hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Glossary of history
This glossary of history is a list of definitions of terms and concepts relevant to the study of history and its related fields and sub-disciplines, including both prehistory and the period of human history.

Panthalassa
Panthalassa, also known as the Panthalassic Ocean or Panthalassan Ocean (from Greek πᾶν "all" and θάλασσα "sea"), was the vast superocean that encompassed planet Earth and surrounded the supercontinent Pangaea, the latest in a series of supercontinents in the history of Earth. During the Paleozoic–Mesozoic transition (c. 250 Ma), the ocean occupied almost 70% of Earth's surface, with the supercontinent Pangaea taking up the remaining one third. The original, ancient ocean floor has now completely disappeared because of the continuous subduction along the continental margins on its circumference. Panthalassa is also referred to as the Paleo-Pacific ("old Pacific") or Proto-Pacific because the Pacific Ocean is a direct continuation of Panthalassa.
Chiba 10th district
Chiba 10th district (千葉県第10区, Chiba-ken dai-jukku  or simply 千葉10区, Chiba-jukku) is a single-member constituency of the House of Representatives in the national Diet of Japan located in Chiba Prefecture.

Narita, Chiba
Narita (成田市, Narita-shi) is a city in Chiba Prefecture, Japan. As of 30 November 2020, the city had an estimated population of 131,852 in 63,098 households and a population density of 620 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 213.84 km2 (82.56 sq mi). It is the site of Narita International Airport, one of the two main international airports serving the Greater Tokyo Area.
Allegory of Fertility and Abundance
Allegory of Fertility and Abundance is a allegorical tempera on panel painting by Luca Signorelli, created c. 1500, now in the Uffizi in Florence. Produced around the same time as the artist's frescoes in the San Brizio Chapel in Orvieto, the work is a monochrome allegory inspired by classical bas-reliefs and intended for a humanist scholar's studiolo. Its figures refer to the artist's nudes in his frescoes at Orvieto and Madonna and Child with Ignudi.

Madonna and Child with Ignudi
Madonna and Child with Ignudi is a tempera on panel painting by Luca Signorelli, created c. 1490, produced for the Medici Villa di Castello, where it was seen by Giorgio Vasari. It was probably a commission from Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco de' Medici, who also commissioned Primavera and Birth of Venus from Botticelli. It is now in the Uffizi in Florence. Its title refers to the ignudi in the background.
Iskwao Creek
Iskwao Creek, formerly Squaw Creek, is a river in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It begins just north of Davidson and flows south into the Qu'Appelle River downstream and east of Eyebrow Lake. Much of the river's course is through a deep-cut valley that was formed by glacial meltwaters near the end of the last ice age.

Davidson is the only community on the river. There are two reservoirs along its course and two highways cross it. In 1949–50 Enbridge Line 1 was built through the river's valley.

Eyebrow Lake
Eyebrow Lake is a man-made, marshy lake that parallels the Qu'Appelle River in the southern region of the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. Located in the RM of Huron No. 223, it is the first lake in a series of lakes along the Qu'Appelle River after Qu'Appelle River Dam and Lake Diefenbaker. The next lake downstream is Buffalo Pound Lake. The closest community is the village of Tugaske and, while there are no public recreation sites at the lake, it can be accessed by Highway 627. The lake gets its name from the nearby Eyebrow Hills, which are shaped like an eyebrow. The nearby town of Eyebrow and RM of Eyebrow No. 193 are also named after these hills.

The entire lake and much of the surrounding landscape is an Important Bird Area of Canada while the lower half is part of the provincial Nisku Wildlife Refuge (50°56′00″N 106°10′02″W﻿ / ﻿50.9334°N 106.1673°W﻿ / 50.9334; -106.1673).
Christianity in New Zealand
Christianity in New Zealand dates to the arrival of missionaries from the Church Missionary Society who were welcomed onto the beach at Rangihoua Bay in December 1814. Christianity soon became the predominant belief amongst the indigenous people, with over half of Māori regularly attending church services within the first 30 years. It remains New Zealand's largest religious group, but no one denomination is dominant and there is no official state church. According to the 2018 census 38.17% of the population identified as Christian. The largest Christian groups are Catholic, Anglican, and Presbyterian. Christian organisations are the leading non-government providers of social services in New Zealand.

