hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Downstream (networking)
In a telecommunications network or computer network, downstream refers to data sent from a network service provider to a customer.

One process sending data primarily in the downstream direction is downloading. However, the overall download speed depends on the downstream speed of the user, the upstream speed of the server, and the network between them.

In the client–server model, downstream can refer to the direction from the server to the client.

Client–server model
The client–server model is a form of messaging pattern in a distributed application structure that partitions tasks or workloads between the providers of a resource or service, called servers, and service requesters, called clients. Often clients and servers communicate over a computer network on separate hardware, but both client and server may be on the same device. A server host  runs one or more server programs, which share their resources with clients. A client usually does not share its computing resources, but it requests content or service from a server and may share its own content as part of the request. Clients, therefore, initiate communication sessions with servers, which await incoming requests.
Examples of computer applications that use the client–server model are email, network printing, and the World Wide Web.
Messe I.X–VI.X
Messe I.X–VI.X is the ninth studio album by the Norwegian experimental electronica band Ulver, created in collaboration with the Tromsø Chamber Orchestra with additional aid from composer Martin Romberg. Written and produced by Ulver, released on October 8, 2013, via Jester Records and Kscope.

On September 17, 2013, a trailer was released, and on October 4, 2013, the track "Shri Schneider" was released for streaming via Pitchfork.

Jester Records
Jester Records is a record label founded in 1998 by Kristoffer Rygg (also known as Garm, Trickster G, G. Wolf and Fiery G. Maelstrom) after conflicts between his band Ulver and their German/American label Century Media Records.
Dmytro Dmytrenko
Dmytro Dmytrenko (Ukrainian: Дмитро Дмитренко, also Dmitri Dmitrenko from Russian: Дмитрий Дмитренко; born 25 July 1973) is a Ukrainian former competitive figure skater. While representing the Soviet Union, he won the 1992 World Junior title. For Ukraine, he won the 1993 European title and 2000 European bronze medal. He competed at the 1998 and 2002 Winter Olympics.

Dmytrenko was known for developing complex spins, using rarely used parts of his skate, including the heel. He also executed complicated patterns of footwork, connecting his moves with unexpected rhythm and changes of direction. He would often compose his own music for his programs and included distorted sound effects created with synthesizers.

Dmytrenko formerly coached Oleksii Bychenko. He is an International Technical Specialist.

2000 European Figure Skating Championships
The 2000 European Figure Skating Championships was a senior international figure skating competition in the 1999–2000 season. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing. The event was held at the Stadthalle in Vienna, Austria from February 6 to 13, 2000.
Raambo 2
Raambo 2 is a 2018 Indian Kannada-language action comedy drama film written and directed by Anil Kumar and produced by Atlanta Nagendra and Sharan. A sequel of Rambo (2012), the film features Sharan in the lead role, with Ashika Ranganath, Chikkanna, P. Ravishankar and Tabla Nani in the principal roles. A song sequence in the film has five of the leading ladies whom Sharan had paired with in his previous films. The film is co-funded by its technicians such as music director Arjun Janya, cinematographer Sudhakar S Raj, associate director Tharun Sudhir and editor K. M. Prakash. The film released across Karnataka on 18 May 2018.

Upon release, the film received positive reviews from critics. The movie was declared a blockbuster at box-office. The second half of the movie was reported to have been inspired by the 2015 Canadian movie Wrecker. This film was shot in various parts of North Karnataka region such as Gajendragad of Gadag district.

Wrecker (film)
Wrecker is a 2015 Canadian horror film written and directed by Micheal Bafaro.  It stars Anna Hutchison and Drea Whitburn as friends on a road trip who are menaced by a psychopathic tow truck driver. The plot is very similar to the 1970's movie Duel (1971 film). It premiered on November 6, 2015.
2001 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A
The 2001 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A, known as Brasileirão TAM 2001 for sponsorship reasons, was the 45th edition of the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A. It began on August 1, 2001, and ended on December 23, 2001. Atlético Paranaense won the competition.

Cocito
Thiago Marcelo Silveira Cocito or simply Cocito (born August 24, 1977), is a Brazilian former footballer who last played for Vila Nova-GO.

