hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Virginia State Route 12
The following highways in Virginia have been known as State Route 12:

State Route 12, 1918–1933, originally Abingdon to Suffolk, now mainly U.S. Route 58#Virginia

State Route 12, 1933 – mid-1930s, now U.S. Route 220 in Virginia from Troutville to Clifton Forge

State Route 12, 1935–1953, now U.S. Route 340 in Virginia from Greenville to Berryville

U.S. Route 58
U.S. Route 58 (US 58) is an east–west U.S. Highway that runs for 508 miles (818 km) from U.S. Route 25E just northwest of Harrogate, Tennessee, to U.S. Route 60 in Virginia Beach, Virginia. Until 1996, when the Cumberland Gap Tunnel opened, US 58 ran only inside the commonwealth of Virginia (and it now runs only about 1 mile outside of Virginia into Tennessee before terminating). It was then extended southwest along a short piece of former US 25E, which no longer enters Virginia, to end at the new alignment in Tennessee.  For most of its alignment, it closely parallels Virginia's southern border with North Carolina.

State Route 383  (SR 383) is overlaid on U.S. Route 58 in Tennessee.

U.S. Route 58 is the longest numbered route in Virginia.
Battle of Acosta Ñu
The Battle of Acosta Ñu (Guarani: Acosta Ñu ñorairõ), also known as the Children's Battle (Spanish: Batalla de los Niños) in Paraguay and the Battle of Campo Grande (Portuguese: Batalha de Campo Grande) in Brazil, took place on 16 August 1869. It was the last major engagement of the Paraguayan War between the Triple Alliance and Paraguay. The 3,500 poorly armed Paraguayans, mostly boys between nine and fifteen years old, old men and wounded combatants, confronted 20,000 Brazilian and Argentine veteran soldiers.: 104

Treaty of the Triple Alliance
The Treaty of the Triple Alliance allied the Empire of Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay against Paraguay. Signed in 1865, after the outbreak of the Paraguayan War, its articles (plus a Protocol) prescribed the allies' actions both during and after the war. An English translation of the text is reproduced in this article.

The war lasted until 1870 and led to the near-annihilation of Paraguay.  After Paraguay's defeat, Brazil and Argentina, who were traditional enemies, hovered on the brink of mutual warfare for six years because of disputes and misunderstandings about the treaty.

According to article XVI Argentina was to receive a 600 km strip of territory in the Chaco north of the Pilcomayo River, nearly up to the Bolivian border.  From the start the Brazilian government set out to frustrate the implementation of this particular stipulation, and eventually succeeded.  Today this territory — the Central Chaco — belongs to Paraguay.
Tanaya Beatty
Tanaya Beatty (born February 12, 1991) is a Canadian actress. She is known for her role as Rachel Black in the movie adaptation of The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn - Part 1 as well as her starring roles as Jessica Finch in True Justice, Caitlin Janvier on the hit Canadian television series Arctic Air, and Sacagawea in the upcoming HBO miniseries Lewis and Clark.  In 2016, she was added to the cast of NBC's The Night Shift as Dr. Shannon Rivera. In 2018, she had the lead role as Annie in a film adaptation of Joseph Boyden's novel Through Black Spruce and as Avery in Yellowstone.

True Justice
True Justice is an American television action series created by and starring Steven Seagal that ran for two seasons in 2011 and 2012. Seagal stars as Elijah Kane, the head of the "Special Investigation Unit", an undercover police task force, in Seattle, Washington.
Prem Singh Tamang
Prem Singh Tamang (born 5 February 1968), better known as P. S. Golay, is an Indian politician and former teacher who is serving as the  Chief Minister of Sikkim from 27 May 2019 and also as leader of the house in state assembly. He is also the founding leader of the Sikkim Krantikari Morcha since 2019. He represents the Poklok-Kamrang in the Sikkim Legislative Assembly since 2019, Upper Burtuk from 2009 to 2019 and Chakung from 1994 to 2009. Before forming the SKM party, he was a key member of the Sikkim Democratic Front (SDF) Party.

Gyalshing district
Gyalshing district or Geyzing district is a district of the Indian state of Sikkim. Its headquarter is Geyzing, also known as Gyalshing. The district is a favourite among trekkers due to the high elevations. Other important towns include Pelling and Yuksom. Local people also call it as Pallo-Sikkim and Sano-Sikkim commonly.
Des Scott
Robert Desmond Scott (born 2 October 1941) is an Irish former international rugby union player.