Rhema Media
Rhema Media (previously known as Rhema Broadcasting Group or RBG) is a Christian media organisation in New Zealand. It owns radio networks Rhema, Life FM and Sanctuary, and television station Shine TV. It also publishes Bob Gass's quarterly devotional publication The Word For Today, and a youth version called The Word For You Today. Rhema Media is based in Newton, Auckland and is the founding organisation of United Christian Broadcasters (UCB).

Rhema Media was set up in the 1960s by Christchurch evangelical Richard Berry, following the success of Ecuadorian Christian short-wave radio station HCJB. The company's flagship network Rhema (then New Zealand's Rhema) began full-time broadcasting on 11 November 1978. In 1997 the company launched the additional radio brands of Life FM and Star (then Southern Star). Shine TV was launched in 2002, and The Word radio network operated between 2007 and 2015.
Yorkville Library (Toronto)
The Yorkville Library is a branch of the Toronto Public Library in Toronto's Yorkville neighborhood, in Ontario, Canada. Established in 1907, the branch is Toronto Public Library's oldest. This library and the Toronto Reference Library form the closest distance between two library locations, at only 100m away from each other.

Toronto Public Library
Toronto Public Library (TPL) is a public library system in Toronto, Ontario. It is the largest public library system in Canada, and in 2023 had averaged a higher circulation per capita than any other public library system internationally, making it the largest neighbourhood-based library system in the world. Within North America, it also had the highest circulation and visitors when compared to other large urban systems. Established as the library of the Mechanics' Institute in 1830, the Toronto Public Library now consists of 100 branch libraries and has over 26 million items in its collection.
Emma Lyon
Emma Henry (née Lyon; 17 September 1788 – 30 December 1870) was an English Jewish Romantic poet. Her volume Miscellaneous Poems (1812) was one of the first collections of poetry by a Jewish woman in English.

Romantic poetry
Romantic poetry is the poetry of the Romantic era, an artistic, literary, musical and intellectual movement that originated in Europe towards the end of the 18th century. It involved a reaction against prevailing Neoclassical ideas of the 18th century, and lasted approximately from 1800 to 1850. Romantic poets rebelled against the style of poetry from the eighteenth century which was based around epics, odes, satires, elegies, epistles and songs.
Chutine
Chutine, originally Chutine Landing, is an abandoned locality and a former settlement at the confluence of the Chutine and Stikine Rivers in the Stikine Country of northwestern British Columbia, Canada.  The name "Chutine" means "half-people" in the Tahltan language, as the community here was a mixture of Tahltan and Tlingit peoples.

Stikine Country
The Stikine Country /stɪˈkiːn/, also referred to as the Stikine District or simply "the Stikine", is one of the historical geographic regions of the Canadian province of British Columbia, located inland from the central Alaska Panhandle and comprising the basin of the Stikine River and its tributaries.  The term Stikine–Iskut (alone  or in various combination forms "District", "Country", "Region") is also fairly common to describe the area, and references the Iskut River, the Stikine's largest tributary and describable as its south fork.
Grundy Art Gallery
The Grundy is an art gallery located in Blackpool, Lancashire, England. Its eclectic programme consists of regional historic to recent contemporary art exhibitions. Opened in 1911, it is owned and operated by Blackpool Council.

It is a Grade II listed Edwardian building. Together with the adjoining Central library it was listed on 20 October 1983.

Stanhope Forbes
Stanhope Alexander Forbes RA (18 November 1857 – 2 March 1947) was an Irish artist and a founding member of the influential Newlyn school of painters. He was often called 'the father of the Newlyn School'.
Sáenz (Buenos Aires Underground)
Sáenz is a station under construction and the future terminus of Line H of the Buenos Aires Underground. Once complete, the station will connect with the Belgrano Sur commuter rail line and the Metrobus Sur BRT line in a new facility designed for the connection of the three lines.

Construction began in 2012, along with Facultad de Derecho, Las Heras, Santa Fe and Córdoba stations; however, it was decided to prioritise the northern extension and Sáenz will open in the 2020s instead of with the other stations in 2015.

Pueyrredón (Line D Buenos Aires Underground)
Pueyrredón is a station on Line D of the Buenos Aires Underground. The station will have combinations with Line H at Santa Fe.

