hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1920 Ljubljana Subassociation League
The 1920 Ljubljana Subassociation League was the first season of the Ljubljana Subassociation League. Ilirija won the league, becoming the first ever Slovenian champion. The league consisted of the Slovenian-based teams Ilirija, Slovan and I. SSK Maribor, while Rapid, Hertha and Rote Elf were German teams from Maribor, founded by the Germanic part of Maribor's population. Athletik was another German club, based in Celje.

Celje
Celje (/ˈ(t)sɛljeɪ/ (T)SEL-yay; Slovene: [ˈtsɛ̀ːljɛ] ⓘ; German: Cilli [ˈtsɪli] ⓘ) is the third-largest city in Slovenia. It is a regional center of the traditional Slovenian region of Styria and the administrative seat of the City Municipality of Celje. The town is located below Upper Celje Castle at the confluence of the Savinja, Hudinja, Ložnica, and Voglajna rivers in the lower Savinja Valley, and at the crossing of the roads connecting Ljubljana, Maribor, Velenje, and the Central Sava Valley.
Oasis (Do As Infinity song)
"Oasis" is Do As Infinity's third single, released in 2000. The song was used in a commercial for Kanebo's"T'ESTIMO" cosmetics line.

It was included in the band's compilation albums Do the Best and Do the A-side.

Do the Best (Do As Infinity album)
Do the Best is a greatest hits album by the musical group Do As Infinity, released in 2002. In 2004, a combined compilation Do the Best + DVD was released. Some of the tracks in the album have minor changes, such as "Oasis" having an actual, definite ending unlike the original single where it previously had faded out instead. "Nice & Easy" was a brand new song that was included, it was also used as the theme song for a Lavenus commercial song featuring lead singer and musician, Tomiko Van. The CD+DVD version of the album is a re-release which was released in 2004 and included a DVD with numerous (either live or promotional) videos of the first thirteen tracks of the CD album.
Annetta Thompson Mills
Annetta Thompson Mills (1853–1929) was a Presbyterian missionary and educator of the Deaf in China. She founded the first known formal school for the Deaf in China in 1887, the Chefoo School for the Deaf, which eventually became the Yantai Deaf Centre School. Adapting the Lyon Phonetic Manual's fingerspelling system to represent phonetic forms of Chinese characters, in 1908 Mills published what is understood as the first Chinese fingerspelling textbook.

Deafness
Deafness has varying definitions in cultural and medical contexts. In medical contexts, the meaning of deafness is hearing loss that precludes a person from understanding spoken language, an audiological condition. In this context it is written with a lower case d. It later came to be used in a cultural context to refer to those who primarily communicate with a deafness aid or through sign language regardless of hearing ability, often capitalized as Deaf and referred to as "big D Deaf" in speech and sign. The two definitions overlap but are not identical, as hearing loss includes cases that are not severe enough to impact spoken language comprehension, while cultural Deafness includes hearing people who use sign language, such as children of deaf adults.
2011 Asian Women's Volleyball Championship
The 2011 Asian Women's Volleyball Championship was the sixteenth edition of the Asian Championship, a biennial international volleyball tournament organised by the Asian Volleyball Confederation (AVC) with Chinese Taipei Volleyball Association (CTVBA). The tournament was held in Taipei, Taiwan from 15 to 23 September 2011.

Asian Volleyball Confederation
The Asian Volleyball Confederation (AVC) is one of five continental governing bodies in volleyball. It governs indoor volleyball, beach volleyball, and other disciplines in Asia and Oceania, excluding the transcontinental countries of Azerbaijan, Georgia, Russia, and Turkey, as well as the West Asian countries of Armenia, Cyprus, and Israel. The AVC consists of 65 national association members.

The AVC consists of the national volleyball federations of Asia and Oceania, and club competitions including the Asian Volleyball Championships, Nations Cup, and Champions League, and also controls the prize money, regulations, as well as media rights to those competitions.

