hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Arrondissements of the Creuse department
The 2 arrondissements of the Creuse department are:

Arrondissement of Aubusson, (subprefecture: Aubusson) with 129 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 43,116 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Guéret, (prefecture of the Creuse department: Guéret) with 127 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 72,586 in 2021.

Subprefectures in France
In France, a subprefecture (French: sous-préfecture) is the commune that hosts the administrative centre of an arrondissement (a primary division of a department). The commune that hosts the administrative center for the whole department is known as the prefecture. The term "subprefecture" also applies to the building that houses the administrative headquarters for an arrondissement.

The civil servant in charge of a subprefecture is the subprefect, assisted by a general secretary. Between May 1982 and February 1988, subprefects were known instead by the title Deputy Commissioner of the Republic (commissaire adjoint de la République). Where the administration of an arrondissement is carried out from a prefecture, the general secretary to the prefect carries out duties equivalent to those of the subprefect.

(The municipal arrondissements of Paris, Lyon and Marseille are divisions of the commune rather than the department. They are not arrondissements in the same sense.)
Ivan Alimarin
Ivan Pavlovich Alimarin (Russian: Иван Павлович Алимарин, September 11, 1903 - December 17, 1989) was a Soviet analytical chemist, academician of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union (1966), Laureate of the State Prize of the USSR (1972), and Hero of Socialist Labor (1980). Alimarin's scientific activity covered several problems in analytical chemistry, including mineral analysis, and impurity detection in semiconductors.

Tantalum
Tantalum is a chemical element; it has symbol Ta and atomic number 73. It is named after Tantalus, a figure in Greek mythology. Tantalum is a very hard, ductile, lustrous, blue-gray transition metal that is highly corrosion-resistant. It is part of the refractory metals group, which are widely used as components of strong high-melting-point alloys. It is a group 5 element, along with vanadium and niobium, and it always occurs in geologic sources together with the chemically similar niobium, mainly in the mineral groups tantalite, columbite, and coltan.

The chemical inertness and very high melting point of tantalum make it valuable for laboratory and industrial equipment such as reaction vessels and vacuum furnaces. It is used in tantalum capacitors for electronic equipment such as computers. It is being investigated for use as a material for high-quality superconducting resonators in quantum processors.
Green rust
Green rust is a generic name for various green crystalline chemical compounds containing iron(II) and iron(III) cations, the hydroxide (OH−) anion, and another anion such as carbonate (CO2−3), chloride (Cl−), or sulfate (SO2−4), in a layered double hydroxide (LDH) structure. The most studied varieties are the following:

carbonate green rust – GR (CO2−3):[Fe2+4Fe3+2(OH−)12]2+ · [CO2−3·2H2O]2−;

chloride green rust – GR (Cl−):[Fe2+3Fe3+(OH−)8]+ · [Cl−·nH2O]−;

sulfate green rust – GR (SO2−4):[Fe2+4Fe3+2(OH−)12]2+ · [SO2−4·2H2O]2−.

Other varieties reported in the literature are bromide Br−, fluoride F−, iodide I−, nitrate NO−3, and selenate SeO2−4.

Green rust was first recognized as a corrosion crust on iron and steel surfaces. It occurs in nature as the mineral fougerite.

Chloride
The term chloride refers to a compound or molecule that contains either a chlorine anion (Cl−), which is a negatively charged chlorine atom, or a non-charged chlorine atom covalently bonded to the rest of the molecule by a single bond (−Cl). The pronunciation of the word "chloride" is /ˈklɔːraɪd/.

Chloride salts such as sodium chloride are often soluble in water. It is an essential electrolyte located in all body fluids responsible for maintaining acid/base balance, transmitting nerve impulses and regulating liquid flow in and out of cells. Other examples of ionic chlorides include potassium chloride (KCl), calcium chloride (CaCl2), and ammonium chloride (NH4Cl). Examples of covalent chlorides include methyl chloride (CH3Cl), carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), sulfuryl chloride (SO2Cl2), and monochloramine (NH2Cl).
Ahmed Benyahia
Ahmed Benyahia (Arabic: أحمد بن يحيى; born in Constantine, Algeria, on 11 May 1943) is an Algerian artist.

He is a notable alumnus of the École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts of Paris, where as a student in the late 1960s he played an instrumental role in successfully bringing French sculptor César Baldaccini as a Professor there, of whom he was to become a distinguished disciple and protégé.

Ahmed Benyahia is the brother of Algerian-French artist Samta Benyahia. and father of infographic artist and cartoonist Racim Benyahia.

