hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alfred Sheinwold
Alfred (Freddy) Sheinwold (January 26, 1912 – March 8, 1997) was an American bridge player, administrator, international team captain, and prolific writer. He and Edgar Kaplan developed the Kaplan–Sheinwold bidding system. Among other administrative assignments that he accepted, Sheinwold chaired the American Contract Bridge League (ACBL) National Laws Commission from 1964 to 1975, and the ACBL Appeals Committee from 1966 to 1970. He was an editor of The Bridge World monthly magazine from 1934 to 1963 and was the editor of the monthly ACBL members' Bridge Bulletin from 1952 to 1958.

Upon his death early in 1997, the New York Times bridge columnist Alan Truscott called Sheinwold "the Grand Old Man of Bridge" and observed that he was the last of "the founders of contract bridge".

American Contract Bridge League
The American Contract Bridge League (ACBL) is a governing body for contract bridge in the United States, Canada, Mexico, and Bermuda. It is the largest such organization in North America having the stated mission "to promote, grow and sustain the game of bridge and serve the bridge-related interests of our Members." Its major activities are:

sanctioning games at local bridge clubs and regional events

certifying bridge teachers and club directors

conducting the North American Bridge Championships (NABC)

providing education materials and services

administering the ACBL masterpoints system for tracking player performance

providing oversight for ethical behavior and play

representing the interests of its members with the World Bridge Federation.

As of 2025, it had more than 130,000 members.
National Route 32 (Costa Rica)
National Primary Route 32, or just Route 32 (Spanish: Ruta Nacional Primaria 32, or Ruta 32) is a National Road Route of Costa Rica, located in the San José, Heredia, Limón provinces. It connects the central valley and Greater Metropolitan Area to the Caribbean coast of the country.

San José Province
San José (Spanish pronunciation: [saŋ xoˈse]) is a province of Costa Rica. It is located in the central part of the country, and borders (clockwise beginning in the north) the provinces of Alajuela, Heredia, Limón, Cartago and Puntarenas. The provincial and national capital is San José. The province covers an area of 4,965.9 km². and has a population of 1,404,242.
Michael Thomas Sadler
Michael Thomas Sadler (3 January 1780 – 29 July 1835) was a British Tory Member of Parliament (MP) whose Evangelical Anglicanism and prior experience as a Poor Law administrator in Leeds led him to oppose Malthusian theories of population and their use to decry state provision for the poor.

Newark (UK Parliament constituency)
Newark is a constituency in Nottinghamshire, England.  It is represented by Robert Jenrick, of Reform UK   who won the seat as a Conservative in a by-election on 5 June 2014, following the resignation of Patrick Mercer in April 2014. He defected to Reform UK in January 2026.
Bernard Butler (politician)
Bernard Butler (1 September 1886 – 13 March 1959) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician and school teacher. He spoke four languages specifically Irish, English, French and German. He lived in Terenure, with his wife Peggy. He was elected to Dáil Éireann as a Fianna Fáil Teachta Dála (TD) for the Dublin Townships constituency at the 1943 general election.

He was re-elected at every subsequent general election up to 1957. He died in office in 1959 during the 16th Dáil, a by-election was held on 22 July 1959 which was won by Richie Ryan of Fine Gael. He served as Lord Mayor of Dublin from 1953 to 1954. He also served as governor of the Royal Irish Academy of Music.

1943 Irish general election
The 1943 Irish general election to the 11th Dáil was held on Wednesday, 23 June, having been called on 31 May by proclamation of President Douglas Hyde on the advice of Taoiseach Éamon de Valera. It took place in 34 parliamentary constituencies for 138 seats in Dáil Éireann, the house of representatives of the Oireachtas. Fianna Fáil lost its overall majority of seats. The outgoing 10th Dáil was dissolved on 26 June, although it had not met after 26 May.

The 11th Dáil met at Leinster House on 1 July to nominate the Taoiseach for appointment by the president and to approve the appointment of a new government of Ireland on the nomination of the Taoiseach. Outgoing Taoiseach Éamon de Valera was re-appointed leading a single-party Fianna Fáil government.
2,4-Dichlorobenzyl alcohol
2,4-Dichlorobenzyl alcohol is a mild antiseptic, able to kill bacteria and viruses associated with mouth and throat infections.  It is a common ingredient in throat lozenges such as Cofsils, Strepsils, Lorsept, and Gorpils. It is also an ingredient in the European product Neo Borocillina. A low-pH throat lozenge containing dichlorobenzyl alcohol (1.2 mg) and amylmetacresol (0.6 mg) has been found to deactivate respiratory syncytial virus and SARS-Cov, but not adenovirus or rhinovirus. A dentifrice containing 10% sodium benzoate and 0.3% dichlorobenzyl alcohol maintains antimicrobial activity for 5 to 10 minutes after brushing.

