hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Okabe Motonobu
Okabe Motonobu (岡部 元信, d. April 25, 1581), also known as Naganori,  was a Japanese samurai of the Sengoku period, in the service of the Imagawa clan. The second son of Okabe Chikatsuna, he became a senior retainer of the Imagawa, following in his father's footsteps.

In 1560, after his lord Imagawa Yoshimoto was killed at the Battle of Okehazama, he kept fighting and even retrieved his lord's corpse. Following the clan's collapse, he switched his allegiance to the Takeda clan and defended Takatenjin Castle.

In 1581, he died in the Siege of Takatenjin against Honda Tadakatsu when he and his troops were attacked by Tokugawa Ieyasu's forces.

Takatenjin Castle
Takatenjin Castle (高天神城, Takatenjin-jō) was a Sengoku period yamashiro-style Japanese castle located in the Kamihijikata and Shimohijikata neighborhoods of the city of Kakegawa, Shizuoka prefecture. The ruins have been protected as a National Historic Site since 1975, with the area under protection extended in 2007.
Leonard Hanssen
Leonard Hanssen is an American physicist at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). He is the project leader for infrared spectrophotometry in the Sensor Science Division of the Physical Measurement Laboratory. Hanssen is responsible for the realizing and maintaining NIST's scales for spectral reflectance, transmittance, and emittance of materials at infrared wavelengths. He is an expert in infrared spectrophotometry and integrating sphere design and applications.

Spectrophotometry
Spectrophotometry is a branch of electromagnetic spectroscopy concerned with the quantitative measurement of the reflection or transmission properties of a material as a function of wavelength. Spectrophotometry uses photometers, known as spectrophotometers, that can measure the intensity of a light beam at different wavelengths. Although spectrophotometry is most commonly applied to ultraviolet, visible, and infrared radiation, modern spectrophotometers can interrogate wide swaths of the electromagnetic spectrum, including x-ray, ultraviolet, visible, infrared, or microwave wavelengths.
1981 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship
The 1981 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship was the high point of the 1981 season. The championship was won by Killkenny who defeated Cork by a five-point margin in a replayed final. The match drew an attendance of 3,000.

All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship
The All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship is a competition for inter-county teams in the women's field sport of game of camogie played in Ireland. The series of games are organised by the Camogie Association and are played during the summer months with the All-Ireland Camogie Final being played in Croke Park, Dublin. The prize for the winning team is the O'Duffy Cup.

The men's equivalent tournament is the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship.
1955 Greek Football Cup final
The 1955 Greek Cup final was the 13th final of the Greek Cup. The match took place on 12 June 1955 at Leoforos Alexandras Stadium. The contesting teams were Panathinaikos and PAOK. It was Panathinaikos' fourth Greek Cup final in their 47 years of existence and PAOK's third Greek Cup final in their 29-year history.

Greek Football Cup
The Greek Football Cup (Greek: Ελληνικό Κύπελλο Ποδοσφαίρου), officially known as Betsson Greek Cup (Greek: Κύπελλο Ελλάδας Betsson) for sponsorship reasons is a Greek association football competition, run by the HFF.

The Greek Cup is the second-most important domestic men's football event in Greece, after the championship of Super League. Since its inception in 1931 it has been held 83 times, with a cup winner being crowned on 82 occasions, the final in 1962 being the only occasion when no champion was crowned.

Olympiacos is the most successful club, having reached the final 43 times and earning 29 trophies.
Stanhope, Prince Edward Island
Stanhope is a Canadian rural community on the north shore of Prince Edward Island. Administratively, it is part of the Rural Municipality of North Shore.

Located within the township of Lot 34, Stanhope's population grows significantly during the summer cottage season. However, the year-round population has been increasing in recent years.

Stanhope borders Prince Edward Island National Park, and is home to Stanhope Beach as well as several scenic and popular walking trails.

Lot 34, Prince Edward Island
Lot 34 is a township in Queens County, Prince Edward Island, Canada.  It is part of Charlotte Parish. Lot 34 was awarded to John Dickson in the 1767 land lottery while Dickson was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Peeblesshire. Sir James Montgomery, 1st Baronet obtained the land upon Dickson's death. As of the 2006 census, there were 2,355 people living on a land area of 92.12 square kilometres (35.57 sq mi).
Marrett House
The Daniel Marrett House is a historic house museum at 40 East Ossipee Trail (Maine State Route 25) in Standish, Maine.  Built in 1789, it is a prominent local example of Greek Revival architecture, and was for many years owned by members of the Marrett family.  In 1944 it was given to the Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities (now Historic New England), which operates it as a museum today.  The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.

