hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Disciple (Christianity)
In Christianity, a disciple is a dedicated follower of Jesus. This term is found in the New Testament only in the Gospels and Acts. Originating in the ancient Near East, the concept of a disciple is an adherent of a teacher. Discipleship is not the same as being a student in the modern sense; a disciple in the ancient biblical world actively imitated both the life and teaching of the master. It was a deliberate apprenticeship which made the fully formed disciple a living copy of the master.

The New Testament records many followers of Jesus during his ministry. Some disciples were given a mission, such as the Little Commission, the commission of the seventy in Luke's Gospel, the Great Commission after the resurrection of Jesus, or the conversion of Paul, making them apostles, charged with proclaiming the gospel (the Good News) to the world. Jesus emphasised that being his disciples would be costly.

Mary of Clopas
According to the Gospel of John, Mary of Clopas (Ancient Greek: Μαρία ἡ τοῦ Κλωπᾶ, María hē toû Clōpâ) was one of the women present at the crucifixion of Jesus and bringing supplies for his funeral. The expression Mary of Clopas in the Greek text is ambiguous as to whether Mary was the daughter or wife of Clopas, but exegesis has commonly favoured the reading "wife of Clopas". Hegesippus identified Clopas as a brother of Joseph. In the latest official edition of the  Roman Martyrology of the Catholic Church she is commemorated with Salome on April 24.

Along with Mary Magdalene and "Mary" Salome, Mary of Clopas is known as one of the Three Marys at the tomb of Jesus. Her relics are said to be in France at the Church of the Saintes Maries de la Mer.
2008 in Philippine television
The following is a list of events affecting Philippine television in 2008. Events listed include television show debuts, finales, cancellations, and channel launches, closures and rebrandings, as well as information about controversies and carriage disputes.

TV5 (Philippine TV network)
TV5 is a Philippine free-to-air commercial broadcast television and radio network based in Mandaluyong, Metro Manila, with additional studios and transmitter facilities in Novaliches, Quezon City, serving as the flagship property of TV5 Network Inc., which owns and operates the network, is a subsidiary of MediaQuest Holdings, which is controlled by telecommunications company PLDT, Inc.

TV5's main television station, DWET-TV, broadcasts on VHF Channel 5 for analogue broadcasting, UHF Channel 18 for digital, and UHF Channel 51 for digital test transmission. The latter is licensed to its sister company, Mediascape/Cignal TV. The network owns and operates seven TV stations and has 14 selected affiliate stations across the Philippines.

TV5's programming is available throughout the Philippines, and its content can be accessed internationally via satellite through Kapatid Channel International, AksyonTV International, and PBA Rush.
2-bridge knot
In the mathematical field of knot theory, a 2-bridge knot is a knot which can be regular isotoped so that the natural height function given by the z-coordinate has only two maxima and two minima as critical points. Equivalently, these are the knots with bridge number 2, the smallest possible bridge number for a nontrivial knot. Every nontrivial knot with up to seven crossings is a 2-bridge knot. The simplest knots with a bridge number of 3 have eight crossings. Of the 1,701,936 knots with up to sixteen crossings, 5,546 are 2-bridge knots.

Other names for 2-bridge knots are rational knots, 4-plats, and Viergeflechte (German for 'four braids'). 2-bridge links are defined similarly as above, but each component will have one min and max. 2-bridge knots were classified by Horst Schubert, using the fact that the 2-sheeted branched cover of the 3-sphere over the knot is a lens space.

Regular isotopy
In the mathematical subject of knot theory, regular isotopy is the equivalence relation of link diagrams that is generated by using the 2nd and 3rd Reidemeister moves only.  The notion of regular isotopy was introduced by Louis Kauffman (Kauffman 1990). It can be thought of as an isotopy of a ribbon pressed flat against the plane which keeps the ribbon flat.  For diagrams in the plane this is a finer equivalence relation than ambient isotopy of framed links, since the 2nd and 3rd Reidemeister moves preserve the winding number of the diagram (Kauffman 1990, pp. 450ff.).  However, for diagrams in the sphere (considered as the plane plus infinity), the two notions are equivalent, due to the extra freedom of passing a strand through infinity.
1st Suffolk and Harwich Volunteer Artillery
The 1st Suffolk & Harwich Volunteer Artillery, later the Essex & Suffolk Royal Garrison Artillery was an auxiliary coastal artillery unit of the British Army first raised in 1899. It defended the ports and naval bases (the Haven ports) around the estuaries of the Rivers Orwell and Stour. Although the unit saw no active service, it supplied trained gunners to siege batteries engaged on the Western Front during World War I. It was greatly expanded in World War II to defend the invasion-threatened East Anglian Coast from Harwich to Great Yarmouth. Postwar it continued in the coast and air defence roles until it disappeared in a series of amalgamations from the 1950s.

