hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
New Holland, Pennsylvania
New Holland (Pennsylvania Dutch: Seischwamm) is a borough in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 5,762, an increase over the figure of 5,378 tabulated in 2010.

Borough (Pennsylvania)
In the United States Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, a borough (sometimes spelled boro) is a self-governing municipal entity, equivalent to a town in most jurisdictions, usually smaller than a city, but with a similar population density in its residential areas.  Sometimes thought of as "junior cities", boroughs generally have fewer powers and responsibilities than full-fledged cities.
Bplats
Bplats, Inc. is an application service provider (ASP) based in Tokyo, Japan. The company offers software as a service (SaaS) and platform as a service (PaaS) solutions. It runs web portals on ASP, SaaS and cloud computing and an online store to sell software and hardware, such as the VY Vocaloid series.

Application service provider
An application service provider (ASP) is a business providing application software generally through the Web. ASPs that specialize in a particular application (such as a medical billing program) may be referred to as providing software as a service.
Sports in Memphis, Tennessee
Sports in Memphis, Tennessee, are supported in the city by Memphis Park Services, which offers a wide range of public facilities, including 17 swimming pools, 8 public golf courses, 48 athletic fields hosting a range of 510 youth and 269 adult teams, 130 basketball courts (101 outdoor and 29 indoor), 7 tennis centers and a soccer complex.

Memphis is also home to professional sports teams in basketball, baseball and other sports. Golf, basketball, baseball and tennis are popular recreational sports in Memphis.

Southaven, Mississippi
Southaven is a city in DeSoto County, Mississippi, United States. It is a principal city in Greater Memphis. The 2020 census reported a population of 54,648, making it the 3rd most populous city in Mississippi and the largest suburb of Memphis by population. Southaven surpassed Bartlett, TN as largest suburb with a population of 56,851 according to 2023 census estimates. Southaven is traversed north to south by the I-55/I-69 freeway. The city's name derives from the fact that Southaven is located south of Whitehaven, a neighborhood in Memphis.
S. M. Anantham
Seemanpillai Mudaliar Anantham was a Ceylon Tamil proctor, politician and member of the State Council of Ceylon.

Anantham was an unofficial magistrate. He contested the 1931 State Council election as an independent candidate in Mannar-Mullaitivu and was elected to the State Council of Ceylon.

Proctor
Proctor (a variant of procurator) is a person who takes charge of, or acts for, another.

The title is used in England and some other English-speaking countries in three principal contexts:

In law, a proctor is a historical class of lawyers, and the King's (or Queen's) Proctor is a senior government lawyer.

In religion, a proctor represents the clergy in Church of England dioceses.

In education, proctor is the name of university officials in certain universities.

In the United States and some other countries, the word "proctor" is frequently used to describe someone who supervises an examination (i.e. a supervisor or invigilator).
Robert W. Higgs
Rear Admiral(ret) Robert William Higgs SM MMM SAN (Rtd) (7 July 1957, King Williams Town) is a former-South African Navy officer, who served as Chief of Naval Staff from 1 November 2010 to 31 August 2016.

Qonce
Qonce, formerly King William's Town, is a town in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa along the banks of the Buffalo River. The town is about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northwest of the Indian Ocean port of East London. It has a population of around 35,000 inhabitants and forms part of the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality.

The town lies 389 m (1,276 ft) above sea level at the foot of the Amathole Mountains in an area known for its agriculture. The town has one of the oldest post offices in the country developed by missionaries led by Charles Brownlee.
Administrative divisions of the Novgorod Republic
The administrative division of Novgorod Republic is not definitely known; the country was divided into several tysyachas (lit. thousands) and volosts. The city of Novgorod with its vicinity, as well as a few other towns, were not part of any of those. Pskov achieved an autonomy from Novgorod in the 13th century; its independence was confirmed by the Treaty of Bolotovo in 1348.

After the fall of the republic, Novgorod Land, as part of Muscovy, consisted of 5 pyatinas (literally "fifths") that were further divided into uyezds and pogosts. This division was replaced only in the beginning of 18th century when Peter I introduced guberniyas.

