hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Communist Party of South Wales and the West of England
The Communist Party of South Wales and the West of England was a political party in Britain, formed in September 1920. The group was formed by a minority within the South Wales Socialist Society, that did not support merging into the Communist Party of Great Britain.

The group was sympathetic to the Communist Party (British Section of the Third International) of Sylvia Pankhurst, and adopted the programme of its previous group, the Workers Socialist Federation.

The group held a conference in Cardiff in November 1920, during which it declared that communist unity could be achieved only on the basis of "local autonomy in a given local area".

A.J. Cook was a leading member of the group.

Autonomy
In developmental psychology and moral, political,  bioethical philosophy, autonomy is the capacity to make an informed, uncoerced decision. Autonomous organizations or institutions are independent or self-governing. Autonomy can also be defined from a human resources perspective, where it denotes a (relatively high) level of discretion granted to an employee in their work. In such cases, autonomy is known to generally increase job satisfaction. Self-actualized individuals are thought to operate autonomously of external expectations. In a medical context, respect for a patient's personal autonomy is considered one of many fundamental ethical principles in medicine.
Shifra Bronznick
Shifra Bronznick is a feminist activist who focuses largely on Jewish women's rights and organizational life.

Bronznick is the founder of Advancing Women Professionals, a senior fellow at New York University's Wagner School of Public Service and the co-author of Leveling the Playing Field with Marty Linsky and Didi Goldenhar.

Wagner Graduate School of Public Service
The Robert F. Wagner Graduate School of Public Service is the public policy school of New York University in New York City, New York. The school was named after New York City former mayor Robert F. Wagner Jr. in 1989.
Army Apprentices College
The Army Apprentices College was a college system in the United Kingdom that offered military training, education and common core skills, leadership and adventurous training, character development and trade training.

Arborfield Green
Arborfield Green is a new village approximately 1 mile (1.6 km) south east of the village of Arborfield Cross in the English county of Berkshire, previously a British Army garrison called Arborfield Garrison. The army vacated the site in 2015 and it is now being redeveloped for housing, with a total of 3,500 homes planned. The Garrison and its associated housing estates are split between the civil parishes of Arborfield and Newland, Barkham, Finchampstead, and Swallowfield. Both parishes are within the unitary authority of Wokingham. According to the Post Office, the majority of the 2011 Census population was included in the civil parish of Barkham. As of 2023, the new village centre is still under construction.
Ofer Prison
Ofer Prison (Hebrew: כלא עופר, Kele Ofer), formerly officially known as Incarceration Facility 385 (מתקן כליאה 385‎), is an Israeli military incarceration facility in the Israeli-occupied West Bank, between Beitunia and Giv'at Ze'ev. It is one of three prison facilities along with Megiddo and Ktzi'ot, the latter two located in Israel and not in the West Bank. Ofer Prison is run by the Israel Prison Service and like the other two facilities, used to be operated by the Israel Defense Forces' Military Police Corps.

When under IDF control, it was capable of holding up to 800 prisoners, both tried and those under administrative detention.

NGOs have stated that the imprisonment of children is one of the human rights abuses taking place in Ofer Prison.

Ktzi'ot Prison
Ktzi'ot Prison (Hebrew: בית הסוהר קציעות, romanized: Bet HaSohar Ketziot, Arabic: سجن كتسيعوت, romanized: Sijn Katsīʿōt) is an Israeli detention facility located in the Negev desert 72 kilometres (45 mi) southwest of Beersheba. It is Israel's largest detention facility in terms of land area, encompassing 400,000 m2 (40 hectares; 99 acres).

During the First Intifada, Ktzi'ot was the location of the largest detention camp run by the Israeli army. It held three-quarters of all Palestinians held by the army, and over half of all Palestinians detained in Israel. According to Human Rights Watch, in 1990 it held approximately one out of every 50 West Bank and Gazan males older than 16. Amongst Palestinians it was known as Ansar III (Arabic: أنصار3) after a similar prison camp set up in South Lebanon by Israel during the South Lebanon conflict (1982–2000). Ktzi'ot camp was opened in March 1988 and closed in 1995. It was re-opened in 2002 during the Second Intifada.
Nachman Fahrner
Nachman Fahrner (Hebrew: נחמן פהרנר; born September 21, 1972) is a contemporary religious Jewish musician in Israel. He is a convert to Judaism. Fahrner's main influences are Elvis Presley, Django Reinhardt, 1940s and 1950s blues, R&B, and rockabilly. He received encouragement from Luther Allison and was a long-time friend of French jazz guitarist Patrick Saussois. Both his musical styles and songwriting distinguish him from other religious musicians who often combine traditional Jewish music with folk/rock elements and choose their lyrics from verses from the Torah.

