hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Weak heap
In computer science, a weak heap is a data structure for priority queues, combining features of the binary heap and binomial heap.  It can be stored in an array as an implicit binary tree like a binary heap, and has the efficiency guarantees of binomial heaps.

A sorting algorithm using weak heaps, weak-heapsort, uses a number of comparisons that is close to the theoretical lower bound on the number of comparisons required to sort a list, so is particularly useful when comparison is expensive, such as when comparing strings using the full Unicode collation algorithm.

Sorting algorithm
In computer science, a sorting algorithm is an algorithm that puts elements of a list into an order. The most frequently used orders are numerical order and lexicographical order, and either ascending or descending. Efficient sorting is important for optimizing the efficiency of other algorithms (such as search and merge algorithms) that require input data to be in sorted lists. Sorting is also often useful for canonicalizing data and for producing human-readable output.

Formally, the output of any sorting algorithm must satisfy two conditions:

The output is in monotonic order (each element is no smaller/larger than the previous element, according to the required order).

The output is a permutation (a reordering, yet retaining all of the original elements) of the input.

Although some algorithms are designed for sequential access, the highest-performing algorithms assume data is stored in a data structure which allows random access.
Aziz Aslam Shaikh
Aziz Aslam Shaikh (born 15 October 1956 in Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan) is a member of the Assembly of the Punjab (district PP-297). He was first elected in 2002 and is a member of the Pakistan People's Party Parliamentarians. He is an agriculturist and businessman with an M.B.A. degree from Dallas Baptist University.

Rahim Yar Khan
Rahim Yar Khan (Urdu: رحیم یار خان, romanized: Rahīm Yār Khān; Urdu pronunciation: [ɾəɦiːm jɑːɾ xɑːn]) is a city in the Punjab, Pakistan. It is the 21st most populous city in Pakistan and is the capital of the Rahim Yar Khan District. The city's administration is divided into nine union councils. Originally named Noshehra, it was renamed to Rahim Yar Khan in honour of the son of Sadeq Mohammad Khan IV.
Sodium sulfate symporter
Sodium sulfate symporters are integral membrane proteins that mediate the intake of a wide variety of molecules with the concomitant uptake of sodium ions. These sodium symporters can be grouped, on the basis of sequence and functional similarities into a number of distinct families. One of these families, also known as SLC13 transporters, consists of the following proteins:

Mammalian sodium/sulphate cotransporter.

Mammalian renal sodium/dicarboxylate cotransporter, which transports succinate and citrate.

Mammalian intestinal sodium/dicarboxylate cotransporter.

Chlamydomonas reinhardtii putative sulphur deprivation response regulator SAC1.

This family also includes a number of bacterial symporters.

Citric acid
Citric acid is an organic compound with the formula C6H8O7. It is a colorless weak organic acid. It occurs naturally in citrus fruits. In biochemistry, it is an intermediate in the citric acid cycle, which occurs in the metabolism of all aerobic organisms.

More than two million tons of citric acid are manufactured every year. It is used widely as acidifier, flavoring, preservative, and chelating agent.

A citrate is a derivative of citric acid; that is, the salts, esters, and the polyatomic anion found in solutions and salts of citric acid. An example of the former, a salt is trisodium citrate; an ester is triethyl citrate. When citrate trianion is part of a salt, the formula of the citrate trianion is written as C6H5O3−7 or C3H5O(COO)3−3.
Marlon Lewis
Marlon Shaun Lewis (born 7 October 1987) is a South African rugby union player.

He played for the Mighty Elephants in various youth competitions, but moved to the Blue Bulls in 2006, where he was part of the 2006 Vodacom Cup squad.  He stayed there for two seasons, then moved back to the Eastern Province Kings in 2008.

2006 Vodacom Cup
The 2006 Vodacom Cup was the 9th edition of this annual domestic cup competition. The Vodacom Cup is played between provincial rugby union teams in South Africa from the Currie Cup Premier and First Divisions.
Babel (soundtrack)
Babel is the original soundtrack album, on the Concord label, of the 2006 Academy Award-nominated and Golden Globe Award-winning film Babel directed by Alejandro González Iñárritu and starring Brad Pitt, Cate Blanchett, Adriana Barraza, Gael García Bernal, Rinko Kikuchi and Kōji Yakusho. The original score and songs were composed and produced by Gustavo Santaolalla.

