hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Earl Leland Smith
Earl Leland "Smitty" Smith (1895–1973) worked in aviation from his first flight in 1921 to his retirement in 1952. He worked as a pilot, flight instructor, and mechanic for numerous aviation companies throughout his career. He was also a tester for the National Bureau of Standards and an investigator for the Civil Aeronautics Board. Smith died in November 1973.

Smith is best known for commandeering the first rail-air flight across the US. He flew over mountains, which was a path deemed dangerous at the time, to demonstrate that a flight-rail path from East to West Coasts was possible.

He partnered with Bud Baker, another pilot, and started an airline: "It was in August 1929 that Bud and I started what is now United Air Lines."

His first accident occurred on September 1, 1931. Skillful at both flying and repairing planes, Smith was a pilot for major airlines like Eastern Air Transport and Condor Peruana de Aviniacion and a founder of his own mechanic shop in the early 1930s.

Capital Airlines (United States)
Capital Airlines was a United States trunk carrier, a scheduled airline serving the eastern, southern, southeastern, and midwestern United States. Capital's headquarters were located at Washington National Airport (now Reagan Washington National Airport) across the Potomac river from Washington, D.C., where crew training and aircraft overhauls were also accomplished. In the 1950s Capital was the fifth largest United States domestic carrier by passenger count (and sometimes by passenger-miles) after the Big Four air carriers (American, United, TWA, and Eastern).

Capital merged with United Airlines in 1961.
Stefan Grabiński
Stefan Grabiński (26 February 1887 – 12 November 1936) was a Polish writer of fantastic literature and horror stories. He was very interested in parapsychology, magic and demonology and in the works of the German Expressionist filmmakers. He is sometimes likened to Edgar Allan Poe and H. P. Lovecraft, although his works are often surreal or explicitly erotic in a way that sets him apart from both.

University of Lviv
The Ivan Franko National University of Lviv (named after Ivan Franko, Ukrainian: Львівський національний університет імені Івана Франка, romanized: Lvivskyi natsionalnyi universytet imeni Ivana Franka) is a state-sponsored university in Lviv, Ukraine. Since 1940 the university is named after Ukrainian poet Ivan Franko.

The university is the oldest institution of higher learning in continuous operation in present-day Ukraine, dating from 1661 when John II Casimir, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, granted it its first royal charter. Over the centuries, it has undergone various transformations, suspensions, and name changes that have reflected the geopolitical complexities of this part of Europe. The present institution can be dated to 1940.
Pravasi Express Awards
Pravasi Express Awards were introduced in 2013 for appreciating personalities for outstanding contributions to society and endeavours in their chosen field/profession. The awards are overseen by Pravasi Publications from Singapore, publishers of the Pravasi Express Newspaper.

Unni Mukundan
Unnikrishnan Mukundan (born 22 September 1987), popularly known as Unni Mukundan, is an Indian actor and film producer who predominantly works in Malayalam cinema.

Unni  made his acting debut with the Tamil film Seedan (2011). After playing several small roles, Unni got his breakthrough with his lead role in Vysakh's action comedy Mallu Singh (2012). Later, he went on to star in several commercially successful films, including Vikramadithyan (2014), KL 10 Patthu (2015), Style (2016), Oru Murai Vanthu Parthaya (2016), Achayans (2017), Malikappuram (2022) and Marco (2024), the last two emerged as his highest-grossing releases. Some of his best known non-Malayalam films are the Telugu film Janatha Garage (2016) and the Tamil film Garudan (2024).

In 2021, he won his first National Film Award as a producer for his debut production, Meppadiyan.
A. Pengelley & Co
A. Pengelley & Co was a manufacturer of furniture, horse-drawn vehicles, motor car bodies and tram and railway rolling stock bodies  in Adelaide, South Australia. The company had a 3-acre (1.2-hectare) factory on South Road, Edwardstown.

On 25 December 1913, much of the factory was destroyed by fire, except for the railway carriage and tram construction facilities.

In 1954, the premises were purchased and occupied by the Hills Hoists company to manufacture rotary clothes lines.