Luther Allison
Luther Sylvester Allison (August 17, 1939 – August 12, 1997) was an American blues singer-songwriter and guitarist. He was born in Widener, Arkansas, although some accounts suggest his actual place of birth was Mayflower, Arkansas. Allison was interested in music as a child and during the late 1940s he toured in a family gospel group called The Southern Travellers. He moved with his family to Chicago in 1951 and attended Farragut High School where he was classmates with Muddy Waters' son. He taught himself guitar and began listening to blues extensively. Three years later he dropped out of school and began hanging around outside blues nightclubs with the hopes of being invited to perform. Allison played with the bands of Howlin' Wolf and Freddie King, taking over King's band when King toured nationally. He worked with Jimmy Dawkins, Magic Sam and Otis Rush, and also backed James Cotton. Chicago Reader has called him "the Jimi Hendrix of blues guitar".
Rihe
Rihe is a village in Mulshi taluka of Pune District in the state of Maharashtra, India.Talukas surrounding the village are Karjat taluka, Talegaon Dabhade Taluka, Mawal taluka and by Khalapur taluka. Districts closest to the village are Raigad district, Thane district, Mumbai City district and Mumbai Suburban district. Nearest railway stations around the village are  Vadgaon railway station, Begdewadi railway station, Lonavala railway station, Talegaon railway station and Kamshet railway station.

Vadgaon railway station
Vadgaon Station is a railway station of Pune Suburban Railway on the Mumbai–Chennai line.

Local trains between Pune Junction–Lonavala and Shivaji Nagar–Lonavala stop here.

The few passenger trains to stop on this station are-

Pune–Karjat Passenger.

Mumbai–Sainagar Shirdi Fast Passenger.

Mumbai–Bijapur Fast Passenger. Station has two platforms and a foot overbridge.
James McBride (pioneer)
James McBride (1788–1859) was a prominent pioneer statesman in Butler County, Ohio. He was Hamilton's first Mayor, and a prominent State Representative associated with the canals, archaeologist who supplied a considerable number of sketches of earthworks for early texts on the Mississippi Valley, Ohio's leading pioneer author and antiquarian, Miami University Secretary and President of the Board of Trustees, Butler County's fifth Sheriff, a surveyor, and an officer of other various entities. James McBride married the daughter of Judge Lytle, of the Lytle family of the Ohio River Valley, and was through her kinsman with Sen. Homer T. Bone, and Governor of Ohio Andrew L. Harris. McBride's son in law was Roger N. Stembel, a commander of the Pacific Fleet.

McBride became an ardent convert to John C. Symmes' Hollow Earth theory, and wrote a book in support of it in 1826.

Hamilton, Ohio
Hamilton is a city in Butler County, Ohio, United States, and its county seat. It is 20 miles (32 km) north of Cincinnati along the Great Miami River. The population was 63,399 at the 2020 census, making Hamilton the second-most populous city in the Cincinnati metropolitan area and the tenth-most populous city in Ohio. Most of the city is served by the Hamilton City School District.
OssaTron
The OssaTron is a high energy shock wave system that provides a non-surgical alternative for patients diagnosed with chronic proximal plantar fasciopathy (severe heel pain), usually referred to as fasciitis. Using a unique process known as Orthotripsy, the OssaTron emits shock waves, similar to those used to treat kidney stones, in an attempt to increase blood flow and stimulate healing of the affected heel.

Fascia
A fascia (/ˈfæʃ(i)ə/; pl.: fasciae /ˈfæʃii/ or fascias; adjective fascial; from Latin  fascia 'band') is a generic term for macroscopic membranous bodily structures.: 42  Fasciae are classified as superficial, visceral or deep, and further designated according to their anatomical location.

