilica in Lyon, France. It was built with private funds between 1872 and 1896 in a dominant position overlooking the city. The site it occupies was once the Roman forum of Trajan, the forum vetus (old forum), thus its name (as an inverted corruption of the French Vieux-Forum).
392d Combat Training Squadron
The United States Space Force's 392d Combat Training Squadron was an intercontinental ballistic missile training unit at Vandenberg Air Force Base, California. Its first predecessor was the 592d Bombardment Squadron, which trained aircrews on Boeing B-17 Flying Fortresses during World War II. Its second predecessor was the 392d Missile Training Squadron, which conducted training, primarily for Royal Air Force launch crews, on the PGM-17 Thor missile at Vandenberg from 1958 to 1963. The two squadrons were consolidated in 1985 and activated again in 1993 to train missile crews at Vandenberg. The squadron was inactivated in 2010.

Intermediate-range ballistic missile
An intermediate-range ballistic missile (IRBM) is a ballistic missile with a range between 3,000 to 5,500 km (1,864 to 3,418 miles), categorized between a medium-range ballistic missile (MRBM) and an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM). Classifying ballistic missiles by range is done mostly for convenience. In principle there is little difference between a high-performance IRBM and a low-performance ICBM, because decreasing payload mass can increase the range over the ICBM threshold. The range definition used here is used within the U.S. Missile Defense Agency.
SCHEMBL5334361
SCHEMBL5334361 is a drug which acts as an agonist at the 5-HT2 family of serotonin receptors, and was developed for the treatment of glaucoma. It is a benzazepine derivative structurally related to the anorectic drug lorcaserin. It is selective for 5-HT2A, with an EC50 of 0.4nM at 5-HT2A vs 3.9nM at 5-HT2C and a much lower affinity of 417nM at 5-HT2B.

Lorcaserin
Lorcaserin, marketed under the brand name Belviq, was a weight-loss drug developed by Arena Pharmaceuticals. It reduces appetite by activating the 5-HT2C serotonin receptor in the hypothalamus, a region of the brain which is known to control appetite. It was approved in 2012, and in 2020 was removed from the market in the United States due to an increased risk of cancer detected in users of Belviq.
Tangkhul Hundung
Tangkhul Hundung is a village south of Ukhrul in Ukhrul district, Manipur, India. The village is about 65 kilometres (40 mi) from Ukhrul and about 45 kilometres (28 mi) from Imphal and is partially connected by National Highway 150 that connects Imphal and Kohima via Ukhrul and Jessami. Tangkhul Hundung is divided into two major parts, Tangkhul Hundung Khullen and Tangkhul Hundung Khunou. The village is flanked by Thoyee in the west, Shingkap in the north, Itham in the south and Alang in the east. Locally, the inhabitants speak Tangkhul Hundung tui, which belongs to the Tibeto-Burman language family.

Jessami
Jessami is a village in Ukhrul district, Manipur, India. Jessami is a border village in the extreme north of Manipur State and borders with Meluri, a border village of Nagaland State. Being nearer to Nagaland, the town used to get electricity from Nagaland until the government of Manipur installed a 33 KV Sub-Power station in 2011 to supply power from Manipur. The village came to national attention in 2015 when a fatal bus accident claimed the lives of 13 passengers.

The inhabitants of Jessami are Chakesang. As it is in the border of Manipur and Nagaland, various languages including Chakesang, Tangkhul, Manipuri and Nagamese are commonplace. About 85% of residents work in agriculture.
Economy of Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu has the second-largest economy of any state in India. The state is also the most industrialised in the country. The state is 48.40% urbanised, accounting for around 9.26% of the urban population in the country, while the state as a whole accounted for 5.96% of India's total population in the 2011 census. Services contribute to 54% of the gross domestic product of the state, followed by manufacturing at 33% and agriculture at 13%.

Government is the major investor in the state, with 52% of total investments, followed by private Indian investors at 29.9% and foreign private investors at 14.9%. It has been ranked as the most economically free state in India by the Economic Freedom Rankings for the States of India.

Lakshmi Mills
Lakshmi Mills Company is a major textile yarn and cloth manufacturer in Coimbatore, India. The company was established by G.Kuppuswamy Naidu in 1910.

It has two composite textile units in Coimbatore: Avinashi Road and Palladam and one in Kovilpatti. The promoters of the mill were also instrumental in starting various textile machinery companies notably LMW and medical and educational institutions. The unit in Coimbatore in Papanaickenpalayam is also a well known famous landmark of the city.
2022 Meerbusch Challenger
The 2022  Rhein Asset Open was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the ninth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2022 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Meerbusch, Germany, between 8 and 14 August 2022.

