hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kanai Chandra Mondal
Kanai Chandra Mondal is an Indian politician from West Bengal. He is a three time elected Member of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly from 2011, 2016 as a member of Communist Party of India (Marxist), and 2021, representing Nabagram Assembly constituency as a member of the Trinamool Congress.

Trinamool Congress
The Trinamool Congress (TMC; transl. Grassroots Congress), officially All India Trinamool Congress, is an Indian political party that is mainly influential in the state of West Bengal. It was founded by Mamata Banerjee on 1 January 1998 as a breakaway faction of the Indian National Congress and rapidly rose to prominence in the politics of West Bengal under her leadership. Presently, it is ruling the state of West Bengal beside being the third-largest party in India in terms of number of MPs just after the Bharatiya Janata Party and National Congress.

The party won a historic victory in the 2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election by ending the 34-year-long Left Front rule, world's longest democratically elected communist government. It has won a three-time majority in the West Bengal Legislative Assembly and has been the ruling party in West Bengal since 20 May 2011. AITC is led by Mamata Banerjee as the chairperson of the party.
Suffrage Emergency Corps
The Suffrage Emergency Corps was a special group of suffragists formed after nearly two-thirds of the states had ratified the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. Only one more state was needed to ratify, and suffragists hoped they could convince Governor Marcus H. Holcomb to make his state of Connecticut the thirty-sixth. A team of women, sponsored by the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) chose delegates from the other states to travel to Connecticut in early May 1920 to convince the governor to open a special legislative session to consider ratifying the amendment. The event garnered publicity, but it did not convince the governor to proceed with the session.

Helen Ring Robinson
Helen Ring Robinson (1878–1923), was an American suffragist, writer, and political office holder. She was the first woman to serve as a state senator in the United States and the first in the Colorado State Senate. She was elected in 1912 and began her service in the 19th Colorado General Assembly, when she was sworn in on January 1, 1913. She was inducted into the Colorado Women's Hall of Fame in 2014.
Lady K'atun Ajaw of Namaan
Lady K'atun Ajaw of Namaan (born July 5, 674 CE, 5 Kib 14 Yaxk’in in the Maya calendar), was the queen and consort of K'inich Yo'nal Ahk II, the ajaw (or king) of Piedras Negras, Maya city in Guatemala.  Her image appears on stelae 1 and 3 of Piedras Negras. She is also referenced on a set of three conch shells from a royal burial at Piedras Negras, leading some to believe the burial contained her body.

Though scholars typically refer to her as Lady Kʼatun Ajaw, her name in ancient Ch'olan, the language of the hieroglyphs, was probably Ix Winik Haab' Ajaw.

Chʼolan languages
The Chʼolan languages form a branch of the Mayan family of languages, comprising four languages, namely, Chʼol, Chʼoltiʼ, Chʼortiʼ, and Chontal. Notably, the language of Mayan hieroglyphs is now deemed the ancestor of one or more of the Ch’olan languages.
History of DJing
DJing is the act of playing existing recorded music for a live audience.

For the history of radio disc jockeys, see Radio disc jockey history.

The modern DJ's role as a performer has evolved immensely since its conception. The role originated with radio personalities who would simply select singles to be played over the radio. The contemporary role involves creating a seamless mix of music, generally using two turntables or a digital controller, intended for an audience at a club or dance party.

Afrika Bambaataa
Lance Taylor (born April 17, 1957), also known as Afrika Bambaataa (/ˌæfrɪkə bæmˈbɑːtə/), is a retired American DJ, rapper, and record producer. He is notable for releasing a series of genre-defining electro tracks in the 1980s that influenced the development of hip hop culture. Afrika Bambaataa is one of the originators of breakbeat DJing.

Through his co-opting of his street gang Black Spades into the music and culture-oriented organization Universal Zulu Nation, he has helped spread hip hop culture throughout the world.
In May 2016, Bambaataa left his position as head of the Universal Zulu Nation due to multiple allegations of child sexual abuse dating as far back as the 1970s.
Donata Vogtschmidt
Donata Katharina Rebecca Vogtschmidt (born 24 February 1998) is a German politician from Die Linke. She was a member of the Landtag of Thuringia from 2021 to 2024. In the 2025 German federal election she was elected to the 21st German Bundestag via her party's state list.

