hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Brookings, South Dakota
Brookings is a city in and the county seat of Brookings County, South Dakota, United States. It is located 60 miles (97 km) north of the state’s largest city, Sioux Falls. The population was 23,377 at the 2020 census, making it the fourth most populous city in South Dakota, and was estimated to be 24,312 in 2023. It is home to South Dakota State University, the state's largest institution of higher education. Also in Brookings are the South Dakota Art Museum, the Children's Museum of South Dakota, the annual Brookings Summer Arts Festival, and the headquarters of several manufacturing companies and agricultural operations.

Pre-kindergarten
Pre-kindergarten (also called pre-K or PK) is a voluntary classroom-based preschool program for children below the age of five in the United States, Canada, Turkey and Greece (when kindergarten starts). It may be delivered through a preschool or within a reception year in elementary school. Pre-kindergartens play an important role in early childhood education. They have existed in the US since 1922, normally run by private organizations. The U.S. Head Start program, the country's first federally funded pre-kindergarten program, was founded in 1967. This attempts to prepare children (especially disadvantaged children) to succeed in school.
Söderköping Municipality
Söderköping Municipality (Swedish: Söderköpings kommun) is a municipality in Östergötland County in southeast Sweden. Its seat is located in the city of Söderköping.

The present municipality was created in 1971-1973 when the former City of Söderköping in two steps was amalgamated with three surrounding rural municipalities.

Statistics Sweden
Statistics Sweden (Swedish: Statistiska centralbyrån [staˈtɪ̌sːtɪska sɛnˈtrɑ̂ːlˌbyːrɔn] ⓘ; SCB, lit. 'Central Bureau of Statistics') is the Swedish government agency operating under the Ministry of Finance and responsible for producing official statistics for decision-making, debate and research. The agency's responsibilities include:

developing, producing and disseminating statistics;

active participation in international statistical cooperation;

coordination and support of the Swedish system for official statistics, which includes 26 authorities responsible for official statistics in their areas of expertise.

National statistics in Sweden date back to 1686 when the parishes of the Church of Sweden were ordered to start keeping records on the population. SCB's predecessor, the Tabellverket ("office for tabulation"), was set up in 1749, and the current name was adopted in 1858.
United States District Court for the Eastern District of North Carolina
The United States District Court for the Eastern District of North Carolina (in case citations, E.D.N.C.) is the United States district court that serves the eastern 44 counties in North Carolina. Appeals from the Eastern District of North Carolina are taken to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit (except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit).

Tucker Act
The Tucker Act (March 3, 1887, ch. 359, 24 Stat. 505, 28 U.S.C. § 1491) is a federal statute of the United States by which the United States government has waived its sovereign immunity with respect to certain lawsuits.

The Tucker Act may be divided into the "Big" Tucker Act, which applies to claims above $10,000 and gives jurisdiction to the United States Court of Federal Claims, and the "Little" Tucker Act (28 U.S.C. § 1346), the current version of which gives concurrent jurisdiction to the Court of Federal Claims and the District Courts "for the recovery of any internal-revenue tax alleged to have been erroneously or illegally assessed or collected, or any penalty claimed to have been collected without authority or any sum alleged to have been excessive or in any manner wrongfully collected under the internal-revenue laws", and for claims below $10,000.
New Zealand's Got Talent series 2
The second series of New Zealand's Got Talent aired on TV One on 9 September 2012 and ended on 2 December 2012. The series was won by 15-year-old singer-songwriter Clara van Wel from Blenheim who performed her own song "Where Do You Find Love?". 11-year-old singer Jessie Hillel from Wellington was the runner-up, with 17-year-old singer-songwriter Evan Sinton from Auckland in third place.

Contestants competed for the grand prize of NZ$100,000 cash and a 2013 Toyota Corolla car. In addition, winner Clara van Wel was signed to Sony Music New Zealand, with a single of "Where Do You Find Love?" due to be released five days after she was announced the winner, and an album scheduled for February 2013.