Volunteer Force
The Volunteer Force was a citizen army of part-time rifle, artillery and engineer corps, created as a popular movement throughout the British Empire in 1859. Originally highly autonomous, the units of volunteers became increasingly integrated with the British Army after the Childers Reforms in 1881, before forming part of the Territorial Force in 1908. Most of the regiments of the present Army Reserves  Infantry, Artillery, Engineers and Signals units are directly descended from Volunteer Force units.
Šlapaberžė
Šlapaberžė (formerly Polish: Szłapoburże, Szłapoberże, Szłapoberż, Szłapobierże, Ludwików, Russian: Шлапоберже) is a village in Kėdainiai district municipality, in Kaunas County, in central Lithuania. According to the 2011 census, the village has a population of 616 people. The village is located by the Kruostas river, 7 km from Akademija. The village has the Catholic Church of Christ, a former manor with a park, and a wayside chapel.

Akademija, Kėdainiai
Akademija is a town in the Kėdainiai district municipality, in Kaunas County, central Lithuania. It lies on the left bank of the Dotnuvėlė river. According to the 2011 census, the village had a population of 752.
The Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry is located here. In 2018, the centre employed 545 people, including 187 researchers, and had 56 doctoral students. In Akademija, there is a Dotnuva manor and a large park.
Panis angelicus
Panis angelicus (Latin for "Bread of Angels" or "Angelic Bread") is the penultimate stanza of the hymn "Sacris solemniis" written by Saint Thomas Aquinas for the feast of Corpus Christi as part of a complete liturgy of the feast, including prayers for the Mass and the Liturgy of the Hours.

The strophe of "Sacris solemniis" that begins with the words Panis angelicus ("bread of angels") has often been set to music separately from the rest of the hymn. Most famously, in 1872 César Franck set this strophe for tenor voice, harp, cello, and organ, and incorporated it into his Messe à trois voix.

Other hymns for Corpus Christi by Saint Thomas where sections have been separately set to music are "Verbum supernum prodiens" (the last two strophes begin with "O salutaris hostia") and "Pange lingua gloriosi" (the last two strophes begin with "Tantum ergo").

Tantum ergo
"Tantum ergo" is the incipit of the last two verses of Pange lingua, a Medieval Latin hymn composed by St Thomas Aquinas circa A.D. 1264. The "Genitori genitoque" and "Procedenti ab utroque" portions are adapted from Adam of Saint Victor's sequence for Pentecost. The hymn's Latin incipit literally translates to "Therefore so great".

The singing of the Tantum ergo occurs during adoration and benediction of the Blessed Sacrament in the Catholic Church and other denominations that have this devotion. It is usually sung, though solemn recitation is sometimes done, and permitted.
Qinar-e Olya
Qinar-e Olya (Persian: قينرعليا, also Romanized as Qīnar-e ‘Olyā; also known as Qīz-e Bālā) is a village in Sokmanabad Rural District, Safayyeh District, Khoy County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 184, in 30 families.

Sokmanabad Rural District
Sokmanabad Rural District (Persian: دهستان سكمن آباد) is in Safayyeh District of Khoy County, West Azerbaijan province, Iran. It is administered from the city of Zarabad. The district is named after Sökmen II.
Court End
37°32′38″N 77°25′53″W﻿ / ﻿37.54389°N 77.43139°W﻿ / 37.54389; -77.43139

Court End is a neighborhood in Richmond, Virginia, that sits to the north of the Capitol Square and East Broad Street. It developed in the Federal era, after Virginia's capital moved from Williamsburg.

Virginia State Capitol
The Virginia State Capitol is the seat of state government of the Commonwealth of Virginia, located in Richmond, the state capital. It houses the oldest elected legislative body in North America, the Virginia General Assembly, first established as the House of Burgesses in 1619.

