hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
St Giles's Roundhouse
The St Giles's Roundhouse was a small roundhouse or prison, mainly used to temporarily hold suspected criminals.

It was located in the St Giles area of present-day central London, between Charing Cross Road and Holborn, which – during the 17th and 18th centuries – was a 'rookery' notorious for its thieves and other criminals.

The Roundhouse was notable for being one of the prisons from which notorious thief Jack Sheppard escaped, in 1724.  The building was converted into almshouses in around 1780.

Rookery (slum)
A rookery, in the colloquial English of the 18th and 19th centuries, was a city slum occupied by poor people and frequently also by criminals and prostitutes. Such areas were overcrowded, with low-quality housing and little or no sanitation. Local industry such as coal plants and gasholders polluted the rookery air. Poorly constructed dwellings, built with multiple storeys and often crammed into any area of open ground, created densely populated areas of gloomy, narrow streets and alleyways. By many, these parts of the city were sometimes deemed "uninhabitable".
Radha Bahin Bhatt
Radha Bahin Bhatt (born October 16, 1931), also known as Radha Bhatt, is an Indian Gandhian social worker, environmentalist, and women's empowerment activist from Uttarakhand. She was awarded the Padma Shri, India's fourth-highest civilian honor, in 2025 in the field of social work.

Chipko movement
The Chipko movement (Hindi: चिपको आन्दोलन, lit. 'hugging movement') is a forest conservation movement in India. Opposed to commercial logging and the government's policies on deforestation, protesters in the 1970s engaged in tree hugging, wrapping their arms around trees so that they could not be felled.

Today, beyond its eco-socialist reputation, the movement is seen increasingly as an ecofeminist one. Although many of its leaders were men, women had a much more significant participation, as they were the ones most affected by the rampant deforestation, which led to a lack of firewood, fodder and water for drinking and irrigation. Over the years the women also became primary stakeholders in a majority of the afforestation work that happened under the Chipko movement. In 1987, the Chipko movement was awarded the Right Livelihood Award "for its dedication to the conservation, restoration and ecologically-sound use of India's natural resources".
Niels Duffhuës
Niels Duffhuës (born 8 January 1973 in Oss) is a Dutch multi-instrumentalist, composer and writer. From 1993 to 1994 he was the vocalist and acoustic guitarist in the then Doom metal band The Gathering, and he played on their album Almost a Dance, released in 1993. From 1997 to 1998, he played drums in U-Charger. In 1998 he founded the experimental rock band Enos, and he recorded the album Tremolo with them, before they split in 2001. From 2000 to 2002 he was also a member of Blimey!. After that he started a solo career, and he released several albums. He released The Village in 2018.

Doom metal
Doom metal is an extreme subgenre of heavy metal music that typically uses slower tempos, low-tuned guitars and a much "thicker" or "heavier" sound than other heavy metal genres. Both the music and the lyrics are intended to evoke a sense of despair, dread, and impending doom. The genre is strongly influenced by the early work of Black Sabbath, who formed a prototype for doom metal. During the first half of the 1980s, a number of bands such as Witchfinder General and Pagan Altar from England, American bands Pentagram, Saint Vitus, the Obsessed, Trouble, and Cirith Ungol, and Swedish band Candlemass defined doom metal as a distinct genre.
Bukit Ho Swee (TV series)
Bukit Ho Swee (河水山) is a Singaporean Chinese language TV series aired in 2002 on Channel 8. With the "kampungs" of Bukit Ho Swee, a prominent Chinese village estate notorious for its cramped squatters and gangsters at that time, as a backdrop, the series is set during the 1950s prior to the infamous fire of 1961.

Kampong
A kampong (this term is in Za'aba Spelling, kampung in both modern Malay and Indonesian)  is a type of village in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, and Singapore and a 'dock' in Cambodia. The term applies to traditional villages, especially of indigenous peoples.