The album won the Academy Award for Best Original Score and the BAFTA Award for Best Film Music. It was also nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score (lost to the score of The Painted Veil).

The closing scene of the film features Ryuichi Sakamoto's "Bibo no Aozora." Sakamoto has previously won the BAFTA, Golden Globe, Grammy, and Academy Award for his score for The Last Emperor.

Rinko Kikuchi
Rinko Kikuchi (pronunciationⓘ) (菊地 凛子, Kikuchi Rinko; born Yuriko Kikuchi (菊地 百合子, Kikuchi Yuriko), January 6, 1981) is a Japanese actress. She was the first Japanese actress to be nominated for an Academy Award in 50 years, for her work in Babel (2006). Kikuchi's other notable films include Norwegian Wood (2010), which screened in competition at the 67th Venice Film Festival and Guillermo del Toro's science fiction action film Pacific Rim (2013). For her role in the drama film Kumiko, the Treasure Hunter (2014), Kikuchi received an Independent Spirit Award nomination for Best Female Lead. She played a supporting role in the HBO Max crime drama series Tokyo Vice.
Ancistrus brevifilis
Ancistrus brevifilis is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is a freshwater fish native to South America, where it occurs in the Tuy River basin in Venezuela. The species reaches 11.8 cm (4.6 inches) SL.

Tuy River
The Tuy River is a river of northern Venezuela, in the Valles del Tuy (Tuy Valleys) of Miranda State. The principal river of Miranda, it flows north from Aragua State through Miranda into the Caribbean Sea. Tributaries include the Guaire River, the principal river of Caracas, and the Caucagua River.

Towns on the Tuy River include Cúa and Ocumare del Tuy.
Malaysia Valke
The Malaysia Valke was a professional rugby union team based in Kuala Lumpur  that played in the Global Rapid Rugby competition. The team was formed in 2019 as a joint venture between Malaysia Rugby and the Falcons Rugby Union of South Africa, but was disbanded a year later after the incomplete 2020 season was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

The team was scheduled to play three matches in 2020 at the Bukit Jalil National Stadium in Kuala Lumpur and two matches at Stadium TUDM on the Subang base of the Royal Malaysian Air Force (RMAF or in Malay, TUDM: Tentera Udara Diraja Malaysia). However, after season was suspended due to the coronavirus pandemic, the team's home games were not able to be played.

The Malaysia Valke ultimately played only two matches before being disbanded. These were away games to the Western Force in Perth in 2019 and 2020.

Malaysia Rugby
Malaysia Rugby, formerly known as Malaysia Rugby Union (Malay: Kesatuan Ragbi Malaysia) is the governing body for rugby union in Malaysia. It was founded in 1921 and  joined the International Rugby Football Board, later known as the International Rugby Board and now as World Rugby, in 1988. They organize the annual Malaysia Sevens tournament and few local tournament
Chimney Rock State Park
Chimney Rock State Park is a North Carolina state park in Chimney Rock, Rutherford County, North Carolina in the United States. The 8,014-acre (32.43 km2) park is located 25 miles (40 km) southeast of Asheville, North Carolina, and is owned and managed by the state of North Carolina.

The park features hiking trails for all skill levels, views of the Devil's Head balancing rock, and a 404-foot (123 m) waterfall, Hickory Nut Falls. Its most notable feature is a 315-foot (96 m) gneiss monolith named Chimney Rock, which is accessible by elevator and provides views of the park and surrounding countryside.

Garnet
Garnets ( /ˈɡɑːrnɪt/) are a group of silicate minerals that have been used since the Bronze Age as gemstones and abrasives.

Garnet minerals, while sharing similar physical and crystallographic properties, exhibit a wide range of chemical compositions, defining distinct species. These species fall into two primary solid solution series: the pyralspite series (pyrope, almandine, spessartine), with the general formula [Mg,Fe,Mn]3Al2(SiO4)3; and the ugrandite series (uvarovite, grossular, andradite), with the general formula Ca3[Cr,Al,Fe]2(SiO4)3. Notable varieties of grossular include hessonite and tsavorite.

