hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Heterojunction
A heterojunction is an interface between two layers or regions of dissimilar semiconductors. These semiconducting materials have unequal band gaps as opposed to a homojunction. It is often advantageous to engineer the electronic energy bands in many solid-state device applications, including semiconductor lasers, solar cells and transistors. The combination of multiple heterojunctions together in a device is called a heterostructure, although the two terms are commonly used interchangeably. The requirement that each material be a semiconductor with unequal band gaps is somewhat loose, especially on small length scales, where electronic properties depend on spatial properties. A more modern definition of heterojunction is the interface between any two solid-state materials, including crystalline and amorphous structures of metallic, insulating, fast ion conductor and semiconducting materials.

Luminescence
Luminescence can be simply defined as any emission of visible electromagnetic radiation (light) not ascribable directly to incandescence. Incandescence emerges at high temperatures due to thermal radiation; in contrast, because luminescence is often independent of temperature, it is sometimes termed cold light. However, some kinds of luminescence (e.g., candoluminescence, pyroluminescence, thermoluminescence) are associated with or require elevated temperatures. Notably, luminescence is exhibited by primary light sources (which emit light) rather than by secondary light sources (which reflect or transmit light).

Luminescence has also been defined to include all optical radiation, rather than being limited to visible radiation. In addition, it has been defined as a spontaneous emission of radiation from an electronically or vibrationally excited species not in thermal equilibrium with its environment.
The Cure (The Saw Doctors album)
The Cure is the 6th studio recording release by Irish rock band The Saw Doctors. The CD was released on The Saw Doctor's own record label, Shamtown Records and has the catalogue number of SAWDOC013CD. All the songs on the album are original songs written by members of the band, except for Track 11, "Funny World", which is written by old friend Paul Cunniffe.

Davy Carton
Davy Carton (born 10 April 1959) is a singer, songwriter, and rhythm guitarist from Tuam, County Galway, in the Republic of Ireland. He is best known as a core member of the Saw Doctors, the folk-rock band he co-founded with Leo Moran and others in 1987.
Lee Martin (footballer, born September 1968)
Lee Brendan Martin (born 9 September 1968) is an English former professional footballer. He played as a goalkeeper for many teams in the north of England.

He graduated from the University of Salford's Physiotherapy degree in 2002  and was the physiotherapist at his home-town club, Huddersfield Town between 2003 and 2008. He left on 4 July 2008, "by mutual consent", to start up his own physiotherapy business. He was replaced at the Galpharm Stadium by the ex-Accrington Stanley physiotherapist Ian Liversedge.

He was appointed as Physiotherapist by Tranmere Rovers in 2010.

Kirklees Stadium
Kirklees Stadium, currently known as the Accu Stadium for sponsorship reasons, is a multi-purpose stadium in Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, England. With a capacity of 24,121, it has been the home ground of Huddersfield Town Association Football Club and Huddersfield Giants Rugby League Football Club, both of whom moved from Leeds Road since 1994.

The stadium was a venue for the Rugby League World Cup in 1995, 2000, 2013 and 2021, in addition to the 1999 Rugby World Cup. Since 25th September 2025 it is owned solely by Huddersfield Town Football Club. Its naming rights have passed from constructors Alfred McAlpine to pharmaceutical company Galpharm International in 2004, then to John Smith's Brewery eight years later, and Accu in 2025.
Anastasia Stashkevich
Anastasia Stashkevich (Russian: Анастасия Сташкевич; born 20 November 1984) is a Russian principal dancer with the Bolshoi Ballet.

Anastasia Stashkevich was born in Leningrad, and studied at the Moscow Choreographic Academy with Tatyana Galtseva. Upon her graduation in 2003 she joined the Bolshoi Ballet, where she presently works under the tutelage of Svetlana Adyrkhaeva. She was promoted to the rank of soloist in October 2009, to first soloist in September 2011, to leading soloist in May 2012, and was appointed to the rank of principal dancer in July 2015.

Her guest appearances have included performing Kitri in Don Quixote with the Tokyo Ballet and Phrygia in Spartacus with the Royal Ballet of Flanders.

In 2018 Stashkevich received the Golden Mask theater award for her performance as the Novice in Jerome Robbins' The Cage.

