hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Start (Rina Aiuchi song)
"Start" (stylized as "START") is a song by Japanese singer-songwriter Rina Aiuchi. It was released on 26 May 2004 through Giza Studio, as the second single from her fourth studio album Playgirl. The song reached number eight in Japan and has sold over 42,833 copies nationwide. The song served as the theme song to the Japanese animated series, Case Closed.

Playgirl (album)
Playgirl is the fourth studio album by Japanese singer and songwriter Rina Aiuchi. It was released on December 15, 2004, through Giza Studio. The album consists of three previous released singles, such as Dream×Dream, Start and Boom-Boom-Boom. The first press release included bonus track "DreamXDream-Love&Wishes Version-". The album charted at #7 on the Oricon charts in its first week. It charted for eight weeks.
Lepteutypa cupressi
Lepteutypa cupressi is a plant pathogen which causes a disease ("Cypress canker") in Cupressus, Thuja, and related conifer types.

The name Seiridium cupressi (formerly Coryneum cupressi) is for the anamorph of this fungus, that is, it is used for the asexual form.  Now that it is known to have a sexual stage the genus name Lepteutypa should take precedence.

Plant disease
Plant diseases are diseases in plants caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). Organisms that cause infectious disease include fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, viruses, viroids, virus-like organisms, phytoplasmas, protozoa, nematodes and parasitic plants. Not included are ectoparasites like insects, mites, vertebrates, or other pests that affect plant health by eating plant tissues and causing injury that may admit plant pathogens. The study of plant disease is called plant pathology.
Contemporary Education Dialogue
Contemporary Education Dialogue is an open forum for discussing issues in education. It is published twice a year by SAGE Publishing in association with the Education Dialogue Trust. The journal is a member of the Committee on Publication Ethics. It is edited by Shailaja Menon and Disha Nawani.

Committee on Publication Ethics
The Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) is a nonprofit organization whose stated mission is to define best practice in the ethics of scholarly publishing and to assist editors and publishers to achieve this.
Na Gaeil GAA
Na Gaeil are a Gaelic games club from the town of Tralee in County Kerry, Ireland. The club was founded in 1979 (1979), as a fourth club for its town.

Na Gaeil won the Kerry Intermediate Club Championship in 2021, meaning the club would participate for the first time in the Kerry Senior Football Championship in 2022. The club secured its first win at that level in its opening game, against Kenmare in Killarney.

Notable players in the club's short history include 2022 All-Ireland SFC winners Jack Barry, Diarmuid O'Connor and Stefan Okunbor.

Na Gaeil won the All-Ireland Junior Club Football Championship in 2020, defeating Rathgarogue-Cushinstown of Wexford in the final at Croke Park.

The club qualified for the final of the 2021 Munster Intermediate Club Football Championship, defeating Drom & Inch by a single point in the semi-final. Na Gaeil won the Munster title but lost its All-Ireland Intermediate Club Football Championship semi-final to Steelstown.

Tralee
Tralee (/trəˈliː/ trə-LEE; Irish: Trá Lí, pronounced [t̪ˠɾˠaː(j) ˈl̠ʲiː]; formerly Tráigh Lí, meaning 'strand [of the River] Lee') is the county town of County Kerry in the south-west of Ireland. The town is on the northern side of the neck of the Dingle Peninsula, and is the largest town in County Kerry. The town's population was 26,079 as of the 2022 census, making it the 15th largest urban settlement in Ireland. Tralee is known for the Rose of Tralee International Festival, which has been held annually in August since 1959.
Map (higher-order function)
In many programming languages, map is a higher-order function that applies a given function to each element of a collection, e.g. a list or set, returning the results in a collection of the same type.  It is often called apply-to-all when considered in functional form.

The concept of a map is not limited to lists: it works for sequential containers, tree-like containers, or even abstract containers such as futures and promises.

Procedural parameter
In computing, a procedural parameter is a parameter of a procedure that is itself a procedure.

This concept is an extremely powerful and versatile programming tool, because it allows programmers to modify certain steps of a library procedure in arbitrarily complicated ways, without having to understand or modify the code of that procedure.

This tool is particularly effective and convenient in languages that support local function definitions, such as Pascal and the modern GNU dialect of C. It is even more so when function closures are available.  The same functionality (and more) is provided by objects in object oriented programming languages, but at a significantly higher cost.

