hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
DNA adenine methylase
DNA adenine methylase, (Dam) (also site-specific DNA-methyltransferase (adenine-specific), EC 2.1.1.72, modification methylase, restriction-modification system) is an enzyme that adds a methyl group to the adenine of the sequence 5'-GATC-3' in newly synthesized DNA. Immediately after DNA synthesis, the daughter strand remains unmethylated for a short time. It is an orphan methyltransferase that is not part of a restriction-modification system and regulates gene expression. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

S-adenosyl-L-methionine + DNA adenine  S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + DNA 6-methylaminopurine

This is a large group of enzymes unique to prokaryotes and bacteriophages.

The E. coli DNA adenine methyltransferase enzyme (Dam), is widely used for the chromatin profiling technique DamID, in which the Dam is fused to a DNA-binding protein of interest and expressed as a transgene in a genetically tractable model organism to identify protein binding sites.

DNA adenine methyltransferase identification
DNA adenine methyltransferase identification, often abbreviated DamID, is a molecular biology protocol used to map the binding sites of DNA- and chromatin-binding proteins in eukaryotes. DamID identifies binding sites by expressing the proposed DNA-binding protein as a fusion protein with DNA methyltransferase. Binding of the protein of interest to DNA localizes the methyltransferase in the region of the binding site. Adenine methylation does not occur naturally in eukaryotes and therefore adenine methylation in any region can be concluded to have been caused by the fusion protein, implying the region is located near a binding site. DamID is an alternate method to ChIP-on-chip or ChIP-seq.
Shamrock IV
Shamrock IV was a yacht owned by Sir Thomas Lipton and designed by Charles Ernest Nicholson. She was the unsuccessful challenger in the 1920 America's Cup. While the boat was launched in 1914, and soon towed across the Atlantic by Lipton's boat Erin, she was soon dry docked due to World War I. Shamrock IV was known as the 'ugly duckling' due to its scow-like bow.

The boat was considerably faster than the defender, Resolute, and owed seven minutes under the newly instated Universal rule.

While Shamrock IV lost the America's Cup, it was a public sensation. Lipton allowed tours after the last race, and reportedly 35,000 people walked aboard during a three-day period.

Scow
A scow is a smaller type of barge. Some scows are rigged as sailing scows. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, scows carried cargo in coastal waters and inland waterways, having an advantage for navigating shallow water or small harbours. Scows were in common use in the American Great Lakes and other parts of the U.S., Canada, southern England, and New Zealand. In modern times their main recreational purpose is for racing, but the hull type is widely used in the construction industry and as garbage scows for aquatic transport of refuse.
Indispensable (1791 ship)
Indispensable was a sailing ship built in France and launched in 1791. She was captured in 1793 at the outbreak of the French Revolutionary Wars and thus came into British hands, keeping her name (occasionally reported as Indispensable). She performed two voyages for the British East India Company (EIC) between 1793 and 1797. During this period and later she made two voyages transporting convicts to New South Wales. Amongst her notable events were the discovery of Indispensable Strait (1794), the capture of a Spanish vessel (1798), and the rescue of some castaways (1814). She later went on serve as a whaler in the South Seas until autumn 1827. She ceased trading after this last voyage and was broken up by April 1830.

Convict
A convict is "a person found guilty of a crime and sentenced by a court" or "a person serving a sentence in prison". Convicts are often also known as "prisoners" or "inmates" or by the slang term "con", while a common label for former convicts, especially those recently released from prison, is "ex-con" ("ex-convict"). Persons convicted and sentenced to non-custodial sentences tend not to be described as "convicts".

The label of "ex-convict" usually has lifelong implications, such as social stigma or reduced opportunities for employment. The federal government of Australia, for instance, will not, in general, employ an ex-convict, while some state and territory governments may limit the time for or before which a former convict may be employed.
1993 US Open – Men's doubles
The men's doubles tournament at the 1993 US Open was held from August 30 to September 12, 1993, on the outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City, United States. Ken Flach and Rick Leach won the title, defeating Karel Nováček and Martin Damm in the final.

