hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cherdyn Route
The Cherdyn Road (Чердынская дорога) or Vishera Road (Вишерская дорога) was the standard route used by the Russians to travel to Siberia in the late 16th century. It started in Cherdyn west of the Urals and followed a number of rivers and portages, from the Vishera through the Lozva and the Tavda to the Tobol River.

Around 1580, Yermak and his Cossacks ascended the Chusovaya River and crossed to the Barancha, a tributary of the Tagil River. They succeeded in penetrating the Khanate of Siberia and conquering the area. This route was abandoned because the upper Tagil was too shallow.

In 1592, the Russian fort of Pelym was built to guard the eastern terminus of the Cherdyn Road. It was not until 1597 that a much shorter overland route was discovered by Artemy Babinov. As a result, the Cherdyn Route fell into disuse.

Tagil
The Tagil (Russian: Тагил) is a river in Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia. It is 414 kilometres (257 mi) long, with a drainage basin of 10,100 square kilometres (3,900 sq mi). The average discharge is 40 cubic metres per second (1,400 cu ft/s). The river has its sources on the eastern slopes of the Ural Mountains, east of Verkhny Tagil. From there, the Tagil flows north towards Nizhny Tagil, and then in a northeasterly direction to its confluence with the Tura.

The Salda is a southern tributary. A northern tributary, the Barancha, was probably used by Yermak Timofeyevich on his way to capture the Khanate of Sibir.
Chak Ngaeo
Chak Ngaeo or Ban Chak Ngaeo (or spelled: Chakngeaw; Thai: ชากแง้ว, บ้านชากแง้ว; lit: Chak Ngaeo Village; Chinese: 茶格; pinyin: Chá gé) is a community and village located in Tambon Huai Yai, Bang Lamung District, Chonburi Province, eastern  Thailand. It is a community of Thai Chinese who still maintain the traditional lifestyle similar to Talad Noi in Bangkok. Even though it is located less than 10 kilometers (6.21 mi) from Pattaya, where Pattaya is a world-class tourist destination filled with pubs, bars or liquor stores includes agogo bars and many Western tourists. It has been dubbed "Chinatown of the East".

Liquor store
A liquor store is a retail business that predominantly sells prepackaged alcoholic beverages, including liquors (typically in bottles), wine or beer, usually intended to be consumed off the store's premises.  Depending on region and local idiom, they may also be called an off-licence (in the UK and Ireland), off-sale (in parts of Canada and the US), bottle shop (in Australia, New Zealand and South Africa), bottle store (South Africa) or, colloquially, bottle-o (in Australia, New Zealand, and parts of Canada), liquor store (in Canada and the US, and less commonly, in Australia and New Zealand), party store (in parts of the US, particularly Michigan) or other similar terms. A very limited number of jurisdictions have an alcohol monopoly. In US states that are alcoholic beverage control (ABC) states, the term ABC store may be used.
The Joey Heatherton Album
The Joey Heatherton Album is a studio album by American actress, dancer and singer Joey Heatherton, released in September 1972 by MGM Records. Produced and arranged by Tony Scotti and Tommy Oliver, the album peaked at No. 154 on the Billboard 200 album chart. It received favorable reception among music publications and writers, focusing on Heatherton's singing and the song selections that were considered "oldies" and "of nostalgia". The album was reissued in 2004 by Hip-O Select, including bonus tracks of her 1960s recordings.

Crazy (Willie Nelson song)
"Crazy" is a song written by Willie Nelson and popularized by Patsy Cline in 1961. Nelson wrote the song while living in Houston, working for Pappy Daily's label D Records. He was also a radio DJ and performed in clubs. Nelson then moved to Nashville, Tennessee, working as a writer for  Pamper Music. Through Hank Cochran, the song reached Patsy Cline. After her original recording and release, Cline's version reached number two on Billboard's Hot Country Singles, also crossing to the pop chart as a top 10 single.

Cline's version is considered a country music standard and, in 1996, became the all-time most played song in jukeboxes in the United States. "Crazy" was covered by many artists; different versions reached the charts in a variety of genres. The song was featured in television shows, while many publications have included it in their all-time best songs lists. The Library of Congress inducted Cline's version into the National Recording Registry in 2003.
Écoles gratuites de dessin
The Écoles gratuites de dessin (French for free drawing schools) were several art schools founded in eighteenth-century France, notably the École Royale Gratuite de Dessin in Paris.

