hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Typhidot
Typhidot is a medical test consisting of a dot ELISA kit that detects IgM and IgG antibodies against the outer membrane protein (OMP) of the Salmonella typhi. The typhidot test becomes positive within 2–3 days of infection and separately identifies IgM and IgG antibodies. The test is based on the presence of specific IgM and IgG antibodies to a specific 50Kd OMP antigen, which is impregnated on nitrocellulose strips. IgM shows recent infection whereas IgG signifies remote infection. The most important  limitation of this test is that it is not quantitative and result is only positive or negative. Whereas a detailed Widal test can tell the titres of specific antibodies. However both tests lack sensitivity and specificity. The Widal test is losing its value as it is labor-intensive and time-consuming. It is an immunochromatographic test.

Nitrocellulose
Nitrocellulose (also known as cellulose nitrate, flash paper, flash cotton, guncotton, pyroxylin and flash string, depending on form) is a highly flammable compound formed by nitrating cellulose through exposure to a mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid.

One of its first major uses was as guncotton, a replacement for gunpowder as propellant in firearms. It was also used to replace gunpowder as a low-order explosive in mining and other applications. In the form of collodion, it was also a critical component in an early photographic emulsion, the use of which revolutionized photography in the 1860s.  In the 20th century, it was adapted to automobile lacquer and adhesives.
Bastetani
The Bastetani or Bastuli were an ancient Iberian (pre-Roman) people of the Iberian Peninsula (the Roman Hispania). They are believed to have spoken the Iberian language. The relationship between the Iberian Bastetani and the Tartessian Mastieni (who lived in Mastia, on the southeastern coast of the peninsula) is not entirely clear.

Their territory Bastetania  extended through the southeastern Iberian Peninsula, which currently encompasses southern Albacete, Almería, Granada, eastern Málaga, southeastern Jaén and western Murcia. Their main towns were located between Baria (present-day Villaricos) and Bailo (Cádiz), also including Malaka, Abdera, Sexi and Carteia. Their capital was probably the city known as Basti by the Romans, which corresponds to present-day Baza. The Lady of Baza, a famous Bastetani sculpture, was recovered from the necropolis of Basti in 1971.

Tartessian language
Tartessian is an extinct Paleo-Hispanic language found in the Southwestern inscriptions of the Iberian Peninsula, mainly located in the historical Tartessos, the south of Portugal (Algarve and southern Alentejo), and the southwest of Spain (south of Extremadura and western Andalusia). There are 95 such inscriptions; the longest has 82 readable signs. Around one third of them were found in Early Iron Age necropolises or other Iron Age burial sites associated with rich complex burials. It is usual to date them to the 7th century BC and to consider the southwestern script to be the most ancient Paleo-Hispanic script, with characters most closely resembling specific Phoenician letter forms found in inscriptions dated to c. 825 BC. Five of the inscriptions occur on stelae that have been interpreted as Late Bronze Age carved warrior gear from the Central European Urnfield culture.
SCORPION program
The SCORPION (Self CORrecting Projectile for Infantry OperatioN) program was a research initiative funded by the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) and led by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) and the Georgia Institute of Technology to integrate micro adaptive flow control (MAFC) technology into small caliber munitions to develop spinning, guided projectiles. The program led to the creation of a spin-stabilized 40 mm grenade, also called SCORPION, that could propel itself to its target by using calculated micro-jet bursts of air to correct its path once launched.

Coandă effect
The Coandă effect (/ˈkwɑːndə/ or /ˈkwæ-/) is the tendency of a fluid jet to stay attached to a surface of any form. Merriam-Webster describes it as "the tendency of a jet of fluid emerging from an orifice to follow an adjacent flat or curved surface and to entrain fluid from the surroundings so that a region of lower pressure develops."

It is named after Romanian inventor Henri Coandă, who was the first to recognize the practical application of the phenomenon in aircraft design around 1910. It was first documented explicitly in two patents issued in 1936.
Samarkand State Medical University
Samarkand State Medical University (Samarkand State Medical Institute before April 1, 2022), or SSMU, is a higher educational institution in Uzbekistan. The University is located in the city of Samarkand.

