hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Methylophaga thiooxydans
Methylophaga thiooxydans is a methylotrophic bacterium that requires high salt concentrations for growth. It was originally isolated from a culture of the algae Emiliania huxleyi, where it grows by breaking down dimethylsulfoniopropionate from E. hexleyi into dimethylsulfide and acrylate. M. thiooxydans has been implicated as a dominant organism in phytoplankton blooms, where it consumes dimethylsulfide, methanol and methyl bromide released by dying phytoplankton. It was also identified as one of the dominant organisms present in the plume following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, and was identified as a major player in the breakdown of methanol in coastal surface water in the English Channel.

Bromomethane
Bromomethane, commonly known as methyl bromide, is an organobromine compound with formula CH3Br. This colorless, odorless, nonflammable gas is produced both industrially and biologically. It is a recognized ozone-depleting chemical. According to the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, it has a global warming potential of 2. The compound was used extensively as a pesticide until being phased out by most countries in the early 2000s.  From a chemistry perspective, it is one of the halomethanes.
2,4,6-Triaminopyrimidine
2,4,6-Triaminopyrimidine is a pyrimidine (1,3-diazine) carrying three symmetrically arranged amino groups and has been proposed as a potential prebiotic nucleic base analog. Pyrimidine triamine serves as a starting material for the production of hair dyes and explosives, but most notably for the vitamin folic acid and for pharmaceuticals such as malaria treatments, the cytostatic agents aminopterin and methotrexate, as well as the diuretic triamterene.

Sodium methoxide
Sodium methoxide is the simplest sodium alkoxide.  With the formula CH3ONa, it is a white solid, which is formed by the deprotonation of methanol.  It is a widely used reagent in industry and the laboratory.  It is also a dangerously caustic base.
When Duty Calls
When Duty Calls (Chinese: 卫国先锋) is a 20-episode Singaporean drama produced and telecast on Mediacorp Channel 8 in 2017. It was made to commemorate 50 years of National Service in Singapore. It is sponsored by the Ministry of Defence and Ministry of Home Affairs.

It stars Desmond Tan, Romeo Tan, Pierre Png, Paige Chua, and Felicia Chin as the main cast of the series.

Channel 8 (Singaporean TV channel)
Channel 8 (Chinese: 8頻道) is a Singaporean Mandarin-language free-to-air terrestrial television channel in Singapore, owned by state media conglomerate Mediacorp. The channel broadcasts general entertainment and news programming in the Mandarin language, including original and imported programming.

The channel began a series of experimental broadcasts on 31 August 1963, and officially launched on 22 November 1963. As with its sister Channel 5, the channel initially aired programming in all four of Singapore's official languages, with Channel 8 initially having a particular focus on the Chinese and Tamil communities. In 1973, this scope was formalised, with Channel 8 primarily broadcasting Chinese and Tamil-language programmes. In compliance with the government's Speak Mandarin Campaign, Chinese programming on the channel later broadcast solely in Mandarin Chinese. In 1995, Tamil programmes moved to Prime 12, with Channel 8 focusing exclusively on Mandarin programming.
Lesley Walker
Lesley Walker (27 July 1945 – 2 December 2025) was a British film and television editor with more than 30 feature film credits. She came into prominence in the 1980s, when she "developed a fast and snappy editing style in the decade, with A Letter to Brezhnev (1985), Mona Lisa (1986), Cry Freedom (1987), and Shirley Valentine (1989)." She worked extensively with directors Terry Gilliam and Richard Attenborough.

Walker's work was honoured by nominations for the BAFTA Award for Best Editing (Mona Lisa (1986) and Cry Freedom (1987)), for the Genie Award for Best Achievement in Editing (Tideland (2005)), and the American Cinema Editors Eddie Award (Mamma Mia! (2008)).

Walker died on 2 December 2025, at the age of 80.

Shirley Valentine (film)
Shirley Valentine is a 1989 English romantic comedy-drama film directed by Lewis Gilbert. The screenplay by Willy Russell is based on his 1986 one-character play of the same title, which follows middle-aged Shirley Valentine in an unexpected discovery of herself and the rekindling of her childhood dreams and youthful love of life.