This term has also been used to refer to urban slum areas or enclosed developments and neighborhoods within towns and cities in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Philippines, Cambodia, Sri Lanka, and Christmas Island. The design and architecture of traditional kampong villages have been targeted for reform by urbanists and modernists. These villages have also been adapted by contemporary architects for various projects.
Novosyolovo
Novosyolovo or Novoselovo (Russian: Новосёлово) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Novosyolovo, Krasnoyarsk Krai, a selo in Novosyolovsky District of Krasnoyarsk Krai

Novosyolovo, Kirzhachsky District, Vladimir Oblast, the place of Yuri Gagarin's death

Novosyolovo, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, a village in Sharangsky District of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast

Novosyolovsky District
Novosyolovsky District (Russian: Новосёловский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the forty-three in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the krai and borders with Balakhtinsky District in the north and east, Krasnoturansky District in the southeast, the Republic of Khakassia in the southwest and west, and with Uzhursky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 3,881 square kilometers (1,498 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Novosyolovo. Population: 14,135 (2010 Census); 16,382 (2002 Census); 17,358 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Novosyolovo accounts for 42.3% of the district's total population.
Yang Dacai
Yang Dacai (Chinese: 杨达才; pinyin: Yáng Dácái) is a Chinese former politician. He was the head of the Shaanxi province work safety administration when a viral photo of him at the scene of the Shaanxi bus–tanker crash showed him wearing a luxury timepiece caused a public outcry against corruption in China.  Chinese netizens found images of Yang on Xina Weibo wearing at least 10 different watches. The Xi'an Intermediate People's Court issued a prison sentence of 14 years for taking bribes and possessing assets of unclear origin. Since Yang was smiling in the original photo and in images taken during his sentencing, he became known as the "smiling official" (Chinese: 微笑局长) as well as 'Brother Watch' (Chinese: 表哥).

Viral phenomenon
Viral phenomena or viral sensations are objects or patterns that are able to replicate themselves or convert other objects into copies of themselves when these objects are exposed to them. Analogous to the way in which viruses propagate, the term viral pertains to a video, image, or written content spreading to numerous online users within a short time period. This concept has become a common way to describe how thoughts, information, and trends move into and through a human population.

The popularity of viral media has been fueled by the rapid rise of social network sites,: 17  wherein audiences—who are metaphorically described as experiencing "infection" and "contamination"—play as passive carriers rather than an active role to 'spread' content, making such content "go viral".: 21  The term viral media differs from spreadable media as the latter refers to the potential of content to become viral. Memes are one known example of informational viral patterns.
2003 European Baseball Championship
The 2003 European Baseball Championship was the 38th edition of the European Baseball Championship. The tournament was held in Haarlem, Rotterdam, and Amsterdam, the Netherlands from 11 to 19 July 2003 and included 12 national teams of the Confederation of European Baseball.

Netherlands won its 18th championship, defeating Greece in the final, 2–0. Greece, competing in its first European championship, fielded a team with several Minor League Baseball players, including future major leaguers Nick Markakis and George Kottaras and former major leaguers Erik Pappas, Kevin Pickford, and Sean Spencer.

Spain won the bronze medal, defeating Sweden in the bronze medal game. The tournament served as the qualification for the 2005 Baseball World Cup, with the top four teams qualifying for the championship.

Spain national baseball team
The Spain national baseball team is the national team of Spain. It is governed by the Royal Spanish Baseball and Softball Federation. It is a member nation of the Confédération Européenne de Baseball, or Confederation of European Baseball.
Slovenian Republic Football Cup
The Slovenian Republic Football Cup (Slovene: Slovenski republiški nogometni pokal) was the football knockout competition in SR Slovenia within the Yugoslav football system, and served as a qualifier for the main stage of the Yugoslav Cup. After the independence of Slovenia in 1991, it was transformed into the Slovenian Football Cup.

Yugoslav football league system
The Yugoslav football league system refers to the system of interconnected leagues in association football which was in place during the existence of Yugoslavia and organized by the Football Association of Yugoslavia (FSJ).

The exact formats and numbers of levels changed several times, the last time in 1988, when the four inter-republic groups were introduced at third level. The groups were called that way because unlike the fourth tier groups they did not correspond territorially to Yugoslavia's six federal republics.
Snowden (song)
"Snowden" is the second single from British indie rock band Doves' third album, Some Cities (2005). It was released in the United Kingdom on 9 May 2005, charting at number 17 on the UK Singles Chart and number 42 on the Irish Singles Chart. The single version of the song was mixed by Rich Costey. Two music videos were produced for the song, directed by Dominic Leung. One features the album version of the song, and the other (also known as the "live edit") features the Rich Costey mix, with both videos featuring different footage.

