hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bertrand Layec
Bertrand Layec (French pronunciation: [bɛʁtʁɑ̃ lajɛk]; born 3 July 1965) is a former French football referee. He was registered as a Fédéral 1 referee in France meaning he is eligible to officiate Ligue 1 and Ligue 2 matches, as well as matches in the Coupe de France and Coupe de la Ligue. Layec refereed his first match in Ligue 1 in 1998 and, in 2002, became a FIFA official. He refereed his last match on the final day of the 2009–10 season and now serves as the president of the Direction Nationale de L'Arbitrage (English: National Leadership of Arbitration) (DNA). Layec is currently under investigation by the French justice system for defamation of character after distributing an abusive e-mail directed at Bruno Derrien, a former referee who  authored a controversial book directed at his profession.

At international level, Layec officiated at the 2007 FIFA U-17 World Cup, as well as Euro 2008 qualifiers and 2010 World Cup qualifiers.

Coupe de la Ligue
The Coupe de la Ligue (French pronunciation: [kup də la liɡ]), known outside France as the French League Cup, was a knockout cup competition in French football organized by the Ligue de Football Professionnel. The tournament was established in 1993 and, unlike the Coupe de France, was only open to professional clubs in France which play in country's top three football divisions, though the third is not fully professional.

The most successful team in the competition was Paris Saint-Germain with nine wins, including the last edition in 2019–20. The LFP voted to suspend the competition indefinitely to "reduce the season schedule".
2018 in Glory
The year 2018 was the seventh year in the history of Glory, an international kickboxing promotion. The year started with Glory 50: Chicago. The events were broadcast through television agreements with ESPN, Fight Network, and other regional channels around the world.

Rotterdam Ahoy
Rotterdam Ahoy (formerly known as Ahoy Rotterdam or simply as Ahoy) is a multi-purpose complex with a convention centre and an indoor arena located in Rotterdam, Netherlands. Opened originally in 1950, the current complex consists of three main venues: a fairs and events hall, a congress and conference centre, and the main venue the Ahoy Arena. The latter (informally known as the Sportpaleis, lit. 'Sport Palace') opened on 15 January 1971 and is the largest multi-purpose venue in the Netherlands, with a capacity of 16,426 as of May 2019.
Osborne's ligament
Osborne's ligament, also Osborne's band, Osborne's fascia, Osborne's arcade, arcuate ligament of Osborne, or the cubital tunnel retinaculum, refers to either the connective tissue which spans the humeral and ulnar heads of the flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) or another distinct tissue located between the olecranon process of the ulna and the medial epicondyle of the humerus. It is named after Geoffrey Vaughan Osborne, a British orthopedic surgeon, who described the eponymous tissue in 1957.

Process (anatomy)
In anatomy, a process (Latin: processus) is a projection or outgrowth of tissue from a larger body. For instance, in a vertebra, a process may serve for muscle attachment and leverage (as in the case of the transverse and spinous processes), or to fit (forming a synovial joint), with another vertebra (as in the case of the articular processes). The word is also used at the microanatomic level, where cells can have processes such as cilia or pedicels. Depending on the tissue, processes may also be called by other terms, such as apophysis, tubercle, or protuberance.
Saint James School of Medicine
Saint James School of Medicine (SJSM) is a private for-profit offshore medical school which had two basic science campuses,  one in  British Overseas Territory of Anguilla, and the other in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, it was considered one school with two campuses. Saint James confers upon its graduates the Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) degree. In 2024 Saint James School of Medicine decided to consolidate at its St. Vincent location and closed its location on Anguilla.

Offshore medical school
An offshore medical school is a medical school that caters "primarily to foreign (American and Canadian citizens) students, wishing to practice medicine in the US and Canada" according to the World Bank, compared to local schools that focus on their home nation. Such schools are chiefly located in the Caribbean basin, but also includes schools in other locations, such as Mexico (Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara School of Medicine) and Australia (University of Queensland Ochsner program), which run programs that target American students.
Ahmad Bahar (Palestinian politician)
Ahmad Mohammad Bahar (Arabic: أحمد بحر; 1949 – 17 November 2023) was a Palestinian politician who served as the first deputy speaker of the Palestinian Legislative Council (PLC) since his election to that post on 18 February 2006. Born in Gaza City, Palestine, he was a professor at the Islamic University of Gaza.

