hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Al-Buwayti
Abū Yaʿqūb Yūsuf ibn Yaḥyā al-Buwayṭī (d. 231 AH/846 CE) was an Egyptian Islamic jurist, traditionist, and leading early authority of the Shafi'i school. He was among the closest companions and principal transmitters of Imam al-Shafi‘i and succeeded him as the head of his teaching circle in Egypt after his death.

He is regarded by Shafi‘i scholars as one of the earliest systematizers and transmitters of the school’s doctrine and legal methodology.

Al-Shafi'i
Al-Shafi'i (Arabic: الشَّافِعِيّ, romanized: al-Shāfiʿī; IPA: [a(l) ʃaːfiʕiː] ⓘ;767–820 CE) was a Muslim scholar, jurist, muhaddith, traditionist, theologian, ascetic, and eponym of the Shafi'i school of Sunni Islamic jurisprudence. He is known to be the first to write a book upon the  principles of Islamic jurisprudence, having authored one of the earliest work on the subject: al-Risala. His legacy and teaching on the matter provided it with a systematic form, thereby "fundamentally influencing the succeeding generations which are under his direct and obvious impact,": 270  and "beginning a new phase of the development of legal theory.": 239–273

Born in Gaza, Palestine, to the Banu Muttalib clan of the Quraysh tribe, he relocated at the age of two and was raised in Mecca. He later resided in Medina, Yemen, Baghdad in Iraq, and Egypt, and also served as a judge for some time in Najran.
2016 SABA Championship
The 2016 SABA Championship was the 5th SABA Championship, and the qualifying event in the SABA subzone, one of the FIBA Asia's subzone for the 2016 FIBA Asia Challenge. The games were held from 6 July to 8 July in Bengaluru, India.

India successfully defended their title by sweeping the tournament, 3–0, winning the subzone title and the subzone's lone spot for the main tournament.

After a three-way tie for the second spot, Maldives notched their first podium finish by winning the point differential against third-place Nepal and fourth-place Bangladesh.

SABA Championship
The SABA Championship is a basketball tournament for national teams organized by the South Asia Basketball Association, a sub-zone of the FIBA Asia. It serves as a qualifier for various FIBA Asia events such as the FIBA Asia Championship and the FIBA Asia Cup.

Starting immediately at the end of the 2019 FIBA Basketball World Cup, a new qualification format for 2021 FIBA Asia Cup, and for every continental championships thereafter, has been introduced, wherein home and away games will be done during the pre-qualifiers in order to determine the participants for the main qualifiers that will battle for the 16 berths of the continental championships.
History of the Republic of Turkey
The Republic of Turkey was created after the overthrow of Sultan Mehmed VI by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk in 1922 by the new Republican Parliament in 1923. This new regime delivered the coup de grâce to the Ottoman state which had been practically wiped away from the world stage following the First World War.

Southeastern Anatolia region
The Southeastern Anatolia region (Turkish: Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi) is a geographical region of Turkey. The most populous city in the region is Gaziantep. Other big cities are Şanlıurfa, Diyarbakır, Mardin and Adıyaman.

It is bordered by the Mediterranean region to the west, the Eastern Anatolia region to the north, Syria (Rojava) to the south, and Iraq (Southern Kurdistan) to the southeast.
2016 Tampere Open
The 2016 Tampere Open was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the 35th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2016 ATP Challenger Tour and the 2016 ITF Women's Circuit. It took place in Tampere, Finland, on 18–24 July 2016.

2016 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour, in 2016, was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2016 ATP Challenger Tour calendar contained 166 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $40,000 up to $125,000. It was the 39th edition of challenger tournaments cycle, and 8th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Toll-like receptor 2
Toll-like receptor 2 also known as TLR2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TLR2 gene. TLR2 has also been designated as CD282 (cluster of differentiation 282). TLR2 is one of the toll-like receptors and plays a role in the immune system. TLR2 is a membrane protein, a receptor, which is expressed on the surface of certain cells and recognizes foreign substances and passes on appropriate signals to the cells of the immune system.