Around sixty independent Écoles gratuites de dessin were established in France during the eighteenth century Age of Enlightenment. They provided drawing lessons to the general public, including to apprentices whose craft required the ability to draw. The schools were mostly established in provincial France between 1750 and 1792. In 1777, a royal declaration subjected the schools to the authority of the Académie Royale, but this did not hinder their development.

The schools varied in size from single-teacher schools with a few dozen students to those in Bordeaux and Marseille which had more than twelve teachers and several hundred students. The Paris school of Jean-Jacques Bachelier may have had up to 1,500 students. Some of the schools taught painting and sculpture as well as drawing.

Art school
An art school is an educational institution with a primary focus on practice and related theory in the visual arts and design. This includes fine art – especially illustration, painting, contemporary art, sculpture, and graphic design.   They may be independent or operate within a larger institution, such as a university. Some may be associated with an art museum.

Art schools may be organized to offer elementary, secondary, post-secondary, undergraduate, or graduate programs, and can also offer a broad-based range of programs (such as the liberal arts and sciences). In the West there have been six major periods of art school curricula, and each one has had its own hand in developing modern institutions worldwide throughout all levels of education. Art schools also teach a variety of non-academic skills to many students.
Johnny Hodapp
Urban John Hodapp (September 26, 1905 – June 14, 1980) was an American professional baseball player in the 1920s and 1930s, mostly for the Cleveland Indians of Major League Baseball (MLB). He primarily played second base, and was a solid contact hitter, with a .311 batting average over nine major league seasons.

Contact hitter
In baseball, a contact hitter is a hitter who does not strike out often. Thus, they are usually able to use their bat to make contact with the ball (hence the name contact hitter) to put it in play, and then run fast to reach base. As a result of their focus on putting the ball in play, they usually have fewer home runs than power hitters, but a higher BABIP.

Tony Gwynn is a leading example of a modern contact hitter. With just 135 career home runs, Gwynn described himself as a contact hitter who could hit to all fields. He rarely struck out (just 434 times, once every 21 at-bats, or once every 23.5 plate appearances) and his goal was to put the ball in play and move baserunners over. Gwynn's success as a contact hitter landed him in the National Baseball Hall of Fame. Rod Carew is another example of a contact hitter who turned into a dominant MLB player, notching 18 all-star game appearances throughout his hall of fame career.
Pyrimidine-5'-nucleotide nucleosidase
In enzymology, a pyrimidine-5'-nucleotide nucleosidase (EC 3.2.2.10) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

a pyrimidine 5'-nucleotide + H2O  D-ribose 5-phosphate + a pyrimidine base

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are pyrimidine 5'-nucleotide and H2O, whereas its two products are D-ribose 5-phosphate and pyrimidine base.

This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those glycosylases that hydrolyse N-glycosyl compounds.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is pyrimidine-5'-nucleotide phosphoribo(deoxyribo)hydrolase. Other names in common use include pyrimidine nucleotide N-ribosidase, and Pyr5N.  This enzyme participates in pyrimidine metabolism.

Ribose 5-phosphate
Ribose 5-phosphate (R5P) is both a product and an intermediate of the pentose phosphate pathway. The last step of the oxidative reactions in the pentose phosphate pathway is the production of ribulose 5-phosphate. Depending on the body's state, ribulose 5-phosphate can reversibly isomerize to ribose 5-phosphate. Ribulose 5-phosphate can alternatively undergo a series of isomerizations as well as transaldolations and transketolations that result in the production of other pentose phosphates as well as fructose 6-phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (both intermediates in glycolysis).

The enzyme ribose-phosphate diphosphokinase converts ribose-5-phosphate into phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate.
Sisimito
In Belizean and Honduran folklore, the Sisimito (alternatively called Sisimite, Sisimita, Súkara, and Itacayo) is a bipedal upright gorilla-like creature that possesses a head much like a human, with long hair or fur covering its body. It is also referred to as "the Mexican Bigfoot", though it is also known in the neighboring countries of Guatemala and Nicaragua.