Arnstadt
Arnstadt (German pronunciation: [ˈaʁnˌʃtat] ⓘ) is a town in Ilm-Kreis, Thuringia, Germany, on the river Gera about 20 kilometres (12 mi) south of Erfurt, the capital of Thuringia. Arnstadt is one of the oldest towns in Thuringia, and has a well-preserved historic centre with a partially preserved town wall. The town is nicknamed Das Tor zum Thüringer Wald ("The Gateway to the Thuringian Forest") because of its location on the northern edge of that forest. Arnstadt has a population of approximately 27,000.
The Three Stooges (video game)
The Three Stooges is a video game released by Cinemaware in 1987 for the Amiga based on the comedy trio of the same name. Players control Stooges Moe, Larry, and Curly in minigames based on Stooges films with the aim of raising enough money to save an orphanage. It was ported to the Apple IIGS, Commodore 64, MS-DOS, NES and Game Boy Advance. The game has been praised as a faithful adaptation of the Stooges films, but has been criticized for repetitive gameplay and limited replay value.

A remake was released for Microsoft Windows and Macintosh.

Minigame
A minigame (also spelled mini game and mini-game, sometimes called a subgame or microgame) is a short game often contained within another video game. A minigame contains different gameplay elements  and is often smaller or more simplistic than the game in which it is contained.

Some video games consist entirely of minigames which tie into an overall theme, such as Olympic Decathlon (1980). Minigames can also be used to represent a specific experience, such as hacking and lock picking, both of which are found in Bethesda games, or scanning an area, that ties into a larger game.
Taitsville, Missouri
Taitsville is an unincorporated community in northern Ray County, in the U.S. state of Missouri and part of the Kansas City metropolitan area.

The community is located at the end of Missouri Route VV approximately four miles northeast of Knoxville. The East Fork of Crooked River flows past the east side of the community.

Crooked River (Missouri)
The Crooked River is a tributary of the Missouri River in west-central Missouri in the United States. The stream has also been known historically as "Big Creek," "Little River" and "Tiger River." The Crooked River was named for its meandering disposition. Big Creek refers to the stream's status as the largest tributary to the Missouri River in the county.

The Crooked River headwaters arise approximately four miles southeast of Lathrop just east of I-35 in southeastern Clinton County and flows generally southeastwardly through the southwest corner of Caldwell and Ray counties. In southwestern Ray County it collects the short East Fork and West Fork and flows into the Missouri River, approximately 4 miles (6 km) south of Hardin and 2.5 miles northeast of Lexington across the Missouri in northern Lafayette County.
Fossilization (linguistics)
In linguistic morphology, fossilization refers to two close notions. One is preserving of ancient linguistic features which have lost their grammatical functions in language. Another is loss of productivity of a grammatical paradigm (e.g. of an affix), which still remains in use in some words.

Examples of fossilization include fossilized morphemes and fossil words.

The term interlanguage fossilization refers to common types of errors made by most adult second-language learners, differing from the idiomatic usage of native-language learners. These are erroneous generalizations or simplified language rules, which may be classified as phonological fossilization, lexical fossilization, syntactic fossilization and pragmatic fossilization. These errors occur regardless of exposure to the language or education level.

Affix
In linguistics, an affix is a morpheme that is attached to a word stem to form a new word or word form. The main two categories are derivational and inflectional affixes. Derivational affixes,  such as un-, -ation, anti-, pre- etc., introduce a semantic change to the word they are attached to. Inflectional affixes introduce a syntactic change, such as singular into plural (e.g. -(e)s), or present simple tense into present continuous or past tense by  adding -ing, -ed to an English word. All of them are bound morphemes by definition; prefixes and suffixes may be separable affixes.
Israel in the Eurovision Song Contest 2017
Israel was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 2017 with the song "I Feel Alive", written by Dolev Ram and Penn Hazut, and performed by Imri. The Israeli participating broadcaster, Israel Broadcasting Authority (IBA), collaborated with the commercial broadcaster Keshet and Tedy Productions to organise the reality singing competition HaKokhav HaBa L'Eirovizion ("The Next Star for Eurovision") to select the singer. Subsequently, a committee of the broadcaster internally selected for him the song, which was presented to the public on 13 March 2017.