The knowledge of fascial structures is essential in surgery, as they create borders for infectious processes (for example Psoas abscess) and haematoma. An increase in pressure may result in a compartment syndrome, where a prompt fasciotomy may be necessary. For this reason, profound descriptions of fascial structures are available in anatomical literature from the 19th century.
Triakis icosahedron
In geometry, the triakis icosahedron is an Archimedean dual solid, or a Catalan solid, with 60 isosceles triangle faces. Its dual is the truncated dodecahedron. It has also been called the kisicosahedron. It was first depicted, in a non-convex form with equilateral triangle faces, by Leonardo da Vinci in Luca Pacioli's Divina proportione, where it was named the icosahedron elevatum. The capsid of the Hepatitis A virus has the shape of a triakis icosahedron.

Divina proportione
Divina proportione (15th century Italian for Divine proportion), later also called De divina proportione (converting the Italian title into a Latin one) is a book on mathematics written by Luca Pacioli and illustrated by Leonardo da Vinci, completed by February 9th, 1498 in Milan and first printed in 1509. Its subject was mathematical proportions (the title refers to the golden ratio) and their applications to geometry, to visual art through perspective, and to architecture. The clarity of the written material and Leonardo's excellent diagrams helped the book to achieve an impact beyond mathematical circles, popularizing contemporary geometric concepts and images.

Some of its content was plagiarised from an earlier book by Piero della Francesca, De quinque corporibus regularibus.
HERO Hosted PBX
HERO Hosted PBX is a SIP-based hosted IP-PBX business phone system, first released in 2008 by Canadian telecommunications software provider Dialexia. The HERO (Hosted Enterprise Remote Office) software allows users to connect multiple phones (e.g., extensions, ring groups, etc.), share lines among several phones and implement business PBX telephone phone features such as voicemail, caller ID, call forwarding & call recording into their virtual PBX. The software is also suitable for multi-office connections, connecting branches which are geographically distant from each other. Dialexia Communications, Inc. released the latest version of HERO Hosted PBX (4.3) in 2013.

On June 3, 2014, the Dialexia development team announced in a client newsletter that support for HERO versions 3.9 and earlier would cease effective September 1, 2014. The company advised customers to migrate to a currently-supported operating system in order to receive future security updates & technical support.

Voicemail
A voicemail system (also known as voice message or voice bank) is a computer-based system that allows callers to leave a recorded message when the recipient has been unable (or unwilling) to answer the phone. Calls may be directed to voicemail manually or automatically. The caller is prompted to leave a message that the recipient can retrieve at a later time.

Voicemail can be used for personal calls, but more complex systems exist for companies and services to handle the volume of customer requests. The term is also used more broadly to denote any system of conveying stored telecommunications voice messages, including using older technology like answering machines.
Sal Rota
Sal Rota is an American musician, keyboard player, singer and songwriter. He was born in Philadelphia. He was a member of R&B group The Crystal Mansion, along with David White. In his 15 years of performing keyboards, organ and vocals with the Crystal Mansion, Sal recorded 2 albums and opened for acts such as Sly and the Family Stone, Rare Earth, Steppenwolf, and Mahavishnu Orchestra, among many others. Beginning in 1979, he was also a member of The Soul Survivors, known for their hit "Expressway to Your Heart", and then worked at The Springfield Inn with The Rage Band for 12 years.

Sal provided backup vocals on an album by Bernadette Peters.

Expressway to Your Heart
"Expressway to Your Heart" is a song written by Kenny Gamble and Leon Huff and performed by the Soul Survivors.  It appeared on their 1967 album, When the Whistle Blows Anything Goes, which was produced by Gamble and Huff.

The song reached No. 3 on the R&B chart and No. 4 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1967,  and was ranked No. 18 on Billboard magazine's Top Hot 100 songs of 1967.
Terai Army
The Terai (Tarai) Army is a relatively unknown militant group that demands greater rights for Nepal's Teraibasi people minorities primarily based in the southern plains.  Demands may include autonomy.  Authorities have blamed the group for murder, bombings and abductions.  The Tarai Army has claimed responsibility for bombings in Kathmandu during September 2007 that killed three as well as a bombing in the southern Rautahat district in June 2008 that killed two.

The group was one among many that refused to participate in the 2008 election that brought former Maoist rebels to power and facilitated the end of the Nepalese monarchy.

Kaushal Sahani alias Mr. John, the chief of underground armed outfit Terai Army, was killed on 30 August 2008.  Sahani and his bodyguard were shot dead by police in Raghunathpur area of Rautahat district. Sahani has been accused of masterminding several explosions in the capital and elsewhere in the country in the past.

