hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Baron Howick of Glendale
Baron Howick of Glendale, of Howick in the County of Northumberland, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1960 for Sir Evelyn Baring, the former Governor of Kenya. A member of the famous Baring family, he was the third and youngest son of Evelyn Baring, 1st Earl of Cromer, and the great-grandson of Sir Francis Baring, 1st Baronet, the founder of Barings Bank. Baring's uncle was Edward Baring, 1st Baron Revelstoke, the father of Maurice Baring, while other members of the family include Francis Baring, 1st Baron Northbrook, and Alexander Baring, 1st Baron Ashburton. As of 2014 the title is held by the first Baron's son, the second Baron, who succeeded in 1973.

The family seat is Howick Hall, near Howick, Northumberland.

Evelyn Baring, 1st Earl of Cromer
Evelyn Baring, 1st Earl of Cromer, GCB, OM, GCMG, KCSI, CIE, PC, FRS (/ˈkroʊmər/; 26 February 1841 – 29 January 1917) was a British statesman, diplomat and colonial administrator. He served as the British controller-general in Egypt during 1879, part of the international control which oversaw Egyptian finances after the Egyptian bankruptcy of 1876. He later became the agent and consul-general in Egypt from 1883 to 1907 during the British occupation, prompted by the Urabi revolt. This position gave Baring de facto control over Egyptian finances and governance.

Baring's programmes led to limited economic development in Egypt in certain areas, but deepened its dependence on cash crops, as well as regressing some of its social developments (such as the state school system).
John Wick (comics)
John Wick is an American neo-noir comic book limited series written by Greg Pak and drawn by Giovanni Valletta (issues 1–2) and Matt Gaudio (issues 3–5). Published by Dynamite Entertainment, the series is a prequel to the neo-noir action thriller media franchise of the same name created by Derek Kolstad and starring Keanu Reeves as John Wick, with the comic book using Reeves' likeness for the character. The series chronicles a young John Wick after his release from prison and his first vendetta. The series, originally published between November 2017 and February 2019, was published as a graphic novel, John Wick: The Book of Rules, in June 16, 2020.

Neo-noir
Neo-noir is a film genre from the 1970s, in the era of New Hollywood, which is primarily associated with the subversion and visual style of classic film noir tropes, adapting the themes of 1940s and 1950s American film noir for contemporary audiences, often with vibrant colors and high-contrast, more graphic depictions of violence or sexuality, thematic motifs, and nonlinear narrative or editing.

During the 1970s and the mid 1980s, the term "neo-noir" surged in popularity, fueled by movies such as Roman Polanski’s Chinatown (1974), Martin Scorsese's Taxi Driver (1976), Sydney Pollack's Absence of Malice (1981), Ridley Scott’s Blade Runner (1982), Paul Verhoeven's The Fourth Man (1983 film) and David Lynch’s Blue Velvet (1986). The French term film noir translates literally to English as "black film", indicating sinister stories often presented in a shadowy cinematographic style. Neo-noir has a similar style but with updated themes, content, style, and visual elements.
Mesomeric effect
In chemistry, the mesomeric effect (or resonance effect) is a property of substituents or functional groups in a chemical compound. It is defined as the polarity produced in the molecule by the interaction of two pi bonds or between a pi bond and lone pair of electrons present on an adjacent atom. This change in electron arrangement results in the formation of resonance structures that hybridize into the molecule's true structure. The pi electrons then move away from or toward a particular substituent group. The mesomeric effect is stronger in compounds with a lower ionization potential. This is because the electron transfer states will have lower energies.

Amide
In organic chemistry, an amide, also known as an organic amide or a carboxamide, is a compound with the general formula R−C(=O)−NR′R″, where R, R', and R″ represent any group, typically organyl groups or hydrogen atoms. The amide group is called a peptide bond when it is part of the main chain of a protein, and an isopeptide bond when it occurs in a side chain, as in asparagine and glutamine. It can be viewed as a derivative of a carboxylic acid (R−C(=O)−OH) with the hydroxyl group (−OH) replaced by an amino group (−NR′R″); or, equivalently, an acyl (alkanoyl) group (R−C(=O)−) joined to an amino group.

Common amides are formamide (H−C(=O)−NH2), acetamide (H3C−C(=O)−NH2), benzamide (C6H5−C(=O)−NH2), and dimethylformamide (H−C(=O)−N(−CH3)2).

