hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ibn Abi Tayyi
Ibn Abi Tayyi (Arabic: إبن أبي طيء) Yaḥyā Abū Zakariyyā ibn Ḥamīd al-Najjār (1180–1228) was a Shi'i historian and poet from Aleppo. Known for his Universal History, which is mostly lost, and is known to us through excerpts preserved by later writers. A valuable source for the history of Northern Syria in the times of the crusades, it also describes the Fatimid palaces in Cairo, the fall of the Fatimid dynasty, relations between Franks and Muslims, and the reign of Saladin and that of his son al-Ẓāhir Ghāzī.

He made use of a lost source also used by the anonymous author of the Būstān al-jāmiʿ.

Al-Zahir Ghazi
Al-Malik az-Zahir Ghiyath ud-din Ghazi ibn Yusuf ibn Ayyub (commonly known as az-Zahir Ghazi; 1172 – 8 October 1216) was the Kurdish Ayyubid emir of Aleppo between 1186 and 1216. He was the third son of Saladin and his lands included northern Syria and a small part of Mesopotamia.
Ivan Kopyak
Ivan Andreyevich Kopyak (Russian: Иван Андреевич Копяк; 26 August 1897 – July 1942) was a Red Army major general who held division command during World War II.

A veteran of World War I, Kopyak rose to regimental command by the end of the Russian Civil War. He took command of the 112th Rifle Division in the first days after Operation Barbarossa began and led it during the Battle of Smolensk. Kopyak led the division in its breakout from encirclement and in late 1941 took command of the 140th Rifle Division. The division suffered heavy losses defending against Case Blue in mid-1942, during which Kopyak was presumed killed.

Kiev Military District
The Kiev Military District (Russian: Киевский военный округ (КВО), romanized: Kiyevskiy voyennyy okrug (KVO); Ukrainian: Червонопрапорний Київський військовий округ, romanized: Chervonoprapornyi Kyivskyi viiskovyi okruh, lit. 'Red Banner Kyiv Military District', abbreviated КВО, KVO) was a military district of the Imperial Russian Army and subsequently of the Red Army and Soviet Armed Forces. It was first formed in 1862, and was headquartered in Kiev (Kyiv) for most of its existence.
Gross-up clause
A gross-up clause is a contract provision which provides that all payments must be made in the full amount, free of any deductions without exercising any right of set-off. The provision will usually indicate that if there is a mandatory withholding or deduction required by law (usually with respect to tax), then the paying party shall "gross up" the payment so that the receiving party receives the same net amount. The purpose of a gross up is so that the payer, instead of the payee, assumes the risk of any change in tax imposed. Gross-up clauses are found in international loan agreements, as well as executive compensation agreements (more often in mid-sized and large companies).

The formula for calculating the total amount of a grossed-up payment is (the amount of the payment) divided by (1 minus the tax rate). Thus, a $10,000 payment to a recipient who has a 35% tax rate would be ($10,000) / (1–35%) = (10,000/.65) = $15,384.62.

Set-off (law)
In law, set-off or netting is a legal technique applied between persons or businesses with mutual rights and liabilities, replacing gross positions with net positions. It permits the rights to be used to discharge the liabilities where cross claims exist between a plaintiff and a respondent, the result being that the gross claims of mutual debt produce a single net claim. The net claim is known as a net position. In other words, a set-off is the right of a debtor to balance mutual debts with a creditor.

Any balance remaining due either of the parties is still owed, but the mutual debts have been set off. The power of net positions lies in reducing credit exposure, and also offers regulatory capital requirement and settlement advantages, which contribute to market stability.
Avari Mata temple
Avari Mata temple (आवरी माता का मन्दिर) is in Bhadesar tehsil of Nikumbh, Chittorgarh district, Rajasthan. Located in an area with hills and springs in the village of Aasawara, Aavari Mata was born into a Rathore Rajput family, hence she is also called Rathora Rani.In Avari mata tample Traditionally, it has been visited by people seeking a cure for paralysis and polio. Avari Mata Temple is one of the popular temples in Rajasthan which is located in the Bhadesar Town of Chittorgarh. The temple is dedicated to goddess Avari Mata and the temple the Aasawara. There is a pond and Hanuman temple behind the temple.