This was the first US Open edition to play best-of-three sets matches in all rounds. Until 1992 from the quarterfinals onwards men's doubles were played best-of-five sets.

Martin Damm
Martin Damm Sr. (born 1 August 1972) is a former professional tennis player from the Czech Republic. He is best known as a doubles player (his highest ranking being No. 5 in the world in April 2007). His highest singles ranking was No. 42 in August 1997. Damm won a total of 40 titles in doubles, including one Grand Slam title. He reached five singles finals. He played his last tournament in September 2011 at the US Open (with Radek Štěpánek) and lost to Colin Fleming and Ross Hutchins 6–3, 6–3.
2005 Italian Formula Three Championship
The 2005 Italian Formula Three Championship was the 41st Italian Formula Three Championship season. It began on 17 April at Adria and ended on 23 October at Misano after twelve races.

Luigi Ferrara of Corbetta Competizioni finished almost all races on podium position, including three wins at Imola, Monza and Misano to clinch the title. He finished nine points clear of Team Ghinzani driver Alexander Müller, who won race at Vallelunga, a race at Imola, both races at Mugello, race at Adria and the season-ending race at Misano. Third place went to Lucidi Motors driver Paolo Maria Nocera, who took three victories at Adria, Varano and Monza.

Misano World Circuit
The Misano World Circuit (officially known as Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli or Misano Circuit Sic 58, and before 2006 called Circuito Internazionale Santa Monica Misano) is a 4.226 km (2.626 mi) race track located next to the town of Misano Adriatico (Province of Rimini) in the frazione of Santa Monica-Cella. Originally designed in 1969 as a length of 3.488 km (2.167 mi), it hosted its first event in 1972. In 1993, the track length was increased to 4.064 km (2.525 mi).

As of 2007, it began hosting the San Marino and Rimini Riviera motorcycle Grand Prix as part of the MotoGP World Championship.

In 2012, the track was renamed to commemorate Marco Simoncelli, a local motorcycle racer who died in 2011.
Biswendra Paswan
Vishwendra Paswan (Nepali: विश्वेन्द्र पासवान) is a Nepalese politician and human rights activist. He was the chairman of the Dalit Janajati Party. He is the president of the Bahujan Shakti Party and an avowed Ambedkarite. He was a member of the Nepalese Constituent Assembly. He served as Minister of Science, Technology, Environment and Population, Govt. of Nepal. He belongs to Dalit community, and follows Buddhism.

Vishwendra Paswan is known as the "Ambedkar of Nepal".

In the 2008 Constituent Assembly election, the Dalit Janajati Party won 1 seat through the Proportional Representation vote. The party selected Paswan as its representative in the assembly.

2008 Nepalese Constituent Assembly election
Constituent Assembly elections were held in Nepal on 10 April 2008, having been postponed from earlier dates of 7 June 2007 and 22 November 2007. The Constituent Assembly was planned to draft a new constitution and therefore decide, amongst other things, on the issue of federalism. The number of eligible voters was around 17.5 million. The Constituent Assembly was originally set to have a term of two years.

The Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) (CPN (M)), placed first in the election with 220 out of 575 elected seats, and became the largest party in the Constituent Assembly. It was followed by the Nepali Congress with 110 seats and the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist) with 103 seats. After months of power-sharing discussions and deliberations, CPN (M) Chairman Prachanda was elected as Prime Minister in August 2008. Due to its failure in drafting a new constitution, the CA was dissolved on 28 May 2012 after its original and extended total tenure of 4 years.
Bikash Sinha
Bikash Sinha (16 June 1945 – 11 August 2023) was an Indian physicist who was active in the fields of nuclear physics and high energy physics. Sinha was the director of the Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics and Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre and the chairman of the Board of Governors of the National Institute of Technology, Durgapur in June 2005. He was also a member of scientific advisory board to the Prime Minister of India.

Nuclear physics
Nuclear physics is the field of physics that studies atomic nuclei and their constituents and interactions, in addition to the study of other forms of nuclear matter.

