hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Jewish Quarterly Review
The Jewish Quarterly Review is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering Jewish studies. It is published by the University of Pennsylvania Press on behalf of the Herbert D. Katz Center for Advanced Judaic Studies (University of Pennsylvania). The editors-in-chief are David N. Myers (UCLA) and Natalie Dohrmann (University of Pennsylvania).

The journal was established in London in 1889 by Israel Abrahams and Claude G. Montefiore as an English-language concurrent of the French Revue des études juives, itself an outgrowth of the Wissenschaft des Judentums movement. In 1910, it was brought to Pennsylvania's Dropsie College, the predecessor of the Katz Center.

Jewish Quarterly Review is the oldest English-language journal of Judaic scholarship. It is available online through Project MUSE and JSTOR. As of 2026, the journal is open access.

Wissenschaft des Judentums
"Wissenschaft des Judentums" (literally in German the expression means "Science of Judaism"; more recently in the United States it started to be rendered as "Jewish Studies" or "Judaic Studies", a wide academic field of inquiry in American universities) refers to a nineteenth-century movement premised on the critical investigation of Jewish literature and culture, including rabbinic literature, to analyze the origins of Jewish traditions.
Third government of Francisco Franco
The third government of Francisco Franco was formed on 20 July 1945, following the end of World War II in Europe. It succeeded the second Franco government and was the government of Spain from 20 July 1945 to 19 July 1951, a total of 2,190 days, or 5 years, 11 months and 29 days.

Franco's third cabinet was made up of members from the different factions or "families" within the National Movement: mainly the FET y de las JONS party—the only legal political party during the Francoist regime—the military, the National Catholic Association of Propagandists (ACNP) and a number of aligned-nonpartisan figures from the civil service.

FET y de las JONS
The Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional Sindicalista (lit. 'Traditionalist Spanish Phalanx of the Councils of the National Syndicalist Offensive'), shortened to FET y de las JONS, just "FET", and the Falange, and alternatively referred to as the Movimiento Nacional, was the sole legal party of the Francoist regime in Spain. It was created by General Francisco Franco in 1937 as a merger of the fascist and national syndicalist Falange Española de las JONS (FE de las JONS) with the monarchist Carlist movement. In addition to the resemblance of names, the party formally retained most of the platform of FE de las JONS (26 out of 27 points) and a similar inner structure. The membership in the party was automatic for all civil servants and officers of the regime, however, the significance of such membership was often purely nominal.
Martine Veldhuis
Martine Veldhuis (born 12 December 1996) is a Dutch rower. In 2017, she and her dizygotic twin sister Marike won silver at the World Rowing Championships for under-23 rowers in the lightweight quadruple sculls. She won the gold medal in the women's lightweight single sculls event at the 2020 European Rowing Championships held in Poznań, Poland. This was the first time the Netherlands won this event at the European Rowing Championships.

In 2018, she competed in the women's lightweight single sculls event at the World Rowing Championships held in Plovdiv, Bulgaria. The following year, she competed in the same event at the 2019 World Rowing Championships held in Ottensheim, Austria.

Veldhuis and Lisa Scheenaard competed in the women's double sculls event at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris, France.

Rowing at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Women's double sculls
The women's double sculls event at the 2024 Summer Olympics took place from 27 July to 1 August 2024 at the Stade nautique de Vaires-sur-Marne, National Olympic Nautical Stadium of Île-de-France, Vaires-sur-Marne.
Baba Lybeck
Barbara "Baba" Lybeck (born 26 December 1966 in Pargas) is a Finnish journalist. She has a Master's degree in literature. She has worked as a news presenter for the Finnish TV channel Nelonen from 1998. Lybeck quit presenting news in 2009 and moved to Yleisradio to work as a journalist.

She has worked as the presenter and chief judge of the quiz show Uutisvuoto since autumn 2010 after Peter Nyman moved to MTV3 to work as a news presenter. Previously Lybeck has worked at Radio City and presented the NO TV show on MTV3, as well as the Finnish Top 40 music show on YLE and the Swedish language shows Bosses Bio and Talking Heads on FST. Lybeck was also present in the TV show Viemäri-TV.

Baba Lybeck's grandparents were author Tito Colliander and artist Ina Colliander.