Rathore dynasty
The Rathore dynasty is an Indian dynasty belonging to the Rathore clan of Rajputs that has historically ruled over parts of Rajasthan, Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh and Jharkhand. The Rathores trace their ancestry from the Suryavamsha (Solar dynasty) and to the Rashtrakutas and later to the Gahadavalas of Kannauj, migrating to Marwar region of Rajasthan after the fall of Kannauj.
Murski Črnci
Murski Črnci (pronounced [ˈmuːɾski ˈtʃəɾntsi]; Hungarian: Muracsermely) is a village in the Municipality of Tišina in the Prekmurje region of northeastern Slovenia.

There is a small chapel in the centre of the village. It was built in 1896 and 1897 in the Neo-Gothic style.

Prekmurje
Littoral

Carniola: 2a Upper, 2b Inner, 2c Lower

Carinthia

Styria

Prekmurje

Prekmurje (Slovene pronunciation: [pɾɛkˈmúːɾjɛ] also [ˈpɾeːkmuɾjɛ] ⓘ; Prekmurje Slovene: Prèkmürsko or Prèkmüre; Hungarian: Muravidék) is a geographically, linguistically, culturally, and ethnically defined region of Slovenia, settled by Slovenes and a Hungarian minority, lying between the Mur River in Slovenia and the Rába Valley (the watershed of the Rába; Slovene: Porabje) in the westernmost part of Hungary. It covers an area of 938 square kilometers (362 sq mi) and has a population of 78,000 people. Its largest town and urban center is Murska Sobota, the other urban center being Lendava.
2000 Pepsi 400 presented by Meijer
The 2000 Pepsi 400 presented by Meijer was the 22nd stock car race of the 2000 NASCAR Winston Cup Series and the 31st iteration of the event. The race was held on Sunday, August 20, 2000, in Brooklyn, Michigan, at Michigan International Speedway, a two-mile (3.2 km) moderate-banked D-shaped speedway. The race took the scheduled 200 laps to complete. At race's end, Penske-Kranefuss Racing driver Rusty Wallace, with the help of his crew chief, would pull away on the final restart with 18 to go to win his 52nd career NASCAR Winston Cup Series win and his third of the season. To fill out the podium, Ricky Rudd of Robert Yates Racing and Bobby Labonte of Joe Gibbs Racing would finish second and third, respectively.

Ricky Rudd
Richard Lee Rudd (born September 12, 1956), nicknamed "the Rooster", is an American former racing driver and racing team owner. He is the uncle of actor Skeet Ulrich and former NASCAR Busch Series driver Jason Rudd. He retired in 2007 with 23 career wins; twenty were done in a span from 1983 to 1998, where he won at least one race in sixteen consecutive seasons, a mark only surpassed by three other drivers. He was named the 2006 Virginian of the Year and was inducted into the Virginia Sports Hall of Fame in 2007. In October 2010, he was selected to the Hampton Roads Sports Hall of Fame, which honors those who have contributed to sports in southeastern Virginia.
Montreux-Collège railway station
Montreux-Collège railway station (French: Gare de Montreux-Collège), is a railway station in the municipality of Montreux, in the Swiss canton of Vaud. It is an intermediate stop and a request stop on the 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) metre gauge Montreux–Lenk im Simmental line of Montreux Oberland Bernois Railway.

Montreux–Lenk im Simmental line
The Montreux–Lenk im Simmental line is a metre-gauge electric railway line in Switzerland run by the Montreux Oberland Bernois Railway (MOB) and links Montreux on Lake Geneva by way of Les Avants, Montbovon, Rossinière, Château-d'Œx, Rougemont, Saanen, Gstaad and Zweisimmen with Lenk im Simmental. It leads through the cantons of Vaud, Fribourg and Bern. Running along the section between Montreux and Zweisimmen is the GoldenPass Line. The Montreux–Lenk line is one of the oldest electric railways in the country. Its main line, 75.1 km (46.7 mi) in length, is built to the 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) gauge. At Zweisimmen, passengers may transfer to the Spiez–Erlenbach–Zweisimmen line, a standard gauge line owned by BLS AG. A 12.9 km (8.0 mi) branch line also connects Zweisimmen to Lenk.
Växjö
Växjö (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈvɛ̂kːɧøː]) is a city and the seat of Växjö Municipality, Kronoberg County, Sweden. As of 2023, it had 74,052 inhabitants, out of a total 98,280 municipal residents (2025). It is the administrative, cultural, and industrial centre of Kronoberg County and the episcopal see of the Diocese of Växjö, with Växjö Cathedral at its heart. The city is also home to Linnaeus University.

