hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Belosticta parki
Belosticta parki is a species of moth of the family Noctuidae, that was first described in 1998 by the Russian entomologist, Vladimir Stepanovich Kononenko and the Hungarian entomologist, László Aladár Ronkay as Meganephria parki. The  type specimen was collected in Chuncheon, South Korea.

The species is endemic to the Korean Peninsula, where it has been found in  Gyeonggi-do and Gangwon-do.

Gangwon Province, South Korea
Gangwon Province (Korean: 강원도; RR: Gangwon-do), officially Gangwon State (강원특별자치도; lit. Gangwon Special Self-Governing Province), is a Special Self-Governing Province of South Korea. It is known as the largest and least densely populated subdivision of South Korea. Gangwon is one of the three provinces in South Korea with special self-governing status, the others being Jeju Province and Jeonbuk State. Gangwon is bordered on the east by the East Sea(Or Sea of Japan), it borders Gyeonggi Province to the west, North Gyeongsang Province and North Chungcheong Province to the south, and the Military Demarcation Line to the north, separating it from North Korea. In the 1945 division of Korea, the historical Gangwon Province was divided in half, and remains so to this day.

Pyeongchang County in Gangwon hosted the 2018 Winter Olympics and 2018 Winter Paralympics. Gangwon also hosted the 2024 Winter Youth Olympics.
HSwMS Karlskrona (J8)
HSwMS Karlskrona was a destroyer of the Royal Swedish Navy that served during the Second World War and in the Cold War. The fourth member of the Göteborg or city class, which was designed as an improvement on the previous Ehrensköld class, Karlskrona was launched on 16 June 1939. The destroyer served in the Coastal Fleet during the war, protecting Swedish neutrality and escorting convoys. After the war, the ship was upgraded  between 1950 and 1951 with enhanced fire control and an armament improved with the introduction of the Bofors 40 mm anti-aircraft gun. Ten years later, in 1961, Karlskrona was designated a fast anti-submarine frigate and the torpedo tubes were replaced by Squid mortars. The vessel was decommissioned on 1 July 1974 and broken up in 1979.

Swedish Navy
The Swedish Navy (Swedish: Svenska marinen) is the maritime service branch of the Swedish Armed Forces. It is composed of surface and submarine naval units – the Fleet (Flottan), formally sometimes referred to as the Royal Navy (Kungliga Flottan) – as well as marine units, the Amphibious Corps (Amfibiekåren).

Founded under King Gustav Vasa in 1522, the Swedish navy is one of the oldest continuously serving navies in the world, celebrating its 500th anniversary in 2022.
Otto Maria Krämer
Otto Maria Krämer (born 1964) is a German organist and church musician.

Krämer studied at the Folkwang Hochschule, Essen and at the Robert Schumann Hochschule Düsseldorf. His teacher was Wolfgang Seifen. In 1994 he passed his examination (A). Since 1993 he has worked as cantor and organist in Straelen. In 1995 he won the first prize of the Concours d'Improvisation a l'orgue  Montbrison. He was teacher for improvisation at the Westminster Choir College in Princeton, New Jersey.

Improvisation
Improvisation or improvization (often shortened to improv) is the activity of making or doing something not planned beforehand, using whatever can be found. The origin of the word itself is in the Latin "improvisus", which literally means un-foreseen. Improvisation in the performing arts is a very spontaneous performance without specific or scripted preparation. The skills of improvisation can apply to many different faculties across all artistic, scientific, physical, cognitive, academic, and non-academic disciplines; see Applied improvisation.
Olu Falae
Chief Samuel Oluyemisi Falae// ⓘ CFR (born 21 September 1938), is a Nigerian banker, administrator and politician who was secretary to the military government of Ibrahim Babangida from January 1986 to December 1990, and briefly the Finance Minister in 1990. He ran for president in Nigeria's Third and Fourth Republics

Oba (ruler)
Oba (Yoruba: ọba, lit. 'King') is a pre-nominal honorific for kings in Yorubaland, and by extension the Kingdom of Benin.

According to Yoruba mythology, the first oba was Oduduwa, the legendary progenitor of the Yoruba people. Many royal lineages claim descent from him, including that of the Ooni of Ife, Alaafin of Oyo, Awujale of Ijebuland, Oba of Benin, Olu of Warri and many others. Obas served as the spiritual, cultural, and sometimes political leaders of a town, city, or kingdom. In the present day Obas are highly respected figures who trace their lineage back to the earliest Yoruba kingdoms, particularly Ile-Ife, which is considered the spiritual and historical origin of the Yoruba. Although the Benin Kingdom is Edo and not located within Yorubaland, its Oba ruling dynasty traces its origin to Ile-Ife.