South Road
South Road (and its southern section as Main South Road outside of Adelaide) is a major north–south conduit connecting Adelaide and the Fleurieu Peninsula, in South Australia. It is one of Adelaide's most important arterial and bypass roads. As South Road, it is designated part of route A2 within suburban Adelaide. As Main South Road, it is designated part of routes A13 and B23.

The northern part of South Road contributes the central component of the North–South Corridor, a series of road projects under construction or planning that will eventually provide a continuous expressway between Old Noarlunga and Gawler.
Missile Badge
The Missile Badge is a military decoration of the United States Air Force which was first created on 23 May 1958.  The  "pocket rocket" badge recognizes those commissioned officers and enlisted personnel of the US Air Force who have qualified as missile personnel (both TAC and SAC (now AFGSC)) that have been trained in the maintenance or launching of land-based and air-launched nuclear weapons under the direction of the National Command Authority. Originally known as the Missileman Badge, the Missile Badge later became known as the Missileer Badge or more informally the Pocket Rocket.

National Command Authority (United States)
The National Command Authority (NCA) is a term that was formerly used by the Department of Defense of the United States to refer to the ultimate source of lawful military orders.

The NCA was first alluded to in a 1960 Department of Defense document. It included at least the president of the United States as commander-in-chief and the secretary of defense. The term has no statutory or constitutional basis and was replaced in 2002 in favor of explicitly referring to the president and/or the secretary of defense.

The term also refers to communications with the commanding officers of the unified combatant commands to put U.S. forces into action.
Penitanzacid F
Penitanzacid F was found as one of the twelve new tanzawaic acid derivatives, which were the secondary metabolites of the fungi Pencillum sp. KWF32 isolated from the tissues of Bathymodiolus sp. collected in the cold spring area of the South China Sea in 2021.

It may have anticoccidial, cytotoxic, lipid-lowering, superoxide anion production inhibiting, bacterial conjugation inhibiting, and NO production inhibiting properties as a tanzawaic acid derivative.

Cytotoxicity
Cytotoxicity refers to the capacity of a substance or agent to cause damage or death to living cells, reflecting a critical parameter in pharmacology, toxicology, and biomedicine. It is distinct from cytostatic effects, which inhibit cell growth and proliferation without causing cell death. Cytotoxic agents can induce a range of cellular responses, including inhibition of cell growth, induction of apoptotic or necrotic cell death, and disruption of metabolic or structural cellular integrity. Assessing cytotoxicity is fundamental for evaluating the safety and efficacy of pharmaceutical compounds, chemicals, and biomaterials, as it helps predict potential adverse effects and guides therapeutic development.

Various assays—based on enzyme activity, membrane permeability, metabolic activity, or cell proliferation—are routinely employed to characterize and quantify cytotoxic effects in vitro, providing essential insights into cell viability and the mechanisms underlying toxic responses.
Seven Ways
Seven Ways is the second studio album by Paul van Dyk, released on MFS in 1996 and later on Deviant Records and Mute Records. Several editions include a bonus disc featuring remixes of tracks from the main disc, as well as bonus tracks.

The album was voted #1 by the readers of DJ Magazine.

Deviant Records
Deviant Records was a London-based electronic music record label founded by publisher and music producer Rob Deacon in 1994. They published bands such as Pentatonik, Node (Flood, Ed Buller, Mel Wesson, Dave Bessell), Schematix, The Orb, Humate, Phat Gecko (Luke Corradine), Spooky, and Witchman. Deviant grew to be one a major independent dance label and represented Paul van Dyk, now one of the world's most successful DJs, and DJ Sammy. Disillusioned by the corporate consolidation within the music industry, as well as the increase in music downloads, Deacon sold Deviant Records to Phoenix Music International Ltd. in 2006. He died on 8 September 2007 in a canoeing accident.
Berezniki, Sobinsky District, Vladimir Oblast
Berezniki (Russian: Березники) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Bereznikovskoye Rural Settlement, Sobinsky District, Vladimir Oblast, RSFSR. Russia. The population was 466 as of 2010. There are 21 streets.

Vladimir Oblast
Vladimir Oblast (Russian: Влади́мирская о́бласть, romanized: Vladimirskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Vladimir, which is located 190 kilometers (120 mi) east of Moscow. As of the 2010 Census, the oblast's population was 1,443,693.