Nelonen (TV channel)
Nelonen (Finnish for 'Number Four') is a Finnish commercial television channel. It started out as Helsinki's local television channel PTV in 1990 on the HTV cable network (now part of DNA), and changed its name first to PTV4. On June 1, 1997, the channel expanded to national coverage and changed its name to Nelonen, the Finnish name of the number four. Nelonen is mostly owned by Sanoma Corporation, which owns the Helsingin Sanomat and Ilta-Sanomat newspapers. Its largest owner was Aatos Erkko. Much of its programming is imported Australian, American, British, and European programs with Finnish captions. Its main market is the 25-44 demographic.
Agostino Strozzi
Agostino Strozzi (c.1450 – after 1505) was an Italian Augustinian abbot and humanist writer from Mantua. Strozzi is recognized for his contribution to the pro-woman side of the querelle des femmes — "a debate about the nature and worth of women that unfolded in Europe from the medieval to the early modern period." Strozzi, commissioned by his cousin Margherita Cantelmo, wrote La defensione delle donne [The Defense of Women] in the 16th century.

Strozzi studied at the University of Ferrara and later served as abbot of the monastery of San Vito near Porta San Giorgio in Mantua.

University of Ferrara
The University of Ferrara (Italian: Università degli Studi di Ferrara) is the main university of the city of Ferrara in the Emilia-Romagna region of northern Italy. In the years prior to the First World War the University of Ferrara, with more than 500 students, was the best attended of the free universities in Italy. Today there are approximately 16,000 students enrolled at the University of Ferrara with nearly 400 degrees granted each year. The teaching staff number 600, including 288 researchers. It is organized into 12 Departments.
Lazufre
Lazufre is a Quaternary volcanic dome in the central Andes, on the border between Chile and Argentina. It is part of the Central Volcanic Zone (CVZ), one of the four distinct volcanic belts of South America. The CVZ includes a number of calderas and supervolcanoes that have emplaced ignimbrites in the region.

Lazufre and the majority of the Andean volcanoes formed from the subduction of the oceanic Nazca Plate under the continental South American continental lithosphere. The dome has been uplifting for the past 400,000 years and features three recent volcanoes, Lastarria, Cordón del Azufre and Cerro Bayo Complex. It may be a volcano that will in the future develop a caldera.

The dome began uplifting in the late 19th century at an increasing rate, before slowing down since 2010. The uplift is among the largest in the world and has drawn attention from the scientific communities. Various explanations have been proposed, the most common being that a magma chamber is filling up.

Aridity
Aridity is the condition of geographical regions which make up approximately 43% of total global available land area, characterized by low annual precipitation, increased temperatures, and limited water availability. These areas tend to fall upon degraded soils, and their health and functioning are key necessities of regulating ecosystems’ atmospheric components.
Electoral district of Altona
The electoral district of Altona was one of the electoral districts of Victoria, Australia, for the Victorian Legislative Assembly. It covered an area of 79 square kilometres (31 sq mi) in western Melbourne, and included the suburbs of Altona, Altona Meadows, Laverton, Point Cook, Seabrook and Seaholme. It also included the RAAF Williams airbase and the Point Cook Coastal Park. It lay within the Western Metropolitan Region of the upper house, the Legislative Council.

The seat was abolished by the Electoral Boundaries Commission ahead of the 2022 election and largely replaced by the electoral district of Point Cook.

Point Cook
Point Cook is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 22 km (14 mi) south-west of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the City of Wyndham local government area. Point Cook recorded a population of 66,781 at the 2021 census, making it the most populated suburb in Australia.

Point Cook is the home of RAAF Base Point Cook, the birthplace of the Royal Australian Air Force, and is the current home of the RAAF Museum. Point Cook is also home to many playgrounds and parks/public spaces. The wetlands of the Point Cook Coastal Park form part of the Cheetham and Altona Important Bird Area.