The station was opened on 23 February 1940 as part of the extension of Line D from Tribunales to Palermo.
William Campbell (New South Wales politician)
William Robert Campbell (1838 – 3 July 1906) was an Australian politician.

He was born in Sydney to Annie Sophie Riley and Robert Campbell a merchant and member of the Legislative Council. He attended The King's School in Parramatta and was a pastoralist and merchant before entering politics. In 1868 he was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for West Sydney, but he was defeated in 1869. On 24 February 1881 he married Eglantine Julia Thomson. He returned to the Assembly in 1880 as the member for Gwydir, serving until his resignation in 1886. He was then appointed to the New South Wales Legislative Council in 1890, where he remained until his death at Elizabeth Bay in 1906.

He had extensive family connections in politics: his grandfather Robert, father, father-in-law Sir Edward Deas Thomson, and uncles John, and Charles, were all members of the New South Wales Parliament.

Robert Campbell (Australian politician, born 1769)
Robert Campbell (1769–1846) was a merchant and politician in Sydney. He was a member of the first New South Wales Legislative Council. Campbell, a suburb of Canberra was named in his honour, as well as Campbell Island in the New Zealand Subantarctic Islands.
Decoloniality
Decoloniality (Spanish: decolonialidad) is a school of thought that aims to delink from Eurocentric knowledge hierarchies and ways of being in the world in order to enable other forms of existence on Earth. It critiques the perceived universality of Western knowledge and the superiority of Western culture, including the systems and institutions that reinforce such perceptions. Decolonial perspectives understand colonialism as the basis for the everyday function of capitalist modernity and of imperialism.: 168-174

Decoloniality emerged as part of a South America movement examining the role of the European colonization of the Americas in establishing Eurocentric modernity/coloniality — according to Aníbal Quijano (1928-2018), who defined the term and its reach.

Postcolonialism
Postcolonialism is the academic study of the cultural, political and economic consequences of colonialism and imperialism, focusing on the impact of human control and exploitation of colonized people and their lands. The field started to emerge in the 1960s, as scholars from previously colonized countries began publishing on the lingering effects of colonialism, developing an analysis of the history, culture, literature, and discourse of imperial power. It is part of the critical theory framework in broader sense, and more narrowly, critical race theory.
Kemeys Manor
Kemeys Manor, Langstone, Newport, Wales, is a manor house dating from the 13th century. The family that built it was established in South Wales in the Middle Ages by Edward, Lord of Kemeys and the manor was held by his descendants until the 18th century. The building was greatly enlarged in the 16th and 17th centuries and comprises a tower, hall and attached ranges. Kemeys is a Grade II* listed building. A barn to the north of the house, and Kemeys Folly to the south, are both listed at Grade II. The park surrounding the house is listed Grade II on the Cadw/ICOMOS Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in Wales. The manor and the folly remain private residences and are not open to the public.

Fred Hando
Frederick James Hando MBE (23 March 1888 – 17 February 1970) was a Welsh writer, artist and schoolteacher from Newport.  He chronicled the history, character and folklore of Monmouthshire, which he also called Gwent, in a series of nearly 800 newspaper articles and several books published between the 1920s and 1960s.
Gabriel Paulista
Gabriel Armando de Abreu (born 26 November 1990), commonly known as Gabriel Paulista (Brazilian Portuguese: [ɡabɾiˈew pawˈlistɐ]) or simply Gabriel, is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Corinthians.

He began his career with Vitória in 2010, winning two Campeonato Baiano titles and finishing as runner-up in the 2010 Copa do Brasil. He also spent a season-and-a-half in Spain's top flight with Villarreal before joining Arsenal in January 2015. Having won two FA Cups, he moved to Valencia in August 2017. He made over 200 appearances for Valencia, winning the Copa del Rey in 2019.

2013 Campeonato Baiano
The 2013 Campeonato Baiano de Futebol was the 109th season of Bahia's top professional football league. The competition began on January 20 and ended on May 19. Vitória won the championship by the 27th time, while Fluminense de Feira and Atlético Alagoinhas were relegated.
1992 NCAA Division I field hockey tournament
The 1992 NCAA Division I field hockey tournament was the 12th annual single-elimination tournament hosted by the National Collegiate Athletic Association to determine the national champion of women's collegiate field hockey among its Division I members in the United States, the culmination of the 1992 NCAA Division I field hockey season.