A Belfast dentist, Scott played rugby with Queen's University during his tertiary studies and was a member of the side that claimed the 1966/67 Ulster Senior League title. He also featured in Ulster's draw against the Wallabies that season.

Scott was capped five times as a winger by Ireland across the 1967 and 1968 Five Nations.

Queen's University RFC
Queen's University Belfast Rugby Football Club is the rugby union team of Queen's University Belfast, currently playing in Division 1B of the All-Ireland League. Founded in 1869, it is the most successful and oldest continuous rugby union club in Northern Ireland. They originally played as Queen's College, Belfast and have won the Ulster Senior Cup a record 23 times.

In 1993, when the AIB League was expanded to four divisions with forty-six senior clubs, five university clubs, including Queen's, joined the league. Queen's entered Division Four. Since then they played regularly in Division Three and  Division Four.

In 2000, they were relegated to the Ulster Senior League but returned to the AIB League two years later.

Their senior team will play in Division 1 of the SONI Ulster Rugby Premiership.
Florence Louise Pettitt
Louise Pettitt (1918 – March 25, 2006), born Florence Louise Staples, was one of the first American female opera conductors. For over forty years, she simultaneously served as orchestral conductor, dramatic director, and vocal director for the Chaminade Opera Group, which she founded in 1959. She promoted the growth of opera, and the advancement of many performers, ranging from amateur enthusiasts to internationally known professionals.

Tanglewood
Tanglewood is a music venue and festival in the towns of Lenox and Stockbridge in the Berkshire Hills of western Massachusetts. It has been the summer home of the Boston Symphony Orchestra since 1937.  Tanglewood is also home to three music schools: the Tanglewood Music Center, Tanglewood Learning Center, and the Boston University Tanglewood Institute. Besides classical music, Tanglewood hosts the Festival of Contemporary Music, jazz and popular artists, concerts, and frequent appearances by James Taylor, John Williams, and the Boston Pops.
Martin Donnelly (racing driver)
Hugh Peter Martin Donnelly (/ˈdɒnəli/; born 26 March 1964) is a British former racing driver from Northern Ireland who competed in Formula One at 15 Grands Prix from 1989 and 1990.

Donnelly competed in Formula Three and International Formula 3000, where he won three races, including the 1987 Macau Grand Prix. In 1988, he placed third in International F3000 after only competing in the final five rounds. He raced in Formula One in 1989 and 1990 for Arrows and Lotus, until a serious crash during practice at the latter Spanish Grand Prix ended his Formula One career.

After leaving Formula One, he has become a driving coach and retains a close association with Lotus Cars. He returned to professional racing in 2015, competing at Thruxton in the British Touring Car Championship. His career inspired the backstory of Sonny Hayes in F1 (2025).

International Formula 3000
The Formula 3000 International Championship was a motor racing series created by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) in 1985 to become the final preparatory step for drivers hoping to enter Formula One. Formula Two had become too expensive, and was dominated by works-run cars with factory engines; the hope was that Formula 3000 would offer quicker, cheaper, more open racing. The series began as an open specification, then tyres were standardized from 1986 onwards, followed by engines and chassis in 1996. The series ran annually until 2004, and was replaced in 2005 by the GP2 Series.

The series was staged as the Formula 3000 European Championship in 1985, as the Formula 3000 Intercontinental Championship in 1986 and 1987 and then as the Formula 3000 International Championship from 1988 to 2004.
Murder of David Reed
David Wellington Reed (17 January 1972 – 21 August 1985) was a 13-year-old boy in the seventh grade at Schuylkill Haven Area Middle School, who was murdered in 1985 by then 20-year-old Joseph "Joe" Geiger in Schuylkill Haven, Pennsylvania, United States, over Geiger's stolen illegally grown cannabis plants. Geiger blamed Reed for the disappearance of the drug. Friends, family, and teachers remember Reed as an outgoing person who aspired to fly.

Reed's death remained unsolved for 23 years, until the case was reopened in 2005 by the Schuylkill Haven police department. Geiger was arrested in 2008 on the 23rd anniversary of Reed's death and was found guilty of third-degree murder, involuntary manslaughter, evidence tampering, and abuse of corpse, among other offenses.

