hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Q factor
In physics and engineering, the quality factor or Q factor is a dimensionless parameter that describes how underdamped an oscillator or resonator is.  It is defined as the ratio of the initial energy stored in the resonator to the energy lost in one radian of the cycle of oscillation. Q factor is alternatively defined as the ratio of a resonator's centre frequency to its bandwidth when subject to an oscillating driving force.  These two definitions give numerically similar, but not identical, results. Higher Q indicates a lower rate of energy loss and the oscillations die out more slowly. A pendulum suspended from a high-quality bearing, oscillating in air, has a high Q, while a pendulum immersed in oil has a low one. Resonators with high quality factors have low damping, so that they ring or vibrate longer.

Exponential decay
A quantity is subject to exponential decay if it decreases at a rate proportional to its current value.  Symbolically, this process can be expressed by the following differential equation, where N is the quantity and λ (lambda) is a positive rate called the exponential decay constant, disintegration constant, rate constant, or transformation constant:

The solution to this equation (see derivation below) is:

where N(t) is the quantity at time t, N0 = N(0) is the initial quantity, that is, the quantity at time t = 0.
Files transferred over shell protocol
Files transferred over Shell protocol (FISH) is a network protocol that uses Secure Shell (SSH) or Remote Shell (RSH) to transfer files between computers and manage remote files.

The advantage of FISH is that all it requires on the server-side is an SSH or RSH implementation, Unix shell, and a set of standard Unix utilities (like ls, cat or dd—unlike other methods of remote access to files via a remote shell, scp for example, which requires scp on the server side). Optionally, there can be a special FISH server program (called start_fish_server) on the server, which executes FISH commands instead of Unix shell and thus speeds up operations.

The protocol was designed by Czech Linux Kernel Hacker, Pavel Machek, in 1998 for the Midnight Commander software tool.

File transfer
File transfer is the transmission of a computer file through a communication channel from one computer system to another. Typically, file transfer is mediated by a communications protocol. In the history of computing, numerous file transfer protocols have been designed for different contexts.
Speechmatics
Speechmatics is a technology company based in Cambridge, England, which develops automatic speech recognition software (ASR) based on recurrent neural networks and statistical language modelling. Speechmatics was originally named Cantab Research Ltd when founded in 2006 by speech recognition specialist Dr. Tony Robinson.

Speechmatics offers its speech recognition for solution and service providers to integrate into their stack regardless of their industry or use case. Businesses use Speechmatics to understand and transcribe human-level speech into text regardless of any gender or demographic barrier. The technology can be deployed on-premises and in public and private cloud.

The King's Awards for Enterprise
The King's Awards for Enterprise, previously known as The Queen's Award for Enterprise, is an awards programme for British businesses and other organizations who excel at international trade, innovation, sustainable development or promoting opportunity (through social mobility). They are the highest official UK awards for British businesses. The scheme was established as The Queen's Award to Industry by a royal warrant of 30 November 1965, and awards are given for outstanding achievement by UK businesses in the categories of innovation, international trade, sustainable development and promoting opportunity through social mobility.

Each award is valid for five years: recipients are invited to a royal reception and are presented with the award at their company premises by one of the King's representatives, a Lord-lieutenant. Recipients are also able to fly the King's Awards flag at their main office, and use the emblem on marketing materials such as packaging and adverts.
Pat Bradley (boxer)
Pat Bradley (March 3, 1884 – February 1, 1976) was an Irish boxer who was recognized as the Australian Welterweight World Boxing Champion on March 19, 1913, when he defeated Jack Clarke at Sydney Stadium in New South Wales, Australia.  He also contended twice for the Australian Middleweight World Boxing Title in February and April 1914 against Eddie McGoorty, and Jeff Smith.

He won a very impressive fourteen of his fifteen career wins by knockout, and fought mostly on the U. S. West coast at the beginning and near the end of his career.

