hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Arthur D. Graeff
Arthur Dundore Graeff (September 23, 1899 — March 28, 1969) was an American local historian and author in the Pennsylvania German language. Born in Adamstown, Pennsylvania, he was an alumnus of Franklin & Marshall College in Lancaster. Between 1938 and 1969, Graeff wrote the "Scholla" column three times a week in the Reading Times. Following a long career teaching at Overbrook Senior High School in Philadelphia, he taught at Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, Alvernia College, and in informal Pennsylvania German weekend and night-school classes. Graeff used the dialect pseudonyms Der Dichter vun de Dolpehock and Der Ewich Yeeger. He was president of the Pennsylvania German Society from 1966 to 1969.

Graeff died in Robesonia, Pennsylvania and is buried in Wernersville at St. John's Hains Cemetery.

Lancaster, Pennsylvania
Lancaster is a city in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, United States, and its county seat. With a population of 58,039 at the 2020 census, it is the eighth-most populous city in the state. It is a core city within South Central Pennsylvania, with 552,984 residents in the Lancaster metropolitan area.

Settled in the 1720s, Lancaster is one of the oldest inland cities in the US. It served as the capital of Pennsylvania from 1799 to 1812. The city's primary industries include healthcare, tourism, public administration, manufacturing, and both professional and semi-professional services. Lancaster is located 59 miles (95 km) southwest of Allentown and 61 miles (98 km) west of Philadelphia and is a hub of Pennsylvania Dutch Country.
Canthigaster aziz
Canthigaster aziz, known as Aziz's toby is a species of pufferfish in the family Tetraodontidae. It was described in 2020 by Keiichi Matsuura, Sergey V. Bogorodsky, Ahmad O. Mal, and Tilman J. Alpermann based on a single specimen collected from the northern Red Sea off of Saudi Arabia. It was trawled from a depth of 315 m (1033 ft), which is reportedly the second highest depth at which any fish of the genus Canthigaster has been collected. The only known specimen measures 2 cm (0.8 inches) SL. The species was named after the King Abdulaziz University. It is thought to have been collected over a hard substrate as the trawling gear used to collect it was severely damaged during operation.

Evolutionarily, C. aziz belongs to a unique and newly discovered lineage of Canthigaster, being phylogenetically distinct from all of its congeners.

King Abdulaziz University
King Abdulaziz University (KAU) (Arabic: جامعة الملك عبد العزيز) is a public research university in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Established in 1967 as a private university by a group of businessmen led by Muhammad Bakhashab and including author Hamza Bogary, it was named after the country's first monarch, King Abdulalziz ibn Saud. It was converted into a public university by King Faisal in 1974.

With over 117,096 students in 2022, it is the largest university in the country. Located in south Jeddah, the university is the center of teaching and research of the city, comprising 24 faculties, 15 of these are located on the campus and 9 are off-campus. The university also offers some courses that are unavailable at any other universities in Saudi Arabia, such as marine science, meteorology, and astronomy.
1999 NAIA World Series
The 1999 NAIA World Series was the 43rd annual tournament hosted by the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics to determine the national champion of baseball among its member colleges and universities in the United States and Canada.

The tournament was played, for the one and only time, at Roger Dean Stadium in Jupiter, Florida.

Lewis–Clark State (57–14) defeated defending champions Albertson (50–19) in the second game of a two-game championship series, 7–2, to win the Warriors' tenth NAIA World Series and first since 1996.

Lewis–Clark State outfielder, and future major leaguer, Jason Ellison was named tournament MVP.

Jupiter, Florida
Jupiter is the northernmost town in Palm Beach County, Florida, United States. According to the 2020 US Census, the town had a population of 61,047. It is 84 miles north of Miami and 15 miles north of West Palm Beach. Along with the adjacent Village of Tequesta, Jupiter is considered the northernmost municipality in the Miami metropolitan area. It was named the 9th Best Southern Beach Town to live in by Stacker Newsletter for 2022 and as the 9th Happiest Seaside Town in the United States by Coastal Living in 2012.
James Snyder (actor)
James Randall Snyder (born February 7, 1981) is an American actor and singer. He graduated from Christian Brothers High School in Sacramento, California and received his Bachelor of Fine Arts from the USC School of Dramatic Arts in Los Angeles, where he was a member of the SoCal VoCals, USC's premiere a cappella group.