Cocito previously played for Grêmio and Atletico Paranaense in the Campeonato Brasileiro. He also had a spell with Tenerife in the Spanish Segunda División.
Halltorp
Halltorp was one of the earliest manors on the island of Öland, Sweden, dating from the 11th century AD.  In early documents it is known as Hauldtorp, and it is cited as one of the early Viking Age settlements of Öland.  From early times it has functioned as a royal farm associated with the Swedish Crown and was considered one of the finest hunting preserves on the island.  There is a relict oak forest on the present grounds which contains numerous trees that are centuries old.  Halltorp is in an area rich in history and biodiversity, and most of the southern part of the island of Öland has been designated as a World Heritage Site. The site is adjacent to the perimeter highway, Route 136.

Quercus robur
Quercus robur, the pedunculate (or "English") oak, is a species of flowering plant in the beech and oak family, Fagaceae. It is a large tree, native to most of Europe, North Africa and western Asia, and is widely cultivated in other temperate regions. It grows on soils of near neutral acidity in the lowlands and is notable for its value to natural ecosystems, supporting a very wide diversity of herbivorous insects and other pests, predators and pathogens.
Kathryn Day
Kathryn Day (née Bouleyn, born May 3, 1947) is an American opera singer who has had an active international career spanning five decades. She began her career as a leading soprano under the name Kathryn Bouleyn in the 1970s and 1980s with companies like the New York City Opera, the San Francisco Opera, and the Opera Theatre of Saint Louis. With the latter institution she created the role of Cora in the world premiere of Stephen Paulus' The Postman Always Rings Twice (1982).

In the 1990s Day transitioned to leading mezzo-soprano roles with the aid of companies like the Seattle Opera and the Opéra de Montréal. In 2003 she portrayed Jeanne Loiuse de Pontalba in the world premiere of Thea Musgrave's Pontalba at the New Orleans Opera. She has been a regular presence at the Metropolitan Opera in mainly comprimario roles since 2005. She has appeared on several broadcasts of the Metropolitan Opera Live in HD. She has sometimes been billed as Kathryn Bouleyn Day.

Comprimario
A comprimario is a small supporting role in an opera (or a singer who sings those roles). The word is derived from the Italian "con primario", or "with the primary", meaning that the comprimario role (or singer) is not a principal role (or singer).  The term usually refers to characters who do not sing any full-length arias or long scenes (although mute characters, who do not sing at all, are not considered comprimarios).

Many singers began their careers as comprimario singers; many others end their careers that way when they become too infirm to cope with long roles; some have made a career out of singing such parts.  Among these latter are singers such as Piero de Palma, Anthony Laciura, Jean Kraft, Nico Castel, and Charles Anthony of the Metropolitan Opera; others include Plinio Clabassi, Ernesto Gavazzi and Karl Dönch.
N. C. Vasanthakokilam
Nagapattinam Chandrashekharan Vasanthakokilam (1919 – 7 November 1951) was a Carnatic singer and actress. Her work included the performances of kritis by Tyagaraja and Muthuswami Dikshitar and in the years after Indian independence, she helped popularise the famous mystic poet of Tamil Nadu, Kavi Yogi Maharishi Dr. Shuddhananda Bharati's songs. She died of tuberculosis in 1951.

Shuddhananda Bharati
Kavi Yogi Maharishi Dr. Shuddhananda Bharati (11 May 1897 – 7 March 1990) was an Indian philosopher and poet. His teachings are focused mainly on the search for God in Self, through the Sama Yoga practice he created.
Renal hypoplasia
Renal hypoplasia is a congenital abnormality in which one or both of the kidneys are smaller than normal, resulting in a reduced nephron number but with normal morphology.

It is defined as abnormally small kidneys, where the size is less than two standard deviations below the expected mean for the corresponding demographics, and the morphology is normal. The severity of the disease depends on whether hypoplasia is unilateral or bilateral, and the degree of reduction in the number of nephrons.

Renal cyst
A renal cyst  is a fluid collection in or on the kidney. There are several types based on the Bosniak classification. The majority are benign, simple cysts that can be monitored and not intervened upon. However, some are cancerous or are suspicious for cancer and are commonly removed in a surgical procedure called nephrectomy.