Dacke War
The Dacke War (Swedish: Dackefejden) was a peasant uprising led by Nils Dacke in Småland, Sweden, in 1542 against the rule of Gustav Vasa. Dacke and his followers were dissatisfied with the heavy tax burden, the introduction of Lutheranism, and the confiscation of Church property (the confiscation and taxes were introduced to pay for the Swedish War of Liberation that had brought Gustav Vasa to power). In 1543 the uprising was defeated, and Nils Dacke was killed.
Bagdarin
Bagdarin (Russian: Багдари́н; Buryat:  Сагаан Уула, Sagaan Uula), is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Bauntovsky Evenkiysky District of the Republic of Buryatia, Russia, located on the Vitim Plateau. Population:  4,735 (2010 Census); 4,763 (2002 Census); 4,825 (1989 Soviet census).

Buryatia
Buryatia, officially the Republic of Buryatia, is a republic of Russia located in the Russian Far East. Formerly part of the Siberian Federal District, it has been administered as part of the Far Eastern Federal District since 2018. To its north lie Irkutsk Oblast and Lake Baikal, the deepest lake in the world; Zabaykalsky Krai to the east; Tuva to the west and Mongolia to the south. Its capital is the city of Ulan-Ude. It has an area of 351,300 square kilometers (135,600 sq mi) with a population of 978,588 (2021 Census). It is home to the indigenous Buryats.
Argyresthia trifasciae
Argyresthia trifasciae is a moth of the family Yponomeutidae. It is found in North America, including California.

The wingspan is 7-7.5 mm. The forewings are shining white with a faint yellowish tinge, and marked with pale golden. The hindwings are pale yellow.

The larvae feed on Thuja occidentalis, as well as Juniperus and Cupressus species, including Cupressus macrocarpa.

Thuja occidentalis
Thuja occidentalis, also known as northern white-cedar, eastern white-cedar, or arborvitae, is an evergreen coniferous tree, in the cypress family Cupressaceae, which is native to eastern Canada and much of the north-central and northeastern United States. It is widely cultivated as an ornamental plant. It is not to be confused with Juniperus virginiana (eastern red cedar).
The Baptism of Christ (Verrocchio and Leonardo)
The Baptism of Christ is an oil-on-panel painting finished around 1475 in the studio of the Italian Renaissance painter Andrea del Verrocchio and generally ascribed to him and his pupil Leonardo da Vinci. Some art historians discern the hands of other members of Verrocchio's workshop in the painting as well.

The picture depicts the Baptism of Jesus by John the Baptist as recorded in the Biblical Gospels of Matthew, Mark and Luke. The angel to the left is recorded as having been painted by the youthful Leonardo, a fact which has excited so much special comment and mythology, that the importance and value of the picture as a whole and within the œuvre of Verrocchio is often overlooked. Modern critics also attribute much of the landscape in the background to Leonardo as well. The painting is housed in the Uffizi Gallery in Florence.

Workshop
Beginning with the Industrial Revolution era, a workshop may be a room, rooms or building which provides both the area and tools (or machinery) that may be required for the manufacture or repair of manufactured goods. Workshops were the only places of production until the advent of industrialization and the development of larger factories. In the 20th and 21st century, many Western homes contained a workshop in either the garage, basement, or an external shed. Home workshops typically contain a workbench, hand tools, power tools, and other hardware. Along with the practical application of repairing goods, workshops are often used to tinker and make prototypes.

Some workshops focus exclusively on automotive repair or restoration although there are a variety of workshops in existence today.  Woodworking, metalworking, electronics, and other types of electronic prototyping workshops are among the most common.
SS John Walker
SS John Walker was a Liberty ship built in the United States during World War II. She was named after John Walker, a representative of the House of Burgesses. He was in the Continental Army, serving in 1777 as an aide-de-camp to General George Washington, holding the rank of colonel. In 1780, he was elected as a delegate to the Continental Congress. He then studied law. When William Grayson died in 1790, Walker was appointed to the United States Senate to serve from March 31 to November 9.

House of Burgesses
The House of Burgesses (/ˈbɜːr.dʒə.sɪz/) was the lower house of the Virginia General Assembly from 1619 to 1776. It existed during the colonial history of the United States in the Colony of Virginia in what was then British America. From 1642 to 1776, the House of Burgesses was an important feature of Virginian politics, alongside the Crown-appointed colonial governor and the Virginia Governor's Council, the upper house of the General Assembly.