The major development of the suburb began in the late 1990s. The population of Point Cook has been growing rapidly since 2001 when the population was 1,737. At the 2016 census, Point Cook's population was 49,929, and had risen to 66,781 by 2021.
Etowah Depot
Etowah Depot is a former railway station in Etowah, Tennessee. The Louisville and Nashville Railroad (L&N) selected the site as a maintenance facility and station for their new mainline, with construction beginning in 1905. Passenger service began in November 1906. Construction costs for the building amounted to $13,000 (equivalent to $454,952 in 2024). The depot's significance waned after 1929 when the L&Ns rolling stock was being converted from wood to steel construction and repair shops were moved to Knoxville. Passenger service ceased with the last run of the Flamingo in 1968 and the depot was closed for all railway use in 1974. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 17, 1977. The Louisville and Nashville sold the depot to the city in 1981 for $35,000, who set about restoring the station building.

Flamingo (train)
The Flamingo was a passenger train operated by the Louisville and Nashville Railroad and the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad between Cincinnati, Ohio, and Jacksonville, Florida, from the 1920s to the 1960s.  It carried coaches and sleeping cars.
Mélanie Rocan
Mélanie Rocan (born 1980) is a Canadian artist from La Broquerie, Manitoba. She works mostly in various paint mediums. She also has been known to work in multimedia, especially when working collaboratively.

Paint
Paint is a material or mixture that, when applied to a solid material and allowed to dry, adds a film-like layer. As art, this is used to create an image or images known as a painting. Paint can be made in many colors and types. Most paints are either oil-based or water-based, and each has distinct characteristics.

Primitive forms of paint were used tens of thousands of years ago in cave paintings.

Clean-up solvents are also different for water-based paint than oil-based paint. Water-based paints and oil-based paints will cure differently based on the outside ambient temperature of the object being painted (such as a house).
Margaret Riley
Margaret Riley (December 9, 1965 – January 23, 2024) was an American film and television producer, agent, and manager. She was known for producing the film Bombshell (2019). She was also an executive producer on the films Gray Matters (2006), Love & Other Drugs (2010), and Billie Eilish: The World's a Little Blurry (2021), and the television series Ratched (2020). Riley's clients included Mark Ruffalo, Bridget Moynahan, Anthony E. Zuiker,  Charles Randolph, Margaret Nagle and Joe Berlinger. Zuiker said, "Margaret Riley managed me for a quarter of a century".

Billie Eilish: The World's a Little Blurry
Billie Eilish: The World's a Little Blurry is a 2021 American documentary film written and directed by R. J. Cutler and centered around singer-songwriter Billie Eilish. The film details Eilish's rise to fame since the release of her 2016 single "Ocean Eyes" and the creative process behind Eilish's debut studio album When We All Fall Asleep, Where Do We Go? (2019), with the title referencing a lyric from the album track "ilomilo". The film was released in select theaters via Neon and on Apple TV+ on February 26, 2021.
Keweenaw Rocket Range
The Keweenaw Rocket Range is an isolated launch pad located in the U.S. state of Michigan’s Keweenaw Peninsula. It was used between 1964 and 1971 for launching rockets for meteorological data collection. NASA, along with the University of Michigan, conducted the project under the lead of Harold Allen.  The site was one of six similar sites scattered about North America used to collect measurements of electron density, positive ion composition and distribution, energetic electron precipitation, solar X-rays, and Lyman alpha flux.

One of the other well-known sites was Wallops Island, Virginia.  The collected data was later to be compared to the five other sites.

Lyman-alpha
Lyman-alpha, typically denoted by Ly-α or Lyα, is a spectral line of hydrogen (or, more generally, of any one-electron atom) in the Lyman series. A photon is emitted when the atomic electron transitions from an n = 2 orbital to the ground state (n = 1), where n is the principal quantum number. In hydrogen, its wavelength of 1215.67 angstroms (121.567 nm or 1.21567×10−7 m), corresponding to a frequency of about 2.46607×1015 Hz, places Lyman-alpha in the ultraviolet (UV) part of the electromagnetic spectrum. More specifically, Ly-α lies in vacuum UV (VUV), characterized by a strong absorption in the air.
Carrillo family of California
The Carrillo family is a prominent Californio family of Southern California. Members of the family held extensive rancho grants and numerous important political positions, including Governor of Alta California, Mayor of Los Angeles, Mayor of Santa Barbara, Mayor of Santa Monica, and a signer of the Californian Constitution.