Maine State Route 25
State Route 25 (SR 25) is part of the system of numbered highways in Maine.  It runs for 42.4 miles (68.2 km) across the south central part of the state. SR 25 begins at the New Hampshire border near Porter, where it continues west as New Hampshire Route 25 (NH 25).  Its eastern terminus is in downtown Portland at the intersection of Park Avenue and State Street.  Administratively, it shares a terminus with SR 22 and SR 77.
Nandus oxyrhynchus
Nandus oxyrhynchus is a species of ray-finned fish from the family Nandidae. It is native to the Mekong River Basin, Chao Phraya River Basin, and Mae Klong River Basin. It occurs in slow flowing and still waters in streams, rivers, pond and lakes. It is a carnivorous fish preying on other fishes and larger invertebrates.

Mae Klong
The Mae Klong (Thai: แม่น้ำแม่กลอง, RTGS: Maenam Mae Klong, Thai pronunciation: [mɛ̂ːnáːm mɛ̂ː klɔ̄ːŋ]), sometimes spelled Meklong, is a river in western Thailand. The river begins in Kanchanaburi Province and flows across Ratchaburi Province and Samut Songkhram Province.
ISU World Team Trophy in Figure Skating
The ISU World Team Trophy in Figure Skating is a figure skating team competition sanctioned by the International Skating Union. The World Team Trophy was held for the first time in Tokyo, Japan, from April 16 to 19, 2009. Traditionally, the competitive skating season had concluded with the World Championships.

The new event was announced at a news conference during the 2008 World Championships, in the hope of encouraging countries to develop top figure skaters in all disciplines. Each country sends two men, two women, one pair, and one ice dance entry.

2008 World Figure Skating Championships
The 2008 World Figure Skating Championships was a senior international figure skating competition in the 2007–08 figure skating season. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing. The event was held at the Scandinavium arena in Gothenburg, Sweden from March 16 to 23.
Leptomenes
Leptomenes is a mainly Afrotropical genus of potter wasps. It was previously a much larger genus, though many species have been transferred to other genera such as Eumenidiopsis, Stroudia, and Tachymenes.

Afrotropical realm
The Afrotropical realm is one of the Earth's eight biogeographic realms. It includes Sub-Saharan Africa, the southern Arabian Peninsula, the island of Madagascar, and the islands of the western Indian Ocean. It was formerly known as the Ethiopian Zone or Ethiopian Region.
Isoclinism of groups
In mathematics, specifically group theory, isoclinism is an equivalence relation on groups which generalizes isomorphism. Isoclinism was introduced by Hall (1940) to help classify and understand p-groups, although it is applicable to all groups.  Isoclinism also has  consequences for the Schur multiplier and the associated aspects of character theory, as described in Suzuki (1982, p. 256) and Conway et al. (1985, p. xxiii, Ch. 6.7). The word "isoclinism" comes from the Greek ισοκλινης meaning equal slope.

Some textbooks discussing isoclinism include Berkovich (2008, §29) and Blackburn, Neumann & Venkataraman (2007, §21.2) and Suzuki (1986, pp. 92–95).

Equivalence relation
In mathematics, an equivalence relation is a binary relation that is reflexive, symmetric, and transitive. The equipollence relation between line segments in geometry is a common example of an equivalence relation. A simpler example is numerical equality. Any number  is equal to itself (reflexive). If , then  (symmetric). If  and , then  (transitive).

Each equivalence relation provides a partition of the underlying set into disjoint equivalence classes. Two elements of the given set are equivalent to each other if and only if they belong to the same equivalence class.
Bethel Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania
Bethel Township is a township in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, United States. It contains the two unincorporated communities of Booth's Corner and Chelsea.  The population was 9,574 at the 2020 census.