Moscow State Academy of Choreography
The Moscow State Academy of Choreography (Russian: Московская государственная академия хореографии), commonly known as The Bolshoi Ballet Academy, is one of the oldest and most prestigious schools of ballet in the world, located in Moscow, Russia. It is the affiliate school of the Bolshoi Ballet. Founded on December 23, 1773 as the second ballet school in Russia, it entered into a contract with the Italian teacher-choreographer Filippo Becari, regarded as “the most capable of teaching” children to learn “to dance with all possible precision and to show themselves publicly in all pantomime ballets”.

The Bolshoi Ballet receives the majority of its dancers from the academy, as do most other Moscow ballet companies. Numerous choreographers, instructors and graduates of the academy have become renowned.
The academy was awarded the Japanese Foreign Minister’s Commendation for their contributions to promotion of cultural exchange through art between Japan and Russia on December 1, 2020.
SQL:1999
SQL:1999 (also called SQL 3) was the fourth revision of the SQL database query language. It introduced many new features, many of which required clarifications in the subsequent SQL:2003. In the meanwhile SQL:1999 is deprecated.

IBM Db2
Db2 is a family of data management products, including database servers, developed by IBM. It initially supported the relational model, but was extended to support object–relational features and non-relational structures like JSON and XML. The brand name was originally styled as DB2 until 2017, when it changed to its present form. In the early days, it was sometimes wrongly styled as DB/2 in a false derivation from the operating system OS/2.
Queens-Shelburne (provincial electoral district)
Queens-Shelburne was a provincial electoral district in  Nova Scotia, Canada, that elects one member of the Nova Scotia House of Assembly. The riding was created in 2012 with 89 per cent of the former district of Queens, 46 per cent of the former district of Shelburne and 1 per cent of the former district of Digby-Annapolis. It consists of the towns of Lockeport and Shelburne, the Municipality of the District of Shelburne, and the Region of Queens Municipality.

Digby-Annapolis
Digby—Annapolis is a provincial electoral district in  Nova Scotia, Canada, which existed between 1993 and 2013 and since 2021. It elects one member of the Nova Scotia House of Assembly. The electoral district includes the Municipality of the District of Digby, which is the northeastern half of Digby County as well as the western part of Annapolis County.

The electoral district was created in 1993 by merging sections from Annapolis East, Annapolis West, and Digby. It was abolished following the 2012 electoral boundary review and was largely replaced by the new electoral districts of Clare-Digby and Annapolis. It was re-created out of those districts following the 2019 electoral boundary review.
Angell Hall Observatory
Angell Hall Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by University of Michigan. It is located on the UM Central Campus on top of Angell Hall in Ann Arbor, Michigan (US).  It has a computer-controlled 0.4-m Cassegrain telescope in its single dome, and a small radio telescope on the roof. In the past it has housed a large, clock-driven refracting telescope and a reflecting telescope in side-by-side domes.  The current telescope was manufactured by DFM Engineering and installed in December 1994.

Other observatories that UM has operated include the Detroit Observatory (1854), the Lamont–Hussey Observatory (South Africa, 1928), the McMath–Hulbert Observatory (Lake Angelus, Michigan, 1930), the Portage Lake Observatory (near Dexter, Michigan, 1948), and the Peach Mountain Observatory (near Dexter, Michigan, 1958).

Dexter, Michigan
Dexter is a city in Washtenaw County, Michigan, in the United States. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 4,500.

Established as a village in 1830, Dexter was incorporated as a city in 2014. It lies approximately nine miles northwest of Ann Arbor, the county seat of Washtenaw County, and 40 miles west of Detroit, the largest city in the state.
Kapasiwin
Kapasiwin (/kəˈpæsɪwɪn/) is a summer village in Alberta, Canada. It is located in the eastern shore of Wabamun Lake, south of Wabamun Lake Provincial Park and the Yellowhead Highway. The name derives from kapesiwin (ᑲᐯᓯᐃᐧᐣ), the Cree word for "campground". It was known as the Village of Wabamun Beach from 1913 to 1918 and was the first incorporated summer village in Alberta.

