hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Arts of the Arab Spring
Artistic expression played a pivotal role during and following the 2011 uprisings commonly known as the Arab Spring, also known as the First Arab Spring. Common mediums included cartoons, street art (graffiti/murals), and music. Many artworks centered around themes such as governmental corruption, police violence, political Islam, censorship, workers’ rights, and authoritarianism, among others. These works were often met with governmental suppression and violence.

Cartoon
A cartoon is a type of visual art that is typically drawn, frequently animated, in an unrealistic or semi-realistic style. The specific meaning has evolved, but the modern usage usually refers to either: an image or series of images intended for satire, caricature, or humor; or a motion picture that relies on a sequence of illustrations for its animation. Someone who creates cartoons in the first sense is called a cartoonist, and in the second sense they are usually called an animator.

The concept originated in the Middle Ages, and first described a preparatory drawing for a piece of art, such as a painting, fresco, tapestry, or stained glass window. In the 19th century, beginning in Punch magazine in 1843, cartoon came to refer – ironically at first – to humorous artworks in magazines and newspapers. Then it also was used for political cartoons and comic strips. When the medium developed, in the early 20th century, it began to refer to animated films that resembled print cartoons.
Tom Tomorrow
Dan Perkins (born April 5, 1961), better known by his pen name Tom Tomorrow, is an American editorial cartoonist. His weekly comic strip, This Modern World, which comments on current events, appears regularly in more than 80 newspapers across the United States and Canada as of 2015, as well as in The Nation, The Nib, Truthout, and the Daily Kos, where he was the former comics curator and now is a regular contributor. His work has appeared in The New York Times, The New Yorker, Spin, Mother Jones, Esquire, The Economist, Salon, The American Prospect, CREDO Action, and AlterNet.

Truthout
Truthout is an American non-profit news organization which describes itself as "dedicated to providing independent reporting and commentary on a diverse range of social justice issues." Truthout reports news from a left-wing perspective, with its main areas of focus including mass incarceration, prison abolition advocacy, social justice, climate change, militarism, economics, open borders, U.S. LGBTQ+ rights, and reproductive justice.

Truthout's senior leadership team comprises the executive director, Ziggy West Jeffery, and the editor-in-chief, Negin Owliae. The organization's annual operating budget is approximately $2.2 million as of 2021.
Outstar
Outstar is an output from the neurodes of the hidden layer of the neural network architecture which works as an input for output layer. Neurode of hidden layer provides input to neurode of the output layer.

Nowa Ruda, Lower Silesian Voivodeship
Nowa Ruda [ˈnɔva ˈruda] (Czech: Nová Ruda, German: Neurode) is a town in south-western Poland near the Czech border, lying on the Włodzica river in the central Sudetes mountain range. As of 2019 it had 22,067 inhabitants. The town is located in Kłodzko County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship. It is the seat of the rural district of Gmina Nowa Ruda, but is not part of its territory (the town is a separate urban gmina in its own right).
Cannabis in Nova Scotia
Cannabis has been legal in Nova Scotia and the entire country of Canada since October 17, 2018, the effective date of the Cannabis Act. Each province and territory set its own laws for various aspects, such as the legal age, whether householders can grow cannabis and the method of retail sales. Cannabis has been legal in Canada for medicinal purposes since 2001 under conditions outlined in the Marihuana for Medical Purposes Regulations, later superseded by the Access to Cannabis for Medical Purposes Regulations, issued by Health Canada and seed, grain, and fibre production was permitted under licence by Health Canada.

Cannabis Act (Canada)
The Cannabis Act (French: Loi sur le cannabis, also known as Bill C-45) is a law which legalized recreational cannabis use in Canada in combination with its companion legislation Bill C-46, An Act to Amend the Criminal Code. The law is a milestone in the legal history of cannabis in Canada, alongside the 1923 prohibition.

The bill was passed by the House of Commons in late November 2017, and in the Senate on June 7, 2018, and the House accepted some Senate amendments and sent the bill back to the Senate on June 18. The Senate then passed the final version of the bill on June 19, and it received Royal Assent on June 21. Canada is the second country in the world to legalize recreational cannabis nationwide after Uruguay.
Jo Kiesanowski
Joanne Marie Kiesanowski (born 24 May 1979)  is a New Zealand former professional cyclist, who won the silver medal in the women's scratch race at the 2010 Commonwealth Games.  She is married to Jeff Pierce, a former professional cyclist.

