hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Diploschistes albopruinosus
Diploschistes albopruinosus is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling) crustose lichen in the family Graphidaceae. It was described as a new species in 2011, based on specimens collected from the Caldera de Taburiente National Park on the island of La Palma in the Canary Islands (Spain).

Caldera de Taburiente National Park
Caldera de Taburiente National Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional de la Caldera de Taburiente) is a national park on the island of La Palma, Canary Islands, Spain.  It contains the Caldera de Taburiente, which dominates the northern part of the island, and was designated as a national park in 1954. The telescopes of the Roque de los Muchachos Observatory are situated very close to the summit.
HMS Trafalgar
Five ships of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Trafalgar, after the Battle of Trafalgar:

HMS Trafalgar (1820) was a 106-gun first rate launched in 1820. She was renamed HMS Camperdown in 1825, was used for harbour service from 1854 and became a coal hulk in 1857. She was renamed HMS Pitt in 1882 and was sold in 1906.

HMS Trafalgar (1841) was a 120-gun Caledonia-class first rate launched in 1841. She was converted to screw propulsion in 1859, and was renamed HMS Boscawen in 1873. She was sold in 1906.

HMS Trafalgar (1887) was a Trafalgar-class battleship launched in 1887 and sold in 1911.

HMS Trafalgar (D77) was a Battle-class destroyer launched in 1944 and sold in 1970.

HMS Trafalgar (S107) is a Trafalgar-class submarine launched in 1981 and decommissioned in 2009.

HMS Trafalgar (S107)
HMS Trafalgar is a decommissioned Trafalgar-class submarine of the Royal Navy. Unlike the rest of the Trafalgar-class boats that followed, she was not launched with a pump-jet propulsion system, but with a conventional 7-bladed propeller. Trafalgar was the fifth vessel of the Royal Navy to bear the name, after the 1805 Battle of Trafalgar.
Nazi Eyes on Canada
Nazi Eyes on Canada is a five-part Canadian radio play broadcast by CBC Radio in the fall of 1942.

Each of the stories focuses on a real family from a different province of Canada (Ontario, Alberta, New Brunswick, British Columbia and Saskatchewan), then portrays an imagined horrible future for the family if Nazi Germany were to win the Second World War.

The cast included Orson Welles, Vincent Price, Helen Hayes, Judith Evelyn, war correspondent Quentin Reynolds, House Jameson and Katharine Raht of The Aldrich Family, and Lorne Greene.

The episodes, produced by James Frank Willis, were made in co-operation with the National War Finance Committee, a government committee established to encourage the sale of War bonds.

Lorne Greene
Lorne Hyman Greene OC (born Lyon Himan Green; February 12, 1915 – September 11, 1987) was a Canadian actor, singer, and radio personality. His notable television roles include Ben Cartwright on the Western Bonanza and Commander Adama in the original science-fiction television series Battlestar Galactica and Galactica 1980.  He also worked on the Canadian television nature documentary series Lorne Greene's New Wilderness and in television commercials.
2022 Kanpur violence
On June 3, hundreds of Muslims demonstrated after Friday prayers in Kanpur against the remarks on Muhammad made by former BJP spokesperson Nupur Sharma. Violence broke out after some Muslim demonstrators threw stones at police.

The violence broke out in Parade, Nai Sadak and Yateemkhana areas of the city on Friday when some people tried to force shopkeepers to close down the shops.

Nupur Sharma
Nupur Sharma (born 23 April 1985) is an Indian politician. She was the national spokesperson of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) until June 2022. She frequently represented BJP on Indian television debates as an official spokesperson. In June 2022, she was suspended from the party due to her comments about Muhammad and the age of his third wife, Aisha, at the time of their marriage and the consummation of the marriage as well her comments on other central doctrines in the Islamic tradition.
Post-election pendulum for the 2001 Australian federal election
The Mackerras pendulum as a way of predicting the outcome of an election contested between two major parties in a Westminster style lower house legislature such as the Australian House of Representatives, which is composed of single-member electorates and which uses a preferential voting system such as a Condorcet method or instant-runoff voting.

The pendulum works by lining up all of the seats held in Parliament for the government, the opposition and the crossbenches according to the percentage point margin they are held by on a two party preferred basis. This is also known as the swing required for the seat to change hands. Given a uniform swing to the opposition or government parties, the number of seats that change hands can be predicted.