Province of Pennsylvania
The Province of Pennsylvania, also known as the Pennsylvania Colony, was a British North American colony founded by William Penn, who received the land through a grant from Charles II of England in 1681. The name Pennsylvania was derived from Latin, meaning "Penn's Woods", a reference to William Penn's father Admiral Sir William Penn.
Mishipañahuin
Mishipañahuin (possibly from Quechua mishi cat (misi, michi), ñawi eye, -pa, -n suffixes, a kind of potato or a name for the common bean) is a 5,208-metre-high (17,087 ft) mountain in the Andes of Peru. It is located in the Junín Region, Yauli Province, Marcapomacocha District. It lies northeast of Lake Marcapomacocha and at the shore of Lake Marcacocha.

Lake Marcapomacocha
Lake Marcapomacocha (possibly from Quechua marka village, puma cougar, puma, qucha lake) is a lake in Peru. It is located in the Junín Region, Yauli Province, Marcapomacocha District. Lake Marcapomacocha lies south of Lake Marcacocha and east of Lake Antacota. It is situated at a height of about 4,400 metres (14,436 ft), about 3.67 km long and 1.95 km at its widest point. It has a catchment area of 141 square kilometres (54 sq mi).
Schlink
Schlink is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bernhard Schlink, German jurist and writer

Basilea Schlink, German religious leader and writer

Edmund Schlink, German Lutheran theologian

Frederick J. Schlink, American consumer rights activist

Edmund Schlink
Edmund Schlink (3 March 1903 – 20 May 1984) was a German-Lutheran pastor and theologian. Between 1946 and his retirement in 1971 he was a professor of dogmatic and ecumenical theology at Heidelberg University.
Akgedik
Akgedik is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Tarsus, Mersin Province, Turkey. Its population is 1,509 (2022). It is situated in the Çukurova plains (Cilicia of the antiquity) to the south of Çukurova motorway and Berdan Dam reservoir. The distance to Tarsus is 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) and 30 kilometres (19 mi) to Mersin. Cotton and grape are the two main crops of the village.

Çukurova Motorway
Çukurova motorway (Turkish: Çukurova otoyolu) is the unofficial name of the  motorway (Turkish: otoyol) of Çukurova (ancient Cilicia) in Turkey. It is actually composed of the motorways  O-51 (from Mersin to Adana),  O-53 (from Ceyhan to İskenderun) and a part of  O-52 (between O-51 and O-53).
Siege of Zama
The siege of Zama, part of the Jugurthine War, was an investment of the Numidian town of Zama by a Roman army. The Romans were commanded by Quintus Caecilius Metellus, one of the consuls of 109 BC, while the Numidians were under the overall command of Jugurtha, the king of Numidia. The Romans' main objective was to lure Jugurtha into a set-piece battle; the Numidians had been wearing down the Roman legions by guerilla warfare and the Roman commander hoped the siege would pressure the Numidian king into giving battle. Jugurtha did not let himself be goaded into a pitched battle and kept up his opportune attacks while the defenders of Zama kept the Romans at bay. Failing to take the city and failing to provoke the Numidian king into entering a set-piece battle, the Romans gave up on the siege and marched back to the Roman province of Africa.

Zama (Tunisia)
Zama, also known as Xama, is a town in Tunisia best known for its association with the Battle of Zama, in which Scipio Africanus defeated Hannibal on 19 October in 202 BC, ending the Second Punic War. The Battle of Zama was a victory for the Roman Republic and diminished the power of Ancient Carthage.
Daniel Sleator
Daniel Dominic Kaplan Sleator (born 10 December 1953) is a professor of computer science at Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, United States. In 1999, he won the ACM Paris Kanellakis Award (jointly with Robert Tarjan) for the splay tree data structure.

He was one of the pioneers in amortized analysis of algorithms, early examples of which were the analyses of the move-to-front heuristic, and splay trees. He invented many data structures with Robert Tarjan, such as splay trees, link/cut trees, and skew heaps.

The Sleator and Tarjan paper on the move-to-front heuristic first suggested the idea of comparing an online algorithm to an optimal offline algorithm, for which the term competitive analysis was later coined in a paper of Karlin, Manasse, Rudolph, and Sleator. Sleator also developed the theory of link grammars, and the Serioso music analyzer for analyzing meter and harmony in written music.