Amides are qualified as primary, secondary, and tertiary according to the number of acyl groups bounded to the nitrogen atom.
Flampouro, Florina
Flampouro (Greek: Φλάμπουρο, before 1928: Νεγοβάνη – Negovani; Albanian: Negovan; Aromanian: Niguvanlji) is a village in the central part of Florina regional unit, northern Greece, part of the Perasma municipal unit.

Macedonian Struggle
The Macedonian Struggle was a series of social, political, cultural and military conflicts that were mainly fought between Greek and Bulgarian subjects who lived in Ottoman Macedonia between 1893 and 1912. From 1904 to 1908 the conflict was part of a wider guerrilla war in which revolutionary organizations of Greeks, Bulgarians and Serbs all fought over Macedonia and its Christian population. Particularly over the national affiliation of the Slavic population which was forced to declare themselves for either of the sides. Gradually the Greek and Bulgarian bands gained the upper hand. Though the conflict largely ceased by the Young Turk Revolution, it continued as a low intensity insurgency until the Balkan Wars.
Olimi I of Tooro
Rukirabasaija Kaboyo Omuhundwa Kasusunkwanzi Olimi I was the founder and first Omukama (King) of the Tooro Kingdom one of the traditional monarcies in what is now Western Uganda from around 1830 until around 1861.

Bunyoro
Bunyoro, also called Bunyoro-Kitara, is a traditional Bantu kingdom in Western Uganda. It was one of the most powerful kingdoms in Central and East Africa from the 16th century to the 19th century. It is ruled by the King (Omukama) of Bunyoro-Kitara. The current ruler is Solomon Iguru I, the 27th Omukama.
P-1075
P-1075 is an ATP-sensitive potassium channel opener which was under development for the treatment of androgenic alopecia (pattern hair loss), arrhythmias, and ischemic heart disorders but was never marketed. It has been found to stimulate cultured hair follicles and to promote hair growth in balding stump-tailed macaques. The drug was being developed by AstraZeneca and LEO Pharma. It reached phase 2 clinical trials for alopecia and the preclinical research stage of development for arrhythmia and ischemic heart disorders prior to the discontinuation of its development by 2000. In terms of chemical structure, P-1075 is a guanidine derivative and a more potent analogue of pinacidil.

Pinacidil
Pinacidil is a cyanoguanidine drug that opens ATP-sensitive potassium channels producing peripheral vasodilatation of arterioles. It reduces blood pressure and peripheral resistance and produces fluid retention.

Pinacidil has been associated with development of hypertrichosis in 2 to 13% of patients.
Ad-Dunya al-Musawwara
The Arabic language magazine ad-Dunya al-Musawwara (Arabic: الدنيا المصوّرة; DMG: ad-Dunyā 'l-Muṣawwara; English: "The World of Illustration") was published between 1929 and 1932 in Cairo, Egypt. It was released by the well-known publishing house Dar al-Hilal that was also responsible for the publications of al-Fukaha, Kull Shayʾ and Al Musawwar. The magazine consisted of seven volumes with a total of 228 issues which were published weekly.

The magazine did not only focus on Egyptian and international events, but also illustrations pursuing a cultural focus. A considerable number of cartoons, photographs and high-quality illustrations increased the readership vastly, even among illiterates. In the course of this novel phase regarding the Egyptian media landscape, al-Dunya al-Musawwara seized on new topics, such as fashion, sports, culture, and tourism, and offered a great commercial platform to popular products of that time.

Illustration
An illustration is a decoration, interpretation, or visual explanation of a text, concept, or process, designed for integration in print and digitally published media, such as posters, flyers, magazines, books, teaching materials, animations, video games and films. An illustration is typically created by an illustrator. Digital illustrations are often used to make websites and apps more user-friendly, such as the use of emojis to accompany digital type. Illustration also means providing an example; either in writing or in picture form.

The origin of the word "illustration" is late Middle English (in the sense ‘illumination; spiritual or intellectual enlightenment’): via Old French from Latin illustratio(n-), from the verb illustrare.
Vegetarianism and religion
The practice of vegetarianism is strongly linked with a number of religious traditions worldwide. These include religions that originated in India, such as Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism and Sikhism, and religions influenced by Indian religions, such as Taoism. With close to 85% of India's billion-plus population practicing these religions, India remains the country with the highest number of vegetarians in the world.