Granulocyte
Granulocytes are cells in the innate immune system characterized by the presence of specific granules in their cytoplasm. Such granules distinguish them from the various agranulocytes. All myeloblastic granulocytes are polymorphonuclear, that is, they have varying shapes (morphology) of the nucleus (segmented, irregular; often lobed into three segments); and are referred to as polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN, PML, or PMNL). In common terms, polymorphonuclear granulocyte refers specifically to "neutrophil granulocytes", the most abundant of the granulocytes; the other types (eosinophils, basophils, and mast cells) have varying morphology. Granulocytes are produced via granulopoiesis in the bone marrow.
Birgit Aagard-Svendsen
Birgit Aagard-Svendsen (born 29 February 1956) is a Danish business executive who as of September 2015, became the executive vice-president and chief financial officer of the J. Lauritzen shipping company in Copenhagen, Denmark.

Chief financial officer
A chief financial officer (CFO) is an officer of a company or organization who is assigned the primary responsibility for making decisions for the company for projects and its finances; i.a.: financial planning, management of financial risks, record-keeping, and financial reporting, and, increasingly, the analysis of data.
The CFO thus has ultimate authority over the finance unit and is the chief financial spokesperson for the organization.

The CFO typically reports to the chief executive officer (CEO) and the board of directors and may additionally have a seat on the board. The CFO directly assists the chief operating officer (COO) on all business matters relating to budget management, cost–benefit analysis, forecasting needs, and securing of new funding. Some CFOs have the title CFOO for chief financial and operating officer. In most countries, finance directors (FD) typically report into the CFO, and FD is the level before reaching CFO.
HD 65216 b
HD 65216 b is an extrasolar planet located approximately 115 light-years away in the constellation of Carina, orbiting the star HD 65216. This planet was discovered by the Geneva Extrasolar Planet Search Team in 2003. Like most planet candidates so far, it was detected with the radial velocity method.

The planet has a minimum mass about 30% more than Jupiter. Since the discovery method gives only the minimum mass, its true mass is probably larger than this. The planet orbits the star in an eccentric orbit and takes 577 days to complete one orbit.

Carina (constellation)
Carina (/kəˈraɪnə, kəˈriːnə/ kə-RY-nə, -⁠REE-) is a constellation in the southern sky. Its name is Latin for the keel of a ship, and it was the southern foundation of the larger constellation of Argo Navis (the ship Argo) until it was divided into three pieces, the other two being Puppis (the poop deck), and Vela (the sails of the ship).
Bee hotel
Bee hotels are a type of insect hotel for solitary pollinator bees, or wasps, providing them rest and shelter. Typically, these bees would nest in hollow plant stems, holes in dead wood, or other natural cavities; a bee hotel attempts to mimic this structure by using a bunch of hollow reeds or holes drilled in wood, among other methods. Bee hotels can possibly support native bee and wasp populations by adding nesting resources to a habitat. However, some activists have criticized bee hotels for being ineffective at rehabilitating native bee populations and possibly harming them by providing homes to invasive species and creating grounds where bees can transmit diseases to one another. Bee hotels generally only support a small proportion of bee species, as the vast majority of wild bees breed underground, e.g. sand bees, long-horned bees, silk bees, furrow bees and narrow bees.

Insect hotel
An insect hotel, also known as a bug hotel or insect house, is a manmade structure created to provide shelter for insects. They can come in a variety of shapes and sizes depending on the specific purpose or specific insect it is catered to. Most consist of several different sections that provide insects with nesting facilities – particularly during winter, offering shelter or refuge for many types of insects. Their purposes include hosting pollinators.
Pauline Bebe
Pauline Bebe is the rabbi of Communauté Juive Libérale, a Progressive Jewish congregation in Paris. She was the first female rabbi in France, and the first female rabbi to lead a synagogue there.  As of 2018 France has only four women rabbis, Bebe, Célia Surget, Delphine Horvilleur and Floriane Chinsky.

Hebrew Union College – Jewish Institute of Religion
The Hebrew Union College – Jewish Institute of Religion (HUC-JIR; also known as Hebrew Union College or HUC) is an institution of higher Jewish education and the academic, spiritual, and professional leadership development center of Reform Judaism. It has three locations in the United States and one location in Jerusalem. It is the oldest extant Jewish seminary in the Americas and the main seminary for training rabbis, cantors, educators and communal workers in Reform Judaism. Hebrew Union College has campuses in Cincinnati, Ohio, New York City, Los Angeles, and Jerusalem. The Jerusalem campus is the only seminary in Israel for training Reform Jewish clergy.
EE Pegasi
EE Pegasi is a variable triple star system in the northern constellation Pegasus. It is too faint to be readily visible to the naked eye with a combined apparent visual magnitude of 6.96. The system is located at a distance of approximately 472 light years from the Sun based on Parallax, but is drifting closer with a radial velocity of −23 km/s.

