hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Silesian Socialist Party
The Silesian Socialist Party (Polish: Śląska Partia Socjalistyczna, ŚPS) was a political party in Silesia, Poland. The party was founded on May 1, 1928, by Józef Biniszkiewicz. When the new party was founded, it took over the regional PPS organ Robotnik Śląski ('Silesian Worker').

Biniszkiewicz had been the leader of the Polish Socialist Party (PPS) in Upper Silesia, but had been expelled from the party for not supporting the opposition of PPS against the Józef Piłsudski government, and for opposing cooperation with German socialist parties. The ŚPS was seen as pro-Sanacja.

The party, which failed to get a prominent role in Silesian politics, was dissolved in 1930.

Upper Silesia
Upper Silesia (Polish: Górny Śląsk [ˈɡurnɨ ˈɕlɔ̃sk] ⓘ ; Silesian: Gůrny Ślůnsk, Gōrny Ślōnsk; Czech: Horní Slezsko; German: Oberschlesien [ˈoːbɐˌʃleːzi̯ən] ⓘ ; Silesian German: Oberschläsing; Latin: Silesia Superior) is the southeastern part of the historical and geographical region of Silesia, located today mostly in Poland, with small parts in the Czech Republic. The area is predominantly known for its heavy industry (mining and metallurgy).
Guðríður Símonardóttir
Guðríður Símonardóttir (1598 – December 18, 1682) was an Icelandic woman who was one of 242 people abducted from the Westman Islands, Iceland in 1627 in a raid by Barbary pirates.  These raids came to be known as the Turkish abductions. After being held as a slave and concubine for nearly a decade, she was one of a few captives ransomed by the Danish king. She returned to Iceland, marrying the young theology student Hallgrímur Pétursson, who became known for his poetry and hymns.

Vestmannaeyjar
Vestmannaeyjar (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈvɛstˌmanːaˌeiːjar̥] ⓘ, sometimes anglicised as Westman Islands) is a municipality and archipelago off the south coast of Iceland.

The largest island, Heimaey, has a population of 4,414, most of whom live in the archipelago's main town, Vestmannaeyjabær. The other islands are uninhabited, although six have single hunting cabins. Vestmannaeyjar came to international attention in 1973 with the eruption of the Eldfell volcano, which destroyed many buildings and forced a month-long evacuation of the entire population to mainland Iceland. Approximately one-fifth of the town was destroyed before the lava flow was halted by the application of 6.8 billion litres (1.8 billion US gallons) of cold seawater.
Duke of Benavente
Duke of Benavente (Spanish: Duque de Benavente) is a hereditary title in the Peerage of Spain, accompanied by the dignity of Grandee and granted in 1473 by Henry IV to Rodrigo Alonso Pimentel, 4th Count of Benavente.

Since the Countship of Benavente was not revoked after the concession of the dukedom, the holders of the distinction are technically Count-Dukes of Benavente, similar to the Count-Dukes of Olivares.

Gaspar de Guzmán, Count-Duke of Olivares
Gaspar de Guzmán y Pimentel, 1st Duke of Sanlúcar, 3rd Count of Olivares, GE, known as the Count-Duke of Olivares (taken by joining both his countship and subsequent dukedom) (6 January 1587 – 22 July 1645), was a Spanish royal favourite (Spanish: valido) of Philip IV and minister. He was appointed as Grandee on 10 April 1621, a day after the ending of the Twelve Years' Truce, and was a key figure that shaped state policy in Spain until January 1643. During his rule, he over-exerted Spain in foreign affairs and unsuccessfully attempted domestic reform. His policy of committing Spain to recapture Holland led to a renewal of the Eighty Years' War while Spain was also embroiled in the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648). In addition, his attempts to centralise power and increase wartime taxation led to revolts in Catalonia and in Portugal, which brought about his downfall.
Heinz Spielmann
Heinz Spielmann (born 9 November 1930, in Hattingen) is a German art historian and museum curator, best known for his books Die große Bertelsmann-Lexikothek. 18: Spektrum der Kunst (1989), Oskar Kokoschka: Leben und Werk (2003), Aus der Nähe: mein Leben mit Künstlern 1950 - 2000 (2014), Carl Otto Czeschka: ein Wiener Künstler in Hamburg (2019), and Kontinuität und Innovation: Bausteine für eine Ikonologie der Moderne (2022). He was awarded the Joost van den Vondel Prize by the Alfred Toepfer Foundation in 1996.

