hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thomas Drummond (politician)
Thomas Drummond (c. 1833 – April 1865) was an American politician.

Drummond was a native of Virginia, born in about 1833. Aged about 22, he moved to Vinton, Iowa, and became the editor of the Vinton Eagle. The following year, Drummond was a delegate at the Republican National Convention. In 1857, Drummond was elected to the Iowa House of Representatives from District 10, which included Benton County at the time. In 1860, Drummond won election to the Iowa Senate as a representative of District 35. When the American Civil War broke out, he organized a volunteer corps and was commissioned as a lieutenant-colonel of the 4th Iowa Cavalry Regiment. Months later, Drummond was assigned a commission with the 5th U.S. Cavalry Regiment. He died of injuries sustained during the Battle of Five Forks.

Iowa Senate
41°35′28″N 93°36′14″W﻿ / ﻿41.591°N 93.604°W﻿ / 41.591; -93.604

The Iowa Senate is the upper house of the Iowa General Assembly. There are 50 seats in the Iowa Senate, representing 50 single-member districts across the state of Iowa with populations of approximately 63,807 per constituency, as of the 2020 United States census. Each Senate district is composed of two House districts. The Senate meets at the Iowa State Capitol in Des Moines.

Unlike the lower house, the Iowa House of Representatives, senators serve four-year terms, with no term limits. Terms are staggered so that half the Senate is up for reelection every two years.
Kōchi Ryōtoku
Kōchi Ueekata Ryōtoku (幸地 親方 良篤; d. 24 June 1798) also known by his Chinese style name Ba Kokugi (馬 克義), was a bureaucrat of Ryukyu Kingdom.

In 1775, Kōchi Ryōtoku and Ie Chōkei was ordered to make the first statutory law in Ryukyuan history by King Shō Boku. The law was completed in 1786. It was called Ryūkyū Karitsu (琉球科律), and was jointly signed by Yonabaru Ryōku, Fukuyama Chōki and Ie Chōkei, all were members of sanshikan. It was officially promulgated and implemented by the king in the same year.

Kōchi was dispatched together with Prince Ginowan Chōyō (also known by Ginowan Chōshō) in 1790 to celebrate Tokugawa Ienari succeeded as shōgun of the Tokugawa shogunate. They sailed back in the next year.

Kōchi served as a member of sanshikan from 1796 to 1798.

Ryukyu Kingdom
The Ryukyu Kingdom was a kingdom in the Ryukyu Islands from 1429 until 1872, when it was reorganized as the Ryukyu Domain, before being fully abolished in 1879. It was ruled as a tributary state of the Ming dynasty by the Ryukyuan monarchy, who unified Okinawa Island to end the Sanzan period, and subsequently extended the kingdom to the Amami Islands and Sakishima Islands. The Ryukyu Kingdom played a central role in the maritime trade networks of medieval East Asia and Southeast Asia despite its small size. The Ryukyu Kingdom became a vassal state of the Satsuma Domain of Japan after the invasion of Ryukyu in 1609 but retained de jure independence until it was transformed into the Ryukyu Domain by the Empire of Japan in 1872. The Ryukyu Domain was abolished by the Meiji government in 1879 and reorganized as Okinawa Prefecture, and the Ryukyuan monarchy was integrated into the new Japanese nobility.
Richard S. Aldrich
Richard Steere Aldrich (February 29, 1884 – December 25, 1941) was an American politician. He was a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives, and served in the Rhode Island State Senate and the Rhode Island House of Representatives.

Rhode Island Senate
The Rhode Island Senate is the upper house of the Rhode Island General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Rhode Island, the lower house being the Rhode Island House of Representatives. It is composed of 38 Senators, each of whom is elected to a two-year term. Rhode Island is one of the 14 states where its upper house serves at a two-year cycle, rather than the normal four-year term as in most states. There is no limit to the number of terms that a Senator may serve. The Rhode Island Senate meets at the Rhode Island State Capitol in Providence.