The UNESCO World Heritage List includes the 12th-century cathedrals of Vladimir, Suzdal, Bogolyubovo, and Kideksha.
FIBA EuroBasket 2011 Division B
The FIBA EuroBasket Division B was the second-ranked tier of the bi-annual FIBA EuroBasket competition. All the teams of this tournament qualified for the FIBA EuroBasket 2013 qualification.

This was the last FIBA EuroBasket Division B tournament played.

EuroBasket
EuroBasket, also commonly called the European Basketball Championship, is the main international basketball competition for the senior men's national teams of primarily European countries. It is held every four years and organised by FIBA Europe, the European zone of FIBA, the International Basketball Federation.

The competition was first held in 1935. The former Soviet Union holds the record for most gold medals with 14. The tournament is generally held in August or September, in the offseason of major club competitions. The current champion is Germany, who won the 2025 title.
Grant's Trail
Grant's Trail is a mixed-use trail in St. Louis County, Missouri, that begins at the River Des Peres Greenway at River City Boulevard and I-55 and runs northwest to Holmes Ave and I-44 in Kirkwood. The trail is 12.14 miles (19.54 km) and is part of the Gravois Greenway. It connects the Meramec River Greenway to the River des Peres Greenway.

Kirkwood, Missouri
Kirkwood is an inner-ring suburb of St. Louis located in western St. Louis County, Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the city's population was 29,461. Founded in 1853, the city is named after James P. Kirkwood, chief engineer of the Pacific Railroad. It was the first planned suburb located west of the Mississippi River.
Santa María (ship)
La Santa María de la Inmaculada Concepción (Spanish: [la ˈsãn̪.t̪a maˈɾi.a ð̞e̞ la ĩm.ma.kuˈla.ð̞a kõn̟.θeβ̞ˈθjõn] lit. 'The Holy Mary of the Immaculate Conception'), or La Santa María (Spanish: [la ˈsãn̪.t̪a maˈɾi.a]), originally La Gallega (Spanish: [la ɡaˈʝe.ɣ̞a]), was the largest of the three small ships sailed by Christopher Columbus in his first expedition across the Atlantic Ocean in 1492, with the backing of the Spanish monarchs. Her master and owner was Juan de la Cosa.

In 1492 the ship ran aground on a sand bar near modern-day Cap-Haïtien of the island of Hispaniola. The ship's wood was stripped and then utilized in the construction of a wooden fort at Limonade. One of her anchors survives to the present day in a museum in Haiti. In the 19th and 20th century, several replicas were created with varying attributes and dimensions, as the size and details of the original ship are unknown.

Puszczykowo
Puszczykowo [puʂt͡ʂɨˈkɔvɔ] (German: Puszczykowo; Unterberg) is a town in Poznań County, in the Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland, with 9,331 inhabitants (as of 2015). It is located about 12 km (7.46 mi) south of Poznań, the area is surrounded by the Wielkopolski National Park (located within the park buffer zone).
Clayton Spencer
Ava Clayton Spencer (born December 15, 1954) is an American attorney. She was the eighth president of Bates College. She had previously served as the vice president for institutional policy at Harvard University from 2005 to 2012.

Her tenure over Bates saw a marked increase in financial assets, major campus expansion, and increased academic competitiveness.

Financial asset
A financial asset is a non-physical asset whose value is derived from a contractual claim, such as bank deposits, bonds, and participations in companies' share capital. Financial assets are usually more liquid than tangible assets, such as commodities or real estate.

The opposite of financial assets is non-financial assets, which include both tangible property (sometimes also called real assets) such as land, real estate or commodities, and intangible assets such as intellectual property, including copyrights, patents, trademarks and data.
J. P. Compretta
Joseph Patrick "J.P." Compretta (born March 17, 1945) is a Mississippi lawyer and Democratic politician. He is a former member of the Mississippi House of Representatives, representing the 122nd house district (part of Hancock County). Compretta was Speaker Pro Tempore of the House and Chairman of the Management Committee, also serving on the Judiciary, Marine Resources and Ways & Means committees.