Numerous renal cysts are seen in the cystic kidney diseases, which include polycystic kidney disease and medullary sponge kidney.
ALSA
ALSA or alsa can refer to:

Advanced Linux Sound Architecture, a Linux kernel component

Air Land Sea Application Center, an organization of the United States Department of Defense responsible for developing tactics and procedures

Airline Stewardess Association, a trade union

ALS Association, an American non-profit organization dealing with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or  Lou Gehrig's disease

Alsa (bus company), a bus company based in Spain

Australian Law Students' Association, an Australian law student organisation

An alternative name for harees, a Mappila dish in Kerala, south India

Alsa (French brand), a brand of baking and dessert mixes in France

Association of Flight Attendants
The Association of Flight Attendants-CWA (commonly known as AFA) is a union representing flight attendants in the United States. As of January 2018, AFA represents 50,000 flight attendants at 20 airlines. Since 2004, AFA has been part of the Communications Workers of America (CWA), an affiliate of AFL–CIO. AFA is also an affiliate of the International Transport Workers' Federation.
Ōya Tile Kiln
The Ōya Tile Kiln ruins (大谷瓦窯跡, Ōya kawara kama ato)  is an archaeological site with the ruins of a Hakuho period kiln, located in the Ōya neighborhood of the city of  Higashimatsuyama, Saitama Prefecture in the Kantō region of Japan. It was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1931.

Saitama Prefecture
Saitama Prefecture (埼玉県, Saitama-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [saꜜi.ta.ma, sai.ta.maꜜ.keɴ]) is a landlocked prefecture of Japan located in the Kantō region of Honshu. Saitama Prefecture has a population of 7,338,536 (January 1, 2020) and has a geographic area of 3,797 km2 (1,466 sq mi). Saitama Prefecture borders Tochigi Prefecture and Gunma Prefecture to the north, Nagano Prefecture to the west, Yamanashi Prefecture to the southwest, Tokyo to the south, Chiba Prefecture to the southeast, and Ibaraki Prefecture to the northeast.

Saitama is the capital and largest city of Saitama Prefecture, with other major cities including Kawaguchi, Kawagoe, and Tokorozawa.
Gino Brito
Louis Gino Acocella (born May 18, 1941), better known by his ring name Gino Brito, is a retired Canadian professional wrestler and promoter. He was most popular in Montreal. As Louis Cerdan, he was a WWWF Tag Team Champion with fellow Italian-Canadian wrestler Tony Parisi. He trained another Italian-Canadian wrestler, Dino Bravo.

Canadian International Tag Team Championship
The Canadian International Tag Team Championship was the tag team title in the Montreal-based wrestling promotion Lutte Internationale (International Wrestling). The title lasted from 1976 until Lutte Internationale closed in 1987.
Spring Hill School District (Arkansas)
Spring Hill School District  is a public school district based in unincorporated Hempstead County, Arkansas, United States, with a Hope postal address but outside of the Hope city limits. The school district serves more than 500 students in kindergarten through grade 12 and employs more than 85 faculty and staff on a full time equivalent basis for its two schools.

The school district encompasses 70.29 square miles (182.1 km2) of land in Hempstead County.

Secondary education in the United States
Secondary education is the last six or seven years of statutory formal education in the United States. It reaches the climax with twelfth grade (age 17–18). Whether it begins with sixth grade (age 11–12) or seventh grade (age 12–13) varies by state and sometimes by school district.

Secondary education in the United States occurs in two phases. The first, as classified by the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED), is the lower secondary phase, either called a middle school or junior high school. A middle school is for students sixth grade, seventh grade and eighth grade and a junior high school is only for students in seventh and eighth grade.

The second is the ISCED upper secondary phase, a high school or senior high school for students ninth grade through twelfth grade. There is some debate over the optimum age of transfer, and variation in some states; also, middle school often includes grades that are almost always considered primary school.
Porgy and Bess (Miles Davis album)
Porgy and Bess (CL 1274) is a studio album by the jazz musician Miles Davis, released in March 1959 on Columbia Records. The album features arrangements by Davis and collaborator Gil Evans from George Gershwin's 1935 opera of the same name. The album was recorded in four sessions on July 22, July 29, August 4, and August 18, 1958, at Columbia's 30th Street Studio in New York City. It is the third collaboration between Davis and Evans and has garnered much critical acclaim since its release, being acknowledged by some music critics as the best of their collaborations. Jazz critics have regarded the album as historically important.