USC School of Dramatic Arts
The USC School of Dramatic Arts (commonly referred to as SDA)—formerly the USC School of Theatre, is a private drama school at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles, California. It is ranked one of the top 10 dramatic arts schools in the world, according to The Hollywood Reporter's Top 25 Drama Schools. The school offers Bachelor of Arts degrees in theatre and visual & performing arts; Bachelor of Fine Arts degrees in acting, design, sound design, stage management and technical direction; and Master of Fine Arts degrees in acting and dramatic writing.
Atterbury
Atterbury is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Francis Atterbury (1663–1732), English politician and bishop

Grosvenor Atterbury (1869–1956), American architect

John Atterbury, actor

Luffman Atterbury, musician

Malcolm Atterbury, stage and vaudeville actor who was born in Philadelphia

Paul Atterbury, antiques expert and television personality

Septimus Atterbury, early English footballer

William Wallace Atterbury (1866–1935), Brigadier General during World War I

Paul Atterbury
Paul Rowley Atterbury FRSA (born 8 April 1945) is a British antiques expert, known for his many appearances since 1979 on the BBC TV programme Antiques Roadshow. He specialises in the art, architecture, design and decorative arts of the 19th and 20th centuries.
Giles Scott
Giles Lyndon Scott (born 23 June 1987) is a British competitive sailor and four-time Finn Gold Cup winner and two-time Olympic gold medallist who won the gold medal for Team GB in the Finn Class at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro where having dominated the class, Scott secured his place in the history books winning the gold medal with a day to spare. In January 2024, Scott took over the Driver role of the Emirates Great Britain SailGP Team from Sir Ben Ainslie. He secured his first SailGP event win in Halifax, Canada, in June 2024 winning the inaugural Rockwool Canada Sail Grand Prix. Scott was Head of Sailing for Ainslie's British America's Cup Team, INEOS Britannia competing in the 37th America's Cup in Barcelona.  In September 2024, Scott was announced as Driver for Canada's NorthStar SailGP Team, taking over from Phil Robertson who was at the helm for SailGP seasons 3 and 4.

Finn (dinghy)
The Finn dinghy is a single-handed, cat-rigged sailboat, and a former Olympic class for men's sailing.  Since its debut at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki, the Finn featured in every summer Olympics until 2020, making it the longest serving dinghy in the Olympic Regatta and one of the most prolific Olympic sailboats,. The Finn is a physically demanding boat to race at the highest levels, especially since the class rules now allow unlimited boat rocking and sail pumping when the wind is above 10 knots. The event did not feature on the Olympic programme from 2024.
Blue Earth Reservation
The Blue Earth Reservation for the Ho-Chunk nation existed from 1855 to 1863. It was originally created through a treaty ratified on March 23, 1855, which dissolved the previous Ho-Chunk "Long Prairie" reservation in the Minnesota Territory and created a new 18-square-mile (47 km2) reservation along the Blue Earth River, three miles south of present-day Mankato, Minnesota. Following the Dakota War of 1862, this reservation was eliminated by the U.S. and the Ho-Chunk people were forcibly removed to a new reservation at Crow Creek, South Dakota. Later, the U.S. moved the Ho-Chunk again to their current reservation in Nebraska. There are two federally recognized Ho-Chunk tribes, the Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska and the Ho-Chunk Nation of Wisconsin.

Blue Earth River
The Blue Earth River (Dakota: Makhátho Wakpá) is a tributary of the Minnesota River, 108 miles (174 km) long, in southern Minnesota in the United States. Two of its headwaters tributaries, the Middle Branch Blue Earth River and the West Branch Blue Earth River, also flow for short distances in northern Iowa. By volume, it is the Minnesota River's largest tributary, accounting for 46% of the Minnesota's flow at the rivers' confluence in Mankato.  Via the Minnesota River, the Blue Earth River is part of the watershed of the Mississippi River, draining an area of 3,486 square miles (9,030 km2) in an agricultural region. Ninety percent of the river's watershed is in Minnesota. It is a Minnesota Department of Natural Resources designated Water Trail.
Phra Nang Klao Bridge
Phra Nang Klao Bridge (Thai: สะพานพระนั่งเกล้า, RTGS: Saphan Phra Nangklao, pronounced [sā.pʰāːn pʰráʔ nâŋ.klâːw]) is a 4-lane bridge over Chao Phraya River in the area of Mueang Nonthaburi District, Nonthaburi Province.