Masaichi Nishikawa acted as the first president. The current president is Ramon Suzara, a Philippine National Volleyball Federation president, who was elected as AVC's ninth president at the 25th AVC General Assembly in Bangkok in August 2024.
Sugarfoot (film)
Sugarfoot is a 1951 American Western film directed by Edwin L. Marin and starring Randolph Scott.

Aside from the title, the film has nothing to do with the 1957 television series of the same name, which was inspired by Michael Curtiz's The Boy from Oklahoma (1954) starring Will Rogers Jr. However, because of the lingering popularity of the TV show, Warner Brothers temporarily changed this film's title to A Swirl of Glory when it was first syndicated to television in 1962. More recent appearances of the film though, particularly online, indicate that the original title has since been restored to the movie's opening credits.

Edwin L. Marin
Edwin Lawrence Marin (February 21, 1901 – May 2, 1951) was an American film director who directed 58 films between 1932 and 1951, working with Randolph Scott, Anna May Wong, John Wayne, Peter Lorre, George Raft, Bela Lugosi, Judy Garland, Eddie Cantor, Hoagy Carmichael, and others.
IFISC
The Instituto de Fisica Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos (IFISC), or in English the Institute for Cross-Disciplinary Physics and Complex Systems, is a research institute in Europe involved in the study of complex systems and complex phenomena, staffed by permanent professors and researchers, non-tenured Postdoctoral researchers and Ph.D. and Master students. It is a joint research unit between the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) and the University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), situated in Palma de Mallorca, Spain.

Palma de Mallorca
Palma, also known as Palma de Mallorca (officially between 1983–1988, 2006–2008, and 2012–2016), is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of the Balearic Islands in Spain. It is situated on the south coast of Mallorca on the Bay of Palma. With a population of 438,234 as of 2024, it is the 8th-largest city in Spain.

The Cabrera Archipelago, though widely separated from Palma proper, is part of the municipality.
Karl Eduard Rothschuh
Karl Eduard Rothschuh (July 6, 1908, Aachen – September 3, 1984, Münster) was a German cardiac physiologist, medical historian, and medical philosopher. He studied medicine at Hamburg, Frankfurt am Main, Munich, Vienna, and finally Berlin, where he was award the Doctor of Medicine degree in 1937. He was a professor of physiology until 1960 and of history of medicine until 1973 at the University of Münster.   He is considered to be an important contributor to 20th-century German medical philosophy.   He was elected to the German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina in 1969.

Philosophy of medicine
The philosophy of medicine is the applied philosophy that examines issues of theory, research, and practice in medicine and medical sciences, mainly by assessing their claims to knowledge and claims of explanation. By examining concepts that underlie medical practice, the philosophy of medicine provides some foundation to bioethics. And by way of debates on causation and scientific explanation, the philosophy of medicine has contributed to the philosophy of science. Although even the ancients, including Hippocrates, evoked some philosophy of medicine, thorough scholarship on relevant questions are most recognizable since the 1800s. In the 1990s, some argued that the philosophy of medicine had developed into a distinct discipline. By the late 2010s, the philosophy of medicine had gained appreciable autonomy and recognition, manifesting dedicated courses, journals, books, textbooks, and professional organizations.
Celebrity Race Across the World series 2
The second series of Celebrity Race Across the World was a race over 12,500 kilometres (7,800 mi) across South America, starting in Belém, Brazil and finishing in Frutillar, Chile.

It was announced by the BBC on 30 July 2024 and began airing on 14 August 2024 in the 9pm time slot on BBC One.

In the same press release the BBC confirmed that the series would once again consist of 6 hour-long episodes and revealed the four pairs of competitors as broadcaster Jeff Brazier and his son, Freddy; actor Kola Bokinni and his cousin, Mary Ellen; former model Kelly Brook and her husband, Jeremy; and BBC Radio 2 presenter Scott Mills and his then-fiancé (now husband) Sam.