Pauline Collins reprises the title role as middle-aged housewife Shirley, which she had previously played in the stage production in London's West End and on Broadway, and Tom Conti plays Costas Dimitriades, the owner of a Greek tavern with whom she has a holiday romance.
Defective democracy
Defective democracy (or flawed democracy) is a concept that was proposed by the political scientists Wolfgang Merkel, Hans-Jürgen Puhle and Aurel S. Croissant at the beginning of the 21st century to subtilize the distinctions between totalitarian, authoritarian, and democratic political systems. It is based on the concept of embedded democracy. While there are four forms of defective democracy, how each nation reaches the point of defectiveness varies. One recurring theme is the geographical location of the nation, which includes the effects of the influence of surrounding nations in the region. Other causes for defective democracies include their path of modernization, level of modernization, economic trends, social capital, civil society, political institutions, and education.

Social capital
Social capital is a concept used in sociology and economics to define networks of relationships which are productive towards advancing the goals of individuals and groups.
It involves the effective functioning of social groups through interpersonal relationships, a shared sense of identity, a shared understanding, shared norms, shared values, trust, cooperation, and reciprocity. Some have described it as a form of capital that produces public goods for a common purpose, although this does not align with how it has been measured.

Social capital has been used to explain the improved performance of diverse groups, the growth of entrepreneurial firms, superior managerial performance, enhanced supply chain relations, the value derived from strategic alliances, and the evolution of communities.
Khapcheranga
Khapcheranga (Russian: Хапчеранга) is a rural locality (a selo) in Kyrinsky District, Zabaykalsky Krai, Russia. Population: 652 (2021 census); 839 (2010 census); 1,082 (2002 census);  There are 33 streets in this selo.

Zabaykalsky Krai
Zabaykalsky Krai is a federal subject of Russia (a krai), located in the Russian Far East. Its administrative center is Chita. As of the 2010 Census, the population was 1,107,107.

The krai was created on 1 March 2008, as a result of a merger of Chita Oblast and Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug after a referendum held on the issue on 11 March 2007. In 2018, the krai became part of the Far Eastern Federal District.
2026 Bangkok Metropolitan Council election
Elections for the 14th Bangkok Metropolitan Council will be held in 5 July 2026, occurring simultaneously with the 2026 Bangkok gubernatorial election. 50 councilors will be elected to the council, each representing one of the districts of Bangkok.

Bangkok Metropolitan Council
The Bangkok Metropolitan Council, or BMC (Thai: สภากรุงเทพมหานคร, romanized: Sapha Krungthep Mahanakhon (RTGS)) is the legislative branch of the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, the government of Bangkok City. It is vested with legislative power and the duty to scrutinise the administration of the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration with the Governor of Bangkok as head of the executive.
Ginataang kuhol
Ginataang kuhol is a Filipino snail stew made from apple snails in coconut milk with leafy vegetables, onion, garlic, ginger (or turmeric), siling haba chilis, bagoong alamang (shrimp paste), and salt and pepper. Labuyo chilis are also commonly added for a spicier version. The leafy vegetables can include water spinach, moringa leaves, and chili pepper leaves, among others.

Siling haba
Siling haba ("long chili"), espada ("sword" in Spanish), siling mahaba, siling pangsigang ("chili for sinigang"), siling Tagalog ("Tagalog chili"), and sometimes called green chili, finger chili or long pepper, is one of two kinds of chili common to the Philippines and Filipino cuisine, the other being siling labuyo. Unlike siling labuyo, it belongs to the species Capsicum annuum.

The siling haba fruit grows to between 5 and 7 in (13 and 18 cm) long, and is bright light green in color.  While of moderate spiciness, it is much milder and less hot than siling labuyo.
It is an ingredient commonly used in Philippine cuisine, in dishes like sinigang, dinuguan, pinangat, kilawin, paksiw, and sisig.
Graham Ward (musician)
Graham Ward is a British drummer, arranger, writer and record producer. He started his playing career at 14 with the UK's NYJO before taking up the drum chair in the London production of CATs(1981). He has played and toured with Paul McCartney, Elaine Paige, Paul Young, the Pussycat Dolls, Tom Jones, Murray Head, Nick Heyward, Fred Durst, the Wu-Tang Clan, Tokio Hotel, and N8N. He has lived in London and L.A. and is currently based in Cape Town where he runs his own production company, Wardwide-Music.