The title is distinct from that of Oloye in Yorubaland, which is itself used in like fashion by subordinate titleholders in the contemporary Yoruba chieftaincy system.
American gray flycatcher
The American gray flycatcher, American grey flycatcher, or just gray flycatcher (Empidonax wrightii) as it is known in North America, is a small, insectivorous passerine in the tyrant flycatcher family. It is common in the arid regions of western North America, especially the Great Basin. From sagebrush steppes to pinyon-juniper woodlands and ponderosa pine forests, this flycatcher forages for insects from shrubs or low tree branches.

The American gray flycatcher is one of the many species in the genus Empidonax. These species are very similar in appearance and behavior, and they are notoriously difficult to differentiate. The best characteristics for distinguishing these species are voice, breeding habitat, and range. The American gray flycatcher, however, can be identified by a unique behavior, its downward tail wag. Other Empidonax species typically exhibit a rapid upward tail flick.

Shrub–steppe
Shrub-steppe is a type of low-rainfall natural grassland. While arid, shrub-steppes have sufficient moisture to support a cover of perennial grasses or shrubs, a feature which distinguishes them from deserts.

The primary ecological processes historically at work in shrub-steppe ecosystems are drought and fire. Shrub-steppe plant species have developed particular adaptations to low annual precipitation and summer drought conditions. Plant adaptations to different soil moisture regimes influence their distribution. A frequent fire regime in the shrub-steppe similarly adds to the patchwork pattern of shrub and grass that characterizes shrub-steppe ecosystems.
Daniel Morad
Daniel Morad (born April 24, 1990) is a Canadian racecar driver and YouTuber, races in IMSA for Winward Racing in a Mercedes AMG GT3 in the GTD Class. He is notable for winning the 2007 American Formula BMW championship; the 2010 World Championship in the Rotax Max Challenge Grand Finals in La Conca, Italy; the 2016 Ultra 94 Porsche GT3 Cup Platinum Cup; and the 2017 & 2024 Rolex 24 Hours of Daytona with Alegra Motorsports and Winward Racing

Rotax Max Challenge
The Rotax Max Challenge (RMC) is a kart racing series owned and organized worldwide by BRP-Rotax and its distributors, approved and in compliance with CIK-FIA. Competition takes place on a club, national and international level which culminates in the Grand Finals once a year.

Youngest Winners
The Rotax Micro MAX class, typically for drivers aged 8 to 12, has seen record-breaking performances by younger competitors:
Wiley Lee: Became the youngest driver on record to win a major Rotax Micro MAX main event race at 7 years and 4 months old during Round 3 of the 2026 Rotax RMC Winter Trophy at Speedsportz Racing Park. https://www.instagram.com/reel/DUMWcZPEhbu/?igsh=aHE1dW9lYTd5dHVx

Arshi Gupta: Won the 2025 FMSCI National Karting Championship (Micro Max) at age 9.
Shiv Tummala: Secured a win in the 2025 Meco Meritus Cup (Micro Max) at age 9.

Diego LaRoque: Noted for winning the 2016 Rotax Max Challenge Grand Finals in the Micro Max category at age 10.
Surprise Stadium
Surprise Stadium is a baseball venue located at the Surprise Recreation Campus athletic facility in Surprise, Arizona, United States. The stadium opened in 2002 and seats 10,714 people. It is the spring training facility for the Kansas City Royals and the Texas Rangers. It is also the home of the Arizona Fall League's Surprise Saguaros. The venue was previously the home of the Golden Baseball League's Surprise Fightin' Falcons, which disbanded after their only season in 2005. Surprise Stadium is owned and managed by the City of Surprise Sports and Tourism Department.

Arizona Fall League
The Arizona Fall League (AFL) is an off-season baseball league owned and operated by Major League Baseball (MLB) which operates during autumn in Arizona, United States, at six different baseball complexes. Arizona Fall League rosters are filled by many of the top prospects in Minor League Baseball (MiLB) who are assigned by their parent clubs.
Sanjan Stambh
Sanjan Stambh is a memorial column at Sanjan in Gujarat, which commemorates the arrival of Zoroastrians there eleven centuries ago as a group of shipwrecked migrants who had fled Muslim persecution after the downfall of the Persian Empire and were welcomed to India by Hindu king Jadi Rana.