B-side "Son of a Builder" contains elements of "Beasley Street," written by Mancunian performance poet John Cooper Clarke.

Rich Costey
Richard Costey is an American music producer, mixer, and engineer. He has worked with musicians across genres including rock, indie, pop, hip-hop, and electronica. Notable collaborators include Fiona Apple, Vampire Weekend, Foo Fighters, Sigur Rós, Muse, Foster the People, Swirlies, Sam Fender, and My Chemical Romance. He has earned a Latin Grammy for his work.
Protocatechuate decarboxylase
The enzyme protocatechuate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.63) catalyzes the chemical reaction

3,4-dihydroxybenzoate  catechol + CO2

This enzyme belongs to the family of lyases, specifically the carboxy-lyases, which cleave carbon-carbon bonds.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate carboxy-lyase (catechol-forming). Other names in common use include 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate decarboxylase, and protocatechuate carboxy-lyase.  This enzyme participates in benzoate degradation via hydroxylation.

Benzoate degradation via hydroxylation
Benzoate degradation via hydroxylation is an enzyme-catalyzed, bacterial chemical reaction. Benzoate is degraded aerobically and anaerobically. Aerobic degradation forms catechol. Anaerobic degradation forms cyclohex-1,5-diene-1-carbonylCoA. A hybrid degradation forms Acetyl-CoA and Succinyl-CoA.
Buffy the Vampire Slayer season 4
The fourth season of the television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer premiered on October 5, 1999, on The WB and concluded its 22-episode season on May 23, 2000. It maintained its previous timeslot, airing Tuesdays at 8:00 pm ET. Beginning with this season, the character of Angel was given his own series, which aired on The WB following Buffy. Various Buffy characters made appearances in Angel, including Buffy herself; Cordelia Chase, formerly a regular in Buffy, and Wesley Wyndam-Pryce, who appeared in Buffy season three.

Marc Blucas
Marcus Paul Blucas (/ˈbluːkəs/; born January 11, 1972) is an American actor. Prior to his acting career, he played college basketball with the Wake Forest Demon Deacons. He had his first starring role as soldier and love interest Riley Finn on the WB supernatural drama series Buffy the Vampire Slayer from 1999 to 2000, and later starred as football team manager Matthew Donnelly on the USA drama series Necessary Roughness from 2011 to 2013.

Blucas starred alongside Katie Holmes in the romantic comedy film First Daughter (2004) and also had lead roles in the thriller films Three (2006) and The Killing Floor (2007). He had supporting roles in the romance films I Capture the Castle (2003), After Sex (2007), and The Jane Austen Book Club (2007); the horror films They (2002), Deadline (2009), and Unearth (2020); the thriller films Brawl in Cell Block 99 (2017) and Looking Glass (2018); and the drama films Prey for Rock & Roll (2004) and Touchback (2011).
Ministry of Justice (Jamaica)
The Ministry of Justice (headed by the Minister of Justice) was established in 2001 after having severed ties with the Ministry of National Security and Justice. As a result, prior to the change in 2001, there are past individuals who were referred to as the Minister of National Security and Justice. Additionally, certain Ministers of Justice has also served simultaneously as the Attorney General of Jamaica. The Ministry of Justice is responsible for tasks such as administering legislation, delivering justice services, and providing policy support and analyses of law-related issues."

Delroy Chuck
Delroy Hawmin Chuck KC born (2 December 1950) is a Jamaican lawyer, journalist and politician. He is currently (2016) the member of parliament for the constituency of Saint Andrew North Eastern and the Minister of Justice. Chuck previously served as the Minister of Justice from 2011 to 2012 and as the Speaker of the House of Representatives from 2007 to 2011. He joined the Jamaica Labour Party in 1995 and first contested St. Andrew North Eastern seat in 1997, an election in which he was victorious. He has held his seat ever since and won his fifth term in Parliament in 2016.
Wissgandstöckli
The Wissgandstöckli is a mountain of the Glarus Alps, located on the border between the Swiss cantons of Glarus and St. Gallen. It lies approximately halfway between Matt and Weisstannen.

