hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Costabili collection
The Costabili collection or Costabili Gallery was a large art collection in Ferrara in the 19th century, mainly consisting of Ferrarese art. Works from the collection were purchased by mid and late 19th-century art collectors like Giovanni Morelli, Austen Henry Layard and Charles Eastlake, eventually ending in many of the major collections of art around the world. A significant group of paintings ended up in the National Gallery in London.

Charles Eastlake
Charles Locke Eastlake (11 March 1836 – 20 November 1906) was a British architect and furniture designer.

His uncle, Sir Charles Lock Eastlake PRA (born in 1793), was a Keeper of the National Gallery, from 1843 to 1847, and from 1855 its first director, which results in some confusion between the two men, whose names are distinguished only by the presence or absence of an "e" in their middle names.

The style of furniture named after him, Eastlake style, flourished during the later half of the nineteenth century.  The Eastlake movement, a style of architecture, with old English and Gothic elements, is also named for him.
Bergamaschi
Bergamaschi is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Arianna Bergamaschi (born 1975), Italian singer, songwriter, stage actress and television presenter

Emiliano Bergamaschi (born 1976), Argentine rugby union coach and former player

Franco Bergamaschi (born 1951), Italian footballer

Mario Bergamaschi (1929–2020), Italian footballer

Roberto Bergamaschi (born 1960), Italian footballer

Roberto Bergamaschi, Professor and colorectal surgery specialist

Valentina Bergamaschi (born 1997), Italian footballer

Vasco Bergamaschi (1909–1979), Italian cyclist

Valentina Bergamaschi
Valentina Bergamaschi (Italian: [valenˈtiːna berɡaˈmaski]; born 22 January 1997) is an Italian professional footballer who plays for Serie A club AS Roma and the Italy women's national team. She mainly plays as a right-sided midfielder but can also play as a winger or a right-back.

She started her career in Switzerland, playing for Rapid Lugano, FF Lugano 1976 and FC Neunkirch, before returning to Italy to play for ACF Brescia Femminile. With Neunkirch she won the Nationalliga A championship and the Swiss Women's Cup, both in the 2016–2017 season.

A member of the senior Italy women's national football team since 2016, Bergamaschi also has third place medals from the 2014 UEFA Women's Under-17 Championship and the 2014 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup.
Predrag Jeremić
Predrag Jeremić (Serbian Cyrillic: Предраг Јеремић; born 22 November 1987 in Šabac) is a Serbian football midfielder who plays for MB in the Faroe Islands. He is a midfielder, but sometimes he plays as right-back.

Šabac
Šabac (Serbian Cyrillic: Шабац, pronounced [ʃâbat͡s]) is a city and the administrative centre of the Mačva District in western Serbia. The traditional centre of the fertile Mačva region, Šabac is located on the right banks of the river Sava. According to the 2011 census, the city proper has population of 51,163, while its administrative area comprises 105,432 inhabitants.
Cimitero Flaminio
The Cimitero Flaminio (also known as Cimitero di Prima Porta or Cimitero di Montebello) is a cemetery in Rome (Italy), outside the Grande Raccordo Anulare to the north, between the Via Flaminia and the Via Tiberina.

Via Tiberina
The via Tiberina was an ancient Roman road, which from the north of Rome, going up the right bank of the Tiber river, crossed the ancient center of Veio, Capena and Falerii Veteres countryside to Tiber Valley and continued towards Ocriculum, today in Umbria. Today, in the metropolitan city of Rome Capital, its route coincides with the provincial road 15 / A Tiberina.
Stigmella populetorum
Stigmella populetorum is a moth of the family Nepticulidae. It is found in North America in Texas, Ohio, Kentucky, California, Ontario and British Columbia.

The wingspan is about 5 mm. Late instar larvae have been found in mid-June and August. Adults have been found from late June through to September. There are two and possibly three generation per year.

The larvae feed on Populus species, including Populus deltoides, Populus trichocarpa, Populus nigra italica and Populus x canadensis. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

Populus
Populus is a genus of 25–30 species of deciduous flowering plants in the family Salicaceae, native to most of the Northern Hemisphere. English names variously applied to different species include poplar (/ˈpɒplər/ ⓘ), aspen, and cottonwood.