Autonomy
In developmental psychology and moral, political,  bioethical philosophy, autonomy is the capacity to make an informed, uncoerced decision. Autonomous organizations or institutions are independent or self-governing. Autonomy can also be defined from a human resources perspective, where it denotes a (relatively high) level of discretion granted to an employee in their work. In such cases, autonomy is known to generally increase job satisfaction. Self-actualized individuals are thought to operate autonomously of external expectations. In a medical context, respect for a patient's personal autonomy is considered one of many fundamental ethical principles in medicine.
Łukasz Kadziewicz
Łukasz Kadziewicz (born 20 September 1980) is a Polish former professional volleyball player, a member of the Poland national team in 2001–2009. A participant of the Olympic Games (Athens 2004, Beijing 2008), and a silver medalist at the 2006 World Championship. He worked as a volleyball commentator for Polsat Sport.

2006 FIVB Men's Volleyball World Championship
The 2006 FIVB Men's Volleyball World Championship was held in Japan from 17 November to 3 December 2006. Like the previous edition, 24 teams participated in the tournament. Brazil won the Tournament (retaining their championship title), defeating Poland 3:0 in the final match. Bulgaria placed 3rd, defeating Serbia and Montenegro 3:1 in the 3rd place match. The Polish team dedicated this achievement to the deceased Polish volleyball player Arkadiusz Gołaś. The team honored him at the award ceremony, when they wore T-shirts with the number 16 and the words "Golas".
Steve McCormack
Steve McCormack is a rugby league coach. He was head coach of Scotland until 2017 and was the longest reigning coach in the nation's history having held the role since 2004. He has also had an extensive club coaching career, having coached Salford City Reds in the Super League and Whitehaven Warriors, Widnes Vikings, Barrow Raiders Swinton Lions and Gloucestershire All Golds in the Rugby League Championships.

Oldham R.L.F.C.
Oldham Rugby League Football Club is a professional rugby league football club based in Oldham, Greater Manchester, England. The club plays home games at Bower Fold in Stalybridge, and compete in the Championship, the second tier of British rugby league.

Oldham have won the League Championship four times, Challenge Cup three times and the Second Division three times.

The clubs traditional home kits are red and white hooped jerseys, navy blue shorts and red socks. They share a local rivalry with Rochdale Hornets, Salford Red Devils and Swinton Lions and cross county rivalries with nearby Huddersfield Giants and Halifax.
Saud al-Kabir
Saud al-Kabir (meaning "Saud the Elder" or "Saud the Great") is a title used in Saudi history to refer to:

Saud bin Abdul-Aziz bin Muhammad bin Saud (died 1814), the third imam of the First Saudi State

Saud Al Kabeer bin Abdulaziz bin Saud bin Faisal Al Saud (19th century), a first cousin of Saudi Arabia's founder whose descendants form the Saud al-Kabir branch of the House of Saud

Turki bin Saud al-Kabir (died 2016), a Saudi prince executed for murder

Saud Al Kabeer bin Abdulaziz Al Saud
Saud Al Kabeer bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (Arabic: سعود الكبير بن عبدالعزيز آل سعود Suʿūd Al Kabīr ibn ʿAbdulʿazīz Āl Suʿūd; 1882–1959) was a grandson of Saud bin Faisal bin Turki and a distant nephew and important supporter of King Abdulaziz, founder of Saudi Arabia. Prince Saud was one of the most known Najdi people. Through his marriages he was the brother-in-law, and later a son-in-law, of King Abdulaziz. Saud was married for 45 years to King Abdulaziz's eldest sister Noura bint Abdul Rahman, and after her death in 1950 he married the King's daughter Princess Hessa.
Project Makeover
Project Makeover (Korean: 언니가 간다; RR: Eonniga ganda; also known as Operation Makeover or Go Go Sister) is a 2007 South Korean film. In an online poll conducted by web portal Daum, Korean netizens named Project Makeover as the worst film of 2007.

Netizen
The term netizen is a portmanteau of the English words internet and citizen, as in a "citizen of the net" or "net citizen." It describes a person actively involved in online communities or the Internet in general.

The term also commonly implies an interest and active engagement in improving the internet, making it an intellectual and a social resource, or its surrounding political structures, especially in regard to open access, net neutrality and free speech. The term was widely adopted in the mid-1990s as a way to describe those who inhabit the new geography of the internet. Internet pioneer and author Michael F. Hauben is credited with coining and popularizing the term.
Sarhan Guliev
Sarhan Guliev (Azerbaijani: Sərxan Quliyev; born 1 April 1968) is an Azerbaijani chess player who holds the title of Grandmaster (GM). He earned the International Master (IM) title in 1993 and the Grandmaster title in 1995. He was a member of the Azerbaijan Chess Olympiad team in 1994 and 1998.