Data structure
In computer science, a data structure is a data organization and storage format that is usually chosen for efficient access to data. More precisely, a data structure is a collection of data values, the relationships among them, and the functions or operations that can be applied to the data, i.e., it is an algebraic structure about data.
Johnny Jordaan
Johnny Jordaan was the pseudonym for Johannes Hendricus van Musscher (7 February 1924 – 8 January 1989), a Dutch singer of popular music, in particular the genre known as levenslied, a Dutch variety of the French chanson. He was well known for his songs about the city of Amsterdam, especially the Jordaan district (the genre dedicated to the neighborhood is known as the Jordaanlied), which he sang in a typical "hiccuping Mokum vibrato", "Mokum" being the Hebrew-derived nickname for the Amsterdam inner city area. In the 1950s, Johnny Jordaan rose almost instantly to the level of national celebrity and became the "uncrowned king of the Jordaanlied", and his hit song "Geef mij maar Amsterdam" is one of the songs Amsterdammers identify with most.

Staatsliedenbuurt
The Staatsliedenbuurt (pronounced [ˈstaːtslidə(m)ˌbyːrt]; lit. 'Neighborhood of the Statesmen')
is a neighborhood in Amsterdam borough of West. It lies south of the Haarlemmertrekvaart canal and west of the Singelgracht canal route, which includes the local portions Kattensloot and Kostverlorenvaart.
Byrd Presbyterian Church
Byrd Presbyterian Church is a historic Presbyterian church located at Goochland in western Goochland County, Virginia on Dogtown Road.  The original building dates from 1838 and is still in active use today. It is a two-story, rectangular brick structure with a slate gable roof. The interior of the church measures 28 feet by 40 feet.  Also on the property is a contributing church cemetery with graves dating
back to at least the 1850s.

The original congregation began in 1748, and erected a dedicated building on Byrd Creek in 1759. Notable theologian Samuel Davies was one of the founding members.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.

Samuel Davies (clergyman)
Samuel Davies (November 3, 1723 – February 4, 1761) was an evangelist and Presbyterian minister. Davies ministered in Hanover County from 1748 to 1759, followed by a term as the fourth President of Princeton University, then known as the College of New Jersey, from 1759 to 1761. Davies was one of the first non-Anglican preachers in Virginia, and one of earliest missionaries to slaves in the Thirteen Colonies. He was a strong advocate for religious freedom, and helped to institute significant religious reforms in the colony. Davies was also a prolific writer, authoring several hymns and publishing a book of poetry. He advocated for providing religious education to slaves.
Theca externa
The theca externa is the outer layer of the theca folliculi. It is derived from connective tissue, the cells resembling fibroblasts, and contains  abundant collagen. During ovulation, the surge in luteinizing hormone increases cAMP which increases progesterone and PGF2α production. The PGF2α induces the contraction of the smooth muscle cells of the theca externa, increasing intrafollicular pressure. This aids in rupture of the mature oocyte, or immature oocyte at the germinal vesicle stage in the canine, along with plasmin and collagenase degradation of the follicle wall.

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP, cyclic AMP, or 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate) is a second messenger, or cellular signal occurring within cells, that is important in many biological processes. cAMP is a derivative of  adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and used for intracellular signal transduction in many different organisms, conveying the cAMP-dependent pathway.
Tapoli
The Tapoli or Tapori were an ancient Celtic tribe of Lusitania, akin to the Lusitanians, to whom they were a dependent tribe, living just north of the river Tagus, around the border area of modern-day Portugal and Spain.

Tagus
The Tagus (/ˈteɪɡəs/ TAY-gəs; Spanish: Tajo [ˈtaxo] ⓘ; Portuguese: Tejo [ˈtɛʒu]) is the longest river in the Iberian Peninsula. The river rises in the Montes Universales between Cuenca and Teruel, in mid-eastern Spain, flows 1,007 km (626 mi), generally westward, and empties into the Atlantic Ocean at Lisbon.
Apertura 2023 Liga MX final phase
The Apertura 2023 Liga MX final phase was played between 22 November and 17 December 2023. A total of ten teams competed in the final phase to decide the champions of the Apertura 2023 Liga MX season.

On 22 May 2023, a modification for the final phase was announced at the owners assembly in Toluca; reducing the clubs from twelve to ten. The number of clubs qualifying for the quarter-finals was increased from four to six while the teams qualifying for the reclassification was reduced from six to four. The four clubs qualified for the reclassification competed in the "play-in" round, a tournament modeled after the NBA play-in tournament.

América defeated UANL 3–0 on aggregate to win their fourteenth league title. As winners, América will face the Clasura 2024 champion in the 2024 Campeón de Campeones. Both finalists qualified for the 2025 CONCACAF Champions Cup.

