hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Szlak Batorego
Szlak Batorego (Trail of Báthory) is a manmade waterway in Poland first developed during the reign of Stephen Báthory in the 1600s.  It connects the Zegrze Reservoir, the Narew, the Biebrza, the Augustów Canal, and the Neman River.

On July 16, 2007, the tourism board in Warsaw established the "King Stephen Báthory Trail" as a recreational trail. This trail includes the cities of: Frombork, Elbląg, Malbork, Sztum, Grudziądz, Bydgoszcz, Solec Kujawski, Toruń, Włocławek, Płock, Warsaw, Serock, Pułtusk, Ostrołęka, Łomża, and Augustów, along with Hrodna in Belarus and Druskininkai in Lithuania.

Serock
Serock [ˈsɛrɔt͡sk] is a town at the north bank of the Zegrze lake in the Legionowo County, Masovian Voivodeship, in central Poland, around 40 kilometres (25 miles) north of Warsaw. It has 4,109 inhabitants (2013).
Rafael Marques de Morais
Rafael Marques de Morais (born 1971) is an Angolan investigative journalist and anti-corruption activist who received several international awards for his reporting on conflict diamonds and government corruption in Angola. He has headed the anti-corruption watchdog Maka Angola since 2008. He was also a director of the Friends of Angola human rights lobbying organisation, and established the UFOLO Center of Studies for a Good Governance in Luanda.

Anti-corruption
Anti-corruption (or anticorruption) comprises activities that oppose or inhibit corruption. Just as corruption takes many forms, anti-corruption efforts vary in scope and in strategy. A general distinction between preventive and reactive measures is sometimes drawn. In such framework, investigative authorities and their attempts to unveil corrupt practices would be considered reactive, while education on the negative impact of corruption, or firm-internal compliance programs are classified as the former.
The Mosquito (film)
The Mosquito (German: Die Mücke) is a 1954 West German drama film directed by Walter Reisch and starring Hilde Krahl, Margot Hielscher and Gustav Knuth. It was entered into the 1955 Cannes Film Festival. It was shot at the Tempelhof Studios in West Berlin and the Wansbek Studios in Haburg. The film's sets were designed by the art director Rolf Zehetbauer.

1955 Cannes Film Festival
The 8th Cannes Film Festival took place from 26 April to 10 May 1955. French writer and filmmaker Marcel Pagnol served as jury president for the main competition.

The first Palme d'Or was awarded, as the highest prize of the Festival, to Marty by Delbert Mann.

Until the 1954 Festival, the whimsical way various prizes were being awarded had drawn much criticism. In answer to this, from 1955 onwards, the Jury was composed of foreign celebrities from the film industry.

The festival opened with Rififi by Jules Dassin, and closed with Carmen Jones by Otto Preminger.
Minister of Investment, Trade and Industry (Malaysia)
The Minister of Investment, Trade and Industry (Malay: Menteri Pelaburan, Perdagangan dan Industri; Jawi: منتري ڤلابوران ڤرداݢڠن دان اندوستري‎), is a minister in the Government of Malaysia, with responsibility for the Ministry of Investment, Trade and Industry (MITI).

The current minister is Johari Abdul Ghani, who was appointed by Anwar Ibrahim on 17 December 2025. He has been deputised by Sim Tze Tzin since 17 December 2025.

Alliance Party (Malaysia)
The Alliance Party (Malay: Parti Perikatan) was a political coalition in Malaysia. The Alliance Party, whose membership comprised the ethnic parties of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), the Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA) and the Malaysian Indian Congress (MIC), was informally founded in 1952 before being formally registered as a political organisation in 1957 after its victory in the 1955 Malayan general election. It was the ruling coalition of Malaya from 1957 to 1963, and Malaysia from 1963 to 1974. The coalition became known as the Barisan Nasional (BN) that year, which ruled Malaysia for another 44 years until 2018.
Florida State Road 915
State Road 915 (SR 915), locally known as Northeast Sixth Avenue, is a 5.86-mile-long (9.43 km) north–south street through the residential and business areas of the northern Miami-Dade County municipalities of Miami Shores, Biscayne Park, North Miami, and North Miami Beach.  It extends from an intersection with Biscayne Boulevard (U.S. Route 1 or US 1) near Northeast 88th Terrace north to an interchange of Interstate 95 (I-95) and Miami Gardens Drive (SR 860, also called Northeast 183rd Street).  It is often used by commuters as an alternative to the oft-congested Interstate and U.S. Highway between Miami and Hollywood.