Like other upper houses of state and territorial legislatures and the federal U.S. Senate, the Senate can confirm or reject gubernatorial appointments to executive departments, commissions and boards and Justices to the Rhode Island Judiciary.
Let Us March Forward Dynamically Towards Final Victory, Holding Higher the Banner of Songun
Let Us March Forward Dynamically Towards Final Victory, Holding Higher the Banner of Songun (Korean: 선군의 기치를 더 높이 추켜들고 최후승리를 향하여 힘차게 싸워나가자) is a speech by Kim Jong Un on 15 April 2012, given to commemorate the centenary of the birth of Kim Il Sung. It was his first major public speech after succeeding his father Kim Jong Il after his death in 2011. He had given at least one speech, Let Us Brilliantly Accomplish the Revolutionary Cause of Juche, Holding Kim Jong Il in High Esteem as the Eternal General Secretary of Our Party, to party officials the week before.

Death and state funeral of Kim Jong Il
Kim Jong Il died on 19 December 2011 as reported by Korean Central Television. The presenter Ri Chun-hee announced that he had died on 17 December at 8:30 am of a massive heart attack while traveling by train to an area outside Pyongyang. Reportedly, he had received medical treatment for cardiac and cerebrovascular diseases, and during the trip, Kim was said to have had an "advanced acute myocardial infarction, complicated with a serious heart shock".

His son Kim Jong Un was announced as North Korea's next leader during the same newscast as "great successor to the revolutionary cause of Juche and outstanding leader of our party, army and people". The elder Kim's funeral was held on 28 December in Pyongyang, with a mourning period lasting until the following day.
Scamman
Scamman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Doug Scamman, American farmer and politician

John Fairfield Scamman (1786–1858), American politician

Seth Scamman (1811–1894), American farmer, educator and politician

Stella Scamman, American farmer, teacher and politician

Doug Scamman Jr.
Walter Douglas Scamman Jr. (born November 26, 1941) is a Republican former Speaker of the New Hampshire House of Representatives from Stratham, New Hampshire.

Scamman was born in Concord, New Hampshire in 1941, the son of Doug Scamman Sr., who served in the New Hampshire House from 1942 to 1947 and 1949 to 1958, and as speaker in 1957. He attended the University of New Hampshire with the help of scholarships and graduated with a degree in political science in 1964. He eventually ran for office and became a state representative and then Speaker of the House in the New Hampshire Legislature. He married Stella Emanuel in 1963 and has four children. Scamman and his wife, Stella, served as New Hampshire state campaign co-chairs for John Kasich's 2016 presidential campaign. He encouraged Kasich to run again in 2020.
Swimming at the 2008 Summer Paralympics – Women's 50 metre freestyle S7
The women's 50m freestyle S7 event at the 2008 Summer Paralympics took place at the Beijing National Aquatics Center on 14 September. There were two heats; the swimmers with the eight fastest times advanced to the final.

Water Cube
The Water Cube (水立方), fully a.k.a. the National Aquatics Centre (国家游泳中心), is a swimming center at the Olympic Green in Chaoyang, Beijing, China.

The Water Cube was originally constructed to host the aquatics competitions at the 2008 Summer Olympics and Paralympics. During the 2008 Olympics—where it hosted diving, swimming and synchronized swimming events—25 world records were broken in this facility. In July 2010, a renovation of the facility was completed, which included the addition of a 12,000 m2 (130,000 sq ft) public water park. After renovation and adaptive configuration, the Water Cube also hosted the 2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympics.
Theoretical Geography
Theoretical Geography is a book by geographer William Bunge, first published in 1962, with a second edition released in 1966. The book is considered a foundational text in quantitative geography and spatial analysis, significantly influencing the development of modern geographical thought.

Torsten Hägerstrand
Torsten Hägerstrand (October 11, 1916, in Moheda – May 3, 2004, in Lund) was a Swedish geographer. He is known for his work on migration, cultural diffusion and time geography.

A native and resident of Sweden, Hägerstrand was a professor (later professor emeritus) of geography at Lund University, where he received his doctorate in 1953. His doctoral research was on cultural diffusion. His research has helped to make Sweden, and particularly Lund, a major center of innovative work in cultural geography. He also influenced the practice of spatial planning in Sweden through his students.
A Rumor of Angels
A Rumor of Angels is a 2002 American film directed by Peter O'Fallon, starring Vanessa Redgrave, Trevor Morgan and Ray Liotta. The story is based upon the 1918 novel Thy Son Liveth: Messages From a Soldier to His Mother by Grace Duffie Boylan.  Although the novel tells the story of what a mother learned from her son about death after he dies in a French battlefield during World War I, the movie is set in the latter part of the 20th century.

