hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sir Edward Dering, 6th Baronet
Sir Edward Dering, 6th Baronet (28 September 1732 – 8 December 1798) was a British politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1761 and 1787.

He was the eldest son of Sir Edward Dering, 5th Baronet and Elizabeth Henshaw and was educated at the King's School, Canterbury, Westminster School and St John's College, Cambridge. He succeeded his father as 6th baronet in 1762, inheriting Surrenden House in Pluckley, Kent.

He was installed as the Member of Parliament for New Romney in 1761 but left Parliament in 1770 by accepting the Stewardship of the Chiltern Hundreds in order to supply a seat for John Morton, defeated at Abingdon. He returned to the seat in 1774 but in 1787 again left Parliament by accepting the Stewardship of the Manor of East Hendred, this time due to ill health, and did not stand for election again.

He died in 1798.

Abingdon (UK Parliament constituency)
Abingdon was a parliamentary constituency in England, represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of England until 1707, then of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800 and of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1885. It elected one Member of Parliament (MP) from 1558 until 1983, making it one of the few English constituencies in the unreformed House of Commons to elect only one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election.
Apollophanes of Cyzicus
Apollophanes (Ancient Greek: Ἀπολλοφάνης) of Cyzicus was connected by friendship with the Persian satrap Pharnabazus II, and afterwards formed a similar connexion with Agesilaus II. Soon after this, Pharnabazus requested him to persuade Agesilaus to meet him, which was done accordingly. This happened in 396 BCE, shortly before the withdrawal of Agesilaus from the satrapy of Pharnabazus.

Satrap
A satrap (/ˈsætrəp/) was a governor of the provinces of the ancient Median and Persian (Achaemenid) Empires and in several of their successors, such as in the Sasanian Empire and the Hellenistic empires. A satrapy is the territory governed by a satrap.

A satrap served as a viceroy to the king, though with considerable autonomy. The word came to suggest tyranny or ostentatious splendour, and its modern usage is a pejorative and refers to any subordinate or local ruler, usually with unfavourable connotations of corruption.
Wright-Hennepin Cooperative Electric Association
Wright-Hennepin Cooperative Electric Association (WH) is a non-profit, member-owned energy and service cooperative located in Rockford, Minnesota. The company serves more than 59,000 electric accounts in western Hennepin County, Minnesota and most of Wright County, Minnesota.

Rockford, Minnesota
Rockford is a city in Wright and Hennepin counties in the U.S. state of Minnesota.  The population was 4,500 at the 2020 census. While Rockford is mainly located within Wright County, a small part of the city extends into Hennepin County. It is part of the Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan statistical area. Minnesota State Highway 55 serves as a main route in the city.
2013 State Basketball League season
The 2013 State Basketball League season was the 25th season of the State Basketball League (SBL). The regular season began on Friday 15 March and ended on Saturday 27 July. The finals began on Friday 2 August and concluded with the women's grand final on Friday 30 August and the men's grand final on Saturday 31 August.

State Basketball League Most Improved Player Award
The State Basketball League Most Improved Player was an annual State Basketball League (SBL) award given between 2004 and 2019 to the player who has shown the most progress during the season compared to previous seasons in both the Men's SBL and Women's SBL.
Clark Public Utilities
Public Utility District No. 1 of Clark County, doing business as Clark Public Utilities
 and commonly referred to as Clark PUD, is a public utility district in Clark County, Washington.  Clark PUD provides electric service to all of Clark County except for the Georgia-Pacific Camas Paper Mill in the City of Camas, and its water service area covers the majority of the county, except the Cities of Battle Ground, Camas, Ridgefield, Washougal, and Vancouver, which have their own municipal water systems.

Georgia-Pacific
Georgia-Pacific LLC is an American pulp and paper company based in Atlanta, Georgia, and is one of the world's largest manufacturers and distributors of tissue, pulp, paper, toilet and paper towel dispensers, packaging, building products and related chemicals, and other forest products—largely made from its own timber. Since 2005, it has been an independently operated and managed subsidiary of Koch Industries. As of fall 2019, the company employed more than 35,000 people at more than 180 locations in North America, South America and Europe.
Christuskirche, Königsberg
The Christuskirche (Christ Church) was a Protestant church in northern Königsberg, Germany.

