hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
4-Methylimidazole
4-Methylimidazole (4-MeI or 4-MEI) is a heterocyclic organic chemical compound with molecular formula H3C–C3H3N2 or C4H6N2. It is formally derived from imidazole through replacement of the hydrogen in position 4 by a methyl group. It is a slightly yellowish solid.

4-MeI may be formed in the browning of certain foods through the Maillard reaction between carbohydrates and amino-containing compounds. In particular, it is found in roasted foods, grilled meats, coffee and in types of caramel coloring produced with ammonia-based processes. It may arise also by fermentation.

Food browning
Browning is the process of food turning brown due to the chemical reactions that take place within. The process of browning is one of the chemical reactions that take place in food chemistry and represents an interesting research topic regarding health, nutrition, and food technology. Though there are many different ways food chemically changes over time, browning in particular falls into two main categories: enzymatic versus non-enzymatic browning processes.

Browning has many important implications on the food industry relating to nutrition, technology, and economic cost. Researchers are especially interested in studying the control (inhibition) of browning and the different methods that can be employed to maximize this inhibition and ultimately prolong the shelf life of food.
National emblem of Oman
The national emblem of Oman (Arabic: شعار سلطنة عمان), nicknamed Khanjar Bo Sayfain (lit. 'Khanjar and two swords'), is an insignia consisting of a Khanjar inside its sheath that is superimposed upon two crossed swords. Adopted in the 18th century as the badge of the Omani royal family, it subsequently became the national emblem of the Sultanate of Oman. The emblem is featured at the canton on the Flag of Oman.

Scabbard
A scabbard is a sheath for holding a sword, dagger, knife, or similar edged weapons. Rifles and other long guns may also be stored in scabbards by horse riders for transportation. Military cavalry and cowboys had scabbards for their saddle ring carbines and rifles for transportation and protection. Scabbards have been made of many materials over the millennia, including leather, wood, and metal such as brass or steel.

Most commonly, sword scabbards were worn suspended from a sword belt or shoulder belt called a baldric.
Valdek Pall
Valdek Pall (30 June 1927 Laius-Tähkvere Parish, Tartu County – 17 April 2013) was an Estonian linguist.

In 1952 he graduated from Tartu State University. 1957–1992 he worked at Estonian SSR Academy of Sciences' Language and Literature Institute.

His main fields of research were Estonian toponyms, Mordvinic languages. He also managed and directed investigations of Estonian dialects.

Awards:

2002: Wiedemann Language Award

Tartu County
Tartu County (Estonian: Tartu maakond or Tartumaa) is one of 15 counties of Estonia.

It is located in eastern Estonia, and it borders Põlva County, Valga County, Viljandi County, and Jõgeva County.

The area of Tartu County is 2,992.74 km2 (1,155.50 sq mi), which covers 6.9% of the territory of Estonia. In 2022 Tartu County had a population of 157,758 – constituting 11.9% of the total population in Estonia. The city of Tartu is the centre of the county located at a distance of 186 km (116 mi) from Tallinn. Tartu County is divided into 8 local governments – 1 urban and 7 rural municipalities.
Bainbridge Bunting
Bainbridge Bunting (November 23, 1913 – February 13, 1981) was an American architectural historian, teacher, and author.

Bunting was born November 23, 1913, in Kansas City, Missouri. He graduated from the University of Illinois and later received his Ph.D. from Harvard University. Beginning in 1948, he was a faculty member of the University of New Mexico Art Department until his retirement in 1979. Bunting wrote numerous articles and three books on the architecture of New Mexico, and was noted for his expertise in adobe architecture, the Zuni Pueblo and the architecture of John Gaw Meem.

Bunting is credited by architectural historian Marcus Whiffen with having re-introduced the term "Châteauesque" to describe the architectural style previously and more generally known as "Chateau Style" or "French Chateau Style."

Bunting died February 13, 1981, in Beverly, Massachusetts.

Zuni Pueblo, New Mexico
Zuni Pueblo (Zuni: Halona Idiwan’a; lit. 'Middle Place') is a census-designated place (CDP) in McKinley County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 6,176 as of the 2020 Census. It is inhabited largely by members of the Zuni people.
HMS Cutlass
Three ships of the British Royal Navy have been named HMS Cutlass after the weapon:

HMS Cutlass (G74), a Weapon-class destroyer laid down in 1945 but cancelled before completion.