It states the date of arrival at 936 CE. It was constructed in the year 1920 to perpetuate the memory of the arrival of the Zoroastrians in India. There is a Parsi dharamshala in the complex. The local Parsis of Sanjan celebrate the arrival of the community by celebrating Sanjan Day in November. The 'Stambh' is made of Vadodara granite. Its height, including the leaping flames of fire is 50 feet. The column rests on a square platform. There are 23 decorative rosettes.

Jadi Rana
Jadi Rana was an Indian Hindu ruler of Sanjan, Valsad in present-day Gujarat as per the Qissa-i Sanjan, an epic poem completed in 1599, which is an account of the flight of some of the Zoroastrians who were subject to religious persecution following the fall of the Sassanid Empire, and of their early years in India, where they found refuge. A 20th-century translation of the Qissa transliterates the name as Jádi Rana.
Vassilis Rapotikas
Vassilis Christou Rapotikas (1888–1943; Aromanian: Vasil Rapotika; Greek: Βασίλειος Χρήστου Ραποτίκας) was an Aromanian brigand and collaborationist paramilitary leader in Greece during World War II. He was among leaders of the Roman Legion of the short-lived Italian puppet state of Pindus, right behind Alcibiades Diamandi and Nicolaos Matussis. This unit sought to carve out a permanent and independent Aromanian state in the Greek regions of Thessaly and Macedonia. Rapotikas was killed in May or June 1943 by members of the Greek People's Liberation Army near Grizano.

ELAS
The Greek People's Liberation Army (Greek: Ελληνικός Λαϊκός Απελευθερωτικός Στρατός (ΕΛΑΣ), Ellinikós Laïkós Apeleftherotikós Stratós; ELAS) was the military arm of the left-wing National Liberation Front (EAM) during the period of the Greek resistance until February 1945, when, following the Dekemvriana clashes and the Varkiza Agreement, it was disarmed and disbanded. ELAS was the largest and most significant of the military organizations of the Greek resistance.
Matsudaira Yoshinaga
Matsudaira Yoshinaga (松平 慶永; October 10, 1828 – June 2, 1890), also known as Matsudaira Keiei, or better known as Matsudaira Shungaku (春嶽) was a Japanese daimyō of the Edo period.  He was head of Fukui Domain in Echizen Province. He is counted as one of the "Four Wise Lords of the Bakumatsu period" (幕末の四賢侯, Bakumatsu no Shikenkō), along with Date Munenari, Yamauchi Yōdō and Shimazu Nariakira.  "Yoshinaga" is his imina and "Shungaku" (春嶽, "Spring Mountain") is his gō.

Kumamoto Domain
The Kumamoto Domain (熊本藩, Kumamoto-han), which was in existence from 1600 to 1871, had a significant influence in the region. Initially, it controlled its vast territory of 520,000 koku, which later expanded to 540,000 koku after the division of the 8th generation territory and the establishment of branch domains during the Hosokawa family era. In 1871, the domain faced territorial changes as it lost control over Kuma District and Amakusa District in Higo Province (present-day Kumamoto Prefecture), as well as parts of Bungo Province (now Oita Prefecture), including Tsuruzaki and Saganoseki. This domain was also known as Higohan and its administrative center was situated at Kumamoto Castle in Kumamoto City. Despite not having complete control over Higo, the Hosokawa clan of the Kumamoto Domain held the status of feudal lords, or Daimyo, in the region.
Randolph James House
The Randolph James House is a historic house at 1212 North Madison Avenue in El Dorado, Arkansas.  The two-story stuccoed house was designed by Mann & Stern, and was built in 1927 for Randolph James by his father George, a principal in the local Exchange Bank who benefited from the city's oil boom in the 1920s.  The house is a fine local example of Spanish Mission Revival styling, with wrought iron balconies, tile roof, stucco walls, and varied windows.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.

El Dorado, Arkansas
El Dorado (locally /ɛl dʌˈreɪdoʊ/ el durr-AY-doh) is a city in and the county seat of Union County, on the southern border of Arkansas, United States. According to the 2020 census, the population of the city is 17,755.

El Dorado is headquarters of the Arkansas Oil and Gas Commission as well as Murphy USA, Deltic Timber Corporation and a DelekUS oil refinery. The city has a downtown arts district, the Murphy Arts District (MAD); a community college, South Arkansas College (SouthArk); and a multi-cultural arts center, South Arkansas Arts Center (SAAC). El Dorado is the population, cultural and business center of south central Arkansas.