This system was found to be an eclipsing binary by German astronomer Cuno Hoffmeister in 1935, and has since been the subject of multiple studies. The pair orbit each other closely with a period of 2.628 days. The magnitude 7.09 primary, component A, is an Am star with a stellar classification of A3m. It has more than double the mass and radius of the Sun. The secondary companion, component B, is an F-type main-sequence star with a class of F5V and a visual magnitude of 9.40. A third component is a smaller orange or red dwarf that orbits the main pair every 4.01 years.

Pegasus (constellation)
Pegasus is a constellation in the northern sky, named after the winged horse Pegasus in Greek mythology. It was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, and is one of the 88 constellations recognised today. It lies just north of the celestial equator.

With an apparent magnitude varying between 2.37 and 2.45, the brightest star in Pegasus is the orange supergiant Epsilon Pegasi, also known as Enif, which marks the horse's muzzle. Alpha (Markab), Beta (Scheat), and Gamma (Algenib), together with Alpha Andromedae (Alpheratz) form the large asterism known as the Square of Pegasus. Twelve star systems have been found to have exoplanets.

51 Pegasi was the first Sun-like star discovered to have an exoplanet companion. It is just over 50 light years distance.
Wiener amalgam space
In mathematics, amalgam spaces categorize functions with regard to their local and global behavior.  While the concept of function spaces treating local and global behavior separately was already known earlier, Wiener amalgams, as the term is used today, were introduced by Hans Georg Feichtinger in 1980.  The concept is named after Norbert Wiener.

Let  be a normed space with norm . Then the Wiener amalgam space with local component  and
global component , a weighted  space with non-negative weight , is defined by

where  is a continuously differentiable, compactly supported function, such that , for all . Again, the space defined is independent of . As the definition suggests, Wiener amalgams are useful to describe functions showing characteristic local and global behavior.

Lp space
In mathematics, the Lp spaces are function spaces defined using a natural generalization of the p-norm for finite-dimensional vector spaces. They are sometimes called Lebesgue spaces, named after Henri Lebesgue (Dunford & Schwartz 1958, III.3), although according to the Bourbaki group (Bourbaki 1987) they were first introduced by Frigyes Riesz (Riesz 1910).

Lp spaces form an important class of Banach spaces in functional analysis, and of topological vector spaces. Because of their key role in the mathematical analysis of measure and probability spaces, Lebesgue spaces are used also in the theoretical discussion of problems in physics, statistics, economics, finance, engineering, and other disciplines.
Biała Piska
Biała Piska [ˈbʲawa ˈpʲiska] ⓘ (former Polish: Biała; German: Bialla, 1938-45: Gehlenburg, 1334: Gailen) is a town in Pisz County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, Poland, with 3,986 inhabitants as of December 2021.

Biała Piska is a member of Cittaslow.

Cittaslow
Cittaslow is an organisation founded in Italy and inspired by the slow food movement. Cittaslow's goals include improving the quality of life in towns by slowing down its overall pace, especially in a city's use of spaces and the flow of life and traffic through them.

As of November 2025, Cittaslow has 308 members, 221 in Europe, 71 in Asia, 6 in North America, 4 in South America, 4 in Oceania, and 2 in Africa. Countries with most members are Italy (90), Poland (37), Turkey (28), Germany (24), China (18), South Korea (15), France (13) and Spain (11).
Løgumkloster
Løgumkloster (German: Lügumkloster; both mean 'Løgum monastery'), is a town in Tønder Municipality in Region of Southern Denmark on the Jutland peninsula in south Denmark with a population of 3,519 (1 January 2025). Its name testifies that the town was once the site of the Cistercian Løgum Abbey, in the then Roman Catholic diocese of Ribe.

Løgumkloster was the municipal seat of the now abolished Løgumkloster Municipality.