The 2012 Summer Olympics was Kiesanowski's third Olympics, having already competed in the women's road race at the 2004 and 2008 Olympics.

Scratch race
A scratch race is a track cycling race in which all riders start together and the objective is simply to be first over the finish line after a certain number of laps.

UCI regulations specify that a scratch race should be held over 15 km for Elite Men and 10 km for Elite Women. Shorter distances of 10 km for men and 7.5 km for women may be used for qualifying rounds. Racers line up along the inner sprinter's rail and along the outer railing. The riders take a neutralised lap before the starting pistol is fired for the official start. A lapped rider must leave the race once they are overtaken by the peloton.  There are no intermediate points or sprints. One tactic is for a rider, or more often a group of riders, to break away and attempt to gain a lap on the rest of the field. The peloton cannot be lapped; but that rider or those riders cannot be beaten by anyone in the peloton.

The format favors endurance sprinters.
Xinerama
Xinerama is an extension to the X Window System that enables X applications and window managers to use two or more physical displays as one large virtual display.

Developed under the name PanoramiX by Madeline T. Asmus of the Digital Equipment Corporation's Unix X Server Engineering Group, the software was contributed to The Open Group for X11 Release 6.4 (X11R6.4) and renamed Xinerama. It was then incorporated into the XFree86 4.0 release in 1998 and the Solaris 7 11/99 release. According to X Server project lead Rob Lembree, the name was inspired by the Cinerama widescreen theatre process. "We were frustrated by having big Alpha machines with multiple displays, and being unable to move applications from one to another.  It was developed as much out of frustration as out of competitive advantage."
Xinerama advantages include the ability to only maximize windows to the dimensions of the active physical display, and to allow new pop-up windows on the active physical display.

The Open Group
The Open Group is a global consortium that seeks to "enable the achievement of business objectives" by developing "open, vendor-neutral technology standards and certifications." It has 900+ member organizations and provides a number of services, including strategy, management, innovation and research, standards, certification, and test development. It was established in 1996 when X/Open merged with the Open Software Foundation.

The Open Group is the certifying body for the UNIX trademark, and publishes the Single UNIX Specification technical standard, which extends the POSIX standards. The Open Group also develops and manages the TOGAF standard, which is an industry standard enterprise architecture framework.
Heisenberg model
Heisenberg model can refer to two models in statistical mechanics:

Heisenberg model (classical), a classical nearest neighbour spin model

Heisenberg model (quantum), a model where the spins are treated quantum mechanically using Pauli matrices

Quantum Heisenberg model
The quantum Heisenberg model, developed by Werner Heisenberg, is a statistical mechanical model used in the study of critical points and phase transitions of magnetic systems, in which the spins of the magnetic systems are treated quantum mechanically. It is related to the prototypical Ising model, where at each site of a lattice, a spin  represents a microscopic magnetic dipole to which the magnetic moment is either up or down. Except the coupling between magnetic dipole moments, there is also a multipolar version of Heisenberg model called the multipolar exchange interaction.
UiPath
UiPath Inc. is a global software company that develops artificial intelligence (AI) and agentic automation and orchestration software. The company's software enables the building and orchestration of AI agents to automate complex processes and workflows.

Founded in 2005 in Bucharest, Romania, by Daniel Dines and Marius Tîrcă, the company is headquartered in NY City. The company became public on April 21, 2021, which at the time was reportedly one of the largest US software IPOs in history.

Orchestration (computing)
In system administration, orchestration is the  automated configuration, coordination,  deployment,  development, and management of computer systems and software. Many tools exist to automate server configuration and management.
G. Nageswara Reddy
G. Nageswara Reddy (Telugu: జి.నాగేశ్వర రెడ్ది) is an Indian film director, known for his works in Telugu cinema. He worked as an assistant director to S. V. Krishna Reddy, for several films like Rajendrudu Gajendrudu, Mayalodu, Yamaleela, Subhalagnam, Number One, Ghatotkachudu, Vajram and Maavichiguru.