Alfred Toepfer Stiftung F.V.S.
The Alfred Toepfer Stiftung F.V.S. is a German foundation established in 1931 by the Hamburg merchant Alfred Toepfer.  The foundation is committed to promoting European unification and ensuring cultural diversity and understanding between the countries of Europe.
Ageneiosus inermis
Ageneiosus inermis, also known as Fidalgo, Dawala or Mandubé, is a species of driftwood catfish of the family Auchenipteridae. It can be found throughout South America, from Colombia and Venezuela to Uruguay and northern Argentina.

The name Ageneiosus marmoratus has been recently synonymized with A. inermis. The description was based on a strongly pigmented juvenile of A. inermis. The species feeds on a piscivorous diet, mainly hunting catfishes in the family Loricariidae and Doradidae.

Doradidae
The Doradidae are a family of catfishes also known as thorny catfishes, raphael catfishes  or talking catfishes. These fish are native to South America, primarily the Amazon basin and the Guianas.

Doradids are omnivorous.
Flitwick Wood
Flitwick Wood is a 14.2 hectares (35 acres) Local Nature Reserve in Flitwick in Bedfordshire. It is owned and managed by Central Bedfordshire Council.

The site is semi-natural woodland, with some ancient trees and others that have been recently planted. It has a varied flora, including wood anemones, wood spurges and primroses, and diverse birds, bats and insects.

There is access from several roads, including Mendip Close and Tennyson Road.

Euphorbia amygdaloides
Euphorbia amygdaloides, the wood spurge, is a species of flowering plant in the family Euphorbiaceae, native to woodland locations in Europe, Turkey and the Caucasus. It is a bushy evergreen perennial, growing to a height of 80 cm (31 in), with dark green slightly hairy leaves about 6 cm (2 in) long. The complex green-yellow inflorescence (cyathium), typical of Euphorbia, appears in late spring and early summer.

It is among the few plants that thrive in the dry shade of trees, where it is used as groundcover. It spreads rapidly by underground rhizomes and can become invasive, though relatively easy to remove.

One form known is Euphorbia 'Efanthia'. The subspecies E. amygdaloides subsp. robbiae (Turrill) Stace, known as Mrs Robb's bonnet, is grown as a garden plant, and has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

The milky latex of the plant is toxic and can cause irritation on contact with the skin.
Fort São Marçal
The Fort São Marçal (Fortaleza de São Marçal in Portuguese) also known as Sena Fort (Fortaleza de Sena in Portuguese) is a former fort of the Portuguese Empire built in Vila de Sena, Caia District in Mozambique.

Caia District
Caia District is a district of Sofala Province in Mozambique. The principal town is 
Caia. The district is located in the north of the province, and borders with Chemba District in the north, Marromeu District in the southeast, Cheringoma District in the south, and with Maringué District in the west. In the east, the district is bounded by the Indian Ocean. The area of the district is 3,542 square kilometres (1,368 sq mi). It has a population of 115,455 as of 2007.
United Presbyterian Church, Summerset
Scotch Ridge United Presbyterian Church is a historic structure located in rural Warren County, Iowa, United States.   It was built in 1883 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976. The founders of the church were Scotch-Irish immigrants who could trace their ancestry to Scotland and were proud of their Scottish heritage.

Scotch Ridge United Presbyterian Church was established on August 13, 1853.  On that day Robert McElroy went to Chariton, Iowa to get the charter. The first church building was built in 1857 for $1,000.  Pete Schooler and his wife sold two acres of the land for $30 on January 3, 1865, for a new Presbyterian Churchyard.  On April 28 of the same year William Hastie and his wife sold one acre of adjacent land for $25 for a cemetery.  The present frame church building was built in 1883 for $4,000 in the Gothic Revival style. Additional land for the cemetery was added in 1898 and 1971. An additional fellowship hall wing was added in 2010.

Chariton, Iowa
Chariton (/ˈʃɛərɪtən/ SHAIR-it-ən) is a city in and the county seat of Lucas County, Iowa, United States. The population was 4,193 at the 2020 census. Chariton is the primary distribution center for and the former corporate headquarters of the Hy-Vee supermarket chain.
Animal (Troye Sivan song)
"Animal" is a song by Australian singer-songwriter Troye Sivan. It was written by Sivan, Ariel Rechtshaid, Leland, Jam City, Allie X, Bram Inscore and Josiah Sherman, with production primarily handled by Leland, The Haxan Cloak and Rechtshaid, the latter of whom also worked on "The Good Side". The song was released on 9 August 2018 by EMI Music Australia, as the fifth and final single from Sivan's second studio album, Bloom (2018).