The Capitol was conceived of by Thomas Jefferson and Charles-Louis Clérisseau in France, based on the Maison Carrée in Nîmes. Construction began in 1785 and was completed in 1788. The current Capitol is the eighth built to serve as Virginia's statehouse, primarily due to fires during the Colonial period. The building also served as the capitol of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War from 1861 to 1865. In the early 20th century, two wings were added, leading to its present appearance. In 1960, it was designated a National Historic Landmark.
Amigos (restaurant chain)
Amigos is a fast-food Mexican restaurant chain founded in Lincoln, Nebraska. The first location opened at 5500 'O' Street on June 17, 1980. Currently, there are 30 Amigos restaurants in multiple cities. Amigos is one of two regional restaurant chains that serves "Cheese Frenchees", a regional delicacy created by the Lincoln-based chain King's Food Host in the 1950s.

King's Food Host
King's Food Host was a fast food chain restaurant that operated in the United States from 1955–1974. It was founded in Lincoln, Nebraska by Larry and Esther Price and James King. At its peak, King's operated 150 stores across 17 midwestern states and Manitoba, often near universities.
Mikel Merino
Mikel Merino Zazón (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈmikel meˈɾino]; born 22 June 1996) is a Spanish professional footballer who plays mainly as a midfielder and occasionally as a striker for Premier League club Arsenal and the Spain national team.

He began his career with Osasuna, and had short spells at Borussia Dortmund and Newcastle United before signing for Real Sociedad in 2018, winning the 2019–20 Copa del Rey with the club while totalling 242 appearances and 27 goals. In August 2024, he joined Premier League side Arsenal.

Merino represented Spain in two European Under-21 Championships, winning the 2019 edition. He made his senior debut in 2020, being selected for Euro 2024 and winning the tournament.

2015 UEFA European Under-19 Championship
The 2015 UEFA European Under-19 Championship was the 14th edition of the UEFA European Under-19 Championship (64th edition if the Under-18 and Junior eras are included), the annual European youth football competition contested by the men's under-19 national teams of the member associations of UEFA. Greece hosted the tournament. Players born on or after 1 January 1996 were eligible to participate in this competition.
Ertatsminda Cathedral
The Ertatsminda Cathedral of Eustathius of Mtskheta (Georgian: ერთაწმინდის ტაძარი) is a medieval Georgian Orthodox cathedral in Kaspi District, the Shida Kartli region, Georgia. It is situated in the centre of the village Ertatsminda.

The Orthodox cathedral was built in the 13th century. The Ertatsminda cathedral stylistically resembles the other Georgian churches of the 12th-13th Centuries: Ikorta church, Pitareti, Betania, Kvatakhevi and Tsughrughasheni.

Ikorta church
The Ikorta church of the Archangel (Georgian: იკორთის მთავარანგელოზის ტაძარი), commonly known as Ikorta (იკორთა) is a 12th-century Georgian Orthodox church located at the outskirts of the village Ikort’a in Shida Kartli region of eastern Georgia. The church was originally a part of Ikorta castle, from which only the citadel and the church remain.
Dissipative soliton
Dissipative solitons (DSs) are stable solitary localized structures (solitons) that arise in nonlinear spatially extended dissipative systems due to mechanisms of self-organization. They can be considered as an extension of the classical soliton concept in conservative systems. An alternative terminology includes autosolitons, spots and pulses.

Apart from aspects similar to the behavior of classical particles like the formation of bound states, DSs exhibit interesting behavior – e.g. scattering, creation and annihilation – all without the constraints of energy or momentum
conservation. The excitation of internal degrees of freedom may result in a dynamically stabilized intrinsic speed, or periodic oscillations of the shape.

John Scott Russell
John Scott Russell (9 May 1808, Parkhead, Glasgow – 8 June 1882, Ventnor, Isle of Wight) was a Scottish civil engineer, naval architect and shipbuilder who built Great Eastern in collaboration with Isambard Kingdom Brunel. He made the discovery of the wave of translation that gave birth to the modern study of solitons, and developed the wave-line system of ship construction.

Russell was a promoter of the Great Exhibition of 1851.
Belgium–Rwanda relations
Belgium–Rwanda relations refer to the international and diplomatic relations between Belgium and Rwanda.

Belgian relations with Rwanda started under the League of Nations mandate when the modern-day countries of Rwanda and Burundi were governed as Ruanda-Urundi.

As the colonial power, Rwanda's relationship with Belgium has been significant throughout the country's history, even after independence.