Procedural parameters are somewhat related to the concepts of first-class function and anonymous function, but is distinct from them.  These two concepts have more to do with how functions are defined, rather than how they are used.
G-A-Y (album)
G-A-Y was a 40-track compilation album which was released by London Records in the UK on Monday 3 July 2000. The album featured songs by 40 different artists who had appeared at London club G-A-Y, and was released on CD and cassette.

Shola Ama
Shola Ama (born 8 March 1979) is a British singer from London, who scored her biggest hits with "You Might Need Somebody" (1997), a cover of Randy Crawford's 1981 hit, "You're the One I Love" and "Still Believe" (1999) which was one of the first productions by the Norwegian producing team Stargate.
French ship Écluse (1764)
Écluse was a gabarre launched at le Havre in 1764 for the French Navy. The navy lent her out to private parties who made one voyage as a slave ship (1770–1771), in the triangular trade in enslaved persons. She then returned to naval service. In May 1779 she participated in the unsuccessful invasion of Jersey; a British naval squadron succeeded in capturing or destroying much of the French squadron, and burnt Écluse. She was recovered and returned to service. In 1782, after the end of the war, the navy lent her out to serve as a merchantman. She was decommissioned in 1788.

Slave ship
Slave ships were large cargo ships specially built or converted from the 17th to the 19th century for transporting slaves. Such ships were also known as "Guineamen" because the trade involved human trafficking to and from the Guinea coast in West Africa.
Gustav von Rohden
Gustav von Rohden (22 April 1855 in Barmen – 9 May 1942 in Ballenstedt) was a German clergyman and the author of books on various social issues (the welfare of former prisoners, sexual ethics, etc.).

From 1882 he served as a pastor in Helsingfors (Helsinki), Finland. After returning to Germany, he worked as a prison chaplain in Dortmund (from 1895). Beginning in 1908 he held the position of Konsistorialrat in Berlin, and in 1912 became a pastor in the town of Spören, near Bitterfeld. From 1919 to 1923 he was director of the Frauenschule der Inneren Mission (Women's School of the Inner Mission) in Berlin.

He was the son of theologian Ludwig von Rohden (1815–1889) and the brother of archaeologist Hermann von Rohden (1852–1916) and historian Paul von Rohden (1862–1939).

Bitterfeld
Bitterfeld (German pronunciation: [ˈbɪtɐfɛlt] ⓘ) is a town in the district of Anhalt-Bitterfeld, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 July 2007 it has been part of the town of Bitterfeld-Wolfen. It is situated approximately 25 km south of Dessau, and 30 km northeast of Halle (Saale).
COSMOS field
The COSMOS field, or the Cosmic Evolution Survey Deep Field, is a stitched photograph of deep space, which was photographed with the Hubble Space Telescope's Advanced Camera for Surveys in segments from 2003 to 2005, and was supported by several other ground-based and space-based telescopes. It was the capstone of the COSMOS project, which aimed to observe and study how galaxies are affected by celestial environments.

Image stitching
Image stitching or photo stitching is the process of combining multiple photographic images with overlapping fields of view to produce a segmented panorama or high-resolution image. Commonly performed through the use of computer software, most approaches to image stitching require nearly exact overlaps between images and identical exposures to produce seamless results, although some stitching algorithms actually benefit from differently exposed images by doing high-dynamic-range imaging in regions of overlap. Some digital cameras can stitch their photos internally.
12 Yard
12 Yard Productions (Investments) Limited, trading as 12 Yard, is a British television production company. It was founded in 2001 as a joint-venture between David Young and the creative team behind the worldwide hit Weakest Link and Hat Trick Productions.

12 Yard has gone on to become one of the world's most successful entertainment format creators, producing hit formats including the BBC's long-running early evening quiz Eggheads, Saturday night BBC One lottery formats The National Lottery: In it to Win it and Who Dares Wins!, primetime feel-good format Holding out for a Hero, Take on the Twisters and Big Star's Little Star for ITV, and Coach Trip, Celebrity Coach Trip  and Christmas Coach Trip for Channel 4.

On 5 December 2007, it was confirmed that ITV plc had acquired 12 Yard for £35 million.