Neurosurgery
Neurosurgery or/and neurological surgery, also known in common parlance as brain surgery, is the medical specialty that focuses on the surgical treatment or rehabilitation of disorders that affect any portion of the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nervous system, and cerebrovascular system. Neurosurgery as a medical specialty also includes non-surgical management of some neurological conditions.
Gennadiy Prashkevich
Gennadiy Martovich Prashkevich (Russian: Генна́дий Ма́ртович Прашке́вич; born May 16, 1941, in Pirovskoye, Krasnoyarsk Krai) is a Russian science fiction writer, critic, editor, translator and International PEN member. He won the Aelita Prize (1994) and Garin-Mikhaylovsky Prize (1999). He is also a poet, translator and essayist.

Prashkevich graduated from Tomsk University and participated in various geological and paleontological expeditions to Ural, Kuzbass, Yakutia, Far East and Kamchatka. As a science fiction writer Prashkevich debuted with the story Ostrov Tumanov (The Island of Mists) in 1957, having close ties with Ivan Yefremov by that time.

Kamchatka Peninsula
The Kamchatka Peninsula (Russian: полуо́стров Камча́тка, romanized: poluóstrov Kamchátka, pronounced [pəlʊˈostrəf kɐmˈt͡ɕætkə], Ainu: Cupka) is a 1,250-kilometre-long (777 mi) peninsula in the Russian Far East, with an area of about 270,000 km2 (100,000 sq mi). The Sea of Okhotsk bounds the peninsula's western coastline, immediately offshore of the peninsula and below the Bering Sea runs the 9,600-metre-deep (31,496 ft) Kuril–Kamchatka Trench. Its eastern coastline is the Bering Sea, part of the Pacific Ocean.

The Kamchatka Peninsula, the Commander Islands, and Karaginsky Island constitute Kamchatka Krai of the Russian Federation. The majority of the 322,079 inhabitants are ethnic Russians, with about 13,000 being Koryaks (2014). More than half of the population lives in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky (179,526 in 2010) and nearby Yelizovo (38,980). The Kamchatka Peninsula contains the volcanoes of Kamchatka, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, that form part of the Ring of Fire.
The Rocks, Inc.
The Rocks Incorporated (Rocks, Inc.), was founded on October 9, 1974 by sixty-five United States Army officers in Washington, D.C. Headquartered in Forestville, Maryland and with over 1,100 members, it is the largest professional military officers’ organization with a majority African-American membership.

The Rocks, Inc. is a non-profit organization composed primarily of African American active, reserve, retired and former commissioned officers and warrant officers of the U.S. Armed Forces, and widows and widowers of deceased members. The organization hosts professional development sessions and social events to improve the officer corps.

The Chairperson of the Board is Brigadier General Earl Simms, United States Army (Retired).

Forestville, California
Forestville is a census-designated place (CDP) in Sonoma County, California, United States. It was settled during the late 1860s and was originally spelled Forrestville after one of its founders; the spelling was soon standardized with one "r". The population was 3,264 at the 2020 census, down from 3,293 at the 2010 census.

By 1900, the community was known for attracting writers and artists and had a bohemian reputation. The small town has a limited number of businesses.
Akiza, Benin
Akiza is an arrondissement in the Zou department of Benin. It is an administrative division under the jurisdiction of the commune of Zogbodomey. According to the population census conducted by the Institut National de la Statistique Benin on February 15, 2002, the arrondissement had a total population of 8,477.

Institut national de la statistique et de l'analyse économique
The Institut national de la statistique et de l'analyse économique (INSAE) is a national institute of Benin, which is dedicated to collecting data in the country. It collects data on demographics, population, climatology, education,  employment, etc.
John Newton (Canadian admiral)
Rear-Admiral John Frederick Newton CMM MSM CD is a retired Royal Canadian Navy officer and now liaison officer with Veterans Affairs Canada.

He joined the Navy in 1983  after graduating as a geologist from Dalhousie University. He commanded HMCS Fredericton from 2003 until 2006.

In 2008 he took command of Canadian Forces Base Halifax. In 2010 he was appointed director general of naval personnel and promoted to commodore.