In April 2013, Sony Music New Zealand released runner-up Jessie Hillel's full-length debut album With Love, which peaked at number three in the New Zealand Top 40 and number two in the New Zealand Top 20 charts.

Ali Campbell
Alistair Ian Campbell (born 15 February 1959) is an English singer and songwriter who was lead singer and co-founder of the British reggae band UB40.

UB40 sold more than 70 million records worldwide and toured for 30 years with the original line-up of the band. In 2008 Campbell and keyboard-player Mickey Virtue left UB40 due to a dispute with band management and teamed up in a new band. In August 2014, Campbell announced he had reunited with former UB40 bandmate Astro, who also left due to management disputes and the musical direction of the band. Campbell then formed a new UB40 featuring the three bandmates.
Abderrazak Kilani
Abderrazak Kilani (Tunisian Arabic: عبد الرزاق الكيلاني; born 25 June 1954) is a Tunisian politician and lawyer. In 2010 and during the Tunisian Revolution, he was the chairman of the National Bar of Lawyers In 2012, he served as the Deputy Prime Minister for Relations With the Constituent Assembly under Prime Minister Hamadi Jebali. Since 2013, he has been Ambassador of Tunisia to the United Nations.
In October 20, 2020, Prime Minister Hichem Mechichi decided to appoint Abderrazak Kilani as President of the General Authority of Resisters, Martyrs and Wounded of the Revolution and Terrorist Operations, a Prime Ministry press release announces.

Hamadi Jebali
Hamadi Jebali (Arabic: حمادي الجبالي, Ḥammādī al-Jibālī; born 12 January 1949) is a Tunisian engineer, politician, and journalist who was Prime Minister of Tunisia from December 2011 to March 2013. He was the Secretary-General of the Ennahda Movement, a moderate Islamic party in Tunisia, until he left his party in December 2014 in the course of the 2014 Tunisian presidential election.
Neonauclea
Neonauclea is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It comprises about 71 species.
Neonauclea is a genus of shrubs and trees They are indigenous to China, India, Southeast Asia, Wallacea, New Guinea and Australia.

Neonauclea was named in 1915 by Elmer Drew Merrill. The generic name is derived from the related genus Nauclea and the Greek word neos, meaning "new".

The biological type for Neonauclea consists of those specimens that Merrill called Neonauclea obtusa. These are now included in Neonauclea excelsa.

The circumscription of Neonauclea is uncertain. Molecular phylogenetic studies indicate that some related genera are probably embedded in it.

Wallacea
Wallacea /wɒˈleɪsiə/ is a biogeographical designation for a group of mainly Indonesian islands separated by deep-water straits from the Asian and Australian continental shelves. Wallacea includes Sulawesi, the largest island in the group, as well as Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Sumba, and Timor. The islands of Wallacea lie between the Sunda Shelf (the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, and Java) to the west, and the Sahul Shelf, including Australia, New Guinea, and Maluku islands to the south and east. The total land area of Wallacea is 347,000 km2 (134,000 sq mi).
Qatar at the 2022 World Games
Qatar competed at the 2022 World Games held in Birmingham, United States from 7 to 17 July 2022. Athletes representing Qatar won one silver medal and the country finished in 63rd place in the medal table.

2022 World Games
The 2022 World Games, also known as Birmingham 2022,  were an international multi-sport event held from July 7 to 17, 2022, in Birmingham, Alabama, United States. They were the 11th World Games, a multi-sport event featuring disciplines of Olympic sports and other competitions that are not currently contested at the Olympic Games; the Games featured 3,457 athletes competing in 223 medal events over 34 total sports.

They were originally scheduled to be held from July 29 to August 8, 2021, but were postponed by one year due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the postponement of the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo to 2021. They were the second edition of the World Games to be hosted by the United States since their inaugural edition in 1981.
Intermediate uveitis
Intermediate uveitis is a form of uveitis localized to the vitreous and peripheral retina. Intermediate uveitis may either be an isolated eye disease or associated with the development of a systemic disease such as multiple sclerosis or sarcoidosis. As such, intermediate uveitis may be the first expression of a systemic condition. Infectious causes of intermediate uveitis include Epstein–Barr virus infection, Lyme disease, HTLV-1 virus infection, cat scratch disease, and hepatitis C.

