hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Overpopulation
Overpopulation or overabundance is a state in which the population of a species is larger than the carrying capacity of its environment. This may be caused by increased birth rates, lowered mortality rates, reduced predation or large scale migration, leading to an overabundant species and other animals in the ecosystem competing for food, space, and resources. The animals in an overpopulated area may then be forced to migrate to areas not typically inhabited, or die off without access to necessary resources.

Judgements regarding overpopulation always involve both facts and values. Animals are often judged overpopulated when their numbers cause impacts that people find dangerous, damaging, expensive, or otherwise harmful. Societies may be judged overpopulated when their human numbers cause impacts that degrade ecosystem services, decrease human health and well-being, or crowd other species out of existence.

Overgrazing
Overgrazing occurs when plants are exposed to intensive grazing for extended periods of time, or without sufficient recovery periods. It can be caused by either livestock in poorly managed agricultural applications, game reserves, or nature reserves. It can also be caused by immobile, travel restricted populations of native or non-native wild animals.

Overgrazing reduces the usefulness, productivity and biodiversity of the land and is one cause of desertification and erosion. Overgrazing is also seen as a cause of the spread of invasive species of non-native plants and of weeds. Degrading land, emissions from animal agriculture and reducing the biomass in a ecosystem contribute directly to climate change between grazing events.
Ulla Dinger
Ulla Margarete Dinger (born 1955) is a Swedish mathematician specializing in mathematical analysis. She was the first woman to earn a doctorate in mathematics at the University of Gothenburg.

Dinger completed her doctorate at the University of Gothenburg in 1989. Her dissertation, On the ball problem and the Laguerre maximal operators, was jointly supervised by Christer Borell (of the Borell–Brascamp–Lieb inequality) and Peter Sjögren.

She is a senior lecturer in mathematics at the Chalmers University of Technology, where she used to teach real analysis  and heads the program for the Preparatory Year in Natural Sciences.

University of Gothenburg
The University of Gothenburg (Swedish: Göteborgs universitet) is a public university in Gothenburg, Sweden. Founded in 1891, the university is the third-oldest of the current Swedish universities and, with 53,624 students and 6,707 staff members, it is one of the largest universities in the Nordic countries.
Fall Street–Trinity Lane Historic District
Fall Street–Trinity Lane Historic District is a national historic district located at Seneca Falls in Seneca County, New York.  The district includes the archaeological remains of 19th century industrial structures located on three islands in the Seneca River.  Also included are the limestone Trinity Church (1886) and its associated parish house (1916) and the red brick "The Armitage" historic home built about 1850.  Other structures include the board and batten "Cline's Barn" and a rectangular 1920s bandstand.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.

Seneca River (New York)
The Seneca River flows 61.6 miles (99.1 km) through the Finger Lakes region of Upstate New York in the United States. The main tributary of the Oswego River – the second-largest river flowing into Lake Ontario – the Seneca drains 3,468 square miles (8,980 km2) in parts of fourteen New York counties. The Seneca flows generally east, and is wide and deep with a gentle gradient. Much of the river has been channelized to form part of the Erie Canal.
Pontonx-sur-l'Adour
Pontonx-sur-l'Adour (French pronunciation: [pɔ̃tɔ̃ks syʁ laduʁ], literally Pontonx on the Adour; Occitan: Pontons d'Ador) is a commune in the Landes department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

Adour
The Adour (French pronunciation: [aduʁ] ⓘ; Basque: Aturri; Occitan: Ador) is a river in southwestern France. It rises in High-Bigorre (Pyrenees), in the commune of Aspin-Aure, and flows into the Atlantic Ocean (Bay of Biscay) near Bayonne. It is 308.3 kilometres (191.6 mi) long, of which the uppermost ca. 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) is known as the Adour de Payolle. At its final stretch, i.e. on its way through Bayonne and a short extent upstream, the river draws the border between the Northern Basque Country and Landes regions.
Gage Munroe
Gage Munroe (born January 4, 1999) is a Canadian actor. He has performed roles on television programs like Stoked, Murdoch Mysteries, Mr Moon, Falling Skies, and Alphas, and has appeared in films like the 2008 Canadian drama One Week (directed by Michael McGowan) and the 2011 epic Immortals (alongside Henry Cavill and Mickey Rourke).

