hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ninian MacWhannell
Ninian MacWhannell (15 October 1860 – 23 December 1939) was a Scottish architect, author, and footballer.

Born in Hutchesontown, MacWhannell attended Glasgow High School and Glasgow School of Art before becoming an architect.

He played football for Queen's Park, making five appearances for them, including appearing in the 1885 FA Cup Final.

He also wrote books about the Doric language and Robert Burns. He served as a councillor and magistrate.

MacWhannell was a prominent humanist and rationalist, serving as the President of the Glasgow branch of the Rationalist Press Association from its formation. On his death, he had a secular funeral, at the Western Crematorium, led by J. McCormick, Vice President of the Glasgow R.P.A.

Humanist Society Scotland
Humanist Society Scotland is a Scottish registered charity that promotes humanist views and offers humanist wedding, funeral, and baby-naming ceremonies. It is a member of the European Humanist Federation and Humanists International.

In the 21st century, the HSS has grown in tandem with the rapid pace of secularisation in Scotland. Since 2016, it has been the largest provider of weddings in Scotland, performing more marriages each year than the Church of Scotland, Catholic Church in Scotland, or any religious group.
Estaing, Aveyron
Estaing (French pronunciation: [ɛstɛ̃]; Occitan: Estanh) is a commune in the Aveyron department in the Occitanie region of Southern France. The D'Estaing family, first mentioned in writings in 1028, was one of the most powerful families of the Rouergue from the 13th to the 18th century, making the village known throughout France.

Rodez
Rodez (French pronunciation: [ʁɔdɛs] ⓘ, [ʁɔdɛz] ⓘ, locally: [ʁoˈðɛs]; Occitan: Rodés, [ruˈðes]) is a small city and commune in the South of France, about 150 km (93 mi) northeast of Toulouse. It is the prefecture of the department of Aveyron, region of Occitania (formerly Midi-Pyrénées). Rodez is the seat of the communauté d'agglomération Rodez Agglomération, of the First Constituency of Aveyron as well as of the general Council of Aveyron.

Former capital of the Rouergue, the city is seat of the Diocese of Rodez and Vabres.
Deputy Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines
The deputy speakers of the House of Representatives of the Philippines (Filipino: Mga Depyuti Ispiker ng Kapulungan ng mga Kinatawan ng Pilipinas) are the second highest-ranking officials of the House of Representatives of the Philippines. During the absence of the House speaker, one of the House deputy speakers will preside over a session of the chamber.

The positions of deputy speakers were established in the 10th Congress, replacing the single office of speaker pro tempore, which existed from 1922 to 1995.

The incumbent deputy speakers of the House are representatives Dinand Hernandez (Senior Deputy Speaker), Janette Garin, Yasser Balindong, Paolo Ortega, Jay Khonghun, Kristine Singson-Meehan, Ronaldo Puno, Ferjenel Biron, Raymond Mendoza, Yevgeny Emano, and David Suarez.

Kristine Singson-Meehan
Grace Kristine "Kris" Gacula Singson-Meehan (born November 21, 1973), is a Filipino politician who has served as the representative for 
Ilocos Sur's second district since 2019. She succeeded her father Eric Singson.
J band (NATO)
The NATO J band is the designation given to the radio frequencies from 10 to 20 GHz (equivalent to wavelengths between 3 and  1.5 cm). Since 1992 frequency allocations, allotment and assignments are in line to NATO Joint Civil/Military Frequency Agreement (NJFA).
However, in order to identify military radio spectrum requirements, e.g. for crises management planning, training, Electronic warfare activities, or in military operations, this system is still in use.

NATO Joint Civil/Military Frequency Agreement
The NATO Joint Civil/Military Frequency Agreement (NJFA) is the universal NATO common civil/military treaty to regulate the military access to the radio frequency spectrum in the range of 14 kHz to 100 GHz in peacetime, during exercises, in times of crisis, and in military operations. This document has been the basis for the frequency utilisation in NATO-Europe since 1982. Nations and organisations, e.g. partnership for peace countries, are invited to participate as deemed to be necessary.