Cree language
Cree (/kriː/ KREE; also known as Cree–Montagnais–Naskapi) is a dialect continuum of Algonquian languages spoken by approximately 86,475 people across Canada in 2021, from the Northwest Territories to Alberta to Labrador. If considered one language, it is the aboriginal language with the highest number of speakers in Canada. The only region where Cree has any official status is in the Northwest Territories, alongside eight other aboriginal languages. There, Cree is spoken mainly in Fort Smith and Hay River.
Kurt Bergström
Kurt J. Bergström (23 July 1891 – 20 November 1955) was a Swedish sailor who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics. He was a crew member of the Swedish boat Erna Signe, which won the silver medal in the 12 metre class at the 1912 Olympics. His brother Dick Bergström was also a crew member.

Kurt was an MD and worked as a physician in Jönköping, Sweden.

Jönköping
Jönköping (/ˈjɜːn(t)ʃɜːpɪŋ/, Swedish: [ˈjœ̂nːˌɕøːpɪŋ] ⓘ) is a city in southern Sweden with 112,766 inhabitants (2022). Jönköping is situated on the southern shore of Sweden's second largest lake, Vättern, in the province of Småland.

The city is the seat of Jönköping Municipality, which has a population of 144,699 (2022) and is Småland's most populous municipality. Jönköping is also the seat of Jönköping County which has a population of 367,064 (2022). Jönköping is the seat of a district court and a court of appeal as well as the Swedish National Courts Administration. It is also the seat of the Swedish Board of Agriculture.
Scirpus flaccidifolius
Scirpus flaccidifolius, the reclining bulrush, is an uncommon plant species endemic to a small region in Virginia and North Carolina. It is reported from only six populations in three counties in Virginia (Greensville, Sussex and Southampton) and one county in North Carolina (Northampton). All known populations are within 100 km of each other, though the species does not seem to be in danger of extinction.

Scirpus flaccidifolius is unusual in the genus in having culms (flowering stalks) that lean against other vegetation instead of being stiff and erect. The species also has wider but less numerous spikelets than closely related species (fewer than 15 spikelets per cluster but each spikelet 2–3 mm wide).

Sussex County, Virginia
Sussex County is a rural county located in the southeast of the Commonwealth of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 10,829. Its county seat is Sussex. It was formed in 1754 from Surry County. The county is named after the county of Sussex, England.

Sussex County is included in the Greater Richmond Region.
October 1985 lunar eclipse
A total lunar eclipse occurred at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit on Monday, October 28, 1985, with an umbral magnitude of 1.0736. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened. A total lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon's near side entirely passes into the Earth's umbral shadow. Unlike a solar eclipse, which can only be viewed from a relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on the night side of Earth. A total lunar eclipse can last up to nearly two hours, while a total solar eclipse lasts only a few minutes at any given place, because the Moon's shadow is smaller. Occurring about 1.2 days before apogee (on October 29, 1985, at 21:50 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was smaller.

This lunar eclipse was the second of a tetrad, with four total lunar eclipses in series, the others being on May 4, 1985; April 24, 1986; and October 17, 1986.

Tetrad (astronomy)
In astronomy, a tetrad is a set of four total lunar eclipses within two consecutive years.

The frequency of tetrads varies by century with the frequency of total lunar eclipses. This repeating cycle is called a tetradia. See Eclipse cycle for more information.
Depot Peak
Depot Peak is a solitary nunatak featuring a single needle-shaped peak, located approximately 37 nautical miles (70 km) north of the Stinear Nunataks in Mac. Robertson Land. It was discovered by an Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions party led by R.G. Dovers during a southern journey in December 1954, and named as such because a depot was established nearby.

Nunatak
A nunatak (from Inuit nunataq) is the summit or ridge of a mountain that protrudes from an ice field or glacier that otherwise covers most of the mountain or ridge. They often form natural pyramidal peaks. Isolated nunataks are also called glacial islands, and smaller nunataks rounded by glacial action may be referred to as rognons.

The word is of Greenlandic origin and has been used in English since the 1870s.
Speth
Speth is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

George Speth, American football player

Hans Speth, military commander

James Gustave Speth, American environmental lawyer and activist

Johann Speth, German composer

Ralf Speth, automotive executive

Hans Speth
Hans-Ludwig Speth (7 October 1897 – 30 April 1985) was a German general during World War II who commanded the 28th Jäger Division. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross of Nazi Germany.
The Outsider (1931 film)
The Outsider is a 1931 British drama film directed by Harry Lachman and starring Joan Barry, Harold Huth and Norman McKinnel. The screenplay concerns an unorthodox osteopath who cures one of his patients, the daughter of a fellow Doctor. It was made at Elstree Studios and based on the 1923 play of the same title by Dorothy Brandon, previously made into an American silent film in 1926. The film's sets were designed by Wilfred Arnold.