Adenoviridae
Adenoviruses (members of the family Adenoviridae) are medium-sized (90–100 nm), nonenveloped (without an outer lipid bilayer) viruses with an icosahedral nucleocapsid containing a double-stranded DNA genome. Their name derives from their initial isolation from human adenoids in 1953.

They have a broad range of vertebrate hosts; in humans, more than 50 distinct adenoviral serotypes have been found to cause a wide range of illnesses, from mild respiratory infections in young children (the common cold) to life-threatening multi-organ disease in people with a weakened immune system.
Türkay
Türkay (pronounced [ˈtyɾkaj]) is a Turkish name and surname. Notable people with the surname include:

İnci Türkay (born 1972), Turkish actress

Osman Türkay (1927–2001), Turkish Cypriot poet

Tuvana Türkay (born 1990), Turkish actress

Turkish name
A Turkish name consists of an ad or an isim (given name; plural adlar and isimler) and a soyadı or soyisim (surname). Turkish names exist in a "full name" format. While there is only one soyadı (surname) in the full name there may be more than one ad (given name). Married women may carry both their maiden and husband's surnames. The soyadı is written as the last element of the full name, after all given names (except that official documents related to registration matters often use the format "Soyadı, Adı").
BBC Player
BBC Player is an authenticated multi-genre subscription video on demand service operated by BBC Studios (formerly BBC Worldwide) for the International market. It is available online and as an app.

The service debuted in Singapore in summer 2016 to StarHub subscribers, in Malaysia in March 2017 with Telekom Malaysia, in Poland in June 2022 with Canal+, and most recently in Taiwan in August 2023 with Taiwan Mobile myVideo.

BBC Player offers curated content from BBC global brands – BBC Earth, BBC First, BBC Lifestyle, CBeebies and BBC World News. Although not available to watch on linear TV in Asia,  BBC Brit is available to watch on BBC Player.

The most popular British programmes are available through the service, including Top Gear, Doctor Who, The Great British Bake Off and Sherlock.

Telekom Malaysia
Telekom Malaysia Berhad or simply TM is a Malaysian telecommunications company that was founded in 1984. Beginning as the national telecommunications company for fixed line, radio, and television broadcasting services, it has evolved to become the country's largest provider of broadband services, data, fixed line, pay television, and network services. TM ventured into the LTE space with the launch of TMgo, its 4G offering. TM's 850 MHz service was rebranded as unifi Mobile in January 2018.

TM represents one of the largest government-linked companies in the country, with more than 28,000 employees and a market capitalisation of more than RM25 billion.
HMS Foam
Five ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Foam, a figurative term for the sea:

HMS Foam (1856), a wooden Albacore-class gunboat launched in 1856 and sold for breaking in 1867.

HMS Foam (1871), a composite Ariel-class gunboat launched in 1871 and sold for breaking in 1887.

HMS Foam (1896), a Thornycroft two funnel, 30-knot destroyer (classified as a D-class destroyer in 1912) launched in 1896 and sold for breaking in 1914.

HMS Foam (1919), an Admiralty steel drifter, launched in 1919, sold in 1921, and renamed Starwort.

HMS Foam (1943), J405 a Lend-Lease Catherine-class minesweeper launched in 1943 and returned to the US Navy in 1946.

See also

HMS Northern Foam a 655-ton trawler hired in 1939 and returned to her owners in 1945.

John I. Thornycroft & Company
50°53′43.44″N 1°22′56.76″W﻿ / ﻿50.8954000°N 1.3824333°W﻿ / 50.8954000; -1.3824333

John I. Thornycroft & Company Limited, usually known simply as Thornycroft, was a British shipbuilding firm founded by John Isaac Thornycroft in Chiswick in 1866. It moved to Woolston, Southampton, in 1908, merging in 1966 with Vosper & Company to form one organisation called Vosper Thornycroft. From 2002 to 2010 the company acquired several international and US-based defence and services companies, and changed name to the VT Group. In 2008 VT's UK shipbuilding and support operations were merged with those of BAE Systems to create BVT Surface Fleet.  In 2010 remaining parts of the company were absorbed by Babcock International who retained the UK and international operations, but sold the US based operations to the American Jordan Company, who took the name VT Group.
Homomorphism density
In the mathematical field of extremal graph theory, homomorphism density with respect to a graph  is a parameter  that is associated to each graph  in the following manner:

.