Mayor of Los Angeles
The mayor of Los Angeles is the head of the executive branch of the government of Los Angeles and the chief executive of Los Angeles. The office is officially nonpartisan, a change made in the 1909 charter; previously, both the elections and the office were partisan.

Forty-two men and one woman have been mayor since 1850, when California became a state following the American conquest of California. Between 1781 and the conquest, Californios, or native-born residents of the Mexican territory, served as alcalde, equivalent to mayor.  The current mayor is Karen Bass, who was elected on November 17, 2022, and took office on December 12, 2022.
Deaths in December 2022
The following is a list of notable deaths in December 2022.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent country of citizenship (if applicable), reason for notability, cause of death (if known), and reference.

Gymnastics at the 1952 Summer Olympics
Gymnastics at the 1952 Summer Olympics was represented by 15 events: 7 for women and 8 for men. All events were held between 19 and 24 July in the Messuhalli building in Helsinki. Men's events were held in Exhibition Hall I while women's events were contested in the smaller Exhibition Hall II.
2016–17 Serie B
The 2016–17 Serie B (known as the Serie B ConTe.it for sponsorship reasons) was the 85th season since its establishment in 1929. A total of 22 teams were contesting the league: 15 returning from the 2015–16 season, 4 promoted from Lega Pro, and 3 relegated from Serie A.

2015–16 Serie A
The 2015–16 Serie A (known as the Serie A TIM for sponsorship reasons) was the 114th season of top-tier Italian football, the 84th in a round-robin tournament, and the 6th since its organization under a league committee separate from Serie B. Juventus were the defending champions. The campaign began on 22 August 2015 and ended on 15 May 2016.

On 25 April 2016, Juventus succeeded in defending their title for the fifth consecutive season, after second placed Napoli lost to Roma, giving Juventus a 12-point lead with only three games left.
Piennes
Piennes (French pronunciation: [pjɛn]) is a commune in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department in north-eastern France. The writer Anne-Marie Blanc winner of the 1978 Prix Erckmann-Chatrian was born in Piennes on 16 December 1931. Christiane Martel, Miss Universe 1953 was born in Piennes in 1938.

Prix Erckmann-Chatrian
The prix Erckmann-Chatrian is a literary award from Lorraine, awarded every year since 1925 in memory of the literary duo Erckmann-Chatrian. It rewards a written prose work by someone form Lorraine or about Lorraine. It is often nicknamed the "Goncourt lorrain". The jury consists of literary figures of the four Lorraine departments.

In 1989, a scholarship was added to the prize, a scholarship for historical narrative and monograph. In 1993, this scholarship was divided into "scholarship for history" and "scholarship for monograph".
The Picture Is Dead
The Picture Is Dead is an indie rock band from Washington D.C. The band consists of Bryan Cornell (synth, effects), Sam Serafy (vocals), Patrick Timony (brother of Mary Timony) (effects, keyboards), and James Wolf (violin). Darryl Dardenne once played with the band, but as of June 2006, is not part of the lineup. They have opened for Bardo Pond, Mary Timony Band, and fellow Washington D.C. band The Aquarium.

Bardo Pond
Bardo Pond is an American psychedelic rock band formed in 1991. It consists of Michael Gibbons (guitar), John Gibbons (guitar), Isobel Sollenberger (flute and vocals), Clint Takeda (bass guitar) and Jason Kourkounis (drums).  Bardo Pond's music is often classified as space rock, acid rock, post-rock, shoegazing, noise or psychedelic rock.  Some Bardo Pond album titles have been derived from the names of esoteric psychedelic substances. Their sound has been likened to Pink Floyd, Spacemen 3 and My Bloody Valentine amongst others.

Allmusic describes Bardo Pond as having "lengthy, deliberate sound explorations filled with all the hallmarks of modern-day space rock: droning guitars, thick distortion, feedback, reverb, and washes of white noise."
Bardo Pond are a taper-friendly band who encourage fans to make recordings of their shows.
Comet (railcar)
The Comet railcar is a class of locomotive-hauled railcars that was first designed in the late 1960s by Pullman-Standard as a modern commuter car for North American rail lines. Later, the Comet moniker was adopted by NJ Transit for all of its non-powered single level commuter coaches. Additional series of cars bearing the Comet name, based on the original design, have since been built by Bombardier Transportation and Alstom. The successful design was adopted by numerous commuter agencies.