The western balsam poplar (P. trichocarpa) was the first tree to have its full DNA code determined by DNA sequencing, in 2006.
Bovina Center Historic District
Bovina Center Historic District is a national historic district located at Bovina Center in Delaware County, New York. The district contains 133 contributing buildings and one contributing structure.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.

Delaware County, New York
Delaware County is a county located in the US state of New York. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 44,308.  The county seat is Delhi. The county is named after the Delaware River, which was named in honor of Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr, appointed governor of Virginia in 1609. The county is part of the Southern Tier region of the state.
Namerō
Namerō (Japanese: なめろう, derived from 舐める nameru, "to lick") is a type of tataki, a manner of preparing fish or meat finely minced and mixed with some spices and seasonings, not unlike a tartare.

This recipe has been passed down among Bōsō Peninsula fishermen.

Steak tartare
Steak tartare, or tartar steak, is a French dish of raw ground (minced) beef. It is usually served with onions, capers, parsley or chive, salt, pepper, Worcestershire sauce and other seasonings, often presented separately, to be added to taste. It is commonly served topped with a raw egg yolk. It is similar to Piedmontese battuta al coltello, as well as Levantine kibbeh nayyeh, Ethiopian kitfo, Turkish çiğ köfte, German Mett and Korean yukhoe.

The name tartare is sometimes generalized to other raw meat or fish dishes. In France, a less-common variant called tartare aller-retour is a mound of mostly raw ground meat lightly seared on both sides.
Calvana
The Calvana is an Italian breed of cattle from Tuscany, in central Italy. It is particularly associated with the Calvana region in the provinces of Florence and Prato, but is also raised in the provinces of Pistoia and Siena.

Province of Prato
The province of Prato (Italian: provincia di Prato) is one of the 80 ordinary provinces in Italy. Situated in the region of Tuscany, its capital and largest city is Prato. It was carved out as a separate province from the province of Florence in 1992.

Spread over an area of 365.72 km2 (141.21 sq mi), it is the smallest province by land area in Tuscany. It is bordered by Pistoia province, and the metropolitan cities of Bologna and Florence. The province is home to about 0.26 million people. There are seven comuni (municipalities) in the province.
Listed buildings in Wymondham
Wymondham is a town and civil parish in the South Norfolk district of Norfolk, England. It contains 182 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England. Of these four are grade I, six are grade II* and 172 are grade II.

This list is based on the information retrieved online from Historic England.

South Norfolk
South Norfolk is a local government district in Norfolk, England. The largest town is Wymondham, and the district also includes the towns of Costessey, Diss, Harleston, Hingham, Loddon and Long Stratton. The council was based in Long Stratton until 2023 when it moved to the Broadland Business Park near Norwich, in the neighbouring Broadland district, as part of a shared facility with Broadland District Council. Some of the district's urban areas (including Costessey) form part of the Norwich built-up area. The district also includes numerous villages and surrounding rural areas. Some eastern parts of the district lie within The Broads.

The neighbouring districts are Breckland, Broadland, Norwich, Great Yarmouth, East Suffolk and Mid Suffolk.
Bingham-Brewer House
The Bingham-Brewer House is a historic home located at Rockville, Montgomery County, Maryland, United States. It is a two-story, Federal-style brick house, with a Flemish bind front facade, dating to 1821. Also on the property is a late-19th century smokehouse, privy, and a late-19th or early-20th century chicken house.

The Bingham-Brewer House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

Smokehouse
A smokehouse (North American) or smokery (British) is a building where meat or fish is cured with smoke. The finished product might be stored in the building, sometimes for a year or more. Even when smoke is not used, such a building—typically a subsidiary building—is sometimes referred to as a "smokehouse".  When smoke is not used, the term meathouse or meat house is common.
Mitchell Map
The Mitchell Map is a map made by John Mitchell (1711–1768), which was reprinted several times during the second half of the 18th century. The map, formally titled A map of the British and French dominions in North America &c., was used as a primary map source during negotiations for the 1783  Treaty of Paris for defining the boundaries of the newly independent United States. The map remained important for resolving border disputes between the United States and Canada as recently as the 1980s dispute over the Gulf of Maine fisheries. The Mitchell Map is the most comprehensive map of eastern North America made during the colonial era. Its size is about 6.5 feet (2.0 m) wide by 4.5 feet (1.4 m) high.