Nuclear physics should not be confused with atomic physics, which studies the atom as a whole, including its electrons.

Discoveries in nuclear physics have led to applications in many fields such as nuclear power, nuclear weapons, nuclear medicine and magnetic resonance imaging, industrial and agricultural isotopes, ion implantation in materials engineering, and radiocarbon dating in geology and archaeology. Such applications are studied in the field of nuclear engineering.

Particle physics evolved out of nuclear physics and the two fields are typically taught in close association. Nuclear astrophysics, the application of nuclear physics to astrophysics, is crucial in explaining the inner workings of stars and the origin of the chemical elements.
Nomada fucata
Nomada fucata, the painted nomad bee, is a species of bee in the family Apidae.
The species is distributed over all of Europe and to parts of central Asia. The host of this species is Andrena flavipes.

Andrena
Andrena is a genus of bees in the family Andrenidae. With over 1,500 species, it is one of the largest genera of animals. It is a strongly monophyletic group that is difficult to split into more manageable divisions; currently, Andrena is organized into 104 subgenera. It is nearly worldwide in distribution, with the notable exceptions of Oceania and South America. Bees in this genus are commonly known as mining bees due to their ground-nesting lifestyle.
Chartered mark
In the US, a chartered mark is a trademark or service mark which is given special statutory protection separate from the usual registration of trade marks and service marks.  A chartered mark, in effect, is a type of trademark/servicemark in which the organization is granted the mark "by charter", i.e. by express grant of the legislature.  When an organization is granted a chartered mark, no one else may use the same mark at all for any purpose.  (There are possible exceptions for organizations using the same or a similar mark before it was chartered.)

Examples of chartered marks in the United States include FDIC for the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation; Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts for the Boy Scouts of America and the Girl Scouts of the USA, respectively; and Olympic for the United States Olympic Committee.

Charter
A charter is the grant of authority or rights, stating that the granter formally recognizes the prerogative of the recipient to exercise the rights specified. It is implicit that the granter retains superiority (or sovereignty), and that the recipient admits a limited (or inferior) status within the relationship, and it is within that sense that charters were historically granted, and it is that sense which is retained in modern usage of the term. In early medieval Britain, charters transferred land from donors to recipients.

The word entered the English language from the Old French charte, via Latin charta, and ultimately from Greek χάρτης (khartes, meaning "layer of papyrus"). It has come to be synonymous with a document that sets out a grant of rights or privileges.
Marvin Gaye: Live in Montreux 1980
Marvin Gaye: Live in Montreux 1980 is a taped performance of singer Marvin Gaye's performance at the Montreux Jazz Festival, recorded on July 17, 1980. Gaye included this performance as part of a European tour. Gaye performs a majority of his hits from his recent disco-funk hits "Got to Give It Up" and "A Funky Space Reincarnation", to his duet hits with Tammi Terrell including "Ain't No Mountain High Enough" and "Ain't Nothing Like the Real Thing", in which Gaye re-interpolated the songs as a somber tribute to Terrell, who died over a decade before, to sixties Motown classics such as "I'll Be Doggone", "Ain't That Peculiar", "How Sweet It Is (To Be Loved By You)" and "I Heard It through the Grapevine", to seventies standards such as "What's Going On", "Trouble Man" and "Let's Get It On". The Montreux set was later released as a CD/DVD in 2003.

Montreux Jazz Festival
The Montreux Jazz Festival (formerly Festival de Jazz Montreux and Festival International de Jazz Montreux) is a music festival in Switzerland, held annually in early July in Montreux on the Lake Geneva shoreline. It is the second-largest annual jazz festival in the world after Canada's Montreal International Jazz Festival.