NJ Transit
New Jersey Transit Corporation, branded as NJ Transit or NJTransit and often shortened to NJT, is a state-owned public transportation system that serves the U.S. state of New Jersey and portions of the states of New York and Pennsylvania. It operates buses, light rail, and commuter rail services throughout the state, connecting to major commercial and employment centers both within the state and in its two adjacent major cities, New York City and Philadelphia. In 2024, the system had a ridership of 225,620,400.

Covering a service area of 5,325 square miles (13,790 km2), NJT is the largest statewide public transit system and the third-largest provider of bus, rail, and light rail transit by ridership in the United States.

NJT also acts as a purchasing agency for many private operators in the state; in particular, buses to serve routes not served by the transit agency.
Snow Bowman
Albert William "Snow" Bowman (5 May 1915 – 20 January 1992) was a New Zealand rugby union player. A flanker, Bowman represented Hawke's Bay, Wellington, and Nelson at a provincial level, and also appeared in services teams during World War II. He was a member of the New Zealand national side, the All Blacks, on their 1938 tour of Australia. playing in six matches including three internationals.

He was selected as one of the 5 players of the year for the 1945 season in the Rugby Almananac of New Zealand.

Bowman died in Waipukurau on 20 January 1992, and his ashes were buried at Waipukurau Cemetery.

Wellington (National Provincial Championship)
Wellington (often known as the Wellington Lions) are a New Zealand professional rugby union team based in Wellington, New Zealand. The union was originally established in 1879, with the National Provincial Championship established in 1976. They now play in the reformed National Provincial Championship competition. They play their home games at Sky Stadium in Wellington. The team is affiliated with the Hurricanes Super Rugby franchise. Their home playing colours are black and gold.
Aurelio Canonici
Aurelio Canonici (Genoa, 30 December 1965) is an Italian conductor and composer.

Canonici studied piano and composition at the Conservatorio Nicolò Paganini in Genoa and specialized in orchestra conducting at the Hochschule für Musik in Vienna from 1992 to 1995.

The most important orchestras he has conducted include the Virtuosi di Santa Cecilia, the Pomeriggi Musicali, the Orchestra Internazionale d’Italia, Budapest Concert Orchestra (MAV), Istanbul State Symphony Orchestra (IDSO), Württembergische Philharmonie Reutlingen, Sinfonieorchester Wuppertal, Arpeggione Kammerorchester, the Bucharest National Radio Orchestra, the Warsaw National Radio Orchestra, the Krakow Philharmonic, the Warsaw National Opera Orchestra and the Krakow Opera (Opera Krakowska).

Since 2008 he has been the Artistic Director of the “Richard Wagner” Symphonic Section of the Ravello Festival.

University of Music and Performing Arts Vienna
The University of Music and Performing Arts Vienna (German: Universität für Musik und darstellende Kunst Wien, abbreviated MDW) is an Austrian university established in 1817 located in Vienna. With a student body of over three thousand, it is the largest institution of its kind in Austria, and one of the largest in the world.

In 1817, it was established by the Society for the Friends of Music. It has had several names: Vienna Conservatory, Vienna Academy and in 1909 it was nationalized as the Imperial Academy of Music and the Performing Arts. In 1998, the University assumed its current name to reflect its university status, attained in a wide 1970 reform for Austrian Arts Academies.
NPAS3
NPAS3 or Neuronal PAS domain protein 3 is a brain-enriched transcription factor belonging to the bHLH-PAS superfamily of transcription factors, the members of which carry out diverse functions, including circadian oscillations, neurogenesis, toxin metabolism, hypoxia, and tracheal development. NPAS3 contains a basic helix-loop-helix structural motif and two PAS domain, like the other proteins in the superfamily.

It functions as an heterodimer by binding ARNT2, another member of the bHLH-PAS superfamily.

PAS domain
A Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS) domain is a protein domain found in all kingdoms of life. Generally, the PAS domain acts as a molecular sensor, whereby small molecules and other proteins associate via binding of the PAS domain. Due to this sensing capability, the PAS domain has been shown as the key structural motif involved in protein-protein interactions of the circadian clock, and it is also a common motif found in signaling proteins, where it functions as a signaling sensor.