Murray Head
Murray Seafield St George Head (born 5 March 1946) is an English actor and singer. Head has appeared in a number of films, including a starring role as the character Bob Elkin in the BAFTA award winning and Oscar-nominated 1971 film Sunday Bloody Sunday. As a musician, he is most recognised for his international hit songs "Superstar" (from the 1970 rock opera Jesus Christ Superstar) and "One Night in Bangkok" (the 1984 single from the musical Chess, which topped the charts in various countries). He has been involved in several projects since the 1960s and continues to record music, perform concerts, and make appearances on television either as himself or as a character actor.
Giovanni Vignoli
Giovanni Vignoli (1680 – 1753) was an Italian ecclesiastic, archeologist, librarian, and numismatist.

Vignoli was born in Pitigliano, and was ordained there a cleric. He served as librarian for the Vatican Library in 1720. He died in Rome.

Numismatist
A numismatist is a specialist, researcher, and/or well-informed collector of numismatics/coins ("of coins"; from Late Latin numismatis, genitive of numisma). Numismatists can include collectors, specialist dealers, and scholar-researchers who use coins (and possibly, other currency) in object-based research. Although use of the term numismatics was first recorded in English in 1799, people had been collecting and studying coins long before then all over the world. The branch of numismatics that deals with the study and collection of paper currency and banknotes is called notaphily.
GEMS Winchester School
GEMS Winchester School Dubai (WSD) is a private co-ed British school in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Founded in 2011, the school caters to students from FS1 through Year 13 and is located in Dubailand, near IMG Worlds of Adventure. It is part of the GEMS network of schools and accredited by British Schools Overseas. Students in Key Stage 4 can opt to take BTEC First Diplomas alongside their IGCSEs while students in Key Stage 5 can opt to take a BTEC Extended Diploma or International A Levels.

GEMS Education
GEMS Education, founded as Global Education Management Systems (GEMS), is an international education company. It is one of the world's largest private school operators, and as of late 2022 it operates more than 60 schools across the Middle East and North Africa, and also has schools in Asia, Europe, and North America. Founded in Dubai by Sunny Varkey, the firm provides pre-school, primary, and secondary education.
Dighinala Cantonment
Dighinala Cantonment (Bengali: দীঘিনালা সেনানিবাস) is a cantonment in Dighinala, outside of Khagrachari. 24th Infantry Division of Bangladesh Army inhabit here.

It is one of numerous cantonments in Chittagong Hill Tracts area.

Bangladesh Army
The Bangladesh Army (Bengali: বাংলাদেশ সেনাবাহিনী, romanized: Bāṅlādēś shēnābāhinī) is the principal land warfare branch of the Bangladesh Armed Forces responsible for defending the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Bangladesh. Operating under the Ministry of Defence, the army is tasked with national defense, disaster response, and supporting civil authorities during emergencies. Established officially after the 1971 Liberation War, the Bangladesh Army has since evolved into a professional, modern force engaged in peacekeeping missions under the United Nations as well as national security operations.

The Bangladesh Army is also constitutionally obligated to assist the government, during times of domestic or national emergencies. This additional role is commonly referred to as "aid to civil administration" or, using the Latin form, "Protectio, Transparentia, Reintegratio".
Majid Ansari
Majid Ansari (Persian: مجید انصاری; born 30 March 1954) is an Iranian politician and cleric. He is currently member of the Expediency Discernment Council and Vice President for Legal Affairs since 2024 for second term.
He was formerly Vice President for Legal Affairs from 2016 to 2017.

Previously held vice presidency in parliamentary affairs from 2004 to 2005, appointed by President Mohammad Khatami and the second term from 2013 to 2016 under President Hassan Rouhani. On 2 August 2017, Ansari announced that he will not be part of second Rouhani government. Ansari is also a former representative to the Assembly of Experts. Politically, he is a member of the Central Council of Association of Combatant Clerics.

Previously, he has been a representative of Tehran in the Parliament of Iran until 2004. Ansari has openly supported Sadegh Khalkhali, the hanging judge and his serial executions.