Interstate 95 in Florida
Interstate 95 (I-95) is the main Interstate Highway of Florida's Atlantic Coast. It begins at a partial interchange with US Highway 1 (US 1) just south of downtown Miami and heads north through Jacksonville, and to the Georgia state line at the St. Marys River near Becker. The route also passes through the cities of Fort Lauderdale, West Palm Beach, Port St. Lucie, Titusville, and Daytona Beach.

I-95 runs for 382 miles (615 km), making Florida's portion the longest of any state the Interstate passes through. The first 12.848 miles (20.677 km), from exits 1 to 12, has an internal unsigned designation as State Road 9A (SR 9A), while the remainder of the route up to the Georgia state line is the unsigned portion of SR 9.
Arsenic triiodide
Arsenic triiodide is the inorganic compound with the formula AsI3. It is an orange to dark red solid that readily sublimes. It is a pyramidal molecule that is useful for preparing organoarsenic compounds.

Organoarsenic chemistry
Organoarsenic chemistry is the chemistry of compounds containing a chemical bond between arsenic and carbon. A few organoarsenic compounds, also called "organoarsenicals," are produced industrially with uses as insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides. In general these applications are declining in step with growing concerns about their impact on the environment and human health. The parent compounds are arsane and arsenic acid. Despite the toxicity of arsenic, organoarsenic natural products are well known.
2011 Blu-express.com Tennis Cup
The 2011 Blu-express.com Tennis Cup was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the fifth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2011 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Todi, Italy between 12 and 18 September 2011.

Filippo Volandri
Filippo Volandri (Italian pronunciation: [fiˈlippo voˈlandri]; born 5 September 1981) is an Italian tennis coach and former professional player.
Volandri reached a career-high singles ranking of world no. 25 in July 2007.
He turned professional in 1997 and earned almost $4 million in prize money, winning 2 ATP titles (out of 9 finals in total). His biggest victory was defeating Roger Federer, world number 1, at 2007 Italian Open – Men's singles. Retired in 2017, the following year he became coach and since 2021 he has been the captain of the Italian team, which he led to the win of three consecutive Davis Cups in 2023, 2024 and 2025, establishing a new international record.
Prevertebral space
The prevertebral space is a space in the neck.

On one side it is bounded by the prevertebral fascia.

On the other side, some sources define it as bounded by the vertebral bodies, and others define it as bounded by the longus colli.

It includes the prevertebral muscles (longus colli and longus capitis), vertebral artery, vertebral vein, scalene muscles, phrenic nerve and part of the brachial plexus.

In trauma, an increased thickness of the prevertebral space is a sign of injury, and can be measured with medical imaging.

Brachial plexus
The brachial plexus is a network of nerves (nerve plexus) formed by the anterior rami of the lower four cervical nerves and the first thoracic nerve (C5, C6, C7, C8, and T1). This plexus extends from the spinal cord, through the cervicoaxillary canal in the neck, over the first rib, and into the armpit, it supplies afferent and efferent nerve fibers to the chest, shoulder, arm, forearm, and hand.
Daniel Lee
Daniel Lee is the name of:

Daniel Armand Lee (born 1980), South Korean hip hop artist, songwriter and lyricist

Daniel Curtis Lee (born 1991), American actor

Daniel Lewis Lee (1973–2020), American convicted murderer

Dan M. Lee (1926–2010), Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Mississippi

Daniel W. Lee (1919–1985), American Army officer and Medal of Honor recipient

Daniel Lee (designer) (born 1986), creative director at Burberry

Daniel Lee (film director), Hong Kong film director

Daniel Lee (Oregon missionary), Methodist missionary in Oregon

Daniel Lee (politician) (1830–?), American politician

Daniel Lee (swimmer) (born 1990), Sri Lankan swimmer, competitor at the 2008 Summer Olympics

Daniel Lee (triathlete) (born 1977), Olympic triathlete from Hong Kong

Daniel Lee Chee Hun (born 1982), Malaysian musician

Daniel W. Lee
Daniel Warnel Lee Sr. (June 23, 1919 – January 22, 1985) was a United States Army officer and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration—the Medal of Honor—for his actions in World War II.
Cowles Company
The Cowles Company is an American diversified media company based in Spokane, Washington. The company owns and operates The Spokesman-Review in Spokane, founded in 1894, and owned the Spokane Daily Chronicle until it was shut down in 1992. Built by William H. Cowles, the publishing business eventually constructed striking buildings in downtown Spokane for both papers. The Chronicle Building was eventually converted into offices and then residential. The company also owned several other papers and operates Inland Empire Paper Company, television stations, and interests in real estate, insurance, marketing and financial services.