Permanent loss of vision is most commonly seen in patients with chronic cystoid macular edema (CME). Every effort must be made to eradicate CME when present. Other less common causes of visual loss include retinal detachment, glaucoma, band keratopathy, cataract, vitreous hemorrhage, epiretinal membrane and choroidal neovascularization.

Choroidal neovascularization
Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is the creation of new blood vessels in the choroid layer of the eye. Choroidal neovascularization is a common cause of neovascular degenerative maculopathy (i.e. 'wet' macular degeneration) commonly exacerbated by extreme myopia, malignant myopic degeneration, or age-related developments
Raya Sirena
Raya Sirena (transl. Raya mermaid) is a 2022 Philippine television drama romantic fantasy series broadcast by GMA Network. Directed by Cristano Aquino, it stars Sofia Pablo in the title role. It premiered on April 24, 2022 on the network's Sunday Grande sa Hapon line up. The series concluded on June 5, 2022 with a total of 7 episodes.

The series is streaming online on YouTube.

Philippine television drama
Philippine television drama, also known as teleserye is a form of melodramatic, serialized, televised fiction in the Philippines. Teleserye is derived from two Filipino words: "tele", short for "telebisyón" (television), and "serye" (series).

Teleseryes share characteristics with and have roots similar to soap operas and telenovelas. They have evolved into a genre with unique characteristics, however, and often reflect Filipino social reality. Teleseryes are aired in the afternoon and prime time, five days a week. Their audience crosses age and gender lines, and they have the highest advertising rates in the Philippine television industry. Series last from three months to a year or longer, depending on ratings.

Philippine TV dramas also include serials and anthologies, usually shown weekly. These dramas have a finite number of episodes and usually last one season, again depending on ratings.
Wabuska, Nevada
Wabuska is an unincorporated community in Lyon County, Nevada, United States. The zip code is 89447, which it shares with nearby Yerington.

Wabuska (Washo language,  White Grass) was established in the early 1870s. A post office was opened on September 18, 1874.  In 1881, the town served as the principal Mason Valley supply center on the newly constructed  Carson and Colorado Railroad of a line that went from Hazen to Mina.  When copper was discovered in Mason Valley, the town became the northern terminus of the new Nevada Copper Belt Railroad, built 1909–1911. Wabuska waned with declining mining activity in the 1920s.

Several buildings from Wabuska, most notably the Wabuska Railroad Station, were relocated to Carson City and incorporated as the Nevada State Railroad Museum.

Yerington, Nevada
Yerington is a city in Lyon County, Nevada, United States. The population was 3,121 at the 2020 census.  It is the current county seat of Lyon County, with the first county seat having been established at Dayton on November 29, 1861.  It is named after Henry M. Yerington, superintendent of the Virginia and Truckee Railroad from 1868 to 1910.
Raquel Silva
Raquel Peluci Xavier Camargo da Silva (born 30 April 1978), more commonly known as Raquel, is a Brazilian former volleyball player who played for the Brazil women's national volleyball team at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, where she won a bronze medal. Raquel also claimed a gold medal at the 1999 Pan American Games in Winnipeg.

1999 Pan American Games
The 1999 Pan American Games, officially the XIII Pan American Games (French: XIII Jeux panaméricains) or the 13th Pan American Games and commonly known as Winnipeg 1999, were a major international multi-sport event that was held from July 23 to August 8, 1999, in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada and surrounding towns and cities. Canoeing competitions started the day before the games officially began. Approximately 5,000 athletes from 42 nations participated in the games to vie for a total of 330 medal events in 34 sports and 42 disciplines.

Financially, the 1999 games were a success, generating a surplus of $8.9 million through a combination of fiscal restraint and the contribution of nearly 20,000 volunteers.