Schuylkill Haven, Pennsylvania
Schuylkill Haven (/ˈskuːlkɪl/, locally /-kəl/; Pennsylvania Dutch: Schulkill Kaundi) is a borough in Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, United States. The borough's population was 5,253 as of the 2020 census. Schuylkill Haven is situated along the Schuylkill River, for which it is named.  Schuylkill Haven is a focal point of activity in southern Schuylkill County.

Schuylkill Haven is located 43.4 miles (69.8 km) west of Allentown, 92.6 miles (149.0 km) northwest of Philadelphia, and 131 miles (211 km) west of New York City.
Fado Português
Fado Português is a fado album recorded by Amália Rodrigues and released in June 1965 on the Columbia label. The album was recorded the Valentim de Carvalho de Paço de Arcos studios. Amália was accompanied by musicians Domingos Camarinha on Portuguese guitar and Castro Mota and Martinho d'Assunção on viola. The cover photograph was by Augusto Cabrita. Eight of the 12 tracks on the album were written by Alain Oulman.

The album reached No. 1 on the Associação Fonográfica Portuguesa (AFP) chart in Portugal and No. 2 on the Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique (SNEP) chart in France.

In 2015, on the 50th anniversary of the album's release, a new two-disc edition was released which included the 12 original songs as well as unreleased versions from the original recording sessions.

Amália Rodrigues
Amália da Piedade Rodrigues GCSE GCIH (23 July 1920 – 6 October 1999) was a Portuguese fado singer (fadista).

Dubbed Rainha do Fado ("Queen of Fado"), she was instrumental in popularising fado worldwide and travelled internationally throughout her career. Rodrigues remains the best-selling Portuguese artist in the history of recorded music.
Zeta function regularization
In mathematics and theoretical physics, zeta function regularization is a type of regularization or summability method that assigns finite values to divergent sums or products, and in particular can be used to define determinants and traces of some self-adjoint operators. The technique is now commonly applied to problems in physics, but has its origins in attempts to give precise meanings to ill-conditioned sums appearing in number theory.

Trace (linear algebra)
In linear algebra, the trace of a square matrix A, denoted tr(A), is the sum of the elements on its main diagonal, . It is only defined for a square matrix (n × n).

The trace of a matrix is the sum of its eigenvalues (counted with multiplicities). Also, tr(AB) = tr(BA) for any matrices A and B of the same size. Thus, similar matrices have the same trace. As a consequence, one can define the trace of a linear operator mapping a finite-dimensional vector space into itself, since all matrices describing such an operator with respect to a basis are similar.

The trace is related to the derivative of the determinant (see Jacobi's formula).
Tommy February6
Tommy February6 is the debut album of the Brilliant Green vocalist Tomoko Kawase's alter ego Tommy February6 (so named after Kawase's birthday). The album, in addition to launching Kawase's solo career, also established Tommy February6's trademark sound, which is heavily influenced by 80's synthpop music.

Most of the lyrics on the album's original material (all written by Kawase) are either dominated by English lyrics with occasional Japanese lines, or are wholly in English – despite the fact that Kawase reportedly cannot speak much of the language – with only one song ("The Rose Fragrence.") sung entirely in Japanese.

The original first pressing of the album came with a promotional DVD that included music videos, karaoke videos and furitsuke (choreography) videos for "Kiss One More Time" and "Bloomin'!". Also included was the making of the PV's for "Kiss One More Time", "Bloomin'!" and "Candy Pop in Love"

The Brilliant Green
The Brilliant Green (Japanese: ザ・ブリリアント・グリーン, Hepburn: Za Buririanto Gurīn) is a Japanese rock band from Kyoto formed in 1995. They were signed to Sony Music Records. Their major debut single under Sony, "Bye Bye Mr. Mug", was released in 1997. Their contract with Sony ended in 2008, and on December 1, 2009, the band announced that it had signed with Warner Music Japan.
Mark Lollo
Mark Andrew Lollo (born March 31, 1982) is an American former professional baseball umpire who resides in New Lexington, Ohio. Before joining the Professional Baseball Umpire Corp. staff as a Minor League field evaluator/instructor in April 2014, Lollo worked as an umpire in the International League and served as a reserve umpire for Major League Baseball. He made his MLB debut on July 2, 2011.