In Jainism vegetarianism is mandatory for everyone; in Hinduism and Mahayana Buddhism it is promoted by scriptures and religious authorities but not mandatory. In the Abrahamic religions (Judaism, Christianity and Islam) and the Bahá'í Faith, vegetarianism is less commonly viewed as a religious obligation, although in all these faiths there are groups actively promoting vegetarianism on religious and humanitarian grounds, and many other faiths hold vegetarian and vegan idea among their tenets.

Jhatka
Jhatka (Punjabi: ਝਟਕਾ, romanized: jhaṭkā pronounced [t͡ɕʌ˩˥ʈ.kaː]) is a method of slaughtering an animal for meat by a single strike of a sword or axe to sever its head within the Sikh religion. This kills the animal almost instantly. This type of slaughter is preferred by most meat-consuming Sikhs.
Michalis Pelekanos
Michalis Pelekanos (alternate spelling: Mihalis, Greek: Μιχάλης Πελεκάνος; born May 25, 1981) is a Greek professional basketball player. During his pro club career, at a height of 199 cm (6 ft 6+1⁄2 in) tall, Pelekanos played primarily at the small forward position. However, he also played as a shooting guard in the early part of his career, and as a power forward, in the latter part of his career. During his playing career, Pelekanos was mostly known for his spectacular athletic ability and defensive prowess.

With the Greek club Olympiacos Piraeus, Pelekanos won the EuroLeague championship at the 2012 EuroLeague Final Four. Pelekanos also represented the senior Greek national team at the 2008 Beijing Summer Olympics.

Maroussi B.C.
Maroussi B.C. (Greek: K.A.E. Μαρούσι) alternately translated as Marousi, Amaroussio, or Amaroussion, is a professional basketball club that is based in Maroussi, a northern suburb of Athens, Greece. The club's full name is Gymnastikos Syllogos Maroussi Basketball Club, which is commonly abbreviated as G.S. Maroussi B.C.. The club currently competes in the top-tier Greek Basketball League (GBL).
Les Plaideurs
Les Plaideurs, or The Litigants, written in 1668 and published in 1669, is a comedy in three acts with respectively eight, fourteen, and four scenes, in alexandrine verse by Jean Racine. It is the only comedy he wrote. It was inspired by The Wasps by Aristophanes, but Racine removed all political significance. His play, which he wrote after Andromaque and before Britannicus, was a farce that, surrounded in his work by tragedies, was unexpected.

Les Plaideurs was first performed late in 1668 at the Hôtel de Bourgogne in Paris.

Andromaque
Andromaque is a tragedy in five acts by the French playwright Jean Racine written in alexandrine verse. It was first performed on 17 November 1667 before the court of Louis XIV in the Louvre in the private chambers of the Queen, Marie Thérèse, by the royal company of actors, called "les Grands Comédiens", with Thérèse Du Parc in the title role. The company gave the first public performance two days later in the Hôtel de Bourgogne in Paris. Andromaque, the third of Racine's plays, written at the age of 27, established its author's reputation as one of the great playwrights in France.
Babiana papyracea
Babiana papyracea is a species of geophytic, perennial flowering plant in the family Iridaceae. The species is endemic to the Northern Cape, occurring at Nieuwoudtville and forming part of the renosterveld. Since 1940, the species has lost 95% of its habitat to wheat production. The two remaining subpopulations are threatened by invasive species.

Renosterveld
Renosterveld is a term used for one of the major plant communities and vegetation types of the Cape Floristic Region (Cape Floral Kingdom) which is located in southwestern and southeastern South Africa, in southernmost Africa. It is an ecoregion of the Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub biome.
Firming agent
Firming agents are food additives added in order to precipitate residual pectin, thus strengthening the structure of the food and preventing its collapse during processing.

These are salts, typically lactates or phosphates, calcium salts or aluminum sulfates.

They are mainly used for (fresh) fruit and vegetables. For example, in the case of fruit sold cut into wedges, the pulp can be sprayed with a solution of the respective salt. They are salts that react with an ingredient in the product, such as the pectin in the fruit.