Construction of the church began in 1924, with its dedication occurring on 8 August 1926. It was built near the intersection of Wallring and Dessauer Straße in northern Tragheim; to the west was the Haus der Technik and to the east was the Kunsthalle.

The church was heavily damaged by the 1944 Bombing of Königsberg and 1945 Battle of Königsberg. Its ruins were demolished by 1960. A shopping centre has been built in its place in Kaliningrad, Russia.

Battle of Königsberg
The Battle of Königsberg, also known as the Königsberg offensive, was one of the last operations of the East Prussian offensive during World War II.  In four days of urban warfare, Soviet forces of the 1st Baltic Front and the 3rd Belorussian Front captured the city of Königsberg, present day Kaliningrad, Russia. The siege started in late January 1945 when the Soviets initially surrounded the city.  Heavy fighting took place for control of overland connection between Königsberg and the port of Pillau, but by March 1945 Königsberg was hundreds of kilometres behind the main front line in the eastern front. The battle ended when the German garrison surrendered to the Soviets on 9 April after a three-day assault made their position untenable.
Copa del Sol
The Copa del Sol was an annual tournament exhibition of international football clubs in Marbella, the south coast of Spain, from  January to February. It was one month before the kickoff of the national leagues between 2010 to 2014.

The tournament was a chance for training and match play for the northern European football teams during their winter break against big names from Eastern European football, particularly Russia and Ukraine. It was co-organized by Swedish IEC in Sports, part of Lagardère Group and Norwegian Norsk Toppfotball. All games were broadcast back to home markets of participating clubs allowing fans to observe the current progress of team preparation for the upcoming season, and were screened live on television in Sweden, Norway, Denmark and pan-Africa.

Marbella Cup
The Marbella Cup (Spanish: Trofeo Casino Marbella) is an annual friendly football tournament held in Spain during the winter football break. The tournament takes place in Marbella, Andalusia. It mainly involves football teams from Brazil, Germany, Romania, Russia, Sweden, Ukraine, and Italy
Physocyclus californicus
Physocyclus californicus is a spider in the family Pholcidae ("cellar spiders"), in the infraorder Araneomorphae ("true spiders").
The distribution range of Physocyclus californicus includes the US and Mexico.

Araneomorphae
The Araneomorphae (also called the Labidognatha or "true spiders") are an infraorder of spiders. They are distinguishable by chelicerae (fangs) that point diagonally forward and cross in a pinching action, in contrast to those of Mygalomorphae (tarantulas and their close kin), which point straight down. Araneomorphs comprise the vast majority (about 92%) of living spiders.
Parrot Anafi
The Parrot Anafi (stylized as ANAFI) is a French teleoperated quadcopter drone produced by Parrot SA.  Although the original consumer model suffered from numerous issues, later Anafi variants were adopted by multiple governments and militaries.

4G
4G refers to the fourth generation of cellular network technology, introduced in the late 2000s and early 2010s. Compared to preceding third-generation (3G) technologies, 4G has been designed to support all-IP communications and broadband services, and eliminates circuit switching in voice telephony. It also has considerably higher data bandwidth compared to 3G, enabling a variety of data-intensive applications such as high-definition media streaming and the expansion of Internet of Things (IoT) applications.

The earliest deployed technologies marketed as "4G" were Long Term Evolution (LTE), developed by the 3GPP group, and Mobile Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (Mobile WiMAX), based on IEEE specifications. These provided significant enhancements over previous 3G and 2G.
Desulfuromonadia
The Desulfuromonadia are a class of anaerobic bacteria within the phylum Thermodesulfobacteriota. Their cells are curved or rod shaped and often motile.  They display chemoorganotrophic, chemolithoautotrophic, or chemolithoheterotrophic growth by respiratory or fermentative metabolism. Several members can use sulfur or ferric iron as electron acceptors.

