hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Palmer House, Great Torrington
Palmer House is a grade II* listed Georgian residence built in 1752 in the town of Great Torrington, North Devon, England. It is notable as it retains many original features, including fine ornate plaster ceilings, marble and carved fireplaces, mahogany doors and a fine balustraded staircase.

Great Torrington
Great Torrington (often abbreviated to Torrington, though the villages of Little Torrington and Black Torrington are situated in the same region) is a market town in Devon, England. Parts of it are sited on high ground with steep drops down to the River Torridge below, with the lower-lying parts of the town prone to occasional flooding. Torrington is in the centre of Tarka Country, a landscape captured by Henry Williamson in his novel Tarka the Otter in 1927. Great Torrington has one of the most active volunteering communities in the United Kingdom.

In July 2019, Great Torrington was reported to be the healthiest place to live in Britain. Researchers from the University of Liverpool found that the area had low levels of pollution, good access to green space and health services, along with few retail outlets.
Starborne: Sovereign Space
Starborne: Sovereign Space was a massively multiplayer, online real-time strategy game developed by Icelandic software company Solid Clouds. In 2013 Solid Clouds began pre production of Starborne with full production starting in 2016 and the first external Alpha that same year. It is currently in Beta. The game is set in a futuristic science fiction setting and the writing fits the genre of a space opera.

Starborne received favorable coverage by video game press for its sixth  and seventh alpha development rounds. In April 2020 the game entered open beta, where it also received positive coverage from reviewers . The game has been described as "An four-week-long game of Civilization but set in space on a map with over 320 - 390 other players."

Massively multiplayer online real-time strategy game
Massively multiplayer online real-time strategy game (MMORTS) mixes the genres of real-time strategy and massively multiplayer online games, possibly in the form of web browser-based games, in which a very large  number of players interact with one another within a virtual world. Players often assume the role of a general, king, or other type of figurehead leading an army into battle while maintaining the resources needed for such warfare.  The titles are often based in a sci-fi or fantasy universe and are distinguished from single or small-scale multiplayer RTSes by the number of players and common use of a persistent world, generally hosted by the game's publisher, which continues to evolve even when the player is offline.
Ayni, Ayni District
Ayni (Russian: Айни; Tajik: Айнӣ) is a village and jamoat in north-west Tajikistan. It is the capital of Ayni District in Sughd Region, named after the Tajik national poet Sadriddin Ayni. It lies about 177 kilometres (110 mi) from Khujand and 165 kilometres (103 mi) from Dushanbe on the bank of the river Zeravshan. The jamoat has a total population of 14,862 (2015). It consists of 11 villages, including Ayni (the seat), Chore, Khushikat, Kumarg, Zasun and Zindakon.

Khujand
Khujand, sometimes spelled Khodjent and formerly known as Leninabad from 1936 to 1991, is the second-largest city of Tajikistan and the capital of Tajikistan's northernmost Sughd province.

Khujand is one of the oldest cities in Central Asia, dating back about 2,500 years to the Persian Empire. Situated on the Syr Darya river at the mouth of the Fergana Valley, Khujand was a major city along the ancient Silk Road. After being captured by Alexander the Great in 329 BC, it was renamed Alexandria Eschate and has since been part of various empires in history, including the Umayyad Caliphate (8th century), the Mongol Empire (13th century) and the Russian empire (19th century). Today, the majority of its population are ethnic Tajiks and the city is close to the present borders of both Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan.
Carpathian Half-Brigade of National Defence
Carpathian Half-Brigade of National Defence (Polish: Karpacka Półbrygada Obrony Narodowej) was a unit of the Polish Army in the interbellum period that took part in the Polish September Campaign. It was formed in July 1937 in Stanisławów. Originally, it consisted of two battalions, but in May 1939 it was expanded to four battalions. In the summer of 1939 it became part of the Karpaty Army. Its battalions were:

Battalion Stryj,

Battalion Stanislawow,

Battalion Huculski I,

Battalion Huculski II.