Catherine McCormack
Catherine Jane McCormack (born 3 April 1972) is an English actress. Her film appearances include Braveheart (1995), The Land Girls (1998), Dangerous Beauty (1998), Dancing at Lughnasa (1998), Spy Game (2001), and 28 Weeks Later (2007). Her theatre work includes National Theatre productions of All My Sons (2000) and Honour (2003).
Wycombe Summit
The Wycombe Summit was a dry ski slope situated in High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire. It has been closed since 22 November 2005, when a fire destroyed the lodge. In November 2016, Wycombe District Council approved a planning application for 30 dwellings on the site. The plans will also bring the neighbouring Deangarden Wood into positive management and enable formal public use to the Woods.

Dry ski slope
A dry ski slope or artificial ski slope is a ski slope that mimics the attributes of snow using materials that are stable at room temperature, to enable people to ski, snowboard or snow tube in places where natural, snow-covered slopes are inconvenient or unavailable.

Although commonly known as "dry ski slopes", many slopes are lubricated using a mist or jet system to increase speed and prevent damage to equipment from friction heat build-up.
Pippin (name)
Pippin or Pepin is a given name and surname. It is a masculine given name of Frankish origin with uncertain meaning. The name was borne by various members of the Carolingian family that ruled the Austrasian Empire in the Middle Ages, in what is now France and the western parts of Germany; most notably Pepin the Short, the first Carolingian king of the Franks and father of Charlemagne. Other variations of the name include Pipin, Pépin (French), Pippen, Pepijn (Dutch), Peppino or Pepino (Italian), and Pepe (Spanish).

Pepin the Hunchback
Pepin (or Pippin) the Hunchback (French: Pépin le Bossu, German: Pippin der Buckelige; 768/769 – 811) was a Frankish prince. He was the eldest son of Charlemagne and noblewoman Himiltrude. He developed a humped back after birth, leading early medieval historians to give him the epithet "hunchback". He lived with his father's court after Charlemagne dismissed his mother and married Desiderata. Around 781, Pepin's half brother Carloman was rechristened as "Pepin"—a step that may have signaled Charlemagne's decision to disinherit the elder Pepin, for a variety of possible reasons. In 792, Pepin the Hunchback revolted against his father with a group of leading Frankish nobles, but the plot was discovered and put down before the conspiracy could be put into action. Charlemagne commuted Pepin's death sentence, having him tonsured and exiled to the monastery of Prüm instead. Since his death in 811, Pepin has been the subject of numerous works of historical fiction.
In Flanders Fields: The 1917 Campaign
In Flanders Fields: The 1917 Campaign is a history of the Third Battle of Ypres by Leon Wolff, published in 1958, with an introduction by Maj. Gen. J. F. C. Fuller, CB, CBE, DSO. In 1960, Readers Union Ltd published an edition produced by Longmans, Green & Co. for sale to its members only.
 In 1963, a re-edition of the book was included in the Time-Life Reading Program, with an additional introduction by B. H. Liddell-Hart. In 1979, a Penguin Books edition was published "with minor emendations". Based on this, in 2003 Cambridge University Press published a "Folio Society" edition.

B. H. Liddell Hart
Sir Basil Henry Liddell Hart (31 October 1895 – 29 January 1970), commonly known throughout most of his career as Captain B. H. Liddell Hart, was a British soldier, military historian, and military theorist. He wrote a series of military histories that proved influential among strategists. Arguing that frontal assault was bound to fail at great cost in lives, as proven in World War I, he recommended the "indirect approach" and reliance on fast-moving armoured formations.

His pre-war publications are known to have influenced German World War II strategy, though he was accused of prompting captured generals to exaggerate his part in the development of blitzkrieg tactics. 
He also helped promote the Rommel myth and the "clean Wehrmacht" argument for political purposes, when the Cold War necessitated the recruitment of a new West German army.
The Accident Group
The Accident Group was a Manchester-based personal injury claims management company that went into administration in May 2003. The firm gained notoriety for firing 2,400 workers by text message, which, according to BBC reports, led to the firm's offices being emptied of computer equipment by disgruntled staff. The business was placed into administration the day before staff were due their monthly salaries.