Jeff Smith (boxer)
Jerome "Jeff Smith" Jefferds (April 23, 1891 – February 3, 1962) was an American professional boxer who held the Australian version of the World Middleweight Title during his career. Despite his relative anonymity, Smith faced off against some the best fighters of his era, including Harry Greb, Gene Tunney, Mike Gibbons, Georges Carpentier, Les Darcy and Tommy Loughran. Statistical boxing website BoxRec lists Smith as the 17th greatest middleweight ever, while Ring Magazine founder Nat Fleischer ranked Smith as the No. 10 Middleweight of all-time. He was inducted into the Ring Magazine hall of fame in 1969 and the International Boxing Hall of Fame in 2013.
Mary Fawler Maude
Mary Fawler Maude (1819–1913) was an English village pastor's wife who wrote several religious books and hymns. She is best known for a confirmation hymn, "Thine for ever! God of love", written in 1847.

Newport, Isle of Wight
Newport is the county town of the Isle of Wight, an island county off the south coast of England. The town is slightly north of the centre of the island, located in the civil parish of Newport and Carisbrooke. It has a quay at the head of the navigable section of the River Medina, which flows northwards to Cowes and the Solent. The 2021 census recorded a population of 25,407.
David Sharp (mountaineer)
David Sharp (15 February 1972 – 15 May 2006) was an English mountaineer who died near the summit of Mount Everest. His death caused controversy and debate because he was passed by several other climbers heading to and returning from the summit as he was dying, although several others tried to help him.

Sharp had previously summited Cho Oyu and was noted as being a talented rock climber who seemed to acclimatise well, and was known for being in good humour around mountaineering camps. He appeared briefly in season one of the television show Everest: Beyond the Limit, which was filmed the same season as his ill-fated expedition to Everest.

Sharp had a degree from the University of Nottingham and pursued climbing as a hobby. He had worked for an engineering firm and took time off to go on adventures and climbing expeditions, but had been planning to start work as a school teacher in the autumn of 2006.

Maxime Chaya
Maxime Chaya (Arabic: مكسيم شعيا; born 16 December 1961) is a Lebanese mountaineer and explorer. On May 15, 2006, he was the first Lebanese to climb Mount Everest and the Seven Summits. On December 28, 2007, Max also became the first from the Middle East to reach the South Pole on foot from the Antarctic coast, after an unsupported and unassisted journey that lasted 47 days. Then, on April 25, 2009, he reached the North Pole also on foot, all the way from Canada.
1877 Dungarvan by-election
The 1877 Dungarvan by-election was fought on 23 June 1877.  The by-election was fought due to the death of the incumbent Home Rule MP, John O'Keeffe.  It was won by the Home Rule candidate Frank Hugh O'Donnell.

Home Rule League
The Home Rule League (1873–1882), sometimes called the Home Rule Party, was an Irish political party which campaigned for home rule for Ireland within  the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, until it was replaced by the Irish Parliamentary Party. The Home Rule Confederation of Great Britain was a sister organisation in Great Britain.
Cingestol
Cingestol (INN, USAN) (former tentative brand name Lutisan), also known as 17α-ethynylestr-5-en-17β-ol, is a steroidal progestin of the 19-nortestosterone group that was never marketed. It was synthesized in 1969 and was developed in the 1970s by Organon as a low-dose, progestogen-only contraceptive, but in 1984, was still described as "under investigation". The drug is an isomer of lynestrenol with the double bond between C5 and C6.

Progestogen-only pill
Progestogen-only pills (POPs), colloquially known as "mini pills", are a type of oral contraceptive that contain synthetic progestogens (progestins) and do not contain estrogens. They are primarily used for the prevention of undesired pregnancy, although additional medical uses also exist.

Progestogen-only pills differ from combined oral contraceptive pills (COCPs), which consist of a combination of progestins and estrogens.
Hartley's Crocodile Adventures
Hartley's Crocodile Adventures is a 10-hectare (25-acre) wildlife sanctuary and ecotourism park located between Cairns and Port Douglas at Wangetti in Far North Queensland, Australia. It adjoins the world heritage listed Wet Tropics of Queensland rainforest, through which visitors can take guided or self-guided walks.

Port Douglas
Port Douglas (Kuku-Yalanji: Jabulkanji) is a coastal town and locality in the Shire of Douglas, Queensland, Australia, approximately 60 km (37 mi) north of Cairns.

In the 2021 census, the locality of Port Douglas had a population of 3,650 people.

The town is named in honour of a former Premier of Queensland, John Douglas. Port Douglas developed quickly based on the mining industry. Other parts of the area were established with timber cutting in the area surrounding the Daintree River and with settlement starting on lots around the Mossman River by 1880.