Volost
Volost (Belarusian: во́ласць, romanized: volasts; Lithuanian: valsčius; Russian: во́лость [ˈvoɫəsʲtʲ]; Ukrainian: во́лость) was a traditional administrative subdivision in Kievan Rus', the Grand Duchy of Moscow, and the Russian Empire.
Superhiks
Superhiks (Macedonian: Суперхикс) is a Macedonian ska-punk and reggae band with occasional swing, Latin and Balkan folk music elements from Skopje, North Macedonia. They gained international prominence after appearing on MTV France, MTV Israel and MTV Adria. They were also the first Macedonian band to reach the top of the charts on MTV Adria.

Latin music
Latin music (Portuguese and Spanish: música latina) is a term used by the music industry as a catch-all category for various styles of music from Ibero-America, which encompasses Latin America, Spain, Portugal, and the Latino population in Canada and the United States, as well as music that is sung in either Spanish or Portuguese. It may also include music from other territories where Spanish- and Portuguese-language music is made.
Curtain Fig National Park
The Curtain Fig National Park is a national park on the Atherton Tableland in Far North Queensland, Australia. The National Park is located near Yungaburra. Its most valued features are its once regionally common, now endangered Mabi forests including a huge strangler fig which attracts up to 100 000 visitors per year, locally known as the Curtain Fig Tree, plus a near threatened, locally endemic tree-kangaroo species i.e. the Lumholtz's tree-kangaroo which finds refuge inside this protected area

Park is located at 720 metres above sea level.

Tree-kangaroo
Tree-kangaroos are marsupials of the genus Dendrolagus, adapted for arboreal locomotion. They inhabit the tropical rainforests of New Guinea and far northeastern  Queensland, Australia along with some of the islands in the region. Most species of tree-kangaroo are considered threatened due to hunting and habitat destruction. They are the only true arboreal macropods.
Juan Carlos Dasque
Juan Carlos Dasque (born 12 October 1952) is an Argentine sport shooter who specializes in double trap and trap.

At the 2008 Olympic Games he finished in joint thirteenth place in the trap qualification, missing a place among the top six, who progressed to the final round.

Shooting at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Men's trap
The men's trap event at the 2008 Summer Olympics took place on August 9 and 10 at the Beijing Shooting Range Clay Target Field. There were 35 competitors from 25 nations, with each nation having up to two shooters. The Czech Republic won its second shooting gold in two days through David Kostelecký, shooting a perfect 25 in the final round and establishing an Olympic record of 146 hits total after a 2005 rule change. It was the Czech Republic's first medal in the men's trap (though two men from what is now the Czech Republic won medals competing for Czechoslovakia). Giovanni Pellielo of Italy repeated as the silver medalist; in addition to his 2000 bronze, this made Pellielo the first (and, as of the 2016 Games, still the only) man to earn at least three medals in the event; he would go on to win a fourth (another silver) in 2016. Defending Olympic champion Aleksei Alipov of Russia took bronze this year, making him the fifth man to earn two medals in the trap.
Substantive law
Substantive law is the set of laws that governs how members of a society are to behave. It is contrasted with procedural law, which is the set of procedures for making, administering, and enforcing substantive law. Substantive law defines rights and responsibilities in civil law, and crimes and punishments in criminal law, substantive equality or substantive due process. It may be codified in statutes or exist through precedent in common law. Substantive laws, which govern outcomes, are contrasted with procedural laws, which govern procedure.

Henry Sumner Maine said of early law, "So great is the ascendency of the Law of Actions in the infancy of Courts of Justice, that substantive law has at first the look of being gradually secreted in the interstices of procedure; and the early lawyer can only see the law through the envelope of its technical forms."

Henry James Sumner Maine
Sir Henry James Sumner Maine, KCSI, FRS (15 August 1822 – 3 February 1888), was a British Whig comparative jurist and historian. He is famous for the thesis outlined in his book Ancient Law that law and society developed "from status to contract." According to the thesis, in the ancient world individuals were tightly bound by status  dealing with(in) a particular group while in the modern one, in which individuals are viewed as autonomous agents, they are free to make contracts and form associations with whomever they choose. Because of this thesis, Maine can be seen as one of the forefathers of modern legal anthropology, legal history and sociology of law.
Luiz Araújo (footballer)
Luiz de Araújo Guimarães Neto (born 2 June 1996), known as Luiz Araújo (Brazilian Portuguese: [luˈiz ɐɾɐˈuʒu]), is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a winger for Campeonato Brasileiro Série A club Flamengo.