Initiator and head organizer Claude Nobs brought an array of artists to Montreux. Mathieu Jaton has organised the festival since Nobs' death in 2013.
Doni River
The Doni river (Karnataka) (Kannada: ದೋಣಿ) flows eastwards from the area around Sangli in Maharashtra near Karnataka border and Most of its course is within North Karnataka in the districts of Belgaum, Bijapur and Kalaburagi. It joins the Krishna to the southwest of the town of Talikote. It is a
sub river of Krishna and its confluence with Krishna river is at Talikote. Sudden flash floods occur in the rainy season near Katnalli and Basavana Bagewadi.

It is prone to irregular flooding. The water is not suitable for use even for washing.

Kalaburagi district
Kalaburagi district, formerly known as Gulbarga district, is one of the 31 districts of Karnataka state in southern India. Kalaburagi city is the administrative headquarters of the district. The district is the headquarters of Kalaburagi division.

This district is situated in north Karnataka between 76°.04' and 77°.42 east longitude, and 17°.12' and 17°.46' north latitude, covering an area of 10,951 km2. This district is bounded on the west by Bijapur district and Solapur district of Maharashtra state, on the north by Bidar district and Osmanabad district of Maharashtra state, on the south by Yadgir district, and on the east by Sangareddy and Vikarabad districts of Telangana state.
Mineral physics
Mineral physics is the science of materials that compose the interior of planets, particularly the Earth. It overlaps with petrophysics, which focuses on whole-rock properties. It provides information that allows interpretation of surface measurements of seismic waves, gravity anomalies, geomagnetic fields and electromagnetic fields in terms of properties in the deep interior of the Earth. This information can be used to provide insights into plate tectonics, mantle convection, the geodynamo and related phenomena.

Laboratory work in mineral physics require high pressure measurements. The most common tool is a diamond anvil cell, which uses diamonds to put a small sample under pressure that can approach the conditions in the Earth's interior.

Dynamo theory
In physics, the dynamo theory proposes a mechanism by which a celestial body such as Earth or a star generates a magnetic field. The dynamo theory describes the process through which a rotating, convecting, and electrically conducting fluid can maintain a magnetic field over astronomical time scales.  A dynamo is thought to be the source of the Earth's magnetic field and the magnetic fields of Mercury and the Jovian planets.
2026 United States Women's Curling Championship
The 2026 United States Women's Curling Championship is being held from February 23 to March 1 at the Bojangles Coliseum in Charlotte, North Carolina. The event is held in conjunction with the 2026 United States Men's Curling Championship. The winning rink will represent the United States at the 2026 World Women's Curling Championship at the Markin MacPhail Centre in Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

Bojangles Coliseum
Bojangles Coliseum, originally Charlotte Coliseum and formerly Independence Arena and Cricket Arena, is a 10,829-seat multi-purpose arena located in Charlotte, North Carolina. It is operated by the Charlotte Regional Visitors Authority, which also oversees nearby Ovens Auditorium and the uptown Charlotte Convention Center. The naming-rights sponsor is the Bojangles restaurant chain. The building's signature domed roof is made of tin, rather than steel or iron. The dome spans 332 feet in diameter and rises to 112 feet tall.
Tony Palladino
Antonio Paul Palladino (born 29 June 1983), known as Tony Palladino, is an English professional cricketer. He is a right-handed batsman and a right-arm medium-pace bowler.

He played for Essex and Derbyshire County Cricket Club between 2003 and 2020.

A popular player with colleagues and the cricket community, he was not re-engaged by Derbyshire following the end of the 2020 season when the Covid pandemic hit the world of sport quite severely. Palladino subsequently left Derbyshire by mutual agreement. He had been the county's leading wicket taker over the 2018–2019 seasons and had been the mainstay of the county bowling attack for a number of years.

Since leaving Derbyshire, he has been Professional / 1st Team Coach (Level 3 Coach) at South Wingfield Cricket Club where promotion to the Derbyshire County Division One has been achieved one year after his arrival (52 wickets @12.4 www.play-cricket.com) and coaches junior cricket at Brailsford & Ednaston Cricket Club in Derbyshire.

Essex County Cricket Club
Essex County Cricket Club is one of eighteen first-class county clubs within the domestic cricket structure of England and Wales. It represents the historic county of Essex.