Subhalagnam
Subhalagnam (transl. Auspicious period) is a 1994 Indian Telugu-language film co-written, directed, and scored by S. V. Krishna Reddy. It stars Jagapathi Babu, Aamani, and Roja. The film was produced by K. Venkateswara Rao under the Sri Priyanka Pictures banner and presented by C. Aswani Dutt. The plot follows a greedy woman who makes a financial deal to let another woman marry her husband.

Released on 30 September 1994, the film was a box office success. It received three Nandi Awards, inducing the Best Feature Film in addition to two Filmfare Awards. The film was remade in Tamil as Irattai Roja (1996), in Hindi as Judaai (1997), in Kannada as Ganga Yamuna (1997) and in Malayalam as Sundara Purushan (2001).
Sigrid Augusta Green
Sigrid Augusta Green (3 December 1920 – 12 October 2012) gathered intelligence in preparation for the sabotage of the Telemark plant during the Second World War. She worked for the Norwegian Resistance and then as a code breaker at Bletchley Park.

Norwegian resistance movement
The Norwegian resistance (Norwegian: Motstandsbevegelsen) to the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany began after Operation Weserübung in 1940 and ended in 1945. It took several forms:

Asserting the legitimacy of the exiled government, and by implication the lack of legitimacy of Vidkun Quisling's pro-Nazi regime and Josef Terboven's military administration

The initial defence in Southern Norway, which was largely disorganised, but succeeded in allowing the government to escape capture

The more organised military defence and counter-attacks in parts of Western and Northern Norway, aimed at securing strategic positions and the evacuation of the government

Armed resistance, in the form of sabotage, commando raids, assassinations and other special operations during the occupation

Civil disobedience and unarmed resistance
Dream Dolphin
Dream Dolphin (stylized in all caps) is a solo music project of Japanese model and ambient music and acid trance musician Noriko Kodera (小寺法子), who is also known as Noriko Okamoto (岡本法子). She was born on June 27, 1979 in Tokyo, Japan.

Dream Dolphin's career began in 1995, before going on hiatus in 2003. She was a prolific artist during her career, releasing over 20 albums during that time, beginning with the album Love Eating Alien. She released her latest album Modern Blue Ambient in 2003. She worked with the artist Yoshiaki Ochi during his live performances.

She came to renewed attention in the 2020s, following the release of the 2021 Heisei no Oto compilation on Music from Memory. Music from Memory later released a compilation of Dream Dolphin's music on Gaia: Selected Ambient & Downtempo Works. In August 2024, she announced a live performance in Tokyo, Japan, where her latest single "The Roads" (2024) was performed for the first time.

Yoshiaki Ochi
Yoshiaki Ochi (越智義朗, Ochi Yoshiaki) (born 1955) is a Japanese composer and percussionist.  He frequently works with natural sounds, using water, wood, or stone as musical instruments.

He has performed with his brother Yoshihisa Ochi (越智義久) as the Ochi Brothers, as well as with the American microtonal bassoonist Johnny Reinhard.  He is a member of the Japan Composer's Association (JACOMPA) and has recorded a number of CDs.
Pulgar (surname)
Pulgar is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ángel Pulgar (born 1989), Venezuelan track cyclist

Edward Pulgar (born 1974), Venezuelan violinist and conductor

Erick Pulgar (born 1994), Chilean footballer

Hernando del Pulgar (1436 – c. 1492), Castilian royal secretary

Mónica Pulgar (born 1971), Spanish basketball player

Hernando del Pulgar
Hernando del Pulgar (1436 – c. 1492), also spelled as Fernando de Pulgar, was a Castilian royal secretary, historian, and writer. He first served in the administration of Enrique IV of Castile and later was appointed by Isabel I to serve as her royal chronicler. His best known work, Claros varones de Castilia, presents a series of biographical sketches of some of the most important nobles and prelates of the era.
Quis custodiet ipsos custodes?
Quis custodiet ipsos custodes? is a Latin phrase found in the Satires (Satire VI, lines 347–348), a work of the 1st–2nd century Roman poet Juvenal. It may be translated as "Who will guard the guards themselves?" or "Who will watch the watchmen?".

The original context deals with the problem of ensuring marital fidelity, though the phrase is now commonly used more generally to refer to the problem of controlling the actions of persons in positions of power, an issue discussed by Plato in the Republic. It is not clear whether the phrase was written by Juvenal, or whether the passage in which it appears was interpolated into his works.