Lower house
A lower house is the lower chamber of a bicameral legislature, where the other chamber is the upper house. Although styled as "below" the upper house, in many legislatures worldwide, the lower house has come to wield more power or otherwise exert significant political influence.
Centris analis
Centris analis is a solitary, oil-collecting bee with a geographical range extending from Brazil to Mexico. C. analis is a small, fast-flying bee with an average head width of 3.21mm and 3.54mm for males and females, respectively. While most species of the genus Centris create burrows for nesting, C. analis and other species of the subgenus Heterocentris build nests in pre-existing cavities rather than in the ground. C. analis is a pollinator of many plant species, especially of those in the family Malpighiaceae, which has encouraged its application in acerola orchards.

Malpighiaceae
Malpighiaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Malpighiales. It comprises about 71 genera and 1315 species, all of which are native to the tropics and subtropics. About 80% of the genera and 90% of the species occur in the New World (the Caribbean and the southernmost United States to Argentina) and the rest in the Old World (Africa, Madagascar, and Indomalaya to New Caledonia and the Philippines).

One useful species in the family is Malpighia emarginata, often called acerola. The fruit is consumed in areas where the plant is native. The plant is cultivated elsewhere for the fruit, which is rich in vitamin C.

Another member of the family, caapi or yagé (Banisteriopsis caapi), is used in the entheogenic brew known as ayahuasca.

One feature found in several members of this family, and rarely in others, is providing pollinators with rewards other than pollen or nectar; this is commonly in the form of nutrient oils (resins are offered by Clusiaceae).
Manuels River Formation
Manuels River Formation is a Middle Cambrian (Drumian) geological formation cropping out in the Random Island area of Newfoundland and elsewhere?.  Its black/dark brown, finely laminated mudstones and thicker-bedded siltstones are occasionally interrupted by thin yellowish silty limestone horizons.

Drumian
39°30′42″N 112°59′29″W﻿ / ﻿39.5117°N 112.9915°W﻿ / 39.5117; -112.9915
The Drumian is a stage of the Miaolingian Series of the Cambrian. It succeeds the Wuliuan and precedes the Guzhangian. The base is defined as the first appearance of the trilobite Ptychagnostus atavus around 504.5 million years ago. The top is defined as the first appearance of another trilobite Lejopyge laevigata around 500.5 million years ago.
Lychee pork
Lychee pork, or lizhi rou (Chinese: 荔枝肉; pinyin: lìzhī ròu; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lāi-chi-bah; Eastern Min: liĕk-chiĕ-nṳ̆k), is a dish in Fujianese cuisine that consists of small pieces of deep-fried pork and sliced water chestnuts served in a sweet and sour sauce. Its bright red colour is derived from red yeast rice. In lower-end restaurants, the sauce is commonly made with ketchup, soy sauce, and rice vinegar.

Rice vinegar
Rice vinegar is a vinegar made from rice wine in East Asia (China, Japan and Korea), as well as in Vietnam in Southeast Asia. It is used as a seasoning, dressing, and dipping in many dishes, including sushi, jiaozi, and banchans. Some of its variants are also a drink by themselves.
Acarospora brodoana
Acarospora brodoana is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling) crustose lichen in the family Acarosporaceae. It was described as a new species in 2016 from specimens collected in the San Bernardino Mountains in southern California. The type specimen was collected on granite from a steep terraced slope above the cirque near Dollar Lake. The species epithet honors the lichenologist Irwin M. Brodo. The lichen is distinguished from similar species by the combination of a blackened upper ascospore-bearing surface (carbonized epihymenium) and a black tissue layer beneath the spore-bearing region (hypothecium).

Acarosporaceae
The Acarosporaceae are a family of fungi in the order Acarosporales. Members of this family have a widespread distribution, and are mostly lichenized with green algae. According to a 2021 estimate, the family contains 11 genera and about 260 species. The family is characterised by a hamathecium formed of paraphysoids (hyphal structures similar in function to true paraphyses, but often branched and forming a network).
Trinity Episcopal Church (Groton, South Dakota)
The Trinity Episcopal Church  in Groton, South Dakota is a historic church at 3rd Avenue East and 3rd Street North.  It was built in 1884 and was added to the National Register in 1983.