Umpire (baseball)
In baseball, the umpire is the person charged with officiating the game, including beginning and ending the game, enforcing the rules of the game and the grounds, making judgment calls on plays, and handling disciplinary actions. The term is often shortened to the colloquial form ump. They are also sometimes nicknamed blue due to the traditional color of the uniform worn by umpires. Although games were often officiated by a sole umpire in the formative years of the sport, since the turn of the 20th century, officiating has been commonly divided among several umpires, who form the umpiring crew.  The position is analogous to that of a referee in many other sports.
Matt Stover
John Matthew Stover (born January 27, 1968) is an American former professional football player who was a placekicker for 20 seasons in the National Football League (NFL), primarily with the Baltimore Ravens. After five seasons for the Cleveland Browns, he was among the Browns players transferred to the newly created Ravens franchise in 1996, with whom he played 13 seasons. Additionally, Stover was a member of the New York Giants during his first season and Indianapolis Colts during his last. His most successful season was in 2000 when he earned Pro Bowl and first-team All-Pro honors en route to the Ravens winning their first Super Bowl title in Super Bowl XXXV. He was also part of the Giants team that won Super Bowl XXV. For his accomplishments with the Ravens, Stover was named to the Baltimore Ravens Ring of Honor in 2011.

All-Pro
All-Pro is an honor bestowed upon professional American football players that designates the best player at each position during a given season. All-Pro players are typically selected by press organizations, who select an "All-Pro team," a list that consists of at least 22 players, one for each offensive and defensive position, plus various special teams players depending on the press organization that compiles the list. All-Pro lists are exclusively limited to the major leagues, usually only the National Football League; in the past, other leagues recognized as major, such as the American Football League of the 1960s or the All-America Football Conference of the 1940s, have been included in All-Pro lists.
Madinani
Madinani is a town in north-western Ivory Coast. It is a sub-prefecture of and the seat of Madinani Department in Kabadougou Region, Denguélé District. Madinani is also a commune. The town is centered between two major settlements in both the Denguélé and Savanes Districts: Odienné, located 40 kilometres (25 mi) west, and Boundiali, located 25 kilometres (16 mi) to the east.

In 2014, the population of the sub-prefecture of Madinani was 25,054.

Denguélé District
Denguélé District (French: district du Denguélé, [distʁikt dy dɛnɡele]) is one of fourteen administrative districts of Ivory Coast. The district is located in the northwest corner of the country. The capital of the district is Odienné.
Phool Bane Patthar
Phool Bane Patthar (transl. Flower turned into rock) is a 1996 Indian Hindi-language action film directed by Ambrish Sangal, starring Avinash Wadhawan, Indrani Banerjee, Mohnish Behl, Mohan Joshi, Kader Khan, Kiran Kumar.

Avinash Wadhawan
Avinash Wadhawan is an Indian film and television actor. He has appeared in films like, Junoon, Geet and Balmaa. He played Anup Shekhar in Balika Vadhu and Indrajeet Rajvansh in Sapna Babul Ka... Bidaai.
2008 Cape Verdean Football Championships
The 2008 Cape Verdean Football Championships season was the 29th of the competition of the first-tier football in Cape Verde. Its started on 10 May and finished on 16 August, later than the last season. The tournament was organized by the Cape Verdean Football Federation. Sporting would win their 7th title and third straight after defeating Académica do Mindelo in penalty kicks. Sporting gained entry into the 2009 CAF Champions League, it is the last club to enter to date. No second place club would participate in the 2009 CAF Confederation Cup.

Cape Verdean Football Championship
The Cape Verdean Football Championship or the Campeonato Caboverdiano de Futebol is a football competition that was created in 1976 in Cape Verde.  A local championship was founded in 1953 before independence, when the islands were still part of the Portuguese Empire.
Democratic National Union of Kurdistan
Democratic National Union of Kurdistan (Kurdish: یەکێتی نەتەوەیی دیموکراتی کوردستان, romanized: Yekîtî Neteweyî Dîmukratî Kurdistan, abbreviated as YNDK) is a political party that is based in South Kurdistan.It was founded in 1996 by Ghafur Makhmuri. Its main goal is to establish independence for the greater Kurdistan. The party was part of the Kurdistani List in the 2005 elections and received 1 seat in the Kurdistani parliament.

On 11 November 2023, the party held its 6th congress, where over 200 members were reportedly present. At the congress, Makhmuri said to a journalist that Kurdistan would be in a difficult situation and that the different Kurdish parties would have to cooperate and help each other.

For the 2024 Kurdistan Region parliamentary election, the party joined an electoral alliance together with the Kurdistan Conservative Party and the Kurdistan Laborers' Party. The alliance is called Serdem Coalition.