In 2012, he delivered a televised sermon in which he prayed for Allah to kill "the Jews and their supporters... [and] the Americans and their supporters... without leaving a single one". This statement has been characterized as incitement to genocide.

During the Gaza war he was fatally injured by an Israeli airstrike. He died from his wounds on 17 November 2023 at the age of 74.

Incitement to genocide
Incitement to genocide is a crime under international law which prohibits inciting (encouraging) the commission of genocide. An extreme form of hate speech, incitement to genocide is an inchoate offense and is theoretically subject to prosecution even if genocide does not occur, although charges have never been brought in an international court without mass violence having occurred. "Direct and public incitement to commit genocide" was forbidden by the Genocide Convention in 1948. Incitement to genocide is often cloaked in metaphor and euphemism and may take many forms beyond direct advocacy, including dehumanization and accusation in a mirror.
Tsarevna
Tsarevna (Russian: царевна, IPA: [t͡sɐˈrʲevnə]) was a title given to the daughters of tsars in Russia before the 18th century. The male equivalent was tsarevich.

All of them died unmarried with the exception of the daughters of Ivan V. Notably, his daughter Catherine married Karl Leopold of Mecklenburg-Schwerin.

Both tsarevna and tsarevich were replaced with grand duchess and grand duke (with tsesarevich given to the heir apparent).

Catherine Ivanovna of Russia
Tsarevna Catherine Ivanovna of Russia (Russian: Екате́рина Ива́новна, romanized: Yekaterina Ivanovna; 20 October 1691 – 14 June 1733) was a daughter of Ivan V of Russia by his wife Praskovia Saltykova. She was the eldest sister of Anna and a niece of Peter I. By her marriage, she was a duchess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin.
Kuru Kuru Kururin
Kuru Kuru Kururin is a puzzle top-down video game developed by Eighting and published by Nintendo for the Game Boy Advance (GBA). It was released in Japan on March 21, 2001, and in Europe and Australia on June 22 as a launch title. It was not released in North America until February 2016 via the Wii U's Virtual Console service. Kuru Kuru Kururin is the first title in the Kururin series and was followed by two Japan-only sequels, Kururin Paradise (2002) and Kururin Squash! (2004). The game was released on the Nintendo Classics service on February 8, 2023.

Video game graphics
A variety of computer graphic techniques have been used to display video game content throughout the history of video games. The predominance of individual techniques have evolved over time, primarily due to hardware advances and restrictions such as the processing power of central or graphics processing units.
Gwiazda Polski
Gwiazda Polski (The Star of Poland) was a balloon, which, according to the Polish planners, was going to reach the stratosphere, thus beating the 1930s high-altitude world record, established on November 11, 1935 by Albert William Stevens and Orvil Arson Anderson, in the Explorer II balloon. Stevens and Anderson ascended to the altitude of 22,066 m (72,395 feet), the Poles wanted to reach the altitude of 30 kilometers. Polish crew, consisting of Captain Zbigniew Burzynski and Doctor Konstanty Jodko-Narkiewicz, attempted the stratospheric flight in The Star of Poland on October 14, 1938 in the Tatra Mountains, but the balloon caught fire when it was less than 100 feet above the ground.

Balloon (aeronautics)
In aeronautics, a balloon is an unpowered aerostat, which remains aloft or floats due to its buoyancy. It may use hot air as a lifting gas, or it may use gas that is not air like hydrogen or helium. A balloon may be free, moving with the wind, or tethered to a fixed point. It is distinct from an airship, which is a powered aerostat that can propel itself through the air in a controlled manner.

Many balloons have a basket, gondola, or capsule suspended beneath the main envelope for carrying people or equipment (including cameras and telescopes, and flight-control mechanisms).
First Hooda ministry
INC secured absolute majority in  2005 Haryana Legislative Assembly election. Bhupinder Singh Hooda was elected leader of the party in the assembly and was sworn in as Chief Minister of Haryana in March 2005.