When Virginia declared its independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain during the Fifth Virginia Convention in 1776 and became the independent Commonwealth of Virginia, the House of Burgesses was transformed into the House of Delegates, which continues to serve as the lower house of the General Assembly.
Liga Nacional de Fútbol Americano
Liga Nacional de Fútbol Americano (LNFA) is the name of the top gridiron league which operates in Spain. It was first founded in 1988 and reorganized in 1995 after the merge of several previous Spanish competitions.

The league is run by the Spanish Federation of American Football (Federación Española de Futbol Americano (FEFA) in Spanish language).

At the end of the season, league champion and runner up clinch bids to compete at next year's European Football League, while third and fourth teams classify for the EFAF Cup.

There has been changes in the number of teams throughout the years. Since 2015, teams are divided into three categories: Serie A, with the top six teams, second tier Serie B with ten teams competing in two conferences, and Serie C, with regional and interregional leagues.

EFAF Cup
The EFAF Cup was an international competition  for European American football clubs. It was the second highest level of club competition in the European Federation of American football (EFAF), behind the European Football League (EFL),.
Primitive element
In mathematics, the term primitive element can mean:

Primitive root modulo n, in number theory

Primitive element (field theory), an element that generates a given field extension

Primitive element (finite field), an element that generates the multiplicative group of a finite field

Primitive element (lattice), an element in a lattice that is not a positive integer multiple of another element in the lattice

Primitive element (coalgebra), an element X on which the comultiplication Δ has the value Δ(X) = X⊗1 + 1⊗X

Primitive element (free group), an element of a free generating set

Primitive element (Lie algebra), a Borel-weight vector

Whitehead's algorithm
Whitehead's algorithm is a mathematical algorithm in group theory for solving the automorphic equivalence problem in the finite rank free group Fn. The algorithm is based on a classic 1936 paper of J. H. C. Whitehead. It is still unknown (except for the case n = 2) if Whitehead's algorithm has polynomial time complexity.
Peder von Cappelen
Peder von Cappelen (24 January 1763 – 11 March 1837) was a Norwegian merchant and politician. He was involved in timber trade and was an owner of ironworks. Cappelen was a member of the Parliament of Norway.

Timber trade
There are multiple market layers for wood products. Each country has its own domestic market that may be connected to a regional or global market. Timber supply to domestic markets in many tropical forest countries is largely provided by informal logging, namely chainsaw milling. Regional and global markets involve producer, passthrough, processing, and consumer countries.

China has become the largest overall importer of wood products. China's imports mostly become exports to other countries including the US, the EU, Japan, and the rest of the world.

In 2016, it is estimated that only 30% of primary tropical timber products on the European Union market were verified sustainable (either PEFC or FSC). If the main timber-consuming EU countries  (Germany, France, the UK, Netherlands, Italy, Belgium, and Spain) sourced only verified sustainable primary tropical timber, an estimated additional 5.3 million ha of tropical forests can be impacted.
John Seaford
Christianity portal

John Nicholas Shtetinin Seaford (born 12 September 1939) is a retired Anglican priest.

He was educated at Radley and Durham University and ordained in 1969. After curacies in Enfield and Winchester he held incumbencies at Chilworth, North Baddesley, Highcliffe and Hinton Admiral before becoming Dean of Jersey and Rector of St Helier, posts he held from 1993 to his retirement in 2005.

North Baddesley
North Baddesley is a large village and civil parish in Hampshire, England. It is situated 3 mi (5 km) east of the town of Romsey and 6 mi (10 km) north of Southampton. It occupies an area of approximately 9.15 km2 (3.53 sq mi), and is home to a population of just over 10,000 people, reducing to 7,000 at the 2011 Census. It is located in the Test Valley; a river famous for trout fishing.
Angelo Schirinzi
Angelo Schirinzi (born 5 November 1972) is a beach soccer player and coach. He is Coach of Switzerland national beach soccer team, and the former Tahiti national beach soccer team Coach 2012-2015. He is the main developer of beach soccer in Switzerland.

Schirinzi has been a FIFA Expert since 2008 and has supervised more than 35 seminars in the last years.

Beach soccer
Beach soccer, also known as beach football, sand football or sand soccer, is a variant of association football played on a beach or some form of sand between two teams of five players each.