Polish Land Forces
The Land Forces (Polish: Wojska Lądowe) are the ground forces of the Polish Armed Forces. They currently contain some 110,000 active personnel and form many components of the European Union and NATO deployments around the world. Poland's recorded military history stretches back a millennium – since the 10th century (see List of Polish wars and History of the Polish Army). Poland's modern army was formed after Poland regained independence following World War I in 1918.
RC algorithm
The RC algorithms are a set of symmetric-key encryption algorithms invented by Ron Rivest. The "RC" may stand for either Rivest's cipher or, more informally, Ron's code. Despite the similarity in their names, the algorithms are for the most part unrelated. There have been six RC algorithms so far:

RC1 was never published.

RC2 was a 64-bit block cipher developed in 1987.

RC3 was broken before ever being used.

RC4 is a stream cipher.

RC5 is a 32/64/128-bit block cipher developed in 1994.

RC6, a 128-bit block cipher based heavily on RC5, was an AES finalist developed in 1997.

Symmetric-key algorithm
Symmetric-key algorithms are algorithms for cryptography that use the same cryptographic keys for both the encryption of plaintext and the decryption of ciphertext. The keys may be identical, or there may be a simple transformation to go between the two keys. The keys, in practice, represent a shared secret between two or more parties that can be used to maintain a private information link. The requirement that both parties have access to the secret key is one of the main drawbacks of symmetric-key encryption, in comparison to asymmetric-key encryption (also known as public-key encryption). However, symmetric-key encryption algorithms are usually better for bulk encryption. With exception of the one-time pad they have a smaller key size, which means less storage space and faster transmission. Due to this, asymmetric-key encryption is often used to exchange the secret key for symmetric-key encryption.
HiVE
The High-precision Versatile Ecosphere (HiVE) is a satellite constellation of Earth observation satellites under development by the German company constellr. The constellation is designed to deliver high resolution land surface temperature data on a global scale using infrared imaging for agriculture, urban planning, and infrastructure management. HiVE is supported and partially funded by the European Space Agency's InCubed programme and contributes to the EU's Copernicus programme for Earth observation. First two satellites of the constellation were launched on two separate flights of Falcon 9 in 2025.

Satellite constellation
A satellite constellation is a group of artificial satellites working together as a system. Unlike a single satellite, a constellation can provide permanent global or near-global coverage, such that at any time everywhere on Earth at least one satellite is visible. Satellites are typically placed in sets of complementary orbital planes and connect to globally distributed ground stations. They may also use inter-satellite communication.
Omar El Kaddouri
Omar El Kaddouri (Arabic: عُمَر الْقَادُورِيّ; Riffian-Berber: ⵄⵎⴰⵔ ⵍⵇⴰⴷⵓⵔⵉ; born 21 August 1990) is a professional footballer who plays as a midfielder or a winger. Born in Belgium, he represented Morocco at international level.

Greek Football Cup
The Greek Football Cup (Greek: Ελληνικό Κύπελλο Ποδοσφαίρου), officially known as Betsson Greek Cup (Greek: Κύπελλο Ελλάδας Betsson) for sponsorship reasons is a Greek association football competition, run by the HFF.

The Greek Cup is the second-most important domestic men's football event in Greece, after the championship of Super League. Since its inception in 1931 it has been held 83 times, with a cup winner being crowned on 82 occasions, the final in 1962 being the only occasion when no champion was crowned.

Olympiacos is the most successful club, having reached the final 43 times and earning 29 trophies.
Kiniviliame Taukeinikoro
Ratu Kiniviliame Taukeinikoro is a Fijian Chief and former political leader.  From 2001 to 2006, he represented the Province of Namosi in the Senate as one of fourteen nominees of the Great Council of Chiefs.  He was a member of the Joint Sector Committee on Economic Services.

In the parliamentary election of 1999, he was an unsuccessful candidate of the Soqosoqo ni Vakavulewa ni Taukei (SVT) for the Namosi Fijian Communal Constituency in the House of Representatives.

Great Council of Chiefs
The Great Council of Chiefs (Fijian: Bose Levu Vakaturaga) is a Fijian constitutional body. It previously existed from 1876 to March 2012 and was restored in May 2023.