Here is the list of the ministers:

2005 Haryana Legislative Assembly election
The 2005 Haryana Legislative Assembly election was held on 3 February 2005, to elect the 90 members of the Haryana Legislative Assembly. Results were declared on 27 February 2005. Indian National Congress won 67 seats and formed the government.
Beach volleyball at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics – Boys' tournament
The boys' beach volleyball tournament at the 2014 Youth Olympic Games in Nanjing, China, took place between 17 and 27 August at Nanjing Olympic Sports Center.

Thirty-Six pairs were competing, the host country China withdrew their pair. Africa and Asia hosted a single qualification tournament while Europe created a Youth Continental Cup with different zonal stages ending with a final qualification tournament. South America created a six legged tour, though only five events were held where the six countries with the most points qualified and North, Central America and Caribbean hosted four zonal tournaments where the winners qualified to the Youth Olympics and a final tournament where the top two nations qualified. The remaining were Wild Cards.

To be eligible to participate at the Youth Olympics athletes must have been born between 1 January 1996 and 31 December 1999.

Confederación Sudamericana de Voleibol
The Confederación Sudamericana de Voleibol (CSV) (Portuguese: Confederação Sul-americana de Voleibol) is the continental governing body for the sports of volleyball in South America. Its headquarters is located in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Fractal compression
Fractal compression is a lossy compression method for digital images, based on fractals. The method is best suited for textures and natural images, relying on the fact that parts of an image often resemble other parts of the same image. Fractal algorithms convert these parts into mathematical data called "fractal codes" which are used to recreate the encoded image.

Digital image
A digital image is an image composed of picture elements, also known as pixels, each with finite, discrete quantities of numeric representation for its intensity or gray level that is an output from its two-dimensional functions fed as input by its spatial coordinates denoted with x, y on the x-axis and y-axis, respectively. An image can be vector or raster type. By itself, the term "digital image" usually refers to raster images or bitmapped images (as opposed to vector images).
The Maiden (film)
The Maiden is a 2022 Canadian drama film, written and directed by Graham Foy. The film stars Marcel T. Jiménez as Colton, a teenager coping with his grief after the death of his friend Kyle (Jackson Sluiter) in an accident, and Hayley Ness as Whitney, a classmate of theirs whose journal Colton finds in the ravine where Kyle died.

The film was included in the Next Step incubator program for emerging filmmakers at the 2022 Cannes Film Festival, and in the First Cut+ program at the 2022 Karlovy Vary Film Festival. At Karlovy Vary, it won the €5,000 First Cut+ TRT Award.

It had its world premiere in the Giornate degli Autori program at the 2022 Venice International Film Festival, on September 1, 2022, and its North American premiere in the Contemporary World Cinema lineup at the 2022 Toronto International Film Festival. The film was later shown at the Pittsburgh Contemporary Film Fest in April 2025.

2022 Cannes Film Festival
The 75th annual Cannes Film Festival is a film festival that took place from 17 to 28 May 2022. French actor Vincent Lindon served as jury president for the main competition. French actress Virginie Efira hosted the opening and closing ceremonies.

Swedish filmmaker Ruben Östlund won the Palme d'Or, the festival's top prize, for a second time with the comedy-drama film Triangle of Sadness. The Honorary Palme d'Or was awarded to American actors Forest Whitaker and Tom Cruise, the latter on short notice during the international premiere of Top Gun: Maverick.

The official poster for the festival was designed as a homage to The Truman Show (1998), the film was also selected for the Cinéma de la Plage section.

The festival opened with Final Cut by Michel Hazanavicius. The edition also marked the festival's return to its full spectator capacity after the disruption in its previous two year's editions due to COVID-19 restrictions in France.
Gael Linn Cup 1978
The 1978 Gael Linn Cup, the most important representative competition for elite level participants in the women's team field sport of camogie, was won by Leinster, who defeated Connacht in the final, played at Na Fianna, Glasnevin. In 1978 the competition was staged at both senior and junior level for the first time. It was also the first time that the semi-finals and finals were played together on consecutive days. It was the last Gael Linn final to be played with the points bar, an eccentric carry-over from the rules of the game as amended by Congress in 1929.