Israel was drawn to compete in the second semi-final of the Eurovision Song Contest which took place on 11 May 2017. Performing as the closing entry during the show in position 18, "I Feel Alive" was announced among the top 10 entries of the second semi-final and therefore qualified to compete in the final on 13 May.

A-Ba-Ni-Bi
"A-Ba-Ni-Bi" (Hebrew script: א-ב-ני-בי; bet-language language game for the word אני aní, meaning "I" in Hebrew) is a song recorded by Israeli group Izhar Cohen and the Alphabeta, with music composed by Nurit Hirsh and Hebrew lyrics written by Ehud Manor. It represented Israel in the Eurovision Song Contest 1978 held in Paris, winning the contest.
Albert Dubly
Albert Charles Dubly (2 September 1881 – 23 December 1949) was a French footballer who played as a defender for RC Roubaix in the early 20th century. He was also a member of the French squad that competed in the football tournament of the 1908 Olympic Games in London, but he did not play in any matches.

1902 USFSA Football Championship
The 1902 USFSA Football Championship was the 9th staging of the USFSA Football Championship. The tournament was held on the road between 13 and 20 April 1902. This edition was contested by the four clubs who won their regional championship and it was played in a knock-out format, with only three games played (two semi-finals and a final).

RC Roubaix, champion of the North, won the title by winning the final against Racing Club de France, champion of Paris, by scoring the winning goal in the sixth extra-time, after nearly three hours of play.
Avellaneda
Avellaneda (Latin American Spanish: [aβeʝaˈneða], locally [aβeʃaˈneða]) is a port city in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, and the seat of the Avellaneda Partido, whose population was 367,554 as per the 2022 census [INDEC]. Avellaneda is located within the Greater Buenos Aires metropolitan area, and is connected to neighboring Buenos Aires by several bridges over the Riachuelo River.

Provinces of Argentina
Argentina has 23 provinces (Spanish: provincias, singular provincia) and one autonomous city, Buenos Aires, which serves as the federal capital, as determined by Congress.

The provinces and the capital have their own constitutions and exist under a federal system.
Miles City, Florida
Miles City is an unincorporated community in Collier County, Florida, United States, located near the intersection of the Alligator Alley portion of Interstate 75 and State Road 29. The community is part of the Naples–Marco Island Metropolitan Statistical Area. The name came from Miles Collier (1914-1954), son of area land owner Barron Collier.

Miles City opened in the 1920s and was home to dozens of families who worked at the Roskey Packing Plant. It was also a former stop on the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad (Harrisburg-Everglades City branch).

Atlantic Coast Line Railroad
The Atlantic Coast Line Railroad (reporting mark ACL) was a United States Class I railroad formed in 1900, though predecessor railroads had used the ACL brand since 1871. In 1967, it merged with long-time rival Seaboard Air Line Railroad to form the Seaboard Coast Line Railroad. Much of the original ACL network has been part of CSX Transportation since 1986.

The Atlantic Coast Line served the Southeast, with a concentration of lines in Florida. Numerous named passenger trains were operated by the railroad for Florida-bound tourists, with the Atlantic Coast Line contributing significantly to Florida's economic development in the first half of the 20th century.

At the end of 1925, ACL operated 4,924 miles of road, not including its flock of subsidiaries; after some merging, mileage at the end of 1960 was 5,570 not including A&WP, CN&L, East Carolina, Georgia, Rockingham, and V&CS. In 1960, ACL reported 10,623 million net ton-miles of revenue freight and 490 million passenger-miles.
Portland Works
Portland Works is a former cutlery works in the Highfield area of Sheffield in England. Built in 1877, it is now a Grade II* listed building and one of the last remaining working examples of a purpose built metal trades factory. In early 2013, it was bought by nearly five hundred people, through one of the country's largest community share issues. Today Portland Works operates a collection of workspaces for traditional and modern craftspeople and is home to more than 30 small businesses.