William Stacey Cowles, the publisher of The Spokesman-Review, is the great-grandson of the company's founder, William H. Cowles, and the fourth generation of the Cowles family to run the paper. His sister, Elizabeth A. Cowles, is chairwoman of the parent company.  Rob Curley is the editor.

Rob Curley
Rob Curley (born January 10, 1971) is the former president and executive editor of Greenspun Interactive, the new-media division of the Las Vegas Sun and Greenspun Media Group. Curley has been distinguished for his work in hyperlocal convergence journalism. He left the Sun in May 2012 to pursue other interests. Since 2016 Curley has been the editor for the Spokesman-Review in Spokane, Washington.
Sherpur, Punjab
Sherpur is a village in Jalandhar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 7.4 km from Nurmahal, 24.8 km from Phillaur, 36.3 km from district headquarter Jalandhar and 135 km from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by a sarpanch who is an elected representative of village as per Panchayati raj (India).

Jalandhar district
Jalandhar district is a district in Doaba region of the state of Punjab, India. The district headquarters is the city of Jalandhar.

Before the Partition of India, Jalandhar was also the headquarters of the Jalandhar Division, with constituent districts Jalandhar, Hoshiarpur, Ludhiana, Ferozepur and Kangra. The entire Jalandhar Division was awarded to India when Punjab was partitioned.
Edward Fredkin
Edward Fredkin (October 2, 1934 – June 13, 2023) was an American computer scientist, physicist and businessman who was an early pioneer of digital physics.

Fredkin's primary contributions included work on reversible computing and cellular automata. While Konrad Zuse's book, Calculating Space (1969), mentioned the importance of reversible computation, the Fredkin gate represented the essential breakthrough. In more recent work, he used the term digital philosophy (DP).

During his career, Fredkin was a professor of computer science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, a Fairchild Distinguished Scholar at Caltech, a distinguished career professor at Carnegie Mellon University, and a research professor of physics at Boston University.

Calculating Space
Calculating Space (German: Rechnender Raum) is Konrad Zuse's 1969 book on automata theory. He proposed that all processes in the universe are computational. This view is known today as the simulation hypothesis, digital philosophy, digital physics or pancomputationalism. Zuse proposed that the universe is being computed by some sort of cellular automaton or other discrete computing machinery, challenging the long-held view that some physical laws are continuous by nature. He focused on cellular automata as a possible substrate of the computation and pointed out that the classical notions of entropy and its growth do not make sense in deterministically computed universes.
Ear to the Street
Ear to the Street is the debut studio album by American hip hop duo the Conscious Daughters. It was released in 1993 via Scarface Records and Priority Records. The album peaked at No. 126 on the Billboard 200, at No. 25 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart, and at No. 7 on the Heatseekers Albums. It spawned two singles, "Somethin' to Ride To (Fonky Expedition)" and "We Roll Deep", both of which made it to the Billboard charts.

Priority Records
Priority Records is an American distribution company and record label known for artists including N.W.A, Ice Cube, MC Ren, Dr. Dre, Master P, Snoop Dogg, Mos Def, Silkk the Shocker, Jay-Z, Paris, Mack 10, 504 Boyz, Brotha Lynch Hung, C-Murder, Mia X, Westside Connection, and Ice-T. It also distributed hip-hop record labels including Death Row Records, Hoo-Bangin' Records, No Limit Records, Posthuman Records, Rap-A-Lot Records, Rawkus Records, Roc-A-Fella Records, Ruthless Records Duck Down Records, and Wu-Tang Records. According to Billboard, "few record labels were as important to the rise of West Coast hip-hop as Priority Records".
Cosmopterix crassicervicella
Cosmopterix crassicervicella is a moth of the  family Cosmopterigidae. It is found from southern France and the Iberian Peninsula to Greece and Crete. It is also found on the Canary Islands and in the United Arab Emirates.

Adults are on wing from mid-April to mid-June and again from the end of August to the end of October.

The larvae feed on Cyperus species. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

Cyperus
Cyperus is a large genus of about 700 species of sedges, distributed throughout all continents in both tropical and temperate regions.

