hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mavulis Island
Mavulis Island is the northernmost of the Batanes Islands and the northernmost island in the Philippines. It is part of the archipelagic province of Batanes. The island is uninhabited, but it is garrisoned by the Armed Forces of the Philippines which constructed a shelter for local fishermen, a water desalination plant, a helipad, lighthouse, and a flagpole on the top of the hill on the island considered as the northernmost flagpole in the country.

Mavulis Island is much closer to the Taiwanese mainland than the Philippine mainland of Luzon itself. The southernmost point of Taiwan Cape Eluanbi is about 142 km away, while the northernmost tip of Luzon mainland (Maira-ira Point, Pagudpud in Ilocos Norte) is about 200 km away. The nearest Taiwanese territory is the Orchid Island group, with the uninhabited Lesser Orchid island just barely 98 km away.

Pagudpud
Pagudpud, officially the Municipality of Pagudpud (Ilocano: Ili ti Pagudpud; Filipino: Bayan ng Pagudpud), is a municipality in the province of Ilocos Norte, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 25,565 people.

It is the northernmost settlement on Luzon Island and a popular tourist destination because of its resorts and beaches. In addition to tourism, people also make their living through farming, fishing, and subsistence retailing. Recently, many windmills are erected in Barangay Caparispisan.
Leichenlager
Leichenlager is the third studio album by the German metal band Eisregen. It was released in January 2000 through record label Last Episode. The album also has a digipack version, released as well in January 2000.

Optical disc packaging
Optical disc packaging is the packaging that accompanies CDs, DVDs, and other formats of optical discs. Most packaging is rigid or semi-rigid and designed to protect the media from scratches and other types of exposure damage.
Nuno Severiano Teixeira
Henrique Nuno Pires Severiano Teixeira (born November 5, 1957, in Portuguese Guinea) is a Portuguese academic and politician. Severiano Teixeira is a full professor at New University of Lisbon, and was also the vice rector of the same institution. He is director of the Portuguese Institute of International Relations (IPRI), an academic research institute that belongs to NOVA University of Lisbon. He is currently a visiting professor at Georgetown University.

Nuno Severiano Teixeira was Minister of Internal Administration in the 14th Constitutional Government, the second of the Prime Minister António Guterres. He was also Minister of Defense in the 17th Constitutional Government, the first of the Prime Minister José Sócrates.

Severiano Teixeira is the author of several publications in the fields of Military History, International Relations, Security and Defense, and European Integration.

Portuguese Guinea
Portuguese Guinea (Portuguese: Guiné Portuguesa), called the Overseas Province of Guinea from 1951 until 1972 and then State of Guinea from 1972 until 1974, was a Portuguese overseas province in West Africa from 1588 until 10 September 1974, when it gained independence as Guinea-Bissau.
Philipps
Philipps is an English, Dutch, and German surname meaning "lover of horses". Derivative, patronym, of the more common ancient Greek name "Philippos" and "Philippides". Philipps has also been a shortened version of Philippson, a German surname especially prevalent amongst German Jews and Dutch Jews. Notable people with this surname are:

Busy Philipps (born 1979), American film actress

Colwyn Philipps, 3rd Viscount St Davids (1939–2009), British peer

Kinga Philipps (born 1976), American actress

Rhodri Philipps (born 1966), eldest son of the current Viscount St Davids

Richard Philipps (1661–1750), British Governor of Nova Scotia

Sir John Philipps, 6th Baronet (circa 1701–1764), Welsh Jacobite politician

Sir Owen Cosby Philipps (1863–1937), Knight of Justice of the Order of St John

Wogan Philipps, 2nd Baron Milford (1902–1993), only member of the Communist Party of Great Britain ever to sit in the House of Lords

Mount Philipps, a mountain in New Zealand

Owen Philipps, 1st Baron Kylsant
Owen Cosby Philipps, 1st Baron Kylsant (25 March 1863 – 5 June 1937), known as Sir Owen Philipps between 1909 and 1923, was a British businessman and politician, jailed in 1931 for producing a document with intent to deceive.
Crofton (surname)
Crofton is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anne Crofton, 1st Baroness Crofton (1751–1817), Irish peeress in her own right