The 1999 Pan American Games were the second Pan American Games hosted by Canada and Winnipeg. Previously, Winnipeg hosted the 1967 Pan American Games.
Sanctuary (McIntee novel)
Sanctuary is an original novel written by David A. McIntee and based on the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who. It features the Seventh Doctor and Bernice. A prelude to the novel, also penned by McIntee, appeared in Doctor Who Magazine #225. The novel was unusual for being a purely historical story in which no science fiction elements appeared beyond the basic premise of the series. Such stories had not appeared in Doctor Who since 1982's Black Orchid, and not regularly since The Highlanders in 1967–68.

Science fiction on television
Science fiction (Sci-fi) first appeared in television programming in the late 1930s, during what is called the Golden Age of Science Fiction. Special effects and other production techniques allow creators to present a living visual image of an imaginary world not limited by the constraints of reality.
Swimming at the 2011 Pan American Games – Women's 100 metre backstroke
The women's 100 metre backstroke competition of the swimming events at the 2011 Pan American Games took place on October 16 at the Scotiabank Aquatics Center in the municipality of Zapopan, near Guadalajara, Mexico. The defending Pan American Games champion is Julia Smit of the United States.

This race consisted of two lengths of the pool, both lengths being in the backstroke.

Julia Smit
Julia Elizabeth Smit (born December 14, 1987) is an American competition swimmer, two-time Olympic medalist, and former world record-holder in two events.  She has won a total of nine medals in major international competition, six golds, two silvers, and one bronze spanning the Olympics and Pan American Games.
Michael Benjamin (politician)
Michael A. Benjamin (born May 2, 1958) represented District 79 in the New York State Assembly, which includes Morrisania, Crotona Park East, and East Tremont, until December 31, 2010. The seat is currently held by Chantel Jackson.

Chosen in a special election in 2003, Benjamin is a member of the Election Law Committee. A former member of the Bronx Board of Elections and Deputy Chief of the Board of Elections, he sponsored the Campaign Financing Reform Act of 2005.

Prior to his election to the Assembly Benjamin served as a member of local community boards within the Bronx and ran unsuccessfully against City Councilwoman Helen Foster.

Challengers in the 2006 primary were Wilbert Tee Lawton-a district leader-and Sigfredo Gonzalez.

Benjamin holds a B.A.in Political Science from Syracuse University.

Benjamin retired from the State Assembly on December 31, 2010. He now works as a columnist and public affairs consultant.

Community boards of the Bronx
Community boards of the Bronx are the 12 New York City community boards in the borough of the Bronx, which are the appointed advisory groups of the community districts that advise on land use and zoning, participate in the city budget process, and address service delivery in their district.

Community boards are each composed of up to 50 volunteer members appointed by the Bronx borough president, half from nominations by City Council members representing the community district (i.e., whose council districts cover part of the community district). Additionally, all City Council members representing the community district are non-voting, ex officio board members.
Elitsa Yankova
Elitsa Atanasova Yankova (Bulgarian: Елица Атанасова Янкова, 18 September 1994) is a Bulgarian freestyle wrestler. She participated in the 48 kg competition in 2016 Summer Olympics and won a bronze medal. This became the first 2016 Olympics medal for Bulgaria.

As an adolescent, Yankova had ambitions for short-distance running in track and field, but later switched to freestyle wrestling. Her father, Atanas Yankov, is a former Greco-Roman wrestler.

In 2009, Yankova, though she failed to secure a spot at the European Championships, was noticed by coach Petar Kasabov, who convinced her to start training under him with the Levski sports club. In 2013, she became a junior world champion. She also holds a number of national titles. In 2015, Yankova damaged her spine, but recovered and returned to wrestling.

Yankova's hobby is folk dancing. She is a student at the South-West University.

South-West University "Neofit Rilski"
The South-West University "Neofit Rilski" (Bulgarian: Югозападен университет "Неофит Рилски") is a university in Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria. It was founded in 1975. The patron of the university in Blagoevgrad is the patriarch of the new Bulgarian education Neofit Rilski (Neophyte of Rila).
United States at the 2002 Winter Paralympics
The United States was the host nation for the 2002 Winter Paralympics in Salt Lake City. A total of 57 U.S. competitors (41 male and 16 female) took part in all four sports. The United States finished second in the gold medal and first in the total medal count.