It is different from the House of Chiefs, a larger body that includes all hereditary chiefs, although membership of the two bodies overlapped to a considerable extent. The Great Council of Chiefs in its most recent form was established under Section 116 of the now-defunct 1997 Constitution, but it actually predated the Constitution by many years, having been established by the British colonial rulers as an advisory body in 1876, two years after Fiji was ceded to the United Kingdom.

The current chairperson is Ratu Viliame Seruvakula.
Edmonton-Meadowlark
Edmonton Meadowlark was a provincial electoral district in Alberta, Canada, mandated to return a single member to the Legislative Assembly of Alberta using the first past the post method of voting from 1971 to 2019.

The electoral district located on the western edge of Edmonton was created in the 1971 boundary redistribution from the old electoral districts of Edmonton Jasper Place and Edmonton West.

The district has switched support between Progressive Conservative and Liberal candidates with regular frequency since it was created, a trend broken by the election of the New Democrat MLA Jon Carson in the 2015 general election.

Edmonton West (provincial electoral district)
Edmonton West stylized as Edmonton (West) from 1917 to 1921, was a provincial electoral district in Alberta, Canada, mandated to return a single member to the Legislative Assembly of Alberta from 1917 to 1921 and again from 1963 to 1971.
Willie Bean
Willie Bean Roscoe P Coltrane is a yellow labrador retriever who has been the focus of several political satires during 2008, and is also the first dog who ran for mayor of Fairhope, Alabama. Tress Turner is the owner and director of the Willie Bean for Mayor and Willie Bean for President campaigns.

Fairhope, Alabama
Fairhope is a city in Baldwin County, Alabama, United States, located on the eastern shoreline of Mobile Bay. The population was 22,477 at the 2020 census. Fairhope is a principal city of the Daphne-Fairhope-Foley metropolitan area, which includes all of Baldwin County.
Villa Etelinda
The Villa Etelinda is a villa of the 19th century located at 38 Via Romana in Bordighera, province of Imperia in Liguria. Originally named Villa Bischoffsheim, the house was renamed in 1896 as Villa Etelinda by Claude Bowes-Lyon, 13th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne (paternal grandfather of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother). The villa is part of the property protected by the Superintendent for Architectural Heritage and Landscape of Liguria.

Margherita of Savoy
Margherita of Savoy (Margherita Maria Teresa Giovanna; 20 November 1851 – 4 January 1926) was Queen of Italy by marriage to her first cousin King Umberto I of Italy. She was the daughter of Prince Ferdinando of Savoy, Duke of Genoa, and Princess Elisabeth of Saxony, and the mother of King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy.
Harley Parker
Harley Parker (April 13, 1915 – March 3, 1992) was a Canadian artist, designer, curator, professor and scholar - a frequent collaborator with fellow Canadian and communications theorist Marshall McLuhan.

Parker specialized in watercolour painting, and exhibited internationally.
He was awarded numerous grants over his life, including two Canada Council Grants, and a British Council of the Arts Grant. He lectured all over the world, was published internationally, and collaborated closely with manifold scholars and thinkers, McLuhan among them.

McLuhan Program in Culture and Technology
The McLuhan Program in Culture and Technology started in 1963 as the Centre for Culture and Technology, initially a card pinned to the door of Marshall McLuhan's office in the English department at the University of Toronto. In 1965, McLuhan draft Constitution for the center read: "The Centre is established to advance the understanding of the origins and effects of technology" to "investigation into the psychic and social consequences of technologies."
The Survivors of the "Jonathan"
The Survivors of the "Jonathan" is a novel that was written by Jules Verne in 1897 under the title Magellania (Spanish: En la Magallanía).  However, it was not published until 1909, after it had been rewritten by Verne's son Michel under the title Les naufragés du "Jonathan".