Chess Olympiad
The Chess Olympiad is a biennial chess tournament in which teams representing nations of the world compete. FIDE organises the tournament and selects the host nation. Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, FIDE held an Online Chess Olympiad in 2020 and 2021, with a rapid time control that affected players' online ratings.
CD Pontejos
Club Deportivo Pontejos is a football team based in Pontejos, Marina de Cudeyo in the autonomous community of Cantabria. Founded in 1962, the team plays in Segunda Regional – Group B. The club's home ground is Nuevo San Lázaro, which has a capacity of 800 spectators.

And this year, 2024, they return to the second regional division to try to move up and get back to where they were. With new players.

Divisiones Regionales de Fútbol in Cantabria
The Divisiones Regionales de Fútbol in the Cantabria, are organized by the Cantabrian Football Federation:

Regional Preferente (Level 6 of the Spanish football pyramid)

Primera Regional (Level 7)

Segunda Regional (Level 8)
Diphosphorus
Diphosphorus is an inorganic chemical with the chemical formula P2. Unlike nitrogen, its lighter pnictogen neighbor which forms a stable N2 molecule with a nitrogen to nitrogen triple bond, phosphorus prefers a tetrahedral form P4 because P-P pi-bonds are high in energy. Diphosphorus is, therefore, very reactive with a bond-dissociation energy (117 kcal/mol or 490 kJ/mol) half that of dinitrogen. The bond distance has been measured at 1.8934 Å.

Joule
The joule (/dʒuːl/ JOOL, or /dʒaʊl/ JOWL; symbol: J) is the unit of energy in the International System of Units (SI). In terms of SI base units, one joule corresponds to one kilogram-metre squared per second squared (1 J = 1 kg⋅m2⋅s−2). One joule is equal to the amount of work done when a force of one newton displaces a body through a distance of one metre in the direction of that force. It is also the energy dissipated as heat when an electric current of one ampere passes through a resistance of one ohm for one second. It is named after the English physicist James Prescott Joule (1818–1889).
Ndugumbi
Ndugumbi (Kata ya Ndugumbi in Swahili)  is an administrative ward and district capital of the Kinondoni District of the Dar es Salaam Region in Tanzania. Tandale and Makumbusho ward border the ward to the north, Mzimuni to the east, Makurumla to the south and Manzese on the west. The last two being located in Ubungo District. In 2016 the Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics report there were 46,134 people in the ward, from 36,841 in 2012.

National Bureau of Statistics (Tanzania)
The National Bureau of Statistics is a branch of the Government of Tanzania which has the mandate to provide official statistics to the Government of Tanzania, business community and the public at large. It is based in Dodoma and obtains a wide range of economic, social and demographic statistics about the country. The bureau compiled data on every village in Tanzania for the censuses of 2002, 2012 and 2022, but also provides the results of the previous censuses of 1967, 1978 and 1988.
Kazakh semi-desert
The Kazakh semi-desert is an ecoregion in the deserts and xeric shrublands biome, located in Kazakhstan. The climate is semi-arid and continental, with a total annual precipitation of 160 millimetres (6.3 in), and mean temperatures in January averaging −15 °C (5 °F) and in July 23 °C (73 °F). It is a transitional area between the steppes and the deserts of Central Asia and supports flora found in both biomes, predominantly grasses, particularly Stipa species, and shrubs such as Artemisia species. A number of mammals and birds are found in this ecoregion but the habitat is threatened by overgrazing and fragmentation from human encroachment. However, a recent reduction in livestock numbers in Kazakhstan is allowing the native plants a greater opportunity to regenerate.

Habitat fragmentation
Habitat fragmentation describes the emergence of discontinuities (fragmentation) in an organism's preferred environment (habitat), causing population fragmentation and  ecosystem decay. Causes of habitat fragmentation include geological processes that slowly alter the layout of the physical environment (suspected of being one of the major causes of speciation), and human activity such as land conversion, which can alter the environment much faster and causes the population fluctuation of many species. More specifically, habitat fragmentation is a process by which large and contiguous habitats get divided into smaller, isolated patches of habitats.