Class (biology)
In biological taxonomy, class (Latin: classis) is  a taxonomic rank, as well as a taxonomic unit (i.e., a taxon) in that rank. It is a group of related taxonomic orders. Other well-known ranks in descending order of size are domain, kingdom, phylum, order, family, genus, and species, with class ranking between phylum and order.
Art Foley
Michael Arthur Foley (14 December 1928 – 28 October 2019) was an Irish hurler who played as a goalkeeper for the Wexford senior team.

Born in Enniscorthy, County Wexford, Foley first arrived on the inter-county scene at the age of seventeen when he first linked up with the Wexford minor team. He joined the senior panel during the 1946–47 league. Foley later became a regular member of the starting fifteen, and won two All-Ireland medals, three Leinster medals and one National Hurling League medal. He was an All-Ireland runner-up on one occasion.

As a member of the Leinster inter-provincial team on a number of occasions, Foley won one Railway Cup medal. At club level he was a seven-time championship medallist with St Aidan's Enniscorthy.

Foley retired from inter-county hurling following the conclusion of the 1957 championship. He died in the United States in October 2019.

County Wexford
County Wexford (Irish: Contae Loch Garman) is a county in Ireland. It is in the province of Leinster and is part of the Southern Region. Named after the town of Wexford, it was based on the historic Gaelic territory of Hy Kinsella (Uí Ceinnsealaigh), whose capital was Ferns. Wexford County Council is the local authority for the county. The population of the county was 163,527 at the 2022 census.
Vanči
Vanči is a hamlet in Iecava Parish of Bauska Municipality in the Semigallia region of Latvia. It is located in the middle of the parish on the left bank of Iecava river, 6.6 km from the center of the parish Iecava, 27 km from the municipality center Bauska and 50 km from Riga.

Iecava
Iecava is a town and the administrative center of Iecava Parish in Bauska Municipality, located in the Zemgale region of Latvia approximately 40 kilometers south of Riga and 23 kilometers north of Bauska. First documented in historical records in 1492, it was officially granted town status on 1 July 2021 and encompasses an administrative area with a population of 9,681 as of 2023.

The locality is characterized by fertile agricultural lands supporting food processing industries, including a recently opened €10 million seed production facility representing the most modern certified operation in the Baltics, alongside historical sites such as a Lutheran church and former manor house that contribute to its regional tourism appeal.
Pope's Creek Subdivision
The Pope's Creek Subdivision is a CSX Transportation railroad line in Maryland, running from Bowie to the Morgantown Generating Station in Morgantown, Maryland. The Herbert Subdivision to the Chalk Point Generating Station connects to it at Brandywine and the Indian Head-White Plains railroad used to connect to it at White Plains. Its name comes from Pope's Creek in Newburg, MD to where it originally ran.

Morgantown, Maryland
Morgantown is an unincorporated community in Charles County, Maryland, United States. It lies south of the Governor Harry W. Nice Memorial Bridge on the Potomac River at Lower Cedar Point. Morgantown is known for the Mirant Morgantown Generating Station smokestacks. The community had ferryboat service to Potomac Beach in Virginia before the present bridge opened in 1940. Waverley was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975. In 2007, a controversial coal barge loading facility was under construction at the power plant on Popes Creek.
Nef reaction
In organic chemistry, the Nef reaction is an organic reaction describing the acid hydrolysis of a salt of a primary or secondary nitroalkane (R−NO2) to an aldehyde (R−CH=O) or a ketone (R2C=O) and nitroxyl (HNO), which rapidly converts to nitrous oxide (N2O). The reaction has been the subject of several literature reviews.

The reaction was reported in 1894 by the chemist John Ulric Nef, who treated the sodium salt of nitroethane with sulfuric acid resulting in an 85–89% yield of nitrous oxide and at least 70% yield of acetaldehyde. However, the reaction was pioneered a year earlier in 1893 by Konovalov, who converted the potassium salt of 1-phenylnitroethane with sulfuric acid to acetophenone.

Yield (chemistry)
In chemistry, yield, also known as reaction yield or chemical yield, refers to the amount of product obtained in a chemical reaction. Yield is one of the primary factors that scientists must consider in organic and inorganic chemical synthesis processes. In chemical reaction engineering, "yield",  "conversion" and "selectivity" are terms used to describe ratios of how much of a reactant was consumed (conversion), how much desired product was formed (yield) in relation to the undesired product (selectivity), represented as X, Y, and S.