He is also known for his acting roles in Algerian cinematographic works.

Zighoud Youcef (commune)
Zighoud Youcef (Arabic: زيغود يوسف) is a town and commune in Constantine Province, Algeria. According to the 2008 census it has a population of 28,764. The town was formerly known as Smendou, and was renamed to its current name in honor of Youcef Zighoud, a guerrilla leader who was killed fighting for Algerian independence against the French.
Iowa Telecom
Iowa Telecommunications Services, Inc., commonly known as Iowa Telecom, provided local telephone service to former GTE customers in the U.S. states of Iowa, Missouri, Illinois, and Minnesota. Iowa Telecom was founded in 1999 as a partnership between Iowa Network Services and ING Barings. It acquired the assets of GTE Midwest, which served Iowa following Bell Atlantic's purchase of GTE. It had 257,700 access lines and served 435 communities in Iowa.

In 2002 Iowa Telecom bought PC Partner Communications and Zumatel Communications.

On February 7, 2008, Iowa Telecom bought Lakedale Communications, Sherbtel Comminuations, Conntections-ETC, and SOMA, all located in Minnesota. At that time it also acquired Willinet in New York.

On November 24, 2009, Iowa Telecom was acquired by Windstream.

Its telephone directories were published by Pinnacle Publishing.

GTE Midwest
GTE Midwest, Inc. was a GTE operating company formed in 1993 upon the split off of some GTE local telephone operations from GTE North. GTE Midwest served Missouri, Iowa, Nebraska, and Minnesota, and included the former operations of Contel in Iowa and Missouri.
Exemplary Public Official Medal
The Exemplary Public Official Medal (abbreviated to EPO as the post-nominal) (Korean: 모범공무원증서) is an award bestowed to exemplary public official with 6th Grade (Assistant Director level, Korean: 주무관)) or under, by the Prime Minister for the executive branch and devolved provincial governments, Speaker of the National Assembly of Korea for legislative branch, Chief Justice of Supreme Court and President of Constitutional Court for judicial branch, and Chairperson of National Election Commission of Korea for independent electoral commission as each of highest constitutional institution. Originally issued as a plaque under Presidential Decree #6971, dated Jan. 15, 1980.  It was changed to a medal under Presidential Decree #11360, dated Feb. 18, 1984.

Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Korea
The chief justice of the Supreme Court of Korea (Korean: 대법원장; Hanja: 大法院長; RR: Daebeobwonjang) is the chief judge of the Supreme Court of Korea. As presiding judge of the grand bench composed of two-thirds of fourteen Supreme Court justices, the chief represents the Supreme Court of Korea. The chief justice is regarded as one of two equivalent heads of judicial branch in Government of South Korea. Another head is the president of the Constitutional Court of Korea. The current chief justice of the Supreme Court of Korea is Cho Hee-dae who was appointed by Yoon Suk Yeol after his first nominee was rejected by the National Assembly.
Chlumetia borbonica
Chlumetia borbonica is a moth of the family Euteliidae. It is known from Réunion, where it is found in low and medium altitudes and Madagascar.

It has a wingspan of approx. 22 mm.

The larvae feed on Syzgium cumini and Eucalyptus robusta of the family Myrtaceae.

Eucalyptus robusta
Eucalyptus robusta, commonly known as swamp mahogany or swamp messmate, is a tree native to eastern Australia. Growing in swampy or waterlogged soils, it is up to 30 m (100 ft) high with thick spongy reddish-brown bark and dark green broad leaves, which help form a dense canopy. The white to cream flowers appear in autumn and winter. The leaves are commonly eaten by insects and are a food item for the koala. It is an important autumn-winter flowering species in eastern Australia and has been planted extensively in many countries around the world. Its timber is used for firewood and in general construction.
Erich Reifschneider
Erich Reifschneider (born 7 September 1957 in Bad Nauheim) is a former competitive figure skater who represented West Germany. He is the 1971 Nebelhorn Trophy champion and a three-time national champion (1973–75). He competed at five ISU Championships; his best result, 12th, came at the 1973 Europeans in Cologne and 1974 Europeans in Zagreb. He works as a doctor in Florstadt.