The Riseten Pass lies to the south of the Wissgandstöckli, and carries a hiking trail between Weisstannen, in the canton of St. Gallen, and Matt, in the canton of Glarus.

Canton of Glarus
The canton of Glarus (German: Kanton Glarus [ˈɡlaːrʊs] ⓘ; Romansh: Chantun Glaruna; French: Canton de Glaris; Italian: Canton Glarona) is a canton in east-central Switzerland. The capital is Glarus.
The population speaks a variety of Alemannic German.
The majority of the population (81%) identifies as Christian, about evenly split between Protestants and Catholics.
Yukon Beringia Interpretive Centre
The Yukon Beringia Interpretive Centre is a research and exhibition facility located at km 1423 (Mile 886) on the Alaska Highway in Whitehorse, Yukon, which opened in 1997. The focus of the interpretive centre is the story of Beringia, the 3200 km landmass stretching from the Kolyma River in Siberia to the Mackenzie River in Canada, which remained non-glaciated during the Pleistocene due to light snowfall from an arid climate. Beringia is of special interest to archeologists and paleontologists as it played a crucial role in the migrations of many animals and humans between Asia and the Americas. The term Beringia was first coined by the Swedish botanist Eric Hultén in 1937.

During Beringia's long history some animals migrated Easterly (mastodons, gomphotheres, mammoths, various members of the deer family, bison, sheep and muskoxen) others Westerly (equines, camels), and yet others reveal many episodes of dispersal (such as lemmings and voles).

Kolyma (river)
The Kolyma (Russian: Колыма, IPA: [kəlɨˈma]; Yakut: Халыма, romanized: Xalıma) is a river in northeastern Siberia, whose basin covers parts of the Sakha Republic, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, and Magadan Oblast of Russia.

The Kolyma is frozen to depths of several metres for about 250 days each year, becoming free of ice only in early June, until October.
Joseph Reid (politician)
Joseph Lloyd Reid (24 September 1917 – 14 August 2015) was a Canadian politician. He was a Progressive Conservative member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was a lawyer by career.

Reid was president of the St. Catharines Chamber of Commerce in the mid-1960s and was the city's mayor from 1973 to 1976. He represented the riding of St. Catharines, Ontario, where he was first elected in 1979. Reid was re-elected in 1980 and 1984, thus serving three successive terms from the 31st to the 33rd Canadian Parliaments. Reid left national politics in 1988 and did not campaign in that year's federal election.

31st Canadian Parliament
The 31st Canadian Parliament was a briefly lived parliament in session from October 9 until December 14, 1979.  The membership was set by the 1979 federal election on May 22, 1979, and it was dissolved after the minority government of Joe Clark failed to pass a Motion of Confidence on December 13, 1979. The dissolution of parliament led to the 1980 federal election.

There was only one session of the 31st Parliament:
2022 Berkeley Tennis Club Challenge – Doubles
Sophie Chang and Angela Kulikov were the defending champions but chose not to participate.

Elvina Kalieva and Peyton Stearns won the title, defeating Allura and Maribella Zamarripa in the final, 7–6(7–5), 7–6(7–5).

Angela Kulikov
Angela Kirsten Kulikov (born 31 March 1998) is an American tennis player who specializes in doubles.
She has a career-high doubles ranking of world No. 57, achieved on 24 October 2022.

Kulikov has played college tennis at the University of Southern California (USC).
XEmacs
XEmacs is a graphical- and console-based text editor which runs on almost any Unix-like operating system as well as Microsoft Windows. XEmacs is a fork, based on a version of GNU Emacs from the late 1980s. Any user can download, use, and modify XEmacs as free software available under the GNU General Public License version 2 or any later version.

Text editor
A text editor is interactive software that allows a user to edit plain text, such as Notepad.

As with any software, a text editor can be installed onto a  system, but often a relatively simple text editor is included in a default installation of an operating system (OS) since editing text files is a relatively basic need for any system and since a simple text editor can be provided at relatively low cost.