Typical firming agents are:

Calcium carbonate (E170)

Calcium hydrogen sulfite (E227)

Calcium citrates (E333)

Calcium phosphates (E341)

Calcium sulfate (E516)

Calcium chloride (E509)

Magnesium chloride (E511)

Magnesium sulfate (E518)

Calcium gluconate (E578)

Magnesium gluconate (E580)

Magnesium chloride
Magnesium chloride is an inorganic compound with the formula MgCl2. It forms hydrates MgCl2·nH2O, where n can range from 1 to 12. These salts are colorless or white solids that are highly soluble in water. These compounds and their solutions, both of which occur in nature, have a variety of practical uses. Anhydrous magnesium chloride is the principal precursor to magnesium metal, which is produced on a large scale. Hydrated magnesium chloride is the form most readily available.
Shirlington, Virginia
Shirlington is an unincorporated urban area, officially called an "urban village", in the southern part of Arlington County, Virginia, United States, adjacent to the Fairlington area.  The word "Shirlington" is a combination of "Shirley" (from the Shirley Highway or Interstate 395) and "Arlington".

Shirlington is billed as "Arlington’s Arts and Entertainment District" and is a largely mixed-use development based on New Urbanist principles.  It is mostly middle-class residential, but like most of Arlington County has been experiencing an economic renaissance and is now home to many upscale dwellings and retail and service establishments that also serve the nearby Fairlington, Parkfairfax, Green Valley, and Long Branch Creek areas.

Signature Theatre (Arlington, Virginia)
Signature Theatre is a Tony Award-winning regional theater company based in Arlington, Virginia.

Cameron Mackintosh, Terrence McNally, James Lapine, John Kander, and Fred Ebb are among those that have presented works here. Since 1991, Signature has had a long relationship with Stephen Sondheim, having staged more than 30 productions of his musicals, revues and concerts—more than any other professional theater in the country.
Krnješevci
Krnješevci (Serbian Cyrillic: Крњешевци) is a village in Serbia. It is situated in the Stara Pazova municipality, in the Srem District, Vojvodina province. The village has a Serb ethnic majority and its population numbering 1,025 people (2002 census).

Stara Pazova
Stara Pazova (Serbian Cyrillic: Стара Пазова, pronounced [stâːraː pâzɔv̞a]; Slovak: Stará Pazova; Hungarian: Ópazova) is a small town located in the Srem District of the autonomous province of Vojvodina, Serbia. The town has a population of 18,522, while Stara Pazova municipality has 62,318 inhabitants (2022 census). The entrance into town from Inđija lies on 45th parallel north, it is half-way between the North Pole and the equator.
Anniversary Bluff
Anniversary Bluff (78°33′S 164°15′E﻿ / ﻿78.550°S 164.250°E﻿ / -78.550; 164.250) is a rock cliff 1.5 nautical miles (3 km) west of the Birthday Bluffs on the south side of Mason Spur, Hillary Coast, Ross Dependency. The bluff rises to about 1,300 metres (4,300 ft). The name was suggested by geologist Anne C. Wright, Department of Geoscience, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, whose field party visited the bluff on November 29, 1983, her parents' wedding anniversary.

Hillary Coast
The Hillary Coast is a portion of the coast of Antarctica along the western margin of the Ross Ice Shelf between Minna Bluff and Cape Selborne. It was named by the New Zealand Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1961 for Sir Edmund Hillary, the leader of the New Zealand Party of the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition, 1956–58. Various New Zealand parties carried out detailed surveys of portions of this coast and pioneered routes up Skelton Glacier and Darwin Glacier to the polar plateau.
Exhibition shooting
Exhibition shooting or trick shooting is a sport in which a marksman performs various feats of skill, frequently using non-traditional targets.  Exhibition shooting tends to stress both speed and accuracy, often with elements of danger added.

Semi-automatic rifle
A semi-automatic rifle is a type of self-loading rifle that fires a single round each time the trigger is pulled while automatically loading the next cartridge. Such rifles were developed before World War II and were widely used throughout that war. Rifles are firearms designed to be fired while held with both hands and braced against the shooter's shoulder for stability. Externally similar shotguns can fire multiple pellets simultaneously through a smoothbore, while rifle barrels are rifled to spin-stabilize individual bullets. The actions of semi-automatic rifles use a portion of the fired cartridge's energy to eject the spent casing and load a new round into the chamber, readying the rifle to be fired again. This design differs from manually operated rifles such as bolt-action and lever-action rifles, which need to chamber a cartridge manually before firing again, and automatic rifles, which continue firing as long as the trigger remains depressed.
Rev (company)
Rev is an American speech-to-text company that provides closed captioning, subtitles, and transcription services. The company, based in San Francisco and Austin, was founded in 2010. PC Magazine named the service an "Editor's Choice" in 2018, and ranked it as the best transcription service of 2019.