Map
A map is a symbolic depiction of interrelationships, commonly spatial, between things within a space. A map may be annotated with text and graphics. Like any graphic, a map may be fixed to paper or other durable media, or may be displayed on a transitory medium such as a computer screen. Some maps change interactively. Although maps are commonly used to depict geographic elements, they may represent any space, real or fictional. The subject being mapped may be two-dimensional such as Earth's surface, three-dimensional such as Earth's interior, or from an abstract space of any dimension.

Maps of geographic territory have a very long tradition and have existed from ancient times. The word "map" comes from the medieval Latin: Mappa mundi, wherein mappa meant 'napkin' or 'cloth' and mundi 'of the world'. Thus, "map" became a shortened term referring to a flat representation of Earth's surface.
Taking Up Space
Taking Up Space: The Black Girl's Manifesto for Change is a 2019 book by Cambridge University graduates Chelsea Kwakye, who is British-Ghanaian, and Ore Ogunbiyi, who is Nigerian-British.

It discusses the lack of diversity in higher education, and addresses topics such as decolonising the curriculum, access, mental health, relationships and activism. The book includes interviews with students from UK universities about their experiences. Kwakye holds a degree in history and Ogunbiyi in human, social and political sciences. Taking Up Space was the first independent book to be published by #Merky Books, an imprint with the publishing house Penguin Random House in collaboration with grime artist Stormzy, who has a scholarship programme that funds black British students to go to Cambridge University.

In 2020, Sid Gentle Films acquired the television rights to the book.

British Nigerians
British Nigerians (here meaning British people of Nigerian descent rather than Nigerians of British descent) have formed long-established communities in London, Liverpool and other industrial cities. Many Nigerians and their British-born descendants in Britain live in South London, and they are one of the larger immigrant groups in the country.
Rugosospora
Rugosospora is a genus of fungi in the family Agaricaceae. The genus contains two species: R. ochraceobadia, found in Africa, and R. pseudorubiginosa, found in Colombia and Mexico. These species have fruit bodies (mushrooms) with free gills, a white spore print, and a ring on the stipe. Rugosospora was circumscribed by Belgian mycologist Paul Heinemann in 1973.

Paul Heinemann
Paul Heinemann (February 16, 1916 – June 18, 1996) was a Belgian botanist and mycologist. Heinemann specialized in African mycology. In his long career, he published 435 names, including 2 families, 6 genera, 346 species, and 40 varieties. His collections of dried specimens, numbering about 7000, are preserved in the herbaria of the University Faculty of Agricultural Sciences in Gembloux  and of the National Botanic Garden of Belgium, in Meise. The fungal genus Heinemannomyces was named in his honor, as were the species Agaricus heinemannianus, Marasmius heinemannianus, and Peyritschiella heinemanniana.
Resurrection (H.O.T. album)
Resurrection is the third Korean studio album by South Korean boy group H.O.T., released on September 25, 1998, through SM Entertainment. The album produced two singles that were promoted with music videos and live performances on music programs in South Korea: "Line Up!" and "Hope".

The album was commercially successful, selling over 1.1 million copies by 1999. "Line Up!" won the International Viewer's Choice Award for MTV Korea at the 1999 MTV Video Music Awards and "Hope" won the Grand Prize (Daesang) at the KBS Music Awards.

SM Entertainment
SM Entertainment Co., Ltd. (Korean: SM엔터테인먼트) is a South Korean multinational entertainment agency established in 1995 by Lee Soo-man. It is one of South Korea's largest entertainment companies and has been responsible for fostering and popularizing the careers of many K-pop stars garnering huge global fanbases. The company operates as a record label, talent agency, music production company, event management and concert production company, and music publishing house. SM Entertainment is known for having led the worldwide K-pop phenomenon and the musical side of "Hallyu", also known as the "Korean Wave", with early overseas successes such as H.O.T., S.E.S., and BoA.

The label currently represents K-pop artists such as Kangta, TVXQ, Super Junior, Girls' Generation, Shinee, Exo, Red Velvet, NCT, Aespa, Riize, Naevis, and Hearts2Hearts.
HPS Investment Partners
HPS Investment Partners, LLC (HPS) is an American investment firm headquartered in New York City. The firm focuses on investments in private credit, public credit, private equity and real assets. In 2025, HPS was ranked by Private Debt Investor as the second largest private debt investment company based on total fundraising over the most recent five-year period. In 2025, HPS became a subsidiary of BlackRock.