Paul Chambers
Paul Laurence Dunbar Chambers Jr. (April 22, 1935 – January 4, 1969) was an American jazz double bassist. A fixture of rhythm sections during the 1950s and 1960s, he has become one of the most widely-known jazz bassists of the hard bop era. He was also known for his bowed solos. Chambers recorded about a dozen albums as a leader or co-leader, and more than 100 as a sideman, especially as the anchor of trumpeter Miles Davis's "first great quintet" (1955–63) and with pianist Wynton Kelly (1963–68).
Otto Kittel
Otto Kittel (21 February 1917 – 14 or 16 February 1945) was an Austrian-born German fighter pilot during World War II. He flew 583 combat missions on the Eastern Front, claiming 267 aerial victories, making him the fourth-highest scoring ace in aviation history according to authors John Weal and Jerry Scutts. Kittel claimed all of his victories against the Red Air Force.

Kittel joined the Luftwaffe in 1939, and, in spring 1941, he was posted to Jagdgeschwader 54 (JG 54—54th Fighter Wing) supporting Army Group North on the Eastern Front. He received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 29 October 1943, for reaching 120 aerial victories. During the remainder of World War II, Kittel was credited with 144 more aerial victories and was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords. He was shot down by Soviet aircraft and killed in February 1945. Kittel was the most successful German fighter pilot to be killed in action.

Soviet Air Forces
The Soviet Air Forces (Russian: Военно-Воздушные Силы Союза Советских Социалистических Республик, romanized: Voenno-Vozdushnye Sily Soyuza Sovetskih Sotsialisticheskih Respublik, lit. 'Military Air Forces of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics'; abbr. VVS SSSR; sometimes referred to as the "Red Air Force") was one of  two air forces belonging to the Soviet Union. The other was the Soviet Air Defence Forces. The Air Forces were formed from components of the Imperial Russian Air Service in 1917, and faced their greatest test during World War II. The groups were also involved in the Korean War, and dissolved along with the Soviet Union itself in 1991–92. Former Soviet Air Forces' assets were subsequently divided into several air forces of former Soviet republics, including the new Russian Air Force. The "March of the Pilots" was its marching song.
Irva Hertz-Picciotto
Irva Hertz-Picciotto (born c. 1948) is an environmental epidemiologist best known for her studies of autism. She is Professor and Chief of the Division of Environmental and Occupational Health in the Department of Public Health Sciences, at the University of California, Davis (UC-Davis). In addition, she is on the Research Faculty of the MIND (Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders) Institute at UC-Davis; the Deputy Director of the UC-Davis Center for Children's Environmental Health; and  on the faculty of the Center for Occupational and Environmental Health of the Universities of California at Berkeley, Davis, and San Francisco.  Hertz-Picciotto serves on the advisory board of the anti-toxic chemical NGO Healthy Child, Healthy World.

Environmental epidemiology
Environmental epidemiology is a branch of epidemiology concerned with determining how environmental exposures impact human health. This field seeks to understand how various external risk factors may predispose to or protect against disease, illness, injury, developmental abnormalities, or death. These factors may be naturally occurring or may be introduced into environments where people live, work, and play.
2015 All-Australian team
The 2015 Virgin Australia All-Australian team represents the best performed Australian Football League (AFL) players during the 2015 season. It was announced on 22 September as a complete Australian rules football team of 22 players. The team is honorary and does not play any games.

2015 AFL season
The 2015 AFL season was the 119th season of the Australian Football League (AFL), the highest level senior Australian rules football competition in Australia, which was known as the Victorian Football League until 1989. The season featured eighteen clubs, ran from 2 April until 3 October, and comprised a 22-game home-and-away season followed by a finals series featuring the top eight clubs.

The premiership was won by the Hawthorn Football Club for the 13th time and third time consecutively, after it defeated West Coast by 46 points in the 2015 AFL Grand Final.