It was built to a design published in Richard Upjohn's 1852 book Rural Architecture.

Richard Upjohn
Richard Upjohn (22 January 1802 – 16 August 1878) was a British-American architect who immigrated to the United States and became most famous for his Gothic Revival churches. He was partially responsible for launching the movement to popularity in the United States. Upjohn also did extensive work in and helped to popularize the Italianate style. He was a founder and the first president of the American Institute of Architects. His son, Richard Michell Upjohn, (1828-1903), was also a well-known architect and served as a partner in his continued architectural firm in New York.
Alex Fàbregas
Alexandre "Alex" Fábregas Carne (born 25 October 1980 in Barcelona, Spain) is a former Spanish field hockey player who played for the Spain national team as midfielder.

He finished in fourth position with the Men's National Team at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece. He was also part of the Spanish team that won the silver medal at the 2008 Summer Olympics. He played club hockey for Real Club de Polo in his hometown of Barcelona.

He was the target of death threats and insults on Twitter during the 2012 Olympic Games after stating that he played for Spain because he "had no other choice".

Real Club de Polo de Barcelona
Real Club de Polo de Barcelona (English: Barcelona Royal Polo Club) is a country club in Barcelona, Spain. Established in 1897, it had 9000 members at the time of the 1992 Summer Olympics. Normally used for polo, field hockey, tennis, squash, and swimming by its members. the club was the venue for the Olympic equestrian competition (dressage, jumping, and the eventing finals) and the riding portion of the modern pentathlon events.
Christopher Siddall
Christopher James Siddall (born 11 December 1979, Sheffield, Yorkshire, England) is an English cricketer.  Siddall is a left-handed batsman who bowls right-arm off break.

Siddall represented the Yorkshire Cricket Board in a single List A match against Huntingdonshire in the second round of the 2000 NatWest Trophy. In his only List A match, he scored five runs.

2000 NatWest Trophy
The 2000 NatWest Trophy was the 20th and last NatWest Trophy before being renamed as the Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy for the 2001 season.  It was an English limited overs county cricket tournament which was held between 2 May and 26 August 2000. The tournament was won by Gloucestershire who defeated Warwickshire by 22 runs in the final at Lord's.
Brede-class lifeboat
The Brede-class lifeboat was operated by the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) from its stations around the coasts of the United Kingdom between 1982 and 2002, at which time it was the fastest all-weather lifeboat in its fleet. Eleven were put into service and when replaced by larger boats, seven were sold for further use as lifeboats, mainly in South Africa.

The class took its name from the River Brede which joins the River Rother to flow into the English Channel at Rye, Sussex.

Lifeboat (rescue)
A rescue lifeboat is a boat rescue craft which is used to attend a vessel in distress, or its survivors, to rescue crew and passengers. It can be hand pulled, sail powered or powered by an engine. Lifeboats may be rigid, inflatable or rigid-inflatable combination-hulled vessels.
The Pushkar Lodge
The Pushkar Lodge is a 2019 Indian Hindi-language crime thriller film, that deals with the problem of drugs and child-trafficking in India, directed by Vijay Suthar and produced by Inder Kumar Suthar. The film stars Preeti Jhangiani with Pradeep Kabra, Gulshan Pandey and Rituraj Mohanty in supporting roles. Disco king Bappi Lahiri lauds the Trailer of film and it received positive reviews. The film released on 15 March 2019.

Taawdo the Sunlight
Taawdo the Sunlight is an Indian Rajasthani film released on 31 March 2017. The film features Preeti Jhangiani, Pradeep Kabra, Omkar Das Manikpuri and Sachin Choudhary and was written and directed by Vijay Suthar.

The film was screened at Rajasthan International Film Festival in January 2017 and received three awards including Best Actress for Preeti Jhangiani and Best Music for Lalit Pandit. It was also screened at Masala Chawk in association with JDA and RIFF Club on 15 July 2018.
The Most Beautifullest Hits
The Most Beautifullest Hits is a greatest hits album by American rapper Keith Murray. It was released on August 10, 1999, through Jive Records, and consists of 14 previously released songs. Production was handled by Erick Sermon, who produced the majority of the songs, Redman, The Ummah and Trackmasters. It features contributions from Def Squad, LL Cool J, 50 Grand, Fat Joe, Foxy Brown, Jeffrey Stewart, Prodigy and Too $hort.