C. S. F. Crofton (1873–1909), British philatelist and a member of the Indian Civil Service

Eileen Crofton (1919–2010), Scottish physician, anti-smoking campaigner and author

Edward Crofton (disambiguation), several people

Guy Crofton, 7th Baron Crofton (1951–2007), Anglo-Irish officer in the British Army

John Crofton (1912–2009), Anglo-Irish physician, pioneer in the treatment of tuberculosis

Kathleen Crofton (died 1982), English dancer, dance director and dance teacher

Meg Crofton (born 1953), American businesswoman, Walt Disney World Resort

Morgan Crofton (1826–1915), Irish mathematician

Patrick Crofton (1935–2016), Canadian politician

Walter Crofton (1815–1897), Anglo-Irish prison administrator and penal reformer

Zachary Crofton (1626–1672), Anglo-Irish nonconforming minister and controversialist

Patrick Crofton
Patrick Dermott Crofton (29 May 1935 – 5 January 2016) was a Canadian politician, businessman and farmer. Crofton served as a Progressive Conservative party member of the House of Commons of Canada.

Crofton was first elected at the riding of Esquimalt—Saanich and served in the 33rd Canadian Parliament. In the 1988 federal election, following changes to riding boundaries, he was defeated at the Saanich—Gulf Islands riding by Lynn Hunter of the New Democratic Party. He died in 2016 at the age of 80.
Robert M. Cutler
Robert Mollison Cutler (October 9, 1784 – May 1, 1883) was a merchant and political figure in Nova Scotia. He represented Guysborough County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1818 to 1829.

He was born in Guysborough, Nova Scotia, the son of Thomas Cutler, and was educated there. In 1809, Cutler married Sophia Reynolds. He served as custos rotulorum for Guysborough County. In 1838, he was named to the province's Legislative Council. Cutler was also deputy prothonotary, crown clerk and postmaster.

His daughter Harriet married James Ballaine, who represented Sydney County in the provincial assembly. His daughter Maria married William Frederick DesBarres, a judge and also a member of the provincial assembly.

Custos rotulorum
Custos rotulorum (/ˈkʌstɒs roʊtjʊˈlɔːrəm/; plural: custodes rotulorum; Latin for "keeper of the rolls", Neo-Latin: [ˈkus.tos roˈtuː.lo.rum]) is a civic post that is recognised in the United Kingdom (except Scotland) and in Jamaica.
Sepúlveda family of California
The Sepúlveda family is a prominent Californio family of Southern California. Members of the family held extensive rancho grants and numerous important positions, including Alcalde de Los Ángeles (Mayor of Los Angeles), California State Assemblymen, and Los Angeles County Supervisor.

Mission San Juan Capistrano
Mission San Juan Capistrano (Spanish: Misión San Juan Capistrano) is a Spanish mission in San Juan Capistrano, Orange County, California. Founded November 1, 1776 in colonial Las Californias by Spanish Catholic missionaries of the Franciscan Order, it was named for Saint John of Capistrano. The Spanish Colonial Baroque style church was located in the Alta California province of the Viceroyalty of New Spain. The Mission was founded less than 60 yards from the village of Acjacheme. The Mission was secularized by the Mexican government in 1833, and returned to the Roman Catholic Church by the United States government in 1865. The Mission was damaged over the years by a number of natural disasters, but restoration and renovation efforts date from around 1910. It functions today as a museum.
Flower differentiation
Flower differentiation is a plant process by which the shoot apical meristem changes its anatomy to generate a flower or inflorescence in lieu of other structures. Anatomical changes begin at the edge of the meristem, generating first the outer whorls of the flower - the calyx and the corolla, and later the inner whorls of the flower, the androecium and gynoecium.

Flower differentiation can take from only a few days (in annual plants) to 4–11 months (in fruit crops).

The process is preceded by flower induction.