Harold Huth's performance was voted the best in a British film in 1931. The film was remade in 1939 as The Outsider with George Sanders and Mary Maguire in the leading roles.

Dorothy Brandon
Dorothy Brandon was a British playwright active in the interwar years. Her greatest West End success was the 1923 medical drama The Outsider which was revived several times, and adapted into films on three occasions.

An earlier hit was 1917's Wild Heather which ran at the Strand Theatre for 79 performances. It was also made into a film. A 1926 play Blind Alley was less successful, running for thirteen performances.
Bacidina ferax
Bacidina ferax is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Ramalinaceae. It is characterised by its abundant apothecia and unique habitat preferences. It is typically found in seasonally flooded zones along lakes and rivers in central and northern Sweden, as well as in Finland and Russia. This lichen is often confused with other species like Bacidina inundata and Bacidina chloroticula, but can be distinguished by its specific morphological and chemical characteristics.

Salix cinerea
Salix cinerea (common sallow, grey sallow, grey willow, grey-leaved sallow, large grey willow, pussy willow, rusty sallow) is a species of willow native to Europe and western Asia.

The plant provides a great deal of nectar for pollinators. It was rated in the top 10, with a ranking of second place, for most nectar production (nectar per unit cover per year) in a UK plants survey conducted by the AgriLand project which is supported by the UK Insect Pollinators Initiative.
Lucigenin
Lucigenin is an aromatic compound used in areas which include chemiluminescence. Its chemical name is bis-N-methylacridinium nitrate.  It exhibits a bluish-green fluorescence.

It is used as a probe for superoxide anion in biology, for its chemiluminescent properties.

Chemiluminescence
Chemiluminescence (also chemoluminescence) is the emission of light (luminescence) as the result of a chemical reaction, i.e. a chemical reaction results in a flash or glow of light.  A standard example of chemiluminescence in the laboratory setting is the luminol test.  Here, blood is indicated by luminescence upon contact with iron in hemoglobin. When chemiluminescence takes place in living organisms, the phenomenon is called bioluminescence. A light stick emits light by chemiluminescence.
2011 Ilocos Sur's 1st congressional district special election
A special election for Ilocos Sur's 1st district seat in the House of Representatives of the Philippines was held on May 28, 2011. The special election was called after incumbent representative Ronald Singson resigned on March 7, 2011, after being convicted of drug possession by the Wan Chai District Court in Hong Kong. Vigan vice mayor Ryan Luis Singson, the former representative's brother, won the election and shall serve the remainder of his brother's term which will end on June 30, 2013.

Commission on Elections (Philippines)
The Commission on Elections (Filipino: Komisyon sa Halalan), abbreviated as COMELEC, is one of the three constitutional commissions of the Philippines. Its principal role is to enforce all laws and regulations relative to the conduct of elections in the Philippines.

The other two Constitutional Commissions are the Commission on Audit and Civil Service Commission.
Liechtenstein at the 1936 Summer Olympics
Liechtenstein competed at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, Germany, which took place from 1 to 16 August 1936. It was the first Summer Olympics in which Liechtenstein competed, as the Liechtenstein Olympic Committee had been founded the year prior. Six male competitors took part in five events in three sports. None of them won medals.

It was only at these games that Liechtenstein realized their flag was identical to that of Haiti. This prompted Liechtenstein to add the crown found in their current flag so that both flags could be distinguishable from each other at the opening ceremony. The modified design made in the ceremony was officially adopted by Liechtenstein on 24 June 1937.