Culture of Honduras
The wealth of cultural expression in Honduras owes its origins primarily to being a part of Latin America but also to the multi-ethnic nature of the country. The population comprises 90% Mestizo, 7% Indigenous, 2% African descent, and 1% White. This influences all facets of the culture: customs, practices, ways of dressing, religion, rituals, codes of behavior and belief systems.
Mahāvastu
The Mahāvastu (Sanskrit for "Great Event" or "Great Story") is a canonical text of the Mahāsāṃghika Lokottaravāda school of Early Buddhism which was originally part of the school's Vinaya pitaka. The Mahāvastu is a composite multi-life hagiography of the Buddha Shakyamuni. Its numerous textual layers are held by scholars to have been compiled between the 2nd century BCE and 4th century CE.

The Mahāvastu was first published in the West in an editio princeps by Émile Senart between 1882 and 1897. This edition is in a language which has been termed Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit.

Majjhima Nikāya
The Majjhima Nikāya ("Collection of Middle-length Discourses") is a Buddhist scripture collection, the second of the five nikāyas, or collections, in the Sutta Piṭaka, which is one of the "three baskets" that compose the Pāli Tipiṭaka (lit. "Three Baskets") of Theravāda Buddhism. It was composed between 3rd century BCE and 2nd century CE. This nikāya consists of 152 discourses attributed to the Buddha and his chief disciples.
2009 Minneapolis mayoral election
The 2009 Minneapolis mayoral election was held on November 3, 2009, to elect the Mayor of Minneapolis for a four-year term. Incumbent R. T. Rybak won re-election for a third term in the first round with 73.6% of the vote.

This was the first mayoral election in the city's history to use instant-runoff voting, popularly known as ranked choice voting. Voters had the option of ranking up to three candidates. Municipal elections in Minnesota are nonpartisan, although candidates were able to identify with a political party on the ballot.

R. T. Rybak
Raymond Thomas Rybak Jr. (born November 12, 1955) is an American politician, journalist, businessman, and activist who served from 2002 to 2014 as the 46th mayor of Minneapolis. In 2001, Rybak defeated incumbent mayor Sharon Sayles Belton by a margin of 65% to 35%, the widest margin of victory over an incumbent mayor in city history. He took office in January 2002, and was reelected in 2005 and 2009. In December 2012, he announced that he would not run for another term and would concentrate on his family. Rybak called being mayor his "dream job".

Before being elected mayor, Rybak worked in journalism, business and activism. The first mayor of a major U.S. city to endorse Barack Obama's 2008 campaign for president, Rybak was one of five vice chairs of the Democratic National Committee.
Middle Dnieprian dialect
Middle Dnieprian dialect (Ukrainian: Середньонаддніпрянський говір) is a dialect of Ukrainian language spoken in the historical region of Dnieper Ukraine. Linguistically it belongs to the Southeastern group of Ukrainian dialects. Middle Dnieprian is spoken in southern parts of Kyiv region, southwestern parts of Sumy region, in most of the territory of Cherkasy and Poltava regions, as well as in northern parts of Kirovohrad and Dnipropetrovsk regions. The territory where the dialect is widespread borders Central and Eastern Polesian dialects in the north, Slobozhan dialect in the east, Steppe dialect in the south, as well as Podolian and Volhynian dialects in the west. Structurally Middle Dnieprian dialect is close to standard literary Ukrainian language.

Kyiv Oblast
Kyiv Oblast (Ukrainian: Київська область, romanized: Kyivska oblast, IPA: [ˈkɪjiu̯sʲkɐ ˈɔblɐsʲtʲ]), also called Kyivshchyna (Київщинa, IPA: [ˈkɪjiu̯ʃtʃɪnɐ]), is an oblast (province) in central and northern Ukraine. It surrounds, but does not include, the city of Kyiv, which is administered as a city with special status. However, Kyiv also serves as the administrative center of the oblast. The Kyiv metropolitan area extends out from Kyiv city into parts of the oblast, which is significantly dependent on the urban economy and transportation of Kyiv.

The population of Kyiv Oblast is 1,795,079 (2022 estimate). Its largest city is Bila Tserkva, with a population over 200,000.

The Chernobyl Exclusion Zone is in the northern part of Kyiv Oblast. It is administered separately from the oblast and public access is prohibited.
Ali Demirsoy Natural History Museum
Ali Demirsoy Natural History Museum (Turkish: Ali Demirsoy Doğa Tarihi Müzesi) is a museum in Kemaliye, Turkey.