Angers SCO
Angers Sporting Club de l'Ouest, commonly referred to as Angers SCO (French pronunciation: [ɑ̃ʒe]), is a French professional football club based in Angers in Pays de la Loire in western France. The club was founded in 1919 and plays in Ligue 1, the first division of Football in France. It plays its home matches at the Stade Raymond Kopa. The club has played 31 seasons in the French top flight.
Rhadinosteus
Rhadinosteus parvus (meaning "long slender bone") is an extinct species of frogs that lived during the Late Jurassic. Fossils of the species were found at the Rainbow Park site in Utah's Dinosaur National Monument, from several slabs of rock which contain multiple partial specimens, from sediments belonging to the Morrison Formation. R. parvus was likely a member of Pipoidea and may have been a member of the family Rhinophrynidae.

Late Jurassic
The Late Jurassic is the third epoch of the Jurassic period, and it spans the geologic time from 161.5 ± 1.0 to 143.1 ± 0.6 million years ago (Ma), which is preserved in Upper Jurassic strata.

In European lithostratigraphy, the name "Malm" indicates rocks of Late Jurassic age. In the past, Malm was also used to indicate the unit of geological time, but this usage is now discouraged to make a clear distinction between lithostratigraphic and geochronologic/chronostratigraphic units.
Werner Daehn
Werner Daehn (born 14 October 1967) is a German actor, who has worked with Vin Diesel and Samuel L. Jackson in XXX, with Jason Priestley in Colditz an ITV1 2005 miniseries, with Bill Pullman in Revelations and with Steven Seagal in Shadow Man. He has also worked in German productions like Stauffenberg - Rebellion of Conscience (also titled Valkeryie on the German DVD) and King of Thieves (nominated in Germany for the Grimme Prize). He appears momentarily in the film The Lives of Others by Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck. He also took part in a British production for the BBC, when in 2011 he played the role of Dr Georg Maurer, the German doctor who treated the Manchester United players who survived the 1958 Munich air disaster. In 2016, he played the role of Josef Von Zimmerman, in Game of Aces. In 2014 he played the role of Timo Lemke in Tatort: Der Maulwurf which was then aired on the Das Erste channel.

Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck
Florian Maria Georg Christian Graf Henckel von Donnersmarck (German: [ˈfloː.ʁi.aːn ˈhɛŋ.kl̩ fɔn ˈdɔ.nɐsˌmaʁk] ⓘ; born 2 May 1973) is a German-Austrian film director. He is best known for writing and directing the 2006 dramatic thriller Das Leben der Anderen (The Lives of Others), which won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film. He also wrote and directed the 2010 romantic thriller The Tourist starring Angelina Jolie and Johnny Depp, and the 2018 epic drama Never Look Away.
Mojo (advertising)
Mojo was an Australian advertising agency formed in Sydney by Alan Morris ("Mo") and Allan Johnston ("Jo") in 1979. Its lineage can today be traced to the Australian offices of Publicis, an Australian subsidiary of the French multinational advertising and communications company holding Publicis Groupe. Those offices traded as Publicis Mojo from the late 1990s until 2016.

Advertising agency
An advertising agency, often referred to as a creative agency or an ad agency, is a business dedicated to creating, planning, and handling advertising and sometimes other forms of promotion and marketing for its clients. An ad agency is generally independent of the client; it may be an internal department or agency that provides an outside point of view to the effort of selling the client's products or services, or an outside firm. An agency can also handle overall marketing and branding strategies and promotions for its clients, which may include sales as well.

Typical ad agency clients include businesses and corporations, non-profit organizations and private agencies. Agencies may be hired to produce television advertisements, radio advertisements, online advertising, out-of-home advertising, mobile marketing, and AR advertising, as part of an advertising campaign.
Cycling at the 1924 Summer Olympics – Men's team time trial
The men's individual time trial event was part of the road cycling programme at the 1924 Summer Olympics.  The results of individual cyclists were summed to give team results, with the worst time for each team being ignored. It was the third appearance of the team time trial; France successfully defended its 1920 championship in the event while Sweden won its third medal.