Real assets
Real assets is an investment asset class that covers investments in physical assets such as real estate, energy, and infrastructure. Real assets have an inherent physical worth. Real assets differ from financial assets in that financial assets get their value from a contractual right and are typically intangible.

Real assets are categorized into three categories:

Real Estate: REITs, commercial real estate, and residential

Natural Resources: Energy, Oil & gas, MLPs, timber, agriculture, solar, mining, and commodities

Infrastructure: Transportation (roads, airports, railroads), utilities, telecommunications infrastructure

Real assets are appealing to investors for four reasons: high current income, inflation protection / equity appreciation, low correlation to equity markets, and favorable tax treatment.
Menno Aden
Menno Aden (born 18 November 1942 in Berchtesgaden) is a German lawyer, former politician (Alternative for Germany, formerly Christian Democratic Union of Germany) and translator. He is the founder of the Neue Rechte (New Right) and has written speeches and pamphlets with historical revisionism content.

Neue Rechte
Neue Rechte (English: New Right) is the designation for a right-wing political movement in Germany. It was founded as an opposition to the New Left generation of the 1960s. Its intellectually oriented proponents distance themselves from Old Right Nazi traditions and emphasize similarities between the far-right and the conservative spectrum.

A common denominator of the Neue Rechte is a skeptical or negative stance towards the basic tenets of the German constitution, often in the sense of an ethnic (völkisch) nationalism.
John Tanner (ice hockey)
John P. Tanner (born March 17, 1971) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey goaltender who played 21 games in the National Hockey League with the Quebec Nordiques from 1989 to 1992. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1990 to 1997, was spent in the minor leagues.

Quebec Nordiques
The Quebec Nordiques (French: Nordiques de Québec, pronounced [nɔʁdzɪk] in Quebec French, /nɔːrˈdiːks/ nor-DEEKS in Canadian English; translated "Northmen" or "Northerners") were a professional ice hockey team based in Quebec City. The Nordiques played in the World Hockey Association (1972–1979) and the National Hockey League (1979–1995). The franchise was relocated to Denver in May 1995 and renamed the Colorado Avalanche. They played their home games at the Colisée de Québec from 1972 to 1995.

The Nordiques were the only major professional sports team based in Quebec City in the modern era, and one of two ever; the other, the Quebec Bulldogs, played in the National Hockey Association (NHA) from 1910 to 1917 and one season in the NHL in 1919–20.
Peter Herlihy
Peter Herlihy, University of Kansas geographer, the Associate Director and Graduate Advisor, Latin American Studies, University of Kansas and field director of the controversial U.S. DOD funded México Indígena project known as the Bowman Expeditions, an initiative of the American Geographical Society to organize international teams of geographers to research potentially important place-based issues and restore the role of geographers as advisers to U.S. government foreign policy makers. The stated objective of the México Indígena project is to produce maps of the “digital human terrain,” of the region's indigenous peoples.

Goal
A goal or objective is an idea of the future or desired result that a person or a group of people envision, plan, and commit to achieve. People endeavour to reach goals within a finite time by setting deadlines.

A goal is roughly similar to a purpose or aim, the anticipated result which guides reaction, or an end, which is an object, either a physical object or an abstract object, that has intrinsic value.
Joe Horn
Joseph Horn (born January 16, 1972) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL). He was selected by the Kansas City Chiefs in the fifth round of the 1996 NFL draft, and also played for the New Orleans Saints, the Atlanta Falcons, and the Memphis Mad Dogs of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He played college football for the Itawamba Indians. After his playing career, he became an assistant coach at Northeast Mississippi Community College.

Itawamba Indians
The Itawamba Community College Indians are 11 teams representing Itawamba Community College in intercollegiate athletics, including men and women's basketball, soccer, and tennis. Men's sports include baseball, football, and golf. Women's sports include softball and volleyball. The Indians compete in the NJCAA Region 23 and are members of the Mississippi Association of Community Colleges Conference (MACCC).
Getopts
getopts is a built-in Unix shell command for parsing command-line arguments. It is designed to process command line arguments that follow the POSIX Utility Syntax Guidelines, based on the C interface of getopt.