Athletics at the 1936 Summer Olympics – Men's discus throw
The men's discus throw event was part of the track and field athletics programme at the 1936 Summer Olympics. The competition was held on August 5, 1936. Thirty-one athletes from 17 nations competed. The maximum number of athletes per nation had been set at 3 since the 1930 Olympic Congress. The final was won by Ken Carpenter of the United States. It was the nation's fourth consecutive, and seventh overall, victory in the men's discus throw; it was also the second consecutive Games that the Americans finished with both of the top two places, as Gordon Dunn took silver. Giorgio Oberweger earned Italy's first men's discus throw medal with his bronze.
Malviya Bridge
Malviya Bridge, inaugurated in 1887 (originally called The Dufferin Bridge), is a double decker bridge over the Ganges at Varanasi. It carries rail track on lower deck and road on the upper deck. It is one of the major bridges on the Ganges and carries the Grand Trunk Road across the river.

It has 7 spans of 350 ft and 9 spans of 110 ft and it was the first bridge of its type constructed in the Indian sub-continent by the engineers of Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway (O&R Railway).  The engineer in charge of construction of the Dufferin Bridge was Frederick Thomas Granville Walton, who went on to become the Engineer in Chief of the Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway company.  The bridge was renamed as the Malviya Bridge in 1948 after Madan Mohan Malaviya. As the bridge is near Rajghat, it is also locally known as Rajghat bridge. Malviya Bridge is between Kashi, Varanasi Junction and Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Junction (Mughalsarai Junction) stations.

Kashi railway station
Kashi railway station is one of the railway stations in Varanasi district. It is 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) east of Varanasi Junction railway station, 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) North-West of Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Junction railway station and 26 kilometres (16 mi) South-East of Lal Bahadur Shastri Airport. Kashi railway station serves the Eastern suburbs of Varanasi district and serves as major secondary railway station to Varanasi and Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya railway stations.
Ema Peter
Ema Peter (born October 19, 1977) is a Canadian architectural photographer. Based in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, she is known for taking a photojournalist approach to capture the relationship between built forms, light and people who live and work within them. She has photographed buildings and interiors Internationally for architects such as Omar Gandhi, Bjarke Ingels Group, Kengo Kuma, Kohn Pedersen Fox, AECOM, Luis Vidal and many more.

She studied in National Academy of Theatre and Film Arts in Sofia, Bulgaria.

She was listed as the Top 5 Architectural Photography studios in the world 2021 by Architizer.  She was included in the article "100 most inspiring architectural photographers in the world" by the Loop Design Awards and her story had been featured in articles on CBC News, Forbes Bulgaria, Svobodna Evropa, Madame Architect, Vancouver Sun, and Nova TV News.

Her work has been extensively featured in Western Living magazine.

Kohn Pedersen Fox
Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates (KPF) is an American architectural firm based in New York City that provides architecture, interior, programming and master planning services. They engineer different projects including civic and cultural spaces, commercial office buildings, transportation facilities, residential and hospitality developments, educational and institutional facilities, and mixed-use commercial developments.
Villa Anneslie
Villa Anneslie is a historic home located at Towson, Baltimore County, Maryland, United States. It was built about 1855 as a summer home. Designed by architect John Rudolph Niernsee, it is an Italianate two-story villa built in brick and covered in clapboard.  It features an asymmetrical design with a central three story tower over the entrance.

Villa Anneslie was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.

Towson, Maryland
Towson (/ˈtaʊsən/) is an unincorporated community and a census-designated place in Baltimore County, Maryland, United States. The population was 59,533 in the 2020 census. It is the county seat of Baltimore County and the second-most populous unincorporated county seat in the United States (after Ellicott City, the seat of nearby Howard County, southwest of Baltimore).
Doujiang
Doujiang (traditional Chinese: 豆漿; simplified Chinese: 豆浆; pinyin: dòujiāng; Jyutping: dau6 zoeng1) is fresh soy milk in Chinese cuisine. It can be served hot or cool, sweet or savoury. Sometimes, it is lightly curdled with vinegar. It is a common breakfast item served with youtiao.

Chinese speakers differentiate doujiang from dounai (Chinese: 豆奶; pinyin: dòunǎi), which is the dairy-like soy milk that comes in packs and are used in items such as soy latte. Usually, doujiang is served in a bowl, and dounai is served in a cup.

Breakfast
Breakfast is the first meal of the day, usually eaten in the morning. The word in English refers to breaking the fasting period of the previous night. Various "typical" or "traditional" breakfast menus exist, with food choices varying by regions and traditions worldwide.