Above,  is the set of graph homomorphisms, or adjacency preserving maps, from  to . Density can also be interpreted as the probability that a map from the vertices of  to the vertices of  chosen uniformly at random is a graph homomorphism. There is a connection between homomorphism densities and subgraph densities, which is elaborated on below.

Graph homomorphism
In the mathematical field of graph theory, a graph homomorphism is a mapping between two graphs that respects their structure. More concretely, it is a function between the vertex sets of two graphs that maps adjacent vertices to adjacent vertices.

Homomorphisms generalize various notions of graph colorings and allow the expression of an important class of constraint satisfaction problems, such as certain scheduling or frequency assignment problems.
The fact that homomorphisms can be composed leads to rich algebraic structures: a preorder on graphs, a distributive lattice, and a category (one for undirected graphs and one for directed graphs).
The computational complexity of finding a homomorphism between given graphs is prohibitive in general, but a lot is known about special cases that are solvable in polynomial time. Boundaries between tractable and intractable cases have been an active area of research.
Kyenele language
Kyenele a.k.a. Miyak is a Yuat language of Papua New Guinea.

Versions of its name include Keñele, Keyele, Kenying, Bulang, Kenen Birang, Kyenying-Barang.

It is spoken in Giling (Girin) (4°36′10″S 143°50′40″E﻿ / ﻿4.602663°S 143.844495°E﻿ / -4.602663; 143.844495﻿ (Girin)), a village located on the banks of the Yuat River in Yuat Rural LLG, East Sepik Province.

East Sepik Province
East Sepik is a province in Papua New Guinea. Its capital is Wewak. East Sepik has an estimated population of 450,530 people (2011 census) and is 43,426 km square in size. Its density is 10.4 people per square kilometer.
HMS Donegal
Three ships of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Donegal, after the failed French attempt to land in County Donegal in 1798:

HMS Donegal (1798) was a 76-gun third rate, previously the French ship Hoche.  She was captured in 1798 and commissioned into the Navy as HMS Donegal.  She was broken up in 1845.

HMS Donegal (1858) was a 101-gun first rate Conqueror-class ship of the line launched in 1858. She became part of the torpedo and mining school ship HMS Vernon in 1886 and was sold in 1925.

HMS Donegal (1902) was a Monmouth-class armoured cruiser launched in 1902.  She served in the First World War and was sold for scrap in 1920.

His Majesty's Ship
His (or Her) Majesty's Ship, abbreviated HMS and H.M.S., is the ship prefix used for ships of the navy in some monarchies. Derivative terms such as HMAS and equivalents in other languages such as SMS are used.
David Sabine
David John Sabine (born 6 June 1966) is a New Zealand born former English cricketer. Sabine played as a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Papakura near Auckland.

Sabine made a single first-class cricket appearance for Kent County Cricket Club against the touring West Indians at the St Lawrence Ground in 1988. In the same season he made a single List A appearance against Sussex at Mote Park in the Refuge Assurance League. These were his only senior appearances for Kent, although he played Second XI cricket for the county between 1984 and 1989.

St Lawrence Ground
The St Lawrence Ground is a cricket ground in Canterbury, Kent. It is the home ground of Kent County Cricket Club and since 2013 has been known as The Spitfire Ground, St Lawrence, due to commercial sponsorship. It is one of the oldest grounds on which first-class cricket is played, having been in use since 1847, and is the venue for Canterbury Cricket Week, the oldest cricket festival in the world. It is one of the two grounds used regularly for first-class cricket that have had a tree, the St Lawrence Lime, within the boundary.

Capacity at the ground was increased to 15,000 in 2000, and four One Day International matches have been played there, one each in 1999 (part of the 1999 Cricket World Cup), 2000, 2003 and 2005. The ground was the venue for the first day/night County Championship match, played as a trial in September 2011.
Povestea cu măr moramăr și păsărica a ciută
Povestea cu măr moramăr și păsărica a ciută (English: "The tale of the moramar apples and the little bird") is a Romanian fairy tale published as part of the collection Povești nemuritoare .