Crop
A crop is a plant or plant product harvested for human use. Crops are cultivated at scale to produce food, fiber, fuel, and other products. Crops have been central to human civilization since the first agricultural revolution, a key stage in the broader history of agriculture, when early societies domesticated plants for food and trade. Today, a small number of staple crops such as rice, wheat, maize, and sugarcane account for the majority of global production. Because of their economic importance, crops are studied within several scientific disciplines, including agronomy, agricultural science, horticulture, and forestry.
Kathryn Leng
Kathryn Maria Leng (born 28 September 1973 in Pudsey) is a former English cricketer for England Women, Yorkshire and Bradford/Leeds UCCE.

Born in Pudsey, Yorkshire, Leng was U-19 captain for England Women and first played for the senior squad in a One-Day International in 1995. In April 1999, Leng played for Yorkshire Bank first team in the Bradford Cricket League, the first woman to play in that league, and became the first woman to play inter UCCE cricket in 2001. She was dropped from England's one-day squad in 2002 after taking an unauthorized holiday in Tenerife. Although she was recalled for the 2003 tour of Australia, her last Test match was in February 2003. Her highest Test score came in 1996, with 144 against New Zealand, which is the record for the highest individual score by any cricketer when batting at number 7 position or lower in Women's Test history.

England women's cricket team in Australia in 2002–03
The English women's cricket team toured Australia in February 2003, where Australia were defending the Women's Ashes. The two sides had just played in an ODI quadrangular tournament in New Zealand, the 2002–03 World Series of Women's Cricket, which was won by Australia. Australia won the first test by five wickets, whilst the second test was drawn after being heavily affected by rain. Australia therefore retained the Ashes.
Madeleine Martin
Madeleine Martin (born April 15, 1993) is an American actress, known for voicing JoJo Tickle, the title character on the Playhouse Disney children's animated TV series JoJo's Circus and Fionna Campbell in the Cartoon Network series Adventure Time and its Max spin-off Adventure Time: Fionna and Cake, and for playing the character Rebecca "Becca" Moody on the Showtime comedy-drama Californication and Shelley Godfrey from the second and third seasons of the Netflix horror series Hemlock Grove.

Playhouse Disney
Playhouse Disney was a brand of programming blocks and international cable and satellite television channels that were owned by the Disney Channels Worldwide unit (now Disney Branded Television) of The Walt Disney Company's Disney–ABC Television Group. It originated in the United States as a morning program block on the Disney Channel. Aimed mainly at children at two to seven years of age, its programming featured a mix of live-action and animated series.

The Playhouse Disney block on Disney Channel was rebranded as the Disney Junior block on Disney Channel on February 14, 2011. The remaining channels and blocks using the Playhouse Disney brand outside the US relaunched under the Disney Junior brand over the next two years, concluding with the rebranding of the Playhouse Disney block on Disney Channel Russia on September 1, 2013.
Youssef Idrissi
Youssef Idrissi (born 19 January 1988) is a French former professional footballer who plays as a midfielder.

Idrissi was born in Saint-Étienne, France, to Moroccan parents born in Meknès.

Idrissi started his career at Saint-Étienne.

Meknes
Meknes (Arabic: مكناس, romanized: maknās, pronounced [maknaːs]) is one of the four Imperial cities of Morocco, located in northern central Morocco and the sixth largest city by population in the kingdom. Founded in the 11th century by the Almoravids as a military settlement, Meknes became the capital of Morocco during the reign of Sultan Ismail Ibn Sharif (1672–1727), son of the founder of the Alaouite dynasty. Sultan Ismail created a massive imperial palace complex and endowed the city with extensive fortifications and monumental gates. The city recorded a population of 551,503 in the 2024 Moroccan census. It is the seat of Meknès Prefecture and an important economic hub in the region of Fès-Meknès.
Loren Fatović
Loren Fatović (born 16 November 1996) is a Croatian water polo player for VK Jadran Split and the Croatian national team.

He participated at the 2017 World Championships and 2019 World Championships. Fatović also competed for Croatia at the 2020 Summer Olympics and 2024 Summer Olympics.

Croatia men's national water polo team
The Croatia men's national water polo team represents Croatia in international water polo competitions and is controlled by the Croatian Water Polo Federation. They have won gold medals in the Olympics, World and European Championships, FINA World League and Mediterranean Games, making them one of the most successful men's water polo teams in the world. Overall Croatia won 33 medals at competitions.