1974 European Figure Skating Championships
The 1974 European Figure Skating Championships was a senior-level international competition held in Zagreb, Yugoslavia from January 29 to February 2. Elite senior-level figure skaters from European ISU member nations competed for the title of European Champion in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing.
Maierhofer
Maierhofer is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Franz Maierhofer (1897–1943), German Nazi Gauleiter

Matthias Maierhofer (born 1979), Austrian musician

Monika Maierhofer (born 1967), Austrian alpine skier

Rico Maierhofer (born 1987), Filipino basketball player

Ron Maierhofer (born 1935), American soccer player

Sophie Maierhofer (born 1996), Austrian footballer

Stefan Maierhofer (born 1982), Austrian footballer

Sandro Maierhofer (born 1985), Liechtensteiner football player

Stefan Maierhofer
Stefan Maierhofer (born 16 August 1982) is an Austrian former professional footballer who played as a striker. He last played for Würzburger Kickers. Between 2008 and 2011, he made 19 appearances for the Austria national team, scoring one goal.

Maierhofer failed to make the grade with German giants Bayern Munich, making just two first team appearances. After spells with second division teams TuS Koblenz and Greuther Fürth he returned to his homeland with Rapid Wien. He enjoyed the best goalscoring form of his career here, which earned him a move to English Premier League club Wolverhampton Wanderers in 2009, where he made just ten appearances before returning to Austria.
John Williams (Continental Congress)
John Williams (March 14, 1731 – October 10, 1799), born in Surry County, North Carolina, was a Founding Father of the United States and signer of its Articles of Confederation. He was one of the founders of the University of North Carolina. During the American Revolutionary War, Williams was a colonel in the North Carolina militia. In 1777 and 1778, he was a member of the North Carolina House of Commons and served as speaker of the House. Williams was a member of the Continental Congress in 1778 and 1779.

Willams served as a superior court judge both during the colonial era and after the new state of North Carolina was established in 1776. Sitting alongside other superior court judges as part of a Court of Conference (forerunner to the North Carolina Supreme Court), Williams heard the landmark case, Bayard v. Singleton, which announced the principle of judicial review on the state level before Marbury v. Madison did so on the federal level.

Judicial review
Judicial review is a process under which a government's executive, legislative, or administrative actions are subject to review by the judiciary.: 79  In a judicial review, a court may invalidate laws, acts, or governmental actions that are incompatible with a higher authority. For example, an executive decision may be invalidated for being unlawful, or a statute may be invalidated for violating the terms of a constitution. Judicial review is one of the checks and balances in the separation of powers—the power of the judiciary to supervise (judicial supervision) the legislative and executive branches when the latter exceed their authority.

The doctrine varies between jurisdictions, so the procedure and scope of judicial review may differ between and within countries. The judiciary in United States has been described as having unusually strong powers of judicial review from a comparative perspective.
Apna Desh (1949 film)
Apna Desh (Our Country) is a 1949 Hindi social drama film set against the backdrop of Partition and directed by V. Shantaram for his Rajkamal Kalamandir banner.

The story was written by Diwan Sharar and Keshavrao Date. Sharar also wrote the screenplay and dialogue along with acting in the film.
Music was by S. Purshottam and lyrics were by Diwan Sharar and Mirza Ghalib. The cast included Pushpa Hans, Umesh Sharma, Sudha Apte, Chandrashekhar, Manmohan Krishna, Keshavrao Date, Krishna Goel, Diwan Sharar, Parshuram and Satish Vyas.

The film was made a year after Shantaram made Dr. Kotnis Ki Amar Kahani (1946), which was not a success at the box office. Apna Desh is the story of revenge by an abducted woman after the rejection she faces when she meets her family. Using the Partition as background, the film's theme focussed on black-marketing.

V. Shantaram
Shantaram Rajaram Vankudre (18 November 1901 – 30 October 1990), also known as V. Shantaram or Shantaram Bapu, was an Indian film director, producer, screenwriter, actor and editor known for his work in Hindi and Marathi films.  He is best known for films such as Dr. Kotnis Ki Amar Kahani (1946), Amar Bhoopali (1951), Jhanak Jhanak Payal Baaje (1955), Do Aankhen Barah Haath (1957), Navrang (1959), Duniya Na Mane (1937), Pinjara (1972), Chani, Iye Marathiche Nagari and Zunj.
Roux family (marine painters)
The Roux family of Marseille was a family of hydrographers and marine painters that specialized in ship portraits. While many generations were involved in the hydrographic business, it was really only three generations who painted and became known for their skill and accuracy in portraying a ship, making their work seem more like a photograph than a painting. The painters in the family were Joseph, Ange-Joseph Antoine, Mathieu-Antoine, Ursule-Josephine, François Joseph Frédéric and François Geoffroi.