Tønder Municipality
Tønder Municipality (Danish: Tønder Kommune, German: Kommune Tondern, North Frisian: Tuner Komuun) is a kommune in the Region of Southern Denmark on the Jutland peninsula in south Denmark. The municipality covers an area of 1,252 km2, and has a total population of 36,399 (2025). Its mayor is Jørgen Popp Petersen, a member of the regional Schleswig Party.

The main town and the site of its municipal council is the town of Tønder. It consists of six old municipalities, the former Tønder municipality (1970-2006) with 12,706 inhabitants in January 2000 on 184.59 square kilometers among them.
The Judge and His Hangman (Studio One)
"The Judge and His Hangman" is an episode of the CBS television anthology series Studio One consisting of an hour-long adaptation of Friedrich Dürrenmatt's 1950 novel of the same name. The episode was first broadcast November 14, 1955. Adapted by Dick Berg and directed by William H. Brown Jr., the episode starred Kurt Kasznar, Charles Korvin, and Luis Van Rooten.

Studio One (American TV series)
Studio One is an American anthology drama television series that was adapted from a radio series. It was created in 1947 by Canadian director Fletcher Markle, who came to CBS from the CBC. It premiered on November 7, 1948, and ended on September 29, 1958, with a total of 467 episodes over the course of 10 seasons.
The Shore Road Mystery
Children's literature portal

Novels portal

The Shore Road Mystery is the sixth volume in the original The Hardy Boys Mystery Stories published by Grosset & Dunlap.  The plot centers on attempts by the Hardy Boys to catch a ring of car thieves stealing cars from the Shore Road.

This book was written for the Stratemeyer Syndicate by Leslie McFarlane in 1928. Between 1959 and 1973 the first 38 volumes of this series were systematically revised as part of a project directed by Harriet Adams, Edward Stratemeyer's daughter. The original version of this book was rewritten in 1964 by David Grambs resulting in two different stories with the same title. The original version entered the public domain in the United States in 2024.

Grosset & Dunlap
Grosset & Dunlap is a New York City-based publishing house founded in 1898.

The company was purchased by G. P. Putnam's Sons in 1982 and today is part of Penguin Random House through its subsidiary Penguin Group.

In recent years, through the Penguin Group, they have published approximately 170 titles a year, including licensed children's books for such properties as Miss Spider, Strawberry Shortcake, Super Why!, Charlie and Lola, Nova the Robot, Weebles, Bratz, The Wiggles, Sonic X, and Atomic Betty. Grosset & Dunlap also publishes Dick and Jane children's books and, through Platt & Munk, The Little Engine That Could.
Andrea Kalin
Andrea Kalin is an American independent filmmaker, writer, producer, and director. She is also the principal and founder of Spark Media and founder and executive director of Stone Soup Productions, a 501(c)(3) non-profit foundation.

Red Lines
Red Lines is a documentary film produced by Spark Media in 2014. It depicts the ongoing civil war in Syria and the efforts of activists Mouaz Moustafa and Razan Shalab-al-Sham to raise international support for the revolution and to promote democracy in the Middle East.
Lucien Biva
Lucien Felix Biva (13 August 1878 – October 1965) was a French–American artist. He studied painting early on with his father, the Naturalist painter Henri Biva. He was also the nephew of the painter Paul Biva. Between 1921 and 1949 he was an ornamental designer for textile fabrics and similar articles of manufacture having surface ornamentation, patenting over eighty designs with the United States Patent Office. He was a member of the Society of French Artists and the Society of Independent Artists.

Société des Artistes Indépendants
The Société des Artistes Indépendants (French pronunciation: [sɔsjete dez‿aʁtist(z‿)ɛ̃depɑ̃dɑ̃], Society of Independent Artists) or Salon des Indépendants (pronounced [salɔ̃ dez ͜ ɛ̃depɑ̃dɑ̃]) was formed in Paris on 29 July 1884. The association began with the organization of massive exhibitions in Paris, choosing the slogan "sans jury ni récompense" ("without jury nor reward"). Albert Dubois-Pillet, Odilon Redon, Georges Seurat and Paul Signac were among its founders. For the following three decades their annual exhibitions set the trends in art of the early 20th century, along with the Salon d'Automne. This is where artworks were often first displayed and widely discussed. World War I brought a closure to the salon, though the Artistes Indépendants remained active. Since 1920, the headquarters has been located in the vast basements of the Grand Palais (next door to the Société des Artistes Français, the Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts, the Société du Salon d'Automne, and others).
Mountain Athletic Conference (PIAA)
The Mountain Athletic Conference (MAC or simply Mountain Conference) is a high school athletic conference with the Pennsylvania Interscholastic Athletic Association (PIAA) located in the state of Pennsylvania.  The conference is located primarily in the central region of the state.  Most of the conferences 9 member schools are located in District 6 of the PIAA, except for Clearfield Area Junior/Senior High School which is a member of District 9, but competes in District 6 athletic competitions.  The MAC consists of the Pennsylvania counties of Bedford, Blair, Centre, Clearfield and Huntingdon.