The term yield also plays an important role in analytical chemistry, as individual compounds are recovered in purification processes in a range from quantitative yield (100 %) to low yield (< 50 %).
Ohio State Route 281
State Route 281 (SR 281) is an east–west state highway in the northwestern portion of the U.S. state of Ohio.  Its western terminus is at U.S. Route 24 approximately four miles (6.4 km) northeast of downtown Defiance, and its eastern terminus is at US 6 nearly one mile (1.6 km) north of Bradner.  The majority of the route is known as the Defiance Pike.

Wood County, Ohio
Wood County is a county located in the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2020 census, the population was 132,248. Its county seat is Bowling Green. The county was named for Captain Eleazer D. Wood, the engineer for General William Henry Harrison's army, who built Fort Meigs during the War of 1812. Wood County is part of the Toledo, OH Metropolitan Statistical Area. Its diagonal northwest border is formed by the Maumee River, which has its mouth at Maumee Bay on Lake Erie.
Martin Spencer
Sir Martin Benedict Spencer (born 19 June 1956) is a British High Court judge.

Spencer was educated at Hertford College, Oxford where he completed an MA and the BCL. He was called to the bar at the Inner Temple in 1979, practising from Hailsham Chambers from 1981 where he was head of chambers from 2009 to 2016. He took silk in 2003 and served as a recorder from 2011 to 2017.

On 2 October 2017, he was appointed a judge of the High Court and assigned to the Queen's Bench Division. He took the customary knighthood in the same year. From 2017, he serves as chair of the Expert Witness Institute and since 2019 serves on the Judicial Security Committee.

In 1977, he married Lisbet Steengaard Jensen, with whom he has two sons and a daughter.

Bachelor of Civil Law
Bachelor of Civil Law (abbreviated BCL or B.C.L.; Latin: Baccalaureus Civilis Legis) is the name of various degrees in law conferred by English-language universities. The BCL originated as a postgraduate degree in the universities of Oxford and Cambridge; at Oxford, the BCL continues to be the primary postgraduate taught course in law. It is also taught as an undergraduate degree in other countries. The reference to civil law was not originally in contradistinction to common law, but to canon law, although common law was not taught in the civil law faculties in either university until at least the second half of the 18th century. However, some universities in English-speaking countries use the degree in the former sense.
Plouarzel
Plouarzel (French pronunciation: [pluaʁzɛl]; Breton: Plouarzhel) is a commune in the Finistère department of Brittany in north-western France.

The westernmost point of continental France, the Pointe de Corsen, lies within the commune.

Oystercatchers

Lighthouse Trézien

Hiking trail

Brittany (administrative region)
Brittany (French: Bretagne [bʁətaɲ] ⓘ; Breton: Breizh [brɛjs]; Gallo: Bertaèyn [bəʁtaɛɲ]) is an administrative region of Metropolitan France, comprising the departments of Côtes-d'Armor, Finistère, Ille-et-Vilaine, and Morbihan. Its capital and largest city is Rennes.

Bordered by the English Channel to the north, the Celtic Sea to the west, and the Atlantic Ocean (Bay of Biscay) to the south, Brittany's neighboring regions are Normandy to the northeast and Pays de la Loire to the southeast. It is one of two regions in Metropolitan France where all departments have direct access to the sea, the other being Corsica.

The region of Brittany is sometimes referred to as "administrative Brittany" in contrast to "historical Brittany" or "cultural Brittany", which also includes the Loire-Atlantique and whose potential reunification with the administrative region has been a subject of debate for decades.
Ursula Gauthier
Ursula Gauthier is a French journalist and sinologist. Gauthier was a reporter in China for L'Obs. In December 2015, her visa was not renewed and she was forced to leave the country after she published an article about Uyghurs in Xinjiang which Chinese government officials disapproved of. A Chinese government Foreign Ministry spokesman suggested Gauthier's article "openly supports terrorist activity, the killing of innocents and has outraged the Chinese public."