Fifteen countries fielded four-man teams, out of the total field of 71 cyclists from 22 countries. The course was a 188-kilometre (117 mi) loop beginning and ending at the Stade Olympique Yves-du-Manoir.

Cycling at the 1924 Summer Olympics
The cycling competition at the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris consisted of two road cycling events and four track cycling events, all for men only. The 50 km track event was held for the last time at these Games, having only been introduced in 1920.
Nordland II
Nordland II is the twelfth and final studio album by Swedish extreme metal band Bathory. It is the successor to Nordland I. It was released on 31 March 2003 (just over a year before Quorthon's unexpected death), through Black Mark Production.

It was also released as a limited digipak.

Optical disc packaging
Optical disc packaging is the packaging that accompanies CDs, DVDs, and other formats of optical discs. Most packaging is rigid or semi-rigid and designed to protect the media from scratches and other types of exposure damage.
Aeroflot Flight 101/435
Aeroflot Flight 101/435 was a Soviet domestic passenger flight that was hijacked by its co-pilot, Shamil Alimuradov, on 19 December 1985, en route from Takhtamygda to Chita. Armed with a hatchet, Alimuradov demanded that captain Vyacheslav Abramyan divert the Antonov An-24 aircraft to China. Soviet officials authorized the crew to land in China, and gave Abramyan the radio frequency of Qiqihar Airport, but Alimuradov demanded that Abramayan fly to Hailar instead. The aircraft ran out of fuel, and landed in a cow pasture. Alimuradov was apprehended by the Chinese, and the passengers were allowed to travel to Hailar and Harbin. On 21 December, the crew and all 46 passengers returned safely to the Soviet Union.

Takhtamygda
Takhtamygda (Russian: Тахтамыгда) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Takhtamygdinsky Selsoviet of Skovorodinsky District, Amur Oblast, Russia. The population was 1,498 as of 2018. There are 18 streets.
Zacopride
Zacopride is a potent antagonist at the 5-HT3 receptor and an agonist at the 5-HT4 receptor. It has anxiolytic and nootropic effects in animal models, with the (R)-(+)-enantiomer being the more active form. It also has antiemetic and pro-respiratory effects, both reducing sleep apnea and reversing opioid-induced respiratory depression in animal studies. Early animal trials have also revealed that administration of zacopride can reduce preference for and consumption of ethanol.

Zacopride was found to significantly increase aldosterone levels in human subjects for 180 minutes at a dose of 400 micrograms.  It is thought to do this by stimulating the 5-HT4 receptors on the adrenal glands.  Zacopride also stimulated aldosterone secretion when applied to human adrenal glands in vitro.  No significant changes were observed in renin, ACTH, or cortisol levels.

Zacopride has been tested in clinical trials for the treatment of schizophrenia, but was found unsuccessful.

Hypoventilation
Hypoventilation (also known as respiratory depression) occurs when ventilation is inadequate (hypo meaning "below") to perform needed respiratory gas exchange. By definition it causes an increased concentration of carbon dioxide (hypercapnia) and respiratory acidosis. Hypoventilation is not synonymous with respiratory arrest, in which breathing ceases entirely and death occurs within minutes due to hypoxia and leads rapidly into complete anoxia, although both are medical emergencies. Hypoventilation can be considered a precursor to hypoxia, and its lethality is attributed to hypoxia with carbon dioxide toxicity.
Effects of time zones on North American broadcasting
The scheduling of television programming in North America (namely the United States, Canada, and Mexico) must cope with different time zones. The United States (excluding territories) has six time zones (Hawaii–Aleutian, Alaska, Pacific, Mountain, Central and Eastern). Canada also has six time zones (Pacific, Mountain, Central, Eastern, Atlantic and Newfoundland). Mexico has four time zones (Southeast, Central, Pacific, and Northwest). In addition, each country has further variation across these zones in the observance of daylight saving time. This requires broadcast and pay television networks in each country to shift programs in time to show them in different regions.