Pennsylvania Interscholastic Athletic Association
The Pennsylvania Interscholastic Athletic Association, Inc. (PIAA) is the primary governing body of high school and middle school athletics in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. PIAA's main office is located in the Harrisburg suburb of Mechanicsburg.
Biljoen Castle
Castle Biljoen lies between the Veluwe and the IJssel near Velp. This Noble House from the 16th century was rebuilt by Alexander van Spaen (1619–1692) into the present day castle with four equal corner towers.

Velp, Gelderland
Velp is a Dutch village located east of Arnhem within the municipality of Rheden, between Arnhem, Rozendaal, and the town of Rheden.

Velp was a separate municipality from 1812 to 1818, when it was merged with Rheden. The municipality also included the village of Rozendaal.
Fahiria
Fahiria is a suco in Aileu subdistrict, Aileu District, Timor-Leste. The administrative area covers an area of  43.77 square kilometres and at the time of the 2010 census it had a population of  854 people.

Aileu
Aileu is the main township in Aileu District, Timor-Leste. It is located 47 km (29 mi) southwest of Dili, the national capital, and had a population of 2,788 in 2015.
In Portuguese Timor, the city was known as Vila General Carmona, after the Portuguese dictator António Óscar Carmona, but after World War II it was renamed. Aileu means "bent tree" in Mambai.
Hosena station
Hosena station (Hohenbocka station until 2000) is a station at the junction of the Węgliniec–Roßlau railway and the Lübbenau–Kamenz railway. The station is located in the southeast of the German state of Brandenburg in the village of Hosena, north of the village of Hohenbocka.

The station was built in 1873 as a “tower station” (German: Turmbahnhof, a two level interchange station) on the Lübbenau-Kamenz and Węgliniec (then called Kohlfurt)–Roßlau railways. Remains of the railway bridge of the Lübbenau-Kamenz line still exist.

Lübbenau (Spreewald) station
Lübbenau (German: Bahnhof Lübbenau) is a railway statiion located in Lübbenau, Germany. The station is located on the Berlin–Görlitz railway and Lübbenau–Kamenz railway. The train services are operated by DB Regio Nordost and Ostdeutsche Eisenbahn (ODEG).

In the 2026 timetable the following lines stop at the station:

Until mid-December 2014 the station was also served by EuroCity "Wawel", which used to run once daily between Berlin Hauptbahnhof and Wrocław Główny.
Koszul–Tate resolution
In mathematics, a Koszul–Tate resolution or Koszul–Tate complex of the quotient ring R/M is a projective resolution of it as an R-module which also has a structure of a dg-algebra over R, where R is a commutative ring and M ⊂ R is an ideal. They were introduced by Tate (1957) as a generalization of the Koszul resolution for the quotient R/(x1, ...., xn) of R by a regular sequence of elements. Friedemann Brandt, Glenn Barnich, and Marc Henneaux (2000) used the Koszul–Tate resolution to calculate BRST cohomology. The differential of this complex is called the Koszul–Tate derivation or  Koszul–Tate differential.

Commutative ring
In mathematics, a commutative ring is a ring in which the multiplication operation is commutative. The study of commutative rings is called commutative algebra. Complementarily, noncommutative algebra is the study of ring properties that are not specific to commutative rings. This distinction results from the high number of fundamental properties of commutative rings that do not extend to noncommutative rings.

Commutative rings appear in the following chain of class inclusions:

rngs ⊃ rings ⊃ commutative rings ⊃  integral domains ⊃ integrally closed domains ⊃ GCD domains ⊃ unique factorization domains ⊃ principal ideal domains ⊃ Euclidean domains ⊃ fields ⊃ algebraically closed fields