Hancock County, Mississippi
Hancock County is the southernmost county of the U.S. state of Mississippi and is named for Founding Father John Hancock. As of the 2020 census, the population was 46,053. Its county seat is Bay St. Louis. Hancock County is part of the Gulfport–Biloxi, MS Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is situated along the Gulf of Mexico and the state line with Louisiana. The area is home to the John C. Stennis Space Center, NASA's largest rocket engine test facility. The county was severely damaged from Hurricane Katrina on August 29, 2005, which caused a huge storm surge and catastrophic damage.
Bright Vanya Moyo
Bright Vanya Moyo is a Zimbabwean politician who served as the Member of Parliament for Lupane East between September and October 2023 as a member of the Citizens Coalition for Change.

In early-October 2023, Moyo was one of fifteen CCC MPs who were recalled by self-proclaimed CCC secretary-general Sengezo Tshabangu. He then registered to contest the by-election in his constituency in December 2023. He was later barred from contesting the by-election by the Harare High Court which saw Phathisiwe Machangu of the ZANU–PF win the seat.

2023–2024 Zimbabwean by-elections
By-elections were held in Zimbabwe on 11 November 2023, on 9 December 2023, on 3 February 2024 and on 27 April 2024 to fill vacancies in the National Assembly and in local government. The by-elections were triggered by Sengezo Tshabangu, who claimed to be the interim Secretary-General of the Citizens Coalition for Change, when he recalled nine constituency legislators, six proportional representative women’s quota and senators and seventeen councilors mainly from Bulawayo, one of the party's strongholds.
Bone collar
The bone collar is a cuff of periosteal bone that forms around the diaphysis of the hyaline cartilage model in developing long bones. The bone collar appears during endochondral bone development to support the growing bone and help it retain its shape.

Diaphysis
The diaphysis (pl.: diaphyses) is the main or midsection (shaft) of a long bone. It is made up of cortical bone and usually contains bone marrow and adipose tissue (fat).

It is a middle tubular part composed of compact bone which surrounds a central marrow cavity which contains red or yellow marrow. In diaphysis, primary ossification occurs.

Ewing sarcoma tends to occur at the diaphysis.
2014 Swiss Open Grand Prix Gold
The 2014 Swiss Open Grand Prix Gold was the third grand prix gold and grand prix tournament of the 2014 BWF Grand Prix Gold and Grand Prix. The tournament was held in St. Jakobshalle, Basel, Switzerland from March 11–16, 2014 and had a total purse of $125,000.

Kim Ha-na
Kim Ha-na (Korean: 김하나; pronounced [kim.ɦa.na] or [kim] [ha.na]; born 27 December 1989) is a South Korean badminton player. She was the mixed doubles gold medalist at the 2013 Asian Championships, and was part of the national team that won the Sudirman Cup in 2017. Kim won her first Superseries title at the 2012 India Open in the women's doubles event. She reached a career high of world no. 1 in the mixed doubles in September 2016.
Bay Point, California
Bay Point, formerly West Pittsburg and originally Bella Vista, is a census-designated place located in the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area in Contra Costa County, California. Bay Point is just west of Pittsburg, California, and northeast of Concord, California, on the southern shore of Suisun Bay. The population of Bay Point was 23,896 as of 2020. The Pittsburg/Bay Point Station of the Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) rail system is located adjacent to Bay Point in Pittsburg. The community is traversed by State Route 4, the California Delta Highway, a controlled-access road. Being unincorporated, Bay Point does not have its own police department. The community is policed by the California Highway Patrol and the Contra Costa County Sheriff's Office. The ZIP Code is 94565, and the area code is 925.

East Bay
37°42′N 122°00′W﻿ / ﻿37.7°N 122°W﻿ / 37.7; -122

The East Bay is the eastern region of the San Francisco Bay Area and includes cities along the eastern shores of San Francisco Bay and San Pablo Bay. The region has grown to include inland communities in Alameda and Contra Costa counties. With a population of roughly 2.8 million in 2024, it is the most populous subregion in the Bay Area, containing the second- and third-most populous Bay Area counties of Alameda (1.7 million) and Contra Costa (1.1 million).