In a match-up of undefeated teams, Old Dominion won their seventh championship, defeating Iowa in the final, 4–0.

The championship rounds were held at Cary Street Field in Richmond, Virginia on the campus of Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU).

NCAA Division I field hockey tournament
The NCAA Division I field hockey tournament is an American intercollegiate field hockey tournament conducted by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), and determines the Division I national champion. The tournament has been held annually since 1981.

The championship is contested exclusively by women's teams and there is no equivalent NCAA men's field hockey championship.

The most successful team is the North Carolina Tar Heels, who have eleven titles. In addition, North Carolina has finished national runner-up an NCAA record eleven times.

The most recent championship, in 2025, was won by the Northwestern Wildcats.
Kohl's Plaza
Kohl's Plaza is a strip mall at 1814 Central Avenue in Colonie, New York which includes the big box store Kohl's and several smaller tenants.  It is one of two original locations for Kohl's in the New York Capital Region.  Prior to Kohl's arrival in the plaza, it was known as Builder's Square Plaza as Builders Square was the only big box store in the plaza. The plaza has been in place since at least 1990.  The Mohawk Drive-in Theatre operated from 1946 to 1986 at this location.

Colonie, New York
Colonie /ˌkɒləˈniː/ is a town in Albany County, New York, United States. It is the most-populous suburb of Albany, and is the third-largest town in area in Albany County, occupying approximately 11% of the county. Several hamlets exist within the town. As of the 2020 census, the town had a total population of 85,590.

The name is derived from the Dutch Colonye or "Colonie",  derived from the Colonie of Rensselaerswyck. All the land outside the Village of Beverwyck (now Albany) was referred to as the "Colonie". The town of Colonie is north of Albany and is at the northern border of the county.  Within the town of Colonie are two villages, one also known as Colonie and the other known as Menands.
Nanbu dialect
The Nanbu (or Nambu) dialect (Japanese: 南部弁 nanbu-ben) is a Japanese dialect spoken in an area corresponding to the former domains of Morioka and Hachinohe in northern Tohoku, governed by the Nanbu clan during the Edo period. It is classified as a Northern Tohoku dialect of the wider Tohoku dialect group.

The Nanbu dialect is spoken across an expansive area covering the eastern half of Aomori Prefecture, the northern and central parts of Iwate Prefecture and the northwestern corner of Akita Prefecture. There is considerable regional variation, owed to factors such as varying degrees of contact with other areas per region, usually dictated by natural barriers and proximity to busy ports. On account of its widespread area, definitions of the ‘Nanbu dialect’ can vary depending on prefecture and speaker, with narrower definitions referring only to the local variety as opposed to the dialect as a whole.

Tōhoku dialect
The Tōhoku dialect (東北方言, Tōhoku hōgen), commonly called Tōhoku-ben (東北弁), is a group of the Japanese dialects spoken in the Tōhoku region, the northeastern region of Honshū. Toward the northern part of Honshū, the Tōhoku dialect can differ so dramatically from standard Japanese that it is sometimes rendered with subtitles for intelligibility in the nationwide media and it has been treated as the typical rural dialect in Japanese popular culture.
Dysprosium(III) oxalate
Dysprosium(III) oxalate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Dy2(C2O4)3. It forms hydrates, with the decahydrate Dy2(C2O4)3·10H2O being commonly encountered. The anhydrous form is amorphous and unstable, decomposing to dysprosium(III) oxide at 610°C. It is insoluble in water.

Dysprosium(III) oxide
Dysprosium oxide (Dy2O3) is a sesquioxide compound of the rare earth metal dysprosium. It is a pastel yellowish-greenish, slightly hygroscopic powder having specialized uses in ceramics, glass, phosphors, lasers, dysprosium metal halide lamps, and as a Faraday rotator.

It can react with acids to produce the corresponding dysprosium(III) salts:

Dy2O3 + 6 HCl → 2 DyCl3 + 3 H2O
Sarah Gordy
Sarah Gordy, MBE (born September 1976) is a British actress who has Down syndrome. She is best known for her roles as Katie Thorne in The A Word and Ralph & Katie, Orlando Quine in Strike: The Silkworm,  Lady Pamela Holland in the BBC TV series of Upstairs Downstairs, and Lucy Craddle in The Long Call. She has also acted in episodes of Call the Midwife, Holby City and Doctors. As well as these TV shows, she has acted in short films, radio dramas, commercials, and many theatre productions. In 2018 she was awarded an MBE for services to the arts and people with disabilities  and became the first person with Down syndrome to receive an honorary degree from a UK university, receiving it from the University of Nottingham.