Benaki Museum
The Benaki Museum, established and endowed in 1930 by Antonis Benakis in memory of his father Emmanuel Benakis, is housed in the Benakis family mansion in Athens, Greece. The museum houses Greek works of art from the prehistorical to the modern times, an extensive collection of Asian art, hosts periodic exhibitions and maintains a state-of-the-art restoration and conservation workshop. Although the museum initially housed a collection that included Islamic art, Chinese porcelain and exhibits on toys, its 2000 re-opening led to the creation of satellite museums that focused on specific collections, allowing the main museum to focus on Greek culture over the span of the country's history. This Museum in Athens houses over 100,000 artifacts from Greek history and showcases the many eras, civilizations and cultures which have influenced the development of Greece. Spread over a number of locations, the museum ranks among Greece’s foremost cultural institutions.
Andreas Mavris
Andreas Mavris (Greek: Ανδρέας Μαυρής)  (born 21 March 1972) is a former Cypriot goalkeeper currently a Goalkeeping coach for AEL Limassol of Cyprus working closely with manager Pambos Christodoulou, previously he was coach at Olympiakos Nicosia and Doxa Katokopias. His former teams as a goalkeeper were AEK Larnaca, THOI Lakatamia, Olympiakos Nicosia, Alki Larnaca FC and Doxa Katokopias .

AEL Limassol
Athlitiki Enosi Lemesou (Greek: Αθλητική Ένωση Λεμεσού, lit. 'Athletic Union of Limassol') is a Cypriot sports club based in the city of Limassol, best known for its football team.

AEL Limassol also maintains a men's and women's basketball teams, a women's volleyball team and a (newly established in 1976) Futsal team, a women's handball team as well as a cricket team.

The sponsor of the club is Meridian Sport.
Prishtina Observatory
Prishtina Observatory (Albanian: Observatori i Prishtinës) is an observatory in Pristina, Kosovo, that forms part of the Palace of Youth and Sports building complex built in 1977 in dedication to discovery, scientific research and educational practice.

Observatory
An observatory is a location used for observing terrestrial, marine, or celestial events. Astronomy, climatology/meteorology, geophysics, oceanography and volcanology are examples of disciplines for which observatories have been constructed.

The term observatoire has been used in French since at least 1976 to denote any institution that compiles and presents data on a particular subject (such as public health observatory) or for a particular geographic area (European Audiovisual Observatory).
Bilton Musonda
Bilton Musonda (born 9 April 1971) is a Zambian former footballer who played as a midfielder. He played in six matches for the Zambia national football team in 1995 and 1996. He was also named in Zambia's squad for the 1996 African Cup of Nations tournament. At club level, Musonda played in the Zambia Super League for Mufulira Wanderers and Green Buffaloes.

1996 African Cup of Nations
The 1996 African Cup of Nations, also known as the Coca-Cola 1996 Africa Cup of Nations for sponsorship reasons, was the 20th edition of the Africa Cup of Nations, the football championship of Africa (CAF). It was hosted by South Africa, who replaced original hosts Kenya. The field expanded for the first time to 16 teams, split into four groups of four; the top two teams in each group advancing to the quarterfinals. However, Nigeria withdrew from the tournament at the final moment under pressure from then-dictator Sani Abacha, reducing the field to 15. South Africa won its first championship, beating Tunisia in the final 2–0. The tournament was covered in the 2026 documentary series “Class of ‘96: Rise of a Nation”.
Anvil! The Story of Anvil
Anvil! The Story of Anvil is a 2008 Canadian rockumentary film about the Canadian heavy metal band Anvil. The film is directed by screenwriter Sacha Gervasi, in his directorial debut, and features interviews with other musicians who have been influenced by the band, including Slash, Tom Araya, Lemmy, Scott Ian, and Lars Ulrich.

Scott Ian
Scott Ian (born Scott Ian Rosenfeld, December 31, 1963) is an American musician, best known as the rhythm guitarist, lyricist and co-founder of the thrash metal band Anthrax, of which he is the sole continuous member. Ian is also the guitarist, lyricist, and a founding member of the crossover thrash band Stormtroopers of Death, and is the rhythm guitarist for the metal bands the Damned Things and Mr. Bungle. He has hosted The Rock Show on VH1 and has appeared on VH1's I Love the... series, Heavy: The Story of Metal, and SuperGroup.
Trans-Siberian Railway (Fabergé egg)
The Trans-Siberian Railway egg is a jewelled Easter egg made under the supervision of the Russian jeweller Peter Carl Fabergé in 1900 for Tsar Nicholas II of Russia. The Fabergé egg was presented by Nicolas II as an Easter gift to his wife, the Tsarina Alexandra Fyodorovna. It is currently held in the Kremlin Armoury Museum in Moscow.