The national representatives of the frequency sovereignty agree unanimous to changes of the NJFA, in line to decisions of World Radiocommunication Conferences, operational requirement of the armed forces, and technical developments. However, the provision of "Article 38 of the International Telecommunication Convention, Nairobi 1982" remains untouched.
Glossary of real and complex analysis
This is a glossary of concepts and results in real analysis and complex analysis in mathematics. In particular, it includes those in measure theory (as there is no glossary for measure theory in Wikipedia right now). Also, the topics in algebraic analysis are included.

See also: list of real analysis topics, list of complex analysis topics and glossary of functional analysis.

Algebraic analysis
Algebraic analysis is an area of mathematics that deals with systems of linear partial differential equations by using sheaf theory and complex analysis to study properties and generalizations of functions such as hyperfunctions and microfunctions. Semantically, algebraic analysis is the application of algebraic operations on analytic quantities. As a research programme, it was started by the Japanese mathematician Mikio Sato in 1959. This can be seen as an algebraic geometrization of analysis. According to Schapira, parts of Sato's work can be regarded as a manifestation of Grothendieck's style of mathematics within the realm of classical analysis. It derives its meaning from the fact that the differential operator is right-invertible in several function spaces.

It helps in the simplification of the proofs due to an algebraic description of the problem considered.
Salt Rock
Salt Rock is a small coastal village just north of Ballito and Shaka's Rock situated along the Dolphin Coast of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. It is a favorite holiday destination for many local South Africans. It is approximately located 52 kilometres (40 minutes) north-east of Durban and 19 km south-east of KwaDukuza. Salt Rock owes much of its history to Basil Hulett and his wife Gwen who started not only the Salt Rock Hotel but went on to develop the town of Salt Rock as found today.

KwaDukuza
KwaDukuza, previously known as Stanger, is a town in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. In 2006, the municipal name was changed to KwaDukuza (which incorporates towns such as Stanger, Ballito and Shakaskraal), but the Zulu people in the area called it "Dukuza" well before then.

The city has undergone minor economic construction since 2015, having built a multi-million rand regional shopping mall in 2018. KwaDukuza also has a college called North Coast Agricultural College located in Shakaskraal.
Air pollution in South Korea
Air pollution in South Korea is an increasing threat to people and the environment. The air pollution comes from many sources, both domestic and international. Many forms of pollution have increased in South Korea since its rapid industrialization, especially in Seoul and other cities. According to the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Seoul is one of the world's cities with the worst air pollution. From 2009 and 2013, the city's mean PM10 were higher than in many of the largest metropolitan cities in the world such as: Los Angeles, Tokyo, Paris, and London. This has resulted in health and environmental problems. Koreans buy masks and air purifiers to breathe cleaner air, and are working to reduce the country's emissions.

Ministry of Climate, Energy and Environment
The Ministry of Climate, Energy and Environment (Korean: 기후에너지환경부) is the South Korea branch of government charged with environmental protection. In addition to enforcing regulations and sponsoring ecological research, the Ministry manages the national parks of South Korea. Its headquarters is in Sejong City.
Friis transmission equation
The Friis transmission formula is used in telecommunications engineering, equating the power at the terminals of a receive antenna as the product of power density of the incident wave and the effective aperture of the receiving antenna under idealized conditions given another antenna some distance away transmitting a known amount of power. The formula was presented first by Danish-American radio engineer Harald T. Friis in 1946. The formula is sometimes referenced as the Friis transmission equation.

Isotropic radiator
An isotropic radiator is a theoretical point source of waves that radiates the same intensity of radiation in all directions.  It may be based on sound waves or electromagnetic waves, in which case it is also known as an isotropic antenna.  It has no preferred direction of radiation, i.e., it radiates uniformly in all directions over a sphere centred on the source.

Isotropic radiators are used as reference radiators with which other sources are compared, for example in determining the gain of antennas.   A coherent isotropic radiator of electromagnetic waves is theoretically impossible, but incoherent radiators can be built.   An isotropic sound radiator is possible because sound is a longitudinal wave.