Pierre-Jules Hetzel
Pierre-Jules Hetzel (French: [ɛtsɛl]; 15 January 1814 – 17 March 1886) was a French editor and publisher celebrated for his extraordinarily lavishly illustrated editions of Jules Verne's novels, highly prized by collectors.
Permanganometry
Permanganommetry is one of the techniques used in chemical quantitative analysis. It is a redox titration that involves the use of permanganates to measure the amount of analyte present in unknown chemical samples. It involves two steps, namely the titration of the analyte with potassium permanganate solution and then the standardization of potassium permanganate solution with standard sodium oxalate solution. The titration involves volumetric manipulations to prepare the analyte solutions.

Permanganometry allows the detection and estimation of the quantitative presence of various chemical species, such as iron(II), manganese(II), oxalate, nitrite, and hydrogen peroxide.

Analyte
An analyte, component (in clinical chemistry), titrand (in titrations), or chemical species is a substance or chemical constituent that is of interest in an analytical procedure. The remainder of the sample is called the matrix. The procedure of analysis measures the analyte's chemical or physical properties, thus establishing its identity or concentration in the sample.
Winnipeg Route 135
Route 135, also known as Fermor Avenue, is a city route in Winnipeg, Manitoba. It runs from Dunkirk Drive to the Winnipeg city limit, through the suburbs of St. Vital and St. Boniface.

The route begins as a principal arterial road, passing through residential, commercial, and industrial areas before becoming an expressway with service roads east of Lagimodière Boulevard (Highway 59). The section between St. Anne's Road and the Perimeter Highway forms part of the Trans-Canada Highway (Highway 1) route through the city.

St. Boniface, Winnipeg
St. Boniface (French: Saint-Boniface) is a city ward and neighbourhood in Winnipeg. Along with being the centre of the Franco-Manitoban community, it ranks as the largest francophone community in Western Canada.

It features such landmarks as the St. Boniface Cathedral, Boulevard Provencher, the Provencher Bridge, Esplanade Riel, Saint Boniface Hospital, the Université de Saint-Boniface, and the Royal Canadian Mint.

The area covers much of eastern Winnipeg, including Old St. Boniface. It consists of the neighbourhoods of Norwood West, Norwood East, Windsor Park, Niakwa Park, Niakwa Place, Southdale, Southland Park, Royalwood, Sage Creek, and Island Lakes, among others, plus a large industrial area. The ward is represented by Matt Allard, a member of Winnipeg City Council, and also corresponds to the neighbourhood clusters of St. Boniface East and West. The population was 58,520 according to the Canada 2016 Census.
Crucial X8
The Crucial X8 is an external solid-state drive (SSD) released by Crucial, a subsidiary of Micron Technology. It was released in 2019 and is the first portable flash storage device to be released by Micron after it sold off its previous subsidiary Lexar in 2017.

Lexar
Lexar International is an American computer technology company based in San Jose, California that specializes in the design of flash memory products. Since 2017, it is a subsidiary of Shenzhen, China-based flash memory company Longsys.

The Lexar "JumpDrive" trademark was often used synonymously with the term USB flash drives when the technology was first adopted.
1934 All-Ireland Junior Hurling Championship
The 1934 All-Ireland Junior Hurling Championship was the 17th staging of the All-Ireland Junior Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1912.

Tipperary entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Cork in the Munster first round.

The All-Ireland final was played on 4 November 1934 at St. Conleth's Park in Newbridge, between Waterford and London, in what was their first ever meeting in a final. Waterford won the match by 3-05 to 3-03 to claim their second championship title overall and a first title since 1931.

1931 All-Ireland Junior Hurling Championship
The 1931 All-Ireland Junior Hurling Championship was the 14th staging of the All-Ireland Junior Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1912.

Tipperary entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Waterford in the Munster final.

The All-Ireland final was played on 1 November 1931 at Croke Park in Dublin, between Waterford and Lancashire, in what was their first meeting in a final. Waterford won the match by 10-07 to 1-02 to claim their first ever championship title.
Tamarisi
Tamarisi is a daba (Urban-type settlement) in southern Georgia with almost 700 residents (2021[1]), located in Bolnisi Municipality (Kvemo Kartli region). Tamarisi is located 7 kilometers west of the city of Marneuli, on the Georgian S6 highway (E117). Five kilometers to the south is the larger village of Tamarisi, which belongs to the municipality of Marneuli, with which it should not be confused.