City ward, Sheffield
53°22′34″N 1°28′52″W﻿ / ﻿53.376°N 1.481°W﻿ / 53.376; -1.481

City ward — which includes the districts of Highfield, Kelham Island and the city centre — is one of the 28 electoral wards in City of Sheffield, England. It covers the central area of the city. The ward was created following the 2015 local government boundary review out of part of the old Central ward, which, with a population of 36,412, was the largest ward in the UK. City is one of the wards that make up the Sheffield Central constituency.
Gatewood, Seattle
Gatewood is a neighborhood of West Seattle in Seattle, Washington. Situated on the highest hill in Seattle it overlooks Puget Sound, the Olympic Mountains, and downtown Seattle.  It is generally bounded to the north and south by Raymond and Thistle Streets respectively, to the east by 35th Avenue, and the west by California Avenue and Fauntleroy Way. The neighborhood's landmarks include the Gatewood School, currently an elementary school. It is minutes from Lincoln Park.

Lincoln Park (Seattle)
Lincoln Park is a 135 acres (0.55 km2) park in West Seattle alongside Puget Sound.  The park's attractions include forest trails, a paved walkway along the beach, athletic fields, picnic shelters, and a heated saltwater swimming pool which is open during the summer. The park is adjacent to the Fauntleroy neighborhood.
Babi Yar in poetry
Poems about Babi Yar commemorate the massacres committed by the German Einsatzgruppen during World War II at Babi Yar, in a ravine located within the present-day Ukrainian capital of Kyiv. In just one of these atrocities – taking place over September 29–30, 1941 – 33,771 Jewish men, women and children were killed in a single Einsatzgruppen operation.

Massacre
A massacre is an event of killing defenseless human beings or other animals. It is generally used to describe a targeted mass killing of civilians by an armed group. It can also be used figuratively to refer to a one-sided exchange between armed groups. The word is a loan of a French term for "butchery" or "carnage". Other terms with overlapping scope include war crime, pogrom, mass killing, mass murder, and extrajudicial killing.
Aviatik C.V
The Aviatik C.V was an experimental reconnaissance biplane with a distinctive gull upper wing built by Automobil und Aviatik AG for the Imperial German Army's (Deutsches Heer) Imperial German Air Service (Luftstreitkräfte) during the First World War. The single prototype was built in 1917.

It was listed in front-line service in June 1917, but this may have been a clerical error.

Reconnaissance aircraft
A reconnaissance aircraft (colloquially, a spy plane) is a  military aircraft designed or adapted to perform aerial reconnaissance with roles including collection of imagery intelligence (including using photography), signals intelligence, as well as measurement and signature intelligence. Modern technology has also enabled some aircraft and UAVs to carry out real-time surveillance in addition to general intelligence gathering.

Before the development of devices such as radar, military forces relied on reconnaissance aircraft for visual observation and scouting of enemy movement.  An example is the PBY Catalina maritime patrol flying boat used by the Allies in World War II:  a flight of U.S. Navy Catalinas spotted part of the Japanese fleet approaching Midway Island, beginning the Battle of Midway.
Holod, Bihor
Holod (Hungarian: Pusztahollód) is a commune in Bihor County, Crișana, Romania. It is composed of eight villages: Dumbrava (Tenkemocsár), Dumbrăvița (Kisdombró), Forosig (Forrószeg), Hodiș (Káptalanhodos), Holod, Lupoaia (Farkaspatak), Valea Mare de Codru (Alsópatak), and Vintere (Venter).

At the 2011 census, the commune had 3,309 inhabitants; of those, 77.2% were Romanians, 21.3% Roma, and 0.8% Hungarians. At the 2021 census, Holod had a population of 3,221, of which 87.24% were Romanians and 2.39% Roma.

Crișana
Crișana (Romanian: Crișana, Hungarian: Körösvidék, German: Kreischgebiet) is a geographical and historical region of Romania named after the Criș (Körös) River and its three tributaries: the Crișul Alb, Crișul Negru, and Crișul Repede. In Romania, the term is sometimes extended to include areas beyond the border, in Hungary; in this interpretation, the region is bounded to the east by the Apuseni Mountains, to the south by the Mureș River, to the north by the Someș River, and to the west by the Tisza River, the Romanian-Hungarian border cutting it in two. However, in Hungary, the area between the Tisza River and  the Romanian border is usually known as Tiszántúl.
Polyptychia fasciculosa
Polyptychia fasciculosa is a moth of the family Notodontidae first described by Cajetan and Rudolf Felder in 1874. It is found in the Guiana Shield and in Amazonia in South America, including Colombia.

Larvae feed on Passiflora species.