He was appointed Commander Maritime Forces Atlantic in July 2013. In 2017 he took up a post as liaison officer with Veterans Affairs Canada.

On June 4, 2018, he retired from the Canadian Armed Forces.

Maritime Forces Atlantic
In the Canadian Forces, Maritime Forces Atlantic (MARLANT) is responsible for the fleet training and operational readiness of the Royal Canadian Navy in the Atlantic Ocean and Arctic Ocean. It was once referred to as Canadian Atlantic Station.
Pankevychivka
Pankevychivka (Ukrainian: Панькевичі́вка) was Ukrainian phonetic etymological orthography compiled in 1922 by Ivan Pankevych for schools in Carpathian Ruthenia on the basis of Maksymovychivka.

Pankevych's principles were approved in 1920 at the Congress of Transcarpathian Teachers, and later set out in the Grammar of the Ruthenian Language (Mukachevo, 1922). The main principle of this system is to take into account local traditions, in particular:

preservation ѣ: єѣ, тоѣ, синьоѣ; тѣ, добрѣ;

dialectal features of phonetics (phonology) — ы: ты, сынъ, мыло;

different reflexes /ɔ/ in the new closed syllable — і, ÿ, у, denoted by the letter о̂.

Pankevychivka existed until 1945 and was replaced by the all-Ukrainian orthography.

Phonology
Phonology (formerly also phonemics or phonematics) is the branch of linguistics that studies how languages systematically organize their phonemes or, for sign languages, their constituent parts of signs. The term can also refer specifically to the sound or sign system of a particular language variety. At one time, the study of phonology related only to the study of the systems of phonemes in spoken languages, but now it may relate to any linguistic analysis either:

Sign languages have a phonological system equivalent to the system of sounds in spoken languages. The building blocks of signs are specifications for movement, location, and handshape. At first, a separate terminology was used for the study of sign phonology ("chereme" instead of "phoneme", etc.), but the concepts are now considered to apply universally to all human languages.
U-verse TV
U-verse TV is an internet protocol television (IPTV) service operated by DirecTV. Launched on June 26, 2006, U-verse was originally a triple play package that included broadband Internet (now AT&T Internet or AT&T Fiber), IP telephone (now AT&T Phone), and IPTV (U-verse TV) services in 22 states.

On February 25, 2021, AT&T announced that it would spin off DirecTV into a separate entity, containing the U-verse TV and AT&T TV services, selling a 30% stake to TPG Capital while retaining a 70% stake in the new standalone company. The deal was closed on August 2, 2021.

Corporate spin-off
A corporate spin-off, also known as a spin-out, starburst or hive-off, is a type of corporate action where a company "splits off" a section as a separate business or creates a second incarnation, even if the first is still active. It is distinct from a sell-off, where a company sells a section to another company or firm in exchange for cash or securities.
Tanur Assembly constituency
Tanur State assembly constituency is one of the 140 state legislative assembly constituencies in Kerala in southern India. It is also one of the seven state legislative constituency. As of the 2021 Assembly elections, the current MLA is V. Abdurahiman.

2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election
The 2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election was held in Kerala on 6 April 2021 to elect 140 members to the 15th Kerala Legislative Assembly. The results were declared on 2 May.

The election saw the incumbent Left Democratic Front (LDF) in a historic win retaining power with 99 seats, 8 more than in the previous election, marking the first time that an alliance won consecutive terms in the state since 1977. The United Democratic Front (UDF) won the remaining 41 seats, 6 less than in the previous election. The National Democratic Alliance (NDA) received a dip in vote share and lost their lone seat. Pinarayi Vijayan became the first Chief Minister of Kerala to be re-elected after completing a full, five-year term in office.
Deviled egg
Deviled eggs in American English, devilled eggs in Commonwealth English, also known as stuffed eggs, curried eggs, dressed eggs or angel eggs, are hard-boiled eggs that have been peeled, cut in half, with the yolk scooped out, then refilled after being mixed with other ingredients such as mayonnaise and mustard and sprinkled with paprika, cinnamon or curry powder. They are generally served cold as a side dish, appetizer or a main course during gatherings or parties. The dish is popular in Europe, North America and Australia.