In addition to crossing Chao Phraya River, the bridge also connects the area between Sai Ma and Bang Kraso with Suan Yai Subdistricts together along Rattanathibet Road (Highway 302). At present, there is a 6-lane parallel bridge straddling over the bridge.

Phra Nang Klao Bridge started construction in 1983 and completed 1985 (along with Pathum Thani Bridge) by the Department of Rural Roads (DRR), with a total budget of 505.77 million baht.

The bridge was named in honours King Nangklao (Rama III), the third monarch of Chakri Dynasty, who has a mother (Queen Sri Sulalai) from Nonthaburi.

The entry ramp on the east side of the river contains the Phra Nang Klao Bridge MRT station (PP08) on MRT Purple Line.

Nonthaburi province
Nonthaburi is one of the central provinces (changwat) of Thailand, established by the Act Establishing Changwat Samut Prakan, Changwat Nonthaburi, Changwat Samut Sakhon and Changwat Nakhon Nayok, Buddhist Era 2489 (1946), which came into force on 9 May 1946 (Thursday).

Neighboring provinces are (from north clockwise) Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, Pathum Thani, Bangkok, and Nakhon Pathom. Nonthaburi is the most densely populated province after Bangkok. The Bang Kwang Central Prison is in the province.
Parula
Parula was formerly a small genus of New World warblers which breed in North and South America.

In 1758, Linnaeus classified the northern parula as a tit, Parus americanus, and as taxonomy developed the genus name was modified first to Parulus and then the current form. The family name, Parulidae, also derives from this source.

Most recently, the two species were:

Northern parula, Parula americana

Tropical parula, Parula pitiayumi

(Flame-throated and crescent-chested warblers were formerly classified in this genus.)

Tropical parula
The Tropical Parula (Setophaga pitiayumi) is a small New World warbler. It breeds from southernmost Texas and northwest Mexico (Sonora) south through Central America to northern Argentina, including Trinidad and Tobago. This widespread and common species is not considered threatened by the IUCN.

This passerine is not migratory, but northern birds may make local movements. For example, although it does not breed in much of Pacific Central America, it is a regular migrant to countries like El Salvador.
Ibn al-Sharif Dartarkhwan al-Adhili
ʽAlī ibn Muḥammad ibn al-Riḍā ibn Muḥammad al-Ḥusaynī al-Musāwī al-Ṭūsī, also known as Ibn al-Sharīf Dartarkhwān al-ʽĀdhilī (b. 589 AH/1193 CE in Ḥamāh, Syria; d. 655 AH/1257 CE), was a poet. He is noted as the author of the Alf jāriyah wa-jāriyah ('one thousand and one slave-women'), which survives in one manuscript of 255 folios, now in the Austrian National Library. The work seems to have been a sequel to the same author's Alf ghulām wa-ghulām ('one thousand and one male slaves'), now lost; Alf jāriyah wa-jāriyah comprises eight chapters of short poems in the epigrammatic form known as maqṭūʽ (pl. maqāṭīʽ).

Hama
Hama (Arabic: حَمَاة Ḥamāh, [ħaˈmaː]) is a city on the banks of the Orontes River in west-central Syria. It is located 213 kilometres (132 mi) north of Damascus and 46 km (29 mi) north of Homs. It is the provincial capital of the Hama Governorate, which is the only Governorate with no land borders with any foreign countries. With a population of 996,000 (2023 census), Hama is one of the four largest cities in Syria, with Damascus, Aleppo and Homs. Hama is known for its cheese-making tradition, notably reflected in a signature local dessert Halawet el Jibn.