Atlético San Luis
Club Atlético de San Luis is a Mexican professional football club based in San Luis Potosí. It competes in Liga MX, the top division of Mexican football, and plays its home matches at the Estadio Alfonso Lastras. Founded in 2013, after the dissolution of San Luis FC, but not as a direct successor. It competed in the second level division until 2019, when they won promotion to Liga MX.

The club earned promotion to top division, after automatically winning the Campeón de Ascenso 2019 as champions of both tournaments of the season (Apertura 2018 and Clausura 2019).
In March 2017, Spanish football club Atlético Madrid acquired a controlling stake in the team.
Whittier Mansion
Whittier Mansion is a historic building that has served as a private residence, the West Coast headquarters of the Nazi Party, and has been occupied by The California Historical Society. It is located at 2090 Jackson Street in the Pacific Heights neighborhood of San Francisco, California. The mansion is one of few buildings to survive the 1906 Earthquake, and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and is also a San Francisco Designated Landmark. It is purported to be haunted.

1906 San Francisco earthquake
The 1906 San Francisco earthquake was a major earthquake which struck the coast of Northern California at 05:12 am Pacific Standard Time on Wednesday, April 18, 1906. With an estimated moment magnitude of 7.9 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme), it created high-intensity shaking from Eureka on the North Coast to the Salinas Valley, an agricultural region to the south of the San Francisco Bay Area.

Extensive fires soon broke out in San Francisco and lasted for several days. More than 3,000 people died and over 80% of the city was destroyed. The event is remembered as the deadliest earthquake in the history of the United States. The death toll remains the greatest loss of life from a natural disaster in California's history and high on the list of worst American disasters, natural or man-made.
Nieuwpoort, Belgium
Nieuwpoort (/ˈnjuːpɔːrt/ NEW-port, Dutch: [ˈniupoːrt] ⓘ; West Flemish: Nieuwpôort; French: Nieuport [njøpɔʁ]) is a city and municipality located in Flanders, one of the three regions of Belgium, in the province of West Flanders. The municipality comprises the town of Nieuwpoort proper, as well as Ramskapelle and Sint-Joris. On 1 January 2008, Nieuwpoort had a total population of 11,062. Its land area is 31.00 km² which gives a population density of 350 inhabitants per km².

In Nieuwpoort, the Yser flows into the North Sea. It was also the home of a statue created by Jan Fabre called Searching for Utopia. The Stadshalle Grain Hall (market hall) with its belfry was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1999 as part of the Belfries of Belgium and France site, owing to its historical civic (not religious) importance and its architecture.

Municipalities of Belgium
Belgium comprises 565 municipalities (Dutch: gemeenten; French: communes; German: Gemeinden), 285 of them grouped into five provinces in Flanders and 261 others in five provinces in Wallonia, while the remaining 19 are in the Brussels Capital Region, which is not divided in provinces. In most cases, the municipalities are the smallest administrative subdivisions of Belgium, but in municipalities with more than 100,000 inhabitants, on the initiative of the local council, sub-municipal administrative entities with elected councils may be created. As such, only Antwerp, having over 500,000 inhabitants, became subdivided into ten districts (Dutch: districten).

The Belgian arrondissements (Dutch: arrondissementen; French: arrondissements; German: Bezirke), an administrative level between province (or the capital region) and municipality, or the lowest judicial level, are in English sometimes called districts as well.
Archie McMinn
Archibald Forbes McMinn (14 August 1880 – 23 April 1919) was a New Zealand rugby union player. A loose forward, McMinn represented Wairarapa and Manawatu at a provincial level, and was a member of the New Zealand national side, the All Blacks, from 1903 to 1905. He played 10 matches for the All Blacks including two internationals. His father was Irish journalist Alexander McMinn, who founded the Manawatu Evening Standard newspaper in 1880.

Manawatū Standard
The Manawatū Standard (formerly the Evening Standard) is the daily paper for the Manawatū region based in Palmerston North. The Manawatū Standard has been recognised as one of the best in New Zealand being a finalist in the 2008 Qantas Media Award (renamed to Voyager Media Awards after Voyager Internet Ltd stepped in as naming sponsor for the 2018 awards) for best regional daily newspaper; it won the same category in 2007. It also won Best Headline and Student Journalist of the Year at the Qantas Media Awards 2017.