Munroe's best known role was as PK in the festival-lauded Canadian action film I Declare War. He is also known for providing the voices of Hank N Stein in Hotel Transylvania: The Series, Justin in the first two seasons of Justin Time, Marshall in the first season of PAW Patrol, and for playing Josh Philips in the Christian drama The Shack.

One Week (2008 film)
One Week is a 2008 Canadian drama film written and directed by Michael McGowan and starring Joshua Jackson, Liane Balaban, and Campbell Scott. The film debuted at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 8, 2008, and was released theatrically in Canada by Mongrel Media on March 6, 2009.

Jackson plays Ben Tyler, who has been diagnosed with cancer. Requiring immediate treatment, he instead decides to take a motorcycle trip from Toronto across Canada to Vancouver Island. Along the way, he meets several people that help him reevaluate his relationship with his fiancée Samantha (played by Balaban), his job, and his dream of becoming a writer.

The scenic backdrop of the Canadian landscape as well as an all-Canadian soundtrack serve as prevalent influences in the film.

Joshua Jackson won Best Actor at the 2010 Genie Awards for his portrayal of Ben Tyler. Liane Balaban was nominated for Best Supporting Actress.
DWDC
DWDC (101.3 FM), broadcasting as 101.3 Big Sound FM, is a radio station owned and operated by Vanguard Radio Network. The station's studio and transmitter are located along J. P. Rizal St., Solano, Nueva Vizcaya. This is the pioneer FM station in the province.

Solano, Nueva Vizcaya
Solano, officially the Municipality of Solano (Gaddang: Ili na Solano; Ilocano: Ili ti Solano; Tagalog: Bayan ng Solano), is a municipality in the province of Nueva Vizcaya, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 69,296 people.

According to 2021 data from the Bureau of Local Government Finance, Solano has the highest locally sourced revenue (LSR) of all the municipalities in Region 2 making it one of the notable economic hubs in Cagayan Valley. This further solidified the status of Solano as the undisputed premier town of Cagayan Valley.
Roland Nilsson (shot putter)
Fritz Roland Nilsson (November 26, 1924 – February 21, 2014) was an athlete who was a member of the Swedish Olympic teams in 1948 and 1952.  He was also a member of the Michigan Wolverines men's track and field team. He won six Big Ten Conference championships in the shot put and five event championships at the Penn Relays.

Champaign, Illinois
Champaign (/ˌʃæmˈpeɪn/ sham-PAYN) is a city in Champaign County, Illinois, United States. The population was 88,302 at the 2020 census. It is the tenth-most populous municipality in Illinois and the fourth most populous city in the state outside the Chicago metropolitan area. It is a principal city of the Champaign–Urbana metropolitan area, which had 236,000 residents in 2020.

Champaign shares the main campus of the University of Illinois with its twin city of Urbana, and is also home to Parkland College, which gives the city a large student population during the academic year. Due to the university and a number of technology startup companies, it is often referred to as a hub of the Illinois Silicon Prairie. Champaign houses offices for the Fortune 500 companies Abbott, Archer Daniels Midland (ADM), Caterpillar, John Deere, Dow Chemical Company, IBM, and State Farm. Champaign also serves as the headquarters for several companies, including Jimmy John's.
Dar Tama Department
Dar Tama (Arabic: دار تاما) is one of three departments in Wadi Fira, a region of Chad. Its capital is Gueréda, 165 kilometres (100 mi) northeast of Abéché. The population consists primarily of non-Arab tribes. Dar Tama is the historical home of the Tama, who make up the majority of the population. The Zaghawa make up a significant minority and migrated during the Sahelian drought in the 1980s. Both are non-Arab tribes. Former Chadian president Idriss Déby is from the Zaghawa tribe.

Provinces of Chad
The Republic of Chad is divided into 23 provinces.

Chad was divided into regions in 2002. It was previously divided into prefectures, and then departments.

On 10 August 2018, a new ordinance divided Chad into 23 provinces, 95 departments, and 365 communes. The names of the former regions remained the same but were now called provinces. On 4 July 2024, a new ordinance further divided the 23 provinces into 120 departments and 454 sub-prefectures.

Until 2025, the leaders of the provinces of Chad were known as governors. They are now called delegates general of the government.
Pamela Dutkiewicz
Pamela Dutkiewicz (born 28 September 1991) is a German athlete who specialises in hurdling. She qualified for the 2016 Summer Olympics where she finished 4th in her semifinal for the women's 100 m hurdles and did not advance to the final. She won the silver medal at the 2018 European Championships.