The city is renowned for its seventeen norias used for watering the gardens, which are claimed to date back to 1100 BC. Though historically used for irrigation, the norias are used purely for show today and currently serve no direct purpose, being used as a tourist attraction and a symbol of the city, also this city is popular in protest during the assad regime (ex: Yalla Erhal Ya Bashar (song)
Boccia at the 2016 Summer Paralympics – Individual BC3
The  mixed individual BC3 boccia event at the 2016 Summer Paralympics was contested from 13 September to 16 September at Sambodromo in Rio de Janeiro. 24 competitors took part.

The event structure was amended from the 2012 event, with pool stages added. The top players from each of eight round robin pools of three entered into a quarter final single elimination stage, with the losing semifinalists playing off for bronze.

BC3
BC3 is a boccia classification. The class is open to people with several different types of disabilities, including cerebral palsy.  BC3 players have events open to them in boccia on the Paralympic Games program.
Chyornoye Ozero, Republic of Bashkortostan
Chyornoye Ozero (Russian: Чёрное Озеро; Bashkir: Ҡаракүл, Qarakül) is a rural locality (a village) in Yevbulyaksky Selsoviet, Askinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 36 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

Askinsky District
Askinsky District (Russian: А́скинский райо́н; Bashkir: Асҡын районы, Asqın rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the north of the republic. The area of the district is 2,542 square kilometers (981 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Askino. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 21,272, with the population of Askino accounting for 32.5% of that number.
Sorcer Striker
Sorcer Striker is a 1993 vertically scrolling shooter arcade video game developed by Raizing (now known as Eighting) and published in 1993 by Able Corporation in Japan and Europe. In the game, players assume the role from one of the four bounty hunters to overthrow the Goblin empire led by King Gobligan and reclaim the bounty placed by King Codwenna of Violent Kingdom over Gobligan's head. It is the first entry in the Mahō Daisakusen trilogy, which includes Kingdom Grand Prix and Dimahoo, and the first video game to be created by Raizing.

Sorcer Striker served as the debut project of Raizing, a development company founded by former Naxat Soft and Compile staff who previously worked on the Aleste series. Though first released in arcades, the game was later ported to other platforms, each one featuring various changes compared to the original version and has since been re-released for PlayStation 4 in Japan as part of the M2 ShotTriggers label by M2.

Vertically scrolling video game
A vertically scrolling video game or vertical scroller is a video game in which the player views the field of play principally from a top-down perspective, while the background scrolls from the top of the screen to the bottom (or, less often, from the bottom to the top) to create the illusion that the player character is moving in the game world.

Continuous vertical scrolling is designed to suggest the appearance of constant forward motion, such as driving. The game sets a pace for play, and the player must react quickly to the changing environment. While top-down racing games, skiing and other sports games, and pinball simulations all commonly use vertical scrolling, the genre of vertically scrolling shooters has made it a fundamental design element.
GWR 455 Class
The GWR 455 Class, also called the "Metropolitan" or "Metro" Tanks, was a series of 140 2-4-0T locomotives built for the Great Western Railway, originally for their London suburban services, including running on the underground section of the Metropolitan Railway, the source of their nickname. Later on the class was seen on many other parts of the GWR system. Sixty "Metro" Tanks were built, from 1868 onwards, during the lifetime of their designer, Joseph Armstrong. His successor William Dean regarded the class so highly that he would add a further 80, the final 20 examples appearing as late as 1899. The "Metros" were all built at Swindon Works, in nine lots of ten or 20 engines each.

William Dean (engineer)
William Dean (8 January 1840 – 24 September 1905) was an English railway engineer. He was the second son of Henry Dean, who was the manager of the Hawes Soap Factory in New Cross, London. William was educated at the Haberdashers' Company School. He became the Chief Locomotive Engineer for the Great Western Railway from 1877, when he succeeded Joseph Armstrong. He retired from the post in 1902 and was replaced by George Jackson Churchward. He designed famous steam locomotive classes such as the Duke Class, the Bulldog Class and the long-lived 2301 Class.
Fredette Lake
Fredette Lake is a remote northern lake in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It is along the course of Fredette River, about 6.5 kilometres (4.0 mi) north-east of Uranium City. Uranium City sits at the mouth of Fredette River on Martin Lake. Fredette Lake has several islands, the largest of which is Dewar Island. Dewar Island is named after Francis Irving Dewar.