Connacht GAA
Connacht GAA (Irish: Cumann Lúthchleas Gael Chonnacht) or formally the Connacht Provincial Council of the Gaelic Athletic Association is the governing body for Gaelic games that are played in the province of Connacht, Ireland. It performs a supervisory and appeal role for the five County Boards within the province (listed below). Anomalously, it also exercises its functions for an additional two county boards that are not located in the province: London and New York. Teams from these administrative areas play in the Connacht Senior Football Championship.
Chris Milk
Chris Milk (born 1975 or 1976) is an American entrepreneur, filmmaker, music video director, and immersive artist. He is co-founder and CEO of Within (Virtual Reality) (formerly Vrse), a virtual reality technology company, and co-founder of Here Be Dragons (formerly Vrse.works), a virtual reality production company. Milk began his career directing music videos and commercials, and in subsequent years became best known for bridging the gap between emerging technologies and new mediums for storytelling.

Gnarls Barkley
Gnarls Barkley is an American soul duo composed of singer-songwriter CeeLo Green and producer Danger Mouse. They released their debut studio album, St. Elsewhere, in 2006. It contained their hit single "Crazy", which peaked at number two on the US Hot 100 and topped the UK Singles Chart. It was nominated at the 2007 Grammy Awards for Record of the Year, and was platinum certified for shipping over 1,000,000 records. St. Elsewhere also received a nomination for Album of the Year. Their second studio album, The Odd Couple, was scheduled for release in April 2008, but due to a leak of the album over the internet, they decided to release it early. The album in its entirety received similarly positive reviews.
2022 United States House of Representatives elections in Kentucky
The 2022 United States House of Representatives elections in Kentucky were held on November 8, 2022, to elect the six U.S. representatives from the state of Kentucky, one from each of the state's six congressional districts. The elections coincided with other elections to the House of Representatives, elections to the United States Senate and various state and local elections.

Morgan McGarvey
John Morgan McGarvey (born December 23, 1979) is an American attorney and politician serving as the U.S. representative for Kentucky's 3rd congressional district since 2023. A member of the Democratic Party, he represented the 19th district in the Kentucky Senate from 2012 to 2023. In 2018, he was elected minority leader, becoming one of the youngest members of a state legislature to serve in a leadership role. He is currently the only Democrat in Kentucky's congressional delegation.
Ndèye Ndiaye
Ndèye Ndiaye (born 2 May 1979 in Dakar) is a Senegalese professional women's basketball player with Tarbes GB of the Ligue Féminine de Basketball. Ndiaye is an alumnus of Southern Nazarene University in Oklahoma, USA.

She is a regular on the Senegal women's national basketball team.

Ligue Féminine de Basketball
The Ligue Féminine de Basketball (LFB; Women's Basketball League) is the top women's French professional basketball league. The LFB authorities announced that the championship is renamed La Boulangère Wonderligue (LBWL) as for the seasons 2024-2025 to 2026-2027.
Paul David Harbour
Paul David Harbour (born May 24, 1965) is an American bass guitar and guitar player, pianist and composer. He is recognised for his work with David T. Chastain, Michael Harris and Tony MacAlpine. He has played in the bands "Leather", "Chastain" and "King Diamond". He teaches bass guitar, guitar and piano.

Chris Squire
Christopher Russell Edward Squire (4 March 1948 – 27 June 2015) was an English musician, singer and songwriter best known as the bassist and backing vocalist of the progressive rock band Yes. He was the longest-serving original member, having remained in the band until his death. In 2017, he was posthumously inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Yes.

Squire was widely regarded as the dominant bassist among the English progressive rock bands, influencing peers and later generations of bassists with his incisive sound and elaborately contoured, melodic bass lines. His name was associated with his trademark instrument, the Rickenbacker 4001 (British model RM1999). From 1991 to 2000, Rickenbacker produced a limited-edition signature model bass in his name, the 4001CS.
Hippolyt Kempf
Hippolyt Kempf (born 10 December 1965, in Lucerne) is a Swiss Nordic combined skier who competed during the late 1980s and early 1990s.