The word comes from the ancient Greek κύπερος (kúperos), which meant one or several species of this genus. Common names include papyrus sedges, flatsedges, nutsedges, umbrella-sedges, galingales, and zozoro (from Malagasy).
National Cadet Corps (Singapore)
The National Cadet Corps (NCC) is a military-themed youth organisation supported by the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) and the Ministry of Education (MOE). As of 2020, it had more than 11,000 members, including officers, cadet officers and cadets. The Corps is represented in 125 secondary schools with a total of 146 "units" comprising 108 "Land units", 20 "Air units" and 18 "Sea units". Formed in 1901, it is one of the country's oldest youth organisations. While NCC adopts military-style training and structure, it holds no actual military authority and primarily serves as an educational and character-building experience through structured simulation and drills.

Ministry of Education (Singapore)
The Ministry of Education (MOE; Malay: Kementerian Pendidikan; Chinese: 教育部; Tamil: கல்வி அமைச்சு) is a ministry of the Government of Singapore responsible for the formulation and implementation of policies related to the education in Singapore.
Existential generalization
In predicate logic, existential generalization (also known as existential introduction, ∃I) is a valid rule of inference that allows one to move from a specific statement, or one instance, to a quantified generalized statement, or existential proposition. In first-order logic, it is often used as a rule for the existential quantifier () in formal proofs.

Example: "Rover loves to wag his tail. Therefore, something loves to wag its tail."

Example: "Alice made herself a cup of tea. Therefore, Alice made someone a cup of tea."

Example: "Alice made herself a cup of tea. Therefore, someone made someone a cup of tea."

In the Fitch-style calculus:

where  is obtained from  by replacing all its free occurrences of  (or some of them) by .

Fitch notation
Fitch notation, also known as Fitch diagrams (named after Frederic Fitch), is a method of presenting natural deduction proofs in propositional calculus and first-order logics using a structured, line-by-line format that explicitly shows assumptions, inferences, and their scope. It was invented by Frederic Brenton Fitch in the 1930s and later popularized through his textbook Symbolic Logic (1952). Fitch notation is notable for its use of indentation or boxes to indicate the scope of subordinate assumptions, making it one of the most pedagogically accessible systems for teaching formal logic.
Chesham Urban District
51°42′11″N 0°36′07″W﻿ / ﻿51.703°N 0.602°W﻿ / 51.703; -0.602

The town of Chesham formed a local government district in the administrative county of Buckinghamshire, England, from 1884 to 1974. It was administered as a local government district from 1884 to 1894, and as an urban district from 1894 to 1974.

Latimer, Buckinghamshire
Latimer is a village in Buckinghamshire, England, on the border with Hertfordshire. It is within the civil parish of Latimer and Ley Hill (known as simply Latimer until 2013), which also includes the village of Ley Hill and the hamlet of Tyler's Hill.
2013 Queensland local elections
The 2013 Queensland local elections were held on 9 November 2013 to elect the mayors and councils of four local government areas in Queensland, Australia.

Elections were held for the shires of Douglas, Livingstone, Mareeba and Noosa following successful votes to de-amalgamate from the regions of Cairns, Rockhampton, Tablelands and Sunshine Coast respectively. The demergers officially came into effect on 1 January 2014.

Tablelands Region
The Tablelands Region is a local government area in Far North Queensland, Australia inland from the city of Cairns. Established in 2008, it was preceded by four previous local government areas which dated back more than a century. On 1 January 2014, one of those local government areas, the Shire of Mareeba, was re-established independent of the Tablelands Region.

It has an estimated operating budget of A$62.2 million.

In the 2021 census, the Tablelands Region had a population of 26,244 people.
Orcadian dialect
Orcadian dialect or Orcadian Scots is a dialect of Insular Scots spoken by Orcadians, itself a dialect of the Scots language. It is derived from Lowland Scots, with a degree of Norwegian influence from the Norn language.

Due to the influence of Orkney fur traders working for the Hudson's Bay Company in early Canada, a creole language called Bungi developed, with substratal influence from Scottish English, Orcadian Scots, Norn, Scottish Gaelic, French, Cree, and Saulteaux Ojibwe. As of 2013, Bungi is thought to have very few if any speakers and is potentially extinct.

In 2021, Orcadian poet Harry Josephine Giles released a science fiction verse novel, Deep Wheel Orcadia, in Orcadian Scots with parallel translation into standard English, described by their publisher as a "unique adventure in minority language poetry".