Kremlin Armoury
The Kremlin Armoury (Russian: Оружейная палата) is one of the oldest museums in Moscow. It is located in the Moscow Kremlin, and is a part of the Moscow Kremlin Museum.

The Kremlin Armoury originated as the royal arsenal in 1508. Until the transfer of the court to St Petersburg, the Armoury was in charge of producing, purchasing and storing weapons, jewelry and various household articles of the tsars. The finest Muscovite gunsmiths (the Vyatkin brothers), jewelers (Gavrila Ovdokimov), and painters (Simon Ushakov) used to work there. In 1640 and 1683, they opened the iconography and pictorial studios, where the lessons on painting and handicrafts could be given. In 1700, the Armoury was enriched with the treasures of the Golden and Silver chambers of the Russian tsars.
Guillaume Jacques
Guillaume Jacques (Chinese: 向柏霖; pinyin: Xiàng Bólín, born 1979) is a French linguist who specializes in the study of Sino-Tibetan languages: Old Chinese, Tangut, Tibetan, Gyalrongic and Kiranti languages. He also performs research on the Algonquian and Siouan language families and publishes about languages of other families such as Breton. His case studies in historical phonology are set in the framework of panchronic phonology, aiming to formulate generalizations about sound change that are independent of any particular language or language group.

Jacques is one of the main contributors to the Pangloss Collection, an open archive of endangered-language data.

Guillaume Jacques was awarded the CNRS Bronze Medal in 2015.

Tangut language
Tangut (Tangut: 𗼇𗟲; Chinese: 西夏語; pinyin: Xīxià yǔ; lit. 'Western Xia language')  is an extinct Sino‑Tibetan language, now argued to belong within the Horpa subgroup of West Gyalrongic.

Tangut was one of the official languages of the Western Xia dynasty, founded by the Tangut people in northwestern China. The Western Xia was annexed by the Mongol Empire in 1227. The Tangut language has its own script, the Tangut script. The latest known text written in the Tangut language, the Tangut dharani pillars, dates to 1502, suggesting that the language was still in use nearly three hundred years after the collapse of the Western Xia.
Chal Mera Putt 3
Chal Mera Putt 3 is a 2021 Indian Punjabi-language comedy-drama film directed by Janjot Singh. It is a direct sequel to 2020 film Chal Mera Putt 2. The film is produced by Karaj Gill under Rhythm Boyz Entertainment and by Ashu Munish Sahni under Omjee Star Studios. It stars Amrinder Gill, and Simi Chahal in lead roles. The film revolves around Punjabis trying hard to make a living in a foreign land. The film also stars Iftikhar Thakur, Nasir Chinyoti, Akram Udas, Zafri Khan, Gurshabad, Hardeep Gill, Rup Khatkar, Sajan Abbas and Ruby Anam in supporting roles.

Karaj Gill
Karaj Gill is an Indian film producer who makes Punjabi-language films and music. He owns a production house and distribution company Rhythm Boyz Entertainment. Gill began producing films in 2015, with a historical romance film Angrej. He has been nominated for six Filmfare Punjabi Awards, winning two for Bambukat (2016) and Lahoriye (2017), among other accolades.
Hamsiraji Marusi Sali
Hamsiraji Marusi Sali (died 2004) was a member of the Abu Sayyaf Group. He was wanted in the Philippines for at least twenty kidnappings, and wanted in the United States for three kidnappings and two murders.

Sali was killed, along with five accomplices, in a shootout with Philippine Army Scout Rangers under the command of Colonel Noel S. Buan on Basilan on 8 April 2004. One soldier was killed and three wounded in this action.

Three Filipino civilians, who provided information that was of some help in finding Sali, shared a US$1 million reward on 25 October 2004.

1st Scout Ranger Regiment
The Scout Rangers (SR), known officially as the First Scout Ranger Regiment (FSSR), is a special operations forces of the Philippine Army (PA) that is specialized in combat patrols and scouting behind enemy lines in a special operations forces (SOF) style. The SR is similar to the 75th Ranger Regiment of the United States Army (USA). Their headquarters is based at Camp Pablo Tecson in San Miguel, Bulacan.

The regiment is also known as Musangs (in English, Scout Rangers).