The term isotropic radiation means a radiation field which has the same intensity in all directions at each receiving point; thus an isotropic radiator does not produce isotropic radiation.
Vaporization
Vaporization (vapourisation in British English) of an element or compound is a phase transition from the liquid phase to vapor. There are two types of vaporization: evaporation and boiling. Evaporation is a surface phenomenon, whereas boiling is a bulk phenomenon (a phenomenon in which the whole object or substance is involved in the process).

Surface science
Surface science is the study of physical and chemical phenomena that occur at the interface of two phases, including solid–liquid interfaces, solid–gas interfaces, solid–vacuum interfaces, and liquid–gas interfaces. It includes the fields of surface chemistry and surface physics. Some related practical applications are classed as surface engineering. The science encompasses concepts such as heterogeneous catalysis, semiconductor device fabrication, fuel cells, self-assembled monolayers, and adhesives. Surface science is closely related to interface and colloid science. Interfacial chemistry and physics are common subjects for both. The methods are different. In addition, interface and colloid science studies macroscopic phenomena that occur in heterogeneous systems due to peculiarities of interfaces.
Dithionous acid
Dithionous acid is a sulfur oxoacid with the chemical formula H2S2O4.  It has not been observed experimentally.  It is the conjugate acid of the dithionite dianion, S2O42-.  Dithionite is a well-known reducing agent.

Sulfur oxoacid
Sulfur oxoacids are chemical compounds that contain sulfur, oxygen, and hydrogen. The best known and most important industrially used is sulfuric acid. Sulfur has several oxoacids; however, some of these are known only from their salts (these are shown in italics in the table below). The acids that have been characterised contain a variety of structural features, for example:

tetrahedral sulfur when coordinated to oxygen

terminal and bridging oxygen atoms

terminal peroxo groups

terminal S=S

chains of (−S−)n
Andrea Quattrocchi
Andrea Quattrocchi Rivarola (born 23 March 1989) is a Paraguayan actress and ballerina, famous for her roles on Paraguayan television and participation in the reality TV dancing competition Baila Conmigo Paraguay. She currently lives in Asunción, Paraguay.

Ballet dancer
A ballet dancer is a person who practices the art of classical ballet. Both females and males can practice ballet. They rely on years of extensive training and proper technique to become a part of a professional ballet company. Ballet dancers are at a high risk of injury due to the demanding technique of ballet.
Scout Rock
Scout Rock (known locally as Scout Rocks), is a rock face, once a quarry, cut into a hill called Hathershelf Scout and is on the south side of the Upper Calder Valley in the village of Mytholmroyd near Hebden Bridge, England. At its height, the cliff rises 130m above the village and the exposed rock face is visible from as far as Chiserley and Luddendenfoot. The majority of the rock face is now covered in vegetation. Hathershelf Forest is situated at the base of the cliff, and a large beacon stands around half way up the hill on the western side of the cliff face.

Luddendenfoot
Luddendenfoot or Luddenden Foot is a village in West Yorkshire, England. It is in the borough of Calderdale, to the northwest of Sowerby Bridge and west of Halifax. The population of Luddendenfoot is 2,547, with the wider Calderdale Ward having a population of 10,653 at the 2011 Census. The village lies along the Upper Calder Valley below Luddenden, between Sowerby Bridge and Mytholmroyd.
Than Quang Ninh FC
Than Quang Ninh Football Club (Vietnamese: Câu lạc bộ Bóng đá Than Quảng Ninh), simply known as Quang Ninh or TQN, was a professional football club, based in Cẩm Phả, Quảng Ninh Province, Vietnam.

They last played in the V.League 1 in 2021 and were sponsored by Vinacomin. They were omitted from V-League competitions for 2022, after loss of their main sponsor and other financial difficulties.

2016 Vietnamese Cup
The 2016 National Cup was the 24th edition of the Vietnamese National Cup. It was sponsored by Kienlongbank, and known as the Kienlongbank National Cup for sponsorship purposes. This year's competition, which features 24 teams including V.League 1's 14 teams and National First Division's 10 teams, ran until September 29.
2026 Colorado gubernatorial election
The 2026 Colorado gubernatorial election is scheduled to take place on November 3, 2026, to elect the governor of Colorado. The primary elections will take place on June 30, 2026. Incumbent Democratic Governor Jared Polis is term-limited and cannot seek re-election to a third term in office.