The predecessor to getopts was the external program getopt by Unix System Laboratories.

Z shell
The Z shell (Zsh) is a shell and a command-line interpreter for shell scripts. Zsh mostly maintains the Bourne shell's syntax and behavior, but makes several changes breaking from the POSIX standard (such as eliminating word-splitting) and substantially more features.

Zsh was created by Paul Falstad in 1990 while he was a student at Princeton University. It combines features from both ksh and tcsh, offering functionality such as programmable command-line completion, extended file globbing, improved variable/array handling, and themeable prompts.

Zsh is available for Microsoft Windows as part of the UnxUtils collection and has been adopted as the default interactive shell for macOS, Deepin, and Kali Linux. The "Oh My Zsh" user community website provides a platform for third-party plug-ins and themes, featuring a large and active contributor base.
Elfar Freyr Helgason
Elfar Freyr Helgason (born 27 July 1989) is an Icelandic professional footballer who plays for Valur in the Icelandic Premier League as a central defender. Having spent most of his career playing for Breiðablik, he has also had stints abroad for AEK Athens, Stabæk, Randers FC and AC Horsens. Helgason has gained one cap for Iceland and has also represented his country at junior level.

Icelandic Men's Football League Cup
The Icelandic Men's Football League Cup (Icelandic: Deildarbikar karla), also known as the Lengjubikar karla for sponsorship reasons, is a pre-season professional football competition in Iceland. It is considered the third most important competition in Icelandic football.

The pre-season tournament involves the top 22 clubs in Iceland from the previous season and the two clubs promoted from 2. deild, for a total of the 24 teams that will comprise the top two divisions in Iceland the following season. It generally takes place between February and May. The number of teams in the 2008 edition rose from 16 to 24.
Battle of Ozawahara
The Battle of Ozawahara (Japanese: 小沢原の戦い) was fought in 1530 in the present day Asao, Kawasaki, Kanagawa. 
This was the first battle for Hōjō Ujiyasu, then sixteen years old.

Ujiyasu faced Uesugi Tomooki at Ozawahara in Musashi Province. The battle was part of a seventeen-year struggle between the Hōjō clan and the Uesugi clan for control of the Kantō region which began with the 1524 Siege of Edo. The battle ended with a Hōjō victory.

Later Hōjō clan
The Later Hōjō clan (Japanese: 後北条氏, Hepburn: Go-Hōjō-shi) was one of the most powerful samurai families in Japan in the Sengoku period and held domains primarily in the Kantō region. Their last name was simply Hōjō (北条), but were called "Later Hōjō" to differentiate between the earlier Hōjō clan who had the same name and mon, even though it was not their official family name.
Jenness
Jenness is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Benning W. Jenness (1806–1879), United States senator from New Hampshire

Diamond Jenness (1886–1969), New Zealand-born Canadian anthropologist and explorer

James M. Jenness (born 1946), American businessman

John H. Jenness (1862–1915), American politician and physician

Linda Jenness (born 1941), American politician

Mia Sinclair Jenness (born 2005), American theater actress

Morgan Jenness, American freelance dramaturg

Stephen Jenness (born 1990), American field hockey player

Theodora R. Jenness (1847–1935), American author, editor, missionary

Valerie Jenness (born 1963), American academic

Benning W. Jenness
Benning Wentworth Jenness (July 14, 1806 – November 16, 1879) was a United States senator from New Hampshire.

Born in Deerfield, he attended Bradford Academy, Massachusetts and engaged in mercantile pursuits in Strafford, New Hampshire from 1826 to 1856. He held several local offices and was a member of the New Hampshire House of Representatives. From 1841 to 1845 he was judge of probate of Strafford County, and was appointed to the U.S. Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Levi Woodbury. Jenness served from December 1, 1845, to June 13, 1846, and was an unsuccessful Democratic candidate for election in 1846 to the Thirtieth Congress. He was a member of the state constitutional convention in 1850 and was nominated for Governor of New Hampshire in 1861 but withdrew. He moved to Ohio and engaged in lumbering and banking. Bennett W. Jenness died in Cleveland; interment was in the family cemetery, Strafford, New Hampshire.