Jeff Brazier
Jeffrey Carl Brazier (born Jeffrey Carl Smith; 27 May 1979) is an English television presenter. He rose to fame after appearing on the third series of Shipwrecked (2001), before going on to present television shows including Finders Keepers (2006), I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! NOW! (2006) and OK! TV (2011), as well as working as a showbiz presenter on This Morning and appearing in advertisements for ambassador for the People's Postcode Lottery. He has also appeared as a contestant on various television shows including I'm Famous and Frightened! (2004), The Farm (2004), Dancing on Ice (2011), Celebrity SAS: Who Dares Wins (2019) and Celebrity MasterChef (2020)

Brazier also played association football, beginning his youth career with West Ham United and has played as a defender for various clubs including Leyton Orient, Billericay Town, Wivenhoe Town, Canvey Island, Grays Athletic, Boreham Wood, AFC Varndeanians.
Small nucleolar RNA F1/F2/snoR5a
In molecular biology, Small nucleolar RNA F1/F2/snoR5a refers to a group of related non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecules which function in the biogenesis of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). These small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are modifying RNAs and usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis.

These three snoRNas identified in rice (Oryza sativa), called F1, F2 and snoR5a, belong to the H/ACA box class of snoRNAs as they have the predicted hairpin-hinge-hairpin-tail structure and has the conserved H/ACA-box motifs. The majority of H/ACA box class of snoRNAs are involved in guiding the modification of uridine) to pseudouridine in other RNAs

Non-coding RNA
A non-coding RNA (ncRNA) is a functional RNA molecule that is not translated into a protein. The DNA sequence from which a functional non-coding RNA is transcribed is often called an RNA gene. Abundant and functionally important types of non-coding RNAs include transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), as well as small RNAs such as microRNAs, siRNAs, piRNAs, snoRNAs, snRNAs, exRNAs, scaRNAs and the long ncRNAs such as Xist and HOTAIR.

The number of non-coding RNAs within the human genome is unknown; however, recent transcriptomic and bioinformatic studies suggest that there are thousands of non-coding transcripts. 
Many of the newly identified ncRNAs have unknown functions, if any. 
There is no consensus on how much of non-coding transcription is functional: some believe most ncRNAs to be non-functional "junk RNA", spurious transcriptions, while others expect that many non-coding transcripts have functions to be discovered.
Hayley Chase
Hayley Chase  is an American actress, known for her many dramatic roles such as, Grey's Anatomy, Hawaii Five-0, NCIS, CSI: Miami, Criminal Minds and comedic guest starring roles on television as well as her recurring role as Joannie Palumbo on Hannah Montana. She has starred in numerous television ads for Yoplait and AT&T.

Criminal Minds
Criminal Minds is an American police procedural crime drama television series created by Jeff Davis that premiered on CBS on September 22, 2005. It follows a group of criminal profilers who work for the FBI as members of its Behavioral Analysis Unit (BAU).

Criminal Minds became a ratings success for CBS, consistently ranking among the network’s most-watched programs and winning the People’s Choice Award for Best TV Crime Drama in 2017. Its success has spawned a media franchise, with several spinoffs, a South Korean adaptation, and a video game.

Criminal Minds originally culminated after its fifteenth season on February 19, 2020; however, it was revived and re-titled Criminal Minds: Evolution for its sixteenth season, which premiered on Paramount+ in November 2022. In March 2025, Criminal Minds was renewed for a nineteenth season.
David Jones (video game developer)
David Scott Jones (born October 1965) is a Scottish video game programmer and entrepreneur who co-founded video game developers DMA Design (now Rockstar North) in 1987, Realtime Worlds in 2002, and Cloudgine in 2012. Jones created Lemmings and Grand Theft Auto, which both spawned many successful sequels. He also created the Crackdown franchise for the Xbox 360 and Xbox One consoles, and the open-ended massively multiplayer online game APB: All Points Bulletin.

In 2009, he was chosen by IGN as one of the top 100 game creators of all time.

Massively multiplayer online game
A massively multiplayer online (MMO) game, sometimes referred to as an MMOG, is an online video game with a large number of players to interact in the same online game world. MMOs usually feature a huge, persistent open world, although there are games that differ. These games can be found for most network-capable platforms, including the personal computer, video game console, or smartphones and other mobile devices.