Kingdom of Burundi
The Kingdom of Burundi (French: Royaume du Burundi), also known as Kingdom of Urundi (Kirundi: Ubwami bw'Urundi), was a Bantu kingdom in the modern-day Republic of Burundi. The Ganwa monarchs (with the title of mwami) ruled over both Hutus and Tutsis. Created in the 16th century, the kingdom was preserved under German and Belgian colonial rule in the late 19th and early 20th century and was an independent state between 1962 and 1966.
Gaslamp Quarter station
Gaslamp Quarter station is a station of the Green and Silver Lines on the San Diego Trolley. It is located in the Gaslamp Quarter section of the city and serves the surrounding trendy neighborhood. A variety of entertainment destinations and restaurants, as well as Petco Park, are accessible from the station.

This station opened June 30, 1990 as part of the Orange Line's (then called the East Line) Bayside Extension; it should not be confused with the original Gaslamp (North) station that opened in 1981 and was permanently renamed the Fifth Avenue station in 1986.

The station remained open while undergoing renovations from February through July 2013, as part of the Trolley Renewal Project.

On September 2, 2012, service to this station by the Orange Line was replaced by the Green Line as part of a system redesign.

Gaslamp Quarter, San Diego
The Gaslamp Quarter is a historic neighborhood in downtown San Diego, California. It extends from Broadway to Harbor Drive and from 4th to 6th Avenue. The neighborhood is listed as a historic district on the National Register of Historic Places as the Gaslamp Quarter Historic District. It includes over 90 historic buildings, most of which were constructed in the Victorian era; many are in use as restaurants, shops, entertainment venues, and nightclubs.

The Gaslamp Quarter is known for its nightlife. It is the site of various events and festivals, including Mardi Gras in the Gaslamp, Taste of Gaslamp, and ShamROCK, a St. Patrick's Day event. Petco Park, home of the San Diego Padres, is one block away in the East Village neighborhood.
Kōichi Fukaura
Kōichi Fukaura (深浦 康市, Fukaura Kōichi; born February 14, 1972) is a Japanese professional shogi player ranked 9-dan. He is a three-time winner of the Ōi tournament, and also a former member of the Japan Shogi Association's board of directors.

Ōshō (shogi)
Ōshō (王将, ōshō) is one of the eight titles in Japanese professional shogi. The tournament is co-sponsored by Sports Nippon and the Mainichi Shimbun with additional support received from ALSOK and the Igo & Shogi Channel.

The word also refers to the piece called the "King" in shogi.
Greenwood, El Dorado County, California
38°53′48″N 120°54′46″W﻿ / ﻿38.89667°N 120.91278°W﻿ / 38.89667; -120.91278

Greenwood (formerly Long Valley, Green Valley, Lewisville, and Louisville) is an unincorporated community in El Dorado County, California. It is located 4 miles (6.4 km) west of Georgetown, at an elevation of 1608 feet (490 m).

The place was originally called Long Valley, then Green Valley, then Lewisville, and finally Greenwood, in honor of John Greenwood who set up a trading post there in 1848.  The Louisville post office operated from 1851 to 1852, when it was moved and renamed to Greenwood.  A schoolhouse operated at Greenwood until 1954, and since then local schoolchildren have been bused to Cool, although the school remains standing.

The community is now registered as California Historical Landmark #521.

Georgetown, California
Georgetown (formerly Growlersburg) is a census-designated place (CDP) in El Dorado County, California, United States. It is the northeasternmost town in the California Mother Lode. The population was 2,255 in the 2020 census, up from 2,367 in 2010, and 962 in 2000. The town is registered as California Historical Landmark #484.
Shayna Goldberg
Rabbanit Shayna Goldberg (Hebrew: שיינה גולדברג; born 1979) is an American–Israeli Modern Orthodox and Religious Zionist author, educator, and Yoetzet Halacha (halachic advisor). She is the current Mashgicha Ruchanit at the Stella K. Abraham Beit Midrash for Women Migdal Oz, an affiliate of Yeshivat Har Etzion.

Yeshivat Har Etzion
Yeshivat Har Etzion (YHE; Hebrew: ישיבת הר עציון), commonly known in English as "Gush" or "The Harvard of Yeshivot," is a Hesder yeshiva located in Alon Shvut, an Israeli settlement in the West Bank. It is considered one of the leading institutions of advanced Torah study in the world and with a student body of roughly 480, it is the second largest hesder yeshiva in Israel.
Strathmoor Manor, Kentucky
Strathmoor Manor is a home rule-class city in Jefferson County, Kentucky, United States. As of the 2020 census, Strathmoor Manor had a population of 351.