On 22 October 2024, ITV announced that it would plan to close the studio at the end of the year, with its IPs and shows being transitioned off to other ITV Studios subsidiaries.

Holding Out for a Hero (game show)
Holding Out for a Hero is an ITV entertainment programme in which contestants won't win money for themselves, but for somebody else, who they considered to be their hero. The show is presented by Gethin Jones. Every week, three contestants compete to win a huge sum of money for a charity close to their heart.
Juziyah
Juziyah (Arabic: الجوزية) also called Jurniyah (Arabic: الجرنية) is a Syrian village located on the Orontes River in the Subdistrict of the Hama District in the Hama Governorate. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Juziyah had a population of 2,434 in the 2004 census.

Orontes River
The Orontes (/ɔːˈrɒntiːz/; from Ancient Greek Ὀρόντης, Oróntēs) or Nahr al-ʿĀṣī, or simply Asi (Arabic: العاصي, romanized: al-‘Āṣī, IPA: [alˈʕaːsˤiː]; Turkish: Asi) is a 571 kilometres (355 mi) long river in West Asia that begins in Lebanon, flowing northwards through Syria before entering the Mediterranean Sea near Samandağ in Hatay Province, Turkey.

As the chief river of the northern Levant, the Orontes has been the site of many major battles including the Battle of Kadesh (13th century BCE), and water distribution remains a controversial issue between the countries in the region. Among the most important cities on the river are Homs, Hama, Jisr al-Shughur, and Antakya (the ancient Antioch, which was also known as "Antioch on the Orontes").
County of Rietberg
The County of Rietberg (German: Grafschaft Rietberg) was a state of the Holy Roman Empire, located in the present-day German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It was situated on the upper Ems in Westphalia, between the Prince-Bishopric of Paderborn and the Prince-Bishopric of Münster. It existed as an independent territory from 1237 to 1807, when it was mediatised to the Kingdom of Westphalia.

Ems (river)
The Ems (German: Ems [ɛms] ⓘ; Dutch: Eems [eːms] ⓘ) is a river in northwestern Germany. It runs through the states of North Rhine-Westphalia and Lower Saxony, and discharges into the Dollart Bay which is part of the Wadden Sea. Its total length is 362.4 kilometres (225.2 mi). The state border between the Lower Saxon area of East Friesland (Germany) and the province of Groningen (Netherlands), whose exact course was the subject of a border dispute between Germany and the Netherlands (settled in 2014), runs through the Ems estuary.
Rosalio Muñoz
Rosalio Muñoz (born 1938) is a Chicano activist who is most recognized for his anti-war and anti-police brutality organizing with the Chicano Moratorium against the Vietnam War. On August 29, 1970, Muñoz and fellow Chicano activist Ramses Noriega organized a peaceful march in East Los Angeles, California in which over 30,000 Mexican Americans were in attendance to protest the war in Vietnam. The event became a site of police brutality after sheriffs attacked and tear gassed the crowd, leading to the deaths of three people, including Muñoz's friend and Chicano journalist Ruben Salazar.

Brown Berets
The Brown Berets (Spanish: Los Boinas Cafés) is a Chicano paramilitary organization that emerged during the Chicano Movement in the United States during the late 1960s. David Sanchez and Carlos Montes co-founded the group modeled after the Black Panther Party. The Brown Berets was part of the Third World Liberation Front. It worked for educational reform, farmworkers' rights, and against police brutality and the Vietnam War. It also sought to separate the American Southwest from the control of the United States government.

The Brown Berets' high visibility and paramilitary stance made it a key target for infiltration and harassment by local police, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), and other law enforcement agencies. The majority of the Brown Berets' chapters disbanded in 1972. Several groups reformed and became active after the passage of California Proposition 187 in 1994.
2024 Iranian legislative election
Legislative elections were held in Iran on 1 March 2024 for the first round, and on 10 May 2024 for the second round.

They were held four years after the previous election in 2020. The election had a preregistration for the first time as a result of a 2023 law. Elections to the Assembly of Experts took place concurrently with the legislative elections.

The elections had most moderate and reformist figures disqualified from polls. Additionally, there was a historic low voter turnout of 41%, with 5% of the ballots cast being deemed "invalid".