Sinology
Sinology, also referred to as China studies, is a subfield of area studies or East Asian studies involved in social sciences and humanities research on China. It is an academic discipline that focuses on the study of the Chinese civilization primarily through Chinese language, history, culture, literature, philosophy, art, music, cinema, and science. Its origin "may be traced to the examination which Chinese scholars made of their own civilization."

The academic field of sinology often refers to Western scholarship. Until the 20th century, it was historically seen as equivalent to philology concerning the Chinese classics and other literature written in the Chinese language. Since then, the scope of sinology has expanded to include Chinese history and palaeography, among other subjects.
Meloe angusticollis
Meloe angusticollis, commonly known as the short-winged blister beetle or oil beetle, is a species of blister beetle, native to North America. They average 9-19 mm (0.35-0.75 inches) in length — females are much larger than males. When disturbed the adult releases oily droplets of hemolymph from its body to repel potential predators, which may cause blistering on human skin.

Hemolymph
Hemolymph or haemolymph is a body fluid that circulates inside arthropod bodies transporting nutrients and oxygen to tissues, comparable with the blood in vertebrates. It is composed of a plasma in which circulating immune cells called hemocytes are dispersed in addition to many plasma proteins (hemoproteins) and dissolved chemicals. It is the key component of the open circulatory system characteristic of arthropods such as insects, arachnids, myriapods and crustaceans. Some non-arthropod invertebrates such as molluscs and annelids also possess a similar hemolymphatic circulatory system.

In insects, the largest arthropod clade, the hemolymph mainly carries nutrients but not oxygen, which is supplied to the tissues separately by direct deep ventilation through an extensive tracheal system. In other arthropods, oxygen is dissolved into the hemolymph from gills, book lungs or across the cuticle and then distributed to the body tissues via the hemocoel.
Connectivity (graph theory)
In mathematics and computer science, connectivity is one of the basic concepts of graph theory: it asks for the minimum number of elements (nodes or edges) that need to be removed to separate the remaining nodes into two or more isolated subgraphs. It is closely related to the theory of network flow problems. The connectivity of a graph is an important measure of its resilience as a network.

Maximum and minimum
In mathematical analysis, the maximum and minimum of a function are, respectively, the greatest and least value taken by the function. Known generically as extrema, they may be defined either within a given range (the local or relative extrema) or on the entire domain (the global or absolute extrema) of a function. Pierre de Fermat was one of the first mathematicians to propose a general technique, adequality, for finding the maxima and minima of functions.

As defined in set theory, the maximum and minimum of a set are the greatest and least elements in the set, respectively. Unbounded infinite sets, such as the set of real numbers, have no minimum or maximum.

In statistics, the corresponding concept is the sample maximum and minimum.
Yanov Torah
The Yanov Torah is a hand-written copy of the Torah assembled from the individual sheaves of Torah manuscripts, smuggled into the Janowska concentration camp during the Holocaust in World War II. The Janowska, also known as the Yanov death camp, located not far from the Lwów Ghetto, was a place of execution of tens of thousands of Polish Jews between September 1941 and November 1943. A Sefer Torah, the holiest book within Judaism venerated by Jews, was reassembled by prisoners from manuscripts unearthed at Lwów's Jewish cemetery. Following World War II, it was smuggled out of the then Soviet Union and brought to Los Angeles. It has been donated to the rabbinical programs at Hebrew Union College, where it is taken on tour to various synagogues and assemblies so that the story of its history can be told.

Janowska concentration camp
Janowska concentration camp (Polish: Janowska, Russian: Янов or "Yanov", Ukrainian: Янівський табір) was a German Nazi concentration camp combining elements of labor, transit, and extermination camps. It was established in September 1941 on the outskirts of Lwów in what had become, after the German invasion, the General Government (today: Lviv, Ukraine). The camp was named after the nearby street Janowska in Lwów of the interwar Second Polish Republic.

The Germans liquidated the camp in November 1943, with the evidence of mass murder being largely destroyed in the Nazi program of Sonderaktion 1005. Estimates put the total number of prisoners who passed through the Janowska camp at between 100,000 and 120,000, mostly Polish and Soviet Jews. The number of victims murdered at the camp is estimated at 35,000–40,000.