The museum is in the campus of Hacı Ali Akın Multi-Program Highschool in Kemaliye ilçe (district), of  Erzincan Province. Its founder is Professor Ali Demirsoy of Hacettepe University. It is supported by Tubitak (Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey).

Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey
The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (Turkish: Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu, TÜBİTAK) is a national agency of Turkey whose stated goal is to develop "science, technology and innovation" (STI) policies, support and conduct research and development, and to "play a leading role in the creation of a science and technology culture" in the country.

TÜBİTAK develops scientific and technological policies and manages R&D institutes, carrying on research, technology and development studies in line with "national priorities". TÜBİTAK also acts as an advisory agency to the Turkish government and acts as the secretariat of the Supreme Council for Science and Technology, the highest science and technology policymaking body in Turkey.
Religion in Madagascar
Christianity is the largest religion in Madagascar, with Protestantism and Catholicism being its main denominations.

Madagascar is a secular state, and the nation's constitution provides for freedom of religious thought and expression and prohibits religious discrimination.

Secular state
A secular state is an idea pertaining to secularity, whereby a state is or purports to be officially neutral in matters of religion, supporting neither religion nor irreligion. A secular state claims to treat all its citizens equally regardless of religion, and claims to avoid preferential treatment for a citizen based on their religious beliefs, affiliation or lack of either over those with other profiles.

Although secular states have no state religion, the absence of an established state religion does not mean that a state is completely secular or egalitarian. For example, some states that describe themselves as secular have religious references in their national anthems and flags, laws that benefit one religion or another, or are members of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and of the International Religious Freedom or Belief Alliance.
Gdańsk Tablature
The Gdańsk Tablature (Polish: Tabulatura Gdańska, German: Danziger Tabulatur) is the common name used to refer to the collection of 42 keyboard pieces contained within a manuscript in the State Archive in Gdańsk dating back to 1591. The music is frequently presumed to be the work of Cajus Schmiedtlein. Some of the compositions in the manuscript are based on vocal works by Pierre Regnault Sandrin, Orlando di Lasso, Baldassare Donato, Jacob Clemens non Papa, Johann Walter, Claudin de Sermisy, Thomas Crecquillon, Domenico Ferrabosco, Jean de Latre, Jacquet de Berchem, Jakob Meiland, Alexander Utendal, Giaches de Wert and Germano Pallavicino.

Baldassare Donato
Baldassare Donato (also Donati) (1525-1530 – June 1603) was an Italian composer and singer of the Venetian school of the late Renaissance.  He was maestro di cappella of the prestigious St. Mark's Basilica at the end of the 16th century, and was an important figure in the development of Italian light secular music, especially the villanella.
Shontelle
Shontelle Delia Layne (born 4 October 1985), known mononymously as Shontelle, is a Barbadian singer and songwriter. She released her debut album Shontelligence in 2008. Her second album, No Gravity, was released in 2010. Her singles "T-Shirt" and "Impossible" achieved international success. In 2020, Shontelle released "Remember Me".

Mononym
A mononym is a name composed of only one word. An individual who is known and addressed by a mononym is a mononymous person.

A mononym may be the person's only name, given to them at birth. This was routine in most ancient societies, and remains common in modern societies such as in Afghanistan, Bhutan, some parts of Indonesia (especially by older Javanese people), Myanmar, Mongolia, Tibet, and South India.

In other cases, a person may select a single name from their polynym or adopt a mononym as a chosen name, pen name, stage name, or regnal name. A popular nickname may effectively become a mononym, in some cases adopted legally. For some historical figures, a mononym is the only name that is still known today.
Comedy (Paul Kelly & The Messengers album)
Comedy is a double album recorded by Paul Kelly & the Messengers and originally released in 1991. It peaked at No. 12 on the ARIA Albums Chart and remained in the top 50 for 12 weeks. Comedy reached the top 30 on the New Zealand Albums Chart.

It was released via Mushroom Records in Australia and New Zealand, and via Doctor Dream Records in the United States. Track 9, "Take Your Time" is used in the 1997 Australian comedy feature film, The Castle. This was the last album released before the partnership of Kelly & the Messengers was dissolved.