Guardian Council
The Guardian Council (also called Council of Guardians or Constitutional Council, Persian: شورای نگهبان, romanized: Shourā-ye Negahbān) is a 12-member council that wields considerable power and influence in the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Per the Constitution of Iran, the council has three mandates, namely having a veto power over legislation passed by the Islamic Consultative Assembly, supervising elections, and approving or disqualifying candidates seeking to run in local, parliamentary, presidential, or Assembly of Experts elections.

The Council is composed of Islamic clerics and lawyers. Membership is for phased six-year terms: half the membership changes every three years. The Supreme Leader of Iran directly appoints the six clerics, and may dismiss them at will. The Chief Justice of Iran nominates six lawyers for confirmation by the Islamic Consultative Assembly.
First government of Alfonso Rueda
The government of Alfonso Rueda was formed on 16 May 2022, following the latter's election as President of Galicia by the Parliament of Galicia on 12 May and his swearing-in on 14 May, after the resignation of the former president Alberto Núñez Feijóo in April. It succeeded the fourth Feijóo government and was the incumbent Government of Galicia since 16 May 2022 until 15 April 2024, a total or 1 year, 10 months and 30 days.

The cabinet was composed of members of the PP and a number of independents.

Parliament of Galicia
The Parliament of Galicia (Galician: Parlamento de Galicia) is the unicameral legislature of the autonomous community of Galicia, Spain. It is formed by 75 deputies (deputados). Deputies are elected every four years in ordinary period, or extraordinarily upon dissolution and call of elections by the President of the Xunta of Galicia, by universal suffrage in proportional lists with the four Galician provinces serving as constituencies.
Elusive
"Elusive" was the first single for British singer-songwriter Scott Matthews and was released on 18 September 2006. The single received much airplay from BBC Radio DJs Jo Whiley, Dermot O'Leary and Zane Lowe between 7 and 10 August. Lowe also played "Elusive" once each night as his chosen Single of the Week. Matthews also visited the station to perform "Elusive" and other songs from the album in May and August 2006. In May 2007, he won the Ivor Novello Award for "Best Song Musically and Lyrically" which saw "Elusive" beat strong competition from the likes of the Arctic Monkeys.

The track was used in 2008 by UK television company Channel 4 for the advertising campaign surrounding the final season of The Sopranos, which aired exclusively on their digital channel E4.

"Elusive" was covered by Lianne La Havas on her 2012 debut LP Is Your Love Big Enough?.

E4 (TV channel)
E4 is a British free-to-air public broadcast television channel owned and operated by Channel Four Television Corporation. The "E" stands for entertainment and the channel is primarily aimed at the 16–34 age group (similarly to BBC Three and ITV2).

Programmes currently shown on the channel include Hollyoaks, Made in Chelsea, Coach Trip (and its Halloween spin-off Celebrity Ghost Trip),  The most successful broadcast of the channel to date was on 11 October 2010 when an episode of The Inbetweeners received over 3.7 million viewers.
Knesselare
Knesselare (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈknɛsəˌlaːrə]) is a village and deelgemeente in the municipality of Aalter and a former municipality located in the Belgian province of East Flanders. The municipality comprised the towns of Knesselare proper and Ursel.

The municipality's name is derived from the Germanic words "klisse" (herb) and "laar", (a soggy brushwood terrain), and was first attested in 1128.

Knesselare became an independent parish in 1171. It was originally a village heerlijkheid, but during the rule of Louis II, Count of Flanders (1330–1384), the area had been split into four different administrations. Until the 19th century, large parts of the municipality still contains forests and heaths.

On 1 August 2015, Knesselare had a total population of 8,171. The total area was 37.27 km² which gives a population density of 219 inhabitants per km².

Effective 1 January 2019, the municipality was merged into Aalter.

Deelgemeente
A deelgemeente (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈdeːlɣəˌmeːntə] ⓘ, literally sub-municipality), or section (French pronunciation: [sɛksjɔ̃] ⓘ), is a subdivision of a municipality in Belgium and, until March 2014, in the Netherlands as well.
Phosphoric acid
Phosphoric acid (orthophosphoric acid, monophosphoric acid or phosphoric(V) acid) is a colorless, odorless phosphorus-containing solid, and inorganic compound with the chemical formula H3PO4. It is commonly encountered as an 85% aqueous solution, which is a colourless, odourless, and non-volatile syrupy liquid. It is a major industrial chemical, being a component of many fertilizers.