MMOs can enable players to cooperate and compete with each other on a large scale, and sometimes to interact meaningfully with people around the world. They include a variety of gameplay types, representing many video game genres.
Ceraphronoidea
The Ceraphronoidea are a small hymenopteran superfamily that includes only two families, and a total of some 800 species, though a great many species are still undescribed. It is a poorly known group as a whole, and most are believed to be parasitoid or hyperparasitoids.

The two families are unified by several characters, the most visible of which is their wing venation is greatly reduced in a very specific and unique way; the costal and radial veins have fused so no costal cell is present, a short break occurs at the stigma, and the only vein in the wing membrane itself is the radial sector, which is short and curved, arising from the stigma.
The taxon was erected by Alexander Henry Haliday.

Some fossil families that were formerly assigned to this group have since been reassigned elsewhere including Aptenoperissidae, Radiophronidae and Stigmaphronidae.

Hymenoptera
Hymenoptera is a large order of insects, comprising the sawflies, wasps, bees, and ants. Over 150,000 living species of Hymenoptera have been described, in addition to over 2,000 extinct ones. Many of the species are parasitic. Females typically have a special ovipositor for inserting eggs into hosts or places that are otherwise inaccessible. This ovipositor is often modified into a stinger. The young develop through holometabolism (complete metamorphosis)—that is, they have a wormlike larval stage and an inactive pupal stage before they reach adulthood.
Kelvin Yondan
Kelvin Patrick Yondani (born 9 October 1989) is a Tanzanian football player who plays a defending position. He currently plays for Geita Gold.

Yondan is also a member of the Tanzania national football team.

Tanzania national football team
The Tanzania national football team (Swahili: Timu ya Taifa ya Mpira wa Miguu ya Tanzania) represents Tanzania in men's international football and is controlled by the Tanzania Football Federation, the governing body for football in Tanzania, Tanzania's home ground is Benjamin Mkapa National Stadium in Dar es Salaam and their head coach is Hemed Morocco from Tanzania. They are colloquially known as the Taifa Stars. Tanzania has never qualified for the FIFA World Cup. Before uniting with Zanzibar, the team played as the Tanganyika national football team. The team represents both FIFA and Confederation of African Football (CAF).

The island of Zanzibar, part of Tanzania (and once an independent nation), is also an associate member of CAF and has played matches with other nations, but is not eligible to enter the World Cup or Africa Cup of Nations. See Zanzibar national football team.
Middle Hill Battery
Middle Hill Battery is an artillery battery in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar. It is located on Middle Hill, at the northeastern end of the Upper Rock Nature Reserve, just south of Green's Lodge Battery and Rock Gun Battery. The emplacement dates to 1727, when a single gun was mounted. By the turn of the twentieth century, six 10-inch rifled muzzle-loading guns were present at Middle Hill Battery. Other buildings documented at that time as part of the battery complex included the Nursery Hut (barrack accommodation) and the Middle Hill Group, the latter a cluster of buildings which perched on the cliff edge. An anti-aircraft Bofors gun had been installed at the battery by the Second World War. After the war, the area transitioned to use as a Ministry of Defence aerial farm. In 2005, the battery and surrounding area were transferred to the Government of Gibraltar. The site is now managed by the Gibraltar Ornithological and Natural History Society.

Muzzle-loading rifle
A muzzle-loading rifle is a muzzle-loaded small arm that has a rifled barrel rather than a smoothbore, and is loaded from the muzzle of the barrel rather than the breech. Historically they were developed when rifled barrels were introduced by the 1740's, which offered higher accuracy than the earlier smoothbores. The American longrifle evolved from the German "Jäger" rifle; a popularly recognizable form of the "muzzleloader" was the Kentucky Rifle. Although by definition they must be reloaded after each shot in a time-consuming fashion, they are still produced for hunting.

Comparable artillery pieces are termed rifled muzzle loader (RML).
Walter Hasenclever
Walter Georg Alfred Hasenclever (8 July 1890 – 22 June 1940) was a German Jewish Expressionist poet and playwright. His works were banned when the Nazis came to power and he went into exile in France. There he was imprisoned as a "foreign enemy". He died in Les Milles (Camp des Milles) near Aix-en-Provence.