Infidelity
Infidelity (synonyms include cheating, having an affair, adultery, being unfaithful, non-consensual non-monogamy, straying or two-timing) is a violation of a couple's emotional or sexual exclusivity that commonly results in feelings of anger, sexual jealousy, and rivalry.

What constitutes infidelity depends on expectations within the relationship. In marital relationships, exclusivity is commonly assumed. Infidelity can cause psychological damage, including feelings of rage and betrayal, depression, low sexual and personal confidence, and even post-traumatic stress disorder. People of both sexes can experience social consequences if their act of infidelity becomes public, but the form and extent of these consequences can depend on the gender of the unfaithful person.
Daniel Starr
Daniel P. Starr (September 9, 1934 – September 11, 2024) was an American college athletics administrator. Starr served as director of athletics at Canisius College from 1974 to 2000. Starr also served as a history professor at Canisius. During his 26-year career as athletic director at Canisius, Starr oversaw the creation of the Golden Griffins' women's athletic teams, as well as the building of the Demske Sports Complex on campus in 1989. In 1992, Starr hired John Beilein from NCAA Division II Le Moyne College to coach the Canisius Golden Griffins men's basketball team. Beilein led the Golden Griffins to a Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference championship in 1996, and an appearance in the 1996 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament, the first NCAA basketball tournament appearance for Canisius since 1957. Starr was elected to the Canisius College Sports Hall of Fame in 2000 and the Greater Buffalo Sports Hall of Fame in 2010. Starr died on September 11, 2024, at the age of 90.

Canisius Golden Griffins men's basketball
For information on all Canisius University sports, see Canisius Golden Griffins

The Canisius Golden Griffins men's basketball team, or the Griffs, represent Canisius University in Buffalo, New York, United States. Canisius is a member of the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference and play their home games at Koessler Center. Canisius has appeared in the NCAA tournament four times, most recently in 1996. In 1955 and 1956, the Golden Griffins appeared in the NCAA tournament Elite Eight.
Clara Vázquez
Clara Vázquez (born 27 April 1961) is a Puerto Rican softball player. She competed in the women's tournament at the 1996 Summer Olympics. As well as competing at the Olympics, Vázquez was part of Puerto Rico's team that won silver medals at the 1987 Pan American Games and the 1995 Pan American Games. In 2003, she was inducted into the World Baseball Softball Confederation's hall of fame.

1995 Pan American Games
The 1995 Pan American Games, officially known as the XII Pan American Games (Spanish: XII Juegos Panamericanos) and commonly known as Mar del Plata 1995, were held in Mar del Plata, Argentina, from 12 to 26 March 1995. After 44 years, this was the Pan American Games' first return to the country that hosted the first Games, in 1951.
Edeyrn
Saint Edeyrn (c. 6th century) was a pre-congregational saint of Wales, related to Vortigern and the royal house of Powys and the brother of Saint Aerdeyrn and Elldeyrn. Edeyrn is the patron saint of Lannédern in France and Llanedeyrn in Wales, where he founded a monastery of over 300 people.

Kingdom of Powys
The Kingdom of Powys (Welsh pronunciation: [ˈpowɪs]; Latin: Regnum Poysiae) was a Welsh successor state, petty kingdom and principality that emerged during the Middle Ages following the end of Roman rule in Britain. It very roughly covered the northern two-thirds of the modern county of Powys and part of today's English West Midlands (see map). More precisely, and based on the Romano-British tribal lands of the Ordovices in the west and the Cornovii in the east, its boundaries originally extended from the Cambrian Mountains in the west to include the modern West Midlands region of England in the east. The fertile river valleys of the Severn and Tern are found there, and this region is referred to in later Welsh literature as "the Paradise of Powys" (an epithet retained in Welsh for the modern UK county).
Mótsognir
In Norse mythology, Mótsognir (Old Norse: [ˈmoːtˌsoɣnez̠], "he who drinks in might"), also found as Móðsognir ([ˈmoːðˌsoɣnez̠]; Hauksbók manuscript variant), "he who drinks in courage", is the ruler of the dwarves. In Völuspà 10, he is identified as mæztr um orðinn dverga allra, "lord of all the dwarves". According to Snorri Sturluson in Gylfaginning 14, which seeks to explain this verse, "the dwarfs had taken shape first and acquired life in the flesh of Ymir and were then maggots, but by decision of the gods they became conscious with intelligence and had the shape of men though they live in the earth and in rocks. Modsognir was a dwarf and the second was Durinn."