Republicans have not won a gubernatorial election in Colorado since Bill Owens was re-elected in 2002.

2002 Colorado gubernatorial election
The 2002 Colorado gubernatorial election was held on November 5, 2002, to elect the governor of Colorado. Bill Owens, the Republican incumbent, defeated Democratic nominee Rollie Heath to win a second term. Owen's win set the record for biggest win by a Republican in a Colorado gubernatorial election (Democrats won by larger margins in 1982, 1948, and 1928, with Billy Adams' 35 point blowout in that year being the greatest victory for a candidate of any party). As of 2025, this is the last time a Republican was elected Governor of Colorado and the only time in the past half-century that a Republican won a majority in the state.
Akhethetep Hemi
Akhethetep Hemi (fl. c. 2360 BC) was an ancient Egyptian official at the end of the Fifth Dynasty, most likely in office under king Unas. His highest title was that of a vizier, making him the most important official at the royal court, only second to the king. Next to the vizier's titles he was also overseer of the treasuries, overseer of the scribes of the king's document and overseer of the double granary; all these were important positions at the royal court.

Akhethetep Hemi is mainly known from his mastaba not far from the Pyramid of Unas, that was excavated and published by Selim Hassan. The mastaba was later usurped by an official called Nebkauher. It often remains difficult to decide which titles in the tomb decoration belong to one or the other official.

Overseer of the treasuries
The overseer of the treasuries (alternative translation: overseer of the two treasuries; imy-r prwy ḥḏ) was a title and important role in the ancient Egyptian court of the Old and New Kingdom. The title is also attested in the Late Period.

The title is first attested in the Fourth Dynasty. The title fell out of use in the Middle Kingdom but reappeared by the New Kingdom, and it became one of the more important roles in the affairs of the royal court. The treasury was the place in the royal palace where precious materials were stored, such as metal objects, but also linen. Therefore, the overseer of the treasuries was responsible for administrating the resources of the country.

The writing of the title varies between ""overseer of the treasury" (imy-r pr ḥḏ) and "overseer of the two treasuries" (imy-r prwy ḥḏ). It is not always clear whether this relates to different functions.
National Register of Historic Places listings in Sandusky, Ohio
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Sandusky, Ohio.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Sandusky, Ohio, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in an online map.

There are 178 properties and districts listed on the National Register in Erie County, including 2 National Historic Landmarks. The city of Sandusky is the location of 114 of these properties and districts; they are listed here, while the remaining 64 sites, including both National Historic Landmarks, are listed separately. Another 3 properties were once listed but have been removed.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted December 12, 2025.

Sandusky, Ohio
Sandusky (/sænˈdʌski/ san-DUSS-kee) is a city in Erie County, Ohio, United States, and its county seat. Situated on the southern shore of Lake Erie, Sandusky is located roughly midway between Toledo (45 miles (72 km) west) and Cleveland (50 miles (80 km) east). At the 2020 census, the city had a population of 25,095, and the Sandusky metropolitan area had 115,986 residents.

Sandusky was established in the early 19th century and developed as a port city at the head of Sandusky Bay. It is home to Cedar Point, one of the most popular amusement parks in the world, as well as water parks including Cedar Point Shores, Castaway Bay, Great Wolf Lodge, and Kalahari. The headquarters of Cedar Fair Entertainment Company were located in the city until it merged with Six Flags, who retains some administrative offices in Sandusky.
Greg Gattuso
Gregory Gattuso (born May 18, 1962) is an American football coach and former player. He is currently a defensive line consultant at his alma mater, Pennsylvania State University, serving under new defensive coordinator Jim Knowles. Gattuso served as the head coach of University of Albany from 2014 to 2024. He was formerly the defensive line coach at the University of Maryland, under head coach Randy Edsall, a position he assumed in January 2011. Gattuso served as the head coach at Duquesne University from 1993 to 2004, compiling a record of 97–32.  From 2005 to 2010, he was an assistant coach at the University of Pittsburgh.