Although garnets are often associated with metamorphism, they can also occur in volcanic rocks on rare occasions.
Communication-Centric Intelligence Satellite
Communication-Centric Intelligence Satellite is an Indian advanced reconnaissance satellite, being developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation  (DRDO). It will be India's first officially declared dedicated spy satellite and is expected to be in orbit, tentatively, by 2014.  This satellite will help Indian intelligence agencies to significantly boost surveillance of terror camps in neighbouring countries.

Intelligence agency
An intelligence agency is a government agency operating as a secret service responsible for the collection, analysis, and exploitation of information in support of law enforcement, national security, military, public safety, and foreign policy objectives.

Means of information gathering are both overt and covert and may include espionage, communication interception, cryptanalysis, cooperation with other institutions, and evaluation of public sources. The assembly and propagation of this information is known as intelligence analysis or intelligence assessment.
Cubist Landscape
Cubist Landscape, also referred to as Tree and River and Paysage cubiste or Arbre et fleuve, is a Cubist painting created in 1914 by the French artist Albert Gleizes. Tree and River is one of Gleizes' last pre-World War I landscapes. A comparison with earlier works such as Le Chemin, Paysage à Meudon (1911), Les Baigneuses (Gleizes) (1912), Harvest Threshing (1912) and Passy, Bridges of Paris (1912) demonstrates the artists' continuity with the theme of deep spatial vistas and wide panoramic views, though with a notable diminution of specific references to reality. The painting was reproduced in the German art and literary magazine Der Sturm (titled Baum und Fluss) October 1920.

Der Sturm
Der Sturm (transl. The Storm) was a German avant-garde art and literary magazine founded by Herwarth Walden, covering Expressionism, Cubism, Dada and Surrealism, among other artistic movements. It was published between 1910 and 1932.
Worth It All
Worth It All is the fourth studio album by contemporary worship musician Meredith Andrews, released on January 22, 2013 by Word Records. "Not for a Moment (After All)" was released as the album's lead single on July 31, 2012. On February 9, 2013, the album peaked at number 144 on the Billboard 200 and number 7 on the Christian albums chart.

Contemporary worship music
Contemporary worship music (CWM), also known as praise and worship music, is a distinct genre of Christian music used in contemporary worship. It has evolved over the past 60 years and is stylistically similar to pop music. The songs are often referred to as "praise songs" or "worship songs" and are typically led by a "worship band" or "praise team," with either a guitarist or pianist serving as the lead. It has become a common genre of music performed in many churches, particularly in charismatic or non-denominational Protestant churches, with some Catholic congregations also incorporating it into the Mass.
Liglig
Liglig, better known as "ligligkot" is a hill top located in Palungtar Municipality  of Gorkha, Nepal.
It is located at the height of 1437 meters (4790 feet) mean sea level. Gorkha District has a long and intriguing history. It's where a Royal Shah Dynasty got its start and the famous Gurkha soldiers got their name.  Located 80 kilometers (50 mi) due west of Kathmandu (140 kilometers by road). It is the place where the former monarchy of Nepal was established.

Drabya Shah, then brother of King Narahari Shah of neighboring Lamjung District established the small kingdom at around 1616 BS /(1559 AD). Still the remaining stones of the ancient palace could be seen in the hill top at Ligligkot.

Palungtar
Palungtar is a municipality in Gorkha District in Gandaki Province, central Nepal. It is made up of the seven former Village Development Committees Aanppipal, Chyangli, Dhuwakot, Gaikhur, Khoplang, Mirkot and Palumtar. It lies on the bank of Marshyangdi River. The Government of Nepal plans to make Palungtar the country's first Smart City. At the time of the 2011 Nepal census it had a population of 38,174 people living in 9,924 individual households.
Krasnaya Gora, Krasnogorsky District, Bryansk Oblast
Krasnaya Gora (Russian: Кра́сная Гора́) is an urban-type settlement in Bryansk Oblast, Russia. It is the administrative center of Krasnogorsky District. Population: 5,504 (2021 Census); 5,906 (2010 Census); 6,599 (2002 Census); 6,909 (1989 Soviet census).