Previous names for the town included Jabulkanji (in Kuku-Yalandji language), Terrigal, Island Point, Port Owen and Salisbury. The town is situated adjacent to two World Heritage areas, the Great Barrier Reef and the Daintree Rainforest.

Port Douglas was No. 3 on Australian Traveller magazine's list of 100 Best Towns in Australia.
6β-Hydroxycortisol
6β-Hydroxycortisol is an endogenous steroid. In humans, it is a metabolite of cortisol produced by cytochrome p450-3A monooxygenases, mainly, 6β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (CYP3A4). 6β-hydroxycortisol is used as a biomarker of 6β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (CYP3A4) activity. Drugs that induce CYP3A4 may accelerate cortisol clearance, by accelerating cortisol conversion to 6β-hydroxycortisol, and vice versa: drugs that inhibit CYP3A4 can slow down cortisol clearance, as they reduce the conversion of cortisol to 6β-hydroxycortisol.

Steroid
A steroid is an organic compound with four fused rings (designated A, B, C, and D) arranged in a specific molecular configuration.

Steroids have two principal biological functions: as important components of cell membranes that alter membrane fluidity; and as signaling molecules. Examples include the lipid cholesterol, sex hormones estradiol and testosterone,: 10–19  anabolic steroids, and the anti-inflammatory corticosteroid drug dexamethasone. Hundreds of steroids are found in fungi, plants, and animals. All steroids are manufactured in cells from a sterol: cholesterol (animals), lanosterol (opisthokonts), or cycloartenol (plants). All three of these molecules are produced via cyclization of the triterpene squalene.
Belarusian Americans in New York City
New York City includes a sizeable Belarusian American population. The New York metropolitan area has one of the largest concentrations of Belarusians in the United States. Many Belarusians live in Brighton Beach and elsewhere in South Brooklyn, along with other ex-Soviet immigrants including Russians and Ukrainians. Around 55,000 people of Belarusian descent live in the New York City metropolitan area, with estimates ranging from 50,000 to 75,000.

Ukrainian Americans in New York City
Ukrainian Americans have been present in New York City as early as the 17th century when the city was called New Amsterdam. However, the first Ukrainian mass immigration wave to New York City occurred during 1870–1899, coinciding with other mass European influxes into the city.
160th Division (People's Republic of China)
The 160th Division(Chinese: 第160师)(2nd Formation) was created in March 1949 basing on the 1st Training Division of Northeastern Military Region.

The division was a part of 47th Corps.

In August 1949 the division was disbanded.

47th Group Army
The 47th Group Army was a group army (corps-sized formation) of the People's Liberation Army It was stationed at Lintong District, Xi'an, Shaanxi as part of the Lanzhou Military Region. It was disbanded in 2016-17, during the Chinese military reforms which had begun two years earlier.

The 160th Division was created in March 1949 basing on the 1st Training Division of Northeastern Military Region. The division became a part of 47th Corps. In August 1949 the division was disbanded.
Gmina Baligród
Gmina Baligród is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Lesko County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. Its seat is the village of Baligród, which lies approximately 15 kilometres (9 mi) south of Lesko and 79 km (49 mi) south of the regional capital Rzeszów.

The gmina covers an area of 158.12 square kilometres (61.1 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 3,176.

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Cisna-Wetlina Landscape Park.

Lesko
Lesko [ˈlɛskɔ] (or Lisko until 1926; Ukrainian: Лісько, romanized: Lisko; Latin: Lescow, alias Olesco Lescovium; Yiddish: לינסק, romanized: Linsk) is a town in south-eastern Poland with a population of 5,755 (02.06.2009) situated in the Bieszczady mountains. It is located in the heartland of the Doły (Pits), and its average altitude is 390 metres (1,280 feet) above sea level, although there are some hills located within the confines of the city. Since 2002 it has been the capital of Lesko County.

Lesko is situated in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship (since 1999); previously it was in Krosno Voivodeship (1975–1998).
Chen Tao (footballer)
Chen Tao (simplified Chinese: 陈涛; traditional Chinese: 陳濤; pinyin: Chén Tāo; born 11 March 1985) is a Chinese football manager and former professional footballer. He is the currently caretaker manager of Shenzhen Peng City.

2005 East Asian Football Championship
The 2005 EAFF East Asian Football Championship was a football competition between teams from East Asian countries and territories held from 31 July to 7 August 2005 in South Korea, with the qualifiers held in Taiwan in March 2005.