The city is characterized by tree-lined streets and wide setbacks.

Jefferson County, Kentucky
Jefferson County is a county located in the north central portion of the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 782,969. It is the most populous county in the commonwealth (with more than twice the population of second ranked Fayette County).

Since a city-county merger in 2003, the county's territory, population and government have been coextensive with the city of Louisville, which also serves as county seat. The administrative entity created by this merger is the Louisville/Jefferson County Metro Government, abbreviated to Louisville Metro.

Jefferson County is the anchor of the Louisville-Jefferson County, KY-IN Metropolitan Statistical Area, locally referred to as Kentuckiana.
Eoscorpius
Eoscorpius is an extinct genus of scorpions. Several species have been formally described and named, while several other proposed species lack formal scientific names. The genus existed from the Early Carboniferous to the Asselian age of the Early Permian, its distribution spanning modern-day Asia, North America, and Europe. Its defining features include the subquadrate shape of its carapace, the placement of its median eyes on raised nodes, and two large ridges that differentiate the parts of its carapace. It has been noted for its extensive similarities to modern scorpions. Its habitat is believed to have included the extensive swampy, coal-producing forests that existed during the Carboniferous. Within these forests, there is evidence that it may have lived in the canopy and understory levels.

Pedipalp
Pedipalps (commonly shortened to palps or palpi) are the secondary pair of forward appendages among chelicerates – a group of arthropods including spiders, scorpions, horseshoe crabs, and sea spiders. The pedipalps are lateral to the chelicerae ("jaws") and anterior to the first pair of walking legs.
Plate theory (volcanism)
The plate theory is a model of volcanism that attributes all volcanic activity on Earth, even that which appears superficially to be anomalous, to the operation of plate tectonics. According to the plate theory, the principal cause of volcanism is extension of the lithosphere. Extension of the lithosphere is a function of the lithospheric stress field. The global distribution of volcanic activity at a given time reflects the contemporaneous lithospheric stress field, and changes in the spatial and temporal distribution of volcanoes reflect changes in the stress field. The main factors governing the evolution of the stress field are:

Changes in the configuration of plate boundaries.

Vertical motions.

Thermal contraction.

Lithospheric extension enables pre-existing melt in the crust and mantle to escape to the surface. If extension is severe and thins the lithosphere to the extent that the asthenosphere rises, then additional melt is produced by decompression upwelling.

Volcanism
Volcanism, vulcanism, volcanicity, or volcanic activity is the phenomenon where solids, liquids, gases, and their mixtures erupt to the surface of a solid-surface astronomical body such as a planet or a moon. It is caused by the presence of a heat source, usually internally generated, inside the body; the heat is generated by various processes, such as radioactive decay or tidal heating. This heat partially melts solid material in the body or turns material into gas. The mobilized material rises through the body's interior and may break through the solid surface.
Claremount, County Westmeath
Claremount, also known as Cummingstown, is a townland in the civil parish of Enniscoffey  in County Westmeath, Ireland.

The townland is located to the north of Milltownpass, a section of Milltownpass Bog stands in the east of the townland. The townlands of Corcloon borders the townland to the south, Pass of Kilbride is to the east and Enniscoffey stands to the north.

Enniscoffey (townland)
Enniscoffey also known as Caran is a townland in the civil parish of the same name  in County Westmeath, Ireland.

The townland is located to the south of Mullingar, to the north of Rochfortbridge and Milltownpass, and to the east of Lough Ennell. A section of Milltownpass Bog stands on the townland.
Quill (Grimm)
"Quill" is the 4th episode of the supernatural drama television series Grimm of season 2 and the 26th overall, which premiered on September 3, 2012, on NBC. The episode was written by David Simkins, and was directed by David Straiton.

Grimm season 2
The second season of the NBC American supernatural drama series Grimm premiered on August 13, 2012, and consisted of 22 episodes. The series, created by David Greenwalt, Jim Kouf and Stephen Carpenter, follows a descendant of the Grimm line, Nick Burkhardt, as he deals with being a cop, and trying not to expose his secret as a Grimm.