Fur trade
The fur trade is a worldwide industry dealing in the acquisition and sale of animal fur. Since the establishment of a world fur market in the early modern period, furs of boreal, polar and cold temperate mammalian animals have been the most valued. Historically the trade stimulated the exploration and colonization of Siberia, northern North America, and the South Shetland and South Sandwich Islands.

Today the importance of the fur trade has diminished; it is based on pelts produced at fur farms and regulated fur-bearer trapping, but has become controversial. Animal rights organizations oppose the fur trade, citing that animals are brutally killed and sometimes skinned alive. Fur has been replaced in some clothing by synthetic imitations, for example, as in ruffs on hoods of parkas.
John Went
Christianity portal

John Stewart Went (born 11 March 1944) was the Anglican Bishop of Tewkesbury, the suffragan bishop in the Diocese of Gloucester, from 25 January 1996 until 2 March 2013.

He was educated at Colchester Royal Grammar School and Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. He was made deacon at Michaelmas 1969 (29 September), by Robert Stopford, Bishop of London, at St Paul's Cathedral, and ordained priest the Michaelmas following (29 September 1970), by Graham Leonard, Bishop of Willesden, at St Mary's, Willesden. Went married Rosemary Dunn in 1968 before embarking on a clerical career with a curacy in Northwood, London followed by an incumbency at Margate. Vice-principal of Wycliffe Hall, Oxford from 1983 until 1989 when he became Archdeacon of Surrey. In 1996 he became the suffragan Bishop of Tewkesbury; he was consecrated a bishop on 25 January 1996 by George Carey, Archbishop of Canterbury, at Westminster Abbey.

Graham Leonard
Christianity portal

Catholicism portal

Graham Douglas Leonard KCVO (8 May 1921 – 6 January 2010) was an English Roman Catholic priest and former Anglican bishop. His principal ministry was as a bishop of the Church of England but, after his retirement as the Bishop of London, he became a Roman Catholic, becoming the most senior Anglican cleric to do so since the English Reformation. He was conditionally ordained to the priesthood in the Roman Catholic Church and was later appointed a monsignor by Pope John Paul II.
Flora of Cantabria
The flora of Cantabria is the result of three determining factors: the climate, the composition of the soil, directly dependent on the types of existing rocks, and the evolutionary history of the different plant formations.

From the point of view of its flora, Cantabria is located between two biogeographic realms. Most of the territory belongs to the Eurosiberian region, but the southern end is part of the Mediterranean region. This border situation has a direct effect on the characteristics of the plant landscape of the region, where Mediterranean and Atlantic species intermingle, enriching the botanical composition of the different existing ecosystems.

Liébana
Liébana is a comarca of Cantabria (Spain). It covers 575 square kilometres and is located in the far southwest of Cantabria, bordering Asturias, León and Palencia. It is made up of the municipalities of: Cabezón de Liébana, Camaleño, Cillorigo de Liébana, Pesaguero, Potes, Tresviso and Vega de Liébana.
Abdur Rahim Khan
Abdur Rahim Khan (Urdu: عبدالرحیم خان ; 25 October 1925 – 28 February 1990) was a three-star air officer who served as the last Commander-in-Chief of the  Pakistan Air Force under President Yahya Khan, from 1969 until 1972.

In 1972, Air-Marshal Abdur Rahim Khan along with the Pakistan Army's Commander-in-Chief Lieutenant-General Gul Hassan was prematurely retired from military service over his refusal against Zulfikar Ali Bhutto to use Pakistan Air Force aircraft in Lyallpur to buzz over crowds of police agitation, demanding pay raise. Later he joined the  Foreign Service and served as Pakistan's ambassador to Spain till 13 April 1977, when along with General Gul Hassan Khan, who was then the Pakistan ambassador to Greece, he resigned in protest against the rigging of the general elections in 1977.

Commander-in-Chief of the Pakistan Army
The Commander-in-Chief of the Pakistan Army (abbreviation: C-in-C of the Pakistan Army) was the professional head of the Pakistan Army from 1947 to 1972. As an administrative position, the appointment holder had main operational command authority over the army.

Direct appointments to the command of the Pakistan Army came from the British Army Council until 1951, when the first native Pakistani commander-in-chief (General Ayub Khan) was nominated and appointed by the Government of Pakistan.

The C-in-C designation was changed to 'Chief of Army Staff' in 1972; General Tikka Khan was the first person to hold the new title. Six generals have served as C-in-C, the first two of them were native British and the post's name was derived from the post of Commander-in-Chief of the British Indian Army.