HMS Cutlass (P274), a Scimitar-class fast training boat launched in 1968 and disposed of in 1982.

HMS Cutlass (P295) is the first of the new Gibraltar fast patrol boats.

Scimitar-class fast training boat
The Scimitar class was a class of three unarmed fast patrol boats operated by the British Royal Navy for the training purposes in the 1970s. They were built by Vosper Thornycroft in 1969 to 1971 and were withdrawn from use in 1981.
Newai
Newai or Niwai is a town, and a municipality and tehsil in Tonk district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. The Tonk district is bounded in the north by Jaipur district, in the east by Sawai Madhopur district, in the southeast by Kota district, in the south by Bundi district, in the southwest by Bhilwara district, and in the west by Ajmer district. Jaipur, capital of Rajasthan is the closest major city to Newai.

Jaipur district
Jaipur district is a district in the state of Rajasthan in Northern India.the city of Jaipur, which is Rajasthan's capital and the largest city, is the district headquarters. It is the tenth most populous district in India (out of 780).
Capparales
Capparales is a botanical name of an order of flowering plants. It was used in the Cronquist system for an order in subclass Dilleniidae and in the Kubitzki system, nowadays. In the 1981 version of this system it included :

order Capparales
family Tovariaceae
family Capparaceae
family Brassicaceae
family Moringaceae
family Resedaceae

The APG II system includes all the plants involved in the (expanded) order Brassicales. For names above the rank of family the principle of priority is not obligatory, hence the difference between the two names.

Moringa (genus)
Moringa is the sole genus in the plant family Moringaceae. It contains 13 species, which occur in tropical and subtropical regions of Africa and Asia and that range in size from tiny herbs to massive trees. Moringa species grow quickly in many types of environments.

The most widely cultivated species is Moringa oleifera, native to the foothills of the Himalayas in northwestern India, a multipurpose tree cultivated throughout the tropics and marketed as a dietary supplement, health food or source for herbalism practices. The fruit pods of Moringa oleifera ("drumsticks") are consumed as food in many parts of the world, particularly in South Asia. The leaves are commonly used to make tea. Oils are made from the seeds, while powders can be made from the leaves and roots.
The Settlers (2023 film)
The Settlers (Spanish: Los colonos) is a 2023 revisionist Western drama film directed by Felipe Gálvez Haberle (in his directorial debut), who co-wrote the script with Antonia Girardi in collaboration with Mariano Llinás. The film stars Mark Stanley, Camilo Arancibia, Benjamin Westfall, Alfredo Castro, Mishell Guaña, Sam Spruell, Marcelo Alonso, and Adriana Stuven. It is a co-production between Chile, Argentina, the United Kingdom, Taiwan, France, Denmark, Sweden, and Germany.

The Settlers had its world premiere at the 76th Cannes Film Festival on 17 May 2023. It competed for Un Certain Regard and Caméra d'Or and alongside those was honored with the FIPRESCI Prize, becoming the first Chilean production to win that award. It was selected as the Chilean entry for Best International Feature Film at the 96th Academy Awards.

Un Certain Regard
Un Certain Regard (French: [œ̃ sɛʁtɛ̃ ʁəɡaʁ]; 'A Certain Glance') is a section of the Cannes Film Festival's official selection. It is run at the salle Debussy, parallel to the competition for the Palme d'Or. This section was introduced in 1978 by Gilles Jacob.

The section presents 20 films with unusual styles and non-traditional stories seeking international recognition.

Since 1998, the section has awarded the Un Certain Regard Prize to one film in the lineup, recognising emerging talent and innovative work. At the 1998 Cannes Film Festival, Killer by Darezhan Omirbaev was named the inaugural winner, while The Mysterious Gaze of the Flamingo by Diego Céspedes is the most recent winner (2025).
European Left Alliance for the People and the Planet
The European Left Alliance for the People and the Planet (ELA) is a European political party formed as a split from the Party of the European Left (PEL) by several political parties already connected within the framework of Now the People (NTP), a left-wing European political alliance formed in 2018.

The ELA consists of nine national-level political parties, which tend to be newer, green-left leaning parties.

Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations
The Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations (APPF) is a body of the European Union in charge of registering, controlling and imposing sanctions on European political parties and European political foundations.