Since all of the northern mining operations are downstream of Fredette Lake, it is commonly used as a reference site to determine normal background levels when studying other surrounding areas near Uranium City.

Uranium City
Uranium City is a northern settlement in Saskatchewan, Canada. The community is at the mouth of Fredette River on Martin Lake. It is north of Lake Athabasca and Beaverlodge Lake and is about 760 kilometres (470 mi) northwest of Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, 760 kilometres (470 mi) northeast of Edmonton, Alberta, and 48 kilometres (30 mi) south of the Northwest Territories-Saskatchewan border. The elevation is 230 metres (750 ft) above sea level. For census purposes, it is located within the province's Division No. 18 territory.
Commissioner of the Hyderabad City Police
The Commissioner of Police, Hyderabad City is the head of Hyderabad City Police.

The commissioner is an Indian Police Service officer of the rank of Director general of police (DGP) or Additional director general of police (ADGP). The commissioner heads the police force in a jurisdiction consisting of approximately 650 km2 area and home to a population of 1.6 Crore (16 million) with a 40 lakh (4 million) floating population.

Indian Police Service
The Indian Police Service (IPS) is a civil service under the All India Services. It replaced the Indian Imperial Police in 1948, a year after India became independent from the British Empire.

Along with the Indian Administrative Service (IAS) and the Indian Forest Service (IFS), the IPS is part of the All India Services – its officers are employed by both the Union Government and by individual states governments.

The service provides leadership to various state and central police forces, including the Central Armed Police Forces (BSF, SSB, CRPF, CISF, and ITBP), the National Security Guard (NSG), Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB), National Disaster Response Force (NDRF), Intelligence Bureau (IB), Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW), Special Protection Group (SPG), National Investigation Agency (NIA), and the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI).
Fred Hyatt
Freddie Phillip Hyatt (June 28, 1946 – June 27, 2022) was an American football wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL) for the St. Louis Cardinals, New Orleans Saints, and Washington Redskins.  He played college football at Auburn University and was drafted by the Cardinals in the second round of the 1968 NFL/AFL draft. Hyatt died of open heart surgery in Ocala, Florida just one day before his 76th birthday.

St. Louis Cardinals (NFL)
From 1960 to 1987, the professional American football team now known as the Arizona Cardinals played in St. Louis, Missouri, as the St. Louis Cardinals.

The team moved from Chicago to St. Louis in 1960, and played their first home game there on October 2 at Busch Stadium against the New York Giants. Their last home game in St. Louis, played at Busch Memorial Stadium on December 13, 1987, was also against the Giants. Their last game as a St. Louis–based club was on December 27, 1987, at the Dallas Cowboys.

During the Cardinals' 28 years in St. Louis, they advanced to the playoffs just four times (1964, 1974, 1975, and 1982), and never hosted a playoff game. Their only postseason win came in the 1964 Playoff Bowl.

Their winning percentage of .481 during their time in St. Louis—187 victories, 202 losses, and 13 ties—is better than those in the other two cities the Cardinals have called home.

The team moved to Tempe, Arizona, in 1988.
Arizona's at-large congressional district
When Arizona became a state in 1912, it was allocated a single seat in the United States House of Representatives, whose member was elected at-large, or statewide.

Arizona was represented by a single member of the House until the 1940 census gave Arizona a second seat. However, both members continued to be elected statewide (on a general ticket) until 1949.

1940 United States census
The 1940 United States census, conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States to be 132,164,569, an increase of 7.6 percent over the 1930 population of 122,775,046 people. The census date of record was April 1, 1940.

A number of new questions were asked including where people were five years before, highest educational grade achieved, and information about wages.  This census introduced sampling techniques; one in 20 people were asked additional questions on the census form.  Other innovations included a field test of the census in 1939. This was the first census in which every state (48) had a population greater than 100,000, and the first census to also include a "long form" (sent to only a subset of the households) with additional questions about socioeconomic and housing characteristics (the "long form" would be used for last time in the 2000 census, being replaced by American Community Survey afterwards).