Allie X
Alexandra Ashley Hughes (born 31 July 1985), known by her stage name Allie X, is a Canadian singer, songwriter, and visual artist. She began her career as an indie pop artist in Toronto in the mid-2000s, playing with local bands and recording several albums.

After relocating to Los Angeles in 2013, Hughes began working with producers Cirkut and Billboard and first achieved commercial success with her 2014 single "Catch", which peaked at number 55 on the Canadian Hot 100 chart. She has since released the extended plays CollXtion I (2015) and Super Sunset (2018), and the studio albums CollXtion II (2017), Cape God (2020), Girl with No Face (2024) and Happiness Is Going to Get You (2025).
1997–98 FIS Cross-Country World Cup
The 1997–98 FIS Cross-Country World Cup  was the 17th official World Cup season in cross-country skiing for men and women. The season began in Beitostølen, Norway, on 22 November 1997 and finished at Holmenkollen, Oslo, Norway, on 14 March 1998. Thomas Alsgaard of Norway won the overall men's cup, and Larisa Lazutina of Russia won the women's.

Holmenkollen
Holmenkollen (Urban East Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈhɔ̂ɫmn̩ˌkɔɫn̩]) is a mountain and a neighbourhood in the Vestre Aker borough of Oslo, Norway. It goes up to 500 metres (1,600 ft) above sea level and is well known for its international skiing competitions.
2001–02 National Soccer League
The 2001–02 National Soccer League season, was the 26th season of the National Soccer League in Australia.  Prior to the start of the season, Canberra Cosmos and Eastern Pride were removed from the competition, reducing the league to 13 teams.  The league premiership was won by Perth Glory and the championship won by Olympic Sharks.

Canberra Cosmos FC
Canberra Cosmos Football Club was an Australian soccer club based in Canberra, Australian Capital Territory. It participated in the National Soccer League from the 1995/96 season until the end of the 2000/01 season, after which it folded, primarily due to financial difficulties. Throughout their tenure in the NSL, the club failed to attract supporters and had limited on-field success.
Glarus railway station
Glarus railway station (German: Bahnhof Glarus) is a railway station in the municipality of Glarus in the Swiss canton of Glarus. It is an intermediate stop on the Ziegelbrücke–Linthal line.

The station is served by Zürich S-Bahn service S25 between Zurich and Linthal, and by St. Gallen S-Bahn service S6 between Rapperswil and Schwanden. Both services operate once per hour, combining to provide two trains per hour between Ziegelbrücke and Schwanden.

The station was opened in 1859, with the completion of the railway from Weesen. However the distinctive station building, designed by Karl August Hiller, was built between 1902 and 1903 as a replacement for an earlier structure. The station building, along with a goods shed dating from 1894, and a locomotive shed and turntable, is inscribed on the Swiss Inventory of Cultural Property of National Significance.

Canton of Glarus
The canton of Glarus (German: Kanton Glarus [ˈɡlaːrʊs] ⓘ; Romansh: Chantun Glaruna; French: Canton de Glaris; Italian: Canton Glarona) is a canton in east-central Switzerland. The capital is Glarus.
The population speaks a variety of Alemannic German.
The majority of the population (81%) identifies as Christian, about evenly split between Protestants and Catholics.
Jaan Tiidemann
Jaan Tiidemann (born 21 August 1971, in Tallinn) is an Estonian architect.

Jaan Tiidemann studied in the Estonian Academy of Arts in the department of architecture. He graduated from the academy in 1997.

From 1996 to 1999 Jaan Tiidemann worked in the Mai Shein Architectural Bureau. From 1999 he works in the Jaan Tiidemann Architectural Bureau.

Some of the most notable works by Jaan Tiidemann include the Golf Club of Tallinn in Niitvälja and the Veskimöldre kindergarten. Tiidemann was one of the nominees of the 2008 Best Young Architect award and is a member of the Union of Estonian Architects.

Estonians
Estonians or Estonian people (Estonian: eestlased) are a Finnic ethnic group native to the Baltic Sea region in Northern Europe, primarily their nation state of Estonia.