Transcription (service)
A transcription service is a business service that converts speech (either live or recorded) into a written or electronic text document. Transcription services are often provided for business, academic, legal, or medical purposes. The most common type of transcription is from a spoken-language source into text. Common examples are the proceedings of a court hearing such as a criminal trial (by a court reporter) or a physician's recorded voice notes (medical transcription).

Some transcription businesses can send staff to events, speeches, or seminars, who then convert the spoken content into text. Some companies also accept recorded speech, either on cassette, CD, VHS, or as sound files. For a transcription service, various individuals and organizations have different rates and methods of pricing. Transcription companies primarily serve private law firms, local, state, and federal government agencies and courts, trade associations, meeting planners, and nonprofits.
1997 German Grand Prix
The 1997 German Grand Prix (formally the LIX Grosser Mobil 1 Preis von Deutschland) was a Formula One motor race held at Hockenheim, Baden-Württemberg, Germany on 27 July 1997. It was the tenth race of the 1997 Formula One World Championship.

The 45-lap race was won by Austrian Gerhard Berger, driving a Benetton-Renault. Having missed the previous three races due to a sinus problem, Berger took pole position and led the race from start to finish, except for the pit stops. It was Berger's tenth and final Grand Prix victory, the 27th and last for the Benetton team, and his final podium in Formula One. It was also the last victory for an Austrian driver, as of 2025. Local driver Michael Schumacher finished second in a Ferrari, with Finn Mika Häkkinen third in a McLaren-Mercedes.

With Jacques Villeneuve failing to finish in his Williams-Renault, Schumacher extended his lead over the Canadian in the Drivers' Championship to 10 points.

Hockenheimring
The Hockenheimring, officially Hockenheimring Baden-Württemberg (German: [ˈhɔkŋ̍haɪmʁɪŋ ˌbaːdn̩ ˈvʏʁtəmbɛʁk] ⓘ), is a motor racing circuit situated in the Rhine valley near the town of Hockenheim in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, located on the Bertha Benz Memorial Route. Amongst other motor racing events, it has hosted the German Grand Prix, most recently in 2019. The circuit is nearly flat. The circuit has an FIA Grade 1 licence.
Martinsthorpe
Martinsthorpe is a civil parish in the county of Rutland in the East Midlands of England.

The village's name means 'outlying farm/settlement of Martin'.

It is located about four miles (6 km) south of Oakham near the village of Manton. It is the site of a deserted medieval village. Martinsthorpe is the only parish in Rutland to have no population, (although according to the 2001 census, Beaumont Chase also recorded a population of zero). It is one of only eight parishes in England with nil population.

One building remains in the parish; Old Hall Farmhouse, a Grade II listed building, prominent on the ridge. Originally this was part of the service wing of Martinsthorpe Hall, a seat of the Earls of Nottingham. After several decades unoccupied, it has been restored as a holiday let.

An ancient route, perhaps a true ridgeway of the Bronze Age, comes westwards from Stamford and follows the limestone ridge by Edith Weston, Manton and Martinsthorpe, entering Leicestershire near Withcote.

Manton, Rutland
Manton is a village in the county of Rutland in the East Midlands of England. It lies south-west of Rutland Water. The population of the civil parish at the 2001 census was 364, and after including Gunthorpe decreased slightly to 359 at the 2011 census.
Violent Messiahs
Violent Messiahs is an American comic book series created by Joshua Dysart and William O'Neil and published by Image Comics. The comic takes place in a fictional city known as Rankor Island, and focused on the Rankor PD's attempts to bring in Rankor's vigilantes. The most prominent characters are Lt. Cheri Major and Detective Ernest Houston, the two cops leading the investigations, Family Man, a serial killer who attacks bad parents, and Citizen Pain, a giant, dark figure who was the most prominent vigilante in Rankor.

Wizard (magazine)
Wizard or Wizard: The Magazine of Comics, Entertainment and Pop Culture (previously titled Wizard: The Guide to Comics and Wizard: The Comics Magazine) was a magazine about comic books, published monthly in the United States by Wizard Entertainment from July 1991 to January 2011. It included a price guide, as well as comic book, movie, anime, and collector news, interviews, and previews.