The tale contains similarities to two types in the international Aarne-Thompson-Uther Index: ATU 550, "Bird, Horse and Princess", and ATU 551, "The Water of Life".

Aarne–Thompson–Uther Index
The Aarne–Thompson–Uther Index (ATU Index) is a catalogue of folktale types used in folklore studies. The ATU index is the product of a series of revisions and expansions by an international group of scholars: Originally published in German by Finnish folklorist Antti Aarne (1910), the index was translated into English, revised, and expanded by American folklorist Stith Thompson (1928, 1961), and later further revised and expanded by German folklorist Hans-Jörg Uther (2004). The ATU index is an essential tool for folklorists, used along with the Thompson (1932) Motif-Index of Folk-Literature.
Missouri College
Missouri College was a for-profit college in St. Louis County, Missouri.  Founded in 1963, the school was accredited by the Accrediting Council for Independent Colleges and Schools. Missouri College offered bachelor's degrees in Healthcare Management and specialized associate degrees in Business Administration, Dental Hygiene, Allied Health, and Occupational Therapy Assisting. Massage Therapy was one of the several diploma programs offered in the college catalog.

Missouri College was a subsidiary of Weston Educational Inc.

For-profit higher education in the United States
For-profit higher education in the United States refers to the commercialization and privatization of American higher education institutions. For-profit colleges have been the most recognizable for-profit institutions, and more recently with online program managers, but commercialization has been part of US higher education for centuries. Privatization of public institutions has been increasing since at least the 1980s.
Q Hayashida
Q Hayashida (林田 球, Hayashida Kyū; born 1977) is the pen name of a Japanese manga artist. She is best known for her series Dorohedoro, which was formerly serialized in Monthly Ikki, but moved to Hibana after Ikki ceased publication, and later moved to Monthly Shōnen Sunday after Hibana ceased publication. It was formerly serialized in English on Viz Media's SigIKKI site.

Throughout her artwork, Hayashida uses a variety of artistic tools and media, including paint and textiles. She is known for her attention to detail and technical skill, as well as balancing horror and comedy in her stories.

Viz Media
Viz Media, LLC is an American entertainment company, focused on publishing manga, and distributing and licensing Japanese anime, films, and television series.

The company was founded in 1986 as Viz, LLC. In 2005, Viz and ShoPro Entertainment merged to form the current Viz Media, which is owned by Japanese publishing conglomerates Shueisha and Shogakukan, as well as Japanese production company Shogakukan-Shueisha Productions (ShoPro). In 2017, Viz Media was the largest publisher of graphic novels in the United States in the bookstore market, with a 23% share of the market.
Hana Mareghni
Hana Mareghni (sometimes spelled Marghani or Mergheni; born 4 May 1989 in Tunis) is a Tunisian judoka. She competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in the -78 kg event and lost her match to Mayra Aguiar.

At the 2011 All-Africa Games, Hana won a gold medal.

Judo at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's 78 kg
The women's 78 kg category in judo at the 2012 Olympic Games in London took place between 28 July and 2 August at the ExCeL Exhibition Centre.

The gold and silver medals were determined by a single-elimination tournament, with the winner of the final taking gold and the loser receiving silver. Judo events awarded two bronze medals. Quarter-final losers competed in a repechage match for the right to face a semi-final loser for a bronze medal (that is, the judokas defeated in quarter-finals 'A' and 'B' competed against each other, with the winner of that match facing the semi-final loser from the other half of the bracket).

Kayla Harrison, representing the United States, won the gold medal, defeating Great Britain's Gemma Gibbons in the final; Gibbons was awarded the silver medal.
Daniel Webster Wallace Unit
The Daniel Webster Wallace Unit is a state prison for men located near Colorado City in Mitchell County, Texas, owned and operated by the Texas Department of Criminal Justice.  This facility was opened in May 1994, and holds a maximum of 1428 male prisoners, held at security levels G1, G2 and G4.

The facility is adjacent to the state's Dick Ware Transfer Facility.

Texas Department of Criminal Justice
The Texas Department of Criminal Justice (TDCJ) is a department of the government of the U.S. state of Texas. The TDCJ is responsible for statewide criminal justice for adult offenders, including managing offenders in state prisons, state jails, and private correctional facilities, funding and certain oversight of community supervision, and supervision of offenders released from prison on parole or mandatory supervision. The TDCJ operates the largest prison system in the United States.