She hails from a Polish sports family. Her mother Brygida Brzęczek was an athlete who won 5 medals at the Polish athletics championships in 800 m. Her father Marian Dutkiewicz was a footballer for Olimpia Poznań and a Poland national under-21 football team.

Poland national under-21 football team
The Poland national under-21 football team (Polish: Reprezentacja Polski U-21 w piłce nożnej) is the national under-21 football team of Poland and is controlled by the Polish Football Association.

This team is for Polish players aged 21 or under at the start of a two-year European Under-21 Championship campaign, so players can be, and often are, up to 23 years old.

The performance of Poland in the U-21 Euro is used to decide if Poland can qualify for the Summer Olympics. Since the team's foundation, Poland only managed to qualify once, the 1992 Summer Olympics thanked for having the best coefficence point among losing quarter-finalists in the 1992 UEFA European Under-21 Championship, but managed to finish second in the tournament.
Bartmann jug
A Bartmann jug (from German Bartmann, 'bearded man'), also called a Bellarmine jug, is a type of decorated salt-glazed stoneware that was manufactured in Europe throughout the 16th and 17th centuries, especially in the Cologne region, in what is today western Germany. The characteristic decorative detail is a bearded face mask appearing on the lower neck of the vessel. They were made as jugs, bottles, and pitchers in various sizes and for a multitude of uses, including storage of food or drink, decanting wine and transporting goods.

Siegburg
Siegburg (German pronunciation: [ˈziːkbʊʁk] ⓘ; i.e. fort on the Sieg river; Ripuarian: Sieburch) is a city in the district of Rhein-Sieg-Kreis in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located on the banks of the rivers Sieg and Agger, 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from the former seat of West German government Bonn and 26 kilometres (16 mi) from Cologne.  The population of the city was 39,192 in the 2013 census.
St. Peter's Presbyterian Church
St. Peter's Presbyterian Church is located at the junction of New York State Route 203 and South Street (Columbia County Route 7) in Spencertown, New York, United States. It is a tall frame building in a style similar to those found in New England, the native region of many of the area's original 18th century settlers. Just to its east is Spencertown Cemetery, with graves dating to 1760, shortly after the area was settled and the congregation formed.

The church was built in 1771, across the road from where it now stands. It was moved to its present location and expanded slightly in 1826. Over the rest of the 19th and 20th centuries it was renovated and modified slightly. In 2002 it and the cemetery were added to the National Register of Historic Places.

Austerlitz, New York
Austerlitz is a town in Columbia County, New York, United States. The population was 1,625 at the 2020 census. The town was named after the Battle of Austerlitz.

The town is in the eastern part of Columbia County.
Hairstyling tool
Hairstyling tools may include hair irons (including flat and curling irons), hair dryers, hairbrushes (both flat and round), hair rollers, diffusers and various types of scissors.

Hair dressing might also include the use of product to add texture, shine, curl, volume or hold to a particular style.

Hair
Hair is a protein filament that grows from follicles found in the dermis. Hair is one of the defining characteristics of mammals.
The human body, apart from areas of glabrous skin, is covered in follicles which produce thick terminal and fine vellus hair. Most common interest in hair is focused on hair growth, hair types, and hair care, but hair is also an important biomaterial primarily composed of protein, notably alpha-keratin.

Attitudes towards different forms of hair, such as hairstyles and hair removal, vary widely across different cultures and historical periods, but it is often used to indicate a person's personal beliefs or social position, such as their age, gender, or religion.
Thomas Rose (died 1837)
Thomas Rose (died 3 March 1837) was an early pioneer in the settlement of the British colony in New South Wales, Australia. After being transported from Britain for housebreaking, he established himself as first a baker, and then later a publican in Sydney. His grant and purchase of land in the Campbelltown area saw some of the earliest water conservation for agriculture in the colony, and the construction of one of the country's first windmills.

There was more than one Thomas Rose who played a pioneering role in the New South Wales colony. For the purposes of distinguishing them, this one is often known as Thomas Rose of Mount Gilead.