Personal injury
Personal injury is a legal term for an injury to the body, mind, or emotions, as opposed to an injury to property. In common law jurisdictions the term is most commonly used to refer to a type of tort lawsuit in which the person bringing the suit (the plaintiff in American jurisdictions or claimant in English law) has suffered harm to their body or mind. Personal injury lawsuits are filed against the person or entity that caused the harm through negligence, gross negligence, reckless conduct, or intentional misconduct, and in some cases on the basis of strict liability. Different jurisdictions describe the damages (or, the things for which the injured person may be compensated) in different ways, but damages typically include the injured person's medical bills, pain and suffering, and diminished quality of life.
Trigo Cup
The Trigo Cup also known as the Ulster Greyhound Derby was a greyhound racing competition held annually at Celtic Park in Belfast, Northern Ireland.

It was introduced in 1926 when William Barnett presented a cup to Celtic Park after his horse Trigo won The Derby and St Leger Stakes. The first winner was Black Scab and the Trigo Cup would gain classic status some years later in 1944.

From 1966 it was sponsored by Guinness and became known as the Guinness Ulster Derby and Trigo Cup. The race ended following the closure of Celtic Park.

St Leger Stakes
The St Leger Stakes is a Group 1 flat horse race in Great Britain open to three-year-old thoroughbred colts and fillies. It is run at Doncaster over a distance of 1 mile, 6 furlongs and 115 yards (2,921 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in September.

Established in 1776, the St Leger is the oldest of Britain's five Classic races. It is the last of the five to be run each year, and its distance is longer than any of the other four.

The St Leger is the final leg of the English Triple Crown, which begins with the 2000 Guineas and continues with the Derby. It also completes the Fillies Triple Crown, following on from the 1000 Guineas and The Oaks. The St Leger has rarely featured Triple Crown contenders in recent decades, with the only one in recent years being the 2012 2,000 Guineas and Derby winner Camelot, who finished second in the St Leger.
Margareta of Rawa
Margareta of Rawa (Polish: Małgorzata Rawska;  1436/40 - betw. 5 May 1483/1 September 1485), was a member of the House of Piast and by marriage Duchess of Oleśnica, Koźle and half of Bytom.

She was the only child of Siemowit V, Duke of Rawa by his wife Margareta, daughter of Jan II of Iron, Duke of Racibórz.

Koźle
Koźle (German: Cosel) is a district of Kędzierzyn-Koźle, Poland, located in the western part of the city at the junction of the Kłodnica and Oder rivers, c. 50 km southeast of Opole. The district has a Roman Catholic church, a medieval chateau, remains of a 19th-century fortress and a high school. Koźle's industries include a shipyard and an inland port.
Bacalao (phantom island)
Bacalao, Bacallao, or Terra do Bacalhau was a phantom island depicted on several early 16th century Portuguese maps and nautical charts. The name is a variation of bacalhau, meaning "cod" or "stockfish".

According to Gaspar Frutuoso in his work Saudades da Terra, written in the 1570s, a joint crew of Didrik Pining, John Scolvus, Hans Pothorst, Álvaro Martins, and João Vaz Corte-Real in 1472 was granted lands in the Azores by the king of Portugal, because of his discovery of the Terras do Bacalhau. Historians do not consider the work of Frutuoso as very reliable, as it contains a great deal of misinformation.

Off the northwest tip of Newfoundland's Avalon Peninsula is an island named Bacalaos,  known to Europeans by that name since at least 1556, when it was drawn on the Gastaldi map as "Bacalaos".

Gaspar Frutuoso
Gaspar Frutuoso (c. 1522 – 1591) was a Portuguese priest, historian and humanist from the island of São Miguel, in the Portuguese archipelago of the Azores. His major contribution to Portuguese history was his detailed descriptions of the history and geography of the Azores, Madeira, Canary Islands and references to Cape Verde, which he published in his six-part tome Saudades da Terra, as well as Saudades do Céu.
Akira Kobayashi (typographer)
Akira Kobayashi (小林 章, born 1960) is a Japanese font designer living in Germany. As type director for Monotype, he oversees typeface design and reprints of classic typefaces such as Optima. He has also served as a judge in several international typeface contests. He previously worked at 写研 (Shaken), and later designed the European characters for Hiragino Mincho and AXIS Font. He is a leading person in designing Western typefaces in Japan, and has co-developed fonts with Hermann Zapf and Adrian Frutiger. Kobayashi grew up in Japan and has written a Japanese-language book about Western fonts, titled "西文字体" ("Western font").

His work has been profiled in Communication Arts magazine. Print Magazine featured him in an interview, as did Sony Design.