Estonians primarily speak the Estonian language, a language closely related to other Finnic languages, e.g. Finnish, Karelian and Livonian. Estonians can also be classified into subgroups according to dialects (e.g. Võros, Setos), although such divisions have become less pronounced due to internal migration and rapid urbanisation in Estonia in the 20th century.

There are approximately 1.1 million ethnic Estonians worldwide, with the majority of them residing in their native Estonia. Estonian diaspora communities formed primarily in Finland, the United States, Sweden, Canada, and the United Kingdom.
1993 First Union 400
The 1993 First Union 400 was the seventh stock car race of the 1993 NASCAR Winston Cup Series season and the 43rd iteration of the event. The race was held on Sunday, April 18, 1993, before an audience of 45,000 in North Wilkesboro, North Carolina at the North Wilkesboro Speedway, a 0.625 miles (1.006 km) oval short track. The race took the scheduled 400 laps to complete. At race's end, Penske Racing South driver Rusty Wallace would manage to pull away in the final one-fourth of the race to take his 24th career NASCAR Winston Cup Series victory and his third victory of the season. To fill out the top three, SABCO Racing driver Kyle Petty and Hendrick Motorsports driver Ken Schrader would finish second and third, respectively.

Kyle Petty
Kyle Eugene Petty (born June 2, 1960) is an American former stock car racing driver and current racing commentator. He is the son of racer Richard Petty, grandson of racer Lee Petty, and father of racer Adam Petty, who was killed in a crash during practice in May 2000. Petty last drove the No. 45 Dodge Charger for Petty Enterprises, where he was CEO; his last race was in 2008.
Fumel
Fumel (French pronunciation: [fymɛl]; Occitan: Fumèl) is a commune in the Lot-et-Garonne department in south-western France. Situated at the right bank of the river Lot, it is the centre of a small agglomeration (population 13,028 in 2017) which consists of 7 communes, including Monsempron-Libos and Montayral.
In 1438, during the Hundred Years' War, it was pillaged by Rodrigo de Villandrando.
It is twinned with Uttoxeter, United Kingdom.

Lot-et-Garonne
Lot-et-Garonne (French pronunciation: [lɔt e ɡaʁɔn] ⓘ, Occitan: Òlt e Garona) is a department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of Southwestern France. Named after the rivers Lot and Garonne, it had a population of 331,271 in 2019. Its prefecture and largest city is Agen.
Abdulmumini Hassan Rafindadi
Abdulmumini Hassan RafindadiListenⓘ  (born 15 January 1957) is a Nigerian professor of pathology, educational administrator, and pioneer vice chancellor of Federal University, Lokoja, located in Lokoja, Kogi State, Nigeria.

Federal University, Lokoja
The Federal University Lokoja, officially styled as FU Lokoja or by its acronym, FUL, is a federal university in the confluence city of Lokoja, the capital of Kogi State,  north central  Nigeria. Lokoja lies at the confluence of the Niger and Benue rivers. This University has two campuses. The permanent campus is located at Felele in Lokoja, and the other campus is located at Adankolo in Lokoja Kogi State.

The university was established in February 2011 by the Federal Government of Nigeria as a result of the indispensable need to create more universities in the country.
Nagananda Kodituwakku
Nagananda Kodituwakku (Sinhala: නාගානන්ද කොඩිතුවක්කු; born 31 July 1954) is an attorney-at-law, public interest litigation activist and also a 2019 Presidential Candidate. Having held the office of the Head of Revenue Task Force in the Sri Lanka Customs Administration, Kodituwakku emigrated to the United Kingdom with his family following life-threatening circumstances in 2001. Since his return to Sri Lanka in 2009, he has played a key role in public interest litigation.

Kodituwakku bases himself on the tenets of Buddhist philosophy and he has gained public attention for his stance against corruption and injustice.

2019 Sri Lankan presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Sri Lanka on 16 November 2019. Incumbent president Maithripala Sirisena did not run for a second term. Gotabaya Rajapaksa, brother of former president Mahinda Rajapaksa, was the candidate of the Sri Lanka Podujana Peramuna and was endorsed by the Sri Lanka Freedom Party. Sajith Premadasa, son of former president Ranasinghe Premadasa and deputy leader of the United National Party was the candidate of the ruling party.

The results were announced on 17 November 2019. Rajapaksa won the election in a landslide victory, receiving 52% of the vote compared his main opponent Premadasa's 42%. The results of the election subsequently brought the Rajapaksa family back to power after a 5-year interregnum.