Campbelltown, New South Wales
Campbelltown is a suburb in Outer South Western Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It is located 53 kilometres (33 mi) south-west of the Sydney central business district by road. Campbelltown is the administrative centre for the City of Campbelltown local government area.
Hysterical (podcast)
Hysterical is a podcast hosted by Dan Taberski and produced by Wondery and Pineapple Street Media. The podcast is composed of seven episodes. The show is about a mass psychogenic illness that occurred in 2011 to some cheerleaders in Le Roy, New York. Over a dozen 
girls experienced symptoms similar to Tourette syndrome without any clear causes. The show discusses the 1970 Lehigh Valley Railroad derailment as a potential cause. The town also has a large former Jell-o factory that has polluted a nearby river. The show explores the misogynistic history of hysteria. Throughout the show Taberski interviews most of the people involved with the incident.

James Marriott wrote in The Times that "There is much to enjoy here but, as with so many shows nowadays, there is way too much padding."

1970 Lehigh Valley Railroad derailment
The 1970 Lehigh Valley Railroad derailment was a train derailment in the town of Le Roy, New York, that resulted in a toxic chemical spill severe enough to qualify as a Superfund site. As of 2024, the site is still undergoing remediation.
International Discworld Convention
The International Discworld Convention, also known as DWCon, is a biennial science fiction convention held in the United Kingdom on even-numbered years. DWCon was first held in 1996 by members of the Usenet newsgroup alt.fan.pratchett.

The DWCon is a fan-run convention focussing on the Discworld novels and other works by Terry Pratchett. The programme has several events that appear each time such as the Gala Dinner, Maskerade (spelled in this manner due to Pratchett's novel of the same name), Charity Auction, Guest of Honour Interview, and "Terry's Bedtime Stories". The conventions regularly feature large attendee-run groups that have been known variously as Guilds and Sects. There are also smaller events such as interviews, games and competitions, guest klatches, and other activities.

Maskerade
Maskerade is a fantasy novel by British writer Terry Pratchett, the eighteenth book in the Discworld series. The witches Granny Weatherwax and Nanny Ogg visit the Ankh-Morpork Opera House to find Agnes Nitt, a girl from Lancre, and get caught up in a story similar to The Phantom of the Opera.
Nelė Žilinskienė
Nelė Žilinskienė (née Savickytė, born 29 December 1969) is a lithuanian retired female high jumper. Born in Telšiai, her personal best jump, first cleared in Vilnius in July 1994, was 1.96 metres. She again cleared this height when finishing fifth in the 1996 Olympic final.

Athletics at the 1996 Summer Olympics
At the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, 44 events in athletics were contested. There were a total number of 2053 participating athletes from 191 countries.

A total of two world records and 14 Olympic records were set during the competition.
LunIR
LunIR (Lunar InfraRed Imaging, formerly known as SkyFire) is a nanosatellite spacecraft launched to the Moon collecting surface spectroscopy and thermography. It was launched as a secondary payload on the Artemis 1 mission on 16 November 2022.

Lockheed Martin Space
Lockheed Martin Space  is one of the four major business divisions of Lockheed Martin. It has its headquarters in Littleton, Colorado, with additional sites in Valley Forge, Pennsylvania; Sunnyvale, California; Santa Cruz, California; Huntsville, Alabama; and elsewhere in the United States and United Kingdom. The division employs about 20,000 people, and its products include commercial and military satellites, space probes, missile defense systems, NASA's Orion spacecraft, and the Space Shuttle external tank.
Kourosh Rajoli
Kourosh Rajoli (born January 19, 1985) is an Iranian taekwondo athlete. He is a double gold medalist at the Asian Taekwondo Championships and a bronze medalist at the 2011 World Taekwondo Championships.
In the 2006 Asian Taekwondo Championships's final, he defeated Choi Seong-Ho and in the 2008 Asian Taekwondo Championships's final, he overcame Yuan Ming-Che.

Asian Taekwondo Championships
The Asian Taekwondo Championships are the Asian senior championships in Taekwondo, first held in South Korea in 1973. The event is held every two years and is organized by the Asian Taekwondo Union, the continental affiliate of World Taekwondo, which organises and controls Olympic style taekwondo.
Heat 4 Yo Azz
Heat 4 Yo Azz is the debut studio album by American rapper Celly Cel. It was released in 1994 via Sick Wid' It Records. Recording sessions took place at The Mob Shop in Vallejo and at K-Lou Studios in Richmond. Production was handled by Studio Ton, Mike Mosley and Sam Bostic. It features guest appearances from E-40, Levitti, B-Legit, Kaveo, Kim Larson, Mac Shawn, Marijuna, Mugzi and T-Pup.