The department has its headquarters in the Brad Livingston Administrative Headquarters in Huntsville and offices at the Price Daniel Sr. Building in downtown Austin.
Frederick Chatfield Smith
Frederic Chatfield Smith (11 June 1823 – 20 April 1905) was head of Smith's Bank in Nottingham and a British Conservative Party politician.

Smith was the son of Samuel George Smith (1789-1863), of Goldings, Hertfordshire and his wife Eugenia Chatfield (1803-1838).

Smith entered the House of Commons as Member of Parliament (MP) for Nottinghamshire North when he was elected unopposed at the 1868 general election.  He was re-elected unopposed in 1874, and stood down at the 1880.

Frederic Chatfield Smith bought "Bramcote Hall" in Bramcote (Nottinghamshire) from Mr. Wilmot as home for his family and enlarged it considerably. Built in the early part of the nineteenth century, it was demolished in 1966.

Bramcote
Bramcote (/ˈbræmkoʊt/, locally /ˈbræmkət/) is a suburban village and former civil parish in the Broxtowe district of Nottinghamshire, England, between Stapleford and Beeston. It is in the parliamentary constituency of Broxtowe. The main Nottingham–Derby road today is the A52, Brian Clough Way. Nearby are Beeston, Wollaton, Chilwell and Stapleford. One of the main roads between Nottingham and Derby used to pass through the village centre, entering a cutting that formed a blind bend. A country house to the north of the village became publicly owned and was demolished in 1968. Its grounds became a public area of park and hillside, now known as Bramcote Hills Park.
Arthur Hoare (cricketer, born 1840)
Arthur Hoare (16 September 1840 – 26 December 1896) was an English amateur cricketer. Hoare was a right-handed batsman,  who played in first-class cricket matches for both Sussex County Cricket Club and Kent County Cricket Club. He played in a number of minor matches for teams such as Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) between 1863 and 1883.

Hoare was born at Withyham in Sussex in 1840. He made his first-class debut for Sussex against Kent in 1869 at Tunbridge Wells before going on to play for Kent in 1871 against WG Grace's XI at Maidstone. He made his final first-class appearance cricket for Sussex against Yorkshire in 1873 at Sheffield.

He died at Edenbridge in Kent in December 1896, aged 56.

Edenbridge, Kent
Edenbridge is a town and civil parish in the Sevenoaks district of Kent, England. Its name derives from Old English Eadhelmsbrigge (meaning "Eadhelm's Bridge"). It is located on the border of Kent and Surrey, on the upper floodplain of the River Medway and takes its name from that river's tributary, the River Eden. The town had a population of 7,808 in 2011.
Seynesiopeltis
Seynesiopeltis is a genus of fungi in the Microthyriaceae family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Seynesiopeltis tetraplasandrae F. Stevens & R.W. Ryan (1925).

The genus was circumscribed by Frank Lincoln Stevens and Ruth Winifred Ryan in Bernice P. Bishop Mus. Bull. vol.19 on page 69 in 1925.

The genus name of Seynesiopeltis is in honour of Jules de Seynes (1833–1912), who was a French physician, botanist and mycologist, and Professor of Natural history at the Medical faculty within the University of Paris. He previously also was at the University of Montpellier.

University of Montpellier
The University of Montpellier (French: Université de Montpellier; Occitan: Universitat de Montpelhièr) is a public research university located in Montpellier, in south-east of France. Established in 1220, the University of Montpellier is one of the oldest universities in the world.

The university was split into three universities (the University of Montpellier 1, the University of Montpellier 2 and the Paul Valéry University Montpellier 3) for 45 years from 1970 until 2015 when it was subsequently reunified by the merger of the two former, with the latter, now named Paul Valéry University, Montpellier III, remaining a separate entity.
Saint Mary's College, Mauritius
The Saint Mary's college  is a Catholic, private secondary school for boys in Mauritius based in Rose-Hill. The college is known for diversity of its students enrollment, students who performed well at the CPE exam. Another campus was built lately named Saint Mary's West.

Higher School Certificate (Mauritius)
The Higher School Certificate is an academic qualification in Mauritius awarded upon the completion of Grade 13, the final stage of secondary school. The qualification is awarded upon earning passing marks on the A-level exams administered by the Mauritius Examinations Syndicate, in conjunction with the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate of the Cambridge International Examinations board.