The city was the heart of the 1920s oil boom in the area. During World War II, it became a center of the chemical industry, which still plays a part in the economy, as do oil and timber.
Jilkminggan, Northern Territory
Jilkminggan is a small community in the Northern Territory of Australia. It is located 146 kilometres (91 mi) south-east of Katherine and 193 kilometres (120 mi) north of Daly Waters.

The community has had books published about local stories.

Daly Waters, Northern Territory
Daly Waters  is a town and locality in the Northern Territory of Australia, located about 620 kilometres (390 mi) south of the territory capital of Darwin  at the intersection of the Carpentaria Highway and the Stuart Highway. In the 2021 census, the locality of Daly Waters had a population of 55 people.

The area's traditional owners, the Jingili people, believe the Dreaming tracks of the Emu and the Sun travelled through here on their way to the southern parts of the Northern Territory.
Autumn (Smith novel)
Autumn is a 2016 novel by Scottish author Ali Smith, first published by Hamish Hamilton. It is the first of four seasonal ‘state of the nation’ works. Written rapidly after the United Kingdom's 2016 European Union membership referendum, it was widely regarded as the first 'post-Brexit novel' dealing with the issues raised by the voters' decision. In July 2017, Autumn was longlisted for the 2017 Man Booker Prize for Fiction and in September 2017 it was announced as one of six books to make the shortlist. Many newspapers viewed it as the most likely candidate for winning; it was beaten by George Saunders' Lincoln in the Bardo.

The book was named by The New York Times as one of the 10 Best Books of 2017.

Lincoln in the Bardo
Lincoln in the Bardo is a 2017 experimental novel by American writer George Saunders. It is Saunders's first full-length novel and was The New York Times hardcover fiction bestseller for the week of March 5, 2017.

The novel takes place during and after the death of Abraham Lincoln's son William Wallace "Willie" Lincoln and deals with the president's grief at his loss. The bulk of the novel, which takes place over the course of a single evening, is set in the bardo—an intermediate space between life and rebirth.

Lincoln in the Bardo received critical acclaim, and won the 2017 Booker Prize. Many publications later named it one of the best novels of its decade.
Thomasclarkite-(Y)
Thomasclarkite-(Y) is a rare mineral which was known as UK-93 until 1997, when it was renamed in honour of Thomas H. Clark (1893–1996), McGill University professor. The mineral is one of many rare-earth element minerals from Mont Saint-Hilaire. The only reported occurrence is in an alkalic pegmatite dike in an intrusive gabbro-nepheline syenite.

Dike (geology)
In geology, a dike or dyke is a sheet of rock that is formed in a fracture of a pre-existing rock body. Dikes can be either magmatic or sedimentary in origin. Magmatic dikes form when magma flows into a crack then solidifies as a sheet intrusion, either cutting across layers of rock or through a contiguous mass of rock. Clastic dikes are formed when sediment fills a pre-existing crack.
Jonquel Jones
Jonquel Orthea Jones (born January 5, 1994) is a Bahamian-Bosnian professional basketball player for the New York Liberty of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA). She was drafted with the sixth overall pick in the 2016 WNBA draft. Since May 2019, she also holds the citizenship of Bosnia and Herzegovina, allowing her to play for the national team.

A 6'6" power forward/center, Jones played college basketball for Clemson and George Washington. After the February 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, she left the Russian team UMMC Ekaterinburg, and joined the Turkish team Çukurova Basketbol.

George Washington Revolutionaries women's basketball
The George Washington Revolutionaries women's basketball team represents George Washington University, located in Washington, D.C. It plays its home games in the Charles E. Smith Center, which is also the venue for other George Washington Revolutionaries athletic programs. The team competes in the Atlantic 10 Conference.
Laffly S20
The Laffly S20 TL (French: TL - tracteur, chassis long) was a 6x6 truck developed by French vehicle manufacturer Laffly in 1935. It was built to serve as a troop carrier for the dragoon regiment of Cavalry's Light Mechanised Division (DLM). The first 140 units were delivered to the DLM in 1937.

The S20 could carry up to ten riflemen and two light machine guns, a ten-man --heavy machine gun crew, a seven-man 81mm mortar crew, a seven-man 60mm mortar crew, or an eight-man 25mm anti-tank gun crew.