Oakland is the largest city in the East Bay by population and the third largest in the Bay Area. The city serves as a major transportation hub for the U.S. West Coast, and its port is the largest in Northern California. Increased population has led to the growth of large edge cities such as Alameda, Concord, Emeryville, Fremont, Hayward, Livermore, Pleasanton, San Ramon, and Walnut Creek.
Srirangapatna
Srirangapatna or Srirangapattana is a town and headquarters of one of the seven Taluks of Mandya district, in the Indian State of Karnataka. It gets its name from the Ranganathaswamy temple consecrated around 984 CE. Later, under the British rule, the city was renamed to Seringapatam. Located near the city of Mandya, it is of religious, cultural and historic importance.

The monuments on the island town of Srirangapatna have been nominated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and the application is pending on the tentative list of UNESCO.

Madras Army
The Madras Army was the army of the Presidency of Madras, one of the three presidencies of British India within the British Empire. The Madras Army was originally intended to be composed only of Rajputs, Mussalmans, and the three Telugu castes the Kammas, the Razus and the Velamas.

The presidency armies, like the presidencies themselves, belonged to the East India Company until the Government of India Act 1858 (passed in the aftermath of the Indian Rebellion of 1857) transferred all three presidencies to the direct authority of the British Crown.

In 1895 all three presidency armies were merged into the British Indian Army.
Yelena Tissina
Yelena Tissina (Russian: Елена Тиссина, born February 10, 1977) is a Russian sprint canoer who competed in the late 1990s and early 2000s. She won two bronze medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with one in 1997 (K-2 200 m) and one in 1998 (K-4 200 m).

Tissina also competed at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, finishing seventh in the K-4 500 m event and ninth in the K-2 500 m event.

1997 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships
The 1997 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships were held in Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada on Lake Banook.

The men's competition consisted of nine Canadian (single paddle, open boat) and nine kayak events. Eight events were held for the women, all in kayak. Women's K-1 1000 m and K-2 1000 m events were added.

This was the 28th championships in canoe sprint.
Teenage pregnancy in Australia
Teenage pregnancy is pregnancy in a girl between the ages of 13 and 19. The term used in everyday speech usually refers to girls who have not yet reached legal adulthood, which in Australia is anyone under the age of 18.  At the national level, the teenage birth rate has declined in the last decade. The rate was about 16 babies per 1,000 women aged 15–19 years between 2011 and 2012 but this had fallen to 11.9 births per 1,000 women aged 15–19 in 2015, the lowest figure on record. Terminations can be performed up until the 12-week mark. About half of all teenage pregnancies are terminated in Australia.

Australian Bureau of Statistics
The Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) is an agency of the Australian Government that collates and analyses statistical data on economic, demographic, environmental and social issues to support policy research and development.

The bureau's function originated in the Commonwealth Bureau of Census and Statistics, established in 1905, four years after the Federation of Australia. The organisation took on its present name in 1975. The ABS conducts Australia's Census of Population and Housing every five years and publishes its findings online.
Armorial of railways in Great Britain
Railways in Great Britain have a spotted history with heraldry. Though there are some examples of railway companies acquiring legitimate grants of arms from either the College of Arms or the Lyon Court, the majority of emblems simply copied the existing arms of the municipalities between which their routes ran, or used haphazard collections of quasi-heraldic imagery. Many encircled their insignia with buckles resembling those of orders of chivalry, such as that of the Order of the Garter, but with the name of the company in place of those orders' mottoes. Earlier railway companies frequently employed circular pictorial seals which occasionally included shields, crests or other elements from civic arms.

Court of the Lord Lyon
The Court of the Lord Lyon, or Lyon Court,  is a standing court of law, based in New Register House in Edinburgh, which regulates heraldry in Scotland. The Lyon Court maintains the register of grants of arms, known as the Public Register of All Arms and Bearings in Scotland, as well as records of genealogies.

The Lyon Court is a public body, and the fees for grants of arms are paid to His Majesty's Treasury. It is headed by the Right Honourable the Lord Lyon King of Arms, who must be legally qualified, as he has criminal jurisdiction in heraldic matters, and the court is fully integrated into the Scottish legal system, including having a dedicated prosecutor, known in Scotland as a procurator fiscal.

Its equivalent in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland, in terms of awarding arms, is the College of Arms, which is a royal corporation and not a court of law. The High Court of Chivalry is a civil court in England and Wales with jurisdiction over cases dealing with heraldry.