The APPF has offices in Brussels and Strasbourg; since 2021, its Director has been Pascal Schonard.
Skomlya
The Skomlya (Bulgarian: Скомля) is a river in northwestern Bulgaria, a right tributary of the Danube. Its length is 42 km.

The river takes its source at an altitude of 560 m in the Belogradchishki Venets ridge of the Pre-Balkan range, close to the road Gara Oreshets–Belogradchik. It flows in the western Danubian Plain in general direction northeast throughout its whole course. Between the villages of Dalgo Pole and Septemvriytsi its valley is canyon-like. It then crosses the Orsoy Plain and flows into the Danube at an altitude of 29 m.

Its drainage basin covers a territory of 163 km2 and is situated between the basins of the rivers Archar to the northwest and Lom to the southeast. The river has predominantly snow–rain feed.

The Skomlya flows entirely in Vidin Province. There are three settlements along its course, the villages of Gara Oreshets, Skomlya and Septemvriytsi, all of them in Dimovo Municipality. It waters are utilized for irrigation.

Belogradchik
Belogradchik (Bulgarian: Белоградчик, lit. 'Small White Town'; pronounced [bɛɫoɡrɐtˈt͡ʃik]) is a town in Vidin Province, northwestern Bulgaria, and is the administrative centre of the homonymous municipality. The town is situated in the foothills of the Balkan Mountains just east of the Serbian border and about 50 km south of the Danube River. The town is close to the Belogradchik Rocks, which are major tourist attraction. As of 2024, it had a population of 4,601.
The Wash (2001 film)
The Wash is a 2001 American comedy film written, produced and directed by DJ Pooh and starring Dr. Dre, Snoop Dogg and DJ Pooh, with appearances by Eminem, Ludacris, Kurupt, Shaquille O'Neal, Xzibit and Pauly Shore. It was released on November 16, 2001.

Kurupt
Ricardo Emmanuel Brown (born November 23, 1972), better known by his stage name Kurupt, is an American rapper and record producer. Born in Philadelphia and raised in Los Angeles, he formed Tha Dogg Pound in 1992 along with Daz Dillinger; the rap duo has released eight albums. He also formed the hip-hop group The Hrsmn in 1996, with whom he has released two albums. His debut solo album, Kuruption! (1998) was released by A&M Records and peaked at number eight on the Billboard 200.
Kalifa Kambi
Kalifa Kambi (May 1955 – 20 December 2011) was a member of the African Union's Pan-African Parliament from Gambia. He was the Deputy Minister of Agriculture.

Kambi represented Kiang West in the National Assembly from his election in 2002 to 2007.

National Assembly of the Gambia
The National Assembly of the Gambia is the unicameral legislature of the Gambia. The authorisation for the National Assembly lies in Chapter VII of the Constitution of the Gambia. It is composed of 53 members directly elected through first past the post, and a further five members appointed by the President.
Roly MacIntyre
Roly MacIntyre (born December 31, 1943) is a former civil servant and politician in the province of New Brunswick, Canada.  He was elected to the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick in 1995 and re-elected in 2003 and 2006 after having been defeated in 1999.

MacIntyre was born in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island. He was district manager for Niagara Finance and Niagara Mortgage & Loan from 1964 to 1971. MacIntyre married Phyllis Coady. In 1971, he joined the federal Unemployment Insurance Commission, moving to Saint John, New Brunswick in 1976 after he became regional manager. In 1978, he became district manager for Human Resources Development Canada. He retired in 1995.

He represented the electoral district of Saint John East (formerly Saint John Champlain from 1995 to 2006) and was a member of the cabinet from 1995 to 1999 and again from 2006 to 2008.

Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick
The Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick (French: Assemblée législative du Nouveau-Brunswick) is the deliberative assembly of the New Brunswick Legislature, in the province of New Brunswick, Canada. The assembly's seat is located in Fredericton. It was established in Saint John de jure when the colony was created in 1784 but came into session only in 1786, following the first elections in late 1785. The legislative assembly was originally the lower house in a bicameral legislature. Its upper house counterpart, the Legislative Council of New Brunswick, was abolished in 1891.  Its members are called "Members of the Legislative Assembly", commonly referred to as "MLAs".
1967 Senior League World Series
The 1967 Senior League World Series took place from August 14–17 in Des Moines, Iowa, United States. Westbury, New York defeated West Des Moines, Iowa in the championship game. It was New York's second straight championship. This was the final SLWS held in Des Moines.