Islamic Consultative Assembly
The Islamic Consultative Assembly of Iran (Persian: مجلس شورای اسلامی ایران, romanized: Majles-e Shurâ-ye Eslâmi Iran), also called the Iranian Parliament, the Iranian Majles (Arabicised spelling Majlis) or ICA, is the unicameral national legislative body of Iran. The parliament currently consists of 290 representatives, an increase from the previous 270 seats since the 18 February 2000 election.
GNR 521 Class
The Great Northern Railway 521 Class was a class of 0-6-0 steam locomotives, introduced in 1911. They were designed by Henry Ivatt for goods traffic. From 1912 to 1922 further examples, slightly modified by Nigel Gresley, were built and designated 536 Class. The most obvious difference was in the front sandboxes. These were below the running plate on the 521 but above it and merged with the front splashers, on the 536. The boiler and firebox were also moved back, thus resulting in a shortened cab. The London and North Eastern Railway classified them both as J6.

Initially, there was to be 120 members of this class. However, an order of ten was canceled so that Doncaster Works could build ten of Gresley's N2 Class 0-6-2 Tanks, which shared the same cylinders, boilers, valve gear, and piston valves as the J6s. The J6s had superheaters and piston valves operated by Stephenson valve gear.

Stephenson valve gear
The Stephenson valve gear or Stephenson link or shifting link is a simple design of valve gear that was widely used throughout the world for various kinds of steam engines. It is named after Robert Stephenson but was invented by his employees.
Mohd Azraai Khor Abdullah
Mohd Azraai Khor Bin Abdullah, born Khor Sek Leng, (Chinese: 许锡龙; pinyin: Xu Xi Long; 25 October 1952 – 8 February 2024) was a Malaysian football coach and player.

Azraai was very successful as a football coach and even became legendary in Malaysia when, in 2007 and 2008, he coached his team, Kedah FA (at the time known as The Canaries) to a "double treble" — victories in all three major football competitions in two consecutive years. This was a unique accomplishment in Malaysian football.

Malaysia Super League
The Malaysia Super League (Malay: Liga Super Malaysia), known simply as the Super League (Malay: Liga Super), is the men's top professional football division of the Malaysian football league system. Administered by the Football Malaysia Limited Liability Partnership (FMLLP), now known as the Malaysian Football League (MFL), the Malaysia Super League is contested by 13 clubs. Until 2022, it operated on a system of promotion and relegation with the Malaysia Premier League, with the two lowest-placed teams relegated and replaced by the promoted top two teams in that division. It has replaced the former top-tier league, Liga Perdana 1, which ran from 1998 to 2003.

37 clubs have competed since the inception of the Malaysia Super League in 2004, with eight winning the title (Selangor, Kedah Darul Aman, Kelantan, Sri Pahang, Perlis, Negeri Sembilan, LionsXII and Johor Darul Ta'zim). The current champions are Johor Darul Ta'zim, which won their eleventh title in the 2024–25 edition.
1922 Wimbledon Championships – Mixed doubles
Pat O'Hara Wood and Suzanne Lenglen defeated the defending champions Randolph Lycett and Elizabeth Ryan in the final, 6–4, 6–3 to win the mixed doubles tennis title at the 1922 Wimbledon Championships.

Elizabeth Ryan
Elizabeth Montague Ryan (February 5, 1892 – July 6, 1979) was an American tennis player who was born in Anaheim, California, but lived most of her adult life in the United Kingdom. Ryan won 26 Grand Slam titles, 19 in women's doubles and 7 in mixed doubles at Wimbledon, an all-time record for those two events. Twelve of her Wimbledon titles were in women's doubles and seven were in mixed doubles. Ryan also won four women's doubles titles at the French Championships, as well as one women's doubles title and two mixed-doubles titles at the U.S. Championships. During a 19-year run Ryan amassed a total of 659 titles in singles, doubles and mixed doubles.
2012 Democratic Party presidential primaries
From January 3 to June 5, 2012, voters of the Democratic Party chose its nominee for president in the 2012 United States presidential election. President Barack Obama won the Democratic Party nomination by securing more than the required 2,383 delegates on April 3, 2012, after a series of primary elections and caucuses. He was formally nominated by the 2012 Democratic National Convention on September 5, 2012, in Charlotte, North Carolina.

Perennial candidate
A perennial candidate is a term for a political candidate who frequently runs for elected office and rarely, if ever, wins. Perennial candidates are most common where there is no limit on the number of times that a person can run for office and little cost to register as a candidate.
Rosalie Williams
Rosalie Williams (12 June 1919 – 11 December 2009) was an English actress best known for her appearance as Mrs. Hudson in The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes television series produced by Granada Television from 1984 until 1994 alongside Jeremy Brett, David Burke, Edward Hardwicke, and Colin Jeavons.