Bryansk Oblast
Bryansk Oblast (Russian: Бря́нская о́бласть, romanized: Bryanskaya oblastʹ), also known as Bryanshchina (Брянщина, IPA: [ˈbrʲænʲɕːɪnə]), is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Bryansk. As of the 2021 Census, its population was 1,169,161.
Nikola Đurišić
Nikola Đurišić (Serbian Cyrillic: Никола Ђуришић; born 23 February 2004) is a Serbian professional basketball player who last played for the College Park Skyhawks of the NBA G League. Đurišić began his professional career playing for Mega Basket in Serbia, and was drafted with the 43rd overall pick in the 2024 NBA draft by the Miami Heat.

Euroleague Basketball Next Generation Tournament
The Euroleague Basketball Next Generation Tournament is an international boy's youth age basketball tournament that is contested between the best basketball clubs in Europe in the Under-18 age category. The tournament is organized by Euroleague Basketball, and is sponsored by Adidas. The tournament's Final Four takes place during the senior men's EuroLeague Final Four event. The tournaments's Final Four also features a slam dunk contest and 3 point shootout contest.
Deaths in July 1994
The following is a list of notable deaths in July 1994.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent country of citizenship (if applicable), reason for notability, cause of death (if known), and reference.

W. L. Warren
Wilfred Lewis Warren (24 August 1929 – 19 July 1994) was a historian of medieval England. Educated at Exeter College, Oxford, he worked as a professor of modern (post-classical) history and dean of theology at the Queen's University, Belfast. His field of interest was Norman and Angevin England, on which he published several major works.
In 1956 he received a doctorate in 14th-century English church history. He was fascinated by and well versed in Ulster politics.
Bed warmer
A bed warmer or warming pan was a common household item in countries with cold winters, especially in Europe. It consisted of a metal container, usually fitted with a handle and shaped somewhat like a modern frying pan, with a solid or finely perforated lid. The pan would be filled with embers and placed under the covers of a bed, to warm it up or dry it out before use.

Bed warmers were commonly used from the mid-17th to early-20th century. They fell out of fashion with the rise of other methods of warming homes and beds.

Frying pan
A frying pan, also called frypan or skillet, is a flat-bottomed cookware used for frying, searing and browning foods. It typically ranges from 20 to 30 cm (8 to 12 in) in diameter with relatively low sides that flare outwards, a long handle and no lid. Larger pans may have a small loop handle on the opposite side to the main handle. A pan of similar dimensions, but with less flared, more vertical sides and often with a lid, is called a sauté pan. While a sauté pan can be used as a frying pan, it is designed for lower-heat cooking.
Collinsiella
Collinsiella is a genus of green algae in the order Ulotrichales.

The genus name of Collinsiella is in honour of Frank Shipley Collins (1848–1920) was an American botanist and algologist specializing in the study of marine algae.

The genus was circumscribed by William Albert Setchell in Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. Vol.1 on page 204 in 1903.

William Albert Setchell
William Albert Setchell (April 15, 1864 – April 5, 1943) was an American botanist and marine phycologist who taught at the University of California, Berkeley, where he headed the Botany Department. Among his publications are the Phycotheca Boreali-Americana, a multi-volume specimen collection of dried algae, and the Algae of Northwestern America, a reference work.
Heather Booth
Heather Booth (born December 15, 1945) is an American civil rights activist, feminist, and political strategist who has been  involved in activism for progressive causes. During her student years, she was active in both the civil rights movement and feminist causes. Since then she has had a career involving feminism, community organization, and progressive politics.

Community organization
Community organization or community based organization refers to organization aimed at making desired improvements to a community's social health, well-being, and overall functioning. Community organization occurs in geographically, psychosocially, culturally, spiritually, and digitally bounded communities.

Community organization includes community work, community projects, community development, community empowerment, community building, and community mobilization. It is a commonly used model for organizing community within community projects, neighborhoods, organizations, voluntary associations, localities, and social networks, which may operate as ways to mobilize around geography, shared space, shared experience, interest, need, and/or concern.
Shalom Hills
Shalom Hills is a  group of four schools. (Class I - Class XII); Shalom Presidency School; Shalom Hills School (Nursery), Sushant Lok; and  Shalom Hills School (Nursery), Nirvana. All are co-education schools located in Gurgaon, India. The medium of instruction is in English and the curriculum followed is CBSE.