This year featured the debut of a double-elimination format, as well as the re-introduction of a host team.

West Des Moines, Iowa
West Des Moines is a city in Iowa, United States. Most of the city is in Polk County, some of it is in Dallas County, and small portions extend into Warren and Madison Counties.

As of the 2020 census, the city population was 68,723. West Des Moines is the second most populous city in the Des Moines metropolitan area and the sixth most populous city in Iowa.
David Wilczewski
David Wilczewski (June 9, 1952, in Boston – August 22, 2009, in Stockholm) was an American jazz saxophonist.

Wilczewski took up clarinet as a child before switching to saxophone as a teenager. He attended Berklee College of Music from 1968 to 1970 and then the New England Conservatory of Music from 1970 to 1975, and toured and recorded with musicians such as Al Kooper, Harvey Mason, Tavares, and Marvin Gaye. He moved to Los Angeles in 1976 and split his time between there and Boston, playing with Mike Stern, Tim Landers, Dean Brown, and Steve Smith, who together would form the group Vital Information in 1981. He relocated to Stockholm in 1982, playing there with Don Cherry, Vinnie Colaiuta, Bobo Stenson, Herbie Hancock, Nils Landgren, Peter Erskine, the Swedish Radio Jazz Group, Lars Danielsson, Alex Acuña, Eje Thelin, Anders Jormin, Bosse Broberg, Goran Klinghagen, Steve Dobrogosz, and Rolf Jardemark.

Bosse Broberg
Bo Lennart "Bosse" Broberg (6 September 1937 – 26 August 2023) was a Swedish jazz trumpeter and composer.

Broberg was born Ludvika. He learned to play accordion as a child and switched to trumpet aged 14. He studied music at the University of Uppsala and performed there in his own small ensemble in a hard bop idiom. He worked for many years with Gugge Hedrenius beginning in the early 1960s, and was with Arne Domnerus from 1964 to 1968; he also worked with Börje Fredriksson and Jan Johansson. He took leadership of Sveriges Radio's jazz programming in 1966, keeping the position to 1990; he founded the radiojazzgruppen in 1967 and composed and arranged for the orchestra. He played with Red Mitchell from 1971 to 1982 and with the Sandviken Big Band from 1975 to 1985. In the 1980s, he worked with Christer Boustedt and Åke Johansson. He formed a big band in 1995 called Nogenja Jazz Soloist Ensemble. The group's name is a condensation of No Generation Jazz. He won a Django d'Or in 2005.
Hall Park Academy
Hall Park Academy (formerly Eastwood Comprehensive School) is a coeducational secondary school and sixth form  located in Eastwood in the English county of Nottinghamshire.

Previously a community school administered by Nottinghamshire County Council, Eastwood Comprehensive School converted to academy status on 1 July 2014 and was renamed Hall Park Academy. The school is now sponsored by the Redhill Academy Trust, however Hall Park Academy continues to coordinate with Nottinghamshire County Council for admissions.

Hall Park Academy offers GCSEs, BTECs and NVQs as programmes of study for pupils, while students in the sixth form have the option to study from a range of A Levels and further BTECs.

Nottinghamshire County Council
Nottinghamshire County Council is the upper-tier local authority for the non-metropolitan county of Nottinghamshire in England. The non-metropolitan county is smaller than the ceremonial county; the non-metropolitan county excludes the city of Nottingham, with Nottingham City Council being a unitary authority, independent from the county council. The county council comprises 66 councillors, elected from 56 electoral divisions every four years. The council's headquarters are at County Hall in West Bridgford. The council has been under Reform UK majority control since the 2025 election.

The council is a constituent member of the East Midlands Combined County Authority.
Istanbul Postal Museum
The Istanbul Postal Museum, aka PTT Museum Istanbul (Turkish: PTT İstanbul Müzesi), is a postal museum dedicated to the historical development of mail and telecommunication services in the Ottoman Empire and Turkey, exhibiting related equipment and instruments as well as a collection of postage stamps. It was established in 2000 by the Turkish Post, and is situated inside the Grand Post Office building at Sirkeci quarter of Fatih district in Istanbul, Turkey.

Mail
The mail or post is a system for physically transporting postcards, letters, and parcels. A postal service can be private or public, though many governments place restrictions on private systems. Since the mid-19th century, national postal systems have generally been established as a government monopoly, with a fee on the article prepaid. Proof of payment is usually in the form of an adhesive postage stamp, but a postage meter is also used for bulk mailing.