Romanization of Kurdish
The romanization of Kurdish language is the practice of transcribing the Kurdish, traditionally written in both Arabic and Latin scripts, into a standardized Latin alphabet. The development of Kurdish romanization systems supports the need for digital communication, linguistic research, and accessibility for Kurdish speakers and Kurdish speakers in diaspora communities. These systems strive to maintain phonetic precision and consistency across the diverse Kurdish dialects.
Kopanki, Rossoshansky District, Voronezh Oblast
Kopanki (Russian: Копанки) is a rural locality (a khutor) in Novopostoyalovskoye Rural Settlement, Rossoshansky District, Voronezh Oblast, Russia. The population was 212 as of 2010. There are 3 streets.

Rossoshansky District
Rossoshansky District  (Russian: Россоша́нский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-two in Voronezh Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the oblast. The area of the district is 2,371 square kilometers (915 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Rossosh. Population: 88,923 (2021 Census); 94,694 (2010 Census); 31,750 (2002 Census); 32,126 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Rossosh accounts for 68.5% of the district's total population.
Paweł Bejda
Paweł Jan Bejda (born 13 October 1962 in Łowicz) is a Polish politician. From 2015 he has served as a member of the Sejm, the lower house of the Polish parliament. Previously, from 2012 through 2014, he had been the appointed deputy governor of one of Poland’s 16 provinces, the central voivodeship of Łódź .

Lower house
A lower house is the lower chamber of a bicameral legislature, where the other chamber is the upper house. Although styled as "below" the upper house, in many legislatures worldwide, the lower house has come to wield more power or otherwise exert significant political influence.
Coptic Museum
The Coptic Museum is a museum in Coptic Cairo, Egypt with the largest collection of Coptic Christian artifacts in the world. It was founded by Marcus Simaika in 1908 to house Coptic antiquities. The museum traces the history of Egypt from its beginnings to the present day. It was erected on 8,000 square meter land offered by the Coptic Orthodox Church, under the guardianship of Pope Cyril V.

The Coptic museum houses the world's most important examples of Coptic art. The façade of the museum was made to resemble the façade of the 12th century Al-Aqmar Mosque.

Pope Cyril V of Alexandria
Pope Cyril V of Alexandria (Abba Kyrillos V) was the 112th Pope of Alexandria & Patriarch of the See of St. Mark, reigning for 52 years, 9 months and 6 days. He was the longest-serving Pope in the history of the Coptic Orthodox Church. He was born as Youhanna (John) in 1824 or 1830/1831 according to different accounts and he died on 7 August 1927.
Borislava Perić
Borislava Perić-Ranković (Serbian Cyrillic: Борислава Перић-Ранковић; born 16 June 1972) is a disabled Serbian table tennis player. She represented Serbia at the 2008, 2012  and 2016 Summer Paralympics in table tennis, winning one gold and three silver medals. She competes in the disability class 4. In the 2016 Summer Paralympics she won her first Paralympic gold medal in the individual class 4 competition, defeating China's Zhang Miao in the finals. At the 2020 Summer Paralympics, she won a bronze medal.

Disability classification in table tennis
Disability table tennis classification is the disability sport classification process for para table tennis that is governed by the International Table Tennis Federation. The sport's classifications are open to people with physical and intellectual disabilities.
Zion's Daughter
"Zion's Daughter" is a 1982 Christmas single by German band Boney M., the second single to be released off their Christmas Album, released in November 1981. It was a re-worked up-tempo version of See, the conqu'ring hero comes!, a chorus from Georg Friedrich Händel's 1746 oratorio Judas Maccabaeus with English lyrics by Fred Jay. The tune is also used for the German advent hymn Tochter Zion, freue dich and the English hymn Thine Be the Glory, and is well known in England as part of Henry Wood's Fantasia on British Sea Songs (1905), performed every year at the BBC's Last Night of the Proms concert.

The single featured a manipulated photo from 1978 with new male singer Reggie Tsiboe inserted in place of original member Bobby Farrell. The single peaked at 41 in the German charts. In Scandinavia, "Feliz Navidad" was chosen as the 1982 Christmas single, and in Spain, Ariola opted for "Jingle Bells".

Fantasia on British Sea Songs
Fantasia on British Sea Songs or Fantasy on British Sea Songs is a medley of British sea songs arranged by Sir Henry Wood in 1905 to mark the centenary of the Battle of Trafalgar. For many years it has been an indispensable item at the BBC's Last Night of the Proms concert.