KABC-TV
KABC-TV (channel 7) is a television station in Los Angeles, California, United States. It is the West Coast flagship station of the ABC television network, owned and operated through its ABC Owned Television Stations division. KABC-TV maintains studios in the Grand Central Business Centre of Glendale, and its transmitter is located on Mount Wilson.
Manuchihr II of Shirvan
Manuchihr II was the 17th shah of Shirvan. Azerbaijani historian Sara Ashurbeyli associated him with Al-Adud, a son of Fariburz I, who was mentioned by Masud ibn Namdar as an emir of Ganja. He might have started this tenure when Malik Shah removed Fadlun ibn Fadl from power in 1086. According to Dickran Kouymjian, he became shah in 1094.

His existence is only known from inscriptions and numismatic evidence.

Malik-Shah I
Malik-Shah I (Persian: ملک شاه یکم) was the third sultan of the Seljuk Empire from 1072 to 1092, under whom the sultanate reached the zenith of its power and influence.
During his youth, he spent his time participating in the campaigns of his father Alp Arslan, along with the latter's vizier Nizam al-Mulk. During one such campaign in 1072, Alp Arslan was fatally wounded and died only a few days later. After that, Malik-Shah was crowned as the new sultan of the empire, but the succession was contested by his uncle Qavurt. Although Malik-Shah was the nominal head of the Seljuk state, Nizam al-Mulk held near absolute power during his reign. Malik-Shah spent the rest of his reign waging war against the Karakhanids to the east and establishing order in the Caucasus.

The cause of Malik-Shah's death remains under dispute to this day; according to some scholars, he was poisoned by Abbasid caliph al-Muqtadi, while others say that he was poisoned by the supporters of Nizam al-Mulk.
Ezekiel Lol Gatkuoth
Ambassador Ezekiel Lol Gatkuoth (2 December 1973) is a South Sudanese retired diplomat and politician and a former Minister of Petroleum of the Republic of South Sudan, after having been appointed by President Salva Kiir Mayardit on Tuesday 2 August 2016.

Ezekiel was a former Southern Sudan Ambassador, and head of Government of South Sudan Mission in United States of America before South Sudan became the 193rd member of the United Nations General Assembly on 9 July 2011. He had previously served as the Representative of the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement/Army (SPLM/SPLA); South Sudan’s ruling party to the United States of America, Canada and the United Nations.

Politics of South Sudan
The politics of South Sudan concern the system of government in the Republic of South Sudan, a country in East Africa, and the people, organizations, and events involved in it.

As a region, the Republic of South Sudan gained autonomy in 2005 with former rebel leader Dr. John Garang becoming the President of New Sudan and the Vice President of Sudan. Garang's death in 2005 led Salva Kiir Mayardit taking over as President and Riek Machar as the Vice President. Full independence from the Republic of Sudan was gained, following a referendum in 2011.
Women's National Invitation Tournament
The Women's National Invitation Tournament (WNIT) is a women's national college basketball tournament. It used to feature both a preseason and postseason version played every year, but the preseason tournament was last held in 2023. It is operated in a similar fashion to the men's college National Invitation Tournament (NIT) and NIT Season Tip-Off. Unlike the NIT, the women's tournament is not run by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), but is an independent tournament. Triple Crown Sports, a company based in Fort Collins, Colorado that specializes in the promotion of amateur sporting events, created the WNIT in 1994 as a preseason counterpart to the then-current National Women's Invitational Tournament (NWIT). After the NWIT folded in 1996, Triple Crown Sports resurrected the postseason version in 1998 under the NWIT name, but changed the following season to the current name.

NIT Season Tip-Off
The NIT Season Tip-Off (National Invitation Tournament) is an annual college basketball tournament that takes place in November of each year, toward the beginning of the season. The first two rounds are held at campus sites, while the semifinals and the finals are held during the week of Thanksgiving in Brooklyn. The 2020 tournament was to be held at Amway Center in Orlando, Florida, but the COVID-19 pandemic caused the NCAA to cancel it. The tournament, which is a part of the regular season for all participating colleges, began in 1985 as the Preseason NIT, so-called in order to distinguish it from the postseason National Invitation Tournament (NIT). In 2005, the NCAA purchased the preseason and postseason NIT, and renamed the November tournament the NIT Season Tip-Off. The tournament remains one of the most well-known preseason tournaments in NCAA Division I men's basketball, along with the Maui Invitational.