Les Milles
Les Milles is a village, part of the commune of Aix-en-Provence, in southern France.

Camp des Milles was opened in September 1939 at a former tile factory in the village.  Originally a French internment camp to detain undesirable aliens, it was later used  as a transit camp for Jews to be deported to extermination camps, mainly Auschwitz.
PM Entertainment
PM Entertainment Group Inc. (stylized as pm entertainment group, incorporated) was an American production, distribution company which produced a distinctive line of low-to-medium budget films mostly targeted for home-video market. The company diversified into television production and larger budgeted star vehicles before being sold by its founders in 2000.

Production company
A production company, production house, or production studio is a studio that creates works in the fields of performing arts, new media art, film, television, radio, comics, interactive arts, video games, websites, music, and video. These groups consist of technical staff and members to 
produce the media, and are often incorporated as a commercial publisher.

Generally the term refers to all individuals responsible for the technical aspects of creating a particular product, regardless of where in the process their expertise is required, or how long they are involved in the project.  For example, in a theatrical performance, the production team has not only the running crew, but also the theatrical producer, designers, and theatrical direction.
Portrait of Joseph Banks (Lawrence)
Portrait of Joseph Banks is an 1806 portrait painting by the English artist Thomas Lawrence. It depicts the British botanist Joseph Banks, who had served as President of the Royal Society since 1778. He is depicted as an experienced, authoritative figure seated and wearing the Order of the Bath with the ceremonial mace of the Royal Society beside him.

The Bristol-born Lawrence emerged s child prodigy and later became the most celebrated portraitist of the Regency era. In 1820 he was elected as President of the Royal Academy of Arts. He displayed this painting at the Royal Academy Exhibition of 1806 held at Somerset House in London. It is now in the collection of the British Museum, having been donated by Daniel Lysons in 1819. A popular  print was produced by the Belgian engraver Antonie Cardon based on Lawrence's work.

Somerset House
Somerset House is a large neoclassical building complex situated on the south side of the Strand in central London, overlooking the River Thames, just east of Waterloo Bridge. The Georgian era quadrangle is built on the site of a Tudor palace ("Old Somerset House") originally belonging to the Duke of Somerset. The present Somerset House was designed by Sir William Chambers, begun in 1776, and was further extended with Victorian era outer wings to the east and west in 1831 and 1856 respectively. The site of Somerset House stood directly on the River Thames until the Victoria Embankment was built in the late 1860s.

The great Georgian era structure was built to be a grand public building housing various government and public-benefit society offices. Its present tenants are a mixture of various organisations, generally centred around the arts and education.
The Bitcoin Standard
The Bitcoin Standard: The Decentralized Alternative to Central Banking is a 2018 book by Saifedean Ammous, published by Wiley.

A review in Reason magazine praised Ammous' explanations, but criticised periodic rants "attributing all of society's alleged cultural failings... to government-issued money", a criticism repeated in a review in Cato Journal.

A 2021 review by the Central Bank of Barbados criticised Ammous' summary of the gold standard era, and the lack of empirical evidence for his claims.

Reason (magazine)
Reason is an American libertarian monthly magazine published by the Reason Foundation. As of 2024, the magazine has a circulation of about 50,000 (print and online), reaching nearly two million social media followers.
Richard Dysart
Richard Allen Dysart (March 30, 1929 – April 5, 2015) was an American actor. He is best known for his role as senior partner Leland McKenzie in the television series L.A. Law (1986–1994), for which he won a 1992 Primetime Emmy Award as Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series after four consecutive nominations. In film, he held supporting roles in The Hospital (1971), Being There (1979), The Thing (1982), Mask (1985), Pale Rider (1985) and Wall Street (1987).

The Hospital
The Hospital is a 1971 American absurdist satirical black comedy film directed by Arthur Hiller and starring George C. Scott as Dr. Herbert Bock. It was written by Paddy Chayefsky, who was awarded the 1972 Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay.  Chayefsky also narrates the film and was one of the producers; he had complete control over the casting and content of the film.

In 1995, The Hospital was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as being deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".