Snorri Sturluson
Snorri Sturluson (Old Norse: [ˈsnorːe ˈsturloˌson]; Icelandic: [ˈstnɔrːɪ ˈstʏ(r)tlʏˌsɔːn]; 1179 – 23 September 1241) was an Icelandic historian, poet, knight, and politician. He was elected twice as lawspeaker of the Icelandic parliament, the Althing. He is commonly thought to have authored or compiled portions of the Prose Edda, which is a major source for what is today known about Norse mythology and alliterative verse, and Heimskringla, a history of the Norse kings that begins with legendary material in Ynglinga saga and moves through to early medieval Scandinavian history. For stylistic and methodological reasons, Snorri is often taken to be the author of Egil's Saga. He was assassinated in 1241 by men claiming to be agents of the King of Norway.
Athletics at the 2012 Summer Paralympics T/F31–38
Athletics events at the 2012 Summer Paralympics were held in the Olympic Stadium and in The Mall in London, United Kingdom, from 31 August to 9 September 2012. 42 events were staged for athletes with cerebral palsy, and 3 jointly with athletes with spinal cord damage.

The Mall, London
51°30′15″N 0°8′7″W﻿ / ﻿51.50417°N 0.13528°W﻿ / 51.50417; -0.13528

The Mall (/ˈmæl/) is a ceremonial route and roadway in the City of Westminster, central London, that travels 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) between Buckingham Palace at its western end and Trafalgar Square via Admiralty Arch to the east. Along the north side of The Mall is green space and St. James's Palace with other official buildings, and to the south is St James's Park.  Near the east end at Trafalgar Square and Whitehall it is met by Horse Guards Road and Spring Gardens, near the west end at the Victoria Memorial it is met by the Constitution Hill roadway and the Spur Road to the street of Buckingham Gate. It is closed to traffic on Saturdays, Sundays, public holidays and on ceremonial occasions.
Jan ter Laan
Jan ter Laan (12 December 1872 – 9 August 1956) was a Dutch politician and long-term member of the House of Representatives for the Social Democratic Workers' Party. He was also a member of the council of Rotterdam and a member of Provincial Council of South Holland.

Provincial Council of South Holland
The Provincial Council of South Holland (Dutch: Provinciale Staten van Zuid-Holland), also known as the States of South Holland, is the provincial council of South Holland, Netherlands. It forms the legislative body of the province. Its 55 seats are distributed every four years in provincial elections.
IWRF European Championship
The IWRF European Championship or IWRF European Zone Championship is the European wheelchair rugby championships that take place every two years between national teams of the continents. The European Championship is also a qualifying tournament for the IWRF World Championships and the Paralympic Games.

The first European Championship was held in 1995.

United States Wheelchair Rugby Association
The United States Wheelchair Rugby Association (USWRA) is a 501(c)3 non-profit organization and the governing body for the domestic competition of wheelchair rugby in the United States.  The organization shares voting privileges with USA Wheelchair Rugby (USAWR), within the international governing body for Wheelchair Rugby, World Wheelchair Rugby (WWR).

The United States Wheelchair Rugby Association (USWRA) provides oversight, promotes development and executes administration of the sport of Wheelchair Rugby across the United States. Since 1988, the Association has been promoting and supporting wheelchair rugby to provide competitive athletic opportunities to eligible people with disabilities and also to empower people to reach their full potential in all areas of life. The USWRA features over 40 teams with more than 500 athletes across the country.
Berrick Barnes
Berrick Steven Barnes (born 28 May 1986) is an Australian rugby union coach and former dual-code player. His usual position was fly-half or inside centre. He previously played with Japanese Top League clubs Panasonic Wild Knights and Ricoh Black Rams, as well as in the Super Rugby with Australian teams the New South Wales Waratahs and the Queensland Reds; and the Australia national team.

Papua New Guinea national rugby league team
The Papua New Guinea national rugby league team represents Papua New Guinea in the sport of rugby league football.

In Papua New Guinea, Rugby League is a highly popular sport and is regarded as the country's national sport. The national side are known as the Kumuls ("birds-of-paradise" in Tok Pisin).