Cajetan von Felder
Baron Cajetan von Felder (German: Cajetan Freiherr von Felder; 19 September 1814 – 30 November 1894) was an Austrian lawyer, entomologist and liberal politician. He served as mayor of Vienna from 1868 to 1878.
Eric Feigl-Ding
Eric Liang Feigl-Ding (Chinese: 丁亮; né Ding, born March 28, 1983) is an American public health scientist who is currently an epidemiologist and Chief of COVID Task Force at the New England Complex Systems Institute. He was formerly a faculty member and researcher at Harvard Medical School and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. He is also the Chief Health Economist for Microclinic International, and co-founder of the World Health Network. His research and advocacy have primarily focused on obesity, nutrition, cancer prevention, and biosecurity.

In January 2020, Feigl-Ding sounded an early alarm about COVID-19 and called for preparedness. His call for pandemic alarm went viral on Twitter and was amplified by media outlets. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Feigl-Ding's Twitter posts on the matter were popular. His tweets on the pandemic have been criticized by other scientists as alarmist, misleading, and inaccurate.

David Wallace-Wells
David Wallace-Wells (born 1982) is an American journalist known for his writings on climate change. He wrote the 2017 essay "The Uninhabitable Earth"; the essay was published in New York as a long-form article and was the most-read article in the history of the magazine.

Wells later expanded the article into a 2019 book of the same title. At the time, he was  deputy editor of New York Magazine and extensively covered the climate crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic. In March 2022 he was hired by The New York Times to write a weekly newsletter and contribute to The New York Times Magazine.
Blue Mountain Melody
Blue Mountain Melody (also seen as The Blue Mountains Melody) is a 1934 Australian musical comedy. The musical is set in and around Sydney, Australia; with scenes in the Blue Mountains, New South Wales, Palm Beach, New South Wales, and Kings Cross, New South Wales. It was a rare local musical produced by J. C. Williamson Ltd. The firm commissioned it following the success of Collits' Inn.

Blue Mountain Melody's original production featuring Madge Elliott and Cyril Ritchard opened at the Theatre Royal in Sydney in September 1934. The production moved to Melbourne at His Majesty's Theatre in November 1934.

Plans were announced to make a movie of it using the stage cast under the direction of Frederick Blackman. However the musical was not a notable success and Williamson did not produce another local original musical until The Sentimental Bloke in the early 1960s.

Kings Cross, New South Wales
Kings Cross is an inner-eastern locality of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It is located approximately 2 kilometres east of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of the City of Sydney. It is bounded by the suburbs of Potts Point, Elizabeth Bay, Rushcutters Bay and Darlinghurst.

Colloquially known as The Cross, the area was once known for its music halls and grand theatres. It was rapidly transformed after World War II by the influx of troops returning and visiting from the nearby Garden Island naval base. It became known as Sydney's night entertainment and red-light district, earning the nickname "Sin City"; however, many nightclubs, bars and adult entertainment venues closed due to the Sydney lockout laws. Today, it is a mixed locality offering services such as a railway station, gyms, supermarkets and bakeries as well as entertainment venues including bars, restaurants, nightclubs, brothels and strip clubs.
Kati Sundqvist
Kati Venäläinen-Sundqvist (born Kati Sundqvist on February 15, 1975 in Noormarkku, Satakunta) is a Finnish cross-country skier who has competed since 1995. She won a silver medal in the individual sprint at the 2001 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in Lahti.

Sundqvist's best individual finish at the Winter Olympics was 16th in the 5 km + 5 km combined pursuit at Salt Lake City in 2002. She has five individual career victories up to 10 km from 2002 to 2005.

FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2001
The FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2001 took place February 15–25, 2001 in Lahti, Finland, for a record sixth time, previous events having been held in 1926, 1938, 1958, 1978 and 1989. These championships also saw the most event changes since the 1950s, with the 5 km women and 10 km men's events being discontinued, the 10 km women and 15 km men's events returning to their normal status for the first time since the 1991 championships, the debut of a combined pursuit as a separate category (5 km + 5 km for women, 10 km + 10 km for men), the addition of the individual sprint race for both genders, and the debut of the ski jumping team normal hill event. Extremely cold weather (−23 °C (−9 °F)) cancelled the women's 30 km event. The biggest controversy occurred when a doping scandal hit the host nation of Finland, resulting in six disqualifications. This would serve as a prelude to further doping cases in cross country skiing at the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City the following year.