Sirisena's term of office would have ended on 9 January 2020. They were the first presidential elections in Sri Lanka in which no sitting president, prime minister or opposition leader ran for president.
2013 United States Junior Curling Championships
The 2013 United States Junior Curling Championships were held from January 26 to February 2 at the Broomstones Curling Club in Wayland, Massachusetts. The winners of the championships will represent the United States at the 2013 World Junior Curling Championships in Sochi, Russia.

Wayland, Massachusetts
Wayland is a town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. The town was founded in 1638, and incorporated in 1780 and was originally part of neighboring Sudbury (incorporated 1639). At the 2020 United States census, the population was 13,943. It contains the census-designated place of Cochituate.
Volume 1: Instrumental Driving Music for Felons
Volume 1: Instrumental Driving Music for Felons is the debut extended play (EP) by American desert rock music band The Desert Sessions. Recorded in August 1997 at Rancho De La Luna, it was released by Man's Ruin Records on November 18, 1997. The album features nine credited musicians, including Josh Homme, John McBain and Ben Shepherd. It was later re-released with Volume 2: Status: Ships Commander Butchered in 1998 as Volumes 1 & 2.

The Desert Sessions
The Desert Sessions are a musical collective series, founded by Josh Homme in 1997. Artists such as Brant Bjork, PJ Harvey, Twiggy Ramirez, Dave Catching, Nick Oliveri, Mark Lanegan, John McBain, Ben Shepherd, Josh Freese, Chris Goss, Alain Johannes, Troy Van Leeuwen, Dean Ween, Les Claypool and many others from the Palm Desert Scene have contributed as songwriters and musicians.
Intermedia (company)
Intermedia Films was an American independent film production company, wholly owned by IM Internationalmedia AG.

The company mostly acted as a co-producer, funding films through the IMF (Internationale Medien und Film, German for "International Media and Film") funds. As of 2023, Intermedia's library is currently owned by Library Liquidity Company, with Shout! Studios handling distribution.

Production company
A production company, production house, or production studio is a studio that creates works in the fields of performing arts, new media art, film, television, radio, comics, interactive arts, video games, websites, music, and video. These groups consist of technical staff and members to 
produce the media, and are often incorporated as a commercial publisher.

Generally the term refers to all individuals responsible for the technical aspects of creating a particular product, regardless of where in the process their expertise is required, or how long they are involved in the project.  For example, in a theatrical performance, the production team has not only the running crew, but also the theatrical producer, designers, and theatrical direction.
Daniel S. Loeb
Daniel Seth Loeb (born December 18, 1961) is an American investor, hedge fund manager, and philanthropist. He is the founder and chief executive of Third Point, a New York-based hedge fund focused on event-driven, value-oriented investing with $4 billion in assets under management, as of December 2023.
New York magazine noted that Loeb's "preferred strategy" is to buy into troubled companies, which "is the key to his success." Regarding his active involvement in the companies in which he invests, Loeb was described as "one of the most successful activists" in 2014.

Assets under management
In finance, assets under management (AUM), sometimes called fund under management, refers to the total market value of all financial assets that a financial institution—such as a mutual fund, venture capital firm, or depository institution—or a decentralized network protocol manages and invests, typically on behalf of its clients. Funds may be managed for clients, platform users, or solely for themselves, such as in the case of a financial institution which has mutual funds or holds its own venture capital. The definition and formula for calculating AUM may differ from one entity to another.
Blekingegade Gang
The Blekinge Street Gang (Danish: Blekingegadebanden) was a Danish far-left criminal group. Between December 1972 and May 1989, they committed robberies and sent the money to the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine. One police officer was killed by the group during exchange of gunfire during their final robbery in 1988. The 1989 discovery of a large cache of their weapons and explosives in a hideout on Blekingegade ("Blekinge Street") gave the gang its press name. The gang referred to themselves as the inner core of three organizations named Kommunistisk Arbejdskreds, Kommunistisk Ungdoms Forbund, and Manifest-Kommunistisk Arbejdsgruppe.

Blekinge
Blekinge (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈblêːkɪŋɛ] ⓘ) is one of the traditional Swedish provinces (landskap), situated  in the southern coast of the geographic region of Götaland, in southern Sweden. It borders Småland, Scania and the Baltic Sea. It is the country's second-smallest province by area (only Öland is smaller), and the smallest province located on the mainland.

The name "Blekinge" comes from the dialectal adjective bleke, which corresponds to the nautical term for "dead calm".