China PR, South Korea, and Japan were the automatic finalists. The fourth finalist spot was competed among North Korea, Guam, Hong Kong, Chinese Taipei, and Mongolia. North Korea was the winner in the qualifiers.
Fulda (tires)
Fulda Reifen GmbH was a German tire manufacturer headquartered in Fulda, Hesse. Founded in 1900, it became one of Germany's most recognized tire brands and was later integrated into the Goodyear group. Although the Fulda production plant was closed in 2025, the brand continues to be marketed by Goodyear.

Fulda
Fulda (German pronunciation: [ˈfʊlda] ⓘ; historically in English called Fuld) is a city in Hesse, Germany, on the river Fulda and is the administrative seat of the Fulda district (Kreis). In 1990 the city hosted the 30th Hessentag state festival.
William H. Lough
William Henry Lough Jr. (May 11, 1881 – 1950s) was an American economist, and professor of finance and transportation at the New York University School of Commerce, known for his work in the field of corporate finance.

Consumer spending
Consumer spending is the total money spent on final goods and services by individuals and households.

There are two components of consumer spending: induced consumption (which is affected by the level of income) and autonomous consumption (which is not).
Waaijenberg
Waaijenberg (pronounced ʋɑjøʏnbɛrɣ) is a Dutch carmaker of micro cars, especially low-speed neighborhood-vehicles for wheelchair users and handicapped drivers. Founded in 1966 by Kees Waaijenberg, the firm is headquartered in Veenendaal, Netherlands.

In the 1970s and 1980s, it was popular for importing the Dutch version of Reliant Robin by the British carmaker Reliant. In 1978, the company started making vehicles for the disabled. From 1980 to 1996, they produced a vehicle called the Arola, which was rebadged from an Arola from a French carmaker. In 1995, they released a car called Canta, aimed at the disabled public.

Waaijenberg's microcars have a limited speed of 45 km/h, and are therefore not allowed to be driven on expressways and motorways. By the Dutch law, many of their microcars' drivers do not need a license.

Veenendaal
Veenendaal (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈveːnə(n)ˌdaːl] ⓘ) is a municipality and a town in central Netherlands, located in the province of Utrecht. Veenendaal is the only population centre within its administrative borders. The municipality had a population of 70,000 inhabitants on 8 August 2024 and covers an area of 19.72 km2 (7.61 sq mi).
Netherlands in the Eurovision Song Contest 1972
The Netherlands was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 1972 with the song "Als het om de liefde gaat", composed by Dries Holten, with lyrics by Hans van Hemert, and performed by Sandra and Andres. The Dutch participating broadcaster, Nederlandse Omroep Stichting (NOS), selected its entry through a national final, after having previously selected the performers internally. Sandra would appear twice more at Eurovision (in 1976 and 1979).

Netherlands in the Eurovision Song Contest 1976
The Netherlands was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 1976 with the song "The Party's Over", written by Hans van Hemert, and performed by Sandra Reemer. The Dutch participating broadcaster, Nederlandse Omroep Stichting (NOS), selected its entry through a national final. In addition, NOS was also the host broadcaster and staged the event at the Nederlands Congresgebouw in The Hague, after winning the previous edition with the song "Ding-a-dong" by Teach-In. This was the second of Reemer's three Eurovision appearances for the Netherlands: she had sung in the 1972 contest in a duo with Dries Holten (Andres), and would also take part in the 1979 contest under the name of Xandra.
2024 Finlandia Trophy
The 2024 Finlandia Trophy was the fifth event of the 2024–25 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating: a senior-level international invitational competition series. It was held at the Helsinki Ice Hall in Helsinki, Finland, from November 15–17.  Medals were awarded in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance. Skaters also earned points toward qualifying for the 2024–25 Grand Prix Final.

2024–25 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating
The 2024–25 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating was a series of senior international competitions organized by the International Skating Union that were held from October 2024 through December 2024. Medals were awarded in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance. Skaters earned points based on their placements at each event and the top six in each discipline qualified to compete at the Grand Prix Final in Grenoble, France. The corresponding series for junior-level skaters was the 2024–25 ISU Junior Grand Prix.
PKS 2349−014
PKS 2349−014 is a Seyfert type 1 galaxy and a low-redshift quasar located in the constellation of Pisces. The redshift of the object is (z) 0.173 and it was first discovered by J.G. Bolton as a radio source in 1968 where it was designated as PKS 2349−01. It is also classified as a broad-line radio galaxy and is radio-loud.