Founded in 1876, the club had minor county status until 1894 when it was promoted to first-class status pending its entry into the County Championship in 1895. Since then, the team has played in every top-level domestic cricket competition in England.

Essex currently play all their home games at the County Cricket Ground, Chelmsford. The club has formerly used other venues throughout the county including Lower Castle Park in Colchester, Valentines Park in Ilford, Leyton Cricket Ground, the Gidea Park Sports Ground in Romford, and Garon Park and Southchurch Park, both in Southend.

The limited overs team has previously been known as the Essex Eagles but now play simply as Essex.
Sundae Town
Sundae Town (Korean: 순대마을) is an area of Seoul, South Korea in the Sillim-dong division of the city. Sundae Town is known for a style of South Korean street food called sundae bokkeum and involves stuffing dangmyeon (noodles) and vegetables mixed with pigs blood into sausage-like casings. The 'sausages' are then steamed and have a similar consistency to black pudding or other similar blood sausage products.

The area's origins date from a sundae bokkeum restaurant in Sillim market.  The market was replaced in the early 1990s by a shopping center but many restaurants continue the tradition and as of 2019, there were thirty restaurants serving it.

Sundae (sausage)
Sundae (Korean: 순대; pronounced [sun.dɛ], sometimes anglicized as soondae) is a type of blood sausage in Korean cuisine. It is a popular street food in both North and South Korea, generally made by steaming cow or pig's intestines stuffed with various ingredients.
Xanthoteras teres
Xanthoteras teres (formerly Trigonapsis teres), the ball-tipped gall wasp, is a species of cynipid wasp that produces galls on oak trees in Oregon and California in North America. The wasp oviposits on the leaves of Oregon oaks and leather oaks, resulting in a somewhat Suessian gall that has an upright stalk topped by a fuzzy ball. The species was first described by Lewis Hart Weld in 1926.

Ovipositor
The ovipositor is  a tube-like organ used by some animals, especially insects, for the laying of eggs. In insects, an ovipositor consists of a maximum of three pairs of appendages.  The details and morphology of the ovipositor vary, but typically its form is adapted to functions such as preparing a place for the egg, transmitting the egg, and then placing it properly.  For most insects, the organ is used merely to attach the egg to some surface, but for many parasitic species (primarily in wasps and other Hymenoptera), it is a piercing organ as well.

Some ovipositors only retract partly when not in use, and the basal part that sticks out is known as the scape, or more specifically oviscape, the word scape deriving from the Latin word scāpus, meaning "stalk" or "shaft".
Pyrola grandiflora
Pyrola grandiflora (pronunciation (US)ⓘ, commonly known as Arctic wintergreen  or largeflowered wintergreen, is a hardy perennial evergreen subshrub in the family Ericaceae. It is widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere from temperate to tundra-like climates.

Ericaceae
The Ericaceae (/ˌɛrɪˈkeɪsi.aɪ, -iː/) are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the heath or heather family, found most commonly in acidic and infertile growing conditions. The family is large, with about 4,250 known species spread across 124 genera, making it the 14th most speciose family of flowering plants. The many well known and economically important members of the Ericaceae include the cranberry, blueberry, huckleberry, rhododendron (including azaleas), and various common heaths and heathers (Erica, Cassiope, Daboecia, and Calluna for example).
Cupulospongia
Cupulospongia is an extinct genus of sea sponges from the Cretaceous of France.

C. elegans is vase shaped with a stout stalk. It is known from the sponge beds at Barrou, France.

The taxonomic position of the genus is unclear. Cupulospongia rimosa Roemer, 1864 is classified in Theonellidae while Cupulospongia tenuis Roemer, 1864 is in Azoricidae, both Demospongiae in the order Tetractinellida.

Theonellidae
Theonellidae is a family of sponges belonging to the order Tetractinellida, which was first described by Robert von Lendenfeld in 1903.

Theonella conica is known for hyperaccumulation of molybdenum due to the action of an endosymbiont microbe, Entotheonella sp.