2002 Winter Paralympics
The 2002 Winter Paralympics, the eighth Paralympic Winter Games, were held in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States, from 7 to 16 March 2002. A total of 416 athletes from 36 nations participated. They were the first Winter Paralympics in the American continent.
These were the first Paralympic Winter Games for Andorra, Chile, China, Croatia, Greece, and Hungary. Ragnhild Myklebust of Norway won five gold medals in skiing and biathlon, becoming the most successful Winter Paralympic athlete of all time with 22 medals, 17 of them gold.
Cotulla Ranch
The Cotulla Ranch is a historic ranch near Cotulla in La Salle County, Texas, U.S.. It was established in the 1860s by Joseph Cotulla, a Polish immigrant who served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since June 13, 2014.

La Salle County, Texas
La Salle County is a county in Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 6,664. Its county seat is Cotulla. The county was created in 1858 and later organized in 1880. It is named for René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, a 17th-century French explorer.
2008 Women's European Union Amateur Boxing Championships
53°23′5″N 2°55′52.4″W﻿ / ﻿53.38472°N 2.931222°W﻿ / 53.38472; -2.931222

The 2008 Women's European Union Amateur Boxing Championships were held in the Greenbank Sports Academy in Liverpool, England from August 4 to 8. This was the 3rd edition of this annual competition, and was organised by the European governing body for amateur boxing, EABA.

80 fighters representing 17 federations competed in 13 weight divisions. Turkey returned to top spot on the medals table with 4 gold and 4 bronze medals. Host country England won her first gold medals in these competitions, as did Ireland in the person of 60 kg World Champion Katie Taylor.

Greenbank (charity)
Greenbank is a charity in Liverpool, UK which runs the Greenbank Sports Academy and neighbouring Greenbank College. It works to provide opportunities in employment, education, sport and leisure for disabled people and other disadvantaged groups.
Ludwig and Christina Welk Homestead
The Ludwig and Christina Welk Homestead built in 1893 is an historic farm house located at 845 88th Street,  South East in Strasburg, North Dakota. It is also known as the Lawrence Welk Birthplace, the Mike Welk Farm and ND SITS 32 EM 46. Here on March 11, 1903, noted American musician, accordionist, bandleader, and television impresario Lawrence Welk was born to Ludwig and Christina Welk, who were German-speaking Roman Catholics from Alsace-Lorraine by way of Odesa, Ukraine (then part of the Russian Empire). On October 28, 1993, the homestead was added to the National Register of Historic Places.

The Lawrence Welk Birthplace, officially called the Ludwig and Christina Welk Farmstead, has been restored and is run by local volunteers including Lawrence Welk's niece Edna Schwab. Although Welk donated to other local efforts, surprisingly he specified that none of his money be used for the restoration of his birthplace.

Bandleader
A bandleader is the leader of a music group such as a dance band, rock or pop band or jazz quartet. The term is most commonly used with a group that plays popular music as a small combo or a big band, such as one which plays jazz, blues, rhythm and blues or rock and roll music. Most bandleaders are also performers with their own band, either as singers or as instrumentalists, playing an instrument such as electric guitar, piano, or other instruments.
Arthur Kill Terminal
Arthur Kill Terminal is a proposed purpose-built offshore wind port on the Arthur Kill on the west shore of Staten Island, New York. It is intended to be a wind turbine assembly and staging area for various offshore wind farms in the New York Bight. It is planned to be located on 32 acres (13 ha) just south of the Outerbridge Crossing. The site, which would allow for  the docking of heavy-lift ships, is not hindered by air draft restrictions since there is no bridge downstream of the facility.

Air draft
Air draft (or air draught) is the vertical distance from the surface of the water to the highest point on a vessel. This is similar to the deep draft of a vessel which is measured from the surface of the water to the deepest part of the hull below the surface. However, air draft is expressed as a height (positive upward), while deep draft is expressed as a depth (positive downward).