It was the first Croatian national team to win a gold medal at the Olympics or World Games, the World and European Championships.

Croatia played their 800th game since gaining independence on 20 August 2022 and they won their 517th victory.
El drama del 15 de octubre
El drama del 15 de octubre (English: The Drama of 15 October) is a lost Colombian silent film directed by the Di Domenico brothers. Considered the first feature documentary film produced in Colombia, it depicts events surrounding the assassination of General Rafael Uribe Uribe on 15 October 1914, including a reconstruction of the killing itself. It was first screened to the public on 21 November 1915 at Salón Olympia in Bogotá.

El drama del 15 de octubre was heavily criticized for its subject matter, for incorporating photographs of Uribe's body, and for employing Uribe's killers in its reconstruction of his assassination. A court ordered all copies of the documentary destroyed, and its content is known only from newspaper articles contemporary to the movie's release. The controversy surrounding the film seriously affected the Colombian movie industry, which released no films for several years after.

Rafael Uribe Uribe
Rafael Victor Zenón Uribe Uribe (12 April 1859 – 15 October 1914) was a Colombian lawyer, journalist, and general in the liberal party rebel army.

Uribe Uribe is best known for his political ideas in favor of the establishment of Guild socialism and trade unions in Colombia, his diplomatic work and his support of Colombian coffee growers in fighting diseases such as rust. One of his greatest contributions was, along with Benjamin Herrera, the founding of the Republican University that later became the Free University of Colombia. The Rafael Uribe Uribe Palace of Culture in Medellín is named after him.
Mass media in Georgia (country)
The mass media in Georgia refers to mass media outlets based in the Republic of Georgia. Television, magazines, and newspapers are all operated by both state-owned and for-profit corporations which depend on advertising, subscription, and other sales-related revenues. The Constitution of Georgia guarantees freedom of speech. Georgia is the only country in its immediate neighborhood where the press is not deemed unfree. As a country in transition, the Georgian media system is under transformation.

The media environment of Georgia remains the freest and most diverse in the South Caucasus, despite the long-term politicisation and polarisation affecting the sector. The political struggle for control over the public broadcaster left it without a direction in 2014.

A large percentage of Georgian households have a television, and most have at least one radio. Most of Georgia's media companies are headquartered in its capital and largest city, Tbilisi.

Subscription business model
The subscription business model is a business model in which a customer must pay a recurring price at regular intervals for access to a product or service. The model was pioneered by publishers of books and periodicals in the 17th century. It is particularly common now for digital products, which lend themselves more naturally toward a subscription model.

Subscriptions can be a more convenient, hassle-free transaction for consumers. However, due to inertia among some consumers, they may inadvertently pay for subscriptions that they no longer value because they do not realize that they are subscribed.
Hit Factory (album)
Hit Factory is a compilation album of songs by the Monkees, released by Pair Records in 1985 and licensed from Arista Records. The album was available as a two-record set or single cassette and sold surprisingly well the year following its release, after the Pleasant Valley Sunday MTV marathon of their television series in February 1986 reawakened interest in the Monkees.

Despite its title, the album did not include a full selection of hit singles, instead featuring a mixture of hits, B-sides and album tracks, including then-rarely heard songs from the Monkees' 1968 film Head and their 1969 albums Instant Replay and The Monkees Present. The Billboard chart hit "Tapioca Tundra" (No. 34) makes its U.S. compilation debut here.

The photo of the band used on the cover is a flipped image from the original.

Head (film)
Head is a 1968 American satirical musical adventure film written and produced by Jack Nicholson and Bob Rafelson, directed by Rafelson, starring television rock group the Monkees (Davy Jones, Peter Tork, Micky Dolenz and Michael Nesmith) and distributed by Columbia Pictures. A theatrical spin-off of the band's 1966–68 NBC television show, it started production immediately after the series' conclusion.

During production, one of the working titles for the film was Changes, which was later the name of an album by the Monkees. Another working title was Untitled. A rough cut of the film was previewed for audiences in Los Angeles in the summer of 1968 under the title Movee Untitled.