Association football has long been played informally on beaches. Beach soccer was introduced in 1992 as an effort to codify rules for the game by the founders of Beach Soccer Worldwide, a company set up to develop the sport and responsible for the majority of its tournaments. FIFA has held the Beach Soccer World Cup biennially since 2005.

The first international matches were played in 1993 for men and 2009 for women. As of July 2023, there are 193 men's and 64 women's clubs and 101 men's and 23 women's national teams sorted in the Beach Soccer Worldwide Rankings.
Stardew Valley (soundtrack)
Stardew Valley: Original Soundtrack is the soundtrack of video game music from Stardew Valley. Music composed by Eric Barone released by Fangamer. The soundtrack was released on September 19, 2016, and was later released on iTunes.

Video game music
Video game music (VGM) is the soundtrack that accompanies video games. Early video game music was once limited to sounds of early sound chips, such as programmable sound generators (PSG) or FM synthesis chips. These limitations have led to the style of music known as chiptune, which became the sound of the early video games.

With technological advances, video game music has grown to include a wider range of sounds. Players can hear music in video games over a game's title screen, menus, and gameplay. Game soundtracks can also change depending on a player's actions or situation, such as indicating missed actions in rhythm games, informing the player they are in a dangerous situation, or rewarding them for specific achievements.

Video game music can be one of two kinds: original or licensed.

The popularity of video game music has created education and job opportunities, generated awards, and led video game soundtracks to be commercially sold and performed in concerts.
Comparison of X Window System desktop environments
A desktop environment is a collection of software designed to give functionality and a certain look and feel to an operating system.

This article applies to operating systems which are capable of running the X Window System, mostly Unix and Unix-like operating systems such as Linux, Minix, illumos, Solaris, AIX, FreeBSD and Mac OS X. Microsoft Windows is incapable of natively running X applications; however, third-party X servers like Cygwin/X, Exceed, or Xming are available.

Hummingbird Ltd.
Hummingbird Ltd. (previously NASDAQ: HUMC, TSX: HUM) is a subsidiary of OpenText and is a provider of enterprise software products including Exceed. Initially founded as a consulting business in 1984, Hummingbird moved into the connectivity market. Its enterprise content management (ECM) software focuses on the management of the life cycle of enterprise content.

Hummingbird has 40 offices worldwide. Customers include IBM, NASA, Morgan Stanley, Boeing, The Walt Disney Company, and the Government of Canada.
Mount Stuart visitor centre
The Mount Stuart visitor centre on the Bute estate, near Rothsay on the Island of Bute was designed by the architect Alfred Munkenbeck of Munkenbeck + Marshall, and was opened by Richard Attenborough in June 2001.

Isle of Bute
The Isle of Bute (Scots: Buit; Scottish Gaelic: Eilean Bhòid or An t-Eilean Bòdach), known as Bute (/bjuːt/), is an island in the Firth of Clyde in Scotland. It is divided into highland and lowland areas by the Highland Boundary Fault.

Formerly a constituent island of the larger County of Bute, it is now part of the council area of Argyll and Bute. Bute's resident population was 6,498 in 2011, a decline of just over 10% from the figure of 7,228 recorded in 2001 against a background of Scottish island populations as a whole growing by 4% to 103,702 for the same period.
Pioneer Cemetery (Nevada City, California)
The Pioneer Cemetery is a cemetery established in c. 1851 behind the Nevada City United Methodist Church, in Nevada City, California. This was the first cemetery in Nevada City, formed during the California Gold Rush.

Nixon, Nevada
Nixon is a census-designated place (CDP) in Washoe County, Nevada, USA. The population was 374 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Reno–Sparks Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is the seat of tribal government of the Paiute Pyramid Lake Indian Reservation and home to the tribe's Museum and Visitor Center. Nixon lies along State Route 446 which connects the settlement to Sutcliffe and Pyramid Lake.
Alliance Colony
The Alliance Colony was a Jewish agricultural community that was founded  on May 10, 1882, in Pittsgrove Township, in Salem County, New Jersey, United States. It was named after the Alliance Israélite Universelle of Paris and was funded by the Hebrew Emigrant Aid Society of New York and Philadelphia and The Baron De Hirsch Fund. In the early 1970s, the community's Jewish population reached a peak of 12, 000 residents.

Hebrew Emigrant Aid Society
The Hebrew Emigrant Aid Society (HEAS) was a late 19th-century American charitable organization. It is distinct from the later Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society, but was involved in some of the same areas of charitable work.