Optima
Optima is a humanist sans-serif typeface designed by Hermann Zapf and released by the D. Stempel AG foundry, Frankfurt, West Germany, in 1958.

Though classified as a sans-serif, Optima has a subtle swelling at the terminals suggesting a glyphic serif. Optima was inspired by classical Roman capitals and the stonecarving on Renaissance-period tombstones Zapf saw in Florence on a 1950 holiday to Italy.

Zapf intended Optima to be a typeface that could serve for both body text and titling. To prove its versatility, Zapf set his entire book About Alphabets in the regular weight. Zapf retained an interest in the design, collaborating on variants and expansions into his eighties.
Thomas A. Ferguson
Thomas A. Ferguson (born 1950) is an American government official who was Director of the Bureau of Engraving and Printing from 1998 to 2005.

Ferguson was born in Trenton, New Jersey in 1950.  He was educated at Lafayette College, receiving a B.A. in Economics.  He later completed an M.P.A. from the University of Southern California.

Ferguson joined the Bureau of Engraving and Printing in 1974 as a quality assurance specialist.  In 1988, he became head of the Office of Advanced Counterfeit Deterrence.  He was later Deputy Assistant Director of Operations and Assistant Director of Research and Technology, in which capacity he chaired the New Currency Design Task Force.

In 1998, Ferguson became Director of the Bureau of Engraving and Printing.  He held this office until 2005.

Since retiring from government service, Ferguson has run a consulting business based out of Howard County, Maryland.

Lafayette College
Lafayette College is a private liberal arts college in Easton, Pennsylvania, United States. Founded in 1826 by James Madison Porter and other citizens in Easton, the college first held classes in 1832. The founders voted to name the college after the Marquis de Lafayette, a hero of the American Revolution.

Located on College Hill in Easton, the campus overlooks the Delaware River and is situated in the Lehigh Valley, about 70 mi (110 km) west of New York City and 60 mi (97 km) north of Philadelphia. Lafayette enrolls approximately 2,700 undergraduate students and offers programs in the humanities, social sciences, natural sciences, and engineering. The college emphasizes small class sizes and undergraduate research, and it competes in NCAA Division I athletics as a member of the Patriot League. As of 2024, its endowment was valued at over $1 billion.
January 1986 Lebanese Forces coup
On January 15, 1986, forces loyal to Lebanese president Amine Gemayel and Samir Geagea, intelligence chief of the Lebanese Forces (LF), ousted Elie Hobeika from his position as leader of the LF and replaced him with Geagea. The coup came in response to Hobeika's signing of the Syrian-sponsored Tripartite Accord that aimed to put an end to the Lebanese Civil War.

Lebanese Resistance Regiments
The Lebanese Resistance Regiments (Arabic: أفواج المقاومة اللبنانية, romanized: ʾAfwāj al-Muqāwama al-Lubnāniyya, or أَمَل AMAL), also designated Lebanese Resistance Battalions, Lebanese Resistance Detachments, Lebanese Resistance Legions and Battalions de la Resistance Libanaise (BRL), but simply known by its Arabic acronym أَمَل ʾAmal which means "Hope", were the military wing of the Amal Movement, a political organization representing the Muslim Shia community of Lebanon. The movement's political wing was officially founded in February 1973 from a previous organization bearing the same name and its military wing was formed in January 1975. The Amal militia was a major player in the Lebanese Civil War from 1975 to 1991. The militia has now been disarmed, though the movement itself, now known as the Amal Movement (Arabic: Harakat Amal), is a notable Shia political party in Lebanon alongside Hezbollah.
Meltdown (Vinnie Moore album)
Meltdown is the third studio album by the American guitarist Vinnie Moore, released in 1991 through Relativity Records. Moore wanted to use a singer on the album but could not find a suitable one. He supported the album with a North American tour.

Relativity Records
Relativity Records was an American record label founded by Barry Kobrin at the site of his vinyl record shop, Important Record Distributors (IRD) in metropolitan New York City. The IRD distribution name was later known as RED Distribution and again as RED Music.

Relativity released music that covered a wide variety of musical genres. When it entered into a deal with Sony Music Entertainment, it became more known for its heavy metal and hip hop releases.

In 1999, Relativity was folded into Steve Rifkind's Loud Records, which in turn was shut down by Sony Music in 2002, with its parent distributor, RED Distribution, maintaining its existence, but later as RED Music, being merged into the Orchard in 2017 by Sony.