The Ummah
The Ummah was a music production collective, composed of members Q-Tip and Ali Shaheed Muhammad of A Tribe Called Quest, and the late Jay Dee (also known as J Dilla) of the Detroit-based group Slum Village. Occasional members included Raphael Saadiq, and D'Angelo. In addition to producing nearly the entirety of A Tribe Called Quest's fourth and fifth albums, the Ummah provided backing tracks and remixes for a notable array of hip hop and contemporary R&B artists, including Busta Rhymes, Whitney Houston, Keith Murray, the Brand New Heavies, Michael Jackson, Janet Jackson, and Jon B. The group was so named because two of its members (Tip and Ali) are devout Muslims. The word "ummah" is Arabic for "community", "nation", or "brotherhood". Generally, the term refers to the global Muslim population.
Butterfly theorem
The butterfly theorem is a classical result in Euclidean geometry, which can be stated as follows:: p. 78

Let M be the midpoint of a chord PQ of a circle, through which two other chords AB and CD are drawn; AD and BC intersect chord PQ at X and Y correspondingly. Then M is the midpoint of XY.

Circle
A circle is a shape consisting of all points in a plane that are at a given distance from a given point, the centre. The distance between any point of the circle and the centre is called the radius. The length of a line segment connecting two points on the circle and passing through the centre is called the diameter. A circle bounds a region of the plane called a disc.

The circle has been known since before the beginning of recorded history. Natural circles are common, such as the full moon or a slice of round fruit. The circle is the basis for the wheel, which, with related inventions such as gears, makes much of modern machinery possible. In mathematics, the study of the circle has helped inspire the development of geometry, astronomy and calculus.
Franz Rautek
Franz Rautek (1902–1989) was a martial arts teacher in Vienna, Austria. He is best known as the inventor of the rescue maneuver named after him. This maneuver allows unconscious people to be moved from areas of danger with limited effort on part of the rescuer, even if they are much smaller than the victim.

Unconsciousness
Unconsciousness is a state in which a living individual exhibits a complete, or near-complete, inability to maintain an awareness of self and environment or to respond to any human or environmental stimulus. Unconsciousness may occur as the result of traumatic brain injury, brain hypoxia (inadequate oxygen, possibly due to a brain infarction or cardiac arrest), severe intoxication with drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system (e.g., alcohol and other hypnotic or sedative drugs), severe fatigue, pain, anaesthesia, and other causes.

Loss of consciousness should not be confused with the notion of the psychoanalytic unconscious, cognitive processes that take place outside awareness (e.g., implicit cognition), and with altered states of consciousness such as sleep, delirium, hypnosis, and other altered states in which the person responds to stimuli, including trance and psychedelic experiences.
Indians in Argentina
Indian Argentines (Spanish: Argentinos Indios), also known as Indo-Argentines (Spanish: Indo-argentinos), are Argentines who have predominantly or total Indian ancestry. There is a small community of Indians in Argentina who are mainly immigrants from India and the neighboring countries in South America and the Caribbean with Indo-Caribbean influence (i.e. Guyana, Trinidad and Tobago and Suriname) and some of whom were born in Argentina and are of Indian heritage, related to the Indo-Aryan and Dravidian peoples, so the term can also include descendants of Pakistanis, Nepalis, Bengalis and Sinhalese.

Indo-Aryan peoples
Indo-Aryan peoples (also known as Indic peoples in the context of Indo-European studies) are a diverse collection of peoples predominantly found in South Asia, who (traditionally) speak Indo-Aryan languages. Historically, Aryans were the pastoralists who spoke Indo-Iranian languages, migrated from Central Asia into South Asia, and introduced the Proto-Indo-Aryan language. The early Indo-Aryan peoples were known to be closely related to the Iranian group that have resided west of the Indus River on the Iranian Plateau; an evident connection in cultural, linguistic, and historical ties. Today, the majority of Indo-Aryan speakers are found south of Hindu Kush and east of the Indus, across the modern-day regions of Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Maldives and northern half of India as well as parts of Afghanistan (Kunar).
Real-Time UML
Real-Time UML (RTUML) refers to the application of the Unified Modelling Language (UML) for the analysis, design, and implementation of real-time and embedded systems, where timing constraints, concurrency, and resource management are critical. It extends standard UML with profiles, notations, and semantics to handle hard and soft real-time requirements, such as modelling predictable response times and fault tolerance. RTUML is not a separate language but a methodology leveraging UML diagrams (e.g., statecharts, sequence diagrams) for time-sensitive applications like automotive controls, avionics, and medical devices.