As source code is text, any text editor can be used to edit code, but a source-code editor is designed with features specifically intended for editing code. Some provide integration with software development tools and provide a debugging environment.
FC Vorskla Poltava
FC Vorskla Poltava (Ukrainian: ФК «Во́рскла» Полта́ва [ˈwɔrsklɐ polˈtɑwɐ]) is a Ukrainian professional football club based in Poltava. The team set to compete in Ukrainian First League, the second tier of Ukrainian football after relegation from Ukrainian Premier League in 2024–25.

KrAZ
KrAZ (Ukrainian: Кременчуцький Автомобільний Завод, Kremenchutskyi Avtomobilnyi Zavod, Kremenchuk Automobile Plant, also Ukrainian: АвтоКрА́З, AvtoKrAZ) is a factory in Kremenchuk, Ukraine, that produces trucks and other special-purpose vehicles, particularly heavy-duty off-road models. The factory was incorporated as a holding company combining several other factories nationwide and becoming the industrial wing of the finance-industrial group Finance and Credit, which also held the Finance and Credit bank.
AOSD
AOSD can refer to:

Adult-onset Still's disease

Aspect-oriented software development

Army Operations Security Detachment, a subordinate unit of the United States Army 902nd Military Intelligence Group

902nd Military Intelligence Group (United States)
The 902nd Military Intelligence Group was a brigade-sized unit of the United States Army that operated under the command of the United States Army Intelligence and Security Command. Its primary focus was counterintelligence. The headquarters of the unit were located at Fort Meade, Maryland.
Doubling-oriented Doche–Icart–Kohel curve
In mathematics, the doubling-oriented Doche–Icart–Kohel curve is a form in which an elliptic curve can be written. It is a special case of the Weierstrass form and it is also important in elliptic-curve cryptography because the doubling speeds up considerably (computing as composition of 2-isogeny and its dual). It was introduced by Christophe Doche, Thomas Icart, and David R. Kohel in Efficient Scalar Multiplication by Isogeny Decompositions.

Dual abelian variety
In mathematics, a dual abelian variety can be defined from an abelian variety A, defined over a field k.  A 1-dimensional abelian variety is an elliptic curve, and every elliptic curve is isomorphic to its dual, but this fails for higher-dimensional abelian varieties, so the concept of dual becomes more interesting in higher dimensions.
The Ballet-Master's Dream
Le Rêve du maître de ballet, sold in the United States as The Ballet-Master's Dream and in Britain as The Dream of the Ballet Master, is a 1903 French silent trick film by Georges Méliès. It was sold by Méliès's Star Film Company and is numbered 525–526 in its catalogues.

Méliès plays the ballet master; the American catalogue description credits Zizi Papillon as the eccentric dancer. Papillon was a stage performer featured at the Folies Bergère and at the Casino de Paris. The special effects are created using substitution splices, multiple exposures, and dissolves.

A paper print of the film survives at the Library of Congress.

Multiple exposure
In photography and cinematography, a multiple exposure is the superimposition of two or more exposures to create a single image, and double exposure has a corresponding meaning in respect of two images. The exposure values may or may not be identical to each other.
Kay Kirkpatrick
Kay Kirkpatrick (September 13, 1954) is an American politician who is a member of the Georgia State Senate for the 32nd district, a district which includes portions of Cobb and Fulton counties. She is a member of the Republican Party.

Kirkpatrick graduated from the University of Kentucky and the University of Louisville School of Medicine. She worked as an orthopedic surgeon.

On May 16, 2017, Kirkpatrick won a special election to succeed longtime state Sen. Judson Hill, R-Marietta, who had held the seat since 2005 and resigned to run for Congress. Kirkpatrick's margin of victory in the general election was 57–43. She was sworn into office on June 2, 2017.

On March 20, 2020, Kirkpatrick announced she had tested positive for COVID-19, and said she was recovering without complications.

Fulton County, Georgia
Fulton County is in the north-central portion of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 1,066,710, making it the state's most populous county. Its county seat and most populous city is Atlanta, the state capital. About 90% of the city of Atlanta is within Fulton County; the remaining portion is in DeKalb County. Fulton County is the principal county of the Atlanta–Sandy Springs–Roswell metropolitan statistical area.