Postal authorities often have functions aside from transporting letters. In some countries, a postal, telegraph and telephone (PTT) service oversees the postal system, in addition to telephone and telegraph systems. Some countries' postal systems allow for savings accounts and handle applications for passports.

The Universal Postal Union (UPU), established in 1874, includes 192 member countries and sets the rules for international mail exchanges as a Specialized Agency of the United Nations.
2009 Fingal County Council election
An election to all 24 seats on Fingal County Council took place on 5 June 2009 as part of the 2009 Irish local elections. Fingal was divided into 5 local electoral areas (LEAs) to elect councillors for a five-year term of office on the electoral system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV).

Fingal County Council
Fingal County Council (Irish: Comhairle Contae Fhine Gall) is the local authority of the county of Fingal, Ireland. It is one of three local authorities that succeeded the former Dublin County Council on abolition on 1 January 1994 and is one of four local authorities in County Dublin. As a county council, it is governed by the Local Government Act 2001. The council is responsible for housing and community, roads and transport, urban planning and development, amenity and culture, and environment. The council has 40 elected members. Elections are held every five years on the electoral system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV). The head of the council has the title of Mayor. The county administration is headed by a chief executive, AnnMarie Farrelly. The county town is Swords.
Marianne Cruz
Marianne Cruz González (born April 23, 1985 in Salcedo) is a Dominican tv host, model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Dominican Republic 2008 and represented her country at Miss Universe 2008.

Salcedo, Dominican Republic
Salcedo is the capital city of the Hermanas Mirabal Province in the Dominican Republic. It is the birthplace of the Dominican heroines, the Mirabal sisters, who died in the struggle against the dictator Rafael Trujillo.  A museum in the town commemorates three of the sisters; it was tended to by the remaining sister, Bélgica (Dedé) Mirabal, until her death on February 1, 2014.

The city is named after Francisco Antonio Salcedo who fought in the northwestern part of the country against the Haitian army during the Dominican-Haitian War after the Dominican independence from Haiti in 1844.
Melville, Pictou County, Nova Scotia
Melville is an unincorporated community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in  Pictou County.  It is on Nova Scotia Trunk 6 between the communities of River John, Cape John and Toney River. It is a rural area on the Northumberland Strait to the east of Cape John. The nearest village is River John, some 5 km south, and it is there that postal, telephone and fire services are located. The nearest town is Pictou some 29 km to the east.

There is a small harbour at Skinners Cove, comprising short breakwaters and wharves either side of a narrow channel. It is used mainly by the fishing industry and a few recreational boats. Recent improvements to the harbour were funded by the Government of Canada.

Nova Scotia Trunk 6
Trunk 6 is part of the Canadian province of Nova Scotia's system of trunk highways. The route runs from Highway 104 exit 3 at Amherst to the rotary at Pictou, a distance of 136 kilometres (85 mi). It is part of the Sunrise Trail, a designated tourist route.
Kaintuck Hollow
Kaintuck Hollow is a valley in western Phelps County in the Ozarks of Missouri.

The headwaters for the valley are at 37°48′51″N 91°54′33″W﻿ / ﻿37.81417°N 91.90917°W﻿ / 37.81417; -91.90917 and the confluence with Mill Creek is at 37°52′12″N 91°55′34″W﻿ / ﻿37.87000°N 91.92611°W﻿ / 37.87000; -91.92611. The valley source area lies west of Missouri Route T at an elevation of about 1060 feet. The stream flows northeast and then northwest roughly paralleling Route T. The confluence with Mill Creek is adjacent to the Mill Creek Picnic Area at an elevation of 740 feet. Kaintuck Hollow Road follows the stream valley from the Kaintuck Church on Route T.

Kaintuck Hollow was named after Kentucky, the native state of a large share of the early pioneers.

Missouri supplemental route
A supplemental route is a state secondary road in the U.S. state of Missouri, designated with letters. Supplemental routes were various roads within the state which the Missouri Department of Transportation was given in 1952 to maintain in addition to the regular routes, though lettered routes had been in use from at least 1932. The four types of roads designated as Routes are:

Farm to market roads

Roads to state parks

Former alignments of U.S. or state highways

Short routes connecting state highways from other states to routes in Missouri

Supplemental routes make up 19,064 miles (30,681 km) (59%) of the state highway system.