The compound is an acid. Removal of all three H+ ions gives the phosphate ion PO3−4. Removal of one or two protons gives dihydrogen phosphate ion H2PO−4, and the hydrogen phosphate ion HPO2−4, respectively. Phosphoric acid forms esters, called organophosphates.

The name "orthophosphoric acid" can be used to distinguish this specific acid from other "phosphoric acids", such as pyrophosphoric acid. Nevertheless, the term "phosphoric acid" often means this specific compound; and that is the current IUPAC nomenclature.

IUPAC nomenclature of chemistry
IUPAC nomenclature is a set of recommendations for naming chemical compounds and for describing chemistry and biochemistry in general. The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) is the international authority on chemical nomenclature and terminology.
Jammaz ibn Shihah
Izz al-Dīn Abū Sanad Jammāz ibn Shīḥah ibn Hāshim al-Ḥusaynī (Arabic: عز الدين أبو سند جماز بن شيحة بن هاشم الحسيني) was the Husaynid Emir of Medina from 1259 to 1300/1 or 1302/3, and likely as co-emir or at least deputy of his brother Munif from 1251/2 on. He ruled, with a brief interruption in 1267/8, until 1300/1 or 1302/3. In the 1270s anengaged, he engaged in repeated attempts to capture the rival Emirate of Mecca to the south from its ruler, Abu Numayy Muhammad ibn Abi Sa'd. He succeeded briefly in 1271 and again in 1288, but was able to hold the city only for a few months. Incapacitated by blindness and advanced age, he handed over power to his son, Mansur, before dying in November/December 1304.

Husaynids
The Husaynids (Arabic: بنو الحسين, romanized: Banū al-Ḥusayn or حسینیون, Ḥusayniyyūn) are a branch of the Alids who are descendants of Husayn ibn Ali, a grandson of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. It is one of the two main branches of the ashrāf (the other being the descendants of Husyan's brother Hasan, the Hasanids).
Patuxent River State Park
Patuxent River State Park is a public recreation area located along the upper reaches of the Patuxent River in Howard and Montgomery counties in Maryland. The state park features hunting, fishing, mountain biking, horseback riding, and hiking on unsigned and untended trails. Planning for the park began in 1963, with the Maryland General Assembly funding land purchases in each year from 1964 to 1968. It is part of the Northeastern coastal forests ecoregion.

Patuxent River
The Patuxent River is a tributary of the Chesapeake Bay in the state of Maryland.  There are three main river drainages for central Maryland:  the Potomac River to the west passing through Washington, D.C., the Patapsco River to the northeast passing through Baltimore, and the Patuxent River between the two.  The 908-square-mile (2,352 km2) Patuxent watershed had a rapidly growing population of 590,769 in 2000. It is the largest and longest river entirely within Maryland, and its watershed is the largest completely within the state.
Mesquite flour
Mesquite flour is made from the dried and ground pods of the mesquite (some Prosopis spp.), a tree that grows throughout Mexico and the southwestern US in arid and drought-prone climates. The flour made from the long, beige-colored seedpods has a sweet, slightly nutty flavor and can be used in a wide variety of applications. It has a high-protein, low-glycemic content and can serve as a gluten-free replacement for flours that contain gluten.

In the past, indigenous Americans relied on mesquite pods as an important food source. The bean pods of the mesquite tree are dried and ground into a flour.  This flour is rich in dietary fiber (25%) and protein (13%), and it is low in fat (around 3%). It also contains significant quantities of calcium, magnesium, potassium, iron, zinc, and the amino acid lysine.

High-protein diet
A high-protein diet is a diet in which 40% or more of the total daily calories come from protein. Many high protein diets are high in saturated fat and restrict intake of carbohydrates.

Example foods in a high-protein diet include lean beef, chicken or poultry, pork, salmon and tuna, eggs, and soy.  High-protein diets are often utilized in the context of fat loss and muscle building. High-protein fad diets, such as the Atkins diet and Protein Power, have been criticized for promoting misconceptions about carbohydrates, insulin resistance and ketosis.