Curry powder
Curry powder is any of several spice mixes for curry, adapted from but not to be confused with garam masala in Indian cuisine. It was first sold by Indian merchants to British traders during the British Raj. The first commercial curry powder product was sold by Sorlie's Perfumery in London in 1784. Brands such as Crosse & Blackwell and Sharwood's were established late in the 18th century.
Scovel
Scovel is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Florence Scovel Shinn (1871–1940), American artist and book illustrator

Rory Scovel (born 1980), American comedian, writer, and actor

Sylvester H. Scovel (1869–1905), American journalist

Rory Scovel
Rory J. Scovel (born August 6, 1980) is an American comedian, actor, and writer. He released his first stand-up comedy album Dilation in 2011. He has since released the stand-up specials The Charleston Special (2015), Rory Scovel Tries Stand-Up for the First Time (2017), Live Without Fear (2021), and Religion, Sex, and a Few Things in Between (2024).

As an actor, he began his career as part of the main cast on the sitcoms Ground Floor (2013–2015) and Those Who Can't (2016–2019), co-starred in the romantic comedy film I Feel Pretty (2018), and also appeared in and wrote for the comedy series The Eric Andre Show (2012–2016). In the 2020s, he created and starred in his Comedy Central series Robbie (2020) and starred in the Apple TV+ series Physical (2021–2023).
Mishra Dhatu Nigam
Mishra Dhatu Nigam Limited (abbreviated as MIDHANI) is a metals and metal alloys manufacturing facility in Hyderabad, Telangana, India. It operates as a Public Sector Undertaking (PSU) under the administrative control of the Department of Defence Production Ministry of Defence, Government of India.

Forging
Forging is a manufacturing process involving the shaping of metal using localized compressive forces.  The blows are delivered with a hammer (often a power hammer) or a die.  Forging is often classified according to the temperature at which it is performed: cold forging (a type of cold working), warm forging, or hot forging (a type of hot working). For the latter two, the metal is heated, usually in a forge. Forged parts can range in weight from less than a kilogram to hundreds of metric tons. Forging has been done by smiths for millennia; the traditional products were kitchenware, hardware, hand tools, edged weapons, cymbals, and jewellery.

Since the Industrial Revolution, forged parts are widely used in mechanisms and machines wherever a component requires high strength; such forgings usually require further processing (such as machining) to achieve a finished part. Today, forging is a major worldwide industry.
Amphitorna castanea
Amphitorna castanea is a moth in the family Drepanidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1891. It is found in India's Nilgiri Mountains.

The wingspan is 28–36 mm. Adults are pale reddish brown, the wings evenly striated with brown. There is an oblique line from the apex of the forewings to the middle of the inner margin of the hindwings, bent near the apex, where there is a deep black spot above it. There are traces of a dark antemedial line on the forewings and the costa is red-brown. There is a white speck on the discocellulars.

Drepanidae
The Drepanidae are a family of moths with about 660 species described worldwide. They are generally divided in three subfamilies, which share the same type of hearing organ. Thyatirinae, previously often placed in their own family, bear a superficial resemblance to Noctuidae. Many species in the drepanid family have a distinctively hook-shaped apex to the fore wing, leading to their common name of hook-tips.

The larvae of many species are very distinctive, tapering to a point at the tail and usually resting with both head and tail raised. They usually feed on the leaves of trees and shrubs, pupating between leaves spun together with silk.
Laurana Kanan
Laurana Kanan (also known as Lauralanthalasa Kanan), is a fictional character, one of the Heroes of the Lance in the Dragonlance fantasy series, written by Margaret Weis and Tracy Hickman, originally published by TSR, Inc. and later by Wizards of the Coast.  One of the most beautiful women on all the world of Krynn, she is a skilled fighter, a brilliant tactician, and an inspirational leader, though she is also headstrong and willful and often allows her heart to rule her head.

Advanced Dungeons & Dragons: Heroes of the Lance
Advanced Dungeons & Dragons: Heroes of the Lance is a video game released in 1988 for various home computer systems and consoles. The game is based on the first Dragonlance campaign module for the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game, Dragons of Despair, and the first Dragonlance novel Dragons of Autumn Twilight.
Beilschmiedia pendula
Beilschmiedia pendula is a species of tree in the laurel family (Lauraceae). It is native to Central America (Honduras to Panama), northwestern South America (Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela), and the West Indies (Cuba, Jamaica, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Leeward Islands, and Windward Islands).