2022 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour in 2022 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2022 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 184 tournaments with prize money ranging from $37,520 up to $159,360. It was the 45th edition of Challenger tournaments cycle and 14th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Malagasy kestrel
The Malagasy kestrel (Falco newtoni), also known as the Madagascar kestrel, Malagasy spotted kestrel, Newton's kestrel, Madagascar spotted kestrel, katiti (Creole) or hitsikitsika (Malagasy), is a small bird of prey of the genus Falco. It is named after British ornithologist Edward Newton. It occurs in two subspecies on Madagascar and at Aldabra. The race from Aldabra is also called Aldabra kestrel (Falco newtoni aldabranus). Its closest living relative is the Seychelles kestrel; they were at one time considered conspecific. Their common ancestors appear to have diverged very recently, probably less than 1 million years ago during the Early or Middle Pleistocene. The Mauritius kestrel is more distantly related (Groombridge et al. 2002).

Seychelles kestrel
The Seychelles kestrel (Falco araeus) is a small bird of prey belonging to the genus Falco in the falcon family, Falconidae. It is endemic to the Seychelles Islands where it is the only breeding bird of prey. It is known in Seychellois Creole as the katiti after its loud, shrill call.
Fair Antigua, We Salute Thee
"Fair Antigua, We Salute Thee" is the de facto national anthem of Antigua and Barbuda. Written by Novelle Richards and composed by Walter P. Chambers, it was adopted in 1967 while Antigua and Barbuda was still a British colony. It was adopted as the customary national anthem upon independence in 1981. Officially, the song is not mentioned in Antiguan and Barbudan legislation although in practice the song is performed during various official events.

National anthem
A national anthem is a patriotic musical composition symbolizing and evoking eulogies of the history and traditions of a country or nation. The majority of national anthems are marches or hymns in style. Some countries that are devolved into multiple constituent states have their own official musical compositions for them (such as with the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union); their constituencies' songs are sometimes referred to as national anthems even though they are not sovereign states.
2013 Ulster Senior Football Championship
The 2013 Ulster Senior Football Championship was the 125th installment of the annual Ulster Senior Football Championship held under the auspices of the Ulster GAA. Donegal were the defending Ulster and All-Ireland champions and were aiming for their third consecutive provincial title.

The final of the competition was contested by two teams from south of the border for the first time since 1983. This was confirmed when Donegal defeated Down in the first semi-final, with the second semi-final between Monaghan and Cavan still to play. Monaghan won that semi-final and went on to win their first Ulster title in 25 years when they overcame Donegal on a scoreline of 0-13 to 0-7 in Clones. They had previously lost finals in 2007 and 2010. They received the Anglo-Celt Cup, and automatically advanced to the quarter-final stage of the 2013 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship.

2010 Ulster Senior Football Championship
The 2010 Ulster Senior Football Championship was the 122nd installment of the annual Ulster Senior Football Championship held under the auspices of the Ulster GAA. It was won by Tyrone who defeated Monaghan in the final to retain the title they won the previous year. The winning team received the Anglo-Celt Cup, and automatically advanced to the quarter-final stage of the 2010 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship.

2010 was the final year of Armagh and Tyrone's eleven-year sharing of Ulster senior titles. The following year brought the rise of an exciting young Donegal team which consigned the decade-long dominance of those two counties to history.
USS Incredible
USS Incredible (AM-249) was an Admirable-class minesweeper built for the U.S. Navy during World War II. She was built to clear minefields in offshore waters, and served the Navy in the North Atlantic Ocean and then in the Pacific Ocean. She returned home, finishing the war with two battle stars to her credit. When she was recalled for duty in the Korean War, she returned home again with four more battle stars.

Admirable-class minesweeper
The Admirable class was one of the largest and most successful classes of minesweepers ordered by the United States Navy during World War II.  Typically, minesweepers detected and removed naval mines before the rest of the fleet arrived, thereby ensuring safe passage for the larger ships. They were also charged with anti-submarine warfare (ASW) duties with rear-mounted depth charge racks and a forward-firing Hedgehog antisubmarine mortar.  Their job was essential to the safety and success of U.S. naval operations during World War II and the Korean War. These minesweepers were also employed as patrol vessel and convoy escorts. The only remaining ship of this class is located at Freedom Park, Omaha, NE.

The PCE-842-class of patrol craft escorts was based on the Admirable-class design.