In the United States, the album peaked at number 34 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart. It was re-released through Jive Records the same year without the track "Zig Zags & Body Bags".

Richmond, California
Richmond is a city in western Contra Costa County, California, United States. The city was incorporated on August 3, 1905, and has a city council. Located in the San Francisco Bay Area's East Bay region, Richmond borders San Pablo, Albany, El Cerrito and Pinole in addition to the unincorporated communities of North Richmond, Hasford Heights, Kensington, El Sobrante, Bayview-Montalvin Manor, Tara Hills, and East Richmond Heights, and for a short distance San Francisco on Red Rock Island in the San Francisco Bay.

Richmond is one of two cities, the other being San Rafael, that sits on the shores of both San Francisco Bay and San Pablo Bay. Its population was 116,448 as of the 2020 United States census making it the second largest city in the United States named Richmond after Richmond, Virginia.
Gopana
Gopana (c. 14th century CE) was an army officer and a Telugu poet who composed Sindhumati Vilasamu, the first Telugu literary work of the Southern school. Gopana was also one of the important generals in the army of the Vijayanagara prince Kumara Kampana II and played a leading role in the conquest of the Madurai Sultanate.

Gopana who was the General of Kumara Kampana II, the son of Bukka Raya the founder of Vijayanagara empire credited to sweep the country clear of Islamic invaders, killed the Muslim governor at Madurai, restored the temple of Srirangam to its former condition. The idol of Ranganatha was restored to its own home.

Madurai Sultanate
The Ma'bar Sultanate, also known as the Madurai Sultanate, was a short lived kingdom based in the city of Madurai in modern-day Tamil Nadu, India. It was dominated by Hindustani speaking Muslims. The sultanate was proclaimed in 1335 in Madurai led by Jalaluddin Ahsan Khan, a native of Kaithal in North India, declared his independence from the Sultanate of Delhi.

Ahsan Khan and his descendants ruled the Madurai Sultanate and surrounding territories until 1378 when the last sultan, Ala-ud-Din Sikandar Shah was killed in the battle of Madurai by Kumara Kampana and his forces were defeated by Vijayanagara forces and the Vijayanagara Empire conquered the Sultanate. During this short span of 43 years, the Sultanate had eight different rulers.
Northern Lights: A Journey to Love
Northern Lights: A Journey to Love is a 2017 Filipino drama film directed by Dondon S. Santos and written by Onay Sales that stars Piolo Pascual, Yen Santos, and Raikko Mateo. The film is a collaboration between Regal Entertainment, Star Cinema, and Spring Films. The film's executive producers were Lily Monteverde, Roselle Monteverde, Charo Santos-Concio, Malou Santos, Piolo Pascual, Joyce Bernal, and Erickson Raymundo. The film was released on March 29, 2017.

Regal Entertainment
Regal Entertainment Inc. (formerly and more commonly known as Regal Films) is a Philippine film, television production and distribution headquartered in New Manila, Quezon City. It was founded by Lily Monteverde on August 19, 1962. Regal Entertainment is one of the largest film studios in the Philippines, along with Star Cinema, GMA Pictures, and Viva Films.
Eric McKenzie
Eric Norman McKenzie (9 December 1910 – 28 April 1994) was an Australian cricketer. A right-handed batsman, McKenzie represented Western Australia in his only first-class match, against the South African tourists at Perth in October 1931. He also played in grade cricket, and played field hockey for Western Australia. McKenzie enlisted in the Australian Army during the Second World War, and was posted to England, where he played in several games for an army cricket team. His brother Douglas McKenzie and son Graham McKenzie also represented Western Australia.

Western Australia cricket team
The Western Australian men's cricket team, formerly nicknamed the Western Warriors, represent the Australian state of Western Australia in Australian domestic cricket. The team is selected and supported by the Western Australian Cricket Association (WACA), and plays its home games at the WACA Ground and Perth Stadium in Perth.

The team mainly plays matches against other Australian states in the first-class Sheffield Shield competition and the 50 over One-Day Cup, but occasionally plays matches against touring international sides. Western Australia previously also fielded sides at Twenty20 level, but was replaced by the Perth Scorchers for the inaugural 2011–12 season of the Big Bash League. Western Australia's current captains are Sam Whiteman in the Sheffield Shield and Ashton Turner in the One-Day Cup, and the current coach is Adam Voges.