The term is closely associated with Bruce Powel Douglass, who popularised it through his books and the Harmony process for embedded software development. As of 2025, RTUML remains relevant in industries requiring certified systems, though its adoption varies with agile methodologies and model-driven engineering tools.

Semantics (programming languages)
In programming language theory, semantics is the rigorous mathematical logic study of the meaning of programming languages. Semantics assigns computational meaning to valid strings in a programming language syntax. It is closely related to, and often crosses over with, the semantics of mathematical proofs.

Semantics describes the processes a computer follows when executing a program in that specific language. This can be done by describing the relationship between the input and output of a program, or giving an explanation of how the program will be executed on a certain platform, thereby creating a model of computation.
Kausar Parveen
Kauser Parveen (1933 - 30 December 1967) was a Pakistani playback singer during the 1950s and 1960s. She is known for vocalizing popular songs like, "O Maina Na Jane Kya Hogaya Kahan Dil Khogaya", "Pal Pal Jhoomun Jhoom Ke Gaun", and the film lullaby, "Raaj Dularey, Meri Ankhiyon Ke Taray".

She was the younger sister of actress Asha Posley.

Gumnaam (1954 film)
Gumnaam (lit. 'Anonymous'), sometimes spelled Gumnam, is a 1954 Pakistani Urdu language crime blockbuster film directed and screenplay by Anwar Kamal Pasha, produced by Agha G. A. Gul and written by Hakim Ahmad Shuja.

Music composed by Inayat Hussain, it stars Sabiha Khanum, Sudhir, Himalyawala, Seema and Ragni in the lead. In 2018, Lok Virsa Museum displayed the film as part of special showcase of the feature films in the country. The film is primarily known for its music and lyrics, and is recognized as one of the music blockbuster films of the Pakistani cinema of the 1950s.

It talks about sexual desire and crime, involving a village girl and a boy who is intentionally trapped by a club owner in a case, leading his fiancée to wait for months to reply to the love letters she sends the boy.
Ad-Dukhan
Ad-Dukhan  (Arabic: الدخان, ad-dukhān; meaning: Smoke) is the 44th chapter (surah) of the Quran with 59 verses (ayat). The word dukhan, meaning 'smoke', is mentioned in verse 10.

حم ۝    The first verse is one of Quran's Muqatta'at, the letter combinations that appear in the beginning of some chapters.

Verse 37 mentions the people of Tubba, interpreters explain that this refers to the people of Sheba.

Regarding the timing and contextual background of the  believed revelation  (asbāb al-nuzūl), it is an earlier "Meccan surah", which means it is believed to have been revealed in Mecca, rather than later in Medina.

Waḥy
Waḥy (also waḥi, Arabic: وَحْي, IPA: [wæħj]; pl.: وُحِي wuḥī, IPA: [ˈwʊħiː]) is the Arabic word for revelation. In Islamic belief, revelations are God's word delivered by his chosen individuals – known as messenger prophets – to mankind.
Kang Hae-won
Kang Hae-won (Korean: 강해원; born 19 March 1986) is a South Korean badminton player who affiliated with the Samsung Electro-Mechanics team since 2009. She won the bronze medal at the 2004 Asian Junior Championships in the mixed doubles event partnered with Lee Yong-dae, also claimed the silver medal in the girls' team event. Born in Jeju, Kang educated at the Incheon National University, won the 2008 National University Championships in the women's singles and doubles event. At the 55th National Summer Championships in 2012, she claimed triple titles by winning the women's singles, doubles, and team event. Kang was part of the national women's team that won the bronze medal at the 2009 East Asian Games in Hong Kong.

Badminton at the 2009 East Asian Games
Badminton at the 2009 East Asian Games was held at Hong Kong in the month of December. Competitions for five individual disciplines as well as for Men's and Women's team competitions was conducted. China stood first in the tally by winning three out of seven gold medals while Chinese Taipei, South Korea, Macau and Hong Kong won one gold medals respectively.