Pisces (constellation)
Pisces  is a constellation of the zodiac. Its vast bulk — and main asterism viewed in most European cultures per Greco-Roman antiquity as a distant pair of fishes connected by one cord each that join at an apex — are in the Northern celestial hemisphere. Its traditional astrological symbol is  (♓︎). Its name is Latin for "fishes". It is between Aquarius, of similar size, to the southwest and Aries, which is smaller, to the east. The ecliptic and the celestial equator intersect within this constellation, at the first point of Aries, and in Virgo, at the first point of Libra. The Sun passes directly overhead of the equator, on average, at approximately this point in the sky, at the March equinox.

The right ascension/declination 00 is located within the boundaries of Pisces.
Bathurst 250
The Bathurst 250 was an annual motor racing event, held for the Super2 Series at the Mount Panorama Circuit in Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia. The race supported the Bathurst 1000 which the Supercars Championship (parent series) has run since 1963. The event, which was in later years part of the championship season, was a single-race event, held over an endurance distance of 250 kilometres (160 miles), and allowing for optional driver changes - a first for the series.

In 2020, the event was replaced by a multi-race sprint round, as had previously been run for the category between 2005 and 2013.

Tickford Racing
Tickford Racing (formerly known as Prodrive Racing Australia and Ford Performance Racing) is an Australian motor racing team which competes in the Supercars Championship. The team currently campaigns two Ford Mustangs, with their current drivers being Cam Waters and Thomas Randle. Tickford Racing also competes in the Super2 Series with Reuben Goodall, Lochie Dalton, Rylan Gray and Nash Morris.

The team has won the Bathurst 1000 twice, in 2013 (Winterbottom/Richards) and in 2014 (Mostert/Morris). They have won the driver's championship once, in 2015 with Mark Winterbottom.
37th Japan Academy Film Prize
The 37th Japan Academy Film Prize (第37回日本アカデミー賞) is the 37th edition of the Japan Academy Film Prize, an award presented by the Nippon Academy-Sho Association to award excellence in filmmaking. It awarded the best films of 2013 and it took place on March 7, 2014 at the Grand Prince Hotel New Takanawa in Tokyo, Japan.

Japan Academy Film Prize
The Japan Academy Film Prize (日本アカデミー賞, Nippon Akademii-shou), often called the Japan Academy Prize, the Japan Academy Awards, and the Japanese Academy Awards, is a series of awards given annually since 1978 by the Japan Academy Film Prize Association (日本アカデミー賞協会, Nippon Akademii-shou Kyoukai) for excellence in Japanese film. Award categories are similar to the Academy Awards.
Kong Lung Store
The Kong Lung Store, in Kilauea, Hawaii was originally built, in c. 1941, to be the Kilauea Plantation store.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.

It is a 117-by-67-foot (36 m × 20 m) building, the last stone building built by the Kilauea Sugar Company, built of field stone up to its lower gable level, that was a replacement for a previous wood building.

It is deemed significant as an example of masonry construction in Kilauea, usually used for domestic architecture, here adapted for a commercial building.  And it is significant for association with the sugarcane plantation and the provision of goods to its workers as a plantation store.  The store was managed independently from the plantation, by Chew Lung, son of Lung Wan Chee (b. 1860) who managed the first, predecessor store.  It was originally open from 2am to 5am, operated by workers who then went to work in the plantation fields.

Kīlauea Plantation
The Kīlauea Plantation or Kīlauea Sugar Plantation was a large sugarcane plantation on the north side of Kauaʻi island, Hawaii, including the community of Kīlauea, Hawaii.  It was owned and operated by the 1880-incorporated Kīlauea Sugar Company, which became the Kīlauea Sugar Plantation, Co. from 1899 on.
The original property was bought by an American, Charles Titcomb, from Kamehameha IV by 1863 who used it for cattle ranching.  It was sold to Englishmen John Ross and E.P. Adams, who also leased additional land from Titcomb.  Ross and Adams planted sugarcane, then incorporated a firm.  It was operated as a plantation from 1880 to 1971.