Rosalie Williams also appeared as Mrs Lacey, Mrs Rimmer and Mrs Sowerbutts  in Coronation Street, an award-winning British soap opera (March 1978 to 1991), and as Mary in 10 episodes of Flambards (1979).

Her husband, actor David Scase, died in 2003. They had four children, Annabel Scase (born 1948), George Rory Scase (1954–2019) - both of whom were actors and both of whom appeared in episodes in the British television series Coronation Street and twins Jo and Kate Scase, born in 1963.

Colin Jeavons
Colin Abel Jeavons (born 20 October 1929) is a British retired actor and television presenter, having trained at the Old Vic Theatre School. He is known for his character roles and has worked in theatre, television and film, especially in literary adaptations and roles related to the works of Charles Dickens.
Grubbs (surname)
Grubbs is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ben Grubbs (1984–), an American football guard

Daniel W. Grubbs (1835–1917), an American lawyer, businessman, and politician

David Grubbs (1967–), a musician

Gary Grubbs (1949–), an American actor

Robert H. Grubbs (1942–2021), an American chemist and Nobel laureate

Todd Grubbs, an American musician

Tom Grubbs (1894–1986), an American baseball pitcher

Victor Grubbs, captain of one of the aircraft involved in the Tenerife airport disaster

Robert H. Grubbs
Robert Howard Grubbs ForMemRS (February 27, 1942 – December 19, 2021) was an American chemist and the Victor and Elizabeth Atkins Professor of Chemistry at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, California. He was a co-recipient of the 2005 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on olefin metathesis.

Grubbs was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 2015 for developments in catalysts that have enabled commercial products.

He was a co-founder of Materia, a university spin-off startup to produce catalysts.
The Brick Moon
"The Brick Moon" is a novella by American writer Edward Everett Hale, published serially in the magazine The Atlantic Monthly in 1869. It is a work of speculative fiction containing the first known fictional description of an artificial satellite (though in 1728 a publication by Isaac Newton included a description of Newton's cannonball, a hypothetical artificial object which is projected from a mountain, as a thought experiment to explain why natural satellites move as they do).

Newton's cannonball
Newton's cannonball was a thought experiment Isaac Newton used to hypothesize that the force of gravity was universal, and it was the key force for planetary motion. It appeared in his posthumously published 1728 work De mundi systemate (also published in English as A Treatise of the System of the World).
Wegefarth County, Texas
Wegefarth County was a Texas county established on June 2, 1873, from Bexar and Young territories and abolished on August 21, 1876. The county shared boundaries with Hardeman County, Indian Territory, and with Greer County which was subject to a territorial dispute between Texas and the U.S. government which maintained that Greer County properly belonged to Indian Territory. The county was named after C. Wegefarth.

Wegefarth County was abolished under a legislative act that created new counties across the Panhandle and, more broadly, across much of the northwestern area of the state. Specifically, those counties formed over lands previously held by Wegefarth were Collingsworth and Donley as well as portions of Briscoe, Childress, Gray, Hall, and Wheeler counties.

Childress County, Texas
Childress County (/ˈtʃɪldrɪs/ CHIL-driss) is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 6,664. The county seat is Childress. The county was created in 1876 and later organized in 1887. It is named for George Campbell Childress, the author of the Texas Declaration of Independence.

County and regional history is preserved in the Childress County Heritage Museum in downtown Childress. The Bradley 3 Ranch, operated by matriarch Minnie Lou Bradley, is entirely in Childress County, but has a Memphis (Hall County) mailing address.
Pollokshaws East railway station
Pollokshaws East railway station is a railway station in Glasgow, Scotland, serving parts of the Pollokshaws, Auldhouse, Newlands and Shawlands neighbourhoods of the city. The station is managed by ScotRail and is located on the Cathcart Circle Line. Services are provided by ScotRail and have previously been provided by ScotRail on behalf of Strathclyde Passenger Transport.

Strathclyde Partnership for Transport
Strathclyde Partnership for Transport (SPT) is a regional transport partnership for the Strathclyde area of western Scotland. It is responsible for planning and coordinating regional transport, especially the public transport system in the area, including responsibility for operating the Glasgow Subway, the third-oldest in the world.