Central Board of Secondary Education
The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) is a national-level board of education in India for public and private schools, controlled and managed by the Government of India. Established in 1929 by a government resolution, the Board was an experiment in inter-state integration and cooperation in the sphere of secondary education. There are more than 27,000 schools in India and 240 schools in 28 foreign countries affiliated with the CBSE. All schools affiliated with CBSE follow the NCERT curriculum, especially those in classes 9 to 12. The current Chairperson of CBSE is Rahul Singh, IAS.

The constitution of the Board was amended in 1952 to give its present name, the Central Board of Secondary Education. The Board was reconstituted on 1 July 1962 to make its services available to students and various educational institutions across the country.
Rudolph and Dorothy C. Czufin House
The Rudolph and Dorothy C. Czufin House is a historic house in Ladue, Missouri, U.S.. It was built in 1950-1951 for Rudolph Czufin and his wife, Dorothy. It was designed by architects William Bernoudy and Edward Jules Mutrux. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since July 12, 2002.

Ladue, Missouri
Ladue is an inner-ring suburb of St. Louis, located in St. Louis County, Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 8,989.

Ladue has the highest median household income of any city in Missouri with a population over 1,000.
Nedryhailiv Raion
Nedryhailiv Raion (Ukrainian: Недригайлівський район) was a raion in Sumy Oblast in Central Ukraine. The administrative center of the raion was the urban-type settlement of Nedryhailiv. The raion was abolished on 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Sumy Oblast to five. The last estimate of the raion population was 22,972 (2020 est.).

Central Ukraine
Central Ukraine (Ukrainian: Центральна Україна, romanized: Tsentralna Ukraina, IPA: [tsenˈtrɑlʲnɐ ʊkrɐˈjinɐ]) consists of historical regions of left-bank Ukraine and right-bank Ukraine that reference to the Dnieper River. It is situated away from the Black Sea Littoral North and a midstream of the Dnieper River and its basin.

The cities of Central Ukraine are among the oldest in Ukraine. Also in contrast to the southeastern portion of the country, the region is more agricultural with extensive grain and sunflower fields in the heart of Ukraine. Some of the largest cities in Central Ukraine include Kryvyi Rih, Cherkasy, Kropyvnytskyi, Poltava and Kremenchuk.
Taicatoxin
Taicatoxin (TCX) is a snake toxin that blocks voltage-dependent L-type calcium channels and small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels.  The name taicatoxin (TAIpan + CAlcium + TOXIN) is derived from its natural source, the taipan snake, the site of its action, calcium channels, and from its function as a toxin.  Taicatoxin was isolated from the venom of Australian taipan snake, Oxyuranus scutellatus scutellatus. TCX is a secreted protein, produced in the venom gland of the snake.

Calcium channel
A calcium channel is an ion channel which shows selective permeability to calcium ions. It is sometimes synonymous with voltage-gated calcium channel, which are a type of calcium channel regulated by changes in membrane potential. Some calcium channels are regulated by the binding of a ligand. Other calcium channels can also be regulated by both voltage and ligands to provide precise control over ion flow. Some cation channels allow calcium as well as other cations to pass through the membrane.

Calcium channels can participate in the creation of action potentials across cell membranes. Calcium channels can also be used to release calcium ions as second messengers within the cell, affecting downstream signaling pathways.
Naples Winter Wine Festival
The Naples Winter Wine Festival is a multi-day charity wine festival featuring celebrity chef-hosted dinners and an auction. The event has been held yearly in Naples, Florida since 2001.  Since its inception, the Naples Children & Education Foundation, founders of the Naples Winter Wine Festival, has raised more than $336 million for underprivileged and at-risk children in Collier County.

Collier County, Florida
Collier County is a county in the U.S. state of Florida. As of the 2020 census, its population was 375,752; an increase of 16.9% since the 2010 United States Census. Its county seat is East Naples, where the county offices were moved from Everglades City in 1962. Collier County comprises the Naples–Marco Island Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), which, along with the Cape Coral-Fort Myers (Lee County) MSA and the Clewiston (Hendry County, Glades County) Micropolitan Statistical Area (μSA), is included in the Cape Coral-Fort Myers-Naples Combined Statistical Area (CSA).