Lewes
Lewes (/ˈluːɪs/ ⓘ) is the county town of East Sussex, England. The town is the administrative centre of the wider district of the same name. It lies on the River Ouse at the point where the river cuts through the South Downs.

A traditional market town and centre of communications, in 1264 it was the site of the Battle of Lewes. The town's landmarks include Lewes Castle, Lewes Priory, Bull House (the former home of Thomas Paine), Southover Grange and public gardens, and a 16th-century timber-framed Wealden hall house known as Anne of Cleves House. Other notable features of the area include the Glyndebourne festival, the Lewes Bonfire celebrations and the Lewes Pound.
Leyla-Tepe culture
The Leyla-Tepe culture (Azerbaijani: Leylatəpə mədəniyyəti) of the South Caucasus belongs to the Chalcolithic era. It got its name from the site in the Agdam District of modern-day Azerbaijan. Its settlements were distributed on the southern slopes of Central Caucasus, from 3800 until 3200 B.C.

Monuments of the Leyla-Tepe were first located in the 1980s by I. G. Narimanov, a Soviet archaeologist. In the 2000s attention to the monuments was inspired by the risk of their damage due to the construction of the Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan pipeline and the South Caucasus pipeline.

Ubaid period
The Ubaid period (c. 5500–3700 BC) is a prehistoric period of Mesopotamia. The name derives from Tell al-'Ubaid where the earliest large excavation of Ubaid period material was conducted initially in 1919 by Henry Hall, Leonard Woolley in 1922–1923, and later by Pinhas Delougaz in 1937. Excavations continue into the present day.

In Southern Mesopotamia, this period marks the earliest known human settlements on the alluvial plain, although it is likely earlier periods exist that are obscured under the alluvium. In the south it has a very long duration between about 5500 and 3800 BC when it is replaced by the Uruk period.

In Northern Mesopotamia the period runs only between about 5300 and 4300 BC. It is preceded by the Halaf period and the Halaf-Ubaid Transitional period and succeeded by the Late Chalcolithic period.
Takayuki Morimoto
Takayuki Morimoto (森本 貴幸, Morimoto Takayuki; born 7 May 1988) is a Japanese former professional footballer who plays as a second striker. He holds the record for the youngest Japanese player to make his professional debut, and the youngest scorer in J1 League history. Morimoto represented Japan at the 2004 and 2008 versions of the Toulon Tournament, the 2004 AFC Youth Championship, the 2005 FIFA World Youth Championship, the 2008 Summer Olympics and the 2010 FIFA World Cup.

JEF United Chiba
JEF United Chiba (ジェフユナイテッド千葉, Jefu Yunaiteddo Chiba), full name JEF United Ichihara Chiba (ジェフユナイテッド市原・千葉, Jefu Yunaiteddo Ichihara Chiba) and also known as JEF Chiba (ジェフ千葉, Jefu Chiba), is a Japanese professional football club based in Chiba, capital of Chiba Prefecture. They currently play in the J1 League, the top tier of the Japanese football league system, after promotion from the J2 League in 2025.
Ember (video game)
Ember is an isometric role-playing game developed by N-Fusion Interactive and published by 505 Games. The game was released on iOS and Windows. Ember was inspired by the 1992 video game Ultima VII: The Black Gate and has received pre-release comparisons to the Ultima series and to Baldur's Gate. The game was initially meant to release in 2014 and 2015, but was pushed back in order to expand the game.

Ultima (series)
Ultima is a series of open world fantasy role-playing video games from Origin Systems, created by Richard Garriott. Electronic Arts has owned the brand since 1992. The series had sold over 2 million copies by 1997.

Alongside Wizardry and Might and Magic, the Ultima series is considered to have established many norms of the computer role-playing game genre. Several games of the series are considered seminal in their genre. Their innovations, particularly in the early installments, were widely copied by other games.

The Ultima games are primarily within the scope of fantasy fiction but contain science fiction elements as well. They take place for the most part in a world called Britannia; the recurring hero is initially called the Stranger, until he attains the role of Avatar in Ultima IV and is known by that appellation from then on.