The season was marred by the mid-season death of Adelaide senior coach Phil Walsh, who was the victim of a domestic incident. Adelaide's following match was cancelled.
Berlstedt (Verwaltungsgemeinschaft)
Berlstedt is a former Verwaltungsgemeinschaft in the district Weimarer Land in Thuringia, Germany. The seat of the Verwaltungsgemeinschaft was in Berlstedt. It was disbanded on 31 December 2013, when it was merged with the Verwaltungsgemeinschaft Buttelstedt to form the new Verwaltungsgemeinschaft Nordkreis Weimar.

The Verwaltungsgemeinschaft Berlstedt consisted of the following municipalities:

Ballstedt

Berlstedt

Ettersburg

Krautheim

Neumark

Ramsla

Schwerstedt

Vippachedelhausen

51°03′40″N 11°14′38″E﻿ / ﻿51.061°N 11.244°E﻿ / 51.061; 11.244

Weimarer Land
Weimarer Land is a Landkreis (district) in the east of Thuringia, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from the northeast clockwise) the district Burgenlandkreis in Saxony-Anhalt, the district Saale-Holzland and the district-free city Jena, the district Saalfeld-Rudolstadt, Ilm-Kreis, and the district-free city Erfurt. The district-free city Weimar is completely enclosed by the district.
Xico Sá
Francisco Reginaldo de Sá Menezes, also known as Xico Sá, (born 6 October 1962) is a Brazilian journalist and writer. He was born in Crato, Ceará and grew up in Recife, where he began his career.

An award-winning journalist, Xico Sá is also the author of more than a dozen books, including Big Jato (2012) which was nominated for the São Paulo Prize for Literature.

He has collaborated to the newspapers Folha de S. Paulo, Diário do Nordeste, and  O Tempo, among others. In television, he was a panelist for programs such as Saia Justa and Papo de Segunda for GNT, and Cartão Verde for TV Cultura.

O Tempo
O Tempo is a Brazilian newspaper based in Contagem, in the Greater Belo Horizonte, state of Minas Gerais. The newspaper was created in 1996 by the Italian businessman and politician who became a naturalized Brazilian Vittorio Medioli and is owned by Grupo SADA, through its publisher, Sempre Editora, which also controls the tabloid Super Notícia and a radio station, Rádio Super. O Tempo is the largest newspaper in Minas Gerais and one of the largest in Brazil.
Krysta Svore
Krysta Marie Svore (born 1979) is an American computer scientist specializing in quantum computing. She is the Technical Fellow and Vice President of advanced quantum development for Microsoft Azure Quantum.

She previously led the Azure Quantum software team (formerly the Quantum Architectures and Computation group at Microsoft Research) for Microsoft in Redmond, Washington, developing Azure Quantum and bringing the first quantum computers to the Microsoft Azure cloud.

Formerly she served as the Distinguished Engineer and Vice President of Quantum Software. Beyond quantum computing, she has also worked on research in machine learning.

Microsoft Azure Quantum
Microsoft Azure Quantum is a public cloud-based quantum computing platform developed by Microsoft, that offers quantum hardware, software, and solutions for developers to build quantum applications. It supports  variety of quantum hardware architectures from partners including Quantinuum, IonQ, and Atom Computing. To run applications on the cloud platform, Microsoft developed the Q# quantum programming language.

Azure Quantum also includes a platform for scientific research, Azure Quantum Elements. It uses artificial intelligence, high-performance computing and quantum processors to run molecular simulations and calculations in computational chemistry and materials science.

Azure Quantum was first announced at Microsoft Ignite in 2019. The platform was opened for public preview in 2021, and Azure Quantum Elements was launched in 2023.
Haim Harari
Haim Harari (Hebrew: חיים הררי; born 18 November 1940) is an Israeli theoretical physicist who has made contributions in particle physics, science education, and other fields. He was the President of the Weizmann Institute of Science from 1988 to 2001.

Science education
Science education is the teaching and learning of science to school children, college students, or adults within the general public. The field of science education includes work in science content, science process (the scientific method), some social science, and some teaching pedagogy. The standards for science education provide expectations for the development of understanding for students through the entire course of their K-12 education and beyond. The traditional subjects included in the standards are physical, life, earth, space, and human sciences.