Marneuli
Marneuli (Georgian: მარნეული [maɾne.uli], Azerbaijani: Sarvan) is a city in the Kvemo Kartli region of southern Georgia and administrative center of Marneuli Municipality that borders neighboring Azerbaijan and Armenia.
Monster of the Mangones
The Monster of the Mangones is the name given to an unidentified Colombian serial killer who, between the 1960s and 1970s, murdered between 30 and 38 preadolescent and teenage boys in Cali. Believed to be a native of the city, he would kidnap and later kill most of his victims in various remote vacant lots.

At the time, it was the most notorious criminal case in the country's history. For some, the Monster was a simple myth or legend, while others believe that he actually existed, later earning comparisons with Luis Garavito.

His modus operandi consisted of inserting needles into the heart and thorax, assaults, rapes and torture. It is believed that he used syringes to draw blood from his victims. The killer was described as a true sexual sadist, and possible sufferer of Renfield's syndrome.

Clinical vampirism
Clinical vampirism, more commonly known as Renfield's syndrome, is an obsession with drinking blood. The earliest presentation of clinical vampirism in psychiatric literature was a psychoanalytic interpretation of two cases, contributed by Richard L. Vanden Bergh and John F. Kelley. As the authors point out, brief and sporadic reports of blood-drinking behaviors associated with sexual pleasure have appeared in the psychiatric literature at least since 1892 with the work of Austrian forensic psychiatrist Richard von Krafft-Ebing. Many medical publications concerning clinical vampirism can be found in the literature of forensic psychiatry, with the behavior being reported as an aspect of extraordinary violent crimes.
Kirit Raval
Kirit Raval (died April 26, 2005) was an Indian attorney who served as the Solicitor General of India from 2002 until 2004.  Raval served as an Additional Solicitor General of India from 1998 to 2002, when he succeeded Harish Salve as the Solicitor General.  He, in turn, was succeeded by G. E. Vahanvati beginning in 2004. He was the first Solicitor General of India to hail from the state of Gujarat. He studied management at the Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad. He died of cancer on April 26, 2005.

Harish Salve
Harish Salve is an Indian senior advocate who practices at the Supreme Court of India. He served as the Solicitor General of India from 1 November 1999 to 3 November 2002. He also fought the case of Kulbhushan Jadhav at the International Court of Justice (ICJ). On 16 January 2020 he was appointed as a King's Counsel for the courts of England and Wales.
2024–25 Nigeria Premier Football League
The 2024–25 Nigeria Premier Football League was the 54th season of Nigeria's top-flight association football league, the 35th since attaining professionalism and the second under the current name. The season commenced early on 31 August 2024 with the defending champions, Enugu Rangers hosting El-Kanemi Warriors.

On 27 April 2025, Remo Stars defeated Niger Tornadoes to secure their first ever Nigeria Premier Football League title with 3 games to spare. With this triumph, they became the first South-western club to win the title since Julius Berger in 2000.

This season also saw an increase of N50 million in prize money for the champions from the previous season, with the winners taking home N200 million. Additionally, the NPFL secured a sponsorship deal with British multinational television production company, IMG/JVco for broadcast of league games.

Nigerian naira
The naira (sign: ₦; code: NGN; Yoruba: náírà, Hausa: نَيْرَ, romanized: naira, Igbo: naịra, Tyap: nera) is the currency of Nigeria. One naira is divided into 100 kobo.

The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) is the sole issuer of legal tender money throughout the Federal Republic of Nigeria. It controls the volume of money supplied in the economy in order to ensure monetary and price stability. The Currency Operations Department of the CBN is in charge of currency management, through the designs, procurement, distribution and supply, processing, reissue and disposal or disintegration of bank notes and coins.

A major cash crunch occurred in February 2023 when the Nigerian government used a currency note changeover—delivering too few of the new notes into circulation—to attempt to force citizens to use a newly created government-sponsored central bank digital currency.  This led to extensive street protests.