Light machine gun
A light machine gun (LMG) is a light-weight machine gun designed to be operated by a single infantryman, with or without an assistant, as an infantry support weapon. LMGs firing cartridges of the same caliber as the other riflemen of the same combat unit are often referred to as squad automatic weapons. Unlike submachine guns, LMGs do not use pistol cartridges.
Economic Geography (journal)
Economic Geography is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by Taylor & Francis on behalf of Clark University. The journal was established in 1925 and is currently edited by Siobhan McGrath (Clark University), Carolina Castaldi (Utrecht University), Chris Gibson (University of Sydney), and Karen Lai (Durham University).

Rooted in the subfield of economic geography, the journal covers topics such as uneven development, global trading and investment, economic governance, financialization, innovation studies, agglomeration, marketization, the social and cultural drivers of economic and industrial change, political economy, and labor market segmentation.

According to Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2024 five-year impact factor of 8.4, ranking it 4th out of 173 journals in the category "Geography" and 11th out of 617 journals in the category "Economics." The 2024 impact factor is 8.9.

Labor market segmentation
Labor market segmentation is the division of the labor market according to a principle such as occupation, geography and industry.

One type of segmentation is to define groups "with little or no crossover capability", such that members of one segment cannot easily join another segment. This can result in different segments, for example men and women, receiving different wages for the same work. 19th-century Irish political economist John Elliott Cairnes referred to this phenomenon as that of "noncompeting groups".

A related concept is that of a dual labour market (DLM), that splits the aggregate labor market between a primary sector and a secondary sector.
Strain gauge
A strain gauge (also spelled strain gage) is a device used to measure strain on an object. Invented by Edward E. Simmons and Arthur C. Ruge in 1938, the most common type of strain gauge consists of an insulating flexible backing which supports a metallic foil pattern. The gauge is attached to the object by a suitable adhesive, such as cyanoacrylate.  Proper adhesion is critical, as any air gaps or flexibility in the bonding layer will introduce measurement errors known as creep or hysteresis. As the object is deformed, the foil is deformed, causing its electrical resistance to change. This resistance change, usually measured using a Wheatstone bridge, is related to the strain by the quantity known as the gauge factor.

Piezoresistive effect
The piezoresistive effect is a change in the electrical resistivity of a semiconductor or metal when mechanical strain is applied. In contrast to the piezoelectric effect, the piezoresistive effect causes a change only in electrical resistance, not in electric potential.
William Morrow and Company
William Morrow and Company is an American publishing company founded by William Morrow in 1926. The company was acquired by Scott Foresman in 1967, sold to Hearst Corporation in 1981, and sold to News Corporation (now News Corp) in 1999. The company is now an imprint of HarperCollins.

William Morrow has published many fiction and non-fiction authors, including Ray Bradbury, Michael Chabon, Beverly Cleary, Neil Gaiman, Erle Stanley Gardner, B. H. Liddell Hart, Elmore Leonard, Steven Levitt, Steven Pinker, Judith Rossner, and Neal Stephenson.

Francis Thayer Hobson was president and later chairman of the board of William Morrow and Company.

Steven Levitt
Steven David Levitt (born May 29, 1967) is an American economist and co-author of the best-selling book Freakonomics and its sequels (along with Stephen J. Dubner). Levitt is a professor emeritus at the University of Chicago. Levitt was the winner of the 2003 John Bates Clark Medal for his work in the field of crime. He was co-editor of the Journal of Political Economy published by the University of Chicago Press until December 2007. In 2009, Levitt co-founded TGG Group, a business and philanthropy consulting company. He was chosen as one of Time magazine's "100 People Who Shape Our World" in 2006. A 2011 survey of economics professors named Levitt their fourth favorite living economist under the age of 60, after Paul Krugman, Greg Mankiw and Daron Acemoglu.
Alexander Kiselev (serial killer)
Alexander Vasilyevich Kiselev (Russian: Александр Валерьевич Киселёв; born 1978), known as The Tie Maniac (Russian: Галстучный маньяк), is a Russian serial killer who murdered a woman in Chusovoy, Perm Krai, in 2022, shortly after being released for two similar murders he committed in 2003. Kiselev committed these crimes to satisfy an unusual fetish for strangling women with a tie that matched the color of their shoes.

For the latter crimes, Kiselev was convicted and sentenced to 13.5 years imprisonment.

Chusovoy
Chusovoy (Russian: Чусово́й; Komi Permyak: Чусва, Čusva) is a town in Perm Krai, Russia, located at the confluence of the Usva and Vilva Rivers with the Chusovaya River, 140 kilometers (87 mi) east of Perm, the administrative center of the krai. Population:  46,735 (2010 Census); 51,615 (2002 Census); 57,874 (1989 Soviet census).