Mushroom Records
Mushroom Records was an Australian flagship record label, founded in 1972 in Melbourne. It published and distributed many successful Australian artists and expanded internationally, until it was merged with Festival Records in 1998. Festival Mushroom Records was later acquired by Warner Bros. Records, which operated the label from 2005 to 2010 before merging the label's catalogue with its own. Founder Michael Gudinski went on to become the leader of the Mushroom Group, the largest independent music and entertainment company in Australia, with divisions such as Frontier Touring.
Denise Spencer
Denise Dowling Henderson (née Spencer; 9 September 1929 – 6 September 1998) was an Australian freestyle swimmer. She competed in two events at the 1948 Summer Olympics.

Henderson was born in the Queensland town of Roma in 1929, and until the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro was the only Olympic athlete from the town. In 1948, Roma Town Council named a street Spencer Street in her honour, being the location of the swimming baths where she learned to swim. In September 1950, she married stock manager and auctioneer George Henderson.

Henderson died on 6 September 1998 at John Flynn Hospital in Tugun on the Gold Coast.

Roma, Queensland
Roma is a rural town and locality in the Maranoa Region, Queensland, Australia. It is the administrative centre of the Maranoa Region. The town was incorporated in 1867 and is named after Lady Diamantina Bowen (née di Roma), the wife of Sir George Bowen, the Governor of Queensland at the time. In the 2021 census, the locality of Roma had a population of 6,838 people.
Rudolph H. Sitz Building
The Rudolph H. Sitz Building is a historic building located in the West End of Davenport, Iowa, United States. Rudolph Sitz has this building built in 1913 to house his grocery store, which had been previously located at 2747 West Third Street. The building has subsequently been turned into a tavern. The two-story Mission Revival style structure features a curved, broken pediment, bracketed eaves on projecting eave sections, and an arch over the storefront. It is one of the few buildings in Davenport built in this style. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

Mission Revival architecture
The Mission Revival style was part of an architectural movement, beginning in the late 19th century, for the revival and reinterpretation of American colonial styles. Mission Revival drew inspiration from the late 18th and early 19th century Spanish missions in California. It is sometimes termed California Mission Revival, particularly when used elsewhere, such as in New Mexico and Texas which have their own unique regional architectural styles. In Australia, the style is known as Spanish Mission.

The Mission Revival movement was most popular between 1890 and 1915, in numerous residential, commercial and institutional structures, particularly schools and railroad depots.
Inari-yu
Inari-yu is a Japanese communal bathhouse (sentō) in Kita, Tokyo in Japan. It was built in 1930 with traditional architecture of Japanese temples. This building was listed as a Registered Tangible Cultural Property in 2019. It was the second bathhouse in Tokyo and only dozens more nationwide to be listed.

Inari-yu was listed as one of 25 sites of the 2020 World Monuments Watch published by World Monuments Fund (WMF) to recognize its innovative approach to preservation by transforming an adjacent structure to a social gathering facility to suit the 21st century lifestyle while still keeping the traditional communal bathing alive. Additionally, the operator has opened it up more to serve foreign tourists by having multilingual explanatory signages on how to use the bathhouse. WMF hopes that it can be a model for preservations of bathhouses elsewhere given that only about 500 bathhouses still remain in Tokyo and one bathhouse closes down each week.

2020 World Monuments Watch
The World Monuments Watch is a flagship advocacy program of the New York–based private non-profit organization World Monuments Fund (WMF) that calls international attention to cultural heritage around the world that is threatened by neglect, vandalism, conflict, or disaster.
Al-Ajbal Mosque
The Al-Ajbal Mosque, also known as the Al-Aqrab Mosque or the Al-Saghir Mosque of Manawi Lajim, is a historic mosque located in the Al Amitahiyah district of Manawi Lajim neighbourhood near Abu al-Khaseeb in Basra, in the Basra Governorate of Iraq. It can accommodate at least 150 worshippers. The mosque dates from the late 14th century; and was extensively remodelled in 1998.

Basra Governorate
The Basra Governorate (Arabic: محافظة البصرة‎ Muḥāfaẓa al-Baṣra), also called Basra Province, is a governorate in southern Iraq bordering Kuwait to the south and Iran to the east. The capital is the city of Basra, located in the Basrah district. Other districts of Basra include Al-Qurna, Al-Zubair, Al-Midaina, Shatt Al-Arab, Abu Al-Khaseeb and Al-Faw located on the Persian Gulf. It is the only governorate with a coastline.