Lauraceae
Lauraceae, or the laurels, is a plant family that includes the true laurel and its closest relatives. This family comprises about 2850 known species in about 45 genera worldwide. They are dicotyledons, and occur mainly in warm temperate and tropical regions, especially Southeast Asia and South America. Many are aromatic evergreen trees or shrubs, but some, such as Sassafras, are deciduous, or include both deciduous and evergreen trees and shrubs, especially in tropical and temperate climates. The genus Cassytha is unique in the Lauraceae in that its members are parasitic vines. Many species within the laurel family are highly toxic; however, some, such as the avocado (Persea americana), are edible and widely consumed. Members of the laurel family have played a significant role in the spice trade, particularly genera like Cinnamomum, which produce aromatic oils used extensively in cooking, perfumery, and traditional medicine.
Ranks and insignia of the German Army (1935–1945)
The Heer as the German army and part of the Wehrmacht inherited its uniforms and rank structure from the Reichsheer of the Weimar Republic (1921–1935). There were few alterations and adjustments made as the army grew from a limited peacetime defense force of 100,000 men to a war-fighting force of several million men.

These ranks and insignia were specific to the Heer and in special cases to senior Wehrmacht officers in the independent services; the uniforms and rank systems of the other branches of the Wehrmacht, the Luftwaffe (Air Force) and Kriegsmarine (Navy), were different, as were those of the SS which was a Party organization outside the Wehrmacht. The Nazi Party also had its own series of paramilitary uniforms and insignia.

Uniforms and insignia of the Kriegsmarine
The Kriegsmarine was the navy of Nazi Germany prior to and during World War II. Kriegsmarine uniform design followed that of the preexisting Reichsmarine, itself based on that of the First World War Kaiserliche Marine. Kriegsmarine styles of uniform and insignia had many features in common with those of other European navies, all derived from the British Royal Navy of the 19th century, such as officers' frock coats, sleeve braid, and the "sailor suit" uniform for enlisted personnel and petty officers.
Grigory Falko
Grigory Alekseevich Falko (Russian: Григорий Алексеевич Фалько; born 9 May 1987) is an Olympic and national-record-holding breaststroke swimmer from Russia. He swam for Russia at the 2004 and 2008 Olympics.

He swam for Russia at:

Olympics: 2004, 2008

World Championships: 2005, 2007, 2009

World University Games: 2007

European Championships: 2008

SC Worlds: 2010

SC Europeans: 2004, 2005, 2007

Falko is married to the Olympic synchronized swimmer Alexandra Patskevich, they have a son Semyon (born 2019).

2008 European Aquatics Championships
The 2008 LEN European Aquatics Championships were held in Eindhoven, Netherlands, from 13–24 March 2008. They were the European championships for swimming (50 m), diving and synchronised swimming for 2008. Two new events were contested: the 800 m freestyle men and the 1500 m freestyle women. This is the first time that the men's and women's swimming programs are identical.
2010 Volta ao Algarve
The 2010 Volta ao Algarve was the 36th edition of the Volta ao Algarve cycling stage race. It was held from 17 to 21 February 2010, and was rated as a 2.1 event on the UCI Europe Tour. It started at the Algarve Stadium in Faro and ended with an individual time trial in Portimão.

This edition of the race was noted as a race which was targeted by many notable riders as their first of the season. Among these riders beginning 2010 in Portugal was reigning Tour de France champion (and defending Volta ao Algarve champion) Alberto Contador.

UCI race classifications
The Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI), the world's governing body in the sport of bicycle racing, classifies races according to a rating scale.

The rating is represented by a code made of two or three parts and indicates both the type or style of race (the first part), and its importance or difficulty (the second and third parts, lower being harder). The first part can be an integer or an abbreviation, and the second part, when present, are usually integers. Both parts are separated by a period or decimal point (.).

A higher rated race will result in the successful riders receiving more world ranking points.