The film featured Victor Mature as "The Big Victor" and cameo appearances by Nicholson, Teri Garr, Carol Doda, Annette Funicello, Frank Zappa, Sonny Liston, Timothy Carey, Percy Helton and Ray Nitschke. Also appearing on screen in brief non-speaking parts are Dennis Hopper and film choreographer Toni Basil.
Southern grey-headed sparrow
The southern grey-headed sparrow (Passer diffusus) is a passerine bird of the sparrow family Passeridae. It is sometimes treated as a subspecies of the grey-headed sparrow. It is found in savanna and woodland in Angola and Zambia southwards into South Africa, where it is expanding its range and is kept as a caged bird, like its relative the white-rumped seedeater.

Old World sparrow
Old World sparrows are groups of small passerine birds forming the family Passeridae. They are also known as true sparrows, a name which is also used for a particular genus of the family Passer. They are distinct from both the New World sparrows of the family Passerellidae and from a few other birds such as the Java sparrow of the family Estrildidae sharing their name. Many species nest on buildings and the house and Eurasian tree sparrows, in particular, inhabit cities in large numbers. They are primarily seed-eaters, though they also consume small insects. Some species scavenge for food around cities and  like pigeons or gulls, will eat small quantities of a diversity of items.
1972 Mosman state by-election
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly seat of Mosman on Saturday, 29 July 1972. It was triggered by the retirement of the former Leader of the New South Wales Liberal Party and Minister of the Crown, Pat Morton.

The seat was subsequently won by David Arblaster (Liberal). Despite Mosman being a safe Liberal seat, the Labor Party fielded a candidate. The Liberal primary vote fell 11.1% compared to the previous year's general election. The same four parties contested both.

Electoral district of Mosman
Mosman was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales, originally created in 1913 and named after and including the Sydney suburb of Mosman.  In 1920, with the introduction of proportional representation, it was absorbed into North Shore. Mosman was recreated in 1927 and abolished in 1991.
Giro (company)
Giro is an American manufacturer of snow and cycling helmets; snow and mountain-biking goggles; cycling and mountain bike apparel and shoes; and softgoods for cycling, skiing and snowboarding. The company was founded in 1985 by Jim Gentes and was headquartered in Scotts Valley, California.  It was acquired by Bell Sports in 1996.

Giro is now part of Revelyst and is based at Revelyst’s offices in Irvine, CA. Giro and Bell Sports were previously owned by Vista Outdoor and had been purchased along with other brands for $400 million in 2016. In 2023, Vista Outdoor announced that the facility in Scotts Valley, California that serves as the base for Giro would be closed. Numerous relevant employees were laid off. That action had part of a move by Vista Outdoor to integrate Giro into Fox Racing.

Helmet
A helmet is a form of protective gear worn to protect the head. More specifically, a helmet complements the skull in protecting the human brain. Ceremonial or symbolic helmets (e.g., a policeman's helmet in the United Kingdom) without protective function are sometimes worn. Soldiers wear combat helmets, often made from Kevlar or other lightweight synthetic fibers.

The word helmet is derived from helm, an Old English word for a protective head covering.

Helmets are used for numerous sports (e.g., jockeys, American football, ice hockey, cricket, baseball, skiing, hurling and rock climbing); dangerous work activities such as construction, mining, riot police, military aviation, and in transportation (e.g. motorcycle helmets and bicycle helmets). Since the 1990s, most helmets are made from resin or plastic, which may be reinforced with fibers such as aramids.
Institute of Nursing and Health Research
The Ulster University's Institute of Nursing and Health Research (INHR), previously known as the University of Ulster's Institute of Nursing Research, is a research institute of Ulster University which is physically located at the Jordanstown, Coleraine and Magee campus'. Within the institute, there are over 30 researchers and 10 professors based on the Jordanstown, Coleraine and Magee campuses of the university. In addition, the INHR has approximately 90 doctoral students researching and studying towards their chosen topics. Members of the Institute can either be full members or associate members, however visiting professors are often closely involved in research.

Research institute
A research institute, research centre, or research organization is an establishment founded for doing research. Research institutes may specialize in basic research or may be oriented to applied research. Although the term often implies natural science research, there are also many research institutes in the social science as well, especially for sociological and historical research purposes.