Randy Edsall
Randy Douglas Edsall (born August 27, 1958) is an American former football coach who recently served as the head football coach for Connecticut from 1999 to 2010 and again from 2017 until his abrupt retirement in 2021. He also served as the head coach for Maryland from 2011 to 2015 and as the director of football research and special projects for the Detroit Lions of the National Football League (NFL) in 2016. During his first stint at UConn, he oversaw the program's promotion from the NCAA Division I-AA level to Division I-A. He is the program's all-time leader in wins and games coached.
Kilroy Was Here (1947 film)
Kilroy Was Here is a 1947 American comedy film directed by Phil Karlson and written by Dick Irving Hyland. The film stars Jackie Cooper, Jackie Coogan, Wanda McKay, Frank Jenks, Norman Phillips Jr. and Rand Brooks. It was released on July 19, 1947 by Monogram Pictures.

A promotional angle for this film and its sequel, French Leave, was the pairing of two former child stars with similar names.  Coogan had been a child star in the 1920s while Cooper was a child star of the 1930s.

Monogram Pictures
Monogram Pictures Corporation was an American film studio that produced mostly low-budget films between 1931 and 1953, when the firm completed a transition to the name Allied Artists Pictures Corporation. Monogram was among the minor studios in the golden age of Hollywood, generally referred to collectively as Poverty Row. Of the 11 permanent studios in Hollywood at the time, ranked in order of size, MGM was #1 -- and Monogram was #10 (the only one smaller was PRC).

The Monogram trademark is now owned by Allied Artists International. The original sprawling brick complex which functioned as home to both Monogram and Allied Artists remains at 4376 W Sunset Blvd, as part of the Church of Scientology Media Center (formerly KCET's television facilities).
Trollkjelen Crevasse Field
Trollkjelen Crevasse Field (71°17′S 0°50′W﻿ / ﻿71.283°S 0.833°W﻿ / -71.283; -0.833) is a crevasse field about 12 nautical miles (22 km) long in the Fimbul Ice Shelf, lying immediately off the northeast side of Trollkjelneset Headland in Queen Maud Land. Mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by Norwegian-British-Swedish Antarctic Expedition (NBSAE) (1949–52) and air photos by the Norwegian expedition (1958–59) and named Trollkjelen (the troll's cauldron).

This article incorporates public domain material from "Trollkjelen Crevasse Field". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Fimbul Ice Shelf
70°30′S 0°10′W﻿ / ﻿70.500°S 0.167°W﻿ / -70.500; -0.167

The Fimbul Ice Shelf is an Antarctic ice shelf about 200 km (120 mi) long and 100 km (60 mi) wide, nourished by Jutulstraumen Glacier, bordering the coast of Queen Maud Land from 3°W to 3°E. It was photographed from the air by the Third German Antarctic Expedition (1938–1939), mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by the Norwegian–British–Swedish Antarctic Expedition (1949–1952) and from air photos by the Norwegian expedition (1958–1959) and named Fimbulisen (the giant ice).
1991 Kremlin Cup
The 1991 Kremlin Cup was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts. It was the 2nd edition of the Kremlin Cup, and was part of the World Series of the 1991 ATP Tour. It took place at the Olympic Stadium in Moscow, Soviet Union, from 4 November through 10 November 1991. Fourth-seeded Andrei Cherkasov won the singles title.

Kremlin Cup
The Kremlin Cup (Russian: Кубок Кремля, romanized: Kubok Kremlya) is a professional tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts, which has been suspended indefinitely since 2022. It was part of the ATP Tour 250 series of the ATP Tour and was a Premier Tournament on the WTA Tour. It was held annually at the Olympic Stadium in Moscow, Russia from 1990 to 2018. In 2019, the Olympic Stadium underwent a reconstruction lasting two years. The 2019 edition of the tournament was held at the Ice Palace Krylatskoye. In 2021, the Kremlin Cup was played at the Irina Viner-Usmanova Gymnastics Palace and the Luzhniki Palace of Sports.

Until 2007, it was held on a carpet surface. It was then held on RuKortHard surface until 2015. Since 2016 the tournament has been held on TPSurface.

In light of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) and the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) suspended the tournament indefinitely.