He won a complete set of Olympic medals, earning two of them at the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary (gold: 15 km individual, silver: 3 x 10 km team) and the third at the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer (bronze: 3 x 10 km team).

Kempf also earned a 3 x 10 km team silver medal at the 1989 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in Lahti.

FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 1989
The FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 1989 took place 17–26 February 1989 in Lahti, Finland, for a record fifth time (1926, 1938, 1958, 1978). The women's 5 km was not held after being reintroduced in the previous championships. These championships featured separate races of men's 15 km and women's 10 km both in the classical technique and in the freestyle technique. Additionally, the women's 15 km event debuted and the women's 20 km event was lengthened to 30 km.
Kulturpreis des Landes Oberösterreich
The Kulturpreis des Landes Oberösterreich (Culture Prize of the Province of Upper Austria) is awarded as a prize by the Province of Upper Austria. The prize is endowed with 7,500 euros and is awarded annually in several categories.

Upper Austria
Upper Austria (German: Oberösterreich [ˈoːbɐˌ(ʔ)øːstɐraɪç] ⓘ; Bavarian: Obaöstareich; Czech: Horní Rakousy [ˈɦorɲiː ˈrakousɪ]) is one of the nine states of Austria. Its capital is Linz. Upper Austria borders Germany and the Czech Republic, as well as the other Austrian states of Lower Austria, Styria, and Salzburg. With an area of 11,982 km2 (4,626 sq mi) and 1.49 million inhabitants, Upper Austria is the fourth-largest Austrian state by land area and the third-largest by population.
Freedom Highways campaign
Freedom Highways campaign, or Freedom Highways project, was a 1962 project by Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) to seek racial desegregation of hotels and restaurants located in U.S. states along the southeastern seaboard.  After the Freedom Rides campaign during 1961 to integrate interstate and intrastate travel and terminals in the southern United States, the organization sought to apply the same tactic of nonviolence and direct action towards hotels and restaurants from Maryland down to Florida.

Desegregation in the United States
Desegregation is the process of ending the separation of two groups, usually referring to races. Desegregation is typically measured by the index of dissimilarity, allowing researchers to determine whether desegregation efforts are having impact on the settlement patterns of various groups. This is most commonly used in reference to the United States. Desegregation was long a focus of the American civil rights movement, both before and after the US Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education, particularly desegregation of the school systems and the military. Racial integration of society was a closely related goal.
Reading F.C. Under-23s and Academy
The Reading Academy refers to the development teams of Reading Football Club. The club takes part in the Professional Development League system, with the Under-21 competing in the Premier League 2, and the Under-18 competing in the Professional U18 Development League - South.

Under the old youth training scheme, the club produced a number of first team players including Ady Williams, Scott Taylor and future England international Neil Webb. Since the Academy opened in 1999, 91 graduates have gone on to play first team football for Reading including Gylfi Sigurðsson, who was later sold for a club record transfer fee.

Alex Pearce (footballer, born 1988)
Alexander James Pearce (born 9 November 1988) is a former professional footballer who played as a centre back. He made two international appearances for the Scotland under-21 team but has played for the Republic of Ireland at full international level.
The Irascibles
The Irascibles or Irascible 18 were the labels given to a group of American abstract artists who put name to an open letter, written in 1950, to the president of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, rejecting the museum's exhibition American Painting Today - 1950 and boycotting the accompanying competition. The subsequent media coverage of the protest and a now iconic group photograph that appeared in Life magazine gave them notoriety, popularized the term Abstract Expressionist and established them as the so-called first generation of the putative movement.

Cultural icon
A cultural icon is a person or an artifact that is identified by members of a culture as representative of that culture. The process of identification is subjective, and "icons" are judged by the extent to which they can be seen as an authentic symbol of that culture. When individuals perceive a cultural icon, they relate it to their general perceptions of the cultural identity represented. Cultural icons can also be identified as an authentic representation of the practices of one culture by another.

In popular culture and elsewhere, the term "iconic" is used to describe a wide range of people, places, and things. Some commentators believe that the word "iconic" is overused.